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"'ig^« ^ic-«'gw ^*<^<:^

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, roKV

Till SrAi I- oi^ OKI GON

the Present

and

t I

BY RtiiV H K HINLa., ! )• u

Orthy I.) lie

...>>» -^>ta >->-J*>'-^^^t»»l

Cont;

jlt '/^ ^ ( /r f x..€Ji^^tU.^ S

y^p4:-'iei*f^.

ILLUSTRATED HISTORY

: : OF

The^^ate of Oregon

Containinii; a History of Ore<fon from the F.arlicst Period of its Discovery to the I'resent

Time. toj>ether with Glimpses of its Auspicious Future ; Illustrations and

rull-pa»e Portraits of some of its Lminent Men and Bio-

Sfaphical Mention of many of its Pioneers

and Prominent Citizens of to-day.

BY REV- H- K- HINES. D. D-

**A people Uial lake no priile in the nonlc achievements of rcm*ilc ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be
remeuil)cre<l with pride i>y remote descendants." — Afiunu/iiy.

CHICAGO:
TIIK LKWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY.

1893.

vmmgmmm!imm»mmm^sss^s

• M

PREFACE.

romplele and clrcuniBtnnUal liistory of Oregon must cover more tban ii liundrecl years of time, and deal with
the most exciting luculentH of tlie discnvery and settlemenl or nearly linlT onr Western Continent. It must
oonsliler the rival and conllicting cluima of various Kiiropean nations to its owneruhip, a.s wvll as its long
period of Indian wars, and its growth from a small American missiimary colony, struggling in rivalry with great
foreign corporations, representing the most powerful nation of the world; and it must trace the development of ita
civlliy.ation from these unpropilious l)eginnings to their result in a great and powerful Stale. To do this, circumstan
tially treating of different localities, and dwelling on the incidents most interesting lo each, would require a number
of volumes each larger than this. The limits necessarily set to this work, and thejcope intended to be covered by it,
seemed to render It best to compend its historical part in a series of chapters in which that history should be carefully
treated by subjects arranged in a logical order, rather than in a chronological succession of miscellaneous events-
This course, it is confidently believed, will give the best aud the most satisfactory results lo the minds of the readers of
this book.

This is especially true as so much of personal and incidental history necessarily appears in its extended biograph-
ical deparlmenl. No reader, we are persuaded, will arise from the study of these pages without a good impression
of the leading fads of Oregon histiuy in his mind, lie will better understand the causes, near and remote, that have
olierated on the field covered by this history to bring to its present condition of prosperity and power this great
TaciHc commonwealth.

Again, the restriction of our purpose confined our dlscuasloo mainly to Oregon. Up to 18S3 that included all the
North Tacitlc coast, but subsequent lo that time it is restricted to the country south of the Columbia river. In that
year the country north of the Columbia was erected into a Territory by itself and given the name of Washington.
In a few instances, as in the case of "Indian wars," historic events were so interwoven, north and south of the Co-
lumbia, that we have been compelled to follow some threads of the history into adjoining territory, but we have done
this as little as possible, and then only far enough to show the sonnection of historic events with the story of our own
Stale.

The writer has avoided, as far as possible, using the space allotted to history 12 this book by notes and quotations
and citations of autliorities. He has consulted so many and so voluminous authors that it would be impracticable to
name them all, as he would he glad to do. While he freely acknowledges his great obligation to them, it must, there'
fore, be c;i jmkmc, lest he should subject himself to the just imputation of undue partiality or sinister prejudice. In
every work of this kind mistakes, omissions, misinterpretations must occur, and we cannot expect that this escapes
the inevitable.

It may be proper to state that the writer of these pages has been personally a close observer of, and an active par-
ticipant in, the events of Oregon history for forty years. His opportunities for personal ob8ervati(m of men and
events in every part of the Stale, and of the entire Northwest, have been equal to those of any other man. The historic
authorities within his reach comprise the whole round of publications adapted to throw any light on the history of the
State. His effort has been to put into crystallized form the conclusions duduced from these authorities rather than
to give n narration of the daily occurrences that gave passing expression to the causes that finally resulted in the
Oregon of to-day. He has tried to do this " wifj malice toward none, with charity for all," but to do it conscientiously
and honestly. What he has written, or forborne to write, has alike been In deference to the purpose and scope of this
publication.

With the hope that, to the extent of that purpose and scope, he has contributed something that will enable the
public mind better to understand the history of Oregon, be submits his work to the people of the State in which he
has lived so long.

Thr AtiTHon-

ro»Ti<ANi>, OitBaoN, January, I8O3.

29168

CONTENTS.

ClIAI'TER. PAnl

I. — Topography iind Oeology 13

II.— Climate and Proiliiutinns IS

Cllraiite i 18

ProductloDB 20

HoiU 20

Sollg of Volcanic Orlgiu . 23

In Southwestern Oregon 83

Western Oregon 'i'i

Kastern Oregon 24

Products ■ 84

1 11. -Tbe Indians of Oregon 26

IV.— Earliest Discoveries 88

V. — Earliest Discoveries, continue'! 40

VI. — Overland Explorations 50

VII.— Uival Claims and Pretensions 61

VIII. — Uival Claims and Pretensions, continued 70

IX.~First American Settlement 78

X. — Oregon's Missionary Occupancy H7

XI. — The Hudson's Bay Company 08

Dr. .lohn Mc Laugblin 102

VII.— The Missions and the Americanizution of Ore-
gon 108

XIII.— Immigrations iia

XIV. — Immigrations, continued 180

XV. — Provisional Government. . 135

XVI.— Territorial Era 147

XVII.— Territorial Era, continued 157

XVIII.— Oregon as a State 165

XIX. — Oregon as a State, continued 174

XX. — Oregon as a Stale, con'inued 181

XXI. — Oregon as a State, continued 187

XXII.— The Indian Wars of Oregon 193

XXIII.— The Indian Wars of Oregon, continued 202

XXIV.— The Indian Wars of Oregon, continued 20»

XXV.— The Indian Wars of Oregon, continued 213

XXVI.— The Indian Wars of Oregon, continued 217

XXVII.— The Indian Wars of Oregon, continued 235

XXVIII.- Oregon in 1893 2i9

Portland 830

Salem 231

Oregon City 283

Alb»ny. . , , , 888

XXIX.— Oregon in 18U3, continued... 83.1

Corvallis 335

Dallas, Mc Minnville, Forest Grove, lliUs-

boro, Astoria 236

Tbe Dalles, Pendleton, Lu Grande 237

Maker City 888

Signillcance of County Names 238

ILLU8TUATION8.

Castle Uock, Columbia Ulver 84 ^ -

Charlton, Calla B U73>,

Corbetl, H. W... 1101

Crater L'lke and Cone 00 ^ -

Dalles, Pitsaage of the 133 j^ ^

Deady, M. P 849 „

Fisli- Wheel on the Columbia Hiver 164 j-

Fort Canby 820 v -

Giluian, J. M 1243

Gilmin, Mrs. L. F 1245 ' ^

Grove., L.F T. . ...801-

Hawtho.-ne, J. C '461,.,

Holman, F. V 1140 ^

Johnson, A. H 849 ,,

Kellogg, Joseph 1037 ,

Ladd,W.S 395'

Logging Camp 72 ■»

Lotan, James 1197^

Mason, W- 8 589 ^

Mount Hood..'. 73 -

Nelson, Abram 788 „

Portland 200 —

Uooster Rock 1^3 '>\.

Shattuck, ED 241 ,.,

Spaulding, W. W 525 ,

Terwilliger, James 413 ^

The Three Sisters 200»

Thielsen, H 658 ^.

Upper Cascades Wharf 220 y^

Willamette Palls 48 ^-

Williams, George H Frontispiece .y

Wood, T. A 909 .,

Wright, Z.T 717^

CitNTKSTS

BIOGf^APHIGAL SP^B^GHES.

Aliiiiliaiii, Jniiip> 070

Aliniiim, LhwIh f*Oil

Aliriinis, \V. II 77«

A.iuir, .Ic.liii (W7

A.liiir, \V H 6.Vf

A.liims, (1. A MO

A.liiiim, (». It 441

Ailams, M. I' 485

AdimiB, S. (' 3M

A(l»m», \V. II 870

Aiii>lii', (IccrL'e 04»

AlliriKJil, (", .tr .VJO

Allen, K \V 4«8

AlliMi.d. M 818

Allen, N. II U4«

Allen, W K 1(40

Allen, W. <) a83

Alnnll,.!. W 410

Allnian, I,. .'517

AiKleis.in, v.. I aSJI

Ai.lrewM, \.. 11 243

A.idrews, I,. M 789

Appeigiin, A. .1 1K)1

Apperson, .1. T .54.5

Applewliile, .1. M 410

ArdilioM, A. (' H31

Arnold, W. I) <,I50

Arnidd, Wni. S 1101

Arrinylon, V I, 534

Atkins li. II 47t)

Atkinson, Win. II 410 !

Atwood, .1. I' 534

Avery, .J.r 418

HHi)».r,r,. II 007

Iliuon, CI' Oil

Hailey, V. A 885

Hakei, .1. «} 3;{5

Haker, I,. II WW

Haker, .M. A 908

Ball, Isaac .507

Itiill, Isaac 1808

lUiclay, Kiirbes 980

l!arl)er, Henry 008

Ilarin, L. T 005

Barker, T. 707

Harlow, William (188

llarne.^, F. ( 740

r.arnes, U. W 7.54

liarrett, ('. A 781

liarretl, W. N ,543

liatchelor, .lames 1)78

liiiyer, .1. C 648

Bean, II. . I 389

Bean, U. S 703

Beardsley, LA) 7.55

Beauclianip, T 037

Beebe, ('. K 1(110

Bedwcll, Klisha 939

Belcher, J. M 640

BelllnKer, C. B 1005

llemiell, J. I) 708

lle!::i.-M .M. K KHW

Benson, II. ! O.VI

Berry, I W 844

Bewley, .1. K 884

Uewley, U. L 800

Bickol, Kreil 513

Biddlc, Kdwurd 014

Bllvpii, \. 904

r.ilyeu, Wm. U 904

Bingliani, (i. 004

BlnswauK'T, C>. S 718

Hird,J(.lin (136

Bird, |{. I' 0.56

Birdsey, .1. (i .184

Bishop, B. B 18.58

Blacklinrn, 1). 11. N 741

Blftin, I,. K 079

Blair, Cyruii 940

Blakeslee, (' I, !I80

Bluuchard, Dean 088

Blanchit, Alip 4H1

Blank, tttcphen 630

liliiinHuer, l.uuia 983

Boellin)!, Conrad 437

Bohannon, W. K 314

Boise, a. I' 738

Boise, U. I'., Jr 739

Bolander, U. N 983

Holies, J. r 3(10

Bonhttin, H. K .538

Boos, .1.0 1W5

Booth, J. I< 9(10

Biiolh. HA 400

Borman, G. W 078

Borlhwick, A. K 878

Buwdllch, .IT 074

Bowen A: Small 354

Bower,.!. I) 304

Bowlby, .1. A 403

Bowlhy, W 408

Bowmer, H. L 4."il

Bover, 1. D 074

BoynlO!), CO 800

Brainard, W. E 1139

Braley, A 040

Brannin, W. W 1801

Branson, B. U 807

Breck,.!, M 397

Briedwell,.!. W 971

Briatow, Uarwln 505

Brill, I'eter 480

Brown, Adnra 870

Brown, A. C 605

Brown, BenI 466

Brown, O. 11 084

Brown, J. A 472

Brown, lllram 514

Brown, .Iiimes II 9.58

lir.iwn, .James II <»75

Brown, .John 041

Brown, Joseph E .' 075

Brown, Michael 078

Brown, N, A 070

Brown, S. A. & E. C 617

Brown, H. K 077

Brown, W. S 888

lirusli, .lohn 738

BrulHcher, .Sahantlan 830

Bryan, HE 337

Bn.hlel, J 308

BnckniHU. Oyrui 375

Buell, fyriiB fl«4

Buirum, W. a 684

BullcHrk, S 383

Bunnell, N. P 077

Bnntinn, !:i. 887

Burlmnk, A. I« 607

Biirdi, 11. K 90 »

Buren, A. IS 901

Bnrs'Kraf, ('. II 001

Burnett, .lohu 416

Burnhain,.! 003

Burns, .Icdin ONI

Burton Bros 983

B.,shnell,J.A 4.57

Busier, .1. W 1001

Butler, Ira F. M 678

Butler, l8BH(! 780

Butler,.!. B. V 1008

Butler, (). U 013

BiuctoM, Henry 774

Hyars, W. II 010

Byrd. W. II 888

Caldn ell, A. C 4.58

Caldwell, H. P 1004

Caliir, 8. H 731

Cameron, T 100ft

Caiupliell, Hamilton 684

Campbell, . I. W 308

Campbell, P. L 438

Campbell, Patrick 363

(•ampbeU, Wm 047

'aples, J. F 087

Caplinger, .!. C 344

Cardwell, B. P 584

Cardwell,.!. U 604

Curl, Wilson 503

(aril, W. E 088

Carroll, .!. I, 1280

Carson, J. C .« 957

Carter, H. B 438

Carter,.!. T 888

(;alliey, B. A 319

Catlin, John 580

Catterlin, F. J 558

Callron, J 1007

Caufleld, Robert 788

Caukin, O. E 440

Cave, Hiley 980

(.'hadwick, 8.F 711

Chaiuberlftin, G. E 68(1

cnxTfCJfTs.

Til

(liiiiiiliKrlin, K mi

Clmmli^rlln, It. T iVi

CliniKllfr, (1 V 7»a

( lull lion, Ciilla U 07:1

Cliunimn, K. K 8(15

Cliiiriimn, K It 8(13

Cliitriiinii, TlioH. 700

CliriBiniiu, (1. U 080

ClirlHiimn, W. M C. 838

ClirlHiimii. W.S »8S

ClirlKllBii, llfiiry UHU

('liiirKi'ii. *' ""'J

CliiiitfHi, Wri. 1 20.')

C'liirk, Una, ,, 11U1I

Cliirk, K. 047

Clark, ,1. S 817

Clfiiver, 000

Cliir, II. U MO

niirorci, .M.n looo

(line, W. M 1000

Coail, « "77

C'oclimi. J. A Ofill

Coe, II. W 007

Cciiree, A. J 031

C'.iirey.T. M BOO

Cofflii, 8 581

Colbern, l*. E OO.'.

('(ile,.l. P 810

Colemiiii, 1> (' our.

Collard, K. B 1013

Collier, O. n 707

Colllnn, (Jeorge 01) J

Colliim, .1. h 810

Commercial National Bank... 288

Conde, 1'. A 302

Cone, (1. A 030

Cou.Ut, K. N 005

Conley, A. B •OSl

Conley, K. E a43

Cimnaway, \V. P 005

Conner, Nathan 847

Conner,!". E O-'d

Consliible, E 1014

Constable, U. lOlC

Coiiyers, E. W 1018

Conyers, W. H 1271

Cook, Charles 000

Cook, Ebenezer 014

Cook,.!. F 043

Cook, .1. W Oil)

Cooke, Horatio 900

Cooke, .I.J 701

Cooley, O. C 883

Coolidge, C 800

Cooper, J. H 1010

Cooper,.!. S 000

Corbett, Elijah 001

Corbett, H. W 1101

Comeliua, C. W 043

Cornelius, T. H 028

Cornoyer, N. A 724

Coshow, O. P 043

Cosper, 11. B 930

Cottle, H. W 730

Cowan, J. L 1015

Cowles, J. W 515

Cox, N. K 018

Cox, Richard 1000

Cox, Thomas 587

Cor.inn, Samuel 800

Crabill, P 1003

Crang, Frederick 008

Crawford, A. A 202

Crawford, J. A 700

Crawford,.!. (1 730

Criiwlord, T. II 300

CrawfiiKl, Thou. H 050

Cr.'lglii T. J 331

('rider, A. 8 1011

CriKliT, A.J 434

Crofult, I.J 450

( looior, II. II 022

Cnms, K. (; 703

Cro»ii, II. E 1011

Crosslin, II. A 1(H)8

Crowley, S. K 1013

I lowson.O. W 411

Culver, W.J 100<1

CiimniiogH, F>win 1100

Cunniuglinm, ('has 514

Ciirrin, (1. J 1000

Currin, Hugh 027

Curiy, (J. I- 420

CurllH, J. L 300

CurliH, W. L. 0.50

CuHick, J. W 7:i5

''utting, Oren 1C07

Dalley, M. 8 '. 083

Dalgity, .lames 433

Dart, A. E 1030

Dart, James 780

Davey, Frank 013

Davidson, Andrew 1010

Davidson, II. M 1021

Davidson, J. O 1031

Davidson, T. L 803

Davidson, Wm. M 743

Davies, Alfred 028

Davies, Miles 6j7

Davis, Frank 1023

Davis, U. Y 773

Davis, Hirama 1030

Davis, J. H 1387

Davis, Nanoleim 848

Davis, .S. i Son 1053

Davis, T. (■ 000

Dawson, Wm 840

Day, George C 207

Deady, M. P 340

De Force, J. II ia54

Dekum, Frank 1033

Ue Letts, Jackson 020

Denney,T. II 1027

Dennis, P. M 1023

Denny, (J.N 1051

Denton, E. N 1038

Derby. J. U 814

Dosart, George 1045

Dickerson, 8. W 1040

Dickinson, J. P 400

Dickinson, Obed 820

Dietrich, II. II 423

Dilley, M. E 838

Dlmick, AlphlaL 315

Doane, Neheraiah 330

Dodson, O. JI 355

Dolph, C.A 247

Donnelly, J. T 335

Donnerberg, John 408

Dornsife, J 0ft5

Dorris, B. F 7!tO

Dorsey, George 820

Douglass, Q. W 1048

Douglass, J. H 1078

Douglass, J. L...: 1048

Downing, t). 8 lOUO

Drake, II. B 384

Driver, I. D 108-I

DiiIhms, llunry... 018

Dull, . I It 804

Dunbar, F.I 487

Duniian. C. II 1W7

Dunn. Patrick 481

Diirlium. A. A 480

Durham. G. II BiUI

Durham, U. I lOW

Durham, S. A 4IK)

Dwighl, n. W 481

Eakin, U 861

Eakin, S B 885

Eastham, E. L 718

Kaston, P. II 1080

Eatcm, A. E 870

Eaton, F. B 010

Edwards, D. L 784

Edwards, K. 8 008

Eileis, O. H.. 887

Eliot, T. L 480

Elkins, Mrs. AM 453

Elkins, Joseph 1035

Elliott, Mrs. E 810

Elliott, J. S 303

Elmore, Samuel 1089

Embree, ('. 1) 1049

England, Wm 028

Engle, Samuel 1029

K»\e». Eevi 103(1

Estes, (). B lOas*

Everding, Henry 1041

Everest. David (118

Ewin, W. H 333

Ewry, .John 1041

Failing, Henry 10.55

Fauno, Augustus 1282

Fanno, A. J 934

Farra, G. U 440

Farrar, L. C 1030

Faull. Wm 070

Fawk, James 10.58

Fee, J. A .570

Feller, Francis 510

Fenton, Elijah 10.58

Ferchen, J, F 1007

Fergueson, J. B 500

Ferrin, W. N 1008

Field, .lohn 985

Fields, Hugh 081

Finn, C. H 307

FInnev, A 1084

First ffat'al Bank 8. Oregon 400

Fisher, A. (' 530

Fisher, J. J 248

Fletcher, II. C 1084

Fletcher, James. 1084

Fllnn, MA 015

Flint, B. T 275

Flippin, J. A 1031

Flook, ,T. 784

Foley, Francis. . 518

Folsom, F. W .1013

Foster, C. M 388

Foster, Phillip t043

Foster, 8. C ^047

CONTENTS.

Fouts, J. T 704

Fox, .John 1047

Frame, K. A 49;i

Fiaser, K. 1> 51)0

Frazei', G. N DIO

Fryer, J. T 1070

Fuller, 13. F 1073

Fuqua, Wm 707

Galbreatb, Joseph 1003

GallowHy, Wm (150

Gaiiiard, 0.0 207

Oanong, J. AV 245

Gardner, W. U 1003

Garland, A. J COfl

Garnold, John lO".")

Garrison, W. J 09:i

Gault, Pembroke 282

Giiy.UW 1073

Gearhart, J. W 5C4

Geer, F. W 473

Geer, J. P 847

Geiger, C. K 5.58

George, M. C 345

Gesner, Alonzo 047

Gibbs, A. C ;.... 386

Gibson, H. S 402

Gibson, S, D 495

Giesy, A. J 531

Giesy, Fredericli 2-ti

Giesy, Martin 429

Gill)ert, W. B 493

Gilbert, W. H 1059

Oilman, J. M 1245

Gitbens, George 1035

Glandon, F. S 828

Glass, Wm 440

Golf, S. F ,5.V)

Goldsmith, H 1034

Goltra, W. H 10(14

Goodbrod, A. J 1056

Goodman, A. J 682

Goodrich, T : 1068

Goodrich, W. C 1014

Goucher, 0. W 704

Graham, J. K 932

Graham,Wm 1044

Graham, W. W 252

Grant, David 6iwi

Graves, G. W 1005

Graves, U. T 823

Graves, T. J 1065

Graves, T. N 020

Gray, Caleb 463

Gray, J. H. 753

Green, John 1074

Grim, J. W 258

Groner, John 899

Grooms, Wn< 557

Grout, U. A 381

Grover, L. F HOI

Groves, J. F 1074

Grubbs, Wm 1001

Guthrie, 1).M 669

Ilackleman, Abraham 1062

Ilackleman, C. C 72S

l.'adley, H. G 0,54

Ha^-ony, John 521

Haile/, T. 278

Haines, E. W 1053

llalnes, W. W 1058

H8ley,P. W 1067

Hall, B. F 325

Hall, C. H 734

Hall, J.C 900

Hall, J. H 1066

Hnllgarth, C 1009

Hammond, A. P 676

Handley, C 841

Hansee, Martha L 1060

Hansen, G.W 347

Hanson, M 1070

Hanson, K. M 584

Hanswirth, F 1080

Hanthorn, J. 1077

Hardesty, S. W 1079

Harding, C. V 342

Harding, G. A 526

Hare, J. W 1071

Hare, W. D 859

Ilarkins, T. G 623

Harper, Peter 867

Harrington, D. F 1071

Harrison, W. H 1087

Hartman, B. F 805

Ilartman, J, J 783

Haseltine, J. E 1087

Hathaway. Worden 570

Hawes, E. M 489

Hawthorne, J.C 461

Hay, Clark 621

Hayes, D. J 323

Hayes, G. E 745

Heater, BenJ 811

Hedges, D. L 307

Hefty,H.J 952

Hegele.C 518

Heilborn, C 1080

Heiple, 8 984

Helslor, John 299

Hellenbrand, C. W 1078

Helmick, James 689

Hembree. F. P. 1078

Hemstock, Wm 1083

Hendee, D. H 328

Henderson, T. B 308

Henderson, W. B 534

Hendrick, M. B 896

Hendricks, T. G 591

Henness, B. L Ue9

Henrichsen. L. C 1082

Henry, J. S 348

Henton, N.J 1093

Herrall, George 888

Herren, G 404

Hess, A. J 1104

Hey wood Bros. & Co 429

Hibbs, J. S 1080

Hickg, Ernest 314

Hicks, T. M 529

Hill, Almoran .509

Hill, Henry 839

Hill, J. L 759

Hill, J. W 376

Hillibrand, Paul 963

Hime8,G. H .1104

Himpel.C. A 1080

Hiues, H. K 034

nines, T. M 1081

Hinkle, Jesse 4,54

Hinkle, J. T. 575

Hlnman, A 888

HlnsUaw, I, 8 1C81

Hoberg, C '. 293

Hoberg, Joseph 871

Hobson, John 757

Hobson, K 944

Hocken, W. O 901

Hodgkin, F. E 1099

Hodson, O. 786

Hogan, C. L 686

Hogue, H. A 907

Holbrook, F. B 405

Holbrook, P 744

Holman, Amos 635

Holman, F. V 1149

Holman, J.D 844

Holman, John 1095

Holman, N 1094

Holman, Thomas. 1115

Holmes, A. M 931

Holmes, Gertrude 11 16

Honeyman, John 1094

Hoover, Jacob 053

Horubuckle, Q 1093

Hosford, CO 447

Houck, O. W 265

Hovey, AG 541

Howard, C. T 1085

Howard, D. C 598

Howe, W. A 1088

Hoyt, G. W 779

Hoyt, H. L 844

Hubbard, J. E 1089

Hughes, E. C 780

Hughes, Samuel 1096

Huelat, A. B 389

Huelat, S 1093

Hulin, C. 8 432

Hulin, Lester 764

Humphrey, N. B 1091

Hunsaker, A. J 72«

HunsBk»r, H. K 621

Hunter.hmry 261

Hnrd, Jarvis 1151

Hurley, H 703

HuBsey, Nathan 946

Hustler, J. G 514

Huston, 8. B 719

Hyde, C. F 1150

Irwin, W. J 761

Isaac, f . T 418

Isom, John 1098

Israel, J.D 459

Jack, Andrew 1108

Jack, Calvin 938

Jackson, J. 8 948

Jacobs, W. E 261

Jaeger, J. M 687

James, C. W 1291

Janney, G, B 1108

Jensan, M 1091

Johnson, A. H 849

Johnson. F. M 355

Johnson, George W 1097

Johnson, O. W 450

Johnson, H. A nOO

Johnson, H. H noo

Johnson. James 798

Johnson, J. J 463

Johnson, J. C 1128

JobDOon, J, I) 408

oontbnts.

Johnson, P 2B2

Johnson, W. C 550

Johnson, W. R 081

Johnston, T. J 1124

Jolly, F.B nil

Jones, H.I 1110

Jones, J. A 292

Jonea,J. W 1109

Jonea, W. 8 420

Jones, Wm 300

Jones, W.J 1109

Kane, Wm 1113

Kapus,Wm 464

Kay, Thomas flOO

Keeley Institute Oil

Keene.J. M 1107

Keep, CM 830

Keinlen.E 1112

Kellogg, J. B 016

Kellogg, Joseph 1037

Kelly, Clinton 1273

Kelly,John 1111

Kelly, Mrs. N. C. B 494

Kelly, Penumbra 1122

Kelly, Richmond 1275

Kelsey, F. D 1122

Kelso, Lewis 1106

Kennedy, J. W 055

Kenworthy, J 245

Kern, J. W 955

Keyt, E. 1100

Kiddle, Ed 329

Kightlinger, A. S 1130

Kinin,T.B 1131

Killingsworth, W. M 508

Kincaid, H.R 1118

King, A. N 390

Kindt, Peter 748

Kinney, M.J 260

Kirk, D. K 1119

Kirts, John ?69

Kittridge, Herbert 1127

Knapp, R. B 1137

Knight, Wm 1120

Knott, A.J 240

Knox, 0. F 484

Koehler, Wm 1126

Kopp, John 537

Kribs, Harry 1124

Krumbein, J. P 620

Kruse, John 659

Kuykendall, C. V 699

Ladd.W. S... 31(5

Ladue, W. N 085

Lady,J. W 1125

Laiulaw, Jamea 619

Lamb, A. L 1117

Lamb, L.J 242

Lamberson, J. A 658

Lambert, J. H 868

Lamport, E. 8 597

Lancefleid, R. W 1117

Large, Francis 795

LaRociiue, A. E 1129

Laah, O. R 1180

Latouretle, D. C 780

Laiighlin, D. W 770

Laughlin, Lee 087

Laughlln, R, R 705

Leathers, J. P 1155

Lee H. A 080

Lee, J. B 439

Lee, N. L 1155

Lee, T.J 798

Lee, W. H 1112

Leinweber, C 755

Lemont, P. A 7«'.i

Levis, W.W 1132

Lewelling, Setb 4»7

Lewis, B. F 1132

Lewis, W.H 1130

Lindsley,A.L 480

Lines, H. M .551

Linn, B. F 1136

Lippincott, B. E COl

Littlefic'.d, H. R 815

Lockwood, C. E 247

Lockwood, O. A 1128

Loewenberg, J 573

Lombard, J. E 523

Long, Edward 791

Lotan, James 1197

Lownsdale, J. P. 863

Lucas, A. W. . . . , 928

Luelling, A 568

Luelling, M. H 709

Lynch, John 968

Mack, W. O 1128

MacKay, A.E 471

MacKay, Donald 372

Mackenzie, K. A. J 200

Macrum, I. A 270

Magers, J. E 825

MaUory, Rufus 273

Malone, R. D 834

Manning, Loui 881

Mansfield, P. M 540

Mark, A. K 817

Markham, 8. S 1120

Markle.G.B 1276

Marks, 8. P 951

Marrs, Mrs. L. E 955

Marshall, A. J 288

Martin, E 447

Martin, Mrs. P. B 1167

Martin, J. M 1160

Martin, N 488

Martyn, W. P 334

Mason, W. 8 689

Masters, J. W 1107

Mathew, 8 1121

Matlhieu, F.X 44i;

Mattock, J. D 952

Mauzey, Wm 1147

May, Samuel 1151

May, W. W 080

Mays, F. P 289

McAllster, D. A 1162

McArthur, L. L 804

McBride, James 1152

McCaw.W. P 077

McClane, J.B 1141

McClelland, T 886

McClung, J. H 592

McComas, E. S 279

McCord, 8. B 783

McCraken, John 367

McDaniel, D. P 1188

McDanlel, £, P 858

McDaniel, Joshua 491

McDonakl, Hurley 1142

McEIroy, E. B 020

McGrath, G. T 1134

McOuIre, H. I) 1135

McKay, Joseph 349

McKay, W. C 1133

McKenzie, Emma W 287

McKern, Luke 811

McKinney,J.N II.'IO

McLaughlin, G. W 295

McLencb, F. 1140

McLeod, W. M 378

McNally, C. 8 1145

McNary, A. W 1145

McNutt, R. W 1161

McPherson, P. J 1160

McPhilllps. James 1149

Mead, A. P 310

Medford Dis. & Uef. Co 1148

Meek, C. W 874

Meldrum, John W 720

Merchant, Warren 1110

Merchant, Wm 1144

Meredith, J. W 806

Merrick, Ross 357

Merrill, Norman 1148

Merritt, J. W 333

Merwin, A. T 1147

Messenger, H. (; 1 146

MeUcham, P 598

Meyer, Conrad 1 140

Meyers, Joseph 1 164

Miller, B. F 409

Miller, F. M 1153

Miller, Henry 572

Miller, J. E 1101

Miller, N. A 452

Miller, S.E 312

Miller, Wm 1162

Miller, W. W 1158

Milliorn,T. A 450

Mills, W. A 280

Milne, John 1158

Minto, J. W 000

Minto, John 875

Minto, W.J 595

Mitchell, R. W 277

Mitchell, W. H 906

Monnastes, David 606

Montanye, L. H 752

Monteilh, T 1159

Monteith, W 709

Moore, D. M 1160

Moore, E. W 1171

Moore, J. C 1158

Moore8,J. H 033

Moores, A. N 276

Moores, C. B 633

Jforand, W. E .' 1165

Moreland, J. C 747

Morey, P. F 854

Morgan, J.J 1163

Morgan, J. W 1104

Morris, B. W 481

Morris, E. 8 1017

Morse, M.J 1010

Moss, 8. W 1181

Moti, W. 8 308

Moyer.J. M 1170

Mulkey, P. M 1104

Mulkey, Luke 1183

Mull, Mrs. 8. J 937

Muller, Max 410

CONTENTS.

Muipliy, H. W 810

Myers, John 1183

Myer8,W. H. II 790

Naclianil, Henry 313

Neep, C. T IISB

Neer, Deios D 046

Nelson, Abrnhaiu 78S

Nelson, A. J 1185

Nelson, J. C 917

Nelson, Uasnius 1187

Nesuiith, W 11S7

Neuburg, P.J 485

Newell, C. H 1179

Newbury, W. S 784

Newby, \V. T 11«0

Newton, G.G 457

Newlon, N. E 292

Newton, N. P 40«

Nichols, A. P 899

Nichols, \..l\ 455

Nicholson, \W. T. U 384

Nickerson, Hugh 759

Xicklin, A. 1 1180

Nickiun, J. M 1175

Nicoliii Hros. Co 387

Noble, H.J 889

Noble, J. W 723

Nolanil, George 203

Noon, \Vm. C 857

Nerval, J. \V 340

Oatman, H. B 315

Olierer, F.J 1200

O'C'innor, John 1175

Odell, W. H 288

O'Donald, J 935

Ot;ilvy, David 008

Oglesliy, W. W 1173

Olds, O. W 894

Olds, J. C 1174

Olmsted, M. L 1170

Osborn, 0. A 1108

Osborn, K 628

Osborn, T. P 924

OtcUin, Thomas 900

Overlnrf, laicrelia 1189

Owen, M. M 012

I'licific Mutual Life Ins. Co... 805

Packard, I(. K 437

I'ague, U. S 601

Paine, li. I) 521

I'aine, I). A 1297

Palethorpe, G, H 418

Palmer, Charles 1177

Pnlmer, (;. L 428

I'ai|uel, Joseph 078

Paciuet, Peter 850

Parker, W. W 501

Parrish, J. I. .537

Parrish, L. M 470

Parrotl, V. II 301

Parson, J. 8 1177

Partlow,J. M 9f)9

Partlow, W. B 401)

Parvin, Z. M 751

PatUTson, A. W 766

Patterson, F. A 813

Patterson, John 274

Patterson, W. J 310

Patterson, W. M 399

Patton, T. McF 552

Patty, G.M 1178

Paulsen, Thomas 474

Payne, N. P 747

I'earce, Ashbcy 771

Pearl, Joseph 1179

Pease, G. A 415

Peck,C. W 1004

Peebles, G. A 75B

Peirce, G. M 446

Pennington, S. M 000

Pennoyer, Sylvester 1172

Perkins, 0. W 1097

Perkins, N. H 675

Perkins, U. 8 1059

Perry, F. C 915

Perry, T. \V U93

Perry, W. 8 030

Pfau, Jacob 029

Pfunder, L, G 509

Pfunder, Wm 710

Philbrick, A 378

Phillips, ». T 1190

Phillips, John 848

Pickel, E. B 431

Pickett, W. 445

Pierce Bros 1293

Piggott, C. H 625

PiIsl)ury,J. G 547

Place, L, W 801

Plummer, O. P. S 1205

Pointer, Wm 787

Pollock, Hobert, 290

Pope, Seth 300

Pope,SelhL 301

Pope, W. II 412

Portland University 339

Prrter, J. A 1182

Porter,,!. H 619

Porter, K. M ,530

Porterfield, J. E 073

Posson, F. L 275

Potter, Sylvester 1192

Powell, F. S 887

Powell, John 383

Powell, J. W 287

Powell, \V. S 501

Powers, A. \V 705

Powers, B. F 325

Powers, I. F 912

Powers, li. M 1184

Prather, J. M 758

Prentice, F. W 505

Prellyman, H. \V 900

Purser, David 834

Pulman, D. B 715

Putnam, J. B. 1199

Quick, K. E 1195

Quick, U. 891

Hallety, Dav k C. 11 1210

Kall'ety, 8, B 1210

Ralston, C. H 1195

Kalslon, Oliver 859

Kalslon, W. M 831

Hampy, U. A 1201

Bamsey, W. M 814

Handall, N. W 320

Handall, T. P 366

Hands, E. M 1193

Rast, jQhn 701

Raymond Bros. & Co 460

Read, W. F H94

Reed, F. C 1191

Reed, G 1191

Rees, W. H 1198

Reid.Wm 310

Kenick, A. B 417

Reynolds, John 703

RUoOes, Jasper 506

Rice, W.J 1203

Richards, 8 013

Richardson, 8. T 740

Richmond, T. G 1198

Rickard, Casper 1204

Rider, G. C 926

Rigler, Frank 289

Rifey, D. J 1803

Risdon, 1). M 644

Hitter, J. D 668

Robhins, Levi 915

Robbins, Martin 1800

Hol.bins, Oliver 1281

Robert, C. A 1239

Roberts, C. B 884

Roberts, Wm 479

Robinson, F. M 1200

Robinson, B. M 879

Robinson, J. W 462

Robinson, R. F .579

Robinson, W.J 728

Robison, I. C 880

Roby, C. W 623

Roby, E. P 944

Rockfellow, A. D 544

Rockwell, C im

Hoe, Thomas 1203

Rogers, J. W 1281

Honey, L. N 584

Hoop, Jacob 1113

Hoot, Sidney 824

Hoots, J. W 401

Hose, Aaron 1217

Ross, J. II 1217

Ross, J. P 341

Ross, J. W 510

Hosseler, F. S 1209

Hounds, Kuth E 284

H(mrke, T. F 1877

Howell, J. I) 791

itowland, G. L 827

Rowland, J. R 1248

Rowland, L. L 1211

Royal, Osman 374

Royal, W. W 356

Russell, (J. F 716

Russell, L. H 1297

Rust, Henry 348

Samson, W. W. H 1848

Sanders, J. H 1208

Sandlord, Hicliard 069

Savage, Erastus 954

Savage, John, Jr 590

Savage, Wm 1207

Sawtell, A. J 1858

Schieffelin, E 686

CONTENTS.

ScUulmeiich, C 12-13

Schumann, Otto 317

Scoggin, W. A 006

Scott, C.G 1224

Bcott, H. W 478

Scott, Rodney 1223

Scriber, C. W 1238

Scripture, S. F 202

Scroggin, P. M 858

Sears, C. W 127U

Sears, G. C 574

Selling, Isaac 244

Sewell, J.H 935

Sliarp, Wm 1215

SUattuck, E. D 241

Slielby, J. 11. E 88!

Shelley, Uoswell 1210

Shelton, J. W 772

Sherlock, Wm 1292

Sherman, D. F 320

Shipley, M. II 002

Shively, C. W 838

Short, a. V 770

Shortridge, T. M 945

8hreve,Asa 930

Shultz, Asbury 1231

Silver, C. S 428

Simmons, Wheelock 1157

Simon, Joseph 209

SimoDton, James 250

'Simpson, I.M 903

Simnaon, J. T 804

Simpson, U. L 720

Sites, J. K 818

Sitton, N. K 1232

Skiff, M. 8 707

Slavin, J.A 424

Sloan, Mrs. S. A 1219

Smith & Steiner 1213

Smith, A. C 1220

Smith, A. M 1235

Smith, A. T 128'.l

Smith, B. F 903

Smith, tj. E 800

Smith, Clark 700

Smith, Oyrus 808

Smilh, David 770

Smith, F. K 770

Smith, H. A 570

Smilh, H. J 1223

Srr.itb, Irvin L 1228

umilh, Isaac W 1200

Smith, J. N 531

Smith, M.P 587

Smith, M. W Olf)

Smith, P.T 1229

Smith, Stephen 1218

Smith, Thomas 1218

Smilh, T. C 714

Smitli, Wm 910

Smilh, Wm. K 873

Snow, T. N 338

Snyder, Charles 1214

Honger, S. T 411

South'n Ore. Lum. & Mfg. Co..l050

Soverns, George 033

Spalding, Miss II. F 835

Spaulding, M. M 1215

Spaulding, Wm. W 525

Spink, Perry W 740

Sporry, A. J. 1205

SlRBls, Henry 800

Staats, J. 883

Staals. Stephen 1813

Btaggs, G. W 133(i

Stanley, H. B 1237

Stanton, II. C 581

Stanton, J. A 1221

Starr, Isaac 1221

Starr, 8. A 1285

State Ins. Co 730

Staver, G. W 1225

Stearns, L. B 721

Stebinger, Eugene 377

Steel, George A 870

Steel, James 861

Steel, Wm. G 588

Steeples, Perren 840

Steffen, John F 1220

Steffen, Michael 1220

Steiner, David 881

Stephens, J. B 400

Stephens, Phoibe A 1212

Stevens, D.W. & Co 1378

Stevens, J. H 301

Steward, J. L 709

Stewart, Charles 454

Stewart, D. C 805

Stewart, M. W 290

Stone, Jerry 1220

8touffer,Jon ■. 671

Stout, David 1206

Stout, Francis 803

Stout, Lansing 017

Slowell, A. W 1204

Strahan, U. S 549

Straight, H. A 435

Stratlon, C. C 340

Strong, C. C 1227

Sirowbridge, J. A 801)

Stump, Duvid 942

Stump, J. B 007

Sturges, Ira B 503

Sullivan, T. W 394

Summers, Owen 1230

SwalTord, E. W 385

Swilzer, D. J 500

8ymons,T. W 0U9

Talbert, J. A 419

Talbot, Sarah A 249

Tanner, A. H 594

Tate, J. P 042

Taylor, D.W 720

Taylor, P. L Oil

Taylor, G. W 317

Taylor, James 550

Taylor, Peter 425

Taylor, Robert 324

Terwilliger, H 471

Terwilliger, James 413

Thayer, J. A 391

Thayer, W. W 1234

Tbielsen, H 053

Thing, George 037

Thompson, I). P 253

Thompson, J. 1 727

Thompson, John 810

Thompson, Lewis C 941

Thompson, U. Q 507

Thompson, U..N m

Thompson, T 1234

Thorns, Miss II. 1270

Thornton, Jamei 501

Thornton, H. H 548

Thorp, T. C 486

Thorson, J. B 1371

Thurmau, Wm 8l2

Thurston, George H 1272

Thurston, S. K 476

Tigard, \V. M 570

Todd, Jon 1273

Tonur, J. G 863

Toney, W. L 852

Tongue, T. H 403

Tooze, W. L 444

Torbet, David 750

Towiiaend, I. S 1290

Tracy, G. II 1393

Tracy, J. M 674

Train, S. 8 743

Travelers' Ins. Co 440

Trenchard, C.J 537

Trullinger, O. J 1305

Truliinger, J. C 1206

Tucker, Thomas 700

Tucker, Wm 286

Turner, T. I. 1241

Tustin, C. S 1340

Tutthill, H.J 331

Tweedale, W. C 809

Vanduyn, J. M 480

Van Scoy, Thos 487

Van Slyck, E. M 354

Van Vranken, E 530

Varwig, T. P 1341

Vaughan, W. H 1343

Vaughan.J.S 443

Vawter, W. 1 504

Veatch, H. C 1338

Vernon, John 1303

Waddel, A. M 1379

Wade, W. L 1357

Wadhams, Wm 577

Wadsworth, F. M 406

Waggener, W 1258

Wait, A.E 651

Wail, T. B 708

Walden, N. O 1394

Walker, C. C 833

Walker, Mary K 898

Walker, J. P 12IM

Walker, N. ,T :.... 571

Walker, U. II 074

Walker, W. M 679

Wallace, h. M 931

Wallace, W. G 744

Walter, Clark 545

Walter, George 1340

Walton, .1. J 703

Ward, J. P 307

Ward, T. A 569

Ware, Joel 1246

Warner, Arthur 1247

Warren, M. S 343

Warren, Wm. E 1398

Warren, W. L 1399

Washburne, C. W 535

Wassom, Jon 708

Waters, J. M 1251

Watson, C. B 1251

Watson, E. B 1337

Watson, J. F 1238

Watts, M. M 333

Weinhard, Henry 844

CONTENTS.

Welch, J. W 4C5

Welch, Jobu 1244

Wells, W.r. 12U

Welty, E. J 571

West, P. H 921

West, N. K 375

Westncolt, W. G 1283

Weizell, W. A 1284

Wheeler, ,Iason 1236

Whitaker, G (i02

White, E. D 1249

White, Henry 1249

White, S. 8 1295

White, W. L 407

Whiteaker, B. F 878

Whiteaker, D.J 880

Whiteaker, G. W 1299

Whillock, W. T 2i)r)

Whitlock, Wm 1250

Whitman, J. 1) 1298

Whitman, Mrs. E 318

Whitman, S. S 3l8

Whitney, C. H 872

Whitney, .T. ,T 1269

Whitney, Kobt 12C9

Wiberg, C. M 1281

Wigg, George 370

Wilbern, Henry 007

Wiley, H. E 071

Wilkins, Charles 421

Williams, C. C 281

Williams, George 1255

Williams, G. II 781

Williams, L. L 737

Williams, Ulchard 843

Williams, Samuel 892

Williams, S. H 253

Williams, W. W 1288

Williams, W. E 802

Willis, O. L 1288

AVilloughby, M. E 1259

Wilmot, M. L 511

Wilmol, a P 927

Wilson, G 604

Wilson, John 853

AVilson, H. D 898

Wilson, Wm 593

Wineset, C. P 208

Winsor, Benj 838

Wing, C. E 294

Wingate, G 555

Wisdom, J. T 907

Wisdom, J. W 250

Wise, A. J 038

Wisecarver, J 823

Wolverton, John 690

Wood, Frank 1254

Wood, L. S 254

Wood, T. A 909

Wood,Z. W 1286

Woods, L. N 836

Woodward, Q 683

Woodward, T 850

Wortman, C. F 1223

Wortman, Jacob 1253

Wren, Michael 430

Wrenn, S. E 1040

Wright, D 400

Wright, E. J 715

Wright, Elsia 1017

Wright, J. A 1285

Wright, Z. T 717

Writsman, .1. 713

Wyalt, J. B 332

Wygant, Theo 380

Young, Benj 487

Young, F. G 748

Y'oung, J. C 283

Young, J. CJ. A 959

Young, 8. A 1287

Y'oung, 8. E 884

Zimmerman, David 033

Zumwalt, C. P 825

STOI^Y OF OPGON,

CHAPTER I.

TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY.

General Desceiition — Oiast Region — Oascade Range — Willamette Valley — Blue Moun-
tains—Great Interior Valley — Klamath Plateau — Volcanic Upheavals— Volcanic
Rocks — Glacial Action— Volcanoes — Lava Beds — Formation In Blue Mountains — Lava
Plains of Snake Rivkk — Scip^ntific Statement — The Region ok The Columbia — Fos!»il
Beds.

' present such a picture of tbe region
of Oregon as will make it possible for the
general reader to understand the country,
it will be necessary first to give a brief de-
scription of its topography.

Oregon, in general, topographically, is a
series of deep valleys and lofty mountain ranges,
extending northward and southward through
the entire State, The exceptions to this state-
ment are some lateral spurs of mountains that
at a point or two project almost perpendicularly
to the course of the main ranges, constituting
the water-sheds between the streams that flow
northward into the Columbia, or southward into
the Sacramento, and the lakes of the, great in-
terior basin. From an elevated volcanic plain
lying along and near the 43° of latitude, and
cutting the entire State from east to west, the
drift of the valleys is northward to the great
drain of the Columbia river, which is the
northern boundary of the State. This portion
may be iirst considered, as it is much the larger
and more valuable part of the State.

Fixing our initial stake at tbe mouth of the
Columbia river, the northwest corner of the
State, we find first, closely pressing the Pacific

coast, the Coast Range of mountaiiii*. This
range has a width east and west generally of
about thirty miles, and extends coastwise the
entire width of the State, crowding its rocky
feet everywhere into the spray of the ocean. It
is densely timbered, hardly any pinnacle ri.?ing
too high to produce the grandest tirs, cedars
and larch, with some higher summits. The
average altitude of this range may be put at
about four or five thousand feet. It breaks
gradually down eastward from its summit
ridge into long slopes, separated by clear
mountain streams, then into rounded foot-hills,
crowned with oaks and firs, until the hills melt
away into the verdure of the Willamette valley.
From the summit of this range eastward,
as the crow flies, a distance of one hundred and
fifty miles, that of the great Cascade range is
reached. Like the others this range cuts the
State from north to south. It is much the
higher, broader, and grander range. Its aver-
age width is not less than eighty miles, and its
average altitude not below nine thousand feet.
Crowning this mighty ridge, at intervals of
fifty or more miles, great snowy summits,
rising from three to five thousand feet above

HisTonr OF onKiuiN.

tile line "f perpetual ^in()\v, dome the dark uvor-
greeii t'orestf* lli:it eover tlie niii^'e.

Jietweeii tliese two iiioiiiitain rfiiif^^es lies tlie
^roat \alley of the Willainelte, a liundred and
Ht'ty miles loii^f and fifty miles widii. -tlie gem
and ghny "I' tlie I'aeitic coast. The eharacter
and value of this valley agriculturally and iii-
dut'trially is discussed elsewhere, and we speak
of it here only in its topographical relations to
the dominating geological conditions of the
i'(>i,'ion in which it is such an interesting ele-
ment.

Taking our stand once more on the summit
ot the Cascade range we look still eastward
over a vast, thouijh hroken and seared valley,
150 miles wide, against the slopes and pinna-
cles of the Blue mountains. This range has
the same north and south trend as the others,
though as its sunthward extension ap])roache6
the southern line of Orcjion it breaks down
into spurs and isolated huttes, and finally ter-
minates in the great volcanic plateau along the
43' parallel of latitude. Through this great
depression hetwceii the Cascade and Bine
Mountains, two rivers, the Des Chutes on its
western and the .lohn Day on its eastern side,
run northward into the Columhia.

Still eastward, for 100 miles from the main
ridge of the iilue mountains to the eastern line
of the State, stretches a (country quite unlike
that west of that I'ange. It is a region of val-
leys separated liy detrached mountain ridges
and traced by small rivers, vhich, while Iniving
the same northward flow as those before men-
tioned, enter Snake river far above its junction
with the ('olumbia, and within its great volcanic
valley that extends from the Blue mountains to
the Bocky mountains a distance of nearly 1,000
miles. These valleys and mountain ranges
have topogra])hically or geologically little in
common with those of tl.^ western and middle
portions of the State.

It is needful that we now go southward and
take our observations from the great Klamath
plateau, that constitutes the separation between
the ncjrth flowing and south and west Howing

waters of Oregon. This sweeps eastward from
the east fojt of the Cascade range, on a width
of a degree of latitude, at least 200 miles. It
is a vast region of lakes, many of t'nem without
outlet, yet absorbing tiie constant inflow of con-
siderable rivers; of great marshes once them-
selves greater lakes; of seamed and bent and
broken lava ])lainH, and all elevated 5,000 or
(5,000 feet above the sea. Out of its western
rim flow Kogue and Klamath rivers, which
make their way directly through all in,;erveiMng
mountain barriers to tlie Pacific ocean 200
miles away. Here are also the springs of the
Sacramento, which courses tiie greatest valley
of (California and finds its way to the sea
through the Golden Gate, 500 miles to the
south.

This brief description of the topography of
the State will, perhaps, prepare the reader's
mind to understarid the peculiar geological con-
ditions and changes that have marked the dif-
ferent portions of the State better than he oth-
erwise could. lie will also see why a descrij)-
tion of our part of Oregon is not a description
of another part either as to soil, climate, or
protluction.

In general it may be said that the monntaiu
ranges of (h'egon are volcanic upheavals; the
mighty bending upward of the crust of the
earth's surface when its inborn fire.s were lashed
to unwanted fury in some stormy age of old
eternity. The western valleys, and especially
Willamette, were doubtless formed by this up-
heaval of its enclosing ranges, leaving the floor
of the surface here comparatively undisturbed.
This really rests on a foundation of a(|Ueou8
rock of nnmeasnrod thickness, on which the
alluvial matter which forms its soils has been
deposited. With this there are, in many places,
deep deposits of water-worn pebbles and strati-
fled sand, which were made at an era much
more modern than that of the underlying sand-
stone. These water-marked deposits are clearly
traced in the eroded l)anks of the rivers, and in
the cloven face of some of the mountains of the
(-oast Range, and on the western slopes of the

HISTORY OF (iltEnON.

Cascade range, where tlin ancient crii8t was
broken Uy the upheaving forces that lifted the
ranges out of their ancient levels. These de-
posits of sand and pebhles and water-worn rocks
register an era when an older sea covered all
westward of the Cascaile range: certainly, if,
indeed, wliere it is now that range, was not, in
common with the Coast liange, deep beneath the
waters. It is useless to endeavor to identify
these changes chronologically, as creation in its
being and in its mutations writes its historic
days in millennials of age, and thns puts our
conception of time, drawn as it is from human
experience and human history entirely at fault.

The volcHnic rocks on the western slope of the
Cascade mountains, in the Willamette valley
and ia the Coast Range of mountains, appear
only occassionally, and can scarcely be called
characteristic. When they do appear they seem
to be an overflow westward of a great lava out-
put of the Cascade range, or the product of local
volcanic upheavals which pushed up the isolated
buttes of the upper portion of the valley at a
time coeval with the formation of the moun-
tain ranges. They exist mainly in scattered
scoriaceous rooks, or in ledges and peaks of
columnar basalt, superimposed on sandstone,
trachyte, or resting on miocene strata.

Of course, in indicating* the forces that formed
this now verdant valley, glacial action must not
be forgotten. Far extending moraines and wide
glaciated surfaces tell the story of the far-away
eras when these mighty ice-plows furrowed
and planed down the broken face of the earth's
crust, and smoothed it into its now beauteous
vales. The story of their old movements is
recorded very plainly on these surfaces, and the
relics of their wider existence are yet living in
the moving ice-fields of Monnt Hood and the
other mighty cones of the Cascade range.

Enough has already been said to indicate to
the careful reader that the Cascade mountains
are of volcanic formation. Tlie great snow
peaks are all volcanoes. They are called ex-
tinct, though some of them, notably Mount
Hood south of the Columbia and St. Helen's

north of it, are yet smoking, and on the south-
ern slo|)e of the former are great masses of
heated rocks, and an ever steaming crater. The
great snuuiut intervals between these peaks
are generally granitic rock, covered with a deep
vegetable soil, intermixed with decayed granite.
IJut from these peaks vast streams of molten
lava have poured, flowing mainly eastward, and
spreading over the entire country between the
Cascade and Blue mountains, from a few inches
to hundreds of feet in thickness. In fact, there
were many successive overflows, as on the broken
faces of the clitfs clearly defined lines of sirati-
tication are prt'sented inure numerous as we a|)-
proach the great summits that were their foun-
tain. The greatest outflow in Oregon was in
the middle of the range, about half-way from
the Columbia river to the Klamath plateau, and
thence southward and eastward, including the
great Modoc lava beds, forever made historic
as the scene of the Modoc Indian war. Thence
the molton iron sea rolled eastward and north-
ward, overlying the whole country, drinking
up the rivers, shearing ofli' the forests, and seiz-
ing a nightly holocaust of animal life in its de-
vouring maw. For ages, how long no one can
know, this great lava plain, first red and hot
and simmering, then black and cold, rending
itself into deep chasms in its slow cooling, lay
out under the stars without vegetable or animal
life, almost without springlet or dewdrop, to
cool or soften its black and rugged face. The
fires of the volcanoes at length burned lo«'.
The mountain summits cooled. A few stray
clouds floated over the Cascade range. A few
drops of rain touched the iron surface of the
earth with their imprisoned might. Showers fol-
lowed. The springs that fountain, rivers began
to bubble from beneath the cloven lava beds, and
search out an open way seaward through tlieir
broken chasms. And thus th6 changes of the
ages went on. The basalts were groimd to pow-
der in the mills of the streams. The old sur-
faces over which the lava had once spread, were
cut into valleys, hundreds of feet deep. Fecund
.soils were deposited. Vegetation sprang forth

I(i

niSToliV Oh' ORKGON.

ngain. Aiiinitkl life found food and drink Hod
shelter, imd Htill the clmnges went on. Froct
and snow and riiindrop and stormy winds and
burning suns wrought the miracK' of a new
genesis, leaving a field in winch Nature has
written tlie most legiltle and astonishing records
of her procesBes and her powers.

{'roceedinji; eastward from the points indi-
cated in the ])rec'ediiig paragraph, the Blue
monntain range |)resent8 a wonderful conglom-
eration ot hasalts, granite, slate, sandstone, with
vast Ueds of stratified sand and water-worn
graxel. In places one forniation predominates,
in other places some other formation, and then
again several of them apjtcar intermixed, or
overlying one another. It is evident that the
heat attending the volcanic action that lifted
this vast riilge to its present position was great
enough to cause perfect fusion in only n few
places; while yet tlie forces l)elow were mighty
enough to cause the wonderful and weird dis-
placements of the primitive rocks so often ar-
resting the observant eye in this wonderful
range. One hour the traveler among these
mountains will he passing over scoriated basalt,
or along cliifs of basaltic columns, the ne.xt
amo!ig great granite boulders or over gray
granite pinnacles, then over miles of aqueous
deposits in the form of stratified sandstone or
stratified beds of sand and gravel intermixed;
or ai'ain slate slopes and hillsides will arrest
his eye, until he is lost in the wilderment of
his strange surroundings.

The Blue mountains margin on the west the
great lava plains of Snake river valley. Only
a small part of that valley ia in the State of
Oregon, and it is hardly necessary to extend ob-
servations in regard to it. It may simply be
stated that the volcanic conditions, so plainly
marked in the Cascade and Blue mountains,
and the valley intervening between them, con-
tinue and are intensified as we enter the great
upper valley of Snake river, which lies mostly
in the State of Idaho, which wad once the
mightiest scene of volcanic action on the Amer-
ican continent, if not in the world. As a few_

miles only of this vast lava plain fall within the
limits of the State of Oregon, we can dismiss
its marvels with these few general statements.

Perhaps, however, we should not dismiss the
whole subject of the geology of this most inter-
esting region, with these general statements for
the lay reader, without some more distinctly
scientific d for the benefit of the more

technical er and student. For him geol-

ogy would >\,-,te about the following liistory of
the conditions and changes of untohl ages and
marvelous processes through which this won-
derful Oregon world was being formed.

For an immense period before the existence
of the Coast and Cascade Ranges of mountains,
the primeval ocean washed the western shores
of the great Rock monntain chain, and through-
out the palaeozoic era and the whole Triassic
and J uras.sic periods of the Mesozoicerannmer-
0U8 rivers kept bringing down debris until an
enormously thick mass of off-shore deposits
had accumulated. This marginal sea-bottom
became the scene of intense aqueous-igneous
action in its deeply buried strata, producing
aline of wrackness, which, yielding to the hori-
zontal thrust produced by the secular contrac-
tion of the interior of the earth, was crushed
together and swollen upward into the Cascade
and Sierra Nevada range at the close of tlie
Jurassic period. The range thus produced was
not of very great height. It existed for un-
known centuries; the scene of erosion and
plant-growth, roamed over by the now extinct
fauna of the ('retaceous and Tertiary periods.
It was coml)ed by forests of conifers and oaks.
Then followed the great lava-flow and uplift of
the mountain range of the modern Cascades.
Beneath the overlying lava, where the Colum-
bia breaks through the barriers of this great
range there is foun<l along the waters edge, and
for nearly twenty feet upward, a coarse con-
glomerate of rounded porphyritic pebbles and
boulders of all sizes up to six feet in diameter,
held together by an imperfectly lithified earthly
paste. Above the conglomerate is a very dis-
tinct, though irregular ground surface bed, in

UlSTOllY OF vitmoN.

wliiuli arc found silicitiud MtiiinpH witli routs ox-
tenditig twenty I'eet and penetrating into the
huiilder material l>eiieatli evidently in »itu. llest-
ing directly on this forest groiind-rturface, and
tiierefore inelusing the erect stuniptt, is a layer of
stratified Handstune, two or tlir«ie feet thick, tilled
with beiiiitiliil and |)orfect inipresdiouK of leaves
of several kinds of forest trees, possibly of the
very trees about whoso silicitied bases they are
found. Above this leaf- bearing stratum rests
a coarse conglomerate similiar to that be-
neath at the water level. Scattered about in
the lower part of this upper conglomerate, and
in the stratified sandstoue, and sometimes lying
in the dirt beneath it, fragments of silicitied
driftwood are found. Above this last co.i-
glomerate, and resting upon it, rise the layers
of lava, mostly columnar basalt, one above an-
other to a height of 3,000 feet. From these
facts the following order of oveuts are deduced:
The region of the Columbia river was a forest,
probably a valley, overgrown by coniters and
oaks. The subsoil was a coarse boulder drift
produced by erosion of some older rocks. An
excess of water came on, either by floods or
changes of level, and tile trees were killed, their
leaves shed and buried in mud, and their trunks
rotted to stumps. Then came on a tumultuous
and rapid deposit of coarse drift, containing
driftwood, which covered up the ground and the
still remaining stumps to a depth of several
iinndred feet. The surface thus formed was
eroded into hills and dales, and then followed
the outburst of lava in successive Hows, and tnc
silification of the wood and fermentation of the
drift by the percolation of the hot alkaline
waters containing silica. Finally followed the
process. of erosion by which the present streams,
channels and valleys, whetherniain or tributary,
are cut to their enormous depth. The great
masses of sediment sent down to the sea by the
erosion of the primary Cascade range, forming
a thick offshore deposit, gave rise in turn at the
end of the Miocene to the upheaval of the Coast
Range, the Cascade mountains being at the same
time rent along the axis into enormous fissures

from which out poured the grand lava Hoods,
building the mountains iiigiicr and t'overln<^
the country fur great dlKtanccs. This is proli-
ably the grandest lava flow known to geology,
covering as it does an area of not less than 200,-
000 square miles. It covers the greati-T portion
of north n California and northwcslurn Nev»da,
nearly tho whole of Oregon. Washington and
Idaho, and runs far into IVitisii Columbia on
the north. Its average thickness is 2,000 feet
and the greatest (shown where the Columbia,
Des Chutes, Snake and other rive^^ cut through
it) 4,000 feet. To produce this, many successive
flows took place, and great periods of time
ela]>sed during wiiicli this volcanic action con-
tinued. During the period of these Cascade
eruptions, the Coast range was being slowly ele-
vated, and became in turn the scene of local
volcanic action, though not very severe.

At last the great fissure eruptions drew to a
close. Tho ttssures became blocked up. The
volcanic action became confine<! to a few local-
ities. The period of crater eruptions followed.
This continued for a long time — almost to our
own day. These crater eruptions built up the
great snowy peaks.

By the formation of the Cascade a great in-
terior basin was made, the waters of which col-
lected into secondary reservoirs, some of very
large extent, and which were at length carried
ofT by. the rivers which have cut their way from
the interior to the sea. The Columbia and its
tributaries drained the northern part of this im-
mense basin, and at this period doubtless the
great Salt Lake of Utah found its outlet to the
sea by the Snake and Columbia rivers. Thence
came the lava floods, whose great Hows have
since been worn av -y in places, exposing the
tertiary and cretacious beds, and revealing the
former conditions of the region by the fossils
found therein. At the end of the Miocene the
lava flows from the Cascade fissures commenced,
but it was long before they reached the entire
extent of the basins of Oregon, which continued
to exist and be endowed with life well into the
Pliocene,

niSTORV OF OIlKdOS.

The ])riiici|ml forest beds of tlie State are liave left inarkeil evidences of tlieir existence.

tboBe of .lohn |)ay, I>es (JIuitew and (irande Such in the otory of tlie geologic agei* tliroii^li

Konde coiiiitrics and Uhristnias Lake in Hoiillicrn wiiieii and out of whidi ^row, out of the fonn-

()rei;on. Tiie (Hacial, Ghani|)lain and Sierra lettd and tiie vutil tiiiii wonderful Oregon.

epocitH are well illuHtrated in aeveral places, and j

■ ■■• "*(!,' I* •! • >*^ "*"

ciiAPTEit ir.

CLIMATE AND raoUUCTIONS.

I.vtr.i'K.NCK OK TiiK ToiMiiKAi'itY — Wkst OK Casoades — East ok tiik Casoadeb — Oceav OuKKjrNTs —
Tke.no ok the Vai,i.e\'8 — Pretailino Winds — Modikyino Facth- Ei.hVATioN of Intekiok — •
IlEAi.riiKti.NKss — PKonuiTioNs— IIow Detkbminek — Soii-8— - IJASAr/rir Pkkvaii.ino — Inex-
iiAisfriui.K.NESs — Son, ok Wim.ametie Vallev — I'ai'kk ok State CiiEMis'r — Pwjoutniutjs
Grains — Fruits — Meats^— Fish — (ioi.o Mineh — Iron — Timiikb.

CI.niATE.

5N writinj; of the climate of Oregon, if we can
persuade the reader to keep in mind the fact
that what is said of one division of tlie State
will not apply to any other division any more
than it woiilil to Greenland or Alabama, we
ghall have gone a long way toward making our-
iielves understood. Its topographical divisions
mark and differentiate its climatic conditions.

The climate of that part of Oregon extending
from the western slope of the Cascade mountains
to the Pacific ocean is equable, the thermome-
ter seldom rising above 90" in the hottest days
of the summer, nor falling below 20° in the
winter. It would be called moist, and yet a
registry of twenty years would not show more
than oiie-tliird of the days in which any moist-
ure fell, nor a greater average yearly rainfall
than Philadelphia; or from forty-four to fifty-
four inches, and that in the extreme northwest-
ern part of the State, which is the most humid
of all. Such are the equable climatic conditions
of this portion of the State that thunder-storins,
cyclones and tornadoes are unknown. Wlmt

makes the climato seem more humid than tha
of Piiiladelphia, or even of Iowa, is. the most
of the rainfall of its western valleys- -the Willa-
mette, Umpqua and Uogne river — occurs in the
four months from November to March, while
three or four months, from Jnne to (^ctol)€r,
arc almost entirely rainless.

Middle and eastern Oregon are much dryer,
hotter in summer and colder in winter, than the
western section. Probably from the eastern
slope of the Cascade mountains to the eastern
line of the State, in not one day in ten for the
year around is there any moisture-fall. Excep-
tions to this statement must be made in regard
to some of the valleys locked within the sum-
mits of the monntain ranges, where local causes
operate, especially during the spring and early
summer months, to produce a greater rainfall.
This region of deep valleys, and high, treeless
hills, intervaled with long, rolling slopes. covered
with grass, has spread out over it for days, and
even months together, a sky of clearest bine,
without a cloud to shade it, through which the
great sun rolls his ciiariot of fire by day, and in
whicli the stars of night glitter and Hash witli

llhtroKY iiF OHHdOS.

u brilliancy and lieiiuty iinriviilcd in any other
land. Tliu excuedin^ dryness and raret'actiuii
of I he atm(jH|)lmn' rertiiUinif tVoiii the j^reat aver-
u^i! elevation of the eonntry, niaktt therniomot-
rical changes a? nioBtunnotiuuahlu; and thoiiKhthu
mercury may mark 90'', or even 100". or may
fall to 0", or even to IH' bohjw, one little feels
the chango, and soon coroea to realize that to
htiman life these decrrees on the glass tube do
not indicate his own personal comforts or dis-
comforts at all.

Though the climatic conditiotis of these two
portions of the State are so diverse on the
meteorological record, each has its own '^pecific
elements of excellence, and the peorld who re-
side in each are loud in their jiraise of their
own. Hence wo conclude that bpth are alike
good, although their goodness is not alike.

A study of the climatology of Oregon will,
we think, disclose two predominant causes modi-
fying climatic conditions and giving the climate
in different sections its interesting and excellent
individuality. The first is the course and
strength of the warm oceanic current that
sweeps across the Pacific fro ,, die coasts of
Japan, and striking the American coai-t well up
toward the Arctic seas, sweeps southward, a
mighty ocean river, clear down the Oregon
coast, touching and roftening the air with its
warm and gentle breath. Not only does it
warm the atmospiiere above it, but it sends into
the welcoming skies an increased volume of
evaporation, which is borne eastward by the
warm southwestern winds, until these winds
touch the colder summits of the mountain
ranges, where their burden of moisture is con-
densed into raindrops which come down in
showers on tlie thirsty fields and plains. These
causes are perpetual, not accidental. They have
operated since che ocean rolled. While the con-
tinents stand above the floods of the seas they
must continue; and continuing, this must re-
main the most favored of landt:.

The other very obvious cause of this condi-
tion of climate is ihe trend of the valleys and
iiKuiiitain range." This, as our readers have

seen, is north antl south. This gives direction
to the land-winds, or rather to the sca-wimls
after they strike the land. Cniniiig rroiii the
South I'ucitic in the winter they lirst strike the
Oregon coast at an angle, pass over tlu* sum-
mits of the Coast Ilange and then iire lietlected
northward by the higher suniiuits of llie C!iis.
cade range and flow northward down the valley
oftho Willamette parallel to the coast, ('om-
ing from the west and nortliwesi in the i-ummer,
the very same physical obstnictioiis exactly re-
verse their flow and the siiinmcr currents are
from the north. I'revailing from each (luarter,
months at a time, from the north, the cool, dry
winds of the North Pacific, from the south, the
warm, humid winds of the South Pucific. iiud
thus deflected in exactly contrary courses at dif-
ferent seasons by her mountain ranges, wi-st-
ern Oregon is given her warm, humid winters
and her cool and comparatively dry summers by
causes easy to comprehend.

Eastward of the (liseade mountains the cli-
mate is modified mainly by two facts. First,
the winds that come over the tops of the Cas-
cade mountains in the winter have yiehled
nearly all their humidity in their contact with
these cold summits and thus fallen in rain on
their western slopes or in snow on their pinna-
cles. There is in thein no more humidity to
cotidense until they have taken it up again from
the comparatively slight evaporation from tiie
small rivers, like Des Chutes and John Day,
that are found eastward of that range. That is
very little, and it is easily carried by these
winds over the warm plane-surfaces until they
strike the cooler sides of the Blue moimtsins,
where condensation again occurs, and nearly the
last vestige of hnmidity the.se wind-currents
hold falls in snow upon the mountain tops.
While the mountain ranges trend in the same
direction as those farther west, and the general
direction of the atmospheric currents is the same
as there, they deal with an atmosphere already
unloaded of its moisture.

The second ol)vious fact is the greater eleva-
tion of the whole face of this interior region

IlISTOKY OF OltKUoS.

\\}

and litMicu tlu> ^ifiittfr mrity of tlio ntri)uH|)licro
and its ^roiitur uunHe(|Ueiit alMnrlxint power.
Till* iivfi'ii^c idtituilf ot' the interior plains of
Oregon in iiUdit 'J.otM) tWtt. Tlio touch of i(«
riiru mill thirHty iituioaphere to tho Hkin sceinx
even to snck uwiiy tho lliiidrt of the lK>ily. It
eould eiirtily drink np tlie lift- drops of h tlioii-
sand rivers and then not lH>ar tho weightot' va-
por thiit the l)<>nnin of the Paeitie yicidn to thene
name windu Itoforo they tonuh the ( )rcg(>ii tdiore
and are lightened of their iturdenof tlocnl hy the
hard wrench of the Cascade nioniitain tops.
Here, a* in western Oregon, eliniatii; caiiBes
are pertnanent as the continent, and tiiis will
he the dry, an that will be the wet portion of tho
Slate forever.

Art to healthfidnorts, the Stati* inis all thecoii-
(litionA of it tiri)t-clat)H sanitarium. Its atnios-
pliere west of tiie Cascaile mountains has
everywhere tho tein|)ered coolness that v\'ould
naturally come from proximity to the ocean. It
bears still tho fragrance of the ileop, untainted
hy any exhalations from fetid swamp or reeking
morass. It has taken halm front tho pine and
tho fir of tiie mountains and hills, and ho touches
the spriiifis of human life with a freshening
and invigorating force. The mountain ranges
of the State, with their groat snowy cones, are
almost in touch with the tides of tho sea, so
that tho denser air of the sea level, or the rarer
atmosphere of tho mountain lieights are always
accessible as the needs or pleasure of the peo-
ple require. East of the Cascade mountains
the apparent conditions aro somewhat ditt'erent,
while at the same time the same general liealth-
fulnes.- is found; with no local causes for fevers
or agues these are almost unknown there. Its
dry, light atmosphere is a panacea for pulmon-
ary taint. Without burdening our readers with
health statistics we give il as the observation of
many years, and extending over tho whole
country from seashore to most distant mount-
ain crest, that, on the whole, no more healthful
land lies under the stars than this.

I'lloDUOTIOMH.

What a State is or what it is capable of In-
coming depends altogether upon on what it is
capable of producing to meet the wants of its
own people, and supply the markets of the
world. A desert nniy have, and generally does
have, sunn) skitts, hut it is none the less a
desert for these.

The |>ro<luctiotis of a (country are determined
by three things: Its latitu<le, its soil and its
climate. Tho latter we have already so treated
that it is not necossary to do more in this i)lace,
than to refer the reader to that treatment.

Oregon lies lietwecn the 42d and 4(lth degrees
of north latitude. This, geographically, places
it exactly west of Mew York, Michigan, tho
northern half of Iowa and the southern half of
Minnesota. While this is true geographically,
its isothermal lines arc coincident with those of
the southern part of tiie Virginia coast al)out
the month of (Jliesapeake Bay. This high lati-
tude, and these low isothermal lines ought to
give Oregon a very wide range of production;
and, if its soil is as good as its isothermal and
geographical positions are favorable, it ought to
lie one of the most productive regions of the
earth in those things that are most needed and
most used in the marts of the world. Let us
see how this is.

To give our readers a fair understanding of
the soils of Oregon it will only be necessary to
speak of them under two heads: The Iwsaltic
soils, and the alluvial soils.

The basaltic are the prevalent and character-
istic soils of Oregon. They may be said to be al-
most exclusively the soils of all that portion of
tho State lying east of the Cascade mountains.
In addition, they are the soils of the mountain
tops and slopes, especially on the oast side of
Willamette river. These soils are formed by the
decomposition of vast masses of lava; by the
action of atmospheric influences or by chemical

UIHTOHY Oh' OKKtlO.W

•t

torccH, until, over the yut timlorlying ItaMiilt, aru
(le|M>«itcil il(5tot)iii|Ki8iti(>n of tli(!>*e nieks iu /titit.
TIiIh Hoil coiitaiim all tlit< cluiiietitH of fertility.
Evury niialygiH iiiiulu of it — and tiieie have been
liiunli'tMls --sh(»WM the pronmico of liini", iiia^nu-
ttia, silica iiikI otiii^r U<8r« iinpurtiiiit inirivralH,
Hiul thet*e made up the soil ax it exitttfl Inifore
vt'^i'tatloii hu^aii to ^row ipon it. The natural
coiirw' (if thin vi'f^i'tatior, from lifn to death,
from coheHiun to decompi'Hiton, r<<Hiilted in the
addition of or^^anic matte; to thin original noil,
thiiH greatly incriMsing itn adaptability to new
and vastly (greater ;|rowtli«. The decay of the
roc kg was hastened by the presence of this de-
posit of docomposed vegetation, and thus tiio
formation of soil went the more rapidly un.
Such soil, as we may conclude from the cir-
cumstances and manner of its formation, is in-
exhaustible in its fertility, inaBinuch as tiie
materials exist beneath it in the underlying
base, and about it in the great basaltic hills
for its reproduction. From beneath, the prog-
ress of removal is constantly quickened by
the process of tillage. From about it the ele-
ments are constantly doitig their work. The
forces that are stronger than the basaltic column
that are shut up in the rain and the dew, in the
frost ami the snow, in the sunbeam and fn the
shadow are constantly cleaving down and grind-
ing into tinoJt powder the billslopes and
the mountain precipices. The streamlets bore
it down over the slopes, and the winds floated it
in refined and impalpable dust tu the leaf-lungs
of every tree, to the petals of every rose, to the
roots of every vine, and everywhere it became
the vital food of the richest vegetable life.

The soil of thelevel portions of the Willamette
valley, as well as that of a few other valleys of
smaller extent, is alluvial, being brought to its
present position by the agency of water. It
varies greatly in depth, being from a few inches
to many feet. Its quality is generally excellent.
It is made up of the washings from the hills,
aided by decomposed organic matter. These
washings from the hills are, of course, of the

saii.e composition a* the soil of the hill«, that is,
basaltic Hn<l sandstotie. The«e alluvial soils are
usually described as loam; a term of very wide
range, but generally conveying the meaning of
a soft, friable, easily wrought mixture of sand
and clay. I^oam here is deriveil from a mixture
of basaltic soils, washed tlown from the mount-
ains, furnishing the clayey basis and decom-
posed granite, gneiss or sandstone furnishing the
sand, 'i'his soil is often found to rest on a clay
or marl oubsoil, and can be de|)ended upon to
respond to the culture and seed of the husband-
man with a bountiful harvest.

The views of the writer in regard to the origii)>
and character of the soils of ( >rcgon, as ex pressed
in this chapter, are confirmed liy Chemist (J. W.
Shaw of the Oregon Agricultural Kxperiinent
Station, who, in Noveml)er, 1802, in setting
forth the results of experiments made after
tracing tiie origin of soils, and quoting some
tables to give an idea of their composition, says
of the Oregon soils:

The State, comprising an area of 90,000 square
miles, lies between 117 degrees and 125 degrees
west longitnile and 42 degrees and 46 degrees
north latitude. It is naturally divided into east-
ern and western Oregon by the Cascade mount-
ains. The eastern portion is about 3,000 feet
atx)ve the level of the sea, and embraces about
two-thirds of the State. That part of the State,
together with a part of Washington, often goes
by the name of the '' Inland Empire, '' since it
is so surrounded by various mountain systems.
The west'jrn portion may well be divided into a
northern and southern portion, the first of which
comprises the great Willamette valley and a por-
tion of the Coast mountains. Throughout the
entire western portion of the State there is a
multitude of small streams furnishing an ample
flow of water during the entire season. Tlie
Willamette valley, embracing about 5,000,000
acres, is by far the largest valley in the State.
It is about 130 milee in length by sixty in width,
and extends from a low range of hills on the
south (Calapooias) to Portland on the north.
To show how well watered is this valley, it may'

UlSTOliY OF OHKdON.

Iti

be stated tliat over forty streams feed tlie Willam-
ette in its course, and the stream is navigalile
for at)oiit 100 miles from itsmoiitli.

The soils of this valley may be classified un-
der two general heads, viz.: Thoki of the foot-
hills and those of tlie bottom lands extending
on each bank of the river. The former com-
prise a belt of rolling land extending nearly
around the prairie and merging into the
mountains. The prevailing soils are of" basaltic
origin mixed with more or less sandstone soil on
the west side. The purely basaltic soils are
mostly confined to the hilltops where they are
generated. All the " bottom land " is of alluvii.l
nature and varies greatly in depth, from a few
inches to many feet. It is made up of the wash-
ings from the hills and consists, as one would
infer from the above, of a decomposed volcanic
substance, somewhat basaltic in nature, mixed
with sind and a large amount of alluvial deposit
and vegetable mold or "humus," the last-
named substance being the more abundant in
this portion of the State because of the larger
rainfall.

SOir.S OF VOLCANIC OKIOIN.

It is a fact noticed in Italy long ago. and borne
out by the experience in this northwest, that the
soils of volcanic origin are of an unsurpassed
fertility. The basalt from which much of the
soil in Oregon is derived is not like most rocks
in respect to its makeup for it contains, from
the very nature of the case, the fertilizing in-
gredients of a combination of rocks. Hasalt is
u complex mineral and a type of basic rocks. It
is a very dark, almost black, rock, exceedingly
hard and quite heavy; mineralogically it is made
up of plagioclase (a soda-lime feldspar) augite,
and olivine; it also nearly always contains more
or less magnetic iron ore and other minerals.
The coarser grained basalts are known as dol-
erytes and the tine grained anamesyte. Chemi-
cally the rock contains silica, lime, potash, soda,
magnesia, oxides of iron and manganese, and
alumina. There is one quite notable feature as
to one of the mineral ingredients of basalt —an -

gite — that it not infrequently contains consid-
erable phosplnric anhydride (P2()5'), occurring
ill a crystalline form as apatite. Of such an oc-
currence one writer has said:

"While such crystals scattered in the soil may
be somewhat refractory in dissolution, yet the
mechanical and chemical process of soil forma-
tion n.ust have supplied an abundance of finely
pulverized mineral ('floats') available for the use
of vegetation."

The chemical composition of this rock from
which has been derived the greater portion of
our soils explains why the apparently barren
soils ol the eastern portion of the State, when
8 ijiplied with tlie necessary moisture, are so
very productive. In spite of the fact that some
of the books published state that basalt forms
soil very slowly, ye'i the rocks are really fragile
and short-lived. They appear to be dense and
lasting, but being complex in structure and con-
taining a considerable amount of protoxide of
iron, which is capable of further oxidation, and
this quite rapidly, forming a sesquioxide, the
bonds of the minerals are loosened and the rocks
break up. At the foot of every basaltic cliff is
found •■. pile of debris and all over the basalt
country this crumbling proceeds regularly and
comparatively rapid. These rocks are of recent
geological origin and doubtless represent the
same tii-ie as tlioee forming the Sierra Nevadas,
the material being deposited in the Jura- Trias
and elevated as mountains in the middle of the
Mesozoic, while the formation of the Coast Kange
did not occur till about the end of the Middle
Tertiary or Miocene, the place of the range hav-
ing a marginal sea bottom and received sedi-
ment from the beginning of the Cretaceous.
At the end of the Miocene this mii.riginal sea
bottom yielded to pressure and swellr-d up into
the Coast Range of t.- day. This inclosed between
it and the Cascade range an immense body of
water, which after a time became fresh, giving
fresh-water sediment. These alluvisd deposits
were elevated and drained off, tlie Willamette
valle} being the latest to become land. These
changes just mentioned, however, were not the

l^?

uisToitr ov oHEaoN.

ones wliicli primarily gave us tiio iininense
quantities of Ijaaalt, but ratiier tiie great lav<il
overflow, and the lesser and subsequent ones,
wliicli covered tiie whole of northern California,
a great part of Oreijan, Washington and Idaho,
and extending into Nevada, the violence of this
volcanic tire and molten lava destroying and
blotting out all forms of vegetable and animal
life. The entire northwest being covered from
twenty-five to 100 feet deep in volcanic ashes.
The lava beds where the great Columbia river
has made its cut show a depth of about 3,000
feet. Over this entire Held are found numerous
extinct volcanoes, which for some time con-
tinued to belch forth their molten contents, those
of the more recent activity being Mounts Hood,
St. Helens, Pitts, Adams, Jefferson and Cow-
horn Peak.

The above all represent marine deposits, while
in both the southern and eastern portions of the
State there are numerous localities showing fresh
water lake deposits. During the laying down
of much of this alluvial soil the ocean extended
up the Columbia river, forming an immense
sound, which is shown, not only by numerous
beach marks, but also frou; the successive ter-
races. An extensive bay, the deposits of which
formed the present subsoils of the region of For-
est (trove, Hillsboro, etc., covered these places
to a considerable depth.

IN SOUTHWESTERN OBEOON.

As we pass into the southern division of west-
ern Oregon, Mesozoic strata are prominent, and
during this time nearly all of southern Oregon
was probably under water, and not less than
3,000 feet of sediment was deposited, covering
nearly all the entire region of the Rogue, Co-
quille and the U'upqua rivers, the water being
drained off probably early in the Miocene, if not
before. Between the Umpqua and Rogue rivers,
toward the south, the formation is chiefly meta-
inorphic slate and quartzite, while to the north
there is much conglomerate and slate with more
or less serpentine; the latter is very abundant

on the South I'tnpqua. To show the depth of
the.se strata, a well bored 175 feet, near Jackson-
ville, failed to reach beyond the sediment of the
tertiary. As the rocks, so the soils here are
quite varied, and it is not uncommon to And a
half dozen different soils on 160 acres. The
predominating soil of this portion seems to be
a red clay, which terminates in the high plateaus.
Rlack loams, with vegetable debris, are found
along the principal valleys, where granite soil
is not uncommon,
miss sadie

WESTERN OREOON.

The soils of Benton county in general resem-
ble those of the other portions of the Willam-
ette valley, especially those of Polk county.
The prairie bottoms are of a rich dark loam for'
the most part. There is (juite a body of what
is called "white land," which is found in vari-
ous lowlands of the valley. It is a heavy
whitish clay, destitute of natural drainage. The
great trouble with the land is excessive mois-
ture, but where well drained it seems to give
fairly good results. The hill lands are of a
reddish soil of excellent physical condition for
working and offer most excellent soils for fruit.
The bottom soils are made up of tlie washings
from the nills added to the clays and loams
from the former sedimentary deposits.

Lane county has an area of about 7,000
square miles, with an average breadth of about
fifty miles, and being about three times this
distance in length. About three- fourths of this
county is hilly and mountainous. The table or
hill lands bordering the valleys seem to be quite
fertile, and produce well when brought under
cultivation. A satnple of this soil is the only
one yet examined from this county, and whether
il will show as low percentage in potash as this
is somewhat doubtful. The soil is a sandy
loam, and covers several sections in the foot-
hills south of Eugene. Farther up the hills the
soil becomes coarser, and is underlaid with soft
sandstone, which crumbles on short exposure-
The vege'.ition is oak and wild grasses. Tiie

■ M

IIISroHY oil- OREGON.

soil evidently 1ms a, good natural drainage, and
is easily worked. The dry lumps crush easily
between the fingers, and the soil does not he-
come very sticky when wet. It is a soil that
has been planted to t'r it considerably of late.
The physical condition of the soil would seem
to warrant this, but the low percentage of pot-
ash would indicate that for the best results this
ingredient will be needed in a few years. The
county is abundantly supplied with streams and
springs. Considerable swale land is found in
some parts of the county, mainly white land,
but with good drainage can be made produc-
tive. Taking Eugene as a starting point,
then going west about six miles, is a low
range of hills. From here we can look north
for about twenty-four miles over a rich prairie,
through which llows the Willamette river, the
course of which is rendered more visible by the
groves of palm, maple and shrubs. The hill
land of the principal portion begins about
twenty miles west from Eugene, and is largely
covered with tir timber — in fact the whole re-
gion abounds in forests of lir, hemlock and
cedar.

In Linn county there are only about 1,300
square miles that is suitable for agricultural
purposes. " The arable portion of tlie county
is about evenly divided into prairie and rolling
land. The prairie is not a dead level, but
slightly undulating, affording plenty of slope
for good drainage to the Willamette river, which
bounds the county on the west along the wliole
length. The soil of the prairie lands is a rich,
dark, clayey loam, of the general character of
that of the whole Willamette valley." For
the mosi part the soils are sandstone and basal-
tic. About the Santiam country the formations
are porphyiitic and granitic, which are a con-
tinuation of similar rocks to the noith and
south — a part of the same that outcrops, on the
west of the Cascades.

KA8TEBN OKKOON.

Only two soils have been as yet analyze<I from
eaetern Oregon. The soil is of a very tine

texture. It is a light gray soil, which darkens
slightly on moistening. It is abundantly sup-
plied with potash, but phosphoric acid is defi-
cient. Tlie main growth is bunchgrass and
sagebrush, and to one unacquainted with its
peculiarities, the soil would not be considered
favorably, although experience shows that the
soils of this same character produce well, pro-
vided they are given moisture.

PKODUOTS.

The agricultural productions of Oregon may
be considered as including all the grains, vege-
tables and fruits of the temperate latitudes, ex-
tending, in some places, into the semi-tropical
productions. Wheat has been considered the
staple cereal, not because it grows more luxu-
riantly than oats or barley, but because it bears
transportation to foreign ports. Its average
yield per acre, with good cultivation, may be
set down as not far from twenty-five bushels;
many fields reaching as high as fifty. Its qual-
ity is very superior; and such is the hospitality
of the climate to this cereal that, in the fifty
years in which it has been cultivated in the
Willamette valley, there has never been re-
corded a failure of a fair crop. Oats and bar-
ley are also certain to return a good yield to
the husbandman, reaching often fifty to seventy-
five bushels to the acre, and probably averaging
thirty. Corn thrives fairly well, but has never
been a favorite grain with the Oregon farmer,
as wheat and barley are much more easily pro-
duced. I'eas and beans yield abundant crops.
Of the grasses, timothy is the favorite on the
alluvial soils and clover on the basaltic. Hotli
yield largely; clover especially giving large re-
turns, as it will always offer two cuttings in a
season.

In regard to fruit, Oregon is the home of the
apple, pear, plum, prune, v,;ierry, currant, and
all kinds of berries; there probably being no
spot on earth where they grow to greater per-
fection, or yield more abundantly. In many
places also, notably in southern Oregon, and

n
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2

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g l ig! )/ ' ! l| ji »i |^ <)|»ii '■

HISTORY OF OREGON.

also in eastern Orej^oii, along the iin mediate
shores of the CoUunbia, and other streams, as
well as in favored localities in any part of the
country, this may also be said of the peach and
the grape.

Wl)at has been said of the grains and grasses,
and fruits is equally true of all kinds of vegeta-
bles. It would be a waste of space to specify
their kinds, and it is enough to say that in all
these are produced from the soil for the support
of man or beast, if Oregon does nof lead the
States of the American Union in variety, in
average quantity per acre, and in the quality of
the product, we have failed to read the record
of the agricultural industry of the country
aright.

In the food productions of the State must be
counted meats — domestic and game — and fish.
Of game, there are deer and elk, which inhabit
the mountainous portions of the State in con-
siderable numbers, and during the open season
are found in the markets of Portland and other
cities in considerable abundance. Wild geese,
brant, duck, pheasants, grouse, and quail are very
abundant. The bays and rivers are abundantly
supplied with all varieties of fish; the lordly sal-
mon being taken in uncounted numbers. The
mountain streams are all supplied with the
finest of trout, while the deep sea gives up to
the tables of the people almost a surfeit of its
tinny tribes. It would be easy to give our
readers tabulated statements of the astonishing
yield of the variety of human food, but we
judge this general statement will better serve
the purposes of this work.

It would take a volume to give a description
of the vast mineral resources of the State,
whereas we can give them little more than a
paragraph as evidence that we have not foigot-
ten nor overlooked them.

Extensive gold min6s have been worked in
southern Oregon since 1849. The placer mines
of liogne river have yielded tens of millions of
dollars of the precious metals, and many of
them are yet profitably worked. Eastern Ore-
gon, since 1862, has closely followed, if, indeed,

it has not exceeded southern Oregon in gold
productions. Tiie mines of Grant and Bake*
counties have ranked amoi>g the best of the
Pacific coast for thirty years. Though the old
placers have been considered practically ex-
hausted, yet new ones are from time to time
discovered, and a very large ami^^nt of gold is
yet annually produced from them. In addition
to the placer mines, quartz gold mines and sil-
ver mines are worked, and there is a large out-
put of gold and silver from them.

The iron mines of the State are of great ex-
tent, and yield ore of a very high quality, ranked
among the best of the United States. The
market for their product has been so limited,
as yet, that but comparatively little smelting
has been done; but the quality of the iron pro-
duced has been so superior, and the quantity
that might bo produced is so nearly unlimited,
that it is obviovs this is very soon to be one of
the greatest productive industries of Oregon.
Coal of a fair, even good, quality, underlies
great extents of country in southwestern Ore-
gon, and indications of it appear in many other
place?, but as yet it has not been extensively
mined.

In the productions of Oregon, timber takes a
staple place. With the exception of Washing-
ton, there is no State -of the Union that can
rival Oregon in the excellence and abundance
of its building material. Washington being
exactly like Oregon in location and climate
is just its equal in the character and abundance
of its timber growths. The very king of lum-
ber trees is the fir of the mountains and foot-
hills, and river and bay margins of Oregon and
Washington. Whole forests of these magnifi-
cent trees frequently average 250 feet in height,
and from four to six feet in diameter; while
trees 350 feet high and from eight to ten feet
in diameter are not unfreqnently found. The
trees grow almost perfectly straight, and it is
no unusual thing to see them seventy-five or a
hundred feet from the ground to the first limb.
The timber is sawed into any length the archi-
tect may desire for any use of the builder's art.

innTOItY OF OltmioN.

The luinbor is straight, strontj, ekstic; better
suited to the solid friime-worli of Uifty editicus,
and lonir spans of liridujus and trestle-work,
than any other. The lumber produced from
the yellow lir is incomparably (ine.

Cedar, very large in growth and excellent in
quality for linisliinir material, also abonnds. It
cli>sely follows the tir in size, and though not at
all suitable for frame- work, it takes a beautiful
polish, and either when done in natural colors
or painted there is nothing superior to it for
the inner finishing of houses. Oak. ash, niajde,
alder — which is here quite a large tree; spruce,
tamarack, laurel, and other woods, make up a
tine variety for all the njes of service or orna-
ment to wdiich it needs to be applied. In its

timber alone. Oregon has an untold hoard of
wealth for future generations. It is likely that
the growth of the standing forests of Oregon
has exceeded the consumption of lumber, if, in-
deed it lias not exceeded the distinction of tim-
l)er from all causes, during tlie fifty years since
settlements were begun by the whites.

With this generalized stateuient of the
topography, geology, climate and productions
of Oregon, we bring this section to a close, as-
suring the reader that, if we have not dealt in
figures iii making this showing, it is not because
they were not easily obtained, but Iwcause we
judge these general facts will better serve the
pur])08es for which the. ordinary reader will
peruse this volume.

-^■%(ii:iii->^-

CHAI'TER III.

THE INDIANS OF OREGON.

Data TuAorridNAr, — Fiusr Ilici.rAiii.E Accounts — Live Facts — Ueasons^Ixdians ok thk
Coast — Indians of tue Inieriok— Want ok Pkoouess — Lewis and Clakke's Account-
Few Divisions — Indians of the Willamette Valley — Of Kooue River — Ok Pi-qet
SorsD — The Klamath.! — Klikitats — Cavises --Nez Pek(^e8 -Siioshones — Comparison —
TuK Walla Wallas — Theik (Jukat Ciiiek — Yei.leit — I'uupumoxmox.

lO^IE notice of the original inhabitants of
Oregon is due the reader of this book;
even though that notice must necessarily
be short and its data largely traditional. With-
out a written language of any kind, unless it
was the use of the rudest and most barbarous
symbols, they have passed away and left no re-
corded history: without architecture, except
that which exhausts its genius in the construc-
tion of a skin wigwam or a bark lodge, they
have died and left no monuments. Traditions
concerning them are too confused, contradictory
and uncertain to satisfy any wlio desire reliable
history.

Any real information at all reliable concern-
ing them began with the publication of the
journal of the exploring expedition of Lewis
and tMark in 1804 and 1805; and then observa-
tions, especially west of the Cascade mountains
were so limited that they could not have come
into personal contact with any of the tribes of
the Willamette valley, nor with the tribes that
inhabited the region about Puget sound. Those
east of the Cascades, inhabiting on the Columbia
and J-ower Snake rivers, and thence inland to
the liocky mountains, they saw and learned
more about. Incidental notices of various tribos
have been given to the world by other explorers

HIHWRY OF OliEQON.

1111(1 travelers, but not very iiiucli that liave been
written concerning tluMn was not the ascertain-
ings of ])atient and continued personal investi-
gation, nor yet the impressions of any exten<led
personal contact, but the chance and hasty
gatherings of unreliable traditions, or, what
was even less to be ilepended on than this, the e.\-
aj^gi'i'ated recitals of some wild camp-tire stories.
All these, of course, have a value as literature,
and occupy an interesting place in romantic
story, but their ratm as history is not great;
and it is this that we are endeavoring to give
our readers.

When these people were first brought under
the study of civilized men, two facts distinctly
marked them: One was that the tribes east oi
the Cascade mountains had very dittereut men-
tal and physical qualities from those residing
west of that range. The other was, that there
was no form or semblance of civilization of
any ciiaracter among them; tliev were ae en-
tirely savage and barbarous as the tribes of
" darkest Africa."'

For this first fact the marked difference in
the climate, productions and consequent modes
of living necessary for them, furnish a reason,
if not the reason.

West of the Cascade mountains the climate
was soft, moist; and its indigejious productions
were those that a rich soil would send forth
in such a climate. It was a region of large,
deep rivers; of numerous bays and inlets from
the ocean extending far inland, all filled with
fish of the finest and richest quality, easily
taken, and hence inviting to a life of effortless
indolence and ease. It was a lowland region,
largely covered with a forest of firs and pines,
and cedars and spruce, with an undergrowth of
maple and alder and dogwood and laurel; with
vines and shrubs innumerable and thorny;
making the forests almost impenetrable. This
character of forests pushed up to, and in places
into, the prairies of the Willamette valley, com-
pelling anrong the aborigines a life in the
canoe instead of on horseback, and a living of
fat, oily fish instead of alert and sinewy game.

Hence they were short of stature; heavy and
broad and fat of body; indolent and sluggish
in movement; without alertness or perception
of mind; indolent and inaet'ive in all their
habits; sleeping away nearly all but the little
time that was reqisite for them to throw their
barbed harpoon into the shining side of the
salmon that swam on the shoals and sands of
the rivers and bays along which they thus
droned away their meaningless life, and the
few additional moments required to boil or
roast it sutticient to gratify their uncultured
appetite.

East of the Cascade mountains the country
was a high, rolling, mountain prairie, averaging
from one to six thousand feet above the tides
of the ocean. The streams are rapid, boiling
torrents. The climate was dry and the natural
ve<retable i)roduction8 were minimized: it was
almost a desert. It furnished abundance of grass
for grazing, and its vast distances of hill and
plain required their use for locomotion. Hence
these tribes were equestrian, rather than semi-
aquatic like the tribes of the lower rivers and
sea inlets. The mountains were covered with
open and scattering forests of pine, with occa-
sional groves of fir and tamarack, almost with-
out undergrowth, through and over which the
horseman could ride almost unhindered in any
direction. The game, such as elk, deer, ante-
lope, bear, buffalo, mountain sheep and goats,
ranged both plain and mountain; furnishing
the chief food of the tribes that inhabited this
region. To take it, however, required activity,
cunning, courage, and hence developed a tall,
stalwart, erect, active race of men; lithe and
springy as a panther; which animal indeed,
many of the cay use and Nez Perces would re-
mind the observant traveler of by the quick
stealthiness of their movement, the restless,
penetrating glance of their eye that caught
every quivering motion of leaf or feature; the
sensitiveness of their ear, that missed no snap of
twisr, or tread of foot; and their ever-tensioned
sinews ready for the spring of attack or the
speed of the flight.

nisToiir OF oHEnoN.

Tliese facts murk the iliffereiu'es, pliysii'iil
ami inuiital. betwti'ii the interior and cuast, or
liijjliland and lowland tribes.

As to the other fact, the utter absence of any
form of civilization, and the complete barbarism
of these tribes, little more can be said than to
state it.

Civilization means proifress. In all places on
the earth the dej;rec of civilization, if any, that
has marked the history of a people, has been
determined by writinifs or montnnontal re
mains. Not a vestige of either exists here.
How long these Indian tribes have existed,
whence' they came, what is the story of their
life, can only be answered by conjecture.
When that is done other conjecture answers
that, and so our in(juirie8 close where they be-
gan, not in uncertainty only, but in entire
ignorance. It cannot be said that these* have
no capability of progress, only that tliey had
made none. They had evolved no civilization
out of themselves, ind, if their ancestors, here
or elsewhere, ever had any they had loVt it out
of life and out of the tendencies of their life.
So far as we know the Indian of 1800, on the
Pacitic coast, was the living petrifaction of his
remotest father. He slept in the same smoky
Avigwara. He hunted with the same sinewed
iiow. There was literally no progress, and be-
ing no progress he had no civilization. The
ages of God had been thrown away upon liiui.
He was here, not an animal merely, but so far
as the betterment of his race, or the world in
which that race lived, was concerned, an animal
only. Such he was when he came to the ob-
servation of civilized man; of the man of
progress; of conquering and subduing power,
who had not, like thesy tribes, thrown away the
ages that God had given him. With these gen-
eral observations in regard to the Indians of
Oregon, we give some more particulijr account
of them.

The first account of the Indians of western
Oregon was given in the journal of the expedi-
tion of Lewis and Glarke, we give an extract,
using the orthography of the journal, and put-

ting the more modern orthography of the names
of tribes and jilaces in brackets, so that the
reader may better identify them.

Of the Willamette valley and its tribes the
journal says:

"The natives who inhabit this fertile region
are very numerous. The Wapatoo inlet extends
three hundred yards wide for ten or twelve
miles, where it receives the waters of a small
creek, whose sources are not far from those of
the Killimuck [Tillatnook] river. On that creek
reside the Clackstar nation, a people of twelve
hundred souls, who subsist on tish and wapatoo,
and who trade by means of the Ivilliniuek river
with that nation on the coast. Lower down tlie
inlet, toward the Columbia, is the tribe called
the Cathlocamup. On the sluice, which connects
the inlet with the Multnomah [ Willamette |, are
the tribes Cathlanahquah and Cathlacomatup;
and on Wapatoo [Sauries] Island, Clannainina-
mun and ('lahnai|uah. Immediately opposite,
on the iiortlr side of the Columbia, are the
Quathlapotles and the Shotos. All these tribes,
as vvci; as the Cathlahaws, who live lower on the
river and have an old village on Deer Island,
may be considered parts of the great Multnomah
nation, which has its principal residence on
Wapatoo island, near the mouth of the large
river to which they give their name [Multnomah
or now Willamette]. Forty miles above its
junction with the Columbia it receives the waters
of the Clackamas, a river which may be traced
through a wooded and fertile country to its
source in Mount Jefferson, almost to the foot
of which it is navigable for canoes. A nation
of the same name resides in eleven villages on
the borders; they live chieHy on grass and roots,
which abound in the (!lackamas and along its
banks, though they sometimes descend to the
Columbia to gather wapatoo, where tiiey cannot
be distinguished by dress, or nninners, or lan-
guage from the tribes of the Multnomahs. Two
days journey from the Columbia, or about twenty
miles beyond the entrance to the Clackamas, are
the fails of the Multnomah. At this place are
the permanent residences of the Cushooks and

HISTORY OF OBEQON.

("Imlieowalis. two tribes who are iittractiMl to
timt Ity tlio tisl), rikI liy the coiiveiiiemM- of trad-
in>r across the inoiuitiariH hikI <h)Wii the Killi-
iiMick river, and with the nation of Killorniicks,
from whom tliey ](rociire train oil. These falls
are oc('asione<l by the passage of a high range
of nionntains, Iteyoiid which the country
Btretches into a high level ])lain, wholly dcBti-
tnte of timber. Ab far as the Indians, with
whom we conversed, had ever penetrated that
country, it was inhal)itcd by a nation called (Jal-
lejioewah, a very numerous people, whose vil-
lages, nearly forty in number, are scattered
along each side of the Multnomah, which furn-
ishes them their chief subsistence — fisli and the
roots along its banks."

This quotation, taken from the journal of an
expedition, especially charged by the (iovern-
inent with the work of obtaining correct and
reliable information about the regioii of the
Columbia, and tlie tribes inhabiting its vi-
cinty shows clearly how little dependence can
be placed on what i.s learned by a mere cursory
passage through a country, or from the stories
of a savage people. Lewis atid Clarke saw noth-
ing of the Willainette valley, and did not even
discover the entrance of the river, half a mile
wide, into the Columbia until their return voy-
age, and then they passed without entering it.
The Indian nations of whicli they speak were
only clans — hardly tribes. How little the In-
dians themselves knew of the country, and how
unable they were to communicate that little,
are nhown by the great inaccuracy of the geog-
raphy and topography of the Willamette valley
given in tiie foregoing extract. The mouth of the
Clackamas river is twenty, instead of forty, miles
from the Columbia, and the falls are three in-
stead of twenty miles above that. The "high
range of mountains" which are said to "occa-
sion" the falls are but a low basaltic ridge,
which here formed across tiie valley when in a
fiis(>(l state, aljout a mile wide and two or three
hundred feet high. Through this the river has
cut its way, draining the basin of a great lake,
which once occupied a considerable part of the

Willam(!ttc valley. We mention these things
simply to show why we do not follow and
transcribe upon these pages the recitals of
those who wrote as history so much that was
purely imagiinition.

'I'liere w<'re really but a few divisions of the
Indian people in lower Oregon !U)rth of the
Calla|)0oia mountains, including the valley of the
Columbia on both sides of the stream, and the
valley of the Willamette river. These were
the Cliinooks, whose territory extended from
the Cascades of the Columbia to the ocean on
both sides of that stream, and extended up the
Willamette to, and including the falls. Then,
inhabiting the Willamette valley to the sununit
of the Callapooia range, and from the Coast
Kange to the foothills of the Ciscades were the
Callapooias. The Molalla tribe held a terri-
tory on the western slope of the (Cascade range
along the heads of all the streams that How into
the Willamette from the east, an<l extending on
the crests of the (cascades to lieail waters of the
streams that flow into the Des Chutes river
On the coast west of the Willamette valley
were the Tillamooks, hardly to be distinguished
from the Cliinooks, whose country bounded theirs
on the north. South of the Callapooia mount-
ains and inhabiting the Um|i<jua valley from
its head to the sea were the Umpqiias. South
of these, in the Rogue river valley, and continu-
ing into California were the Shastiis. North of the
Columbia and west of the Cascades tribal bound-
aries and distinctions were less marked. The
Cowlitz band occupied the valli'y of the river of
that name and were closely allied to the Clii-
halis band, who occupied that river and the coun-
try about Gray's Harbor. The Nisqually tribes
held the country about the head of Admiralty
inlet. West of Admiralty inlet and south of
the straits of Fuca were the Clallams, besides
which a band known by several appellations oc-.
cupied the remainder of the coast southward to
the country of the Chinool.s. All these tribes
in varying degree had the peculiarities we
have already described as belonging to the In-
dians of the " lowlands."

HISTORY OF OREaoN.

Kii-t of tlic Ca.-caile iiioiiiitniiM liegiiiniiii^ in
tlie tiiHitli were tin' Klairiatlis, wliii'li. us ii im-
tiiiii, may liu iMiisiiliTt'il iis iiiuliidiiii^ the Modocs.
They iiiliiihit ii iHi-f^e iv^iidi aroiiixl the Ivluiii-
ntli lakos, tlieir (•(Uiiitry fXtiMidiiii; northward
to ilie lieadwatei* of tlie Def Chutes river and
the territory of the Wiiseopninti, wliose country
hiy iiloiiif till- cnstrrn sIo|h" of tiie (Jaseadefi and
extended to the Columbia river. North ol
this \VH^ the Iviikitnt nation of wiiiuh tho Ya-
kima Indians were a part; the Yakima 8[)eefli
being Imt a dialect of the Klikitat hin>;iiu<je.
East of the Klikitats lay the territory of tiie
"Walla \Vallas, occM|iyini^ the conntry on both
sides of the Columbia, about the junetiun of
that stream with Snake river. Kast and soutii-
east of these, extending across the i'lue mount-
ains and includiii;; the valley of the (Jraiid
Uonde were the (Jayuses. Nortlieast of tlie
country of the ('aynses, embracini; Miltowa val-
ley on the south of Snake rivers, Columbia
and Salmon river valleys on its north, and
s.vcepinji to the very summit range of the
Kocky mountains, was the vast region known as
the Nez Perces. The Shosiiones were in the
valley of Snake river about the mouth of the
IBorsey and I'ayette, and east of them were the
Bannech.s. North, and yet west of the Rocky
mountain rani,ff were the Flatbeads. Of course
thi^ tnunieration does not include all the classes
or sid)divi8ion8 of tribes, which were almost
without number, and each of which had a
dialect of its own, but is propably as accurate
a division of the tribes as can well be made.
Indeed it was made as early as 1840, by one as
well (jualitied to make it as any man could be,
after the country had been long enough known
anil tiiorongldy enough explored to ascertain
the facts, and while the tribes were yet in their
vigorous life.

The tribes named as east of the Cascade
mountains were what we have named the "liigli-
land" tribes.

Of all that we have named the Nez Perces
liad the highest degree of intelligence, and prob-
ably of social morality also. The men were tall.

large, upright in bearing, generally of open
countenance and intelligent expression. The
women were rather fairer in color, and much fairer
in form or feature, with easier and more grace-
ful carriage thai, the women of other tribes.
They were also much neater in person. With
this statement made on the antlior's own obser-
vatiotm amoni; all the trib(!s named, the state-
nient of all trav(<lers, traders and missionaries
agree. Though they were brave in war, yet it
was long before a Nez I'erces took up arms
against the white man; but when he did, as onr
readers will see in the "Indian wars," ho proved
hiint^elf the ecpial in generalship and in valor to
his whitefaced brother. The Xez I'eices have
withstood contact with civilization better than
any other tribe of the Northwest, and they have
taken on not a little of the spirit of its progress.
They have many farms, with improved imple-
ments of husbandry; many homes with organs,
sewing machines, carpets and other comforts
of civilized life. What Lewis and Clarke found
them when they reached their country in the
autumn of 1805, and what Bonneville described
them as he found them twonty-tive years later,
they have been found up to the present time.

The Nez Perces have had some chiijftains
worthy in all respects to take rank with Brandt.
Tecnniseh. Keokuk, or any of the chieftains
of the Eastern States. Ishholhoatshoats, or Law-
yer, as he was named by the whites, was both a
statesnnm and a w.irrior. Bold yet cautious,
he knew when and how to strike the most
effective blows. Timothy, the first man ad-
mitted to membership in the church under Mr.
II. II. Spaulding, for so many years the teacher
of this people, had a commanding manhood, and
was the brave and steadfast friend of the whites.
Joseph the younger, who never forgot that he
was an Indian, and as such cleaved to his people
to the last, was a consummate soldier; and,
though his forces were much smaller than those
of General Howard in the great Nez Perces
war he proved that on the battlefield or in the
inarch ho was as brave and resourceful as that
able and indefatigable general, and that he

■S^r'

HISTORY OV ORBOON.

conld liolil lii)> warriorit to tliu lille's front rh
steadily niid loiif; im he could lii» iraiiicil
rtoidiurti.

Tliu (!i»yut<e« were nearly related to the Nez
I'orceh. Their eoiiiitry Ijinif coiitifjiioii.i, and
beinj^ of ttiiich the same character, with iio ditH-
chU natural harrier hctweefi them, the trihen
had intermarried ton considerable extent. Still
the character ot" the Cayuses was not kh nohle
and truthful as was that of their relatives.
They were more treacheroun and warlike, and
less susceptible to improvement. It was among
tliefe people, on the northern margin of their
territory, that Dr. Marcus Whitman established
his missionary station in 1836, and, after he
had given them eleven years of the most de-
voted instructions in the arts of peace and in
the j)rincipleH of ('hristiaiiity, it was they who
t)arl)ari>nsly murdered him and his devoted and
cultivated wife in a moment of savage frenzy,
as related elsewhere. In all the wars with the
whites occurring in eastern Oregon the Cayuses
were deeply and criminally involved. Lacking
in intelligence and ntibleness of the Nez I'er-
ces, they also lacked their real bravery. Still
they were cunning, crafty, full of alertness and
energy, and by no means a foe to be despised.

The Walla Wallas, with their associated bands,
were at one time the most renowned of the
tribes of the Columbia valley. At the time of
the visit of Lewis and Clarke their great Chief-
tain, Yellept, exerted an influence over tlie
Indians of that valley like that which Tecumsoh
exercised over those of the valley of the Ohio.
Tradition makes liim a man of real greatness;
one of those rare human productions that oc-
casionally appear among all peoples and all races
that seem to set the high-water mark of human
capability and po\ver for the generation; or, to
use a better figure, in which human greatness
sweeps to the aphelion of its orbit, and from
which there are generations and ages of reces-
sion. Such men do appear, and among the
Indians such were Philip, Tecumseh, Black
Hawk, Joseph, Yellept; and they make the up-
permost sweep of the power and life of the

Indian race. Yellept was known in hirt life,
and is known now in tra<lition, as probably
uniting in himself more (d' what to such u race
symliolizcd greatness than any other Indian of
the I'acitic slopf. The stories that tin; traditions
of the Walla Walla tribe rehearse of his |)rowess
on the l)attlc-Held, as well as of his ability and
8tatesmanshi|) in the councils of the mition,
stamp him as a man who, had he lived under
better auspices, with the culture of generations
of civilization terminating in him as in them,
he woulil have ranked with the Ciesars and
llannibals of the olden ages, or the Wellingtons
and (irants and Jacksons of the later days. Nor
are these traditions only those of the Indians,
fo"- Vellept's career did not terminate until some
years after the founiliiig of Astoria and the
establishment of Foit Walla WalLi by the
English fur companies, and from the whites
who knew him the same memories of his i)ravery
and statesmanship arc handed down to us.

His death was as remarkable for its pathos
and tragedy as any on record, as one final illus-
tration of these elements in Indian character,
which best define and inteipret greatness to
them, is worthy a j)hu'e on this page. A few
sentences regarding his life may prelude the
record of the scene of his death.

lie was the father of tive sons, all inheritors
of their father's cjreatness and bravery. Of them
bo was proud, and he looked to them to perpetuate
the story of his own reign over his beloved {)eo-
ple. They were all proud of their great father,
and most ardently attached to each other. The
eldest son, heir to the chieftainship, was slain
in battle while boldly and bravely leading his
people in the charge. The old man's grief for
bis first-born was bitter indeed. Hefore even its
bitterness had been at all assuaged the second
was also cut down, and then the third and the
fourth in battle or by disease. But one remained,
and in him w€re centered all the hopes and
afFectiou of his heart. But disease breathed its
withering pestilence over him, and the last son
expired before the chieftain's eyes. He left his
shadowed wigwam where lay his bitterly

niMToiir uF oiiKiios.

iiKiiiriit'il ilcdil. went to Kurt \Viillii Wiillii, wliicli
was iiiiiiM'il \t\ I'jpylihliiiu'ii, mill told thi'iii of
tlit> (Icatli of \m litxt 8oti, 1111(1 linked tliiit lie ii)ii;lit
lie Ipiii'icil ii('('c(nliii;j; tn llii' Kliglisll cnntnlii. Ilin
ivUMCHt vvMtt j.'iiiiite(l. Tilt: fiiiKTiii Hurvie'c watt
reiwl ovt'i- his ruiiiitiim, nnil thecottiii \vui» lowertnl
iiitii the frnivo aiiiitl tlic wailing of liis pi'o|ile.
Witii a coiintciiaiici' iiidicatiiii' the iitiiioHt do-
tt-riiiiimtioii anil siiiciTity, lu< stujipMl to the hoad
of the ilet'[i(liii^ j;ravi'. and rcijiiested IiIh jieople
to lie sili'iit. lie then rehearf*ed to tlieiii the
Btory of his life, wliieh hud lieen ho Ion;; tlm
j^lory and the c^reatnesH of the Walla Walla na-
tion. With a i'ather's tendernexs and a cliief-
tain'it pride, he relienrrted the Ktory of tlie deeds
of IiIk five Kons, the hint of whom now lyinj; in
the eotKii nnder his feet, dead; and he wan now
Ktandini^ like a tree whose branches had been
broken otl', whose trunk had Ix-en riven and
blasted by the thunderbolts. He then an-
nounced to them the 8tartlin<; fact that he had
resolved not to survive the burial of his youu)^-
est son, and nishinj^ into the grave he stretched
himself iipo!i the cofHn of hie son and com-
manded his people to bury him with his beloved
boy. A mighty burst of lainentatiju ii'e upon
the breeze; but this lastcommund.of tiic mighty

chieftain whs us rciulily olHtyeil as any he had
ever issued in the butth< or the camp. And
tliiiH, in this voluntary Hulf-iminolution on the
altai of his love and sorrow for his faiiiilv and
nation, |>erisheil the greatest, as well as the best
ehieftaiii of the Walla Wiilla mition.

In later years something of the renown of
thi« days of Vellept returned under the intlueneu
of Pou-|Kjn-mox-iTiox, called by the Kni^lish,
yellow serpent. lie was so near us, indeed
contemporary with some of us, that the halo of
tradition is not s|>r(ikd over his [lamu; but had
he lived when his nation was at its xenitli of
power, liet'ore its enervating contact with the
vices of the whites, his would have rivaled the
luunes wo have before (juoted in barbaric
splendor. Hut with his last, greit effort to save
his people, the glory of the Walla Walla tribe
expired, and since he tell they have been but
a feeble and fallen remnant of decayed barbar-
ism.

We have dwelt somowhr.t at length on the
story of these tribes l>eeau8e they were the best
representatives of Indian life in the interior of
Oregon, when that lifi< was best of anywhere on
the northwest coast; but it is not necessary to
follow it further.

-^^^m^m^^ —

\\ I

UIHTOHV Oh' iiHKiloy.

CIIAITEK IV.

EAKLIKHT UIHCOVKHIE8.
Si'AI.N I'lIK PloNKKK OK DiSroVKItV — SkAKCII KOK A NoKTIlWKST PaWA((K — SlMltl r OK CoNyL'KsT

— CoKTKZ- Mkndoza's Voyaok — Fkukm.o Fikst Discovekki) Okkoon- -Rivals to Si-ain —
SiK Kkancis Dkakk— His (Ji.aims ok Disiovkky — Cavkndisii — Skiiasiian Viscaino Stim-
SKAKi'HiNa Koit TiiK Stbaits OK Aman — Hiiosdn's Hav Comi'any Chaktkrkm — Risk ok

RutisiA — Pktek tmk (}kkat^|{i:iiiun()'m Votacikh — Caitain Jamk» ('ook and his Dis-

0OVKBIK8 — IllH DkaTII — ()kE(10N StILI, LlTTMi IvNOWN — Si'ANIAKDS AuAIN E.NTKK THK

L18T8 — QiiiMi'KK — Straits of Fuca.

fllK earlie«t discoverieH 011 the American
continent nmdo i)y any portion of the
civilized world, if we do not count the
soincwiiiit inytiiiciil ones attrilmtcd to North-
men on the count of Groeiiland, were made in
1492, under the aiinpicesof Spain: at that time
one of tiie most powerful and agj^ressive nations
of Europe. This discovery of a New World he-
iiind the western seas kindled an aj^e already
tired with a 8|)irit of romantic adventure and
religious zeal to a much greater enthusiasm of
conquest and siilijugation. As Spain had leu
in the discoveries that had thus opened the new
continent to the mnltitioiis of the enterprising
and adventurous, it was only natural ihat her
sailors should haste to follow the path that the
galleys of Columbus had marked for them over
the seas, and her soldier-adveiilurers should en-
ter on a courso of conquest in the countries dis-
covered. The stories of the sailors who hud
returned to the ports of Spain invested the new
lands visited by them with a glory of fabulous
wealth that could easily be gfithered from the
semi-civilized savage tribes found there by the
stronger arms of the men of Castile.

Inspired by the numerous stories, three years
had not passed before they had began the con-
quest of the islands off the southeastern coast of
the American mainland, by the subjugation of
Hayti. In 1511 the island of Cuba was invaded
and conquered in the name of the king of Spain.

Three years afterward Vasco Nunez de Balboa
crossed the Isthmus of Darieii and discovered
the great south sea, of which such knowledge
had already been communicated liy the natives
that it had already l)een designated on the maps
of European geographies. Seven years later
Magellan entered it by the straits that bear his
name and gave it the name of the "Facitic."
In 1519Cortez landed in Mexico at the head of
an army of 950 men, and inva<led tlie ancient
i.'ugdom of the Montezutnas. Two years suf-
ficed for its subjugation. In 1537, C-ortez, seek-
ing further conquests to the westward of Mex-
ico, landed at Santa Cruz, near the low -r
extremity of il"! peninsula of California. Find-
ing nothing to tempt his cupidity or his chiv-
alry, he soon abandoned the country anut
such had been the unpropitious results of the
attempts of Cortez to find tempting food for
adventure west and north of Mexico, that it is
Ijiicly discovery would have stayed its progress
in that direction, had not other motives prompted
its advance from another quarter. Tliese were
the hopes and efforts of ?]uropean discoverers to
find a Northwest passage from the Atlantic
Ocean through the American continent to the
Indian seas.

Before 1500 one of the adventurous navigat-

aiSTOUY OF OREQON.

ors of Portugal, Vascia de (THiiia, had reached
the Indian Ocean l>y sailinij eiv^tward from Lis-
bon around tiie Cape of Good Hope. (Caspar (Jor-
tereai, aiiotb.or eminent Portngnese discoverer,
explored tiio Atlantic coast of North America
in 15(K), and sailinir around Labrador entered
the straits wiiich opened westward under the
00° of iioitii latitude. Through these lie pa.«8ed
into what is now known as Hudson's Bay, and
believed tiiat he had entered waters which led
into the Indian ocean, and had accomplished,
by sailing westward from tlie west coast of
Knrojie, what Vasca de Gama had by sailing
eastward, — the discovery of a passage to the
wealth of Asia, so little was then known of the
geography of the world. To the straits through
which lit, bad passed be gave the name of Anian,
and the land south of them he called Labrador.
When Magellan, in lo'^O, sailed into the Pa-
cific, through the straits to which liis own name
was given, and continued his voyage westwanl
until the whole world was circumnavigated, the
belief of navigators in the existence of the
straits of Anian was greatly strengthened. This
arose from their belief tiiat the straits of Ma-
gellan were only a narrow passage piercing the
heart of the continent, where it was much nar-
rower than elsewhere; and they suppjsed the
same thing would exist to the north, especially
since (Vrtereal had reporteil its discovery. For
Miiiny years tlie chief efforts of explorers were
put forth for its real discovery. The efforts of
Si)ain were mainly directed from the Pacific
side of the continent, while England France,
I'ortugal and Holiund iiuide theirs from the
eastern. It is not necessary to our history to
follow the course and story of these expensive
and continued efforts, as they had but a remote
bearing on the history of Oregon; but this
fal)le of tne noithwest i)a8Bage kept up the spirit
of discovery for many years, and the search for
it was p^rticijjated in by all tlie leading niara-
tiine nations of the world. The first knowledge
of the countries on the Pacific coast was not to
come, however, from any passage of the straits
of Anian, but from the spirit of conquest that

the conquest of Mexico had kindled in the
south.

After the snbjugation of Mexiex), Cortez be-
gan the construction of vessels on tlie coast of-
Central America for use on the Pacific. After
these vessels had been employed for some time
on the lower coasts, they were sent directly
across the Pacific, but he constructed others in
which he directed expeditions along the Mexi-
can coasts and in Lower ('alifornia. He dis-
covered the gulf of California and the Colorado
river. He made an attempt at colonization at
Sant."* Cruz, in Lower California The first at-
tempt to pass around the peninsula of Califor-
nia was made in 1539, by Francisco de Ul'oa,
the energetic and can..ole assistant of Cortez in
all his ojjerations on the west coast of Mexico.
He succeeded in reachin>r the twenty-eighth de-
gree of latitude, but as so baftied by head
winds and sickness among his men, that he was
compelled to return to Mexico.

Don Antonio de Mendoza, a Spanish noble-
man of high rank, succeeded Cortez as viceroy
of New Sprtiii. He dispatched an expeilition of
two small vessels, commanded by Juan Rodri-
guez Cabrillo, and dispatched it in 1542 to
search for the straits of Anian, and incidentally
to discover any of those civilized nations that
the traditions of the Indians or the imagination
of the Ciucassiaus located in the northwest.
He followed the coast as far north as 88", but
encountered a violent storm, which drove him
several degrees backward. He found shelter in
a small harbor on the island of San iiarnardino,
lying near the coast in latitude 34°, which he
called " Port Possession," and which was the
first point on the California coast of which the
Spaniards took possession. Here Cabrillo died,
in .lanuary, 1543, and the command ilevolved
on Hartolome Ferrelo. who again headed the
vessels to the northward and voyaged np the
coast. He reached, on the 1st of March, a
point as high as 44°, as given by some antli' ri-
ties, and withoi't doubt should be credited with
having first discovered the coast of Oregon,
though he made no chart of its outline, and

niSTOBY OF OliEOON.

made no landing upon it. The results of the
voyage, and of some expeditions sent inland
under Alearou and Coronado, satisfied the vice-
roy that the wealthy nations of tlie coast and
country north of Mexico existed only in Indian
fables, and that if any straits of Aiiian existed
they must be far north of the fortieth parallel
of latitude, and all effort to explore the country
to the northward was abandoned. IJut Spain
was complete mistress of the Pacific. Her flag
<loiniiiated that mighty ocean, and her enemies
were unable to attack her in that vital source of
her wfealtli and power. But this could not long
continue when the rivals and enemies of Spain
were such powers as En;jfland and France. And,
besides, this was the era of tlie " buccaneers,"
who roved the seas, even in times of peace,
under the privity and encouragement of their
sovereigns, and they wnre not less interested
than the naval forces of the government of
western Europe to find a way to reaflli and caj)-
ture the richly laden galleons of Spain, on their
way from the mines of Mexico to the treasuries
of Lisbon and Madrid. These alio sought the
straits of Anian, but despairing at last of find-
ing them, invaded the Pacific by the dreaded
way of Magellan. With their appearance on
the Pacific the security of Spanish shipping on
the southern seas ceased forever.

The num who led this crusade of freebooters
against the ships and wealth of Spain on the
Pacific, was Sir Francis Drake. He was an
English seaman of much fame, a daring adven-
turer and an expert mariner. With three ves-
sels he entered the Pacific through the straits
of Magellan. One was soon wrecked, another
returned to England, but with the third he con-
tinued up the coast, scattering terror among the
Spanish shipping and levying heavy contribu-
tions oTi the defenseless j)orts. Loaded with plun-
der, he continued northward on the same boot-
less search for the straits of Anian that had be-
guiled all the navigators of England and Spain
80 long, and which, of course, returned to him
only their disappointment. How far he sailed
northward it is hurd to determine, some authori-

ties placing his highest latitmle iit 4ii°, and
some at 48". Tiie English writers claim the
latter, and the American the former. Doubt-
less the question of title to Oregon, on the
ground of discovery, as between Spain and
England, in which the United States was in-
volved by her purchase of the rights of Sjtaiti,
account for that disagreement. If lie reached
only the forty-third degree, his discoveries were
anticipated by the Sj)aniard, Ferrelo, by thirty-
five years. If he reached the forty-eighth de-
gre(\ then England's right, by discovery of the
coast far north of tiie mouth of the Columbia
river, was undeniable. The accounts published
of this voyage of Drake bore so little evidence
of ri-liability that the fair-minded historian
finds it difilcult to reach a satisfactory conclu-
sion as to the fact in tlie case. There is little
difference which was the fact, since it wi,l Ijc
forever impossible to adjudicate the di^pute, and
hence the honor of the discovery of the Oregon
coast will remain divided between the Spaniard,
Ferrelo, and the Englishman, Sir Francis Drake.

In the month of June, Drake lay in a harbor
of efuge, probably in the small bay north of
the bay of San Francisco, now known as Drake's
bay. Following the example of the Spanish
navigators, he landed and took possession of the
country in the name of Great Hritain, giving it
the title of " Xew Albion," as the Spaniards had
called the southern point of the coast " New
Spain."

Following Drake, and encouraged by his suc-
cess came Thomas Cavendish, and other English
adventurers, having the same purposes in view
as Drake himself, namely, the capture of the
richly loaded galleons of Spaiti, and the discov-
ery of the straits of Anian. Without any reason-
able com|»en8atioti it wouhl greatly lengthen a
narrative, only slightly collateral to our main
design, to follow the story of their depredations
or discoveries. Besides, there was so much
that subsequent information has p'-oven to be
fiction in the published narratives of these ex-
]Hdition8 that the historian is sometimes led to
wonder if any part of them, as recorded, i«

HISTORY OF ORKGON.

crwlible. In some of them places and water
piissiiges are minutely depiTibed that liave loiifj;
ago been proved to have had no existence.
Iliatory cannot siiford space even to catalofjne
these romances. Sueli stories as those of Mal-
donado and of .1 nan de Fuca ninst he classed
with these, and thns passed by.

There is really nothiiij; of anthenticated dis-
covery on tlie Oregon coast to relate until 1602,
when Sebastian Viscaino, under peremptory
orders from Philip III, sailed north from Aca-
piilco, entering the ports of San Qnintin, San
Diego and Monterey, Nothinjif of importance
having been added by him to geographical sci-
ence, he soon after returned to Acapuleo. In
January, KiOB, he again sailed northward. On
this voyage he reached and named " Cape
Blanco," about the 43" of latitude. The histo-
rian of the voyage of the little craft on which
he sailed says: " From that point the coast
begins to turn to the northwest, and near it was
discovered a ra|)id and abundHnt river, with ash
trees, willows, brambles, and ether trees of
Castile on its banks." An unsuccessful attempt
to enter this river, which was probably tlie
Uinpqiia, and a large number of the crew was
sick with the scurvy, the commander deterinined
to return to Acapuleo. He arid his pilot, An-
tonio Klores, both died of scurvy on the way,
and were buried in the deep.

S'ill the straits of Anian remained the fable
for the solution of which the navigators of
Eur()[)e continued to search on both coasts of
America, (rradually, but generally, the i)elief
came to be entertained that these straits could
be fonnil only in a search in Hudson hay. To
aid in their discovery, in 1(509, Charles II, then
king of England, granted to a coir.nany of his
subjects a charter guaranteeing most royal priv-
ileges in consideration of their agreement to
search for the straits of Anian. This charter
created "The Company of Adventurers of Eng-
land Trading into Hudson's Hay." Tho object
expressed in the charter was, '• For the dis-
covery of a new passage into the south sea, and
for the finding of some trade in furs and other

considerable comi^iodities." This is the organ-
ization knowr. in history as "The Hudson's Day
Company." A6 its history, as well as its rela-
tions to the ftorv of 'Oregon, will be continued
later in this book, we make only this brief ref-
erence lo It liere, simply to identify it as one
of the links in the chaiti of div Mvery on the
Oiegcn coast.

It seems strange that /■■■.i;; i;. >ue of the
return of the little vessel • Agitilar from Cape
liUnco back to Mexico in 161)3, a (entury and
more elapsed before the prow of anotlier vessel
cleft the waters of the North racific. * Hut
suddenly interest in tliese regions revived again.
In the north of Europe, Russia rose, by the
genius of her enlightened monarch, Peter the
Great, from an almost unknown condition to a
liijjh rank amonj; the nations of the world. He
extended the powers of iiis empire eastward
across Silieria, until they reached the liorean
peninsula of Kaintchatka. Then he songlit to
carry them still farther eastvrard until th«-y
touched the western confines of the provi', ,..?
of England, Spain and France, on the Am' miuo
continent. How far that might be It nr tv
ni)t, but his was a mind not to be dn '!?■ 1 h\
ditliculties nor distracted by doubts. He ordered
vessels to Ik; built at Ai'changel, on th«> V/iil,
sea, for the puriKise of cruisinj? :rii,tward, and
endeavoring to pass into the Pacific through
the Arctic ocean. Hefore his plans were com-
pleted Peter died, and was succeeded on tho
throne by the Empress Catharine.

Tiiough there was some delay in prosecuting
^Ile designs of Peter tho Great, as soon us pos-
sible, Catharine, v, liose ability was eo , to that
of her great husband, began to pusi ■,'■■.: i for-
ward. In 1728, in accordance wit'! ':■■■■:■ ui-
structioiis, vessels were built on the cvw t of
Kaintchatka, and dispatche*! in search of the
passag'^ siipji) ; I t> exist between the Arctic
and 1 iv.'iuc oceiiu^ Vitus Beliring, a Danish
navi;' tto! of '.sp' it;.,'e and skill, had been des-
ignated by Pet-^r to command the expeditii)n,
and his selection was contirmed by Catliarine.
He sailed in .luly, and followed the coast north-

U I STORY OF OREGON.

•i1

westerly until he found it bending steadily to
the west. He beciiine convinced that he had
ulroady entere<] the Arctic, and whh sailing
along the northern coast of Asia, having
reached the 07^ of latitude. Neither going nor
returning through the straits did he discern the
east lines of America, as the prevalent cloudy
and foggy weather obscured it. Being unpre-
pared to winter in the ice, or to make a long
and t'.vposeil voyage in the open sea, he returned
to the port of his embarkation.

The next year he made another voyage, in
which he endeavored to lind the coast of America
by sailing directly eastward, but batHed by con-
trary winds was obliged to take refuge in the
bay of Okotsk, antl abandoneil the effort and re-
turned to St. Petersburg. Other Russian expe-
ditions followed, but without decisive result
until in 1732,'one of the vessels employed was
driven by the winds and currents on the Alaaka
coast, when it was discovered that but a narrow
strait separated North America from Asia.
Upon -this was bestowed the name of Bering.

Other expeditions from Russia there were, but
with little result to geographical knowledge. One
in 1741, under Bering, commanding the St. Peter,
and Tcliirkoif, commanding the St. Paul, came
to a most disastrous end; Tcliirkoif himself
tinally ret\irning with but a few of his men, the
remainder having been bntchere<I by the savages
or hung, and from the scurvy; and Bering's
vessel being wrecked on a little granite island
between the Aleutian Archipelago an<l Kain-
tschatka, and where Bering and many of his
men died and were buried. The island is known
as "Boring's Isle" to this day.

These fugitive efforts of Russia to make dis-
coveries on the American continent came to very
little, and, as the middle of the eighteenth cen-
tury was reached, the geography of the American
coast from Bering's straits to the Spanish pos-
sessions in the south consisted of mere imagina-
tive lines drawn on the charts which navigators
had made of seas over which they had never
sailed, and of lands they had never visited. The
fact was that Russia was not a maritime na-

tion, and she had no seamen of sufficient scien-
tific attainments to lead the discoverers which
she was in a most *'Hvorab!e situation to jjrose-
cute. Hence, after four official expeditions had
been made into these northern seas, and private
individuals had been engaged in the fur- trade
for a third of a century, the Russian idea of the
seas between northern America and Asia was
that they were large seas of islands, of which
the largest was Alaska. It was reserved for
Captain Cook, an Englishman, and a skillful and
scientific navigator, to reveal their error.

Captain James Cook commanded the first
English vessel to visit the north Pacific seas. He
was already the most renowned navigator of
England,' if not of the world. He had achieved
his great distinction in recent voyages of dis-
covery in the South Sea and the Indian Ocean.
The desire and purpose of England to plant
colonies on the Pacific coast naturally turned
the eyes of the Lord of Admiralty, to him as
the one man whose past success guaranteed
brilliant results in the new expedition contem-
plated by the British government. Cook did
not wait to be invited, but volunteered at once
to command the expedition. It consisted of
two vessels, the Resolution, in which Cook had
already passed round the world, and the Dis-
covery, commanded by Captain Charles Clarke.
These vessels were well suited to their intended
use, and were furnished for it as perfectly as
science and experience could provide. Cook's
charts, though very erroneous in the light of his
own subsecjuent discoveries, were the most per-
fect that geographical knowledge at that day
could devise. There was on them a compara-
tive l)lank between latitude -13" and 56", or be-
tween the point reached by the Spanish explora-
tions in the south and those of Russia in the
north. Conjecture had placed somewhere witli-
in these limits the great river, the straits of Fuca
and the river of Kings. Cook was instructed
very particularly to prosecute ins research on
the Pacific coast of America within these limits,
and especially to do t\othitig that could be con-
strued into any trespass on the assumed rights

:■!

msTour OF ohkoon.

\'< )

of Spain or Russia. lie was directed to reacjii
tile coast of New All)ion, as the Enirlisii called
California, and not to touch upon atiy part ot'
the Spanisl; dominions unless driven to it by
necessity, \ tli'^n to treat the people with
" civility an hip." Fie was to thor-

,oughly exaniii.t. vast, and with the consent

of the natives, to \... .6 possession in the name of
the kinir of Great Britain, of convenient sta-
tion in such countries as he niijfht discover that
had not alrea<ly been discovered or visited by
any other European power, and to distribute
among the inhabitants such things as would re-
main as traces of his having been there, but if
he should find the coniitries mo discovered to be
uninhabited, he was to take possession of them
for his sovereign, by setting up proper marks
and descriptions, as first discoverers and pos-
sessors. Thus prepared and commissioned Cap-
tain Cook set sail from Plymouth, England, on
the twelfth day of July, 1776.

Eight days before, an event had occurred in
Philadelphia on the eastern coast of America,
that had more to do with wresting from Great
IJritain the ultimate results of Cook's explora-
tions and those of all otiier Englishman on the
Pacific coast, than all others in history. It was
the Declaration of American Independence, by
which the new nation, destined to dominate the
American continent, was born into history.

Cook sailed for the east, rounded the cape of
Good Hope, explored the coasts of Van Die-
men's Land and New Zealand, and the Society
and Friendly islands. Continuing his eastern
course on the 18tli of January, 1778, he dis-
covered the Hawaiian group, which he named
ill honor of Lord Sandwich, the "Sandwich
islands." Remaining here but a short time, he
still sailed eastward, and on the 7tli of March,
1778, sighted the coast of New Albion, near
the forty-fourth parallel, or, in what is now
(Oregon, near the mouth of the (Tmpqua river.
Head winds forced him south, but as soon as
possible he turned to the north, but sailed so
far off shorts that he did not again see land un-
til he had reached the 48 ' of latitinie, when he

saw a bold headland, which lie named "Cape
Flattery," because of the encouraging prospects
of his expedition. He was directly olf the
mouth of the straits of Fuca, but his charts
misguided him by placing that opening south
of the forty-eighth parallel, and he turned south
to find it. Disappointed here, he turned again
northward, but they lay too far off and passed
the straits without observing them, and tinally
cast anchor in Nootka sound. From this port
he still kept his northward course, and on the
4th of May sighted Mount St. Elias, where he be-
gan a most thorough search for the straits of
Anian. His explorations about the extreme
northern portion of the American coast, in
Bering straits, i-iid the Asiatic coast on the
Arctic side as far as cape North, were full of
painstaking fidelity, and he so charted those re-
gions that many of the fables of the Russian ex-
plorers were entirely disproved. On the 9th of
August he reached the extreme northwestern cor-
ner of America, and named the point "Cape
Prince of Wales." Without attempting any
further explorations on the coast of America,
he sailed directly to the Sandwich islands for
the winter. Here, on the 16th of February,
177S), in an encounter with the natives, he was
slain. This for a time terminated British dis-
coveries on the North- Pacific coast. When the
Resolution and Discovery reached England, in
October, 1780, she was in the midst ot her
strife with her American colonies and her two
immemorial antagonists and rivals across the
channel, and had neither time nor inclination
to engage in further geographical or colonial
enterprises.

It has been seen by those who have carefully
followed the line of our record, that as yet
little or nothing was known ot the Oregon
coast. The sweep of discovery and explora-
tions by the maritime powers of England had
been far to the north and far to the south. The
golden dreams that the vivid imaginations of
the Spaniards had woven about New Spain,
and the hope of England to lind a direct pass-
age from western ports to the Pacific through

UISTORT OF OKEOON.

the fabled straits of Anian, easily aw^oimt for
that t'ftct. The prow of the Kngliohixian's vessel
turned toward that fabled passage; the Spaniard's
toward the land of gold. Oregon lay between
these objective points, and thus remained
unknown. Hut the time was at hand when the
land of verdure between the ice-land of the
north and the sun-seared plains of the south
should become the object of the explorer's
search, as well as the subject of the ruler's
covet.

In 1790, ten years after the return of the
Resolution and Discovery from their eventful
voyage, tlie Spaniards again, under the directioq
of the Viceroy of Mexico, dispatched a fleet of
their vessels to the north, under the command
of Lieutenant Francisco Elisa, with directions
to take possession of ^'ootka sound, fortify and
defend it, and use it as a base of explorations.
This was done, and a series of explorations
were at once entered upon. Lieutenant Alferez
Manuel Quimper, in the Princesa lieal, in the
summer of 1790, left Nootka and entered the
straits of Fuca, examining both shores for a
distance of one hundred miles. He turned
southward into what was afterward called Puget
sound. Mistaking it for an inlet, he called it
Enconada de Caainafio. He gave Spanish names
to various points in that region, all of which
now bear names afterward given by Vancouver
and others, except the main channel leading
north, which he named "Canal de Lopez de
[laro;" which retains its Spanish cognomen, a
monument of this lirst visit of a civilized keel
in the waters of this great Mediterranean of the
Pacific coast. On the first of August, 1790,
Lieutenant Elisa took formal possession of that
region in the name of the Spanish sovereign at
port "Nuftez G-uona," now known as Neah
bay.

In 1791, Elisa again entered the Straits of
Fuca, in the San Carlos, and made more exten-
sive and particular explorations of the gulf of
Georgia, as far north as latitude 50'^. Observ-
ing many passagei. extending inland, Elisa con-
cluded "that the oceanic passage so zealously

sought by foreigners, if there is one, can not be
elsewiiere than by this great channel."

The most satisfactory explorations ever made
by the Spanish in the Northwest were those
made during 1791. But they had no longer a
monopoly of discovery or trade on the coast.
Other and more energetic nations had entered
the lists of adventure in these seas. The new
flag which the successful revolt of the iiritisii
colonies of the Atlantic coast had nailed to the
mast of empire — " the stars and stripes " — was
floating from the masts of a large number of
vessels which were hoverinjr alonii the coast and
looking into every bay and inlet of their waters.
Great Britain, too, having lost her colonial pos-
sessions on the Atlantic south of the St. Law ■
rence,was more anxious than ever to secure others
on the Pacific seaboard, and nine of her vessels,
under the command of her boldest and most en-
terprising seamen, were guarding her interests
and prosecuting her purposes all along the coast.
With the nine English and seven American and
one Spanish vessels, vigilant and keen-eyed, and
filled with a spirit of national competition for
new empire, added to the vigorous explorations
of the Spanish ships, there could certainly little
remain unknown along the coast line of the
Northwest for many months longer. So when
the year 1791 had gone and 1792 had come the
time for the fulfillment of the |)rophecy of these
preparations for djicisive discovery had come.
We shall follow only the story of these vessels
which, during this year, made important dis-
coveries, and established, or attemped to estab-
lish, national rights that influenced the course
of after history. By the vessels representing
them the Governments of the United States,
Great Britain, Spain, France and Portugal were
all on this, coast. Their conflict, however, was
not that of guns, but of enterprise and dis-
covery; one greater than that of broadsides, and
determining the future of a vast empire.

The movements of the Spanish vessels were

'\ainly limited to a repetition of the already

oft repeated effort to discover a northwest

passage. Spain reasoned, and correctly enough,

'« i

HI8T0BY OF OltKQON.

V >

that if lier vessels were compelled to double
the Cape of Good Hope and then sail around
Asia to reach the northwest coast of America;
or, oil the othei* hand, to pass around Capo
Horn to reach the same point, it was not worth
her while to seek for possessions in northwest
America. Henco, if the straits of Anian were
a myth she was ready to gire up her attempts
at northwest colonization. True, the ^[exican
viceroy, representing the Spanish throne, di-
rected bis vessels in these waters to thoroughly
exj)lore the straits of I'uca and the connecting
waters, and to ascertain if there were not con-
venient points south of the entrance of those
straits for the establishment of Spanish settle-
ments, but those objects were subsidiary to the

main purpose of finding the connecting passage
between the Atlantic and the I'acific. Lieutenant
Salvador Fidalgo, comman<ling the Princoi-a,
in pursuance of this subsiiliary purpose landed
at Port Nunez Guona — now Neah bay — just
within the entrance of the straits of Fnca and
on its south side, where he erected buildings
and fortilications; but the main purpose failing,
he received orders to abandon the post, and he
removed everything to Nootka. With tlie sur-
render of this purpose Spanish efforts at dis-
covery and colonization on the northwest coast
practically ended, leaving only Great Britain
and the United States as rivals and contestants
in these fields between the fifty-second and tifty-
iiftli degrees of north latitude.

•^^:m^^ —

CHAPTER V. ' .

EAULIEST DISCOVKKIKS, CONTINUED.

TiiK Unitko Statks Bkoin Exi'lokations — 1791-'92 — The Nortmwkst Skas Filt.ed With Ex-
PLORKRs — Spain Stii.l Seekino for the Straits of Anian — She Rktiues From the Contest —
Great Britain and the Uniti;!) Staiks Sole IIivai-s — VAxcorvKR — ^His Carefil Examina,

TioN OF THE Coast — Passss the Mocth ok the Culumiua — Hi.s Journai Caitain Grav

Meets Vancouver — Vancouver's Voyaoe Northward into Puoet Sound — Ueturns
Sditiiwakd — Lieutexant Broi-oiiton Enters the Coi.umuia — Discovery ok the Coi.imbia
BY Cai-tain Gray — Antecedent Motives -Boston Association for Disooverv — The
Columhia and Washington JJispatched — Their Voyage — The Columbia Returns to Bos-
ton — Her Second Voyaoe — Reaches the Northwest Coast— Meets Vancouver — They
Part Company — Gray Di.sc<jvers Bulfinch Hakdor — ArrACKEO »v Indians — Enters the
Columbia River — His Journal — First Real Knowledge of tiik Existence ok the Great
River — The Ship Columiha.

fHESE two rival powers were in the field:
England with her stored and storied vigor
of her Saxon thirst for empire; the
United States with the Hush and fervor of youth-
ful nationality firing her to action, each eager,
contident, determined; and each realizing the
immense value of the stake for which this game

of discovery was being played on these northern
and western seas. First let ns read the story of
l?ritain's cruisers and captains in 1792.

The two vessels that represented especially
the interests of Great Britain in the Northwest
were the Discovery, ''omnianded by Captain
George Vancouver, and the Chatham, com-

niSTOHT OF ORBaON.

iiianded by LieiiteiiBiit W. K. Brongliton. Cap-
tain Vancouver was already auqnaintcd with the
Ndrthwi'ht coawt, liuving served as a niidship-
niaii with (Jajitain ('ook in liis voyages of dis-
covery, to wliicli reference has already been
made. His cervicee had been eo eminent that
he had reached the post of captain in the royal
navy, ,iiid siicli was the confidence his govern-
ment reposed in him that he was made com-
inirsioner to carry out the provisions of the
Nootka treaty between Ei^hlnd and S[)ain.
Korthi* purpose he was on the coast; but Eng-
land, ever awake to ulterior advantages, di-
rected him to connect discovery with diplo-
macy, and especially to examine the " supposed
strait of Juan de Fuca, said to be situated be-
tween the forty-eighth and forty-ninth degrees
of north latitude." He had arrived off the
coast of California, near Cape Mendocino, in
April, 1792. He lost no time in entering on a
very careful examination of the coast from the
point of his arrival northward; and, as so much
of the subsequent history of Oregon turned on
the discoveries of the English captain, George
Vancouver, and the American captain, Robert
Gray. We shall follow the story of their voy-
ages more minutely than we have those of any
other navigators.

Captain Vancouver with his lieutenant,
Broughton, sailed slowly northward. Their ex-
aminations of the shore-line, were minute. Near
the forty-third degree of latitude they sought
carefully for the river which the Spanish navi-
gators had represented on their charts as enter-
ing the Pacific at that point, but could not find
it. On his way up the coast, Vancouver-
observed very carefully the " Deception bay "
of Means, which tlie Spanish charts represented
as the mouth of a river. That our readers may
see just the conclusion reached by this really
great English navigator as he passed up the
Oregon coast, and by the mouth of the great
rivei" of the West, wo give quotations from
carefully and ably written journals. He writes
under date of

April 27: Noon brought us up into a

conspicuous point of land, comprised of a cIuk-
ter of hummocks, moderately high, and project-
ing into the sea. On the south side of this
promontory was the appearance of an iidet, or
small river, tiie land not indicating it to bo of
any great extent; nor did it seem to be accessi-
ble for vessels of our burden, as tiie breakers
extended from the above point, two or three
miles into the ocean, until they joined these on
the beach, nearly four leagues further south.
On reference to Mr. Means' description of the
coast south of this promontory, 1 was first in-
duced to believe it was Ca».'- Shoalwater; but,
on ascertaining its latitu<le. 1 i;."esumed it to be
that which he calls Cape DisHppointnient, and
the opening south of it Deception bay. This
cape we found to be in latitude of 46° 19',
longitude 236° 6' [east.] The sea had now
changed from its natural to river-colored water,
the probable consequence of some streams fall-
ing into the bay, or into the opening north of
it, through the low land. Not considering this
opening worthy of more attention, I continued
our pursuit to the northwest, being desirious to
embrace the advantages of the now prevailing
breezes and pleasant weather, so favorable to an
examination of the coasts.

Thus Captain George Vancouver swept by
the mouth of the great river only two weeks
before Captain Robert Gray turned the prow of
the Columbia into its crystal waters, having, as
he believed, ascertained that " the several large
rivers and capacious inlets, that have been do-
scribed as discharging their contents into the
Pacific, between the fortieth and forty-eighth
degrees of north latitude, were reduced to
brooks insuflicient for our vessels to navigate,
or to bays inaccessible as harbors for refitting."
As justifying this couclusion, on the 29th of
Ap il he gave the following somewhat elaborate
statement of his reasons for making it:

" Considering ourselves now on the point of
commencing an examination of an entirely new
region, I cannot take leave of the coast already
known, without obtruding a short remark on
that part of the continent, ccmprehending a

n/STORY OP OREOON.

space of Hourly '215 leiigiies, on which our
iiujiiii'ies liiivc been hitoly oiiiployed, uinier tliu
most t'ortunatc iiiiil f'livorahlo ciiciiiiistaiiccs of
wind atui wuutlier. So ininiitely lias this ex-
tensive coast heen inspected that the surf has
been constantly seen to break on its shores from
the inast-liead; and it was but a few small inter-
vals only our distance precluded its beinj^
visible from the deck. Whenever the weather
prevented our making free with the shore, or on
our lieadiiiir ,itf for the nii;lit, the return of tine
weather and of daylight uniformly brought us,
it' not, to the identical spot we bad departed
from, at least within a few miles of it, and
never beyond the northern limits of the coast
we had previously seen. An e.vamination so
directed, and circumstances so concurring to
permit its being so executed, afforded the most
complete opportunity of determining its various
turnings and windings, as also the position of
all its conspicuous points, ascertained by Tnerid-
ional altitudes for the latitude, and observa-
tions for the chronometer, which we bad the
good fortune to make constantly once, and in
general twice, every day, the preceding one only
excepted. It must be considered a very singu-
lar circumstance that, in so great an extent of
Bea-coast, we should not until now iiave seen
the appearance of any opening in its shore which
presented any prospect of affording a shelter,
the whole coast forming one compact and nearly
straight barrier against the sea."

Tiie day on which Vancouver had written
these statements had not passed before a sail
was discoved to the westward, standing in shore;
she soon hoisted the stars and stripes and tired a
gun to leeward. At six she was within hail,
and proved to be the ship Columbia, Captain
Ilol)ert (rray, nineteen months from Boston.
Captain Vancouver requested him to "bring
to." and sent Mr. Puget and Mr. Mejizies on
board the Columtiia to obtain such information
as might be serviceable to tiie Knglish captain
in his future <jperatioiis. This mainly relating
to tile straits of Fuca and the waters connect-
ing therewith, was very courteously communi-

cated by ('aptain (iray. He also communicated
another piece of information to which Van-
couver gave little or no credit, and to which he
makes the following reference:

"He likewise informed them — Mr. Puget and
Mr. Menzie — of his having been off the mouth
of a river, in the latitude of 46" 10', where the
outset or reflux was so strong as to prevent his
entering for nine days. This was probably the
opening passed by us on the furenoon of the
27th, and was apparently inaccessible, not from
the current, but from the breakers that extended
across it."

Hut the English Captain's mind was not at
rest, and it is plain to be seen from the tone of
his journal that lie was both asking himself,
"What if I have made a mistake?" and at the
same time trying to justify his conchisionfi by
arguments that would palliate bis doubts. So
he recurs to the snlyect again on the day after
his meeting with the Columbia, as follows:

"The river mentioned by Mr. Gray should,
from the latitude he assigned to it, have existence
in the bay south of cape Disappointment. Tliis
we found in the forenoon of the 27th, and, as I
then observed, if any inlet or river should be
found, it would be a very intricate one, and in-
accessible to vessels of great burden, owing to
the reefs and broken water, which then ap-
{wared in its neighborhood. Mr. Gray stated
that he had been several days attempting to en-
ter it, which, at len<Tth, he was unable to effect,
in consequence of a very strong outset. This is
a phenomenon difficult to account for, as, in
most cases, where there are outsets of such
strength on a seacoast, there are corresponding
tides setting in. Be that, liowever,a8 it may, I was
thoroughly convinced, as were most persons of
observation on board, that we could not possibly
have passed any safe, navigable opening, harbor,
or j)lace of security for shipping, on this coast
from wipe Mendocino to the promontory of
Classet [cape Tlattery], nor had we any reason
to alter our ojiinion, notwithstanding that
theoretical geographers have thought proper to
assert in that sjiace the existence of arms of the

•<lMMi

nisrORY OF OREOON.

oceftii comniiinicating with a N[tHliterraneiin sea,
and extensive rivers with sate and coiivt'nieiit
ports. "

Haviiii^ thu;* apparently argiu'd himeelf into
tile aH8iirancu timt lie wan ritflit and the Anieri-
oaii captain wronj^ in regard to the existence of
an important river on that portion of the coast,
the Uritish navi<rator proceeded to hit; survey of
the straits of Fiica, and the Anieriean captain
horo toward the opening of "Deception l)ay."

Before taking np the story of Gray's voyage,
we need to follow Vancouver and Uronghton in
their snrvey of the straits of Fuca and the adja-
-cent and connecting waters, as their survey of
these fall within the limits of country and time
to which our history is intended to lie con-
fined.

On the first of M.iy they sailed from cape
Flattery eastward, along the coast, following
the track of the Spanish navigators. Vancouver
named the Port Quadra of Quiniper Port Dis-
covery, after the name of his vessel. Just east-
ward of this port he entered the month of the
Canal do Caamano, as it was called by the same
Spaniard, which he called Admiralty inlet. This
he explored to its head, more than a hundred
miles from the straits, and the southernmost e.\-
teneion of it he named Puget's sound, while its
western branch he called Hood's canal, and its
eastern Possession sound. On the shore of Pos-
session sound the English landed on the 4th of
June, and celebrated the birthday of their
sovereign by taking possession in his name, and
"with the usual formalities of all that part of
New Albion, from the latitude of 39 degrees 20
minutes north, and longitude 236 degrees 26
minutes east, to the entrance of the inlet of the
sea, said to be the supposed strait of Juan de
Fuca. as also all the coasts, islands, etc., within
the said strait, and both its shores." So this
region thus claimed they gave the appellation
of New (ieorgia.

After completing his survey of these waters,
Vancouver sailed toNootkato attend to his duty
as royal commissioner, as before explained.
This attended to he again turned hib vessel

southward, for the story of Captain (iray about
the mouth of a great river was still exciting, if
not troubling him. On the 20th of October ho
was again off Deception bay. Lieutenant Hrongh-
ton in the Chatham entered the month of the
river on that day, but Vancouver was unable to
take in the Discovery, and being still of the
opinion that the stream was inaccessible to large
ships sailed for the bay of San Francisco, which
lie had appointed as the rendezvous for his ves-
sels in case of separation.

This was the close of Captain Vancouver's
work on the north Pacific coast. Lieutenant
Brougliton s|>ent some time in the river, reach-
ing in a row-boat a point of land he named
Point Vancouver, in honor of his captain, a place
which has retained the name of the English
navigator through all the changes of discovery
and history.

We are now ready to turn to the story of the
discovery of the great Kiverof the West by Cap-
tain Robert Gray. As the expedition which
resulted in this most important event was dis-
tinctively American, and was undertaken so soon
after the United States had achieved independ-
ence and became a recognized force among the
world's great powers, it seems proper that we
give it a somewhat particular setting forth. Be-
sides it was that one venture that thus early
gave the United States high place in the his-
tory of maritime adventure and discovery, and,
so far as claims from discovery and prior oceu-
pancy of any region can, under international
reasons, give any conntry a right to the posses-
sion and ownership of newly discovered uncivil-
ized lands, furnished the decisive ground for
America's claim to Oregon. It will be well,
therefore, if we, as Americans, pause long
enough here to get both the antecedent motives
and the real story of this expedition clearly set
in our minds.

For the unknown ages "The Oregon'' had
rolled unseen "tiirough the continuous woods" to
the sea. From the middle of the eighteenth cen-
tury the discoverers and adventurers of FVanco
and Spain and Portugal and England, as well as

HISTOKY OF OHEOON,

the "FreebociterA" of all clinies, liiid Iuhmi siiiliiij;
nil ocoiins tiiid ''Iiyiiif; nil shores in keen (jucst
of iiuw IhiiiIs to iiihi to olil (loininioMs, or of
treasiirt'B of gold ami silvur iintl precious stones
to iiiitke more plethoric their !iiitioiml treiisiires,
or adil new luster to their jew<»led crowns. Tiie
independent rovers sonj^ht forany prizeon sliipor
shore that could add to their accnmnlated spoils,
either of "heaiity or hooty."' The I'acilic ocean
was the great field of their unrestrained roam.
From the capitals of Kiirope it was across the
Atlantic ocean and the American continent on
the one side, and on the other behind the Indian
seas and Asia; the largest continent of the
globe. There they were secure from the direct
interference of courts or kings, and limited
only by their iron wills or streni^th came and
went at their pleasure. From island to main-
land they coursed the ocean. From the Bering
seas to Pata<;onia they traced the shorelines of
America. They discovered capes and head-
lands, bays and straits until they supposed they
had charted all the coast. Thus tiieir work
went on until 1780, and evc'i later, and still
"The Orejjon'' rolled unseen to the sea.

A story that had come at last to seem a myth
of some great "River of the West'' that went
down from the mountains toward the west, had
floated, in some mysterious way, into the thoughts
of geographers and explorers, and even a name,
— Oregon, had been given to it; but no eye save
that of whatever barbarous hordes might dwell
in its primeval solitudes, had ever seen its
springs or traced its course or noted its issue
into the ocean. Faith in its existence was well
nigh lost. How could it have been otherwise?
It had l)een one great object of the quest of the
navigators along the western coast. Means and
Cook and Van<!0uver, and all the navigators of
the Pacific coast had sought for its mouth every-
where from San Diego to where the Russian
J'ear guarded the l)leak headlands of Muscovian
America, and it could not be found. For them
it did not exist. Still, in another quarter and
among another people, events were drawing
toward a conclusion that would greatly change

international relations on the western <'()ast, and
instate a speciKcally American })owi!r among the
iMirojiean claimant> of its soil and sovereignty.
I.,et lis !»ee what they were.

The publication in 1784 of (^iptain ('ook's
journal of his third voyage awakened, not in
Kngland only, but New England as well, a pro-
found interest in the possibility of an important
and profitable trade on the Northwest coast. In
Moston a number of gentlemen took up the
matter serious y, and dct(!rmined ') embark in
the enterprise on their own account. The lead
ing spirit aii.ong them was Joseph Harrell, a
gentleman of cultivated tastes, wide knowledge
of affairs, hi ;^h tocial standing, and acknowl-
edged influence. Associated with him in close
relationship was Charles Itultinch, a recent
graduate from Harvard, and who had just re-
turned from pursuing special studies in Europe.
The other patrons of the enterprise conceived
by these gentlemen were Samuel Brown, a pros-
jierous merchant; John Derby, a shipmaster of
Sali'in; Captain Crowel Hatch, a resident of
Cambridge; and .John Martin Pintard of the
New Y'ork house of Lewis, Pintard «fe (Jo.
These six gentlemen subscribed over ^50,000,
and purchased the ship Columbia, or, as it was
afterward often called, Columbia Rediviva.

The Columbia was a full-rigged ship, eighty-
three feet long and of ■ 212 tons' burden. A
consort was provided for her in the Washington,
a sloop of ninety tons,' designed for cruising
among the islands and in the inlets of the coast
in the expected trade with the Indians. Small
as these vessels seem to us in this day of pon-
derous steamships, they were stanchly built,
and manned by skillful navigators. As captain
of the Columbia the company selected Captain
John Kendrick, an experienced officer, forty-five
years of age, who had done considerable priva-
teering in the Revolutionary war, and had since
commanded several vessels in the merchant
service. For the charge of the Washington
Captain Robert Gray, an able seaman, who had
been an officer in the Revolutionary navy, and
a personal friend of Captain Kendrick, was

n I STORY OF OliKOON.

41)

lioson. Tliene iiith. Btid experienced loaders
had e<iiially alilt' snlKirdiiiates. These were
Simeon Woodrutl, aIio hii<l i)eeii one of Cap-
tain Cooic'g otKoerri i'l hJM lant voyaj^o to the
Pacific, Joseph liijfr'.iiani, deHtined to lie a con-
spicuous tigure ill the trade tliey were to in-
augurate; and Uol)ert IlaHwell, son of a lien-
tenant in tiie Uritisii navy.

On tlie 30tii day of Soptenil)er, 17H7, tlie
two vesHsls in company saih^d out of HoHton
liarhor on tiieir lonif voyajjie. [t is not neces-
sary to our iiistory to trace that voyaj^e hy tlie
Oape Verde and Faulliland islands, around Gape
Morn and up the I'acific sea. On the way, on
tlie inornin;^ of April 1, 17SS, the vessels were
separated in a storm, and each pursued the voy-
age on its owii account. The \V"ashinfi;ton witli
(/a|)taiii Gray first saw the coast of New Alhion,
in latitude 41 degrees, near Cape Mendocino,
on the 2d day of August. Sailing up the coast,
in latitude 44" 20', they entered a harbor, which
they took to be "the entrance of a large river,
where great commercial advantages might be
reaped." Still farther up the coast they "made
a tolerably coinmodions harbor" and anchored
half a mile off shore. Here they were assailed
by the Indians and the vessel very narrowly es-
caped capture. They gave the place the appro-
priate name of ''Murderers' Harbor." It was
probably Tillamook bay. liaswell, who kept
a very circumstantial journal of th i \r 'dition,
thought it "must be the entrance ^ ..o River
of the West," though he considered it "by no
means a safe place for any but very small ves-
sels to enter." Captain Gray was glad to get
safely rid of "Murderers Harbor" and pursue
his northward voyage. He had so good a
breeze that he "passed a considerable length of
coast without standing in, thus sweeping di-
rectly by the month of the great river, of the
existence of which his maps and charts had
only some vague and entirely suppositious sug-
gestions. The chronicler of his voyage made
no allusions to any circumstance that would
indicate that they had the slightest idea that
any such river really entered the ocean in this

"length of coast." Farther north, on .\iigust
21, they saw '•excct'diiigly high iiKiniitiiiiis cov-
ered with snow." They puss the straits of
Fuca without noting them, although their
journalist says: "I am of the oiilninii that the
straits of Juan ilc Fuca do exist, though Cap-
tain Cook positively asserts they do not." On
thelflthilay of August the Wiishington ri.'achod
its destined harbor in Nootka sound; finding
two English vessels under I'ortugueHe colors at
anchor there, th(! Felices under Captain Means
and the Iphegenia under Captain Douglas, both
of whom received the little sloop with hospita-
ble friciidliiiesB.

Three days later the Knglishiiien launchi'd a
small schooner, which they named North West
America. This was the first vessel ever built
on the coast. It was a gala day, iMiglishmeii
and Americans cordially joining in its .'■■aintos
and festivities.

On the 23d cif August the Columliia, which
had been separated from the Washington for
nearly live months, apjieared in the offing; and
thus after nearly eleven months from
their clearance from Hoston these historic
vessels were reunited again on the other side
of the continent, and (.'aj)fain Kendrick again
assumed charge of the expedition.

Although, in this expedition, the mouth of
the mythioal great river was not discovered,
yet the knowledge gained of the coast by Cap-
tain Gray stood him in good stead, when
four years later, in command of the Colum-
bia, he was again U])on the northwest coast.

When the vessels had fulfilled their intended
stay on the coast. Captain Kendrick, as com-
mander of the expedition, decided to put the
ship's property on board the sloop and go on a
cruise with her himself, while Ca|)tain (iray
shonld take the Columbia to Boston by the way
of the Sandwich islands and China. The in-
cidents of her voyage are interesting, but thoy
are not in the course of our narrative. It
suffices to say that she left the harbor of Clay-
oquot July 30, 1789, and reached her destina-

jitMioitr (ly (iiiiiuo.y.

lion on tlu- K^tli of Aii^unt, 179l), liuviiig Hiiiled
\>y liui' log, oO.OOO iiiilco.

Tliis voyiifTc III' tile ('(iluiiiliia gave tlio ves-
Hfl, licr ollicfi'tt iiiiil ((Wiiors grunt ccliit. (lov-
ciiior .liilni Iliitii.Mck gave an eiitiTtHiiiment in
tlifir lioimi'. ThiMigli tlio pi\)tit8 of the M>yage
were small, it was an acliievenient to l)u |)ronil
of, and liH(l pre|mre(l tlio way lor niorti prolit-
(il)le traije in snlisecjiient yearti. Tiie owners of
tiie slii|) llierefore iinnu'diately projected a sec-
and voyage tor lior. Slie was pnt in [wrfect
iM'der, with new masts and 8|mr.-f and a com-
ph'te onttit, ami again li'ft lioston on tiie 28tli
of Septenilwr, ITIM), witli Captain Gray in eom-
iiiand and a weil-teleeted corps of oHicers and
coinpeteiit crew. Stopping only at tiie l''anlk-
iand islands for a few days, Captain Gray
sailed directly to ('layo(jnot, arriving there on
tlie 4tli day of .June, 171)1.

The in8t''nction8 to Captain Gray contem-
plated a season's trailo witli tiie natives on the
wast, then a visit to China for flie sale of the
furs he might obtain. lie was charged not to
/isit any Spani.sh port, not to trade with any
of the subjects of his Catholic majesty "for a
single farthing.'' Gray found the natives very
treaclierous and cruel. Three of his men were
mass.tcred. In .Inly Captain Kendrick in the
Washington arrived from (Jhina, and the two
vessels and commanders were rennited near
wliere they se|)arated two years before, one, the
Coluinl)ia having made the circuit of the

WuVlll.

In February, 1792, a plot was laid by the In-
dians for the capture of the ship. The crafty
cliiefs had endeavored to bribe Attoo -a Ha-
waiian lad, who had been taken by Captain Gray
from the Sandwich islands when on his way to
China, and who had remained with him until
now — to wet tiie ship's lirearms and give them
a lot of musket balls; promising to make him
a great chief. He informed the Captain of the
plot. Gray was greatly e.xcited. His heavy
guns were all on shore, but he ordered the
swivels loaded, the ship's people to come on
board, and the ship to be unmoored from the

shore and moved out from the bank. At mid-
night tlio warwiioop of the Indians rei<<Mindt>d
through the forests. Hunlreds of the savages
had asseiiibliMl, but on linding their plans frus-
trated by Gray's precautions tliuy instantly dis-
persed.

On the 2;}d of February, a sloop, which wan
built by the men of the Columbia, and named
the Ailventurer was launched. This was the
second vessel that was built (^n the coast. She
was fitted up, secured hor stores, and wi^nt
northward on a cruis(< under the command i>f
llaswell. ,\nd by this course of events we art;
brought up to a date and icident that took

the name of the Colui md of ('aptaiii

(rray, her commander, o..> lOe list of onlin-
ary shifw and ot-dinary commanders and fixed
them in a place of transcendent and enduring
fame. To this incident let us now carefully
attend.

Captain (iray now started on a cruise south-
ward. On theSythof April, 1792, he fell in
with Vancouver, who had l>een sent from En-
gland with three vessels of the royal navy ati
commissioner to execute the provisions of the
Nootka treaty, and to explore the coast. Van-
couver said he h id made no discoveries as yet,
and in<}uired if (Tray had made any. Gray re-
plied that he had: that in latitude 46° and W
he had recently iH'en otf the mouth of a river,
which for nine days he had tried to enter, but
the outset was so strong as to prevent it, but
he was going to try it again. Vancouver said
this must be the small opening lie had passed
two days before, which he thought might be a
small river, inaccessible because of the break-
ers extending across it. Of it Vancouver wrote
in his journal: " Not <!onsidering this opening
worthy of mention, I continued our pursuit to
the northwest."

What a turn was tli's in the affairs of men
and the ilestiny of the world. Had the British
navigator rmWy aeon the river it would certainly
have iiad another name, and the Pacific coast
another history.

The two uuvigators, the Briton and the Ainer-

HISTOID' OF OHKUOy.

loan, parMd hire, Vuncouvor cuntiniiiiig Inn
" piirHiiit to tlie iiortliwimt," and (}ray sailinir
Boiitliwiird ill the tract of destiny and >{iory.

On the 7tli of May lio saw an ontrance into
H bay, in latitude W 58', •• wliicii liad a very
good appoaraiicx' of a liarbor," and l)ort! away
anil ran in. TIhh he called liulfincli harlior,
but was Boon after deHJgnated an (rrayV Imrbor
B8 a desorvod compliment to (tray, by which
nainu it is still ami will ahv.iy:* bit known. Here
on a moonlight night he was attacked by
tile natives and w;i obliged to fire upon them
iti self-defense. < >u the lOtli of May he re-
sumed his course to the south, and at daybreak,
on the 11th, saw the entrance of his desired
port. As ho drew near, abuut eight o'clock, he
bore away with all sails sol, ran directly in be-
tween the breakers, and to his great delight
found his ship in a large river of fresh water
up which he steered ten miles. Here, rather
than change the phraseology of Captain (iray,
we give the e.vact laii>;tnage of Columbia's log
from May 7tli to May 21, 1792, at which date
the Columbia was again on her way to the
north, and sailing away from the bold headland
of "cape Hancock:"

May 7, 1792, a. m,: Being within six miles
of the land, saw an entrance in do., which had
a very good appearance of a harbor; lowered
away the jolly-boat and went in search of an
anchoring |)lace, the ship standing to and fro,
with a very strong weather current: at 1 P. m.
the boat returned, having found no place where
the ship could anchor with safety; made sail on
the ship — stood in for the shore; we soon saw,
from our masthead, a passage in between the
sand bars; at 3:30 bore away and run in north-
east by east, having from four to eight fathoms,
sandy bottom; and, as we drew in nearer be
tween the bars, had from ten to thirteen fath-
oms, having a very strong tide of ebb to stem;
many canoes alongside. At 5 p. m. came to in
five fathoms of water, sandy bottom, in a safe
harbor, well sheltered from the sea by long
sand-bars and spits; our latitude observed this
day was 4G° 58' north.

May 10: Fresh breu/.OH and pleasant wt^athur.
Many luitives alongcside; at noon all the canoes
left us; at 1 t: M. began to unmoor; took up
till* best bower anidior and hovu short on the
small do.; at Kultinch's harbor, now cilled Whit-
by's bay, 4-:3() being high water, hove up the
anchor and came to sail and a beating down the
liarbor.

May 11,7:30: Wo wor^^out clear of the bai-s,
and directed our course to the southward, alon;;
shore. At S r. >!.• the entrance of Hultinch's
liarbor bore north, distance four miles; the
Bonthorii extremity of thelanil bore south south-
east ime-lialf east, and the north do. north norili-
west; sent up the main topgallant yard and set all
sail; ut 4 a. m. saw the entraniie of our difsired
|)ort, bearing east southeast, ilistance six leagues
in steering sails, and liauleil our wind in shori': at
8 A. M., being a little to windward of tlw en-
trance of the harbor, bore away, and in ea<t
northeast between the breakers, having from five
to seven fathoms of water. When we were
over the bur we found this to be a large river of
fresh water, up which we steered; many canoes
came alongside. At 1 v. M.caine to, with small
bower, in ten fathoms; l)lack and white sand;
the entrance between the bars bore west south-
west, distance ten miles; the north side of the
river half a mile distant from the ship, the
south side do., two and a half miles distant;
a village on thenorth side of the river, west bi
north, distant three-quarters of a mile. Vast
numbers of natives came alongside; |)eople
employed in pumping the salt water out of our
water-casks in order to till with fresh while the
ship iioated in. So ends.

May 14: Fresh gales and cloudy; many na-
tives alongside. At noon weighed and came to
sail, standing up the river northeast by east.
We found the channel very narrow. At 4 p. m.
we had sailed upward of twelve or fifteen miles,
when the channel was so very narrow that it
was almost impossible to keep in it; having
from three to eighteen fathoms of water, sandy
bottom; at 4:40 the ship took ground, but she
did not stay long before she came oft without

Bl . Hi

iiisTdiiv i)F o/t/-:ao.\.

any ansistntiee; wc l)Hcked her off stem fore-
most , into tliri'o fiitiimns. iiiul let go the small
liower, and mooriMl bIiiji with kcdije anil Jiawber;
the jolly hoat was s^eiit to Miiind tiio channel
out, but it was not navitrahle any farther; to,
of course, we must have taken the wrons; chan-
nel. So ends, with rainy weatiier; many na
lives alongside.

Tuesday, Afay liJ: Light and pleasant
weather; many natives from (lif}(Ment tribes
came alongside. At 10 a. n.m. unmoored c id
dropped down with the tide to a better anchor-
inir pliice. Smiths and otiiertradesiuen constantly
em])loye(l. In the afternoon Captain Gray and
Mr. lloskins, in the jolly-boat, went on shore to
tf^ko a short view of the country.

May 1(): Liglit airs and cloudy- At 4 a.
M., hove up the anchor and towed down about
three miles with the last of tlie ebl)-ti(le; came
into si.\ fathoms, saiuly bottom, the jolly-boat
sounding the channel. At 10 a. m. a fresh
breeze came up the I'iver. With the first of the
ebb-tide we jjot under way and beat down tiie
river. At 1, from its be'- ,j; very equally, we
came to, about two miles from the village of
Cliinook, which bore west-northwest. Many
natives alongside; fresh gales and squally.

May 18 — I'leasimt weather; at 4 in the morn
ing, began to heave ahead; at 4:30, came to sail
standing down the river with the ebb-tide; at 7,
being slack water and the wind flattering, we
came to in five fathoms, sandy bottom; the
entrance between the barN bore .southwest by west,
distance three miles, the north point of the iiar-
borbore northwest. distance two miles; the south
bore southeast. distance two miles; the south bore
southeast, distance three and a half miles; at 9 a
breeze sprung uj) from the eastward; took up
the anchor and came to sail, but the wind soon
came flattering again; came to with the kedge
and hawser; veere<l out fifty fathoms. Noon,
pleasant; latitude observed, 4()°17 iicirth. At 1
came to sail with the first ebb-tide, and drifted
down broadside, with light airs and strong tide;
at three-quarters jinst, a fresh wind came from
the northward; wore ship and stood into the

river again. At 4 came to in six fathoms; good
holding ground, about six or seven miles up;
many canoes alongside.

May 19; Kresh winds and clear weather.
Early a number of canoes came alongside; .sea-
men and tradesmen employed in tlieir various
departments, ('aptain (xray gave this river the
name of Columbia river, and the north side of
entrance cape Hancock, the south side Adams'
Point.

May 20: (tentlo breeze and pleasant weather.
At 1 p. M.. being full sea, took up the anchor
and made sail, standing down river; at 2 the
wind left us, we being on the bar with very
strong tide, which sot on the breakers; it was
not possible to got out without a breeze to shoot
her across the tide, so we were obliged to bring
U|) in three and a half fathoms, the tide rcmning
five knots; at 2:45 a fresh wind came in from
the seaboard, we immediately came to sail and
beat over the bar, having from five to seven
fathoms of water; a breeze came fi-om the south-
ward; we bore aw.ty to the norttiward, set all
sail to the best advantage. At 8 cape Hancock
hove southeast, distant three leagues; the north
extreme of the land in sight l>ore north by
west. At y, in steering an(' topgallant sails .
Alidnight, light airs.

•May 21: At a. m. the nearest land in sight
bore east south east, distant eight leagues. At 7,
set topgallant sails and light stay-sails. .\t 11, set
steering sails fore and aft. Noon, jdeasant,
agreeable weather; the entraco of Hultinch's
harbor bore southeast by east half east, distant
live leagues.

This departure of the ship (Columbia, with
her gallant ^,,t|)tain aiul crew, from the mouth of
the great river henceforth to bear the name of
the vessel, whose keel tirst cleft its bosom, closes
the most eventful and thrilling chapter of
American discovery and adventure on the north-
wist coast. Fp to this time the "(treat River of
tie West'" had been but a dream, a vague and
UKcertitied conjecture. Henceforth it is an
ascertained aiul certitied reality; and after all
the efforts of jealous rivals for the fame of the

CTl

lUSTOHY OF OREOO.y.

important discovery, it must forever reiunin
true that on tlie lltli day of May, 1792, the first
real knowledge of the existence of this mighty
stream was gained by a civilized man, and tlie
name it hears forever monuments the day and
deed.

Undoubtedly Carver, to whom the word Ore-
gon is traced, may have heard of the river in
1707 from the Indians of the Rocky mountains;
ami Ileceta in 1775 was near enough to its
mouth to believe in its existence; and Means
in 1788, named caj)e Disappointment and De-
ception bay; hut none of these saw the river,
nor really knew it existed. Means, whose claim
as its discoverer England maintained so long
and strenuously, showed by the very names he
gave the cape and tin ny that he was deceived
about it. And, to conclude the argument
against himself, he gave not the slightest sug-
gestion of t' \ cr on his map. The honor of
discovery nn. ver rest with Gray. His

was the lirst shiji !■■ 'rleave it- waters; his the
tirst chart ever made of i^s iiores; his the first
landing ever effected there bv civilized men.
and the name he gave it has ncen universally
accepted. The flag he there threw to the breez(
was the first ensign of any nation that ever waved
over these unexplored banks, and tin cere-
mony of occupation that he perfor ■ d was
something more than a meaningless pastime. It
was a serious act performed of national sig-
nificance, and was by liim reported to t!ie wor'
as soon as possible. And when we rery r
that as a result of this came the expodiiuni of
Lewis and Clarke in 1804 and 1805, and the
American settlement of Astoria in 1811 — to say
nothing of the diplomatic acquisitions of the
old Spanish riglits by the United States — we
may safely say that the title of the United States
to the Columbia river and thu country drained

by its waters became incontestable. And hence
the outcome of the Oregon (question in 1846.

Though with their departure from the river
the Columbia and her officers and crew ceased
to have any active association with the liistory
and development of the region for which tbey
had done so mucli, yet patriotism as an Ameri-
can, and gratitude as an Oregonian, require that
in a few sentences we trace their liistory to its
end.

The Columbia remained u])on the northwest
coast during the summer of ! 792, and Captain
(iray ]inrsued an industrious trade with the In-
dians in furs under many disadvantages ;ind
attended liy many dangers. In the autnnu he
hoisted sail for home, by the way of the Sand-
wich islands and China, amidst the cheers of
bis crew, who sang a joyous " homeward bound"
as they spread the canvas to the breeze. At
last, after all her rovings, the good ship reached
Boston July 20, 1793, having immortalized, if
n< t enriched, her owners, officers anii crew;
wlilch is, after all, tlu; greatest possible enrioh-
• ment.

In a few years the ship was worn out and
ili^mautled, and soon iier chief officers all passed
, tay Kendrick never returned to America.
Gray commanded several vessels after this and
died at Charleston, South Carolina, in 1806.
Ingrahaui became an officer in the navy, and
went down with the ill-fated brig Pickering in

1800. Davidson was lost on the Rover in the
Pacific, and Haswell sailed for the last time in

1801. and was also lost on the return voyage.
Their names, however, will always be associated
with the ships they sailed and served so well,
and as long as the " Great River of the '"'•^st"
flows to the sea so long will the Coluni ;. ,'e
gratefully and proudly remembered by the
American people. ■

UlSrOHY OF OREOON.

ili

CIIAPTEU VI.

SI !

■i ,11

OVEULAND EXPLOKATIONS.

SrAiN Lki) Makitime Discovkkiks — France Led Land Explokations — New Conditions and Com-
binations — England's I'osrnoN — McKknzie's Joukneys — Imtortant Coincidence — Jeffer-
son's Piioi'osrnoN— Lewis and Clarke's Instuuctionsto Tiikm — Louisiana Ceded — Lewis and
Clarke Set Out — Tuir over the '• Stony Mointains'' — Voyage down Snake Rivek — Rea(;ii
the Ocean — Winter Quarters— Start Homeward — Discovery of the Willamette River

- Yei.lei't's Tkavei. up the Nez Perces Trail — Reach the United States — Mr. Jefferson's
Statement — I-kwis made Governor, and Clahke General and Indian Agent — Captain
Jonathan Carver — First Uses the Name "Oregon '"— Caitain J. C. Fremont's Expeditions

— RoLTK OF Travel — Visits Salt Lake — Reache.s the Dalles — Visits Vancouver — Win-
ter Journey to California. ^

\\ I,

fll E coiirst' of oiir narrative, during the long
period ot •'iine in wliich the Pacific coast
of North America wa3 being slowl}'
brought to the knowledge of civilized man,
shows tliat the Frenciiinan and the Spaniard
were the pioneers of exploration in that region,
l)oth by sea and land. Spain led the maritime
nations in distant and successfiil voyages. The
Voyage of Colnmbus nnder the anspiees of Fer-
dinand, his noble qneeii Isabella, whose reign
over the united kingdoms of Castile and Aragon
gave Spain so imicli glnry in that iidveiitmons
and chivalrous age, had kindled every maratitne
Si)aniard into a very knight of the seas, and
inspired the whole nation with a burning zeal
for discovery and ooncjuest of distant lands.
For Spain the times were propitious. Her
rulers were among the greatest and most re-
nowned of all ages of the world. Ferdinand
and Isabella were succeeded byCJliarles the Fifth,
one of the most enlightened and ]iowerful mon-
archs that ever sat an any throne. He was suc-
ceeded by his son Philip, who, though haughty
and imperious, so carried forward the ideas and
purposes of his great father that his kingdom
reached the very zenith of power and influence
in the councils of the European inonarchs. Tlie
woe pronounceil iijioii a " land whose king is a

child " could not fall upon Spain during this
period. Weak and iusterless as may now bo
the condition of the S])anish nation, <tnd little as
her power is felt or feared in the world today,
then soon the Saxon uskcd privileges of the
Castilian, and measured his own power by tlie
standard of the other's greatness. Under the
impulse thus pervading the Spanish nation, her
banner was pushed into every sea, and her
cavaliers led all armies of distant conc^uest, es-
pecially in the new world. Other portions of
our history illustrate wliat here we need only
announce.

While Spain led maritime discoveries, the
facile and plast.c Frenchman led the land ex-
plorations into the interior of the western con-
tinent. Fraii,;e had a strong holding on the
eastern shore of America north of the St. Law-
renc —a point of great advantage in intro-con-
tinental explorations. In addition to this she
had planted her colonies at the mouth of the
Mississippi, and stretched a cordon of posts
southeastward from Quebec to the (Jhio, thus
lieinniing the English into a comparatively
narrow belt of ei)untry on the Atlantic sea-
board, and leaving free to her adventurous
roamers the vast, and as yet unknown regions
that stretched westward and northward, no one

l< ,

lIlsrORY OF OHFMON.

conld tell how far or how wide. The French
pnslieU their advantages by land, as did Spain
hers by sea, and as early as 1743 their explora-
tions had reached the heart of the Rocky
mountains. From Canada and from Louisi-
ana, >ip the lakes and up the Mississippi
and Missouri rivers, the BVenchman's piro-
gue kt'pt movement with the voyageurs'
.songs as these care-free men of France
pushed tl'fiir trade and travel into the middle of
the continent. The French and English war of
1756, however, by giving England the oppor-
tunity to wrest Canadafrom the weakened grasp
of France, put a sudden stop to her movements
in the line of explorations from tliat province,
and opened the same opportunity to England
that France had previously enjoye<l. Bnt, though
the opportunity was before her. Great Britain
was so fully occupied with her European difK-
culties, and the care of her American colonies,
already growing restive under the grievances of
her misrule, demanded so much of the attention
of her parliament and rulers, that she could at-
tempt nothing further than to hold her -'reign of
vantage" securely for at least a quarter of a cen-
tury.

During the progress of this quarter of a cen-
tury new conditions and combinations had
arisen. England lost all her coloi\ies on the
Atlantic coast south of the St. Lawrence. France
liad sold Louisiana to Spain. Thus England's
opportunities were contracted, those of France
were destroyed, and the new republic of America
was as yet unable to enter the field of explora-
tion and colonization. At this period the con-
tinental position was this: Spain, after her
purchase of Louisiana from France, had pro-
prietary claim to all the country west of the
Mis.-iiseippi river to the Pacific ocean, with no
very clearly defined northern limit to her claims.
England held the country northward of the great
lakes and the St. Lawrence river, extending in-
definitely westward, above the forty-ninth parallel
of latitude. The United States held actually
the country east of the summits of the Alle-
ghany mountains, including the six Now Eng-

land States and New York, and had ownership
of all the country westward of the Alleghanies
which England had conquered from France in
the war of 1750. These were the powers that,
after the American Revolution, stood looking
to the yet unknown West as the place for the
future aggrandizement of their respect! ve for-
tunes, and this was the condition in which
they looked to the future and prepared for its
issues.

The advantages of the condition were with
Great Britain. She had grown to be the lead-
ing power of Europe. Already the swing of
conquest was in the movement of her legislation
and her peoples. While the wars of the past
twenty years had taxed, they had not paupered
her. She was strong, consoli<late(i, ambitious,
courageous; and slie was Saxon, — the blood of
endurance and conquest.

Spain held her position in the south and west
by a precarious tenure, and she so felt the
feebleness of that tenure, that she neither made
nor cared to make any vigorous movements to
extend her possessions or to strengthen her
holdings in America. The United States, geo-
graphically, held the center of opportunity, but
the almost chaos of the era that followed the
close of the Revolutionary war was over the face
of her political history, and she needed time in
which to gird herself for the strain of the future.
But she had the strength to wait, for she, t<jo,
was Saxon. And so, with the parties in direct
interest in the movements that were so surely
to follow preparing for the race of empire west-
ward, we come to the real opening of the era
of discovery by land westward of the great
monntaius.

These were begun solely by private enter-
prise for individual gain. They early reached
the Athabasca and Saskatchow.in. But the
field was too great for individual resources, and
besides the Hudson's Bay Company entered the
field with a competition which could only be
met by combination. So the Northwest Com-
pany of Montreal was formed in 1784 for the
express purpose of meeting and overcoming the

HISTORY OF ORKOON.

comp(>tifiuii of tli(! Iliitlson's Hay Cinnpiiuy,
which liiid proved so niiiioiis to the individual
traders wlio iiad ventured into tiie country hu-
I'ore. In a very few years tiiis became a most
prosperous and ])o\verful organization, and its
traders and explorers tilled all tiio country cast
of the liocky mountains as far north us the
Arctic and as far south as the Missouri.

The irreat headquarters of this ("onipany was
at "Fort Chippewyan " oti Lake Athabasca, and
were under the charge on Alexander Mackenzie,
a very resolute and able man, whose enterprise
in explorations stamped his name of the geog-
raphy of all the west and nortli. In 1791 he
organized a small party for a western exploration,
intending to prosecute his journey until he
reached the Pacific ocean. He had, two years
before, discovered the river tiiat bears his own
name, and followed it from its source in Great
Slave lake to where it <lischarges its waters into
the Arctic ocean. U.aing thus a8certaine<l the
character and extent of the country to the north-
west, he was determined to develop the charac-
ter of riiat to the west by the expedition on
which he was now enterinif. Ilo left Fort
C;hipewyan on the lOth of October, 1791,
and with much ditHculty ascended tiie Peace
river from Lake Athabasca to the foot of the
Uocky itioiiiitains. where the party encamjjed
for the winter. In June of the following year
he resumed his journey, slill following up the
same streai i. which he traceu fo its source near
the lifty-rourth parallel of latitude and distant
a'lout 1.000 miles from its iiouth. Only a
thort distance from the spring s of the I'eaee
river he came upon those o'i another stream
flov. lug westward, called by che natives Taoou-
tche^ Tesaee, down which he floated in canoes
about 250 miles. Leaving tiic river, he then
proceeded westward overland, and on the 22d
of duly, 1792, rcMched the Pacific ocean, at the
moutl) of an inlet in latitude 52° 10'. This
inlet had, only a few weeks previously, been
surveyed by the fleet of Vancouver; and thus
Mackenzie had connected the laud and water

explorations of Great Britain on the Pacific
coast.

Mackenzie reached tlie coast far north of the
mouth of the river on which he had sailed in his
canoes so tar to the southwest. On his return
to Fort Chipptwyan, late in August, 1792, he
learned of the discovery of the mouth of the
Columbia by Gaptain Gray, when he at once
concluded that the stream he had followed so
far W!'s the upper part of that river, and it was
.-'0 considered by geographers until 1812, or
twenty years after Mackenzie's jonrney, when
Simon Fraser, of the same company as Macken-
zie, traced it to its mouth in the gulf of
(Georgia, a little north of the 49" of latitude.
Since that time it has been known as P'raser's
river. To Alexander Mackenzie doubtless bo.
longs the honor of making the flrst journey
down the western slope of the great Uocky
mountain chain to the Pacific ocean; though it
was made wholly north of the parallel that was
subsequently fixed as the boundary line between
the British possessions on the American conti-
nent and the United States.

It is somewhat a striking coincidence that the
flrst iinport.iiit .Vmerican movement for an ex-
ploration by land of the country lying on the
nortli Paciflc coast was made the same year that
Mackenzie accomplished his journey to the Pa-
ciflc and that Captain Gray sailed into tlie
month of the Columbia river. Thomas Jeffer-
son, at that time the representative of the
United States Government at the court of Ver-
sailles, became deeply interested as an Ameri-
can in this great western region. lie proposed
to the American Philosojihical Society that a
subscription be raised for the purpose of defray-
ing the expenses of an exploration, and a person
be employed competent to conduct it. lie
wished it to "ascend the Misuouri river, cross
the Stony mountains, and descend the nearest
river to the Pacific." His suggestion was act-
ed upon by the society, and Captain Meri-
wether Lewis, on the recoininendation of Jef-
ferson, was selected to lead the expedition;
and Andre Micheaux, a distinguished French

HIHTOHY OF OltEOON.

botiinifct, wns chosen to iiccoinpany liini. Tliey
proceeded as far as Kentucky, when Mr. Mich-
eanx was recalled hy the French minister at
Washington and the expedition was given up.

The ne-xt inovonient for the accomplishment
of the same purpose was while the treaty was
peiidinj; between Mr. Jefferson, then President
of the United States, and Napoleon, then ruler
of France for the transfer of the claims of
France, to the whole Northwest to the United
States. On the 18th of January, 1803, the
president transmitted a special niessaj^e to Con-
gress in which he incorporated a recommendation
that an official expedition be dispatched on the
same errand contemplated in the one that had
been abandoned. An ample appropriation was
made, and again Captain Lewis, then private
secretary to the president, was chosen to con-
duct it. He solicited William Clarke as his
associate.

The instructions issued to these gentlemen,
by Ml'. Jefferson, while specilic as to purpose,
were broad as to geograj)hical extent. In them
he says;

" The object of your mission is to explore the
Missouri river and such principal streams of it
as, by its course and communication with the
waters of the Pacific ocean, whether the Colum-
bia, Oregon, Colorado, or any other river, may
offer the most direct and practicable water com-
munication across the continent for the pur-
poses of commerce."

They were directed to thoroughly inform
themselves of the extent and number of the In-
dian tribes, their customs and degrees of civil-
ization, and to report fully upon the topography
of the regions through which they passed, to-
gether with the character of the soil, natural
])r(iduct8, animal life, mineral resources, climate,
and to inquire particularly into the fur trade
and the needs of commerce. When these in-
structions were given, Louisiana had not been
ceded to the United dtates, and hence Mr.
Jefferson continued:

" ^'our mission has been communicated to the
ministers here from France, Spain and Great

Britain, and through them to their govern-
ments; and such assurances given them as to
its objects as we trust will satisfy them. The
country of Louisiana having been ceded by
Spain to F'rance, the [)assport you have from the
minister of France, the representative of the
present sovereign of that country, will be a pro-
tection with all its subjects; and that from the
minister of England will entitle you to the
friendly aid of any traders of that allegiance
with wh.itr: y .;,i may happen to meet."

A few days before the expedition was ready
to start, the joyful intelligence was received
that France had formally ceded Louisiana to the
United States; lien^^e the passport of the repre-
sentative of the I'^rench government at Wash-
ington was not needed.

Captain Lewis left Washington on the 5th
day of July, 1803, and on arriving at Louis-
ville, Kentucky, was joined by Clarke. They
selected their party, went as far as St. Louis,
near which they went into camp, and remained
until the final start was made, on the 14th day
of May, 1804. The party now consisted of
Captains Lewis and Clarke, nine young men
from Kentucky, fourteen soldiers, two F'rench
C'anadian voyageurs, an interpreter and hunter,
and a negro servant of Captain Clarke, The
party ascended the Missouri river as far as
the country of the Mandan Indians, with which
tribe they remained all winter.

Their westward journey was resumed in the
spring of 1805. They followed up the Mis-
souri, of whose course and tributaries and
characteristics they had obtained very accurate
information from the Mandans. Passing the
mouth of the Yellowstone, or Roche Jaune of
the French Canadian trappers and voyageurs
who had already visited it, they continued up
the Missouri, passing its great falls and cas-
cades, and ascending through its mighty caflon,
crossed the Koeky mountain divide and de-
scended its western side to the stream now
known at different points on its course as
" Deer Lodge," " Hellgate." " Bitter Root,"
" Clarke's F'ork," and " Pend d' Oreille." Upon

HIHTOHY OF OlUidOX.

ill \i

this stream they liestowed the nainoof " Clarke's
river." From this river tlie advance party,
micler Clarke, crossed the Hitter Hoot inoiuitaiiis
by the Lolo trail. On tiiese rugged heijflits
they suft'ered intensely from cold and hunger.
On the 2()th day of September they came to a
village of Nez Perces Indians, situated on a
plain about fifteen miles from the south fork of
(Jlearwater river, where tiiey were received witli
great hospitality.

Wlieu they reached the Nez Perces village
the party was nearly famished, and they partook
of such (quantities of the food so liberally pro-
vided by their Indian hosts that many of them
became too ill to proceed until the second day,
and among that number was (Marke himself.
As soon as tiiey were able to proceed, they went
to the village of the chief, Twisted Hair, situated
on an island in the stream. To tliis river
Clarke gave the name " Koos-koos-kee," doubt-
less slightly misunderstanding the woi'ds used
by the Nez Perces in distinguishing it from the
Snake river, into which it enters, — ''Koots-
koots-liee," — which those acquainted with the
Nez Perces tongue say is a descriptive term,
and means "This is the smaller.''

Here the two parties were united, and after
resting, a few days, journeyed on down the
Clearwater. The company was now utterly ex-
hausted. Many found it ditficult to sit upon
their horses. Captain Lewis was very ill The
weather was hot and oppressive. They felt that
they could j)roceed no farther in their former
manner of traveling, and the commanders re-
solved to prepare canoes, and prosecute the
remainder of their journey in them. With
Twisted llair as guide, Clarke proceeded about
five miles, where suitable timber was found,
and encamped on the low ground opposite the
forks of the river.

When their canoes were constructed, leaving
their horses and equipage with Twisted Hair,
they embarked on the Clearwater on their jour-
ney toward the Pacific.

They were not long in reaching Snake river,
which, in honor of Captain Lewis they called

"Lewis river." Down that stream to the Co-
lumbia was a qnick and rapid passage. Down
the Columbia was not less rapid, and they
reached the cascades of that stream on the 21st
(lay of October. Making the portage of the
cascades they embarked again, passed the mouth
of the Willamette without observing it, and oti
the 15th day of November reached cape Disap-
pointment and looked out on the great ocean,
which had been the goal of their journoyiug
for u)ore than a year.

They remained near the ocean, wintering in a
log dwelling which they erected on the south
side of the C'olumbia, which they called "Fort
(Matsop," in honor of the Indians which inhab-
ited that region. Hoping that some trading
vessel from which they could replenish their
stores would visit the river tliey delayed their
departure houicward until the 23d of March,
1800. Uefore leaving they gave the chiefs of
the Clatsops, and also of the Chinooks, who re-
sided on the north side of the river, certificates
of hospitable treatment, aud posted a writing on
the wall of their cabin in tiiese words:

"The objec't of this last is, that through tho
medium of some civilized person, who may see
the same, it may be made known to the world
that the party, consisting of the persons whose
names are hereunto annexed, and who were sent
out by the Government of the United States of
.\merica to explore the interior of the continent
of North America, did penetrate the same by
the way of the Missouri and (Jolumbia rivers to
the discharge of the latter into the Pacific ocean,
where they arrived on the 14th day of Novem-
ber, 1805, and departed tho 23d day of March,
1806, on their return to the United States by
the same route by which they had come out."

To this paper were appended the names of
the members of the expedition. Several co])ies
of the paper were left among the Indians and
the following year one of them was handed by an
Indian to Captain Hall, an American trader,
whose vessel, the Lydia, had entered the Colum-
bia river. By him it was taken to China and
thence to the United States. Therefore had

niHTOHY OV OIIKOON.

tlio jxtrty perislied on tlieir return, evidence of
tlie completion of their purpose would have been
left behind thenfi.

Their journey out had been ro long and its
expense so great that, on taking an invoice of
tlieir possessions on starting on the return jour-
ney they found that they had available for tratKc
with the Indians only six blue robes, one scarlet
robe, one United States artillery hat and coat,
five robes made from the national ensign, and
a few old clothes trimmed with ribbons. Upon
this scant store must they depend for purchas-
ing provisions and horses, and paying tribute
to stubborn chieftains, through whose domin-
ions they might pass on their long homeward
journey.

Oti their return they proceeded np the south
side of the Columbia, coming unexpectedly
upon a large river flowing into it from the
south. On an island at its mouth was a
large Indian village called "Multnomah,"
which name they understood to ajiply to the
river they had discovered, of the course of
which tliey made careful inquiry. The result
of these inquiries was noted in the map of the
expedition, making the river to flow from Cali-
fornia to the north and west, and the Indian
tribes that actually resided on the waters of
Snake river to reside upon its banks. Tlvir
journey np stream was far more tedious with
their canoes than had been their passage down,
away to the numerous rapids and cascades; and
at the mouth what they called Lapage river —
now "John Day"— they abandoned their canoes
and packing their baggage on the back of a few
horses that they had purchased from the In-
dians proceeded up the southern bank of the
Columbia on foot. Crossing the Umatilla river,
called by them the You-ma-lo-law, they arrived
at the mouth of the Walla Walla on the 27th
day of April.

The greatest Indian chief of the Pacific coast,
at that time, if not indeed of all tradition, was
then at the head of the Walla nation. His
name was Vellept. The story of his life and
death, as handetl down by the traditions of his

people, is of the niofet thrilling and romantic
character, but belongs rather to such writitigs
as Cooper's than to the soberchronicles of history.
This powerful chieftain received the company
with most generous hospitality, which ciiarmed
the travelers into some lingering before they
ventured farther into the wild gorges of the
mountains. The journal of the expeditioti re-
cords tlie kindness of these Indians with many
appreciative words and closes its notice of them
by saying: "We may indeeil, justly affirm that
of all the Indians thai we have seen since leav-
ing the United States the Walla Wallas were
the most hospitable, honest and sincere."

Leaving these hospitable people on the 29th
of A))ril the party passed eastward on the great
" Nez Perces trail." This trail was the great
highway of the Walla Wallas, Cayuses and Nez
Perces eastward to the buffalo ranges, to which
they aimunlly resorted for game 8\ipj)lies. It
passed np the valley of the Touchet, called by
Lewis and Clarke the " White Stallion " — thence
over the high prairie ridges, and down the
Alpona to the crossing of Snake river, then up
the north bank of Clearwater to the village of
j Twisted Hair, where tlie exploring party had left
their horses on their way down the previous
autumn. It was worn deep and broad, and in
many stretches on the open j)lains and over tlie
smooth hills twenty horsemen conld ride abreast
in the parallel paths worn by the constant rush
of the Indian generations from time immemo-
rial. The writer has often passed over it when
it lay exactly as it did when the tribes of
Yellept and Twisted Hair traced its sinuous
courses, or where Lewis and Clarke and their
companions lirst marketl it with the heel of
civilization. But the plow has long .lincc oblit-
erated it, and where the monotonous song of
the Indian's inarch was droningly chanted for
80 many barbaric ages, tlie song of the reaper
thrills the clear air as he comes to his garner
bringing in the sheaves. A more delightful
ride of a hundred and fifty miles than this tliat
the company of Lewis and Clarke made over
the swelling prairie upland and along the crys-

B«

lllsroHY OF (iltEaoN.

till sticuiiis lii'tweuii Wiillii Wiilla and llic villajfo
of Twibtt'il Hair, in tiiu Bot't May du^^ of lSO(i,
can scarct-'ly he foiiiMi aiiywiicre on earth.

For tiiu piirposuB of tiiis narrativo it is not
necessary to truce tiiu explorations of tiiuse trav-
elers fartlier. interestinir as they would lie, for
they scarcely helong directly toOreiron history.
With the usnal adventures of explorers in the
nnfrequented reffions which thoy traversed they
followed homeward the jiath of their outward
advance, and reached St. Louis on the 25th of
Septenilier, 1800, having; heen ahsent nearly two
years and a half.

Their safe return lo the United States sent a
thrill of rejoicing through the country. Mr.
Jeiferson. the irreat patron and iiispirerof the
expedition, says of it:

■• Never did a similar event excite more joy
throuiihont the l'nite<l States. Tiie humblest
of its citizens had taken a lively interest in tiie
issue of this journey, and looked forward with
impatience to the information it would furnish.
Their anxieties, too, for the safety of the corps
had been kept in a state of excitement by lugu-
brious rumors, circulated from time to time on
uncertain authorities, and uncontradicted by
letters, or other direct information, from the
time they had left the Mandan towns on their
ascent np the river in April of the preceding
year, 1805, until their actual return to St.
LouiB.

Captain Lewis, soon after his return, was
apjiointed governor of Louisiana, and Captain
Clarke was made general of militia of the same
territory and Indian agent for the vast region
he had so successfully explored. Both had per-
formed inestimable services for tlieircountry,aiid
were well worthy of generous reward. For
themselves they had achieved a lasting fame.
Their names will be remembered as long as the
crystal waters of " Clarke's fork " or deep How
of " Lewis river " roll to the Pacific sea.

Tliere is another incident of exploration
wliich. perha]>s, should have a place in our narra-
tive, and which may appear here, parenthet-
ically, as suitably as elsewhere.

The name of Captain Jomitlian Carver, of
Connecticut, who, t(!ii years before the Ameri-
can revolution, visited the region." of the upper
Mississippi, has l)ecoine connected with the his-
tory of Oregon, not so much from what he really
ilid in the way of exploration and discovery as
for what luulesired or intended to do. Captain
Carver had won some credit in the war against
the French in which jMigland hsd wresteii from
I' ranee her American ])ossessions. and was in-
spired with zeal to establish Knglish ascendency
over the entire northern part of the American
continent. From all that appears Carver's act-
ual travels were limited to a visit to the regions
of the upper Mississippi, which he reached by
the way of Detroit and Michilinuickinae. His
object, as stated in the introduction to his book,
which was published in London, in 1778, was:
"After gaining a knowledge of the manners, cus-
toms, languages, soil, and natural productions of
the different nations that inhabit the back of the
Mississippi, to ascertain the breadtii of the vast
continent which extends from the Atlantic to
the I'acitic oceans, in its broadest part, between
the forty-thinl and forty-sixth degrees of north-
ern latitude. Had 1 been ab"'^ to accomplish
this, I intendedto have proposed to the Govern-
ment to establish a post in some of these parts,
about the strait of Anian, which, having been
discovered by Sir Francis Drake, of course be-
longs to the Knglish. This, I am convinced,
would greatly facilitate the discovery of a north-
west passage, or a communication between
Hudson's bay and the Facitic ocean.'' Being
unable to prosecute his purp'"' , to proceed "lo
the headwaters of the Great Kiver of the West,
which falls into the strait of Anian." he
gathered what little information he could from
the tribes with whom ho came in contact; made
somewhat large extracts from French journals
and histories, and gave all to the world under
the title of I^ands Throughout the Interior Farts
of North America in 1706-'08.'' A notice of
his work belongs to these pages only because
of a iirief reference to tlie "Great Kiver of the
West," and the fact that he, so far as can i>e

MimmmmimM^

HISTORY Oh' OIlKaON.

nsctTtaiiied, first uses tlie wonl Orcj^nn as tlip
name of the soinewliat niytliical "(irent River."

It is due to lijistory, ]icrimp8, tliat we tran-
scrilie tiie Uricf paseai^e in wliicli lu; Hi)eal<» of
the groat etreain wiiieh he thuit desi 'iiaten. It
ig IIS roiiowa:

"From thjse nations [called i>y liim Xaiido-
wessies, the Assinopoils, and the KilliMlionor»l,
together with my own ol)Hervation8, I have
learned that the fonr most capital rivers of
Nortli Amerien,- -the 8t. Lawrence, the Miesis-
slpj)i, the river I'onrhon, and the Ore<jon, or
River of tlie West, have their sourceH in the
fame neighhorhooil. The wafer> of the three
former are within thirty miles of eacli other;
the latter, known as lather farther west. This
sliowe that these parts are the highest in North
America: and it is an instance not to be paral-
leled in the other tliree-(iiiarters of the world,
that fonr rivers of such magnitude should take
their rise together, and each, after running sep-
arate eonrses, discharge their waters into differ-
ent oceans, at a distance of 2,0(K) miles from
their sources; for in their passage from this
Bjiot to the bay of St. I/iwrence, east, to the
bay of Mexico, south, to Hudson's bay, north,
anil to the bay at the straits of Anian, west,
each («f these traverse upward of 2,000 miles."

It would hardly seem to the historian of the
present, that there was enough in this |)ara-
graph, which embraces all Tarver says respect-
ing the Oregon, or the "Great River of the
West," to associate his name in any way with
Oregon liistory, and there is really not, except
for his first using the name " Oregon." Though
his use of that name was not such as clearly to
iijentify it with the river whose mouth was dis-
covered by Captain Gray in 1792, and which
he appropriately called the (!olnmbia, it really
did furnish the name for this vast region west-
ward of the liocky nmiintains, lying between the
42ii degree of latitude and 54" 40' , and includ-
ing the present three great northwestern States
of the American Union. Carver gives no ac-
count of tlie origin of the name Oregon, and no
authority for its use, and up to this time no

research has been able to discover them. There
is little doubt but that it was invented by Car-
ver, and that it has no liisforii- or scientitic ^ig-
nifieanee whatever, except as it is assoi'iated
with the mythical (treat River of the West, and
I from thai passed to represent the vast country
through which it was believed to flow. At
length Hryant made it classic in his Thamitop-
sis when ho sang of

"TliB I'onliniious wooil where lolU the Dregon,
Anil lieara no aoumi Hiive Us own dashing."

So we trust to be |)ardoned for not pursnitig a
wearying investigation into the derivation or
meaning of the name Oregon, since all the
studies of antiquarians have failed to do more
than reach the conclusion we have aniumnced
in a single sentence.

These two early expeditions, that by Macken-
zie in 1702, under the auspices of a eomjiany
wholly British, and that of Lewis & Clarke in
lS05-'06 under the direction of the (lovernment
of the United States, are, perhaps, the only ex-
peditions across the American continent entitled
to be classed as exploring. Those that followed
these entered more into the fabric of the history
of the regions by them brought to the knowl-
edge of the civilized world: and they will, as
far as necessary, be treated of as such in their
proper places. If any exception to this is al-
lowed it should refer to the expeditions of Capt-
ain Fremont, to whi<di, as they were under he
auspices and at the expense of the L'nited States
Government, it seems j)roper that a brief refer-
ence shall be made. They had for their object
geographical and topographical information in
relation to Oregon.

John C. PVemont was a member of the Corps
of Topographical Engineers of the United States,
appointed from civil life, and hence not enter-
ing that service through the door of West Point.
He was restlessly ambitions, in love with adven-
ture and anxious to distingnish himself. For
his fame he fell on auspicious times. Public
attention was strongly directed toward (Oregon.
lie Eolicited an apjiointment to the command
of an expedition, which he had desired himself

iirsronr oh' oiikuon.

:' 11

to exploit' 1111(1 map out tlm coiiiitry went of Mi«-
Houi'i iiK far 118 tin; South I'lms in tliii Kocky
niountiiitis. Ill ftcconlniii'C! willi IiIh rocjiiuHt
(Joloiioj ,1. .1. Al>ut, cliiel' of the Corps of the
Topoj;;riipliical EnjfiiieerB, oi'derwi the expedition
ftiid gave its cuiiimaiid to Captain I'reiiiont. Ab
this expedition of 1S42 had littlt; more to do
with Oregon than to prepare the way for the one
of the followiiii; vt'i"' which was continued in
foree to the dalles of the (Joluniliia and \>y ('apt-
aiii Fremont himself to Fort \^iiiconver we can
dismiss it with this hricf reference.

The second expedition, that of 1843, like tliat
of the preceding yenr, was orj^anized at Captain
Fremont's own solicitation. He dictated its
ohject, marked out its route and selected its per-
sonnel. Its oliject was to connect hi.s own sur-
vey of the previous year, which reached as far
west as the South Pass, with that of ( 'ommander
Wilkes on the coast of the Pacific ocean. He
selected a company of thirty-three men, princi-
pally of Creole and (Canadian French, with a
few Americans, and leaving Kansas landing on
the ^[issoiiri river on the 2yth of ^^ay, reached
the teriiiination of his former recoiinoissance in
the South Pass, by the way of the Kansas, Ar-
kansas and upper Platte rivers, passinir r)ver the
spot where Denver now is, on tlui liJth of Au-
gust. Here he entered Oregon, makiiiir tliisj
frank record that " the hroad. smooth hij^hway
where the numerous heavy waj^o ns of the emi-
grants had entirely heaten and crushed the ar-
temisia. was a happy exchange to our poor
animals for the sharp rocks and tough shrubs
among which they had been toiling so long. "
This, it will be remembered, was the great emi-
gration of 184B, and Captain Fremont makes
no claim in his reports to have had anything to
do with pioneering its way or contributing to its
safe condu(!t, as his was a purely scientific and
topographical expedition, and, in t)ur8Uaiice of
these juirposes often led him far aside from
the road of the emigrants. We speak of this in
simple justice, as some writers have ridiculed
him as claiming to be the '• pathfinder" to Ore-
gon,— aclaiin which he nowhere makes, but which

was only a [lolitical catch-wonl of his friends
when he was the tlri.t candidate of the Uupubli-
can jiarty for president of tlui (Inited States. It
was like •• Fifty four forty or fight " of the can-
didacy of Mr. Polk in 1M44, although it did not
serve so successfully its purpose as tha'

From the South Pass (japtain l'"remont con-
tinued his course along the well-beaten emigrant
road to (ireen river and then to Hear river,
imiking c. .ef'iil annotatious of the topography
and ge(dogy of the croiintry ovc ,■ which he
passed. His exhaustive description of the
locality and character of Soda or Heer springs
has been the authority of all writors on the
topography and mineralogy of that r fioii
from that day to this. It is worth ■ bserving
that his astromonical observations heiL lace
Soda springs in latitude 42' 39' 57", or less
than fifty miles north of what was then Mexico
and consequently the same distance in Oregon.
These are the "Soda springs'" now on thi; line
of the Union Pacific railroad in eastern Idaho.

The intention of (Japtain Fremont being to
explore the Great Salt lake, which, up to this
time had been almost a myth so far as science
was concerned, about five miles west of Soda
springs ho turned to the left, while the emi-
grant road bore away over the hills to the right,
and, after ten days' travel, mainly down the Mear
Iliver valley, on the afternoon of September 5th
encamped on the shore of a great salt marsh which
he correctly concluded must be the margin of
the lake. He reached the bed of the lake near
the mouth of the Hear river, but skirted along
it to the south until he reacdied the mouth of
Weber river, near which the party encamped
and made [)reparation8 for an exploration of
some portions of the lake in an inflated india-
rubber boat. Finally on the morning of Sep-
tember y, the party launched out on the then
calm surface of this ocean-like sea, and about
noon reached the shore of an island where they
remained that ami the following day.

The account given by Fremont of Salt lake
and its surrounding is exceedingly particular and
interesting, but of too great length for these

ft iiifiiilifiii fi

UIHTOItV OF ONEHON.

pa^('!4. Ur nMiiiiiiiud ii|>oii tlut Inko until the
I2tli of Jit'|)t('ml)cr, wlii'ii liu ruBiiint'd lii« jour-
ney towHrd the CJohiiiihia, returning along the
line of liis previous travel. Ilin roinpany •.vas
entirely out of food, tuakinj^ oim itujiper out of
fiea-gullr>, wliieli Kit Carttoii had killed near the
lake. Another evoninff Captain Fremont re-
cords the fact tliHt iiun^^er uiado iiio people very
quiet and peaceaMe, aiul there wan rarely an oath
to lie heard in the catnp. (Certainly those ae-
((Uiiinted with the habits of the men of the
mountaitiH and plains in thoHe days will believe
these must have been very hunc^ry. lie restored
them to j^ayety, and probably profanity too, by
permitting them "to kill a fat youni; iiorse"
which he had purchased of the Smike Indians.
Their course led northward, thronj^h the ranf^e
of mountains that divide the (treat Hiisin of
Salt Lake frtim the waters that flow to the Pa-
cific through the Snake and (!olumbia rivers.
From these moutitains they emerged into the
valley of what he calls the Pannack river, other-
wise known as the Raft river, down which they
followed until they emerged on the plains of
Snake river in view of the "Three Huttes," the
most |)rominent landmarks of these great plains,
and reached Snake river on the evening of Sep-
tember 22d, a few miles above the American
Falls.

From this point the reconnoissance of Captain
Fremont was down tiie valley of Snake river,
along the course afterward so familiar to the
emigrants, sweeping to the south along the foot
of the Goose Creek mountains several miles
distant from Snake river, for all the distance in
which it runs through the deeply cut basaltic
gorge, in which are situated its greatest curiosi-
ties, the Twin falls and the great Slu>>-hone Falls,
the existence of both of which was unknown to
white men until ten years later tlian Captain
Fremont's explorations. He crossed the river
to the north side some miles below " Fish-
ing" or Salmon falls, thence to the Boise
river striking that stream near the present site
site of Boise City, and via old Fort Hoise, where
he recrossed the Snake river to the south, and so

westward through I'owiler river valley and
(irande Konde valley to the Columbia river,
whicii he reached at Walla Walla, now Wallala,
on the 2oth day of October. In this etitire dis-
tance nutny cartd'ul and freijuent astronomical oh-
eervatioiis were taken, latitudes and longtitudes
were fixed, and the country very accurately do-
scribed topograpliically. The only part of this
stage of his journey, on which Captain Fremont,
did not follow the usual route of the emigrants,
was from near where La (irande now stands, in
Grande lioiidc valley over the Blue mountains, to
where Milton is now located on the Walla
Walla river just below wliere it issues from the
mountains. Here he sought a new route, pass-
ing the head of the Umatilla river to the east
and north; but though he succeeded in forcing
his way through the Blue range there, it has
not been adopted as a feasible line of general
travel.

PVeiiiont continueil hif journey down the
banks of the ' 'olnmbia, and on the 4th of No-
vember reached the Dalles. Leaving most of his
party nt this point. Captain Fremont himself
continued his journey down the river, and in a
few days reached Vancouver, where his westward
journey terminated.

The reception ^Ir. Fremont met at the hands
of Dr. McLaughlin, at that time governor of
the Hudson's Bay CoTnpany, was such as that
eminently hospitable and courteous gentlcnan
always extended to those who visited that place.
The record made by Captain Fremont fully
evinces this, and is like the common record of
visitors there. He says: "I immediately waited
on Dr. McLaughlin, the executive ofKcer of the
Hudson's Bay Company west of the Rocky
mountains, who received me with the courtesy
and hospitality for which he has been eminently
distinguished, and which makes a forcible and
delightful impression on a traveler from the
long wilderness from which we had issued. I
was immedi.iiely supplied by him with the
necessary stores and provisions to refit and sup-
port my party inour(!ontemplated winter journey
to the States." Dr. McLaughlin also furnished

1^1

fflSTOnr OF OREGON.

Captain Fremont with a letter of vecoiniiiendii-
tion ami credit for any otHcers of tlu» lliidsonV
Hay Company, into whose posts lie miijht he
driven hy unexpected niiafortiine.

As an item of history re(!orded liy Captain
Fremont at this time the t'ollowinjr is worth the
quoting, as it reveals Dr. ^rcLiiiiirhlin's treat-
raeiit of the emitrraiit?! in a somewhat different
and more honorable light than that in which
Kome writers have presented it. Mr. Fremont
says: "I found many emigrants at the Fort,
others had already crossed over into tiicir land
of promise — the Willamette valley- Others
were dail" arriving, and all of them had been
furnished with shelter so far as it could he af-
forded by the buildiiijjs of the estal)liehinent.
Necessary clothing and provisions (the latter to
be afterward returned in kind from the prodnce
of their lai)or) were also furnished. This friendly
assistance was of very great value to the emi-
grants, whose families were otherwise e.^posed to
much Butfering in the winter rains whicli had
now commenced, at the same time that they
were in want of all the common necessaries of
life." This record is honorable both to the man
who made it and the man ol whom it was made,
especially when we consider that the relations
of the two governments of whmh they were
severally representative citizei'--. and in some
sense otHcial representatives, were then in the
stress of urgent and somewhat strained di]ilo-
matic controversy over the very country in which
they had met.

Completing the outtit for his jiruposed winter
journey toward the States. Captain Fi'einont re-
turned up the Columbia, the dalles, arriving at
that place on the afternoon of the 18th of No-
vember. I roin this point he proposed to be-
gin his retrrn exjKMlition. The route selected
would lead L'm southward, east eif the Cascade
range, clear through the territory if the United
States, and then, by a ^outli and eiwtwHrd wheel,
through the Mexican territory, includinsir a con-
tinued survey of the valley of the (treat Salt
lake, back again to the frontiers of Missouri.
Those acrpiainted with the region he expected

to travel need not be told that few explorers
ever venture<l on a more perilous expedition
than was this at the season of the year in which
he undertook it. The country was unknown,
except that it was a vast region of bleak and
open deserts, of vastand rocky ranges of mount-
ains; that its inhabitants were among the low-
est and most savage of human beings, and that
there was in it little that could bo used for the
support of life. It was a bold, brave venture
these men made.

It was on the 25th day of November before
they were ready to set out from the dalle;;. Up
to this point, besides a mountain howitzer,
some wheeled vehicles, the last, except the Ikjw-
itzer. were here abandoned, ami in flurries of
snow they took leave of the (Jolumbia river and
turned away into the great southern wilderness.

It is not our purpose to follow this expedi-
tion, only so far as it pioceeded througli Oregon.
The route lay high up on the eastern slope of
the Cascade mountaiiic. at times touching the
points of timljer tliat project eastward along
the rocky cliffs, or in the gorges of the streams.
Proceeding southward they passed between tlie
Des Chutes river aud the mountain range,
across the Tigli river and over the Tigli prairie,
finding that high and sandy plain covered with
snow, with the thermometer on the ii7th ;ii 2' 5 '
below zero. On the 29th they pa6se<l th(< Hot
Springs, near wiiicli are now the buildings of the
Warm Springs Indian Agency. From the
elevated plain to the south of Warm Springs
river, Fremont records the view of six of the
great snowy peaks of the mountains at one
time, ile makes the mistake tliat nearly all
the travelers of that day made of recording St.
Helens as one of the j)eak8 visible from the
various points east of the main range, whereas
there ia no place on the eastern plains from
whicli it can bo seen. Doubtless the summit
of Mount Adams, whicli can be seen from many
points, was mistaken for the former. On the
3th of December their route lei them some-
what down from the mountain slope to the main
branch of the Des Chutes river, crossing it the

wkimmmmftf^

HISTORY OF OHEGON.

next day; and after a day or two more crossed
it and entered on the high plateau which sepa-
rates tlie waters of the Colunfibia from those
whicli flow westward and southward, and en-
camped on Klamath lake, on the evening of
December 12. They were now nearly on the
line between the territory of the United States
and that of Mexico, and consequently we shall
!iot follow this exploration farther. Yet it is
proper that we remark that Captain Fremont
continued on to the southward amidst ever in-
creasing difhculties of travel on account of the
roughness of the mountains and the depth of
accumulating snows, until he was forced to at-
tempt the ]>aseage of the Sierra Nevada mount-
ains into the valley of the Sacramento. lie
began this effort on the 3d day of February,

and after a cliapter of hardships which have
few parallels in the history of explorations,
reached Sutter's Fort, in California, on the 8th
(lay of March, 1844.

The publication of the journal of these ex-
peditions of Captain Fremont, in 1845,
awakened a much deeper interest in Oregon
than ever before existed, and his descriptions
of the route from the Missouri river to Fort
Vancouver, in the very heart of Oregon, was of
great value to the great emigrations that
crossed the plains from 1843 onward. His
descriptions were remarkably accurate, and his
maps of the routes traveled most scientifically
correct, and these considerations entitle his
explorations to this brief reference in a history
of Oregon.

— ^^lil:*-)^

CIlAFTEli VII.

RIVAL CLAIMS AND PUETEN8I0NS.

Claims ok Eihoi'ean Na iions — (^i.aims ok Si-ain — Rlssian Entkhi'ijisk — Eiuct c)f Poi-k Alex-

ANDKR — MaZV JJoL'MIAlilKS — ExTKNF OF lUK Ol.n SrAMSIl Cl.AlM — Ok TUK KkkNCU Ci.AIM

I'artiks To thk Stuugc.I/E CiiANOEi) — Fra.vce axi) (tkkat BurrAiN — liKsur/rs of tuk Wau ok
1759 TO FuANCK — State OF tuk Cask — What thk Unitkd Statks I'uKcnASKU — Claims of

(irKEAr I'UIIAIN — t'OSTEU ON TEhlOl'S DllM.OMACV Two TliEATIIOS AT OnCE — N E<iOTI ATIONS (IK

1807 — Ok 1813 — ".Ioi.nt Occipanoy'' TREATV--BmTAiN the Aii\ antacje — Infelence ok Siu
Ai.EXAXDKii McKenzie — Session ok (^onckess in 1820-'21 — Fiu^t I'koi'osition kok tue
Settlement ok Okegon — "Orkoon Question"— Senator Hentdns Bill — PiforosmoNs ok
l828---JoiNT Occui'ANcv Ke.vewbd — Webstek-Asiiiiurton Treatv — TuE Uoundarv Question
AnjoiRNEi) - -Treapv IIatifiei) anh Pkd'Laimei) — Taken rr »v tue People — Two Views —
Views of Ulkus Choate — Senator Benton's Speech — Henton's Bill Passes the Senate.

fllE clKims of the European nations to j
owneisliip of the lands and resources of
America rested on a somewhat flimsy
basis in right. Its morality was that of ndght.
There was a (juasi yielding to these claims as
against each other on grounds of discovery and
formal occupancy. At the same time not one
of these powei's stopped tor a moment to con-

sider what rights of these people that were
found there when they came would be violated
by their assumptions. Barbaric nations never
hail any rights that nations calling tliemselves
civilized have felt bound to resjiect. England,
France, and Spain were, as relates to what were
termed barbaric nations, the freebooters of the
world. America was a field for civilized rapine

lllSTOItV "/•• (lliKOOX.

wortliy <>l the strii<fu;le of tlieso racial giants.
Unilcr !H)iiu' t'oi'iiis nf tiviitv, ticsiaiied mostly by
eitluM' piii'ty to limit the pretensions of tlie
otlier, Imt as far as possilile leaving itself free
to enlari,'e its own claims as it might have
power to enforce tlicni, tliese powers moveil for-
wani first, in the agrecMl ilivision of the area of
North America ainoni^ themselves, anil then in
using tlie illotled areas as the small change tliat
setlleii the halances of peace and war in eonti-
nental Knrope. Plenipotentiaries sat in Euro-
pean capitals, 5,000 miles away from the re-
.^ioiis most interested, and arbitrated American
Ji!8tinies. In tliis way America became the
real, though passive, arbiter of the world's new
era. It was what Providencio had thrown into
the balances of history to poiso ultimately its
beam for the eijuitiesand liberties of humanity.
Let us see how the question stood 200 years
after the Spanish navigatcir had lifted the \eil
of the sea from the fair face of this new land.
When the treaty of Uyswick, in l(i!)7, gave
.some definition to the claims of France and
Spain and Russia in the New World, Spain
daimed as her share of North America all the
Pacific coast from Panama to Nootka sound,
or Vancouver island. Iler jiretensions cov-
ered the coasts, bays, islands, iisheries. and ex-
tended iidand indefinitely. Part of this claim
was alleged on the ground of discovery by the
heroic De Soto and others; and ail of them
.vere based on iliscovery under the papal bull
if Ale.\ander VI, in 1493. This ludl or decree,
gave to the di»coverer all newly discovered
lands and waters. In 1530 Balboa, the Span-
iard, discovered the Pacific ocean as he canie
iver the Isthmus of Panama, and so in liar-
fnony with the pretentious decree of Alexander
VI Spaiti assumed rights of proprietorship
over it. France held advantageous positions in
AnuM'ica for the mastery of tlie continent; but
as they were outside of the limits of what was
afterward known as "Oregoti" they med not be
disuussed. Russia at this time held ii) posses-
sions in Xorth America. Hut I'eter the Great
W}i8 her emperor, and his plans were already

matured for entering the list of contestants for
empire in the New World. Before his plans
could be fully consiimraated Peter the Great
bad died, ami bis widow, Catherine, was on the
throne of Muscovy. With an enterprise not
less aggressive than his, she pushed forward his
plans of commercial and territorial aggrandize-
ment until northern Asia as well as northern
Europe had been made commercially tributary
to the designs of Russia. It was 'Mit a step
from the Asiatic shores of the northern Pa-
(iiic to those of the American u)ainland of
Alaska, and Russia was in a position to take
that one step. The fur trade furnished the oc-
casion. Prominent, if not indeed chief, among
the agents of Russian aggression it) this direc-
tion was Behring the Dane, who made three
voyages through the straits that now bear his
name, and on the third gave up his life on a
desolate little granite island that still monu-
ments his memory. But lie, and those asso
ciuted with him, had given, by visitation and
trade, a color of title to Russia to this North-
western A merica.

At this time England made absolutely no
pretense to territorial or even commercial rights
on the Pacific coast, and none on the American
continent anywhere except on the Atlantic
slope from Charlestown to Penobscot north-
ward, and inland to the watershed of the AUe-
ghanies.

Thus stood the pretended foreign ownership
of the New World at the conclusion of the
treaty of liyswick in lt)i)7. The intelligent
reader cannot but have observed how shadowy
were these pretentions, and how vague in terii-
torial limits, but they were the basis of claims
that afterward became more tangible and real,
and in their ultimate settlement cost long con-
tinued struggles of the ablest diplomats of the
world, and were no mean elements in setting
nations in array of ai-ms against each other.

Though it would be deeply interesting to trace
the movenienls of the struggling forces that
sought for mastery on this "Armageddon'' of
the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, our

HISTOnr OF OREQOy.

c:!

limits preclude much more than the merest out-
line, and this confined to what relates to the
suhjeet of our liistory, Otx'ivoii. In doinir this
we must refer oticc more to the edict of Pope
Alexander VI, who, on the 4- of May, 1493,
immediately after the return of Coliimhns from
his voyaife of discovery, p'.-.'oiisiied a liiill in
which ho drew an imaginary line from the
nortli pole to the sopln, a hundred leagues west
of the Azores, assigning to the Spanish all tiiat
lay west of that houndary, nnd confirming to
Portugal all that lay east of it. One can
scarcely fail to recall an incident that occurred
on -4 mountain of Galilee about fourteen cen-
t'lries earlier, when a landless pretender drew
the vision of the (.'hrist to all the kingdoms of
the world, and all the glory of them, and said,
"All these things will I give thee, if thou will
fall down and worship me."

While the act of Alexander VI had as
little authority as the other, it did have a
greater influence on those to whom it was made,
and Spain and Portng'il, in the glory of dis-
covery and in the pompous "gift" of the Pope,
ruled the splendid hour. In the train of the
spirit of that earlier hour when St. Augustine,
Florida, was founded, and the higoted Philip
II was proclaimed monarch of all North
America, this edict was made. Such, also, was
the superstitious awe with which the pretensions
of the Pope were then regarded in Europe that
this edict did very much to control the actions
of all the powers of that continent in regard to
the New World. Of course very little was
known of tiie geography of America at this
time, and there could really have been no pro-
science of the great part it was io play in the
future history of the world. Something, there-
fore, of tile indifference with which these pre-
tences were viewed must be set down to this
fact.

Through the maxe of boundary lines, fixed on
iuiaginary nnips by the negotiations of con-
tending parties, rather than run by the compass
on the solid earth, and wbicli involved to a
greater or less extent the ultimate title to

Oregon, we shall notnttompt to lead our read-
ers. It is sufficient to .^^ay that Fraiice and
Eni'land boi'iin tu crowd .'^nuin southwiirdlv and

•no [

westwardly on the eastern slope of the conti-
nent.

France liad esti'.blislusJ some mythical ri<;lit
to "the western part of Louisiamu"' which she
secretly conveyed to Spain in 1 7t33. Thirty-
eight years thereaftei' Spain recoiiveyed the
same to France. In 1803 France sold the same
territory to the United States, and practically
disa[)peared from the list of contestants for the
possession of the empire on the western conti-
nent. Spain, however, still held Florida, but
when in 181U the United States purchased that,
she also disappeared from the same list, the
rights and claims of both having passed into
the hands of the Unitetl States,

It is important that we now restate the fact
that the old Spanish claim, which had been ac-
corded some international authority, extended
on the Pacific from Panama to Prince William
sound, and this entirely iiovered, not only the
Oregon of to-day, but the Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, and British (.Columbia of to-day nji to
54'40". Presumptuous as it was, tbi.- claim
became one of the most determining elements
in tiie final settlement of wdiat is historically
known as the "Oregon question." '"

The claims of France to American territory
were hardly less ambitions and rulentious than
those of Spain. They covered more than the
size of all Europe. The treaty of Kyswick
conceded these claims. Hut ihe |)eace of Kys-
wick was brief. War soon followed, and the
titles to empire were written again by the |ioint
of the sword.

Though the parties to the struggle for the
jtossession of the country i(f the Pacific North-
west had changed, yet the struggle went on.
Little of it was in the territory in question. It
was in the plots and counterplots of Euro]>ean
capitals: in Paris and London .".nd St. Peters-
burg. It was about the tables of diplomats.
Within sixteen years of Kyswick came Utrecht,
when the issues of war between France and

HISTORY OF OREGOy.

ill

England, wajreil cliietly in Xorth Aniecica,
brouglit A line of Eiiglaiiii aiui Louis XIV of
P' ranee face to face in tlio person of tlioir ein-
Ijaseadors. Tlie aged and luunliied Louis XIV
gave up to (Tre:it Hritaiu the possessions of
France on the Atlantic slope, and thus yielded
the morale of position to the S:i.\on. Thus
yreat Uritain became reinstated in place of
Franco over tlie Hudson's Bay basin. Nova
Scotia and Newfoundland. I}\it France still
held the Canadas, though they were sandwiched
between the northern and southern possessions
of Great Britain. The grain between the upper
and nether millstones could remain unbroken
when the stones were whirring as easily as these
French provinces could remain in peace in such
a position. In the struggles that followed the
execution of the treaty of Utrecht, in the old
world and in the new, more and more the tide of
battle turned against France, in favor of Eng-
land. At last the culmination of events came.
In Montcalm and Wolf the hopes, and even a
large measure the destinies of France and
England, were impersonated. When they looked
into each other's faces at Quebec, standing at
the head of their armies on that great Septem-
ber morn in 1759, each felt that was the morn
of duty — the morn of destiny for themselves
ana for their country. The issue of that day
on the Plains of Abraham gave each general
to immortal fame, but it gave to England all
the territorial treasures of P'ran^.e east of the
Mississippi, except three small islands off the
coast of Xewfoundland. Had France not
already, by secret treaty with Spain, executed
about one hundred days before the great trans-
fer to Great J>ritain, alienated her J'acific coast
possessions, Great Britain would have taken all,
and thisw(,uld so have changed the relatiotis of
things that the atlas of the world would have
had an entirely different lining. Either the
whole must have gone without controversy to
t'.e United States of America at the close of the
Kevolution, or the title of Great Britain would
have been conceded and unquestionable to all
tlic territorv between CHliforninaiid the Russian

possession. Jn either event the story of the
history of this cua>t would have been (juito
another book.

With the transfer of all the claims of France
and Spain to the territory on tiie I'acilic coast
to the United States, which was concluded in
1803, it would 8een\ tlmt there was no rightful
contestant with the United States for any por-
tion of that territory; certaiidy not as far north
as the 49th degice of latitude. None had ap-
peared in the negotiations through which this
transfer was made. The state of the cas(> seems
to have been this: In the treaty of Utrecht in
1713, between the English and the French, the
boundary between Louisiana and the [British
territory north of it was ti.ved by commissioners,
appointed under il to run from the lake of the
Woods westward on latitude forty-nine indefi-
nitely. When France conveyed the territory of
Louisiana, whose line had been thus fixed, to
Spain in 17f>2, she also conveyed up to and
along this same line westward, iniietinitely, on
to the Pacific cosst. If she did not convey to
the coast, it was because Spain already had a
more ancient claim along the coast. When
Spain, in 1800, reconveyed the sa'no to France,
it was, in the lanijuage of the thinl article of the
treaty: " The colony or provinces of Louisiana,
with the same extent which it luw has in the
hands of Spain anil which it had when France
possessed it.'' As Spain had not alienated any
of the territory she had received from France,
of course she rctroceiled to that power all that
she had receiveil from her. When, therefore,
the United States made the purchase of Louisi-
ana she purchased clear through to the Pacific
on the line of the lUtli parallel if that was a
part of the original cession of France to Spain,
or, if not, as Spain had never cinled it to another
power than to the Spanish possessions on the
Pacific. It was then either American territory,
inad(< such by the purchase of Louisiana in 180;},
or it was still Spanish territory. From 1800 to
1819 Spain maileno changes of ownership, sov-
ereignty or JMrisiliction tduching Oregon. In
the "Florida Treaty"" td' 1819, Spain ceded to

I ' ^'^Troii i ' i ^^''''"' ' ==='='=

HISTORY Oh' OHFJIoy.

the Ciiitcil Stiitt'siill lier pu.sscusioiis iiurtli of ii
line beginning at the tnoutli of tlie Sabine in the
Gulf of Mexico and running variously north
and west until it reached the Paciiie latitude
t'orty-two, or the Bonthero boundary of Oregon.
The third article of the treaty said : " His Catho-
lic Majesty codes to the I'nitcd States all his
rights, claims and jjreteiisions to any territory
east and north of said line, and for himself, his
heirs and suecossors renounces all claims to the
said territory forever."' Therefore, by the pur-
chase of 1803 from France and by the purchase
of 1819 from Spain, the [Jnited States gained all
pretended titles to sovereignty on the I^icilic
coast l)etwoen the forty-second and the forty-
ninth parallels of north latitude; the exact Pa-
cific limits of the earlier Oregon. England at
this time advanced no claim to sovereignty. As
late as 1826 and '27 her plenipotentiaries for-
mally said: "Great Britain claims no exclu-
sive sovereignty over any portion of that territory,
The present claim, not in respect to any part
but to the whole, is limited to a right of joint oc-
cupancy in common with the other States having
the right of exclusive d oinitiion in abeyance. "
This, with the history already recounted, leaves
the title of the United States to Oregon beyond
any question of power. And with this statement
our reader will he willing to follow us through
the story of diplomatic negotiations b^jtween the
United States and Great Britain inrejard to the

"Oregon Question " as well as the actions of the
National Legislature through the quarter tlie
century during which Great Britain succeeding
in some way, in so beclouding thy title of the
United Stales to the territory in question and
in bewildering our diplomats as to well nigh
secure this vast Pacific enijjire to the crown.
We shall make this story r.s brief as we reason-
ably can, and he faithful tothP facts of history
concerning it. The di])l()niacy was tedious and
intricate, and the action, tentative or completed,
of the American Congress, often doubtful and
inconsequent; yet a careful rcsunioot' both is a
need of Oregon history.

Negotiations by tlie United States with Spain

or Fi'ancu in regard to Oregon are now at an
end. Henceforth they will be with Great Brit-
ain.

At the precise moment the Unite<l States
was negotiating the treaty with France, in Paris,
for the acquisition of Louisiana, her commis-
sioners were also negotiating one in London
for the definition of the boundary line between
the possessions of the two tounLries in the
Northwest. The negotir.tois of the two treaties
were ignorant of the action of the others. When
the two treaties were remitted to the Senate of
the United States for ratification, that for the
purchase of Louisiana from France was ratified
without restriction. That defining the north-
west boundary was ratified with the exception
of the fifth article, which fixed the boundary
between the lake of the Woods to the head of
the Mississippi. The treaty was sent back to
London, the article expunged, and then the
British Government refused to ratify it.

In the year 1807, another effort was made at
negotiation between the two countries. A
treaty was agreed upon by the commissioners,
fixing the line of the forty-ninth parallel as the
boundary between the toriKory of the two
countries as far as their possessions might ex-
tend, but with a proviso making this provision
inapplicable west of the Rocky mountains.
This treaty was never ratified, Mr. Jefferson re-
jecting it without reference to the Senate. ,

In thr treaty signed at Ghent, in 1814. the
British jjlenipotentiaries offered the same arti-
cles in relation to the boundaries in question as
were oft'ered in 1808 and 1807, but nothing
could be agreed upon; and lience no provision
on the subject was inserted in that treaty.

In 1818 negotiations upon this su'iject were
renewed in London. The plenipotentiaries of
Great Britian, Mr. Goulborne and Mr. Robin-
son, for the first time in all the negotiations,
gave the grounds of the pretensions of (treat
Britain to the country in controversy. They
aMsorted " That former voyages, and principally
that of Captain Cook, gave to Great Britain
the rigiits derived from discovery; and they al-

' i 1
I I i

i 1

nrsTORV OF oheqon,

lulled to purclmses from tliu natives south of the
Cohimbiii, wliifh thoy alk';;i(l to have heun made
prior to thf Aiiiorican liovoliitioii. Thuy made
no forn\al proiweition for a homulary, but inti-
mated that the (^olnmbia river itself was the
most convenient that could he adupted, and de-
clared that they would not agree upon any
boundary that did not j;ive Eiif^land the harbor
at the mouth of that river in common with tlie
Uidted States. Messrs. (iallatin and Unsh, the
Auiericiiii p]tnii)otentiarie8 made a Tnoderate, if
not a timid, reply to the intimatiotis of Great
Britain. The final conclusions reached on this
sn!)ject were announced in these words: 'That
any country claimed by either on the northwest
coast of America, toj^ether with its harbors,
bays, and creeks, and the navigation of all riv-
ers within th(! same, be free and open, for the
term of ten years, to the subjects, citizens and
vessels of the two powers, without prejudice to
any claim which either party miifht have to any
part of the country." This was the celebrated
".Joint Occupancy"' treaty.

It must be confessed that the adoption of this
article of "joint occupancy" gave Great Brit-
aid a decided advantage in the Oregon contro-
versy. First, it conceded that she had some
sort of a claim to the country, a claim that
stood for no less, even if it stood for no more,
than that of the United States. Secondly, she
was on the ground in much greater fcirce in her
Hudson's Bay Company and her Northwest Com-
pany, united into one of the strongest commer-
cial corporations in the world, and having all
the elements in itself of political proi)agandi8ni.
With her advantages in trade, her strong semi-
political occupation of the country by the Flud-
son's Bay Company, Messrs. Gallatin and Uush
should have known that she would be at)le to
drive all American enterprises from the country
before the ten years were gone. Great Britain
knew this; intended to do so, and did it. One
of the wonders of the historian is that such a
treaty could ever have been approved by an
American jjresident, or ratified by the Senate
of the United States,

In the historyam! results of this negotiation,
it is easy to detect the influence of the ailvico
of Sir Ale.vandor Mackenzie — whose journey
across the continent to the Pacific north of the
forty-ninth parallel we have already recorded —
over the minds of the I'ritish negotiators, lie
proposed the forty-fifth jiarallel of latitude as
the boii'idary between the possessions of Great
J'iitain ami the United States west of the Mis-
sissippi. His words were: " Let the line begin
wher>; it niay on the Mississippi, it must con-
tinue west until it terminates in the Pacific
ocean to the si nth of the (^olumbia river,'' It
was this purpose which plairdy dominated tlie
British plenipotentiaries in tlie propositions
they made to tlie United States.

The session of the Congress of the United
States for 1>(2()-'21 was made remarkable, es-
pecially in the light of sul)sequent events, aa
the first at which any proposition was made for
the occupation and settlement of the country
acquired from France and Spain on the Colum-
bia river. It was made by John Floyd, a
representative from Virginia, an ardent and
very able man, and strongly imbued with west-
ern feelings. His attention was specially called
to the subject by some essays of Thomas II.
Benton, just then appearing in the field of
national politics, as senatoi'-elect from Missouri,
and he resolved to bring the matter to the at-
tention of Congress, He moved for the ap-
pointmetit of a committee of three to consider
and report on the subject. The committee was
granted, more out of courtesy to an intiiiential
member of the House than with any expectation
of favorable results. General Floyd was made
chairinan, with Thomas Metcalf, of Kentucky,
and Thomas V. Swearingen, of Virginia, asso-
ciated with him. In six days a bill was re-
ported, "To authorize the occupation of the Co-
lumbia river, and to regulate trade and inter-
course with the Indian trilxis thereon. ' They
accompinied the bill with an elaborate and able
report in support of the measure. The bill was
treated with parliiimentary courtesy, read twice,
but no decisive action was taken. But the sub-

IIISTOKY OF OliEOON.

Jeet was before Congress and tlie nation, and
that was much gained.

In 8tudyin<i; the reasons assigned at that time,
hy tiie committee, and hy sucii men as Henton
and Linn, why the proposed action should be
taken, one is impressed witli the clear foresight
of tiudr propiietic minds as to the future liistory
of this great Northwest. To the great part of
tlieir conteinporaries tlieir views were wild
vagaries and tlieir propositions e.xtravagant and
chimerical; to us they are a fulfilling and ful-
filled history.

The Oregon question sluuibered in Congress
until 182"), when Senator* Benton introduced a
bill into the Senate to enable the President, Mr.
Monroe, to possess and retain the country. The
bill proposed an appropriation to enable the
president to act efficiently, with army and navy.
In the discui-sion of this bill the whole question
of title to Oregon came up, and, in reply to Mr.
Dickiuaon, of New York, who opposed the bill,
Mr. Henton made a 8])eech which entirely met
all objections against the proposed action, and
thoroughly answered all the pretensions of
(jreat liritain in relation to the country. The
bill did not pass, but fourteen Senators voted
for it, namely: Barbonr, Benton, Boligny, Cobb,
Haync, Jackson (the general) Johnson of Ken-
tucky, Johnson of Louisiatia, Lloyd of Massa-
cluisetts. Mills, Noble, Ruggles, Talbot and
Thomas. These names deserve an honorable
record on the pages of the history of Oregoi\.

The action of Senator Benton on the bill
showed very clearly that the sentiment in favor
of asserting the rights of the United States to
Oregon was rai)idly increasing. The ten years
of joint occupancy, provided for in the treaty
of 1818, were drawing toward a close, and a
strong and intelligent part of our national leg-
islators, under the lead of Senator Benton, was
opposed to renewing that provision. The rea-
sons on which these views were based were
never invalidated, but were the final grounds on
wliich the United States won her case and se-
cured Oregon. They were these:

The title to Oregon on the part of the

United States rests on an irrefrairivble basis.
P'irst; The discovery of the Cohinibia river by
Captain (iray in 1792. Second: The j)urcliase
of its territory of Louisiana, which included
Oregon, from France in 1803. Thii-(1: The
discovery of the Columbia river from its li(>a<l
to its mouth by Lewis and Clarke in 1806.
Fourth: The settlement of Astoria in 1811.
Fifth: The treaty with Spain in 1819. Sixth:
Contiguity of settlement and possession.

The next step in the negotiations between
Great Britain and the United States was tlie
proposition, in 1828, at the end of the ten
years of joint occupancy, to renew the terms of
the convention for an indefinite period, dete**-
minidile on one year's notice from either party
to the other. Mr. tlal latin was the sole nego-
tiator of this renewed treaty on the part of the
United States, and his work was sustained by
the administration then in power, — that of
John Quincy Adams. The treaty met strong
oppositioti in the Senate, le<l by that steadfast
and intelligent friend of Oregon, Thomas II.
Benton, but it was ratified; and thus England
was indefinitely continued in her position of
advantage over the Un.ted States in the terri-
tory in question.

P'rom 1828 to 1842, "joint occupation" was
the law of the land so far as Oregon was con-
cerned, while "British occupation'' was the fact
so far as Oregon was concerned. As we have
seen elsewhere, every attempt of the citizens of
the United States to establish commercial en-
terprises in the valley of the Columbia had
been frustrated and defeated by the Hudson's
Bay Company, the potent representatives of
British interests on the Pacific coast. Astor's
great plans, conceived in a broad intelligence
prosecuted at enormous expense, and represent-
ing American interests in Oregon, had failed.
Wyoth had sunk a fortune between the Rocky
mountains and the Pacific, and all other Ameri-
cans who had adventured kindred enterprises
had been equally unfortunate, and after a
quarter of a century of "joint occupancy" En-
gland had almost exclusive possession of Oregon.

lusTORY OF (mmaoN.

' f

Wliut is known aa tlie •'A8lit)iirtoii-Wct)ster
Treat)'" was iiegotiati'tl at ^Va8llill<^toll, in 184:3,
said ABhlmi'toii being tiie sole negotiator on
the part of England, and Mr. Webster, tlien
secretary of State under President Tyler, on
the part of the United States. Said Ashburton
was Mr. Ale.xander Haring, iioad of the great
bankincr house of Harini: & Brothers, and was
a very astute and able man, and a Hnished
diplomat. Ilia mission was special, and tiiough
J[r. Fox was then the resident J'ritish minister
at Washington, so thoroughly did the Govern-
ment trust Lord Asburton that even Mr. Fox
was not joined in tlie misBiou. Neither did
the |)resideut associate any one with Mr. Web-
ster. The English plenipotentiary came, profess-
edly, to settle all questions between the United
States and England, a chief one of which was
the "Oregon Question." The United States
wished it settled. England wished it adjourned;
and the wishes of England prevailed. What
conferences, if any, were held between Mr.
Webster and Lord Asburton about anything
further than the adjournment of this question,
does not appear in any record, and about the
only reference to it made of record is the state-
ment of the president that there were some
"informal conferences" in relation to it, and in
his message communicating the treaty to the
Senate, that "there is no probability of coining
to any agreement at present."

The treaty was ratified by the Senate on the
2Gth day of August, 1842. After its ratifica-
tion l>y the Queen of England, and its proclama-
tion as the supreme law of the land on the 10th
day of November, England was more tirmly in-
trenched, so far as law was concerned, in her
claims and jiretensions to Oregon than ever be-
fore. l>ut while plenipotentiaries temporized
and compromised, and executives and sc ates
moved at a laggard pace on such great questions,
events hastened. The people took up the
question and went b'-fore the Government.
What they determined, the Government must
soon atlirm. So fully did the question which
tiie late treaty had postpimed ooc-ipy the public

mind, even during the iietidency of the negotia-
tion of that treaty, that, had the ear of Mr.
Webster been nearer the heart of the people, he
would surely have understood that adjournment
of the question by himself and Lord Ashburton
meant anything rather than a suppression, x>r
even a postponement, of it from public debate.
The uews])aper8 took it up, and it was thus
brought to the boys and girls, father* and
nUithera on the hearthstones of the million
homes of the country. The 8ei..iment8 of the
leaders of political action in our Natioiuii Legis-
lature, as those aentiments appeared in the de-
bates of the Senate on the question of the rat-
ilicatiou of the Webster- Ashburton treaty were
criticised, approved or condemned by the people
in all the land. One sentiment was for the ratifi-
cation, with postponement of the Oregon ques-
tion and its easy forbearance with the crafty and
insidious policy of England; the other was for
the rejection of the treaty, a withdrawal of the
United States from joint occupancy, and an act
of colonization which would assume the full
sovereignty of the United States over the terri-
tory in question by granting lands to emigrants,
and otherwise encouraging their settlement in
Oregon, Jiepresenting die first class, and speak-
ing forit,a8 well as for Mr. Webster the negotia-
tor of the treaty, was Mr. Ilnfus Choate, senator
from MassachusettB, who spoke in his place in
the Senate as followa: "Oregon, which a growing
and noiseless current of agricultural iirimigra-
tiou was filling with hands and hearts the
fittest to defend it — the noiselesa, innumerous
movement of our nation westward. * * We
have spread to the Alleghaniea, wo have topped
them, we have diffmscd ouraelveB over the im-
perial valley beyond; we have crossed the
father of rivers; the granite and ponderous gates
of the Ilocky mountains liave opened, and we
stand in sight of the great sea. * * Go on
with your negotiations and emigration. Are
not the rifles and the wheat growing together,
side by side? Will it not be easy, when the in-
evitable hour comos, to beat back ploughshares
and prnning-hooks into their original tbriiis

UIBTORY OF OnMODN.

of iiiMtriiiiientH of deatli? Alas, tliitt tliat trade
is 80 easy to learn and bo hard to forget!"

This was heaiitifidly said, and it had a cer-
tain amiahiiity al)ont it that commended it to
the favorable tlioiight of many. Still it was far
from rejjresenting the views of those wlio, from
the beginning of the diplomatic strnggle with
(treat ]5ritain, had been the steadfast and radi-
cal advocates of the right of the United States
to the possession of Oregon. Their views were
better expressed by Senator Honton, who on
the "Oregon (Colonization Act" closed a speech
of great vigor and power by saying:

"Time is invoked as the agent that is to help
us. Gentlemen object to the present time, refer
us to future time, and beg us to wait, and rely
upon TIME and neootiations to accomplish all
our wishes. Alas! Time and Nesotiations have
been fatal agents against us in all our dis-
cussions with Great Britain. Time has been
constantly working for her and against us. She
now lias the exclusive possession of the Colum-
bia, and all she wants is time to ripen her pos-
session into a title. For above twenty years
* * the present time for vindicating our
rights on the Columbia has been constantly ob-
jected to, and we were bidden to wait. Well,
we have waited, and what have wo got by it?
Insult and defiance! — a declaration from this
British mini.-itry that large British interests
have grown up on the Columbia during this
time, which they will protect, and a flat refusal
from the olive-branch minister [Lord Ashbur-

tonj to include this (piestion among tlxjse which
his peaceful mission was to settle! No, sir;
time and negotiations have been bad agents for
us in our controversies with (treat Britain.
They have just lost us the military frontiers of
Maine, which we had held for sixty years, and
the trading frontier of the Northwest, which we
had held for the same time. Sixty years' pos-
session and eiijht treaties secured these ancient
and valuable boiindarisB; one negotiation and a
few days of time have taken them from us!
And so it may be again. The Webster treaty
of 184:2 has obliterated the great boundaries of
1783 — placed the British, their fur company
and their Indians within our ancient limits;
and I, for one, want no more treaties from the
hand which is always seen on the side of the
British, I now go for vindicating our rights
on the Columbia, and, as the first step toward
it, passing this bill, and making these grants of
land, which will soon place the thirty or forty
thousand rifles beyond the Rocky mountains,
which will be our effective negotiators."

The bill of Mr. Benton passed the Senate by
a vote of twenty-four to twenty-two. It went
to the House, where it remained unacted upon
during the session. Hut its moral efiect was to
assure the enterprising people of the West that
the period of national procrastination and timid-
ity was well-nigh over, and that it would be
but a very short time before such decisive action
would bo taken as would compel a settlement
of the controversy with England.

"-■'&it^"ie)iP"^»* '

niSTORY or UIIKOON.

(^iiArTF:R VIII.

UIVAI, CLAIMS ANU PHETEN8ION8, CONTINUED.
Pbe8ii)knti.\' I'.i.kction ok 1844 — Watch wokhs ok tiik Campaion — Nkootiatidns aoain Why

NOT SkITLKI) in 1844 — NkooTIATIoNS IIKTWKKN SkcKKTAKY ntlCIIA.NAN AND Mu. PacKKNIIAM —
AlTION OK CoNdUKSS FoKTY-MNTII l*AKAr.l,KI. AdUICKn ri'ON — An A^NNOVINo KkhiiK — TnK

CoDKisH Stoky — Dii. Wmitmax ani> iiiK TuKATY <iK 1842 — \Vkiister'« Statement - Con-

TI.MIOIl DlSAIHiKKMKNI' AllOLT TIIK LiNK Al.OMi TIIK StUAITS OK FuCA- — I)aN(1KK OK WaK

TllK I'acIKIO FioNKKRS take up TIIK QlIKSTloN AcTIoN OK THE OltEOON IiK<ll.'<LATIIKE — SaN

Juan Island Hei.h in tiik Mii.itaky — Genehal Scott on the Field — Agreement between
Scorr and Doi'oi.as — Akihtkation I'koI'osed — Dkci.inkd iiy the United States — Fmi'kkok
William Finally Selkuikd as Akiuikr in 1871 — llis Dkcision.

If!

'V;

fOl.LOWINd iiniiiediatt'ly in tlie tniin ot"
the eveiitti just, reliiteil, came tlie prt'si-
deiitiiil I'lectioii of 1S44. The Oretfon
(jiK'i-tion was too availalile a ijui'stiun for tlie
uses of a political cainpaij^n to be kept out of
the preliminary canvass. liesides, there were
too many Americans, ami they were too intelli-
ffent ami patriotic, already settled in the valley
of the Willamette, whose letters to their friends
at home and to the pnhlic through the periodi-
cal jiress extolled the heaiity and salulirity of
the country, not to thoroughly awaken the
pnhlic mind on tlie entire issue involved.
" America for Americans," "The Monroe Doc-
trine," " Fifty-four Forty or Fight," became
the catch- words, it' not the watchwords of the
hour. The politicians of one party took their
cue from the obvious tendency of this popular
cry. The annexation of Texas and the imme-
diate occupation of Oregon were very skillfully
united together in the platform of the conven-
tion that nominated James K. Polk for presi-
dent. On the Oregon question it declared that
our title to the whole of Oregon up to 54° 40'
north latitude was "clear and indisputable,"
thus denying and defying the pretensions of
Great iBritain to any territory bordering on the
Pacific. The nominee of the Democratic party
for jiresident, Mr. James K. Polk, indorsed the

platform, and the canvass for him proceedeil on
that issue. Mr. Polk was idected over Henry
Clay, who, although the idol of his party and
one of the most popular of Anierican states-
men, could not overcome the excited state of
the public mind on these questions. Thus the
verdict of the people of the United States at
the election was unquestionably in favor of
Oregon, even up to 54' 40' north latitude. It
WHS well known, however, that the leading
statesmen of the Democratic party believed the
forty-ninth degree to be the line of our rightful
claim. Mr. Henton had already demoiietrated it
on the tloor of the Senate. Mr. ('alhoun, as
Democratic secretary of State for Mr. Tyler,
at the very moment when the Democratic con-
vention was making its platform and nomi-
nating Mr. Polk upon it, was engaged in a
negotiation with the British minister in Wash-
ington, and offering to him a settlement of the
entire question on the line of the forty-ninth
parallel. Only some item in regard to the right
of (ireat Britain to navigate the (Columbia river
prevented the acceptance of this proposition by
the British minister, and the settlement of the
whole question at that time.

While, doubtless, Mr. Calhoun himself would
have been glad to have concluded the Oregon
question as secretary of State, and as ho evj.

IIISTOUY OF (iHKOitN.

tlcntly iiiijflit Imve done, politipnlly he did nnt
dare to do so. The imnexiil" n ot'Texiis whh «
Soutliern question, and tlie 8uitth couhl ho car-
rit'd for iMr. I'ulk on tlmt insne. Oregonwaa a
Northei'ii qneHtioii, and tlic North could be car-
ried in tlie same way by keeping up the cry of
" Kifty-four Forty or Fight." To settle on 49"
would be to vu'ld the (question, and with it the
election lo tlie VVhig«, and make Mr. Clay
presideiil. So the Orfiffon (jncHtion was not
settled, as it niijjht have been before the elec-
tion of 184-1, and exactly the same line as was
adopted two years later, after it had achieved
the political results for which it was kept in
the air during the political canvass of 1844,
namely, electing Mr. Poll president, and
finally defeating the aspirations >if Mr. Olay fir
that eminent position.

With this result achieved, and on thi-*
ground, this ijiiestion could not ;iluniber. Mi.
I'olk brought it promptly forward in his
in:iii;;uriil address, reiitHrming the jiosition of
the platform on which he was elected. The
position of the inaugural threw the public
mindof (ireat Britain into a ferment, and the
Engli>li nation thundered back the cry of war.
For a year the two nations stood face to face
like gladiators, with uplifted swords waitiufj
for a word that would send them breast to
breast in the fierce grapple of war. History
must recnrd that the United States must re-
treat, in her diplomiicy and in her legislation,
from the political decision of her people, or the
inevitable war must come. It was an embarrass-
ing and mortifying position for the new Gov-
ernment, but it had to be endured and met as
best it could bo.

James Buchanan was now secretary of State.
He waited for some time for a proposition from
the British minister at Washington to renew
the negotiations on the Oregon question, but
none came. ( )n the 22d of J iily, 1845, he there-
fore addressed a note to Mr. Paekenham, the Brit-
ish minister at Washington, resuming ne-
gotiations wh(ire Mr. Calhoun had suspendeil
them, .iiid again proposed the line of forty-nine

to the ocean. This the l'>ritish minister re
fused, but invited a " fairer " proposition. The
knowledge of this proposition on the part of
the secretary of State raised a politic^al storm
in his party before which the administra-
tion ooworiid, and, as Mr. Paekenham had not ac-
cepted it, it was withdrawn. The president
recoiM mended strong nic iires to assert and se-
cure our title, and the political storm was
measurably apjjeased. Meantitne, the with-
drawal of the proposition of .Mr. Buchanan,
coupled with the recommendation of the presi-
dent, somewhat alarmed the British pe<iple, and
it began to be rumored that fc)nglanil wouhl
propose the line she had before rejected. The
position of the dominant party absolutely re-
quired that it should make a demonstration ac-
cording to its iterated and reiterated promises
to the ])eople. Accordingly, a resolution de-
termining the treaty of joint occupancy, aiul
looking to the maintenance of that position,
was introduced into the House of Ropresenta
tives, most ably debated -John Quincy Ailams
taking strong grounds in its favor — and, on the
9th of P'ebruary, 1846. adopted, by the de-
cisive vote of 163 to 54.

The resolution thus passed in the House
went to the Senate. Here, in the form in which
it passed the House, it encountered violent op-
position, a strong contingent of the Democratic
party taking position against it. Among these,
if not their leader, was Senator Benton. Gen-
eral Cuss, E. \. Hanuigan and William Allen
led the debate in its favor. Besides. Benton,
AVebster, Crittenden and Berrien made exhaus-
tive arguments against it. It was well under-
stood in the Senate that President Polk thought
it necessary to recede from the position of his
party — the position on which he had fought the
campaign in which lie was elected to the presi-
dency — and accept of the line of 49^ wiihout a
" fight." So the resolution of the House was
defeated in the Senate. But the Senate adopted
another resolution, authorizing the president
" at his discretion '' to give notice to Great
Britain for the termination of the treaty. The

insmitY OF iiiiKiiox.

Semite reHuliitioii wha eonciliiiturvi ilt* |)i'L'aiiil>li
decliirin;? tlint it wns ntily to sL-ciire "ii spcetly
ami imiiriiblc ad jiistmeiit ot'tlic ditrfrcncex ami
(lis|mtes in regard to said territorv."

Whfii this ri'soliitioii went to the llonsc tiiat
liodv rcoeded from its former |io8ition, hikI,
mIiIi I'ViMi a jjreator unaminity than iiad fhar-
acturi/.ed their action on that which tiie Semite
iiad rejected, aiiopted it; oidy forty-six. and
tiiey almost entirely Northern Democrats, vot-
i'lfZ afjainst it.

With this action tlie danj^er of tiie war with
(ireat iiritain was dispelled. It was immedi-
ately followed hy a treaty lietween Mr. Miich-
anan. secretary of State, nnder the direction ot
the president and l^ritish minis-ter at Washing-
ton, adopting the tbrty-niiith parallel as the
lioimdary between the two countries, with cer-
tain concessions touching the line westward of
where that parallel strikes tlie {;nlf of (Jeorgia.
and, for a definite period, the rights of the
Hudson's Hay Company and the navigation of
the (^olnmliia river by the British. Thus
closed a controversy witii Great Hritain that
came very near involving the two nations in a
conflict of arms. In a war England could have
possessed, and, it may not be too much to su])-
pose, would have possessed Oregon, but. per-
haps, at the cost of the Canadas. Had the set-
tlement been postponed a few years longer, it
is not improbable that American emigrants
would have so filled the country even up to 54'
40' and all the country would have been one.
In the discussion botii sides were partly right
and partly wrong, as history clearly demon-
strates. The "30,000 rifles" theory of Senator
Henton, in the hands of emigrants, was correct.
The "time and patience" theory of Mr. Web-
ster and Mr. Caliioiin was also correct. These
acting together, solved the "Oregon question,"
and on the whole, as matters stood in 1840,
solved it honorably and justly to both the high
contracting parties.

It is probably due to the justice of history
that we shoulil not dismiss finally the subject
of the rival claims and claimants to Oregon.

and of the iliplomatic negotiation- through
which, those claims were led to a final settle-
ment, without some notice of a curious and an-
noying error into which the people of Oregon
were led in regard to what was contained in the
Webster-Ashburton treaty. It was not only
annoying to the leelings of the people of Ore-
gon, but it led to the writing of a great deal of
fictitious history, the writers not stopping to
ascertain the truth or falsity of the rumors
which tlmy ado|»ted as fact. The error was
this: That, in the negotiations between Mr.
Webster for the United States and Lord Ash-
burton for Kngland a [troposition was discussed
and well nigh adopted for the United States to
cede to (treat Hritain her claim to Oregon for
e.xtended fishing privileges on the banks of
Newfoundland, and some other privileges con-
trolled by the English on the northeast coast.
This statement was brought to Oregon by the
emigrants of lS-12 am) raised a great excite-
ment ainmig the people. It was widely
claimed that it was this that prompted, or
rather impelled Dr. Whitman to make his
perilous winter journey to the Eastern States
in order that the Government should be
prevented from making that fatal trade. Dram-
atic incidents have been recited as veritable
history connected with these sui)posed facts,
which hav(( had no being but in the excited
imaginations of careless writers, or the partial
and overwrought eulogies of admiration and
friendship.

The truth of the matter is clea/ly ascertained
to be that the subject of the Oregon boundary
formed no part of the formal negotiations of
that occasion. There is no reference to it in
the treaty, or in the documents accompanying
it when it was transmitted t^o the Senate for
ratification.

The statement so often made that Mr. Web-
stei and I'rejidcnt Tyler were prevented from
comni'tting this Idunder by the timely arrival
of Dr. V\'hitman in Washington, just before the
treaty whs to be signed, has not a shadow of
fonndatif ii. As lief'ore shown the treaty wa

'*--

MOUNT HOOD.

A l.OGCilNG CAMl'

HiaTORY OF oRsaox.

fiigiied AiiffUbt y, ISA'J, two moiitlis before Dr.
Wliitiiiaii startcii from his lioine in Oregon. On
tlio lull 't \v(i8 .•'ubniitted to tlio Seiiato. On
tlie 2(5tl; '! waa approved, and Lord Asldjiirton
started witli it the same day for England, where
it was ratitied, returned (o the United States,
and proclaimed on the lOtli of NovtMnl)er. IJr.
Whitman arrived in Washington in March fol-
lowing.

So plain a statement of fact renders it un-
necessary to balance probabilities or weigh ar-
guments; the factri are more convincing than
either. As the United States had never offered
to yield any territory to England sonth of the
4'Jth parallel, and had always peremjitorily re-
jected any offer from Great Hritian to com-
promise on a lower line, or the line of the Co-
liinibia river, so now Mr. Webster and Mr.
Tyler conld not and did not depart from the oft-
repeated position of the United States on that
question, and Mr. Webster's own statement that
" the United States had never offered any line
south of forty-nine, and it never will," conclude.*
it.

Although the Oregon treaty was made, and
had been proclaimed as the law of •^lie land, one
thing remained to be done which became a mat-
ter of intiiiite disagreement, and came very near
involving the two countries in war before its
final conclusion. The line was agreed upon,
but it was not run. The trouble arose from a
loni;-<'ontinued permission, on the part of (ireat
Britian, of tlie application of the description of
the line from wliere the forty-ninth parallel of
latitude strikes the gulf of Georgia. Thence,
as it was wordud in the treaty, it was to follow
" the middle of the channel which separates the
continent from V ancx)uver\s island," and follow it
I'lrough the straits of Fuca to the ocean. No
m.;p 6r chart was attached to the treaty on
which the line could be traced; so little was
really known of the gfography of the gulf of
(Tcorgia that it would have been difficult for the
commissioners to have traced the middle of the
clmiinel had one bei'U present. This left open a
ground for dispute and diplomatic finance.

between the continent and the island of Van-
couver lies an archipelago, a stretch of sea lifty
or more miles from east to west, and sixty or
more from north to south, in which are thirty-
nitie islands that have come uiulcr description
and name. These ranges from sixteen miles to
cue- fourth of a mile in length and from fifty-
four to one-half a scpiare mile In area. Through
these islands there run ten cliannels southward,
but combine in three as they enter into the
straits of l''u(!a. The one to the eastward is the
Kosario, the one to the west is the Canal de
Ilaro. Great Britian insisted on the line tak-
ing tlie eastward, or Rosario channel; the rniled
States claimed that the real channel was the
Canal de Ilaro, or westward channel. What
was between these channels was the real object
of desire on the jiart of both the contending
parties. This was an area of about 400 square
milep, in which area a numl)Br of i)rominent
islands, and some small ones, all comprising in
land area about 170 squaie miles. The owner-
ship and sovereignty of these were what was in-
volved in the settlement of the channel question.
The most valuable of these was San Juan, con-
taining fifty-five square miles, mostly good
grazing laud, which the Hudson's Bay Company,
whose center of trade was now Victoria on
Vancouver island, had been accustomed to use
as a pasture for their sheep. The ditl'erence
between the two channels was about this; Ko-
sario had about four miles wi<ltli of channel and
sixty favhoms of water in its greatest depth,
while the Canal do Ilaro had about si.x and a
half miles of miiximum width of channel, au<l
its greatest depth in 183 fathoms.

The debate over this question was hardly less
tedious and perplexing than that which ti.xod
the terms of the line at tirst. That de Ilaro
was the channel intended as the line, was too
plain for rational dispute, as no other was
known at the time the treaty was iiogotiated.
It was expressly mentioned, more than once, at
the very time and by the very persons that con-
ducted the negotiations.

When the CGitimissioners, a()pointed by the

JIJsroHY OF OA'AV/O.V.

two govei'iiineiits to run the line Hgroed npon
ill tlii^ treaty, met to iiccomplish tiieir task, Ciip-
tiiiii I'revost, for the Uritieli (idvermiient, de-
ciiired RoKjirio to lie tlio •' channel " of that
iiiHtniiiient. Of course this claim was met by
Mr. (,'aiii|iliel! on the part of the irnitod States
with rejuction. Then I^ord KtiHsell proposed as
a conipromise the middle, or president's chan-
nel. Tliis was suifijested because, while it
yielded a little in area of water, it still retained
Kan. I nan island on tiie liritish side of tiie line.
l.,ord Itiissell instructed Lord Lyons, the British
envoy to the United States, that no line would
be airreed upon that did not leave that island on
the British side of it. Mr. Lewis Cass, our
secretary of Stare, met thifi menace — for such
it really was — with words equally decisive.
This ended the effort to fix the line geographi-
cidly through this archipelago. Then the I'a-
citic pioneers again took it up. Twelve years iiad
passed since the treaty, and ministers of State
had invited ditliculties and postponed decisions.
These pioneers were as clear of head as tliey
were resolute of heart. They knew how to set-
tle it; and they tried their knowledge on.

if the line was not determined they had as
good a right on San Juan island as had the
Hudson's Bay Company. They would go there.
Twenty-tive Americans and "heir families were
there, — for when was there ever a pioneer man
so bold and brave that he could not find a
woman as bold and brave as lie, to accompany
him, and brace his armor to his breast? The
arrogant Hudson's Bay people were all about
them. Collisions were imminent. Of this
condition Sir Robert J'eel declared in the Brit-
ish i'arliament it " must probably involve both
countries in an appeal to arins unless speedily
terminated."

The Oregon Territorial leijislatnre, in the
session of 1852 -"53, included San Juan and all
the islands in the archipelago in a county. Soon
after the Hudson's Bay Company took formal pos-
session of the island Oregon levied ta.xes on the
property of the company, and when payment was
refused, the sheritl' sold sheep enough to pay

them. This was the ready method of the pio-
neer; ojien the conflict on the ground for which
the battle is to be fought. Of coiirse recrimi-
nations and reprisals followed. This was ex-
pected. The local excitement increased, (ien-
eral Harney, comniandei' of the l)epartmeiit of
Oregon, in ISoit, landed 4(51 troops on the is-
land, and iiistructeil Captain Pickett — lie of tic
charge of Gettysburg — to protect Americans
there, English naval forces, to the number of
five ships of war, conveyiii"' 107 guns and 1,940
men gathered near tiie litt e island. The
Americans threatened to resis: by for- .jv nt-
tempted landing of English roops. Tin; Kig-
lish commander proposed against military oc-
cupation of San Juan, bit to this Captain
Pickett res[ionded: " I, being here under orders
from my government, cannot allow any joint
occupation until so ordered by my commanding
general, in this he had the approval of his
commander. But (leneral Harney had acted
without instructions from Washington, and the
president withheld his official apjM'oval of the
act of taking possession of the island in this
manner, and expressed the hope that (General
Harney had done so for the protection of Ameri-
can citizens and interest alone, and with no
reference to territorial acquisitions. Still it was
obvious that the Government at Washington
was not unwilling that an issue should be forced,
so that the question would be settled. Certainly
the pioneers of the Northwest approved it.

In the emergency General Scott was sent to
the field of action, arriving late in 185t). On
his way he called at Portland, and conferred
with leading citizens and Territorial officers.
The writer remembers him well as he appeared
as he walked the deck of the Massachusetts, as
she lay at the Portland wharf, on his way to the
north. He had iiiet him once before, on the
hill at the head of " Lundy's Lane," but six
years before. General Scott went out under
Pacific instructions, directed to bring atiout
"joint occupation" of San Juan until the
boundary line was settled. General Harney
was withdrawn from command in the North-

iiisrouy (IF ouKciiN.

west. It was ugrecil lietween Gi'iicral Scott
and (lovernor I)(>iif^la> of Vmu'oiivur, tlmt 100
armed nioii of oacli party slioiild occupy tlu- is-
land; and tini.s a;;aiii tlie case was rcinandcd to
diplomacy. I?iit the act of (iencrai Harney
had forced a speedy ailjustnietit.

The next resort was a proposal on the part of
Great Itritain to sulimit the question at igtsiie
hetweeii the two yovertnents to arbitration, and
he mimed the king of the Netherlands, or of
Sweden and Norway or the president of the
Federal Council of Switzerland, as the arldter.
This propt/sition was declined hy the I'nitcd
States, and for ten years tiie question linj^ered.
At length, on the 8tii of May, 1871, the ques-
tion was given for final arbitration, without ap-
peal to Emperor William of Germany.

For twenty-five years, nnder the finesse of
J'ritish diplomacy, the treaty of June 15, 1846,
had waited for its execution. Its interpretation
wae the last question of territorial right between
Great Hritain and the United States. It was
eminently fitting that George Bancroft, who was
secretary of the navy when the treaty was ne-
gotiated, and was now the only remaining mem-
ber of the administration that negotiated it,
should he choeen to expound the treaty to the
OJerman Emperor on the part of the United
States. His memorial of 120 octavo pages is
one of the most finished and unanswerable di-

plomatic arguments ever produced. Each party
pre.-ented a inemorial setting forth its case.
These memoriids were then interchanged and re-
plies were presented from each. Tlle^efour papers
the Emperor had before three eminent jurists,
besides giving them his personal attention.
After a full and faithful examination of the
submitted case the Emperor decreed this
awar<l ;

'• Must in accordance with the true interpre
tations of the treaty concluded on the loth of
June, 1850, between the Government of her
Britannic Majesty and of the United States of
America is the claitii of the (Jovornment of the
United Slates, that the boundary line between
the territories of her Britannic Majesty and the
United States shoidd be drawn through the
Ilaro channel. Authenticated by our auto-
graph signature, and the impression of the Im-
perial Great Seal. Given at Berlin October
the 21st, 1872." Thus the end of the long con-
troversy came.

For over ninety-two years, the two great
English-speaking nations of the world had
been trying to decide upon a line that
should decide lietween them from sea to sea,
and at Berlin, and by the Emperor William,
the last and definite word was spoken, and the
controversy was ended.

^^■%(il"!e)lr*^'

nr/iJ'ORV OF OREGOX.

CIlAl'TER IX.

FIIIST AMEUICAN SETTI.KMENT.

AsTiilJIA — ClIAKAl TKK UK IvAUr.V TifAliK — .JollN JacOH AsTOK— JkKFEKSOn's LeTTKU TO AstOR

Tin; I'aciik^ Fuk (Jompanv — Its Membkks — Tiik Siiir Tonquin — Arrival at the Coldm-

llIA — OVKIM.ANII CoMI'ANV — WllXIN PkK K IIuNT — IJp THE MisSOURI — OvEK TIIE MOUNTAINS — ■

Wrecked on Snake River— In Snake Riveu Dexeri' — Ai'pallino Obstacles — Company
Reach Astoria — The Shu- Tonquin Again — Landing at Astoria — Toncjuin Sails North
— Ti{ADiN(i "NVriMi iiiE Natives — Destruction ok the Tonqi'in — Irvinci's Account — Alexan-
der McKay — Akkairs at Astoria — The Nokthwestern Company and McDouoai Arri-
val OF Siiii' Heaver — Mackenzie and the Nothwestern Company — Gatherino ok the
I'art.n'ers at Astoria — Bkiiish War Ship Expected — Expedition for the Relief ok As-
toria AllANDONEI) NeoOITATIONS WITH NoRTHWESTEKN CoMPANY— AsTORI A SlRRKNDERED

TO THAT Company— -Arrival ok A[r. Hunt — Astoria Returned to the United States

AKTKR THE Cl.OSE OK THE WaR.

iT will be hard to put into a brief chapter a liis-
tory that the genius of an Irving has woven
, into a volume tliat has l)ecoine a classic of
romance and adventure: but the integrity of
our purpose demands that the trial be made.
Other chapters of this book have related the
events that led up to the inaj^niticent enterprise
of John Jacob Astor in his attempt .0 found a
colony and establish u great coninieree on the
Pacific coast, and hence it is not needful even to
recapitulate. It may, however, be ]noper to
etate, in an introductory paragrapii, that the
trade of the Pacific coast, including that on the
Columbia river, durinji; the first decade of the
present century, was largely of a fugitive char-
acter, or in other words, was the commerce of
individual adventure rather tlian of <jrijanized
companies recognized by national law and sus-
tained by national authority. The individuals that
conducteil it, might, and indeed often did, repre-
sent wealthy and long-established houses in cities
on the other side of the world, but their field of
operations were so distant and their trade was
encompassed l>y so many contingencies incident
to the character of the people with wiiom they
dealt, that they might well be considered '•ad-
venturers," France, hiivinjj tiansferred all lier

interests of territory and trade to the United
States, was out of the line of competition, either
for place or profit, England, with her usual
greed, gasped eagerly at both. The United
States had legitimately inherited the loftier
part of English ambition for greatness and gain,
and of course she claimed, as of right, freedom
for trade and the occupancy of her citizens in all
the westward regions to the sea. Her technical
claim was, as we have seen elsewhere, founded
on the discovery of the Columbia river by (!ap-
tain Gray in 1793, on the explorations of Lewis
and Clarke, continued from the springs in the
mountains to the discharge between the capes
into the ocean of the mighty Columbia in 1805,
and by later purchase, from the Government of
France, in 1804, of all her rights of territory.and
every other right she hold, of the vast Louisiana
country, stretching from the Missouri to the
Pacific. Engianil's technical rights wore based
on allege<l discoveries by Ciiptain Sir Francis
Drake. Captain Cook. Captain Vancouver, aiul
the explorations of Alexander Mackenzie. Thus,
in tlie assertion of these technical claims to
Oregon, and in' the effort of each to validate
tiiese claims as ag.iinst tiie otiier, the United
States and Great Britain stood face to face in

MTi-Ii'iiiritMtl

insroHy or ojie<>on.

tlie opoiiiiij; of tlie long and final strii^jj^le that
wonid fill-ever (leterinine wlietlit-r ()i'Ci;iMi slionld
je Ainerieiin or l>riti.sli -tlie stniui'lo for act ii ill
possession, during the first decade of the cen-
tury.

The influence of Mr. Jefferson, as our readers
know, was then potent in American afl'airs, and
he earnestly sougiit American Bn])reinacy on the
Pacific coast. John .Jacob Astor was then a cen-
tral fiifure in American commercial enterprises,
and had alreaily extended his ventures beyond
the fi;reat lalcos and the headwaters of the Mis-
sissisippi. His attention was attracted to the
vast region westwanl of the Rocky mountains,
and he resolved to carry into thein tlio commer-
cial force of an organized com j)any to supplant the
fngit've trade of tl^o independent rivers of the
wilde Miess aixf tiiesoa. Witli the prescience of
a statesman, as well as with the gt^nius of tiie
merchant, he resolved to establish a great cen-
tral post at the mouth of the Columbia, where
the drainage of almost half a continent meets
the waters of the mightiest ocean of the globe,
and forms a port for the world's greatest flow of
trade. Mr. -JefTerson and the most intelligent
and far-seeing statesman of the country gave
liini encouragement and counsel. They foresaw,
Rsin the vision of a clear prophecy, what we
read now as a marvekms history. Later, Mr.
Jefferson, in a letter to Mr. Astor, thus ex-
pressed his own views, of the enterprise the
latter had undertaken, in (hese words:

" I considered it, as a great public acquisition,
the commencement of a sertlement in that part
of the western coast of America, and looked for
ward with gratification to the time when its de-
scendants had spread themselves through the
whole length of the coast, covering it with free
and independent Americans, unconnected with
ns but by the ties of blood and interest, and
enjoying like us the rights of self-governmont,"

Tho pen is moved to draiv the contrast between
this fowcast of this great American statesman
ami the fulfilments of history, but must forbear.
In these intlnunces and under such inspirations
wiw the inception of Astoria.

\'v. .Vstor"- plan for liic (irgmiizul ion nl the
vstoria ("ompiiny -or, as it was called, the i'a-
cilic l'"ur Company -was broad and comprelieii-
sivo. It contemplated both a luiid expedilinti
to cross the continent, and llu' dis|iateb of a
vessel around cape Horn, and the two were to
meet at the mouth of the Columbia. Every con-
tingency that money could provide for was an-
ticipated. There was, however, an element of
weakness introduced in tin' organization that,
from an (!arly date, seriously interfered with its
work, and we tliiuk linally proved its overthrow.
It was this;

Though this was an .\merican enttM'prise Mr.
Astor did not sutHcieiitly apprecial<; the neces-
sity of making the personnel of his company
American. lie himself was a (ierman by birth,
and though he had achieved his great commei'-
cial success under the fostering freedom ot
American institutions, and was perseniilly an
American in the purpose and spirit of his life,
hardly realized that all of foreign birth who are
in Amcri(;a are n<it of America. Hence, in se-
lecting his partners, though he chose men of
great experience and ability in the kind of trade
upon which he was adventuring, he selected for
leading partnerships several who had belonged
to the Northwest Company, which was always
distinctively British in purpose as well as in
relation. While for trade alone they were ade-
quaiii to any patriotic American purposes they
were alien in thought and sympathy. They
were in the company ot Mr. Astor for pi'oHt,
not American patriotism. These '>ion were
Alexander McKay, who had accompunied Mac-
kenzie on both his j^reat journeys, Diincnn
McDougal, David Stuart, Jlobert Stuart and
Donald McKenzie. As a providence against
future difficulties between the United States and
Great Britain, in the regions whither they were
bound, these gentlemen ])rovided themselves
with proofs of their British citizenship, while
while they trusted to their association with an
American enterprise to shelter them under tho
eagle's wings Only one American, Wilson
Price Hunt, of New Jersey, was an interested

IlIsrOUY OF OIlKdON.

liiirtiii'r fniiii tin; lirst; Idit ti liiui wii.s iiilru.-tLtl
tlio iiiaiiaifeiiuMit of till' enterprise. So t'tir tliese
details ul' tlie iiri,'iinizuti(iii are necessary if we
would iiniierstan<l tiie caiisus tliat prodiieeiJ ru-
Bultfi to wliieli we siiaii presently I'onie.

In earryinj; forward his plans Mr. Astor pur-
chased and ecjuippeil the ship Toii'iuiii, com-
inanded liy Captain .louatliau Thorn, ii lieuten-
ant of tile .Vnu'rican navy on i'nrlotiijh. She
mounted ten f^uns, had a crew of twenty men,
and was freighted with a lari^e cargo of supplies
for the company and of merchandise for trade
with the people of the coast. She carried also
the frame of a small schooner for use in the
coastwise trade. As passengers she had Jlelvay,
McI)ougal, tlu! two Stuarts, twelve clerks,
several citizens and thirteen Canadian voya-
gours. The Tor.iniin sailed from Now York
for the mouth of the Columbia river, ou the 2d
day of August, 1810. Nothing in her vciyage
is to bo specially noted, except it may he some
conilict of authority between Captain Thorn, a
thorough American, and the Scotch Mc'e and
Stuarts on board, whom he persisted in treating
as mere passengers, while they claimed the con-
sideration of owners and employers. In this
there was a slight omen if the trouble that was
to follow.

The Tonquin arrived otf the bar of the Co-
lumbia on the -^'^d day of March, 1811, Tlie
bar was rough and the breakei's rolled high.
Captain Thorn ordered Mr. Fox, the first mate
of the ship, to take a boat's crew of one seaman
and three Canadian voyagours and explore the
channel. The boat was launched and put forth,
but soon disappeared and all on board were lost.
The next day another boat was sent out on the
same errand, but was swept out to sea and only
one of its crow reached the shore. Just as the
second night of gloom was settling down on the
dreaded bar the Tonquin succeeded in crossing,
and anchoring just within. But the night was
an anxious and fearful ou". The wind threatened
every moment to sweep the vessel on the sands
among the rolling breakers. Hut the night
passed with the anchors of the ship still safely

holding, and in the morning she passed safely
in and again cast her anchors in a good harbor.
With the Tonquin safely moored in the Colum-
bia river, we turn to trace the course of that part
of the great ex|)edition that had directed its
course over the lloijky mountains for the same
point.

This party was entrusted to Wilson I'rice
Hunt. It was composed of McKen^iic, and
thr(« new partners in the conijiany, — ilumsay
Crooks, Robert McClellan and Joseph Miller.
Besides were .Fohn Day, a noted Kentucky hun-
ter; rit-rro Dorion, a French half-breed, who
was taken as interpreter; and enough trappers
and vcyageurs to make up a complement of sixty
men. They left the frontier settlements west
of the Missouri in the spring of 1811, and pur-
sued the usual course of travel up the Missouri
river in canoes and barges to the Mandan coun-
try, thence with horses across the Rocky mount-
ains to the waters that tlow toward the Pacific.
To accomplish this required all the summer and
part of the autumn, and the ])arty reached Fort
Henry, on Snake river, on the 8th of October,
1811. After detaching some small parties of
hunters and trappers, who were to use Fort
Henry as their base of supplies, the main part,
under Mr. Hunt, embarked in canoes, which
they had constructed on the banks of the river,
and continued their journey down that treac.h-
erous and turbulent stream. Without much
trouble, and cheered by the wild notes of their
Canadian boatmen's song, they swept swiftly
down the river between the willowed banks that
channel its tlow, for a few days, when these
frail canoes were suddenly swept into the roar-
ing rapids of what is now known as " American
falls," and their voyaging came to a quick and
disastrous eiul. dust below them the river
dropped into a great, black chasm, through
which it roared and foamed for many miles,
making leap after leap over the e<lgo of basaltic
precipices into the deeper depths that seemed
evei' opening below. In this one moment the
expedition seemed to be hopelessly defeated,
and all sat (lown for the time gloomy and dis

msTOHY OF on Knox

71)

piiitt'il. OiiL' (if tlieir best iikmi hail ln'Oii lost
in tlic roiu'inif i'ii|)i(ls, ami soino of tlicir oaiioes
liuiii; hmki'ii wi'ccks ii|K)ii till' rocks in tlio iiiiJsi
of the falls, lint with such men in such enter-
prises, ilesprtir soon i^ives place to new resolu-
tion, ami so Mr. limit was soon rallying his
men for new and more desperate effort.

They were now in a most inhospita!)le coun-
try; a dreary desert without tree or fruit or
game, and winter was settling rapidly down
upon them. Nothinif retrained for them hut
to cache their baifgage and mccliandise, and
Beparating into smaller parties, the better to
obtain food in their joiiriu^yings, each make the
best of its way toward tlu^ coast on foot. How
far they wore from the goal of their journey
they did not know. It was a dark and desperate
venture that they looked in the fai'C, but it were
better than to lie (juiet, where they were, for
that were sure and speedy death by starvation.
One party under McKen,5ie struck ofi' toward
the north, hoping to reach the Columbia, which
they bcilieved must lay in that direction; one
under Crooks pursued its way down the south
bank of Snake river, and one mider Hunt down
its northern shore. The company of Mclvenzie
disa|)[K^areil under the dim horizon of the great
and terrible desert to the north and west of the
dread "(Cauldron lyinn," as the shipwrecked
party called the place where their canoe voyage
Bo fatally ended. The mountain ranges crowded
them to the west of their intended course, but
put them on the are of a circle described by
Snake river, and thus brought them to that
stream again about 250 miles from their start-
ing ])oint. The other parties, by following the
stream, described the oircks and hence Mo-
Kenzie's party came out ahead, and after reach-
ing the river in the vicinity of the Blue mount-
ains, followed it down until they readied the
Columbia. The parties of Hunt and Crooks
toiled wearily down over the Beamtul and cinere-
ous lava plains that border 8nake river, in a
great vent of which the river itself flows a thou-
sand feet below the general surface of the plains,
famishing for watei- and almost starving for

food. The most of the way only this imp.issa-
blc gorge was between them. Soiuetinies they
were in sight of each other, and when lln^y
reached the point where the rJM'r enters its
iron gorge through the Blue mountains they
uiu;am]UMl with only its turbulent current be-
tween them, licith parties were in a starving
condition, but that of Mr. Hunt had that day
captured a horse that belonged to a small camp
of Indians, wdio fled at thoir approach, and had
killed and was cooking it for supper. After a
canoe had been eonstructeil out of skins, S(une
of the meat was taken across to the other party.
On its second voyage a man, rendcrerl dtdirious
by famiiu!, upset t'l? canoe, was swept away and
drowned. This was on the ".iOth day of Decem-
ber, 1811. On the 23d day Mr. Hunt's party
crossed to the west side of the river, ami th(>
two parties, numbering thirty-six men in all,
'were again united, not far from where the Union
I'acitic railroad now crosses Smike river, near
the town of Huntington. Appalled by the ap-
parently insuperable obstacles before them, three
of the men wished to remain whore Ihey were
rather then venture the snowy passes of tlu!
mountain ranges that stood like liatlhunents of
ice before them. The remainder struggleil
wearily on, reaching the valley of Grande Uonde
on the last day of 1811. In a forlorn way the
company celebrated the festival of the new year
in the beautiful valley of Grande Konde — a
paradise of green in the midst of a wilderness
desert of ice and snow. With great dilKculty
and suffering the Blue mountains were passed,
and on the 8th day of January they came down
U])on the rmatilla river, and found food and
hospitable entertainment at an Inilian village
on its banks. The mountain barriers wei'e now
passed, and their route was now down the o|)en
way of the Umatilla and Columbia rivers to the
ocean. They arrived at Astoria on the loth day
of February, 1812, The party of Mclvenzie
having gained some ilays on those of Hunt an(i
Crooks by its shorter route and easier travelling,
had passed ilouii the Snake river to the tJolum-
bia, and down tliat to the ocean ; and. having

iiisiiiin Oh' titiKdvS.

Mi5

n^iK'lhMl Antniiii 11 month licfoiH^ tliosc ot II nut
Hr- 1 Crookr*, ^tdoil nii tin- Imiiks ot' (lie river as
tliu latter hiiiili'il. llif lirst to welcoinc! tlicir olil
poiii[iimi(ni.-i til tin; rcf^t iiml iHiiinty of Astoria.

Wlit'ii svf lii'^aii to traci; tiii' joiirnc}' of tlie
iaml poitioii ol' Mr. Aslor's f/reat expedition, wo
kl't tiie i.'o<ii| siiip '|\iri(jiiin at aiiclior in tile bay
at tlie rnoiilli 'li' the ( 'oliiiiiliia. It is snitaUlo
tliat \\■^' rt'tiiiii now and tal<e \\\) lier tiirilling
Htory:

Karl\ in .\|iril. ISll, the partners, wlio had
I'liine out in llie 'i'oM(|niii, liegan tin; erection of
a fort on tlic Bonth side of tlie river. Lieu-
tenant r«roii}^lit(in, of Van<',onvei''s e.\pe(lition,
s.ich tliu usual iiritisii partiality to royal recoin-
inendati.in, had i^^iven it the name of "Point
tieorjje," hut this party, ostensibly representiiii^f
the American spirit and ptirjjose, called it
".Astoria," in honm- of the founder and chief
pi'onioter (d' tlie enterprise. This was the lirst
r(id step in the actual possession of Orej^on by
the Aincrican people. Thouo;li there was much
disajj;reeinent among the partners of the com-
pany in regard to points of authority and eti-
quette, as well as between them and Captain
Thorn, by the first of June a storehouse was
built and the supplies landed. Captain Thorn
was iiii|)atient to proceed up the nortliW(^st coast
to open comuiunication with the Russian settle-
ments and engage in trade with the Indians, and
accordiimly, as soon as his vessel was cleared of
her load, on the uth day of June, even before
the fort was completed, he got under way, sailed
out of the month of the rivei', and turned the
prow of the Tonquin to the north. With him
was Mr. .McKay, one of Mr. Astor's partners,
jirobably the most considerate and thoughtful of
all tlio,,e thus intimately and prominently as-
sociated with Mr. Aster in this great venture.
The vessel ])roceedcd on her voyage, and in a
few days came to anchor in one of the numerous
harbors on the west shore of Vancouver island.
Mr. McKay went on shore. During his absence
the vessel was surrounded by a vast number of
the savages. Soon the deck of the vessel was
covered by the swarthy multitude. They were

eager to trade, but demanded a higher jirice for
their furs than Captain Thorn was willing to
pay. Tiieir stubbornness ])rovoked the irascible
ca])tain to augi-r. and he refused to deal with
them at all. Seizing the (-hief of the band who
had been tbllowing the captain about the deck
and taunting him with his stinginess, he lubbed
an otter skin in his face, and somewhat then
violently ordered the whole band to leave the
vessel, (Miforcing his command by blows. Dur-
ing this uiisadventnre Mr. McKay was on shore
— an ill-starred fact for the vessel and exptidi-
tii^n. What followed is related with such cir-
cninstantial fidelity by .Mr. Irving in his " As-
toria," and it bears such an iinportatit, if not
decisive, relation t(j the ultimate result of the
whole enterprise, that we transcribe it for these
pages. Mr. Irving says:

"When Mr. McKay came on board, the inter-
])reter related what had jiassed, and bogged him
to prevail on the captain to make sail, as, from
his knowledge of the temper and pride of the
people of that place, he was sure that they
would resent the indignity ofTered to one of
their chiefs. Mr. McKay, who himself possessed
some experience of Indian character, went to the
captain, who was still pacing the deck in moody
humor, represented the danger to which his
hasty act had exposed the vessel, and urged
upon him to weigh anchor. The captain made
light of his counsels, and pointed to his cannon
and firearms as a sutticient protection against
naked savages. Further remonstrances only pro-
voked taunting replies and sharp altercations.
The day passed away without any signs of hos-
tility, and at night the captain retired, as usual,
to his cabin, taking no more than usual jirecau-
lions. (blithe following morning, at daybreak,
while the captain and Mr. McKay wore yet
asleep, a anoe came along side in which were
twenty Indians, commanded by young Shewish.
They were unarmed, their aspect and demeanor
friendly, and they held up otter skins, and made
signs indicative of a desire to trade. The cau-
tion of Mr. Astor, in regard to admitting Indians
on board the ship, had been neglected for some

'V,,,^v,

iiisToii) or (i/iKd'iy.

time past, mid tlie otHwr of tlio watcli, porceiv-

iiig tliuM! ill tlie (Niiiue to lie witlimit \vcii|ioMrt,
ami iiaviiiii; ivceivcMJ no onkins to tii« c(jMtniry,
reiiiiily pui'iiiitteii tlioiii to mount tiie liect;. An-
otlior uttiioe 800II siieceuded, tliu crew of wiiicli
wuri also admitted. In a littlo while other canoes
caine olf, and Indians were soon damherinj^ into
the vessel on all sides.

The ofHcer of the watcii now felt alarmed, and
called to (!aptain 'I'liorn and Mr. McKay. J^y
the time they came on deck it was thronged
with Indians. The interpreter remarked to
Mr, Molvay that many of the Indians wore sliort
mantles of skins, and intimated a suspicion that
they were secretly armed. Mr. McKay urged
the captain to clear the siiip and ^et under
weigh. He again made lii^ht of the advice, hut
the augmented swarms of canoes alioiit the ship,
and tlie numher.s still i)uttingoif from the shore,
at length awakened his distrust, and he ordered
some of the crew to weigh anchor, while some
were sent aloft 'o make sail. The Indiana now
offered to trade with the captain on his own
terms, prompted ap[)arently by the approaching
departure of the ship: accordingly a hurried
trade was commenced. The main article sought
hy the Indians in barter were knives; as fast as
some are supplied they moved off, and others
.su;'.o(«ded. Hy degrees they were thus dis-
tributed about the deck, and all with weapons.
The anchor was now nearly up, the sails were
loose, and the eaptain in a loud and peremptory
voice ordered the ship to be cleared. In an in-
stant a signal yell was given; it was echoed on
every side, knives and war clubs were brand-
ished in every direction, and the savages rushed
upon their marked victims.

The tirst that fell was Mr. Lewis, the .ship's
clerk. He was leaning with folded arms on a
bale of blankets, engaged in bargaining, when
he received a deadly stab in the back, and fell
down the coinpai. Ion-way. Mr. McKay, who
was seated on the taffrail, sprang to his feet,
but was instantly knocked down with a war
club and flung backward into the sea, when he
was dispatched by the women in the canoes.

In the meantime (^ipi.iin Tln'in imuh' a despi'r-
ate light against fi'iirfni (nM>. lie \v:is a |iow-
ert'iil as well as a resolute man, luil In^ cime on
deck withiiut weapons. Sliewish, the young
chief, singled him out as his peculiar piey, and
rushed u|)on him at the Hrst outbreak. The
captain had hardly time to draw a clasp-knife,
with one blow of which he laid the young sav-
age dead at his feet. Several of the stoutest
followers of young Shewish now set upon him.
He defended himself vigorously, dealing crip-
pling blows right and left, strewing the(|uarter-
<leck with slain and wounded. 1 1 is object was
to tight his way to the cabin, where there were
lirearins, but he was hemmed in with foes, cov-
ered with wounds and faint with loss of blood.
For an instant ln^ leaned u|)ou the tiller wlnu^l,
when a blow from behind with a war club felled
him to the deck, when ho was dispatched with
knives and thrown ()verbt)ard.

While this was transacting upon the quarter-
deck, a chance medley was going on throughout
the ship. The crew fought desperately with
knives, handspikes, and whatever weapons they
could seize upon in the moment of surprise.
They were soon, however, overpowered by num-
bers an<l mercilessly butchered. As to the seven
who had been sent aloft to make sail, they con-
templated with horror the carnage that was
going on below. Ueiiig destitute of weapons
they let themselves down by the running rig-
ging, in hopes of getting between ducks. One
fell in the attempt and was ininiediatelv <!!«-
patched; another received a death-blow in the
back as he was descending; a third, Stephen
Weeks, the armorer, was mortally wounded as
he was getting down the hatchway. The re-
mainins; few made trood their retreat into the
cabin, where they found Mr. Lewis still alive,
though mortally wounded. Barricading the
cabin door, they broke holes through the cdm-
panion-way, and, with muskets and ammunition
which were at hand, opened a brisk fire that
soon cleared the deck. Thus far the Indian
interpreter, from whom these particulars are
derived, bad been an eye-witness of the deadly

H'J

IllHfOltY Oh' oiiKnox.

(UDillict. ill; liad tiikcii im jiMit in it uiiil lia<l
lietiii ttjiiircM] h^ till! iiiitivi's i\6 huirig ol tliuir nice.
Ill tliu coiiriihioii ill" tlie inoini'iit lie took rut'iigo
witli tile I'l'nt ill tliu ciiiioes. Till' survivors of
tliu eviMit MOW siillioil forth and (li8('lmr<^t'il eoinu
of fill' iluck gnus, wliiidi (lid ^M'cat oxccution
iiiuouj^ till) raiiDi's and drove ail the savages to
the shore.

I'or the rciiiaiiKlur of the day no one veuturiHl
to put olT to the ship, deterred l>y the eifcets of
the iirearins. The night oassod away withont
any further atteui|)t ou the part of the natives.
When day dawned the Tonquin still lay at an-
chor in the hay. her sails all loose and Happiiii^
ill the wind, and no one a]i[iarently on board of
her. After a time, some of the savages ven-
tured to reconnoitre, taking with them the in-
terpreter. They luKklled about her, keeping
cautiously at a distance, hut growing more and
more emboldened at seeing her (juiet and life-
less. One man at length made his apjiearanco
on the deck and was recognized by the inter-
pifter as Nfr. Lewis, lie made friendly signs
and invited them on board. It was long before
they ventured to coin])ly. Those who mounted
the deck were met with no opposition, for Mr.
],ewis, after iiniting them, had diaajipeared.
( )tlier canoes now passed forward to board the
prize; the decks were soon crowded and the sides
coveicd with clambering savages, iill intent on
]ilnniler. In the midst of their eagerness and ex-
ultation, the .ship blew up with a tremendous
explosion. Arms, legs and mutilated bodies
were blown into the air, and dreadful havoc
was made in the surrounding canoes. The iii-
teriiivter was in the main chains at the time
of the exjilosion, ami was thrown unhurt into the
water, when he succeeded in getting into one of
the canues. According to his statement the bay
]pr('senled an awful spectacle after the catastrophe.
The shiphaildisapjieared, but the hay was covered
with fi'iignients of the wreck, with shattered ca-
noes and Indians swimming for their lives and
struggling in the agonies of death, while those
who had escaped the danger remained aghast and
etupetied, or made with frantic panic for the

shore. I'pwaril of a hundred savages were
destroyed by the explosion, many more were
shockingly mutilated, anil for days afterward
the limbs and bodies of the slain were thrown
upon the hcach.

The inhabitants of JS'cwectec wi<re over-
wlielmed with consternation at the astounding
calamity which had burst upon them at the
very moment of triumph. The warriors sat
mute and mournful, while the women lilled
the air with loud lamentations. Their weep-
ing and wailing, however, were suddenly
changed into yells of fury at the sight of four
unfortunate white men brought captive into
the village. They had been driven ashore in
one of the ship's boats, and taken at soino dis-
tance along the coast. The interpreter was jjcr-
mitted to converse with them. They proved
to be the four brave fellows who had made such
a desjierate defense from the cabin. • The in-
terpreter gathered from them some of the par-
ticulars .uready related. They told him further,
that, after they had beaten off the enemy and
cleared the ship, Lewis advibcd that they should
slip the cable and endeavor to go to sea. They
declined to take his advice, alleging that the
wind set too strongly into the iiay and would
drive them on shore. They resolved, as soon as
it was dark, to put off quietly in the ship's
boat, which they would he able to do iinper-
ceived, and to coast along back to Astoria.
They put their resolutions into effect, but Lewis
refused to acconi|)any them, being disabled by
his wound, hopeless of escape, and determined on
a terrible revenge. On the voyage he had fre-
quently expressed a presentiment that he should
die by his own hands, thinking it highly prob-
able that he should be engaged in some con-
test with the natives, and being resolveil in
case of extremity to commit suicide rather than
be made a prisoner. He now declared his in-
tention to remain on the ship until daylight, to
decoy us many of the savages on board the ship
as possible, then set (ire to the jiowder maga-
zine and terminate his life by a simple act of
venurpance. How well he succeeded has been

insToiir 'IF (iiiFiuts.

sliown. Mis i'(iiii|iaiiii>Ms \\m\v liiiii \\. iiicliiii
('.holy itilitMi iiiui set olf on tlieir |)ri'c'ui'i(iUH ex-
pedition. Tliey Htrovn with inif{lit iiiiil iiiniii
to get out uf tlic Itay, l)ut rouiiil it iinpoHriililu
to woatiicr a point of land, and were at lengtli
eoinpi'lled to tnk(^ siielter in a small cove, where
they hoped to remain concealed nnti! the wind
shotilil III! moi'e favtirahle. Kxhaiisted hy fa-
tigneand waftrhinjx. they fell into a sound sleep,
and in that state were surprised hy the savaffes.
liutter had it hecn for these unfortunate men
if they had remained with Lewis and shared his
lieroic death; as it was they pi>rished in a more
painl'iil and protracted manner, hcinif sacrificed
l)y the natives to tiie manes of their friends,
with all the lingering tortures of savage cruelty.
Some time after their death, the interpreter,
wiio liad remained a kind of prisoner-at-large.
effected his escape and hronglit the tragical tid-
ings to Astoria.

Thus ended tlie career of tlie Tonquin and
her able hut obstinate and liot-headod Captain
Thorn, and here too closed the career of Alex-
ander ^[cKay, a man to whom ^^r. Aster luid
just'.y looked as one most able to direct the
vast interests that he had committed to this
commercial venture on the Pacific coast. Mr.
Mclvay, however, left a representative in Ore-
gon in the person of his son, who became cele-
brated in the annals of adventure on the trails
of the fur trader and in the campaigns of tlie
Indian wars of Oregon. At a later period his
descendants, in the persons of Dr. W. C. Mc
Kay, of Pendleton, Oregon, and Donald Mc-
Kay, the celebrated scout in al' the Indian wars
of forty years, have won for his name continued
distinction, and been of great service to the re-
gion in the interests of whose foundations their
forefathers died.

Affairs at Astoria were, meantime, progress-
ing slowly toward a settled condition. The
fort was completed, and everything put in readi-
ness for the large tracJe which was reasonably
anticipated witli the surroundincr tribes. Dur-
ing the suinnu'r only one event occurred to

I'ullle till' smooth li 'W <ir tlic >oiiK'wli;it iiinnol
onous life of the p,i>t. It was this:

On the 15th of Jidy a canoe, nninned by
nine white men, was seen deseen<lii;<» the river,
aiul in a short time they lanih-il on the beach.
They proved to be a party sent by the power
fnl Northwest Company, a llritish corjioration.
conunandeil by David Thomiison, a |)artuer in
the company, lie had been dis|iat(du'd from
Montreal the year before to anticipate the ar-
rival of the Astor party, and take possession of
the montii of the Columbia before that party
should arrive. His journey had been greatly
hindered, many of his men had deserted, and
now with the few who rcnuiined faithful, lie
had arrived too late for the purpose Cor which
he had made the long and perilous jouriujy.
The flight of the eagle had been too ra})id for
the crawl of the lion, and America had first
possession in Oregon. Still there was that in
the reception that McDougal, who had charge
at Astoria, tendered to Thompson, the agent of
an opposing and foreign corporation, that, if it
could have been understood, boded no good to
the interests of Astoria. McDougal had him-
self been formerly connected with the North-
west Company, and still cherished the warmest
sympathy with it, and a still wanner symjiathy
with the principles and purposes of the IJritish
Covernment. Hence Thompson's welcome was
cordial; his wants were bountifully supplied;
and, notwithstaiuling the fact that the very
pnrpose of his presence was to thwart the very
designs for which McDougal and his companj'
were there, he was sent on his return journey,
eight days later, with the benefaction.-*, if not
the benedictions of McDougal thick upon him.
This visit of Thompson's was a most sinister
one, and he is a blind reader of history who
cannot connect it, and tlio information and im-
pressions he obtained in it, with events toward
which our story hastens, and which will not be
long to appear.

It is hardly necessary for us to trace the
story of the various efforts of the comjiany to
extend its trade and establish outposts during

,.*^..

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Photographic

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Corporation

'<^

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14S80

(716) 873-4903

)

nr STORY Ot OKEnoN.

the ^mlllller and iiiitunm of 1812. Tliey were
Imt piirts of tliis jreiieral liibtoric enterprise
wliicli liuil its heart and pivot at Astoria, an d,
however interesting as individual inci<ient8 of
adventure they iniglit be, they did little to affect
or change the current of events that was eo
rapidly flowing toward a liiutoric point of great
importance.

On the 9th of May, 1812, the ship Beaver,
Kent hy Mr. Astor with re-enforceinents and
supplies, arrived at Astoria. Her arrival pnt
the I'acitic Fur Company in liie liest condition
fur vigorous and protitahle service. After the
discliar<re of her cargo, Mr. Hunt, w^lio it will
ho reineinbered was Mrs. Aator's immediate re|)-
resentative in the charge of the company, set
out in her for .Vlaska, to fulfill the mission on
which the ill-fated Tontjnin had sailed; leaving
Mr. Duncan McDougal in "harge at Astoria.
Tli(,> llcaver sailed on her voyage up the coast
in tne month of August. As the closing
months of the year passed by, and the first
of the next was following them, and she did
not return, gloomy apprehensions of her fate set-
fled down on Astoria. McDougal, especially,
gave way to the most unmaidy despondency.
He had nothini: l)ut evil forebodings and
prophecies for the whole enterprise. At this
juncture he was surprised on the lOth of .Jan-
uary by the appearance of McKenzie, way worn
and weather-lmaten from a long winter jonrney,
from liis p(jit on Snake Run, with intelligence
which brought to McDougal confusion of mind,
if not dismay of lieart. It had l)een brought
to the post of McKenzie by Mr. ,Iohn George
McTavish, a partner of the North w^bt Company,
and coininanding a |K)Bt of that company in the
vicinity of that commanded by McKenzie.
While McTavish was delighted by it McKen-
zie was as much alarmed, and lodt no time in
breaking up his establishment and hastening
with all his people to Astoria. T!ie sub-
stance of the news that thus delighted McTav-
ish and dismayed McKenzie, was that war had
been declared between England and the United
States; that as the representative of the English

company he was prepared for tlie vigorous op-
position to the American, and he clapped the
climax of this, to hear very pleasing intelligence,
or, by saying that the armed ship, Isaac Todd,
was to be at the mouth of the Ct)lumbia river
about the beginning of March, to get possession
of the trade of the river, and that he was di-
rected to join her there at that time.

The intelligence brought by McKenzie com-
j)leted the dismay of McDugal. All hope of
nuiintaining Astoria was abandoned, and the
partners resolved to give up the post in the
following spring, and return across the Uocky
mountains. Meantime all trade was given up,
and alter a short stay at Astoria, McKenzie set
off for his ])08t on Snake river, to prepare for
its ititended abandonment, and also for the
contemplated journey to the States. When the
party was some distance above the Dalles of
the Colutnbia, they met Mr. J. G. McTavish
with two canoe- loads of white men, in the em-
ployment of the Northwest Company, on their
way down the Colninbia to meet the Isaac Todd.
Thtr parties encamped together for the night,
like comrades rather than rivals, the two lead-
ers holding very friendly consultations, and in
the morning each proci-eded on his way. With
the exception of McKenzie the partners in com-
mand of posts in the interior did not agree with
McDougal's determination to abandon the coun-
try. They had been very successfnl in their
trade with the Indians, and considered it un-
manly to break up an enterprise of such
magnitude and promise on the first difflculty.
In this they were mci-e faithful and courageous
than their chief at, Astoria.

The time for the annual gathering of part-
ners, with the pro<lucts of the year's trade, at As-
toria, was in .lu.ie. Accordingly, on the 12tli
of that month, Mr. McKenzie, Mr. Clark, and
Mr. David Sti'art, arrived from the posts on
the upper Columbia and Snake rivers, bringing
a very vttinable stock of peltries. They found Mc-
Dougal, representing the Pacific Fur Conjpany,
aiid McTavish, representing the Northwest Com-
pany, rivals both in trade and nationality, in

IIlsrOliY OF OREGON.

closest t'clloWHhi[>. McDougal'sliospitality toMc--
Tavisli, was altogether uncalled tbr,aml the more
especially when the nation whicli he, as aniomher
of the Northwest Company, really represented,
was at war with the United States, and McJ)ongal
well knew thitt he was there for a hostile pur-
pose. He treated McTavish and hie party as
allies rather than enemies and rivals. McUon-
ijal had but to leave them to their own re-
sources and they must have abandoned the coun-
try immediately. The moral evidence of Mc-
Dougal'rt treason to his coin|)any is conclusive,
and the results soon justified the belief.

The ship Isaac Todd, which McTavisli expected
to meet at the month of the river, not arriving,
that gentleman applied to McDougal for a sup-
ply of goods with which to trade his way back.
They were furnished, and on the proposition of
McDougal the posts of the Pacitic Fur Company
on the Spokane was conveyed to the Northwest
Company. This established that company in
the very garden of the trade of the Pacific Com-
pany.

McUoiigal and McKenzie, who were at one in
their sinister purpose, at length succeeded in
intiuencing the minds of Clarke and Stuart, and
the two other parties present, and the four signed
a manifesto to Mr. Astor setting forth the most
desponding representations of the condition of
affairs at Astoria and formally announcing their
determination to dissolve the concern on the lut
of the following June. This instrument was
delivered to McTavish, who departed from As-
toria on the 5th of July, to be forwarded to Mr.
Astor at New York by tlie Northwest Company.

While these events were occurring on the
Pacific, others of not less moment to Astoria
were transpiring on the Atlantic. On the 6th
of March, 1813, Mr. Astor dispatched the ship
Lark with supplies for Astoria. She had scarcely
sailed before it became known to him that the
Northwest Company liad for the second time
memorialized the British Government, represent-
ing Astoria as an American establishment of
great strength, with a vast scope of purpose, and
urging that ii be destroyed. In answer to the

memorial, that government ordered the frigate
Phft^be to convoy the armed shij), Isaac Todd,
of the Northwest Com[)any, which was ready to
sail with men and supplies for a new establish-
ment at the moutii of the Columbia. They were
to proceed together to the mouth of that river,
capture or destroy whatever American fortress
they should find there and plant the Hritish Hag
upon its ruins.

To meet this new and alarming cotidition of
affairs, Mr. Astor appealed to the Government
and the frigate Adams, with Captain Crane com-
manding, was ordered to the mouth of the Co-
lumbia, and ?Ir. Astor immediately proceeded to
fit out the ship Enterprise, with supplies and
re-enforcements to sail in her company for As-
toria. Just as the two ships were ready for sea
the exigencies of the American naval service on
lake Ontario called for more seamen, and those
of the Adams were transferred to the squad-
ron of Commodore Chauncey, and the expedi-
tion was abandoned.

It would needlessly lengthen our work to at-
tempt to trace the complicated movements of
the different parties in one way or another con-
nected with the various expeditions, by both sea
and land, that in some way affected the history
of the great enterprise of Mr. Astor. On the
whole, taking into account the fact that the un-
dertaking had such vast and wide ramifications,
touching all the possibilities of Indian trade in
half a continent of trade with China and Russia
and other parts of the world, and that purchases,
sales and returns over the world-wide sweep of
Mr. Astor'a plans would needs require, at least,
two years before any intelligent estimate of suc-
cess or loss could be made, the conclusions of
McDougal and McKenzie at Astoria, with wliich
even Mr. Il.uit had at last, with much difficulty,
been persuaded to agree, appear to have been
childishly hasty, or else wickedly disloyal to
their patron and chief. Whichever it was, the
result to the enterprise was the same, and its
record can soon be made.

On the 7th of October a squadron of ten
boats under the command of J. G. McTavish,

IllsroilV t)F otlh'f.dS.

who lm<t with him Mr. J. Stiiiirt, auotliur piirt-
ner of the Nortliwest Company, witii some
('lt'i'l<s iiiid sixty-oif^ht tiieii swept arouiui 'roiij^iie
I'diiit, ami sipon after Uuided and eiieainpofl un-
der the irniis of tlie fort, displaying tlie Uritisli
colors. Tliere were some young men in the
fort, native Americans, who desired to run up
the "stars and stripes," hut McDou^'al forl)a<le
tliein. They were astonished and incensed, as
they would gladly have nailed the national en-
si<fn to the stafl' even at the cost of a hattle, but
their protest had no iiiHuence with McDougal.
He liad determined on a surrender of Astoria,
and to prepare the way for it read to the young
men of the fort a letter from his uncle, Mr.
Angus iShaw, one of the principal partners of
the Northwest ComjjJiny, announcing the com-
ing of the Pluelie a-ul Isaac Todd " to take and
destroy everything American on the northwest
coast." This did not dismay nor convince the
patriotic American youth, l)ut they were power-
less. McDougal and McTavish hastened nego-
tiations. On the same day thfe former agreed
to transfer Astoria and all it contained. It was
to he transferred to the Northwest Company on
terms that were entirely satisfactory to the
latter. I'efore the stipulations were signed,
however, Mr. Stuart and the reserve party of
the Northwest Company arrived and encamped
•with tlie party of Mr. McTavish. He insisted
on a reduction of prices and McDougal obse-
(|uiou8ly complied, and on the 16th of October,
181.'J, an agreement was executed by wliich the
furs and merchandi.se of all kinds in the entire
country belonging to the Pacific Fur Company
passed into the possession of the Northwest
Company at about one-third of their real value.
Soon after the British sloopof-war, Uaccoon,
arrived in the river, having come with high
hopes that in the capture of Astoria her officers
and men would be enriched by tlie trophies the
Americans had gathered. They found instead that
already the establishment had passed into the
hands of the Hritish subjects, and were sorely
disappointed. On the 12th of December the
|tjrmal raising of the Hritish tlag over the fort

took place, and in the name of her Hritannic
Majesty its mime was changed from Astoria to
l''ort (Jeorge.

About two months after this transaction, Mr.
Hunt, in the brig Pedlar, arrived at Astoria,
finding McDougal a |)artner of the Nortliwest
instead of the Pacific Fur Company, and acting
under the British instead of the American flag.
It was too late to remedy the grievous error
and wrong, and it remained for him only to
gather up the fragments that remained of tlie
interests of Mr. Astor and his great company;
and on the 13th of April, 1814. he sailed away
from the Columbia, sadly leaving the flag of
Oreat Britain floating where should have
streamed the ensiijn of America.

In concluding this ciiapter of Oregon-Amer-
ican history the writer can hardly help adding
the reflection that the key to the failure of Mr.
Aster's grand enterprise is found in the fact
that the most of its leaders were so largely for-
eigners. Their very names had a foreign accent
and orthography, and they loved the cross of
St. George inore than the stars and stripes of
(yolumbia. They were not great enough to be
true to principle and obligation against appeals
to feeling and profit. And so the American
establishment of Astoria became the Britist oost
of Fort (4eorge.

Matters at Astoria — now for a time to be called
Fort George- remained the same until the war
between the United States and Great Britain was
terminated by the treaty of Ghent, in 1815.
This treaty stipulated that "all territory, placfes
and possessions, whatsoever, taken by either
])arty from the other during the war, or wliicii
may be taken after the signing of this treaty,
shall be restored without delay." The com-
missioners, however, could not agree upon a
line of division between the jiossessions of
England and the United States west of the
Rocky mountains, and no action was taken in
regard to Fort George. In July, 1815, in ac-
cordance with its understanding of the terms of
the treaty, the United States (Jovernnient noti-
fied the British ministei' at Washington that it

V'-

ai STORY OF ouKaoy.

would iiiiiiicdintcly rcoccupy tlic captured fort
at the mouth of tlio (■oluinbin river, (-treat
Britain mado no otticial respouKC to this notice,
and for two years no further action vns taken.
At last, in Supteiuber, 1817, the American
sioop-of-war Ontario, commanded liy Captain J.
Hiddle, was despatched to the Columbia, and
the eaptaiti and Mr. J. 15. I'revost were consti-
tuted a commission instructed to assert the
claim of the United States to sovereignty over
the region of the Columbia. This decisive act
conipelle(i a decision also on the part of Great
Hritaiii, and resulted in negotiations, which
finally terminated in a formal transfer, in 1818,

of Fort George t(j Mr. I'revost as representative
of the United States, thus putting that power
again, at least nominally and formally, in the
possession of Oregon. Still the Northwest
Company remained in actual possession of the
property of Fort (ieorge by virtue of its pur-
ehase of the same from the agents of Mr. Astor,
as heretofore recorded. It was now a strongly
built and thoroujrhly armed fortress, and re-
mained j)ractically as much a British post as
before, )intil the final adjustment of the boundary
question, in 1840. Hut it had no history of its
own separate from the general history of
Oregon.

^■^■^

CHAPTER X.

OREGON'S MISSIONARY OCCUPANCY.

Ikdians IN Sk.^rch fob •' Liout" — Embassy to St. Louis— Indian's Si'Kkih— Mu. Cati.in'.s Testi-
mony— Amkiucan Chueciies Awakknkd— Jason Lee — His Missionary Work — The Field
Unknown — Journey to it — Lee and McLauoiilin — Mission Estmii-ished — Cai-tain Si.o.
cr.M — Others Aurive — Ll.i; Returns to the States — Lar(je Re-enkorcement — Indians
Decaying:— Presbyterian Missions — Dr. Whitman and Mr. Parker — First Journey ok
White AVomen — Indians of the Interior — Roman Catholic Missions — Arrival of Two
Priests — Element of Disi'ord — Basis of the Controversy — Error of the PisoTi-aTANTS —
Policy of the Catholics — Statement of Blanchet — Success of the Catholics — Their
Strenoth in 1847.

[E have traced the history of Oregon
through the traditions of its ante-civil-
ized state. It is now time that we turn
to its initial occupancy for civilized purposes
and life, without, at this point, discussing mo-
tives or philosophies of civilization, but giving a
plain narration of facts.

In the year of 1832 the attention of the
churches of the United States was called, in a
somewhat romantic and startling manner, to
tlie country west of the Rocky mountains as a

promising field for missionary work air ig the
native tribes. It occurred on this wise:

In some manner the Indians of the far north-
west had become impressed with the great su-
periority of the white man. With the natural
superstition of nncivilized races, or, it may be,
with the true instinei of universal humanity,
they assigned that superiority to the marvelous
power of the white man's God. To find that
God and avail themselves of the ad vantages
that a knowledge of Ilim would give them, l)o-
came the subject of earnest and repeated con

lIlsroKY UF OliKOON.

iiltatioii uiiioni^ tliein. They lm<l also ln-urd
that tlic white man had a huok tliat oiiuiiiiiirii-
cated that knowledge, and tliuy earnestly desired
its possession. How these gliinnierini;s of I'aet
liad come to their mindi* we cannot tell, though
it was doiihtless throufjli some stray American
trappers, or some wandering Iro<[Uois who had
come into contact with Christian teachings in
Canada or New York. They were crude at
best, invested witli the charm of snpernatural-
ism, always exciting and attractive to an In-
dian's mind, and of course stirred their imagin-
ations to the very deepest. In the councils of
the Flathead nation it was at last determined
th'U an embassy should be sent on the long
trail — they knew not how long — if haply they
might find the hook and bring back the cov-
eted light.

An old chief, celebrated among his people for
bravery and judgment, and an old brave skilled
in war, were selected, and with them were asso-
ciated two young braves for daring and jterilous
feats during the long journey, as the chosen
embassadors of the waiting and expectant tribe.

The route they took was never recorded.
They disappeared in the defiles of the Rocky
mountains, stole their way through hostile
tribes, traversed the wide, treeless plains that
stretch between the mountains and the Missouri
river, and finally appeared before General Will-
iam Clarke, who had led the exploring expedition
over the Uocky mountains to the sea seventeen
years before, with the story of their people's de-
sire and of their own journey for its gratification,
in St. Louis, then a hamlet on the uttermost bor-
ders of civilization, (ieneral Clarke was then su-
perintendent of the Indian affairs in the great
west, and the man to whom they would natur-
ally aj)ply for information they sought.

Without following the romantic speculations
of many writers as to what was done aii'l said by
these Indians, itis necessary to add but little more
than that their mission to them was a sad fail-
ure. The old Indian chief and his comj)anion
brave died in St. Louis, and after long and sad
inquiry tiie two young men |)repared to depart

for tiieir distant home. Hefore their ilepartur >
they took a ceremonious leave of Oetieral (JIarke
and one of them delivered to him a speech that
for sad pathos and wild eloquence may safely
be quoted as the equal of Logan's plaintive
Words. One who was present and listened to it,
thus puts into English its words:

" I come to you over a trail of many moons
from the setting sun. You were tiie friend of
my fathers, wlio have all gone the long wa^ I
came with one eye partly opened for mere light
for my people, who sit in darkness. I go back
with both eyes closed. How can I go back
blind to my peoj)le? I made my way to you with
strong arms, through many enemies and strange
lands, that 1 might carry back muck to tliein.
I go back with botii arms broken and empty.
The two fathei's who came with us — tlie braves
of many winters and wars — we leave asleep
here by your great water and wigwam. They
were tired in many moons of journey, and their
moccasins wore out. ily people sent ine to get
the wiiite man's Hook of Heaven. You took
me where they worship the Great Spirit with
candles, but tlie Hook was not there. You
showed nie the images of good spirits, and pict-
ures of the good land beyond, but the Hook
was not among them to tell us the way. I am
going back the long, sad trail to my people in
their tlark land. You make my feet heavy with
your burdens of gifts, and my moccasins will
grow old in carrying them, but the Hook is not
among them. When I tell my poor blind peo-
ple, after one more snow, that I did not bring
the Book, no word will be spoken by our old
men or by our young braves. One by one they
will nse up and go out in silence. My people
will die in darkness, and they go out on the
long path to the other hunting grounds. No
wiiite man will go with them, and no white
man's Book to make the way plain. I have no
more words."

The interview ended, the two remaining In-
dian messengers turned their faces homeward.
One died on the way, and the other returning
to iiis people, disappeared from historic record.

nrsToar of oiimaoN.

Tlie fact of tlie coiiiinif of tliis einlmssy, and
its disappointed return to the distant regions
wiicnco it came, waH soon noised abroad oa
H very romance of religion. A yoting clerk
in the ottice of General Clarke, having wit-
nessed tiie interview, and noted its sad and dis-
appointing end, detailed an account of it to
friends in Pittsburg. Oeorge Catlin was then
pursuing his studies and investigations in In-
dian lore, atid enriching his gallery with Indian
portraits and |)ainting8. To liini the letter was
shown. He had met the two returning braves,
traveled with them on the Yellowstone, and
even taken their portraits for his gallery, and
they had said nothing to him of the object of
their visit to St. Louis and its failure. He
therefore asked that the letter be not published
until he had written to General Clarke and as-
certained the tacts in the case. The reply from
the general cume at length, saying: "It is
true; that was the only object of their visit,
and it failed." On Catlin's advice the letter
was given to the world. In his "Indian Let-
ters," Mr. Catlin speaks of the matter thus:
" When I first heard the report of this extraor-
dinary mission across the mountains, I could
scarcely believe it; but on consulting with Gen-
eral Clarke I wae fully convinced of the fact.

* * They had been told that our religion
was better than theirs, and that they would be
lost if they did not embrace it."

The publication of the letter detailing these
events stirred the heart of the Christian people
of America as a call from God, — as who shall
say it was not? bor, though the one lone sur-
vivor of this embassy returned sad and disap-
pointed to his more disappointed people, hie
mission was far from being a failure, and, as we
read history backward from to-day, this event
seems a divine pivot on which turned not only
some of the most thrilling chapters of individ-
ual history ever recorded, but mnch of the
('esriny of the Indian people, and probably all
of that of Oregon.

It was forever contrary to the genius and
spirit of Christianity to leave a call so clearly

within the limits of the Christiati's idt-ii of
i'rovidence unanswered. So, while all the
churches of the land felt the "thrill of this provi-
dential call, the Methodist Episcopal Church
was the tirst to respond. She did not stop to-
experiment and explore, but through her con-
stituted authorities sought for a man to lead
the van I'uard of the forces of civilization and
Christianity over the Uocky mountains and
down toward the western sea a full 2,000 miles
beyond the westernmost fringe of American set-
tlement. In a church whose typical legend was
a man on horseback bearing a banner inscribed,
"The world is my parish." it could not bo far
nor difficult to find such a man, and, having
found the leader, to find coadjutor.^ jind helpers
in the work he adventured.

After due and diligent search the authorities
of the church decided that Jason Lee, a young
man of thirty-one yearh, who resided in Stan-
stead, Lower Canada, only just across the lino
of the United States, born of New England par-
ents, educated in Wilbrahain Academy, Massa-
chusetts, under Wilbur Fisk, the most re-
nowned educator of early Methodist history,
was the man for the hour that had thus struck.
The reasons for this conclusion were decisive.
Mr. Lee was of unusual physical dignity and
prowess. He was six feet three inches in height,
and of most stalwart and manly mold. Erect,
with open and manly and frank countenance, a
clear blue eye, light complexion and hair, he
was the impersonation of Saxon vigor and will.
Upon him the seal that gave the world assur-
ance of a man was set. Without, his own heart
was moved in the direction of the work to which
the church, through her constituted authorities,
was thus calling him. When, therefore his
former tutor at Wilbraham, Dr. Fisk, put the
question before him in behalf of the church,
and also in behalf of the waiting Indian tribes
west of the Rocky mountains, " immediately he
conferred not with flesh and blood " but stepped
resolutely through the open door thus unex-
pectedly opened before him, and gave himself to
history as the pioneer of civilization and Christ-

/nsroiiy of oiiKnoy.

iiiiiitv wost of till- Uocky iiiuuiituiiii*. Otlioru,
kinili'cil \\\ |)nri>uso, and of siinilni' lieroii' i|iiitl-
ity, wcro soon iissociiitcd witli liiiii. Tlicsi' were
Ills own iiepln^w, Ri'v. Daniel l.i'i'. iiml Mr.
■Cyrus Slio|)ard, of MiiaBiicliiisetts. who wim'imiUo,
mult'r tlie appointment of tlic Mctliodist Epis-
co]>!il Clnircii, (Itsi^fnated to share the lionor as
well as the ]ii'rii of a niissionary expatriation
anionj^ the wt'st(!rn tribes.

It does not enter into tiie ])ni'pose of this
liistory to give a detailed aceonnt of the per-
Honiiel and work of the varions missionary <'oni-
panies that pioneered the work of American
civilization in Oroijon, further than is necessary
to show tlio relations tliey sustained to the his-
tory of tlie country into whicli they entered.
It would helonir rather to ecclesiastical than tien-
era] history to dfi that. Still that personnel
was so great ami heroic, and that work so fun-
damental, tiiat neither can he disniissi'd witii a
paragrapl). Ilonco wo take up tiie liistory of
these missionary companies in the chronoloj^ical
order of their occu|)ancy of this field; preniis-
intf tlie remark that the essence of the im-
portance of their work in every respect that
l)()re upon the settlement of questions of na-
tional and international rights was in the time,
as well as in the fact, of their cominir. With
this explanatory remark, and within this limita-
tion, we rcsiimo the story of tiie missionary
work of the Methodist Episcopal Church under
the direction of Jason Lee

Mr. Lee received his appointment as "missio-
nary to the Flathead Indians" in 1833, from
the New England Conference of the Methodist
Episcopal Church. Leaving his homo in Canada
on tlie nineteenth day of August of that year,
he spent the following autumn and winter in
traveling through the cities and villages of the
North from Portland, Maine, to Baltimore,
stirring up the hearts of the chnrcli everywhere
hy his fervent appeals for the Indians of Oregon,
and inspiring the confidence of the people liy
his evident sincerity as well as his commanding
aliility. I'nder the iiiHuence of his speeches
Oregon liogaii to rise out of a mytiiiciil into an

actual exietence in llie thoughts of the people.
To Americans even, up to this time, it was as
unknown as Ilindoostan, -a name standing only
for unexplored regions hetween the summits of
the Ilocky mountains and the western ocean, of
unsiirveyod limits and unknown conditions. Al-
though it had served, in Congress and in Parlia-
ment, as H text for vaporing political discourse,
yet so little did Briton or American know of it
that one sought it only as a preserve for the fur
hunter, and the other believed it to be but a
barren and inhospitable waste fit only to appear
on his maps as the "(4reat Americ^an desert."
The appointment of Jason Leo to evangelistic
work within it, and the evident intention of tho
great church whose commission labored to sus-
tain him in the field to which she had assigned
him, meant the lifting of a veil that for tiio ages
had hidden that vast region from human sight.
In the spring of 1834 the company of mis-
sionaries for Oregon, headed by Jason Lee,
joined the company of Mr. Nathaniel Wycth,
of whose trading adventures west of the Rocky
mountains we liave elsewhere written, at Indo-
pendence, Missouri, prepared to accompany
them on their journey over the mountains. His
associates were his neph'jw, Rev. Daniel Lee;
Mr. Cyrus Shepard, an experienced andeminont
teacher of Salem, ^[assachusetts; and at Indepen-
dence ho secured the services of Mr. P. L. Ed-
wards, a young man of tine abilities and excellent
character, afterward a prominent lawyer of Sacra-
mento, (California, all men well adapted to sustain
their chief in his arduous undertaking. Notwith-
standing there was so much of the liistory
of Oregon wrapped under the coats of these
four men, it would occupy too much of the space
that is needed for other events to record the in-
cidents of their journey' of two thousand miles
on horseback to their field of selected toil.
Suffice it here to say that, through all the inci-
dents and perils of the journey among such
Indian tribes as the Pawnees, the Sioux, the
Shoshones, the Blackfeet, the Bannacks, the
Nez Perces and the (3ayii.se.s, wild freebooters of
tho plains, they bore tiieuiselves like brave men,

» *

nrbi'duy of oitKaoN.

ready to ilo all tlicir part in every uiiierffeiicy of
travel or ilanger. Mr. Lett, in a very s|ieciiil
tiiaiiiicr, won tlio confidenc-o and reH|itic'.t of such
inuiintain leaders as Siililutte, Wyotli, Fit/.-
I'atrick, Walker and others. I'rof. Townsliend,
a naturalist who aecouipunicd the party tor
Bcientitie purposes, speaks of liini in his journal
in most flattering terms.

Mr. Leo and his company reaehed Vancouver,
the headquarters of the Hudson's Hay Company,
and the residence of Dr. McLaughlin, its gover-
nor, on the 15tli day of Se|)tember, ISBi. He
was received with great respect by Dr. Mc-
Laughlin. The moral and political casuist will
readily sco that in the meeting of these two men
on that day, there stood face to face causes and
destinies of wonderful import to Oregon, and
even to civilization itself the world over. They
were both typical and represer)tative men. They
were both ('anadian born. One was a Scotcli-
Knglishman with all the stalwart grip and force
of that splendid blood. The other was of pure
New England parentage. They were both over
six feet in height and looked level into each
others eyes. Seldom indeed have two such
representatives of ojiposing forces and antago-
nistic purposes stood face to face with each
other, and met so calmly, and so entered at once
into each other's personal friendships, as in the
case of these two men. One is tempted to stand
long and gaze upon this strange moral and in-
tellectual tableau thrown against the foreground
of an opening and against the background of a
departing era; for when their two hands
clasped it was the old greeting, perhaps un-
consciously, the better new, and the new, per-
haps as unconsciously, bidding the old depart.

Dr. McLaughlin, as the representative of the
Hudson's liay Company, and hence of the poivti-
and purpose of Great Britain in Oregon, could
not meet Mr. Lee as he could and did meet Mr.
Nathaniel Wyeth. The cases and the causes
were entirely dissimilar. Mr. Wyeth came with
merchandise as a trader, came to set up a rival
establishment within hearing of the morning
gun of Fort Vancouver. Mr. Lee came as a

missionary of help and moral uplift to the de-
gradcil trilies that swarmed in tiie valU^yt* and
roamed over the hills. Mr. Wyeth had arms
in his hands; .Mr. L(!e had ideas aixl moral pur
iioses in his mind and heart. The lirst could
bo met with stronger and older conimcrcial
|)ower or with more numerous arms if necessary ;
the other could be met only with ideas and moral
purposes better than his own. Therefore, the
first was hemmed in, circumscribed, thwarted,
linally defeated, and within a year coinp(dl('(l to
leave the country a broken and ruined man.
Hut Mr. Lee and his ideas had come to stay,
One cannot shoot an idea to death. He cannot
kill amoral impulse with gun])owdcr. Hesides,
those who knew Dr. McLaughlin in his lifetime
knew very well that his moral nature was far
superior to the purposes and wo.'k of the soul-
less corporation of which he, by a providence
very gracious to the v^ork, Mr. Lee came to
Oregon to perforin, was there the executive
head. In the case of Mr. Lee, therefore, his
heart became^ the guide of his actions, and hence
he not only did not attempt to hinder, Imt
really extended efKoient help in the establish-
ment of his mission and the opening of his work
in Oregon. Still justice requires us to say that
it is not probable that Dr. McLaughlin was
enough skilled in moral casuistry, or well
enough acquainted with the history of the re-
sults of missionary enterprises in other parts of
the world, to fully comprehend the meaning of
the future history of this coast that was wrapped
up rt'ithin the white folds of Mr. Lee's commis-
sion. So he helped where otherwise he niight
have hindered; he counseled whore he other-
wise might have opposed and defeated.

It was under the advice of Dr. McLaughlin
that Mr. Lee finally decided to establish his
missionary station in the heart of the Willam-
ette valley. Two motives seemed to prompt
that advice. First, the putting of the American
establishment south of the Columbia river, which
the Hudson's Hay people expecteil would be-
come the boundary between Great Iiritain an<l
the Tnited States on this coast, and secondly

lllsTdltV OF oliKllitS.

liiiviiijr it niM\r eiiriuirli to Vniicinivir to hp under
its wiitdiliil t've. Mr. l-ce, Imviii;,' I'iU'i'fiiliy i;\-
Hiiiineil every point tliiit voiikl Hii^^jTect itHollnH
H Hwitiilile one tor Inn work, tiniilly on Monday,
tlie nixtli (lay of Octtilier. ISIi-t. willi Daniel
Lee and V. L. KdwardH. pitclieil Ills tent on the
banks of tlic Willamette I'iver. aliout ten miles
Ijelow the present city of Salem, where he had
deterniined to e.ttrthlish his mission. On Sun-
day, the lOtli of October, he delivered the first
formal sermon ever ])rua('hed in the Willamette
valley, at the n.'sidence of Mr. Joseph (iervais,
near where the town of (ti-rvaie now stands.

Ilia nn|ml)lished journal says; "From these
words, 'Turn ye from your evil ways,' to a mixed
assembly, few of whom understood what I said,
but (iod is able to speak to their hearts.''

From this time forward, ever increasing, be-
coming more atid more a moldinj; foree in the
intellectual and moral life of the country, his
work went forward. It is not the province of
this history to follow it in detail, oidy far
enough to show how potentially this and suc-
cee<iing missionary establishments beeante the
nucleus around which accreted whatever there
was of American thonirlit and purpose and life
in Oregon for nearly ten years following this
date. For this reason the men, and the work
they performed, as makers and moldors of
history, are of first importance in estimating
the conditions out of which history is made.

Though Christians. Mr. Lee and the three
men who wrought with him were plain, practi-
cal, solid men. All the pictures of the writers
who paint them as pietistic recluses, or even
religious zealots, expecting to save the heathen
and renew a j)eople by exhortations and prayers
and moral incantations, are sheer rhetorical cari-
catures, to say the least of them, instead of real
descri])tions, and pIiow either the ignorance or
perversity of those wdio painted them. These
men knew well that their work, to be ultimately
productive of the results for which they were
here, must lay its fouiulations in the very ele-
ments of intellectual and physical culture. They
had placed but half a shelter over their lone

heads before they proceeib'd t<i the establisii-
ment of an hnlian manual-hibor school, into
which Indians l)oth youth and adults, were
gathered, and where they were taught husbandry
ami mechanics, as wcOl as the song anil prayer.
As showing the result of this teaching in these
earlier years of their work, the testimony of
Captain W. A. Slocuin, of the United Stati-s
Navy, conunanding the brig Loriot, who visited
Mr. Lee's mission about two years after its e>-
tablishment, may properly be quoted. He says:
" I have seen children who two years ago were
roaming over their own native wihis, in a state
of savage barbarism, now being i)ri(Ught within
the knowledge of moral and religious instruc-
tion, becoming useful members of society, by
being taught the most useful of all arts agri
culture — and all this without the least compul-
sion." So favorably did the work of this mis-
sion impress him that he made to it the con-
siderable donation of l|50, as a testimony of his
appreciation.

After two years of successful work by these
four men in the missionary field, so promising
did the future appear that six others, three men
and three women, were added to their number
by the missiomiry authorities of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, arriving in Oregon in Nfay,
1S37, and these were succeeded in September of
the same year by four others, two men and two
Women. One of the last named gentlemen,
Itev. David Leslie, was attended by his wife
and several children — a thorough New England
family, having some of the best blood of old
Massachusetts Howing in their veins; the first
real family transplanted from the New England
of the Atlantic coast to the better New England
of the Pacific coast; the real beginning of
American home life in the valley of the Willa-
mette. Does not this mean something for
American civilization in Oregon.

It should be noted that up to this time the
Indian tribes were maintaining their old nu-
merical strength. They were amply impressed
with the superiority of that form of civilized
life that they saw in the missionary homes of

tfi

UlsroUY i>F UKKUUy.

»a

OiTgoii, Tlicy could not Imt si'i- tlio ililTeroricc
Ixttwuen tlictii and tlie tn)|>|)ur8 nnd triiil-inun of
tlio fur coinpitnicM. Tlitty wuro citlliiig for inis-
bioniii'y cstablisliincnts el sow lie re. Hunt u\' the
Citfciidc niuniitiiinK, lit (Jlutsop, in the Unip(|un,
Hrnoiif^ tlu! (Jiiynso!! and Nez Perces. An enmr-
ffcnc'v of civiliziition and cliristinnity wiin upon
the land. Jason Lee, the Corypheiin o' this
hand of Christian civiiizerR, returned to the
Kast, by the trail by which he came out, to se-
cure help adequate to the great emergency.
His appeals from BoKton to Charleston, from
St. F^ouis to New York, on the rostrum and
through the press, in the winter of 1838 and the
summer of 18!}9, awakened profound and wide-
spread interest, not only in his special work liut
in Oregon itself. lie asked for four or live
missionary helpers. The j^reat church to which
ho n])pealed, judged that the demands were
greater. Kivo clerical missionaries, one physi-
cian, 8i.v mechanics, four farmers, one steward
or business-manager, four female teachers;
thirty-six adults in all, together with seventeen
children, constituted the reinforcement of the
church, in-whose employ Mr. Lee was laboring,
judged not too large to meet the emergency of
the hour. It was a missionary company, but it
was not that only. It was an American colony ;
an educated, refined, patriotic colony of Ameri-
can citizens. When in the early summer of
1840, these fifty-three people united in the
Willamette valley, with the sixteen who had
preceded them, there was a truly American
colony, west of the Cascade mountains, of nearly
four-score souls, — n neuclus of civilization
around which the elements of a great history
might gather and enlarge and crystallize until a
great and prosperous State should l>e the result.
" Man projioses; God disposes." ' So it was
here. A single year while Mr. Lee was absent
from the country, had touched the Indian tribes
as with a pestilence. They were wasting out of
being. The beautiful Willamette was to be dedi-
cated to something greater and grander than even
Indian missionary establishments. A stronger
race, with a purpose ajid apower that could carry

the country to the highest fornis of civilizeil so.
ciety and life was to have and to hold it. Their
vanguard of chosen men and women, chdscn for
their pcrsmud power ami purpose, was here to
fix and drive the initial stake from which should
bo traced tho foundation measurements of the
history of a thousand years. Nor was this alto-
gether an unexpected condition. This great en-
ter|)rise had tho countenance of the national
authorities with some reference to it.'* political
as well as its moral and religious significance. Of
course it was known that, so >ner or later, the
Indian trilK>s here, as everywhere (dse, would
disappear. The men in authority at Washing-
ton did not knowthis better than did tho mon
who constituted this missionary company. In
deed they did not know it as well. Itut it
came sooner than was anticipated, though not
too soon for the safety of American interests;
as the pressure of events in AVashington and in
Loudon were hurrying the two nations toward
a final issue of their struggles for Oregon, with
the coming of this f,'ite--sad, it would seem, to
the Indian tribes — there was a necessary failure
comparatively, of these Indian missions. Itnt
that failure was one of the conditions of the in-
coming of that after civilzation the germ of which
was in that c(dony of American men and women
that had thus strangely Iwen set d'lwn here
Justin time to give it most potent relation to
what was to be. Still, for three ye.>rs, the
work of this company of people was, as I'.ir as
those immediately about them were concerned,
endeavoring to do good to the decaying rem-
nants of the Indian tribes. iJosides the mis-
sionaries and those immediately connected with
them, the Indians, few and feeble as they were,
were all upon whom they could bcotow labor or
sympathy. As to themselves they were wait,
ing, becoming acquainted with the geography
and resources of the country. They were young
people. Hardly a person forty years of age among
them. They could afford to wait and be ready
for what was ready for them.

Our readers will see when they reach and
study tlie history of " Immigration " as treated

HIHToltr oh' (HtKUON

licri-aflor in tliiH hook, tliiit tint luitiiiitti of 1K43
ilitti'h H clmii;;!! ill tlin |i()|i<liiitiori of tlic colllltry
of siK'li II ciirtnu'tiT (IS lu'ci'.xsarilv to rlose, in
iiiri,'!' iiiciisiir.', tlie lth of IimIImii inissioiiH in
Ornijon. It ii< \,r\w tiiern were lociil iiit(?rlii|)-
[liii^s anii ovci'la|i{>iii<rM, lint aftci' tlial ilat(> tin*
M'iiitc mid tiu^ Aiiit^rican iirolonilnatt'H in tiiu
country over the Ked and tiic lIii(i»*on'n Imy.
lli'iict! \vf do not triK'c tlic iiistorv of this first
i'stal>lisin!d and stron^cKl iniswion liirtlier than
timt |H5i'i(Ml; lint eoni*i<lor itn personnel as after-
ward aliforliod into tin; lari;or life of n coininon-
wi'iiltii of wliicli itsi'lf had lii>un a inoHt potiMit
creator. As we eoiiclnde our diftinetive refer-
ence to tliis individiiiil inifsion, tlie tairne!>s of
iiistory reipiires ns \u ^\\v. tlie iiiiniea of the j^en-
tlenicn then constituting it, or had been prom-
inently coniua'tcd with it. 'I'hey were Jason Lee,
Daniel I,ee, ("vrns Slie|)ard. who ha<l died, I'.
L. Edwards, who had retnrned to the States,
David Leslie, IL K. \V. I'erkina, Hlijali White,
who had also returned to the Stale.^, A. Heers,
W. II. Wilson, Alvin F. Waller, Gnstavns
llines, (ieor^^e Aheriiethy, Hamilton Campbell.
The same incidents that at the heoimiinffawak-
ened sneli an intense interest in the Mi^thodist
P'.piseopal Clinndi in America for the Indians of
the liocky mountains and beyond thrillc<l with
the same intensity tiie </ther chnrcheH of the land.
They began to project missionary work in that
region at the same time. The American Hoard-
of ('oniinissioners tor Foreign Missions, then
represcntinj; tile Presbyterian, Congregational
and Dnt'.'h Hefonncd chnrches, was not back-
ward in its purposes. Karly in 1834 initial
steps were taken. A commission to explore tiie
country preparatory to the establishment of a
mission was appointed, consisting of Rev.
Samuel I'arker, Rev. J. Dunbar, and Air. S.
Ellis. They left Ithaca, New York, in May,
but reached St. Louis too late to join the cara-
vans of fur traders for the Rocky mountains,
and were obliged to defer the contemplated ex-
ploration until another year. Mr. Parker re-
turned to New York, and Messrs. Dunbar and
Ellis eDgaged in missionary labors among the

PawntHtK. Ill the tpriflK of 1A8B Mr. Parker
WH8 joined by Dr. MarciiH Whitman, and they

rimcheil St. Louis in April. In i-oinpany with
the annual caravan ol the Ameiican Fur (/i>m-
pany they proceeded westward as far as (Ireen
river, about fifty miles west of ihe summit of
the Riicky mountains, the rendovous of that
company. Here they met a large number of
the Inilians of the ('nlumbia, and the infoniia
tion they rcfeiv;;ti rr;.'iii them, together with that
froiii trappers, tradoi.' and travelers whom tlu^y
met her", vvas such is decided them to estaiilish
a inissieii on or near the middle Columbia. In
furtherance of that decisio.i Dr. Wliitirian re-
turned to the East, and Mr i'arker eoiitinueil
his journey to the ColnmbiH.. lie visited Walla
Walla, Vanc(>uver, the mission of Mr. Xmm in
the Willamette, and after completing his
observations retnrned to New York by (he way
of the Sandwich islande and cape Horn in
1837.

Two Ncz Perces Indians accompanied Dr.
Whitman on liis retutn to New York, where
their ap|>earance as H()epiinenH of the tribe
among which it was proposed to establish a iiiis-
sion exeite<l the greatest curiosity and interest.

In the spring of 1830 Dr. Whitman and his
wife, to whom he was but recently married, with
Rev. H. H. Spaniding and his young wife, and
Mr. W. H. (Jray as secular agent of the mis-
sion proceeded to the frontier of Missouri, and
uniting them.-elves to the Aineric^an Fur (Com-
pany's convoy procee<led across the continent to
the place fixed upon for their missionary work
among the Cayuses at Wailetpu and among the
Nez Perces at Lapwai.

This journey is justly celebrated in history
as the first ever made by white women across
the Rocky mountains. That alone was snfHcient
to make the names of Mrs. Whitman and Mrs.
Spaniding historic. It writes them on the pnge
of history as heroines. They were the first
white women whose blue eyes over looked into
the black orbs of the aboriginal daughters of the
Columbia. That makes their arrival date an
epoch in Oregon history. While they were

ilisToiir OF itHtyios.

iin

c(iiMiii;r liy liiiid, nthem w«r« on the way by aea,
l)iit tlmMc woru tirBt by a few inonthH, hixI no
t'liir liiiml liiiH cviT lii'c!) riiiscil, or vwy will \<v
riii^t'cl, til pliii'k tli<> (Town iif tills jfrciit ilistiiic-
ti(Mi from flit<ii- briiws. 'I'lujy w«irt; |K!rr<ciimlly
wordiy i>r it, mill we im- j;IhcI to Ktiuly tlu in in
tlioir iiniquu iintl niii^iiitict'nt ieolHtion in liistorif.
story. Fnll mm whb thin journey with thrilling
incident, wo pan do no more tlmn, witli tlieite
vew BenteiicuH, uuiidiict tlieHC tnindionArie." to
til <ir pJHcu where, two years alter .lason Lue
h«d e!<tiilili:4hi-d the M<>tlindint nisnion in flie
Willrtmette, they liegim thnu in interior Oiegori.

The game general course of incident mnrke«l
the work (d' t bene mi>-riion8 lis did timt alreHdy
diserilie<l in the Williimetto valley. There wan,
liowever, a difference in one ini|x)rtaiit respeet.
The [ndians of the interior were very HUj)erior
phyBically and intellectually to thune nearer the
coast. Hence, while the tri!>eH of tiie Willam-
ette wert' smitten with decay thene were yet
vigorous and comparatively nunieroUH. Seven
years, therefore, after the Indian mission work
was almoHt or entirely abandoned in tlie Willam-
ette, that in thin region wan CTijoyin)^ its
greatest prosperity. But it was only to meet
the same fate at last, excejit as the Indians
themselves have proved capable of so far re-
sisting the enfeebling and destructive contact
with a miscellaneous white popiilatinn, and have
maintained an existence as a people even until
this day; while those of the Willamette as tril)e8
and nations, have long since disappeared.

From time to time these missions of the
American Board of Church and Foreign Mis-
sions were re-enforced by the addifon of a class
of men and women worthy to be what tiieir
position made them, founders of a civilization.
Some of the gentlemen com|)o8ing the mission
became most important and honored instru-
ments in the settlement of great questions of
State, and iu the final establishment of the in-
stitutions of civil society here. Notably this
was true of Dr. Whitman, the record of whose
heroic efforts to benefit Oregon, as well as of his
tragic death as a martyr to his steadfast purpose

of life, is given elsewhere, and need not In; re.
|H>at<!<l here. Like tiinsi* wliose work in the
Willnmetfe we have partially recoided, tliiMe
wen* among the best of men. We make no at
tempt to enshrine them, nor even to exalt them
ab. ..■ ifiier men who came after them. Tbev
h.'id \ (: • .nesses and defects, but they are tint
weai.ni'wes of strong natures, tlie defects com-
' >n to iiumanitV' Without a ijnt'stion any
iipartial history of the tim(*s from i8;iti to
1847, V'ill write tiic names of Whitman, Spaiild-
inr Kl'l , Walker, Oray, anil their companions
and poliiborers aiiion^ the few dozens ot' names
that were foremost in layini'deep and broad the
foiindatiini of the great commonwealth that is
now what it Is, be iwti the men whose lives
and work proje<',ted it, were what thoy were.

The history of the insiitiition and work of
the missions of the Koinan ('atliolic Church in
Oregon is more difficult to trace than is that of
the Methoili.>t Kpiscopal Chundi, or of the
American Board. The reasons are obvious to
those who have made the methods of that
church at all a study. Their work is more dis-
tinctly a church work than is that of any other
Ujdy of Christian people. It consists more ex-
clusively of catechetical instruction, and the ob-
servance of certain forms of ritual observances,
than any other. There is less publicity to it.
They do not organize cominunities with a public
life outside of the ecclesiastical and church life
they inculcate. Their missionaries come and
go unheralded and unannounced. Without a
family life themselves, they appear for a day or
a year, then move forward and another takes the
vacated place. What has been done or has not
been done is not proclaimed, t^ilent, self-
contained, with the air and aspect of men who
are moved, instead of moving with a self-
porpose, except it be a purpose to obey what is
commanded, they do their work with a patience,
a devotion, a self-forgetfulness that is worthy
of all praise as a method of ecclesiatical prosely t-
ism. These methods and pecularities are not
mentioned as derogatory to them, liiit only to
account for the ditliculty a writer experiences

II I STORY III- OltKCON.

i i;:i

ill t'ollowin<; tlic lilies of their liistory. And it'
tlicso pcciiliiritics rt'iiiier it dillicuit to do this
in ('>tal)li>lL('il coiidif ioiiiJ ol' society, tlicy rt'iider
it iiiiicli more dillicuit when the lielil is siieh as
Oref^oii was when tlicy tMitered into it.

The Koiiian ('atholics were the third to enter
the missionary field in Oregon. Their first
|)iie>t.-, Kev. Francis N. I!laneiiet and Kev.
Modest Demiise. ciiiiie overland from ^rontreal
wilh the re^'tihir ilndsoirs liay E.\|iresSi reacli-
inij Vancouver on the 2-l:tli of November, 1838.
They came at the instance of the Hudson's Buy
C(Mn|)any. Tlii-y were I'ritish sni)jett8, althoii<;!i
I'Veiieh themselves, and the servants of the
lIu<lson's r.ay CNMi'piiny were mostly French
Canadians, anil lioiiian Catholic in their re-
ligious helief and sympathies. Many of these,
at first, received the I'rotestaiit missionaries
irladly, am! attended upon their ministry, hut
the very presence of these sugfrested and
awakened a desire in their hearts for teachers
of their own faith. This was hut natural. The
influence of these French Canadian subjects of
(ireat I'ritain over the Indians was very fi;reat,
and it was soon felt ajfuinst the I'rotestnnt
missions. As we have sliown in our chapter on
"The Hudson's Hay Company and the Protest-
ant Missioiif, " the leadinif men of that com-
pany did all they could to encourage their
coming and facilitate their work when here,
because they were British subj(>cts, and because
they were Roman Catholics, and therefore most
against the only .Vmerican influence then in the
country— the I'rotestaiit missions. This they
had a right to do, and our duty is only to
record it.

JSut the coming of the Iloinan Catholic priests
introduced an element of discord and trouble
into th(! country that bore very bitter fruit in
after years, and this seems the only proper place
to fairly consider it. This we shall try to do
both judiciou-ly and judicially, "with malice
toward none, with charity for all."

It is necessary to ol)serve that there had been
no controversies between, nor because of, the
missions of the A. 15. C. i''. M. and those of the

Methodist Episcopal Church. There were two
reasons for this. First, the religious ends before
both were the same; they were not aiming to
make sectaries vf the Indians, but to make
(Jhristians of them. Second, they were all
Americans, aiul therefore there was no divisitm
of ]>ulitical or national grounds. The priests of
the Roman Church differed at both these points,
ami that difference was at the basis of all the
bitter controversies of that period of Oregon
history, and of those that have been continued
from it down to the jiresent by some writers on
both sides, a controversy into which we shall
not enter further than to state it historically.

It is exceeding diflicult to discuss religious
differences so that the discussion itself does not
become a special plea on the side of the writer
himself. It is ecpially difH'iiilt to make such
discussion reasonably intelligent to the un-
churched reader. But we will try to do both.

Of course the original basis of tlio contro
versy wis tiieological-churchly, — Romanism vs.
Protestantism, — wliicli is true and which is
false. This we do not debate, but it was the
core of the trouble. Out of the convictions of
either party and both parties on this snliject
came their intense zeal and bitterness against
each other.

The Protestant missions ami missionaries
took too much counsel of tl.'eir prejiulices and
desires. They did not snHicieiitly consider that
the Romish priests had the same rights in
the country, either religiously or politically, as
they had. Their being first gave them no pre-
emptive right to control the religion of the peo-
ple. To a very great degree they forgot or
ignored this very obvious and fundameiital
principle of human freedom: consequently they
met the priests with protests against their
presence, and probably a somewhat acrimonious
denunciation of their teachings and themselves.
It is very clear to any candid reader of the his-
torical literature of this jieriod that such was
especially the spirit of the missionaries of the
American Hoard, as it wa.s, to a less extent, of
those of the Methodist Hoard. Instances might

>•

r
>

<
>
H

O
X

^,
O
O

\.i

I I

nisToKT OF onuaoN.

!)T

be friven and langiiuge quoted to evidence tliit:,
but its concesBion by a Protestant writer is
sutHcient.

On tlie other band, tlie priests tnade i t a special
pnrpose to break down and destroy the Protest-
ant missions. Instead of opening new fields to
any considerable extent, they established their
missions almost by the very doors of the Protest-
ant missions. They declared it to be their pnr-
pose to antagonize and destroy them. This was
in entire consistency with their beliefs as church-
men, and we do not write of it as a crime, but
simply as a fact, leaving the reader to his own
conclusions. Rev. F. N. IJlancbet, afterward
archbiehop of Oregon City, with whom the
writer had a personal acquaintance, wrote his-
torically, at a later day, of the work of their
priests at that time, thus:

"They were to warn their flocks against the
danger of seduction, to destroy the false im-
pression already received, to enlighten and con-
firm the faith of the wavering and deceived
consciences, * * * a^^j jt y^(,g

enough for them to hear that some fabe prophet
[meaning Protestant missionary] had penetrated
into a place, or intended visiting some locality,
to induce the missionaries to go there immedi-
ately, to defend the. faith and keep error from
propagating itself."

In another place, and in reference to the par-
ticular mission of the Methodist Church at
Ncsqually, north of the Columbia river, the
same eminent ecclesiastic wrote:

"The first mission to Nesqually was made by
Father Demns, who celebrated the first mass in
the fort of the Hudson's Hay Company, on April
22 (183'J), tiie day after he arrived. His visit
at such a time was forced \ipon him by the
establishment of a Methodist mission for the
Indians. » » * After having given orders
to biiild a chapel, and said mass outside the
fort, he parted with them, blessing the Lord for
the success of his mission among the whites
and Indians, and reached Cowlitz on Monday,
the 30th, with the conviction "that his mission

at Nesqually luid left a very feeble chance for a
Methodist mission there."

This statement of this most influential and
controlling man, in regard to the modes and
purposes of the work of the Iloman Catholic
missions, certainly justifies the statement wo
have made in regard to them, historically.

y\mong the Indians the Catholic missionaries
were more successful than the Protestant, in the
sense of gaining more adherents. Their meth-
ods and principles made this inevitable. AVith
them Christians were constituted by sacraments;
with the Protestants, by life. With them bap-
tism opened the door of the kingdom of hea-
ven; with the Protestants, a renewed nature.
The difference was radical, and with uninstruct-
ed and unreasoning Indians, altogether in favor
of Romanists. The symbols and ceremonies of
that church were far more alluring to the In-
dian, easily approivchable through his sensuous
organs, but harder to reach through reason and
conscience, than were thp high idealism and
lofty spirituality of Protestant teaching. Mr.
Hlanchet was right when lie said: "The siglitof
the altar vestments, sacred vessels and great cere-
monies were drawing their attention a great
deal more than the cold, unavailable, long lay
services of Rrother Waller;" and this fully ac-
counts for the greater influence of the priests
over the Indian mind. There was, however,
another reason that should be noted, namely,
the influence of the Hudson's Bay Company
over the Indians, which was very great and
always favorable to the Romanists, wiiile the
Protestants were in close affiliation with the
Americans, indeed, at tliis time constituted the
American element of the country. It can
hardly bo necessary to draw this. parallel and
contrast further.

From the time of the arrival of Messrs.
Biatichet and Demus, in 1838, priests continued
to arrive and scatter over the country. In
1847, nine years after the first arrival, the Ro-
man Catholic Church had so increased that Ore-
gon City was constituted an Episcopal k^ee,
with Rev. F. N. Illnnohet as its bishop. The

I)S

IIISTOliV OF (tREOON.

total iimiil.ei' of cliTfiyinoii employed wag I dilferent parts of tlie uoimtry. It can liardly

twftity-six, witli live cliurclu's in t!ie Willain- l)e needful to follow the liistory of these inis-

ette valley, three north of the Coliinihia river, \ sions, as separate departments of the life of the

with quite a number of Indian missions in I common Oregon, farther.

-^^M^^'^- -

CHAPTER XI.
THE UUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. , -^

How CoNSTlTlTKD— SlK A I.KX ANDER MaCKKNZIE ATTITUDE TOWAKP TIIK CoU^TRY — ExTKNT OF

ITS Ol'KKATIONS- -TnK NoUTII WKSTKUN CoMl'ANY — UnION OF THK ('oMPANIES — STAKEft

I'l.AYEi) FoK — Mk. .John MoLalghlin— GuowTn of he Comi-any — Captain Bonneville
AND THE Hudson's Bay Comfanv — Caitain Wyktii and the Hcdson's Bay Company- —
Ekkctton of Foist Hall — Ukaoiies Va.vcouver — Fort William Biilt — Sale to IIid-
son's Bay Co.mpany — All Kivalky Crushed — Rulino Policy of the Company — State-
ment OF A Chaplain — The Hudson's Bay Company Socially.

nilK Hudson's Bay (Company was consti-
tntetl by royal charter, given by Charles
II on the 16th day of May, 1670. It
gave tlie " government and company and their
Buccessors the exclusive right to trade, fish and
hunt in the waters, bays, rivers, lakes and creeks
entering into Hudson's straits, together with all
the lands and territories not already occupied or
granted to any of the king's subjects or
possessed by the subjects of any other
Ciiristiaii prince or state." The company
bad eighteen original incorporators, at the hend
of whom was Prince Rupert; hence tlie name
Rupert's land was once given to that region.
The first object of the company, as named in its
charter, was '• the discovery of a new passage
into the South sen," as the Pacific ocean was
then generally called.

Some curious and interesting facts touching
the pretended ownership of the region in which
these •' exclusive rights" were thus presumptu-
ously ceded, appear both before and after this
time. In 1632,Cliarles I of England had resigned
to Louis XIII of France the sovereignty of the

country, and the French king gave a charter to
a French company who occupied it, and it was
called Acadia, or New France. Notwithstand-
ing Great Britain, by this act of Charles I, had
thus given up its right to the somewhat mythi-
cal region iiuiiciited, the second Charles reas-
serted that right in the giving of t is charter
to the Hudson's 'Bay Company. Still, in the
terms of the treaty of Ryswick, in 1(597, twenty-
seven years after the Hudson's Bay Company
received its charter, tlie whole country was con-
firmed to France by Great Britain, and no reser-
vation of British rights, or of the rights of the
Hudson's Bay Company, was made. This, at
the present time, since all questions of riglits,
real or pretended, have l)een definitely settled,
is of interest only as showing upon what fJimsy
pretexts the sovereigns of western Europe as-
serted ownership of vast regions of country on
the American continent, and how they used
these " rights " as the small change that settled
balances in their accounts with each otiier, not
more than 200 years ago.

For 100 years little comparatively of interest

BISTOUY OF OHKOOy.

attached to the company, and few i-esnlts of
public iiiiportance are recorded. Something
\v;i:i done in the line of ge()^rH])hiciil discovei'les
in the northwestern parts of America, and the
loaders of the company were growing hopeless
of the discovery of an inland cimniiel from the
Atlantic to the Pacific. About 1778, Frobislier
established a trading post on lake Athabasca,
about 1,200 miles from lake Superior. Ten
years later it was abandoned and Fort Chippe-
wyan was built on the southwest shore of the
same water. From tliis post Sir Alexander
Mackenzie made an expedition down the river
that bears his name, to the Arctic, and returned
in 102 days. In the autumn of 1791, he started
to e.vplore a route to the South sea, — the Pacific
ocean. He ascended Peace river to its head in
the Rocky mountains, and in that dreary solitude
made his winter quarters with his ten men.
They were snowbound until May, when they
resumed their jourriey, and in June came to the
divide, and saw for the first time the waters
tliat flowed toward the Pacific, — a sight that no
white man had ever tefore beheld. In July,
they came in sight of the sea and were soon
upon its shores. There, on a bold rock, facing
Asia, this great explorer painted in vermilion
these words: " Alexander Mackenzie, from
Canada by land, the twenty-second of July, one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-three."
This was the first expedition of white men
across the coniinent to the Pacific ocean. It
was a great feat, and had in it the presage of
great events, to which our history will soon
come. So valuable were his discoveries con-
sidered to Great Britain, that he was rewarded
for thorn by the honor of knighthood in 1801.

Mackenzie was a man of far more than or-
dinary ability. He had a statesmanlike grasp
of mind, unconquerable determination, clear
and penetrating foresight, and by his personal
explanations and recommendations laid a foun-
dation for much of the subsequent claims of
Great Britain to the regions west of the Rocky
mountains, and to more of the future progress
and prosperity of the Hudson's Bay Conipa?iy on

that field. The point ho reached on the Pacific
coast was within the present limit.-* of IJiitish
Columbia (latitude 53' 21'), and clearly
within the limits of the claim made by the
United States, which afterward became the
slogan i)f a great national party in one of
the most exciting presidential contests in our
history, when "The whole of Oregon or none."
" Fifty-Four, Forty or Fight." streamed on
banners and vere shouted by the people all over
the land. He was the first and ablest represent-
atives of Great Britain in her quest for other
empire on the American contiiietit as a compen-
sation for that which had been snatched fr <\n
her grasp by the American Revolution, that had
closi'd but ton years before.

The attitude of the Hudson's Bay Coin|)any
toward the vast region over which its charter
assumed to give authority was actually that of
sovereignty. They legislated for it, governed
it, made war and peace within it, and all other
people were I'orbidden to " visit, haunt, frequent,
trade, traffic, or adventure " within it! There
was, of course, a confession of allegiance to the
crown of Great Britain, in fact that their char-
ter was from it, but the power of the company
was practically absolute. For all these rights and
prerogatives the company was to pay an an-
nual revenue of "two elks and two black beavers,"
to be collected on the grounds of the company.

With such uidimited prerogatives, in such a
vast and productive field of trade, the company
conld not but rapidly increase in wealth and
power. With these came a gras])ing avarice
and a bold and inexoral)le spirit. The company
stretched out its arms like a huge commercial
octopus, and drew into itself all opposing and
rival interests from the Yukon to the Sacra-
mento", from the Arctic to Salt Lake, and from
the St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Colum-
bia. What came in and what went out of the
country was at its dictation. The Indian and
the European alike did the bidding of the giant
monopoly. Not to do it was to perish. This
power was reaching out and preparing to on-

I' I

100

niSTOHY OF OllKdON.

fold in its graup nil of tlio Pacific coast from
American llussia to S[)aiiis]i California.

The original stock of tills company was only
850,820. In tifty years it had made ita stock-
lioldcre rich, hesides trebling its stock twice by
profits aloni'. In 1821, ita capital stock had
gone up to .S457,380, and in that year it ab-
sorbed the Northwest CompR .^ of Montreal,
with a capital equal to its own.

The Northwest Company was the Canadian
Britisii rival and competition of the Hudson's
May Company. It was organized by the prin-
cipal increhants of ^lontreal in 1787, especially
to control and monopolize the fur trade over the
boundless forests of the Caiunlas, and stretch-
ing westward and northward along lakes Huron
and Superior to the chain of great and small
lakes, to lakes Winnipeg and Athabasca, and
along the Saskatchewan and the Red Iliver of
the North, following up the game and the In-
dians wherever they could be fouinl. Though
these were both British companie.'', yet the riv-
alry and hostility between them was as radical
as they could have been between either of them
and any rival American company.

There were many reasons for that hostility.
The Hudson's IJay Company was the older and
more powerful, and held letters patent from the
British crown, and its organization and personnel
were more distinctively English than the other,
which was largely of the French Canadian type.
I'esides. the great profitableness of the fur
trade at that time made it a prize for commer-
cial adventure cigerly to contend for. Hence,
as th(! Northwest Company was reaping a rich
harvest from its trade in these retjions. and was
pushing that trade farther and farther west-
ward and soutiuvard and northward, tlie Hud-
son's I'ay Com|)any l)egan to set up rival estab-
lishments and |)lace I'lval trades by the side of
theirs. Personal friendship could not long
continue when fonimereial interei-.s came into
such sii!ir|) competition. The result was open
war between the two companies. Forts were
ca])tnre(l, prisoners taken and held in ca|itivity,
nations of the same country and snly'ects of the

same king. Earl Selkirk, of the Hudson's Hay
Company, resolved to establish a colony of
Scotch and Irish Hudson's hay people on the
lied river, where was the great depot of the
Northwest Company, and which that company
considered its own ground. His first attempt
was a partial failure, but he was skillful and de-
termined enough to detach some of the most
important partisans of the Northwest Company
from its service, and to unite them to that of
the Hudson's Bay Company. Among them
was Colin Robertson, one of the most success-
ful traders and astute administrators of the
company, to whom lie committed the control of
the interests of the Hu<lson's Bay Company in
all that region. He pursued a most vigorous
policy against the company with which he was
so lately identified. The colony at Red river
was re-established. This only intensified the
strife, and finally led to several severe battles,
in one of which Governor Seniple of tlie Red
river colony and five other officers of the colony
and fifteen men were killed. The resnlt of
these conflicts, on the whole, was favorable to
the Hudson's Bay Company, but they left the
companies exhausted, and in 1821, to save any-
thing from the wreck of the conflict, the com-
panies amalgamated, and the name of the
Northwest Company was lost, all becoming the
Hudson's Bay Company.

The strongest play of this now twice-grown
giant for the heaviest stakes was yet to be cast.
While in London and in Washington diplomats
were debating, and governments trying to foil
each other by a play of technicalities, this giant
corporation was nurturing all its powers and
gathering up all its resources ready to cast them
into the scale, when at last the contending na-
tions should poise the beam for a last decision.
Its play was first for itself, after that for Great
Britain, but always against America.

What this company first desired was to hold
the country over which it ruled with such abso-
lute sway in its old condition of barbarism. It
had no instinct of civilization in it. It cared
nothing for humanity — for man —only as man

HISTORY OF OliEdON.

lol

could lio iiiado a inaehiiie for tlm jisd of its
inoiioy-inaking fffced. For its purposes a stolid
and unreasoning Indian, with bow and steel-
trap, roaniin<; the hills or trapping the water
courses for bear or beaver, was worth far more
than the scholar in the schoolroom, or the plow-
man in the field. The Indian's wigwam was
better than marble palaces. The silent prow
of the birchen canoe was far more to be desired
than tlie rush and roar of the wheels of the
steamer. The sharp crack of the hnntsman's
rille in the dark forest was far more musical to
their ears than the roar of the paved streets of
the metropolis. All these, and everything kin-
dred to these, were what the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany thus songht for itself.

Let the reader pause a little here and remem-
ber that the region tliis company was thus en-
deavoring, by the unscrupulous use of all its
power, to save to itself, and for that end to keep
in its old barbaric state, was all that wonderful
land in which now the four great States of the
American Union — -Oregon, Washington, Mon-
tana and Idaho — then all called Oregon — now
hold a population, a wealth and a culture greater
than the entire thirteen States at the close of the
Itevolution. Let him add to this all of British
Columbia, itself a very empire of prosperous and
cultivated civilization, and he will see for what
enormous stakes this powerful company was
playing its desperate game from the time of its
union with the Northwest Company for at least
a quarter of a century. Surely the prize for
which it struggled was well worth all its ven-
tures.

Next to the keeping of the country for its
own purposes of trade, it was the wish of this
company to put enough vested interests in it to
swing the scale of ultimate ownership in favor
of Great Britain. Indeed it early became ap-
parent to the company that this was the only
means of saving it to itself. Of disinterested
patriotism — country for country's sake — it had
none. Notwithstanding many of its leaders and
managers were eminent in abilities, and even
high in the confidence of the English govern-

ment, they lived and wrought and wrote with
this ultimate end forever in view,- -sui)ordinat-
ing country to company and patriotism to pelf.

We do not mean to say that in this these
men were worse than other men. They were
like other men; and in their vui'y t'aithfulni'ss
to the ends for which their company existed
there was much that the historian must admire,
though he may not commend the end for which
thoy so strongly strove. No company's affairs
were ever more ably administered, nor were
means ever more wisely adapted to ends, than
here. The agents of the company were every-
where, watchful, vigilant; friends, if friendtliip
woidd serve their purposes best, but enemies us
readily as friends, if enmity better secured the
bject for which the company existed. Such
was the Hudson's Bay CompaTiy wiien history
brings us to the verge of the decisive conflict of
diplomacy, almost of arms for the ultimate
ownership of Oregon.

With the union of the Hudson's May Com-
pany with the Northwest Company in 1821,
there came into the consolidated and greatly en-
larged Hudson's Bay Company a gentleman
destined to a larger place and greater influence
in its history, and the history of the country for
a full quarter of a century, than any other man.
It was Dr. John McLaughlin. The position lie
occupied and the influence he exerted in the
country fully justifies us in pausing in the midst
of our story to give some brief characterization
of this historic personage.

Ur. John McLaughlin was by birth a Cana-
dian, by blood a Scotch-Englishman. He was
an educated pliysician, and early entered the
service of the Northwest Fur Company as
such, and served in that capacity at Winni-
peg. Such wiis his zeal and intelligence, how-
ever, that he exercised a very commanding in-
fluence over the counsels of the company, and
at length when his company was merged into the
Hudson's Bay, he became a factor in that com-
pany, in which his abilities received their legiti-
mate appreciation, and he was made gjjvernor
of all its territory and business west of the

102

in STORY OF OHEaON.

Rocky mountains. Tin's iniido him practically
ii (lictiitiii' in u country twelve liiindrcd miles
ii)nif and a thonsimd miles hrnad.

In ])erson Dr. McLiiuf^hlin wii.s oC most iiTi-
posini^ mien. lie stood six feet and three
inches in his >' moccasins," for he wore the In-
dian moccasin j^enerally to the end of his life —
was erect as a fir tree, and moved with a stately
and even nnijestic tread. Ilis face was full and
florid and cleanly shaven, and his eye a clear blue.
Whei the writer's personal acquaintance with
him hejcan, in 185.'?, his full hair was like a silver

DR. .lOllN .McL.VrciUI.lN.

crown, and worn full and flowing, reaching
nearly to his shoulders, and iiis eye had yet a
quick and diuting Are. Ilis movements were
ilecisive. il' not quick. His voice in ordinary
conveisalion was low, and his speech somewhat
slow, hut when excited it rang sharply and de-
cisively out, like that of a man, who was accus-
tomed to his own way in all that he cared to do
at all. The writer was then a young man, jnst
entering upon his life-work in Oregon, while
Dr. McLauj^rhlin had then, for some years, been
a private citizen; lint his appearance was so ven-
erable and august, his position in the country

had been so commanding and his history so
remarkable, that he seemed to my imagination
the nuist impressing personality 1 hail ever he-
held. To this day I doubt whether a more im-
posing physical presence ever walked the streets
of this great Northwest than that of Dr. John
Mcl^aughlin.

Iiis character was .t- marked (m his presonc
lie had a very higli sense of personal hon'
and his integrity was beyond question. Hew, s
generous and humane to an unusual degree.
Quite a number, now among the wealthy and
distinguished citizens of Oregon, owe their flrst
commercial positions in the trade of this coast
to his helpful hand. And, after the acrimonies
arising from the position of the Hudson's Bay
Company, of which he was governor, as the
overweening inono|)oly of the coast have passed
largely out of the personal remembrance of
the people, and Dr. McLaughlin is remembered
only as the man and the citizen that he ap-
peared after he closed his connection with that
gigantic corporation. There is no name held in
higher veneration by the citizens of Oregon
than his.

With the Hudson's Bay Company, the period
from 1821 to 1833 was an era of growth, and
yet of consolidation. Nothing occurred to dis-
turb the equanimity of its rule. Its power
touched every center and circumference of the
vast territory of its operations. True, some
American fur companies, like that of Sublette,
Smith and Bridger, or some independent traders
and trappers like Bonneville and Wyeth, now
and then ventured over the line of its assumed
rights along the gorges of the Rocky nioiiutains,
but it had only to speak and they disappeared.
Even before this era it had absorbed Astor's
company, as we have before noticed. It would
extend this portion of our work unduly were we
to follow in detail the adventures of the gentle-
men and servants of this company through this
decade of its greatest power and prosperity.
During this time the Mplomatic debate between
Great Britain and the United States as to the
ownershij) of Oregon |)assed through many

HTSTOIIY OF Olih'OON.

cliaiigeH, but soemfil not to Hilviinc« towiird any
settlement. IJoth pftrties were claiinHnts of tlie
country, 1>nt Irotli were wary, procrastinatiiif^,
and tearful of a final tender of terinw. Grciit
Britain swined to have justest reaaon to post-
pone decision. The Hudson's Iky (!oiiipany
was Hritish. It held the situation with a grasp
it seemod nothing could unloose. Its brigades
of hoats were on every stream and its hunters
and trappers on every trail. There were liter-
ally none to oppose them. Their small but won-
derful circle of leaders like Simpson, McLangh-
li/i and Douglas, were planning with marvelous
foresight and ability to retain for England wliat
their former enterprise and courage had apj)ar-
ently gained, — all the Pacific coast from Cali-
foi'uir. to the Russian possessions, — a region they
wtdl knew to be among the fairest and most
fruitful on the globe. They held a first mort-
gage — that of possession upon it. But give
them time and they would do the rest. So dip-
lomacy waited upon possession, trusting that
might would make right, and the young repub-
lic on the Atlantic shore would, in some criti-
cal and nervous hour, surrender to power what
was clearly her right in law. But both Britain
and the Hudson's Bay Company had left out of
their account the most decisive element— deter-
mination of history, aa we shall subsequently
see. Meanwhile the relations of the Hudson's
Bay Company, with competitors in its field,
whether associated or individual, require some
consideration.

Subsequent to the defeat of the grand project
of .Fohn Jacob Astor, as already related, the ex-
pedition of Captain Bonneville was the first that
held within itself any real threat to the suprem-
acy of the Hudson's Bay Company in the region
now known as Oregon. As it seems needful
to maintain the continuity of history, and en-
able our readers to understand the latent, as well
as the obvious, causes that finally wrought out
the history of the Pacific Northwest, to give
some brief account of that expedition, a few
sentences regarding Captain Bonneville here
will be acceptable to tiie reader:

He was of P'rench parentage, born in the city
of New York about the close of the Amuricau
Revolution. He inherited all the Krencli vola-
tility and fervor of imagination, though it was
disciplined in his cai'ly years by mathematical
studies. He was educated in the United States
Military Academy at West Point, from wliicli
lie entered the army, and was for a num..er of
years stationed on the far western frontier. The
inactive and uneventful life of a soldier in time
of peace ill suited his active and adventurous
temperament, and naturally his eyes turned to-
ward the unexplored regions of the Rocky
mountains as the field offering incident and ex-
citement enough to gratify his ambition. He
obtained leave of absence from the army, and
secured from the major-general commanding it,
from the secretary of war and from the presi-
dent more than a quasi-indorsement of his
j)lans. He succeeded in interesting with him-
self Alfred Seaton, of New York, a gentleman
of high respectability and influence, and formed
an association with adequate means for the
prosecution of his expensive project. Mr. Sea-
ton was the more ready to aid Captain Bonne-
ville from having been associated with Mr.
Astor's enterprise, and was one of the patriotic
American youths who were at Astr)ria at the
timeof its surrender to the British. He hoped
to contribute to the raising again of the flag of
his own country on the shores of the Columbia.
Captain Bonneville was also on close terms
with Mr. Astor himself.

Prepared for his adventurous expedition,
Captain Bonneville found himself in the early
spring of 1832 on the western frontier at Fort
Osage, Missouri, when he enlisted a force of
110 men, mostly experienced in the craft of the
plains and mountains, and ready for any enter-
prise of profit or danger. On the Ist of May of
that year he began his march westward.

To Captain Bonneville belongs the historic
distinction of first conducting wagons to and
over the summit of the Rocky mountains. This
was a distinct gain for civilization, as it intro-
duced civilized methods of locomotion in the

lOl

ri/srony oh' ouKOoti.

nhu'c ot'tlidSuof tlic l)!irliiii'i)UH Imliaii or tlii'uliiti'
iiiiuiuidiM'. Tlicsu tii'st iiii'iiiit (!very siicL't'ciliii)^
wlici'l of trader or ciiiigrniit or locomotive; and,
tlioiij^h till' world did not sec it. tliey meant
Oref^on for the Americans instead ot" the
Knglish.

The excitiiipj adventures of his journey west-
ward cannot he followcil here. II is route was
across the then unjiathcd solitudes where now
are the wonderful States of Kansas and Ne-
braska, and he opened for wajjons the identical
road traveled hy emigrants from western Mis-
sonri to Oregon until the rail-car displaced the
ox-wairon. nearly forty years after he had pio-
neered the way. From the 1st of May to the
24th of Julyjiis long cavalcade of wagons and
horsemen moved slowly westward and upward.
At nofjii of that day he was beyond the divide
of the Kocky mountains and encamped on a
branch of (ireen river, then called Sceds-Keo
Agio, or Sai^o lien river. On the 27tli of July
lie reached Green river — the "rendezvous" of
the trappers and traders of the Rocky mountains
foi' tliat year, — at least a liundred miles within
the limits of Oregon as the maps then described
it.

lie had now entered a region of indescribably
wild and broken mountain ranges, and henco
he determined here to abandon his wagons —
the tii'st, we repeat, even to pass the gates of the
ftocky mountains — and on the 22d of August
j)aeked his horses and began his nnirch still
wostsvard, having selected the valley of Salmon
river, near where Salmon City, in Idaho, is now
situated, as the place for his winter's canton-
ment.

A full year was spent in the region contiguous
to this |)hu'e, and the following December he
established his winter quarters on rhe Portneuf
river. I'nt his main purpose in coniing to the
mountains was yet unfulfilled. When all was
settled for his people in tlieir winter encamp-
ment, with three trusted and hearty mountain-
eers, he mounted his horse on Christmas morn-
ing of 1833, for an expedition of great peril, as
well as of great historic importance, namely,

to penetrate the lilue moiintiiins, visit the
establishments of the Hudson's Hay ('ompany
on the Columbia river, an<i gain such informa-
tion as he could of the country itself and of the
great company thiit controlled it.

There is a temj)tation to the pen of the writer
to follow this wonderful midwinter journey of tiiis
wonderfully resolute ex|)lorer down the storm-
swept plains of the Snake river, amid the snow-
clad summits of the Blue mountains, across the
alway interesting "(irande Ilonde" valley, then
along a devious way aiiiong the heiglits of
" Iinmaho," as IJonneville writes it, and finally,
having scaled these icy pinnacles into the valley
of the Columbia and to Fort Walla Walla, the
chief post of the Hudson's Bay Company on the
Columbia river east of the Cascade mountains;
but sp.ice forbids the thrilling recount.

Captain Bonneville reached Fort Walla AValla
on the 4th day of March, 1834. Though re-
ceived politely, as a man, by Mr. I'ambrun, in
charge for the Hudson's Bay Company, when
he sought to purchase some supplies for his re-
turn journey to the Portneuf, he was plainly
told lie could have nothing. The policy of that
company was to discourage all trade and all
traders but its own. While Captain Bonneville
was a guest he could have food and polite at-
tention as such, but when Captain Bonneville
was on the trail, a trader representing an Amer-
ican interest, he was to the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany a foe, and it were better to that great
British corporation if he perished than if he
lived. He could therefore have nothing. Piqued
and irritated, and disdaining to receive courtesies
as a man that were forbidden him asan American,
on the (5th day of March, having received the
hospitality of the Hudson's Bay Company only
two days, lie set out on his return to his people
in the valley of Snake river. After many vicis-
situdes among the snows of the Blue mountains
he reached the place of their encampment on
the Ist of June.

The result of this exploration of Captain Bon-
neville was to satisfy him of two thing.-: First,
that an American trade could ]-rofitat)ly be

U/HTOHr OF oliKllltN.

10.-)

opened in tlio vnlloy of tlio Coliiinliin; and, bo(!-
uikI, ^llml any hiiuIi attempt wouUl meet tlie
dutcrinined anil niiscriipnlons up|)(itiition of tlio
Jlmlaon's May ('onipaiiy. Future events denion-
Btratud that in tlut first judgnuMit lie was mis-
taken, wliile in the second lie was iinliuppily
correct. Still such was the convietion of his
own mind that, one year later, he prepared to
put his oiiinioiis to the test by u second visit to
the Ooluinhia at the head of a tradinj^ company
of twenty-three men. lie left his encampment
on Hear river on the Sid day of -Fuly, 1834. ai^aiii
traversed the dreary plains of Snake river, jieiio-
trated the IJlue mountains near the line of the
old "oinif^rant road" and reached the Umatil-
la river (called " Ottolais "' by him) al)out the
middle of September. I5eing now within thirty
miles of Fort Walla Walla, he sent forward a
detachment of his company to jirocure food, as
lie was in danger of famine. They met with a
peremptory refusal of the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany, who added to the inhospitality of refusing
food for the almost famishing camp,an attempt to
seduce the men from tlio service of Captain Hon-
nevillo by most tempting offers of employment if
they would abandon his employ. They refused,
anil returned to the camp of the Captain empty-
haiuled. lie instantly broke up his camp, fol-
lowed down the Umatilla river to the Columbia,
and endeavored to open a trade with the Indians
for fish and other food, but the lludeon's Bay
Company had forbidden them to hold any com-
munication with the Americans, and they kept
almost entirely out of his sight. He endeavored
to force his way down the Columbia river to the
Willamette, where he intended to establish his
winter (juarters, but it was everywhere the same;
not a.i article of provisions could be obtained.
To keep his men from starvation two of his'
horses were killed for food. Hut to unhorse his
company even to sustain life here was certainly
to lose all their lives. An enemy he could not
see confronted him everywhere, and inhospitable
Nature seemed in league with that enemy to de-
stroy him. The reader need not be told that
that unseen enemy was the dread and deadly

influence of the Hudson's Hay Company, poJBon-
ingtlie siiripicions and timiil minds of the In-
dians against all that was American. The way
before him to the Willamette was unknown.
That valley itself was only a fable to his iiieii
lovely and rich indeed as a fable, but they (lare<l
not venture farther. Nothing seemed to remain
to him but a hasty return to the Hliie mouMtains,
whore deer and elk could bo found for food, or
deailiby starvation on thedriving Columbia sand.
The alternative of return and life was chosen, and
reluctantly he faced his com|)aiiy i<astward for
the mountains. Thus Uonneville's struggle to
establish an American traffic on the Columbia in
opposition to the llui'.>on's I'ay Company ended
in utter failure. i'"ew among the men of the
mountains and plains at that time had the cour-
age and caution and will of Bonneville, and
where he failed none need liojie to succeed.

In subsequent years Bonneville, then a major
in the United States Army, was put in coiii-
niand of the troops of the United States stationed
at the old Hudson's Bay post of Vancouver, and
there the writer met and conversed with him in
the autumn X853. Suave, intelligent and
filled with pioneer memories, and delighting to
recount the incidents of his three years in the
mountains of eastern Oregon from 1832 to 1835,
where, though ostensibly a mere trader, he was
tliere really under the sanction of the president
of the United States as an observer of the atti-
tudes and power of the Hudson's Bay Company,
the rejiresentative and embodiment of the Brit-
ish Government in Oregon.

After the power of the Hudson's J3ay Com-
pany had com|)as8ed the defeat of Bonneville's
well-laid schemes, the next to try his prow-
ess against it was Mr. Nathaniel J. Wyeth, ot
Cambridge, Mat^sachusetts. Indeed, Mr. Wy-
eth's adventure was partly contemporaneous
with Captain Bonneville's, though its disastrous
culmination was somewhat later. Like all men
who assay such gigantic undertakings, Mr.
Wyeth was ardent, enthusiastic, determined and
capable of inspiring others with his own spirit.'
In 1832 he organiiied an emigrating company

lllSTOltY I IF (illKUOS.

of twiMity two perHorm in Mn8r>nc)ineotts, tor the
|)iir|i(»fio of pi'ouetMlin^ to Orcf^on, nnd, toj^etluM'
with tli.'U of L'stiilili>liiiij{ It tnidi' with tiie In-
ilinii)«, occupy portioiiH of tliu country m set-
tlers.

Willi thin company hn Httirlcil wciitwiird.
Knowing little of the prncticul life on the
frontier, it wnH not until thoy rcaiihod St. Louin
nnii licf^an to come into contact with nucli inen
ns the Suhlettes that the true <'liaracter and
great ditHculty of the undertaking hegan to
dawn upon their mimlM. Some of liiri party
turned hack, hut Mr. VVyeth was made of hardy
HtufV', and with others he punhed forward, and
linally reached the Coliimhia river and Vancou-
ver; and, having; made nsoniuwliat cursory oxam-
ination of the country, and being greatly im-
pressed with its beauty and resources, returned
to I'oston and imniediat(>ly entered on prepara-
tions to forward a ship load of suitable mer-
chandise the followiiii^ year for the (3olunil)ia,
while he, with an associated company of men,
should return to Oregon by land and enter the
list of competition with the Hudson's Ray
Company in the very center of its power.

In coniiection with this journey of Mr. Wy-
eth occurred an event that inci<lentally illus-
trated the ability and disposition of the Hud-
son's I'ay Company to do anything at any cost
necessary to control the trade of all the West.
It was this:

On his return eastward the year before, Mr.
Wyetli had entered into a contract with one of
the Sublettes in the Itocky monntains for the
delivery of a large invoice of inerchandiae at the
rendezvous of the following year, Mr. Wyeth,
true to his part of the contract, brought forward
the goods and had them at the rtndezvous on
Green river the latter part of June. Mr. Sub-
lette is said to have violated his part of tl:e con-
tract under the urgent advice of others, and Mr.
Wyeth found himself in the middle of the con-
tinent with a large invoice of merchandise, for
which he had no market. He was highly and
justly indignant, and told Mr. Sublette and his
associates, who were trying to monopolize the

American trade with tlie Indians, that he " woidd
roll a stone into their garden that thoy would
not lu^ aiile to get rid of." lie ininuMliately
packed his goods, went on westward a few days'
journey afid erected Fort Hall, where he do-
posite(l his goods and opent^d a trade with the
Indians and mountain uumi. The Hudson's
Hay Company immedintely estdblished Fort
hoise, farther down Smike river, as a rival to
Fort Hall. Unable to cope with that company,
Mr. Wyeth accepted an otl'er from it for the
purchase of Fort Hall, and thus in a few months
fulfilled his justifiable threat to Mr. Sublette and
his associates by installing the Hudson's Hay
Company several hundred miles farther east
on Snake river than it had ever established a
post before. No rival could stand before that
company west of the summits of the Rocky
mountains.

This done, Mr. Wyeth proceeded westward to
Vancouver to await the arrival of his vessel, the
brig May Dacre, that was expected in Septem-
ber. In due time she arrived, anchored in the
lowest mouth of the Wiilanietto river, and be-
gan discharging her cargo on Wapatoo, now
Sauvies, island, where Mr. Wyeth erected a
trading post called Fort William, in which he
deposited his goods, and where he assayed to
open up a traffic. His position was both well
and poorly chosen. It was central to the
lower Columbia and to the tribes that dwelt up-
on its banks, who traveled mostly in canoes. It
was easy of access from the tribes of the
Willamette. It was where seagoing craft
could easily reach it. But it was within fifteen
miles of Vancouver, the headquarters of the
Hudson's Bay Company, and in immediate
rivalry with its most astute and accomplished
leaders. In this respect his location was poorly
chosen, and a very short time made it necessary
for him here, as at Fort Hall, to accfept the best
terms he could obtain of that company and
abandon his enterprise, and even the country
itself. Mr. Wyeth, in a memorial to Goiigresj
on the Oregon question in 1839, says of that
company: " Experience has satislied lue that

llltiTOUr (>/■■ liHKdOX.

l!;o entire weif;li» of timt conipniiy will Im iim<l«
til l)UHi' on Hny triulci' wlio hIiiiII iitteiiipt to
jji'dscciito iii« luifinesrt witiiiii itH rfncii. * *
* No dooiior (loot* nn Anu'iiciiii concern utiirt
in tliii> n'^ion than one of itrt triulin^ |iiirticK \»
put in motion. A few ytmrn will make the
country wt>st of tii« inonntitiim a« completely
lMi).'liHli iiH timy Clin duHire."

With tliis complete failnn: of Mr. WyethV '
eiiterpriHc turmitiateil tlu< iHHt orjjuni/.ed effort j
of American (raders to cetaliliitli ii BncceHsfnl [
rival to the IIuflMon's May ('om|iany in ()rei;on.
either for triwic or the protection of Ainuricrtn
interenlH, and the advanc<«inent of American !
claims to the country itself; and IS34 closed i
and IHiio was ushered in with Uritisli suprem-
ncy represented hy the lIn<lson's iJay Company
apparently assured in all the country of tiie
('olumhia.

At tiiis time, 1834, the Hudson's Hay Com-
patiy had more than twenty j)osts in Oregon,
and over 2,000 men in the various hranches of
their employ. There were probahly not a litin-
dred Americans in the same territory, and they
were hunters and trappers, isolated and wander-
ing over a vast region of country, too few to lie
formidable, and too dependent on the hospi-
tality of that company to be dreaded as rivals.
This showed Mr. Wyeth's statement to be true,
that " the United States as a nation are un-
known west of the mountains." The Hud-
son's Bay Company ruled supreme, and there
seemed no probability to those on the ground
that its supremacy would soon, if over, \>e
shaken. It is well, therefore, that we pause
here and take a brief survey of what Oregon
was in this supreme hoiir of Hudson's Hay
domination.

It will be remembered tliat we are now writ-
ing of Oregon as it was understood in 1834,
extending fronn the 42° to 54° 40' of north
latitude, and from the Pacific ocean to the
Rocky mountains,. It was the distinct and j
avowed policy of the ruling company to keep
back all tettlemont and hold the country only
for the production of game. White men,

thrreforc. were unwelcome intruders, unless
they were of thone races ready to internnirry
with Indian wonn'ti, and thus render themselves
fit for the barliaric purposes of that company.
They would liav(! no civilization, as we iinder-
(•tand civili/alion. The gnafest and ablest and
U'st men among them were intermarried with
the native wcnnen, atid half-breed chililren
swarmeil aiound their l'al)itations. These con-
ditions were a necessity of their policy, and
that p<)li(;y was the only means of securing thu
ends for wiiich the Hudson's l)ayCiimj)any was
organized, and for which it e.Nisted. We aro
spei^king of this policy of the company as we
saw it in the last days of its existence in Ore-
gon, when it seemed to us so stningu that
intelligetit and eilucated English, Scotch, and
Canadian gentlemen could ever have fallen into
such barbaric modes of domestic living. Hut
we were then comparing tlieir life with tlio
ideals of our own New York training, and were
ignorantof the history and avowed pnrjjusc of
tlie company whoso best social products we saw.
When these were studied we plainly saw tliat
this was not perverse criminality in the people
we saw around us, but a commercial necessity
in their relations of life. Anything that meant
or typed the civilization of an American vil-
lage would of necessity liave been the germ of
its destruction to the end for which all this
system lived and wrought. Illustrating this, a
statement of a chaplain at Moose Factory may
be quoted, lie said; " A plan 1 had devised
fcr educating and training to some acquaint-
ance with agriculture native children, was dis-
allowed. * * * A proposal for forming a small
Indian village near Moose Factory was not
acceded to, and, instead, permission only given
to attempt the location of one or two old men
no longer fit forengaing in the chase, it being
carefully and distinctly stated by Sir (ieorgo
Simpson that the company would not give them
even a spade to commence their new mode of
life!"

Coming to understand that this policy was
the wisest, indeed, tiie only means of perpetuat-

if r

:; ;li

108

nrsronr of oukoon.

inj^ the company itself, we soon toiiiul that the
•• iriMitli'incti ot the coinpiiiiy," as tliey were
(•iillt'(l, personally were in<leed jfentleiuen, while
as othcers of the comiiiuiy they were necessa-
rily opposed to all that made for eivilization.
Hence wean* able to write of Dr. McLanj^hlin
as a man, as we have truly written. Let the reader
liiinself apply these reflections to the Oregon of
1831:, am! he will understand what, socially and
comniereially, the Ilndfon's ]5ay Company, at
its very hest estate, and in the day of its supreni-
cst power, had made of one of the finest lands
upon which shines the \iniversal sun; and in
this knowledge he will understand just what
the Hudson's I'ay (^ompany meant to do for
Iniuianity. Almost necessarily its life was en-
tirely hid beh'iid the lids of Its own ledger, and to

quote the language of Hazlit, it " Had no ideas
hut these of custom and interest, and that on the
narrowest scale."'

We iiave said that the supremacy of the
Hudson's Bay Company on the Columbia, and
through that comjjany the ultimate ownership
of Oregon by Great Britain, was "apparently
assured " in 1834. But the genius aufi prophet
of the downfall of the great com])any, and the
de'eat of British plans for the possession of the
country, were then surveying Oregon, looking
through the blue eyes of a pioneer missionary,
who landed at Vancouver within a few days of
the arrival ot Mr. Wyeth, of whose coming and
going we have previously spoken. Our ne.vt
chapter will toll something of influences that
proved too mighty for that power. v

CHAPTER Xir. ■ ■

THE MISSIONS AND THE AMEIUCANI2A.TI0N OF OREGON.

Tfik (tricat ItivAi.s — Eakly Fokm 01' THK CoNTKST — A New Et.KMKNT Intuodi'cki) — Thk Nkwly
Ma nni:i) Contest ANTS — Hudson Bay'sComtany at the Zenith ok its Power — Oueoon's only
Occri'A.NTs — Arrival of Four Men -Tiikik Supi'ort and Patronage — Their Amuri;a:<ism
— The Growth ok the Missionary Power — Two Classes — The Methodist Missio.vs — Mis-
sions oi- the American Board— Independent Missions — Facts — What the Hudson's Bay
CoMi'ANY IS DoiNii — The People uk the Hidson's Bay Company — -The American People —
.fAsoN Lee, the Corvi-heus ok American Skntimknt — Hrs Visit to the East and Return —
Missions, the Centers ok American Sentimemts and People^Contest Morally Closed.

fROM the time that the claims of France
and Spain to the Oregon country were
^ finally transferred to the United States in
18(13, there was as our readers have seen, no
claimant contesting with the United States, and
the ownership of the country but England. Its
final possession by one or the other of these
great powers was evidently in the way of the
destiny of ,'mpire. They were nations of one
blood, e.xcept that in the United States there

was a deeper tinge of the cavalier in the veins
of the people than in England. Their very
relationship and similarity of origin and of
character, made them essentially rivals, jealous
of each others ])ower, and anxious to place bar-
riers in the way of each other's adviinciemeiit.
Besides the United States were not far enough
removed from the close of a successful rebellion
against the mis-government of England, in
which rebellion this country had snatched the

niSTOllY OF OliKOOX.

103

guerdon of lier nationality from the disiiinm-
burod empire of (ireat I'l'itaiii for either to
have (!oiiie to an ei'a of real fVieiidliiiess and
natural fraleriiity. Tlie very acforH in the
events of 1776 and 1784, both in En<rlan(i and
America, were yet in plaees of power in the
two conntrieii. They lia(i not forgotten, and
they had not forgiven. The Americans were
till! most t'orgivina, f(ir they had won the most,
and hence could most easily iorgivo. The I'rit-
ish had lost the most, and hence were the sorest
find most nnrelenting. It was to be expected,
therefore, that the struggle for what both so
greatly desired, and each believed it owned,
would be long and tenacious, Hiid that it would
be led through every possible cliance and change
before it would oe finally decided.

We have seen how, in commerce by sea and
rivdr, and in the rivalries of the trail and the
niountains, the fur companies that represented
severally these two nationalities had met each
other, and had in evei'y contest of that charHcter
t'le representatives of England had defeated,
thwarted and driven away the representatives of
the United States, until, though there was a
legal joint occupancy there was no real occu-
pancy but that of Great Hritain. From 1813,
when the Hritish flag was raised over Astoria,
for a full score of years the stars and stripes
waved in the skies of Oregon only as a transient
visitor, while the cross of St. George symholed
the real ruling power over the country from the
mountains to the sea. The Hudson's Bay (Com-
pany, wholly representative of the designs and
spirit of the British crown, and intensely loyal
to them, held supreme dominion over the whole
country. It seemed a foregone conclusion, that
this powerful organization, with its great wealth,
and its unrivaled facilities for transplanting its
own numerous people into the fruitful soil of
these Pacific valleys, would win for England the
"nine ])oints of law," — possession of the coun-
try. So the issue and the probability stood up
to 183-t.

In 1834 the contest was re-opened in another
form. Another wholly American element was

introduced. It came noiselessly, unheraMed,
without <lisplay of march or ihiiint of ensign.
It was so small in numbers, and so bnnible in
pretense, that it scarcely arrested the attention
of the powerful men who were then at the head
of .no British jniwer on the liaiilcs of the (Joliim-
bia. Its professed and real purpose so com-
mended itself to every gracious sentiment nl
the human heart, that men so really humaM(! as
were they could not but give it encouragement
and blessing. This element, thus introduced,
was what, technically, in the early history of
Oregon was known as the •• missionary element."
It came in the persons of four men whose
names have been elsewhere mentioned in this
book, but which will bear repeating here, luiine-
ly: Jason Lee, Daniel Lee, (3yrus Shepard and
P. L. Edwards, and they were the types and
forerunners of all the missionaries, who, for the
following decade, practically alone embodied
anil expressed the American se?itinient and the
American citizenship, in contrast with the Brit-
ish spirit and the British citizenship embodied
and expressed by the Hudson's Bay (!ompany
in Oregon.

The one thing that distinguished these men
in the relation in which we are now writing of
them, and the missions established by them and
by those who came subspijnentiy, was their
Americanism. They not only came to Oregon
by the direction of the most intensely American
church in the country, but they came under the
passport and ])frmit, and hence nnder the pro-
tection of the government of the United States,
certified to Mr. Lee and his coadjutors by Gen-
eral John II. Eaton, the honorable secretary of
war under Andrew Jackson, president of the
United States at that time. This, with their
own personal citizenship, gave them a character
not less distinctively American than it was
missionary. The same statement, in substance,
would be true of all the Protestant missions
established in Oregon, whether by the great de-
nominational or interdenominational societies,
or l)y individual citizens of the United States.

110

HISTOIIY OF OREGON.

ll'

|i!

\ Si /.

1 :

They wero all Aiiici'iwin -iiitfiisely, nulii'iiHv
and Idjiiliy Aincrii-iiii.

We lire luit ii,'ii()riiiy llie fact that the iiiis-
sicjnaries who cMiiie to ()icji;oii, from 18;{4: up to
IMO, eume jiriiiiai'lly for the imrpo.se of evan-
ffeliziiiif the pai;aii trilies of this {xreat North-
west. "We arc only l)rino;ing to view the other
faet that in tloinij; or atteni])ting tiiis they never
forgot ami never slighted or temporized with
theii' national relationship. Patriotism, in its
trne sense of love of the country that fostered
and encoiiraged their works, aTid spread the
hroad iegis of its protection over themselves
personally, was a part of their religion. Their
feelings were never isolated from the country
that thns protected and cherished them, bnt
they "lovtd its rocks and rills, its woods and
templed hills,'" with a great venerating, patri-
otic love. They miglit not have done this the
. more becanse they were inissicinaries, in a land
where at that time an American citizen could
liave hut a doubtful and precarious sojourn;
but they certainly did not do this the less for
tliat reason. Here, tlien, were the matched
contestants for the possession and consequent
owner.-hip of Oregon, — the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany on the one side, witii the confidence of its
past successes and its present power upon* it;
the Tnissionary stations and missionaries, with
their liigh moral purpose and their American
sentiment, on the other. Providence had thus
hiUided over the conflict of empire on the north-
west coast to these contesting elements, and
then iwaited the issue.

At this time the Hudson's Bay Company
was at the very zenith of its power. Its leaderf
were kings of men. Its cavalcades were on
every inter-nionutain trail over half a continent.
Its fleets of batteaiix and canoes were on every
river, and its voyagenrs sung to the music of
every cascade from Winnipeg to California, and
from the mountains to the sea. A contest of
force, of brawn, or even of trade and commerce
with it at that time, would have been simple
madness. Indeed the latter was adventured at
this very time by at least two of the ablest and

most determined leaders that the history of
such Commercial parti/.aiiship among Ameri-
cans ever produced, — Wyetli jnd Bonneville, —
and both were compelled to hastily retire from
the fleld, Wyetli beijiu'athing his fortune, with
Forts Hall and William, to the P>ritain, and
Bonneville com])elled to lly from starvation on
the baidvs of the Columbia because the very tish
of the rivers and game on the hills were denied
him by the lordly barons who ruled at Vancou-
ver for themselves and Britain only. So in-
trenched was this British power behind the
great mountain ranges of the mid-continent,
that armies could not march against it if they
would; and on the thither side 3,000 leagues of
ocean, roamed by the prowling crnisers of the
British navy, kept eternal watch and ward over
them. Thus they stood, and thus Britantiia
rnled, not the wave only, bnt the land as well,
when these avaunt couriers of the mighty host
of Americans that ten years later began to fol-
low in their footsteps, sat calmly down before
this mountain power of commercial snpremacyj
and that other mountain power of paganism in-
trenched in the superstitions legends of a hun-
dred generations of jjctrifled intellectual and
moral darkness, and began, in their thoughts, if
not in their speech, to prophesy to them: "(),
thou great mountain, be thuu plucked up and
be thou cast into the midst of the sea."

These men were nut a power in themselves to
outer this vast contention for the possession of
a mighty empire, for there were but four of
them; but they were the seed of a power, the
germ of a force, that was to win that empire to
American civilization, and plant it as the thirty-
fourth star in the blue fleld of our country's
banner.

h is now time that wj i)egin to note and
measure the growth of that new force that thus
confronted the old. The task is difficidt, for
who can weigh or measure such forces? — but we
must attempt it.

We have before remarked the fact that these
mission establishments wore of two classes: First,
those organized and sustained by great mission-

iirsroiir of ottEooN.

Ill

ary societies, like tlie Missionary Society of the
Methodist Episcopal Church and the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missione;
and, second, personal and independent missions,
established and sustained by the men who
themselves wrought it in them. l?ut they '.ere
all Americans, and nearly all of New England
blood, if not of New England birth. That onr
readers may the better understand the relations,
both of men an<l events, to resultant history,
we shall consider these classes separately; and
it is the logical order to consider first the class
that itself was the first in the order of time.
This was the missions of the Methodist Episco-
pal Church.

In 1834 the four nw.\ already named — .lason
Lee, Daniel Lee, Cyrus Shepard and P. L. Ed-
wards — under the direction of that society,
established tiieinselves in the very heart of the
Willamette valley, the great agricultural para-
dise of Oregon. These were followed, in 1830,
by Dr. Elijah White and wife, with two chil-
dren; Mr. Alanson Beers and wife, with three
children; with Mr. William II. Willson and
Misses Anna M. Bittinan. Susan Downing and
Elvira Johnson. When these arrived, in May,
1837, the first American home was planted in
the Willamette valley. There had scarcely been
even the semblance of a home, as we understand
that word, in Oregon previous to that time.
Even the able and cultivated leaders of the
Hudson's Bay Company had consorted with the
Indian women, and their abodes had the odor of
the wigwam, and their progeny the taint of In-
dian blood. But iiere were educated and cul-
tured white wonuMi, accustomed to the refine-
ments of the parlors of Boston and Lynn, of
Newark .md New York, able to grace any social
life, as well as to aid in lifting up a fallen and
degraded race. i5et'ore, only nioneer American
manhood had been here; now pioneer woman-
hood and childhood, and with them pioneer
home life, wore added, and an American com-
munity, with all the elements of perpetuity and
increase in itself, was established in the very
heart of (Oregon. Nor should the stateimpn^ 'w

o?nitted here that, with these luen and women
and children, the Missionary Board had for-
warded a large amount of stores of various
kinds to render its community practically inde-
pendent of all others. Within six months of
the arrival of this company the community was
further strengthened, Ijoth in its numbers and
its character, by the arrival of Rev. David Les-
lie and wife with three children. Miss Margaret
Smith and Kev. II. K. W. Perkins. Thus, be-
fore three years from the 'irrival of the first
company of four men, tlv., Missionary Society
of the Methodist Episcopal Church had planted
an American community in the Willamette
valley, consisting of men, women and children,
with homes and schools and worship, with flocks
and herds and plows and harvests, peaceably,
but mightily cot)fronting the rule of the Hud-
son's Hay Company over the fair realm which
it so long had governed. In less than three
years more fifty-one more persons were ailded
to this American community by the same mis-
sionary authority. These consisted of Uevs.
J. P. Tiichmond, Gustavus Ilines, W. W. Kone,
A. F. Waller and J. II. Frost, Dr. I. L. Bab-
cock and Messrs. George Abernethy, 11. B. '
Brew.M', W. W. Raymond, L. II. Judson, II.
Campbell, Josiali L. Parrish and James Olley,
all of whom had families, and Misses M. T.
Ware, C. A. Clark, E. Phillips, A. Phelps and
O. Lankton. So, in less than si.x years after its
first small contingents had reached Oregon, the
Methodist Ej)iscopal Missionary Society had not
only planted an American community in Ore-
gon, but had made it so strong, ami so estab-
lished it on strategetic grounds all over the
Northwest, as to make it inei-adicable, — doing
what the United States Government and fur-
traders and commercial adventurers had failed
to do in fifty years of effort.

We turn now to the work of the American
Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
in the same general field and with a like result.
Its first mission in Oregon was established in
1830, two years later than that of the Metho-
dist society; though the country had been quit«j

U'J

UlsroUY OF OREOON.

P }

tlioronglily explored tlic preceding year by
Hev. Samuel I'urker, of Ne.v Vurk, a very iii-
telliireiit and cartrnl ()l>-('rvcr. The persons
will) for this society cntalilisheij this mission
were Dr. Marcus Wliitinan and wife, liev. 11.
II. Spaidditifi; and wife, and Mr. \V. !I. (Iray,
all from the State of New York, and all, like
tluise connected with the Methodist coniiniinily,
intensely American in training and sentiment.
This company of live persons, includiiiif the two
ladies, cros^eij the continent from the Missouri
river on liorseback, a distance of nearly 2,000
miles. Mrs. Wiiitmnn and Mrs. Spanlding were
the first white women of any nation who ever
made a home in Oregon, and are forever monu-
mented as such in the history of civilization of
the Northwest. The American heart lini^ersover
tlieir deeds and their memory with a fjreat love and
a great reverence, and is glacl to give thein the
crownini^ place, of 'vliich personally they were so
worthy, and which with such bravery they won
that of the first American home-makers between
the Ivocky mountains and the eastern sea. The
missions of those peo])lo were established in the
very lieart of what has since become known as
the great '• Inland Empire," at Waulitpu, on
the Walla Walla river, and at Lapwai on the
Cl-^arwater, among the Cayuses and Nez
I'erces, the two strongest and most promising
trihes of the entire coast. In 183S Messrs Eels,
AValker and Smith, with tlieir wives, joined
them, and they enlarged tlieir work and
broadened their field. So, at the close of 1S3S
the American Hoard had six American families,
representing the best forms of American life
and sentiment, firmly fixed in the soil of the
Oregon of that period; its coiitribntit)n to tlio
double result of that evangelization of a pagan
peojile and the Americanization of Oregon.

In addition to these there were what we have
called independent missions, established on the
individual responsibility of those conducting
them, that (•ontribiited no slight influence to
the great aggregate of American sentiment
and life that was now beginning to repress and
neutralize the sway of the Hudson's I'.ay Com-

jiany. In 1838 Kov. Ilarvcy (Marke, .Mr. Little-
john and Mr. Smith, I'resbyterian self-snppurt-
iiig iiiissonaries, with their wives came over
the mountains, and in 1839 Moses GritHn and
ifuiiger and their wives entered the country
with similar intentions. What we have said
of the gentlemen and ladies of the missions of
the two great boards would bo true in character
of all these. They were of the same type of
representative America. is, stood on the same re-
lation to the Hudson's Hay Company, and were
as thoroughly at one with tlie plans and hopes
of the United States in regard to Oregon, as
were the others. In a sense, indeed, tlieir in-
dejiendence gave them a vantiige ground not
possessed by the others, of which they were
prompt and faithful to use for the cause of the
country they lovt^d so tenderly.

Having thus summarily noted the beginniiif;
and traced the development of this entirely
American force in Oregon up to the autumn of
1840, a period of but six years, wo are in posses-
sion of the following facts:

The entire number of adult men and women

that these Missionary I'>oards had transplanted

from the best life of the old States into Oregon,

together with those of the independent mis-

\ sions was sixty-one; constituting not far from

; thirty American homes. Probably these homes

j held at that time not far from 100 children,

I born to an inheritance of American patriotism

I which certainly would not diminish when they

contrasted their own with the homes of those

I who disputed with them the dominion of Ore-

fe'O"-

But it was not numbers only, nor indeed was
it numbers chiefly, that gave these American
peo]ile the ])restige of conquest. The names of
Lee and LeRlie,of Whitman and Waller, of Hitios
and Parrish.of Abernethy and (iray, of Spaiild-
ing and AValker, of Clarke and Griffin, of l?ab-
cock and (Campbell, of Eels and Hall sufficiently
attest that, for no writer of early Oregon history
can fail to give them hororable mention, or to
recognize their great intluence in molding that
history.

HinTony OF ojiKwhW

Two other facts, of a soitiewlmt material char-
acter, illustrate the eminent service of the mis-
sions in iiiiikiiig civiliziifion a]lo^sil)ility in Ore-
gon. One was the establishment of mills, both
for the prodnctiou of lumber and the grinding?
of grain fur bread, by the missions of both
boards; the other was the introduction of a
printing,' pres • 'S3!), by Mr. E. O. Hall, who
set up his press at Laj)\viii, in the mission of
Mr. Spauldingand published elementary books,
both in the Nez Perces and Spokane tongues.
And so we are brought to the close of 1840.

Meantime we should know what the Hud-
son's Bay Company, as representing British
pretensions to Oregon, has been doin}:f during
the six years that the x^merican missions have
been developinii; into this formidable and o|>-
pofing force. Surely such astute leaders as Mc
I^aughlii) and Douglas couhl not fail to com-
j)rehend the threat against the position and
power of their company tluit was in the very
presence of these missionary establishments
near them. Two things were done, both in
themselves well chosen for the end contetn-
phited. First, they introduced in 1838 two
French (Canadian Roman Catholic priests.
These were British subjects, and it was expected,
of course, that the inlluenco their profession
and character gave them would be exerted
against the American and in favor of the Brit-
ish rule in Oregon. This the company had a
perfect right to do; and this also Messrs. Blan-
chet and Demus, the two priests, had a perfect
right to do. They placed these priests at most
important strategetic points; one in the Wil-
lamette valley, very near the Methodist mis-
sions, and the other was a faithful itinerant,
visiting the different posts of the company al-
ternately. Also in 1840 the company brought
an emigration of 12ii persons, men, women and
children, from Winnipeg to settle in Oregon.
Thus, at the two points where the leaders of
that great comjjany feared the inlluence of the
American missions the most, they made the
most stren\ious effort to countervail that influ-
ence. They knew the greatness of the prize at

issue, and they were not th(^ men lo neglect any
fair means they could use to win that prize for
the government of the country tley rejire-
sented.

We do not blame them for this. On the
contrary there is a measure of honor that we
accord them. They were faithful to the trust
their country reposed in them. They did
what they could, aiul in the best way they
could, to counteract the inlluenco that, they
could not but see left unchecked must give the
long disputed Oregon, coveted ccjnally by both
England ami the United States, to the Ameri-
can tuition. And here it is |)roper to say that,
though the men whose acts we an; lure record-
ing were both British and Romanist, and this
writer is both American and I'rotestaut. there
is no record, certainly not up to this date, of
any action on the jjart of either the British or
American party that was discolored by criminal
unfriendliness. On the contrary, while d<iing
their duty for the cause they represented,
neither forgot that broader duty they owed to
universal humanity. Still the results on the
one side were much more eifectivc and deter-
mining than on the other. Can we tell why?
Let us see, although the observant reader has
already caught the drift of tiie reason in what
we have previously said.

The claims and ititerests of Great Britain in
Oregon were sustained on the whole, by a con-
glomerate mass of people, of various colors and
cultures, and with very little of moral and so-
cial ailhesiveness. The Uriton and the Scotch-
man, it is true, were at their head, but the
French Canadians constituted the larger por-
tion of their followers. What they had of
home life, from the highest to the lowest, was
an admixture of these with the fenntles of the
various Indian tribes, and seemed to weaken,
rather than to strengthen, the moral and intel-
lectual fiber of the best men among them. The
traders, the chief factors, and even the gover-
nor himself, were as the voyageurs and trail-
men in this regard. Their children were, as a
body, without any large and worthy a?nbitior,

114

insTQllY OF OHEOnN.

f 1

too hiiili to 1m' Indians Hiul too low to ho wliito
men. A lioiiie and social life tliua tainted
never was and never can be a strong political
life, and no men could know this lietter than
the really able men whose lives had fallen into
these evil coils. One need, tiierefore, not look
l)cyonil this fact for an explanation of the his-
toric aiKMiialy so patent here, namely, that the
Htronger in numbers and positions and oppor-
tunity should piove the weaker in a conflict of
intellectual and moral, or even political poten-
cies.

On the other side, — the side of the American
community, as embodied, up to this time, in
missions and missionaries — there was a homo-
geneity of moral and intellectual and national
idea that gave it the strength of welded steel,
while it had the elasticity of a three-fold cord.
They were picked men and women; chosen
from among the hardiest and most aspiring
people of the new world. They had I'cen
trained on the farms and in the shoj)s and at
the forges where human frames are annealed
into endurance and tempered into elasticity.
They were educated, in the best sense of that
word. There was neither illiteracy nor ignor-
ance among them. They were isolated from
contaminating and degenerating contacts, ^[any
of them, both men and women, had high liter-
ary ability and culture. They had ambition, —
that supreme prop\ilson that forever lifts great
souls from the victories of to-day into the wider
triumphs of to-morrow. They comprehended
their responsibility and accurately measured
1 'sir opportunity. It may be doubted if the
■ lytlower landed on I'lymoutb Itock as nni-

' 'sally endowed and thoroughly e(juipped body
l! •.npire-iuiilders as the missionary board of
liie I'nited States placeil in Oregon from 183-1
to ISIO. Ami this was the body of men who
8to(><l alone for American interests and suprem-
acy in Oregon, over against the Hudson's
Hay Company, representing English interests
and supremacy. Can we not now see the phil-
osophical reasons for the final issue of the
struggle?

We are not to be understood as saying that
there were absolutely no Americans in Oregon
in 1840 but the missionai'ies and their families.
There were a few, possibly twenty-tive in all,
but they were mostly of that floating class that
linger on the fringes of society, or that wander
over the world without a ii.\ed and definite aim.
Some of them, it is true, remained in Oregon,
and, under the influence of the stronger power
of the missionary organizations, became highly
useful members of society, and left an honor-
able record in the early history of the country.
Not strong enough in numbers to constitute a
community, it was beyond the possibilities of
their e,on<lition that they should uphold, and
make nltinmtely successful, the American cause
in Oreijon.

We have carried this parallel and contrast
between the Hudson's ]?ay ('()mi)any and the
American missions only down to the close of
the summer of 1840, because after that date
comparatively few persons were added to the
missionary force in Oregon; and hence it was
that for two or three years following that date
the "missionary influence," as it was called,
was at its zentli. Hut the relative power of the
Hu<ison's Hay Company grew less, and its
strong grip upon the destiny of Oregon was for-
ever unloosed.

The writer would not detract from the credit
or fame due any man. or any class of men, from
their work for, and in our early Oregon; nor
would he add to the laurels of any one more
than is due. I'ut up to this date the American
interest in Oregon oweil more to the influence
and work of Jason Lee, than to those of any
other one man, if not indeed of all the men in
the country combined. He was as fully the
Coryphens of the American community as was
Dr. ^fcLaughlin of the Hudson's Hay Hritish
influence. Ho was a man strong in purpose,
vigorous in execution, reticent and self-con-
tained. I'eing first in the field, he very early
made himself well acquained with the country
from the Ump(pia to Piiget souml, and from
the ocean to the Rocky riKniiitains. His manii-

jaaa

nisrouY OF on egos.

115

script joii mill, mow (ipcii liut'ore tlio writer, fliow^
tliat lie ])laci;d a wry iiigli etitiiiiatu on the a;?ri-
cultiiral oapabilities of tliecoiintry,and espucially
of tlie Willamette valley, and us early as 1835
believed that it would Boon he occupied hy a
civilized people. Ilis correspondence with the
Board of Missions, in whose service he was em-
ployed, which was published in New York in
1835-'36-'37 and '38, showed the same thing.
Following up his belief on this point, in 1838
he returned overland to the States, and before
the missionary board in New York, in the pub-
lic prints, and in the presence of great audiences
in every great city from Maine to South Caro-
lina, and from New York to St. Louis, he set
fortii the character, needs and advantages of
Oregon. He spent a full year in this einploy-
ment, visiting Washington and conferring with
the secretary of State and the secretary of war,
and receiving substantial help from the otHcers
of the general (lovernment for the furtherance
of the purpose for which be was in the East, —
the orgaTiization and equipment of a strong re-
enforcement for his missionary work in Oregon.
His purpose was completely successful, and in
October of 1839 he sailed from New York in a
sliip chartered by the missionary board, with
what was really an American colony ; ministers,
mechanics, farmers, teachers, and with 8up])lie8
for the work in which they had engaged, to the
value of 825,000. It was the largest and best
furnished company that, on such a purpose, bail
ever sailed from any port; and when it reached
Oregon in 1840, with Mr. Lee at its head, it
morally fixed the luitional status of Oregon, be-
cause it put the American intluence far in ad-
vance of the iiritish. The inception, organiza-
tion and cultivation of that influence was more
directly the result of the work of Jason Lee
tlvu that of any other one man.

A single other point in our view of the rela-
tions of these missionary stations to the Ameri-
canization of Oregon it is necessary to notice.
Itisthis: The stations became the centersaround

wliiili aii-i-clL'd \vhiitu\t'r there, wu.s of American
sentiment or Ameiican people in tlie country.
This was esjjecially true of the Willamette sta-
tion. True to its purjmse, and the nation under
whose charter it pursued liat i)urpo.sc, tlie Hud-
son's J3ay Company would do .lothing to induce
or foster American ."ettlenieni. While it would
.sell its goods to Americans ic would buy noth-
ing from tliem. This was the surest system of
antagonism it could ixjseiiily have adopted. It
had forced the Americans out of the country be-
fore the missionary stations Were established,
and, until an organizatioTi able to cope with it.s-
self in mercantile o))erations could 'take up the
work of colonizing the country, it could keep
them out. Rivalry in trade it did not fear, for
that it could easily destroy. JJut the mission-
ary establishments, while independent and self-
supporting, were not trading posts. Even their
object in the country commended itself to the
better feelings of the gentlemen of that company,
and, without turning ai)solute barbarians, they
could not mole.st them. This they would not,
perhaps could not do. Hence they could not
prevent the ministry of hospitality, which the
missionaries were always ready to exercise
towards their countrymen, and all others indeed,
,who came to their doors or pitched their tent
under the shadows of their sanctuary. And so,
though the missionaries were not traders, nor
their stations depots of commerce, they were, in
the oidy way in which rivalry could have been
successful against the Hudson's Hay Company,
tliH rivals of that vast and mighty niono])olv;
and, by the time any considerable number of
American citizens were prepared to follow the
])ath they bad blazed out into the valleys of
Oregon in 18-1-3, they had prepared an asylum
for them, and broken the right arm of the power
of the Hudson's Ray (Yimpany, and never after-
ward did it, or the British nation, which it had
so ably represented, recover supremacy in Ore-
gon. Morally the contest was ended, and Oregon
was Americanized.

■^■m-i^

118

utsronr of oREmm.

GIIAPTEU XIII.

IMMIOUATIONS.

GkKMS (IF ( •l.'W.ON lIlSIOKY — (jl'KSIION UK ImMIiUJATION L)|.S('I'HSKI> — ^HaM. J. IvFCLI.KV — -IIiaMK.
MillilAI. TO CdNORESS SocIETY ORGANIZED — li'S J'l.AN ( )uTr.lNEl>— K KLLEV's EfFOBTS TO Ol'KN

TuAiiK — Ilia Failure — [''kom 1835 to 1841 — Immiguatidn of 1841 -Americans — EIudwin's

BaV EMUiRATION OK 1842 — lis Im I'ORTANI'E - - Du. K. WuiTE— ^-UtIIER ImI'oUTANT (,'i1 ARACTEUS

— iMii. CiJAWKouii's Story- -Immigration m' 1843— -Its iMi-oKtANT Place in History — Causes
THAT hu'Ki.i.Ei) It — Genekai. Direction of Negotiations — Imitlse of Emkiuation.

il ■]

1 r 1

JjFN tln' story of etiiigration to the I'licitic coast
^1 from tlie Atlantic seaport and the valleys of
^ the Oliio, Alisfcissippi and Missouri rivers,
Mie fouiHl tiie real geriiia of Oregon history.
Thi're is in this story a romance of entiMprise,
patriotism, adventure and amhition, linely illus-
trating tlie geniuB of the American people a^^ it
hasexhihited itself si'u-e Jamestown in the South
and I'lymuuth Uock in the Ncjrth hecame the
early altars of its consecration to tlie service of
suhdiiiiiu; a wild continent, and building u|)
within it a s|)lendid empire of liberty. It was
only a continuation of the activity of that genius
of free coiKiuest that first sent the hard}' sons
and dau<i;hters of I'lymouth out over the Hud-
son and Genesee, and over the plains of western
New York and Ohio, and the not less hardy
and more volatile sons and daughters of , lames-
town over the Alleghanies and down across the
lilue and green hills and vales of Ketituckv and
Tennessee to the shores of the Mississiiipi even
before the Uevolutionary war had ceased to echo
on the hills of the Cai'olinas. It is not necessary
to claim that these who passed, in the '30s and
'40s, the gates of the Rocky tnoiintains were
greater and nobler than thos(i who, before the
beginning of the century, had forced those of
the Alleghanies to give these a title to all the
honor that bravery and hardihood and patrio't-
ism can possibly confer upon mortals. It were
honor enough that these sons were worthy of
their sires, and that the daughters, whoso pres-

ence graced and illmiiinated the mountain biv-
ouacs of a two or three thousand miles emi-
urant's trail to Orejjon.and were the lone settler's
cabin's chief charm and glory on the |)rairie
shores of the Willamette during the decade of
1840 and 1850, were worthy of the mothers
whose company was alike the joys and inspira-
tion of the two or three hundred mile's trail to
the ; Hiio and the Tennessee in the decades of
1790 and 1800. There was, indeed, -jre of
danger and more of deprivation in tlii^ earlier than
in the later hegira, but both fully paralleled any
great conquering movement of luimrtiiity in any
jKMMod of the world's history. It' there was in
these less of the noise of battles, and less (jf the
bannered heraldry of war, there was not neces-
sarily less of real victory, but rather the moro,
for the victories of peace arc always nobler than
those of war. An American must needs dwell
with jieculiar pride on the fact that this great
resistless on-sweeping How westward of the most
strongly impulsed of the great mass of the " com-
mon people" of this continent, was what tinall)'
settled the most vexing and troublesome (jues-
tions of international dispute that tliis country
ever encountered. Diplomacy must needs wait
on emigration, and a nation's claim must wait
on the people's poBSbsaion. Nothing can bo
settled with the people. The grants of kings,
long since discrowned the edicts of parliaments
in capitals far beyond the seas, the charters of
corporatiiins and companies given by assumed

H.W.

uisronv or dukoon-

117

owners (iro nothiiiji;. It is tlie people tlmt aspiire
iiltimrttely all (jliiiiiiB and pretenccH by tlieirouii
presence anil will and work. So it was in On!-
gon; anil in trailing the history of Orej^on im-
migration we trace the movement of the people
that Hnally and potentially settled all "Oref^on
<(ne!'ticnis, '' and yave the United States her most
miignitieent seaboard and her fairest and Tiiost
fruitful realm.

The (jnc-tion of the posBibility of peoplinjj;
Oregon by emigration was settled by a move-
ment that was somtiwhat beyond thecalcnlations
of the mere jiolitical economist. It was the
religions, the missioiiftry, the faith element that
opened the way, not as an end, bat as a result of
its adventure. The subject of emigration to tiie
I'acific coast had been long debated in the East-
ern States, but until these avant couriers had
actually, in a single summer, passed to the
western shores, it was deemed impracticable,
impossible. In ISOA-lhOS-lSOO Lewis and
Clarke and their company of men, schooled in
the hardest discipline of wood-craft, had needed
three or fonr years to make the journey and re-
turn. In 1810 and 1811 Nelson Price Hunt,
with the lainl portion of John Jacob Astor's
great mercantile association, b.ad suffered famine,
starvation, almost death in the wild mountains
and amid the thirsty deserts of Snake river, and
hail finally reached the month of the Columbia,
more dead than alive, after two seasons of the
most desperate efl'ort. To carry women and
children and household goods and gods over such
inountuins and across such deserts was felt to be
the scheme of enthusiasts. Still the enthusiasts
were right, and their enthusiasm, as is often
the case, was the hiijhest and most foresiithted
reason.

The first effort, of which we can find any
record, to indtice emigration to Oregon was
maile in 1817, and was made liy Hall J. Kelley,
of Boston. The question of the restoration of
Astoria to the United States, under the provi-
sions of the treaty of Ghent, was then pendinjr
between the United States and (treat Britain,
and Mr. Kelley, with the instinct of true states-

mnnship, nrged the immediate occupation of the
country in dispute by American settlers. There
was no reponse, and yet, nnilismayed, he con-
tinued his a|)peals and elfort!* until, in 1829, he
organizeil a company called "The American
Society for tl.e Settlement of the Oregon Terri-
tory." which was incorjiorateil by the Legislature
of Massachusetts. In 1S31 the soci(!ty presenteil
a menmriid to Congress, ably setting forth its
designs, dcrscribing the beauty and value of the
country, showing the evident designs of (-ireat
Hritain upon it, and closing with this rather
rennu'kable and impressive appeal:

" Now therefore your nieniorialists, in behalf
of a large nnmber of the citizens of the United
States, would respectfully ask Congress to assist
them in carrying into operation the great pur-
pose of their institution; to grant tlunn troo|)s,
artillery, military arms and nninitiims of war,
for the security of the contemplated settlement;
to incorporate their society with the power to
extinguish the Indian title to such tracks and
extent of territory, at the month of the Colum-
bia and the junction of the Mnltnomah with the
Columbia, as may be adequate to the laudable
aim and pursuits of the settlors, and with sindi
other rights, powers, rights and immunities as
may be at least equal and concurrent to those given
by Parliament to the Hudson's Hay Company;
and such as are not repugnant tc the stipula-
tions of the convention made between Great
Britain and the United States, when it was
agreed that any country on the Northwest coast
of America to be westward of the Rocky
mountains, should bo free and open to the citi-
zens and subjects of the two powers for a term
of years ; and to grant them such other rights
and ])rivilege8 as may contribute to the means
of estai)lishing a respectable and prosperons
community."

Congress gave no heed to this j)rayer; whether
wisely or unwisely may bo subject of debate.
Whether its non-action deferred or changed the
ultimate decision of the " Oregon question " can-
not be told. The writer is inclined to the opinion
that the time had not come for decisive measures.

IIM

IIISlOllY ilF illtKdDN.

TIlRt lit tllid jllllCtlll'O till! lulviuitii^us of tliu
Bitimtinn wero witli Eiijj;liiii(l iiistoiul ol the
IJniteJ Stiitf-, mill Imii^IiuhI whs liutter |ii'ejmi't'iJ
to assert iiiid iniiintiiin Ikm' niitlioi'ify uvor Oru-
^oii then thiiii Wiis thu Initiil IStiites. While,
tiiiM'ut'iii'o, Mr. KcUey's theory was wise anil
stiiti'siniinlikc, ami the unly uiif that ccuhl iilti-
iimti'ly win, the tiiiu' luui nut yet euiiie for the
derisive action l>y (Jon;;ress that was asked in
till! petition. 'I'he •• Society," however was not
discotiraj^ed. Mr. Kelley was appointed ita
f/eneral ai^eiit, mid continued his enthusiHStie
etl'orts and ajipeals. In 1881, Mr. Kelley, for
the society iesiied a •• circular '" to pertoiia de-
siring to unite in an •' Orej^on settlement to be
coiiiiiieiiced in the sjirinj; of 1832, on the de-
lightful and fertile banks of the Colllliibia
river." The circular stated that; •• It has been
coiiteniplated for iiiiiny years to settle with the
free and enlightened but redundant |)Opulntion
from the American Republic, that portion of
her territory called Oregon, bounded on tlie
I'acitic ocean and lying between the forty-sec-
ond and forty-nintii jiarallols of north latitude."

The plan of the company thus outlined was to
have been carried into effect in 1832, iiut the
failure of Cungress to provide for any assistance
for the enterprise caused it to be abandoned for
that year. One of its agents however, Mr. Na-
thaniel .1. Wyetli, of whose history and work
mention is made elsewhere in this history, did
cross the continent with a small body of lioston
men in 1833 and returned the following year
to prepare for a lar^e personal venture in the
line of eiiiiirration ami trade. So clearly diil
,Mr. Kelley coinpieiiend the geograpldcal and
commercial relations of Oregon at that time
that be had laid out upon paper, splendid city
plats at the month of the Columbia, where As-
toria now is, and at the junction of the Midt-
noinali — or Willamette — and the Columbia
river where I'ortland tiiiw is, and in these cities
yet to be, each emigrant was to have a "town
lot," and Bomewliere else a farm.

Mr. Ivelley's personal connection with Oregon
was but slight and short, attempting to freight

a vessel and fuiiing, he sought to open avcniioH
of overland trade through Mexico whose
revenue otlicers conliscated the greater jiart of
his goods. He finally readied Vancouver Oc-
tober 15, 1834. His health soon failed and in
March, 1830, he departed for liis home having,
lost $'](),()!)() in his elforts to eoloni/.e Oregon.
Ijiit while losing this he gained a place in IiIb-
tory, and his name is gratefully mentioned as
the earliest and one of the truest friends of the
"Americanization of Oregon." No history of
Oregon can be written that does not thus record
the name of Hall. I. Kelley. Many nion have
found a much lower place in history at much
greater cost and effort, so that, to him, his Hnan-
cial loss for Oregon was moral and historic gain
for himself.

Kroin 1830 to 1841 there was little that
might be called immigration into Oregon. True
various missionary comjianies arrived in the
conntry, as noted elsewhere, but few of these
contemplated at tirst a permanent residence, al-
though many of the persons comprising these
companies did finally remain anil took place
among the most intelligent, jiatriotic and enter-
prising citizens. Also quite a number of per-
sons, who had formerly been connected with the
various trapping and trading companies in the
Itocky mountain regions had grown tired of
their percarions and dangerous employment, and
came down into the Willamette valley and set-
tled upon land claims. Some of these, too, held
honorable and useful places in the subsefjiient
history of the country, and did much to help for-
ward the cause of the Americanization of Oregon.
The records of both these classes will appear in
there jtroju'r places in this history.

in the autumn of 1841 the iirst regular emi-
gration to the Willamette valley, consisting of
111 persoi.s came through the fastnesses of the
mountains, thus nearly doubling the white pop-
ulation of the country at once. Pndiably at the
end of 1841, in all the region that now consti-
tntes the States of Oregon, Washington and
Idaho, there were not over 300 wdiites, not
counting those connected with the Hudsoirs

du;==

ffisfonr OF oRKonN.

IIH

liiiy ('oiiipiinv. Tlic uinignttidii of tliis yeur.
bclieviiic^ it iiii|)()Hsil)l(' to ('rot's the iiiouiitiiinn
with wiii^oiiB, iiimh- no iitti;iiipt todoso. hut per-
formed the JaborioUB journey "f 2,()U() miles
from the Missoiiri frontic^r on horsehiiek. Ilow
tiicy ('Diild inive lieun so misled in rei^ard to the
difficulties of the way wppeiirs a mystery, since
nonnevillo eijjht years het'iire, and Dr. Whit-
man six years before, had each taken wagons
far beyond tiie ereete of tiie liockies, and
the American I''iir (Company had freiiuently
taken them as far as Mink river, but a little
eastward of the crest, lint as they were misled, so
determined was their purpose of emiirration that
they cheerfully performed thi; herculean task of
packing all their goods on horses and mules,
loading and unloadinir them morning and eve-
ning, for the entire 2,000 miles.

Meantime while the first spray of the rolling
sea of American emigrants that was soon to
follow was touching the shores of Oregon, the
Hudson's Bay Company, seeinjr the danger to
their own j)urpo8Cs of permitting the people of
the United States to gain a preponderance in Ore-
gon, organized a scheme of emigration from
thrdr own Red river colonies. Sir George Simp-
son, governorof the Hudson's Hay Company, who
crossed the country from Montreal to Vancouver
during tho summer of IS-tl, described thisemi-
gi'ation as consisting of twenty-three families,
the heads being generally young and active."
They reached Vancouver in September, and
were located by the company near their ('owlitz
farm, in the vicinity of the head of Puget .•jound.
Quite a number of them, being dissatisfied with
their location, moved the next year to the Wil-
lamette valley, notwithstanding the desire bf the
company to strengthen the pretensions of Great
Britain to the country north of the Columbia
river by retaining them there.

The emigration of 1842,fbr various reasons,
took a very important place in the early history
of Oregon. It consisted of only 109 persons
in all, but nearly half of them were adult.s, and
many of these were men who sut)se(piently at-
tained considerable prominence in the country

and coiitriluiled not a lilth; to ils prohperity.
With this compar.y came l)r. Klijah White,
who bore a commission as »ub Imlian agent l'<>r
till' region west of the iiocky mountains, ami
has the historical distinction ul being the lirst
commissioned representative of the ( iovcrnnierit
of the United States resident in < )rcgon. |)r.
White's place in Oregon history is smnewhat
nnicjue. He came to the country tir.-t a* a
physician to the Nfethodist mission, but on ac-
count of a disagreement witli its superintendent,
Ilev. .lason Lee, and with other memiicrs of the
mission, returned to the Eastern States. His
residence of some years in Oregon and his giMi-
eral intelligence in regaril to the country itself,
nmde it easy for him to secure the attention of
the (iovernment, and, though his mental and
moral characteristics did not commend him to
the people of Oregon, he now returns commis-
sioned to the most important place in the col-
ony. While Ur. White jiersonallv was obnox-
ious to many of the people whose relations to
the Indian tribes ho was to arbitrate, yet the
fact that ho returned bearing a Government
commission went far tf( reconcile the people
toward him, as it was a proof that the Govern-
ment was not entirely forgetful of the feeble
Pacific colony, however slow it seemed to be in
asserting its interest in them. He had also
been one of the main promoters of the emigra-
tion, using his prominence as an appointee of
the Government to gain recruits to the standard
of emigration, and the people wore gratefully
glad for any influence that added white faces to
the dark visage of humanity on the western
coast. So, much of the antipathy of the people
to Dr. White as a man and a missionary, was
allowed to slumber, or was ke[»t out of sight,
and the good he could do them as an officer of
the (Tovernment the rather .thought of. Tho
justice of liistory, which neither criticises with
prejudice nor praises with partiality, compels
the statement that his work was often nseful to
the rising commonwealth, although on the
whole he sadly disap])ointed the hopes, if not
the expectations, of the people of Oregon.

I <

L» I

I.M)

JllSTOlO ('A (lUh:iH).\.

With thin etnigration e»tn« L. \V. IIii8tiMg«
iiml A. L. I.ovfjov, two 111. 'II \vli<i liiMMiiu: [iroiii-
iiii'iit ill till- history of the IVnilory, Hinl iiltto
!•'. X. MattliiiMi iind iMimIdi'iiid Cnivvt'onl, inoii
wiio for liiilf 11 century in tiic political iiini I'ivii
lilt' of Orc^joii nxi'i'cisi'il ii iiiojclin^ ami suliitary |
iiilliiunci'. I

As tliirt was thp first iMiiiffiation lliat attcin|itiMl I
tlic entire journey to ()rt'o;on witli \v«j.'ons, it is
proper tlmt we let one of its niiiiiher, lion, Me-
(loriiiii Cj'rawfonl, tell a part of tlie story of the
journey in \\\6 own way, |)reiiiisiiii^ tiiat at
(treuii river it was deuniuil hest to diRinantle
half tlie wa^'oiiH and resort to tlie iiior(< prim-
itive iiietiiod of paefiiiij; for tlie remainder of
the journey. Of the journey froih Oreon river
Mr. ('rawford says:

•■ Horses, inuleo and oxen were pac.iied witii
such clothiiijr, utensils and provisions as were
iiidispeiisai)ie for our daily wants, and with
heavy iiearts many artioles of coinfort and con-
venience wiiich had h jeii carefully carried and
eared for duriii;; the loni^ journey were left Ik;-
hind. About the Miiddle id' Angnst we arrived
at Fort Hall, then an iinportant tradinj^ post
helongiii^ to ilie lliidsoirs l>ay < /oiiipuny. From
Captain (rrant, his otlicers and employes we
received such favors and assistance as can only
he apjireeiated hy worn-out and destitute emi-
grants. Here the remaining wagons were left,
and our coMi]iany, no longer attempting to keep
up an organization, divideil into small parties,
each traveling as fast as their cireumstances
would permit, following the well-beaten trail of
the Hudson's Hay t'ompany from Fort Hall to
Walla Walla, now Wallula. The small party
to which I was attached was one month travel-
ing from Fort Hall to Dr. Whitman's, where
we were most hospitaiily reccive<i, and stipplied
with tlour and vegetable.s in abundance, a very
acceptable chanrfe after subsisting almost en-
tirely on butl'alo meat from Fort Laramie to
Fort Hall, and on salmon from !''ort Hall to
Whitman's. In fact there had not been in any
mess a mouthful of bread since leaving Laramie.

•• From Walla Walla Dr. White and some

others took passage down the Coliiiiibia river
on the Hudson's I'liv Coiiipaiiy's lioats or ca-
noes, and still others, and the larger portion of
the emigriiiits, (grossed the ('useuile inountaiiiA
oil tilt! <ild liidiup trail. I''rom Foi t Hall to tlio
Willamette no precaution was taken against,
nor slightest apprehension felt of, Indian hostil-
ity; nor were we in any instance molested by
them; on the contrary they fiirnishud us with
salmon and game, hikI rendered us valuable as-
sistance for very trilling rewards. From Walla
Walla to the Willamette falls occupied about
twenty days, and, all things considered, was thu
hanlest part of the entire jouriu^y what with
the drifting sands, rocky dill's and rapid slrea lis
along the (.'oliimbia river, and the gorges, tor-
rents and thickets of the Cascade ni luntaiiis, it
seems incredilile how, with our worn-out and
emaciated animals, we over reachod our des-
tination. ''

Those who in later ye.ars and under more
favorable conditions traversed the same road,
when they read this description of the disor-
ganized and careless journey of the eniigratioii
of 1842 Wonder how a single one of that com-
pany survived t'u pi.'rils of that 1,000 miles
journey from Fort Ii' II to the Willamette set-
tlements arising froiii Indian hostilities, la(d< of
food, and the ii.'t'jiital dangers of wilderness
travel. Thai Huy did seems little less than a
miracle.

When this immigrant company had become
blended with the former wdiite jiopulatioii, the
entire census of Oregon showed less than oOO
souls.

In the history of iiiimigration into Oregon
we come now to the one that, historically, has
had greater prominence and wider consideration
than any other, namely, that of iS-tiJ. It will
require a somewhat broader treatment than any
other, because so many j)ersonal elements have
entered into its consideration, and because some
names, dear to the people of Oregon and of the
whole country, were identified with it, — There
has been much controvertiy about the part
played in its history by Dr. Whitman, and many

nisruHY Oh' oimnoN.

I '.'I

of the iilili'Ht wi'itcri* of tlio cimnt Imvi- vontiiriMl
liistdi-y mid ci'iticMr.:!! iiiiil i)|iiiiiiiii ii|)iiii it, -per-
liii[m all tiii;_'i'il, Mioic or Ic-is, willi tii- lilies of
roiiiiinci', wliicii tlio ii(!tn ol' bo ciiivMlroiin and
(letfriiiintMl a leiuli'i' «« Dr. Wliilmim wen' well
ciilciiliitt'd to throw ovc: it. It cuiiu'. too. in
the urihiK of our initi(.nal e<)ntro\-erny >vitli (ireut
Jtritain in rugaril to the ovvnernliip and lioiiml-
niv of Oregon, ami neeiiicd, at least, to a riiper-
ficial ohservati' i, the decisive factor in its de-
toriniiiRtiriTi in I'uvor of the United Htates. For
these reasons it hecoines necessary to discnss
both tile motives atid the facts that dL-tinyiiished
this above all other iinniignitioim. In doing ho
wi! shall endeavor to leave out of slight claims
made, for the first time, liy writers a ([iiarter of
II century after the events recoriled tranHpiretl,
eonct'ived, it may i)e, under the influeiK'c ot' very
jiartial rrienilslii|) ami coni|iaiiionshi|i: or if not
that then in the prejudice of opposition and por-
Honal rivalry, either of which cannot assist care-
ful and judicial historic conclusions. Only as
wu carefully mark the trend of events and dis-
ffufsions relatini; to Oregon, both in Orejjon it-
self and the Kastern States, around the firesides
of the people and in the halls of ConijresR, and
study them in relation to the philosophy of
iiiimau action as we understand it, can we arrive
nt a just and satisfactory conclusion. And, in
writing the history of the inimiifration of 1843,
if we cannot write thus it will ho iin|ios8ible to
give any adequate and proper understanding of
it. First of all, then, the causes that impelled it.
With the conclusion of the treaty between
Great I'ritain and the United States, which ter-
minated in an agreement of "joint oi'cupancv"
of th.o country by the citizens of tlu' two powers
with equal rights and privileges, the public
luind in the United States settled into the con-
clusion that the ultimate ownership of Oregon
Would be determined by real occupancy. It was
tolerably evi<leiit that the peojile, whether Eng-
lish or American, would decide the question
that negotiation could not settle, and that neither
party felt willing to sulimit to the decision of
arms, on the soil of Oregon itself that homes

ami herds, plows and faetoriiis, schoidhoiiHes and
cliiirclies, woulil become the dotormiiiing factors
ill the coiitliel. In the light of this coiicjusioii
the imniiiifiation of IM.?. far more than those
preceding them, must bestudie<l.

The people of the western fro-itier had be-
come familiar with Oregon. The praises of its
mild climate ami the stories of its wonderful
productiveness had been recited in their oars by
returning travelers and adventurers, and many
of their own kinsnien hail already settled in if
and written back tlu^ same wonderful recitals.
In coii>equence the fronticsmen who arejilways
trtiinbling with the excitement and l(i\eofad
venture, felt the thrill of desire to try the en-
ticing journey — enticing to them because of
its very perils — to the better land and brighter
clime lieyond the wesiern mountains. I'esides
the "Oregon Bills," which lii'.d been introduceil
into Congress by Senator Liiiii. of Missouri, in
the fail of 184:2, makiiii; provision for the e>tab.
lir-hitient of a line of -'stockaded forts from some
point on the Missouri and Arkansas rivers into
the best pass for entering the valley of the Ore
gon; and, also at or near the mouth of the Co-
luml)ia river;" and also to "secui;^ the grant of
640 acres of land to every white male inhabitant
of the Territorv of Oreifoii, of the aw of eii'ht-

. f^ s^ D

een years and upward," besides other provisions
highly advantageous io the settlers, had given
assurances to the people that their action in re-
moving to and settling in Oregon would cer-
tainly recei\'-' the strong support of theGovern-
ment.

The course of negotiation on the part of the
Government relating to Oregon had been such
before this time? that this proposed movenient
by Congress cftme not too soon, nor was it too
favorable for the end desired. L;'*^ us glance at
that course for a moment:

The general direction of the treaty stipula-
tions into which our Government had entered
with that of Great Britain in regard to Oregon
was plainly, in its result, inimici! lo the inter-
ests of the United States. The first great false
step was tJie " treaty of joint occupancy," as it

ih i

122

nrsTOHY OF nuEnoN.

>i ,■

Wiis uallcil, ill l.Sl">, iiiulor tlu' adiiiiiiistratioiiof
Ml', ^[■)lll•ll(^ liy \.liicli, ill clKfC't. our Govern-
iiu'iit put into the liaiids of the Ilinlson's Jjiiy
Coiiipiuiy, whieii aliviicly lliiiii<('ii the country,
the ])o\ver and right by treaty to enter into it
with their driUcil and armed •' servants," and
took from itselt tlie riirjit to enter any protest
against tliat really ai'inecl invnsion. That treaty
was for ten years, and expired by limitation in
iS'iS, and in that year by another treaty tlie
provisions of tin; former were extended tintil
one oi' the other i)arty should give notice for its
teriiiiniftion. This was, if |)Ossible. a greater
blunder than the former, for it perpetuated
what else were dead by limitation, and made all
>ubse(juent action ninch more ditlicult and for-
midable. Then the Ashburton ne<:;otiiition.
whieii delined the boundary lietw"en the
I Hi ted State:- and Canada as far west ais the
siinimit of the Rocky mountains, should, and
iinijiiestionably niii^ht, have been pressed to a
Settlement of that boundary to the Pacitie ocoan
on the same degree of latitude, namely, the
forty- ninth. Then, most unphilosoplii' and
unreasonable of all, came President Tyler's rec-
ommendation to discountenance emigration to
Ori'non, by withholding land from the emiiirants
until the two Governments had settled the title
— a contingency too distant and doubtful to be
counted on. and wliich could only inure to the
adval'taJ^e of the Iluilson's Day Comj)any, re-
presenting, and in that sense personating, (rreat
iiritaiii. Tin's, by a course of vacillation and
timidity, if not incompetency, the Goverrmient
put in iinii;inent peril its title to Oregon, and
nearly lost the stars of our great Northwestern
States from the banner of our National Union.

jiut in America the people are always greater
than the (Government, and they took U|) the
work of saving what the (io\ernment had so
nearly lost, and they sueeee<led where it had
failed.

All these facts and influences converRcd at
once on the minds of the people in the autumn
of 1S42. The newspapers of the land heralded
them everywhere. Oregon, the title of the

United States to it and the purpose of Mnmigra-
tion into it, both as a personal and j)atriatic im-
pidse, was the theme of conversation in the
cabins of the frontiersmen of the West and in
the homes of the East. The writer heard it,
talked it, felt it in his home in central New
York. It was everywhere; an impulse, an iti-
spiration, a movement of the great heart of the
American people. By and by we shall sec its
o\itcome.

Coincident with this impulse toward Oregon,
which was moving tlie heart of the East, Ore-
gon itself was thrilling with the same interest
for her own destiny. Tiio emigrants of fornior
years were writing flaming and exciting letters
to their friends in the East. The missionaries,
both of the Methodist and American Boanls, as
well as the independent missionaries, filled
column after column of the great church papers
in the Eastern citie<> with religious and patriotic
appeals. Eor the number of its jieople at that
time, no new country, if ever any old country,
had a larger number of men of marked ai)ility
and high character than Oregon. Among tlie
immigrant civilians were those already iiaiued
in this chapter witli others, with such laynion
in the mission work as Whitman. Abernethy,
Gray, Cam])b(>ll; and in the ministerial field such
men as Lee, Leslie, Walker, (iritfin, Ilines,
Waller, Eels,' and others, all of whom were men
before they wore missionaries, and Americans
before they were churchmen. These were all
employed from within Oregon itself in awakcm-
ing. by ttieir private correspondence and their
published letters, a widespread public interest
in all the nation on the "Oregon (juestion,"
and thus it became the question of the hour.
These reasons alone are sufficient to account
for the large emigration that stood on the banks
of the Missouri river in the early spring of 1843
with their faces looking toward Oregon.

Still tliei'e was one personal i'lcidorit. and one
person having such a romantic, if not su'jli a
vital, ctmnection with (his emigrarion as to re-
ipiire a candid and somewhat extended discus-
sion befero we consitler the emigration itself,

BISTORT OF OREOON.

123

Tlmt povBoii WU8 Dr. Marcus Wliitiimn,and tlie in-
ciileiit was of his perilous winter's ride over tlie
frozen deserts and tliroiigii tlic snow- blocked
mountain passes, from his mission station near
Fort Walla Walla to St. Louis, with tlie purpose
of awaking the Government of the United States
to some just idea of the value of Oregon, and of
the danger of its alienation, as well as to organize
and lead back an emigration to take possession of
tiie country as settlers in tlie interest of its
Americanization. While something of romance
has been thrown about this "ride,"' — and it may
have been invested by sorne writers with greater
results than it really accomplished, — -it was cer-
tainly a bold and romantic venture, and its re-
sults entitle Dr. Whitman to a unique place in
the histoiy of Oregon. Narrated as briefly as
possible, the facts of his journey seem to be
about these:

His work among the Indians, like all the In-
dian missionary work in Oregon, had proved a
comparative failure. The board under whose
direction he wrought having become dissatisfied
with the meager rRsiilts of that work, had de-
cided to abandon that station and had given di-
rections accordingly. Dr. Whitman tlisagroed
with the jiulgmcTit if the board, and sought
the approval of bis fellow-missionaries in the-
field of his desire to return to the States, and
represent boforo the board the importance of
continuing it. At'ier some delay, and the ex-
hibition of a determination on his part to go
with or without their approval, their consent
was given, liUd October 3, 1842, fixed as the
time for his departure.

.Meanwhile the subject of the struggle be-
tween the Unitetl States and Great Britain for
the actual possession of Oregon was at its
height. Dr. Whitman was an ii\ten8e Ameri-
can, and must have felt keenly the need of
early and eai-nest action in behalf of his own
country. lie couhi be of great value to Ore-
gon, coming first from the field, and possibly
put the Government into trtier relations to the
ijuestions pending than any mini then in Wash-
ington, besides, at this juncture the emigra-

tion of 1842 was arriving, and the tenor of the
news they brought was that negotiations look-
ing to the surrender of a part or the wholes of
Oregon to Great Britain, in consideration of
certain privileges and rights on the fishing
banks of Newfoundland, were pending in Wash-
ington. This added new force to Dr. Whit-
man's resolution, and unquestionably broadened
the purpose of his own inind in his journey.
l5i:t, it is worthy of remark that, before this
intelligence from the emigrants had reached
him, his plans were formed and the date cf his
departure fixed. Circumstances enabled him to
anticipate that date by a couple of days, — an im-
portant consideration to his journey, as winter
was already near at hand. While, therefore,
the intelligence brought i)y the emigration
served to confirm Dr. Whitman in the '.fisdom
of the resolution ho had taken, it could not
have been the reason of that resolution, as some
writers have endeavored to make it appear.
Nor does this in aiiy manner depreciate the
value of the services of Dr. Whitman to Ore-
gon, nor detract from his true fame as one of
the most devoted of missionaries the most
patriotic of citizens, and the most noble and
chivalric of men.

Sj)ace cannot be given to the details of Dr.
Whitman's winter journey over the Rocky
mountains to St. Louis; yot as it has a connec-
tion with the history of the emigration of 1843,
and incidentally with Oregon history in a broader
sense, some notice of it must be given.

On the 3d of October, with a single com-
panion, he left his mission station at Waulitpii,
on the Walla Walla river, about, twenty-five
miles from the Hudson Bay fort, and began
his [)erilou8 ride. His companion was Mr.
Abbot Lawrence Lovejoy, a Massachusetts man,
as his name snfKciently indicates, who was a
member of the immigration of that season, and
had only reached Waulitpu about a week be-
fore. Ho was young and vigorous, of compact
and sinewy form and well adapted to brave the
liardshijis that were before him. The writer
had a somewhat intimate acquaintance with Mr,

\M\

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1 'Hi'

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1 :m-

1 m

i ^9 1

f *"

(

;

li^

3 I; ,|

i I

134

iiisronr of ouegon.

Lovejoy siilibL'iiHuntly, tor at least twenty-five
yeiii's, and oituii con versed witli him in roi^anl
to IJr. Whitman's mission to the East at that
time, and tlie cireiimstances attending tlieir
journey. Dr. Whit^man himself left no record of
it, 80 that Mr. Lovejoy's is its authentic story.
According to that account, after leaving Wau-
litpn they traveled rapidly through tiie J31iie
mountains and n|( the valley of the Snake river,
reachinj; Fort Ilall, a distance of 400 miles, in
ehnen days, or on the 14th of October. Here
tlie. direct line of travel, as ])ursuei] by the
emigrants who had made a plain waj^on road
to tiie NEissonri river, which led over compara-
tively low mountain spin's until it reached the
hij;li mountain plain that borders Green river,
and then throuij;li the wide depression in the
itoclcy mountains known as the "South Pass,"
thence directly down the waters of I'iatte river
to the Missouri. For some reason the Doctor,
instead of following the beaten road, which
would have taken him at his rate of travel be-
yoiul the South I'ass in two weeks from Fort
Hall, took a more southern route, via Salt'Lake,
Taos and Santa Fe, and thence to St. Louis,
'i'his t ' him out of the open way into the
•■■'.' ■•v-K !,!• i ost snowy of the Rocky mouut-
;.c'-. ar.i! ■■ least doubled the necessary travel.
To .vi' the difficulty and danger of the way
selected, the winter storms came on unusually
early. While they were yet involved in the
mountains between Fort Ilall aiu! Fort Uinta,
the snows lay deep around thein, and between
Fort Finta and Fort I'ncfdiipahgre, on the waters
of Granile river, the main eastern branch of the
Colorado, Ih the Sjianish territory and yet
wci-t of the mountain summits, it was hardly
possible for them to make headway. At this
tort they recruited their su))plies, and procuring
a guide starteil I'oi' Taos across the jnain divide
of the Rocky niouu tains, and nearly a thousand
miles by the way of their travel from Fort
Hall. Four or five days from Fort Uncompahgre
they encountered a terrific storm, when tlieir
guide became confused and Dr. Whitman was
compelled to return to Fort Uncompahgrc to

procure a new one, Mr. Lovejoy reniaininj<
alone in thii mountain camp with the animi'ls
for seven days ijcfore his return. Recovering
their way, it was yet thirty days before they
reached Taos, antl they suffered greatly on the
way from cold and scarcity of food, bein^ com-
pelled to use mule meat, ilogs, -inu such other
animals as came in their way. After remain-
ing at Taos a few days they siarted for LJent's
Foil, on the headwaters of the Arkansas river.
Still misfortunes attended the.r way. Desir-
ing to reach IJent's Fort more speedily than his
loaded pack animals could make the journey,
tl;e Doctor selected the best horse, and with
blankets and a little food rode forward alone.
Ill four days Mr. Lovejoy and the guide ar-
rived but the Doctor had not been seen nor
heard of. Mr. liOvejoy returned a hundred
miles on the trail, but could only hear from the
Indians that a lost white man had been iinjuir-
ing the way to Rent's Fort. About the eii,hth
day from the time he left his companions he
reached the fort, worn, we:iry, and desponding,
as he believed God had bewildered him for
travelinj; on the Sabbath — a thinif tiiat he had
always conscientiously avoided.

Leaving Air. Lovejoy at Rent's Fort, he im-
mediately pushed forward with a company of
mountaineers, and reached St. Louis in Febru-
ary. He had been over four months on the
road. Why he should have left the plain rcjad
leading through a comparatively open country,
fn^e from precipitous mountain ranges, .iver
which he himself had traveled most of it three
times, and taken one so much longer, leading
through the most rugged portion of the Rocky
mountains, and with which he was entirely un-
acijiiainted, lias never been decided.

On reaching St. Louis Dr. Whitman found
that the occasion for his perilous winter's jour-
ney, so far as it related to the matter of ne-
gotiations between (treat Britr.iii and the Fiiico'S
States for the sale of Oregon to t! ■ 'orrner ir;
any way, did not exist. Tlietreat> hetweeii (hu
two powers known as the Webster-A8lii)urton
treaty had been signed on the 'Jlh of August,

YJf,

HISTORY OF ORBGON.

125

mi-'

ii;«Is
ri.ijr
HiL.y
iie
;o;ii-

lior
aiii-
•11 1 's
vor.

-ir-

h\i

'7.,
nth

precediuif, iieiirly two tnoiitliB before his jour-
ney. The Oregon l)oiindary had not heen in-
cluded in tile treaty, nor even discussed liy Mr.
Webster and Mr. Ashburton, representing the
two governments. Consequently the danger of
the loss of Oregon by the United States had
not l)een so itnniinent as he had supposed. His
purpose however was none the less patriotic, nor
his bravery in endeavoring to carry it out the
less admirable, but this fact certainly demon-
strates that all attempts to claim for him the
lionor of saving Oregon to the United States
must prove failures. The danger of losing
Oregon was fully averted by the postponement
of the boundary question. Ilis presence in
Washington, beginning six months after the
treaty was signed, and nearly ' as long after its
ratification by the Senate, could not have in-
fluenced the decision of the question in the re-
motest degree. Nor is there any evidence that
he personally ever made such a claim. Indeed
it is clear that he did not, but that it was made
many years after the occurrences narrated, and
lonu; after his tragic death at the hands of the
Indians had invested his name with the halo of
martyrdom, by those who had been associated
with him in his missionary work, and grew out
of their admiration of his character and their
memory of the purpose that largely actuated
him, as they understood it, in projecting and
performing his celebrated journey. It is not
needful to attempt further explanation of the

claim that was, for a time, strongly current,
tliat Dr. Whitman " alone saved Oregon to
the United States." lie did his part, others
did theirs, but if Dr. Wiiitinan had not lived,
Oregon would have been, as it now is, a great
State of our glorious Union.

On Dr. Whitman's arrival on the frontier he
found that great preparations were being made
for an emigration to Oregon in the opening
spring. The desire and purpose to find a home
in the Willamette valley, the fame of whose
climate and productiveness had already spread
far and wide, was becoming a contagion. Re-
sponding to that sentiment Dr. Whitman wrote
a small pamphlet describing the country and
the route thither, urging people to emigrate
and aesuring them that they could take wagons
through to the Columbia, and promising to
join the emigration and act as its pilot on his
return from the Eastern States. His pamphlet,
added to his personal appeals, added somewhat
to the numbers, and largely to the courage and
confidence of the emigrants, but he was too
late to initiate the great public movement that
resulted in the large emigration of that year, —
hiatorically the most important that ever en-
tered Oregon, as it put such a preponderance
of American people and American sentiment
into Ore'Jon as to assuredly settle the jtositiou
Oregon itself would take in the pending in-
ternational controversy.

-^^€(i:ii)i^-^

TJfeV'

I-.'C.

HISTORY OF OREGON.

CHAPTEH XIV.

S ■

IMMI0UAT10N8, CONTINUED.
Dk. Marcus Whitman — IIis I{ki,atio.. - Emiukation <>k 184-3 — His Winter Jouknky —

GrKAT PuKrAKATIONS KOK EmIGUATIuIv (I)ENTS UK EmKMJATION Mk. NkSMITh'8 AcCOCNT

— .\ Ni:\v Era — Lieutkxant Ficemont's L.^'iiDiTioN — Emigration of 1844— Divided into Com-
panies—Sktti.ement Nuuth of tiie Columbia — Emigration of 1845 — Prominent Memiiers
— A Nkw ituT DisASiKout* Road— Emigration of 1840 — Party Taking a New Route —
Ml'cii Suffi;rin(i — Tiie Donner Party — WA(ioN Road Across the Cascade Mountains —
Caught in the Snows — Winter in the Mountains — -Bari.ow and Rector — -Emigration of
1847 — Vamaui.e Auditions— "Traveling Nursery." '

fHE relation of Dr. ^larcus Wliitnian's
visit to tiie capital of the nation, and iiis
interview witli Mr. Webster, then secre-
tary of State, President Tyler and other public
men, to the emigration of 1843, was not so
direct and powerful as it was to the final cause
of diplomacy on the still pending discussion.
The information he t;ave from his own per-
sotiMJ knowledge of the country, and his strong
asjiurnnce that Oregon could be settled by emi-
gration from the Eastern States passing over
the Rocky mountains on wagons, had a power-
ful effect on the sentiments of onr public men,
and gave new vigor to the action of the friends
of Oregon in Congress. In this way the jonr-
ney of Dr. Whitman, and his presence for a
few mouths in Washington and Hoston, and in
other leading cities of the East, was of great
benefit to the young commonwealth on the
Pacific, and entitle him to the honorable recog-
nition of history.

It is as well, once for all, that we give some
account of the circiiinstaiiees attending the
gathering, de|)arture, and journey of an emi-
gration over the mountains to Oregon, and as
the emigration of 1843 was so ])rominent in
Oregon's early history, we have chosen this as
the place in which to do §o. As to the gather
ing of this emigration on the western frontier
of Missouri we shall permit Hon. J. W. Nes-
mith, a young member of the emigration, after-

ward, for many years, one of the most promi-
nent public men in the Territory and State, and
for si.s years senator in the Congress of the
United States for Oregon, to tell the story in
his own well-cho.sen words, lie says:

" Without orders from any quarter, and with-
out preconcert, promptly as the grass began to
start, the emigrants began to assemble near In-
dependence, at a place called Fitzhiie's Mill.
On the seventeentli day of May, 1848, notices
were circulated through tlie different encamp-
ments that on the succeeding day those who
contemplated emigrating to Oregon would meet
at a designated point to organize. Promptly at
the appointed hour the motley groups assembled.
They consisted of people from all the States
and Territories, and nearly all nationalities,
the most, however, from Arkansas, Illinois,
Missouri anil Iowa, an<i all .strangers to one
anotlier. but impressed with some crude idea
that there existed ?ome imperative necessity
for some kind of an organization for mu-
tual protection against the hostile Indians in-
habiting the great unknown wilderness stretch-
ing away to the shores of the Pacific, and which
they were about to traverse with their wives
and children, household goods and all their
earthly possessions.

"Many of the emigrants were from the west-
ern tier of counties of Missouri, known as the
Platte Purchase, and among them was Peter H.

oBmmam

UIHTOUY OF OliEGON.

137

Burnett, a former merchant, who had abaiiduned
the yardstick and become a lawyer of some
celel)rity for his ability as a sinooth-tonj^ued
advocate. lie suitseqiietitly emij^ratud to Cali-
t'ornia, and was elected the tii-st governor of the
Ooldeii State. Mr. Bnrnett, or as he was fa-
miliarly designated, 'I'^te,-* was called upon
for a spei'-'h. Mounting a log the glibtongued
orator delivered a glowing, florid address. He
commenced by showing his audience that the
tiien western tier of States and Territories was
overcrowded by a redundant population, who had
not sufficient elbow room for the expansion of
their enterprite and genius, and it was a duty they
owed to themselves and posterity to strike out
in search of a more extended Held and a more
genial climate, where the soil yielded the rich-
est return for the slightest amount of cultiva-
tion, where the trees were loaded with perennial
fruit, and where a good substitute for bread,
called La Camash, grew in the ground, Salmon
and other fish crowded the streams, and where
the principal labor of the settlers would be con-
lined to keeping their gardens free from the in-
roads of buffalo, elk, deer, and wild turkeys.
lie appealed to our patriotism by picturing
forth the glorious empire we would establish on
the shores of the Pacific; how, with our trusty
rifles, we would drive out the British usurpers
who claimed the soil, and defend the country
from the advance and pretensions of the Britisli
Lion, and how posterity would honor us for
placing the finest portion of our country under
tlie dominion of the stars and stripes. He con-
cluded by a slight allusion to the hardships and
trials incident to the trip, and dangers to be
encountered from hostile Indians on the route,
and those inhabiting the country whither we
were bound. He furthermore intimated a
desire to look upon the tribe of 'noble red men,'
that the valiant and well-armed crowd around
him could not vanquish in a single encounter.
"Other speeches were made, full of glowing
description of the fair land of promise in the
far-away Oregon, which no one in the assem-
blage had ever seen, and of which not more than

half a dozen had ever read any account. After
the election of Mr. Burnett as captain and
other necessary otHcers, the meeting, as motley
and primitive a one as ever a-jsembled, adjourned
with three cheers for Captain Buinett and Ore-
gon. On the 20th of May, 1843, after a pretty
thorough military organization, wo took up our
line of^ march, with Cajitain John Gantt, an old
army officer who combined the character of
trapper and mountaineer as our guide. Gantt
had, in his wanderings been as far as Green
river, and assured us of the pr.icticability of a
wagon road thus far; Green river, the extent of
our guide's knowledge in tiiat direction, was
not half-way to the Willamette valley, the
then only i:ihabited portion of Oregon. Beyori'l
that we had not the slightest conjecture of the
condition of the country. We went forth
trusting to the future, and would doul)tless
have encountered more difficulties than we ex-
perienced had not Dr. Whitman overtaken us
before we reached the terminus of our guide's
knowledge. He was familiar with t!ie whole
route, and was conttdent that wagons could
pass through the canons and gorges of Snake
river and over the Blue mountains, which the
mountaineers in the vicinity of Fort Hall de-
clared to bo a physical impossibility.

"Captain Grant, then in charge of the Hud-
son's Bay Company at Fort Hall, endeavored to
dissuade us from proceeding farther with our
wagons, and showed us the wagons that the
emigrants of the preceding year had abandoned
as an evidence of the impracticability of our de-
termination. Dr.- Whitman was persistent in his
assertion that wagons could proceed as far as
the grand dalles of the Columbia river, from
which point he asserted they could be taken
down by rafts or batteaux to the Willamette
valley, while our stock could be driven by an
Indian trail over the Cascade mountains near
Mount Ilood. Happily Whitman's advice pre-
vailed and a large number of the wagons with a
portion of the stock did reach Walla Walla and
the dalles, from which points they 'ere taken lo
Willamette the following year. Had we fol-

13a

IirsroilY OF ORKdON.

R 'I ' . !

I . i

» I

lowed (iraiit's advice and iil)imd()iied the cattlo
and wagons nt Fort Hall, niiicli siitferiiig inii«t
hsve eiisiit'il, ns a sulHcifiit ihimiIk-T of tiorses to
CHiry tile women and idiildren of tlie party
could not have Ueeii obtained: besides wagons
and cattle were indisj^ensahle to men expecting
to live by farininfj; a country destitute of such
articles.

"At Fort Hall we fell in ivitli some Cayuse
and Nez I'erces Indians returnincr from tlio
butlalo country, and as it was necessary for Dr.
Whitinriii to precede ns to Walla Walla, lie
recoinniende<l to ns a guide in the person of an
old Cayuso Indian called ' Sticciis.' He was a
faithful old fellow, perfectly familiar with all
the trails and to[)0f!;rapliy of the country from
Fort Hall to the dalles, and although not speak-
ing a word of English, and no one in our party
a word of Cayuse, he succeeded l>y pantomime
in taking us over the roughest wagon route I
ever saw.'"

This quotation from Mr. Nesmith must give
our readers a fair idea of the courage and deter-
mination necL'ssary in this early day to face the
dangers and endure the discomforts of a half
year's journey, with oxen and wagons as the
iinaiis of travel, over the desolate plains and
through the rugged mountains that lay wide
and dark between the Missouri and Willamette
rivers, a distance of a round two thousand miles,
[jiit the daily march over the dusty and sun-
browned leagues, the night's weird bivouac un-
der the stars, the fording of rushing rivers, the
ascent and descent of precipitous mountains, the
lone camp-guard, the thundering stampede of
horses and oxen, the warning and warding off of
Indian attacks, amid the crouching of frightened
children, or the suppressed sobbing of timid
women, these must have been seen and experi
eiiced to be understood as they existed in reality
from 1S41, when emigration began, to 1860,
about which lime the pioneer emigrant era of
Oregon may he considered to have closed.

In the emigration of this year were many
men whose names became very prominently
connected with the history of the country.

Among these may be mentioned the Apple-
gates, Burnett, Cason, Chapintui, Dement, the
Fords, the Garrisons, the Hunters, the Ilowells,
the Mathcneys, McC^arver, Nesmith, Parker,_
and the Waldos. When the company reached
Oregon, bi-sides the gentlemen connected with
the various missionary stations, and fifty or
more of the former Hudson's Bay Company ■
employes, settled on French prairie, there were
resident in Oregon about eight American men,
making in the autumn of 1843, with the newly
arrived emigrants, a total male population of ■
about four hundred, and a total white popula-
tion of not far from two thonsand souls.

The introduction of this number of American
people, many of whom were educated and re-
lined and all of whom were strong in purpose,
and had wealth, both of brain and brawn, lifted
Oregon at once from a camping-ground for fur
hunters and mountain men; and even from a
Held of mere missionary occMipaticy, to the con-
dition of a civil community — a commonwealth
— -with the needs of a community, and with
ability and dispositions to supply those wants.
So the aiitiiinn and emigration of 1843 brought
a new era to Oregon, the era of government,
which will be cj>nsidered in its proper place in
this work.

An incident somewhat connected with the
emigration of this year was the (Tovernment ex-
ploring ex|)edition under the command of Lieu-
tenant John C. Fremont. Mr. Fremont had,
the year before, won some laurels as an explorer
in a tour as far westward as the summit of the
Rocky mountains, and his reports to the Govern-
ment had contributed to the interest in the
farthest west beginning to be felt all over the
United States. This year he was ordered to
connect his explorations with the topographical
surveys of Lieutenant Wilkes, of the navy, in
the valley of the Columbia river. His route
gonefally lay on the same line of travel as the
rotul of the emigrants, although he made some
detours from it. Scientifically and topograph-
ically he added something by his reports to pub-
lic knowledge in relation to the country over

ma^

aibKlHY OK OllKQON.

I'JO

\pple-

it, the
>wx'lls,
'arker,_
'Hclied
with
fty or
npaiiy
were
in en,
newly
ion of •
)pnla-

whicli lie traveled, though pra'!ti''ally as a
"pKthfin<ler," under which title lie and his
fiionde elaimed much for him, be siin])ly fol-
lowed the plain way marked out for him liy the
mountaineers first, and by the inisHionai'ies and
eniif^rants afterward. lie traveled behind the
emigration of the year, and thus in exploration,
as well a^• in actual occupation of the coun-
try, the Government was behind the jjeople.
From the vicinity of Fort Hall his company
moved directly down the emigrant road to the
dalles of the Columbia, wliere he left liis com-
mand, visited Vancouver himself, and after re-
maining a few days in company with the gentle-
men of the Hudson's Ray Company, returned
to that place. With his company he then turned
southward along the eastern base of the Cascade
mountains, and in January, 1844, crossed Che
sununit of the Sierras, about where the
Central I'acificnow passes, to Sutter's Fort, in
Sacramento valley. This was all that Mr. Fre-
mont did as a " pathfinder " in and for Oregon.
The honor of finding and making the way for
the wagons of the emigrants belongs not to him,
nor indeed to any one man who can be named,
but to the known and unknown " people,"
whose impulses of conquest pushed them west-
ward with the " course of the empire," until
the sea stayed their conquering advance.. If
history thus discrowns buckram heroes, it
laurels the brow of humanity, which is always
greater tlian any man.

The impulse of emigration to Oregon did not
exhaust itself in 1843. The last emigrant wagon
of that year had hardly disappeared westward of
Missouri befoiv the frontier was astir again with
moving preparations for the emigration of 1844.
This was nearly as great as that of the preceding
year. It added about 800 to the American
population of Oregon, 234 of them strong, able-
bodied men. The emigration of 1848 came in
a single column, under one captain, and with a
semi-military organization. That of 1844 started
from various points, under different leaders, and
divided up more a'nd more as it jjrogressed on
he journey. This greatly added to the ease

and facility of travel, and the various companies
had comparatively little difficulty in their long
journey. Hesides, the several linridrc^l wagons
of the preceding year had broken down the sage
of the plains, and made a clearly marked road as
far as the dalles. The lonjxer divisions of the emi-
gration started, one from Independence, one from
near the mouth of Platte river, and one from
near St. Joseph, and Cornelius Gilliain, Nathan
Ford and Meyer Thorp commanded these diyis-
ions, respectively. In this emigration were
many names that have become honored in v.iri-
ous departments of Oregon history and that
are worthy of notable record. Without any iti-
vidious selections we name the Eadscs, the Fords,
the Gilliams, Ilolman, Minto, Rees, Simmons,
the Shaws, the Thorps, J, S. Smith, and many
others whose industry made Oregon to blootn
like a rose tree, and who in many ways con-
tributed to the material growth and moral and
intellectual progress of the country.

Up to 1844 no American settlement had been
made north of the Columbia river. So indus-
triously and thoroughly had the Hudson's Bay
Company represented what tliey considered the
undoubted claim of Great Britain to that Terri-
tory that no American immigrant had ventured
to enter it. It was reserved for a few persons
of the immigration of 1844, headed by M. T.
Simmons, to add to the diplomatic argument of
the' United States for ownership, — the argu-
ment of occupation by American citizens. They
passed northward and located at the head of
I'uget sound, resolved that they would insist
on all the rights guaranteed them in the treaty
of joint occupancy, at least until the ultimate
decision of the conflicting pretensions of the
two nations. It will be remembered that this
emigration left the frontiers of the United States
during the height of the discussion • jnding the
presidential election of that year, and while the
Democratic party was preparing to take the
field with "The whole of Oregon or none,"
" I'"'ifty-fou.>*, Forty or Fight " emblazoned on its
banners as its war-cry in its contest for posses-
sion of the Government. They had come to the

180

uisroiir OF ohkoon.

const exjM'Ctinf^ tlisit tlie.-ic principles would hc-
come the policy of the Goveriiment, hikI lienee
they resolved to push American settlement up
toward the dead line of " Fifty-four, Forty or
Fight" Bt once if the Hudson's Bay Company re-
BiBted their northward advance. This that coni-
pany was to astute to do except l>y moral in-
timidation, which was practiced to its fullest
extent. Hut such men as those who had braved
111? pt rils of the trail and camp from the Mis-
souri to the (lolnmhia could not he intimidated,
and the company dared not violate the stipula-
tions of the treaty under which (ireat Britain
had laid it. And so American history fairly
began on Buget sound, in the present State of
Washington, just a decade after it began in the
Willamette valley in the present State of Ore-

Of the imniitfration of 1845 comparatively
little record has been prebervcd, although it was
larger than that of either of the two preceding
years. The population of the Territory was
now beconiiuji so large that a thousand or two
of people could melt away into the former ag-
gregate without such manifest expansion of the
population as before. And besides, when so
many had preceded, it was not considered so
strange that many others shonld follow. Hence
the 2,000 people constituting the immigration
of 1845 arrived, dispersed over the country
from the ('alifornia mountains to Puget sound,
and became integral parts of the body politic,
without having taken pains to make a roster
for the benefit of the history, or the jjerpetuity
of their own deeds. Still a few can be mentioned,
culled here and there from fugitive archives,
whose names must ever stand connected with
some departments of the deeds of the pioneers
of the coast. Wo instance T. Vault, the Way-
mires, the Iliggses, Gen. Joel Palmer and
Wilcox.

The road from the Missouri to the Columbia
had now become a broad and beaten track.
Tiiere was no difficulty and little danger in
traveling it except such as arose from deficient
preparation before starting or poor judgment

in traveling. All that was to bo done was to
travel steadily onward, day after day, (juietly
ami persistently moving forward as the patient
ox swings slowly onward, and in due tiine the
goal would surely be reached. But such pa-
tience and endnrauce of effort are not common
virtues. To face a horizon that never comes
nearer; to push into space that never seems to get
shorter; to lift at a burden that never grows
lighter, are the severest tests of the strongest
natures. So it was not wonderful that many of
the weary and foot-sore immigrants became rest-
less of their seemingly endless travel, and felt
inclined to listen to any one who came with
the promise of a shorter road and speedier ar-
rival at the goal of their desires, the green Wil-
lamette valley.

This year this was painfully, a!;:;Gst tragicjilly
illustrated. When the immigrants reached
Fort Iioise Stephen 11. Meek, a man who had
been a "fur-tra])per'' in the mountains, and for
some years employed by the Hudson's Bay
("oiiipany as such, and who had served as a guide
to some small companies in 1842, offered to
show them a shorter and more eligible route
over the mountains,' and one by whiirh wagons
could he taken into the Willamette valley
without the costly and troublesome transporta-
tion' by water from the dalles. The ronte he
propt)sed to travel, leading through southeastern
Oregon, and into the Uinpqua valley far south
of the head of the Willamette river, he had
never traveled himself, but the country through
which it passed was known to !« open and far
less mountainous than the country farther to
the north. Quite a number were pursuaded to
follow his lead. These left the old and traveled
road at the mouth of the Malheur river, near
Fort Boise, and turned southward up the valley
of that stream, while the larger portion kept
steadily onward in the beaten road, and in good
time reached the end of their journey. The
company that followed Mr. Meek soon became
convinced that he hicnself .was traveling by
guess instead of knowledge. <Jf course they
were in a panic at once. Mr. Meek bf' 'ne

lllSTUJii' Oh' OUEiJON.

lai

alarmed and deserted the people he hail led
astray and fled to i*ave his lite, as many had
threatened to kll! l'i,.i on oight. The company
undertook to return to the old road hy tiirniiiff
to the north and traveling down the valleyn of
John Day and Des Chutes rivers, and at last,
after the most exhanstinj^ efforts, and the }/reat-
est snfferiiigrt from hunger and thi.'St, reached
the Columbia at the dalles, and were thns res-
cued from their very perilous condition.

This diversion of a portion of the immigrants
from the old line of travel, and the sufferings
they endured in consequence, has caused con-
tiiderable very acrimonious discussion, seriously
involving the motives of those who persuaded
them into what proved such disastrous action.
Still such discussion has failed to demonstrate
tliat there was any specially wrong motive in
them, but that they acted without any very ac-
cnrute knowledge of the country to be traversed
and consequently not with good judgment, and
thus betrayed those who trusted their advice into
a very costly and dangerous experiment. Many
thrilling accounts of cases of individual suffer-
ing and hardship and loss on the treeless and
waterless wastes of the Klamath and Humboldt
regions have been pnblisheil, but it would serve
no important purpose to transfer them to these
pages. Certainly we cannot subscribe to the
charge made by some writers that these parties
were led astray uiuler the inspiration and advice
of the Hudson's Hay Company for the sole pur-
pose of destroying them. Had such ever been
the methods of the heads of that company in
their dealings with the American immigrants,
certainly they could not but see that the de-
struction of a comparatively small portion of an
immigration would have no other effect on the
linal eettlement of the "Oregon question" than
to hasten and make it more absolute against
themselves, \^\\t such never was their tnethods,
as impartial history must determine.

Like the emigration of 1845, that of 1846
was dividetl into small companies, which reached
Oregon at various times and by different routes,
80 that no record of names was kej)t. When it

left the Missouri river it consisted of two thou-
sand souls. However, by this time Ciilifoniiii
was beginning to divide with ()reg<in tlu; at-
tention of intending emigraiits, and on rench-
inif Fort Hall about one iialf took the south-
em route down the Humboldt river and
across the Sierra Nevadas into the Sacramento
valley. The greater portion of those destined
for the Willamette valley pursued the old
route down Snake river, and reached Oregon
City, then the goal of the juiirnoy, in gu(jd
time, and without unusual incidents. How-
ever, about o)ie hundred and fifty people, with
forty-two wagons, were induced, at Fort Hall,
to undertake a new route in the same general
direction as the disastrous one selected by Meek
the year before, and despite the unfortunate out-
come of that venture. The misadventure this
year was induced by the presence at Fort Hall,
on the arrival of the trains, of a number of men
from among the most reputable and influential
citizens of Oregon, mainly residing toward the
southern end of the Willamette valley, who
claimed to have looked out a road from the jtoint
where they met the emigrants to that valley by
the way of the Uumbohlt, Klatnath lake, lloguo
river and Umpqua valleys, much more feasible
than the old one by the valley of Snake river.
These men had actually passed over the route
they outlined to the emigrants on their way
out; but, being on horseback, and traveling
without any incumbrances, it probably seemed
much.*liortor to them than it really was, and
certainly much shorter than it proved to the
worn and weary emigrants, impeded in their
travels by wagons and all the incumbrances of
camp life. It certainly cannot be supposed that
such men as those who led the party that sur-
veyed the new route could have had any sinister
or selfish motives in leading whole families into
the terrible straits through which these people
were compelled to pass. Still it cannot be pos-
sible for the historian to relievo these gentle-
men from all blame, as they were all acquainted
with the peculiar difficulties of emigrant travel,
having themselves crossed the continent but a

V.Vi

iijuronr of oheoon.

!' 1

yi'ur or two liet'ore ll^■. I'liiignints, iiiul kmiw tlml
Wiifur mill lii'iiKs wi'ie priiiio coiuJitioiis of safety
witli ox tuimm, iiiid wliere these coiilil not Ins
found in abuiidimue there uoiild l)e no exeiise for
Vfnlnrin^. unless the necessity was al>>olnte.
l'"r(ini lifteeu to twenty miles was an uverage
lull (lay's journey with oxen on the emigrant
roads, and there were stretches of j^rassless and
waterless desert of from twenty to lit'ty miles in
width, over wliicli they attempted to lead the
l'orh)rn party that had intrusted itself to their
gui.lanee. Of course there was much sufferin<^.
Many teams perished. Men, women and chil-
dren were compelled to go on foot over Inirning
sands ami cinereous rocks, tt> climb timbered
summits and lord the roaring torrents of the
mountains. The consuminfj thirst of the deserts
of the sterile interior was at last relieved, it is
true, by the springs and streams of the Sierras,
but thtMi gaunt hunj^er paralleled their earlier
thirst. At last, however, man by man, or fam-
ily by family, the worn and strengthless emi-
grants strai»i;led down from the Siskuas into the
liogue river valley, or emerged from the Ump-
qua canon into Unipijua valley, almost without
cattle, or wagon, or clothing, welcomed to the
end of their sad pilgrimage only by the chill
rains of an Oregon midwinter. Taken all in all
this was the most deeply shadowed page in the
history of Oregon immigration, and has left a
heritage of more acrimonious and bitter discus-
sions and heart burnings to the historian of
Oregon.

But, sad as is this record, it is a bright one
compared witii the fate of a largo party known
as the -'iJonner party," that separated from the
Oregon immigrants on Ilumboldt rivei', and at-
tempted to scale the winter-clad Sierras into the
Sacramento valley. These became entangled in
the labyrinths of the mountains, were overtaken
and overwhelmed by snow storms, and, unable
to proceed or return, many jjerished miserably
by starvation, and the remainder were rescued
more dead than alive by the courage and energy
of a party from Sacramento valley. The place
of the occurrence of this sad events bears the

name of "Donner lake," which will forever
monument this tragic climax in the history of
the emigration of VHXG to the I'acitic coast.

The immigrants of this year also signalized
tln-ir courage an<l detormimuion by an attempt
tooj)en the first wagon road into the Willamette
valley across the (Jaseade mountains. Very
seldom, indei^d, in the history of exploration or
adventure has a braver and more resolute deed
been done. We hazard nothing in sayinj; that
in all the distance between the Missonr' river
and the Cascade there is no stretch of 100
miles that presented to the primitive engineer-
ing of the emigrants anything like the dilKcul-
ties of the 1(X) miles between the open country
east and the Willamette valley west of the Cas-
cade monntains.

This is one of the most rugged and lofty
ranges of the continent, and, unlike the liocky
mountains, it is everywhere most densely tim-
bered. It is cut and gashed by fearful chasms
worn down by the waters that break from be-
neath the glaciers of Mount Hood and kindred
peaks tbousaixls of feet into the volcanic debris
of untold ajjes. The averaije altitude of the
wide swampy summit of the range, is not far
from ten thousand feet. From foot to sum-
mit and from summit to foot again, the whole
surface of the earth is covered with the largest
and loftiest firs, cedars, pines, tamarack and
larch, and its undergrowth is an impenetrable
forest of alder, vine ma|)le, laurel, dogwood,
hemlock, and unnaineJ varieties of rougli and
gnarled and interlaced shrubs and ferns and
brush. The ax, wielded by a strong arm, must
cut away into, through, and out of this inde-
scribable wilderness or it cannot be passed.

Up to the autumn of 1840, all the wagons
taken to western Oregon were conveyed not far
from 100 miles down the Columbia from the
dalles into the mouth of the Willamette and up
that stream a few miles on rafts or in Hudson's
Bay batteaux. To add to the difficulty a port-
age of three miles had to Ixi made at the Cas-
cades, and the wagons wore taken piece by
piece across it, and reshipped again below. This

TllK I'ASSAC.H Ol' IIIK DAI.Ll'S, COLUMBIA RIVKR

ROOSTKR ROCK.

I I!

I %

IlIisTuur OF OUKdOX.

100 niilcK wiiH tliu most |H>ril(iim nml dlfliciilt
part of tli(3 jipiiriioy to the W^illiiiiiotti! valley,
null came to the tMiii{;;nitit8 when tiiey were
wearied ami eiifeehled liy iiio'iths of eoiietant
toil and care.

To relievo 8iil)8cqiieiit eiiii^rHntB of tliii* dittl-
culty a few f;eiitleiiieii of this Hiittiiner'ti coin-
pariy resolved to attempt uroSHin^ the iiiomitairiri
with their tenuis uiul wa^uim. At the heail of
this eoinpauy were Mr. SainiiBl Iv. i?urlow and
Mr. W. II. liector. Turiiiiij^ soiitliwurd from
the dalles along the oastorn ba«e of the range,
they noiiffht a promisiiif^ |)lacu to enter it to the
south of Mount Hood. After ahout forty mileri
travel over a very roiiffh and hilly, though uti-
tiinixM'ed rejrion, they tnrned westward up a
gentle slope that appeared to lead south of the
great snowy cone of Mount Hood, and l)egan to
rut their way into the dense forest. Some ex-
plored the route in advance and blazed their
way, others cut out ohstrnctions and worked
grades down and up the impassable precipices,
and others drove the teams and cared for the
families. Progress was very slow. It was late
in autumn. The rains and snows beat upon
tiiem in the deep ravines and on the stormy
heights. But they were resolute men, and re-
solved to push onward at every peril. After
much effort they conducted their wagons about
twenty miles into the wilderness, when the snow
became so deep that to go forward or to go
back was alike impossible. And besides they
were not the men to go back even if they could.
Nothing remained for them but to build cabins
in which to house their families for the long
winter, which was fully upon them, and provide
as best they could against starvation. This they
did in the deep gorge of White river, a few
miles below where its waters tlow from beneath
the glaciers of Mount Hood. A wilder place
can hardly be imagined. On either hand the
great mountain sides were covered with giant
firs, with close around a dense black pine forest.
The Little river, whose dashing waters, whitened
by the volcanic ashes washed down from the

great mountain cone, rushi.'d stormily liy. Lone,
desolate winter covered all.

The (iidy possible supply of food tiieso win-
ter-imprisoneil men, women and children liad
for the months before them was their emi-
grant o.xen, worn and jwor from the long sum-
mer's journey from the Missouri river. These
they slaughtered and tlressed, covered their car-
casses with the snow which was sure to remain
until May, a?id resigned themselves to the awful
task of keeping alive for the long winter. To live
just for the purpose of living is the hardest
tii^k a human being ever performed. This
was all there was for them to do. So they
waited and ate their scant rations of j)oor beef,
drank water froni the river or from melted snow,
cut tire-wood from the pines about them, anil
wore away the weary months.

When the winter snows were ten or fifteen
feet deep on the mountains, two or three of the
men undertook to scale them on snow-shoes
and reach the Willamette valley, and there pro-
cure help to work their way backward with
supplies l)efore those left behind had perished
from starvation. The distHUce to Oregon city
was not leiis than seventy-five miles, and fifty
of that was uutracked mountains. With a lit-
tle beef wrapped up in a blanket on the back ot
each they left the lone cabins and their lonelier
inmates and started on their journey, hoping,
yet only half expecting, to succeed. Rector was
a remarkably strong, compact and sinewy man.
Barlow was of slighter and sparer bu'!.!. and
less able to endure fatigue; and the stress of
the long journey had already weakened him.
He came near fainting, and one day when he
felt he must succumb to his struggles and die
he said to Kector, " What would you do with me
if I should die here?" '' Roast and eat you,"
growled the stronger Rector. Barlow burst into
feeble tears. " Come, come, said the really kind-
hearted Rector, you are not going to die, rouse
up, l)e a man and come on." He cheered and
helped him, and these resohite " pathfii ders "
toiled on over the snowy waste of mountains for
weary weeks before tliey descended from those

V '

181

Hf STORY OF OHEGON.

western slopes and entered the Willamette viiUcy
Such men, rather than those who trttveied in
their wake under Govern inentcotnmissions, and
with all the abundance and conifortH of tfovern-
inent equipments were the true pathfinders of
the Uocky mountains and the l^acitic coHst.

On reaching Oreffon City, Iicftor and Barlow
obtained supplies for their families yet impris-
oned in the Miowy gorge of White river, and re-
turned for their rescue. After the wiiitc- snows
had gone they yoked up the oxen which they had
brought back with them, and again began their
slow and tiresome movement westward. Their
winter's camp was some miles east of the sum-
mit of the range and up thesteep ascent ; through
one of the stateliest and darkest orests that
stands on the earth they cut their toilsome way.
TluMi after the summit was passed tliey tlonn-
dcred through a terrible cedar morass that
covers the summit plateau for miles, when they
reacluid a western crest that stood sheer above
the valley of a mountain river, whose uojier wa-
ters cleave the southwestern glaciers of Mount
Hood. Into the ftarful gorge into which it runs
they dropped, rather than traveled, over the
face of Laurel Hill, probably the most trc-
nioiidons descent down which wagons ever
rolled. And so they toiled on, day after day,
wee^ after week, until at last the last mountain
was crossed, the last forest passed, and the brave
remnant of the emigration of 1840 entered Ore-
gon at full midsummer of 1847.

Quite a number of gentlemen, who in various
departments of civil life became prominently
associated with the progress of the country, at-
teudeij this immigration. Among them was Mr.
J. Qninn Thornton, a man of decided ability
and tine acquirements, who became Chief
.Justice under the provisional government. Un-
fortunately no roster of this immigration was
ever kept, and hence our personal notices of
those in it must be oiTiitted.

W^e have now reached a period in the history
of the immigrations into Oregon from which it
becomes more and more ilifficult to trace any
one of them in anything like a se])ariite story.

Still a few sentences must be given to that of
1847, as that was tlie last one that left the fron-
tiers of Missouri for the farthest West, that
serves to present much of an individual history.
Those coming subserjuently started on their
journey over the now well-worn emigrant road
in small companies, at diti'erent times, traveled
at their individual convenience, and when they
rea(-hed the Willamette valley, molted away
into the mass of the people almost impen^ep-
tibly, as streamlets from the hills blend into the
currents of widening rivers toward the sea.

The immigration of 1847 coming into Ore-
gon was about four thousand. California had
begun to allure many toward her newly opened
j and sunny plains, and probably nearly as many
of those who started from the Missouri river
I for the West turned thitherward into the valley
I of Snake river, as crossed the I'lue and tlascade
j mountains into Oregon, liut, in many respects,
] both as to men and things, it was one of the
most marked and important of all the emigra-
tions. Its members brought more property,
more of those things necessary to make a home-
like civilization than any that had preceded it.
liands of fine cattle, including pure Durham
stock, and of the beat breeds of horses, as well
as tine bands of sheep, were driven from the
Western States. A stock of merchandise was
brought by Thomas and William Cox, and a
store opened by them at Salem, the now capi-
tal of the State. Apple seeds, peach seeds and
many other seeds of plants, of which the
country had been destitute before, were brought.
But that which attracted most attention, and
was really of most importance, was what ",,:s
called the '-Traveling Xursery" brought by Mr.
Henderson Lueling. He constructed boxes
about one foot deep and just long enough to lill
his wagon bed, filling them with a compost of
eartii and charcoal, in which he plant'jd about
seven hundred trees and shrubs, of the best im-
proved varieties, from twenty inches to four
feet hif;h. This wonderful "nursery" thus
transplanted two thousand miles was the |)arent
stock of that magnificent variety of apples,

rffi'Ba^miil

IIlSrOHY OF OUEGON.

135

pears, plums, cherries, peaclics, utui other
fruits that has ^iveu (.iregoii ii imiue and fiiiiie
as the finest i'ruit country on the continent.

Tlie immigration of 1847 contained quite a
number oCgentlemeii, who became quite promi-
nent in the industrial and political history of
Oregon. Among these was the Hon. Samuel

Ii. Thurston, who became the first delefjate
frou! the Territory of Oregon in the Congress
of the United States, of whom we shall speak
more at length in the appropriate place.

With this notice of the immigniHon of 1847
we close our notices of immigrations as separate
from the general course of Oregon history.

-^'M

CHArTEIt XV.

PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.

A Nkw Era — Summary of Arrivals for Five Veaks — Politicai. Tendencies or the Peoit.e
— The Questions of Government — " Inai.ienahi.e Uioiits" versus Foreion Control —
Petition to Congress —Meeting at Ciiami-oeo in 1841 — Death of Ewino Young—
Another Meeting — -Incidental Circumstances — Dr. Eli.iah White, Indian Aoknt — Ab-
Eiv iL OF THE Immigration of 1842 — -Artifical Antaoonisms — Proposition for an In-

DEI'KNnENT GOVERNMENT — MeETINO AT WlLLAMElTE FalI.S — RESOLUTION OK Mr. AhEUNETIIY

— The "Wolf Meeting"^ Plots and Counterplots — Canadian Citizens' Addrkss —
Meeting in May — A Close Division — Canadians Withdraw — Provisions fob Govern-
ment — Fourth of July Celebration — Report of Lkoislativk Committee — •" Orhanio
Laws" — Officers Chosen — First Election — George Abernethv Elected Govebnob —
Form of Oath of Office — First Legislature— Documents to Congress — Dr. White —
Kesult of the Memorials; — Characteristics of Governor AnERNHTiiy — Second Election —
Auernethy re-elected— Territorial Government Organized.

[E have now reached a period in our his-
tory when Oregon began to assume th
form of apolitical commonwealth. Here-
tofore its history was mainly that of the abo-
riginal tribes, the various fur companies that
operated within its boundary, of the missionary
esttdjlishments that bad been founded among
the Indian tribes, and of individual action and
adventure. Tiiat part of tlie story that relates
to the presence and action of white men who
haii any civilized o»' civilizing object, in their
presence in tho country, covers but a singio
decade. This was the era of the missionary or-
ganizations, and the period when the results of
their presence were crystallizing into social coii-

' clitions that called for civil and political order.
1 The dreamy story of the Indian tribes simply
j changed into the story of fur tratlic, scarcely
I less dreamy, and hardly more a civilization than
the other. How little there was of anything
that had the fragrance of civilization rather
than that of the wigwam about it up to the close
of 1840, will be seen by the following summary
of the arrivals in the country up to that time.
In 1834, the four gentlemen of the Methodist
mission and six other men. In 1830, there were
none. In 183(5, Dr. Marcus Whi: 'an and four
other missionaries of the American Board. In
1837, sixteen additional members of the Meth-
odist mission and three settlers. In 1838, cii^ht

9} li 1 ii I

.'•ii

136

HISTORY OF OUKOON.

persons ri'-OTifurced the missions of the American
Board iiiicJ tliree white men from the Koeky
mountains came into the country. This year
also two Jesuit ])riest8. F. N. Hiimchet and
A. IJeinus arrived. In 1839, four independent
Protestant missionaries and eight settlers. In
1840 a reeiiforceTnent of thirty-one adults and
liftoen children came to the Methodist mission
and four inde])endent Protestant missionaries)
P. G. De Sinet, Jesuit missionary and thirteen
or fourteen settlers, mostly llonky mountain
men with Indian wives arrived, — making in all
eiirhty-tive connected with the three mission
establishments, and twenty-eigiit settlers; a total
of 113. Besides these were a small numbei; of
the siiperanuated employes of the Hudson's Hay
Company located at various points, and yet
holding legal as well as social relation to that
lioily. In the classification of population thus
])reseuted it will be seen that the one predomin-
ating intiuence in the country up to the close of
1840 was necessarily that of the Protestant mis-
sionaries. Civilly and politically there were
two sentiments; One American aii<l the other
British. The Protestant missionaries uniform-
ly represented the American sentiment in the
country, and the servants of the Hudson's Bay
Company and the members of the Roman Cath-
olic missions could always be relied upon to fur-
ther the cause of British possession of Oregon.
So far as we have been able to trace the lities of
inriuetice and action in connection with these
different missionary establishments, there was
not even an individnal exception to this state-
ment. If at this time the claim of the United
States to Oregon was receiving any lielp at all,
it was by the unanimous action of the I'rotest-
ant missionaries, while the jnst as unanimous
action of the Roman Catholic missions aided
and abetted the pretensions of (ireat Britain.
By the relations of missionaries to patronizing
Bocietios, as well as the individual nativity and
training of the men constituting them, this was
inevitable, The Protestant missionaries were
mainly from New England and New York, all
Americans by birtli, l)y education, and V.y civic

and political affiliations. The Runan Catholicj
missionaries were all of foreign birth, educated
aTid trained under governments opposed to re-
publicanism and under an ecclesiastical system
that cultured all their convictions away from it.
Their social relations were with the Hudson's
Bay Company, and they gave that company and
its pretensions the most thorough support.
Thus, at the close of 1840, it happened that the
forces in array against each other for tli<* ulti-
mate possession of the country were, on the one
side the Hudson's Bay Company and the Roman
Catholic missions, on the other side, the Pro-
testant missions and the small number of
Americans who had rolled down from the mount-

* ains or floated up from the sea and made Ore-
gon at least a temporary home.

j The first question that fairly and clearly drew
the lines of demarkation between these forces
was tiiat of government. The British party,
consisting of the Hudson's Bay people and the
Catholic missionaries, naturally desired to re-
main as they were, since all pretended authority
of law was that of the Dominion of Canada,
which had been, in pretense at least, extended
over all the country west of the Rocky mount-
ains. Just as naturally the American party,
consisting of the Protestant missionaries and
American settlers, desired some forms of law
according to the American idea of self-govern-
ment. They hail no idea of submitting them-
selves to the authority of the Hudson's Bay
Company or the Canadian Parliament. An
American always carries his " inalienable
rights'" with him, anil on all proper, and per-
haps on some improper, occasions, is prepared
to assert and defend them. ],aw8 or conslitn-
tions enacted for him in a foreign parliament,
or by a foreign corporation, are not sacred in his
eyes, e8])ecially when it is attempted to enforce
them over what he believes to be American
soil. It was so here; and accordingly in March
1838, the first public step was taken looking
toward the establishment of a Territorial gov-
ernment over the country claimed by the
United States west of the Rocky mountains.

niSTOHT OF OHKOON.

TIlis was ill the t'oriii of a inemorinl to Congress
siifued by I. L. Whitcoinl) and thirty-five
otiiers, which was presented to that body liy
Senator Linn January 28, 1839. This memo-
rial was read, laid on the table, and was never
taken therefrom. In 1839 the subject was
again brought to the attention of the Govern-
ment by another petition to Congreas, ably con-
ceived and forcibly written, and signed by Rev.
David Leslie, of the Methodist mission, and
abonty seventy others. The petition set forth
very clearly the condition and needs of the
country as seen by those upon the ground, and
is of such importance historically, and exerted
so uiuch influence upon the action of Congress,
and also upon the feelings of the Hudson's Bay
Company toward the Atnerican settlers, that
ito full text is here inserted. It is as follows:

To the Honnrnhle, the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United Statev
America in Congress Assembled:

Your petitioners represent unto your honor-
able bodies that they are residents in the Ore-
gon territory, and citizens of the United States,
or persons desirous of becoming such.

They further represent to your honorable
bodies that they have settled themselves in
said territory under the belief that it was a por-
tion of the public domain of said State and
that they might rely upon the Government
thereof for the blessings of free institutions,
and the protection of its arms.

Hut your petitioners further represent, that
they are uninformed of any acts of said Govern-
tnent by vvliich its institutions and protection
are extended to them; in consequence whereof
themselves and families are e.vjwsed to be de-
stroyed by th savages around them, and others
that woulfi do them harm.

And your petitioners would further represent
that they have tio means of protecting their
own lives and the i!ves of their families, other
than self-constituted tribunals, originated and
sustained by the power of an ill-instructed

public opinion, and the resort to force and
arms.

And your petitioners represent these means of
safety to be an insntlieient safe-guard of life
and property, and that the crimes of theft,
murder, infanticide, etc., are increasing among
them to an alarming extent, and your petition-
ers declare themselves unable to arrest tiiis
jirogress of crime and its terrible consequences
without the aid of law, and tribunals to ad-
minister it. •

Your petitioners therefore pray the Congress
of the United States of America to establish, as
soon as may be, a Territorial government in tlie
Oregon territory.

And if reasons other than those j)reeented were
neediM] to induce your honorable bodies to grant
the jiiiiyer of the undersigned, your petitioners,
they would be found in the value of this terri-
tory to the nation, and the alarming circum-
'-^tances that portend its loss.

ur petitioners, in view of \het-' lat-t eonsid-
eratiims. '■ idil represent that tlic iJngiish Gov-
ernmeni lia.-; had a snrveying party on the Ore-
gon coast fo; iwo years, « ployed in making
accurate surveys of all its rivers, bays and iiar-
bors, and that recently the said 'overnment is
said to have made a gr int to the Hudson's Hay
Company of all land^ 'ymg between the Colum-
bia river and Piiget sound, and that the said
company is actually exercising unequivocal acts
of ownersiiip over said land ' bus granted, and
opening extensive farint ii u the same.

And your petitioii .epresent that these
circumstances, connected with other acts of said
company to the same effect, and their declara-
tion that the EmjUshGoverninent owns and will
hold, as its own soil, that portion of Oregon
territory situated north of the Columbia river,
together with the important fact that the said
company are cutting and sawing into lumlier
and shipping to foreign ports vast quantities of
the finest pine trees upon the navigable waters
of the Colnmbia, have led your petitioners to ap-
prehend that the English Government do intend,

fU ' '

nrsToiir of oregon.

at ull events, to hold tliut portion of tin's terri-
tory lyiiifr nortli of the C'olimiliia river.

And your petitioners represmit that the said
territory, north of the ColniiiUiii, is an invalua-
ble jiossession to tiic American Union, that in
and about Puget sounii are the only harbors of
easy access u!id commodious and safe upon the
whole coast of the territory, and that a great
part of this said iiortliern part of the Oregon
territory is rich in timlier, water power and val-
luible minerals. For this and other reasons your
petitioners pray tiiat (\in^ress will establish its
sovereignty over .said territory.

Your petitioners woulil further represent that
the country south of the Columbia river and
north of the Me.xican line and extending from
the Pacific ocean 120 miles into the interior is
of unequaled l^eauty. Its mountains, covered
with perpetual snow, pouring into the prairies
around their bases transparent streams of pur-
est water, the white and black oak, pine, cedar,
and tir forests that divide the prairies into sec-
tions convenient for farming purposes, the rich
mines of coal in its b'ls, and salt springs in its
valleys, its quarries of limestone, sandstone,
chalk and marble, the salmon of its rivers, and
the various blessings of the delightful and
healthy climate, are known to ns and impress
your petitioners with the belief that this is one
of the most favored portions of the globe.

Indeed the deserts of the interior have their
wealth of pasturage, and their lakes, evaporat-
ing in summer, leave in their basins hundreds
of bushels of the purest soda. Many other cir-
cumstances could be named showing the im-
portance of this territory in a national, com-
mercial and agricultural point of view. And
altli(Migh your petitioners would not undervaluo
considerations of this kind, yet they beg leave
espt^cially to call the attention of Congress to
their own condition as an infant colony, without
milit(i>-y force or civil institutions to protect
their lives and property and children, sanctu-
aries and tombs from the hands of uncivilized and
merciless savages around them. We respect-
fully BBk for the civil institutions of the Ameri-

can Kepublic. We pray for the high privilege
of American citizenship, the peaceful enjo^--
ment of life, the right of acquiring, possessing
and using property, and the unrestrained pur-
suit of rational happiness. And this your pe-
titioners will ever pray. David Lkslik,

and about seventy others.

It is difficult to fix the exait personal author-
ship of this remarkable document. Its hontn-
appears to be somewhat divided between David
Leslie, at that time pro tern superintendent of
the Methodist mission in the absence of Jason
Lee, then on his return from the States i)y sea
to Oregon, at the head of what is known in the
liistory of the mission as the "great re-enforce-
ments," and Mr. Robert Shortes, an immigrant
of the same year in which the petition was
written. It is probable that both had to do
with its ])reparation. At all events it reflects
honor upon the small American colon}', not
then reaching 100 persons in all, and shows how
clearly and fully from the beginnitig ourpeoijle
comj)rehended the issues pending between their
own country and Great liritain, and how
tliurouohly American were their sympathies and
purposes.

There is one phrase in the petition, given in
Italics, which was understood by all to refer to
the Hudson's Hay Company, and shows with what
jealousy that company was watched by the
American. Doubtless the phrase had its justi-
fication, and was not intended to convey the
sense of extreme enmity by that company
against the Americans that some writers have
supposed. At all events, while the company
was faithful to itself, there is no evidence that
it did ii'tentionally incite its own pc pie, or the
Indian tribes, who were thoroughly under its
control, to any acts of violence against the
Americans. And besides the humane Dr. Mc-
Laughlin was then at the head ol the company,
and no unprejudiced man who over knew him
could believe him capable of any such sinister
action.

The above quoted petition had gone on to

UISTOliY OF itliBOON.

lau

CJongress. A year or two must certainly pass
before any relief could come from it, even if any
ever came. Meantime the necessities of the
peopla in Oregon, or, more accurately, in the
Willamette valley, where all the American set-
tlers and most of the I'rotestaiit mis8io\iaries
resided, were growing more and more urgent.
To meet tliem a meeting of some of the inhab-
itants Was held at Champoeg, not far from the
Afethodist mission on the 7th of February,
1841, for consultation on the steps necessary to
be taken for the "formation of laws, and the
election of officers to execute them. Kev.
Jason Lee was called to the chair, and asked to
express his opinion of the step required. He
advised the appointment of a committee to
draft a constitution and by-laws for the govern-
ment of that portion of the country south of
the Columbia river. Nothing of moment was
done further at this meeting.

A few days later an event occurred which
served to revive the matter in a new and more
imperative form. Mr. Kwing V"oung, a gentle-
inan of prominence in the country, and pos-
sessing a considerable estate, suddenly died.
He left no heirs in the country, and no one had
any authority to care for, or administer upon,
his estate. His funeral was held on the 17th
of February, at which most of the people of
the valley were present. At the close of the
funeral services a meeting was held, over which
Rev. Jason "Lee presided, when it was resolved
to hold another the next day at the Methodist
mission. Nearly all the people of the settle-
ment were present. Kev. David Leslie was
chosen to preside, and Kev. Gustavus Hines and
Air. Sidney Smith were secretaries. A com-
mittee was chosen to draft a constitution and
code of laws, of which F. N. Blanchet, after-
ward Roman Catholic archbishop, was chair-
innn. After much discussion it was finally
decided to elect a person to serve as judge with
probate powers, and Dr. Ira L. Babcock was
chosen. The meeting adjourned to meet again
on Thursday, June 11th, at the Catholic mis-
sion. At that meeting it was found that the

chairniun of the committee appointed at tha
previous meeting to draft a constitution and
laws had not called the committee together, and
so this iTieeting adjourned to meet on the first
Thursday in October. I'efore that time arrived
the feeling had become somewhat prevalent
among the people that it would be unwise to
establish any permanent form of governmetit so
long as the peace of the community coidd be
preserved without it, and consequently the
meeting was never held. Thus ended the first
attempt to establish a government west of the
Rocky mountains.

Incidental to, atid having no little intluence
upon, the final action of the people in the es-
tablishn)ent of the provisional government, it
must be mentioned that in 1842 Dr. Elijah
White, who had formerly held the position of
physician to the Methodist mission, and who
had returned to the States after some disagree-
ment with its superintendent, Kev. Jason Lee, ap-
peared suddenly in the country holding a govern-
ment commission as sub-agent for the Indians
in the region west of the Kocky mountains.
He claimed plenary power over all questions be-
tween the settlers and the Indians, as well as
all civil and criminal cases that might arise in
the country. He appointed temporary magis-
trates to try cases that might occur in his ab-
sence. The people received him joyfully, their
thankfulness at any proof that the Government
had not entirely forgotten their necessities
probably disposing them to a too generous cre-
dence of his pretentions. At a meeting called
to receive him a series of highly complimen-
tary resolutions were passed, and ordered trans-
mitted to the Government of the United States,
in order that the views and wishes of the peo-
ple in relation to this country might be made
known.

The course of Dr. White in the relation
which he claimed as de facto governor of the
colony, provoked violent criticism, as well as re-
ceived emphatic defense. While it would an-
swer no valuable purpose to trace the one or
the other, it seems needful to say that Dr.

%■

:it

ill

'\ i'

140

HISTORY OF OREOON.

White doubtless claimed miicii more authority
than the Government ever designed he should
exercise. At the same time he was zealous
and active in the discharge ol' iiis duties, visit-
ing every yart of the country whenever liis
presence seemed to he required, and contributed
in many ways to the quiet of the Indian tribes.
Still the infirmities of his disposition and
temper were such that lie could not retain the
confidence of masses of the people however de-
sirous he might he of doing so. His letters
to the Government earnestly urge that the
country might be taken possession of by the
United States, and the laws extended over it.
A far more fortunate selection tor Indian agent
in Oregon might have been made, at the same
time impartial history must record that the
presence of Dr. White as such, albeit neither
the man nor his work waa ideal, did something
to prepare the country for the rule of law
which was now soon to be instated.

The arrival of the immigration of 1842,
bringing as it did a great increase of American
settlers, decidedly intluenced the sentiment of
the country in favor of the immediate organiza-
tion of a government. What form it should
tiike, whether it should be entirely independent
of both nations claiming jurisdiction over the
country, or provisional, looking to an ultimate
supersedence, by the extension of the laws of
the United States or Great Britain over Oreijon,
became subjects of warm and often acrimo-
nious debates. That this should be sj was but
natural, as it was not easy to harmonize the
sentiments of those who yet expected the su-
premacy of England on the Pacific coast with
those who confidently believed that the United
States rightfully owned the country. An<l
besides there were those who fostered an arti-
ficial antagonism between the Protestant mis-
sionary settlements and the distinctively Ameri-
i3an population. We have called this antagonism
♦• artificial '" i)ecau6e there was no ground for
it in reality, sinije all these missionary estab-
lishments were intensely American, and their
real views could not but be in harmony with

the interests of Oregon's Americanization. Prob-
ably a careful analysis of the causes lying back
of this particular phase of the (juestions at issue
would discover that they were largely of a so-
cial nature, and came out of the fact that a
great preponderance of capacity and training
for j)ublic affairs then in the colony was found
among the gentlemen connected with these mis-
sions, and it was hut natural that, in emergen-
cies like the present, they should appear more
conspicuously than others. Of course, in ad-
dition to these divisions of sentiment, there was
the Roman Catholic element, always n)ost
anxious for that which would most subserve
the plans and purposes of the hierarchy of
Rome. It were no small feat to so far har-
monize these variant elements as to secure an
organization at all; for there would needs be
plots and counterplots, and no one knew where
the majority would stand when the final count
should come.

Dr. John McLaughlin gave the great weight
of his tiame to the plan of an independent gov-
ernment; one entirely .separated from either the
United States or Great Britain. With him, as
a matter of course, went the men of the Hud-
son's Bay Company, now settlers south of the
Columbia, and almost as much a matter of
course the Roman Catholics. This presented a
formidable combination; one that it proved not
easy to overcome.

The first public indication of the result oc-
curred at Willamette P\alls (now Oregon City),
then the chief town of the colony, in the dis-
cussion, in a public lyceum, of a resolution in-
troduced by L. W. Hastings, as attorney for
Dr. McLaughlin, in the following words:

'•liesolved, That it is expedient for the set-
tlers of the coast to organize an indepondei!*'-
government."

At the close of the discussion the vote was
taken, and the resolution was adopted. At this
point Mr. George Abernethy, afterward gov-
ernor under the provisional government, led the
opposition to this proposition, and toward the
close of the debate introduced another resolu-

n I STORY OF OliBCON.

14J

tion for discussion the following week, in the
following words:

'■'■ Rcsohed, That if the United States extends
its jurisdiction over this conntry during the
next four years, it will not be expedient to form
an independent government."

This resolution was very skillfully drawn.
Its passage would do two things: First, tenta-
tively pledge the people against an "independ-
ent" government; and, second, clearly express
their faith in the ultimate extension of the laws
of the American Union over the Pacific coast.
It was not against any government at the pi'esent
tijne, but against what was then understood as
the scheme of an "independent government";
that is, one looking to its own perpetuation as
an independent power among the governments
of the world.

At the close of an earnest debate the resolu-
tion of Mr. Abernetliy was adopted. This set
at rest the scheme of an "independent govern-
ment," but it left the question of the formation
of a provisional government, looking to its own
supersession by the authority of the United
States at some future date still an open one.
In regard to this the discussion went on with
undiminished interest.

Meanwhile some of the leading men of the
settlement had called a public meeting to be
held at the house of Joseph Gcrvais, where
the town of Gervais now is, on the first Mon-
day in March, to consider measures for the pro-
tection of the herds of the settlers from the
depredations of wild beasts. This was a sub-
ject that appealed to all strongly, for savage
beasts were numerous and destructive. The
attendance was large, for it had become bruited
about that some other matter of importance
would be brought forward at the meeting.
This gathering was known among the settlers
as the "wolf meeting."

The result of thit.. gathering, over which
James O'Neil presided, was the adoption of a
series of resolutions providing for the payment
of bounties for the destruction of predatory
animals. After this was done, a motion Wf^s

made by W. II. Gray that a committee of twelve
persons be appointed to take into consideration
the propriety of taking measures for the civil
and military protection of this colony. This
was unanimously adopted, the committee was
elected, and the "wolf meeting" had gone into
history.

iJetween the time of the adjournment of this
meeting and the assembling of another at Cliam-
poeg on the 2d day of May, 1843, those opposed
to the organization of any form of government
were not idle. These were notably the people
of the Hudson's Bay Company and those who
called themselves "the Canadian citizens of Ore
gon." They held public meetings at Vancou-
ver, at Willamette F"all8, and at the Catholic
Church on the French prairie. An "Address of
the Canadian citizens of Oregon to the meeting
at Champoeg," prepared by the Romish priest,
F. N. Blanchet, was circulated, and every in-
fluence possible from these quarters was exerted
to prevent affirmative action at the meeting of
May 2.

The address of the Canadian citizens of Ore-
gon, written as it was by a man who, though a
master of dialectics in our tongue, the French,
was unable to intelligently Anglicise his speech,
which is a unique specimen of literary work.
Still it discovers the entire un-American senti-
ments of those for whom it was penned at that
time, and their great wish to hold the country
uncommitted on all questions that might have
an influence in finally settling the dispute for
possession of Oregon between England and the
United States. A quotation of paragraphs 11
and 12 of the "Address" will disclose those
facts. They are as follows:

" 11. That we consider the country free, at
present, to all nations, till government shall
have decided; open to every individual wishing
to settle, without any distinction of origin, and
without asking him anything, either to become
an English, Spanish or American citizen.

"12. So we, English subjects, proclaim to
be free, as well as those who came from France,
California. United States, or even natives of this

HISTOHY Oh' OltHUdiW

ciiiintry; and \V(i desire unison with all tlio re-
s|)i'L't;il)k; I'iti/.cns wIkj wish to sottlo in tliis
coiiiitn ; oi' \vi! Jirtk to be reco;^ni/.oil iis froo
iiiiKjiij.' oiii-sL'hos to inako sucli i-t'i;iilHtion» as '
appear snitalilo to oiii' wants, savi- the general
interest of liavina justice from all strangers
wiio might injure lis. and that our reasonable
iMistonis and pretensions he respected."'

This shows, as well as such phrases can show,
that the real conflict was the old one of rival
claims to Oregon, now assuminjj, so far as the
people (»'' Oregon themselves were concerned,
only another form of expression.

According to cull, the settlers gathered at
Cliampoeg on the ^l^\ of May. Dr. I. L. I'ah-
cock was chairman, and G. W. Le Breton was
secretary. The committee of twelve appointed
at the previons meeting unxde its report. A
motion to accept it was lost; the IliidsonV Bay
men and the (-atholics, nnder the lead of Ilev.
I'". N. Blanchet. voting "No" on the motion to
accept. There was mnch confnsion, if not some
consternation, at this result, for it seemed that
all the hopes of those who desired the estahlish-
inent of some order of government were to be
blasted. A motion made by Mr. Le Breton,
iiowever, rescued the meeting from its unhappy
dilemma. It was that the meeting divide: those
in favor of an organization taking the right,
and those opposed to it taking the loft. This
motion prevailed witho\;t opposition. "Joe
Meek," an old Rocky mountain man, of tall,
erect ami commanding form, tine visatfe, with
a L'oal-black eye, and the voice of Stentor, a
thorough .'Vnierican, stepped out and shouted;
"All in favor of the report of the committee
and an organization, follow me." The Ameri-
cans were immediately in line by his side.
More slowly the opposition, Blanchet, "to the
left." The lines were carefully counted. P'ifty-
two stood with Meek; fifty with Blanchet, — ^so
narrow was the margin of sentiment in favor of
the organization of any form of government.
Promptly the chairman called the meeting to
order again; but the defeated party withdrew,

leaving only those who voted in the aiHrmativo
to conclude the proceedings of the day.

This was easily done for now the cause was
in the hands of its friends. The report of the
eonnnittee of twelve was taken up, discussed,
amended and adopted. It provided for the
election of a supreme judge, with probate power,
a clerk of the court, a sheriff, three magistrates,
three constables, a treasurer, a major and three
captains. N. E. Wilson was chosen to act as
supreme judge, G. W. Iaj Breton a.s clerk of the
court, >J. L. Meek as sheriff and W. II. Willson
as treasurer. The other offices wore tilled and
a "legislative committee" of nine was ao-
pointed, consisting of Messrs. Hill, Robert
Shortess, Robert Newell, A. Beers, Ilnbbard,
W. II. Gray, J. O'Neil. R. Moore and I)out;h-
erty. The session of the " legislative com-
mittee" was limited to six days and their per
diem fixed at §1.25, which they immediately
contributed themselves. This committee as-
sembled at the Falls on the 10th of May and
was furnished a room gratuitously by the Meth-
odist mission at that place, which, though the
best that could be had, was certainly humble
enough to suit even frontier views of economy
in the work of State building. It was a build-
ing 10 X 30 and divided into two rooms, one of
which accommodated the first Legislature of
Oregon. As the discussions of this Legislature
were tentative, and to be reported to a meeting
of the citizens to be held at Cliampoeg on the
5th of .luly, it is not necessary to record them
in extenso hero. The session continued but
three d.iys.

The meeting to consider the report of the
legislative committee was to be on the 5th day
of July. Showing the thorough American senti-
ment that pervaded the entire movement a cel-
ebration of " Independence Day " had been ar-
ranged for at the same place on the ith, and
an oration in honor of that day .so dear to every
true American was delivered by Rev. Gustavus
Ilines. On the 5th the meeting of the citizens
was held and the orator of the previous day was
chosen to preside over it. Quite a number of

L_L

iiisroHY i>F .onKfiox.

tliose wlio had opposed ori^aiiiziitioii lit the pru-
vioiis mcetiiiir were present iit tliis unil an-
iioiincod as fuvoral)li! t.) the olijocts suught to
lie attained by the American!*. Otlieris, how-
ever, including the (Jatliolio missionaries and
the Ilndsuii's Bay Company, not only did not
attend, i)nt pnbliely asserted that tliey wonld
notsui)init to the authority of any government
that might be organized. Tiio representatives
of tlic [ludson's Hay Company addressed a
communication to the leaders of tiie movement,
stating that they felt abundantly able to defend
i)oth tiiemselves and their political rights.
With ati'airs in this attitude Mr. Ilines an-
nounced that the report of the legislative com-
mittee was in order. The report wa? accord-
ingly reail by Mr. Le Briton. It consisted of a
body of what was styled by the committee "or-
ganic laws," prefaced by the following pre-
amble:

" We, the people of Oregon Territory, for the
purpose of mutual protection, and to secure
peace and prosperity among ourselves, agree to
adopt the following laws and regulations until
such time as the United States of America ex-
tend their jurisdiction over iis." Then follows
the usual form of a constitution, with the usual
definitions and restrictions of the powers of
the government. It provided for an executive
committee of three instead of a governor, and a
legislative committee of nine, and in the main
followed the order adopted by the preliminary
meeting in March. It i)rovided that the laws
of Iowa should be the laws of Oregon Territory
in cases not otherwise provided for, and made
definite provision on the subject of land claims.
The portion of the report that elicited the most
controversy was that constituting an executive
committee of three, some desiring a single ex-
ecutive and some wishing to leave the govern-
ment — if government it could then have been
ctlled — without an executive head. On the vote
being taken the body of " organic laws " reported
by the committee was adopted, with only slight
amendments by the meeting. It was resolved
that the persons chosen to officiate in the sev-

eral offices at the meeting held in May should
continue in office until the r(^llowlng .May.
This left only tlu; executive committee to be
elected, and on a ballot beinti taken Ahinsun
Biers, David Hill ami doseph dale wore clioscn,
and these throe constituted the Kr.-^t executive
of the Territory of Oregon. In tliis manner
Oregon passed from a condition where every
man was a law unto himself into the condition
of an organized political commonwedth, and a
new era liad dawned upon her.

The first election under the jirovision of " the
organic law adopted l)y the people at Chainpneg,
July 5, 1843, was held on the lith of May,
1844:. At this election P. G. Stewart, Osborn
liussell and W. J. Bailey were elected members
of the executive committee: Ira L, I'>abeock,
Supreme Judge, John K. Long, clerk and re-
corder, Philip Foster, treasurer, and Jo.-epli L.
Meek, sheritt". Three legislative districts had
been organized, covering all of what now con-
stitutes the States of Oreiron, Washington and
Idaho, and a part of the State of Moiitumi. That
was the Oregon Territory of the days of the
provisional government and uj) to IS.");}, when
Washington Territory was organized by act of
Congress.

The ])lan of government proved so defective,
that at their meeting a*', Oregon City in Decem-
ber, 1844, the legislative committee passed
several acts amendatory of it, providing for their
submission to the people, among which was a
change from an executive committee of three
to a governor aii<l from a legislative commit-
tee elected by the people ea iiidsse to a legis-
lature representing legislative districts. These
amendments were adopted by the people, and at
the first annual election held under the amended
organic law on the 3d of June, 1845. C4eorge Ab-
ernethy was elected the first governor of Ore-
gon; John E. Long was elected secretary; Francis
Ermatriger, treasurer; J. W. Nestnith, district
attorney; S. W. Moss, assessor; and Joseph L.
Meek was continued as sherifl". The total vote
cast for governor was 504. The question of
holding a convention to frame a constitution

l\ I

144

IIlSTiHn OF OlIKOON.

hail also lu'cii fiiit)inittetJ to tlio pt'iiple, l)iit tliu
plan was (Ift'eatotl by a vote of 28;5 against to
11)0 in favor of it.

At the time of his uluction as governor, Mr.
Abornctliy was absent from tliu country on a
visit to the Sandwich ishuiils, and until his ni-
turn tiio old executive committee otliciatud as
the executive of the Territory.

When the Leifislature met at Oregon City on
the 24th of June, Mr. Jesse* Applej^ate prepared a
Jorni of oath to be administered to the members
elect, the terms of which indicate the peculiar
condition of society existing in the country at
that time. The oath was as follows;

OATir OK Okkick — I do solemnly swear tiiat
I will support the organic laws of the provis-
sional govermrient of Oregon, so far as the said
organic laws are consistent with tny duties as a
citizen of the United States, or a subject of
Great Uritain, and faithftdly demean myself in
otHce. So help me God.

This form of oath, it will be seen, left niudi
to the judgment of the individual legislator as
to what was or was not "consistent '" with his
duties '> as a citizen of the I'nited States, or a
subject ot" Great Britain."' Still it is worthy
of remark that, so far as we have been able to
ascertain there was no case of even alleged con-
flict between such duties and obedience to the
organic law of the Territory. Indicd there was
no danger of this so tar as tiiose who were citi-
zens of the United States were concerned, as the
organic law was entirely the product of the
spirit of American citizenship, and was the act
of American citizens. Tills form of oath was
doubtless ilesigned to disarm, as far as jjossible,
opposition to ]>rovi8ional government on the
part of those who, from their relations to the
liritish Governnii'nt and the Hudson's Bay
Company, yet persisted in opposing it. Prac-
tically so far as tiie members of the Legislature
were concerned, it had no afiplication, as they
were all members of the United States, and
liearty supporters of the organic law.

As this was the first legislature elected in
the usual manner by the ballots of the electors

iti Oregon, it seems jiropei' that their names be
given here, even though the limits of our work
will not permit a continuance of this hereafter.
They were: t

('lackamas District: 11. A. J. Lee, Hiram
Straight, W. U. Gray.

Tualatin District: M. M. McUarver, D. Hill,
J. W. Smith.

Chainpoeg District: J. }>l. Ciarrison, M. G.
Foisy, ISarton Lee, Robert ^l'ewell.

Clatsop District: John McClure.

Yam Hill District: Jesse A pplegate, A. Hen-
dricks.

To those acquainted with the geography of the
country it is hardly necessary to say that they
were all residents south of the Columbia river,
for, though there had been a district called
Vancouver district, desigmited the year before,
including the country north of the Columbia, it
had elected no representative, and really there
was hardly any settlement in it except by the
Hudson's Bay people, and these could hardly be
called settlements in tlie understandinif of that
term by an American.

The new legislature met at Oregon City on
the 24tli of June, and elected M. M. McCarver
speaker. The first and most important business
of the session was the pissing of a memorial to
Congress, asking for a Territorial government
according to the usual forms of Congressional
action. On the 28th of June this memorial was
signed by the acting executive, in the absence
of Governor-elect Aberucthy, namely, Messrs.
Ilussell and Stewart of the old executive com-
mittee. Supreme Judge Xesmfth, and the mem-
bers of the legislature and Dr. Elijah White was
delegated to convey it to Washington. This
being done the legislature took a recess until
August 5th, awaiting the vote of the people on
the adoption of a revised and amended organic
law which had been duly subinitteil to them.
The vote being strongly in favc^r of the new
law, the Legislature began its action under it at
the appointed time. After some disagreeable
wrangling the action of the body at its first ses-
sion electing M. M. McCarver speaker, was re-

illSTOHY Oh' nithons.

(iuiiHidoi'L'd, unti Koliiirl Newull was clectetl in
liis place. A spirit of perBonal pHrtisatisliip is
diffclosed liy the records of t!ii> session, pcrliaps
not irreiitly to be wondertHl at, and still not coni-
Miandiiig the body to any special eulogy. The
previous a])poiiitmeiit of Dr. White as iiK^ssen-
ger to convey the memorial asking the organi-
zation of a Territorial government for Oregon
to C'ongress, became a great cai'isc of eontetilion.
The methods and spirit of Dr. Wiiite, as wc
liave previously stated, were such thud he did
not command general public confidence, though
he did not fail to secure a warm personal and
partisan support. Whether the action of the
Legislature in first appointing him its messen-
ger and placing its memorial in his hands, and
afterward, by a unanimous vote, committing to
him also a copy of the amended organic law to
be conveyed with the memorial to (Joiigress,
and then, in a few days, demanding their re-
turn, acted with becoming dignity and intelli-
gence, is a question wo will not discuss. Certain
it is, however, tliat at this pojnt in the legisla-
tive history of Oregon there was an amount of
personal politics intermingled with all pul)lic
politics not coiiservable of the best interests of
the new commonwealth. Further than this we
need not here draw aside the veil.

The ostensil)le reason for the action of the
legislature demanding of Dr. White the return
of the documents entrusted to him, was that
they had not been "attested and dispatched ac-
cording to the directions of this house;'' or, in
other words, that Mr. McCarver had signed the
memorial as speaker of the House, which, it
seems, was not what that body desired. If one
at this day can truly read between '■'le lines of
the recorded action of tlio Legislature concern-
ing these matters, a belief that the prominence
that body had given Dr. White as bearer of
tlteso documents to Washington, and its conse-.
quont quasi indorsement of him after his service
us sub-agent of Indian affairs in Oregon, would
give him a strong moral claim for anv office of
lionor or profit he might desire in tlie hopeil-for
Territorial organization. The meniliers believed.

too, that lit* Would use his position for that eml,
which is not only likely, Imt what, probably,
most of them wouM have doTie under the same
circumstances

Dr. Wliile. in a singularly characteristic note,
refused to comply with flio demand of the Legis-
lature to return the documents, and proceeiled
on his way to Washington. iNot to be foiled
in its purjiose, the Legislature caused to be
forwarded to Congress through the American
Consul at the Sandwich islands, a copy of the
organic law of the provisional governmeut
signed by the governor and attested by the
secretary, and also of all resolutions a(lo[)ted by
that body relating to the sending of the same
to Congress by the hand of Dr. White, and also
a copy of the lett(!r of Dr. White declining to
return the same to it. On the arrival of the
documents thus forwarded in Washington Dr.
White, who had reached that city betore them,
was confronted by them, and they effectually de-
stroyed all his chances for politi(!al preferment
in Oregon.

The result of these memorials and petitions
to Congress, in the then present attitude nf the
international dispute regarding the ownership of
Oregon, could only be to keep the question con-
stantly and intluentially before the Government
of the United States, and impress it with the
vast importance of the great country in dispute.
This they effectually did. But of course no
Territorial government could be erected over it,
until all the antecedent questions of sovereignty
were settled. F^or this the people of Oregon
waited impatiently. The (Tovernment seemed
much too tardy and indifferent in ))ressing
these questions to a settlement, and the people
of Oregon were long left in suspense as to
whether they were really regarded as American
citizens or not. Meanwliilo the alfiiirs of the
sul (jcneris commonwealth were managed by the
provisional government as best they could be
in tlie condition of the country, and the hiS;
torian, after making duo allowances for the in-
experience of those to whom wa.*- intrusted this

ill

Uii

nrsroii) oa (niKaox.

hfiiililiuK f :iiitliurity, iiiusl say tlicy were

Well iimimircil.

It WHS rortuiiHte timt at this criticiil JMiu'tiiro
ill tile iilViiirs of ()re;;oii a iiian of i-alin, self-
|)oi8eit, cuiiHurvHtivo mold was its oliicf execu-
tive otficer. The only authority of tlie ^overii-
ineiit was a moral one. Its only power to
tnilorce its decreew Was in tlie will of the people
to ohey them. To the iiiiniortal honor of the
pioneeis it inav he wiitten that no eoiiiitry ever
hail a lar;.i:er inonoition of [leople who governed
tlicMifelvus hy the j^eiieral rule of rij;ht-doing
than had Orej^on. To that elass of people (tov-
errior Ahernethy's ijiiiet, undenionstnitive, eon-
scieniioiis conr.se as an otlicer and a man eoin-
iiiended itself, and in eoniinendin;; itself also
commended the aovermnent of which he was
the e.xecMitive head. Oregon had many abler,
more hrilliant, more aggressive men, many
id' these undervalued hini, and depreciated
his conservatism, hut it was hest for Ore-
1,'on. A Hotspur in the executive ehair at that
time Would almost certainly have so emhroiled
the .\inerican and Uritisli elements then in tlu;
country, li}' the eijiial rights of treaty stipula-
tions, as greatly to endanger our national pence,
if not, indeed, to make prohalile a conclusion of
our international controversy less t'avorahle to the
United States. lie was strong enotifjh to wait,
wise enough to lie prudent. This is said for
Mr. Ahernethy without any depreciation of the
character or work of other men, coailjutors with
him ill the tlirillingly important events of their
era, hut in just ap|)reciation of the iiiHnence
and work of this man in molding and conserv-
ing the early character of Oregon history, and
in liringing Oregon through the really most
dangerous period of his civil political construc-
tion. Xo American at that time in Oregon, who
ought to have heeii thought of in connection
with the office of governor, had more of the re-
spect and confidence of those who were not
Americans than he, and it was greatly this re-
spect and confidence in hira that prevented a
more open and violent opposition to the provi-
sional govei'iiiiient on the part of these people.

Thin, hy some writers, lm« been set down as a
discniint on his ipialitieatioiis for the office
which he lieM, hut to lis it heenis one of the
prime factors in the real influence of the gov-
ernment he ilirected.

While many very inipiu-tant events in the
general history of Oregon occurred during the
existence of tl'ie |irovisioiml government, they
will Ix' found recorded elsewhere in ' '•< hook,
under the special departments of history to
which tliey helong: what relates particularly to
the history of that government itself can soon
be tolil. Though in 1846 the "Oregon (jiies-
tion" between (-rreat I'ritnin and the United
States was settled, contirming to the Uniteil
States all the country west of the Rocky mount-
ains up to the 4!)° of latitude, yet no decisive
niovemeiit was made by Congress toward the
organization of a Territorial government over
it. Therefore on the 3d of June, 1847, another
election for governor and other officers, and
memliers of the provisional legislature was
held. The number of votes polled for governor
was 1,074, (ieorge AU^rnethy receiving a plu-
rality of the votes and iteiiig elected. The
Legislature had then increased to twenty-two
members, five coming from the region north of
Columbia ri\er, and the names of several who
had been, in some relation, connected with the
interests of the Hudson's Bay Company, appear-
ing for the first time upon the list of members.
This indicated a gradual melting down of the
old barriers of caste and nationality, and gave
some pledge of a future harmonioiisness of teel-
jng and action on the part of all the people of
t,lie country. The ipiestion of title to the
country having been settled, the old causes of
disagreement had passed away, except the lin-
gering reninantH of personal enmities begotten
of adverse national predilections and interest.
Many of these disappeared only in the graves of
those who w'ere prejudiced or fanatical enongli
to entertain them.

The bill for the organization of a Territorial
government for Oregon was placed on its final
passage in Congress on the 12th of August,

■■■^ fi—.^ — i-^-

lllHTtmy OF i>HKUON.

147

184S. Tlic incitliMits Icinlit'.!; up to mid iiftcml-
iii^ this t!V(int will 1)0 toiiinl elHowlinre and iiueil
not 1)0 rofernul to here. Wiieii tlio "ayeH" and
'•nays" were eiilleil ii irmjority voted in the
(itHriimtivo. I'l-esident I'olk iitHxed hi« hIj^iiii-
tiire to it a few hoiir8 afterward, utid itt once

appointed (ii'iicral .lnse|ili Lane, u[ Indiana,
j(overnor of the Territory of ()i'ej;on. On IiIh
arrival at Oregon City, on the 3d of Mandi,
184!t, \w icsiied his proclamation, and assumed
the duties of his ofHcc, and the provisional
govoriitneiit of Oregon hail cuased to exist.

■-^^^

CIIAI'TEK XVI.

TKRKITOKIAI. KUA.

Oroanization Dbi.aved — IJknton'8 LiiiTKit — Me. Tuoknton's Mission T" WAsniNoroN -Hii.i.

HKKOUK CoNORKSS — il . L. MkKK ISkNT Ti ) WASniNC ION — Hl.S JoUBNKV — Ills lllSToKV —
(yONrKASTS-l'uKSIDKNT I'ol.K AlM'OISTS TerKITOKIAI, OfFIOKRs— TiIK (rOVEItNMKNr PuorLAIMKO -

Census Taken — (toi.k Disiovekku in California — -Emioration Turned Tiiiimikr — Money
(loiNKii — Anomalous Condition of the Country — ^Eleotion of Delegate ro Concjkehs —
First Territorial Leoislatiire — Pro.misino Condition of the Territory — (Governor
Lane — Sui'erseded »y Governor (taines — The Keijiment of Mounted Uifle.men — tJiiANiiE
of Territorial Offu'kks — First Newspapers — Steamer Built — Death of Mr. Tiior.nton.

jLTHOUGII the "Oregon question" as an
international one was eoiu^liuled in the
euiniiier of ISKi, the country itself was
left practieally to its own resouryes for two
years longer. It was coiiKdently expected by
the people of Oregon, and of the Eastern States
as well, that the organization of a Territorial
government would soon follow the settlenient
of the boundary controversy. Ihider this ex-
pectation a large emigration from the ohler
States crossed the plains in 1847. But C!on-
gress delayed. Reasons of politics were more
potent in the councils of the nation than rea-
sons of statesmanship. The Mexican war was
in progress. The administration had all and
more than it could do to maintain itself before
the people. Its abdication of the politics of
the convention and the stump on the Oregon
question for those of statesmanship and reason,
had angered a large element of its former sup-
porters, and the progress of the war, while

lifting generals into higli reputations, was add-
ing nothing to the honor of those politicians
who anticipated preferment as the result of the
war. So Oregon must wait. And another
question was in the slumbering Oregon (jues-
tion. That was the shivery question! and all
knew that when the matter of the organiza-
tiu'i of the Territorial government for Oregon
came before Con2;res8, this " Satan" of our
politics for so many years would " come also.''
And for this reason, too, the question must wait.
The disappointinent in Oregon over this de-
lay was intense. To allay it as far as possible
Mr. Buchanan, secretary of State under I'resi-
dent I'olk, and Thomas II. Benton, wrote letters
to the people of Oregon, giving the strongest
assurances that they would be cared for, and the
interests of the rising commonwealth on the
Pacific protected. Mr. Buchanan expressed the
deep regret of President Polk that Congress had
neglected Oregon, and promising the presence

I 1

;

14S

It I STORY OF OliKOON.

of ii regiirient uf dnij^ooiis. iiiid tlie occiisional
visits of vessels of war to protect the people.
That of Senator Benton gave so clear a view
oi" the political situation in which appears so
much that is vital to the brave frontiersmen
of Oregon, that our readers will be glad to see
some extracts from it. He says:

" WASinNiiniN, March, 1847.

"il/y Friends (for such I may call many of
yon from personal acquaintance, and all of yon
from my thirty years of devotion to the inter-
ests of your country), I think it right to make
this coinmunication to you at the present mo-
ment wiic;'. tliO aujoiirnment of Congress, with-
out passing tiie bill for your iroverninent and
protection, seems to have left you in a state of
abandonment by your mother country. Vou
are not abandoned. Nor will you be denied
])rotcction unices yon agree to admit slavery. I,
a man of the South, and a slaveholder, tell yon
this. Tiie House of Uepresentatives, as early
as the middle of January, had passed the bill
to give you a Territorial government; and in
that bill had sanctioned and legalized your provi-
sional organic act, one of the clauses of which
forever prohibited the e.xistence of slavery in
( )regon.

"An amendment from the Senate's committee,
to which this bill was referred, proposed to ab-
rogate that prohibition, and in the <lelays and
vexatiO'is to which that amendment gave rise,
the whole bill was laid upon the table and lost
for the session. This will be a great disappoint-
ment to you and a real ciilamity, already five
years without law or legal institutions for the
()rotectii)n of life, liberty and property, and now
doomi to wait a year hiiiger. This is i strange
and auomalouB condition, almost incredible to
contemplate and critical to endure! A cv lony
of free men, almost four tliousan<l miles from
the metropolitan government to preserve them!
Hut do not be alarmed or desperate. Vou will
not be outlawed for not admitting slavery.

"Voiir iiindamental act against that institu-
tion, copied from the ordinance of 1787 (tlm
wink of the great men of (lie South in the great

(i:iy of the South, prohibiting shivery in a terri-
tory far less northern than yours), will not be
abrogated. Mor is that the intention of the prime
mover of the amendment. Upon the record the
judiciary committee of the Senate is the author
of that amendment, but not so the fact. It is
only tiie midwife to it. Its an'hor is the same
mind that ijenerated the ' Fire Brand llesolu-
tions,' of which 1 send you a copy, and of which
the amendment is the legtimatc- derivation.
Oregon is not the object. The most rabid prop-
agandist of slavery cannot expect to plant it on
the shores of the I'acific in tiie latitude of Wis-
consin and of the lake of the Woods. A home
agitation for election and disunion purposes,
is all that is intended by thrusting this fire-
brand (jue.stion into your hill as it ijught to be.
1 promise you this in the name of the South, as
well as of tlie North, and the event will not de-
ceive me. In the meantime the president will
give you all the protection whicli existing laws
will enable him to extend to yon, and until Con-
gress has time to act your friends must rely
upon you to continue to govern yourselves as
yon I'live heretofore done under the provisions
of your own voluntary compact, and with the
justicO: haniiiiny and moderation which is due
to your own character and to the honor of the
American name. « * * * »

"In conclusion. I have to assure you that the
same spirit, whicii has made me the friend of
Oregon for thirty years, which led me to de-
nounce the joint-occupation treaty the day it
was made, and to oppose its renewal in 1828,
and to Inbor for its abrogation until it was ter-
minated; the .same spirit wiiich led me to reveal
the grand destiny of Oregon in articles written
in 1818, and to BU|)port every measure for her
benefit since, — the same spirit -till animates
me and wiilil continue to do so while I live —
wliicli I hope will be long enough to see an em-
porium of Asiatic commerce at tlie mouth of
your river, and a stream of Asiatic trade pouring
into the valley of the Mississippi through the
cliannol of Oregon."

Those letrers fully explained to the people of

:';t*J

riiot

aiflTORY Of OltKOON.

I4!l

Oregon tlie politii-iil coiiciitioii of the (iiiestions
relating to their interests, as well as conmnini-
cated to them the courage of ussiired expecta-
tion. Their provisional government was meet-
ing, in a reasonable way, tlie necessities of
internal order, anc', except for a feeling of
national ()r])hanage that must have oppressed
the ten or twelve thousand Americans in the
country, there was not much real detriment to
the country in the delay. That feeling, how-
ever, made the disappointmeiit hitter indeed.

To stimulate, as far as possible, the action of
Congress, (iovertior Al)ernethy, and many of the
leading gentlemen of the Territory, requested
Hon. J. Quinn Thornton, supreme judge under
the provisional government, to proceed to
Wiishington and laiwr with Congress in behalf
of Oregon. Acceding to their request Mr.
Thornton left Oregon the latter part of October
and arrived in Washington about the middle of
May, 1848. lie was received in a very cordial
manner by the friends of Oregon in Congress,
and by the president, and. acting under their
advice, prepared a memorial .setting forth the
needs and coiuUtions of the people of Oregon,
and it was presented to both Houses of Congress.'

In addition to the memorial, Mr. Thornton
drafted a bill for the organization of a Terri-
torial government, which was introduced and
placed upon its passage. Containing a clause
prohibiting slavery, this bill was as objection-
able to the pro-slavery force in Congress as was
that which had been defeated two years before.
I,ed Ity Jefferson Davis and John {). Calhoun,
tiuit party resisted, witli a desperate determina-
tion, every step of the progress of the bill. By
all tlie tactics known to legislative bodies it was
opposed and resisted. It was approaching the
time fixed upon for the final adjournment of
Congress, August 14, and every effort was
made to prevent the vote being taken. Hut
tlie friends of the bill had made their argiiments,
and resolved to remain in session until its ene-
mies yielded to a vote. \ violent altercation,
which came near restdling in a duel, occurred
between Senators Heiitcjii of Missouri and Hiit-

ler of South Carolina, luit after every expedient
of filibuster and delay had been resorted to by
the enemies of the bill, the vote was taken on
the l>ill at about 8 o'clock on the morning of
August 13, 1848, the Senate having been in ses-
sion all night, and the bill was passed. Within a
few hours after its passage Presi<lent I'olk
affixed his signature to it, and "the Territory of
Oregon'" t)ecame a legal fact.

Connecteil with the influences that hastened
this reeult, and contributing no little to it,
were the occurrence of the "Whitman massa-
cre,"" which is elsewhere in this book sej)arateiy
treated of, and the sending of Joseph Meek
as a special messenger, overland to Washington,
to convey the intelligence of the terrible affair,
and contribute what he could to the purj)ose
for which Mr. Thornton had already gone.
The massacre occurred on the 2yth day of
November, 1847, about six weeks after Mr.
Thornton's departure. The country was
plunged into a state of grief and alarm. How
far the murderous purposes and combinations
of the Indians extended no one could lell. The
provisional Legislature was then in sess"ion at
V)regoH City. That body, on the lOth of Decem-
ber, on motion of .1. W. Nesniith, resolved to
dispatch a special messenger to Wasliington at
once "for the purpose of securing the immedi-
ate influence and protection of the United
States (Tovernment in our internal ali'airs."' On
the lOtli of December, Joseph L. Meek was
chosen as such messenger, and ^1,000 appro-
priated for ids exptMises. Mr. Mei>k was a
member of the Legislative Assembly, but im-
mediately resigned his seat for the purpose of
t'iiin])lying with the desires of that body, as, in-
ilecd,of all the people of O.'-egon.

The selection of Mr. Meek as messenger to
carry dispatches* to Washington was, in most
respects, a very suitable one. The mission was
one of great peril and hardship. It was win-
ter, and the route lay over nearly !i,()00 miles
of entirely unsettled deserts and iiiountains, on
which the winter storms and snows held a ter-
rible tyranny. A journey over them by sum-

II? ■:

i^r.:i i

ino

niSTORY OF OliEOON.

rner was difficult and danffcrons ennnsrh, and
one by winter had seidoni lieeii attemptuii, and
more seldom acconiplielK^d.

Mr. Meek was a " mountain man." lie had
spent many years as a linnter and trapfier, rang-
ing the valleys of the upper Missouri, Golum-
l)ia and Snake rivers, C'olorado and Salt lakes,
and all the mountain regfioiis from Missouri
to California and Oregon. His familiarity with
the region to he traversed, his unusual courage,
quick wit, and great powers of physical endur-
ance pre-eminently qualihed him to undertake
the hazardous mission. His credentials from
the J.egislature and governor, and a memorial
and other docuTiients to be presentei! to the
Government at AVashington, were prepared and
furnished liiin, and on the 4th of -January he
set out on his mission, no less perilous than
important.

Tile incidents of this winter jo\irney of Mr.
Meek belong to the romance of an era long
since departed, the chronicle of which lives
only in the memories of the few remaining
gray-!iaired men whose early manhood belonged
toit. • Our space permits only the most gei:-
eral reference to them.

On reaching the dalles of the Columbia, such
was the excited condition of the Indians between
the Cascade anJ Hlue mountains, that tlie mes-
senger and his small purty, consisting of John
Owen and (ieorge Eljl)ert8, were corni)elled to
remain at that place several weeks, as it would
then have been impossible to have made their
way through the hostile tribe.

When the troops of the provisional goverti-
inent arrived on their way to the scene of the
Whitman massacre, Mr. Meek accompanied
them as far as Waulitpu, the scene of that dire-
ful tragedy. One of Mr. Meek's own children,
who was in the care of Dr. Wiiitman and his
wife, had 1)een a victim of Cayuse treachery at
that time. The place and scene of the murder
was most full of sad and impressive recollections
and impressions, as the troops and the party of
Meek committed the remains of the victims of
that terril)ie day to the earth, before he con-

tinued on his journey. This done, a company
of the troops escorted his small party, now con-
sisting of seven men, as far as the base of the
Blue mountains, where the lone travelers were
cast loose on the vast wintry world that lay cold
and white for more than a thousand miles l)e-
fore them.

Their route lay over the Blue mountains into
Grande llonde valley, thence to Powder river
and down liurnt river to Snake, then up the
great valley of that stream to the Rocky mount-
ains, and thence down the eastern slope of the
continent to St. Joseph, on the Missouri river,
which they reached in a little over two months
from the Willamette valley. It is hardly prob-
able that there was another man in Oregon who
could have accomplished this journey with the
celerity with which it was accomplished by J.
h. Meek. What remained to be dotm was for
him more difficult. Ii v-e give a page to the
consideration of the unique place, Mr. Meek,
and others like him, held in early Oregon his-
tory, this will be better appreciated, and one
chajiter of our story will be more clearly read.
I To do this we take him as the most prominent, if
not the best, type of that element in the social
and civil life of early pioneer times in Oregon:

Joseph L. Meek was a Virginian by birth. In
his early youth he found his way to St. Louis,
where, in 1828, he engaged himself to 5'". Will-
iam Sublette, then and for years thereafter one
of the ablest leaders of the fur trade of the Rocky
mountains, and with his company went into the
work of hunting and trapping in the great
mountain regions of the interior of the conti-
nent. In various relations connected with
such iTien as Sublette, Rridger, Fontenelle,
Smith, I'onneville and others, he spent iiis life
until 18-K), when the fur trade, having almost
entirely failed in the moimtains, he resolved to
seek a home in the Willamette valley. Taking
his wife, an Indian woman, and family of
half-breed childrew, he abandoned the mountains
and took up his residence on a beautiful land
claim about twenty miles west of wiiere the city
of Portland imw stands, on what was then known

jm.

mmtm

mSTORY' Oh' OHKGQN.

161

as " Tiinlatiti plaiiip. " when he tlins anil tliere
entered upon a life associated with the jjurposos
and work of civilization. He wae jnst in the ma-
turity of his piiysical powers, and a man physi-
cally of a fine and engaging presence. Tall,
lithe, well-rounded, erect, with black hair and
sparkling black eyes, a face radiant with self-
satistied good humor, and having a smooth and
easy utterance, he could always secure the atten-
tion of men.

Technically he was uneducated. Really he
was educated though unlettered. His educr.tion
was that of experience and adventure p.nd dan-
ger; a,i education that goes further ii' the inak-
inirof a man than mere letters. It gave to him
an induration of physical force that was admira-
ble. It did nc elevate his ni'.ral nature com-
inensurately. It imparted a keenness of per-
ception to his intellectual fatuities, while it did
not broaden and elevate his rsason. It quickened
his instinctive sagacity into adroitness, while it
did not furnish it a strong basis of conscientious-
ness. Conscious, physical power and a long
period of wild and rapid adventure, gave to his
naturally independent nature an abandon that
verged on recklessness. The wild stories of the
camps in which he spent his youth and early
manhood, with their frequent excesses and
carousals, colored his form of thought and
speech with a spirit of exaggeration, which often
went beyond the limits of facts or truth. Thus
his education, — the education of the camp and
the trail and the wigwam crystallized him into
that unique personality that is known in early
Oregon history as "Jo Meek "; a personality that
was not without its importance in place and
power in the early pioneer days in which these
latter days of a more specious civilized pretense
were conceived and born, and that helped in no
inconsiderable degree to make these later and
bettor days a possibility and afact. Withouthim
and such as he thoi\ was, these could not have
been now. So we honor these men of the olden
times.

It is scarcely possible for a man of to day, as
he steps out of a gilded palace car, on the banks

of the Missouri after a three-days run from
Portland to Omaha, to imagine the appearance
of "Jo Meek" as he stepped down from the
back of his mule after his two months' ride from
Oregon, on that Alarch evening in 1848. He
was dressed in buckskin pants, with a blanket
capote and •noii'-skin cap, with moccasins on
his feet. His hair and beard was long and un-
kempt. He had neither money nor friends, and
his only source of hope to reach Washington
was in his mission and himself, and these proved
an open sesame wherever he went. When he
reached Washington, only a couple of weeks
after the arrival of Mr. Thornton, the documents
he brought, and his personal intelligence and
influence, aided no little in hastening the action
of Congress for the relief of Oregon in the
adoption of the bill for the organization of a
Territorial government.

After Mr. Polk had signed the bill on the
13th of August he made haste to complete his
part of the work of organizing the Territory by
the appointment of its officers. His own term
of office as president was approaching its limit,
and he was naturally desirous that the new
government of Oregon should be fully installed
before its expiration. He chose General Joseph
Lane, of Indiana, governor of the Territory, and
appointed Joseph L. Meek, United States mar-
shal, and delegated him to convey his commis-
sion to the newly appointed governor, who was
at his home in Indiana, and who was entirely
unaware of the duty about to be imposed upon
him. (ieneral Lane accepted the commission
thus honorably tendered him, and, three days
after he I'cceived it had closed up his affairs in
Indiana and in company with Mr. Meek, was
on his way toward Oregon.

After the most strenuous effort Governor
Lane reached Oregon City, the then capital, on
the second day of March. 1849. On the third
day of March he issued a proclamation and
assumed the duties of his otiice. thus anticipat-
ing by but a single day the expiration of the
term of Mr. Polk as president of the (Tulfed
States. Thus the ambition of the president to

iw' - <
IS

■1

152

irrsToit r of - oitKaoA.

sij^'iuilizc liis tei'iLi ill tlie u\\k\' of [jriwiili'iit (if
tlie United States, into wliicli he was undonbt-
edly lifted by tlie position of his party and him-
self on the Oregon question, by the organization
of the Territorial government in Oregon, was
gratified, and Oregon passed out of its form of
8elf-ini])osed jjrovisional government, and was
fully under the protection of the Government
of the United States,

Though Oovernor Lane and Marshal Meek
were in Oregon, they were the only official rep-
resentatives of the United States Government
in tiie Territory for a number of months. The
other Territorial ollicers. namely. Kintzing Prit-
chell, secretary, Wiliiam C. P>ryant, chief jus-
tice, and O. C. J'ratt and Peter 11. Burnett,
associate justices, were in due time aj)pointed
and took the respective places assigned them,
and the Oregon Territory was fully organized.

Immediately on assuming the duties of liis
oflice, (iovernor Lane appointed marshals to
take the census, as provided in the organic act.
The ])opulation was then ascertained to 1)6
U,0S3, of whom all but 208 were Americans.

When the bill for the organization of the
Territory of Oregon became a law. containing
liberal promises for the donation of lands to
actual settlers, it was anticip.it^d that the
country would immediately be tilled with those
who were an.xions to avail themselves of this
provision. The drift of emigration was almost
entirely toward Oregon. California was little
known, and few cared to venture among tlie
Mexico-Spanish people of that region. Almost
simultaneously with the passage of the bill,
liowever. there occurred an event in that Terri-
tory that turned the tide of emigration from the
Eastern States thitherward, and even drew very
heavily on the po]mlation of Oregon itself. This
was the discovery of gold at ('oloina, on the
south fork of tiie Amei'ican river, by .lames
W. Marshall, who was among the arrivals iii
Oregon in the autumn of 1844:, but went to
('alifornia in 1^45, and entered the employ-
ment of Captain John A. Sutter at that place.
In a few mouths intelligcuice of this event had

reached the F^astern States. It awakened a
great excitement, and intending emigrants to
Oi'egon l>y the thousand turned to California.
The emigration on the plains in the summer of
1848 met the intelligence on the way and
largely turned toward the fiekis of gold. In
August, about seven months from the date of
the discovery, tlie news reached Oregon by a
vessel which entered the Columbia river for a
cargo of supplies for rhe mines. The effect
upon the people of Oregon was even more
marked than that on any other part of the
country. Nearly the entire adult male popu-
lation of the territory rushed to California!
Farms were left untilled and harvests un-
roaped. It looked as though Oregon would be
dej)opiilated. For two or three years this ex-
odus had a great effect on the prosperity and
improvement of the country. Hut the pro-
ductiveness of the lands of Oregon, and the
average salubrity of its climate had become so
well known that gradually most of those who
had left returned, and again emigration resumed
its old flow into the valley of the Willamette,
besides, the mines of California oi)ened the first
market for the abundant products of Oregon;
prices rose to almost fabulous figures; and for
a few years the gold-diggers of the plains of
California poured a stream of the yellow dust
into the pockets of the farmers and lierdsmen
of Oregon. Prospectors pushed their discover-
ies northward of the Sacramento, until in 1851
rich mines were discovered in Southern Oregon.
So, while the first effect of the discovery of
gold in California \vas detrimental to the pros-
perity of Oregon, its ultimate result was the
opening of an er.. of unexampled advancement.
l'{) to this time there had been but little coin,
or money of any kind, in the country. So
straitened were the people for a circulating
medium that the provisional Legislature made
wheat a legal tender at one dollar per bushel.
Orders on the Hudson's Hay ('ompany, and on
some mercantile establishments, and upon
the Methodist mission, though not legal tend-
ers, passed current among the people the best

HISTORY Oh' OliEOOy.

Vi3

mt'diiitn of exchange timt ooiilil be had. But
with the coining of gold dust into the country
ill tlie winter of 1848 and '49, tliis was passed
cun'ciit as money, thuugh at a great loss to
tliose wlio were comjieUed to dispose of it as
such, as an ounce of gold dust intriii-
sieally worth from 16 to 18 dollars could
lie sold for only 11. To remedy this evil
the provisional Legislature passed an act for
the " assaying, melting and coining of gold."
Heforc anything was done under this act, how-
ever, the functions of the provisional govern-
ment were terminated hy the arrival of Gover-
nor Lane and the organization of the Territorial
government. Still private enterprise came for-
ward and supplied the want by issuing what is
known as "beaver money," in coins of Hve and
ten dollars in value. Tiiese coins bore on the
obverse side the figure of a beaver — whence
their name — above which were the letters '-K.,
M., T., A., W., 11, C, S.," and beneath >'0. T.
1819." On the reverse side was "Oregon E.\-
cliango Company, 130 Grains Xative (iold, 5
D" or "10 pwts. 20 grains, 10 D." The letters
were the initials of the gentlemen composing
the company, namely: Messrs. Kilbourne, i[a-
gruder, Taylor, Abernethy, Willson, Rector,
Campbell and Smith. The dies were made by
Mr. Hamilton Campbell, and the press and
rolling machine iiy W. 11. Hector. This was
not claimed by the company as money, but
simply that so much value in gold was put into
this convenient form for uce as a medium of ex-
change. In a few years, however, the "coin of
the roalm" became [ilentiful, and these found
tiicir way to the United States mint for rc-
cuinage.

Though (Tdieral Lane had assumed the duties
of liis office on the 3(1 day of March, 1849,
there could scarcely be said to be any govern-
ment ill the country for some months subse-
(inently. Tiiere was an executive but no laws
to execute, and no courts for processes and
trials. The condition was anomalous, and far
from satisfactory. The seat of government at
Washington was so distant, and so much time

was required to commiinicate with it, and the
appointed Territorial oHicers were so tardy in
arriving anil entering on their duties, that the
people became anxious and discontented. So
much time was required to complete the census,
and in other needful preparations that Governor
Lane could not call an election for delegate to
Congress and members of the Territorial Legis-
lature before the 6th of June, 1849. The total
vote cast for ilelegate to Congress was but 943, —
a very small vote for the population of over
9,000 as ascertained by the census only just
coinpletdl. This was owing to the absence of
such a i;reat number of the adult males in the
California gold mines. Of this vote Samuel K.
Thurston secured 47(t, Columbia Lancaster, 331,
James AV. Nesmith, 104, Joseph L. ^[eek, 40,
and tF. S. Gritfin, 8.

Governor Lane, in his pripclaination calling
an election, had made an appointment of mem-
bers of the Legislature to the several counties
or districts as they had i)C(!ii formed by the
provisional Legislature, ami the I'ollowiiig-named
gentlemen were elected to the lirst Territorial
Legislature:

Coimcil: W. Ulain, Tualatin; W. W. Buck,
Clackamas; S. Parker, Clackamas and Cliaiii-
poeg; W. Shannon. Champoeg; S. K. McKeon,
(Matsop, Lewis and Vancouver; J. B. Graves,
Yam Hill; W. Maley, Linn; N. Fonl, Polk; L.
A. Humphrey. BentOii.

/iej)reiient(it'V'.'.s: 1). Hill and W. M. King,
Tualatin; .\. T. LoMvjoy. .L i). Holinan and
Gabriel Walling. ClHcknmas; .1. W. Green, W.
W. (■hii.pinan and W. T. Matlock, (Miam|)oeg;
N. .r. Hunbree. R. C. Kinney and J. I!. Walling,
Yam Hill; J. Diiiilap and J. Carser, Linn; 11.
N. V. Holmes and S. Barch. Polk: M. T.
Simmons, Lewis, Vancouver and Clatsop; J. L.
Mulkey and G. B. Smith. Benton.

The Ijcgislatiire assembled at Oregon ('ity,
July 16, 1849, and held a brief session, in
which they apportioned their future member-
ship; changed the names of Champoeg, Tual-
atin and Vancouver conntics to Marioti, Wash-
ington and Clarke, respectively; .decided wiiat

1.^

tn4

msronr of oreoon.

orticer? the viirious counties should have, and
provided tor their election the tbllowiiif;- Octo-
ber, and divided the Territoiy into three jiidici'U
districts. In Octobc tiieconnty elections were
held, and the officers who were chosen (jualitied
immediately, and the Territorial (iovernment of
Oregon thus completed its organization.

The condition of Oregon at this date was
most promising. The doubt and hesitation and
distrust of the period of the provisional govern-
ment had passed away. The end of Hudson's
Hay domination had come. Henceforth that
great corporation was here only for a limited
time, and while here could exercise no power
over public affairs, only as its individual members
chose to become citizens of the United States
and take their place in the body politic as such.
iNo longer did the power of British ships of
war in the Columbia and Willamette rivers
alarm, or their threats annoy. Courts were or-
ganized for the redress of wrong and the sup-
port of right. The stars and stripes truly em-
blemed the sovereignty of the land, and was the
y)ledge of the protection of a great nation.
And ill a climate as genial as man could desire,
on a soil as fruitful as an Eden, amidst scenery
that was forever an icipiratio!) of great
thoughts and high ambitions, and a j)eo|)le
whose energy and patriotism and intelligence
had marked them as leaders and builders of
society even before they had come into this
sunset land, there seemed little before the in-
fant commonwealth to interfere witli or prevent
its rapid growth into a great and prosperous
State. And really there was not; as our history
will show.

The time of General liane as governor was
short. James K. Polk was succeeded by General
Taylor as presfdent of the United States, .March
4, 1849, one day after General Lane assumed
the duties of his office. In April, 1850, he se-
cured notice that President Taylor had removed
him from office and appointed ^layor John P.
Gaines in his stead on the second day of the
previous October.

An interesting incident connected with this

ap])ointinent was that General Taylor first of-
fered the governorship of the Territory to
.Vbrnham Lincoln, who was an applicant lor the
post of commissioner of the general land otlice.
That place being filled. President Taylor ofi'ered
him the place of governor of Oregon. Mr. Lin-
coln declined it, doubtless believing that better
opportunities for his future advancement would
exist in the East than in the narrower associa-
tions of the J'acitic coast. It is interesting to
speculate on the changes and modifications in
State and national history which wouhl have oc-
curred had Mr, Lincoln become governor of this
then must obscure Territory.

Of course iluring this brief time little occur-
red iu the Territory that made much impression
on the history of the country. A regiment of
mounted rifles was sent across the ])iaitis in the
summer of 1848, and were stationed at various
posts, as Oregon City, which was its head (piar-
ters, Vancouver, Astoria and on Puget sound.
This regiment was commanded by Colonel Lor-
ing, afterward general, who achieve*! notori-
ety, if not reputation in Egypt as Luring Pasha.
The regiment was greatly weakened by deser-
tions, 400 deserting at once and leaving for the
gold mines of California. General Lane, being
appealed to by the colonel, collected a body of
volunteers and pursued them as far as Rogue
river, where 260 surrendered to him and were
brought back, but the remainder succeeded in
reaching the(/alifornia, and were never returned
to their servic(!.

In May, Governoi' Lane made a journey to
southern Oregon to conclude a treaty with the
Indians of that region, who had always been
turbulent, and after completing it satisfactorily,
he passed on into California. He had fixed on
the ISth of June as the time in which he would
vacate the office of governor and so, like so many
others at that time, he kept on into the gold
mines seeking for better fortune. Governor
Gaines reached Oregon City and assumed the
duties to which he had been ap|)ointe(l by Presi-
[ dent Taylor on the l!Hh of September, nearly a
I year after his appointment. Tliore was also an

msTOIiY OF UHEilON.

lis

entire change in Territorial offices, consecjiient
on tiie incoming of the Whig nationiil iidrninis-
tralion. Kdward Hatniltoii was made secretary;
Jolir McKain and William Story, judges;
Amo:7 llolhrook, United States attorney; Joiin
Adair, collector of ciiBtoms; and Ilonry II.
Spauldinj;, Indian agent. Joseph L. Meek re-
tained to the position of United States marshal.
The Legislature Assembly, whose members had
been elected in June, iriet in December. This
body being Democratic, was not in political har-
mony with the Territorial officers who were Wiiigs
and the session was not as productive of good
to the Territory as it should have been. The
Legislature was an able body of men, including
some who liave done as much to mold the
character of Oregon socially and politically as
any men ever in the State, among whom, for
the length and eminence of his service may be
mentioned the name of M. P. Deady, long
one of the most eminent jurists of the nation.

It devolved on this body togive the Territory
a code of laws, and to adjust all legislation to
to the new conditions introduced by the new form
of government, and the great increase of popu-
lation and enlarged commercial and social de-
mands. The members of the body ably and
patriotically met their obligations, and tlie
result of their generally wise action was in-
creased and permanent prosperity in the Terri-
tory.

Two events occurred in the Autumn of 1850
and the early part of 1851. that were both the
product of the new era and an omen of its en-
larging life. These were the establisiiineut of
three newspapers, and the building of a steam-
boat to ply on the Willamette and Columbia
rivers. For some years a newspaper called the
Oregon Spectator had been published at Ore-
gon City by an association of gentlemen of
which George Abernethy was president, which
had contributed much to the social attraction
and general advancement of the people. Hut
with the inauguration of the territorial era there
was a large influx of ambitious and talented
men, anxious for place, and as anxious for or-

gans by which they could reach and influence
the public mind. Also, rival towns, with views
of metropolitan importance and greatness before
the eyes of their founders, were established,
and they too must needs have inciliums by
which their advantages and the disadvantages
of their rivals might be made known to the
world. Accordingly on the 2'Jtli of November,
1830, the Western Star rose on the horizon of
Milwaukee, then a vigorous and formidable •
rival of Portland and all other places for metro-
politan honors. Lot Whitcomb, a name very
widely and honorably known in Oregon in these
early days, was its publisher, and John Orvis
Waterman its editor. On the 4th of December,
Mr. Thomas J. Dryns issued the flrst number of
the Oregonian in Portland. In the following
March the first number of the Oregon States-
man was issued by Mr. Asahel Bush at Oreoft)n
City. From the first the Oregonian and States-
man became the organs of the two great |)oliti-
cal parties of the country, — tlie Whig and Dem-
ocratic. They were both of the most pronounced
ty))e of party journalism. Theireditors were men
of talent, full of zeal for their parties and
fearless in their advocacy of their principles
and candidates. While it is ])roper to concede
to both of the able editors of these papers a sin-
cere desire to advance the interest of the Terri-
tory, it is necessary to the trutii of history to
say that the style of their work was far more
that of the bitter partisan rather than of the
broad statesman. But, in the disjointed and
conglomerate state of social life, then prevalent
on the Pacific coast, where, more than any
where else in the world, every man did
what he pleased, and said what he pleased,
perhaps it would have been too much to exf)ect
that newspapers would be specially distinguis-hed
by their suaviter in modo rather than by their
fortiter in re. Certainly these were not, and
they won an unenviable notoriety for the style
of their journalism; but at the same time they
did much in these early and not very (juiet days
for the progress and development of the new
Territory.

1S6

BISTORT OF OREGON.

Tliu Wupturii Still' dill Mot loiiji ii'iimiii iiliuvo
tlui horizon. Tlio Statesiniiii iiiiJ* iiiid a soino-
wliat clioc'kered career, imt still exists, and is
MOW piitjlislied at Salem, the capital of the State.

The Oregoniaii has held on its steady course
of piihlication in the city in which it was estab-
lished; i,'rowing with the growth and strength-
enitii^r with the strength of the city and the
eonntry, nntil its scope and |)0wer as a daily
and weekly Jonrnal it is the fully equal, if not
indeed the real sujierior of any newspa[)(M- ])ul)-
lishcd on the Pacific coast; and there are few
in the nation that can stand as its rival.

The steamer hnilt in the antyinn of ISoO, was
construeted at Milwaukee and called in honor
of is owner the " I..ot Whitcomh " of Oregon.
She was launched on Christinas day, a great
crowd of peoj)le attending, amid peals of cannon
and the cheers of the multitude, Governor (iaines
formally christening her as she moved from
her ways into the waters of the Willamette. As
we give elsewhere an extended account of the
irrowth and extent of the inivigation interests
of this State, it is not ncccessary to pursue the

theme further at this point than to announco
the appearance of this pioneer of the magnificent
fleet of steam lioats that have since plied upon
the waters of Oregon.

Early in 1851 Samuel \l. Thurston, delegate
to (Jongress from the Territory, died. Ho was
on his way home from Washington, and while
at sea between I'anama and Acapulco, closed
his life, and was burled at Acapulco. Wlien
the news reached Oregon a few weeks later it
caused a general expression of sorrow. lie was
a brilliant young man, full of fiery ambition,
and it was expected that he would not only se-
onrc fame for himself but would accomplish
much for his adopted Territory. lie had made
a tine reputation during the sliort time he was
in Congress for ability and efttciency, and it
was thought that he would be returned, as he
belonged to the party that was strongly domi-
nant in the politics of the Territory. At its
next session the Legislature honored him by be-
stowing his name u[)on a county organized
north of the Columbia river, and now including
the capital of the State of Washington.

^^Bf

S^-^-

! !

HISTORY OK OUKQON.

rilAPTKU XVll.
TEKKITOKIAI. KKA, CONTINUED.
Gknkuai. Latkik Elkctki) I)p;i.E(JArK — Gout Disi-uvkkkd in Solthkkn Okwion — Indians (i>-

SoUTUKKN ()rK(»(IN A YkAK OK DiSASTKK — ImMIII liAliON (IK 1852 — DlVI81l).N OK TlIK '1'kKKI-

TORY — SizkoktiikTerkitobv — I'lOKT Sound Rkgion — -Movkmknt kou a Tkkrikiiiv North ok
TiiK Columbia -Gknkkai, Lane aciain (ioveknor — Talented Okkickhs — Lane Elected Dele-

<tATE TO C(>N(JKKSS — -JoilN W. DaVIS GOVERNOR — QlIKSTION OF StATE GoVKRNMENT Sill-

MiTTED — Is Succeeded hy Secretary Curry — Lkoislaturk again Suiimits the Question ok
State Government — It Secures a Lakoe Majority — State Convkmion — Its Personnel —
Questions 1'kndino— Constitution Adoi'tkd iiy tiih Pkoi'le— The Slavery (Question — Elec-
tion OF Representatives v. Congress and Senators — AuMiasioN Retarded — Oregon Ad-
MirrED A8 a State.

HIE act ill Mr. Tluirstoir.s CongrcRsional
course tliiit lirouglit liiiii most credit was
^ what was called the " <)rogon Land
Law."

Ill Oregon, e8j)ecially during the active life
ot" those who more or less prominently were as-
sociated with the events of this period, the au-
thorship of this law was a subject of very
acrimonious claim and counter-claim. That is
a discussion into which we see no reason to en-
ter. It seems to us most probable tliat no one
man can olaiin to have originated and perfected
that measure. In the very earliest propositions
in Congress looking toward the settlement of
Oregon by emigration from the Eastern States
there appears something relating to some propo-
sitions for the donation of lands to actual set-
tlers. In the measures of Senators Linn and
Benton such a ])urpo8e i.s clearly outlined.
When Mr. J. Quiiin Thornton was in Wash-
ington as a messenger from the provisional
governor and other leading citizens of the
State in 1848, he prepared a bill with the same
general provisions and purpose. The bill finally
urged to its passage by Mr. Thornton was of the
same tenor. After all that had been done by
others in the long course of time, during which
Oregon settlement was before Congress in var-
ious ways, Mr. Thornton's bill could not have

been wholly original in conception nor even in
form. Still substantially the bill was his, as
the only man authorized to speak on the floor
of Congress for the people of t)regon, while, at
the same time, its general purpose was a growth
in the minds of many men for a series of years.
It was Mr. Thornton's duty, as delegate, to put
into concrete form the abstraci, and multifarious
suggestions that ho had caught up from many
sources, and mold them into an act of legisla-
tion. This duty he did.

This law provided, in general, for the dona-
tion of a section, or 640 acres, of land to a mar-
ried man and his wife wlio should settle on
and cultivate the same before a given time, in
accordance to the provisions of the law; uiid
320 acres, or half a section, to a single man. The
provisions were liberal, and yet without the set-
tlement and cultivation of the land, so distant
was it from the older States, the land was valut-
lesj to the Government.

The effect of the passage of the land law was
very marked in two respects: First, it stirred
the fever of emigration from fhe Western States,
and sent thousands across the plains when, but
for it, then would not have i)een scores.
Secondly, it alienated the old servants of the
Hudson's Bay Company, who had settled on
some of best lands in the Territory, from their

lITsriUir i)F OltFJlON.

loyiilty til llmt ('(uniiiiny, which tlicy \\m\ liithurto
tiiTved so fHitlifiilly, iiiid tiiriicd their tliouj;;hts
lit (iiii,'(' ti) Aiiiericiiii citi/ciishiii as tliat to
whieli they must foe thu irieaiis oi' iic(jiiiiiiiif an
easy iiiile|ien(lt'iici'. V.ww the active iiieinbers
aiid (itliccis of that coin|)aMy licj^aii to feel that
it liml (lone for tlieiii all it could do, a'nl 'ta
work liec^aii to rest, like a gulling yoke, upon
their t*hoiihlor>. In jiroportioii as tlic United
Stati'S could hold out promises of help, that
company lu'canie less capable of helping any
l)ody. and its own iieople could not hut see it.
So as the new iK^pe rose to them the old hope
eef, and Oregon as an American Territory be-
gan at once to feel the pulse of a new and
vigorous life.

The news of his death reached Oregon a few
weeks before the general ele<'tion at which his
successor was to be elected, and (ieiieral Joseph
Lane, who had returned from California, became
the Democratic candiilate in bis stead, lie was
elected over W. II. Willson, his Whig opj)onent,
by a vote of 2,093 against 548.

I'eyond the events hei'e rt'corded there was
little during the years 1851 and 1852 of 8])e<'ial
historic interest. AVliat awakended the most
interest, and contributed most to the general
prosperity .of the country, was the discovery of
rich and e.xtensive mines of gold in Southern
Oregon early in 18.^1. Several thousand miners
in a few months tilled the hills and gulches
tributary to Rogue river valley. The town of
Jacksoiiville was founded, and the inininj^ camps
and agricultural settlements spread up aiul
down the valleys and tlirough the hills from
the California line to the (.allapooia mount
ains. Several towns were laid out, the one
proving the most important and prosperous be-
ing Scottsburg on the Tnijiqua river. Such
an impetus was given to the settlement of the
country by the discovery of the mines that in
1852 two counties. iJrjuglas and .lackson, were
organized by the Legislature. From those, in
later times, (^oos, Curry and Josephine have
been taken.

The Indians of southern Oregon were a i

strong and warlike people. They liad always
l)cen hostile in spirit, and of[en in fact, since
the whites began t(i pa>s through their country.
Tiie early hunters and fur traders were put
upon their utmost vigilance, and often their
greatest bravery, while pursuing their vocta-
lions among them. Kveu the Hudson's liay
Company was compelled to deal with them
with a strong and relentless hand, to secure the
safety of their parties when passing through the
country. In 1811 two missionaries, Messrs.
.lason I>ee and (iustavus llines, made an ex-
ploration of the Umpqua valley, with the inten-
tion of establishing a mission at the mouth of
tliat stream, but found them so untractable and
giving so little promise of improvement, and
were in such peril of their own lives during the
short time they were encamped among them,
that the design was ubandone(L .Numerous
collisions occurred between the Indians and
comj)anie8 of whites traveling on the highways
and trails, or engaged in mining, so that a
spirit of mutual distrust, not to say hatred,
grew up between the whites and the Indians,
and much violence was perpetrated on both
sides, culminating at last in an Indian war, the
story of which is told elsewhere.

Eighteen hundred and (ifty-two was a year of
much disaster, as well as of some prosperity in
Oregon. A very large immigration reached
the country, but it came mostly impoverished
and forlorn. Probably not less than 10,000
"crossed the plains," as the journey was then
familiarly called, that year. The season was
dry. The great bands of cattle and horses soon
consumed the scant pasturage of the plains.
Thousands of stock, coming late in the season,
died in consequence. For hundreds of miles
the atmosphere was heavy with the fetid and
sickening stench of decaying animals. The
slow progress, the poor food, the tainted atmos-
phere combined to induce disease, and a great
number of people <lied on the way, and prob-
ably as many after arrival from the effects of the
journey. Notwithstanding, after their arrival
in the country the immigrants soon melted into

BTsroar of orkoon.

180

1 1 ways

I KJIICU

II II try.

• IMlt

tlii'ii-
vui'a-

lliciii
lliu
tlie

the great iiia«« of the population, anil tiie sad-
ness of their lot difl not seem to he bo appalling.
There was a 8nilneen inexpretisilih' that liiig(«reil
long on the facer of liiinilredB of men and
women and children who roinemlierod the
lonely griives wliere the earth pressed the uii-
cottinod hosoms of hnsband or wife, children or
])areiit8, on the I'latte, among the mountiiin
lu'ij^hts, in the deserts of Snake river, or jier-
chance, wliat was even sadder, the iingraved
rest of a loved one under the waters of the deep
iiiid glodiny rivers of the plains.

While this sad procession of sorrow was
winding their weary and halting way down from
the mountains, the intellij^eiice of tiieir wants
had sped more rapi<lly than they, and aronsed
the deepest commiseration in Oregon, where
people knew so well the terrors and trials of the
way they were pursuing. Pnhlic meetings were
held, donations of money and fi)od were lavishly
made, men offered their services without <'oni-
pensation, commissioners were appointed to
disburse the relief, and in a very sliort time
caravans of supply were moving eastward to
meet and relieve the famishing multitudes.
They were met as far east as Grande Itonde
valley, and their wants were supj)lie<l as far as
it was possible for this unstinted liberality and
unselfish services to 6up])ly them. At length,
late in the autumn, after the deep snows were
on the mountains, the last of the suffering im-
migration arrived in the Willamette valley, and
took up their part of building n f'acific empire.

It is impossible for any but those who them-
selves "crossed the plains" in these early days
to realize the indescribable horror of such a
situation as we have endeavored to describe, in
the midst of the then desolate loneliness of that
wild and weird journey. The writer speaks of
it thus because he knows what it was. He saw
it, felt it, endured it. In his six months' jour-
ney over all this way, many nights he spent a
sleepless bivouac under the open hea'-ens, look-
ing into the unroofed heights for some sight of
life, listening nnto the infinite silences for some
voice that might bear a word of com|)aiiion8hip

to the soul, but could see only the far swing of
the rolling \v ivens, iiear oidy the footsteps uf
God in the inarch of the stars. He can realize,
ther(<fore, that it is impossible to state in too
pathetic ;■ rms the sadness of the eoiidition of a
large number of the famishing immigrant-- of
1852, for at least half of the 2,000 miles of
their journey.

Two subjects of a political character largely
engaged pulilic. attention in the autumn and
winter of 1852. One was the division of the
Territory by the line of the Columbia river and
the organization of a new one north of that
stream, and the other the formation of a consti-
tution for a St.i'i' government. These subjects
liad been <juiti |irominently discussed in tlie
public prints as well ;is in pri jite circles before
the Legislature met for its session in December.
Wiien that body met they recel' od its early at-
tention. During the session a bill providing
for the holding of a convention to frame a State
constitution passed the House of Hepresenta-
tives, but failed to pass the Council. The ele-
ments against the jiroposed action consisted
mainly of the Whig jiarty, which was the mi-
nority jiarty in the .'^tate, and the representatives
of that portion of the Territory lying north of
the Columbia, where already a sti nig movement
hail been inBUffurated for the oriranizatiou of a
new Territory. With the failure to call a con-
stitutional convention the movement for the
organization of a new Territory came at "uee
prominently to the front and secured the con-
sideration of the Legislature.

The Territory of Oregon at that time con-
tained an area of 341,000 square miles. It was
more than eight times as large as the State of
New York, evidently by far too large for ad-
mission into the Union as a single State. It
was divided into two nearly equal parts by the
Columbia river from the sea eastward to old
Fort Walla Walla, where the river made a great
northward sweep, its upper waters reaching
even north of the forty-ninth parallel. The
great center of population was the Willamette
valley, projecting southward from the CoUimbij^

t! !

i .

\ ■ li

i
i '

niii

tiisroRy Oh' oHKauN.

iilxiiit l"() mill's I'list of its iiioiitli, it lining
iiliuiii litty iiiilfrt wiile l)y iiiii' IiiukIi'imI uml titty
ill li'ii^tli. South of the laiii^i! of iiioiintaiiirt in
wliicli the Williiiin'ttf river rlst's i» lJin|)(jim
valley, and ^-till .-oiith of that K(.^'iii' rivor val
ley. tncli holding; a ('oiiiiiclcralilc popiiliitioii. All
ot thesf vhlleys wcro i.'a[ial)U' of biintaining
tii(Misaii(ls (pt j)i'o|ili' where tiicy tlieii had linn
(Irt'do. 'I'hc ief;ion north of tin; C'olilinhiii and
west cif the Caseado mountains was also beconi-
in:r i|iiite iPO|iiil()iis. Til is was the j^reat Imsiii
of I'licet souihI, extending fi'oni the straits of
iliian de Fiiea |iiactieally dear to the ('ohiiiil)ia,
a distRiice id' over llOO miles, and from the
Olympia to the ('aseade raiifje, and on its south-
ern side, where the Olymjiia range lireaks down
and disaiiiieiirs, from the I'acitic ueean to the
Cascade range. Around and along I'liget soiind
i'oin]ianie8 of pioneers had chosen tiie most fa-
voraUle points for shipping and were already
he;;iiining to prophesy tlie future coinniereial
greatness of the eoiintry. Olyiiijiia, Tumwatur,
Steilacooiii, I'ort Townshelid, Wliidliy iHlaiu),
Seattle and other points had their settlers.
Aloiii; the north shore of the C'olumliia were
Vancouver, ('uwlitz valley and scattered eettlers
wen; all along its borders. The country was
separated from the Soutiicrn hy a natural
geogruiihical hoiindai'v. and the interests of tlie
two sections were often diverse and cutiHicting.
The region south of the Coliiiiihia was an agri-
cultiival country, that north, a lumhering and
coal-ininiiig territory. Politically, the north
was ill a hopeless minority and could secure no
legislation for itself. For these reasons the.
iiardy pioneers of I'uget sound greatly desired
a separate territorial organization and the peo-
ple south of the Columbia river were ready to
concede the propriety and justness of their
wish.

Tlie first |)nl)lic movement in this direction
had been made on the 4th day of July, 1851,
when a piildio meeting was iield in Olympia to
consider the subject. Others were held at Cow-
litz and Steilacooiii soon after. In Sejitember,
1855i, tlie Columi)ian newspaper was founded

at Olympia, lor tiie advocacy of this plan, by
T. K. McKlroy and .1. N. Wilev. In Novem-
ber a convention of delegates assembled at
Monticello on tlio Cowlitz river and prepared
u memorial, which was forwarded to Delegate
Lain', and by biin presented to Congress. Ho
had previously procured the introdueiion of a
bill from the committee on Territories to cre-
ate the Territory of Columbia. On its |iaBsage
through the House of iiepresentatives this was
amended by changing the name to " Washing-
ton," and in this form it |iiissed both Houses of
('oiigress and secured tlie president's signature
on tiie 3d day of March, 1853. The Legisla-
ture of Oregon approved this action and passe<l
a memorial recommending it, but it did not
reach \Vasiiington before the liill bad become
a law.

The wti'K Territory embraced all of Oregon
north of the Columbia river and the forty-si.xth
parallel of latitude, anil Olympia was made its
capital. President I'ierce immediately appoint-
ed the Territorial otKcers, consisting of Major
Isaac I. Stevens, of the United States engineers,
as governor; Charles H, Mason, secretary; J.
S. Chadwick, attorney; J. Pattoii Anderson,
marshal; Edward Lauder, Victor Monroe and
O. U. McFaddeii. jii'dijes. Governor Stevens'
proclamation assuming the duties of his office
was issued while he was crossing the liocky
inoniitains, in what is now tlie State of Mon-
tana, on Sc|)teiri!ier 29, 1853 The boundaries
of the Territor" of Washington included those
portions of the States of Montana and Idaho
west of the Rocky mountains and north of the
forty-si.xth parallel, and all of the present State
of Washington. Its population at this time
was 3,y05.

Up to this time our history has covered all
that became Washington Territory by this Con-
gressional action. Still, it had been settled so
recently, and was still so sparsely po^iiilated,
that but little of historic interest Imi' occurred
ill it except what related to the voyages of dis-
covery, the transactions of the Hudson's i'ay
Company, and the settlement of the bound ry

ItlhTOHY Ofi' OUKOON-

161

vuin-

>Mreil

I'lrille

JIo

•r a

ITl'-

wart

K of

turn
[isla-

lSSf<l
Hot

oino

line Iwtween the Uiiitcil Httitos »w\ KiiglHiid,
itiiil tin' liiiliaii wai'rt iti which Ori'jfim niul
\VH«iiingt<)ii weri! iilii<f hiuI fogetliur itivolveil.
These niilvjecls are trented of under their appro-
priiite hi'«(ln. With this nxjihinatioii we pni-
ceed witii tiio history ot' < )i'i'jroii unilor tiie Ter-
ritorial regime.

Oref^oti, lilto all other Territories under the
vicious system of Territorial (ioverninent
adopted by our National Legislature, for all the
time of her exifiteiiee as a Territory was made
the prey of party s|)oii8ineii. I'olitically, noth-
ing could settle (low:, into a nominal and healthy
state. With every change of national adminis-
tration the exeeutive and judicial officers were
changed. The people of the Territory had no
voice in the s«'leetion of these officers. This often
tlirew tlie executive into conflict with tlic legis-
lative hranch, and was a fruitful source of dis-
gatisfnction and unrest.

On the 4th of March, 1863, Franklin Pierce
was inaugurated president of the United States.
On the 15th day of the same month he changed
the entire personnel of the Territorial (xovern-
nient, removing the former Whig incumhents
and ap])ointing Demociats in their stead, as
follows: Governor, (ieneral Jo8ej)ii Lane; secre-
tary, George L. Curry; chief-justice, George
II. Williams; associate justices Matthew P.
Deady and Cyrus Olney; marshal, James AV.
Nesmith; collector of customs, John Adair;
superintendent of Indian aflairs, Joel L. Palmer;
attorney, Benjamin V. Harding.

It must be conceded that thes>e selections of
President Pierce were not only pei.ionally unob-
jectionable, but the list j)resente an array of gen-
eral talent, executive ability, legal acumen, and
personal character altogether w orthy of notice.
Four of the men named abov.: reached the posi-
tion of United States senator from Oregon,
namely: Joseph Lane, George Tl. Williams,
James W. Nesmith and Henjamin F. Harding.
One, Jo8e|)h Lane, was a candidate for vice-
president of the United States. One, George
H. Williams, was attorney-general of the United
States, and was norainated by President Grant

for rhi(!f justice of the (Inited States. One,
Matthew P. Deady, reached the high position
of justice of the United Stat<'s district court,
anil is concededly one of tlw alilest jurists in
the United States. It is iloulited if any Terri-
torial adniinistnition in the history of the
country ever lichl at one time hu<'h a num-
ber of men at one t ne, who liecitnu' so greatly
and so justly celebrated in the history of
their State and of the mition at large, as this
ruie. Another fact must be noticed altogetlier
to their credit, namely, ail tho^io wiio were aji-
pointed to ottlce from the Eastern States bocaino
permanent citizens of Oregon, and thoroughly
and most usefully identilied thenit-eives with
every phase of its progress tiirough all itsTer
ritorial history, and afterwanl becntne the chit;'
promoters of its welfare as a State.

General Lane reached Oregon in May. He
was almost immediately nominated to sneceeil
himself as delefjjate in ('ongress, and at tlie
election which soon followed, was chosen over
A. A. Skinner, called "the people's candi<late"
by a vote of 4,5 1() against '-',951 for Mr. Skinner.
He soon departed for Washington, leaving the
governorship in the hands of the Territorial
secretary, Mr. George L. ('urry. In November
following John W. Davis, of Indiana, was ap-
pointed governor. Mr. Davis had served with
distinction in (!ongress, and for one term had
been speaker of the House of Representatives.

At the session of the Legislature which met
in Deceml)er, 1853, the question of the State
government was again brought forward, and
under mncli more favorable aus|)ices than be-
fore. The Government was strongly Demo-
cratic in all its branches. A bill was framed to
submit the question to a vote of the j)eople;
and, as it was a favorite measure with the lead-
ers of the dominant party, it was at first sup-
posed it would be sure to prevail. The Whig
party, the party of the minority, opposed
it, and a local intrigue between soutliern Oregon
and northern California for the formation of a
new Territory and ultimate State out of these
two sections, united the vote of Jackson county,

1«2

nisrouY OF mtKaoN.

one ut' tlio wtrun^^ur-t Dcmoui'iitic coiiiitios of the
Territory, with tiie Whiffs against it, and it was
ilefeated; iJ,21() voting tor and 4,079 aj^iiinst it.

In the sntnnier of 1854, (Jovernor Davis re-
signed, and the duties of governor devolved
again when Secretary Curry, who was afterward
appointed f>overiior hy President I'ierce.
Wlien tlie Tx'gishiture mot again in Deceniher,
1S.j4, the oil! subject of the constitutional con-
vention was the most prominent one before it
for consideration. After much discussion the
question was again sent down to the people for
decision at the .loxt general election, (ieneral
[jane in Congress eiuleavored to procure the
passage of a bill authorizing the people south
of the Columbia and west of the C!a8cade mount-
ains to friuno a State constitution, but witiiout
success. When the question, as submitted by
the Leifislature, was voted on it was again de-
feated; slunving that the proposition was one
of the politicians and not of the people, .lack-
son county again gave the deciding vote against
it, and for the same reason as before, (rcneral
Lane was again elected delegate to Conferees
over John I*, (-raines, the candidate of the Amer-
ican or Know >fothing party, by a large major-
ity.

A very bitter contontion arose between tiie
different as])iriiig cities of the Territory in re-
gard til the location of the capital. It had been
removed from Oregon City to Salem, then to
Corvallis. and tinally under instructions of the
secretary of tlie treasury, wdio authorized the
expenditure of money for capitol buildings ex-
cept at Salc'i until the validity of the legis-
lative act removing it had been passed upon by
Congress, (toveriior Carry removed the execu-
tive offices again to Salem. The contest pa.- sod
through two legislative sessions, and two or
three general and special elections, ami fin illy
ended in the capital remaining where Congress
had located il. at Salem.

AgaiTi the question of forming a State con-
stitution wont to the per pie at the . I une elec-
tion ill 18o7. A great change had coiue over the
feelings of the jicople. The (Tovernment as ad-

ministttred by the territorial Leirislature and
otHces was far from satisfactory. Hesides the
people of the Territory had claims against the
(irovornir,- ut to the amount of several mil-
lions of dollars for cxpensis incurred in the In-
ilian wars, an account of which is given else-
where, and it was evident that two senators and
a representative in ('ongress, entitled to vote,
as well as talk, would be much more likely to
secure th(ur payment than a delegate who could
only talk without a vote. The result of this
revolution was a very large majority for a con-
vention, the vote standing 7,209 lor, to 1,616
against it. At the same election delegates to
the cinstitntional eleetion were chosen; and on
the 17th day of August, 1857, they met at the
capital city for the formation of a constitution
for the State of Oregon.

The convention to form a constitution for the
intended State was composed of the following
gentlemen:

Benton: John Keksay, II. C. Lewis, II. U.
Nichols, II. H>. Matzger. Clatrop; (Jyrus Olney.
Columbia: John W. Watts. Clackamas: J. K.
Kelley, A. L. Lovejoy, W. A. Starkweather, II.
Campbell, Nathaniel Robins. Coos: V. 13.
Marple. Curry: William II. Packwood. Dong-
las: M. P. Deady, Solomon Fitzhugh, Stephen
S. Cliadwick, Thomas Witted. Josephine: S.
H. Ilendershott. W. U. Watkins. Jackson: L.
J. C. Duncan, J. II. Reed, Daniel Newcoinl), P.
P. Prim. Linn: Delazon Smith, Luther KI-
kins, John T. Crooks, J. II. Jirattaim, James
Shields, R S. Coyle. Lane: Enoch Hoult, AV.
W. Uristow, Jesse Cox, Paul Hrattaim, A. J,
Campbell. Isaac R. Moores. Marion; (teorge
II. Williams, L. F. (irover. J. C. Peebles, Jo-
seph Cox, Nicholas Shrmn, Davis Shannon,
Richard Miller. Multiiomali: S. J. McCor-
mick, William II. Farrar, David Logan. Mult-
nomah a;id Washington: Thomas J. Dyer.
Washington: K. D. Sliattuck, Jolui S. White,
Levi Anderson. Polk: Reuben P. Boise,
1''. Waymire, Benjamin F. Burch. Polk and
I Tillamook: A. D. Babcock. trm]V|ua; Levi
I .Scott. Jesse Ap[ili\gafc. Wasco: C. ',. Me'gs.

>Vlj.kWSM^.'.3.d.

i^^filMl^W

ni STORY Oh' URKaoN.

llid

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tlio

111 i I -

lii-

iiiid

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ly to

Olllll

this

Cdll-

,fU(i

l-'S to
UM
tllO

titiii

Vain Hill; M. ( )M>. li. \'. Sliuil. K. C. Kiiiiu'y.
Join, K. MdlriJe.

'I'lie iiortiomiol of this coiiveiitidH wiis '•<!-
spectalili', if imt, on the wliole.ciiiiiii'iit. \\ \t\'c
the coil veil tion coiitiiinuil several of tiie alilc^t
anil most intliiential iiieii of the State, it (.-oii-
tained a large nninber of men, rt'ho, (hough of
good personal character and intellioence, were
not specially fitted iiy education or wide contact
with affairs for duties of such grave character
as laying the constitutional foundations of a
great cominoiuvealth. Still, on the whole, with
exc.e])tioii8 that were taken at the time to some
of the limitations of the constitution formu-
lated, that seemed to contemplate nt no future
time a state of greater demands and wider in-
llnence than characterized this pioneer State,
the ilociunent formulated by the body was a fair
form of fundamental law.

One question before the convention, and be-
fore the people, subsequently pending the vote
upon it, excited a great deal of interest. That was
the then ever-present and ever-vexing ijueation
of slavery. The co:ivention avoided a decision
upon it by engrafting it upon the schedule as a
special article to be voted upon separately by
the |)eopio. This brought the discussion of
the (luestion before the people. The poli-
ticians, as a whole, ignored it in discussion. Ex-
tremists on both sides opposed the adoption of
the constitution, one side because i', clid not
establish slavery directly, and on the other be-
cause it did not ])rohibit it. Connected with
this general subject was also a separate arti.jle
prohibiting free negroes coming into the State.

A special election to vote upon the (juestion
of adoption was held on the second of the fol-
lowing November, and resulted as follows: For
the eoii^titiilion, T.l'Jo; against the constitu-
tion, 3,215. For slavery, 2,645 ; against slav
ery, 7,727. For free negroes, 1,081; against
free negroes, 8,040. Thus Oregon declared
herself in favor of assuming all the responsi-
bilities as Well as jirivileges of a State of the
Federal Union; and also declared in favor of
taking her place with the column of Freedom

iiisUad of (111 the tide ol t-hiveiy. The great
majority by which the separate article forbid-
ding slavery was adoptecl was rather a surprise
to many, liotli in Oregon and in the Eastern
States. The (|uestion came before the |)eopl(^ at
a time when all over the I nited States the slav-
ery question was lu: all absorbing topic. The
struggle of atgiimenf, both in (,'ongress and
among all the people of the c(uiiitry, that pre-
ceded and prtpared for the war of armies that
so soon followed, was at its highest ami hottest.
A very large proportion of the iio|iulation of
Oregon was from the slave States; ami conse-
quently many conlidently believed that slavery
Would bo adojiti'd by the peojile of the State.
The dominant party in Oregon was the Demo-
cratic. This [larty was divided in sentiment on
the slavery questioii as it was everywhere in the
.Xortli. Some of it;, leaders were on one side
and some on the other. It was this division
that caused the submission of the oejiarate
schedule on that subject to the people by the
Constitutional Convention. The free-soil (de-
ment of the Democratic party quietly voted with
the great body of the old Whig jiarty against
slavery, and thus gave freedom its large majority.
It should properly be said that probably the
majority of tlij people then in Oregon from the
Southern States voted against slavery. TlufV
had seen and felt its witl'ering jiower in the
States whence they came, and felt no dispo-
sition to engraft the same blight on the new
State they '"^le so bravely aiding to build.

The Territarin. Legislature met at its usual
time in Decpmb;r, 1857, but attempted but
little legislation.

For the next general election, in .June, 1848,
a full State ticket was nominated by the Demo-
cratic party. The Whig party was <iead. and
the Republican party was not yet organised in
Oregon, but a fusion opiiosition ticket was nom-
inated, with candidates taken out of the old
Whig party and one wing of the Democratic
party, and a very spirited canvas of the State
was made by the respective candidates. For
representatives in (jongress L. V. drover and

I', /

! W

184

UISrOHV Oh' OHKQON.

Jiiiiius K. Ki'lley, liotli Ut'iiKiciati^, were tlie
(•niicli<iati's. For governor, Jitlin Wliiteaker and
Iv M. I'.arimiii, also DeiuocratB. For sec-
retaiy of State. I<iiciei> lleatli and K. A. Uice.
For treapiirer. .lolui I). l>ooii, .1. S liroinley,
and K. I.. A|i|ile;i;ate. For State printer, A.
Hu«li and J. O'Meary, who were also members
of tlie Deniociatie party. M. P. Deady, li. P.
Hoise, 11. E. Stratton, and A. li. Wait wore elect-
ed judges of tlie Supreme Court. Tiie regular
DciMoeratic nouiineert, namely, L. F. Grover,
.iolm Wliiteaker. Liicien lleatli and John D.
lioon wert< eleeted hy considcralik' majorities.
.V State lefjislature was also eleeted at this lime,
(•oMsisting of tliirty-cight Democrats ami eleven
opposition. The "opposition" was now begin-
ning to be ealled liepublieans, altlionifli it was
ill reality a fusion of several eleinetits not yet
coftlem-od into a distinctive party organization.
The newly elected J.egislatnre met at Salem on
the (late ti.\ed by the eon.stitiition, the 5tli of
July, for the purpose of electing two United
States senators. On the 8th the governor-elect
look the oath of otHce. The Legislature eleeted
.losepli Lane liiid Delazoii Smith to represent
the new State in the United Sta es Senate, and
adjourned after a session of four days.

Although the State constitution had been
adoj^ted, and senators and a representative in
Oongress chosen under it, and the general State
ottieers had taken the oath of office, with the ex-
pectation that a State government was in full
operation, the wheels of the (Government sud-
denly stopped. IntclliL'ence was received that
C ingress had adjourned without the House ])as8-
ing the enabling net, which hail ])asKe(l the Sen-
ate in May, and therefore Oregon could not be
admitted into tiie Union as a State until the
next session of that bmly. Here was a dilemma.
There were two forms of government and two
full sets of officers. Nothing was to be done,
however, but for things to remain in stntu quo
until (Joiiifress should put the oil of leiiislation
on the axles of the State government. So the
constitutional time for the nueting of the State
lA^gislutun! was allowed to pass without the

meeting of that body; but the Territorial Legis-
lature met at the time of its annual session in
December, and held its regular session. Very
little business of importance was transacte<l.
i^oon after its adjournment news was received
that Oreifon had been admitted into the Union
as a State. Senators- elect Lane and Smith, and
Representative Grover were all in Washington
during the winter, urging the passage of the bill
admitting it, but though it early passed the Senate
it met a bitter and protracted opposition in the
House, and did not pass that iiody until the 12th
day of February, 1859. The opp>o.sition to the
admission of the State was mainly on grounds
of party politics, the Democrats -favoring and
the Republicans opposing it because Oregon
was a strongly Democratic State. Its tinal pass-
age was on a strict party decision.

Thus Oregon closed her long period of Terri-
torial vai-salago. Reckoning from its first settle-
ment by Americans, when the missionary com-
pany of Jason Lee arrived in the valley of the
Willamette, in the autinun of 1834, it was a
period of fifteen years; or, what is more histori-
cally accurate, counting from the emigration of
1842, the first real innnigration of any consid-
erable number id' Americans for the purpose of
establishing an American settlement, a |)eri()d of
seven years. Considering the distance of Ore-
gon from the centers of population east of the
Rocky mountains, and the great difficulty of
reaching it eitlier by land or water, the change
of the Oregon wilderness into a State of this Re-
public by the means of emigration in that length
of time is one of the most marvelous movements
of history, and demonstrates the unparalleled
capability and power of the Saxon race, of which
the Americo-Saxon is the I)right, consummate
flower. The star of empire had swept its shining
way to where the West and the Fjast met together,
and stayed its way on the shores of the I'aciiic
sea.

It is fitting that we close the record of the
Territorial history of Oregon by subjoining the
signatures of the delegates to the convention that
framed tlie constitution tinder which Oregon

i ' i

i I

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'*Hf>-9'-. nV'i.'JJi Z^'*,-^"*" ■■■■e--'-i

HlSroHY (IF OHKGON.

inri

was iidmittLMl iiifd the Union, held in SHlein,
Oregon, ScptcMuiier IH, 1857:

M. 1'. Dcady, president; Chef or N. Terry,
secretary; M. C. Backwell, assistant secretary;
Solomon Fitzlingh. Nathaniel liolihins, S. .1.
McCorniick, Paul Hrattaiti, Isaac U. Moores.
Keiiben S. Coyle, Enoch Iloult, William Matz-
ger, William A. Starkweather, Jesse Cox, ,1. II.
Hrattuin, L. J. C. Duncan, I. II. lieed, 1'. I'.
Prim, A. L. Lovejoy, James K. Kelley, David
Logan, Heiijamiii F. Burch, Thomas Whitted,
&. V. Short, Daniel Newcomb, (-Jiltin Elkins, La
Fayetttj Grove, Davis Shannon, Sitlney n.,IIen-

dershott, John W. Watts, P. H. Mayii.'C, A. D.
I'abcoek, Uielmrd Miller, V. Wayiiire, Josepli
Cox, Delazon Smith, Thomas I. Dryer, John T.
Crooks, William II. Packwood, Levi Anderson,
John Ivelsav, liohert C. Kinney. Jame.s Shields^
John S. White, (ieorge II. Williams, William
11. Farrar, Stephen F. Chadwick, John li. Mc-
Bride, W. W. Hri.^^tow, N. Shrnm, II. B.
><i('h(>ls. J. C. Peebles, A, .1. Claniijbell, Itenlien
P. Boise, Cyrus Olney, W. II. Watkins, Ilaman
(J. Lewis, Jesse AppU>j;ate, Levi Seott, F. D.
Shattnck, (3. II. Meigs, W. Olds.

^if (pi:!i)^^.^- -

ciiAPTKii xvin.

OUEGON A8 A STATE.

SKNATotjs AND Reprksentat:vi;r Ai)Mittei> — PoMTicAi, Statis oftiikCountuv — Or.i) Inpi.uknoes
Kkmain — Rbview ok the Conditions Prkoedent — Qukstionb Involvkd in Okeoon's Admission

A8 a SrATE--JrDIOIAI, SvSTEM — Ji:DllK8 Al'POINTKl) LKOrsl.ATUliK CONVENED — PoMTICAL

Changes — Dei.azon Smith — June Election — Politicai, Conflict ok 18()0--Oki;oon I'oit Lin.
roLN — Leoislatubk Meets in SErrEMiiEB-— Baker and Nesmith Elected Senators- -Political
State — Intelligence of the Beginning of the Wak — Bheaking Down ok Pakty Lines — ■
Lewis Ketukns to Oregon — Army Okfioeus -Death of Se.naior Bakkk — Oregon Tkob-
ouohlv Loyal — Stark Appointed Senator — Congressional Election — Union Party Vio-
T0IU01T8 — Legislature Meets and Elects Ben Harding Senator — Goveknor (iini;>i' Mes-
sage — Passage of Constitutional Amendment — Attitude ok the State To waiui hie Gen-
eral Government — Legal Tender Question— Governor Gihds' Administration.

^ONGIiESS, as we have seen, passed the
bill admitting Oregon as a State of the
Federal Union, on the 12tli day of Febru-
ary, 1859, and the president approved the act
oil the 1-tth. on which day Senators Delazon
Smith and .roseph Lai'.e and Kepresentative La
Fayette (irover presented their certitieates ot
election and took the oath of otiice in tlieir re-
spective houses. In drawing lots for senatorial
terms Senator Smith drew the term ending the
4th of March, following the adniiseion, and Sen-

ator Lane that ending Alarcli 4, 1801. Repre-
sentative Grover's term wonld al8oexi)ire March
4, 1859. Although this is not a political his-
tory, and does not design to deal circumstantial-
ly with the political questions, yet it seems
proper to jiause at tliis point long enough to
give our readers some knowledge of the politi-
cal status of the country up to the present time.
This is the more necessary because political af-
filiations determined more of the relative promi-
nence of individual characters in the historv of

IHO

Jll.ilOUy I IF DitKGON.

It B

Uii

':• ll

i. i<

tliii 'IVri'itoi'v I'liil nf the State tlmn any etibuiitiHl
and iiitriii.sic Mipi-riiii'ity of tlie men tliciiiselvos
(ivcr other men. Tliis often j^ave men an ajipar-
ent elevation to wliicli notliinj^f that they liml
really liiiii' for the coiintiy entitled them, and
relejrated otliers whose real service to ( )refi;on
fully entilied tiieni to t'eeocrnition to historical
olis<Mirity. 'I'he gilded tiiiselry of ofliee j^littcrs
niiich more brightly and ean he seen nnicii
fiirthei-, than the solid old o.dd cd' character and
woith. If one were to jndge from place and of-
fice ho migiit suppose that all the i-eally ahle
me I and jiatrinric and usefnl men of Oregon be-
lon,'(Ml to oni^ ]ioliticul party from the time its
Territorial ii;overnnient was constituted up to the
time it became a State in 1859.

I'olitically, so far as politics entered into the
elections, from the time tile provisional govcrn-
ine!>. I ceased to e\ist, Orej^on wa. strongly Dem-
ocratic. The first election of dekv'tes to (Jon-
gress was not made on a strictly party basis,
although the gentleman elected, Honorable
Samuel !!. Thurston, was a Democrat. The is-
bues at that time were more personal and lucal
than political. The country had not yet gotten far
i-nongh away from the intliicnco of the (dd con-
troversy between the Hudson's l!ay Company
and the American citizens, to cease to feel that
injioiitics. in social life everywhere, indeed, op-
position to that company, extending even to the
j;entlemen who had separateil themselves from
it, was the touchstone of political and personal
merit. Hudson's Iky and anti-Hudson's Bay
were the vital distinctions. Heyond this, per-
sona] friendships, church atiinities, intellectual
abiliti.«»8, entered into and went far toward de-
cidinir the canvass for the homn-able ])ost of first
dclej^ate to Congress from Oregon.

Another (dement entered into it; namely,
what was then known as the "missionarv influ-
ence." No writer of Oregon history can iixnore
the fact tlmt. as Oregon tilled up with immi-
grants, theri' grew up a jealousy agains, the
missionary establishments and the missionaries
tlwmselve.s, Iiecause of the almost controlling
inlluence they had so long exertt^d over the

counti'v. I'ndiably, too, the inisBionuricii them-
S(dve8 felt a like jealousy of the growing power
of the immigrants, smd were not a little re-
luctant to have the power they had hehl so long
slij) out of their grasp. These were natural and
inevitable results, and it is not necessary, as
some writers have done, to charge, on the one
han<l, overweening religious and clerical ambi-
tion, and criminal desires for church aggran-
dizement; nor on the other a total indifference
to, or disregard of, the claims of religion and
morality on the part of those who were opposed
to tho longer dominance of tlie "missionary in-
fluence'' in the affairs of the Territority. Such
charges, on either side, lack judicial discrimi-
nation, and show tlnit those who make them
are neophytes in moral casuistry, and totally
inconipetent to analyze the motives or weigh
the philosophy of history.

In the canvass that resulted in the election
of Mr. Thurston as delegate to Congress, these
mutual jealousies and })rejudices played a not
entirely insignificant part, especially in the aj)-
peals of candidates from the stump, although
they, not uidikely, countervailed each other to a
considerable degree in tlie electoral result.
Mr. Thurston, as we have said, was himself a
Democrat. At the same time lie was anti-
Hudson's Bay and jiro-missionary; that is, he
favored such Congressional action as would give
Americans first rights, if not exclusive rights,
in land-claims, and would not recoynize the
right of the Hudson's Bay people to the privi-
leges of the land-law, anil other privileges that
belonged to established citizenshi|i; and in re-
gard to the missions he favored their preten-
siims to land claims as missions, and was, without
doubt, in general sympathy with their purposes
and work.

Mr. Thurston's chief competitors for the po.
sition of delegate werfi Mr. (.'oluinbia liancaster.
also a Democrat, and ,\[r. .1. X. Nesmiih. at
that time ranking politically, rather as an inde-
pendent Whig, though afterward a Democrat,
anil one of the most eminent of that party in
the State. Mr, Thurston's election, however.

nrsTonr of onRnn^.

iflt

Wilts siitli(M(Mitly <ieeiMivc to justify liiin in feul-
iiii^ timt he liiul tlio contiileiice of iiid coiitstit-
iieiicy, iit'i'soimlly, iiiitl that tlio vicwn ho en-
tertiiincil in regani to the questions referred to
iihove, and hU the (juestiuns thiit wei'i; involved
in tlie cunvass, had tlie support of tlie peojjlo of
the Territory, not as poiitieal, hut as practical
Buhjec.ts rehitinir to the prosperity of Orejron.

During tiie two years of Mr. 'I'iiurston's iii-
cinnljency the politics of the Territory retained
the status on whieli his election was decided.
Still, on any question into which jjarty con-
trollingly entered the Democrats far ontnuni-
herud the ojjposition, so that it was clear that,
as soon as the people should swing away from
those local issues that so vitally affected them,
theTei'ritory would take its place as Democratic.
The death of Mr. Thurston, of which we have
hefore spoken, while on his way to give a re-
port of his political stewardship to his constit-
utents, and to ask again for their suffrages for
the office of delegate, hy removing the most
prominent pcr.sonality from the political arena,
no douht hastened tiie party issues. Still it
was hardly Democrat vs. Whig, hut Democrat
and a conglomerate opposition, becanse the
Whig party was already fa.st becoming a rem-
iniscence, while the Democratic was in the
Hush of its greatest power. Rut even with this
tendency the next election for delegate was not
altogether on party grounds, for many of tlie
sairio elements that had entered into the former
entered into this. General Lane was loth a
candidate for himself, and the inheritor of the
prestige and sentiineiits of Mr. Thurston, and
withal, a decided Democrat. In fact he had
no organized opposition, Mr. William II.
Willson, without lieing a candidate, either by
his own announcement or by the nomination of
any party, being voted for by 548 voters, while
General Lane received 2,098 votes.

From this time onward, however, party lines
were drawn, and the Democrats were found to
be in a decided majority, and they held a com-
[ilete ascendency over the politics of Oregon
during all the remainder of her territorial vas-

salage. Kvery delegate eledcil l.i (Jongress
from Oiegon was a Democrat, and she came
into the I'nion as a State with two Deniiierafic
seiuitors and a Democratic representali\i' in
C'oiigress, and every ollice of tht^ new Statu
goV(!rnment tilled liy a Democrat, and all put
there by overwhelming innjorities.

Oregon came into 'he I'nion with the friend-
ship of the country. Iler history had been such
as ^to challenge till) admiration of tlie(diival-
rous of a'.l parts of the land, and the story tif
her settle nent had over it the hue of romance.
The East and the West, the Mortli and the
South, liiid liDuds (jf cctnsaniniinil V that stretclieil
from plain and mountain and jirairie to the
humble homes of the pioneers of the Willam-
ette and the Umpqua and I'uget sound. There
was but a single embarrassing consideration that
seemed at all to (lualify tliat friendship, and
that was purely political and arose out of the
political relations of the question of the admis-
sion of Oregon with that of the admission of
Kansas, whicli was pending before Congress at
the same time. J>ut this coinj>licatioii did not
prove sufficient to induce Congress to withhold
the privilege of Statehood from the distant ter-
ritory that her people Inul so fairly won from
rugged Nature and an opposing nation. And
80 with the good wishes of all and the enmity
of none Oregon began her career as a State, and
to her history as such We now turn.

In organized States the lirst history is politi-
cal. So it must needs be here. In extending
the laws and judicial systein of the United Slates
over Oregon, Congress had provided for one
United States judge, and to this highest judi-
cial place in the State, Hon. Matthew i'. Deady,
who ha<l bi^en elected at the State ehn'.tioii one
of the circuit and supreme judges, was ap-
pointed, Hon. P. P. Prim lieing appointed to
the place thus vacated by the elevation of Mr.
Deady. So the judiciary of Oregon when llie
State government began to exercise its power
consisted of lion. M. P. Deady, United States
judge. N. K. Wait. M. P. Hoise and Stratt.m.
district and supreme judges; J. K. Kelley,

I OS

iiisroiiY OF oHKiiojy.

! ^ it

Uiiitiid Statiis uttiiriicy iiiiil Waltfi' I''iii\viiril,
UiiitiMl Statt'M iiiiirMliiil. Soiin ('liiiMij;t'!* woro i
Hoim iiiinlii in minor olHcus not necessary to i
ni(Mitioii.

(iovfi'Mor Wliitciikor convdncil tiic l-ci^islii-
tiirc on tlio Kilii of May, and tiiat Ixuly pi'o- .
(•(M'di'cl 1(1 put tin; .Sta'e into liai-moriy witll tlie
jirovisions ol' tiiu laws of Con^ri'HS ami the act
aiiniittiiig hi!i' into tiio Union. lint little olso
wax ilone. and, after inakinif provisions for a
B|)e('ial election in June for representative to
(Jongress in place of L. F. (trover, whose term
had expired. Senator Smith's tei'm had also
expired, hut the liej^islature o' 'tted to elect his
Buccessoi', altluiiii^h that hody was very Htrono;ly
Democratic. This omission was an omen of a
con\in<^ political npheaval, whose premonitory
tremors were already shaking the land.

Willi the adjournment of the Legislature all
political (jnestions were also adjourned to the
arbitrament of conventions and the ballot-box.
In the Democratic convention of the State Rep-
resentative (Jrover hail failed to secure a re-
nomination, and Landing Stout was nominated.
Mr. (irover had been a .'avorit(!of his partj' and
])ersonally he was a very and desorvedly ])opular
man. An extended notice of him elsewhere in
this volume precludes the need of one here, but
it is due that wo should say here that he had as
many (|ualities that would render him influen-
tial, in an intellectual and social way, as often
falls to the possessions of men. His personal
character and conduct were admirable. There
was nothing in these that set him aside; it was
only because a new iiiHuence, adverse to the
Lane-Smith-Grover inrtuenco, 'had risen to
the control of the party that had elected him,
that both he and Smith were set aside and other
men took their crowns. As, at this time, Mr.
Dela/.on Smith retires permanently from official
place in (Jrej^on, it is projjer that a few sentences
should i)e (^iven to identify his place in the his-
tory of the country.

Mr. Smith bei^an his puiilic career in New
York as a Democratic speaker and editor. Sub-
sequently he went to Iowa, where ho distin-

f^uisheil himself asa " stump orator. " Hecame
to Oregon as an emigr.mt in IS.I'i, and here
immediately entercnl the jiolitical (ield, still as
a Democrat, and soon became noted as the most
elTective, if not the most aide, political spuaker
in the State. Though a small man, not over live
feet four, he had a lofty and digniKed bearing,
a voice of wonderful compass and power, and
the strong and impassioned delivery of a natural
orator. Ho was bold and aggressive, full of self-
confidence and with a kind of contomjjt of op-
position and opponents that showed somethiui;
of an overweening egotism. He was, for years,
the orator of his party on fi;reat and exigent oc-
casions, and thouiih he lacked the culture or the
fineness of many of the great leaders of that
party in those days, yet none could rouse the
enthusiasm of political iTiasses like him, or from
the popular arena bear away as many laurels.
iit..gely he had borne his party onward to its
position of power in the State in the feelings of
the masses. He occupied his place in the Son-
ate of the United States so short a time that he
ha<l no opportunity to show how he could have
coped with the men of might in that body, but
as a ])opnlar orator there have been few on the
I'acitic coast who were the eijual of Delazon
Smith. He will corae before us onoe more v^ien
we may give a tinal estimate of him.

The time had now come in Oregon when the
elements that had, in some confused way, an-
tagonized the Democratic party could coalesce
as a part of the groat national party called the
lieptiblican, and at a convention of that party
held in April, David Logan was nominated for
Congress and delegates were elected to the com-
ing national convention of that party, and in-
structed to vote for William H.- Seward as a
candidate for the presidency. The election oc-
curred in June, and such had been the change
in the relations of parties consequent on the
former conflicts that agitated the country pre-
liminary to the Ilebcllion, that the Democratic
candidate was elected by only the scant margin
of sixteen votes.

We are now in a period of political disinte-

^^^m^

HISTORY Oh' Ollh'dOX.

lim

■ini'
as

■•if

l\o

^iiitidii Mini r('('c)iir.frin'tioii ; tlic lio^inning of u
iit'w urn ill iiutioiiiil iilt'uii's. In ()rcKim tlu'
ciiiist's tliiit w'fi'c fcarinii awu}' ulil party laiiil-
iiiarks were wurkiiii; as .■itroii;;!^ as elsfwliurt'.
Still in till,' ]n'nilinn; cli'dioii for rcprcHcntativc
ill L'onjjjress tin; Di'iiiotratie camliilatf, (t. K.
Sliiel, was elected over Uavid Loj^aii, who was
ai;ain the U('[)ulilicaii wiiiilidatc liy a niaJDrity of
104 votes. Muaiitiinc the national conventions
(d' the two great parties had hcen held The
Deniucratic ('(invention had lieen disrii]ited;
two had heen iield: One at (Uiarleston, and one
at Baltimore, and dohn C. Hreekenridgo and
Josepii Lane had heen nominated in the one,
and Stephen A. Douglas and Ilerschel V.
Johnson in tlie otiier. The liepiihlican conven-
tion at Chieajjo had nominated Ahraham I>in-
eoiii ami Ilannihal ilainlin, and the hattle of
the i^iants was thus joined.

The political conflict of ISfiO was by fur th(!
most remarkttlile ever known in ()re;,'on. With
a multitude of lesser liahts, the great lights tf
the political tirinainent were E. D. Haker
on the side of tiie Uepiitjlicans, Delazon Sinitli
on that of the Hrecken ridge Democrats, and
George II. Williams on tiiat of the Douglas
Democrats. Tlie canvass of tiie State by Baker
and Smith constituted an oratorical and loffical
tonrnainent scarcely excelled by that of Doug-
las and Lincoln in Illinois, in 1858. Mr.
Williams' canvass was equally able, but being
made alone did not attract that intense inter-
est that the debates of Baker and Smith did.
Smith's oratory was a torrent, foaming, roaring,
tearing, and at times apparently bearing down
all before it. Baker's was clear, clean, classic,
finished, with a rhetoric that was faultless, a
logic that left few joints for any spear to pierce,
and a grace of action and melody of voice that
WHS unrivaled. The themes were equal to the
orators, indeed beyond them, or any other o. ■-
tors. Vast aiudiences gathered everywhere.
There was not much of the thoughtless effer-
vescence of ward politics in the audiences, but
the strong-faced thinker, and the deep-hearted

lover of his eiiiintr\ eaine In listen, learn, mid
gii away and act.

The rei-iilt of the caiiviiss was decrliired on the
<!th of November, wlieii Oregon cast her vnte l'<ir
.MirahiiMi Lincoln for president of the (!iiile(l
States, by a |ilurality of '270 votes, the divi-
sion of the Democratic party alone making it
[lossible.

When the Legislature met in Se]iteiiilier
tl.'ere were two United States senators to eli'ct.
Lane's term having espireil. The same |iolili.
cal divisions that were entering into the presi-
dential canvass, then pending, entered into this,
and for a long time it seemed that no election
of senators coiilil be had. It would be tedious
and profitless to trace the tergiversations of
politics and politicians through this chaotic
period. At length, as no one |iarty was strong
enough alone to elect, the Kepnblicans and the
Douglas Democrats united and elected K. D
Bukerand J. N. Nesiiiith,— the first for the short
and the second for the long term, and thus the
contest was ended. At a special (longressidual
election held at the same time as the presidential
election in November, Hon. -\. J. Thayre, a
Douglas Democrat, was elected representative
by an overwhelming majority over (J. Iv. Sliiel,
the Breckenridge Democratic candidate — the
liepublicans making no nomination.

These changes were but a part of that great
political upheaval which was occurring all over
the Union. Hence this seems the jiroper place
to interrupt the thread of chronological story,
and use a little space in stating the attitude of
Oregon toward that upheaval, as well as its
relations to the war of secession and rebellion;
for it was this attitude and these relations that
made it possible for E. D. Baker and J. W.
Nesniith to be elected at that time to the S(^nato
of the United States by the l^iCgislature of
Oregon.

The Slate had always been overwhelmingly
Democratic. In the presidential election Lin-
coln had led Breckenridge by only 270 votes,
and he led Douglas by 1*38, the two polling
9,120 votes, or 3,866 votes more than Lincoln.

170

nrsTniii' of tnii:<i(i\

I "

'l'lli~ Wllrt I 111' lllCMMin' 111' Ifliilivc .■■lleM^lll III' till!

I )i'Miiii'i'iilit' iiml lii'|iiilili('iiii |iai'lii's ii|> III 1S(1(I.
lint, in nTiiitlicr ii-iuct, iIk' rrliitimiM of HUiiti
liirni ui'ic i|iiili' II ilillVrriit lliin;; fniin timt of
liiirty. 'I'lii! voir 1^; lIiTckfiH'iil^r, "i.llT-t, inciis-
iired tlic iiuiiiliiT icmlj' fii liilldW tlii' Snuth into

S(H!t'SBilHI Mini ll'lici I inn, III', lit ll'lisl, wlin wei'o

i-cmly III o;iv«' tniiral Mini Ii';;m1 fM|i|iiii-t to tlimn.
Till' iiililcil vdIi'k of i.incolii MMcl I )iiiii,'la!i, 11,180,
iiicMt iircil tlic |iro|iiirtii)n of vulers wlio were in
I'mvoi- of till' riiiisc of the Union, It wax the
sluuiow of sL'cci'sion, |ir(ijec;te(l forwnnl a few
niontlis on tlic ilial of time, y«t cU'Mi'ly ilisccriK-il
liy all, tliMl iiiiliicfd tlic coalition resulting in
tlic election of I!Ml<cr anil I)oii^'l»s. After this
result Miiil tliMt of tlic presidential election the
cliMnicter of events iniist naturally iletemiine
the political c.)inple\i(m of the State, while yet
it \VM> clear that, in any event, the large niiijor-
ily of the jieople were on the .side of an indis-
eoUilile Lnioii. In an attitude of hesitating ex-
pectancy Oregon stood and waited through the
winter of 18(10 and "01.

There was no railroad nor telegraph th(^n
connecting tlie State witii the Atlantic seahoard.
The fastest transit was the " pony express '' from
the Missouri I'iver to San Frareisco. and thence j
by steamer to Portland. The bonil)ardnicnt of
Fort Sumter oc(Mirred on the 13th of April,
and the intelligence of that event did not reach
I'lirtland until the 30th of April. It startled
the peo|)le like a thousand thunder peals. I'arty
walls criiinlilcd before it. It was no lon<'er
Democrat and Republican; it w.as union or dis-
union. The Douglas Democrats and tiie Re-
y)ulilicaiis declared almost unanimously for the
rnioii, and some of those who had sustained
Hi'cckcnridge and Lane joined them. Dolazon
Smith, the great oratorical leader of the Breck-
enridge party, was dead. Ili.s herculean efforts
in the prccceding jioliticMl campaign, joined to
his bitter disapiiointmeut at the result of it,
proved too much for him, and his speeches had
hardly ceased to ring in the ears of his auditors
when he was borne to the tomb. Lane, who
had been the idol of the I'ajik and lilc of the

I )eiiioiu'Htic party, and by wlio.-c perMUial popular
ity it was expecti^d Oregon would bi^ held to her
ancient and continued fealty to that |)arty, re
turned to his State in the same steamer that
brought the news of the bombardment of Sum-
ter. Ho came to tiiid it hi-i .State no longer.
The taint of socessiun was u|ioii him. Defeated
politically in his candidature with I'reckenridge
for the vice-presidency, and having deeply
involved himself in treasonable alliances with
those who were in arms against the integrity
of the Union, the State that had so l.'onored and
exalted him offered him no welcome and hardly
an asylum on his return. His home (doming
was indeed pitiful. Neglected and turned tVoMi
by those who had been his friends and earnest
supporters, he was comjjclled to find almost a
culprit's way through the country to his own
home in southern Oregon. It was known that
he came j)rcpared, if not commissioned to head
a movement tor the [)Uttiug of Oregon on the
side of the southern Confederacy. He brought
some bo.xes of guns, with which to arm those
whose co-operation he expected in plunging the
State into rebellion. Hut he found that even
the men who had spoken for him and voted for
him for vice-president could not be led into any
measures of open hostility against the Govern-
nient, however secretly they might sympathize
with his sentiments or with the side of the
south in the contiict of arms just beginning to
shake the land. So there was nothing for him
to do but quietly to bury himself in the seclu-
sion of his retired home in a mountain valley
of southern Oregon, and, practically out of sight,
and largely out of the thought of the great body
of the Oregon people, spend the remnant of his
years, lie never again appeared in public life.
A Very l.irge number of tho.se who afterward
became famous in the great war were serving in
Oregon when the Rebellion began, or had served
previously, and were well known to great multi-
tudes of the people. Among 'them may be
named Urant. Sheridan. Rus.-.cll, Reynolds, Al-
vord, .Vugiir. Wright, Ord, Casey, Smith,
Ilazen and Ingalls. Hooker was a citizen of

ifisToiir

nllKOfiy.

liar

liiit

iiiii-

lU'il

itv

Ori'i^Dii, Imviiijj rt'lirod from tlic nritiy, Me
l.flliiii iiiid StovuiiH liHil both e<irniMittiilo<l coiii-
|)!iiiii'H ot" to|)oifni|ilii(;iil uiifi^iiii'erH on siM'vico in
Oicf^iiii uikI Wiitiliiiij^toii. ( 'iiiii|)iinitivc'ly few
only (if the ollii'urs wlio had served in Oregon
went witli tlic South, nnd none of thene iittiiined
^rcat (liHtini'tioii. The Oreffoniiin.-i haveuiwnyH
taken >;reat pride in the fact tlnit such men as
tliese we have named had resided among tlicm,
and tiiat the State liad tiieir fiiendshiji and eon-
fidciu'e.

Tiiouf^h so tar removed from the aeene of
actual war, < >regoti did not pass throu<;ii the
conflict witliont sore bereavement. Jler elo-
(Hient and gallant senator, K. I). I'aker, who
had risen to great distinction in the Mexican
war, as well as in the forensic tield, had, with liis
siMiatorship, taken the field as a volunteer, and
lieen conimisBioned Urigadicr gonc^ra! of volun-
teers by President Lincoln. Always at the
front, ho eonld not be at the rear now. Nor in
the Held was his uniform for dignity, but for
service. Jiut a few months of the war had
passed before, at the disastrous Hall's I'd ntt", on
the 'ilst of ()ctoi)er, he fell at the head of his
troops. There were few like him in the nation.
It were not presumptuous to apply to him tiie
splendid eulogy that Napier gave to Uidge:
" None fell on the field with more glory than
he, yet many fell, and there was much glory."
Oregon mourned him, the nation mourned him,
and Lincoln, long his warm jjersonal friend,
wept for his loss. These were tributes enough
to canonize any name in the calendar of
])atriots. And there forever stands the name of
Haker.

Throughout the war, Oregon remained stern-
ly and uncompromisingly loyal. True, there
seemed, at some points to be some slight suspi-
cion that she held her loyalty by a feeble tenure,
but the occasions were connected with the politi-
cal adjustments of antebellum days, which
where perpetuated a year or two into the era of
the war. One incident was the appointment of
Mr. Benjamin Stark, as senator for the unex-
pired term of Baker. This appointment was

made by Gdvenior Whileaker, ii thorough syiii-
' patlii%(>r with the attitude of the Southern
States, who had been I'leeled governor before
the di>rnption of the Democratic party. Mr.
I Stark was of the same |)olitical sentiments of
1 (iovernor Wliiteak(<r, and throw over tliem even
less disguisti than he. The Senate hesitated
I for two months to admit Mr. Stark to his seat,
on account of his disloyal sentiments, i>ut
finally did so. Mr. (i. K. Shiel, who had been
elected to Congress at the same election that
put Mr. Whiteaker in the governorship, eon-
tested the right of Mr. A. J. Thayre to hisst'at
in the House of Representatives, and finally
obtained it, was of tb(! same political sentiments
as the others. So that, through that complica-
tion, Oregon's repros(<ntation in ('ongress, after
the death of Baker, was largely out of harmony
with the political faith of her people, Senator
Nesmith being the only exception to this state-
ment, and his was but a partial one. lie so far
sym]iathi/.ed with the others named that he
voted for the admission of Mr. Stark to his seat
against the desire of a large nnijority of the
people of the State, who only waited the legal
opportunity to put her (^^jngressional repre-
sentatives in harmonj' with herself and the na-
tional caus(!.

This opportunity soon came. On the iJth of
April the Union, or Kepul)licaii, party met in
convention and adopted a short hut compre-
hensively I'nion platform, ])rocoeded to the
nomination of a candidate for re|)resentative in
Congress, and for State officers. For the first
place John R. McBi'ide was. named. For gov-
ernor, Addison C. Gibljs; for secretary of
State, S. E. May. and for treasurer, E. N.
Cook, with Harvey Gordon for State printer.
On the part of the Democrats, who took the
position of anti-adininistration, A. E. Wait
was nominated for Congress; J. V. Miller for
governor; G. T. Vining for secretary of State;
J. B. (rreer for treasurer, with A. Nottrus for
State printer.

As this was the first election held since the
opening of the war, and consequently the first

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178

inaruHY of ohkoon.

since parties liad accreted explicitly and avow-
edly around the isaucs evolved Ijy tlie pretended
secession of the Southern States and their '.var to
make that protended secession real and actual,
it was attended hy great popular interest, even
excitement. The leading candidates themselves
took the tield, and were ably sustained on both
sides by the strongest men of their respective
parties. It would hardly be true to history to
say that this was a canvass iietween the Re-
publican party as such and the Democratic
party as such, as it was rather a contest between
loyalty to the cause of the (rovernment of the
United States, as then administered for the
purpose of putting down the Ileljellion and main-
taining tiie integrity of the Union, and loyalty
to the cause of the revolted States in their atti-
tude of secession and conse(iuent rebellion. Old
party questions were oUi of sight. Old party
associations were broken up. Old party com-
radships were dissolved. On this one issue was
the battle fought to the finish of the election
day.

All jiiililic as8oint)lie8 were touched with ex-
citement of the hour. Conferences, synods,
convocations of every sort were drawn into the
whirl 01 debate. It was not only accounted
poor politics but bad religion to be indifi'erent
where such a momentous issue was pending.
The churches, almost unanimously, were on
tb.b side of the Union. Many of the ablest
B|)eakers on the stump were ministers. Many
of the ablest documents published were the re-
ports and resolutions of the conferences, synods,
or associations. When the election occurred
>t was found that the Union party liad triumphed
ty about 3,0<)0 majority over thi opposition.

When the newly elected Legislature asaera-
bli^d on the second Monday in September, 1863,
out of its 'jarliest duties was tlij election of a
Uni.'ed S'ates senator in the place of Benjamin
Stark, Lo fill out ♦lie ypt unexpired term of
Senator Baker. There was a decided Union
miijority ill the body, and of course some man
in thorough sympathy with the Union cause
would be elected. Quite a number of those

who had been prominently identified with the
canvass were nominated, but the choice fell on
Benjamin F. Harding, of Marion county.

Mr. Harding was a <juiet, unostentatious
man, of solid but not showy talents. Beforo
1860 he had been a moderate Democrat, al-
though never quite able to rid himself of the
flavor of his former Whig training, if indeed lie
desired to do so. He had been very inrtuential
in forming the combination in the Legislature
that resulted in the election of Baker and Nes-
mith, and lience had the support of the friends
of liotli of those gentlemen at this time for the
vacant place. Although some of his competit-
ors were among the very foremost men of the
State and the party in power, at least two of
whom afterward attained to the dignity of the
toga, his relation to that event, coupled with the
fact that he was a man of excellent habits and
general good repute, gave him the honorable
distinction of taking the place of the lamented
Baker in the councils of the nation.

Governor G-ibbs was inaugurated on the 10th
of September, 1802. His administration chanced
on most stirring times, and had to deal with
the most important political and economic
questions. It received strong support as well
as encountered violent opposition. This was to
ho exjiected. It was a period when radical
principles came to the fore, and radical pissions
swayed political action. Many matters of in-
ternal State policy, affecting more or less the
business relations of the country, must needs be
adjusted. A code of civil procedure, which
had been prepared by a commission consisting
of M. P. Deady. A. C. Oibbs and J K. Kelley,
was to be considered. Of wider interest still
the tliirteenth and fourteenth amendments to
the constitution of the United States was beforo
the nation for adoption or rejection. When the
first — that of abolishing slavery in the United
States- -was ponding. Governor Gibbs, in re-
sponse to a request from the secretary of State
of the United States, William H. Seward, con-
vened the Legislature in extra session on the
5tli day ot December, 1865, and presented the

uisTonr OF oreqon.

siihjeet before that body in a dignitied and
able mosHage recominundiiig its adoptioTi. Witli
only seven dissenting votes, this was done on
tbe lltii of Deceinl)er, and the result telegraphed
to Mr. Seward. When the fourteenth amend-
ment was presented to the Legislature at its reg-
ular session tlie following year, it was adopted
with even less opposition than the former. In
these actions Oregon had placed herself in
harmony with the administration of Mr. Lin-
coln and the general political principles of the
Republican party.

If there was any marked exception to this
statement it was in relation to what 'vas called
the "legal-tender question": that is, making the
notes of the United States Government the ac-
tual currency of current exchange in the State,
or making gold the actual currency and govern-
ment notes that which should be subject to the
fluctuations of discount. Practically there was
little difference whether gold should bear a pre-
mium and legal tender notes pass current at par,
or gold pacs at par and the legal tender notes at
a discount. But still, to many minds, it seemed
that the act of the national legislature should
determine the character of the currency for tiie
entire country. It seemed difficult to adjust
the question to the satisfaction of all, or even so
as to do exact justice to all. Indeed it never
was done: as it is never possible to reach ideal
conditions in any kind of legislation. The re-

sult of the discussion, and of legislative action
on tiiis question, was, that gold was practically
the standard in Oregon, aa it was on all the
Pacitic coast, and currency the commodity of
fluctuation and barter. At the same time legal-
tender notes were freely circulated at discount
rates, and for all private debts the creditor was
comjielliHl to receive them at par of their de-
nomination, if the debtor so chose to offer them.
This, however, was seldom done, unless the
creditor was enforcing collection by legal pro-
cess. Hence gold freely circulated in Oregon
through all the period of the war. Notes were
drawn "j)ayHble in gold coin," bills of goods
were sold under the same terms, and in conse-
quence there was never the inflation on the one
hand nor the contraction on the other in Ore-
gon, nor elsewhere on the coast, that there was
in the Eastern States.

Our space does not permit us to amplify fur-
ther the political history of the administration
of Governor Gibbs. Coming at the time it did,
it dealt with more questions of great public in-
terest than any administration preceding, or any
that followed it; and it is but impartial history
to say that the dominant party, with the execu-
tive head of the State, conducted it through this
trying and important period with credit to them-
selves on the whole, and so as to secure a good
degree of public prosperity.

^€@:;si)P-^

174

IIISrOItY OF nilEdON.

CHAPTER XIX.

OUEGON AS A STATE, CONTINUED.

Skat ok (iovkhnmiont Qikstion -I'kksidkntiai. Ei.kctkin ok 1S44 — Mk. I.incoi.n Carries the
Statk — C4i:oii(JK 11. Williams Elkcted ISenator- -Character ok Mr. Williams— State
Elkctio.v — Uki'iiilk ans iSrciKssKiji, — Lkoislatl'ke Meets— II. W. Corheit Elected Sena-
tor — His Ciiara<tek — Senator Nesmitii — Mr. Malloky — J. S. Smith Elected to Con -
(jKKss — L. F. Grover, Governor — Ceiarscter ok His Administration — State University
Oroanizkd — Elkction ok 1872 — Lkisislature Elkoi'.s J. H. Mitchel Senator- Po-
litical FHOTIATIONS— OrEOOx's ELECTORAL VoTE IN 1876 — GOVERNOR GrOVER ElECTED TO

the Senate — Chadwick Governor-. I. II. Slater Rei-re8Ent\tive — J. G. Wilson — George
EaDow — Mr. Nesmitii — Richard Williams Elected Rei-rksentative — John Whiteaker
Succeeds Him— M. C. Georoe Two Terms — 15inokr Herman— J . N. Doli-h Elected Sena-
-roE — J. H. Mitchel Elected the Second Time -Both Still in Office — Presidential
Elections in Oregon.

•1"

fllE qtiestion of the seat of government for
tlie State had been one that tlie people had
found it exceedingly difHcult to settle. Sev-
eral votes had been taken upon it during Territo-
rial times, and the results had been so variant that
the capital had moved from place to place np
and down the Willaraetto valley, until it became
a proverb that it was "on wheels." The con-
stitution of the State required that the first reg-
ular session of the legislature should submit the
matter of the location to the voters of the State,
and provided that only a majority of the votes
should elect. At the election of 1862 no place
had a majority. In that of 1864 Salem re-
ceived a majority of seventy-nine over all other
places voted for, and was chosen. As we make
some reference to this city in the chapter on
"Cities and Towns" of Oregon, we omit any
further notice of it in this place.

With 1864 came the presidential election.
The war was evidently nearing its termination,
and it was certain that it would close with the
cause of tlie Union triumphant. Naturally old
political afHliations began again to exert an in-
fluence on many minds, and no small nuinher
who had Bto<3d tirmly for tlie Union and the

war — " war Democrats '' — began to consider
whether, now that they felt the Union was
saved, they should remain in affiliation wich Re-
publicans or return to the Democratic fold. The
result of this feeling was obvious when, on
counting the votes for president in November,
it was found that Mr. Lincoln had carried Ore-
gon by only fourteen hundred votes, — less than
half of the majority of the "Union party" in
1862. The State officers being elected quad-
rennially, there was no election for Governor
this year. The Republican candidate for Con-
gress was J. II. D. Henderson, and the Demo-
cratic J. K. Kelley. Mr. Henderson was a
clergyman of the Cumberland Presbyterian
order. Mr. Kelley was a leading lawyer, and
personally a man of considerable popularity,
and had the advantage of a thorough political
trniuing. Their canvas was active, both men
winning the approval of their respective parties,
but Mr. llenderoon was elected, and served his
term with fidelity to his constituency and profit
to his State. When the new Legislature as-
sembled it elected Hon. (Jeorge II. Williams
United States Senator for the term of six years.
His chief opponent in the Republiyau party be

niSTOBV OF UliEaON.

fore the Lesiislatnre was Rev. Thomas II Peame,
wlio at first diviiled the voteB of that party
nearly equally with Mr. Williams.

Tliit* election jjavo great satisfaction to the
people of (Jregon. Mr. Williams was every-
where conceded to be u very able and a
thorough, upright man. As a jurist he had tiio
confidence of all. His mind was not of that
facile type that can accept error as well and as
readily as truth, and cares neitiier for one nor
the other only so pers-inal and political ends are
served. Of such men politicians are made.
Hut his mind was of that sturdy, hard-grained
texture that did not receive impression easily,
but having once received them held them firmly
and solidly because they represented truth to his
consciousness. Of such men statesmen are
made. Mr. Williams was not a politician — he
was a statesman. • During his term of six years
in the Senate he made the infiueiice of his
statesmanship felt oi. the widest questions of
national and international policy. At the ex-
piration of his term be was selected by Presi-
dent Grant for attorney-ijeneral of the United
States, and as such was a member of his cabi-
net, and was also honored with a nomination by
the president as chief justice of the United
States; a place for which bis judicial mind and
eminent legal accquirements well fitted him;
bnt, for reasons satisfactory to himself Mr.
Williams withdrew his name as a candidate for
this office. As his cliaracter and life are treated
more at length in the biographical <lopartment
of this book, it is not necessary lo add more of
this eminent man liere, and the justice of
history requires that we should not say lees.

In 1806, the term of Governor Gibbs having
expired, it was necessary to elect a new State
government, together with a legislature which
would have the selection of a successor of Hon.
J. W. Nesmith in the United States Senate and
also a representative in Congress to succeed Mr.
Henderson. George L. Woods was nominated
for governor by tlio Republicans and J. K. Kelley
by the Democrats. For representative in Con-
gress tlie Republicans nominated Rufus Mallory

and the Democrats James D. Fay. TIic parties,
by this time, had nearly resumed their ante-
bellum relations, and the contest was a very
close and exciting one. Its result, however,
was the election of the Republican ticket by a
majority of six hundred; not half of what it
had been two years before. The Legislature
being also Republican there was a very spirited
contest before that body, between the leaders of
the dominant party for the vacant seriatorship.
Tile most prominent candidate's were A. C.
Gibbs and J. II. Mitchell, on the part i-f the
republicans. Gibbs receiving the caucus nomi-
nation; and J. S. Smith the candidate of the
democrats. The contest before the Legislature
was long and somewhat bitter, a few Republi-
cans refusing to vote for the caucus nominee,
but, on tiie sixteenth ballot, tlie liepublicans
took up the name of H. W. Corln'tt, a wealthy
merchant of Portland and electe<l him.

Mr. Corbett had never l)een in piildic life.
In his business vocation he iiad always main-
tained an exceptionally excellent reputation,
and had succeeded in amassing a large fortune.
His bearing was that of the cultured New-Kng-
land gentleman that he was. Politically he was
an ardent Unionist at the beginning of the war
and at its close took his place in the liepnblican
party, while he was in no sanse a ra'lical par-
tisan. From his business abilities and training
the people of the State were le<l to expect a
careful and scrupulous care of the interest of
the State, nor were they disappointed in that
expectation; for he made a good, prudent, con-
scientious and i ential senator.

He took the place of Senator Nesmith. whose
name has appeared several times already in the
course of this history, cgpecially in connection
with the combination of 1860, which put Col-
onel E. D. Baker and himself into the United
States Senate. It would not Ije right, histori-
cally, to dismiss his name wiiii the casual no-
tice? already given him, for his part in the his-
tory of Oregon was by no means an insignifi-
cant one.

He was an immigrant of 1843, and the orderly

17(1

uisrouY oh' tiuh'dd.y.

' .,

I':-

sergciiiit of its seini-iiiilitBry Drijanization. A
mail of 110 iiic'oiisiderabli' force of cliiii'iicter, lie
was not long in iniprcssinf; iiinisclt' on tiie
tlioii>;litg of tiie puople of Oreiron, especiiiliy in
the t-arly day wiiun ii soniewlmt conglomerate
population was ponrint; into tlie country
tlirongii the channel of immigration from every
part of the Union, lie was not a man of cul-
ture, hilt had a masculine intellect and a strong
and somewhat pungent wit. lie was a typi-
cal |)ioneer, and as such was easily at the head
of the noMe. even if somewhat rough, army of
pioneers that peopled and siihdued Oregon.
Naturally he was a leader; not of all men but
a large majority of the [H'ople, and when vigor of
mind and body and determination of spirit were
especially requisite he naturally stepped to the
front. Those who were near him were strongly
attached to him, but those who were in anyway
in opposition to him dreafled his sarcastic on-
slaughts. During the civil war he stood in
the Senate for loyalty and won his noblest fame
then and there. Like many men of his strong
personality and vitality, up tomid<lle life or be-
yond it, he seemed to care little for many of
those things that are dearest to the most refined
and conscientious people, and hencethe.se, how-
ever much they might admire his ability and
strength of character, were not counted among
his friends. Tli is measurably changed however,
towarti tlie close of his life, and years tendered
his feelings and tempered his speech, and he
closed his career, having won the regards of
the people of the State as one of the most
wortiiily famous and useful of the citizens of
Oregon.

Mr. Ma' lory, representative to (Congress, was
a lawyer of good standing and rcjiutation. He
had not been much in public life in Oregon,
but the character of his canvass was such as to
awaken high hopes of his success in the place to
which the people had elected him over the
brilliant though erratic Fay, nor did his Con-
gressional history of a single term disappoint
their expectations. Tiie governor-elect, Mr.
George L. Woods, won great eclat as a debater

in the canvas'. His administration of the af-
fairs of the State was marked more by political
einliroilments than was the former one, and for
various reasons failed to give satisfaction even
to his own party. Probably the fact tiiat his
administration had fallen on a time of such
high political excitement, when one party was
making every effort to retain the power that
seemed slipping out of their grasp, and the
other was lesorting to every expedient to gain
power, had something to do with its misfortunes.
Whatever was the occassion, it is certain that
there was a failure to meet the just hopes of
either the party in pdwer or the people at large.

The contest for the place of representative in
Congress, in 1868, was between Uavid Logan,
Republican, and J. S. Smith, Democrat. They
were both well known in the State, and had
been leaders in their respectivij parties for many
years. They were also both able men, and
made a canvass before the people that has
hardly been excelled for real ability by any
ever made in the State for this position. Mr.
Logan, however, had twice been a candidate be-
fore, and for some reasons did not eotnmand the
confidence of a large element in the party to
which he belonged. Mr. Smith, while a strong
partisan, was cautious and moderate in the ex-
pression of his sentiments, and had a very wide
personal friendship among the liepublicans.
Unquestionably he was, at that juncture, the
strongest candidate that his piirty could have
nominated. Besides, the tendency for two elec-
tions had been toward the return of the Demo-
cratic party to |K)wer in Oregon, and the time
seemed to have come for that result. So Mr.
Smith was elected by a majority of 1,2()0 over
Mr. Logan.

Joseph S. Smith was an immigrant of 1847.
His whole course of life in Oregon was such as
to win the confidence if the people in rather an
uiiUBiial degree. He spent a few years as a
Methodist preacher, but his health was too
frail to endure the trying conditions of that life,
and he studied law and was admitted to prac-
tice in the courts, where he was considered a

IMHi

niSTOUy OF OUKOON.

clear and logical nilvouate. lie wii« an al)le and
BiicceHafiil l)m«in(«88 man, and accninnhtted acon-
sideraltlc fortnnn. Hi« service in Coiij^resB was
not marked by anytliing of special interest or
importance, though it was creditable to him-
self and serviceable to his State. lie served but
a single term, — not long enough for any man to
accom])lish much for the benetit of his con-
stituents or his own reputation. liut Mr.
Smith is entitled to an honorable record on the
list of those who built this Western comnion-
wealth.

At the presidential election in Noveml)er,
Oregon was carried by the Democrats for the
first time in such an election, though by the
small majority of 160 votes out of 22,000 votes
cast.

Governor Wood's administration closed in
1870. To succeed him lion. La Fayette F.
Grover, who had been a leader of the Demo-
cratic party since long before Oregon was ad-
mitted into the Union, and who was the tirst
representative from the State in Congress, was
elected governor, and Stephen F. Ohadwick,
also a Democrat, was made secretary of State.
Both of these gentlemen enjoyed a well deserved
personal popularity, and had been identified
with many of the leading enterprises that had
been \indertaken for the benefit of the country.
Their nomination for them was opportune, as
it came at the close of an administration that
had not won the favorable consideration of the
people, and henc« a change both of the personnel
and politics of the State government was easily
eifectod. Still it is but historic fairness to say
that nothing could he alleged against the candi-
date opposed to Mr. Grover, Hon. Joel Pal-
mer. He was a man of probity and honor, an
emigrant of 1846, and had held important
office before, and always with personal credit.
Indeed, he was conceded to have been among
the more useful of the pioneers of the State.
At the time of the election he was already be-
coming an old man, and lacked something of
that physical and intellectual vigor requisite
for difficult and aggressive administration, es-

pecially in times (»f political unrest like these.
This his own party felt, while they all person-
ally resj)ected the candidate, inuiiy of tliciii sup-
])<irted the younger, more c\iltivatetl and ag-
gressive candidate of the opposition.

The administration of (ioveruor (irover, as
was to be expected, was strongly partisan. He-
ing sustained by a Democratic legislature, very
strong measures were taken against the acts of
Congress amending the constitution of the
United States, which had been adopted by the
Oregon Legislature. Resolutions rescinding
the action of the Legislature that adopted the
fifteenth amendment were passed, amounting,
of course, to nothing but an expression ot oppo-
sition on the part of those who, for the time,
happened to be in power, against the course of
action adopted by tho Republican party, through
the action of the National Legislature and the
Legislature of the State, after the close of the
war, to secure and perpetuate its results in the
nation. It is hardly likely that those ailvisiiig,
or those perpetrating this act, expected it to do
more than this; certainly if they did their fore-
sight proved to be a very shortsight. as the
" comet " swept on notwithstanding this •' bull "
against it.

In other respects the administration of Gov-
ernor Grover found no paucity of matters of
excitement and interest. Invcstigntions by a
commission of the Legislature were made into
the official conduct of the previous administra-
tion. With the exception of discovering a de-
falcation of several thousand dollars in the office
of the secretary of State, the commission found
nothing that even instense partisan rivalry could
construe into official malfeasance. This defal-
cation made it necessary for the bondsmen of
the secretary to reimburse the State very much
to their own financial injury, and, in a case or
two, to their ruin.

Quite a number of measures important to the
welfare of the State, as well as showing its prog-
ress, was inaugurated during this administration.
Tbe treasury was in ample funds when it be-
gan, nearly enough money being there to defray

1^8

HISTORY OF OHKOON.

i\w expenses of the (lovermiu-iit for tlie next
two years, l-p to this time the liegishitiire had
not seen it jioexible to enter upo!i tiie construc-
tion of a Capitol, or the estalilishinent of State
institutions, i)nt tiie way seeineil open now, and
Mr. Grover and tlie Lefiislatiire were not slow
in tiikin<^ a<lvantape of the condition in which
they fonnd the treasury, to make their rule
illustrious for interest in the real welfare and
progress of the commonwealth. In this tliey
were right; nor does this statement imply that
there was anything sinister in their motives or
action in these regards. An act fti)propriating
^lOOjOOO as a capitol building-fund was passed.
A State I'niversity was locati'd at Ku^ene City,
conditioned that the site and buildings should
be provided free of cost to the State. An agri-
cultural college was established in connection
witli an already established academy or college at
Corvallis, l)y providing for the payment of the
tuition of students by the State. And. in addi-
tion to these things, in this period occurred the
"Modoc war,'" elsewhere treated of in this vol-
ume. These things made the administration of
Mr. Grover one of the most active and aggressive
of all in the history of the State, if we except
that of (lovernor Gibbs, which covered the
period of the civil war.

The election of 1872 for members of the Leg-
islature was important for two reasons; First,
a United States senator was to be elected to suc-
ceed Senator Corbitt, and the acts of the former
Jx'gislature were to pass in review before the
people — the ultimate and right power in politics
and government. The result of the election was
to give the majority of the Legislature to the
J{e|)ublicans, which, of course, gave to that
party the senator. Wiien the Legislature met
Hon. J. IL Mitchell was chosen to tliat eminent
jilace.

Mr. Mitchell came to Oregon in 1860 from
rennsylvania. where he had practiced law for
for .several years. lie was young, brilliant, loyal
to the Union cause, and was not long in gaining
pojiularity and securing influence in liis party
aiid among the jjcople. In 18(5-1 he was elected

State senator from Mtiltnomah county, made
president of that body, and from that time was
a leader in politics in the State. His service in
the Senate was marked by devotion to his con-
stituency, retnarkable energy and activity, and
he sliowed ability to handle the most ditlicult
(juestions of State or national politics. It is
slight praise to say that he served his State ably
and faithfidly; but this is all that is necessary
to say now, and all that can well be said witii-
out antici|)ating tlie course of events whoso rec-
ord is to follow.

An era of |)olitical tinctuation had now set in.
The two parties were so evenly divided that for-
tuitous or personal causes easily swung the deli-
cately poised beam to the one or to the other
side. So when another United States senator
was to be elected, in 1876, the Democrats were
again in the majority in the Legislature. After
(juite a contest between the friends of Mr.
Grover and J. N. Nv;..mith of that party, and
Jesse Applegate for the Republicans, Mr.
Grover was elected, and in February, 1877, he
re8igi\ed the office of governor, and Mr. S. F.
Chadwick, the secretary of State, succeeded to
tlie duties of governor.

We cannot properly dismiss the period covered
by the administration of Governor Grover with
out some reference to one of the most exciting
political events that ever occurred it: Oregon, in
connection with the election of President Hayes
in 1876. As ours is not designed to be a ])olitical
history further than to give the continuity and
import of political events in a general way, we
cannot treat of it in its legal relations, and
hence give only a condensed statement of facts.

It is well known that the result of the presi-
dential election of 1870 Ijetween Mr. Tilden and
Mr. Hayes was long in disptite, and, for a time,
seemed likely to again plunge the nation again
into civil war. Congress found an anomalous
way to compose the stringent difficulty by the
appointnuiut of an "electoral commission," con-
sisting of senators, representatives, and Judges
of the Supreme Court of the United States, by
which the various questions that involved the

iirsToin OF o/ifcaoN.

c.luctioii sliuiild U) (lutci'iiiined. Tliu IStiite uf
Oregon becaiiio involved in tiie dispute in tliia
wiBe:

Tiio State cast itb vote, by a cunsiderui)ln
majority, for the Kopublicaii candidates for
electors. One of these, .1. W. Watts, chanced
to hold the office of iiostinostcr in the little
country town in which ho resided. Legally a
man holding a United States office cannot be
made an elector of president and vice-president.
This fact, and the fact that Mr. Watts held such
an office, escaped all mention until after the
election had been held, when it was discovered
that he was ineligible. On making this dis-
covery Mr. Watts resigned his office of post-
master, and when the electors met to cast their
vote for president and vice-president, in the
manner provided by law, they first proceeded to
elect a presidential elector in the place of the
ineligible postmaster. Mr. Watts, having re-
signed his office of postmaster, was now eligible
and was chosen to the place for which the people
had designated him at the election. The Demo-
cratic governor and secretary of State refused to
certify to the election of Mr. Watts, but gave
their certiiicate of election to Mr. Cronin,
the Democratic candidate for elector who had
the highest number of votes. One electoral
vote either way would tnrn the presidential
election. If Mr. Watts' vote was counted, Mr.
Hayes was elected. If Mr. Cronin's, then Mr.
Tilden was elected. The prize was a great one,
and the feeling and excitement in Oregon, and
indeed throughout the Union, were intense, a
it can easily be seen on the barest outline of
the facts, they wonld be. Criminations and re-
criminations that bore most bitter fruits of
personal enmities, that years did not heal, were
freely made.

The question went, with otliers, befor-i tlie
electoral commission, which decided that the
three electoral votes of Oregon should be counted
for II. B. Hayes, and this decision made him
president of the United States by a majority of
one vote. It is not necessary to enter into

further detail uf this strange and exciting
chapter of the political history of Oregon.

Mr. (trover's election to the Senate left S. F.
(Jhadwick acting governor for the remainder of
the term. He was a careful and prudent man,
and gave the people on the whole a sa\ififactory
administration. During his administration the
eastern part of the State was severely afflicted
by Indian depredations, of which an account
will be found in the chapters on •> Indian wars,"
and hence need not be further referred to here.

The close of the term of Mr. Chadwick left
the conditions of parties and politics in tiie
State so far removed from the intense excite-
ments that attended and followed the period of
the civil war, that but little remains to note of
their history further than a succession of alter-
nate successes and defeats of both the great
political parties, that practically meant little
more than exchange of offices and emoluments.
In 1870, Mr. J. U. Slater, Democrat, of eastern
Oregon, succeeded J. S. Smith as representative
in Congress; and in 1872 Joseph G. Wilson
was elected to succeed Mr. Slater. Mr. Wilson
went East some time before the date of the
meeting of Congress, the better to prepare him-
self for the duties of his plsce and meet the ex-
pectations of the State, i)ut sickened and died
before Congress convened, in December, deeply
and sincerely mourned by the people of his
State. He was well adapted to the ])lace to
which the people had elected him, and would
no doubt have had an honorable, if not, indeed,
a brilliant career. The vacancy thus caused was
filled by the election of J. W. Neamith, at a
special election. Mr. Nesmith was succeeded
by George La Dow, who also died, leaving a
vacancy, which was filled by the election of
Lafayette Lane, in October, 1875. The last
three named were all Democrats. At the regu-
lar election in 1870, Richard Williams, Repub-
lican, was elected and served out his term with
credit to himself ar.d his State.

Mr. Williams was the first man who had
grown up in Oregon, received his education
here, anil here entered active life, who received

IHO

muTOIlY OF onmiON.

I :|i

i ■

Hi!

i:i

till' ImiHir of an elt'otiuii to unuli lii^li olliciHl
p(ii«iti(.>ii liy tliu ]ie(i|ilu uf Oregon. In xoino
HtMist', tlu'ii'fiirt', his I'lc'ction iimrks iin oni, and
it wu» no ftiimil (listinction to be tlie first wlui
iiail spent liin ho.yluxxl and joiitii in this fiir-
thett Wost. wiio inid bo impressed iiiniself on
those Hnioiiif wiioin lie was reared ik8 siiitahle and
((iiiilitied to represent liis State in a Iwjdy "f sncli
eniineiKM! as tliu C'ongrees of the Tnitinl States.

Mr. Williams was BiieceecU'd by John White-
aker,a Demoeraf, wiiose phiee in ( (rejron history
was seenred by beiiijr elected the lirst governor
(if the State, lie was succeeded by Hon. M.
('. (ieor>;e, elected in 1880, and re-elected in
1882.

Mr. (ieor^e, like Mr. AVillianiR, grew up and
was educated in Oregon. A lawyer by profes-
sion, and a man of excellent character, he was
well qualified to fill the place to which he was
chosen, and the fact that lie was returned as his
own successor — a thinif that had never occurred
in (Jregon before — shows that he did so. If
this were the place to speak extendedly of men
yet comparatively young, much niif^ht be said
of him, as well as others, who are here spoken
of with only a few sentences.

In 1878 Hon. W. \V. Thayre, Democrat, was
elected governor. In 1882 he was followed by
Hon. Z. V. Moody, a Ue|)ublican. The adujin-
istrations of both of these men were creditable.
There was nothing of special interest, either |X)-
liticai or economic, to distinguish them, or to lift
the times in which they served out of the aver-
ai;e level of routine service. Probably, for this
reason, they really served their State better than
some of those wliose names, owing to the times
on which their administrations fell, were oftener
on the tongue of the orator or the pen of the
writer. In 188(5 Sylvester Pennoyer, a Demo-
crat, was elected governor, and he was re-elected
in 18'J0, hut, as he is at this writinjj; in Decern
her, 1892, still ii» office we make no further
reference either to himself personally or to his
administration.

In the House of Representatives Hon. Binder
lleruiann, Republican, succeeded Mj*. M. C.

(ieorge. His services iiave so commended him
to bis party, as well as the |H!ople of his State,
that he has been re-elected at every Congrea-
sional election sini^e 1882, and is still represent-
ing his State in Congress.

At the meeting of the Legislature in 1882
there was a long and somewhat bitter contest
for the scnatorship. The Legislature was Re-
publican, but a portion of tliat party refused
to support Hon. J. II. Mitchell for the place.
At almost the last moments of the session of
the Legislature Mr. Mitchell withdrew, it being
clear that there would be tio election if he did
not, and his fortuer law partner, lion. J. H,
Dolph, was elected. Mr. Dolpli, six years
later, was electeil for his second term. In 1885,
however, Mr. Mitchell was also elected senator,
and in 18*J1 he was also elected as his own suc-
cessor.

Having given some notice of Mr. Mitchell
on a previous page, it would hardly be right to
close this page without some more extended note
of Mr. Dolph, his colleague in the Senate; and
the more because he has had the indorsemetit of
his State for two successive terms in the highest
legislative l)ody in the nation.

Mr. Dolph is a lawyer, having l)een admitted
to the bar in western New York, whore lie was
educated in Genesee College. He came to
Oregon in 1862 and settled in Portland, where
he soon acquired protninence in his profession,
and accumulated quite a fortune. He had oc-
cupied many public positions, before his elec-
tion to the Senate, and at the the time of his elec-
tion was attorney for and vice-president of the
Northern Pacific Railroad Company. He re-
signed these places, however, at once, and had
directed his abilities with great earnestness to
the service of his State and the country at large
since that time. In the Senate he has acquired
great influence from his general ability, his
thorough attention to business, and the excel-
lence of his personal character.

But one thing remains to be noted in this
sketch of the political history of the State of

wmmmmiumtmim

nisTouY OF ousaoy.

181

Oregon, nnrl that i« tlie ponrsoof its nction to-
WHrd imtioiml |M)litic8.

Its first votu ill ii presiijeiitirtl election '"as in
1S6(I, when tlio voice of the State was in favor
of Aliraiiain Lincoln, and it re[wnteU that choice,
with added enipliaais, in 18f)4. In \6\\H and in
1872 it east its vote for General Grant, and

in 187« for K. B. Ilnyes. At the election of
1880 (ieneral (4arfield received its vote, sh <lid
Mr. I'laine in 18*S4, and (Joiieral Harrison in
1888. In 181)2 three eloctors were chosen for
Mr. Harrison, and otie, by a coniliination of tlio
Democrats and Fopidists, for Mr. Weaver.

-^■^^

CHAPTER XX.

OKEGON AS A STATE, CONTINUED.

CoURflK OP National Pbookess — Gknerai, Condition of tiik State — Limits of Sktti.emknts vv
TO 1861 — -Gold Disooveuiks — Gkeat Piulic E.xcitkme.vt— Gkeat Ki.ood of 1861 — Exoi>i:s
TO the Mines — Eastern Oukcjon — Powder Rivkk Valley — Grande Uonde Valley — First
lIoME-BuiLUKR — Names of Counties — Counrty hetween the Cascades and Hlue Mount-
ains — The Klamath Lake Country.

IIIILE these political events had been
transpiring, Oregon had been changing
and improving materially in a very
marked degree. When she laid off the garb of
Territorial dependence and assumed the author
ity of independent Statehood, her population
hardly exceeded 50,000. Her largest cities
were but provincial villages. She was isolated,
without any means of rapid communication
with the great Eastern cities. Weeks and some-
times months must pass before the happenings
'of the great world could find a place in the
columns of her local press. There was little
enterprise, for there was really little call for
enterprise. With one of the most productive
countries on the globe, the paople were so far
from the world's markets, and it was so impos
sible to reach them, that there was no incite-
ment to enterprising production. The home
market was limited: a few small towns, an
occasional sea-going vessel, or a small demand
for some of the products of the State in Cali-
fornia, were all. Indeed, this remained the

condition of things for some years after Oregon
became a State. Population increased but
slowly. Contiguous Territories made consider-
able drafts on the population of tlie State, and
from the time the great emigrations of 1852
and 1853 rirrived in the country, for ten years
at least the future of the State was a problem
that vexed the wisest and most far-seeing
among us. All Telt that some new impul.^e of
immigration must be felt, bringing people and
capital and enterprise into the country, or those
who were here would have to wait through the
slow years of natural increase of population for
the materials out of which to build a real State.
A political one could be made by acts of Con-
gress, but a real one could only grow into being
and power. It must be confessed the prospects
of tlie future were not flattering as the early
'608 dawned upon Oregon.

Up to 1861 the settlements of Oregon were
mainly confined to the region west of the Cas-
cade mountains, including the Willamette, Urnp-
qua and Rogue river valleys. A few families

iHa

ntSTOHV OF OHKnnN.

■

i!|i
i|i:

ro6i(lu*l III tilt' l>all<-''. wlit'n' WM H Diniill villii^u,
ilcpfiuliiif; mostly on the fiipport of a iiiilitHi-y
pout which liml Ufii i-»talili«iie<l there, and ii
little fringe of "raiu'he*" on the Binall creek*
that flow out of the ('a»cad«' raiif^i- south of the
Dalles, constituted nearly all of the jxjpiilation
of castorn Oregon, or in much over half of the
area of the State. Much of this region had not
lieen cmisidercd siiitaMc for agricultnral piir-
suitx, and valiialile only »tt extensive cattle
rii'iges, where iiniienlol hands co;ii<l roam iit
Will over ureat extents of territory. For this
reason tiie immigrants had nu>stly passed it by
iitid Imstened onward to the greener vales west
III' the mountains, leaving its vast and rolling
upland prairies in their unoccupied solitudes.
This was not only true of eastern Oregon, hr.t
of eastern Washini^ton ai- well, and these then
included the present State of Idaiio. Dut the
time Imd come when the instincts of enterprise
and advtMitiire which had im|>elled tlie pioneers
of th'3 Northwest on their search for a better
couiitrv across the continent at the first, would
turn the tide of einii^ration back again eastward,
and its retluent spray would touch and fertilixe
and fructify the vales and hills of eastern Ore-
fjon. When tliis instinct l>egan to impel, the
occasion for its gratification soon offered.

In the siunmer of 1860 a number of com-
panies of what, in coa-st parlance, are called
" prospectors," were tracing and intertracing all
the mountain ranges and gorges of the country
cast of the Cascade mountains, from Fraser's
river in liritish Columbia to Klamath lake. In
many places gold w.is iliscovered. and in some
localities the discoveries were of startling,
almost fabulous, richness. This was particu-
larly the case on some brandies of the Clear-
water river, in what is now northern Idaho.
The announcement of these discoveries in the
Willamette valley awakeneil the greatest inter-
est, and hundreds of men soon joined the pros-
pectoi's in the mountains. l>ut it remained for
the summer of 1861 to set the country in a
fever of excitement over the golden dream.
The mines of Salmon river, or what were soon

calletl >' Florence mines," were discovereil, and
the stories told of their wiialth made them rival
the most wonderful productions of California
•luring the golden era o' lS4it-'60. Thousandn
of dollars could be gathered in a day. Nor
were these stories all untrue. Ueally an almost
fabiiljus amount of gold was taken from tiie
gulches of Florence, in the very tops of the
Salmon river mountains, in a few weeks. Of
course while ten found golden wealth, thousands
found only sandy poverty in the mines, lint
only the story of the ten was published, and it
stirred the people of the Willamette into a
phrensy of adventure. (Jold! gold! was the
note ringing in everybody's ear, and from
everybody's tongue. All over western Oregon
the farmers, the niechanies, the lawyers, the
doctors, the ministers, were soon in preparation
for " Florence," a name synonymous with gold,
at that time, over the Northwest. However,
as it was now growing toward autumn, and the
people well knew the rigors of the winters in
the snowy height- of the interior, only a
comparative few ventured the winter journey
thitherward.

The winter of 1861-'02 in Oregon was, in
some respects, the hardest and most ilisastrous
of record in Oregon. It began with heavy rains
in the valleys in November, which were deep
snows in the surrounding mountain ranges.
About the last of November, though the rains
continued unabated in violence, the weather be-
came very warm, so that the snows on the mount-
ains melted away almost in a night and poured ,
their floods down into the valleys through every
creek and gorge and hollow in roaring rivers.
The result was the great valleys were inundate<l.
The Willamette became like the Columbia and
the Columbia like the sea. Many mills and
manufactories wore washed away. Farms on
the bottom lands were cleared of buildings,
fences, stock, everything. To add to the ca-
lamity of the winter, about Christmas, an un-
precedented snow came down, covering the
country from one to two feet deep. This re-
mained on the ground for one or two months.

lllsrottY OF oltKUON.

IMJt

In B euuntry wliuru tlio t'urincr had made little
provision for the ftttsd of hi* ttock this whb bh
bad UB liiid hi'i'ti tho |ir(>cf(liti^ Itoud. When
Mui'(;h ciiiiiu in liiitidreilN were in povui'ty who a
({imrtor uf a year liofore wure in comfort and
oven in urtliienco. Nt.ii np to tlmt time, —
ntwLT since that time iiattMic i n winter fiillen in
Oregon.

Wiien sprinfj en ■ the hnndreds who had
siid'ered Iohhi'm d .g the winter joined tlie
other liundredii or thouMiii Is wiio iiad already
plnnned to go, and the H|iM.sf^ of 18(!2 naw a
literal lu>gira from the VVillamotto valley nnd
from HOiithern Oregon to the Salmon river
mines. Nor were those who went only the
reckless adventurers who float everywhcii like
the light foam of the waves, but the solid, sub-
stantial business men of the State as well.
Among them were hundreds of the staid farmers,
who liad plowed the prairies of Illinois or Iowa,
or Missouri, before they turned the sod of the
Willamette valley. The went both for the gold
of the mines and to examine the country, if,
perchance, they might not find some favored
spot, where they might set up anew their broken
and devastated hoii^e-altars, and recover what
they had lost. It was not only a gold-seeker's
crusade, but an eastward movement of families
and communities into a new land.

At first the trend of this emigration was
northward into the eastern part of Washington
Territory. The new mines were there; both the
gold for the miner and the market for the farm-
er. Hence, there they went. During the sum-
mer, however, parties rummaging the hills,
discc .'ered equally valuable mines in eastern
Oregoii, on Powder river and John Day's river,
and in the contiguous Blue mountain range, as
well as in what is noW Idaho, on the Snake river
slopes of the Salmon river mountains in Boise
basin. These discoveries turned the flow of
this human movement through the valleys of
Grande Ronde, Powder river, Payette, Boise and
John Day's, largely along the very roads so
many of the people had traveled when they had
entered Oregon as immigrants in the '408 and

'uOh. .So the summer and autumn of IMtl'i saw
eastern Oregon alive with white-faced nomads,
trailiiigover every valley, climliing every mount-
ain, pt^netrating every jungle. camjM'd by every
water-course, ringing their jiicks against evtiry
rock, seeking for gold, — that siiiew of war and
conservator of peace.

Oradually these reamers liegan to concentrate
about more fav4ired "cmnpH." Auluirn. on
Powder river, grew infoacityof thousamls in a
few weeks. Caflon t-ity, on John Day's river,
nearly equaled it. Idaho City, in Boitie biisiii,
exceeded it. These were the chief mining
camps of that great interior Oregon; and it is
probable their supt^riors as placer diggings have
not existed on the Pacifle*coa8t. In addition,
there were hundreds of tinaller camps in nearly
every valley of the Blue and Snr.ke rivnr mount-
ains.

It will Ik.' impossible for us to trace statisti-
cally and circumstantially the history of the
mining o{)erationsof this vast region. It would
require onr volume entire to do so. But that
history was so connected with tho permanent
settlement of the greater Oregon that it must
needs have had thip general (itatoinent.

Although a large proportion of the men who
were now the- gold -seekers in the mountains of
eastern Oregon had passed through the same
region as immigrants yet these found, as they
now revisited it under different circumstances,
that their former estimate of the country was
an erroneous one. Then they were worn with
months of weary travel over the interior des-
erts, where the nightly bivouac and the sleep-
less guard-mounts had kept their nerve.s on a
wearying tension and ever anxious for the
safety of their wives and children to get through
the country into the fancy-pictured vales of the
farther West as speedily as possible. Nothing
held beauty for their eyes nor hope for their
hearts but those. For them this was a region
to be gotten through and gotten out as of
quickly as possible. Now they came at leisure.
Their wives and children were safely houei-d in
the valleys to which, before, they so impatiently

184

iiisrouY OF (jHnaoN.

liRstened. The jtaradise of tlieir dreams " on
the plains " was not yet found. Hence tliey
Were prepared the better to appreciate what
there was of beauty and of promise in this
very region which their feet had spurned so
impatiently before. It yet, in the summer of
1802, lay with its virjfin bosom bare toward the
skies. As these seekers after gold, and, if this
were not found, any kind of material better-
ment, pa.ssed over the green hills of I'mHtilla,
or through the ])iny glades of the Blue mount-
ains, or across the waving meadows of Grande
Konde, or up the swinging wilhiwy valley of
Powder river, thoughts of a bcatitiful home-
making tonclied them, for with all his adventur-
ousness, your true jftoiieer is an intense lover of
home and wife and children. What might be,
entered his mind and a new and enlarged home-
life rose to his vision.

There was yet another cause operating to
hasten the speedy occupancy of these eastern
Oregon regions this year. The stories of great
wealth in the mines had readied the Eastern
States and a large emigration entered Oregon
from beyond the Uocky mountains. Then the
war, with its devastations and bitterness, led
thousands to leave some parts of the Western
and Southwestern States, not always from pa-
triotic motives. Missouri especially, sent hun-
dreds of men who had been in the armies of
I'rico and Van Dorn and McCullough, and were
glad to get away from the perils of the conflict;
at best they did not leave their rebel principles
behind them wlien they left. As this array of
j)eople came into eastern Oregon, they scattered
over Powder river and Grande Ronde valleys, and
sprayed somewhat through the Blue mountains
and along tlie Tmatilla and John Day's, so that,
between the gold-seekers from the West and the
emigrants from the East, when the winter of
18t)2-'()3 settled down there was quite a popu-
lation east of the Hhu) mountains and within
the State of Oregon.

The region of country into which these peo-
ple had entered as settlers and home-makers has
been somewhat noticed in our chapter on the

topography of the State, but a few special ob-
servations concerning it ought to be made here.
The two valleys that earliest drew the favorable
attention of those who traveled through the
country were Powder river and Grande lionde.
The immigrants reached Powder river soon after
leaving the gray sage deserts of Snake river,
and to them it seemed as an oasis in a Sahara,
as it really was. As they drove their weary
oxen up the eastern slope of a dry and rocky
hill to its summit, and saw before them the
green and beautiful plain through whose center
the willowed thread of Powder river was glanc-
ing away northward for thirty miles, they could
but stop and gaze and wonder and admire. The
valley, ten miles in width and nearly thirty in
length, was all within the range of vision. Just
across it, springing abruptly from its western
margin, the granite pinnacles of the Blue mount-
ains shot sharply up in alpine abruptness and
roughnes. from 5,000 to 8,000 feet above its
emerald bosom, their sides blue with pines,
through which, in places, avalanches of rock
and snow had plowed deep and wide furrows to
their very base. In the soft haze of an early
September afternoon, in 1853, when the writer
tirst looked upon it, this Si, 'med an enchanted
vale in its gracefulness of outline and its strong
enframement by its mountain bordering. The
valley has higli altitude, being something over
3,000 feet above the tide, but the sunshine
kisses its bosom with fruitful warmth through
an atmosphere of amber purity.

Grande Ronde valley lies north of Powder
river, and is separated from it by a range of un-
timbered hills — spurs of the Blue mountains —
which are on either side of both. Its altitude
is about 500 feet lower than ti.'-t of Powder
river, itssizesomewhatgreater, and the timbered
mountair\8 crowd it a little closer on the east.
It has a length of thirty-five miles and a breadth
of sixteen. Through it, in every form of grace-
ful curve and careless meander, runs the Grande
Ronde river and its many and beautiful bratiches
away toward the north. At the time of wliich
we write, half of its surface was a swaying

m
f ■

Hiyroiiy of ohkgon.

188

luoadow of native red-to|) (and clovi-r, and tlip
other half a gently rolling prairie of grassy up-
land. It would be inipofsiblo to coin phrases
to paint its beauty to the imagination of one
wiiose eye has never reveled in such scenic lov-
liness. And it was not only indescribably lovely,
but for the reaper and the mower it seemed the
ideal land. In its native condition there was a
restful home-likenesB in its aspect that made it
the most loved resort of the noblest Indian tribe
of the Northwest — the brave and intelligent
Nez Perces. Here under the pines and the
lindens they pitched their cleanliest lodges, and
in their rude festivities whiled away the glorious
summers.

The first home-builder of this valley was Mr.
Daniel Chaplin, who made a location in the
autumn of 18(51, and took up his residence upon
it in the spring of 1862, and where he laid out
the city of La Grande. So rapidly did popnla-
lation pour into these valleys from both east and
west that, at the next session of the Legislature
of Oregon, Baker connty, iiicluding them, was
organized, which was soon followed by a division,
that covering Grande Ronde valley being named
Union. The upper valley of John Day's river
was also soon made Grant county. Though all
these counties were strongly Democratic, as a
large proportion of their voters were said to
have seen service in the Confederate army, yet
the Legislature was strongly Union, and hence
gave the signiticant names of Grant, Baker and
Union to them.

Somewhat singularly in the settling of eastern
Oregon the vast region between the Cascade and
Blue mountains, a territory of over 100 miles
in width and 250 miles long from north to south
remained almost untouched for u number of
years. Gradually, however, Lhe pioiieers began
to push into and over it. Its wide plains and
rolling hills began to feel the sharp cut of the
plow, and the wheat fields begai\ to make the
autumn yellow and mellow with golden harvests.
Still settlement was greatly retarded by the fre-
quent recurrence of Indian hostilities, of which
some account will be found in our chapters on

the Indian wars of Oregon. These at length
ceased by the removal or extermination of the
Indians, and for some years past the five
counties lying north of the divide between the
waters of the Columbia and those that How
southward and westward into the Sacramento
or the Pacific, namely, Crook, Gilliam, Sher-
man, Morrow and Wasco, have been ranked
among the desirable agricultural and pastoral
counties of the State. Two more counties be-
sides those already named, Wallowa in the ex-
treme northeastern corner of the State, and Mal-
heur in the eastern, belong to this department
of eastern Oregon. There is nothing in them,
either in history or in character, that so differ-
entiates them from the others as to require any
separate notice. Wallowa was the home of
Chief Joseph, and as such is also Mentioned in
the chapter on Indian wars.

Lung after the settlement of those portions
of eastern Oregon mentioned above in this
chapter, there remained a vast region of uimc-
cupied territory in the southeastern part of the
State that was almost unknown. It extended
from the northern line of the State of Nevada
northward well up to the southern slopes of the
Blue mountains, and from the Cascade mount-
ains on the west to the eastern boundary of the
State, and included not far from half of its area.
It is the great lake country of Oregon. In it
are Harney lake, Malheur lake. Silver lake, the
Klamath lake, and a score of others, scattered
over that wonderful and lofty basin that is
without visible outlet to the sea except ■' the
southwestern corner, where Klamath lake sends
out the Klamath river through northern Cali-
fornia to the Pacific, and Goose lake supplies
the Sacramento river with a part of its waters.
This region was so remote from nsual lines
of travel, and withal, had such a bad fame for
its barrenness of soil and inhospitality of cli-
mate, together with the treacherous and blood-
thirsty reputation of the Indians that roamed
over it, that few ever turned their thoughts
toward it as n region offering any inducements
for the home-builder. A few Government ex-

,i!

180

nrSTORY OF OREGON.

plorers, like Fremont, hud ptissuil over ii tew of
its trails, or some stooii raisers, looking out for
new and wider pastures for their herds, had
ventured within its borders, hut to the people
of Oregon as a liody it was a terra incognita,
the dangers and rngiredness of which they did
not care to hazard for any promise of good it
offered them.

At last that happened, which so often has
liajipened in the history of the world: war made
its exploration a necessity by numbers of men,
who thus became acquainted with it and spread
the knowledge they haJ xquired in the march
and the bivouac and battle abroad, so that a
public interest was awakened in it, and a move-
ment of imn)iffrants into it occurred. They
did not go in masses, like the great cavalcades
that entered Oregon and California from 184!)
to 1853. but singly, by families, by neighbor-
hoods, until scattered settlement stretched over
its broad meadows and fringed its flowing
streams. Still there were only a few people in
all its borders as late as 1876, and they princi-
pally confined to the basin of Klamath lake.

In the closing years of ^that decade and
through all the next, there was a^slow but con-
stant increase of population. As its value as a
grazing country, and its prospective value as a
grain country, when it shall be penetrated by
railroads, has become better known, its growth
has been more rapid. Three counties have
been organized in it, with all the adjuncts
and paraphernalia of mimicipal government.
Schools and churches are established where, but
a decade ago, stood the smoky wigwams of the
Klamaths, the Modocs and the Snakes. The
ubiquitous "itinerant" and the "schoolmaster"
are both "abroad" within its wide borders, and
the country waits only the fiery dash of the en-
gine to thrill with a life kindred to that of the
most active and prosperous portions of the
State. With the opening of this vast region to
settlement the last great department of the
State was occupied. Still within its boundaries
the population is but sparsely scattered, and it
will be many a decade before the homes of the
people will crowd each other in this great
State.

n I STORY OF OJiEOO.X.

187

CIIAPTEK XXI.

OREGON AH A STATE, CONTINUKI).

Era OK Railroads — DatkofUai'id Imi'rovkmkni' — EImiobvnts — Government Sub vkvino Routks —
1. 1. Stkvens — Ct. B. M(^Cr,ENNAN — Local Movements — Two Companies Organized — Work

Commenced — Embarrassments — Ben Holladay Secures (3ontroi Work I'DsiiEDwrriiCtKEAT

ViooR — Holladay's F'ailure — Henry ViLLARi) — Opening of a Transcontinental Link —
Great Kkioicino — Failure of Mr. Villard — Progki:ss in Willamette Valley — Eastern
Oregon Still without Railroads — Another Line Needed — Efforts to Secure It — W. W.
Chapman — Mr. Thielson— D. P. Thompson — Progress of Twenty Years.

fHE date from which the rapid improve-
ment of Oregon began may properly be
called the era of railroads. The subject
was always before the minds of the Oregon set-
tler, especially those who had crossed the con-
tinent with ox teams, consuming a half year on
the wearying journey. All along the way the
question of a trans-continental road was discussed,
and that too as intelligently, and more practi-
cally, ae it ever was in the halls of Congress.
Plain, but sensible and practical men were these
old ox-drivers, many of them graduates of col-
leges, artisans, surveyors, acquainted with every
branch of science and able to put their funded
wisdom to the most practical uses. The possi-
bility of such a railroad being constructed, its
cost, how it could be done, its influence on the
destiny c' the coast, and every other possiblephase
of the question was discussed around the camp-
fires and along the trails of the mountain side
by the very men who afterward built the Pacific
empire by their courage ptid genius. They came
into Oregon full of the idea, and very early be-
gan to plan for the consummation of their
hopes. In 1853 the Territorial Legislature passed
a memorial to Congress in relation to the cou-
Btruction of a railroad from the Mississippi river
tosomepointon the Pacific coast. Muchemphasis
was given to the hone that such a work would
soon be undertaken by the Government surveys
that were pushed into and beyond the Rocky

mountains, all having in view possible railroad
lines. The surveying explorations of I. I. Stev-
ens over what is now practically the Northern
Pacific route, in 1853, awakened a deep interest,
and led to the confident hope that the work
would soon be undertaken. Captain McLennan
was also here at the head of a party of topo-
graphical engineers on the same errand and
Lieutenant Mullan's name became famous for
his explorations. All kept alive the enthusiasm
of the people on the subject of an overland
road. Put beyond these surveys, and the publi-
cation of the reports of the officers making
them, nothing was attempted in this direction
until after the beginning of the great civil war.
Meantime various local movements looking
to the construction of lines and branches in the
Willamette valley, and also connecting that val-
ley with California took place, but being with-
out any practical result it seems unnecessary to
write their history. One great benefit, however,
resulted from these movements, and the organi-
zation of companies attending them, namely:
through the statements and appeals and me-
morials circulated by these companies, wide at-
tention was drawn to the character and resources
of the State. Thus passed the years until 1868,
Oregon having no railroad, except it might be
a short portage road as a part of the Oregon
Steam Navigation Company's line on the Co-
lumbia river.

188

IIlaTORY OF OREGON.

But the time Imtl come for more active meas-
ures. Two railroad companies were orj^anized,
one to construct a road on the east side and the
otlier on tlie west side of tlie AV^iliamette river
extendinif sontiiwanl from I'orthvnd toward Cali-
fornia. Tiiese two companies were rivals and
opponents, and their rivalry and opposition ma-
terially injured the prospects for railroad con-
struction in the State. Still, with due solem-
nities and ceremonies, ground was broken on
the west side of the river at the city of Portland
on the l-tth day of j*pril, and on the east side
on the 16th day of April, 18fi8.

Actual railroad building was now bejiun on
both sides of the river. Various circumstances
embarrassed and delayed their work. It was
exceedingly difticult for coiupanies in a country
80 new and so distant from the great marts of
commerce, to raise the money with which to
prosecute their work. At this time the west
side company, under the energetic adiniiiistra-
tion of Mr. Joseph Gaston, seemed to have the
advantage of the east side under the direction,
first, of G. L. Woods and then of I. R. Moores
as president. The contention between the two
companies was very bitter and long-continued,
but its history only illustrates how able and
energetic and good men can be made to disagree
when prompted by an apparent self-interest, and
would be too tedions and useless to enter upon
here. It should be stated, however, that this
struggle between the two companies was to gain
possession of certain rights and privileges granted
by the Oregon Legislature to the railroad com-
pany first filing articles of inuorj)oration with
the secretary of State, and a land grant made by
the United States to the company which should
be designated by the Oregon Legislature under
certain conditions to receive it.

At this juncture Mr. Ben Ilolladay arrived
in Oregon and soon the east side company trans-
ferred all its rights and properties to him and he
took possession of its appertainings. lie was
supposed to have, and without doubt had, great
wealth, and was certainly a man of much deter-
mination and force of purpose. The controversy

became even more embittered, and reached the
courts, the Legislature, and even the Congress
at Washington. The result of all the controversy
was finally to consolidate the interests of both
roads in the hands of Ilolladay. After this they
were pushed rapitUy forward, that on the east
side of the river reaching Eugene city, at the
head of the Willamette valley in 1872, and that
on the west side reaching a point about fifty
miles from Portland the same year. This may
fairly be considered the beginning of the era of
railroads in Oregon.

But these roads were only local. They did
not connect Oregon with the great outside world.
True, they looked to that ultimately, but it was
yet hundreds of miles from their nearest point
to any connection that would open Oregon to
the free access of business and jiopulation. Still
they greatly stimulated business and drew the
attention of capitalists abroad to this State as a
hopeful field for investments and profit. They
were a prophecy rather than a fulfillment of
what was to be in a tiiu<? now so near that clear
eyes could easily see its dawning.

Mr. Ilolladay pushed his work with an energy
entitling him to the grateful appreciation of the
people of Oregon, notwithstanding, by the time
the . jad reached Roseburg, 200 miles from
Portland, his management had become so un-
satisfactory to the bondholders of the road that
the work was taken out of his hands. It is easy
for anybody, of course, to criticise such little
matters as the building and management of
railroads, yet this writer does not design to en-
ter that field of criticism, and contents himself
with saying that Mr. Ilolladay did an incalcula-
ble good to Oregon in the energy and success
with which he pushed forward her first real rail-
road enterprise.

It would not be just to leave this period in
the story of railroad construction in the State
without some further reference to Mr. Joseph
Gaston, to whom may almost be assigned the
jilace of the pioneer in these great enterprises.
He labored most earnestly and intelligently in

HI8T0HY OF OliKOO}<

189

the
ress

thuiri and left a deep impress for good on tliis
department of Oregon history.

Oregon was yet in isolation. Slie had neither
coinninnication with Oaliforiiia nor with tliel'^ast-
ern States, iler broadest-visioned men clearly
saw that these eonnections were vital to her
progress. Indeed they had long seen this, and
many eiforts were made to arrange the combi-
nations which would result in this consumma-
tion. This, however, was not achieved until
1879, when Mr. Henry Villard succeeded in
forming a syndicate of European and American
capitalists, with himself at their head, to secure
a joint management of the Oregon roads, and
facilitate and hasten the construction of the
Northern Pacitic to Portland. His measures were
most vigorous and effective. Not only was the
Northern Pacitic pushed forward with amazing
rapidity, but a vast system ramifying all eastern
Oregon and Washington, and extending south-
ward to San Francisco, was devised and pushed
forward with great energy. The Oregon Kail-
way and Navigation Company was organized
and became the owner of all the interests of the
Oregon Steam Navigation Company, including
the Ocean Steamship Company and the trans-
continental lines, and urged rapidly forward. Of
this great company, that had thus laid its ener-
getic hand on the railroad and navigation inter-
ests, Henry Villard was the president and J.
N. Dolph vice-president, with a directorate con-
sisting of A. H. Holmes, W. H. Steinbuck, J.
B. Fry and Henry Villard, of New York, and
G. W. Wiedler, J. C. Arnsworth, S. G. Reed,
Paul Schultz, II. W. Corbett, C. H. Lewis and
J. N. Dolpli, of Portland.

In 1884 the Northern Pacitic road was com-
pleted to Portland, and Oregon had direct rail
communication with the Eastern States.

With the opening of a direct trans-continental
railroad Oregon had entered upon a new era.
Her isolation seemed ended. The heart-tlirob
of a new life sounded along the iron rails that
connected her with the great marts of East-
ern commerce and the great seats of Eastern
learning and culture. The pioneers who had
la

tramped on foot a weary 2,000 miles through a
still more weary six month's pilgrimage were
brought within as many day* of their old homes
as they had been months in reat;hing their new.
Probably no portion of the population of Ore-
gon rejoiced more at the change. The day that
celebrated the arrival of the first tran.'^-continental
train in Portland was one of the brightest gala
days that the city ever beheld. The beauty and
the chivalry, the old and the young, the grave
and the gay, the learned and the unlearned, the
day laborer and the capitalist, all met in the
streets of the metropolis on a common level of
rejoicing. Guns pealed, orators grew el(j(|nent,
poets sung, batiners streamed, processions
marched, all was commotion and all the com-
motion of joy. And well it might lie. The
great work was done. From tide to tiiJe, clear
across the continent, touch atid binl together
the opposite seas. Maine is united to Oregon,
and the Pacific is now almost one witli the At-
lantic. One could not but feel that the most
improbable fancies of the world's greatest dream-
ers have become realizations. When in 1S3S
Lewis Gaylord Clarke said, " The man is now liv-
ing who will make a railroa<l trip across the
continent," how few considered it other than an
idle vision ! From 1838 to 1809, only thirty
short years, and it is a dream no longer. One
cannot but feel proud of his America, proud ot
the noble, if untitled, blood, that shoots through
his veins as he stands amidst such triumphs of
genius and philanthrophy as those which have
glorified the last three decades. She has girdled
a vast continent with bands of law and bands of
steel into one great brotherhood of freedom,
equality and peace.

When the Northern Pacific had spanned the
continent, Henry Villard, as the mighty organ-
izer and builder, was the hero of Oregon's hour.
Scarcely, however, had the train that bore him
and his august company away from Portland
disappeared behind the Cascade mountains l)e-
fore it was announced that the work he had
done had more than exhauste<l hie resources,
and that he was compelled to retire in the very

100

nrSTdHV OF OliEOOK.

iiioiiiunt of Ills liigliCAt triiiiii])li. Ilia wurk
liowever reiiiniiietl, and iiotwitlistandiii^ his
iiiisfortiiiies he eontiiiiied to lioUl ii very warm
idaee in the liearts of the people of Oreirun, he-
cause he liatl ifiven tlieiii what othci-sliad failed
to lio. direct coniniiuileation witii tlic Eastern
8fat('s.

From tliis time onward the proii;re!-8 of Ore-
gon, es|)eciall3' in the Wilhiinette valley, was
ra[)id and snbstantial. Still a lar^e part of the
State was so remote from the line of the com-
pleted road as to derive comparatively little ad
vantage from it. That conld he ohviated only
by the eoiiBtrnetion of a line practically follow-
ing the old emigrant road through the series of
ftlniost connecting valleys of eastern Oregon and
the valley of Snake river into the Salt Lake val-
ley to a junction with the Union Pacific at
Ogden. This most direct possible route from
Chicago, the great commercial center of the eld
Northwest, to Portland, the commercial center of
the new Northwest, was held in high favor by
the people of Oregon. There were reasons for
this feeling. They had largely traveled it. It
was shorter than any other. Some of the most
energetic and sagacious of the people of the
State had completed an organization to locate,
survey and l)uild ndiat was called the "Portland,
Dallas & Salt Lake railroad,'" and were urging
their plans forward with great zeal. Hesides.
year by year, the iron rails were pushing farther
that way, and begun already to touch the feet
of tlie Blue mountains and rise up their piny
slopes. The Union Pacific began to push its
lines .seaward, right down the old line of emi-
grant travel; its very stations hearing the names
of the old camping-places of the emigrants in
the days of the ox-cart, the mule and the
mustang. And then this road, when completed,
Would run nearly five hundred miles in Oregon
itself. So, to the Oregoniatis, this was a favor-
ite ro.itc. and as the hope of its completion
seemt^d near its fultillment they felt a corre-
sponding satisfaction. And when at last it was
done, and Oregon had two distinct lines of road
connecting tlie harbors of tiie Pacific with those

(jf the Atlantic, there was again great rejoicing
among tlui people of the State.

Perhaps the man who, in early times, did
most to draw general attention to this route as
the one that would contribute most to the wel-
fare of Oregon in every way was Mr. W. W.
Chapman of the city of Portland. Mr. Chap-
man was an early immigrant to Oregon. lie
had been a prominent figure in the early history
of Iowa, from which, in its Territorial condition,
he was delegate in Congress. On reaching
Oregon ho became a citizen of Portland and
joint owner of its site, when the city was little
more than a hamlet in the woods. His energy
and enterprise was a proverb. He made ex-
tensive surveys on the lino- chosen, atterded
several sessions of Congress for the purpose of
securing aid, and sent an agent to London to se-
cure help in his vast designs, bearing an expense
that made him poor. The opposition he en-
countered, in Congress and elsewhere, from the
Central Pacific railroad, then holding a monop-
oly of railroad connection coastward, was too
strong for him, and he failed in his plans. But
Mr. ('hapman's energy and persistency did
much to attract attention to the route which he
advocated. lie lived to see others reap the
benefit of his labors; and to see the city in
which he cast his lot in early manhood grow
from a frontier village to be the great comtner-
cial mart of the Northwest, with a population
touching the hnndred-thoudand line, and an
average wealth as great as any city in America,
and in November, 1892, he closed his long
career within it, honored for what he had done,
and perhaps still more for what he had tried to
do for Oregon.

Connected with the great railroad enterprises
of Oregon, in a very' responsible and controlling
position, was Mr. Thielson, whose whole life
has been devoted to the study of the principles
of railroading, and the skillful and scientific
application of them. lie was cliief engineer
in the construction of the groat Michigan cen-
tral lines, and other lines in the Hlastern States,
and so eauie to Oregon a veteran in railroad

niaroiiY of orkgon.

11)1

work. lie entered the service of tlie Oregon
Kiiilrond & Navigation Company as chief en-
gineer of its vast system of linos; a system
cutting the great mountain ranges in twain, and
threa'linif a region among tiie most difiicult in
America for railroad construction. With con-
summate skill and indomitable energy he
pushed forward the wonderful line up the Co-
lumbia river through the Cascade mountains,
and the scarcely less difficult passage of the
Blue monntains, toward its connection with the
Union Pacific, — otherwise called the Oregon
short line, — and so with the East. Quietly, in-
telligently, scientifically. Air. Thielson carried
forward the vast enterprises of which he had
almost sole control, and, as much to his careful
and yet enterprising work, the people of Oregon
are indebted for the early and substantial com-
pletion of this stai)endou8 nndertaking. Mr.
Thielson, having reached tlie splendid limit of
three score and ten years, yet apparently in full-
orbed, mental vigor, is resting through the
beautiful eventide of a most honorable and suc-
cessful life in the city for which he has done so
much, beloved and honored as a Christian and a
man.

It would be very pleasant for tliis writer to
continue the character-sketches of men prom-
inent and useful in the work of this era in
Oregon history, but we can namebut one more, —
lion. David 1'. Thompson. His prominent re-
lation to nearly all classes of puldic improve-
ment in Oregon for the long term of forty
years, and especially to the work of railroad
construction during the special period of which
we are writing, entitles him, more than those
who ciune to the Northwest later, to a distinct-
ive place in this record.

Mr. Thompson came into Oregon in 1852,
hardly more than boy, without powerful friend-
ships or patronage, practically penniless and
alone. There was little to indicate the great
success of hi» after life, unless it was an intense-
ness of purpose and steadiness of will that
bore him right on in whatever he undertook.
His enterprise had no limit. As the country

advanced he grew with it, nnfil he became
wealthy. He has occupie<l many of the most
prominent public positions in the State for
which he had done so much; been a member of
the State Legislature, may^rof the city of Port-
land, and is now, by the appointment of Presi-
dent Harrison, United States minister to Tur-
key. In every publi(^ position in which he has
been placed, he has shown himself entirely
eqnal to its demands.

Mr. Thompson's relation to the railroads of
Oregon was practical — that of constructor.
Some of the most difHcult sections of those
roa<l8, like that through the I'lue mountains,
were constructed by him. Uis practical sagacity,
great energy and am])le resources enal)le him to
achieve with ease what would have been difficult
or impossible to most men. For these reasons
Mr. Thompson may be set down as an important
factor in bringing in and making illustrious the
railroad era in (Jregon.

It would hardly be worth the reader's while to
trace circumstantially an account of the con-
struction of all the local or branch lines of rail-
road that have been constructed in Oregon in
the lust twenry years. The result of their con-
struction, however, cannot be passed by un-
noticed.

In 1872, now only twenty years ago, Oregon
was but an outlying province of the American
Union in fact, though politically it was a State
of that Union. All its tov.'ns were hamlets.
Its pu|)ulation was sparsely spread over the
plains whose sod lay largely uncut by the plow.
Its people were provincial in habits and in
speech. There was more than a suggestion of
indolence in their movements and mien. These
things were not against them particularly: they
were incident to their isolation. But the roar
of the wheels of the first engine that rolled up
the Willamette valley did more than wake the
echoes from the hills: it woke a new life in the
thoughts and hearts of the people. To them
it was not a voice out of the past, but a voice
out of the future. As they saw that engine
roll out of sight southward tliey knew it would

103

niHTORY OF oimooN.

i. ;

81 :

1^-

never ceiiso its further roll until it had rencluHi
tiio " (iolden (tntc, " Or as they saw it turn its
course eastward up the slopes, whoso. Buniinits
were more than a thuueand miles away, they
knew it would not stop its j^oing until it had
reached the eastern shore. Tiiese meant a new
ai^e droppiiif^ suddenly and mysteriously into
lap of the depart! iijjr era almost before the people
were ready for its coming. Then came theceaee-
lers rush of moving trains, hitlierward, thither-
ward, everyward, with the magnetism of their
dash, and tlie force of their momentum starting
into activity and hurry sinews that had been set
to the slow movements of tlieo.x in weary ir\onth6
of travel by his side. Then came new people,
yiviiDg people, coming by scores, by hundreds,
by thousands, with metro])olitan bearing and
cosmopolitan sympathies and life, who had
made in less than a week the former journey of
half a year. It was startling, thrilling, a new

and regenerating social and material life. It
was felt everywhere. The cities began to doff
the old garb of provincial rusticity and don the
new vestments of metropolitan culture. The
ct'usiiry felt the spring of new industries. The
sails of commerce began to wiiiten our harbors.
China and Japa'i ""igan the fulfillment of the
predictions of e old prophets of the time to
bo as Floyd, ai iinn, and lienton, and sent
tlicir teas and silks and spices to the East by
way of the West. Life " where rolls the Ore-
gon" was no more the wild and weird adven-
ture of a fur hunter, nor even the slow and
waiting existence of the en)igrant of the '40s
and the '50s-, it was the rapid business life of
a man who had something to do. So, through
the two decades, from 1872 to 1892, Oregon was
stirred with all the energy and enthusiasm of
business and social life that makes the great
cosmopolitan communities of the Eastern States.

^*Si(iS^je)#*:^ —

CIIArTER XXII.
THE INDIAN WAHS OF OREGON.
CACSKs—DisciUiCTDnic Among the Cayises— Wak Rumous— Indian Agent Visits the Caybsks

ANIl THE NkZ PeRCES — CoCNCIl, WITH BoTH TuiBES CoDE OF LaWS AdOPTED — CauSE OF Du.

McLauohun's Opposition— Incident AT Obeoon City -Klockstock — Threatening War Be-
(ii'N — Dr. Whitman's Position and WoitK— Establishment of a Roman Catholic Mission
— Tom lIii.L AND Joe Lewis — -(irATnERiNo Omens — Sickne8.s among Indians — False State-
ments— Priests, Statement — Dk. Whitman's Murder — Who is Responsible — Express to
Vancouver — Mu. Ogden — Cajtives Ransomed.

SNSTEAD of weaving the story of the In-
dian wars of Oregon as a crimson thread
into all the fabric of our history, we have
thought it better to give that story its own
separate place. This is done partly b«!cauBe
they mostly occurred in a comparatively brief
period of time, although they were prec«ded
for several years by small and somewhat iso-

lated agitations leading gradually but surely
up to them. These, however, can he passed
over with but a casual treatment, as they were
so local and individual that they would add
little to the interest of our historjf.

It is worthy of remark that the Indian tribes
of the Pacific coast have not proved, as a rule,
as warlike in disposition, nor as strong and

innTour OF oreuon.

109

energetic in purpoHe and ar.tion, as were tho8e
of tiie Atlantic coast, if we are to give full
credit to the stories of tiieir liistorinnH. It was
about thirteen years after the Americans began
to settle in Oregon before there occurred any-
thing that ougiit really to be called an Indian
war. Still, after the years in which all Ameri-
can settlements were confined to two or three
missionary stations, it became oiivious to the
more discerning and experienced among the
missionaries, as well as among the settlers not
missionaries, that causes were operating that
would result iu a conflict, more or less severe
and protracted between the whites and the In-
dians. A very brief reference to some of these
ought to introduce this chapter.

The causes and influences productive of the
Indian wars of Oregon were not all indigenous.
Many of them dated far back and far away.
They grew out of the fact that many Indians of
the eastern tribes like the Shawnees, the Dela-
wares, and several from Canadian tribes follow-
ing in the company of the fur tra<lers and trap-
pers, first to the Rocky mountains, and then
clear down to the sea, had filled the minds of
the Indiaus here with exaggerated tales of in-
justice and cruelty experienced by their own
people at the hands of the whites in the East.
Tiiey repeated these stories everywhere; told
how their lands had been taken from them,
their peo[ .e murdered and scattered, and as-
sured these Indians that the whites intended
the same thing here, and would be peaceable
and kind only until enough of their own color
had come, when they would resort to the same
measures that had resulted almost in the anni-
hilation of the Indians east of the Missouri.
Of course such stories found ready listeners
hera Once the thought was lodged in the In-
dian's mind, he would brood over it with his
gloomy taciturnity until he could see the sad
tragedy of his people's downfall enacted before
his eyes.

There was something of truth in the story

•of these renegades, but both they and those

wlio heard their story were entirely without

any true understanding of the real causes of the
decay and disappearance of their people. Up
to the time these renegades began to come into
contact with the Indians of the interior, after
the missionaries began tn arrive iu the country,
those in Orego.i were disposed to peace; and,
indeed, unt^'l emigrants, not missionaries, began
to come by tens and fifties and hundreds and take
possessions of tlie finest lands, there was no dis-
position on their part to molest the whites.
But when these began to arrive it looked to the
Indians as though the statements that Inid
alarmed them were to be immediately veritied,
and rumors of intended war began to circnlate
through the country. They were most preva-
lent and portentous among the Oayuses in the
vicinity of Waulitpu, and occasional acts of
violence were perpetrated by some of these
people, though not extending to actual war.
Still even Dr. Whitman was personally abused,
his wife insulted, his mill was burned, and so
threatening was the disposition of the savages
that Mrs. Whitman spent some months at the
Dalles and in the lower country during the
summer of 1843, the Doetor being absent on
a journey to the eastern States. The disijuiet
extended to the contiguous tribes, and it
seemed for a considerable time that war would
certainly break out.

To allay the agitation among these strong
tribes, Dr. Elijah White, then sub-Indian agent
west of the Rocky mountains, visited the coun-
try of the Oayuses in the autumn of 1842, and
succeeded in composing the minds of the most
of the Indians, at least so far as to prevent an
outbreak at that time. He then made an ap-
pointment to meet them again in the following
May at Waulitpu for further conference and re-
turned to the Willamette.

It was soon found that the troubles were only
temporarily composed; not permanently healed.
War rumors became more rife. Even the leaders
of the Hudson's Bay Company believed there
would be war. The people in the Willamette
valley, then comparatively few, were greatly
alarmed. They knew that it was entirely within

1111

ir/sroiir of tinxnoN.

F-

tlie jMiwer of the liitliiiiii* to dunlroy tin; iiiiKhioiiH,
niul blot tlie fccblo BcttliMiient from tin' face of
tlifenitli, tiiul tlii'y itiore tliiiii Imlf cxpcctcil they
would exercise tlmt power. They ilreadfti the
siiiiiiner of 18-tiJ, when the trails would lib
pHssaiile throiit:;li the iiiountainH, fearinif that
the Cayuses and Kyin|)athi/.iiii; ti'ihcs east of tlie
mountains would then come through on an errand
of death. Dr. White purposed to fulfill his
promise to meet the Cuyuses at Waulitpu in
May, engaging several men who had been con-
nected with the service of the Hudson's l?ay
Company to accompany him. When the time
came to start, so alarmed did these men become
at the evident danger of the j(<urtiey that they
declined to fultill their engagement. Uev.
(lustftvus nines, of the Methodist mission in the
Willamette, volunteered to accompany liim, and
with one other man, and some Indians to paddle
tiieir canocH as far as the Dalles, they set out on
a mission that meant death to them or peace to
the settlements.

Arriving at Vancouver Dr. Mcl-anghlin en-
deavored to dissuade them from the journey.
lie had better reasons for this, as afterward
appeared, than he disclosed to them. His posi-
tion trave him a better knowledge of the feel-
ings of the Indians than any other man pos-
sessed, or coidd possess, and he understood
the peril involved in tlieir journey, lie even
hesitated to furnish them an outfit for the jour-
ney, without which they could hardly havejjone
at all. I?ut these were men not to be turned
aside from a pnrpo.se once carefully formed, as
this had been, and they refolved to proceed, and
did.

On reaching AVanlitpu they found the trou-
bles had not been exaggerated. The Indians
were sullen, ke]jt aloof, postponed, and tiie pros-
pects of any success in their mis8,ion were small
indeed. I'ntting the purpose of their coming
bef'oie the Indians as well as they could, they
> resolved to go a hundred miles farther into the
country and visit the Nez Perces, at Lapwai,
the seat of the mission of Mr. Spaulding. The
object was to influence the Cayuses by first

securinj; the attention and confidence of the Nez
I'erces, who had considerable influence with the
Cayuses. This did not please the Cayuses, but
they did not attempt to prevent it by force.
They found the Nez I'erces more jwaceably
inclined than the Cayuses, and, after a confer-
ence of a few days with them, accumpanied by
several hundred of the Nez I'erces, they returned
to Waulitpu for the purpose of renewing
negotiations with the Cayuses.

They found the Cayuses in bad humor, — so
bad that when they met the five or six hundred
Nez I'erces, who had come down to participate
in tl'e expected council, Ellis, the head chief,
declared that he thought the Cayuses intended
to fight his people then and there. I'ut after
con8iderat)le effort tiie storm liiat was so near
bursting theti around and upon the agent and
his companions was allayed, and a council was
opened.

A number of speeciies were made by the
chiefs of the Cayuses and Xez I'erces, and, after
quite a delay a code of simple laws or rules -for
the government of the Cayuse people were
adopted, and Mr. White and his companions re-
turned to the Willamette settlement. Yet such
was the unsettled and uncertain State of these
tribes, even after the atrreement was made,
Mrs. Whitman resolved to accompany the party
to the lower country.

We have said above that when Dr. White
and Mr. Ilines were on their way to the Cayuse
country Dr. McLaughlin advised them against
proceeding, and that he had stronger reasons
for that advice than ho chose at tlmt time to
communicate. What he understood and what
they did not understand at that time, was the
efforts so constantly and persistently made by
the renegade epstern Indians to stir up the ani-
mosities of the Indians of the coast against the
whites, and he also knew that at that very time
those efforts were in danger of immediate suc-
cess. He did not believe, from the knowledge
he had of Indian character, that this small party
of men could go among the Cayuses and escape
with their lives. He fiirtlier knew that their

nrsra/iy or oittcnoN..

iniiittiHci'u wiiiild li(! iiiiiiutdiiituly foliowod liy iiii
iiidig(;i'iiniimt() biitclierin^ of the ciitiro white
|)opiil»tion. IJiit siicli will* the (K'lipiicy of liis
|ioHitioii 118 th(* heuil otticci' of the ilmlsoirH liny
Coinpiiny, mid 8(, iiiiiriy were the prejudices
ntfiiingt liiiii hy tiie American popiiliition ^encr-
erally, as Huch, thiit he coiiid (.nly jrive these
gentlemen liis conclusioim witiioiit commiiiii-
CHtinj^ in full his roKSons for them.

Hilt Dr. Wliitmim wat* aware of all tliis he-
fore he left for his winter journey to the States
in 1842. In an interview with IJr. Mcl,aiijrhlin
lifter his return from that journey, r)r. Mc-
Laughlin communicated to him his own l)eUef,
when Dr. Whitman replied. " C), I ki>;>w all
about this, and I have known it for twu years! "'
lie then referred to one man, who perhaps
more than all others was responsible for thus
inspiring those Indians with hatred of the
whites and a purpose to destroy them, namely,
"Tom Hill, the Shawnee." To quote the lan-
guage of Dr. McLaughlin himself: "This In-
dian had been educated at Darinoiith College
in the States, and had told the Indians that a
few Americans had come to settit v^.. the lands
of the Shawnees; that the Shawnees allowed
them, but when the Americans were strong
enough they drove the Shawnees off, and now
the Shawnees had no land, and had advised
the Indians to allow no Americans to settle on
their lands; which acivice the Indians are in-
clined to follow by killing the immigrants who
first came." Dr. McLaughlin' believed, and
wrote, that the Iniliaus would have done so had
it not been for the cautious and decided manner
in which he himself acted in this critical emer-
gency. However this may be, it is certain that
Dr. McLaughlin was in a position, by simple
silence, to let the Indians understand that his
company would not be displeased if the Amer-
ican settlements were destroyed. I3ut he did
not keep silent, and it was the fear the Indians
had of Dr. MoLanghlin and the company he
controlled, in our opinion, that saved Oregon in
1842-'43 from an Indian war that would have
annihilated the small American population, in-

cluding the Miii'.-^ioniuy utiilions, which were all
American, if we accept the Koman Catholic
missions, which wim'c all iinilur foreign and
un-American auspices.

With these remarks in regard to the influence
and causes operating to make certain and even
to hasten a conllict, we may take up the thread
of our story.

An incident that illustrated the s|)irit that
was moving deep and wide, and which resulted
first in fatal personal differences between the
Whites and Indians occurred at Oregon City.
This was then the chief town of the Territory. On
this 'occasion it was thrown into great alarm
by the vi'^lent conduct of Klockstock, a sub-
chief of the Molalla tribe, anil a man of very
cruel and treacherous temper, and a small band
of his followers. This band, led by Klockstock,
were generally, responsible for the many small
acts of hostility, which had annoyed and alarmed
all the people of the Willamette valley. They
had not proceeded as far as actual murder in
any case, but were occasionally so violent as to
spread terror among the settlements, aiul make
the name of Klockstock and his band a constant
dread in the cabins, of the settlers.

As stated before, Dr. Elijah White, as sub-
Indian agent west of tlie Itocky mountains,
had prepared a code of laws which had been ac-
cepted by several tribes, for the government
of the Indians. In accordance with this code
an Indian of the Wasco tribe, and a relative of
Klockstock, having mistreated Mr. Perkins of
the Methodist mission at the Dalles, was pun-
ished. Klockstock, with the usual unreason of
an Indian, held lh\ White responsible for the
indignity thus offered his guilty kinsman, and
determing to revenge the insult, visited Dr.
White's home in his absence and broke every
window pane in the house. He was pursued,
but not caught; but became an object of terror
to the Doctor, who offered a reward of a hun-
dred dollars for his capture. Learning this,
Klockstock with four of his band visited Oregon
City on the 4th of March, 1S44. for the avowed
purpose ot Ijaving a -talk" with the whites

uisrunr of hueoos.

t(i vinilicatf liiiii>flt' IVuiii tlic t-liiirgcH tliiit lind
liccii iiiitdi- a^HJiixt liiiii. He rode i>|i('nl}' intii
till' tnwii, aii'l after rciimiiiing abuiit hii hour
eroi'sftl \\\v river to an Indian village on the
i)()|i«i."it(' Mv to procure nn interpreter. II ii*
pre.scnce wne known, and on hi» return tu the
city several men atteniptcd to arrest liini, when
n (lexiierate Hgiit ensued. Kiooketock whh killed,
but hirt four followerit niude good their escape.
I'lit Klocki-tock had killey a poisoned arrow, which caused hi»
death in a tew days. It does not ap])ear that
there was any intention on the pari of the In-
dians at this time to make any attack upon the
wliites, lint that the ditliculty was caused hy
the inconsiderate action of a few who were
eager to iiUtain tlie reward oftered by the Indian
agent. Still the alarm was great, and the ex-
ecutive committee of the provisional govern-
ment issued a proclamation fur the organization
of a inititary company. This was done on the
Kith of March by the enrollment of nineteen
names, and the election of T. D. Keizer as cap-
tain; .1. L. Morrison and F. ('. Carson, lieuten-
ants; l)iit their >erv ices were not required.

It was not possible, however, that Oregon
should escape real Indian wars. The same
causes that liave always operated when the
white and Indians races have come into contact
to produce them were operating here. That
they were postponetl so long was largely owing
to the fact that the early white settlers of the
country were almo.*t entirely missionaries, and
that the Indians liad received them as such, and
coi.ld not apjireciate the fact, that the mission-
arie> themselves well understood that tlioy were
but til? advanced guard of an army of occupa-
tion of the whites which would soon spread over
the j)lains of Oregon. Hence they were treated
with forbearance, if not veneration, by thelndians
for at least a decade, until the inflow of whites
had become so great as to both awaken the
gravest fears in the minds of the Indiana and
at the same time meai^urably to overawe them.

Still, the Indiaiih grew more and more suspicion*,
and the leading men among them more ami more
Kullen and threatening. Nor did the Indians
fail to connect the missionaries with the great
host of incoming wliites in the relation of cause
to effect, and so hold them largely responsible
for the evil that had come to their tribes from the
presence of the powerful and intelligent white
race. When, therefore, the pent-up imseionsof
the Indians broke forth into murder, it was but
the natural sequence that the blow that intro-
duced the era of Indian wars, that lasted a
decade and a half, should fall upon the mission-
aries themselves. It fell like a thunderbolt, on
the 2»tli day of November, 1847, on Dr. Mar-
cus Whitman ami his wife, Narcissa I'rentisB
Whitman, and their missionary station at
Waulitpu, and with one re<l blow annihilated
that mission from the face of the earth.

This most tragic event in the history of Ore-
gon must have a double treatment, one in its
facts, and one dealing with its causes and re-
sults. The two will necessarily blend some-
what, but the intelligent reader will not fail to
distinguish l)etween them as the story pro-
gresses.

Waulitpu was the Indian name of the place
where Dr. Whitman, in the late autumn of 1836,
established his mission station among the Cay-
use people. It was situated on the Walla Walla
river, about twenty five miles from the old
Hudson's Bay Company's fort of that name,
which stood on the south bank of the ('oluinbin,
and just above tlie mouth of the Walla Walla.
He had selected this place because it lay very
near the center of the country claimed by the
Caynse tribe, and was easy of access, both to the
Indians and the whites. His mission for a time
seemed to be among the n»08t prosperous and
promising of all the Indian missions in Oregon.
The Cayuses were intelligent, active, though not
considered as tractable and trustworthy as their
relatives, the Nez Perces, whose territory joined
theirs on the northeast. Quite a number of the
tribe had made a profession of Christianity un-
der his labors, and Dr. Whitman and his co

niHTOUY OF OUKUUS.

1U7

Ifthorcrs liiul lii^li \wYc* tliiit tilt' fiitire trilie
would paBH iitulfr tliu iiitliiuiicu ot tlie Ciiriktiuii
gyhtuiii (iml lmli(<f.

Ti) liU work R» n (!liri«tiHn tenclifi- Dr. Wliit-
miiii Imd Hildt'd tliat of ii int'dicnl pructitioner,
BO tlmt, to tlie HuperstitiouH Indinii mind he
rhhiiiiumI II iiiiu'li wider rcHponsiliility tlmn lit!
would litivo iiBaiiinud ns ii inerr tcnclier of ro-
lii^ions tnitlm. A« » piiyHicieii lie, like their
own " iiu'diciue iiu'ii," wan Biipposed to have
power to heal or to kill at pleasure, aud however
iiiiich he might endeavor to disftbiise their
miiiilH of that belief, ii could never quite he
done, for tlu Indian mind is remarkably tena-
cious of its superstitions, and they never quite
lose thoirdoiiiinion over an Indian's action. As
useful as the profession and practice of a doctor
mi^^ht really he, they added an element of dan-
ger as well as an element ot strength to the
position of Dr. Whitman.

The Doctor was a man to draw about him a
somewhat large following of assistants and de-
pendents, for he was naturally a leader of men,
with a strong personality and a broad and
grasping'mind. IJe planned more brwidly than
any of his associates in the missions of the
American Board, and had more of the strong
grip of executive power than they. He had
opened quite an extensive farm and erected a
sawmill and flouring-mill. The buildings for
dwelling, school, church and other purposes
wore of quite a pretentious character for the
country, and formed quite a hamlet in the midst
of the wide unhomed solitudes of these interior
valleys and mountains. The dwelling-house
was a large adobe, or sun-dried brick, build-
ing, well finished and furnished, with a large
library, and an extensive cabinet. Connected
with it was a large " Indian room,'' as it was
called, built for the accommodation and use of
the Indians who were constantly or occasionally
about- the mission, either as employes in any
department or on business, or as mere loungers.
It had also an addition, seventy feet in length,
consisting of kitchen, sleeping-room, school-
room and church. One hundred yards east

Htood H jar^c adobe building, and at anuther
point about the aame distance stood the mill,
granary kiuI shops. Connected with the mis-
sion was a sawmill situated on Mill creek on tlii<
edge of the Blue mountains, about tifleen miles
from the station itself. Thus the mission was
situated at the end of ten years from its estab-
lisiiment in 183t).

The special work and the general relations of
the various mi^iiionary establishments of the
country having been clrtewhere considered it is
not needful to recur to them here further than
to connect them with the events that 0|»ene(l
the tirnt Indian war of Oregon. This we do in
a simple statement of historic facts with only a
very brief discussion of the natural, and per-
haps inevitable, results of those facts.

The establishment of Uoinan Catholic'mis-
sioiis in the inime<Iiate vicinity of those of the
Protestant boards inevitably confused the minds
of the Indians, aud led them to look very sus-
piciously upon the Protestants. This was the
more certainly and fatally the result as they
fully understood that the people of the Hudson's
Bay Company had joyfully welcomed the com-
ing of the Ilomish priests, and extended to them,
rather than to the Protestants, their sympathy
and support. Though not gifted with any great
capability of ratiocination, the Indian has quick
perception from obvious and occult facts, and
they could not but comprehend this, vliile they
Would entirely fail to comprehend the rationale
of the historic and theological differences and
argreements between the Roman Catholic and
Protestant systems. Hence they would act from
whst they saw — not from the reason that was
behind it.

The missionaries of the Roman Catholic
Church had entered Oregon in 1838, as noted
elsewhere. As they count success, their mis-
sions had been very successful. They had
baptized many Indians; some authorities say
not less than 5,000 \>j the autnmn of 1847,
and the priests were everywhere, and their zeal
was admirable as they went on their mission of
proselytisra from California to British Colum-

IDS

J/lsTOIir OF OllKOOK.

■i ;; !

I' i I

l)iu. Tliuir luiiJui's wui'c iistuto ami able men.
Such iiiitnes as Blanciief, Oceolti, DeSiiiot, .ioset,
llavalli, Saiullois, Dennis, Brotiillet and Halduc
were reconled airong tlieir twenty-six clergy-
men employed in this field. As tlie.ie names
indicate, there was not an American among
them, liardly one who conld .-^peak or write
the Enirlisli lanjruaffe with respectable accuracy,
but they were disciplined and resolute and
self-ilenyinif men. Thjy liroufflit with them
no families. They established no communities.
Tney lived with and as the Indians. They
found them Indians, baptizeil them into the
Roman Catholic Church, and left them Indians
as they found them. Their presence, therefore
boded no change to awaken tlie apprehensions
of the Indians, and hence they could go and
eoine, teach and catechise, baptize and confirn;
at will, and their imposing ceremonies and eas>
moral exactions completely captured the minds
of the most of the Indians.

The more this was true the less could the
Protestant missions succeed. Dr. Whitman's
mission in ])arlicular was in a position to feel
the blight of their influence the soonest and
most fatally. From its beginning some of the
Cayuses were iiostile to the mission, more were
indifferent, and a small number were favorable.
Tam-su-ky. an iiiHuential chief, who rt^sided not
far from Waulitpu, was the leader of the opposers
of the mission, 'i'lieir opposition became more
bitter after the Romish pi'iests entered the
country, and was still more intensified after Dr.
Whitman returned from the Kast with the
great train of etnigrantsof 1843. To add to the
impulse which was moving the Cayiiso |)eople
toward munler and war. in 1S45, -'Tom Hill,"
a Delaware Indian, lived among the Nez For-
ces and told them that the missonaries first
visited his people. Iiut were soon followed by
other Americans, who took away their lands.
He visited Waulitpu and repeated the same
story to the Cayuse. Of course the Indians
were still more alarmed.

In another year ancither Indian, or half-iireed,
came among them, wheiica and from whom

history has failed to certify. His name was
Joe Lewis. IIj reaffirmed the statements
of Tom Hill. Under these infineuces com-
bined with a desire on the part of many if not
most of the tribe to secure the Roman Cath-
olic relitfion. Dr. Whitman's work withered
away under them. His most trustworthy friends
among the Indians, Um-howl-isli and Stick-ns,
warned him of liis danger, and advised him to
ai)andon his work. Archibald McKinley, then
in charge of Fort Walla Walla, emphasized* the
warning and repeated the advice. Thomas Mc-
Kayre repeated it. Dr. Whitman knew the dan-
ger, understood the influences that were destroy-
ing his work and im periling his life, but, brave
man that he was, he faced them all. How could
he have done otherwise?

Still, in the fall of 1847, Dr. Whitman decided
to remove to the Dalles as soon as arrangements
could be completed. He went there himself and
received from the Methodist mission, which had
decided to abandon that field, the premises it
held at that place as a gift to the American
Hoard. On arriving at Wal)a Walla, about the
10th of September, he found four Romish priests
at the place, arranging to establish a mission
under the very shadow of Waulitpu. At their
head was Father A. ^[. A. HIanchet, a smooth,
yet resolute and able man, self-poised to a re-
markable o..,gree, and unrelenting in his pur-
poses and aims. With him was Hrouillet, per-
haps fully the e<jual of Blaiichet in ability of
every kind, though not his equal in rank. Com-
ing just at this crisis in the work of Dr. Whit-
man, they found it easy to win over to their
cause much the larger part of the Indians. The
fact that thoy came to supplant Dr. AV^hitman
on the ve.'v field of his eleven years" toil coiihl
not but have the effect of making the Indians
believe that these new religious teacliers would
be only too glad to see Dr. Whitman's misBion
destroyc<l, even if they did not desire hie own
death. It was not necessary that they should
suggest or advise this course; the suggestion
was in their very presence and in the nature of
their work, and it is not probable that they

itrsTOHY Oh' oiiKnoN.

199

iimde iiiiy other. Certainly this writer has never
fouiid any coiivincitig evideiiee that tlioy did.
Still itseern.s tolerably certain tliat with murder
and destruction palpitating in the very air, they
spoke no word and did no deed against it.

Hoping that the storni of wratii that he i*nw
plainly impending would not burst upon him
before another year Dr. Whitman, after his re-
turn from the Dalles, settled down to the calm
pursuit of his missionary work. Meantime the
large immigration of 1847 came pouring down
from tlie Hiue mountains upon the plains of
Columbia. Tliere was much sickness among
the emigrants, the measles and dysentery pre-
V .iling to an alarming e.\tent. These soon be-
came epidemic among the Indians, many of
wliom, despite the remedies administered by Dr.
Whitman and the most careful attention of Mrs.
Whitman, died of these diseases. Joe J^ewis
took a horrible advantage of this sitnation to
further prejudice tlie Indians' minds against
the mission. He told them that the Doctor
was administering poison to tliem, and that he
intended to kill them all oft' that the Americans
miiflit take their lands. We detailed conversa-
tions that he professed to have overheard be-'
tween Doctor and Mrs. Whitman, in which the
Doctor complained hecause tiie Indians were
not dying fast enough. He also asserted tliat
IJrouillet, the Roman Catliolic priest, had told
him that the Doctor was giving the Indians
poison. Falling upon the e.vcited minds of the
Indians those statesments were like fire in
powder. The explosion was sure to come, and
it meant destruction when it came.

Of course it is not necessary to say to tlit, in-
telligent rea<ler that there was no foundation for
these statements. They were the sheer in-
ventions of a murderous villain, who, after hav-
ing shared the hospitality and care of Dr. Wiiit-
man and Mrs. Wliitman, was hase enough to
plot their destruction. The presence of the
priest at this time, and his active proselytism
of the Indians to Romanism, was indeed an in-
cendiary influence suflicient to set tlie Indians
into an unreHsoning and fatal excitement, but

it cannot he considereu lik(dy that ho made to
liCwis the statement averred, or even that he
i fully anticipated the terrible tragedy that so
soon followed. The justice of history requires
this statement, but it requires also the additional
one that he did state to the Indians tliat Dr.
Whitman was a bad man, and that what he was
teaching Uiem was a false religion, and if they
believed it they would certainly go to hell. In
the blindness and prejudice of his sectarian zeal
he might have believed all this, and even have
justified tohis own conscience, on the well-known
principles of Jesuitism, the making of -the state-
luent, hut it would be too severe a shock to our
faith in hnraanity to believe that he counseled
or sought the murder of these noble missiona-
ries. The writer of this history has been for
many years acquainted with quite a number of
the Indians associated with Dr. Whitman before
and at the time of the massacre, also with several
of the suft'erers in the terrible tragedy, and the
sum of all the evidence he could gather from
these, as well as the residiwim of the testimony
of all who have written on the subject, confirms
him in this judgment. To array the evidences,
which have thus satisled his own mind, would
be unnecessarily to weary the reader of this
work.

As the autum.. wore on Dr. Whitman fully
recognized the impending danger. To avert it
he endeavored to secure the presence of Thomas
McKay, one of tlie most influential and sensible
of the early mountaineers, during the winter,
but could not succeed. Meanwhile the story of
Joe Lewis was working its direful way in the
minds of the Indians. The wife of Tam-su-ky,
the leader of those who were determined to drive
off Dr. Whitman, was sick. He resolved to
put the poison theory to a practical test liy ob-
taining some medicine of the Doctor and ad-
ministering it to her. If she recovered lie would
not helieve the story; if she died the mission-
aries must also die. The test was made. The
woman died, thus the fate of the missionaries
was decided.

Sabbath at tlo mission was a day when large

;**^

300

lIIsroltY OF OKEGON.

t! !t i

!..;

ntiinbei-8 of the Indians gathered, some for wor-
shi]), and some lor the excitement of a crowd.
The t'rienils of tho mission were sure to Ije tliere
on that day. The 28tli of Noveini)er, that year,
was Sunday, and as usual religious services were
hold, a considerahle number of the Indians par-
ticipatinir in them. Tam-su-ky and his followers
had fixed on Monday for their murderous deed,
as tliev knew but few if any of the Indian friends
of Dr. Whitman would be present. On that day,
Novctnl)er 29, 1847, about fifty of the followers
of Tain-su-ky gathered at the inission. Their
gathering awakened the apprehensions of the
whites, as it was so unusual to see such numbers
present except on Sunday. Still the wor!: of
the establishment, indoors and out, went on as
usual. Dr. Whitman was in his office, sittinix
in a chair and preparing a prescription for an
Indian. Mrs. Whitman was in an upper room
busied in her duties. The Indians were scat-
tered aiout the yard, a few l)eii:g in the Doctor's
oflice. Suddenly the murderous attack began.
Dr. Whitman was cloven down by the blow of
a tomahawk wielded by Tarn a- has, an Indian of
such a cruel nature as to be known among his
own people as " the murderer." Mrs. Whit-
man was shot in the breast while standing at a
window to which she had stepped on hearing
the noise of the sudden outburst, liut a few
Indians were actively engaged in tiie murder-
ous onslaught, the rest looked stolidly on. Only
one or two of the Whitman Indians were pres-
ent and they were not permitted to interfere.

It would serve no good purpose to relate the
actual details of tiie horrible tragedy. Indeed
most that has been written of them \t so tinged
with the i' lagination of the writers that it
would lie impossible to give them as they oc-
curred, even were it desirable to do so. The vic-
tims of the murderous fury of the Indiana were
Dr. Marcus Whitman, Mrs. Xarcissa Prentiss
Whitman, ilohn Sager, Frances Sager, Crocket
Hewly, Mr. liogers. Air. Kimball, Mr. Sales,
Mr. Marsh, Mr. Saunders, Mr. Young, Mr.
Iloffnum, and Isaac, Gillen.

With the personal and sectarian criminations

and recriminations that have arisen out of this
most tragic event in Oregon history, we think
it not wise to blur these pages. While the at-
titude of the Hudson's Bay Company toward
the American settlers and of the Roman Catho-
lic Church toward the Protestant missions was
such" as to place such events as this as natural,
and almost inevitable I'esults of that attitude,
tio satisfactory evidence has appeared that they
were planned or intended. Hence we are ready
to leave their discussion with this statement,
feeling sure that, while a large moral responsi-
bility for the destruction of the mission of Wau-
litpu and the murder of those who had labored
so earnestly and long for the welfare of Indians,
must rest upon the unseemly zeal of these tierce
sectaries of Komanism. as well as upon the well-
known opposition of the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany to everything American, tlie Indians were
carried by their ignorance and j)assion far be-
yond the intentions of either the priest.'^, wliose
teachings inflamed them, or the company whose
desire, as they understood it, had been so long
a law unto them. If, during the frenzy of
that day of blood, neither party interfered to
avert or soften the blow, or if, immediately fol-
lowing it, either or both declined assistance to
the fugitive sufferers who had escaped massa-
cre, we set it down more to the weakness of the
individuals who, for the time, stood as repre-
sentatives of the eoinps.ny and the church, than
to these bodies themselves. Ila<l McKinley or
Ogden, or Douglas been in charge of Fort Walla
Walla instead of McBean when the fugitives
from Waulitpu lay at its gate asking for succor,
the suffering i'amily of Osborn, hiding in the
willows near Waulitpu during those freezing
nights, would have been at onje sought out and
cared for. The fugitive and frightened Hall
woidd not have been put over the Columbia
river and left in the wintry desert among the
savages to starve or be killed, -^ne of which must
needs occur, as he was by the heartless coward-
ice of McBean. So much history must fairly
record, but in the recording this it must not for-
get that such men do not fitly represent all men,

t of this
fe think
e the at-
y toward
n Catho-
ions was
natural,
attitude,
hat tliey
ru ready
iteinent,
espouHi-
of Wan-
labored
Indians,
«•' fieree
tlie well-

ay Com-

ins were
far he-

•< whose

y whose
80 long .

^enzy of

•fered to

tely fol-

THI': TIIRKE SISTERS

A VIEW OF PORTLAND, OREGON

^BI^K'

■ I'.i

■i«iiiiii<PiiMMgii

HISTORY OF ORBOON.

SOI

nor even most men, but stand for themselves
alone.

An exprei?w was sent at once from P'ort Walla
Walla to Mr. James Uonglas, chief factor of
the Hudson's Bay Company at Vancouver, with
intelligence of the massacre. In iiarmony with
his past want of comprehension and spirit, Mr.
McBean instructed the courier carrying the
message not to communicate the fact of the
massacre to the whites at the Dalles as he
passed, thus leaving them exposed, without
warning, to the fate that had befallen AVaulitpu.
On the arrival of the courier at Vancouver, the
action of Mr. Douglas was proin]>t and eflFect-
ive, entirely sufficient to set at rest all question
as to the complicity of the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany in any way with the sad events that had
just occurred. He immediately sent a courier
express with a message notifying Governor
Abernethy, at Oregon City, of what had taken
place. Without waiting for any action by the
governor or the American settlers, he immedi-
ately dispatched Mr. Peter Skeen Ogden, one of
the most influential and able factors of the com-
pany, with an armed force to the scene of the

tragedy. Mr. Ogden held a council with the
Cay uses at Fort Walla Walla. He declared the
great displeasure of the company at their con-
duct. He proposed to ransom the forty-seven
prisoners, chiefly women and children, that they
held in captivity. Hin prompt and decisive
action resulted in the delivery of these jwor
people from their captivity. On J(»,ii>.ary 1,
1848, iifty Nez Perces from Lapwai arrived
with Mr. Spaulding and ten others, who had
also been in great peril from the contagion of
murder which had spread through all the
neighboring tribes by the action of Cayu.-ie8,and
who were also held as prisoners by the Nez
Perces. These were also ransomed by Mr.
Ogden, and thus all the whites in the infected
district were delivered oat of the hands of the
savages by the resolute action of the Hudson's
Bay Company, Wore the Americans had time
to act. On January 10 the rescued prisoners
were delivered over to Governor Abeniefhy by
tlie nndson's Bay Company's people, at Oregon
City. Thus closed the opening and bloody
chapter of the Indian wars of Oregon.

-^mm^^^^^---

nrsTOUY OF OREOON.

riIAl'TP:K XXIII. ,

INDIAN WAHS, CONTINUED.

(iliKAT Af.AKMS — Cam. KOIJ VoI.UNTKKKS — AcTION-OF Li;(iISI,ATDUK KeGIMKNT ()R(iANI/,i;i) RoSTKK

UK COMI'ANIKS TkoOI'8 MoVK To TIIK DaM.ES MaUCII TOWAKl) Wauliti'ii- -JJatti.k (iF SaNI)

IIoi.i.DW — Indians Vwa. Hack towai!!) Snakk Uivku — Dkath ok Colonkl Giixiam — NEdo-
TiATioNs — Mr. ()(;i)i;.\ — Dia'UTAiioN ok Indians to Oregon Citv — Indians Taken and Exe-

CITED.

U'i:!

fii'

'IIKX tlie iiitelliVeiice of tlio murder of
Dr. and Mrs. Wliitinaii and tlieii' asso-
ciates reached Governor Aberiiethy at
Oregon City, the Leirjslature of the ])rovisi()nal
governineiit was in session. A call for volun-
teers, to proceed at once to the Dalles and take
possession of tliat place, was at once issued.
Great tears were entertained that the Indians of
the interior might assail the settlements of the
Willanu'tte valley by the way of the Columbia
rivei'. the only way that valley could be reached
by them in the winter. The e.Ktent of the de-
fection of the Indians was not known at the
capital; hence provision must be made for any
contingency at once. On the night of the 8th
(jf December, the very day the news of the
massacre reached Oregon City, a public meet-
ing was held in that place, and a company was
organized, under the name of the "Oregon
Kities," to proceed at once to the Dalles and
take possession of that strategic point. Henry
A. (t. Lee was made captain, and Joseph Ma-
i;one and John K. Ross, lieutenants of it. The
Legislature pledged the credit of the provisional
government to secure equipments for the com-
pany, but the Hudson's BayComj)any preferred
the individual responsibility of the committee
of the Legislature who applied for the ecjuip-
ments. This was given, and erms and ammu-
nitions were issueil to the company, which
arrived at Vancouver on the 10th, only two
days after its organization, to receive them. On
tile Slst they reached the Dalles, and the dan-

ger of an Indian invasion of the AV^illamette was
over for the winter. But this did not end: it
only began the war. The scattered people of
Oregon could not rest, indeed they dared not
rest, with the murders of Waulitpu unavenged
and the murderers still at large. To have done
80 would have been to invite a bloody Indian
war from end to end of the country.

The action of the Legislature and of Gov-
ernor .Xbernethy was jirompt and effective. On
December 9 an act was passed and approved for
the organization of a regiment of fourteen com-
panies, and their e(juipment for service. The
brave pioneers of Oregon resjionded with patri-
otic devotion to the call, furnishing their own
arms, equipments and horses. The men who
led were the men of mark then and subse-
quently in Oregon history, an<l it seems only a
proper recognition of their patriotism and
bravery to place their names on the pages of
every history of those thrilling times in the
story of the Northwest. Here is a roster of the
otHcers:

KlliLD AND STAKK.

Colonel, Cornelius Gilliam; Lieutenant-Coio-
nel, James Waters; Major, II. A. G. Leo; Adju-
tant, I). F. Burch; Surgeon, W. M. Carpenter;
Assistant Surgeons, F. Sneiderand Il.Safarans;
Commissary, .Fuel Palmer; (Quartermaster, B.
Jennings; Paymaster, L. 1>. Knox; Juclge Ad-
vocate, J. S. Uinearson.

IITSTORT OF OliEGOX.

SOS

LINK 0FKICEK8.

Conipany A, fifty-live men. Captain, Lun-
rencc IJall; First l.ieuteiiant, 11. D. O'Hiyant;
Second Lieutenant, John Engent.

Company 11, forty-three men. Captain, J.
W. Owens; First Lieutenant, A. T. Rogers;
Second Lieutenant, T. C. Sliaw.

Company C, eighty-four men. Captain, II.
J. G. Maxon; First Lieutenant, I. N. Gilbert;
Second Lieutenant, W. 1'. Pugh.

Company D, thirty-six men. Captain, Tliomas
McKay ; First Lieutenant, Charles McKay ; Sec-
ond Lieutenant, Alexander McKay.

Company D, fifty-two men. Captain, Phil.
F. Thompson; P^irst Lieutenant, James Brown;
Second Lieutenant, J. M. Garrison.

Company E, forty- four men. Captain, L. N.
English; First Lieutenant, William Shaw; Sec-
ond Lieutenant, M. F. Nnnkers.

Company E, tiiirtysix men. Ca|)tain, Will-
iam Martin; First Lieutenant, A. E. Garrison;
Second Lieutenant, David Waters.

Company E, sixty-three men. Captain, Will-
iam P. Pugh; First Lieutenant, N. R. Doty;
Second Lieutenant, M. Ranisley.

Company G, sixty-six men. Captain, J. W.
Xesmith; First Lieutenant, J. S. Snook; Second
Lieutenant, M. Gilliam.

Company II, forty-nine men. Captain, G.
W^. Hennett; First Lieutenant, J. R. Bevin;
Second Lieutenant. J . li. Payne.

Company I, thirty-six men. Captain. W.
Shaw; First Lieutenant. D. Crawford; Second
Lieutenant, 15. Davis.

Company No. 7, twenty seven men. Cap-
tain, J. M. Garrison; First Lieutenant, A. E.
Garrison; Second Lieutenant, John llerron.

F. S. Waters' Guard, tifty-sevon men. Cap-
tain, William Martin; First Lieutenant, D.
We.ston; Second Lieutenant, B. Taylor.

Reorganized Company. Captain, John E.
Ross; First Lieutenant, D. P. Barnes; Second
Lieutenant, W. W. Porter.

This roster shows a force of about 600 enlist-
ments besides field and staff otiicers, and with

this force Colonel (William proceeded to the
Dalles the last of February, 1848. On the 27th,
with a hundred and thirty men he inov(>d for-
wa^'I and crossed the Dcs Chutes river, wliere
he was fn'rly within the enemy's oountry. A '
reconnoisnanco led by Major Lee up that river,
al)out twenty miles, discovered a hostile camp,
engaged it, when the party returned and re-
ported to the colonel. On the following day
colonel Gilliam moved up to the same place,
and the next morning had a skirmisii with the
Indians of the Des Clintes tribe, which resulted
in a defeat of their forces, and was followed by
a treaty of peace which witlidrew this band
from the hostiles for the remainder of the war.
Though attended with little fatality the result
of this movement was very important, as it
would have been entirely unsafe for the com-
mand of Colonel Gilliam to have moved forward
leaving this hostile band in its rear, and between
it and the Willamette valley, which would
iiave been thus opened to depredation.

Colonel Gilliam immediately pushed forward
toward Waulitpu. about a hundred and fifty
miles distant. His route was over an open,
treeless country of great rolling liills, poorly
watered, full of ravines and gulches that aftorded
many opportunities for the peculiar tactics of
Indian warfare. At Sand Hollow, about half
way from the Des Chutes to Waulit])n, the
Indians were encountered in force. Their field
was well chosen. It was a deep depression
among the sandy hills, full of cuts and wa.^hos,
affording excellent hiding places for the Indians,
and extended across the emigrant roaJ, on which
the column was^advancing. Up to this time it
was uncertain whether the entire Cayuse nation
would enter the war to protect the murderers
or not, many believing that a large number of
them would not. But here all were undeceived.
The great body of Cayuse warriors, under the
command of their head chief, Five Crowe,
and a chief named " War Eagle,'' ottered to the
volunteer force the gauge of battle, whi.'!. was
promptly accepted. Upon the company r Cap-
tain McKay the first asssiu'i ••as made. Five

204

UlSTOHV OF Olth'OON.

III:'!

CrowB and War Kaglo l)otli made iireteiisions to
the possession of wizard powi-rs and to demon-
strate tlieir powers to their own people daslied
out of tlieir ooncealnients, rode down close to
the volunteers and shot a little dog that came
out of the ranks to hark at ilieni. Tiie orders
were not to lire, but Ca[)tHiM Melva}''8 Scotch
hlood was up, and bringing liis rifle to his face
he took deliberate aim at War Kafj;le and drove
a bullet through his head, killing him instantly.
Lieutenant McKay tired his s-hotgnn at Kive
Crows without aim, and wounded him so badly
that he was compelle<l to give up the command
of his warriors. Disheartening as was this open-
ing of the battle to the Indians, they continued
it until late in the afternoon. During the buttle
Captain Maxon's compaiiy followed a party of
retreating Indians so far that they found them-
selves surrounded, and in the sharp engagement
that followed eight of his men were disabled.
Before nightfall the Indians drew off the field.
The regiment camped upon it without water,
while the Indians, who had retired but a short
distance, built their fires on a circle of hills
aliout two miles in advance. The next day Col-
onel Gilliam moved forward, the Indians retir-
ing before him, and reached Waulitpu the third
day after the battle.

The main body of Indians fell back toward
Sjiake river. The volunteers followed, making
fruitless attempts to induce the surrender of the
murderers of Waulitpu. Colonel Gilliam re-
solved on a raid into the country north of the
river. On his way he surprised a camp of Cay-
uses near that stream, among whom were some
of the murderers. The crafty Indians deceived
the colonel with professions of friendship, and
pointed out some horses on the hills that they
said belonged to those he was anxious to kill or
capture, while the parties themselves were far
out of reach beyond Snake river. The column
started to return toward Walla Walla, but all
the wariors of the camp were soon mounted on
war horses and assailed the column on all sides,
forcing the volunteers to ttght their way as they
fell back. All day and into the night the run-

ning fight continued, and when Colonel Gilliam
reached Touchet river, he ordered the captured
horses turned loose. When the Indians regained
possession of them they returned again toward
Snake river, and the volunteers continued their
retrograde movement to the nussion.

Soon after reaching the mission station at
Waulitpu, Colonel Gilliam started to return to
the Dalles, designing also to visit Oregon ('ity
and report to the governor. While camped at
Will Springs, not far from the battle-ground of
Sand Hollow, he was killed by tlie accidental
discharge of a gun, and Lieutenant-Colonel
Waters was elected by the regiment to its com-
mand.

A board of commissioners had been sent by
the Legislature with the volunteers to negotiate
for the peaceful settlement of the difticnlties,
but all their attempts to bring the Indians to
terms failed. They demanded the surrender of
those who committed the murders at Waulitpu,
and that the Indians should pay all damages to
emigrants who had been robbed or attacked
while p;v ".lug through the country of the Cay-
uses. The Indians refused to do either. Tliey
wished only to be let alone, and the Americans
to call the account balanced. As the Ameri-
cans would not do this, the Cayuses abandoned
their country and crossed the Rocky mountains
to hunt for Buffalo. The volunteers could only
leave the country and return to the Willamette
valley. This practically ended the Cayuso war
so far as active operations in tiie field were con-
cerned. In a few months the Indians desired
to return, but they were made to understand
that peace could never exist between tlieni and
the Americans unless the murderers were given
up for punishment. Finally, they sent a deputa-
tion of five chiefs to Oregon City to have a
talk with Governor Lane, who had succeeded
Mr. Abernethy as chief executive. They
were thrown into prison, tried, condemned,
and executed on the 3d day of June, 1850.
Many doubted their guilt. The chiefs them-
selves declared their innocence of the mur-
ders. They declared that there were but ten

IIIHTORY OF OHKOON.

•jor,

IiiiiiaiiH concerned in the iniinlers, and aitirnicd
that they were bU dead already. It ucoins proh-
ablo tliat tlieir story was correct in tlie main,
and that the men wiio were executed were not
those who perpetrated the iiorrid deed. Such,
the writer knows to have been the judgment of
Mr. Spaulding, who was well acquainted with
tiiem all, and with the real perpetrators of the
murders. Such, too, is the statement made to
the writer a few years ago by Um-Ilowl-Ish, and

others of tlie Cayuees, who were friends of Dr.
Whitman and retained a very aifectionate ro-
mernljrance of liim as long as they lived.

Witli tills execution, however, the whiter in
the main were satisfied, as the Indians were
overawed by it and fears of further hostilities
were allayed. Still it may be considered a
case in which, at least, the comparatively inno-
cent suffered for the really guilty.

-^^m!^^'^

CHAPTER XXIV.

INDIAN WARS, CONTINUED.

Ctenekai. Disquiet — War Opened — Table Rock — Gknekai. Lane — Battle — Treaty — TiiK
Peace Talk — An Inoian Chief Killed— Pkack — All Still Restless — Chanoe of Scene —
BoisK RivKR Massacre — War of lR55-'5f) — Extknt of the Uprisino — Outbreak in
Illinois Valley — Attack on Indians at Table Rook — Results — Heroisji of Mrs.
Harris — Great Alarm— Number of Indians — Number of Forces — Prompt Action —
Governor Curry — Grand Creek— Battle — Fenlun op Ciiampoeq — Indians Retire.

fROM the close of the "Cayuse war,'' re-
sulting from the death of Dr. Whitman
and his associates, there was peace between
the Indians and the whites until the autumn of
1853, when war again broke out in southern
Oregon. This, like all the Indian wars of
Oregon, began suddenly by the perpetration of
several murders committed by members of sev-
eral bands of Indians, whose usual habitat was
on Rogue river, and in the raountains contiguous
to its valley. There is little evidence to show
that this war was premeditated by any consider-
able numi)er of Indians, but it appears rather to
have been precipitated by the wicked action.s of
a few. A small band of Indians was encamped
near the white settlements, and soon after the
murders were committed this band was attacked
by the whites, one Indian was killed and several
wounded, and the women and children taken to

a stockade, which liad been erected for the secur-
ity of the white families gathered in it, where
they were held as hostages. Soon the warriors
of this band surrendered, and were also kept
with tlieir families for the same purpose. In a
few days they rebelled, killed four of the men
and wounded three others, and made their es-
cape. This brought an open war. The people
of Rogue river valley collected at central j)oint8,
built forts and stockades, into wliich they
gathered. The Indians roamed through the
valley destroying the abandoned homes. Dis-
patches were sent to the commander of Fort
Jones, in northern California, and Captain
Alden responded with twenty soldiers, all that
could be spared from that post. The citizens
of Yreka, California, also organized two com-
panies of volunteers, under Captains Goodall and
Rhoads, who hastened to the relief of the Ore-

h„ ,!

308

nisrOHY OF OliROON.

iron SOttlei'B. Six (■iMII|iMlliu» Wt'l'l! niinuil ill

.-oiitlicrii Ori^goii, (Kniiiiiiiiitlecl liy Ciijitiiinn K
1,. WilliiiiMs, .1. K. LiiiiuM'ick. .Idliii F. iMillori
v.. A. Owuii mill W. W. FowltT. Tliesu t-om-
imiiit's, exccjitiii;,' that of Cajitiiiii Fowler, were
orjiiiiiizL'il into ii liiittiilioii, wliicli was eoiii-
luamlcil by Captain Alik-n. The liuttalioii liad
little of tlio 8('emiii^ of military display. I'ut it
was ii Imdy of stroiii; and sturdy jiioni'ers, cn-
imlilf of the most effective work in any field.

While this was tieinir done liy the whites, tlio
Indiiuis hud i-oUected (juite a large force and
taken up a strong position on Tnlde Rock,
which tiiev liad fortified with considerable
skill. I'ut even such a position was not suited
to tlio Indian mode of warfare, and it was soon
abandoned, and they retired into the niountain
gorges, better suited to their methods of war-
fare.

(icneral Lane, who bad been 8U])erseded as
governor of the Territory, was at his home on
Deer creek, in Douglas county, bearing of the
ditliculty, iininediately gathered about fifty
volunteers and joined the liattalion under (^i|)-
tain Alden, at Camp Stewart. IJis e.xperience
on the field during the Mexican war stood tlie
cause of the wbite.s in good stead now, and
Captain Alden recognized the fact by tendering
him tlie command of the battalion, which he
accepted.

.Meanwhile some collisions had occurred bo-
tweiMi detached parties of whites and Indians,
in most of wliicli the Indians had rather the
advantage. One of these was serious enough
to be called a battle. On the 10th of August
a party of twenty-two men from Captain Good-
all's company was sent out under Lieutenant
Ely to recoiiiioiter. The next day, wlien about
two miles south of Table Rock, the party
))icketed tlieir horses in a tlat and prepared
their dinner. Though sentries were stationed
they soon left their jiosts and joined their
comrades about the smoking viands. At this
moment there came a shower of bullets from a
fringe of willows near by tliat killed and
wounded ten of their number. Tliey ruslie<l

lo eo\er, and gaining a ^tr^llg position among
the fallen timlier and brii.-h succeeded in ke(>p-
ing tlie savages at bay. liefore the Indians
had conii)letely surrounded the party, tv,-o pri-
vates got away »nd hastened to camp Stewart,
seventeen miles away, and apj)rised Captain
(Joodall of the affair. At the head of his
coMiinand ho set out at once ami reached the
scene of the eotiHict in the shortest possible
time. On their arrival tlie Indians left, taking
away the horses, blankets ami sup{)lies of the
party. It was found that seven of the volun-
teers were killed outright, and three wounded.
During the night the main force under Captain
Alden came up, and the Indians retired a long
way into the mountains, setting firo to the for-
est behind them, and thus almost obliterating
their trail. The eoniniand returned to (!ainp
Stewart for supplies. At this juncture General
Lane arrived at headquarters aiul assumed com-
mand, as previously stated.

General Lane directed the companies of Lani-
crick and Miller to advance down Kvans creek
to the supposed vicinity of the eneuiy. The
regubir soldiers and the volunteer companies of
Goodall and Rhoades, all under Cajitain Alden,
were ordered to the battle-ground of Lieutenant
Fly. With this division was General Lano
himself. Scouts reported that the Indians inid
gone into the mountains west and north of
Evans creek. Into this dirticiilt an<l danserous
region the battalion followed them the following
day, August 23. On \\w morning of the 24rth
the enemy was found encamped in a thick forest
apparently impenetrable to horses. General
Lane attacked instantly. The very first intima-
tion tliat the savages had of the presence of the
troops was a volley of bullets. Surprised, yet
not stampeded, by (his rough salutation, the In-
dians snatched up their guns and returned the
tire with animation. The scjuaws and material
of their camp were sent at once out of harm's
way. The Indians fired with fatal precision.
Captain Alden was badly wounded early in the
tight and was saved from falling into the hands
of the Indians only by the determined bravery

IIISTOUY (IF (lUKditS.

•Ml

of Kuiiiu of Ills rc^nlai's. Ploamuit AriiiBtrong,
H proiniiiitnt aii<l iniiuli rcHpucted gontluiiiaii uf
Yum Ilill county, who lia<l voliiukM^reil with
(k'lii'ral l,aiie, was titriick l)y a hiillct in the
hrcastand fell exclaim iiij^, "A dead center shot!"
(TiMieral Lane received a severe Imllct wound
tlirotigli liirt right arm. Keckiessly continuing
to expose liiinrtolf he was drtii^ged hy his men
l)ehind a tree. I'Veling the loss of hlood he
was compelled to retire temporarily to have his
wound dressed. Finding that General Lane
was ill cumman<l of the whites the Indians hc-
<:;an callin^f^o him and to the soldiers professing
their willingness to treat for peace, (teneral
Lane, having returned to the front, he threw a
heavy coat over iiis siioulders to conceal tiie
fact that he was wounded from tiic Indians, and
himself and llohert Metciilf, Indian agent, went
into the Indians' camp and entered into neiroti-
ations with them. An armistice of seven days
was aj^ree 1 upon, at tiie close of which a final
peace talk was to lie held at Tahle li(jck for the
arrangement of the terms of a treaty of peace.
In this combat the Inilians" loss was twelv(>.
Of the whites I'leasant Armstroiiir and John

Scarhorough were killed and Captain Aldcn and
Ciuirles Abbe died of their wounds soon after
the buttle, (ioneral Lane never (|uite recovered
from his wonnd.

Alxiut the time the treaty was concluded re-
en I'orceini-nts bei^an to arrive from various quar-
ters. One from Vancouver was under the com-
man<l of Lieutenant Kant/, since General. Act-
ing (iovernor I'urry issued a proclamation for
an armed guard to accompany the lieutenant, and
forty-one men responded. They were commanded
i)y J. W. XcHinith, with L. F. (iroveras lieuten-
ant, both afterward United States senators. This
company was joined on the way by Matthew P.
Deady, since so eminent as a jurist. Joel
Palmer, superintendent of Indian affairs, and
Samuel If. (Culver, Indian agent, came later,
and on the 10th of September the " peace talk "
was held.

In this " peace talk " there were elements fo
wild and yet so groat, and personages then (md

subsequently so famous that it would bo unjust
to the readers of this history if we did not tran-
scribe the account of it given by one of the
foremost writei's of thtujoast, J udge Matthew I'.
Deady, himself a participant in the " talk."
He says:

" The scene of this famous 'peace talk' be-
tween Joseph Lane and Indian iJoseph, two men
who had so lattdy met in mortal combat, was
worthy of the pen of Sir Walter Scott and tlie
pencil of Salvator lioss. It was on a narrow
bench of a long, gently sloping hill lying over
against the iu)ted bluff called Table Rock. The
ground was thickly covered with majestic old
])ines ami ruggeil oaks, with here and there a
clump of green oak bushes. Ab(jut half a mile
abov e the bright mountain stream that threaded
the narrow valley below, sat the two chiefs in
council. Lane was in fatigue dress, the arm
winch was wounded at Huena Vista in a slintr
from a fresh Imllet received at I'.attle creek.
Indian Joseph, tall, grand and self-possessed,
wore a long black robe over his ordinary dress.
By his side sat Mary, his favorite child and
faithful companion, then a comparatively hand-
some young woman unstained witli the vices of
civilization. Among these sat on the grass
Captain A. J. Smith, now (teneral Smith, of
St. Louis, who had just arrived from Port Or-
ford with his company of the First Dragoons;
Captain Alvord, then engaged in the construc-
tion of a military road through the Umpcjua
canon and since paymaster of the United States
Army; Colonel liill Martin, of llmpqua. Colonel
John E. Ross, of Jacksonville, and a few others.
A short distance above us on the hillside were
some hundreds of dusky warriors in fighting
gear, reclining quietly on the ground. The day
was beautiful. To the cast of us rose abruptly
Table Rock and at its iiase stood Smith's dra-
goons waiting an.viously, with hand on horse,
the issue of this attempt to make peace without
their aid. After a proposition was discussed
and settled between the two chiefs the Indian
would rise up and communicate the matter to a
huge warrior who reclined at the foot of a tree

nisroiiY OF oiiKdox.

.iii

i ;

(|uito near n». Then tlie latter rott« np and
('(inirniiMicHtiMi thu niatti-r to the next alxivu
liitn ami tlicy U'lHliori-il it buck iiml forth with
inanv voit-ei*. Thi-n tin' warrior coiniiinnicati'd
lilt' tliKii^ht of the iiiiiltitii<lt> on thi>« «ui>ject
liacii to till' fhii'f, anil k<> the matter went on
until an iinderstaiiilin^ Wiio tinallv reachiMl.
Then we rieiiarated, the Indian>i {joing hack to
tlit'ii- iMonntain rctrfat. anil tin- whiten to the
camp."

During tlic progress of this "talk," thns
t;ra|ilii('iillvile:-iTil)e<l l>y -nnlge Deady.an Indian
runniT arrivt'd at the eonncil liringini» the iii-
ti'liigonce of tlio nuirder i)t' a young Indian
chief, called ".Mm Taylor,'" that morninj;on Ap-
plei^ate creek, where a company of whiten had
tied him to a tree and lihotiiini to death. This
greatly excittd the Indians, and it hcemed for a
time that they would attack the party of
tienernl Lane, hut I^ne addpessed them with
great skill, assuring them tiiat the killing; of
Taylor was not approved by the soldiers, and
tiiudly the trouble alx>ut his death was placated
by an agreement to pay damages therefor in
shirts ami blankets.

This closed the war so far as the jMJtliorities
were concerned, and the volunteer-' f.t iir ■! dis-
l)anded and returned to their homes. I'ut many
of the people of that region refiiwA to be at
peace with the Indians. Many iiulrages were
committed upon them. The same writer qiioteil
above, Hon. M. P. Deady, gives a circumstan-
tial account of the treacherous murder of a
small p:irty of IndiaiLS who had not evon par-
ticipated in the hostilities at the "Bates House"
at (irand ("reek, who, while pirtakiiig of the
pretended hospitality of Bates and others in
celebration of the treaty of peace were deliber-
ately shot down by their treacherous hosts.

Though "peace" was declared, both Indians
and whites were restless. There was as much
individual danger on l)oth sides as before. Of
course this condition of things grew worse and
worse, many Indians and nnany whites becom
ing victims of " revenge," and it finally resulted
in a long and bloody war two years later.

While it iloes not enter within tlie »cop of
this work to trace the history of the Indian
wars beyond the boundaries of fh»! Territory
and State of Oregon, it is necessary, to preserve
the continuity of our narrativt', to rejer to the
fact that the lu'lians of Washington Territory,
and those residing in what is now the State of
Mahu, fully shared thi? unrest of those of Ore-
gon. These tribes were more numerous, and
their loaders more celebrated than those of Ore-
gon. In 1854 the Snake river Indians com-
mitted many atrocnons murders, attacking
mainly the emigrant trains moving through
their country, and military expeditions were
sent out for their chastisenjcnt. What is known
as till* "Ward Massacre" created the greatest
excitement and indignation all over the coast,
in which Oregon fully shared. This occurred
near the |)resent town i>f ("aldwell, Idaho. A
train consisting of Mr. Alexander Ward and
wife, with a fsimily of ten children, Mrs. Will-
iam White, Or. (Charles Adams, Samuel Mulli-
gan. William Babcock and a German whose
name is unknown, was attacked by the Snake
Indians, and, with atrocities that woulil chill
the heart to record, all but Armour Ward, a
lM)y of thirtetMi, who was wounded, but hid in the
brush and thus escaped, were murdered. An
expedition under Major llaller of the United
States Army the next summer undertook to
punish the Inilians, but with the exception of
killing four of the Winnass Imliana, a part of
the band that committed the crime, who came
into Major llaller's camp to "talk," and putting
his soldiers in camp on Big Camas Prairie, on
the u|>|ier ^lalade river, for the protection of the
incoming etnigration, nothing was done. The
command of Major Ilallcr returned to the Dalles
after the emigration had all passed through the
country.

The smaller and more local conflicts that we
have recorded, and which resulted in as great
loss of life and a much greater loss in property
by the whites than by the Indians, instead of
serving to quiet the Indian tribes rather served
to excite and exasperate them. Their story was

UlsrOHY OF OKKUVN-

■OM

re('ite<l in every Indian oatnp and aronnd every
coiuic.il tire, witli uv»(ry ii|)|H!ri(lHj(o ot Indian
t'xagffenitioii and fear. Tiioir •• dreainerrt " and
nitMliuiiiu men wruiiglit their wild and weird in-
cantationH at inidni^iit. Old eiiniities and
wronj^B were told over again, niitii the Hpirit of
war wuB atlanie in the hearts of the Indians
from British Columbia to Calit'ornia and from
the monntainb fo the sea. Indian emissaries
came and went on every inonntain trail,- -silent,
gloomy, specter-like. The sunrise of trouhle
liroodod over the cabins of the far frontier aM<l
sinidowe<l the homes of the Willamette valley.
Evidently the animosities that a score of years
of contact with all classes of whites had engen-
dered in the hearts of the Indians had inilaincd
their suspicions and revengeful natures until it
needed but the controling mind and directing
hand of s(>ine master man to let loose a storm of
war that would sweep the frontier, if not, indeed,
the larger settlements, with the besom of de-
struction. This, however, the Indians lacked,
and hence they were not able to use the power
they undoul)tedly had most effectively for their
designs. Still they did use that power so that
all around the circle of settlements, which ex-
tended little less than 1,000 miles, east, north,
west and south, war broke out simultaneously,
if not, indeed, concietedly, in the autumn of
1855, in southern Oregon, in eastern Oregon
and Washington, and along the shores of I'uget
sound. It will be our duty Krst to describe the
conflict in southern Oregon.

Our readers have seen that while there was
nominal " peace " in this region, there was still
such a condition of enmity between the whites
and the Indians that open hostilities were sure
to follow. It is hardly necessary to recount the
series of ln<lian murders committed, or the acts
of revenge upon them perpetrated by the whites,
during the period between the " peace talk " be-
tween General Lane and Chief Joseph already
recx)rded, and the overt acts of hostility on the
part of the Indians that opened the war of
1855-'56. These occurred with the nsnal inci-
dents of Indian heartlessnese and atrocity.

On the 8th of May a party of what was
known as " Illinois Indians," from residing in
Illinois valli-y, crossed the mountains t'l Klamath
river, where they robbed several caliins and
killed several men, and retreated to the head of
Slate creek. Soon after on Deercreek and on .\p-
plegate creek, several other men were murdered.
This party of linlians was pursued, captured,
taken to Fort Lane and placed under close guard.
About the sauie time trouble arose in California,
not far from the Oregon line, in which eleven
miners were killed, which was "revenged" by
the indiscriminate killing of a large numl)er of
the Indians of that region who had nothing to
do with the killing of the whites. These had
tied to Fort Lane, and were pursued l)y several
companies of volunteers, who made a demand
on ('aptain Smith in command to d(diver up the
fugitives. This he declined to do. and the vol-
unteers returned to ('alifornia.

IJut the event which piecipitatou, ami really
gave character to, the war in southern Oregon,
was an attack upon a small camp or band of In-
dians on the north side of llogue river, a few
miles above Table liock, by a party of about
forty men, led by Major Lupton and Captain
Hays. Lupton was a representative elect to the
Territorial Legislature, rash and headstrong,
and of no experience in Indian fighting. There
appears to have been no particular crime that
this band of Indians had been guilty of — ex-
cept the crime of being Indians — that called for
attack at this time. Lupton and his men ar-
rived near the camp in the evening, and con-
cealed themselves until daylight, when the at-
tack was made. A volley was tired into the
crowded camp, and this was followed up by a
close encounter with pistols and knives, and
the Indians slaughtered or driven away without
being able to offer much resistance. Decrepit
old men, squaws and children met the same com-
mon fate of the able-bodied men. How many
Indians were killed is not known, but the cir-
cumstances of the attack and butchery were
such that the Indians and even the most of the
white population saw no justification for il^

210

ItlSTORY i>h' OliEGON.

\ii (

Tiiipton was mortally woiiikIcmI liy im arrow
which eiitereil his luni£H.

The results of this affair were dire and far
rcacliiii<r. The storm of barbaric; veii";eaiice
gathered tiuickly and darkly, and burst in fire
and blood over southern Orei^on. Only two
days affoi'thif^ocpurrencethe more warlike of the
Indian bands gathered at Table Rock, and with
their families, arms and other j)roperty, started
down the river determined on war. Their path
was crimsoned with blood, and lighted by the
fires of burning habitations. They did not wait
to meet iirnu'd foes, but whoever they met felt
the terribleness of Indian ven<renace. As they
moved forwan. they were re-enforced by other
bands. Added Jtrongth broiiijlii added boldness.
At aljout '.';0() a. m., October 9th, the savages
approftcheil the house of Mr. Harris, when oc-
curred one of t lose luM'oic acts which, in every
part of America, have tlashed into the blackness
of barbaric wari'are as a jiroof that the male sex
has no monopoly of bravery and coolness in
times of deadliest peril. Mr. Harris' family
(consisted of his wife and two children: Mary,
ajjed twelve anil David aged ten years, while
with them resided a ^[r. Reed. Reed was some
distance from the house and was killed there.
j\[r. Harris was surprised by the Indians, and
was shot in the breast just as he reached the
door. Mrs. Harris closed and barred the door,
brought down the firearms which the house
coiitaini'd. consisting of a rifle, a double-barrel
shotgiin. a six shooting revolver and a single-
barrelled pistdl. and commenced firing at the
Indians to keep them at ba}' and prevent the
liurningof the liou>e. A shot from the Indians
had wounded the little daughter who climbed
to the attic for greater security. Mr. Harris
dii'il in about an Imur after he was shot. During
all this liiiic Mrs. Harris, this heroic woman,
kept the Indian> at bay, firing through the
crevices between the logs of the dwelling, r.nd
attended to b'le wants of lier dying husbanil.
The Indians dared not approach near enough to
set fire to th(! dwelling, although they burned
the outbuildinir-. i.ater in the afternooTi, dis

comfited by the bravery of this noble heroine of
Rogue river, the Indians drew off. She had
saved her own and her daughter's life. David,
the son, was without doubt taken into the woods
and slain by the Indians, as he was never heard
of afterward. Never was a braver deed done
by woman, which is the same as saying none was
ever done. After the savages had departed
i the heroine, with her daughter, left the house,
! and found refuge in a thicket of willows ^lear
the road and remained there all night. Indians
passed and repassed but did not discover them.
Tlie next day they were discovered by a com-
pany of volunteers from Jacksonville, who had
come out as soon as intelligence of the massacre
had reached that place, .'hI removed them to the
town. With two or three exception'^ every house
along the Indian's route had been roblietl and
burned.

It is hard 'o picture the state of alarm that
followed the news of this massai're not only in
the Rogue river valley hut all over Oregon.
People withdrew from their ordinary occupa-
tions and went ii>to camps and forts and stock-
ades. Klines were abandoned. Fields and farms
were left unwatched, all through so\ithern Ore-
gon. Nor was the alarm confined to that re-
gion. As far north as Salem aiul Oregon City
and Portland, and especially along the foothills
of the mountains east and west of the Willam-
ette valley, guards and sentinels patroled the
trails of both town and country. The contagion
of fear raged everywhere, and not without cause,
for no one knew the extent of the hostile com-
bination, nor when nor where the next blow
might fall.

At this time there were several thousand In-
dians in southern Oregon; descendants of a
fierce and bloodthirsty race, full of tliat spirit of
war and murder which had made the name of
the Klamatlis and Moilocs and Umpquas a syn-
onym of all that is cruel and treacherous in
war. How many of them were in the hostile
coml)ination no one knew. They were all well
I supplied with arms and ammunition, lu ttcr. In-
I deed, than their whit(> neighbors, ilisioiy now

;V^

IIIstOIlY OF OUEGON.

•i\\

records that to the fact that they did nut all
eotii hi lie, the people of southern Oregon owes
the fact that tiie eetlleinents of that region were
not annihilated. I5iit enough did so to tax the
strongest efforts of Government and people to
withstand them.

The forces of the regular army stationed
within reach of these disturhances were few, nor
were they well adapted to the exigencies of tiie
service demanded of them. Tiie young farmers,
meciianios, miners and traders of the vicinity
could better cope with Indian tactics. These
entered the volunteer service with the greatest
alacrity. By the 12tli of October a regiiiu'ntof
nine coiiii)anie8 called the Ninth Regiment of
Oregon militia was organized under the com-
mand of Colonel John E. liosa. liy the first of
Noveiriber it was increased to fifteen companies,
aggregating 750 men. Such prompt and vigor-
ous action overawed the Indians, and had the ef-
fect of keeping other bauds from joining the
hoBtiles. and of restoring calmness and couti-
deiice to the whites. It also changed the char-
acter of the conflict from one of the massacre
of women and children and defenseless and un-
suspecting men to one of war, of armed forces.

Parenthetically it is proper to say here that,
simultaneously with this outbreak in southern
Oregon, another even more extensive and for-
midable occurred on the northern frontier among
the most warlike and dangerous tribes of the
coast. TJiis will be treated of subsequently, so
far as it affected Oregon history, and is spoken
of now to indicate how inuch more ditlicult it
was for the forces of the feeble Territory to
meet the exigencies of the southern field than it
would have been had these tribes been alone in
the conflict. With this remark we continue
our Btory of the war in the south.

When this great Indian outbreak occurred
George \.. Oiirry w.is governor of the Territory,
and Corvallis was the temporary seat of govern-
ment, (lovernor Curry, who had just issued
his proclamation for troops to tight the Indians
in the north, immediately issued one for volun-
teei's to quell the disturbances in the sunth. lie

called fur two battalions and one from Douglas,
Linn and I'mpqua counties to rendezvous at
Roseburg, to be called the Northern battalion,
and otie from Jackson county to be culled the
Southern battalion, and rendezvous at Jackson-
ville. Hisproniptand patriotic action was highly
commended by the people of the State.

The Indians retired to the neighi)orliood of
Grand creek, Coos creek and Galice creek, on all
of which wer'; important settlements. The head-
quarters of the volunteers were on (ialice crock.
On the morning of the 17th of (Jctober several
of the united bauds made an attack upon them.
They had surrouniled the defenses of the volun-
teers and made their attack from all directions.
Several of the volunteers were killed or mortally
wounded, and the men were all driven from the
ditch and took refni;e in the houses near at hand.
The Indians under the lead of (!hief (ieorge,
who was particularly daring in his eiTcrts,
attempted to burn the houses in which the
whites iiad taken refuge. At nightfall tlit*
Indiana retired. During the night tiie whites
Btrengthened thoir defenses, so that when the
IndiaiiL a|)peared in the morning, seeing that
the volunteers were ready to receive them, they
retreated and were not seen again on Galice
creek.

After their retirement from Galice creek the
whereabouts of the Indians was for some days
unknown. ]?y a fortunate circumstance, how-
ever, they were discovered by Lieutenant A. V.
KhiUz, now general of the regular army, set out
from Port Orford with a guard of tcMi soldiers to
explore the country lying between that place
and Fort Lane. In doing this he came upon a
large body of Indians, who fired upon his jiarty,
killing one man. As soon as arrangements
could be made Colonel Ross of the volunteers,
with 290 men and Captain Smith of the regular
army, with eighty-five men, combined their
forces, and iiioved on October 30th against the
Indian camp. They attonipted a surpise but
failed. The battle began about sunrise and con-
tinued all day. Hravery and determination were
displiiyed by b.)tli regiilai's and volunteers, but

S13

HISTORY OF OHEOON.

-M

tlie Iiidiann were as brave as they, and much
better armed, and successfully resisted every aa-
sault. About sunset the whites retired from the
field and encamped for the night at " Bloody
Spring," some distance from the gronud of the
battle. The next morning the Indians came
down and attacked the camp in force, but after
a time were driven off. No further movements
8ji;ainst the Indians were made here, but the
troops were removed from tlie vicinity, having
sustained a loss of thirty-one, nine killed and
twenty-two wounded, one of whom died a few
days later. This battle was a defeat for the
whites.

The failure of this campaign caused, or was
followed, by a complete organization of the vol-
unteer forces. John K. Lamerick was made
acting adjutant-general for the Southern bat-
talion ; and James Bruce major of the Northern
battalion: William J. Martin was elected
major. His force consisted of 550 men.
Jll. M. McCarver, who had been appointed
commissary-general established his headquar-
ters at lioseburg. As the inclement season had
now come on, little more could be done than to
station detachments of the troops in such posi-
tions as to protect the settlements from the for-
ays of the Indians. Cow creek valley, Camas
valley, the Canon, North ITinpqua and Scotts-
burg were occupied by detachments from the
Northern battalion; and Evan's Ferry, Bow-

den's, Grace creek .ind other points by the
Southern.

Finding that the whites had so disposed of
their forces as to effectually head off their in-
cursions, the Iudi';n8 returned down Rogue river,
and took mfnge in a region of 8it?D mountains,
deep gorges and dense forests. Tho different
commands prepared to foil w fi'.-n: tluMigh
from 'be fact that there wa ;.■> ' •• . :t ■ !er-in-
chief, their co-operation was .i' jr.>iii perfect.
Aboui the twenty-second Oi Nov-eraler they
found the Indians in strong force in the woods
bordering the river below the mouth of Whisky
creek. Though an attack was madt, yit such
was the want of discipline among the volunteers
that the Indians easily repulsed them. While
these events were occurring with that portion of
the forces in the intinediate front of the
position of the Indians, the commands of Martin
and Juday lay on a hill several miles distant
and employed their time in firing a mountain
howitzer in the direction of the Indiana. Then
the command marched back to the camps they
had left some days before, and thus ended t)'
campaign.

It was now Decern l>er, and with thee.xc-t' io •
of one or two trilling skirmishes, and a descwi!
or two of parties of Indians on outlying settl"
ments, where they burned some hf>'.„e8 and
stole some stock, there was no campaigning
again until spring.

'^ms^'m^ —

HISTOBY OF OBEGON.

218

CHAPTER XXV.

■ : INDIAN WARS, CONTINUED. . ^

From 1861 to 1865 — Charaotkr of the War — Inpluknce of the War of Rebkli.ion on
It — Attempt to Enlist a Cavalry Keoiment — Failed — T. li. Cornelius Commis-
BioNEi) — Ordered to Protect Emigrants — Theater of the War — J. B. Scott Mur-
dered — " Biofoot" — Misunderstandings — Colonbl Crook — He Takes the Field — Bat-
tle ON Owyhee — The Snake Indians — The Reservation System — Crook's Move South-
ward — Final Submission of the Indians.

SROM 1861 to 1865, during the entire sea-
son of the war of the Rebellion, most
of the Indians of eastern and south-
eastern Oregon were waging continual warfare
against the few whites, miners and stockmen
who were settled in that region, as well as way-
laying the emigrants that were entering t)regon
by the valley of Snake river. It was largely a
preparatory and fugitive warfare, pursued by
small bauds, and yet was very destructive of
life throughout all the region south of the'
Columbia river from near the Cascade mount-
ains eastward as far as the American falls on
Snake river, and from the Columbia to the
Nevada line on the south. Its fugitive and
scattering character precludes any very circum-
stantial account of it, yet for incidents of
atrocious cruelty on the part of the Indians,
and of patient and wearying marches and brave
endurance on the part of the troops and volun-
teers called to suppress it, it was really one of
the most remarkable of all our Indian wars.

The Indians were well advised of the great
war that was going on in the East, and they
seemed to feel that the favorable time had come
for them to inflict injury on the whites about
them out of revenge for supposed or real
wrongs, and as a surety of future good treat-
ment. It appeared clear, too, that it was the
inspiration of the spirit of rebellion and seces-
ion, that was by no means wanting or idle in

Oregon, that prompted them to this course.
The reason for this belief was clear.

Oregon, with the other States, had been called
upon for troops to aid in suppressing the Rebel-
lion. If they could be detained at home, and
engaged in campaigns against the Indians, so
much would be withdrawn from the forces
available in the East for putting down the Re-
bellion. Whether this belief was well founded
or not it is difficult to determine, but at all events
it prevailed quite extensively among the loyal
people of Oregon, and certainly these Indian
hostilities had this effect.

To meet the danger which threatened some
attempt was made to enlist a cavalry company
in the spring of 1861, under a requisition made
by Colonel George Wright, at that time in
charge of the Department of the Columbia, upon
Governor Whiteaker, but it was not successful.
The loyal people of the State, believing the
governor to be in sympathy with the Rebellion,
would not enlist, and the attempt was aban-
doned. This effort to raise men through the
State officers having failed, the war department
issued a colonel's commission to Thomas R.
Cornelius, and directed him to raise ten com-
panies of cavalry for the service of the United
States for three years, as a part of the 500,000
men whose enlistment had been authorized by
the last Congress. Six companies were soon
enlisted, and the regiment was organized, with

5'''

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i

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mSTORY OF OURanN.

the full expectation that it woulil he ordered
east for actual service in the field. This, how-
ever, proving not to he the ease, Colonel Cor-
neliufi resigned, and Lieutenant Colonel ^^anny,
with three con\panies, was ordered out upon
the emigrant . \\) o protect tiie emigrants
from the Indian . that were annoying

and waylaying theih .us these Oregon vol-

unteers entered on the uiost ditticult, tiresome,
and thankless service upon which a soldier ever
entered, on the wild and yet almost unknown
plains of southeastern Oregon. The liistory of
the first regiment of Oregon volunteers was
therefore written in these sandy wastes, where
it is Impossible to gather them U|) au<l preaent
them to the reader without the use of a volume.
A lew incidents must suiiice as giving a repre-
sentation of the character of this Indian war,
which extended over a period of ahout seven
years, and over a range of country as large us
the State of New York.

There was little of the circumstance of real
war. — force against force, army against army.
It was rather a continued hunt through the
forests, and canons and rocks for the Indians
on the part of the whites, and of waylay and
murder of whites on the part of the Iiulians.
In Oregon the most tragic scenes were in lia-
ker. Grant and Wasco counties. They He
among the rough, rocky and timbered spires of
the niue mountains, on the great treeless, but
rent and riven plains of Snake river, in the high
and rugged hills that sweep 200 miles south of
the (/olumbia. All was a fit theater for the
stealthy and treaclu'rous and murderous war-
fare of such tribes as the Snakes and the Mo-
docs. Their most destructive raids wt-re in and
near the Owyhee river, just along the eastern
line of Oregon, on I'urnt river, and near it, not
far south of Maker City, and on the Canon
City road between the Dalles ami that place, a
distance of nearly 200 miles. Often a time of
quiet, with the Indians all out of sight, would
occur, and the people would begin to feel safe
and go about their vocations in the fields, on
the roads, or in the mines. But an Indian is

never su dangerous as when one cannot see him.
Just at such hours his sinewed bow may speed
his fli!ited arrow to an unsuspecting heart, or
his surer rifle send the scorching bullet through
the brain. This is his idea of war, of bravery.
To illustrate: On September 28, 1807, Mr. J.
B. Scott, with his wife and children, was driving
quietly along the road from the little mining
camp of Kye valley to his home on Burnt river,
in Baker county. There had been no Indian
alarms for some time. Suddenly rifles rang
out from rooks near the road, and Mr. Scott fell
dead in his wagon, with two balls through his
body. His wife, though herself severely
wounded, seized the reins, and urging the horses
to a run, escaped with her children and her
husband's body to her home, herself dying the
next day from the effects of her wounds.

Among the Indian murderers of Mr. and Mrs.
Scott was an Indian chief of the Snake tribe,
known among his own people as Oulux, and
among the whites as " Big Foot!" lie was a
giant, nearly seven feet in height, with a foot
over fourteen inches in length. Ills enormous
track always betrayed his presence, as it did in
this instance. He was the leader in most of
the raiils of 1866 and 1867. His marvelous
strength and activity gave him great influence
over the Indians and made him the terror of
the whites. To-day he would be on the Owy-
hee robbing a stage and murdering its passen-
gers, to-morrow fifty miles away murdering a
family in some secluded valley, or waylaying a
pack train on some mountain trail. lie always
traveled on foot, and few were the horses that
could make more miles in a day than he. He
was finally killed, some writers say by an assas-
sin, but really by a slight and quiet white man,
who had deliberately taken the trail to hunt him
alone, the only way in which it seemed possible
to rid the world of such an inhuman monster.
When he was killed he was in the very act of
assailing a stage, loaded with men and women,
on Reynold's creek, on the road between Silver
('ity and I'oise City in Idaho.

Unfortunately for the peace and security of

• •-'iR~"r'mTyi

Ht STORY OF OREGON.

the people on tliis eastern frontier of ()refi;on,
(litfieiilty anil niisnnilerstanding arose between
General Ilalleck, who then had coitimandof the
Department of the Pacific, and Governor Woods,
then at the head of the State Government, in
reference to the employment of friendly Indians
as sconta against the hostiles. The Governor
desired to organize two comiianies, Imt General
llalleek refused his perniission. Tiie Governor
then appealed to the war department, an<l Ilal-
leck was instructed to facilitate his purposes.
Two companies of Warm Spring Indians were
then organized, and Dr. W. C. McKay and
a Mr. iviiapp were appointed captains. They
were hoth well acquainted with the Indians
and their language, and weree.xceptionally fitted
for the place to wliicli they were appointed.
Tiiese companies gave most excellent service in
the campaigns which followed, and until the
hostile hands were glad to sue for peace. We
shall see them further on in our narrative.

.Inst at this crisis a change in the command-
ers of l?oise district took place, which gave great
satisfaction to all the pcoj)le of the Northwest.
This district included that part of eastern Ore-
gon where hostilities prevailed to the most
alarming extent. Colonel George Crook, of
the Twenty-third Infantry, took command of
the district. Colonel Crook was not a man of
many words, but was quiet and unassuming in
demeanor, hut full of determination, and had
already won great distinction in the peculiar
warfare of the Indian frontiers. No selection
more satisfactory to the region exposed and
often raided could have been made, and the
event justified the expectations of the people.

It did not seem a great army — forty soldiers
and less than a score of Warm Springs Indian
scouts — but it will be remembered there were
no Antictain's or Gettysbnrgs to be lought on
these wild plains, — only the pursuit and defeat
of come bands of predatory Indians lacking the
discipline of Lee's veteran soldiers, but yet a
greater terror to the homes of this region than
were the former to fanners of Pennsylvania.
He liegan his canipaign about the middle of

December. He soon found a band of eighty
Indians on the Owyhee ready for battle, and
immediately attacked them. After a fight of
several honrs the Indians retreated, leaving
about twenty five killed, and some women and
thirty horses on his hands. Crook lost one man,
Sergeant O'Toole, who, after passing tfirough
the fire of twenty battles in the war of the He-
bellion, laid down his life on the sands of the
Owyhee. In January two more battles were
fought on the Owyhee, and tlien Crook pro-
ceeded toward Malheur lake, not far from
whieh Panina, a noted Snake eliief, had forti-
fied himself and his trains on a rongli mountain,
and in the vicinity of which the Warm Springs
scouts under Captain McKay had beeti operat-
ing. The entire spring and sntnmer were passed
in this scouting and marching in search of small
parties of the Snakes, who yet managed often to
elude the vigilance of Crook and even the keen
eyes of his Indian allies, and wjmmit many
depredations and murders. In July the whites
discovered a large band of Indians concealed in
a canon in the mountains. Crook sent the
Warm Springs Indians to attack them. These
two tribes were ancient and hereditary enemies,
and the Warm Springs were b'lt too anxious
to avenge them themselves on tiieir hated foes.
A short time later another Indian camp was
surrounded and nearly exterminated by the
same party.

The Snake Indians liad always Itecn con-
sidered the lowest and most degraded of the
tnonntain tribes, and indeed they were so. They
lacked all noble qualities, were treacherous,
sly, murderous and brutal beyond conception.
Occupying a country that, in its natural condi-
tion, was one of the poorest on tlie continent,
they could only scavenger a half-starving sub-
sistence out of it. But witli tlie introduction
of firearms, however, there wa« an obvious
change with them, at least so far tu their power
to do harm was concerned. They managed to
secuu an abundant supply of rifles and ammu-
nition, and many became adepts in their use.
With their slyness and cunning, tlierefo're. they

wmmm

218

UISTOHY OF OREGON.

ii: ;il

were not now a foe to be despised. The oppor-
tunity to acquire arms and ammunition came
to them very largely through the system
adopted by the Government of settling them on
reservations and paying them annuities. The
Indian is tlie same in nature and in purpose
after he goes on a reservation as before, and he
is sure to use all he can that the Government
lias paid him in annuities according to his own
views of what an Indian life should be. That
is not, by any means, a white man's idea. He
wants a rifle, then freedom to go and come at his
will, to do as he pleases, and hates the restraints
of rule and the touch of civilization. While in-
dividual exceptions to this statement could be
easily made — and by none easier than by the
writer — this is the rule. Hence it is clear to
most who have studied the Indian question
from the standpoint of years of personal con-
tact with them, that t.ie Indian service of the
Government, as organized and administered on
the Western coast, has multiplied and per-
petrated Indian wars much beyond what they
would have been had the Indian been left, like
the white man, simply responsible to the law
of right, without the attempted paternal care of
the Government. And this writer is not sure
but that there would have been a better and more
numerous remnant of these tribes to-day had
this been the case than there is under the course
adopted toward them. But this is a paren-
thesis aside, and the question thus suggested
cannot be hero pursued. It was through their
association with the Indians upon the reserva-
tions, and even their own residence upon them,
that the Snakes had been able to procure the
arms and ammunition that made them so
formidable to the eastern frontiers of Oregon
at this time.

The months of the autumn were occupied by
the forces of Crook in ranging the broken re-
gions of southeastern Oregon, extending from
the Malheur to the Des Chutes, and southward
to Pitt river, into the great lava beds so wonder-
fully adapted to defense and so difficult for
aggressive warfare. Hero the Indians were en-

abled to " put up " in the rocks, and when at-
tacked inflict severe punishment on their assail-
ants, and then steal away throngii clefts and
cafions or some other stronghold, in readiness
for a repetition of the same tactics. The caverns
and fissures of the rock rendered futile any
effort id drive them out by fire or powder. After
many efforts to do so. Crook could do nothing
but to retire to Camp Warren.

While the campaign was not marked by any
special victory over the Indians, yet its result
was disastrous to them. Most of the lighting
chiefs had been killed, and the body of Snake
warriors was rapidly wasting away. Still there
seemed little prospect of peace while any of
them were left. But in May the troops from
Camp Harney surprised an encampment of ten
lodges on the Malheur, capturing a number of
the warriors, among whom was a sub-chief, called
Egan, who professed a desire for peace and
offered to send couriers to bring in his war-
riors and also the head chief Weawewa, who
he declared was also tired of war. Accord-
ingly the chiefs were assembled at Camp
Harney, and on the 30tli of June a council was
held. Crook was plain and explicit with them,
and told them he intended to continue his pur-
suit of them until they were all killed unless
they laid down their arms. They sued earnestly
for peace. He simply told them that he
recognized Weawewa as their chief, and that
they might establish their headquarters on the
Malheur, and as long as they l)ehaved themselves
peaceably they would not bo molested. They
eagerly accepted this proposition, and delivered
up the property of their victims still in their
possession.

There still remained a few bands which had
not entered into this treaty with Crook, which
included only the Malheur and Warren lakeSho-
shones only. But with this submission of Wea-
wewa and his followers, comparative security
came to the region of country then included in
Baker, Grant and Wasco counties. Later, even
as late as 1878, some i ' those same Indians
went on a wild and murderous raid as far west

6 !

UISTOHY OF OREOON.

SB tlie Umutilla river, waylaying and killing
some frei^iiters and travelers, and creating great
alarm over hundreds of miles of country, but
the countrv by '''is time had become so settled,

and the Inilians so few, that they were soon
overcome. Since that time there has been little
Indian trouble in Oregon.

CHAPTER XXVI.

INDIAN WARS, CONTINUED.

Monoc Wak — The Moikios — Captain Jack's Band — Ben Wuioiit — Tre.\ty with •vuh. Modocs —
Go ON Kksp;i{vation — Council — Government Acts Slowly— Indian Si'I-esintendents —
Movement under Captain Jackson — Scarf ace Charley — Caitain Jack's People Keiire
TO THE Lava Beds— Gathering of Soldiers — Scare in the Modoc Camp — Battle — The
Soldiers Defeated — ^Peack Commission Appointed — Communications Opened — Conferences
with THE MoDocs — MoDocs Propose to Surrender— No Surrender Made — Arrangements
FOR A Meeting at the Council Tent — ^Negotiations Lingered — Oai-tain Jack's Si-eech —
Another Scene in the Modoc Camp — Engagement of Co.mmission to Meet the Indians
at Peace Tent — Stormy Council — Commissioners Assassinated — General Canby and Db.
Thomas — Army Moves Forward — War Continued — Donald McK.^Y and Warm Springs
Indians — Modocs out of Lava Beds — Modocs Surrendered — Captain Jack and three
Others Hung.

[HE most thrilling and tragic chapter in
the history of the Indian wars of Oregon
is that which covers what is called the
Modoc war.

The Modocs are the remnants of one of the
most powerful and warlike tribes that ever in-
habited the Pacific coast. They were known as
the La-la-cas. They inhabited the country
drained by Klamath river and lakes, in the
sontheastern portion of Oregon, and all the
country between that and tiie coast, and extend-
ing soutliward into California. Their traditions
tell of great battles with other tribes, as well as
of rebellions among their own people, until
finally the once powerful tribe was broken into
fragments and clans, all of which however re-
tained the warlike spirit of thtir ancestors.
More tlian among most Indian tribes the office
of chief among them was hereditary, and it

remained so after their division into smaller
clans. In the Modoc branch the Indian known
as " Captain Jack " was the hereditary chief at
the time our story of the Modoc war commences.
The band of which " Captain Jack," or Ki-
en-te-poos, which was his Indian name, was
chief, was called the " Lost River Modocs," be-
cause their residence wa? on Lost river. Here
Captain Jack was born, his father and mother
being both pure Indians, and of royal blood.
In the days of the early immigrations into
Oregon, fror 1846 downward, frequent diffi-
culties arosi between the Modocs and the immi-
grants who passed through their country on
what was known as the southern route, and
many of each party were killed, and much bit-
ter blood was engendered. Tliese finally cul-
minated in a horrible massacre of an emigrant
train of sixty-live men, women and children, at

018

msTOKY Oh- ORRGOS.

what U known us •• IJIooily i'oint" ut the 8j)ur
of Tnli' lake, in Si'iitcnihor, 1852, atteiided with
sneli acts of atrocity as ai'u sulrloin recorded in
the annals of even liarliarian warfiire. One
man escaped, and tivo yoniig girls were taken
prisoners. Tills ticiiilisli act was avenged l)y a
coinpanv of wiiitcs under the coninianil of
" IJen Wright," a citizen of Yreka, California,
a man of consideralile intliienco in that region,
wlio led a company of volunteers into the Mo-
doe country for this declari'(l purpose. Tiie
manner of his execution of this purpose lias
uwidioncd much criticism, and found many to
lilame and also many to defend it; some con-
sidering it to iiave heen an entirely unprovoked
and treacherous massacre of Indians, who had no
]prtrt in or sym])athy with the l>utchery of the
immigrauts. and others wlio con.->idered all the
trilie guilty of either active participation in, or
warm sympathy in that bloody deed, fully jus-
tifying his action. Which are nearest cor-
rect it is very difficult to determine, and for our
purpose tiio record of the facts is all tiuit is re-
(juired.

These conflicts left a feeliny: of stronir hos-
tility between the Modocs and the whites, sure
at some time, to result in a general war between
them. Hut for a number of years their ani-
nnjsities found expression in occasional and
limited outbreaks, not involving more tluiu a
few individuals, but in which many lives were
lost on both sides. This state ot things con-
tinued until the number of white settlers in and
about the Modoc country made it necessary for
their interests and safety, that the Indians should,
in accordance with' the policy of the I'nited
States Government, be removed from the lands
they called their own, and put upon a " reserva-
tion."' To effect this purpose a council was
held with the Moiloc and Klatnath chiefs in the
autumn of 1804, in which the chiefs, inclmling
Captain Jack, agreed to go with their people
into the Klamath reservation, and ceded all the
rest of their conntry to the [Jnited States under
the tisnal ciinditious of such treaties. This it
was believed, had composed the long standing

ditiieulties between the Indians and the whites;
but Captain .lack and his peojde soon became
dissatisfied and refused to abide by the treaty
he ha<l made. Several successive .superintend-
eiitsof Indian Affairs in Oregon, endeavored to
persuade them to go U|)on the reservation, but
without avail, up to 18()!j. The Indians became
more and more defiant, and it began to he evi-
dent that the military force woidd have to bo
employed to compel them to fnllill the terms of
their own agreement. Still not only the otHcers
of the Indian Department, but those of the
army as well, added to the " I'eace Commis-
sioners " who had been ap[)oiuted by the Gov-
ernment to assist in the settlement of the
difKculty, used every possible argument and ex-
pedient to avert bloodshed, a thing that evi-
dently could not be done unless the Modocs
yielded and went upon the reservation. At last
an agreement was reached, and the Modocs
! started and arrived at Modoc I'oint on the
reservation, on the 28tli day of December,
1809.

Here a council was held between the -Modocs,
under Captain Jack, and the Klamaths, under
Allen David, the Klamath chief, with Superin-
tendent Meacham, on the part of the Govern-
ment, which resulted, so far as any coidd see, in
an amicable allotment of the Modocs to a chosen
part of the reservation for their home. The
"annuities" were distributed to all, and satis-
faction and peace sat on every man's counte-
nance. Thus 1809 passed out and 1870 began.
The Modocs were placed under the care of
i Captain Knapp, an army otKcer, who had been
I assigned to duty as an Indian agent. He a."d
! all he could to satisfy the demands of Cap-
( tain Jack and his people, but they were restlcsH
I and discontented, and quarrels had arisen be-
i tween them and the Klamaths, and it was not
I long before they had made up their minds to
j leave the reservation and return to their old
haunts on i>ost river. After only eleven weeks
' of life on the reservation they were all home

Hgrfin.
; The Governu'i <i continued its ett'orts to per-

nrsTonr of o/ieoon

21!)

Himilu Jack to return, hut, while lie wuuld not
CoiiBtMit to do BO, nothing of a speeially hostile
cimracter occurred for sonio months. The (iov-
crunient had resolved to employ coercive meuH-
urc8 if the ModocH still persisted in their refusal,
lint under the iiiHtience of lion. Jesse Apple-
gate, whose influence over hoth Indians and
whites was very great, and Hon. A. H. Meachani,
superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon,
General Canhy, who had command of the De-
partment of the Colnml)ia, adopted a concilia-
tory course with them. A commission to treat
with them was appointed. Another council was
held, in a wild, desolate country, many miles
from any white iuhabitant, at which Captain
Jack appeared with nearly all his men, and all
thoroughly armed. A conditional ngroement
was reached to give the Modocs a small reserva-
tion at the u)outh of Lost river, and again hos-
tilities were averted.

Hut the (Tovernment acted hut slowly, and
the Modocs grew more and more restless, and
made more encroachments on the whites. Gen-
eral Canhy was appealed to, but he was slow to
order them removed by force, as he well knew
that such an order meant war.

While matters were thus lingering a change
of officers in the Indian service in Oregon was
made, L. U. Odeneal succeeding Mr. Meacham
as superintendent. In a letter from the Indian
Department at Washington, September, 1872,
he was imperatively ordered to remove the
Modocs peaceably, if he could, forcibly if he
mu.st.

Captain Jack was soon informed of this order,
but he not only refused to go but insolently re-
fused to meet the superintendent in a council.
Mr. Odeneal at once transferred the whole matter
to the military officials, and Major John Green,
commanding at Fort Klamath, immediately dis-
patched Captain Jackson with thirty men with
orders to bring Captain Jack and his people on
to the reservation. Twenty-five white men from
Linkvillo proposed to accompany Captain Jack-
son's expedition, and did so.

It was intended that all these raovements

should be kept from the knowledge of Captain
Jack, b\it he was early advised of them, and, of
course, prepared for them, though ho did not
expect so expeditious a movement as Captain
.lackson made. Captain Jack's company of war-
riors with him in his cam[) only amounted to
twenty-seven men. Captain .lackson arrived at
the camp of the Modocs at daybreak, on the 30th
of November. Their coming at that hour took
the Indians by surprise, and before they knew
the soldiers were there they were surrounded,
and Captain Jackson ordered them to lay down
their arms. Jack complied, and told his men
to do the same. A parley of half an hour en-
sued, and it again appeared that the Modocs
would now go without bloodshed to the reser-
vation again. But " Scarface Charley " had
not laid down his gun. He sulleidy and inso-
lently refused. Lieutenant Boutellot was ordered
to disarm him. As the officer advanced " Scar-
face " drew his pistol, and both officer and In-
dian tired at each other simultaneously. The
soldiers began firing into the Indian camp. The
Indians dashed to the cover of the sa^e brush,
and for three hours the battle was kept up, four-
teen Indians against thirty white men. The
Indians lost one; Major .lackson lost ten killed
and live wounded, au even half of his entire
force, lie then withdrew, leaving the Modocs
in possession of the Held. Thus the Modoc war
was begun.

Captain Jack and his men now gathered up
his women an<l hor.ses and retired to the lava
beds, made so liistoric by the results of the next
few mouths. But a small party of the Modoc
braves set forth on a mission of vengeance
against the white settlers, and did not stay their
cruel hands until they had slain thirteen per-
sons, with all of whom they had, up to the
time of the battle, been on terms of frioudsliip.
Loaded with plunder, this murderous gang
joined Captain Jack in the lava beds. Jack
hotly disapproved of their murders, and threat-
ened to give them up to the whites to be
punished, but while this matter wa.5 under dis-
cussion another band of fourteen braves joined

If ti

n '

f:.

aan

iiisrour OF oiindON.

liix forces, 1111(1 wlieii the discussion was ended a
liii'i^o majority was found o[)|)oscd to their sur-
ruiider. Tlie whole luiinbor of braves at tliis
time was tifty-oni;, inoliiditiiir (Captain Jack liiin-
Belf. It was witii this niiinlier tiiat this ro-
(loiihtai)le chieftain fou)j;ht the ^lodoc war.

The conilitioii of things about tlio hiva beds
now called for the o;atheriiig of the men of
war. The governor of Oreiron promptly sent
forward two or three companies of volunteers.
These, with the rej^ular soldiers soon gathered,
made an army of ^OO men, arid were soon approach-
ing the lava beds, ['reparations for an advance
were soon made. The force was divided, the
two wings to approach the stronghold of the
Modocs from opposite directions, and on the
16tli of January, 1873, tliey were within a few-
miles of each other on either side.

DuriniJ the nitiht there was a scene of excite-
ment and even contention in the Modoc camp
that beggars description. Captain thick be-
lieved that they bad made a great mistake, and
that they should make the best terms they
could. l>ut the majority was against these
views of the chief, and when the vote was taken
there were only fourteen men who voted for
peace, and the remainder, numbering thirty-
seven, were for war. The Modocs were demo-
cratic, and the majority ruled. Cajitain .lack
reluctantly issued his orders for the battle that
was soon to come on the morrow.

Early in the morning the soldiers were
ordered to "fall in." Tiie ranks close up, and
the line of march toward the stronghold is
taken. Major Jackson on the one side, and
Colonel Barnard and his men on the other.
Their position was on a bluff somewhat above
that of the Modocs, and a gray, icy fog con-
cealed the black and sinuous face of the lava
beds from their view as they move cautiously
down itito the obscuring mists. The line is
formed at the foot of the bluffs, and then the
bugle sounds " Forward." They had gone but
a little way into the mist and silence when a
red gleam shoots out through the gray mist,
level at their breasts, and muu after man stum-

bles and falls on the reddening rocks. From
point to point, the Indians invisible behind
their rocky bidwarks, u])on which the soldiers
were compelltMl openly to advance, the battle
went on, when the retreat was sounded an<l the
army returned to its camps. When tiie rolls of
the several companies were called, thirty-live
men failed to answer to their names. Not an
Indian warrior was killed, so ett'ectively were
they shie'dod by the rocky barriers behind
which the^ were concealed.

On the retreat of the troops the Modocs re-
turned U: their camp, dee])er in the lava beds.
The nig'it was largely spent by them in a coun-
cil among themselves, followed by a great war
and scalp dance, full of the tragic extravagances
of Indian imagination and action. In the latter
Jack did not join, but sat apart, ill at ease, his
thoughts doubtless busy with the dark jjroblems
that rtere before his people. In the council he
had declared his belief that, no matter how
many of the soldiers they had killed or might
kill, more would come, and more, until the
Modocs were entirely destroyed. Still he de-
clared he would do as the Modoc heart said, and
echo the voice of his peo|)le to the end.

A few days after this battle. Captain .lack
sent a message to Mr. John Fairchild and Mr.
Dorris, with whom he was well ac(juainted,
proposing a "talk" with them, and assuring
them of personal safety. They acceded, and
accompanied by one white man, and an Indian
as interpreter and guide, rode fully armed
into the Indian camp. Though Jack still [iro-
tested that he desired ])eace, the conference was
without result, and for several weeks no further
war measures were attempted.

The next movement was the a])pointment of
a "Peace Commission" by the general Govern-
ment, consisting of Hon. A. B. Meacham, late
superintendent of In<lian Affairs for Oregon;
Hon. .lesse Applegate, and Mr. Samuel Case,
who was then in charge of the Indian Agency
at Alsea, Oregon, witii (xeneral Canby to a(!t
as counselor to the commission. General Can-
by was himself in the field, and had his head-

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qimrtorri iitioiit twciity-fivti iiiilett froin tli(<
Modui! cuiMp in tliu liivii lii><lri.

The cominiHi^iuii iininedintcly reupeiiod com-
iiniMicHtioiitt with Ciiptiiin Jack. PropoHitiotiH
wcru iniidu tor tiie coiiiiiiiBHiotuira to im<et tlie
leading men of tliu Modocs on Boine ground
inidwny lietween tiie CKnipn, and it was stipii-
Inteii that no act of war i^lioiiid bo coniniitted
hy dither party wliile tlie negotiatione were
[)eniiinj5; but Captain Jack wuw not wiiiinfr to
go out of the lava bedH Id meet tiie coiniiiip-
eionera, though he was wiiiiag to meet tliein at
tlie toot of the bluffs, near where the last battle
was fouglit.

It was found ditHcult to arrange a council
witli tlio ModocH on any equal terms. Tliey
were afraid to trust tliemselvcH in tiie power of
tlie whites. Still ncgotiationtt through messen-
gers were kept up. Finally Mr. Steele of
Yreka, California, in whom the Indians had coii-
Kdeiice, and Mr. Fairchild, accompanied by Rid-
dle, a white man, and his Indian wife, as inter-
preter, went to the Modoc camp and held a con-
ference with them, reporting what was said by the
Indians to the commissioner. The ne.xt day an-
other conference was held in the Modoc camp by
the same parties. At this conference, for a long
time, the Modocs seemed determined to take
the life of Steele and his companion, and they
were only saved by the interference of Captain
Jack and Scarface Charley. As the only way
to secure their safety they remained in Captain
Jack's camp all night, himself and Scarface
standing guard over them in silence. Mr.
Steele was only permitted to leave in the morn-
ing, when he proposed to bring back with him
the entire commission unarmed. It was evi-
dent that the Modocs meant treachery then,
and if the commissioners had thus ventured in-
to Jack's camp not one of them would have
come out alive.

At length the Modocs sent a proposition to
General Canby, by Queen Mary, sister of
Captain Jack, that they would come out and
surrender if ho would send wagons and teams
to meet them. This General Canby agreed to

do, but when the appointed time had come and
the teams and wagons were sent they rctiirni'd
empty. Impatient at the vacillation, il not
tn'aclicry. of the Modocs, (iciicral Canby iioti-
lifd tlieni that no more tritling would lie toler-
ated. He moved his troops nearer to the lava
Iwds. At this juncture two of the Peace
Commissionfrs left, and Kev. Dr. Thom-
as, of California, with Mr. L. S. Dyer, In.
dian agent at Klamath, were appointed in
their places and soon arrived in the camp of
General Canby. On the last day of March
1873, the army was put in motion for the
lava beds, by order of General Canby, and
its camp was pitched at the top of a ridge
overlooking them, and not more than a mile
and a half from Captain Jack's camp. A dele-
i gation of the Indians visited the camp, but no
meeting of the commissioners with them could
j be secured. The Modoc camp was within
j range of the field glasses of the army, which
I now counted, in all, not far from 500 men, — ten
to one of the Indians.

One of the Indians, called "Boston Charley,"
came to the quarters of the commissioners to
arrange for a meeting with them, and it was
held the following day; General Canby, Gen-
eral Gilliam, Dr. Thomas, Mr. Meacham and
Mr. Dyer being present, with Kiddle and his
Indian wife as interpreter, and Captain Jack and
his principal men on the part of the Indians. The
meeting did not last long and was without
definite resnlt, although seve.'al things sug-
gested treachery on the part of the Indians
The only agreement reached was that a "conn
cil tent" should be erected on half-way ground,
where future meetings could be held. The
next day this was done. The tent stood about
a mile from General Canby's camp and a little
more from Jack's stronghold, and in full view
of the army signal station on the bluff.

Negotiations lingered. The Modocs were
permitted to visit the camp and mingle fiecly
v.'ith the men. Captain Jack made a reciucst
by a messenger that Mr. Meacham and John
Fairchild should ^'isit him alone. They did so,

S32

UISTOHY OF OREGOX.

!?i!ii..

jiiiil liail a lim;! ciiiifuit'iicc witli the i-liiot'tiiin,
wiiicli canvassed the whole grouml of the ditli-
eiilty with the Modocs, and set before Captain
Jack tlie only ground on wiiich ])c-mv. i/onld i)e
had, namely, the iModocs surrendering, acknowl-
edging tlie authority of the Government, and
leaving that region of country for a home on

some reservation.

Is it any wonder that these men, who were
horn on this ground hallowed to rhein by the
memories and traditions of their ancestors, shotild
object to that? The Indian lir.o great inhabitat-
ivenoss. He loves the place of his birth more
than (loos the white maii. lie reveres his ances-
tors more than the other. These feelings predom-
inated ovei the Indians, and, with impassioned
and sententious eloquence, Captain Jack re-
plied;

." I am but one man. 1 ai,i the voice of my
people. "Whatever their hearts are, that I talk.
I want no more war. You deny me the rights
of a \vhite man. My skin is red, my heart
is the heart of a white man, but J "m a Modoc.
I am not afraid to die. 1 will not fall on the
rocks. When I die my enemies will be under
me. Your soldiers began on me when I was
asleep on Lost river. They drove us to these
rocks like a wounded deer. Tell your soldier,
Captain, that I am over there now. Tell him
not to hunt for me on I-ost river or Shasta bntte.
Tell him I am over there. I want him to take
his soldiers away. I do not want to fight. I
am a Modoc. I am not afraid to die. 1 can
show him iiow a Modoc can die. "

This conference lasted a full half-day. It im-
pressed the coiuinissioners and (teneral (^anby
with the l>elief that Captain Jack and a minority
of the warriors wanted peace, i)nt that the ma-
jority were against them. Throtigh the Indian
wife of Kiddle they were warned of treachery
on the part of the Modocs, and she urged them
not to go to the counciil tent again, assuring
them they would be killed if they did.

On the 10th of April a delegation of Modocs
visited the camp of the Cdininissionersand j)ro-
posed another meeting of the Indians with them.

An agreement was niiulc with them to nie*!t
nnarmed, five uimrnied Indians at the conncil
tent at noon on the iie.xt day. Mr. Meachaiu,
who was absent when the agreement was made,
demurred at it on his return, lielieving that the
Indians meant treachery. Still it was decided
to meet the engagement.

In the Modoc camp the night was spent in
council. Jack was still for peace. The war-
riors who were for war and inunler taunted him
with want of courage, gathered around him,
placed a woman's hat on his head and ridiculed
his jjretensions t<j manltood. Wiser men than
Captain Jack have quailed before ridicule. So
did he. Dashing off the hat he shouted out his
determination to carry out the voice of his ])eo-
ple. That voice was to murder the commis-
sioners and General (_!anby at the coui"'ilof next
noon. Once he had yielded, Jack planned for
the atrocious butchery with coolness and cunning.
The places of each of the five who were to be
in the conr.cil were assigned them. Thougii
agreeing to go unarmed they were to carry re-
volvers concealed, and other Indians with riHes
were to be concealed in the rocks near at hand.
Now all was ready and stoically the Indians
waited for the day.

In the tent of the commissioners there was
delay, discussion, hesitation. Kiddle and his
wife warned them of the peril of assassination if
they went. Two Modoc messengers were with
them urging haste. It was nearly noon and still
they lingered and counseled. Perjiaps a shadowy
presentiment of what was so near fell on their
j hearts. Hut at last they started, {-iieiieral Canby,
Dr. Thomas, ("oio.'?l Meacham, Air. Dyer, and
Frank Kiddle and his wife as interpreters. It
was a splendid group of men thus deliberately to
march into the jaws of death.

On reaching the tent they found eight In-
dians instead of five, and saw at once that they
all had revolvers cticealed under their clotliing.
Tile Indians greeted them cordially, too cor-
dially, saluting the party with hand-shakings and
other friendly demonstrations. Those in the
party best acquainted with Indian character saw

ifisToRV OF uumioy

523

at oiit'o the purpose of the ]\[o(loc8, but there
was nothing to tlo but cautiously to go on with
tho council, await the issue, and if jwssible arrest
what seemed so certain. Both parties appeared
careless, because each desired to deceive the
other, l)ut really neither was deceived. At
length Geneviil Canby opens the •' talk. '' lie
asked the interpreter to give them messages •)f
kindness, and assuring them of his friend.-, ip
Then Dr. Thomas speaks in a kindred veh..
Captain Jack seems now ill at ease, and tlici In-
dians are watching him closely. Chief 8chon-
chin, next to Captain Jack in anthorit}', began
a very violent talk. Jack rises, walks a few
steps, turns round anti gives a signal, when the
Modoc war whoop starts every one to his feet.
Captain Jack draws a revolver from under the
left breast of his coat and shouts, "Ail ready! "
In a moment (Tcneral Canby and Dr. Thomas
are slain. Mr. Meacham and Mr. Dyer, each of
whom had |)Ut a derringer pistol in his pocket
lu'lore coming to the council, drew their der-
I'ingers, ar.d with them for a moment keep off
their assassins. Dyer escaped by his rajjid
llight. Meaciiam is shot four times and left for
dead upon the rocks. Almost in a moment the
horrid conspiracy has reached this bloody con-
.'^nmmation !

On the otlier side of the Indian's stronghold
another scene, a little 1p~« bloody, is being en-
acted. There was Colon ;! Mason's Camp. Two
of the Indians had g Me toward it with a flag
of truce to decoy tiie colonel away from the
immediate protection of his soldiers. Two men.
Major I?iiyleanil Lieutenant Sherwood, went out
to meet the flag. Sherwood was shot at tiie very
moment the terrible scene was being enacted at
the council tent, lioth scenes were observed
at the signal station, and immediately the sol-
diers were ordereil forward and went flying
toward the council tent. Here tliey stopped,
attended to the dead, and placing ^Ir. Meacham,
who had revived, on a litter returned to camp
again.

We need not stop to detail the sad incidents
that surround the untimely deaths of (ieneral

Canby und Dr. Thomas. They were both men
whose characters and deeds deserve volumes in-
stead of paragraphs, (ieneral Canby was otic
of the noblest of men. Ilis appearance was
striking in the extreme. Tall, stately, with a
face radiant with benevolence, the eye of a
scholar, as well as of a soldier, he was a man to
be gazed upon among a thousand. Ilis record
•:-. the war of the Rebellion was that of a brave
r»ud able general and a noble and patriotic man.

Dr. Eleazer Thomas was one of the most in-
fluential Methodist ministers of the coast, which
had been his home for nearly twenty years.
Like General Canby he was a man of nolde and
attractive presence. If the Modocs could have
selected the two men on the coast out of the
professions these men represented, whose loss
would be most felt by the whites, no two would
have been more likely to have been selected.
Nor did the Indians themselves have any truer
and more generous friends. Indeed it was this
very friendship and nobleness that placed them
in the power of the conspirators at this time;
and they were really martyrs to their faitli in
Indian character and their own humane and
(Christian dispositions.

After this treachery and cold-blooiU^d murder,
all sympathy for the Modocs was gone; there
was nothing thought of but to pursue them to
the death. Just at this juncture an enlisted
company of Warm Springs iTidians, umler Don-
ald Mclvay, a famous Indian scout, and grand-
son of the' Mclvay, who was destroyed in the
ship Tonquin, arrived on the scene. Donald
McKay was of mixed blood, a man of more than
ordinary natural endowments, and as a leader
and scout unequaled in the Indian wars of the
Northwest. He had great influence among all
the tribes, and, with his company of scouts, was
a great accession to the forces that were en-
veloping the lava beds.

It was not until the fourteenth of April that
the army of one thousand men, and the seventy
Warm Springs Indians moved forward to the
assault of the lava beds. The Modocs were
awaiting theni, hidden behind rocks so that they

p lii

284

HlsrOUY OF ORKQON.

were entirely invinible to the approaching .sol-
diers. After a cannonading, which elicited no
re|ily from the Modocs, a eliarge was ordered.
The t-ojdiers were met hy a withering tire from
the chasms and crevices of the rocks, and men
\n"'An to fall on the right and on the left. The
battle went on throngh the day, and the next
day, but it was impossible to turn the Indians
out of their stronghold.

It will not be possible to follow the army and
the little band of Modocs through the chances
and changes of the following month of war. As
long as the Indians had food and water they
held the lava beds. When at last these failed
•md Captain Jack was compelled to draw off his
men into the now open country, the scouts of
Donald McKay soon located them and pursuit
by the army followed. But after this some in-
cidents most fearfully tragic occurred. One
was a battle between seventy-six soldiers and
twenty-four Modocs, when all but twenty-three
of the soldiers were left upon the field, while
not an Indian was killed. The effect of this
afl'air upon the morale of the command was
such that General Jeff. C. Davis, who had been
placed in command after the death of General
Canby, deemed it imprudent to order aggres-
sive movements.

While the Modocs kept to the lava beds they
were able to maintain unity among them-
selves, but after they left their stronghold dis-
sensions arose, which resulted in the division of
the band. The very men who had forced Cap-
tain .lack into the war against his own views
and feelings, offered to conduct the soldiers to
the hiding place of the chieftain. They were
soon discovered, and nearly all that remained of
the band, including Captain Jack, surrendered.
But it was not until tlie 5th of June that this
occurred, nearly two months after the murders
of General Canby and Dr. Thomas. A military
commission was ordered for tl>e trial of a part
of the warriors at Fort Klamath. Six were
tried, and four, including the redoubtable Cap-
tain Jack, were hung, on October 3, 1873.
Thus closed the career of tlie Indian, who made
himself more celebrated for the good and bad
traits of Indian character, than any other Indian
in Oregon history; and thus closed the most re-
markable Indian war of the Northwest.

The remainder of the Modocs, only a small
remnant, were sent by the United States to
Indian Territory, and assigned a home in that
place so far away from the land for which they
contended so long, and with such bitter and
unrelenting cruelty.

-^.^..

HISTORY OF OREGON .

245

CHAPTER XXVII.

INDIAN WARS, CONTINUED.

Joseph's Wae — Joskpii and Ollicdt — Causes of the Wak — Instructions to Indian Agents
— General Howard — Councils Held — Aokek to qo on the Kksekvation— Lai'wai —
Claims in Camas Puaibie — Murders Committed — Cavalrt sent from Lapwai — Hattlk
of White Hird — Soldiers Defeated — Length of the War — Joseph's Wonderful Re-
treat — His Final Surrender.

^IIE last, as well as the most remnrkable of
tlie Indian wars of the Northwest, was
what is popularly known as '" .loseph's
war." It occurred in the summer of 1877.
Though the most of its cam j. signing took place
in Idaho and Montana, yet Joseph and his
tribe had their hahitut in Oregon, and therefore
some reference t war belongs to our

history.

Joseph was the hereditary chicftHiii of what
was known as the "lower Nez ". rces." His
t'jftlier, also named Joseph, was a vfv promi-
nent figure in early Oregon history. He was
strongly endowed, both physically andjinentally,
which always made him noticeable in the coun-
cils of his people, as well as with the HudsonV
Bay Company and the Amei'icans. lie wa^ ,.
far-seeing man, and hence never looked kindly
on the coming of the Americans, who began,
about 1842, to follow the missionaries into tin-
country in such numliers as to awaken his feai
for his own people. He marrieil a wife out ot
the Cayuse nation, as our readers know a fierce
and treacherous people. The fruit of old
Josepli's marriage was two boys, the oldest, the
Joseph of this sketch, and the younger, " Olli-
cut." Joseph being the lineal successor of his
father in the chieftainship of his tribe. Though
Joseph was the lineal chief, OUicut participated
in all the affairs of government. In many re-
spects the brotliors were contrasts. Both were
not less than six feet in height, finely formed,
lithe and active. Joseph's face wore a somber, un-
fathomable look, while Ollicut's was open, frank.

and full of laughter. The writer first saw thesf
men on the 4th day of July, 1874, while he was
delivering an oration and laying the corner-
stone of an educational institution at La Grande,
in the Grande Ronde valley, in eastern Oregim.
They stood side by side through all the services,
within ten feet of him, listened to every word,
and marked every action, and when the exercises
were ov^r wrapped their long red blankets
closely ..'lout them and stalked sil' iitly awa\
The country they claimed fur their home was in
ti <• Wallowa valley, about fifty miles northeast
ol La Grande, one of the most beautiful spots
of the Northwest. In addition to the Wallowa
valley, ihe valley of Iminaha, celebrated in the
ad\ I'titurous travels of Bonneville, was occu-
pied by their tribe. These valleys are hummed
away from all others by a very high and rugged
spur of the Blue mountains, and so for a long
'<■ ^' escaped the invasion of white settlers,
A Joseph's Nez Perces were permitted to
occupy them unmolested.

There had been some treaty stipulation be-
tween old Joseph and the Government of the
United States in regard to the land in \\\Qf
valleys, but, as is not unusual with treaties
with the Indians, it served at last as the occasion
of greater difficulties, and really of the bloody
and protracted war of 1877,

Our space will not permit us to follow up
and out all the causes that finally resulted in
this war; nor would it pay the reader to take
the time to read them. They grew out of nui
tual misunderstandings of the parties to the

ii6

iiisroHY (IF DiiEikm.

i^:

I I I!

trpiitii'S ineiitioned, tlm crowding of flii" white
settleiiu'iits upon tlie territory (exclusively
claimed by the Indians, and the influence of the
Modoc war in southern Oregon, which i,'rcatly
excited nearly all the tribes of the Morthwest,
so that they were all with ditHeulty restrained
from hostilities. Add to this the intractable
nature of this particular band of Ncz Pei'ces,
with a few personal contliets with white men,
■"ho were trespassing on what the Indians
clai'ned for their own, and the causes will be
(jiiite accurately defined.

The Ciove 'nnient had determiTied that all the
Indiiins of the Northwest should take up their
residences on the reservations. That for the
Xez Perces was on the Clearwater river in
northern Idaho, and consisted of one of the fin-
est tracts of land in the Northwest. Joseph and
his band claimed not to have been pai'ties to
the treaty by which this reiorviition was set
apart for the Nez Perce trife. ami declined to
go ujinn it. The contagion of their opposition
extended to other bands of what were called
'• non-treaty" Ncz Perces," and nearly k^d to a
war in 187;5. I'ut troops were sent into the
infected region by Gericral Jeff. C. Davis, then in
charge of the Department of the Columbia, and
the trouble was for the time ap|)easeil. Put .lo-
seph's band remained sullen and determined.
As the month passed on their attitude became
more and more one of menace. ihey denied
the authority of the Government at Washington
over thcni, and close observers foresaw that
serious trouble would arise, and probably blood
be shed, before these imUcontents would sub-
mit.

The Department of the Interior at Washing-
ton tin;illy issued instructions to the Indian
agent of the Ne/ Peri-es reservation at Lapwai
to put .losepli anil his band upon that reserva-
tion, and (uMieral O. O. Howard, who had suc-
ceeiled (ieneral Davis as commander of the De-
partment of the (Columbia, was ordered to oc-
cupy the Wallowa valley vvitli troops, an<l assist
the agent in carrying out his instructions. All
that could possilily be don(! was done to induce

.loseph to comply peaceably with the ])nrposes
of the Government. A council was appointed to
be held at Fort Walla Walla in April, when Jo-
seph and (Jeneral Howard were lo meet and
confer about the situation. General Howard
was there but Joseph did not come, but sent
his brother Ollicut, an abler talker than Jo-
seph, though not so able a man. The council
amounted to but little, nothing, indeed, but to
postpone, perhaps, for a very short time the
impending conflict, yet another council was ap-
pointed to be held at Lapwai, on the 3d of
^[ay, 1877. Joseph, Ollicut, and about fifty of
their braves were present at this council; they
came dressed in their bravest array, and being
statwart young fellows, hardly one less than six
feet tall, as they rode slowly around the walls
of Fort Lapwai, chanting a shrill and searching
soni;. General Howard said, •' It makes one feel
glad that there are but fifty of them and not five
hundred." The council was continued next
day. Other non-ti'eaty Indians had come in,
among them White Bird and his band, whose
country lay between Lapwai and Wallowa, or
the country of Joseph. This council was held
j under a tension of exitement, and evidently
the Indians were under the influence of the war
1 sentiment; so much so that (ieneral Howard
! felt that some time must be gained to put the
j troops, then on the march to the Wallowa
I country, iuto position for impending emergen-
cies. The couticil was therefore adjourned un-
til the following Monday.

Before that day. May 7, arrived there were
large accessions to the " non-treaty Indians."
A messenger had brought Joseph word that the
soldiers (ioiieral Howard were already in

Wallowa. Matters looked more serious. When
the council met the Indians put forwanl Too-
hiilhul sote, one of the most implacable of the
band as thespoaker of the occasion for them. He
was bold, bitter, defiant. General Howard was
calmly positive, but was at last compelled to lead
defiant Too-hul-hul-sote from the council room
the by force. The tone of the other Indians be-
came more placidilc, but probably only from a

It!

niSTOUY OF <IHE(WN.

temporary policy. Tlie final council was held one
week later. Apparently its issno was peace,
anil most believeil that all dantjer of war was
averted.

It was now the middle of iMay, Joseph and
his men returned toward his own country, White
Bird and his. went to their home on SalmoTi
river, General Howard returned to Vancouver.
The month following was quiet, but a month of
preparation for something on the part of the
Indians, — the whites supposed it was prepara-
tions for removing to the reservation. Hut with
the middle of .June tiie air began to be tremu-
lous with news of strange and apparently hos-
tile movements on the part of these two bands
on Salmon river and on (Jamas prairie. General
Howard had returned to Lapwai.

r.apwai is a most beautiful spot. It is a green
valley, around which smooth, sloping hills,
covered with luxuriant grass, sweep and roll
away in every form of symmetrical beauty, until
their azure tops touch the green sides of Crags
piny mountains, fifteen or twenty miles to the
south and east. The Lapwai creek, clear as
crystal, ripples down the center of the lovely
vale, with, here and there, swaying clumps of
willow and water beech, and an occasional cotton-
wood, taller and more stately, standing like a
green spire in tiieir midst. One would travel
far to find a lovelier, more homelike and peace-
ful scene.

The evening (teneral Howard arrived at this
sylvan retreat, a courier came trooping down
the steeps of Crags inonntain with a letter from
one of the most trustworthy and intelligent citi-
zens of Camas prairie, Ml-. L. P. IJrown, that
sent a thrill of dread through the heart of every
officer's and soldier's wife in Lapwai, and made
officers and soldiers begin to think of the old
murders and battles of the southern plains and
mountains. The latter told of ominous move-
ments and dangerousexcitementsof the Indians.
A detachment of soldiers was started the next
morning for "Mount Idaho," sixty miles south-
east of Lapwai. The Indians wo'p oiio:itnped
near tiiis place. Tlie detachment of soldiers on

their way to Mount Idaho met another mebsen-
ger with still more exciting news and turned
back with him to Lapwai.

Now it was war, — war without disguise or
subterfuge; such war as Indians only wage.
The outbreak had occurred on the 13th day of
June. On that day three white men were killed.
On the 14th, six men, one woman and a little
girl were killed, and in the night of that day a
scene of horror was enacted on the lovely Camas
prairie which beggars description. Over it we
draw a veil.

Joseph, White Bird, Ollicut and all the rest
were riding through the camps and declaring
for war. Thus was begun "Jose|)irs'' war.

A strong detachment of cavalry under Colonel
Perry was immediately sent from Fort Lapwai
to the scene of hostilities. It took two days to
make the inarch. On reaching (jrangeville. a
night march was ordered to White Bird Canon,
a distance of sixteen miles, over the open Cam-
as prairie. White Bird canon is a deep gorge,
with sloping sides somewhat overlayedby huge
piles of broken basaltic rock dropping down from
the south eastern end of Camas prairie very steep-
ly toward Salmon river, about tliree miles from
the head of the canon. Down this cai'ion rnns a
broad and much traveled In<lian trail. Joseph's
camp was now near Salmon river, .somewhat to
the right of where this trail comes near to it
and then detiects to the left and up the river
along the face of the precipitonB mountains
that rise sheerly up for some thousands of feet
from the water's edge. With Joseph was White
Bird and his band.

Colonel Perry and his command came to the
top of the canon almost one honr before the
dawn, and here remaine<l until daylight. Their
position was just on the ridge, where from
Joseph's camp, they would be clearly outlined
against the clear morning sky as soon as it was
light enough to see. He could not discern the
det^p valleys, here were the camps of Joseph and
White Bird, as they lay in deep mountain shad-
ows. But his position lifted him clear against
the sky.

UI STORY OF OREOON.

Tliu Iiidiiiiis were early astir. Joseph ;iiid
OUicut were among tlie lirst. Tliey soon dis-
covereii Colonel I'erry and his cavalry standintr
inutiunless on the crest of the mountain ridge
as though painted against the sky. Soon they
began to move in close order, over the crest and
down the trail into the caTion leading toward
Joseph's camp; Joseph drew out his warriors
and ^ave instructions tor battle, lie said: "Get
the people all ready, — •women, children and the
stuff over the White Bird creek. White Bird,
take your men and turn the Bostons when they
get to that ridge. I will get over there behind
the rocks and wait. Mox Mo.x and the women
must take care of the herd, and give us iVesh
horses if ours are shot down, Ollicut must stay
with me." Everything was done as Joseph had
directed. After they had taken their positions
as ordered, with arms and ammunition in readi-
ness, and their ponies standing ].>atiently by
their side, the Indians waited the attack of the
cavalry.

They had not long to wait. The cavalry soon
approached the buttes, behind one of which
White Hird was stationed, and the other of which
C(mcealed Joseph and Ollicut and their warriors.
The cavalry was marching in columns of tour.
Suddenly the Indians appeared in open skir-
mish order stretched out into an irregular line.
They came into sight everywhere. From be-
hind stones, bushes and every other cover they
took deliberate and deadly aim. These were
Joseph's men. On the other side White Bird
and his flanking party were galloping well to
the left. Then the cavalry endeavored to de-
ploy and get into such dispositions as would en-
able them to meet the tierce assaults of the In-
dians, but they were too hemmed in, and the
bugler, who sounds the calls, and makes orders
plain amidst noise and confusion, was dead.
Their retreat was ordered, and an attempt was
made to take a position on high ground, and
the little column moved rearward and leftward,
but the Indians were too quick for them and

girdled them with fire. The men became panic-
stricken, and in a moment the rout became
genei-al. At lengtli Colonel Perry succeeded
in organizing a party of twenty-two men, by
which means alone a single otlicer or man es-
caped from death. One hundred whites en-
tered this Indian battle. More than one-third
of them were slain it it.

Joseph, Ollicut and White Bird pushed the
pursuit within four miles of (irangeville.
Tliey then drew off and slowly rode back to
White Bird canon, a wild, jubilant, triuniphant
herd of savages, thrilling with victory, and
thirsting for more blood.

This battle was fought just north of Salmon
river, and but a few miles across the Oregon
line, in Idaho. It was within sight of the high
mountain points that circle the Wallowa and
Immaha valleys, and the hero of it was Joseph,
whose home, as we have said, was Oregon.
Hence we have followed its history thus far,
but, except in a few general statements, can fol-
low it no farther.

The war lasted until late in the antnmn.
Joseph showed himself, not only a warrior to be
feared on the field of battle, but a master of
strategy as well. When the forces of General
Howard had become too strong for him he
turned into the mountains of Idaho and Mon-
taiia, and led the forces of the United States a
long and wearisome chase through the Jiational
Park, over the plains of the Yellowstone and
the Missouri. The remnant of his men sur-
rendered in early October to General Miles,
who had come in with forces from the eastward,
while General Howard's men were following
the Indian's trail from the west. From the
battle of White Bird canon to the surrender
of Joseph, Howard's counnar.d had marched in
pursuit of the redontable chieftain over 1,300
miles. This magnanimous general himself as-
cribes to Joseph the highest qualities of a
general.

«g<f..^

S^-ig

a(i«^ie)P '^»*" ~

HISTORY OV OUEOON.

CIlAPTEli XXVIII.
OREGON IN 1803— HEU CITIES, TOWNS, AND COUNTIES.

Introductory Note — Pokti-and — General Descrittion — Her Location — Centfr of Trade —
Population — Salem — Hkb Site — Characteristics — Institutions — Beautiful Plat —
Oreuon City — Location — The Willamette Falls — Dr. McLaughlin — Controversies —
Historic Distinction — Albany — Situation — General Bkalty — College - - liAiLKOAD
Center — Eugene — Lane County — Head of Valley — State University.

JE have traced various departments of
the history of Oregon from the time of
tlio discovery of the Columbia river by
Captain Robert Gray, in 1702, through a full
hundred years. In doing so we have endeavored
to put before the minds of our readers as fair a
picture of its progress as the limits under which
we have necessarily written would permit. Its
history has been so various and so thrilling
that, to treat it circumstantially, in details of
personal incident and adventure, would require
many volumes instead of one. We have writ-
ten enough, liowever, to show how varied and
unusual, even for new countries, the story of
its settlement was. Our readers have seen too,
i)y what a splendid race of men and women the
work of makingOregon was done. Still the writer
feels tliat only a small number of those whose
record entitled them to grateful enshrinenient
on the fair pages have been put there, and solely
because there were so many faces in the gallery,
from whose walls look down the serene faces of
these pioneers of civilization and education and
religion that the pages could not hold them,
and it is with a sense of regret that he closes
his work without giving them all the place in
public to which his heart assigns them. But
desire must here wait on necessity, and in a
concluding chapter we can onlv group facts
and statements that will give our readers a fair
idea of the Oregon of 1893, — that Oregon to
which the Oregon of the hundred years of

change and growth, which wo have studied, have
led.

We entered Oregon, in our history, in a pe-
riod long anterior to the time when Bryant in
his " Thanatopsis " sung of

•' The continuous wood
Where rolls the Oregon, and hears no sound
Save its own dashing."

So little did even the poet know of that
whereof he sang that his lines are now set down
as a marked instance of poetic license in their
verbal expression, while yet they do embody a
fact of the time when he wrote. (Oregon was
then a solitude, albeit " the Oregon " rolled for
nearly all its way where leaf nor bough of
" wood " reflected in its mirroring clearness.
Only one who had himself seen the progress of
the change out of that old into this new can
realize the change. To him it has been the
greater and better part of his own growth, and
it is now the best portion of his life, and hence
he sees it all, realizes it all, feels it all.

In considering the Oregon of 1893, we desire
to place before the mind of the reader, in the
first place, its towns and cities, for they are what
most specially give character of a civilization.
Cities are but the thoughts, and impulses, and
ambitions of a people, hardened into substantial
and unwasting forms.

The chief city of Oregon, as it is of all the
great Northwest, is

•j;t()

lUHroitr Oh' OHKOON.

I'ORTI.ANIA

It would take a book to describe Portland:
we can (five it but part of a (■liai)ti'r. NLan^'
reasons make it too ditticult to give a reader
who has never seen the city even an ontline
impression of it in this way. The city is so
new, and yet so old. All about it and all away
I'rom it are lif'te<l timbered heights, or stretch-out
fir-covered intervales. Looking at them from a
distance one can hardly discover an opening
that an ax has made. Approaching it by the
river but little can be seen of it but a long, low
range of docks and wharves by the side of which
are lying scores of steamers, or before them are
anchored many ships of the sea. The impres-
sion is disappointing. The steep hills to the
west seem almost to impend over the city,
which appears to rest on a narrow shelf of land
at their l)ase, but a little elevated above the tide.
As one steps ashore and rises into the streets,
and looks up and down and out, between the
long rows of stores and hotels, rising for si.x or
ten stories, of massive form and splendid archi-
tecture, and sees the ceaseless stream of comers
and goers, the flashing by of hundred.^ of elec-
tric cars, and listens to the ceaseless roar of
business, the illusion of the first impression
vanishes, and he awakens to find himself in the
heart of a great commercial emporium. But
even yet he does not comprehend it. Nature
about him is so great and broad and preponder-
ant that the city seems small and slight in com-
parison. So it is everywhere in Oregon. Na-
ture is 8(1 vast that all art seems circum.scribed.
liesides the mighty structures of the hilU that
rise five hundred or a thousand feet just beyond
and so far above our hotel windows, the eight
or ten stories of our hotels seems but spare in
comparison. Portland, as a work of art, suffers
this depreeiative contrast at first in the minds
of all coiners. Vet they scarcely understood
the reasons of their disappointed feeling. Per-
haps they cannot until they have ascended to
the very summits of the heights on a bright,
sunny day, and from that elevation studied over

and over, uguin and again, the scene that lies
spread out before and beneath and around him.
Let the reader come with the writer to this green
pinnacle around the slopes of which a beautifully
graded roadway winds and curves for some
miles, and we will look from it over the scene.
My friend, you will not talk at first: your eye,
will wander eastward, southward, northward,
along the stretching slopes, through the appar-
ently endless streets, across the broad river, and
over the city-covered miles beyond. Then you
will look again and yet again. Vou begin imw
to see Portland. Lift your eyes a little and
look farther to the east. Slowly follow the long
mountain slopes, forty miles away, that spring
up higher and highei until upon their green
shoulders they lift up into the sky, twelve thou-
sand feet, the shining coronet of Mount Hood,
more than sixty miles from where yo\i stand.
And yonder, farther to the north and ' rther
from your feet, are Adams and St. Helen's and
Rainier, far across the silver sea of the ColuiTibia.
Your eye has swept an arc of three hundred
miles of mountain range, not dimly outlined
through a smoky mist, but as clearly mapped
against the amber horizon as though you conlil
touch them with your finger. From this vast
sweep of vision you again drop your eye upon
the city. If you are an artist you will see at
once why it seeined so small befoi'e. It is alone
the predominance of Nature on a scale so meas-
ureless that all that art can attempt or achieve
is little in comparison. Still now the city seems
emparadised. ' The great vale in which it so
sweetly slumbers is mountain-hound. The
nearer hills are orchard-crowned. The city
itself is in the enfolding embrace of a rich, soft
foliage of maple anil elm and poplar. Its lofty
towers rise white or gray far above their tossing
branches. The gliiling steamers on both rivers,
the rushing trains that wave their distant ban-
ners of steam against the landscape, iiuieed all
that we behold entrances and enslaves our fancy,
and we begin to understand Portland. Between
the seas, from shore to shore, tiiere is no iither

HISTORY Oh' OIIEUOX.

city tliiit eun give tlic buhuldoi' ku vast, so sub-
lime, 80 beautiful a scene.

The position of Portland preordains its con-
trolling greatness. The meeting of the Willam-
ette and Columbia rivers in the very heart of
the empire of the Northwest, in the midst of the
most productive region of the Pacific coast, is of
itself sufficient to fix it as the center of com-
merce for all the region drained by these waters.
It is at the head of deep-sea navigation, where
all the great commercial cities of the world are
found. London is at the head of deep-draugiit
navigation on the Thames. Paris is not on the
sea but on the Seine: Canton, (Calcutta, Liver-
pool, Antwerp, are the same. In America the
same fact prevails. Commerce seeks its most
inland point of distribution. Portland meets
the condition, has the same history, and will
always illustrate the same philosophy of trade.

Portland lias a population that touches a
hundred thousand. Its people are cosmopoli-
tan, and its customs are as its people. Its pub-
lic buildings are tnodels of massiveness and
solidity. Some of its churches rival those of
the largest cities of the East. Its schoolhonses
are of excellent quality. Its railroading and
steatnboating are so immense that to attempt
to catalogue them is impossible. Its banks
are loaded with gold. How many men who
count their tens of millions of wealth there are
we cannot tell. .\t all events it ranks tho third
in comparative wealth among the cities of the
world.

Without entering upon any specific enumer-
ation of its industries, its vastly extended
commercial relations by land or by sea, or at-
tempting any extended statements in regard to
it, only in this general way, we may say that, as
Portland has been the great city of the North-
west, there is every reason to believe that its
destiny is to be the greatest city of the ultimate
West.

From Portland it is but the natural step for
us to consider next in order the capital of the
State.

8ALEM.

The site of Salem is fair and beautiful beyond
description. Imugine a Ijroad and silvery river,
swinging gracefully through the ronnde<l hill.s'
and then the undulating jilains; the hills tessel-
lated with spreading oaks ,and the plains fringed
with lofty pines, gliding as quietly as the air
out from behind a projecting jioint of one of
these hills, a few miles away to the south, and
then as noiselessly glidingon northward tlirough
a long stretch of sloping upland on the east and
low willow-fringed bottoms on the west, and
then, some miles below, swaying out f)f si^ht
again l)y a slight turn to the eastward. On this
sloping upland, coming sheer against the river-
side, and sloping toward the west lies Salem.
Its site comes to the river in a vertical wall of
gravel-drift of from twenty to fifty feet in
height, then extending eastward, nearly on a
line, for a quarter of a mile, begins to slope
gently up and continues thus for anotliei' quar-
ter of a mile, where it falls again on a level, and
then continues eastward for three or four miles
farther, where the oaken " Wald Hills" begin
their gentle and beautiful rolls. Over all this
reach the oaks are scattered, like some great
orchard trees, with here and there a lofty tir
shooting its evergreen spire a hundred feet
above the tallest oak. Down through the cen-
ter of this stretch of beauty, from the east, conies
a rivulet of twenty feet in '.vidth, hasting onward
over rapidq and riffles as though anxious to join
its note to the silver rhythm of the river's flow.
Over in the west, beyond the river — the beaati-
ful Willamette — rise and roll away the hills of
Polk county, like, but only higher, than those
away to the east. This, in outline, was the an-
cient " Chemeketa" of the Indians, is the mod-
ern 'j' Salem" of the white man.

As one writes these names he is inclined to re-
grot that the omnipresent Yankee, who clings so
tenaciously to New England nomenclature, had
not been present when the white man's city was
named, or else that he had let the musical

aiSTOHY Of OHKQON.

i it

" Chemeketa" remain to monument the now
departed race.

Salem was platted on a majifnaninions scale.
Its streets are wide, its avenues maf^nitieent,
•and its lots, whether for residence or business,
very large. This gives it a semi-rural, liome-
lilce ai)pearance, and renders it practicalde to
embower the residences in fruit and ornamental
trees, and this the people have largely done,
liiinniny east and west, directly through the
heart of the city, is Capital avenue, nearly half
a mile in lenj^th, and probably 800 feet in width,
serving the purpose of a beautiful park. At
its west end stand the Marion county court-
house, a finely constructed edifice of graceful
architecture, and at its eastern termination the
State capital, a building that in dimensions and
appearance is a credit to the State. Just on
the southern side are the grounds and buildings
of the Willamette University, wliose history and
work are elsewhere spoken of, and the beautiful
Methodist church, one of the chastest pieces of
church architecture on the coast. On the north-
ern side are a large number of beautiful, even
elegant, dwellings, whose ornamented and well-
kept grounds delight the eye of the passer.
Still further to the north and west the spires of
a large number of churches rise above the
dwellings. Looking westward, down Capital
avenue from the steps of the capital building,
the business blocks of the city, on State and
Commercial streets, are in plain view. Electric
street car lines are running in every direction.
The Catholics have very large school interests
here. There are schools for the blind, and for
the deaf and dumb under Slate control. Back
of the city a mile or more are the State Peni-
tentiary, the Insane Asylum, and a distance
further soutii is the State lieform School. All
these are extensive and magnificont buildings.

The population of Salem is aiiout li5',000,
and they count in that number a large propor-
tion of wealthy men. Every department of
business, and every profession, is coinmandingly
represented. As it is the capital city, and the
seat of some of the I)est endowed and oldest

schools in the State, its society is not only
fashionable but intelligent. Still it is a city of
churches, and tliere are few towns of its size in
the United States that supports thoin more
generously.

Salem is the second oldest town in the State,
if, indeed any one can fairly be said to i)e ohler
than it. There are few cities anywiiere that
for i)eauty of situation, spleiulid sci-nery. culti-
vated society, and general attractiveness can
rival the capital of Oregon.

OBEOON CITY.

In going from Portland to Salem, a distance
of forty-five miles, we have passed by what
claims to be the oldest city of the Northwest,
Oregon City, at the falls of the Willamette,
twelve miles above Portland. Perhaps Oregon
City dates its real settlement a trifle before the
capital city. It was for some years the largest
and wealthiest place in the Northwest, and
served as the capital of the Territory during the
existence of the provisional government. Na-
ture selected its site. Just here a range of ba-
saltic hills, several hundred feet iii '.'jight, crosses
the Willamette river, or, to speak more sciontifi-
cally true, the Willamette river has plowed a
channel through a range of basaltic hills ami
made for itself a way deeply locked between
escarpments of that rock rising in a couple of
terraces 200 or 300 feet. In the middle of
this deeply worn channel the river plunges over
a precijiice, some thirty feet in height, falling
into a rent in the basalt, from ..nich it issues
about a quarter of a mile below the falls and
flows swiftly away down the (Hackamas rapids,
between pebbled shores, toward the sea. Just
at these falls, on the east side of the river, lies
Oregon City. It strolls backward and upward
on the successive ascents of the hills for a mile
or more, and downward along the rivers flow
for an equal distance. Its business is mostly
confined to that part of tiie city lying between
the first escarpment and the river, which consti-
tutes a bench of about forty rods in widtli, and

HISTORY OF OIIKOON.

8;i:i

id neiirly on a lovul with tlic water of tlio river
ul)()ve tiiu falls. On the hriiik of tlio fulls nro
situated the maiiiifaeturiiig ostabliHhnieiite of
the place, aiifl here aUo is inaiiiifactured the
electricity that driven much oi the machinery
and kindles many of the lights of Portland,
twelve miles away. Oregon City has a popula-
tion ofahout 5,000, and among its citizens are
some of the best known and most influential
of the State. Its churches and schools are ex-
cellent.

Oregon City was the home of Dr. Jolin Mc-
Laughlin after he left the Hudson's Iky (Com-
pany. He selected the land on the east side of
the Willamette, river, lying against the falls
as his " claim " hefore the settlement of tlie pos-
sessory rights so long in dispute between the
United Status and England, and when that was
finally decided became himself an American
citizen that he might hold it legally. lie he-
came involved in a controversy in regard to it
with Kev. A. F. Waller of the Methodist
mission, the merits of which it is not necessary
to discuss, but which was a source of annoyance
to them both at that time and long thereafter,
and has been the fruitful occasion of much fruit-
less discussion by many writers. It was eo
adjusted finally that substantial justice was
probably secured. Doubtless much unjust prej-
udice against Dr. McLaughlin was felt by the
missionaries and many of the early settlers be-
cause he had been the controlling spirit in the
Hudson's Bay Coinpany during the time when
it was doing the most to make Oregon British
instead of American. We have given our esti-
mation of his action in this regard elsewhere,
and need not repeat it here; nor would it serve
any good purpose to detail the story of the per-
sonal controversies in which even good men be-
caine involved by these facts. The asperities
then engendered have died away, and the men
who indulged them have been assigned by the
just consensus of public opinion their equal
place side by side among those to whom Oregon
owes an ever accumulating debt of gratitude.
Dr. McLaughlin died and was buried at Oregon

City. In after years the lioinan Catholic Church
canonized him. and in its calendar he is known
as St. McLaughlin, —a title to which he was
more worthy than nuiiiy more conspicuous
'•saints."

Oregon City has the historic distinction of
being the place where the first Protwitant church
ever erected on the entire Pacific was built. It
was under the administration of liev. A. F. Wal-
ler and Kev. Gustayus Ilines of the Methodist
Ei)iscop8l mission that this was done, in 18-t2-
'43. It was a plain wooden building, and though
not now used as a church, is still standing, a
full lifty years after its erection. Oregon City
has the finest water power in Oregon, and be-
fore steam and electricity became the great
motor powers, it was expected that it would l)e
the Lowell or Manchester of the Pacific coast.
It is and must remain an important and inter-
esting place.

Proceeding up the valley of the Willamette
river, on the eastern side of the stream, the next
important city above Salem is

ALBANY,

about twenty-five miles from the capital. This
city is the county seat of Linn county, generally
considered the best agricultural county in the
State. This county extends from the Cascade
UKiuiitains westward to the Willamette river
and has a variegated surface, largely prairie,
and a very fruitful soil. The city is situated at
tiie junction of the Callapooia with the Willam-
ette river, where a rich prairie abuts against
the river, and about fifty feet above it. It ie
very near the center of the great valley, and a
vast outlook over prairie, and along the great
mountain ranges on either side of the valley, is
enjoyed by its people.

Albany is a very handsomely built city. Its
churches are numerous and of very creditable
architecture, and all it« public buildings show
the wealth and cult\)re of the city. Its educa-
tional facilties are of the best, for, in addition
to its excellent public schools, it has the Albany
College, the leading educational institution of

984

ir/sronr or oRKnoN.

till' ['rL'HWvteriuii Cliurcli in (Jru^tiii. Its liu«i-
w»» is large, coiisistini; of hII flie ordinary
l)riiiicliu8 of tnnle, :md lM>8i(le8 if lias very large
iiiillini; estHMishineiits, it lioiiig in the center of
one of the best wlieat-growinfj; sections of tlie
State. Its water power is exceptionally good, the
enterprise of its people having created a largo
canal, sonic twenty miles long, conveying the
waters of the Santiam river, a bold, clear, sweet
i^ionntain stream. down throngii the wide prairies
into the very heart of tiie city, — a thing of
bcanty and of utility, as well.

Albany is somethini; of a railroad center, it
being one of the mo>t important stations on the
Southern I'aeitic road, the point of junction of
the Lotianon branch with the main line, and alto
the pliux' where the Oregon J'aeific crosses the
AVillniiU'tte river, and the Southern Pacific in
its course eastward from Newport on Vaquina
liay toward IJuise City, and whatever may be
its Atlantic connection. From these general
statements it will be seen that Albany is not
only now, but will always be, one of the most
important cities of the State. Its |)opulation is
about 8.000, and has a very excellent reputation
for all that is sujierior in Iiiiman life.

On the east side of the Willamette, as we
proceed southward, are quite a number of iin-
jiortant towns not ranking with the chief cities
of the State. Iiut all centers of a large local
tiiide, and certain of a continuous if not a large
and rajiid growth. Near the head of tlie main
valley, about 125 miles from Portland, we cross
the river to the western side and are in

KUIiKNE.

This is the chief town and county seat of Lane
County.- — one of tlie largest, most diversified and
important counties of the State. It extends
from the summit of the Cascade rantre on the
cast, clear across the Willamette valley and
Coast Ilani^e to the ocean, and includes a large
area of the finest jjrain and fruit and grass lan(i
on the coa»t. For variety of productions, for
cver-ciianging eccnery, for clearness and abund-

ance of streams, it is doubted if any county
of the Northwest can equal Lane. It has
mountains and valleys, hills and jilains, prai-
ries and woodlands, everything to charm the
eye, or furnish the aliment on which tbe
('lesars of a growing civilization need to feed.
Snugly embowered in the tir and oak foliage
that fringe the easternmost point of "(trand
Prairie,"' just where it touches the river, lies
" Eugene." Around it on the east f.iid soutli
swings a cordon of hills, with timbered crests,
swelling upward from either side, until they
terminate directly south of the city, and about
four miles away, in " Spencer's i?utte," a slun-p
mountain peak that rises 1,500 feet ab"ve the
plain on which the city stands. In appearaii.u il
is the •' Lookout mountain " of Oregon, and the
general aspects of the scene always remind us
of the older " Lookout " that sentinels Chat-
tanooga, and wo feel like turning our ear to lin-
ten to the thunder of the •' battle above the
clouds."

Eugene is of the same gradt' of cities as
Albany. Much that was said of that place
would be equally well said of this. Perhaps,
it lies farther from the great commercial me-
tropolis, it has a more distinct business and
social life of its own than the former city. Its
business blocks, churches, residences, school-
houses are about the same, nor do their popula-
tions greatly vary. But that in which the citi-
zens of Eugene take most pride, is the State
University, which the people of the place was
enterprising and energetic enough to secure.
They may well be proud of it, as it gives tone
and (character to the intellectual life of their
fine and growing city. The buildings of the
university are situated on a gentle hill, fairly
overlooking the city, and from its streets present
a very attractive appearance. The addition of
its corps of professors and teachers, and of the
three '>r four hundred young people, who resort
there for intellectual training, imparts a decid-
edly intellectual llavor to the society of the
place. The location of this city of seven or

HfSTOHY OF oufcnoy.

itm

cij^lit tlioiiniiinl |iu()|ile, iiuiir llio head of tlio i iliidivu uuiiiitit*H of ( )roguii, plud^eH it it siii'U
Willaiiiutte viilli>y, mid in oiio of tiio inoMt pro- I and rapid growth.

-^^m^m^^ —

CIIAlTKll XXIX.
DUEGON IN 181t8, (j(>NTINUED-C'ITlKS-TOWN8-(OUNTIE8. , ' '■

COKVAI.MS — It« LoiATKiN — HkNTON CoUNTY — A I'l'KA HAM K OK TIIK CiTV — * (ilUCUT.Tf KAI. CoM.KOK

— Meaning of Name — Dalles— MoMiNNvii.t.K — Fokkst Gko\ k Hillshoro— Astokia -His-
•roKir 1'lack— Location of Cmv — I'opiilation — Maoniucent Scenekv — Tmk Dallkh—
Pendleton — La Gkanke — Bakkk Citv — Soitiikkn Oueoon — RogKiiuito — Gkant's I'abs — •
AsnLAM) — Jaoksonvillk — CiiARACTERiHrrcs OF Names — Names ok Counties — Linn — Ben-
ton — i'oLK — DoroLAH — Lane — Cukky — IIistokies in Names— Baker Grant — Indian
Names— Clackamas — Multnomah — Yam Hill — Klamath — Umatilla — Wallowa — Mal-
heur — Wasco — Ci-ATsor — Coos.

hOVING nortiiwai'd, and down tiii> VVil-
lamettu valley, on the west side, the first
town that ranks with thoso already
named in importance is

COKVALI.IS

in iienton county, and its capital town. Lii«e
all thi> others yi't mentioned, this city is situated
on the Willainotte river, only a few miles ahove
Albany. Corvallis lacked something of the ad-
vaiituifes of the cities on the cast side of the river
from the fact that it did not lie on the through
line of tlic Oregon & California railroad,
though it had a hranch line connecting it with
I'ortlaml on the west side. Still this isolation
turned aside all the through travel and strang-
ers (lid not seo the real heanty and attractiveness
of the place. This is the fjoint where the Ore'
gon Pacific road strikes out of the valley west-
ward through the Coast Iliiige toward the ocean.
Still it has no through connection, and hence is
yet comparatively isolated.

Tin county of which this is tho capital is not
as large as ijiin or Lane, l)iit lias many of the

characteristics of them hoth. The Coast Uange
crowds the river rather more closely near Cor-
vallis than at any other point, but the foothills,
as they gradually swell av .ly in rounded n])ward
curves toward the higher range heyond, have
many features of ex(|uisite grace and beauty of
their own, and furnish a back ground of allur-
ing beauty for tho scenic setting of the little
city before them.

Corvallis is a repose. It is quiet, restful, sat-
isfied. Its atmosphere is that of contentment.
There i- little to stir its blood in the fever of
struggle. It .-its as a (jiieen In her robe« of
state, placidly enjoying the homage of those who
pay their homage at her feet. Among the beau-
tiful town-sites of Oregon there are none more
simply beautiful than this. Its streets are clean
and heavily shaded with the maple of the Ore-
gon woods, one of the most cooling and subdu-
ding of shades. All that goes to make up a
lovely ensemble in a city of 3,000 or i,000 peo-
ple is found and seen here. And then Corvallis,
like Eugene, has an institution in which it takes
rightful delight, in the State Agricultumi Col-

238

UISroHY OF OltfSOON.

;ll if

yik

lege. Reference to it eUewlitn-e precludeB the
necessity of speaking of it iiere t'urtiier than
that it is the special pride ami oriuwneut ofCor-
valHs. In many respects this city is worthy of
tlie name it bears, which, though it may smack
somewhat of classic pedantry, is, in its meaning
— heart, of tiie valley — not altogetiier inap-
propriate to tile place which it distingnislies.

(^iir journey is still northward down tlie val-
ley, and it is not long iintil we pass out of Ben-
ton and into Polk county. Of this county

OALLEB

is the county town, though for 8iz6 and business
Independence is a close second, if it is not first.
Dalles is the older, and heing the capital of the
county ever since its organization is entitled to
the special notice of this page. Its location is
twelve miles westward from Salem, the capital
of the State, and several miles distant froin the
Willamette river. It lies cktse u]) to the Coast
liange of mountains, which gives it a iiniqueness
among the Oregon cities tiiat is not unpleasing.
Its population reaches about that of Corvallis,
though its business is hardly as extensive. Its
resources are more within itaelf than are those
of the other places we have named ■is it lias no
public institutions to give it prominence or pat-
ronage. But as the capital of one of the best
and most beautiful counties of the State it is
worthy of this special notice.

Mc miNnvii.le.

The city of McMinnville is the chief town of
Yam Hill c ;mty, one of the specially favored
agricultural ctuntiesof the State. It is in the
midst of a rollii g country, hardly hilly and yet
not level, through which winds tl)^' Yam Hill
river, the largest tributary of the WilUmette
on the west side, about midway between the
Willamette and the foothills of the ('oast Range.
It is fifty miles from Portland. The west side
branch of the Southern Pacific railroad passes
through the place.

It is the seat of the McMinnville College, the
chief educational institution of the Baptist
Church in the State. While this is one of the
smaller, it is one of the most delightful of cities
of the State, both in the beauty of its situation
and scenery, and its social and educational ad-
vantages.

In Washington county, lying next to Yam
Hill, as we pass down the valley, there are two
towns with about equal claims to special notice.
One is

POBEST (}ROVE,

the seat of Pacific University, one of the best
known schools of the State, and that has a very
honorable and successful record. The school
has built the little city, and hence it has many
attractions in its society, a» well as in its beau-
tiful situation. The othCi town is

HILIi8B0P0,

the county seat and a bright attractive, and de-
sirable place of residence. It lies but about
sixteen miles from Portland, in the midst of
one of the earliest settled portions of Oregon,
known in pioneer times as " Tualatin Plains."
While neither of these towns ranks among the
specially favored business locations of the Staie,
they are rural and homelike, and are so contign-
ons to the commercial metropolis as to render
them very desirable for quiet and retired
homes.

On the Columbia river west of the Cascade
mountains there is but one place in Oregon that
belongs to the list of places we are considering,
namely,

ASTOKIA.

Tills, our readers know, is pre-eminently the
historic place, of the whole Northwest, hong
Agi) Astor's great mercantile enterprise and
Irving's immortal genius canonized Astoria on
the records of romance. Its location is about
irBteen miles within the bar of the Columbia.
From Tongue Point, a few miles above the city

niSTOlir OF OttEGON.

287

the river forms a bay, from five to ten miles in
width, teriiiiuHtiiig on tiie west, where Cape
Disiripointment on *hc north ami Cape Adams
on the soiitli guard the entrance of the migiity
river. Tiie city stands on the foot of a hi<i;li
and abrupt liill, whicii rapidly swells up into
mountains on tiie sontli and east, and looks di-
rectly down toward the month of th j river and
the open Pacific. Not a small part of it is built
on pieis and piles, extending out over the tide
flats and the margin of the buy. As all the
seagoing vessels that visit Portland enter the
month of the Columbia, the city has tlie ap-
pearance of a great commercial seaport. Un-
fortunately the city has no railroad onnec-
tion, but a road has been projected, and much
of it graded, and when this is completed it will
add very greatly to the importance of the place.
It has a population of about 10,000, and is the
third largest city of the State. It is the center
of the great Columbia river. Salmon trade,
one of the most important commercial interests
of the State. The scenery of Astoria is grand
beyond description. The mighty river spread-
ing almost like a sea before it, the vast tim-
bered ranges that limit the distant vision, tlie
capes that sentinel the river's exit to the ocean,
— all combine to make a whole of unutterable
magnificence. Astoria in her present pros-
perity and power, and certainly in lier future
promise and prospect, is worthy of her old ro-
mantic history.

Ascending the Columbia we go a full 200
miles, passing the whole width of the ("oast
Range, the Willamette valley and the Cascade
range, before we reach a city in Oregon that
takes rank among coinmorcial centers, although
we pass within six niilc-^ of Portland. We are
then in the " Inland Empire" and at . ,

TlIK n.VM.KS. ,

If the Dalles were called Phamix the name
would be signiiicant. Once and again and again
the devouring fires- iiave swept her to the
ground, hut again and again and again she has

risen from her ashes into greater strength and
beauty than before. The Dalles is romantic-
ally situated on the south bank of the (Columbia,
and rises backward from the river up several
terraces of basaltic hillside, toward the south.
It has many fine residences and large blocks of
tine business houses. Its situation controls the
trade of a vast country stretching to the south
and east, and makes it a jdace of large business.
The population of the city is about 5,000, and
they are an intelligent, energetic, and prosper-
ous people.

In eastern Oregon on the Umatilla river,
nestling close to the foot of the IJlue mount-
ains is

PKNDI.ETON,

a city of 5,000 people, and the county seat of
Umatilla county. In business, in social charac-
ter, and in all those elements that go to make
an inland city, Pendleton is like the others in
the State of the same grade. Its location is
central of a very large agricultural and grazing
region. Its growth, maiivly, has been in the
last few yi^ars, but it has many fine public
buildings, and very tasteful residences. Nature,
as well as the enterprise of its people, assure its
j place as the largest city in Oregon between the
Blue mountains and the Cascades. It is to
the eastern side of the great valley between
these ranges what tiie Dalles is to the western,
and these two can have no future rivals.

Crossing the Blue mountains on the line of
the Union Pacific railroad, a distance of fifty
miles, we reach (Jrande Uonde valley and are at

LA (iRANOE. ■ -.

We have elsewhere spoken of the beanty and
excellence of this valley, and need not repeat
our stateinentB here. The city is beautifully
located just after entering the valley, and almost
from the ends of its avenues the piuy slopes of
the Blu(^ mountains spring away toward their
blue pinnacles. The jiluce is a railroad center,
being where a branch of the Union Pacific leaves

sir 'i

1*1 >!

1 1 r

ii ^' f

|ij

838

II f STORY OF OHEOON.

till' main line for tlie northward toward Snake
river. In a few years the business and popu-
lation of La Grande have greatly increased. It
lias reai;lied a population of liftween tivt :md six
thousand and gives fair tiroiniso of being the
largest city of eastern Orefjon. Its local trade
in irraiii and stock and luinher is verv larae f.iid
constantly increasing. It is a beautiful and
ovosperous city.

Fifty miles still eastward on the railroad line
brings us to

IIAKKK crTY,

the capital of Baker county, which is also a
place of five or six thousand inhabitants. This
is the center of the largest inining interests of
eastern Oregon. Indeed, whilt> Baker county
has considerable agricultural and jiastoral in-
terests, its placer and quartz mines have always
lieen its pride and boast. Undoubtedly many
of the richest luining properties of the coast are
in this county, and l?aker (^Ityis the center of
their trade. This has made it what was con-
sidered the best business point in eastern
Oregon.

The city is on a level plain, on both sides of
Powder river, and very near the upper end of
the Powder river valley. Kear by are the
mountains, within whose rock ribs the precious
ores are hid. It is a well-built, prosperous,
and energetic city.

The character of the country is such in
southern Oregon as to preclude the building of
many large cities, certainly until its great fruit
cpj>abilitie8 are more extensively developed.
Still it has a few places that are crowding for-
ward toward the rank of those we had named in
this chapter. Koseburg, the county seat of
Douglas county, is a beautiful and thriving
town, located on the ['^mpqua river among oak
and fir covered hills. It is two hundred miles
south of Portland, on the line of the Southern
Pacific railroad Still farther south is (liant's
Pass, and there in the Rogue river valley Ash-
land and Jacksonville, all of which rank well in
the large class of places that rank just below

the chief centers that we have named. Towns
of this rank can be counted by the hundred in
every part of the State, but our limits forbid
even a catalogue of them. In closing the
chapter it may be truthfully said of the cities
and towns of Oregon that for the intelligence of
their people, the range of their business, the
excellence of their institutions of learning, and
the niimlier of their benevolent aasociations and
churches, they are the equal of those of any
other State of the Union.

The observant reader has discovered a history
in the names of the cities, and especially of the
counties of which we have written in this chap-
ter. The cities have largely personal and local
names. Some of them were given to honor,
either the founders of the towns, or some promi-
nent pioneer whose virtues or fame his admir-
ers desired to monument in this way. Some
of them were given to celeebrate the former
home of the men who, chanced to have the privi-
lege of conferring the name. Of the foriner
class is Roseburg. from its founder, Mr. John
Rose; Eugene, from its founder, Mr. Eugene
Skinner. Of the latter is Salem, Albany, Salem,
Portland, those who named them chancing to
have come from Albany, New York, Salem,
Massachussetts, or Portland, Maine.

In the names of the counties there is a politi-
cal and patriotic history and an aboriginal one
as well. Among the older counties are " Linn "
and " PentoM '" and •' Polk " and " Douglas "'
and " Lane " and " Curry. " These names are
redolent of the times when the " Oregon ques-
rion " stirred the purpose and tired the heart
of the entire nation: Linn, th^i sweet and pure
and manly senator from Missouri, who led the
Senate in patriotic vindication of the claim of
the United States to Oregon, and is the advo-
cacy of measures justice and encouragement, to
the hardy pioneers of this, then isolated region.
Linn county is his monument in Oregon; and
"Denton," the stalwart, indomitable, lofty
Benton, whose comprehension of the great
"question," and whoso priSvision of the coming
greatness of Oregon, were complete and pro-

HlSrOK)' OF OHEOON.

3,11

photic. Benton county is tliu proof that Ore-
gon will never forget him. And how the
" Fifty- four Forty or Fight '' rings out again
in Folk, when this wur-cry consigned the incoui-
parable " ]I;.i ry, of the West " to the retire-
ments of Ashland, and put James '»!. I'oI'k
in the presidential chair. And •' Douglas,"
erst and long the political idol of half a nation;
brilliant, aggressive, one of Oregon's early and
Btaiichest friends. A.wd '-Jackson" — there
has heen but one — vviiose tiaine was early given
to a ti/unty an rugged and yet as true as was
his nature. Then " Lane " repeats the story of
the regard Oregon once bore for the man whose
name alio gave to one of her most beautiful and
populu'. regions. So "Curry" celebrates a
character of no mean lepute through a long and
important era of Oregon's Territorial history, — a
mai . who as secretary and governor, won the re-
gards (if his party and of the State in no ordin-
ary degree. These were all Democratic heroes,
and these names were given when that party
nilel the hour in Oregon.

Then came another hour, and names of an-
otl",er gala.\_y rose above the horizon. " Haker, "
the patriotic citizen, the peerless orator and
bravo soldier, the martyr to liberty, is in our
thought, and Ball's lilutf throbs again with the
sheeted tire that laid him low; and " Union,"
the wrench and tug, of war to break the bonds
that held our States into a united nationality and
felt again pulling at our heartstrings. Then Ore
gon's voice was for " Union. " And though last
named, far from being the last either in the love
which it testifies or the greatness it enshrines,
" Grant," — Donelson and Vickshurg and Chatta-
nooga and Fetersburgand Appomattox are wrap,
ped up in that monosyllalile; and that is why the
name lies upon this county of rugged and storied
grandeur. These are all great names, and they
have in them a history that will grow fresher
as the ages grow older over the " rocks and
rills, the woods and templed hills" of Oregon.

Another class of nomenclature is where the
Indian names of localities or tribes are re-
tained and now designate cou?ities or towns.

There are not many of them, not as many as
we could wish. In the Willamette valley there
are but two counties, Clackamas and Multnomah,
that bear unilisputed Indian names. These both
designated Indian tribes formerly residing there
and also water-courses. The first was and is the
name of a very beautiful little river that rises in
Mount Jefferson, une of the great snowy peaks
of the Cascade range, and after a flow of over
a hundred miles, through a mountain gorge of
great wildness and yet of great beauty enters
the Willamette about ten miles above the city
of Portland. Near its mouth lived the (Jlacka-
mas tribe of Indians; in 1834: to '40 a numer-
ous tribe, but of which now not one remains
upon its waters. In the name of " Clackamas "
county their memory is perpetuated.

" Multnomah " was the Indian designation of
that point of the Willamette river that flows
west of the old Wapatoo, now Sauviera island,
which is just at the mouth of the Willamette,
having that river on the east for about four
miles, the Columbia on the north for fifteen
miles and the " Multnomah '' on the west for
eighteen miles. It is a deep, U'lvigable chan-
nel, 200 or 300 feet wide. Along this stream,
on both sides, resided the " Multnomahs," and
they gave name to Multnomah county, in which
is situated the chief city of the Northwest.

Whether " Yam Hill " is an Indian name
purely or not, seems to be a matter of doubt.
If it is what was its specific application is so
much a myth as to be very uncertain. Tiie
word names oiie of the finest counties of the
State.

In southern Oregon there is one county, Ump-
qua, whose name is distinctly and clearly Indian,
and formerly designated both a river and a tribe.
The Umpqua river is a bold, rollicking niount-
ain torrent, flowing from the weatorn slopes of
the Cascade range through a region singularly
and beautifully diversified with hills and val-
leys and mountain ranges, directly to the sea.
On it resided the "Umpqnas," their habitats
extending from its mouth to its source,

Klamath county l)ears the name of what was

240

HISTORY OF OREGON.

h i

formerly a large and tierce ami trenchert/us
tribe, iiiliai)itii)g about tlie lake of tliat name
in sontlieastern Oregon. In the Indian ma-
rauds and murders of more than a quarter of a
eeiitnry the name of a Klamath came to be a
»yiionyiii of what wan to be inoet hated and
dreaded in Indian character, and in the name
as applied to the county that bears it this* red
and bloody history it* perpetual.

In the northern part of eastern Oregon ie
Umatilla tMuiity. This is the Indian name of
a small river that rises in the Hiue mountains
and flowing westerly ior nearlj' a hundred n)iles
through one of the most charming regions of
the State, enters the Columbia al)out thirty
miles below old Fort Walla W.illa, at tlie mouth
of the Walla Walla river. There was no In-
dian tribe of that name, though, in a general
way, the Indians residing upon tiiat stream
came to be called Umatillas by the whites, to
designate their locality. This was the country
of the •' Cayuses," whose favorite residence was
on this stream, near where the city of Pendleton
is now situated. The rhythm of the name is em-
ulated in the beauty of the county that bears it,
which is in many parts a poem written in
roniiue.l hills and sparkling waters, overbent by
the bluest and deepest skies.

Wallowa county is called after the Indian
name of one of the most beautiful valleys em-
bowered within the green embraces of the Blue
mountains. It was the home of Joseph, the
wonderful .Vez I'erces chieftain, a purl of whose
story is told in our chapters on Indian wars.
The name is as musical as the soft rippling of
the beautiful stream that sings down the center
of the forty miles of jeweled loveliness called
" Wallowa valley."

Malheur county, the easternmost county of
the State, has not an Indian, but a French
name. Exactly when or by whom the stream
from which the county is named received its
appellation is probably not now known. It
signifies "unfortunate," or »'uiducky,'' and was
probably named by some party of Frciicii Ca-
uadian voyageurs, who experienced some un-

toward accident at its month on Snake river.
The clioice that gave the county this name,
while locally appropriate enough, was not
a'Sthetieally fortunate, as some 8uperstitio\is
people might feel that the misfortunes that
gave the stream its name would cling as well to
the county that inherited it.

Wasco county, lying along the eastern base
of the Casca<le mo\i:itains, south of " La Dalles,"
of the old voyageurs, was named from a local
hand of the fiercest freelxioters of the Columbia.
They resided alwnt the mouth of the little
stream calieil Mill creek, one of a hundred Mill
creeks in Oregon. Their village on this stream,
about a mile above its month, was called •' Ka-
clas-co," and about ten miles up the Columbia,
at '-La Dalles'' proper, were the villages of
"Tekin" and "Wiam." Wasco, though a
pleasant name, and without any sinister signifi-
cance, seems to have been a corruption or con-
traction of some former Indian name, and to
have had a comparatively local application.

C'atsop county, immediately south of the
Columbia river, bears an Indian name, about
which there can be no dispute. Lev/is and
Clarke spent the winter of 1805-'()6 among the
" Clatsops," a few miles south of where Astoria
now is. From time beyond civilized record the
name has distinguished lx)tli a locality and a
people, and it will, with eminent propriety, carry
down the history of a once strong tribe of the
aboriginal people of this coast, to the latest
generations.

Coos county had its name from the Indians
that inhabited it on the bay of that name, if
indeed the Indians did not take their name
from the bay. It lies in the southwestern cor-
ner of the State, on the coast of the Pacific.

In the names of these counties and places we
trace significant intimations of history, as well
as political and social predilections, reminding
us that as the ancient peoples of the older
world left the mouuments of their existence
and changes on river and mountain, on altar
and battle-field, so these people, now decayed
and soon to be gone hence, left the monuments

(!^. :^ (^^c^^urJ.

HISTORY OF OHEOON.

241

of theirs on tlie streams and hills, and even on
the political divisions of Oregon. ,. ,"

fUDGE ElUSMUS D. SIIATTUCK, one
of New England's most honored sons, who,
by personal effort has arisen to prominence
and distinction in his adopted State, was born
in BakersHeld, Franklin county, Vermont, JJe-
cember 31, 1824. Ilis ancestry emigrated from
l}elji;ium to New England early in the eighteenth
century, locating at Pepperell, Massachusetts,
whence the different branches of the family
diverged. Uncle Nathaniel Sliattuck was a
classmate of Daniel Webster, and was a distin-
guished mathematician, and, later, was a compe-
tent lawyer and reliable adviser of New Ilamp-
ehire. Oliver Sliattuck, father of our subject,
and his worthy wife, Sally (Start) Shattuck,
located in Vermont, where his father followed
an agricultural life, and also was Justice of the
Peace ami Judge, in which capacity he settled
the grievances and estalilished principles of order
and justice throughout the community.

It was amidst these surroundings that our
subjecit passed his boyhood, pursuing his pre-
paratory course of study at the common school
and ISakerstield Academy. In 1844 he entered
Vermont University, at Burlington, pursuing
the full classical course, and graduating in 1848.
While in college, he was dependent on his own
resources for means to pursue his studies, and
during his vacations and also during some of
the school session, he taught school, having
either private classes in the village, or teaching
in the country. Notwithstanding these addi-
tional duties, he completed his college course in
the prescribed time, and graduated as third in
his class. He was then employed tor a year as
teacher of Latin and mathematics in Hakersfield
Academy. In 1849 he obtained a situation in
Georgia in the Newman Seminary, located about
twenty-five miles from Atlanta, and the follow-
ing year was likewise engaged at Laurel, Mary-
land. He devoted all his leisure hours to the
study of law, and on his return to the North, in
1851, he entered the law ortie« of I'armelee &
Fitch, of Malone, New York. In the spring of
1852 he went to New York city, where he en-
tered the oBice of Abner Benedict, where he
continued his preparatory atudies, and was
finally adnntted to the bar in October of the
same year.

While looking about for a place of settlement,
lie decided upon Oregon, which was, Ht that
time, almost unknown. Desiring congenial
companionship in the new country, he was mar-
ried, in Fletcher, Vermont, on December 27,

1852, to Miss Sarah A. Armstrong. Together
they embarked from New York, January 5,

1853, via the Isthmus of Panama, and arrived
at Portland, which was a small settlement in the
woods, on the fifteenth of February. They then
proceeded to Oregon City on a little river
steamer, paying $3 each for fare, and $1 for
each trunk. Air. Shattuck was principally en-
gaged during the next four years in teaching in
Oregon City, and also as Professor of Ancient
languages in the Pacific University at I'\)rest
Grove. In 1855 he was elected Supei'inteiident
of Schools in Washington county, and in 1856,
was made Probate Judge of the same coiiiuy
In 1857 he was elected delegate from Washing-
ton county to the Constitutional C^mvcntion,
taking an active part in framing the constiti
tion of the State. In the fall of 1857 he re-
moved to Portland, where he formed a p^irtner-
ship with David Logan, a brilliant lawyer and
pioneer of 1850, commencing here the active
practice of law. The J udge entered earnestly
into the duties of his profession, and was very
successful, soon acquiring a high reputation for
legal ai»ility and eloquence in debate. As a
resultof his increasing popularity, he was elected,
in 1858, to represent Multnomah and Washing-
ington counties at the Hual session of the Ore-
gon Territorial Legislature. After this, his
fame was established, and services were in con-
tinual deniand by his county and his State. In
18(51 he was appointed United States District
Attorney, and, in 1862, was elected Judge of the
Supreme and Circuit Courts for the Fourth
Judicial District. The latter office he held un-
til November, 1867, when he resigned. In
1874 he was again elected Judge of the Supreme
and Circuit Courts, and served until the re-
organization of the State Judiciary by the Legis
lative Act of 1878. In 1886, he was elected
Judge of the Circuit Court for Department No.
1, in the Fourth District, a position he still
acceptably fills. Besides these offices, Judge
Shattuck has served, at different times, in vari-
ous minor capacsities, doing able work in all.
He was at one time a member of the Portland
City Council, doing much to advance the wel-
fare of the city. He was for some time a mem-
ber of the Board of Directors of the Portland

b r

949

HISTORY OF OHEOON.

! t

School District, his exteiulod mid viiiied experi-
ence in thiit line, amply titling jiini to serve the
best intfrt'stis of the conininnity. Beinir a man
ul' I'llucation, we naturally tind him as one of
the fonnders and trustees of the Portland Li-
hrary, which has many thousand valnahle and
some rare hooks, on all snl)jects of possible
interest to any i>ne of its many sniisci'ihers.

Owiii^ to failing health, in 1881, .1 udge Sliat-
tuck took a brief respite from the arduous duties
of his profession, seeking in rural life a rest
from so many years of continuous activity. lie
purchased a farm of i3()0 acres near the metrop-
olis, reclaimino; KlO acres from the primeval
forest, for which this State is so t'ainoue, all of
which he has brought to a high state of cultiva-
tion. He has since sold a large i)art of this
property, hut still retains a country home, to
whose welcome retreat he frequently withdraws
to tind that rela.xation from mental ])nrsuits, so
necessary to all thus engaged, if a long life is
expected, or eminently satisfactory work desired.

J udge and Mrs. Sliattuck have four intelligent
and clever cluldren: Ira, Henry, Lucy and
Dscar, and two deceased.

Politically, the Judge was originally a Whig,
but, upon the organization of the Republican
party, became an ardent advocate of its prin-
ciples, remaining such until 1872, when he
favored the election of Greeley. At that time
he rail as Elector on the independent ticket,
since when he has been independent rather than
partisan, acting chiefly with the Democratic

In the distinctive feature of his life, that of
public service, he has won the confidence and
respect of his fellow-iuen, always subserving the
best interests of the communitv to the extent
of his ability. As a studious reader, jirofound
thinker and earnest, losxical talker, lu! is dis-
tinguislied. His mind is judicial in tone, and
the harmony between mental and moral forces
is complete. Iti civil and civil life, he is emi-
nently esteemed for unswerving fidelity and in-
tegrity, and for supreme justice tempered with
beiievolenc'j. No man has contributed more to
the establishment and maintenance of the high
character of the judicial tribunals than he, and
no one has done more to advance the material
and moral welfare of the community or the
State.

tOlilM .F. LAMB, one of the most energetic
young business men of Baker City, Oregon,
was born in I''ranklin county, Vermont,
August 1, 1852. His father, (4eorge \V. Lamb,
was a native of the same county and State, horn
l''ehrua''y 2, 1815, and married Sarah K. Dur-
key of the same county, horn February 17,
1817. They removed to Ohio in 1858, wlien
the subject of this sketch was but six years of
age, where he was reared and educated, lie
later engag;'(l himself to learti the trade of car-
penter, llis father was occupied in farming,
having bought land in Wood county, and there
his parents are living in the enjoyment of good
health.

Mr. and Mrs. Lamb were parents of four chil-
dren, as follows: G. O. and C!. E., who have ad-
joining farms near Minneapolis; Caroline niar-
ried Jacob Stalil and now lives near her parents
in Wood county; O. 11. is a farmer and holds
the office of County Commissioner of Wood
county. When Lorin was but twenty-one
years of age he had learned his trade and
worked in a sash and door manufactory in Min-
neapolis, and lived there until 1887, when he
came West and settleil in Baker City.

At this place ^Ir. Lamb engaged in contract-
ing and building and has erected ^ome of the
finest residences in this city, the one at the head
of Court street for Dr. Dodson, at a cost of $5,-
000, is a sample of his taste and skill. In Au-
gust, 1889, the Consolidated Lumber Company
of Baker City was organized with a capital of
$75,000, having as otticers, W. P. Crabill as
president, and the subject of tliis sketcli as one
of the directors. The company owns a large
manufactory for all kinds of work in wooii, and
have planing mills, also sawmills, taking their
lumber right from the growing tree on until it
is converted into doors, sash, blinds or anything
made of wood. The company owns a large
tract of timber land. Our subject is able to
himself carry a tree from the forest through
every stage until it tills its place in a house or
building of any kind. About 150 men are em-
ployed all of the time at a cost of some $400
ter day. The company has now connected
with their business that of woven wire fencing.
Mr. Lamb has charge of the manufacturing de-
pot of the mill as he is a skilled workman and
thoroughly understaiuls the business in all its
branches.

Mr. Lamb was married to Miss Anna E.
(Hack, of Minneapolis. November 15, 1885.

IIIHTOHY OF OHHOON.

948

She WHS born in Port Huron, Michigun, August
20, 18t)(i, and sliu and lier husband liave one
little girl, Myrtle B.. Iwrn in Minneajjolis, Oe-
tol)er 19, 1886.

At the ago of fourteen Mr. Luinb wont out
into the world alone, without means. All that
he posBcsses he has earned by his own persever-
ance and application to business, and in this
way lie is an example to others who may jjrow
up under the same circumstances. lie has
made of himself an important factor in the
business circles of Baker City, owns other prop-
erty outside of his interest in the mills, has a
beautiful city residence and is interested in some
very line mitief. Politically, he is a Republi-
can; socially a member of the Knights of Pyth-
ias a'id is V. C. of that order. As an item of
historical interest in this connection we may
mention that one of the members of the body
guard of General Washinj;ton was the great-
grai;dfatlier of our subject.

>.>>.{..i^»<

ti^ORRlN H. ANDREWS, one of the repre-
'it sentative fanners of Clackamas county, re-
^ siding on a tine farm one and a half miles
south of Oregon City, is a native of the State of
Ohio, born March 31, 1837. Ilis father, John
Andrews, was born in tiie State of Connecticut
in the year of 1801, his ancestors being early
settlers of New Kngland. His father married
Miss Charlotte Moore, a native of Massachuetts,
born in 18(.)2. Twelve children were born to
Mr. and Mrs. Andrews, eleven of whom were
reared to maturity, and all but four are now liv-
ing. The father was reared on a farm and edu-
cated in the Western Reserve (college of Ohio,
and became a Presbyterian minister and spent
his entire life in [ireaching the gospel of the liv-
ing God. This good man died in his seventy-
seventh year in Iowa, and his wife passed away
when eighty-four years of age in Florida, at the
home of one of lier sons. They left their cliil-
dren the heritage of a good name.

Our subject was the ninth of the family, and
was educated at the Hudson College, after which
he took a business course, graduating from the
Bryant & Stratton Commercial College in Chi-
cago. Since that time iiis life has been devoted
chiefly to farming. His first farm of eighty
acres was located in Mason county, Illinois, in
addition to which ho had town property and a
home in Mason City. From that latter place he

removed to Iowa, iti 18(iS, and |)ur('hased 320
acres in (!ass county wiiicii be iiriprovod. resid-
ing on it for eight years, during wliicdi time lie
made of it a valuable farm. Owing to failure
of health he was obligad to seM his property and
come to Oregon, making the trip in 1877. Af-
ter his arrival his first iioine was at Woodbnrn,
Marion county, where he resided fur live years,
endeavoring to recover his health. He then
came to Oregon City and purchased 145 acres
of land, which forms a portion of liis present
holdings. It was a portion of the old Vance
donation claim. Since this time he has added
to his possessions until he owns 382 acres at
this place, 220 acres near Oswego. Ai one time
he owned the 100 acre tract that is now the town
of Tremont, and he still owns 100 lots in the
town of Lorrinton, joining the town of Wood-
stock, — all suburban towns of Portland.

In 1805 he was married to Miss Maitha \i.
Phinney, a native of Massachu;etts, bom in
1840, a daughter of Dr. M. C. i'hinney, of
Maine. To this union three children have been
added: Charles P., at home; Lyman B. and
Henry A., at college in Corvallis. Mr. and
Mrs. Andrews and children are members of the
Congregational Church at Oregon (.'ity, in which
he is one of the Deacons. He has been a Re-

fjublican since the organization of the party, but
las not been a politician, as he has never sought
or desired office. lie and his family are very
highly regarded by all their neighbors, while he
is esteemed for his integrity and is entirely de-
serving of his prosperity, which has been brought
about by his own efforts.

[DWARD E. CONhEY, a jjrominent resi-
dent of Island (3ity, Oregon, was born in
Jefferson, Illinois, August 15, 1803, and
came West with his father when but a small boy
(see sketch of A. B. Conley). Our subject at-
tended the public school in Kansas during the
two years that his father resided in that State
and after coming to Oregon he entered the As-
cension school at the little town of Cove, later
becoming a pu|)il at La Grande University. He
remained with his father on the farm until after
he became of age, but in 1887 returned to Illi-
nois to pay a visit to his relatives for the first
time since he left there a small boy. During
this time he became acquainted with a charm-

244

niSTOHY OF OKKnoN.

Ill

I : P

iiij; vonni^ l»'lj'> Mi"* Koce Smith, to wliom
111' WHS luan'ifd April 12, 18S8. She wa* liorn
ill lllituiic, Novt'iiihcr 5, IStlO, u ihiii^'hter of
WiUiiiiii 11. i'.iiii Dicey Jane (Arnold) Smith.
Mr. Smith was born in Illinois in llSiiiJ. His
wife was born, Ft'bniary X. 18ii3, anil tlu' latter
died, An^\i8t IS, 1H8(\ luavinj; a fiiinily of six
childrt'M, Mrs. (\)nli'y boiny the seeond eliild.
Two of her lirothers are now in Orefjon. The
namei* of the Smith children are as fcdlows; lien;
Rose, I'rior, Lee, (Iiirren, Joliiiey, an<l Eva,
wife of Uidiert Katliiiifr.

The subject of this sketch is the third child of
A.J'), and .losiea Conley. He now owns 450
acres, 100 of wliicli is in small grain, besides a
stock of seventy-five head of horses, amon;^
which are some very tine imjiorted Clydesdale
horses. He also has some fine Durham cattle.
Jlr. ('onley is a very fine bnsiness man, although
he has been considerably assisted by his kind
father. Mr. Conley, Sr.. was confident of his
ability to manafje his own affairs before he en-
trusted him with so large an amount of property.
The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Conley has re-
sulted in the birth of his two little boys: Will-
iam Tiich Conley. liorn .lannary 25, 188t(; and
liurl Lee, born October 24, 1890. Mr. Conley
has serv<-d us Director <if his school district tor
the past two years. In jiolitics he is a Repub-
lican and is in a fair way to become one of the
leading men of his county.

--^^m^m^ —

JSAAC SELL1N'(t. deceased, who was for
many years, one of the most prominent anil
greatly esteemed merchants of Oregon City,
was a native of (Tormaiiy, where he was born
November 11, 1830. His parents were (Tcrmans
and his father was a reputable merchant in his
native land.

The subject of this sketch, when a boy, as-
sisted in his father's store, bnt at the early age
of si,\teen years came to the L'liited States. He
clerked for three or four years in New Orleans,
coming, in 1851, to Sonora, California, where
he eml)arked in the general merchandise busi-
ness. He continued successively in that enter-
prise for twelve years, when he sold out, and
came to Oregon City, where, in 1807, he en-
gajjed in the same business, in which he success-
fully continued until the time of his death, on
January 23.1890. He had been in active business
for thirty-nine years, and his success was due to

his energy, thorough knowledge of his business
to every detail of which he gave the most care-
ful scrutiny, and to his honorable methiiils, which
inspired rontidence, and enabled him tu build up
a large and hicrative trade.

He was mairied, in 1857, to ^[iBs Hertha
liarile, an estimable lady and a native of (ier-
many. They had six children, the widow and
a son and daughter, Kimun L. and Rose, now
surviving.

The business is still continued under the able
management of his son, and. out of honor to the
father, is still conducted in his name. The son,
Mr. Samuel L. Selling, is a native son of Oregon,
and reflects credit on the land of his birth, be-
ing strictly honorable, highly ).rogres8ive and
IK)s8essing a thorough knowledge of his business,
le was born in McMinnville, .1 uly Ifi, 18t)7,
being but eight months of age when his parents
removed to Oregon City, where he was reared
and educated, after which he was tborou;rhly
taught the mercantile business in his father's
store. His father early inculcated iii the son the
strictest rules of business integrity, by the con-
tinued practice or which, this young man lias
rapidly risen to a ])romiiient position among

j business men of his city.

j The Fatherland has sent to America many
superior men and women, who have been dis-
tinguished by intelligence, honor and morality.
All of these qualities met in a happy combina-
tion in the subject of this sketch, who died be-
niourned by all as a truly worthy and good man.

5SAAC WILSOX HERRY, Warden of Ore-
gon's State i'enitentiary, is u most capable
and courteous official, and is eminently fitted
for the position he occupies. He is a native of
of the State of Indiana, born at Delphi, Carroll
county, March IS, 1851. Alexander M, Derry,
his father, was born in Pennsylvania, of Scotch
ancestry. He married Miss Mary Ann Wilson,
and there were born to them in Indiana two
children. In 1852 Mr. I'erry crossed the plains
to Oregon, and engaged in mining in Jackson
county, and in Del Norte county, California.
After five years of fair success in this industry,
he determined to make his iioine on the I'acitic
coast, and sent for his wife and two children,
who made the jonrney by way of Panama in
1857. He continued mining for three years,
and in 18(50, removed to .Facksonville, Oregon;

UlarOHY OF illth'dOX.

•an

hcic lie piircl'iiHod l(i() acri-H of land i"iil tnniiMl
liiM litti'titi jii to iifrriciiltiirn. I'lii • I'liildruii
were uddtMi to tlif I'liinily itt'tt'l' tlii-y ciiiiio to
Oregcin. li*aiic Wilton Hcrry ih the uldt-st ol'
the tivo cliildi't'ii. lie was f^ivcn the advantage
of II good e<hiuation in the nchoolH of Corvallis.
and ill 187U Htarted out in life to meet itn re-
sponsiliilities on Iuh own aecoiint. lie followed
the vocation to wliieli lie had been reared, and
was a Piiecessfiil liuKbaiidiiian until 1887, when
he received the appointment of assistant warden
of the State reiiitentiary; ho served in this ca-
pacity tour years, and in 1891 was promoted to
the position he now holds. His wide experience
gained in theolliceof awsiitant has been invahi-
able to him; there he became llioronghly fa-
miliar with every detail of the iiianagei.ient of
this great institution, and has showi -iiperior
extentive ability.

Mr. Kerry was nnited in marriage Novembci
I'J, 187U. to Miss Dora L. Cardwell, a native of
the State of Iowa, and of this union two iiiter-
ebting children have been born.

fAi'TAIN J. W. GA\ON(t, of Company
F, Oregon National Guards, an e.steemed
native sc of Oregon, and an active l)ii.-.i-
ness man of Oregon City, was born in Cort-
land, October 1, 18fi2.

Hit, father. (Jharles W. Oanoiig, was born in
Toronto, Canada, in 1837, and is a descendant
of a French gentleman who came to the colonies
with General La Fayette, and who fought in
the Revolution. Tlie father of the subject of
our sketch accotnpiiiiied his parents to Missouri
in 1838, being then one year old. From there
they moved to New York, afterward reinoviiif;
again to St. Louis, where they remained until
1852, when they came to California, thence to
Oregon in 185!). Here their son (jliarles, father
of the subject of our sketch, married Miss F^liza-
beth B. Allen, a native of Missouri, and a
dauj^hter of Dr. William Allen, a prominent
pioneer of Oregon. They had six children, four
of whom survive, all living in Oregon City,
near which the parents also reside.

The Captain accompanied his parents to
(Jregon City when he was two years of age.
He was educated in the ])ul)lic schools of that
city, and at the age of thirteen was unusually
lara;e and robust, and commenced to learn the
blacksmith's trade, at which he worked about

six years, when he was given a position in the
I'ortland I'loiirin^ Mill as warehouse man.
After a year's faithful service, he was promoted
to the position of salesman, in which capacity
lie liH'! charge of the sale of the tloiir and leed
H(dd at the mill. After atmther year spent in
this Work, he became bookkeeper for the estab-
lishment, in which position lie remained for
five yars. He then became tin- agent of the
coni|)any, which position he now holds, enjoying
the entire confidence and the highest esteem of
the company with which he has been so nintiy
years.

On the organization of Company F of the
( )regon National Guards, he was one of the first
to join, and June 20, 1881), was appointed First
■Sergeant, in which capacity he served until
.\pril, 1891, when he was elected First Lieuten-
ai]t, which position he held until February 22,
18U2, when he became Captain. This company
is composed of sixty of the most vigorous and
bit-' iorineil young men of (Oregon City, of good
record and reliability. They are thoroughly
equipp(;d and uniformed, and are a credit to the
city. The Captain possesses t;reat physical
strength, makes a tine appearance, and can be
relied upon at all times and places.

He was married December 28, 1887, to Mies
Martha E. Field, a highly esteemed lady, a
native of New York, and of English parentage.

The Captain is an attentive anil thoronghly
experienced business man, is oiniiu iitly public-
spirited, taking a deep interest in the advance-
ment of his city and State, of both of which he
is deservedly proud, and is very popular among
his fellow-men.

?OHN KENWOKTHY, a worthy pioneer
of the Pacific coast, is a native of Leeds,
England, born in 1.S19. His parents were
.lames and Hannah (Pallisir) Kenworthy, both
Englisli, who came to the United States in
182(5, settling in New York, where they brought
up their six children to years of maturity.
Father Kenworthy was a spinner and weaver,
and a manufacturer of woolen cloths. In En-
gland they were Episcopalians. He died in
Pouglikee|)sie, and his wife survived him two
years.

Mr. Kenworthy, our subject, was reared in
I'oughkeepsie and attended the public schools,
learneil the trade of wood-turner and followed

34(1

nisTOHY OF ORKHON.

1: L

it !tio6t of tilt' tiiiif until liis tliirtv-fimrtii yt'ni"-
Tiiun lie ciiiiie to ('iiliforiiiii, uml at 81111 Fruii-
oIhoo lie wiin miiployiMl at his trndo. Liiter he
WHH eiiffit^TLMl ill rimning a siiwiniil iind floiir-
lliillt). ill Istio lie frtiiu* to Portland, anil was
np|ioiiituil Stcwanl of the Asylum for the In-
Hane, which iniiiortant ixisitioii of trust he held
tor niiK'teeii year", making a taithfiil an<l 11 1>-
rii^ht record, to which he has reason to look
hack with just pride.

He was fortunate enoiij;ii to foresee, to some
extent, the ;ir()wth and iniportaiice of l'ortlan<l,
and made judicious investments, which have
reunited in placing him in a position of inde-
pendence; and he has made numerous protitalile
real-estate transactions in I'ortlaii<l. During
Bome of his early purchases he hoiijrht four
blocks in Kast I'orthind, on L street, and from
Ninth to Kleventh streets, for 81,000; those
blocks he afterward sold, and they are now
valued at >>20,()()<l each, lie has retained con-
sidcrahle valuable property, erected a number
of buildini^s, etc., and in this way has con-
triliiited to the i;rowtli and development of the
east side of the city.

Mr. Kenwortliy was married in 1S75, to Miss
Mary L. ra.\toii, a native of New York, and
they have a daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Kenwortliy
occupy a nice residence of their own, on the
corner of Foiirteeiitli and East I'ine streets.
Jlr. Kenwortliy is a member of the Hoard of
Directors of the I'ortland Hospital, and he has
taken great interest in the same. For two years
lie served as its superintendent, gratuitously.
He is a memlier of the I. O. (). F. in all its
branches, and has represented the lodge at the
Grand Lodj,'e and also at the Sovereign (irand
Lodge, and he has also been Grand .Master of
the order for the State of Oregon. He has
long been a member of the Methodist Episcopal
(Church, is now a Trustee in that religious body,
and he has liberally aided in the construction of
their beautiful church edifice, — to the extent of
$ti.()()0. He is a worthy and reliable citizen, a
man of generous impulses, and enjoys the
esteem of a wide circle of friends.

ft-«+

r=|( > .. H^ i. fl^C §

^NDREW JA(MvS()N KNOTT, a worthy
and successful pioneer of Oregon, came to
this State in 1850. He was born in Ohio,
November 25, 1834, the son of Joseph Knott,

who was a native of New Jersey, born in 1H09,
of ancestry who were early settlers of the colo-
nies. Josepli Knott emigrated to Ohio in ISiU),
being op'j of the early settlers of Dayton. He
married Miss Elizabeth (). Wilson, a native of
Moninoiitli, .New Jersey, and hail six (diildren,
two of whom are living, namely: Mrs. E. J.
Finnicati, who resides in San Francisco, and the
subject of this sketch.

Mr. Knott spent the first fifteen years of his
lif(* in Ohio, Illinois ami Iowa. In 1S5(), when
tifteen years of age, he came v/ith bis father and
the family to (Jregoii, starting from Fairtielil,
Iowa, with ox teams, one of which .Mr. Knott
ilrovo across the plains. He Hrst saw the city
of Portland in the fall of I8,j0. This family
located at the town of ('anonville, in Douglas
county, and engaged in ii;iiiing and trading in
miners' supplies. At length tliey removed to
Sc'ottsbiirg, where they continued their trade,
and also engaged in _)acking supplies to the
mines. In 1854: the Knotts purchased l,(l()()
acres of land in Douglas county and engageil in
stock-raising until l^oS, when tliev sold the
land and stock, and came to Portland and en-
gaged in the butcher business in Portland, on
the corner of Ash and Front streets, which he
continued until 18(!0. Then he engaged in
mining in the eastern part of the State, and in
stock driving to the mines, following tliis for
several years. He still retains large and \alii-
able mining interests. In 18(il they purchased
the Stark street ferry, the lirst that was perma-
nently established across the Willamette river
at Portland, and tli's he has continued to own
and conduct ever since, in partnevsbiti witii his
brother. Their father die<l in 1884, ami their
mother died in 1874.

The parents always treated the Indians with
kiiidiiesr, and as long retained their good will.
Much of the trouble with the Indians, if not the
most of it, arose from the bad acts of white
men. Mr. Knott, our subject, knew the Indians
well andcould speak their hinguage fluently. He
often took an active part in suppressing Indian
outbreaks. Atonetime he was Indian interpreter
for General Lane, and his services as a soldier in
all the wars with the Indians was of great jervice
to the Territory ai.d State. He also made him-
self of much value 'o the early settlers in lo-
cating them on lanJs with which ho waa
familiar.

He is now largely iiii irostod in city property,
and in the new towns on the sound, where he has

UIMTOJi)- OF UHKdoy.

S4T

fiiitli tliiit the gidwfli will lie rapid. He Iihh
Wliilt tor liiiiiHelf and fuiiiily a tiiiu residence,
and liaH diiiie \\\» almre in hiiildiii;; up tho lieati-
tifiil (Mty ol' I'drtland.

He wan married in 1853, to MinH N[ary K.
TililiettH, a native of Indiana, and has iiad ideveii
ciiildrt'ii, three of whom are doeeased, all liorn in
Oregon, the liviiijr are named aH IoMowh: Annie,
wiio in now MrH. Frccl M. Slu|)hens; (iordon II.,
married and a burfiiie.-!8 man in Portland; Wal-
ter, married and living here; Mzzy, who in the
wife of I.nte CJ. MeCorniiek, residinj; in I'ort-
land; Mollie, who married .John \V. I'halon;
Harry II., (ieor^e (i. and Saila.

Mr. Knott is a man of f;enial and cordial die-
liofition, liheral and enterprifiiif;, eiijoyiiif^ the
contidetice and e.steem of a wiile cirele of friencU
in the State, of which he has sy long been a
rof-ident. ■ .

- ■^^€(§{:@^'^ —

fIIAI!LKS ]•;. LOCK WOOD, assistant
United State.n Attorney, is a native of the
State of IViinsylvania, horn at I'itthtield,
Warren county, June 14. 180(5. Hi,'* father,
Olvin A. Lockwood, was a prominent husiness
man and a loading merciiant of that city. His
motiier, liarbara (I)alrymple) Lockwood, was
descended from one of the old and distinifuished
families of tiie Keystone State. Mrs. Lockwood
died in 1871, and the following year Mr. Lock-
wood removed to Northtield, liice connty, Min-
l\eeota, where he was eniraijed in mercantile
pursuits for two y;^ars. At the end of tiiat time
lie removed to Oalifoi-nia and after living a sliort
time in that State, he settled in Roseburg, Oro-
gan. in 1876. In 1878 he located at Eugene,
where lie still resides.

Charles K. Lockwood is the youngest of three
children, he having two sisters, Minnie L. Wasli-
burne and Mrs. W. T. Eakin, residing at Eu-
gene. His ])rin)aiy education was recived in
the district schools of Minnesota, and later he
attended the common schools of California and
Oregon; he graduated from the public schools
at Eugene in 1881. and then entered the (.)regon
State Lfniversity; his studies were carried on
there, with some interruptions, until 188(5, when
he took up the Btu<iy of law in the office of his
brother-in-law, Judge George S. Washbnrne, a
prominent member of the bar; he studied law
and continued the studies of which he was

making a speciality at the university, until
,lamiary. 188D. when he was ap|pointed Clerk of
the I'ublic Land Committee ol the Oregon
Senate. In March, 1H><!), he resiiine<l his law
studies in the otHce of Dolph, Bellinger, Mal-
lory »fe Simon, at Portland and witli A. C.
Woodcock, at Eugeiu", and also took a course in
tlie law department of the Oregon State Uni-
versity, and later was graduated therein. Ho
was admitted to the bar in October, 188H, be-
fore the Supreme (Jourt at Salem, after which
he located at Portland and engageil in the prac-
tice of his profession.

Up<jn the recommendation of tiie United
States Attorney, F. I*. Mays, and the Oregon
delegation in Congress, in September, 18U(),
Mr. !,ockwood was appointed by the Attorney
General of the United States, Assistant United
States Attorney, for the District of Oregon, an<l
is now engaged in the discharge of the "luties
of that office. He has made a most efficient
officer, and is rapi<lly winning a position among
the prominent miMnbers of the bar of the State.
He belongs to Willamette Lodge, No. 2. A. V.
& A. M., and for several years has been an ac-
tive member of the Oregon National (inanl.
He is a young man of superior ability, and has
every pros|)ect of gaining protninence in his
profession.

IVRUS A. DOLPH, an eminent Jurist and
president of the Oregon State Har As-
sociation, is .a native of the State of New
Vork, where he was born, in Ilavana, Schuyler
county, on September 27, 1840. His ancestors
were originally from France, emigrating to the
colonies in the early history of the country, to
enjoy that liberty of conscience, which was
denied them in their native land. His great-
grandfather, Abda Dolph, was bom in Molten,
Massachusetts, in 1740, serving with distinction
in the Revolutionary war, as did also his brother
Charles Dolph, to whom Congress voted the
thanks of the country for military serv'ce.
Joseph Dolph, grandfather of our subject, set-
tled at White Hall, in the State of New York,
and there ('hester V. Dolph, the father of our
subject, was born, in 1812. Afterwaid the
family moved to a place called Do phsburg, after
the family name, which is in what is now known
as Schuyler county, in the same State. His

!• t

a48

HISTORY OV OUKGON.

11;

III

fatluT irinrrictl Klizii V^iiiilcrliilt, a native of
New \'i)rk, it iltscumlaiit (rf tliu VaiKliTMltH of
lliat city.

Our Biihjfct was (•(lncatc<l in the » .kkjIb of
liirt county, which lie left at the age of eiirhteeii,
after wiiieli lie taught in different i-cii'jols of liis
county (inrinj; 185U, l^^fiO and l.Htil. In tlic
i-pring of 18()'2, he enlisited in the Union army,
from which he was (lisehari;ed at Walla Wallu,
in Oftolicr. lH(i2, wiieriee he came to rortland,
wiiere he has (since rei-ided. While teaching,
he ticf/an the study of law, which he continued
in Portland, being admitted to the bar in 18t)6,
after which he practiced his profession in this,
his cluiscn city. In June, 18(59. without solici-
taliim on his |)art, he was nominated on the
Repuhliean titrket for City Attorney, being
elected by a large majority, lie served in this
capacity for t'iie full term of two years, his ad-
ministration )f the ottice being eminently satis-
factory to his constituents. In 1874:, during
his temjiorary absence from the city, he was
nominated by the Uepubli-.-an Convention for
tli(( Lower House of the Legislature, but de-
clined to become a candidate. Two years later
he was tendered the nomination for Senator,
which he also declined. In 1891, he was so-
licited to accept the appointment of (Jircuit
.ludge of the North Juilicial Circuit, and not-
withstanding he was unanimously indorsed by
the best citizens of the States of the Northwest,
lie respectfully declined the high lionor, feeling
that if he accepted, it would be a life work, and
would interfere with the plans which he hail
Muuked out for the future of himself and
lainily. Since his residence in Portland, he has
been ideiititied with most of the principal cor-
jiorations, which have been organized for the I
development of the inetrojMilis an<l State. He
is now vice-president of the Northern Pacific
Terminal Company of Oregon, oi' the Oregon
Improvement Company, and was one of the
founders of the Portland Savino;s ]>ank, also of
the Commercial National Hank of Portland, be-
ing for several years a director in, and the at-
torney for both of these banks. He was for a
nnmb(!r of years a director in the Oregon 6i
California Kailroad CJoinpany, and during the
years of 188;i and 1884 was the general attorney
for that com|>any. He was also a director in
the Oregon Uailwav it Np.vigation ('ompany,
from 1883 to 188U'

Since 1883, he has been the senior member
<d' the firm of Dolph, l!i?lling(M', Mallory &

Simo!i, all lawyers of reputation for legal
acumen and abilitv. Mr. liolph's professional
[iractice has been lucrative, anil he has largely
invested in the desirable property of the
vicinity.

He was married on June 24, 1874, to Miss
Eliza C!ardinell, a native of Canada, daughter
of (Charles (!ardinell, of Frencli-lliiguenot an-
cestry. They have three children, all born in
Portland, viz.: .Joseph N., Hazel M. and Will-
iam Vanderbilt.

He is a Kejiublican in politics, but being de-
void of political aspirations, has consistently
refused to allow himself to become a candidate
for office. By close attention to business, con-
scientious and persevering work, he has attained
an enviable jicjsition in his profession. In his
relations with others he is steadfast in friend-
ship, considerate of their feelings, scrupulously
careful of their rights, and conscientious in all
his actions and relations, and has earned the es-
teem, which he enjoys, of the community and
State at large.

s|M>^®Mh

S'^*|i=*"

ili. .1. J. FISHER, the pioneer druggist of
icj ^'"^ '^''y "^ Albina, now a portion of Port-
and, was born in \Ann county, Missouri,
in 1841. His parents, Daniel and Mary A.
(Chapman) Fisher, were natives of Indiana and
Virginia, respectively. They emigrated to
Missouri in 1837, and there Mr. Fislier passed
the rest of his life, engaged in agricultural
pursuits. After his death, which occurred in
1843, Mrs. Fisher returned to Tippecanoe
county. Indiana, where his family resided.

In Tippeciinoe county the subject of our
sketcli ai tended school and at the age of eigh-
teen began teaching. He worked his way
througli the Tippecanoe Battle Ground Insti-
tute, and had almost completed his course when
the war of the Rebellion came on in 18(51.

The following September he enlisted in the
First Regiment of the United States Mechanic
Fusileers, conunanded by Colonel J. W. Wil-
fon. This regimeiit was to perforiii mechan-
ical work in building bridges, barracks, etc.,
and was enlisted for three years. After they
had spent six months in building barracks at
Chicago, the (xoverninent wished to send them
to the front, a* 'vhich discord was engeiulered
in the regiin".'i .mci they were discharged. In

HISTORY OF iiliKddN.

249

thirty 'lay'*^ '''>* eoinpiiiiy !
mierrillii wart'ari Kentucky,

liis enlistiiii'iit h.i- iiiif expired. Iiii

lHfi2 Mr. Kirtlier iiifiiiii eiiliiite<l. this time for
!)eiiii; eiiiiiii^ed iii;;ain8t
"he liuK' of
rt'tiiinecl to
IiKiiunapolis and was iiiiistered out. lie then
went liome and, finding tiiat two of iiii- hrotii-
tM-8 liad enlisted for three yearn, remained to
take care of his mother and the family, and
airain engajjed in taacliing. In 18li5 lie en-
tered tile office of Dr. ('. Arifrol, at I'ittslmrg,
Indiana, and engaged in the study of medicine,
continuing with iiis preceptor until liStJit, in
the meantinie attendinif lectures at the Rush
Medical (College, Cliicafro. In 186!( he com-
menced practice at lro<iiiois, Illinois, where he
remained until 1871, when he removed to Cen-
tral CMty, Nebraska, and there continued the
practice of his ])rofe8siou until 1880. While
at Central City he served as (Joroiier and was
also an active memher of the Scliool Board.

[n 1880 Dr. Fisher removed to the Pacific
coast, and, after traveling extensively through
Washington and (Oregon, liecame interested in
the town of Albiua, and with the founding of
the town in 1883 he purchased his present de-
siral>Ie property at Nos. 84 and 8(5 liussell
street. Here he erected a two story frame
building and opened the Pioneer Drug Store
also continuing a general practice of medicine.
In 18(51 he built his present brick block, 50 x
fiO feet, three stories and basement, the two up
per floors being arranged for living rooms,
while below are two handsome stores, one of
which he occupies for liis drug business. With
the rapid development of the town and the ad-
vent of till electric railroad, his property has
increased ,n value many fold. He has also
made other valual)le investments.

Dr. Fisher was married at Pittsburg, In-
diana, in 18(59, to Miss (ieorgiana- Williams.
They have had two children only one of whom
is living, Daisy I}., wife ot Albert llillier.

The Doctor is a member of the F. & A. M.,
and of (^eorge Wright Post, (t. A. R. lie is
an active Republican, and in 1888 was elected
to the St.%te Legislature, where he served with
honor to himself and his constituents.

-<$-<

'<^^pi«®i:¥!*=#> -?=>-

jRS. SARAH A.TAI.HOT.-.-Abouttwo
miles southv.est of the city of Portland,
on the highest point of land in that
section, 1, .00 feet above the business portion of

the city, nmy be enjoyed one of the most sublime
vi(iws in ()regon, that State justly celebratiMJ
for its beautiful sceinu-y. In tiMut of yon, anil
as if at your feet, lit;- the beautiful and prosjier-
oliB city' with its 80,1)00 inhabitants. The Wil
lamette river sliimmer'* like silver in the siui-
light as it gently (lows through the city, in
the distance to the east, wnd northeast of the
liroad vallev with its two magnilicer.t rivers,
the Columbia and the Willamette, spreads out
before you those lofty mountains with I heir
caps of snow. Mounts Hood, Adams, St. Helens
and Rainier and away in the distance, nearly
sixty miles, are the Cascade mountains. Kvery
where you turn a scene meets your eyes, sel-
dom if ever equaleil.

On the top of this lovely point of land stands
the residence of Mrs. Sarah A. Talbot, the pio-
neer, who in 18r)0, with her husband, settlcci for
their donation claim, one square mile of thesii
beautif\il heights, where the has resided for the
past forty-two years, and the heigiits bear her
name. Talbot Heights. Mrs. Talbot was born
in Fairfax county. Virginia, May 25, 1819,
She wis the daughter of Joseph Plun)i>. The
ancertos's of the family came over to .Vmerica
from Kngland, settling iti Nisw Milford, Con-
necticnt, at an early date, and her grandfather
was a minute man in the revolution. Mrs. Tal-
bot's father married Kli/.abeth Marll, of Alexan-
dria, Virginia, of Scotch ancestiT. They hail
nine children, of whom Mrs. Talbot is tlie only
survivor. In 183(5 she removed to Monmouth,
Illinois, and there met her husband, John Ik'al
Talbot. In 1840 they were married. Mr. 15eal
was a native of Dighton, Massachusetts, and
was a soldier of the war of 1812, also a jiioneer
of Illinois, moving there with his mother from
Kentuckv before the HIack Hawk war, and acteJ
as inierpreter for the United States and Inilians
at the time of tlie treaty between the (iovern-
ment and the Indians, at the close of the war.
During all the war he lived on the farm he was
making unmolested and in perfect friendship
with the Indians, plowing bis field, with his gun
(in case of emergency) stra])ped to his ))ack.
The Indians visited him every day and shared
their veniso\i with him. They resided on a
farm in Illinois, six miles fi'om Monmouth until
1849, and there were born Vo them their live
children. One of these died, imt with the
others they started, March 25, lis4y, with two
wagons, five yoke of oxen and two horses to
cross the |)lain(- to Oregon. On the journey up

2.10

HlHTOnV OF OREOON.

I*!:

S.v

i
i

tint I'liittc rivi'i' lidtli In- and Mrs. Tiilhot were
Kii'k witli diolcra iiiiil liiircly >iirvivt'<l. The
cliililreii \v«rc all well; hut tliuy liad no desiri^ to
turn liai'k, with tlieni it was to do or die When
they arrived at the Dalles, the |dace, which con-
^^i^ted ot the inirssioii house and oiitlniildin<f,
had been lpi\rnt hy the Indians and was deserted,
only a mass ol' charred tiinher reniainiiii^. Tiioy
were alone, lint a livini; soul or lininan habita-
tion in sirjht. Th''y made camp and ))repared
for the night an well as they could. The ne.xt
day more imniif^rants came in, seven men in all
got to work building boats, in whiidi to float
down the Columbia; made the trcmes (d' the
b(rats ol' the runnini{-gear of the wagons and
boarded them up witl: scraps of boards from the
burned mission houses, tore up all the old cot-
ton clothes of the jiarty, dipped them in the
pitch tliey gathered ami melted from the fir
tree, and corked the seams with it. The boats,
three in all, they floated on the (unknown to
them) waters of the Columbia: their little effects
put on board, the parting with companions
made, the boats and seven uumi floated away,
dowti to V^ancouver, where all arrived safely,
while the family crossed the Cascade mountains,
amid many trials and tribulations and narrow
escapes from burning forests, all arrived safely
in the valley October 7, 1849.

There were a few families in the town and
Mr. Talbot did such jobs as he could find to do.
lie loaded vessels with piles and timber for
San Francisco. They built a small house just
across the street from the Congregatioiuil
Church, on Second street, between Madison and
Jefl'erson on the east side of the street. They
cut a large cedar tree on the jiroperty out of
which they made weather boarding. The lot
was sohl to raise money to open the canon I'oad
and Mrs. Talbot gave .§100 for the |)urpose. In
1851 they move<l to the Talbot Heights. At
that time there was plenty of land everywhere,
but they preferred it because of the healthfulness
of the locality. Then; was not a wagon road near
it anywhere. They buit a log hou.so and hail
everthing their own way uj) there all by them-
selves. Here they lived and farmed the laiul
while thd young city was growing at their feet.
From time to time for the sake of having
lu'ighbors they have sold a jKirtion of tlu^ latui,
at f.rst for.>i;l(lan acre 'in d later as high as ^200
an acre, but now it is valued at a great deal
more. A cable road has been built out in that
direction and runs iu twenty minutes and

it is to be carried u[) into her jjroperty. Then
a resident there will be able to reach tiie city in
fifteen minutes. There is a large fortune iu the
KiO acres which she still owns.

In addition to the five children born in Illi-
nois they hail two more, boiu in Oregon. The
eldest Son, Charles Heal, is now an architect and
draughtsman in the employ of the Northern Pa-
ciflc. Ileis alsoan artist ofability. (Jeorge resides
iu Washington (Mty; Alice T. married Xathaniel
II. Hird, and they reside in Portland; Edwin
M. resides at Coos Bay and is a boat-builder;
Henry P. is with his mother on her farm; <mi:)
the youngest, Ella, also resides with her nujtli.r.

Mr. Talbot died in 187-1:. He was a man oi'
high integrity of character and enjoyed the re-
respect of a wide circle of friends. Mrs. Talbot
retaing her vitality in r remarkable degree and
is strong and hearty. She has the respect of
the pioueers of the State and of all who have the
hoiujr of knowino her.

fOIIN W. WISDOM, a prominent farmer,
horse-breeder ami druggist of this county
is the subject of this sketch. He was born
March 15, 1840, in Randolph county, Mis-
souri, and received his only educationin the lit-
tle log schoolhouse in his native cminly. He
started out in life with the idea of making of
himself a good fanner, and to this end he rented
land, began to put into practice those rules of
agriculture which his boyhood on the farm had
taught liim were the true ones, and continued in
the same place until he had reached his twenty-
second bii'tl'ilay.

Across the plains to Oregon would now mean
but a plejisant journey taken with luxurious
ease, but in the day that he made the journey
it was a very different matter. When he de-
cided to make the tri[), like a good son he
visited his parents fn Trenton, Missouri, to bid
them farewell, after which he and his com-
panions started on the long journey, landing
(where is mjw located) Baker City, Oregon,
September f), 1802. Here our subject pitelied
his tetit, deciding that he had moveil far enoui'h
westward, but the most of his companions de-
cided to move farther ou iis there were no set-
tlements made in the valley at thai \\nw. Hero
Mr. Wisdom remained untd the spring of 1803,
when lie went to the mines iii Idaho, where he

iiisrniir or Diinooy

SAI

roiiiiiiiied until fjill. At tliis time liis parents
came on from Misst.iiri ami .•'to|i])('(l in IJoise
City- From this city they went into the mines
and scaiclied tor their -on until they t'oinid him.
lie then accompanied his father hack to liaker
county, in I'owder river valley, and t>ur snhject
located his parents there on a tine tract of
land, while he eniraged in teaininij; from Uma-
tilla to Hoise Citv, keeping it up from 1804 to
186(5.

In 18(37 Mr. Wisdom went into the drns;
bu.siness in Maker City, in wliich callini^ he has
since continued, havinir a very tine stock of
drugs and a very extensive trade. When Mr.
Wisdom oaine to Oroiron he possessed jnst
$6.75, after purchasing winter supples at the
Dalles. lie bought a pair of hoots for SC) and
had to |)ay a ferry cliarp;e hack to Piaker county,
which consumed his sc\enty five cents, thus he
was left jjenniless, and as may he innii;ineil, lias
worked hard to accumulate what he now ])os-
Ki'sses. In time he houj^ht a stock-farm, tour
miles from Baker City, which place he slocked
with hlooded liorses, principally trotters, and is
now one of the largest hlooded stock-hreoders
in the county. At the head of liis stud is
Chailenger l,()fi4. lie has a mile race-track,
with three large harns, wliere liealvvays keeps the
finest horses in the county, some of them hav-
ing a fine record. Bellenger, one of tiiose, is a
full brother to Procrastination (2:29), brother in
blood to Trumpeter, time 2:30^. Although
Bellenger has not l)een worked t'oi' speed he
has shown a full mile in 2:36. He also bred
fJhallenger Chief, 2:21. It is worth anyone's
time to visit Mr. Wisdom's farm and see what lie
has accomplisheil there l)y close attention to
business. lie is considered a very useful man
in Baker county and enjoys the esteem of all
who know hitn. His fine residence cost him
lO.OtiO.

The father of our ••■ubject, Thomas B. Wis-
dom, was horn June 26, 1814, in Kentucky,
but moved to Misaoeri at an early day. In
18()3 he came from (i undy county, four miles
north of Trenton, MisLOuri, to Oregon, where
he engaged in farming. He was married to
Miss I.ucinda Gess, March 22, 1836. She was
born in Kentukcy, July 21, 1820, and died in
February. 1865. " They had been the pirents of
twelve children, seven boys and five girls, of
which family our subject was the sec )nd child.
James T. is living in Baker City; Georgf W.
is a farmer in I'owder river vallev; M. D. is in

the real-estate .'ind trotting horse breeding busi
ness in Portland; W. .M. is a druggist in I'orl

land, while J. 1). is a bookkeeper in the sii

city; Sarah niftrried M'\ Carscui ami lives in
Lane county; and the lather at the a;,'e of
seventy-eight is living with his son, James, in
Baker (.'ity.

Our subject was married in .Fune, 18()8, to
Miss Mary Sturgill, who was born in Ivansas,
in 1853. lier father. John iSturgill, was one
of the pioneiM's of Kansas, having moved there
in the early days before the troubles on the
border, lit^ died in that Slater while Mrs. Wis-
dom was small. She has one sister now living
in Union county, t)regon. The family of Mr.
and Mrs. Wisdom consists of the following chil-
dren; Fannie K., Vesper A., Loys W., Mabi'l,
Glen A., J. W., Jr., and James Merton, the
latter the son of his lirother whom Mi'. Wis-
dom has reared. All of thesi- children are liv-
ing at home.

Mr. Wisdom's constituents have shown their
appreciation of his worth by making him their
Representative at various times. In 1874 ho
was elected State Senator from Baker county,
which position he held four years. In 1880, he
was electetl a delegate to the National Demo-
cratic Convention, held at (!iiu'innati, Ohio, at
which convention the great soldier, Windeld
Scott Hancock, was nominated standard bearer
of the ])arty. Since then Mr. Wisdom has re-
tired from further aspiration in a ptditical way,
confining himself to his business and tlie pleas-
ures of home.

: ALTER E. JACOBS, junior partner of
the Ashland Roller Flouring Mill, was
born in Maine, April 7, 1852, a son of
Kl)un 1^. and Emily P. (McKinney) Jacobs, also
native.- of Mi.ine. They are of English extrac-
tion, and their ancestors were early settlers of that
State. Mr. and Mrs. Jacobs were the parents
of five children, of whom our subject was the
third child. The family removed to Hudson,
Wisconsin, in 1855, where young W.ilter was
reareil and educated. He removed to i'liyallup,
Washington, in 1887, purchased property, which
he still owns, and was engaged in hop raising
about four years. His parents removed to that
State two years later, where they still reside.
Mr. Jacobs came to Ashland in 1891, |)urcha9ed

1 '*WV!

Hf" —

'iryi

IlIHTOliY (IK OBEQON.

hi '

;i|

h ;

M r

III

1 1

tl (; mill |»ro])(!i'ty hikI Ix-iran ojici-iitiuii. 'V\\\a
old liiiiilmark was crectcii in 1S54, by A. 1).
Ilelliiiaii and liiii assoeiates, at a i-ost of sl5,()00.
'I'lie |iro[)(!i-ty has cliaiioiMl hands several times
since, anil Nnveniher 1, l"i«i:i, became the estate
(if Messrs. .lucoiis it Virf^in, and they have
made si^veral <diaM;/es and inijjPuvemeiits. The
mill is rnn hy water power. an<l the overshot
wheel has lieen chanifed to the more modern
and eeonomical seveiiteen-incli turbine, with
thirty two foot |)ressiire, also annexing a large
titorehiiuse on one eiile and wareroom on the
otlier. The various changes necessitated an out-
lay of some ^2.S()0. The mill has a large trade,
and reaches South as far as Uedding, California,
besides su|)])lyini; the surroundinj; counties and
mining settlements.

»\[r. Jacobs was married Iti Wisconsin, Octo-
ber 28, 188'), to Miss Ida 0. Smith, a native of
that >Stafe. Thoy have an interestiuij family ot
tliree children; (-teorjiiana M., Eva M. and
Trixey 1'. Politically, our subject attiliates
with the Republican j)arty.

ILLIAM W. G R (MI A M, an honored
J Oreifon jiioneer of 1847,and an esteemed
i*"Si^ farmer of Washington county, is horn
in Mc.Nary county, Tennessee, Novemt)er 7,
1821. Ilis father, David (iraliam. was a native
of Xortli Carolina, who married Miss Margaret
Parks, a native of the same State. The ances-
tors of both families emigrated from Scotland to
Ireland, and from there to the colonies in Amer-
ica. Six children were born to them in Tennes-
see, and when our subject was six years old the
family removed to Indiiiua. where they resided
two years; and then to Illinois, where the par-
ents rermiined until death.

In 1838 our sr.oject removed to southwest
Missouri, and remained there five years, working
by the month, receiving $10 wages per month,
and fifty cents |)er day. From there he went to
Wisconsin, but in 1841 removed to low^a,
where he took uj) 160 acres of (Toveriiineut
laud. Me was married .Viignst 26, 184(5, to
Miss Catherine Marion, a imtive of Tennessee,
born September 15, 1826, daughter of Samuel
Clarion. The April following the marriage they
started with ox tean>s to make the long journey
across tlie plains to Oregon, a single brother of
Mr. (Tr;\liani cominy; \vith them. They experi-
enced the trials and privations incident to the

journey with ox teams across the plains. Al-
though they started on the 2t!th of Aj)ril, they
did not arrive at Vancouver until the 7th of
November. Mrs. (rraham came down the river
it) the bout, while Mr. (iraham drove the stock
along the bank. While they had only a tent
for a shelter, winter came on and Mr. Graham
was takiMi down with the measles and cam|)
fever, and until he recovered from these he was
not able to build even the little shanty he after-
ward put up, hence their lirst winter in Oregon
was very uncomfortable and they sutt'ered a
great deal. In the spring, Mr. Graham came
out to where IJeaverton now is and engaged in
work, hut in the same spring, 1849, our subject
left his wife at Oregon City and went to the
gold diggings in California, and mined on the
middle fork of the American river. He ob-
tained some gold here, his largest day's work
being wortli ^83. In August of that year he
returned to his wife, bringing his gold dust with
him, and then took up the d(jnation claim on
which he has since resided. Here he built a
little log house in the forest and began the life
of an ()regon farmer. On his 640 acres he
worked hard and his industry was rewarded
with prosperity. As the years went by he be-
came the owner of a very valuable farm. Tiie
date of his location on the place was November,
1849, and here Mr. Graham built a sawmill
and conducted it \n connection with his farm
for a number of years, running it until 181)8.
The log house had given away in the meantime
to the substantial frame house of the well-to-do
agriculturist. Mr. Graham has added to his
income by buying and selling land, and also by
loaning Ins surplus money. All his life in
lolitics he has been a stanch Democrat and
las tak(Mi a great deal of interest in county
affairs, his ability and judgment being so appre-
ciated by his party that they madc^ him their
candidate for County Commissioner. This did
not result in his election as his party was in the
minority, although he received a tiattering
vote. On August 25, 1861, their only child
was liorn to them, wlnuri they named William
P. To this son they have given good educa-
tional advantages and ho has always resided
with his parents, although in 1888 he married.
The lady of his choice was Mrs. M. Cox. a na-
tive of Iowa, born in 186,3, a daughter of Mr.
Calvin Kaiser. Mr. (iraham and son arc carry-
ing on general farming, and have a large and
paying hop yard. The subject of our sketch

iiiaTORY OF uiiKdoy.

3i»

liiio iimilf it ^(iip(l icconl ill Ori'ifoii, Imviiig liouii
one of tliu firs'; S(^ttlers in tlm suction, in vviiicli
lie iiHs iiice resided. He is a tlioroiif/hlj well-
inl'ornied iimii, and kind and oi)lii{ing to his
neighbors, ninong wlioin he lias a reputation for
sterling honesty, and no words (jf ours could
give him a better reputation.

M. WILLIAMS, an entprj)rising resident
of Kugene, was born iiiGreeiibriercounty,
f» AVest Virginia, September 1-t, ]>i3<J.
His parents. Klijah and Klizabetli (Iledrick)
Williams, were natives of the same county, and
there their ancestors had resided since the early
settlement of the country. Mr. Williams re-
ceived his earliest iustrinttioii in Virginia, and
completed his education in Ohio, where he took
the place of an educator at the age df eighteen
years.

He enlisted in the service of the United States
at llaym.irsvilie, Ohio, in lanuary, 18t]2, be-
coming a member of ('om))any 1, Forty-eif^hth
Ohio \'' hintecr Infantry. (Jolonel Sullivan in
command; the regiment was sent tu the l)e|)art-
ment of Tennessee, and the first engagement
was at Shiloh; after this battle Mr. Williams
was taken seriously ill, and was honorably dis-
charged in December, after which he returned
to his home. He was married at llaymorsville,
Ohio, October 8, 18(iU, to Miss Sarah \i. Thomp-
son, ami with the pirlial recovery of his health
he resumed school teudiing; he followed tiie
profession in the public schools of Ohio, Iowa
and Nebraska until the spring of 1880. At this
period he took up agricultural pursuits in Fre-
mont county, Iowa, but four years later removed
to Dawson county. Nebraska, where ho con-
tinued the same occupation until 1887. lie
next embarked in the mercantile trade at Cozad.
Nebraska, and operated a store until 1880, sell-
ing out in that year. Soon after making this
cliange he came to Oregon, and surveying the
country from Fuget sound to Sacramento, he
locatiul at Fiigeiic where he l)uilt a factory and
engaged in the manufacture of shingles; after
otio year, however, he sold out, and began to
establish a real-estate business, handling all
elasse- of insurance, loaning money, and per-
forming the duties of a Notary Public, having
Iteeii appointed to this office in 1890.

Ml' Williams resides at the corner of Twelfth
and QilliHrd streets, where lie [lurchased a home

in 1880. lie and hir- wife have reared a family
of four children; Carrie. .John K-.-Jaine- A. and
Nellie F.

For twenty-two years Mr. William- lia^ been
a member of the Masonic order, firet joining
Bethel !,odge. No. 01, at Hethel. Ohio; now a
member of Kugene City Lodge. No. 11. A. F ii
A. M.; he is also a member of J. W. (tcarv
Post, No. 7, (i. A. It., and at the present time
fills the ofKce of Commander. This is the second
Post in the State in point of numbers outside
the city of Portlan<l. having 111 memlMTs in
good standing. i'oliti<-ally, our subject is iden-
tified with the liepublican party, liaving ca«t his
first vote for Abraham Lincoln in ISOO. In
his religious faith he has JKjen a con.iinteiit
Methodist since his fourteenth year.

— -^••^^-^

11 E CO M M E KC I A L NATIONAL
HANK of P(jrtlan"l. Oregon, was organ-
ized on .lanuary 1, 1880, with a "-apital
stock of ^100,000. Two years later, the stock
was increased to !pl5(>.O00.' In May. 1^01. the
capitiil stock was again increased, tin- time to
§250,000 surplus and profits *17.j,(K)0. it* de-
posits being >il,()82.'.ii8.70 and itt> total re-
sources being. 82,155,807.99.

Such figures explain themselves, and show a
wonderful and successful l>usine«s care«'r of
only five years, and also shows the popularity
of the bank, and the estimate that itn |>atruns
have of it and its management.

The officers are: D. P. Thoinpson. president:
Frank Delnini, vice-president; U. L. Durham.
cashier; F I]. Langford, assistant cashier.

^t^-^

tON. DAVID P. THOMPSON, one of the
representative business men of Portland, is
a native of (3hio. He was born .Novem-
ber 8, 18.S4, and nineteen years later, in 1853,
came to Oregon. He began business in Ore-
gon (Jity, where he remained for twenty years.
being engaged in surveying. He ma'le most
of the surveys of Oregon, Washington and
Idaho. He was Territorial (rovernor of Maho
ill 1870, resigning that position to come to
Portland to engage in general banking, fie
was president of the Oregon Coiisf ruction Co-.n-
pany. that built a large portion of tlie line of the
Oregon Ilailroad ^^^vig.'^tion Company, which

ji-'

854

nrsTORY OF OREGON.

' III

l-l

oHico luf lilli!il fur yciii's. Iltv scrvud in tlic
Fii'isi Uufjiirit'iit of Oruf^oii Voliiiiteuib fi'oiii
1801 until the closi^ of the war, sit first as I.iuii-
teiiaiit of C;()iii]iaiiy K. later heinj,' jiroinoted to
the (.'aptaiiK^y (if tliu ('(impatiy, >erviiij,' in that
(•nnai'itv for two yuart-. He was eliM'teil prcsi-
ilent of the I'ortlaml Havini^s i'aiilv, serving
from 18S0 until 188('). When the Coniinerciai
National IJank was oriranizeti, lie resigneil. to
take the pref>iilency of the latter institution, and
was elected \ i('e-|iresident of the Sav'ini;s Bank,
which position he still holds. lie was nominated
liy the UcjiuliliciiM party, and elected to the State
Senate. .s(.'rvini,' from ISOS until 1S72. He was
a niemher of the House in 1878 and 187!' and
also in 1888 and 18flO. In the latter year, he
was nominated for Oovernor of the State, but
was defeated. He has twice hcen elected
Mayor of the city of I'ortland. He iuis been
enijaired in many business enter|)rise8 in the
city and State, among which is the Willamette
Falls Electric liight (;oin])any. lie is vice-
president of the Oregon llailroad Navigation
i'ompany, and for several years president of the
Anderson Stock Company; president of the
Farmers' and Traders' Hank of Pnllmaii, Wash-
ington, and liank of .lohnston, Washington,
and a director in various other banks of Oregon
and Washington. He has been a member of
the School I'oard of the city for the past eight
years, and president of the Portland Husiness
College. He was one of the Blaine I'residental
Electors in 1884, and has just received an ap-
pointment as Minister to Turkey, for which
position his accjuaintanccs regard liiin as well
(pmlified.

He was married in 18151 to Miss Mary R.
Meldruni. and they hav(^ threi. children; Ualpli,
a son, and two daughters. Beetle M. and (xen-
eviva.

Mr. Thompson has built several blocks in the
city. He is an iiotive business man, very quick
in his decisions, accurate in judgment, and lib-
ci'al in his methods; he is full of business en-
terprise and push. In contemplating the busi-
ness men of I'ortland, the source of its impetus
and cause of its phenouienal prosperity is read-
ily discernible.

— '^■m-M^'^ —

|[i r M A N S. woo D. a citizen of Weston.
9T^ I'matilhi county, Oregon, was born in
•jjp* CHnton eountv, .New S'ork, August 17,
1837, being the son of Nathaniel Wood, a na-

tive of Vermont. Tin.' latter was married to
Miss Alametla Cochrane, also a native of Ver-
mont, living at (iraiid Isle, where the marriage
occurred. Nathaniel removed to Xew Vork in
183-1. and to Iowa in IS-tfi, when that State was
a wild country. He carried on farming there
until 1857, when he removed to Minnesota,
wluu-e he died in 1875, at the age of seventy-
eight, his wife following him to the grave the
ne.xt year, at the age of seventy-three. They
wore the par(<nts of ten children, our subject
being the seventh, who, with four other.'', are
now living.

Our subject received his schooling in Iowa,
removed with his parents to Minnesota and re-
nniined with them until the outbreak of the war.
First he enlisted in the First Regiment, Min-
nesota Infantry, in which lie served three years
and was discharged. At the expiration of that
enlistment he entered the First Minnesota
Heavy Artillery, serving until the close of the
war. He was discharged at the close of the
war, liaving seen four years of service, and es-
caped without a scratch or having been taken
prisoner, .something unusual, in view of tho
many battles in which he was engaged.

Mr. Wood was in the very front throughout,
having participated in eight hard-fought battles,
besides any number of skirmishes and smaller
battles, the most notable engagements being
Bull Run, Ball's Bluff. Siege of Yorktown, An-
tietam, Fredericksburg. Chancellorsville, Gettys-
burg and Bristow. During the first three years
he was a private, but at the time of his second
enlistment was made First Sergeant and was
finally honorably discharged, with the record of
an earnest, brave and true soldier.

Our subject was married in May, 1867, to
Miss Frances (\ Lansdale, a native of Ohio,
who, as has been said of all the gii'ls of the
Buckeye State, had a warm place in her heart for
the brave defenders of her country. She was
the daughter of A. H. and Mary C. Lansdale,
natives of Maryland and Ohio, respectively,
who removed to Minnesota before the war.
Mr. Wood lived in Minnesota until 1808, when
he went to Iowa and farmed, in the western
part of that State, until 187~, when he emi-
grated to AVeaton, Umatilla county, Oregon,
which has been his home ever since. He was
appointed Postmaster of Weston, in 1878, dur-
ing the administration of President Hayes, and
has hail the honor of Imlding it t^ver since; his
service being so .satisfactory that the Democrats

fci

-■'.ti

/Iisni/ty OF itiiKdoN.

dill not wisli for a cliango iliiriiig the acliiiistra-
tioii of I'ru.sideiit Clcvelaiicl.

In connoetion witli tlif ])ost olHce he has a
stationery ami insiiraiicu hiisiiicss, and the three
i^ive liiin anij)le einploymeiit. He lia> ten acres
of very valuable land near Milton, which he is
preparini^ to set to fruit, besides other valuable
town property at Weston, inchulini^ his resi-
dence.

\rr. and Mrs. Wood arc the pai'ents of five
children, namely; Kdith. the eldest, a bright
and lovinir daughter, who died in 1S88, aged
nineteen years; Clark, employed on the report-
ial staff of the East Oregonian, at Pendleton;
Eva \j. and H. f^. S., twins; and A. L. The last
three live at home with their parents.

Mr. Wood is a mtiiiber of Neirley Post, No.
4o, of Weston, being Past Ooininander. lie
is also a Worshipful Masl^er of the Masonic
lodije. No. 08, of Weston, haviuij held that
otKcc for five years. In politics he is a ll(?pnb-
lican and strong in his allegiaii"e to that party.

iKOItUE W. ilOUCK, a jjrominent farmer
and stock-grower of Henton county, has
been connected with the best interests and
development of this section of the Willamette
valley since 185(). In all his business relations
he has been very successful, engaging in stock-
raising since 1874, makinga speciality of sheep,
goats and cattle. His son, (ieorge, is associated
with him, and they own a large tract of laiul,
located near Monroe, Henton county, and some
1,800 acres ailjacont in Lane county. Mr.
llouck's individual property consists of 100
acres of land, near Corvallis, which is the home
property. Si.\ acres of orchard and one acre of
young prune trees further improve the place,
which is one of the fliu'st in that section. He
also owns .500 acres id' land near Monroe, 100
acres of which is devoted to grain-growing and
the remainder is in |)asture and timber. On
this land Mr. llouck has an undeveloped quarry
of unlimited (juantity. The ^tone is a dark
granite in hue and withstands the attacks of
heat, cold and dampness, witliout oi'umbling,
takes a high palish, and for monuments, as well
as for building purposes, probably is not snr
passed in the entire United States. The quarry
is located some twenty miles sontliwest of Cor-
vallis.

In pastyears Mr. llouck has been prominently
identitied with the business circles of Corvallis.
He engagetl in the liijuor business an<l did a
heavy business from 1S71 to 1874, and he ami
his son carried on a mercantile business until
they were li!)rm;d out in 1884.

I'ho subject of this sketch w;is born in Mana-
yunk, i'ennsylvania, January 'I'l, 18)50, but was
reared in Seneca county, Ohio. His parents,
John and Margaret (Kutz) Ilouck. W(U-e natives
of 0(!imany, who came to AuKM'ica in 1828.
Our subject was the tiftli in the family of seven
children born to tlmse parents. When a young
man he learned the shoemakers' trade, and came
to California, via Panama, in 1852, by steamers
•'Ohio" and "Northerner," res])ci!tively. Ho
engaged in mining in Shasta and Trinity coun-
ties until 18")(), l)eing fairly successful. He in-
invested his earnings in farm property ami stock
upon his arrival in Oregon, and this |)roperty
has bcfcn added to until be is one of the largest
land owners in this section of country. In 1884
Mr. Ilouck was elected County Commissioner,
serving two years.

Mr. Ilouck was married in BentoTi county
July 22, 1858, to Miss Deliah Young, wlm
crossed the plains from Missouri with her j)ar-
ents in 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Ilouck are the par-
ents of si.x children, three deceased, namely:
Margaret K., who died in 1800; John F., in
1871, and Agnes A., in 1884. Those living
are: Jesse J., George A. and Linn A.

In political matters iMr. Ilouck is a stanch
Democrat, and lie and his family are earnest
members of the Catholic Church.

>(J\. F. M. JOHNSON, a widely and fav-
orably known public man and an esteemed
citizen of Corvallis, Oregon, was born in
Mra'lford county, Pennsylvania, May 21, 1841.
His parents wore Charles P. and Margaret (Cole)
Johnson, natives of Massachuetts and Co?inccti-
ciit, respectively. The father was born in New
Bedford, and bis father. Captain Hoswell John-
son, was a native of Wales, and was a jti'ominent
seafaring man.

The subject of this sketch is the eldest of four
children, of whom he is the sole survivor, the
others having died when young. The Hrst ten
years of his life were passeil in his native coun-
ty, when he removed to Potter county, where ho

350

lllSTour (IF (lltKGOX.

!' ! !

iittumlcil >c;l ')ij1, CDiiijilt'tiiiM; his LMliii'iitioii iit the
IMyssc.^ Aciuleiiiv of that cipiiiity.

His lifi' thus |iii^H<;il (jiiictly iiiiil hupjiily, liii'l-
inii hiin hiihh'il with coiicri'iiiii! niusiiits, wlien
lie wiiK stui'tiiMl hy the civil coiitli(!t, wiiich shook
our conu'.ry t'ruiii center to circiiinfurence. In
18'il ho enlisted us a private in Oonipariy 11 of
th(^ Tliirii Michif^'iin (Rivalry, shortly al'terwanl
beinji pi'imioted to the rank of a non-coinniis-
sioneil iillicer, ami, on account of (lisahility, was
(lischari;;e(l iluriiijf the same year.

After his retirerniuit from the army he en-
f{ageil in teaching; in Madison, Ohio, where he
lemained for a year, lie then returned to Pot-
ter eoun , where he folhiwed merchandisinjtr for
a time; later, hecominir principal of Ulysses
Academy of that county, iti which capacity he
acted for two years. He then studied law under
the aide pr(!ceptorsliipof the Hon. Isaac Henson,
an eminent lawyer and noted politician. In 1870
he was admitted to the bar, and commenced the
])ractice of his profession. Th;. next year he re-
nujved to Tekatnah, Hurt county, Nebraska,
wheie he practiced law for eight years. During
this time he was elected to the State Legislature,
in which lu' served one term, lie acted for a
couple of years as Chairman of itepublican State
"Central Committee, and in all these capacities
displayed sujierior ability and the highest integ-
rity of charactcu'.

Mr. Johnson was first married in I'otter coun-
ty, Penn.sylvauia, on August 13, 1865, to Miss
Celia A. Burtis, a native of the Keystone State,
andadaughterof the Hon. Judge Woolsey Hurtis.
They had two children: Burtis W. ; and Rose M.,
now the wife of Milton Xelmes, of San Francis-
co, California. This happy marriage, however,
was destnied to be of short duration, and the
faitliful wife and devoted mother died Decem-
ber 4, 1871, leaving her family and many friends
to mourn her untimely taking away. She was
a lady (jf superior attainments and retinement,
and possessed many charn.s of person and char-
acter, and was greatly endeared to all who knew
her.

While residing in Neliraska Mr. Johnson
was married, on November 13, 1873, to Miss
Fannie A. Ray, an estimable lady, and a native
of Illinois. By this marriage there are three
children: Marian R.. Lucy M. and Fannie M.

Politically, Mr. .lohnson is a stanch Repub-
lican, although not active in politics, his time
and attention lieing absorbed bv his numerous

private att'airs. lie. naturally, takes a deep in
terest in eiliutational matters, and is ati etiicien'
member of the Board of Trustees of the city
schools.

lie is socially a prominent and esteemed
member of the (i. .A. R., Ellsworth Post, No. I'J.

Of superior intelligence, rare executive abil-
ity ainl unerring judgment, combined with ex-
alted ])robity of character and a genial, cordial
disposition, he is eminently fitted to oecu})y a
j rominent position in the world. With such
knight errants of brain and brawn to champion
her fair cause, what wonder that the beautiful
State of Oregon has in so short a time reached
the foremost rank among the glorious Sister-
hood.

^*x<

i-^i^^^f^^^i

«*-

fAMKS SlMONT()N,of Vansycle, I'matilla
county, Oregon, one of the pioneers of the
Coast country, was born in I'erry c.jiinty,
Pennsylvania, May 4, 1831, the third of seven
children, lie was the son of Dr. Thomas and
Klizabeth (Baxter) Simonton, both natives of
Pennsylvania, who removed to tJoliet, Illinois,
where the Doctor practiced his profession, who
went there in 1850 and died there four years
later, at the age of sixty-four years. Mr.
Simonton lived until 1872, wdien he died in
Minnesota, at the age of sixty-three years.

Our subject attended the common schools of
Pennsylvania, and when j]old j enough, studied
medicine under his father, but never attended
lectures at any medical college; hence has not
attempted to practice the profession, although
he has done the ])racticing [in his own family.
Upon the death of his father our subject had
the entire care of his mother and the younger
children. He removed with them to Minnesota,
remaining there until 1862, when, having con-
cluded to tiy his fortune in the great Northwest,
he, in compariy with other jnen rigged up an
ox cart, and started across the plains. After
a toilsome jourrjy of six months they arrived
in British Columbia, and lived there four years.
In 1860 he wejit to Baker City and engaged in
mining, in which he was very successful as long
as he worked the placer mines; but fortune not
coming fast enough to suit liim he went to
quartz mining and built a mill. The ore proved
of little value and he soon lost all he had made.
Undismayed, ho workeil in the mines four-

nitiTdUY Oh' nliKcnS

357

ttion yciirs. liicii went tn Wiilhi Wiillii viillcy iiml
l)()Ui,'lit II t'ai-iii, wliicli lie ('(MMliicti'd until \HS\,
when lie came to Uiiintillii coiiiity, and tocik n|)
a lioiiR'Htead of Itid ncrus, to wliicli lie has Hiiicc
added 160 more, liesities niiniiig some stock,
Ilia avcraj^e amiiial croj) of grain is alioiit 200
acres.

Wiion ill crossini; the |)lain,s iMr. Simonton
reiiclied White Lake, !;e traded liin ox and cart
for pack horscrt and went over the mountains
that way. rjion arriving at the cache of ]{iish
Tate ilones, a tra])per then widely known, he
turned loose hiw horses, . built him a canoe and
floated down the l'"raser river to the head
of navigation on riiis river, having very
little trouble; iiuleed he never had any trouble
to speak of with tiie Indians, as he preferred a
com|)roniise to iii^hting. In pa.saing down the
river his provisions gave out and he was brought
down to one meal of half rations per day, but did
not fare as ill as a company of iive, which were
belated, three of wiiom froze to death, and the
other two subsisted on the tlesh of their dead
comrades. There were loO in company when
they started, but hud to divide u|) in small com-
panies on account ,;i food and wa'er being
scarce, all of whom got tiirongh safe, oxcept the
party above mentioned and two otlu^rs wlio were
drowned.

When he arrived in Umatilla Mr. Simonton
was "broken up" financially, being $1,500 in debt.
I?uf he 8ucce(Mled so well in farmintr that be is
out of debt, has a good farm and is able to live
at his ease. He has always lived a single life
and is inclined to continue so, declaring he is
getting too old to think of marrying.

W. COX LEV, a prominent farmer and
stock-raiser of I'liion county, Oregon,
^^ was liorn in Nashville, TtMinessee, Jan-
uary 11, 18;37, the seventh child of Archibahl
and Anna Coidey. natives of Virginia. Mr.
Conley was a tanner by trade, which occupation
he followed all his life. When a young man be
married Miss Anna Harper, a native of North
Carolina, after whicl-, 'veiit ho removed to Ten-
nessee, lived there until 1840, then removed to
.lefferson county, Illinois, where he followed
his trade until his death, in l!s7li, at the age of
eighty years. ,\[rs. (>onley died in ISdo, aged
sixty-Hvc years. They reared a family of ten
children, all of whom l)ut two are still living,

jirctty well -ciitteicd over the country, one bo-
iiiir in Idaho, one in <'allfornla. one in Kansas,
the rcf-t in Illinois, wilh the e\ception of our
subject ill ( )regon.

Oiir subject was married in Illinois to Miss
.IoImi IIup]ier, born i:i .letl'erson county, Illinois,
.lanuaiv Itl, 1S41. She was the daughter of
.loshiia llopper,a native of Tennessee and I'olly
(Smith) I lojiper, of the same State. Mrs. Hop-
per died in IM-l;?, when Mis. Conley was but
two years old, leaving four children. The father
of Mrs. Conley died in 1H(U, at the age of tifty
years, and now Mrs. Conley lias but mio sister
and she lives in Illinois.

Mr. Conley moved to lCaiisa> in 1872, re-
mained there two yeai's, but his mind and at-
tention were attracted by the West, and in 1874
he fitted up four wagons, cfjuipj)ed them with
outfits for travel and started on the long and
perilous journey to the coast. The trip was
made in three months, they coming through
almost alone, having as comiiaiiions but one
family. They experienced no ill fortune and
arrived safe in (Iraude Uonde valley. Mr.
Conley had enough money to purchase 040
acres of land, for which he paid sJ^.oC) an acre.
Since that time he has added to his farm until
he now has in one body 8,000 acres, making in
length along the road by bis house a distance
of seven and one half miles. All of this land
he has fenced and crossed fenced, divided into
pasture.-; and fields, with the old fashioned rail
fencing and has given employment to hundreds
of men splitting rails and making fence. In
1802 4,000 acres were planted to wheat, oats
and barley, he using 5.000 bushels of grain to
seed the land. He farms all this land himself,
giving employment to from fifteen to seventy-
tive men all the year round. Ho has houses on
different portions of his jaiui and endeavors to
employ men with families. He has one black-
smith employed by the year. Mr. Conley raises
on an average about 100,000 bushels of grain
per year, keejjs from 000 to 700 head of horses
and cattle all the time and works from four to
twenty-four head of horses in a team at a time,
has all liis own reapers, bindei's and threshers.

Mr. Conley and his sons have some very tine
imported Clydesdale horses, one mare weighing
over 1,800 pounds. Tht^ value of his land is
about §30 ]ier acre, all aniunil. Ho has been
very successful in lite. When he married he had
two horses and an old wagon, liiit he says that
it seems as if everything he handles turns to

i-ss

niHTony of hhkoon.

iiiiiiioy, Mr. (^<iiil(*_y Ih a very iinufsiiiiiiiif^ iiiHti,
taki'H tlu' worlil ciirtily, is iieviT in a imrry, i»
^iMiiiii ami ]iiciiMiiit ill lii^< iiiaiiiici-s iiml Ih vnry
liL'iit'vcili'iit; altlu)ii<^li iKit a ('liill'(;li iik'iiiIiim', Im
always ready to lu'lji ciiiircli wort;, <'c)iitril)iitiiig
vviiciiovor (Niiis are iiiaile upon liiiii. Tlio Iniiiiiy
of tour cliilreii are as t'ollowti: Matiide CJoiiley
Miller, .1. .!.. K. K.. an tatiier uiid lias taken much of the
iiiaiia^eiiii'iit of the lari^ct farm into hin own
liandn. The daiijjiiter is married, as are the
two ol(l(M' soiib. An interestiiii!; incident oeeur-
red at one time while his two son and wives
were liviiij^ with him. both sons became fathers
within only an hour's diU'erence i.i the ages ot'
their heirs. The grandfather proposed to tliein
that as they were so near to l)eing twins that if
he were jiermitteil to name the balties he would
f^ive each of the sons 40*) acres of land and di-
vide the stock i'(|iiallv into three parts. The
sons took up with the proposition and he naiiuvl
the two boys "Mip" and "Tuck." They then
went out and drove in all the stock of about
801) head and commenced the division. The
oldest son took the first choice, the second son
tlie second and the father the third.

Mr. Conley never had a lawsuit in his life
and if he evei' had any difliculty he always set-
tled it if he coiiki and if they could not agree,
called in iiciighbors to arbitrate, lie was never
in partne'ship with any one in his life; has al-
ways given his boys a good chance, permitting
them to raise stock and tiade it it they wished.
The son, Frank, although only twenty-one years
of age is worth !?5(),0()() he has made iiiinsolf.
Mr. (yonley is a liepublican in politics, and has
always eiuleavored to live a peaceable life, say-
ing that lit! could not aH'ord to have any enemies.

^\-

I^ON.JOIIX W. (iUIM, an honored Ore-
^^ gon pioneer of 1847. now deceased, was
^^ born in the State of Ohio, , I line l(i, 1820.
lie was of (ierman ancestors, who were early set-
tlers in the State of Virginia. The names of
his parents were .lacob and Martha (Walker)
(irini, liotli natives of Virginia, who removed
to Ohio and later to Illinois. They had a
family of eleven children, four born in Ohio and
seven in Illinois. The father di(;d in hiseicrht-
ieth year.

Our subject, .John, was the eldest child and

WH8 eleven years of ii^c \\'\w\\ they removcti to
Knox county, Illinois, where he was reared to
manhood in his home and attended the common
schools taught in the little, log schoolhoiise in
Ohio and afterward in Illinois. Aiigii.-t Iti,
\H\ii, 111! was married to Miss Frances Kmaline
(leer, a native of ( )hio, born September 10. 1021,
the daughter of Joseph (J. (ieer. Three chil-
dren were born to this marriage: lx)is, 15yron
and N[artlia, and with his little family our sub-
ject started to cross the plains to Oregon, April
7, 1847. There was (|uite a company, as all of
the family of Mrs. (iriiii came along I'.xcept the
two oldest bons of Mr. (ieer, who had preceded
them. Of ('oiirse the journey was beset with
groat danger, but they met with no inisfortuiie
on the way and ariiveil safely at I'Vench I'rairie
in Marion county.

At this place he purchased a donation claim
of (i4() acres, of land, jiaying for it ^iiOO and
upon this property he bi^gan the life of the
(Oregon pioneer and resided up(jn this property
forty-four years. Here he laliored, planteil a tine
orchard and in 1852, he built a good and sub-
stantial mansion, the one in which the family
now resides, and it was one of the best in the
State when it was built. He had been one
year only in the State when gold was discov-
ered ill California and with others of his neigh-
bors he made the overland trip to the gold-dig-
ings of California. The journey was made with
pack animals and they wcri a month reaching
tlieir destination.

This journey to the gold niir.es was one beset
with great danger, as every printed record of
those days tells, so numerous that it would not
he possible within the compass of as short an
article as this history can give, to i)ublisli.
When within a mile and a half of Sutter'r-
Fort they made caiiij) and five of the company
were sent on to prospect on the American river,
while the others were to get ready for the win-
ter's mining and (jur subject was one of the party
which went prospecting. A few days after they
had left, the boys in charge of the cuiip met
with .lames AV. Marshall and also Cajjlain Mer-
rick and they both ailvised going to .Moniieluinnc
river for winter mining. This was some fifty
miles south nf Sutter's Fort. They liroke camp
and started in tlu! direction of the mining desig-
nated. After traveling for a day they went into
camp and concluded to remain until the pros-
pectors had returned. While thus waiting
news was brought to them that the little party

nisTiiliy OF nil hums'.

(if [ii'os|H'ct<ii'H had liccii siir|ii'iHcil l)y ii liirj^o
iiiiiiibi'l' III' IikIIhii^. Tilt' iiltiick wa^ iiiailc in tlic
iii;;lit while nil wi'i't^ aslcej), that a Mr. Li'\vin
wurt killt'il, a Mr. (iriiii wati liiully wduiiiIimI; ().
S. TliDiiia and II. Ally slightly so, while A. .1.
\'aiif»liii was the (inly oni* who uscapcd unhiir'.
A iialfdd/.cn (iT thu hest horscH wcri! at once
sucldlt'il and two of tho iiiun at (Hice net oll'to the
relief of the party with iiif(|ii'inu and liaiidiif^et-.
They found that Mr. i.ewi.s had hecn liuricd
where he had fallen; Mr. (Jrini had received
three wounds I'min liarbed arrows and one of
these had pierced the cavity helow the shoulder
lilade, but l»y slow, short marches they reached
eotnfortalile ([uarters near (iold Hill on t\w. Mo-
quehiinnc where our su'ijeet remained until mid-
winter. Of course ho was unable to work, but
an e(jual share of the ^old washed out by the
others was weijirhed at the close of the day's
work and put in his buckskin bag.

■■"iiially, .Nfr. (Jriin, accompanied by Mr. Will-
iam VVhity, returned home by way of San
[•"rancisco and it was after this that he was
elected to the first Territorial Leijislaturc. and
the foUowinif year he was made County Coin-
inissioner and ex otHcio County Judj^e, serving
two terms. In 1H58 he was chosen as one of
the Senators from Marion county, serving in
that capacity until 180^ and aj^'ain in 1878,
serving until 1882. Mr. Grim was well and
favorably known through his life in Oregon.

Our subject during life was a man who took
ft deep interest in the public affairs of liis State,
was pre-eminently a worthy citizen, a reliable
friimd. an intelligent, thoughtful man, a leader
among his people. His opinions were askdl
and relied upon and his fellow-citizens placed
the utmost confidence in him. In politics he
was r. Republican, and during the time that the
Union was endangered his voice and intlueuce
were in favor of the (ioveruTiient. lie was also
a member ot the Masonic fraternity and highly
valued in the brotherhood. His death occurred
.lanuary 18, 1892, when in his seventy-second
year, lamented by the whole county.

lieside his two children mentioned as having
been born in Illinois, eleven more were born
after removing to Oregon, and they are as fol-
lows: William T., a farmer residing near, and
has four children; Thurston resides at Hutte-
ville and has three children; Isaiah, residing in
Portland; Kdwin and Edgar were twins, the
latter married and resides in Portland; while
the former resides at home and is the manager

of the farm; .lohn W. is also on the farm;
Mary iiiarried .Mi'. Ileni'\ i!eebe and resides
fieiir by; Ralph (!. resides in Clackamas county
and has mw child; Alice is luiw Mrs. Dr. S. W.
Weaver and resides near home and has two
children. Thert! are thirty grandchildren in
the family.

Mi's, (irim is iidw in her seventy second year,
a liright and iileasant lady, enjoying goinl
health. She is a good representative of the
Oregon pioneer woman of 18-17 and she jxis-
Besses the love and respect of her numerous
family as well as of hosts of warm frieii(l8.

fOIIN KIIITS, oncid' the reliable citizens of
Washington county, Oregon, and an Ore-
gon pioneer of 185U, was born in .Mont-
gomery county, Indiana, May 15, 1880. The
ancestors of the family wt're early Bettlcrs of
the State of Pennsylvania, where his father,
Zaclmriah Kirts, was born. He married Miss
Klizabetb (iranrey and they had a family of
fourteen children, seven sons and seven daugh
ters, but Mr. Kirts, our subject, is the only sur-
vivor of this numerous family of sous.

In 1837 the father of Mr. Kirts removed to
Iowa and was a pioneer of that State and in
1852 he emigrated to Oregon, bringing with
him his wife and eight children. They started
May 7, and were seven months on the journey.
At that time Mr. Kirts was in his twenty-tirst
year and he drove one of the teams for his
father. The team was an ox team and our sub-
ject had the ])leasnrc of walking most of the
way. His brother Levi, a young man ot' twenty-
three, died on the plains of mountain fever and
was buried at the foot of the ISlue mountains
at Leo's encampment. Two f)f the sons-in-law
stopped at Oregon ('ity, but the family wintered
in Portland, and Mr. Kirls and his brother
Christopher came to Washington county and
sto])ped where Greenville is now, at the house
of Mr. Arch. Wilkes. Here they worked for
Mr. David Monroe at rail splitting and pastur-
ing cattle, and thus they put in the winter.

The father of Mr. Kirts settled on the land
in Washington county, where our subject now
resides, and on this projierty the father and
mother resided until the time of their death.
They were Methodist jieople and led honest,
honorftble and (jood lives, and the father died

IMAGE EVALUATION
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Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14580

(716) 872-4503

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960

lUSTOIiV OF OJthtlOA'.

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April (i, ISIil. and tlie inotlier's deiitli occurred |
Aiif^ust 15. 187(). Mr. Kirts rutiiiiiiie<l witli
Ilia piiriMitrt until the time of theirdeatli. When 1
the t'lithcr bouijht the hind he went into deht i
s75U, Imt the son worked and iiiiju'oved the
t'ari7i and paid the deht. payinj; twenty per cent
interest. Wiien the family reached here there
was hut seventy-tive cents in the family purse.
Wheat was worth >!iJ per liushel and Irisli pota-
toes were thesaiue. Tliose'were days of scarcity, j
of which they had never <lreaMied in their |
pjibtern home, hut almost all their neighbors !
were as badly oif. ;

Our subject was married November 7, 185!), j
to Miss Kunice Marsh, who was born in Michi-
j;an, March 21, 1838, and was the danirhter of
Joshua W. Marsh, who hail come to Orej^on in
1858. The children of ^[r. and Mrs. Kirts
numbered twelve, as follows: Charh^s W.. died
in his second year, September (5, 1801; William
A. is now. now a merchant and resides at Cedar
Mill; Elii'ot W. was born July 12. 18t)3, and
died December 0. IH(]3; Vidilla A., married Kl-
bridge 11. Dickius and resides at (tale's Creek;
Wilbur S.,is a farmer and resides on (tale's
Creek; Lev S. was born Kebrnary 2'J. 18(58, and
ladied July 2 181)9; Kdith V. is now a jonnir
atdy and resdies with lier jmrents; Ezra A. is
1* home also; Elva E. is tlie wife of V. 15.
momeroy and resides one mile north of l.innton,
engaj.^ed in the dairy business; anil lodel I..,
Ilnhla E., and Sarati (i. are at home.

Mr. Kirts lias been enrraged in f^eneral farm-
iiifi; and has ])rospered. He has im])roveil the
old liomestead and atlded 1(10 acres more land,
(iri-cnville stands upon land wiiich he owned.
Roth Mr. Kirts ami his wife are members of the
( 'Ongrcj;atioual (Jhurcli and he is one of the
Deacons. Since the fbundinjf of the party our
subject has been a Uepnblican, and for thirty'
years l;e has been a member of the Masonic
fraternity. It should not be forgotten that Mr.
Kirts is also an Indian war veteran as ho volun-
teered in thi^ war of 18r>5 - '5<i. [le has always
been a hard working and indutrious nuiri, up-
rijrlit in his character and commanding the es-
teem of all who knew him.

^ENNETII A. J. MACKENZIE, M. D.,

one of the most widely known and most

able prot'ossioiial men in Oregon, was born

Cumberland House a trading pist of the

Hudson's Hay Coini)any, in Manitoi)a, Canada,
on .lanuary 13, 186i(. His ancestors were from
lloss Shire, Scotland, wlu»re they had lived for
generations as landed ))roprii'tors. Throngii
the influence of relatives, connected with the
Hudson's Hay Company, Roderick Mackenzie,
father of our subject, was induced to come to
Manitoba, in 1845. He entered the emj)Ioy of
the company as a clerk, but his sterling char-
acteristics and industrious habits were soon
apparent to the company, and his promotion
was rapid and continuous until he became a
chief factor in the matiagement. He was mar-
ried at Ued lliver settleuient, to Alisi: Jane
MacKenzie, who is remotely descended from
the same ancestry, a woman of many graces and
pleasing ijualities of mind. After twenty-five
years of diligent service. Mr. Mackenzie was
placed upon the retired list, and iu)w resides at
Melbourne, in Eastern township, Canada.

The subject of our sketch, in company, with
an elder brother, was sint, when he Was seven
years of age, to Jedimrgh, itoxboroughshire,
Scotland, where he entered the .Vest Academy,
which is an old and celebrated preparatory
school. Here he remained for five years, when,
on account of the death of his brother, and his
own ill health, occasioning much solicitude to
his parents, he was recalled, joining his parents
at Lacloche, which was an important post of
the Unison's Hay Company, situated on the
north shiire of Lake Huron. After recovering
his health, his education was continued at the
High Si;liool, Montreal, and at the Upper
Canada College, of Toronto, which latter school
is regarded as " the Eton" of Canada. At the
age of seventeen, he began the study of medi-
cine, at McCtill L'niversity, Montreal, where
after a four years' course, he graduated with
honor, as valedictorian of his das'-., with the
degrees of M. I)., (!. M. Desiiing to further
prosecute the study of medicine, l)efore engag
ing in practice, he went to Edinburgh, Scot-
land, where he attendtul the lioyal College of
''hysicians and Surgeons, receiving there the
degrees of L. li. C. 1'., L. It. 0. S. and L. M.
After t'.iis, lie continued his practical studies
in the /iondoi'' and llniverpity (College Hospi-
tals of Ijondon. Me the:, went to Paris, Her-
lin and Vienna, seeking by study, observation
and jiraotical experience to still more add to his
knowledge of thvse two great and noble profes-
sions, medicine and surgery. Exhausting thost;
sources of learning, he Hnally returned to his

nrsfnitr of onKaos.

aot

hoiiie. It was at this time tlmt through a
geiienil corrcspoiidencn lietwceii liis t'atlier and
Donald Macleary, of I'orthmd, lie learned of
the advantagea ottered by tiiat city to a young
man of ability and energy. Without delay, he
proceeded to Portland, where he arrived in No-
vember, 1882. He at once entered upon tlie
practice of his profession, and his Huccens, from
the beginning, was such as to attract tiie atten-
tion of the oldest and ablest practitioners. His
success in surgery has been equally marked,
and there have been few cases requiring super-
ior skill, in which he has not been conspicuous.
He was elected, in 18S:{. to the chair of Anat-
omy, in the medical department of the Willam-
ette University, and later was elected to the
chair of Theory and Practice, which he tilled
for several years. With the organization nf the
medical school of the Oregon State University,
he was elected to the cliair of Theory and Prac-
tice, of which institution he became a faithful
and zealous supporter. He is a member of the
Oregon State Medical Association, of which ho
was elected president in 1887, an honor never
before accorded to one of his years. He is also
a meinl)er of the Portland Medical Society,
which he earnestly and actively supports, as far
as his professional duties will permit. He has
performed many operations wliile surgeon for
the Northern. Southern and Union Pacific rail-
roads, but his increasing practice rendered it
necessary for him to resign from their employ,
now being engaged merely as consulting sur-
geon for the (Tnion Pacific Company, at Port-
land. He is on the staff of St. ^^incent Hospi-
tal, which was the starting-point of his surgical
work in Portland, in which institution he takes
a deep interest.

He was married in I'ortland on January 'J,
188G, to Cora (Hardy) Scott, daughter of Pliny
Hardy, a distinguished lawyer, who <iuring the
war was Secretary of the State of Louisiana.
They have had three children: Ronald, Jean,
and Parbara.

He has just completed a hamdsome and com-
modious residence on the corner of Nineteenth
and Hoyt streets, where he now resides, one of
the most substantial and attractive residences in
the city, and tiie first one constructed entirely
of stone and slate. This beautiful place is sur-
rounded by tastefully laid out and attractive
grounds, altogether making a suitable home for
persons of refi.ioment and culture. Few in the
flush of youth have made such rapid strides to

fame and the road to fortune, but, as in the
case of the oak, his growth and success is due
to sturdy (jualities, inherent and acquired.
Coming of a family of intelligence, he was en-
dowed with that quality as a i)irtliright, whicii
by fostering care and abundant opjiurtunities
for culture has been happily brought to a suc-
cessful maturity.

JPSENItV HUNTEK, one of the buihlers of
aM) the beautiful Sunnyside of Portland is a
*^S/ native of N[assaclnisetts, born May 2o,
1835. He is a son of James (t. Hunter, of the
same State, whose father, Ja'iies li unter, was
born in Scotland, and came lo America iiefore
the Revolution, wa.-« a soldier in that war, and
his wife's house on State Street in Boston, was
the last of the old houses taken down to make
way for the large now buildings. She lived to
be 103 years old. His son married Sarah Wood,
daughter of Thomas Wood of English ances-
try, who came to America at an early date and
were also participants in the Revolutionary war.
James Himter had ten children, eight of whom
are still living.

Henry was the fifth child and was raised and
educated in his native State, later he learned the
trade of carriage-maker. In 1855 he I'enioved
to Wisconsin and followed his trade, speculating
successfully in lands and stook. When the great
war broke out he enlisted, April 1, 18(11, in Com-
pany K, Eighth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry.
In August, 18()2, he re-enlisted in the Twenty-
Fifth Volunteer Infantry, but was afterward
transfered to the Fifty-Tiiird Regiment and
served until the close of the war. He was
mustered out, August 29, 1865, and retired to
his home and engaged at his trade and in fur-
nishing supplies to the lumber camps on the
Chippewa river, Wis(!onsin, and continued in
this business until 1878. when he came to the
coast and settled at Dayton, Washington. Here
he engaged in farming and stock-raising, and
invested in valuable tracts of land there. He
came to Portland, in 1890, bikI invested in
property at Sunnyside, where he is now doing
a general real-estate business together witli
loaning money. Sunnyside is a beautiful
tract on the east side of the Willamette river,
on the motor line that conveys you in ten
minutes from the center of the city to this de-
lightful spot. The moter runs every flfteen

V! |1

\-u

tirsTOUY OF oitKdilS.

iiiinn\;e. Sunnysiile is 150 feet aliove the
lnii-ii;j»s |iortiuii of tin- city, ami » line view is
obtained from its iieights of tlic cit}- iinii fiie
snrrouiuliiig country.

Mr. Hunter is a ineinbur of (it'orf^e Wrigiit
I'ost, (i. A. M. of I'..rtlaM(l.

lie was niarrietl in 185-4. to Su.san II. Sentes.
of Dcrry, \e\v Ilainpsliirc. Her family is of
Kn^lisli ancestry. Mr. anil Mrs. Hunter iiave
iiad seven children, six of whom are living;
The eldest, a daughter, Ida, is the wife of C. H.
('risinger. of Chicago; Anna, married .M. A.
Maker of ISeattle, a prominent attorney there;
Frank is a contractor in Portland; Karl is in
the iifiice with his fatlier. and the two youngest,
i.cla and Matie are at home.

The firm of which Mr. Hunter is a member
is II. Hunter iVr Co. Mr. Hunter has built a
fine home in Siinnyside where ho is last be-
coming; surrounded by neighbors. I'.e is now
comiiletino; a block for stores tikI a hall to
accommodate the secret orders of the town. He
is a IJepublican, ami was ("oiinty Assessor of
Columi)ia county, Washington, two terms. He
is among the good, solid business men of this
great city.

[ILAS F. SCHIFTUHE, an intelligent and
progressive resident of Oregon City. Ore-
gon, and fhejunior member of the flour-
ishing firm of Wine.set & Scripture, manufac-
turers of carriages R.'id wagons, and undertakers,
of which firm he is the ])ractical iron worker,
was born in Iowa. May 10, 18fil. His father,
•lames Scripture, was a native of Canada, where
he was born in 1830, coming to the IJniteil
States when a child, since which time he has
continued to reside here. He married Miss
Catharine Clark, a native of the State of Indi-
ana, and they had four chihlren, .Mr. Silas Scrip-
ture being tlio oidy survivor. The mother died
A])ril 1^8. I8t')(). leaving her family and many
friends to mourn her loss, to whom she was en-
deared by her many Christian virtues and
generous actions, which were prompted by "a
loving heart. The father, later, married an es-
timabh? lady, who assisted him in the care of
his young family. They had two childi'en.

The suliject of our sketch was raised and
educated in his native Slate, where he early
learned the blacksmiths' trade, at which he
served for three years. He then worked as a

journeyman in several of the Western States,
and in ('alifornia. from which place he came to
Oregon (.'ity. where lie worked for a lime for
his present partner, who is also his brother-in-
law, wluMi he fimilly returned to the Fast.

In 1888, however, he returned to this city,
and purchased a half interest in the ijusiness,
in which he has since remained, meeting with
tlattering success. The firm enjoys an excel-
lent reputation fr>r reliable work and honest
dealings, and has a large and growing trade of
the best class of citizens.

On May 12,1889. he was married to Miss
Uachel F. Forrester, an estimable lady, and a
native of Clackamas county, who is a daughter
of Mr. Thomas Forrester, an esteemed Oregon
pioneer of 1850. She ami Mrs. Wineset are
sisters. Mr. and Mrs, Scripture have one ciiiUi,
Albert M.

Mr. Scripiure is a liepnblican in politics, and
takes a commendable interest in the atl'airs of
his State and country. Socially, he belongs to
the Knights of I'ythias, of which he is a re-
spected niemlier.

Thus is briefly stateil the most prominent
events of an eminently busy and usefid life,
whose intelligent etforts liave been rewarded
with prosperity and happiness.

fAPTAIN PHILIP JOHNSON was the
first authorized pilot of the Columbia
river, and was boin in Newburyport, Mas-
sachusetts, in 1820, and was of the fifth gener-
atioi\ born in the old homesteao which is owned
by the family descendants. His father, .lames
.lohnson, was a distimiuisbed figure in the war
of 1812; he married .Miss Charlotte Adams, of
revolutionary fame. Losing his father in child-
hood, at the age ol twelve years, young Philip
struck out in life, first as assistant in mackeral
fishing, and later upon the bark '• Autumn,"
the first vessel to nnike a whaling cruise to tin-
Art ic seas.

He then followed the sea in vessels, trading
with the West Indies and Kuropcan jKjrts. At
the age of twenty years he had arisen to the
|)o8ition of mate. During the Mexican war,
we find him upon the war ship " North Caro-
lina," coi'imanded by (^a|>tain Winslow. later
of tlu^ '• Ivearsarge." Ucturniug to Hoston in
1848 the brig " Forest " was fitting for San
Francisco, and Mr. Johnson engaged for the

irt!

;j' ;

-^iiwijijaas^^HC

IIIHTORY OF OHEaoS.

iWi

voyage as mate, carrying out a gmiunil i-arf^o
for trading. Duly arriving off Monterey they met
tlie MisHionary boat, a topsail Beliooner called
" Honolulu,'' and from them learned of the dis-
covery of gold in C'alifornia. Continuing their
voyage they entered tiie harbor at San Francisco
in tlie spring of 1849, the city then being com-
posed of a few adobe houses on I'ortsmouth
square.

Our subject falling in with Mr. Sutter, and
little anticipating the future of tiiat city, they
him a little scow for $2,500, taking pay in
pinches of gold dust, the scow having cost about
twenty-five dollars in the East. The sale proved
to their disadvantage, as later in discharging
their cargo, they needed the service of this boat,
and in return Sutter ciiarged them §200 per
day. They subsequently erected upon Clarke's
Point the frame house which they brought out
for drying of hides and therin stored their
cargo, and our subject then took the crew and
went to the mines, but he soon returned to San
Francisco, and his vessel, which was subse-
quently sold to a com|)any from Oregon, com-
posed of Governor Abernetiiy, Robert Priest
and Mr. Lee, of Oregon City, and they hired
Captain Johnson to sail the brig, paying him
$500 per month.

They came to Oregon in ballast and entered
the Columbia river without a pilot, Astoria
then being composed of the old log house occu-
pied by the Hudson Hay Company. In ascend-
ing the river, soundings were taken as they
progressed and about twenty days were expended
in reaching Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where they
lay about three months, awaiting a cargo of
lumber and potatoes, which were taken to San
Francisco anti sold at $350 per thousand feet
and potatoes at fifty dollars per barrel.

In the fall of 1849 Captain Johnson en-
gaged as mate with Captain George U. Flanders
on the bark " Ann Smith," carrying mail and
passengers to California and continued for sev-
eral trips. Early in 1850 he engaged as pilot
with the Hudson's Bay Company, and the Ore-
gon Legislature granted him the first pilot's
" brnnch " issued by the State. The first steam-
boat he piloted to Portland was the "Colum-
bia,' and it took three days to reach the city.
Captain Johnson has continued in the discharge
of nis duties, an(l although upward of seventy,
his force and vigor is unabated. For years
he has served as harbor master of the
Port of Astoria, for which ho is eminently

fitted. He was married in San Francisco in
1849, to Miss Mary .Vnn Davis, a native of Eng-
land, who came to California iii the same year
in asailing vessel. In the early ihiys in < )regon.
the country being infested wifh liulian.s, her
strength of mind and heroism stood her in good
stead in defending iier homo and children from
the assaults of the Indians during her husliand's
absence. This union was blessed with seven
children, all beiiig now deceased. Albert served
for a number of years in the custom house,
and Henjamin wasa captain on the river. These
latter are represented by two daughters, Esther
Francos and Mary Melissa, who live with their
grandparents and shed joy and brightness over
the bereaved household.

(Japtain Johnson is a member of the i. O. (>.
F. He has large property interest in the city
of Astoria and is favorably known and highly
esteemed by his town people.

EOKGE NOLAN D, is a native of Oregon,
born upon the donation land claim, ten
miles, south of Eugene, October U4, 1857.
Ilisfather, Captain Pleasant Calvin Noland, was
a native of Missouri, born in 1830. Ilis ancestry
extends to Ireland and Wales, and were num-'
bered among the early pioneers of Virginia and
afforded stanch support of the little colonies
during the Revolutionary war. The grand-
f Uher of our subject was a pioneer of Missouri,
and a conspicions figure in that State's develop-
ment. In 1840, P. C. Xoland, entered the
army for the Mexican war. He was sent to the
Indian Territory, and in 1849 crossed the plains
to the mines of California. Returning East in
1851, the following year, he drove a team to
Santa Fe, and in 1853, he continued his journey
to Oregon. The last stages of the trip were
encompassed with dangers and difficulties, as
by seeking a cut across the (/asoades, by the
middle fork of the Willamette river, to save
time and distance, they lost the trail and
through lack of food and toilsome travel, they
suffered almost to starvation, and were eus-
t&ined only by killing and eating a Cay use pony,
and later with salmon, roasted snails, boiled
thistles, elderberries and deerskin, which they
found in the woods, the meat having been de-
voured by wild beasts. Mr. Noland and a few
companions pressed forward, and at last, after
six weeks of starvation and wandering, arrived

S(i4

infiTOnV OF oRKdllN.

ut Spriiigtield, Oregon, tVoiii wliicli point a res-
cniii"^ P'ii"ty were nent to the relief of tiie stiirv-
inj; company. In tlie sprinj; of lHr)4, Mr.
Nolnnii l)oni;iit liis laml clairn near ( 'resswell,
where lie Btiil continues to reside. I)nriri;;tlie
Indian wars of ISoo and l>sr)(), he was ainoni;
the lirst to er.list. and after three niontha of
serviee In* returned home and raised a company,
of which lie was commissioned Captain, and
serveil to the close of the war. He was married
in 1857, to Miss Linna Stewart of En^jene, who
died in 1878, Icavinir two sons, (ieorge and
.lames K. The Captain married Mrs. Melissa
Uavidson in 187!) and they have a daughter,
Neva. Jas. E. Noland has served two terms as
fiheritf of I,ane county and is one of Orej^ons
most popular native sons.

(ieorge Noland, the subject of this sketch, re-
ceived his preliminary education at a little lof^
schoolhouse, and was, reared upon the farm,
actively eni^aged in aj^ricultural pursuits. I'pon
the fonndiiii^ of the State I'niversity at Eujjene,
he was among the first to enter, at which he
graduated in 1882, with the degree of K. H.
Suhsecjuently the degree of A. M. was con-
ferred upon iiim. In 187'J. he enji;aged in the
stock business in Crook county, which he con-
tinned at intervals until 1882, employing his
idle moments in reading law under the guid-
ance of .ludge C. W. Kitch, of Eugene, and was
admitted to the bar in the fall of 1882, by the
Supreme Court of the State. In June, 1882,
lie was elected Surveyor of Lane county, but re-
signed in the fall to go to Prineville, where he
continued the practice of law. In .January.
1884, he came to Astoria, and entered into
partnership with (ieorge A. Dorris. an old
school-mate of his, and continued in general
prncti(!e till 18S7, when they dissolved. In .June,
1884, Mr. Noland was appointed City Attorney
by the Cominon Council of Astoria, and in .June
188.") he was duly elected by the |ieo|>le and re-
elected in 18S7, holding the office continiially
for live years. Jle was nominated to the l.egiii-
lature in 1888, by the Democratic jiarty, and
was among the first in the field to take u]) the
Tariff tight and went down with the party. At
the Democratic State Convention in 1892, he
was nominated as Presidential Elector, and is an
active partisan in political affairs. He is a
meinlicr of the Rescue Eire Company, No 2,
,ind was an earnest advocate of company drill,
and took pai'tin many of the competitive con-
tests.

He was married in 1888, to Miss l,,ottie
(ioodell, a native of Forest Grove and a
daughter of N. E. aiwl Catharine (toodell,
both pioneers of Oregon, the former linving
come to the State in 1850 and the latter in
1847. They have one child. Virgil Ci. ^[r.
Noland continues a general law practice. He
is a stockholder of tin- Astoria Subsidy (irtar-
antee (jompany, and is numbered among the
enterprising and progressive business men of
the city of Astoria. .

[ENEIIAL .lOIlN H. STEVENS.— As
our subject came to Oregon in 1852, he is
conntiMl one of the pioneers of the coast.
He was born in .lamaica, Windham county.
Vermont, March 2t), 1800, and was there reannl
and went to school. He later entered the
academy at Urattleboro, and then of Chester,
until he was prepared, at the age of twenty, to
teach school. His first experience was in a
school where the teacher had been turned out,
as not being able to control the pupils, but he
undertook to finish the term at $10 a month
and succeeded in biiiidiug np a largo school.

.'Vs he had succeeded so well upon his first
trial, our subject felt encouraged to start out in
search of a wider field, and selected the city of
Boston as 'i good place to begin. Here he found
a friend who proved the truth of the old saying
that a friend in need is a friend indeed, for as
he was without money he might have found it
ditlicnlt to find boarding accommodations if this
gooil friend had not assisted him in that way.
Finally he fonu<l a position with a Mr. Chandler
fori?80 a year, and he faithfully worked out his
time there, at the end of which he bought a
grocery store. After his i)eginning he consoli-
dated his stock with Mr. Chandler and went
into full partnership with him in West India
goods, continuing fo'' two years. At the end of
that time he sold his interest to his partner and
returned to Vermont.

Fro'ii there our subject went to l*enns\lvfl
nia and engaged in the lumber business am!
rtMiiained there about four years, shipping his
lumber to Pittsburg. From Pltlnbiirg he wcMit
to New York and purchased goods and returned
to Pennsylvania. He then undertook a very
perilous trip. His grandfather and granilmother
wished to make a tri|) to Vermont, ami lie
started with fliem in the depth of winter, in a

:^^

HISTORY (IF oitKnoy.

sleij^li, to croBs tlm iiHiiiiitiiii.s. Tliis provud h
(Iriwifiil journey, tlm old people iilmoet freezing
to (lentil, (iiily rciurliing a hotel in time to isHve
their lives, as tlu*y were tlien nncronscious from
the eoM.

The marriage of our suhjeet was eelehrated
witli Miss Mary Adams in 1830. She was a
native of the State of I'eniisylvaiiia. After mar-
riage o\ir Buhjeut and his young wife started to
.Michij>;un and bought a farm near Tecnmseh.
Michigan, wliere they happily resided until his
wife died in 1833, leaving two small children,
whom he took back to friends in Pennsylvania,
and then returned to Michigan and sold his
farm. He started for{Jhicago, but got no farther
than Coldwater, Michigan, where he rented a
hotel in partnership with Mr. Taylor. Here he
was married to Miss Harriet M. Pierce, in 1835,
a native of Vermont, burn in 1817.

About this time the State militia was started
and our sul>ject was appointed Colonel of the
regiment, and soon after he received a commis-
sion from the Govornor as Brigadier-General of
this brigad.j. He then received the appoint-
ment under the SherilT as Under Sheriff, and was
afterward elected Sheriff, serving two terms, and
after this served under Sheriff Arnold as
Deputy. At this time our subject started the
stage line from Cold.vater, Michigan, to Mar-
shall, carrying the United States mail, and in
1852 he crossed tlw plains in company with
Green Arnold, he bringing thirteen men and
women with hi;n. Mr. Stevens worked in the
mines in southern Oregon, and in 1854 he re
turned by water to Michigan, for his family.
The second time he crossed the plains bringing
his family and that of Mr. Arnold, and they en-
gaged in the hotel business in Champoeg.

Our subject was a member of the last Terri-
torial I.egislature in Oregon. In 18fi3 he re-
moved to La Grande, and was made Register of
the land office under President Grant and con-
tinued in it during Grant's admistration. Later
our subject went into farming and stock-raising,
but he has long since retired, and now has a
pleasant home in La Grande, owning some 800
acres of tine land in Powder ••i.'er valley, near
La Grande. To Mr. and Mrs. Stevens five chil-
dren have been born, of whom three are yet
living, as follows: .)ohn. who is farming in
Idaho; Nettie,the wife of U V. Kelley, living
in LaGrande, and ./asper, married to Miss Anna
M. Webb, a daughter of the late State Treasurer
G. W. Webb. The General and his wife are

living in eiijoynicnt of the comforts of life, iit
the ripe old age of eighty-Bi.\ and sevonty-fivo
years, and can tell many and interesting tales
of the early days on the western coast.

•^■mm-

p-#—

:Tjjf.TILiJAM D. CLAGGETT, a prosperous
"-uwJfB agriculturist of Marion county, has

F ipo' i Itcf" " resident of the State since 1852.
He was born in Missouri, November 28, 1840,
and at the age of twelve years crosseil the plains
to Oregon with his father, Charles ('laggott,
whose history will be found on another |)age of
this volume. William D. was sent to the pub-
lic school, and later finished his education at the
Willamette Pniversity under Prof. Hoyt, who
was the president of the institution at that tinio.
He left college in 1862, and engaged in farm-
ing on leased land. After two years, however,
he purchased 100 acres of choice land, on which
he Ituilt a home; later he added another 100
acres, and devoteil himself industriously to its
cultivation, meeting with gratifying results.
In 1880 be bought 500 acres adjoining 'his
ranch, and continued the inanagenient of the
same until 1880, since which time he has leased
the whole. lie now occupies a pleasant home
which he bought in Salem.

Mr. Claggett was united in marriage in 1865
to Miss Pollen llennis, a native of Iowa, and a
daughter of Thomas llennis, who came to Ore-
gon in 1852. Two children were born of this
union: Aniiie, wife of Charles Casj)er, and Eva
E;, who resides in Salem with her grandfather
(Raggett. Mrs. ('laggett died in 1870. Two
years later Mr. Claggett was married a second
time, being united to Miss Eliza E. Parrish, a
daughter of George W. Parrish, of Clackamas
county, Oregon. They had born to them eight
children: George died at the age of six years
from injuries received from one of the horses
in the barn; Amelia is the wife of ('harles Cook,
who is in the postal telegraph service in Port-
land; Charles W. is farming on the old home-
stead; Archie, Thomas, Mary M., Dockie C.and
Hennie I.,, are at home.

Politically, Mr. Claggett adheres to the prin-
ciples of the Republican party. He is a mem-
ber of the 1. O. O. F., and takes an active in-
terest in the fraternity. He has led a life of
industry and devotion to one purpose, and his
efforts have been rewarded with success, He

966

iirsnitr of ohehun.

has iicvur giiiiilili><l iind Iihi> In'Kii strictly teiii- !
pernti! in nil liis liahits. llicivl)y wiiiiiiiig tiie
ri'spi'ct iiml entire I'oiitidciici' of the i-oniiniinity. I

.1. KINNKV. resident of Astoria, and
|)ru|)riet()r of tiie largest Balinoii oan-
'^ nery I'n the ('dliiinliia river, was i)orn at
Miisi'iitine, Iowa, in .lannary, lS-t7. His father,
Uuhert C Kinney, was a native of Illinois, and
W!is reare<l ity his uncle. Lientenant-Ciovenuir
Kinney, wlio was one of the early (toveriiors of
the State. In 1883 Mr. Kinney started a steam-
boat line from St. liOiiis to tlie northern water
of tho Mississijipi river, and locate<l the town of
Aluscatine ujion his own honiestead, huildini; a
hotel and othc" conveidences to accoinniodate
cinii;rants to the new eonntry. Mr. Kinney
was married in Illinois to Miss Kliza K. IJige-
low, a native of Nova Scolia. Her father was
interested in cod fishing and tradini; with the
West Indies. Locating his family at Muscatine,
Mr. Kinney continued trading upon the river and
also operated tioui- and saw mills, besides having
otlier interests in the newly formed town, con-
tinning until 1847. .\t tliis time he sold his
interests, and with ox teams removed his family
to Oregon, foreseeing the profits of the Eastern
trade from the Pacific coast. The trip was
without unns)ial incident and was safely accom-
plished, the company landing in the fall at
Oregon (3ity. In 1848 Mr. Kinney visited the
California mines, hut after si.x months retnrned
to Oregon and located his donation claim in
Yam Hill county, near l.aFayette. He then en-
gaged in farming and the stock business, and also
im|)roved one of the finest orchards in Oregon,
shipping Ids fruits to San Francisco In 1857
he purchased the McMinnville tiour mills, and
in 1864 the Brooklyn mills, both of which he
operated nnt'l 18()8, when he sold aiid bought
an interest in the Willamette flour mills anil
woolen manufacturing mills at Salem. Mr.
Kinney took charge of the Hour mills where
was carrie'l on an enormous business with agen-
cies at Portland, San Francisco and Liverpool.
Subsequently he and his sons, M. il.ai'd A. W.,
purchased the entire ndlliug plant, which they
operated until the death of Mr. Kinney, in 187o.
He was a ineinher of the first Constitutiomd
Convention and tir.-t State Legislature of Ore-
gon, and was active in forn)ing the goverrnnent
of the new State. He wns opposed to slavery in

Oregon, and was iiibtrumentid in exeln<iing the
privilege from the Constitution. Another tiling
lie advocated was, that married women had a
right to hold real estate, and was also an active
promoter of ])ul)lic schools.

Our sidiject, M. .1. Kinney, was reared upon
the farm and in the mill, and received his edu-
cation in McMinnville College under the in-
struction of I'rof.d. W.dohnson, now president
of the State University. After completing his
education Mr. Kinney entered the milling busi-
ness at Salem: later going to San Francisco, he
took charge of the office established at that city,
and there continued to reside \intil the death of
his father, in 187"), when the property was sold.
In 187(i Mr. Kinney came to Astoria and en-
gaged in the canning of salmon, which was then
conducted by Ilapgood, Megler, Cook, Humes
k, Booth, each having separate canneries. Mr.
Kinney bidlt on Water stret. at the foot of
Washington, necessarily beginning in a small
way, as he had everything to buy and the busi-
ness to learn, but he increased his plant with
experience and knowledge, until he has reached
the colossal output of 73,000 cases of fourdo/.en
cans each jjer annum, ami is now the j)roprietor
of the largest canning establishment in the
Northwest. In 1890 he purchased the Devlin
cannery, which he also operates, both canneries
being completely equipped with labor-saving
machinery. All cans are manufactured in his
oivn building, with the most highly improved
canning machinery. His fishing plant embraces
upward of 150 boats, each with nets ranging from
1,500 to 1,800 feet in length, besides eighty traps
with steamboat, sailing sloops an<l scows in at-
tendance, giving employment during the fishing
season to 425 men, while forty-five white people
and 190 Chinamen are employed in the canner-
ies. He markets throughout the city and the
I'nited States and Liverpool. Mr. Kinney is
also one of the chief jiroprietors of the Clatsop
Mill locate<l at Astoria, which was built in
1884, with box plant adjoining. The daily out-
])nt is 80,000 feet of lumber and 5,000 boxes
per day, giving steady employment to 100 men.
Mr. Kinney owns 1,00.0 acres of land on Clat-
sop Heach, and is laying out Gearhart park,
which offers attractions as a summer residence.
The hotel (Tcarhart numbers 150 rooms, and was
opened dnriiig the summer of 1892.

Mr. Kinney was married in San Francisco in
1876. to Miss Margaretta Morgan, daughter of
David Morgan, a California pioneer. She died

UIsroHY OF OREOON.

S6t

in 1H*^<1, Iciiviiii^ one cliiM, Hin'rii'tta. He wim
iiiiii-ric'l ajfiiiii in Kuiish-*, in 18S9, to Mins N'lii'-
c'isMi K. White, ii niitive of I'l'iiiisvlvHniii, and it
laily uf retincnicnt aiicl cnltniv, niie who takes
Hii active intureiit in tcMiiperanw work. For
years slic was coiinecteii witli Mir-s Willard in
orjjanizitif^ the VV. ('. T. U. in Wasliiiiirton. and
Was inHtruinentai in seunrin^ the jmssagu of
Ktraifflit hiW8 (avorniile to temperance interests
in tiiis State. .Mr. Kinney is a ineinher of tlie
Masonic order. In inisiness he is (jiiict, mc-
fhodical, always master of the situation. Kar-
sccing in jiidgiiicnt and for inakiti<ront his own
pathway to sncccss, Mr. Kinney deserves the
esteem so generously awarded to him.

*^^f*^^

|5|SCAU (). GAMAIII). a capitalist of Ash-
til// land. The (laniard family trace their
genealogy back to France. Peter (Jan iard,
tile i^reat-grandfather of onr subject, was horn
in the city of St. Fleche, .luly 22, 1734, and his
wife, Esther (Marriett) Gatiiard, was horn at
Killingsworth, Connecticut, September 22, 1740.
Their marriage occurred February 14, 1776, and
they were the jmrents of ten children. From
this family the Ganiards of America have de-
tceiided. The Marrietts were of F^nglish descent,
and t-ettled in Connecticut early in the seven-
teenth century. Peter Ganiard and his elder
brother, James, were the children of wealthy
)iarents, residents of La Fleche, France. In
1874 they fitted vessels of their own and sailed
to the West Indies, locating on tiie island of
llispaniola. They soon opened a thriving trade
with the colonies. .lames, the eldest, induced
his brother to go to New London, (Connecticut,
and learn the English language, in order that
they n)ight butter carry on commercial relations
between the American colonies and the West
Indies. Peter, although a minor at that time,
was a tlioroiigli French scludar. but after becom-
ing acquainted with the English language and
customs, he neglected the business between him-
self and brother. He finally spent his money,
and ceased to correspond with the latter. He
lo'^ated at Killingsworth, where he remained
secluded many years. After a time James be-
came Governor of llispaniola, but he never
ceased to search lor his truant brother, and after
a lapse of fourteen years Peter's identity was
discovered by a captain of one of the many ves-

sels l)elonging to >Fames, and thrinigh him was
iiuluced to return to the island^ with his family,
consisting of a wife and live children, i'eter
was kindly received by his brother, and all mat-
ters of the past were forgiven. The uidon of
the brothers was of slKu't duration, however, as
religious views soon caused their separation,
i'eter and family leturned to the colonies, locat-
ing again at Killingsworth. ('onnecticut, where
hercnuiined until the breaking out of the Uevo-
lutionary war, and he then learned of his broth-
er's demise, and also that a portion of the estate
was left to him. On visiting IIis]>aniola he
found matters in a deplorable condition, but was
able to secure about i^3,0()0 in gold, and the
wearing apj)arel of his brother, a i)art of which
is still supposed to be in possession of some of
the descendants.

The subject of this sketch, O.scar (Tuniard, was
born in Ontario county, Mew York, January
28, 1882, a son of i'eter (xaniard, a native of
the same State. The mother, nee Until Peldon,
was a native of Massaciiusetts, and of English
extraction. The parents reared a family of ten
children, our subject being the third child.
They removed to (Jliio when he was but two
years of age, and in 1838 located at .lonesville,
Michigan, where young Oscar received his educa-
tion. In 1852 lie crossed the plains to Oregon,
and for the first few years remained in tiie Wil-
lamette valley. In 1856 he removed to Jose-
phine county, where he was engaged in merchan-
dising and farming; in 1872 began farming and
merchandising in Jackson county, and in 1884
took up ills residence in Ashland. Mr. Ganiard
owns valuable property adjacent to the city,
which is devoted largely to fruit growing, and
consists of a general variety of delicious fruits,
peaches predominating. He also owns some of
the finest business and residence property in
Asliland, among which may be mentioned the
opera house and White Sulphur Spring Hotel.
In connection with the liotel building is located
the bathhouses of the well-known springs,
which contain a rare combination of medicinal
qualities, '.ni! this renders them equal if not
superior to any sulphur springs in the State.
The baths are conveniently arranged, liaving
separate compartments for the use of male and
female putrons. The waters of these springs are
liigidy recommended by the medical fraternity,
and those suffering from rheumatism, blood or
malarial diseases find these springs a specific for
the cure of their c(>mplaints. The hotel and

968

UISTOHY OF oR/cnoy.

i i

butliK Hi't) iiuw ()|)un to tilt' ]iiililii.;. and iiiuit'r tliu
niiiiiii;i;i'ihi!iit oi Mr. ( iaiiiiirtl. Tliii fiiiriily nis-
iilcMcc iit'itr liy. ii lit'iiiitiriil t'i<.;litruipiii cdttaj^o,
was ui-frlt'd in I'iSU, at a cost of rS-liOOO, and is
a t^iiin (if iircliitL'CtiirL'.

Tliu Ashland (>|ii'i'ii IIouhb is a siiltHtaritial
tliree-story hrick huildiiii; and uoviirs a space of
tiOx 10I> feet. It \va> completed in ISSii, at a
cost of ^20,000. The tirst Hoors arc used as
l)UHin('ss lionses, and tlie secinid and tliird coni-
]iri>i's tiie tlieatcr. The Ir.iildini; is well lighted
and ventilated, and has a ^eatiiifj; capacity of
>S()((. Thesta;;(' is of a late desii;n, wellecinipped
with scenery and all necessary para|)lierindia.
The dressing and hagj^afje-rooins are all that
could lie desired for convenience and conifm-t.
The entire hnil linj^ is lighted hy the electric
lif^ht systiMii. In all, the o|)era house is |)erhaps
somewhat in advance of other city ilevelopinents,
however, it may he said of Mr. (ianiard, that he
always keeps al)reaitof the times. He ha- hceii
prominently ideiititied with the f^rowth and
in'osperity of Ashland ever siiLce he loirated in
its limits, has licen closely connected with school
matters, and was eleeteil a nn'mlu-r of the City
Council in 18!)1.

In 18."j8 Mr. (ianiard returned to Jonesville,
jMichif^an, and was there joii •.■<! in nnirriajje,
Jnlv 5, of the same year, with Miss Lucindn
(ianiard, a nativt' of Uochester, New York.
They have one daiii^hter living, Lottie L., now
Mrs". J. K. I'elton, of .Vshland. '"'' "y lost two
sons by diphtheria: Oscar, who died March 30,
1882; and Frederick, April 17, same year. As
a citi/.on Mr. Ganiard takes an active interest in
political matters. Politically, he affiliates with
the Uepulilican party.

-*- :i^-;-t> ••'!;#> ]^"«*-

fP. WINESKT, one of the most prosperous
and highly esteemed husiness men of
"5^* Ores^on ( 'ity, Oregon, was born in Spring-
field. Illinois, January 17. IHiil.

His father, Henry W. Wineset, was a native
of Virginia, and a descendant of one of the old
Virginia families, the ancestors of whom emi-
grated from England to the Old Dominion
early in the settlement of the colony. Grand-
father Henry W. Wineset, was a brave and effi-
cient soldier in the Revolutionary war, serving
for eight years, or for a year after the close of
that struggli! for independence. He lived to be
103 years of a^e. The father of the subject

of our sketch married Miss Annie •lennings, a
native of ids connly, and a descendant of another
of the old V^irginia families. They had thir-
teen (ddldren, only two of whom now survive:
the subject of our sketch and a sister, now Mrs.
Lydia Ann Allison, who resides in Silver ('ity,
Idaho.

The subject of this notice was raised in Ken-
tucky until his seventeenth year. At this time
war was declared with .Mexico, and he enlisted
in the army, under (ieneral Scott. He was a
natural musician, and had become an e.vpert
life player, and as a fife boy he played all
through the war with Me.\ico. He was in the
battles of Molino, Del Iley. Churnbnsco, and
was at the storming of the Castle of Chapulte|)ec,
in which latter engagement he was wounded in
the breast, the ball strikinij a rib, j'lanced out-
ward, thus saving his life. He was for two
months in a hos|iital, when he rejoined the
ariuy and was with them when they took the
city of Mexico, where they were stationed until
the terms of peace were settled.

He afterward returned to his home, where he
learned the trade of a wagon and carriage maker,
in which business he was tirst engaged in Keii-
tucky, later emigrating to Iowa, in 184!), en-
gaging in business at Hillsboro, Henry county.

In 1851 he married Miss Kmily Frances
Lindsey, a native of Illirois, in which State they
remained until the fall of that year, when they
removeil to Te.xas, locating in the town of Dallas,
wdiere he continued in business until 1854. He
then sold out, and crossed the plaitis to (Califor-
nia, whore he was for a year engaged in mining
in Shasta county. He met with but moderate
success as a miner, however, his largest day's
work being ^32. He finally commenced his
business of wagon-maker in the old town of
Shasta, where he remained until 1863, when he
sold out and removed to Walla Walla, Wash-
ington. He followed his business there until
1870, meeting with very great succes, manu-
facturing stages, and everything in the way of
wagons and carriages, and being largely engaged
in the manufacture of burial caskets, ui the
midst of all this prosperity his business was
consumed by fire, his property being uninsured,
and in an hour he saw swept from him the
accumulations of years of hard labor. He
afterward rebuilt and reopened his business, l)ut
later came to Porland, Oregon, where he was in
business until 1875, when he came to Oregon
City, opening business here, adiling to it the

- if

iili

\ ,

HfBTORY OF ORKfloy.

•<n<.>

iiiidRrtHkitig l)iiitim>hH. Ilu Iihh Ujrniu Imoii
jtroMKoroil t(i hifi ('ntirc siitiKfiictioti. Tlii' firm
is MOW Wint'Hi't ifc Scriptiiri", iiuil tlicy iimiiii
factiirc ciirriiij^ns iiml wajjonn, do iitidcrfakiii;.'
i\t)d liliirkmnitliiii^. 'I'lii'V liiivu two liciirnoH lor
tlioir iiiidertiikiiiir liiiHiiiusri, one of wliicli Ih ii
very tine (inc.

Mr. and Mri*. Winuset Imd cij^lit cliildron,
four of whom are now living: Allen Kdgiir, re-
hidiii({ in New Vork city; .losepliine, wife of
Ml- Mc()oon,of I'ortland; l/iicien H.. in I'ort-
iimd; an<l Frederick, who [» with his father.
He was lioreft of his wife en Auffiist 4, 1874,
his faithful companion, who for twenty-three
years had no interest hnt that of her husband
and children.

In I'ortland, in 1878, Mr. Wineset was mar-
ried to Miss Lydia Jane Forre!<tcr, an estimahlo
lady and a inttive of Oregon, a danghter ol
Thomas Forrister. who came to the Territory in
1850. He located on a donation claim on
Kagle Creek, where he was engaged in fanning
and sawmilling nntil his death, and was mnuh
respected for his many sterling; (jnalities of
mind and heart.

By this marriage there were si.x children, five
now living: George C, Thomas, Myrtie A.,
Israel L. and Jerrold.

Mr. Wireset is a [iepiihlican in politics, and
at tiie time of the war was a strong Union man.
When in Portland he liehl the [losition of fifer
ill the Washington Guards, and was in his ele-
ment on the 4tli of July, when he played the
Boiil-stirring music of the National airs. He
is also a fine clarionet and violin player, aiid
above all, lias a wonderful genius for innsic, a
correct ear and a natural grace of execution,
rarely combined in one person.

Thus with true American perseverance and
ability, Mr. Winesent has, iinasciisted, carved out
for himself a successful career. While giving
him all credit, the fact of the benefit he derived
from the wonderful resources of this country,
must not be overlooked. Roth are great, the
country and the man, and fit companions for
each other.

t ON. JOSEPH SIMON, one of the most
widely known jurists and public men of
the State, was born in Germany, on Feb-
ruary 7, 1851, coming with his fatiier, David
Simon and family, to Portlai.d in 1857, where
n

liin father for many years was successfully en-
gageil as a merchant. Tlicrt! were four (diildrcn,
the ehlcst the subject of this sketch, having
liceii born in (icrmaiiv, one lioni i . Califoniia,
anil the two youngest in Poitland, where all
liav(> lietMi reared and ediicat.'d.

Our subject was sent to the |iiiblic schools in
Piirtliiiid, and is reported to have been studious
and a I'liod scholar, in the meantime rc'civing,
while ssistiiig his father, a practical knowledge
of business, which has since been <if much value
to him in his jirofession of law. In 1870 he en-
tered the otliee of .Mitchell iV: Doiph, then the
leading law firm of the city, where he read law
for two years, w1i''m he was admitted to the bar,
soon after becoming a memlier of tlu' firm with
whicli he had studied, since when, his career
has been one of continued success. In 1877,
he was elected a member of tlie('ity (Jonncil
from the second ward, wliich position he held
for three years, declining a re elecMon, which
was tendered to him without opp.isition.

In 1885 he was appointed by the Governor a
member of the Hoard of Police (Jomniissioncvs,
in which capacity he served until July. 18!(2.
In politics, he is a stanch and active Itepubli-
can. He was chairman of the Kepiiblicaii State
Central Committee in 1880, 1884 and 188fJ,
rendering his party and the State valuable ser-
vice in these ycafu- I" 1880 he was elected a
member of the State Senate, and for three suc-
cessive times, viz., 1880, 1884 and 1888, he has
been re-elected to that ofKce. In the sesc-ions
of 1889 and 1801, he was elected President of
the Senate, and presided over that body, there
being no Lieutenant-Governor in this Slate.
While Senator, he was an indefatigable worker,
and served on various committees. As suf-
licent evidence of the general satisfaction experi-
enced as to his manner of executing the duties
devolving upon him, we have only to refer to
his three several elections to the Senate, and hie
election as President of that body for two ses-
sions, the greatest possible compliment to his
integrity and al>ility as a parliamentarian. Mr.
Simon was a delegate to th.o National Republican
Convention hold at Minneapolis in June, 1892,
and was elected a member of the liepnblican
National Committee from the State of Oregon.

In fraternal matters, Mr. Simon is a Past
Master of Portland Lodge, No. 55, A. F. & A.
M., and a member of Portland (Miajjter, No. 3;
he has received the thirty-second degree in
the Scottish rite.

tirsTiiin i>h' imKiioN.

11 I

lie iiiiH i<l('iititlL<(l liiin«elf witli tliKoity, being

liirifflv iiitrrcHtcil jii rciil chtiitc, mnl coiitrilint'
in;; l»V I'M'ry iiit'iii;» to licf iKlviimciin'iit. An ii
iiiiiii III' I'lliiciitioii iirnl iiiorality. iiiiil up ii liiwyt-r
of iicimicM mill aliility, ;(i< a [larliuiiii'Mtariiiii of
iMi|in'i*itivi' ami [ilcaMinj; luiili'UMti, he ri'Hect*
rrcilit nil liix city ami State.

!A. MACICIIM came to the Stiito of Oicgon
ill lH7(t. anil an an oil neat or, lawyer and
» tinanciur liau Ih'imi an activt* participant in
the ilt'vi'lopincnt of the State. He was l)oni in
I'itt.sbnifi. IVniisylvania. in 1S42. His |iarciil8
were Scotcii Kn^lisli, ami t'lnigrati'il from tliu
Mortli of Ircltinil in ISiiO, anil coniiii^f to Ainor-
ica, sfttlfMl near l*itt.-'l)nr;; an<l enj/iioeil in fann-
ing. Tlii« was contiiuici] until tlioileath of Mr.
Macniiu in 1882, lii>< wife fulluwiiig liini in
1885.

I. A. Macrnni ri'ceiveil n tiioron;;h education,
.•K-adeinic, tirst al tlie lA'cclilinrg IiKstitiitc and
then at the State normal whcol, presided over
l)v i'rof. Wirkersliiim. a noted educator of
I'eiinsylvania. (lompletini^ his studies Mr.
.Macriim then l)e;;an teacliiiij^ in I'ittshiirfr as
principal of the second ward school, atid after
three years he secured an interest and taught in
the Newell Institute, a private school for fittimr
young men tor college and also for ;;radn-
ating the women in classic music and lanj^uages.
The school tnunhercd 125 pupils, and eleven
teachers were constantly employed. In 1870 Mr.
Macriim emigrated to Oregon City, where for
three years he was principal of the ( )repjn City
Seminary. During tliis time he read law under
the direction of Johnson & McCown, and in
Deceiiiher, 1S74, he was admitted to practice
hy the Sn|)reme Court of the State. The law
firm of .lohnsi'ii, Mc('own & Maerum was then
organized, the latter removiiii^ to Portland to
open a hranch office, which was continued with
marked success for ei)i;ht years, when the firm
was dissolved.

With the organization of the Willamette
Savings liank in 18S3, Mr. Maerum was chosen
cashier and manager. The husinessof the hank
grew so rajiidly that in 188() it was converted
into the Merchants' National Bank, Mr. Maerum
continuing as cashier. In ()ct(d)er, 18i)0, the
capital stock was increased from 8100,000 to
S1,000,000, and is now considered among one

of the inoDt solid fluanoial iiintitutiuiis of the

city.

Mr. Maerum was married in WestinorelHiid
county, I'ennsylvaiiia. to Miss Westanna (inilihs,
a native of Allegany City. They have had six
children, viz.: Charles .\.. |)raclicing physicinii
of I'ortland; Margaret .1.. now .Mrs. l)r. W. II.
liyrd, of Salem; Newell. Will S, .lidin W. and
(Jarlield. The family reside near Korest ( Jrove.
where, surrounded hy spacious grounds, Mr.
Maerum has built a large and handsome resi-
dence, preferiing the country for home life, after
thecares and aii-xieties of the i)U8y di»ys iii the
city.

lie is n I{e|Mil)IicRii in jxdilicB, hut not nclive
except in sustaining honest elections. He liiis
always heeii interested in educational work and
the estalilishnu'.it of good i-cliools. From 1878
to 1880 he served as (loiinty SufH-riiiteiident of
schools for Multnomah county. In HiMiicial
affairs Mr. .Macriim has proven himself a man
of ahility and sterling integrity, and has won
the confidence of the Inisiness men of his sec-
tion.

— '^^m^m^^^^--

DAM '{KOWX, one of Oregon's oM pio-
neers of 1844, was horn in I'eiinsylvania,
.May 27, 1817. He was of (lerman ances-
try, and his parents, John and liegina (Dinges)
JJrown were hoth natives of the Keystone State.
Our siiliject was the lifth of nine children and
was reared in his native State, lived with his
parents till he was twenty-three years old,
and worked for wages until his twenty-fifth
year, and then started on the long and perilous
journey across the jilains with ox teams, to Ore-
gon. His train was commanded by (leiieral
Cornelius (tilliaii. At the tributary of Wolf
river the Indians stampeded the stock. Twenty
men were detached from the company to follow
the Indians and force them to replace the lost
cattle, which they did. The Indians which they
captured they kept under guard all night. A
heavy rain storm raised the river and the place
where the Indians were located was covered
two feet deep with water by morning. When
they were liberated they were very glad to get
away as soon as possible. After a few days
this company stopped at the Black Vermillion
rivi-r. the water here had risen so high that it
was up to the forks of the trees along the banks.
For fourteen days they were delayed, which dis-

tllHTOItV Oh' OIIKOON.

971

ouiirii^ud iiiHtiy iind in tli« i-aiiip n mmft ^viia
Htriii'k III), "Aiitl t(i Oregon wcwill j^o." After
(•roM-iii^ till' rivt'i' Imt ii I'tnv diiVH liittT. iiiicitlicr
torrent ot wiiler lie^xn tii lull, iiikI nil the little
utreiiiiiH were mi KWolleii timt it litokmluy to >{et
acroHH one. Tlie next river was the l.iiiig Samly,
ami they traveleil up it seven iliiyH hikI eiime to
tile dividing rid^e hetween tiie SHiidy and I'latt
rivers. Here they 8rw a great many InitraloeH.
Tlie river Itottoni landB wuh lilack with them for
iiiileH and the eini^ranth were in^reut ilari<^erof
liuiii^ trani|ile<l under t'not, tor when tiiey ale in
motion it ie 'luarly iinpoHHihie to turn tlieiii
aitidu, iiH the )>p'^''l()e8 hehind |iuhIi the other.
Here thoy kilieu a niiniher of Hue tat liiitfalp
COW'- "lid had an aliuii<lanoe of iieef. Tlie river
watt 1lii> yardH wide and a foot and a half deep,
with a ijuieksaiid hottom. In (■rot)>iiig this
they dared not let the teams stop or they wouhl
have 8Uiik in tlu* qiiieksaiid and have lieeii loet.
However, they all crossed Rafely and traveled on
to the Laramie river, and this also they eroHsed
and kept on ii|i the North i'latte. One day the
train stopped for the women to do the wash-
ing. Mr. Urown went ii|i the I'latte two miles
and climlied a high MiitT, from wliieli he coiiM
see the country for many miles. A deep canon
led the nearest way liacK to camp. This hail
water in it and hedeeideil to go down it. After
be got half way down he saw fresh liiif grizzly
bear tracks, lie eonldn't go hack so he kept
un, although he did not see the hears and be
gladly welcomed the sight of camp before dark had
set in. (Jn the 4th of .Inly the company camped
at Independence rock. One- half of the pro-
visions ba(i already been consumed iiiul two-
thirds of the journey was still before them.
They now divided into smaller companies and
traveled faster. They arrived in the South Gap
in the Uocky mountains and tlien came down a
steep road to the Pacific Sprin;^8. South of the
gap Mr. lirown climbed the biitte and there had
a magnificent view. A deep valley stretched
away toward the Pacific ocean. He was filled
with astonishment at the great mountains that
divided the iStates from Oregon, in which he in-
tended to make bis future home. He looked
eastward and night bail set in. On this siiinmit
be knelt down, filled with awe and prayed tbo
great Maker of the earth, to have pity on tbein
and bring tliem safely through. Then be arose
and took another look to the west. The sun
was getting low, I he country looked like a vast
level plain, no high mountains to be seen. The

golden rayi< of the setting sun seemed to disperse
his gloom. Soon after the compiiny nacdieit
(iri't'ii river, so called because tin' lied of the

river is green alt! gli the water is clear. The

next stream they reaidied was I'ridger Here
the lludsoirs Itay (Company had a trading post,
and here the I'l'ii^ in war-paint displayed
great pomp, but wi".'p they saw the guns of the
emigrants they soon i ft. The |ii'ovisioii> hid
become so short tl it fliey left extra wagons and
everything t' ' won' I impede tl uir pnigress
and they p "d on siill faster. The roiel lay
tbroiigh the sage brii''i ami soon if was hot and
dusty and the dust -tuck to them until they
looked like blacl-, jjeople, thus on and on they
travided. day 'iftcr diiy. facing all danger, slowly
but surely tli"y advanced. They reaibeii !!car
river, a tributary of Suit l,ake. Here they loiiinl
hot water and soda water springs. Sume ol the
springs continually sent up sjnirts of steam and
were called steamboat springs. Le.iving Hour
river to the left tlicy reacli('<| Snake river and
followed it many days, finding more boiling hot
springs, camped out iieside them ami ma<le cof-
fee with the water and boiled it in the spring.
When they arrived at Kort Hall, one man who
bad a family got <Mit of Hour and gave a yoke of
oxen, valued at !?I()() for 100 pounds of fioiir,
and then it did not last his journey tbroiigli.
At the fording place in the river the water was
very swift and "oelow it was a deep eddy, and if
the teams were not kept up in the right place
they would l>e lost with the load that was so
valuable to the emigrants. Kor someilays they
tr.iveled all day without water for man or beast.
By September they only had bacon and bread to
eat, but at Salmon falls, on Snake river they got
fish from the Indians. Following this river
they came to Burnt river, followed it reveral
days, crossed it and left it to the right. Here
they came to high bills, which seemetl as if they
could not be climbed, but by doubling teams
••liey made the ascent and then tbund it was just
a- litHcult to get down safely, and in this elfort
one wagon w;n smashed. They next came to
Powder river, vhicli takes its name Irom the
sand which is black and like jiowder. From
here they soon reachod Grass valley, then
Grande Ronde valley and, in two days after-
ward crosseil the Blue mountains and reached
the Umatilla river. Here hoiuo of the men
went to Walla Walla for supplies from Dr.
Whitman. They got from him some unbolted
flour and came down the Umatilla rivar to the

273

HISTORY Oh' OliKGON.

J a

Colnml)ia river, then down its steep sides and
over hills, crossing .lolin Day's near the (Jolimi-
liia at the Des Chutes. Tiiey crossed on a zi<f-
zag ford and enijayed an Indian to help them.
In this way they reached tiie Dalies, where they
])iuchased a few small potatoes and some heef,
paying a lai<;e price for theni. Here they
camped a lew days and then crossed the Cas-
cades; dro\e the caitle on r trail and made
them swim from side to side of the Columhia
and they found plenty of grass, hut not much
food. The journey to the Willamette, down
the mountains, on either side of the r!ver, was
ahout 100 miles. The wagons and the women
were hrought down the river in open boats,
which were e.vtreinely dangerous. It was lale
in tiie fall and cold and the jjoods became
damaged by the rain and caused mncli .iiiffering.
The Hudson's Hay Company t'urnishc<l the boats.
They were twenty feet long, by eight wide, pro-
pelle.l bv four oars and steered by a rudder.
The river was about a mile wide and any sudden
gu-it of wind made the water rough, and it was
with the i;reatest difficulty that the boats were
propelled through it. At the Cascade falls the
wagons had to be put together to make a port-
age. At this time it was raining hard and seven
miles had to be covered to the lower boat land-
ing. One lioat loaded with women and children
came very near going down the Cascades falls,
but were finally rescued by those on shore, a
rope being used to pull them in. The road
around the falls waa deep mu 1 and slush and
it took a day to load and make one trip. After
one trip they stopped at the lower landing and
cut wood for a tire. Mr. Brown went to a tree
that had slipped down the mountain side, top
foremost. lie began to chop and a large gap
was broken into the edge of his ax. This tree
was petrified. lie got other wood and made
the tire and the women prepared supper and
they retired, although the rain fell all night.
The water ran under the tent and \y ;t the beds
and everything, so they were actually lying in
the water. Tlie next day the wet things were
loaded in a boat and they caine down to Fort
Vancouver. There they obtained more pro-
visions, but it took, in all. about two months for
all to come from the Dalles to Lincoln on the
Willamette river, where they crossed the Portland
mountains. In crossing the river a rope was
put about the neck of a gentle ox ami he was
led into the river, by men in a canoe and the
other stock driven in followed across and

thus crossed a great many cattle at a time,
althou(rh there was danger of drownintr some of
them. The emigrants catne up the Willamette
valley and that (irst winter Mr. Iirown worked
for the Hudson's Bay Company for tloiir, tools
and seed wheat. There was a tlouring-tnill at
the Willamette falls. Mr. Brown says that the
Government could Imvo, and should have fur-
nished the poor emigrants with tools and seed
and wonlil soon have reaped enough benefit
from the taxes to pay it all back.

There was a French settlement on the east
side of the river, and the most of them had In-
dian wives and they furnished the mill with
wheat. There were a few .\inerican settlers,
far apart and a few missionaries were located
at the spot where Salem now is. Such was the
Willamette valley when Mr. Brown arrived.
The poor emigrants saw hard times, lived on
pea coffee and boiled wheat. The houses were
little and poor, many of them without doors or
windows and the country was full of Indians.
It seemed that dangers anil privations were upon
every hand. Mr. Brown says that they under-
went so many hardships that two sections of
land would i.ot have paid for it. However,
there was nothing for them to do but make the
best of it and they labored under immense dis-
advantages for want of means and tools tg work
with. When the wheat was raised it was win-
nowed in the wind to take out t^se chaH", some
throwing it up and others taking it up into a
scaffold and pouring it do .n. Very slow and poor
work was made of it. 1 .ere was nothing to pay
debts with and so wheat was made legal tender.
There was no money in Oregon until after the
discovery of gold in California. The times im-
proved tlien and the faithful workers succeeded.

Mr. Brown took his claim on the Liickamute,
in Polk county, a mile square of land and settled
upon it in the spring of 1845 and has since re-
sided upon it and kept it clear of incumbrance.
During the Indian outbreak of 1848 the settlers
of the Willamette valley volunteered and there
were few men left in the valley while the war
continued. One day, while Mr. Brown was at
work his wife sent for him to come to the lionse
quickly as there was an Indian, who was very
angry bocanse he could not induce her to give
him a tin bucket he wanted. Mr. Brown entered
the house, and taking the redskin by the neck
put him out of the (loor, not knowing that he
had a gun. The Indian produced his gun,
cocked it and threatened to shoot, but Mr. Brown

njsToiir OF oitKooN.

27:)

reasoned Iwm out of it by telling him that if lie,
Mr. Brown, had (tome to his, the Infiiaii's, honse
and frifflitened his wife he would have done just
riffht to have kicked him oiit-of-doorti. Tiie In-
dian saw the justice of the remark and put the
gun by the fence and Mr. Urown could easily
liave obtained possession of the gun and shot
the Indian, but did not wish to do so, as there
wasanencainpmentof some 200 near by. These
Indians could have killed all the settlers in the
valley at that time, if they had wished to do so.
These were some of the dangers to which tiie
early settlers were exposed.

December 19, 1847, Mr. iJrown married Miss
Sarah Nichols, a native of Clay county, Missouri
born in 1832. She w«a a daughter of John
Nichols, who came to Oregon, in 1844. He
settled a donation claim on the Luckainnte and
here lived an honest, upright life, dying in his
eighty-second year, liis wife Ifaving died six
years before, »gcd seventy-tive.

Mr. and Mrs. Brown had ten children and
their names are: Regina, who ditu in her
twelfth year; Nancy Catherine died in her ninth
year; John, lives on the farm near by; Elizabeth
is now Mrs. Harvey Gage; Joseiihine is Mrs.
J. C. Prink; William is a farmer near his father;
Sarah died when three years old; Eliza, Ruth,
Christina and Henrietta, are at home with
their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are mem-
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr.
Brown is independent in politics, never wanted
office and is a fine representative of the early
Oregon pioneer.

§0 N O R A B L E RUFIJS MALLORV, a
member of th. bar of Oregon, was an early
settler of this vicinity, having come here
in 185y. He is a ;iative of New York State,
where he was born in Chenango county, June
10, 1831. His father, Samuel Mallory, was a
native oT Connecticut, being born in that State in
1781. The family is of English ancestry, com-
ing to America in the early history of its settle-
ment. His grandfather, David Mallory, was a
New Englander, and a participant in the war
for indi_^iendence, having fouglit in the battle
of Bunker Hill, and for his services in that
struggle, he received froin tht United States a
land warrant as a reward. Mr. Mallory's father
married Miss Lucretia Davis, a native of Con-
necticut, who was born in 1788. She also was a

descendant of one of the early settlers of .New
E]nglaiul. Her father, .lohii l)avis, lived to be
ninety-six years of age.

Our subject was tlio youngest of nine chil-
dren, six of whom survive. He was reared in
his native State, working oil hi^ father's farm
and attending the district school in Steuben
county and later attending the Alfred Academy
and the Teacher's [Jniversitv. doincr farm work
and teaching alternately. In 1848 ho accepted
a clerkship in a store in Allegiiany county. New
York. One of the partners, Jonathan Everetts,
and old New Hampshire man, had a library of
law books, and Mr. Mallory, while there, lie-
came interested in the study of law. In 1855,
he went to New London, iowa,. where he taught
a district school, and afterward taught a select
school, in the meantime keeping up the study
of law. In 1858, he came to Oregon, coming
by water to San Francisco, and fi'om there over-
land to this State, arriving at Jacksonville, .Ian-
nary 1, 1859. From .lacksouville he went to
Roseburg, wliore he arrived entirely destitute
of means, and where he taught school until the
spring of 18G0. He was theti admitted to the
bar, and at the election that year was chosen
District Attorney for the Southern District,
comprising Douglas, Jackson and Josephine
counties, which otHce he continued to till accept-
ably for two years. In 1862, he was elected
from Douglas county to the Legislature, and
while in Salem, attending the Session, the old-
est law firm there was broken up by the elect-
ion of B. F. Harding to the United States' Sen-
ate, and the appointinent of Joseph G. Wilson,
who was Disti'ict Attorney, to a Judgeship,
newly created for die district east (»f the (Cas-
cade mountains. This firm offered him their
liusiness, and Governor Gibbs proposed to ap-
point him District Attorney for the Third Dis-
trict. These offers he accepted, and took up
his residence in Salem. In 18fi4, lie was elected
District Attorney to succeed himself. In 1806,
he was elected to Congress, jerving two years,
after which he returned to Salem and resumed
his law practice. In 1872, he represented
Marion county in the State Legislature, and was
elected by that boily to the office of Speaker of
the House. In the fall of 1874, he received
from President Grant the appointment of
United States District Attorney for Oregon,
serving in that capacity for four years, when he
was re-appointed, his second term expiring in
1882. He was at this time selected by the

374

HlsroiiV OF UUJiOON.

\i '■

III

I'nited States' Treasurer Department to go to
Sin;;a|)()re. Inilia, to procure evidence in certain
important (jnes-tions, tlien pendini; in tiie United
States*' Court. After accoin])lisliing his inissioti
lie liept on jonrncYing, tnalcing the tour of the
world in five months. In 1883 lie and Judge
Hoilinger became memhers of the law firm of
Dolph, l!fllinger, Mallory & Simon, since
which time he lias continued in the practice of
law ill Portiund. Kach of the members of the
til .11 are men of position and influence, widely
known througiiont the State and the Northwest,
in consequence of which the Hrni enjoys a very
large ami lucrative practice.

lie was married .hine 24, 1860, to Miss Lucy
A. liose, a native of Micliigan. and a daughter
of Mr. Aaron liose, a pioneer of Oregon, and
tlie founder of the town of liosehurg. They
have one son. F.hner Ellsworth, who was born
in Salem, and who is now connected with the
I'ostal Telegraph business.

Mr. Mallory has purchased a tract of land
two miles from the city, where he lias built his
residence, a substantial and homelike building,
provided with all modern improvements; and
also commodious barns for his stock and grain.
Here, lie is giving .some attention to horticul-
ture, raising small fruits, cherries and pears,
which occupation affords him pleasure and tiie
needed relaxation from mental pursuits. He is
making his farm one of the most beautiful
places in the vicinity of Portland.

He has been identified with the liepublican
party since its organization, having rendered it
material aid on various occasions. He has can-
vassed the State several times in the interest of
its |)olitical doctrines, and has made his weight
felt in these campaigns. In his official positions,
he has been the soul of honor, winning and re-
taining the confidence of the people. In legal
practice, he has looked carefully after the in-
terests intrusted to him, serving Ills clients in an
able and upright manner. In private and do-
mestic life, he is a whole-souled gentleman, of
courteous and agreeable conversation, a pleasant
acquaintance and a delightful friend.

fOHN PA1TP:RS()N, a well-known citizen
of Salem, vas born at iJeveriy, Washington
county, Ohio, in 1842. His father was a
native of Pennsylvania, and learned the trade of
a moulder. He continued his business under

the firm name of liobertson & Patterson, at
Beverly, giving especial attention to the manu-
facture of stoves. Young Patterson grew up in
the business, and at the age of fifteen years be-
gan systematically to learn the trade of a moulder.
This lie followed until April, 1861, but with the
firing upon Fort Sumter iie threw aside his
tools and enlisted for ninety days in Company
K., Eighteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under
Colonel Stanley. He was sent to Virginia, and
served as guard on the Baltimore and Ohio
r.iilroail, also doing some skirmishing. After
about four months lie was discharged, and then
re-enlisted in Company K, Seventy-seventh
Ohio Volunteer I ""antry for three years. He
was elected Corporal of his company, under
(Colonel Hildebrand, and the regiment was
assigned to the Army of the Tennessee, under
General Sherman. At the battle of Shiloh Mr.
Patterson was wounded, and was afterward dis-
charge on account of disability. He then went
home, and upon his recovery re-enlisted in the
Fourth West Virginia Cavalry, witii the appoint-
ment of Sergeant. He had no heavy engage-
ments and was discharged at the e.xpi ration of
his term of enlistment, March 7, 186-4. He
then went to Marietta, Ohio, and later to Mc-
Connellsville, where he followed his vocation
until 1872. In that year he came to Oregon
and located in Portland. The manufacture of
stovts in Portland had jn'oven a failure becaiwe
of incompetent men, but it was left to Mr.
Patterson to disprove the conviction that it
could not be done. He was employed eighteen
months with John Lake, and then came to (ior-
vais, formed a small company and purchased
the Gervais foundry. He began the manufact-
ure of stoves and kettles, and did a general job-
bing business for three years. At the end of
that time he sold out to the Pacific Tliresliing-
Macliine Company, and followed his trade until
the company failed. Ho and Mr. Devoe then
bought the patterns, and at the penitentiary,
with convict labor, operated the foundry for two
years; they were burned out, and after this
misfortune started a foundry in town, but while
was again destroyed by the fire-spirit. Mr. Pat-
terson then engaged as general foreman with the
Northwest Stove Foundry, located at the peni-
tentiary. He held this position until 1890, when
he gave up the business.

In May, 1891, he purchased an interest in
the patent of the Crabh Iron Fence for the
State of Oregon, ai.d he is now pushing this

insTOliY OF OHUdON.

S75

business to the front. He has secured large
contracts from tlie State for fouciuij tlie State
grounds. In Marcli, 1888, he Ijought twelve
acres at the corner of Fourteenth and Ferry
streets, a part of whiiih he has divided and sold.
[lis residence was erected on the corner, and he
still owns a valuable frontage and has other im-
proved property in the town.

Mr. Patterson was married at New Lexing-
ton, Ohio, September 8, 18G4, to Miss Harriet
White, and of this union have been born three
children: Annie L., wife of C. Krigbaum;
Stella, wife of Richard Mason; and John It.
Our subject is a member of the G. A. R., and
is richly deserving of this honor. Ho belongs
to the A. 0. IJ. W. and to the I. O. O. F.

fL. P O S S () N, one of the active business
men of Portland, was born in Rockford,
* Illinois, in 1839. His parents, Jacob
and Mary (Sherwood) Posson, were natives of
New York State, subsequently emigrating to
Illinois, where Mr. Posson engaged in farming,
and also carried on a cooperage establishment
until his death, in 1842.

t)ur subject was second in a family of three
children, and was reared and educated by his
mother, in Rockford. In the spring of 1856
he went to Loukport, New York, to learn the
trade of carriage and sign painting, and served
three years' apprenticeship, fie then returned
to Rockford and opened a shop, which he con-
tinued until 1861, when, with the outbreaking
of the civil war he was one of the first to re-
spond to the call for ninety-day mers, and en-
listed in Company U, Eleventh Illinois Infantry,
serving his time in southern Illinois and Mis-
souri. Ho was then mustered out. In 1864
he re-enlisted for one year in Battery A, First
Illinois Artillery, and served until the close of
the war, when he was honorably discharged.

After his return from the war he continued
his profession in Rockford, a manufacturing
city of about 27,000 inhabitants. He was a
charter menibei' of Nevius Post, Ci. A. R., of
Rockford, Illinois, and was also very active in
•temperance and church work. In the fall of
1882 ho removed to Oregon and purchased a
home on East Stark and Twenty-eighth streets.
East Portland. Mr. Posson continued in the
painting business in East Portland until July,
1890, when, with h's son Ony, the firm of F.

L. Posson & Son was organized, and tln^y pur-
chased the seed business of Miller Hi-others, one
of the oldest seed firms of the city, continuing
their office at 309 Second street and trial
grounds for testing seeds on the ba-e-line-road,
East Portland. They are extensive growers of
the larger seeds, such as peas, beans, corn,
buckwheat and grass seeds, and are Pacilio
coast agents of 1). M. Ferry & ('ompany, of
Detroit, Michigan, the largest vegetable seed
house on the continent; also Paci lie coast agents
of A. I. Root, of Medina, Ohio, who is gener-
ally conceded to be the largest manufacturer of
apiary supplies in the world. Posson & Son
also handle Imperial egg food, fertilizers and a
general assortment cf fruit trees, flowering
plants and shrubs.

Mr. Posson was married in Rockford, in 1863,
to Marietta Nashold, a native of New York,
and they have six children, namely: Leora. wife
of Edward Schraeer; Guy, Lorena, Olive E. and
Wilbur F. The oldest 'son, Guy, was born in
Rockford, Illinois, in 1868, and educated in his
native city. Upon coming to Oregon he en-
tered the store of H. Hanson, the pioneer seed
merchant, and subsequently became traveling
salesman for E. J. Howen^ seed tnerchant, of
San Francisco, remaining iti his employ for
about seven years, traveling throughout the
Northwest and becoming thoroughly familiar
with the trade and the people, thus becoming
eminently fitted to engage in the business.

He was married in Portland, in 1888, to
Miss Lulu McGowan, and they have one child,
Mabel. The family reside at East Park and
Twenty-sevenlh streets, where they have a com-
fortable residence, which was completed in
1888.

T'iW firm has made rapid progress in the en-
terprise, and has already become a leading ,
factor in the seed business of the Northwest.

PENJAMIN T. FLINT, one of the most
prosperous farmers and widely known and
liighly respected citizens of Washington
county, Oregon, residing near Scholl's Ferry,
was born near Quincy, Adams county, lUitiois,
April 9, 1836. His parents, Arial and Peces
(Pinnoy) Flint, were born, reared and married
in Connectioui. His mother was a daughter of
Judge Pinuey of that State, who belonged to

I!,

n I

if.

3;o

UISTOUY OF OliEQON.

ail old and prominent family of tiiat eominon-
wealtii. After iiiarria<;e, this yonnj; couple re-
moved to the Western frontier, ns Illinois was
then called, where they enija^ed snceessfully in
fanning. They had four children: Henry P.,
a resident of iSan Hnonaventiira, California;
Aineliil, wife of Iloyt Foster, a railroad man of
Albany, New York; lilizabcth, widow of A.
W. Allen, residiiif^ in Springtield, Massaehn-
Bctts; and the subject of this sketcdi, who was
the third chiUl. When he was two years of age,
his mother died, after which his father remar-
ried and went to Ohio, where he resided until
his death, at the age of forty-nine years. By
his sccoikJ marriage he had four children, all of
whom live in California.

Mr. Flint, of this i)iography, spent his earlier
years in Illinois and Ohio, until, at the age of
"thirteen years, when his father died, he went to
Connecticut and lived with his grandfather
Pinney. In 1850, being then twenty years of
age, lie sailed for San Francisco, and for a num-
ber of years, after arriving in California, worked
at sheep herding in Monterey county. lie
saved his wages and learned the business, and
soon started on his own account, with a herd of
245 sheep, which he bought. In this venture
he was greatly prospered, following it for twelve
years, until 18H8. lie then sold out and re-
turned P2ast, where he was married, October 21,
of that year, to Miss Julia Lawrence, born April
2(5, 1848. in Worcester county, Massachusetts.
Her lather, Samuel Lawrence, was a man of
considerable note, a native of Maine and of
English ancestry. After marriage, Mr. Flint
returned with his wife to the West and pur-
chased the land on which he now resides. This
included 800 acres, which he secured at the
nominal price of .^'10 an acre, and which com-
prised all of Judge lliimplirey's donation claim
and other land, which is bounded on the back
by the Tualatin river. Neither time nor money
has been spared in its improvement, and it has
responded generously to th« care lavished upon
it, yielding bounteous harvests of the choicest
fruits and grains. In 1881 Mr. Flint erected a
commodious farm residence, which stands on a
slight eleration well back, near the middle of
tiie farm. Hack of the house and beyond a
slight depression, on two knolls, stand two large
barns, which accommodate his grain anl stock.
This depression is laid with tile drainage, pre-
venting the accumulation of superfluous water
in wet weather. From the inclosure, surround-

ing his residence, gates open into lanes leading
to the several tields. The front yard is filled
with flowers in summer, with neatly kept walks
and lawn, the whoie wearing an air of thrift
and contentment most pleasing to behold. In-
deed, the writer of this sketch, has not met in
the whole of Oregon a more thrifty, Ijetter im-
proved or better tiled farm than this one, the sight
of which creates a desire to live amid rural
scenes. It is not surprising that Mr. Flint
should love the place and be tirinly determined
to live and die on it. He and his worthy wife
have two Sims, who are now yuung men: Arthur
Penjamin, born March 8, 1870; and Harry
Lawrence, born February lit, 1873. Both were
reared on the farm anil educated at the State
University, and both are now at home, aiding
their father in managinij the farm.

Politically, Mr. Flii lias been a reliable Ke-

fubliean since the -organization of tlie party,
le is an active member of tlie Grange, to whicli
he has belonged for many years.

As a husband, father, business man and citi-
zen, he has always been characterized by the
most sterling qiialitieB of mind and heart, and
justly enjoys the eontidence and esteem of his
community.

*i=-

-=$t.

iLBERT N. MOORKS is one of Salem'd
native sons, and one of her most reliable
and promising young business men. He
was born in this city ilay 12, 1855, a son of
tlie Hon. John II. Moore, one of Oregon's
worthy pioneers, now deceased. (See sketch of
Hon. John H. Moores.) The paternal grand-
father, Co'oiiel Isaac li. Moores, was a native of
Kentucky, he served in the Seminole war in
Florida, in the Black Hawk war of 1831, and
in the war with Mexico, in 1846. He emigrated
to Oregon in 1852, and became prominently
identified with the affairs of his town and
county. He represented Lane county in the
Territorial Legislature, and was a member of
the Constitutional Convention ; he was the choice
of his party for State Senator, in 1860, and was
a candidate upon the Repuiiliean ticket. He
died in 1861. John H. Moores married Miss
Virginia Lamon, a native of Virginia, and a
member of an old family of that State. She
was reared in Illinois, and became the motlier
of seven children, on? of whom die<l in infancy.

niSTOUY OF ORBGON.

277

Albert N. is the youngest son. He received
his education in the public schools of Baleni and
in the Willamette University, j);raduating at
the latter institntion in 1876.

After leaving school he succeeded liis father
in the lumber business, and is now secretary and
manager of the Capital Lumbering Company,
of wliich lie is also a stockholder. He is a
man of energy and enterprise, is careful and
painstaking; in the details of all transactions,
and is hif^hly regarded in commercial circles.

Mr. Moores was married May 26, 1885, to
Mis.s Cora L. Dickenson, a native of Salem and
the daugliter of Jiev. Obed Dickinson, whose
history appears elsewhere in this book. Mr.
and Mrs. Moores are the parents of two children,
Ralph D. a!id Althea E. Mr. Moores is an ex-
empt fireman and an esteemed member of the
I. O. (). F., l)eing Past Grand of Chemeketa
Lodge, No. 1.

fOLONEL R. W. MITCHELL, Adjutant-
General of the State of Oregon, was born
in Schenectady, New York, in August,
18i5. His father, James Mitchell, was a native
of the north of Ireland, his- mother, Margaret
(Creighton) Mitchell, was born in Calcutta, East
India, a daughter of Lieutenant- Colonel William
Creighton of the Eight Hussars. Coming to
United States and locating at Schenectady, Mr.
Mitchell was first engaged as contractor in the
buildincr of the Albany & Sciienectady rail-
road, J., -equently engaging in mercantile pur-
suits, which he followed until 1859, wlien he re-
moved to Albany, New York, where he passed
the closing years of his life.

Our subject was educated at the common
schools of Schenectady and Albany with a fin
ishing coarse under private tuition. In 1862
young Mitchell entered the office of Walter
Dickson to take up the study of architectural
drawing, which he pursued until August 26,
1863, when he enlisted in the army. lie joined
the Eigteentli New York Cavalry and with
them was sent to the Department of the Gulf.
In the line of duty he was promoted to the rank
of Acting Sergeant.

In September, 1864, he was detailed for
special duty and sent to the Department of North
Carolina, and in April, 1865, to Hart's Island,
New York, with frequent trips to the front.

participating in the engagement at Faison's
Station, North Carolina, and in several skir-
mishes on the Nciise river. He was captured on
the night of February 14, 1865, by a detach-
ment of Hood's men, but escaped on the third
night, returning to the Union army and was
mustered out May 24, following. Returning to
Atl)any, New York, he performed the duties of
bookkeeper for four years and was then ap-
pointed stenographer to the Chief Clerk of the
Treasury De|)Hrtment at Washington, D. C.

Among other commissions of trust, and re-
sponsibilty, he made one trip to London, Ii)ng-
land, to deliver into the hands of Howies
Brothers, bankers, $5,000,000 in United States
Government bonds. In January, 1870, he was
appointed stenographer to the Court of Com-
missioners of the Alabama Claim, remaining
with the court until its dissolution by law in
1875. Mr. Mitchell was then appointed private
secretary to Hon. Carl Schurz, Secretary of the
Interior, and was frequently sent to New York
with amounts ranging from $1,000,000 to $2,-
000,000 in Government bonds.

In 1878 Mr. Mitchell was appointed Special
Agent of the Interior Department to inspect
the different land offices on the Pacific coast,
accompanying the commissioner of the general
land office. While on this duty, Mr. Mitchell
becoming interested in mining in Arizona, re-
signed his position and followed mining specu-
lations about two years, which resulted rather
disastrously. In the fall of 1879 he was ap-
pointed Reporter of the Supreme Court of Ari-
zona, by Governor John C. Fremont, and held
the position long enough to learn that the
Legislature had failed to make an appropriation
for his salary. He was then re-appointed to
duty under the Interior Department by Secre-
tary Schurz, and investigated a great many
alleged frauds successfully, among them being
the great surveying frauds in California and
illegal transactions in the Indian service in
California and Arizona.

In 1880 our subject came to the Northwest on
the same duty, and after a year's service in the
land department was appointed by Henry Villsrd
as Land Commissioner of the Oregon Improve-
ment Company, which controlled a vast domain
in eastern Washington. In 1882 he was ap-

fiointed Chief Clerk of the Northern Pacific Land
)ep«rtmet, and in 1887 by Lazard Freres was
appointed Land Agent of the AVillainette valley
and Cascade mountain military wagon roao,

27a

iiisTonr OF onuGoN.

whieli jjositioii he occupies at this time, having
tiie niaiuif^eineiit of upward of 1,000,000 acrea
of land ill < )regon.

In the two positions last named, Mr. Mitchell
has manaf^ed the examinations and appraisal of
upward of 5,000,000 acres of land and can tell
to the fraction of a mill what it has cost to ex-
amine every acre. In 1888 he was appointed
Assistantant Adjutant-General of the State of
Oregon l)y Governor Sylvester Pennoyer, and '
October, 18S)1. he was made Adjutant-General.
In .January, 1801, he was elected manager of
the Portland Industrial Exposition, and was
unanimously re-elected in ilanuary, 1892.

Our subject was married in Crreenville, Mis-
sissippi, in 1878, to Miss Anna G. Elliott, a
native of the same State. He has four children:
Orrel.J., Robert C, Walter and Elliott Maxwell.

Colonel Mitchell is a member of Georj^e
Wright Post, G. A. R. and of the M. P. (). E.
He passed twelve years in the literary world and
gained great prominence as a humorous and de-
scriptive writer, five of .these years being a
special contributor to the Daily Oregonian over
tlie name of Rabelais. With his multiplicity
of duties Oolonel Mitchell no longer courts the
muses, but as a shrewd conservative business
man is favorably known throughout the North
west.

'ILLIAM M. McLEOI), a prominent
lumber manufacturer of Washington
county, Oregon, is a native of New
Brunswick, born October 27, 1820, son of Cap-
tain William and Jenette (.Morrison) McLeod,
both natives of Invernesshire, Scotland, whence
they emigrated with their parents to Charlotte
county. New Hrunswick. Eleven children were
born to them, seven sons and four daughters.

Our sul)ject was the fourth son and was edu-
cated principally in his native country. In
1846 he went to the State of Maine and en-
gaged in th(i lumber buBiness, which, he has con-
tinued ever since. Mr. McLeod first worked
for wages, Icarnitig the business, in the mills.
After becoming proficient in his chosen occu-
pation, he engaged in manufacturing and build-
ing. During his residence in Maine, Mr. Mc-
Leod's principal occupation consisted in getting
logs in winter and making them into lumber
the following summer.

In the fall of 1851 he, with his wife and one

child, took passage in the shin Vunetia, lum-
ber-laden, from St. Stephen's, New Brunswick
via C'ape Horn for San Fraiuiisco, Captain Ab
saloni (Christie in command. The ship was
wrecked in February, 1852, in the gulf stream,
with forty passengers and her crew, making
fifty-two souls on board. After five days and
nights of intense suffering they were rescued
from their perilous condition by Captain Win.
Drinkwater of the bark Iliero of Yarmouth,
Maine, who, after twenty days' sail, landed
them inFayall one of the Azores islands, where
they remained near two months, awaiting pas-
sage in the good bark I. ()., Captain Pillsburg,
for Boston. After this they returned to Calais,
Maine, their former home, destitute of cash and
nearly so of clothing, but thankful to the Giver of
all good tiiat they had escaped with their lives.

Then followed seven years of close applica-
tion to business, in which he succeeded in pro-
viding a home for the family, and. leaving
them thus comfortably supplied for a season,
he with characteristic energy, left the loved
ones at home and started a second time for the
shores of the Pacific, the reputed land of gold.

In 1859 Mr. McLeod came to the coast, via
Isthmus of Panama. Upon lauding in San
Francisco he remained in the coast counties for
three years and was also engaged in the mines
in El Dorado county, on the American river.
After gathering some gold, he came to Puget
sound, in the fall of 1862 and was engaged in
lumbering. In the fall of 1804 he came to
Polk county, Oregon, where he met his family,
after nearly five years of separation, and resided
for a time near Dallas. In 1867 he came to
Forest Grove, where he now has a sawmill,
near Dilley station, three miles south of Forest
Grove. Mr. McLeod built a mill on Gale's
Creek, that now bears his name, in 1868. In
1889 he built his present mill, with a capacity
of 1,000 feet of lumber per hour. A largo
amount of his manufacture is sold at the mill,
but he has also shipping facilties, both north
and south by Southern Pacific (Company's rail
road. He has, a fine body of aeh, fir and cedar
timber near his mill, with good floating water
for logs in the Tualatin river and its tributa-
ries. In addition to his other interests, Mr.
McLeod is engageg in farming. For twelve
years he served as Postmaster and railroad
agent at Dailley. From 1879 to 1889 he was
engaged in merchandising.

In 1849 Mr. McLeod married Miss Peers, a

llIsrOHY Oh' OU&'OON.

279

native of Nova Scotia, born in 182l>, daiifrhter
of Mr. D. B. Peers, of Wallace, the same pliice.
Mr. and Mrs. Mclieod Ijave liad seven cliildren,
namely: Frederick 8., Marian L.: William E.,
superintendent of his father's mill; Annies E.,
wife of Mr. Nels W. Durham, editor of the
S|>okane Falls Review; A. i^. McLeod, railroad
aijent at Gaston and is runniutf a warehouse at
Jorest Grove; Jean and Mahle. The last two
named are hotli in Portland and are employed
on the Oregonian force. Mr. and Mrs. McLeod
are both members of the Congregational Church
at Forest Grove. In politics he is a Republi-
can and the family are highly respected and es-
teemed. Mr. McLeod is u business man of in-
tegrity and ability.

S. McCOMAS is one id' the pioneers of
eastern Oregon who came to Baker
I* county in 1802. He was born in Adams
county, Ohio, January 23. 1839, and his father,
John McComas, was a native of Kentucky, who
came to Ohio when a young man, where he mar-
ried Miss Jennetta Carr, a native of Ohio. In
1844 Mr. McComas moved to Montgomery
county, Indiana, where our subject received a
common-school education, but he has since re-
ceived the greater part of his education in the
school of experience.

Our subject was the oldest child in a family
of eight children horn to his parents. In lSf)2
he came across the plains and settled at Auburn,
where he engaged in mining and prospecting.
While he was out on a prospecting tour with
several others they were surprised by a band of
Indians. Mr. McComas received a bullet-shot
in the leg and was wounded by a poisoned ar-
row in the back of his right hand. The party
made its escape with six wounded, one of whom
afterward died, but they had a hard fight and
several of the Indians were killed. Our sub-
ject has heen in several Indian wars. He was
out with Citizen Volunteers against the JSez
Perces under Chief Joseph in the Wallowa val-
ley and also took an active part in the Bannock
campaign, in 1878.

Our subject came to La Grande, Union
county, in 1864, and clerked in a store for two
years. In 1866 he was elected County Clerk
and was re-elected in 1868. For eight years
he published a paper called the Mountain

Sentinel which he started in 1868, and then
sold out aiid received the appointment from
the I^egislature as Register of the State Land
office. He served for four years and then went
into the real-estate business, which he followed
for two years. At this time he made the grand
discovery of reducing the water of Medical lake,
by which he could utilize the salt, and he trav-
eled over the Eastern States advertising it, and
is still supplying the drug stores througliout
the United States.

In 1890 our subject returned to La Grande
and started the Grande lionde Chronicle in con-
nection with W. A. Parker and he is still en-
gaged upon that paper in connection with that
profitable business, real-estate dealing, and has
published 40.000 c<>pies of a book, of 100 pages,
describing the valley in wliich he now lives. He
has extensive mining interests, and, from his
knowledge, acquired by years of experience in
this country, is well (jualitied to give home-
seekers and investors valuable information.

Mr. McComas was married in 1867, to Miss
Harriet M. Welsh, a native of Iowa, and they
have one daughter, Janetta E. McComas, born
in 1870. Mrs. McCoraas came to Oregon in
1867 by way of the Isthmus of Panama. Ho
is a member of tiie K. of P., also of theordorof
Red Men and of the Odd Fellows. Politically,
Mr. McComas is a Democrat.

[IIOMAS G. HAILEY, the subject of this
sketch, was born in La Grande, Union
county, Oregon, July 13, 1865, and is the
fourth child in a family of six children of the
Hon. John Hailey and Louisa M. Hailey, nee
Griffin. He comes of the pioneer stock of the
State, his father having crossed the plains in
1852, and his mother in company with her
father and family, having come to the State in
1848 after a perilous jonrney across the plains,
and settled in southern Oregon. During his
infancy Mr. Hailey's parents removed to Boise
City, Idaho, where he grew to manhood, and
where his father was engaged in staging, stock-
raising and divers other pursuits for several
years, and was also a member of the Territorial
Legislature and twice a delegate to Congress as
a Democrat from the Territory of Idaho.

After attending the public schools of ins
adopted town he decided upon the law as a pro-

2bl»

UISTOUY OF UUKOON.

t'essioti in liis early iimnhood, and entered the
law ottice of Cox & Minor, in Pendleton, Ore-
\ip\\, where he r>5iriaine(l for a time, and then
entered Washinj^ton and Lee University ut Lex-
ington, Virjiinia, where he spent two years in
the literary dej)artinent and two years in the
law school, from which latter ho j^radnated in
1889, ami at onco returned to his native State
and began the practice of his profession in
Pendleton, Orejjon, where lie now I'esides and
is a tnemher of the law firm of Ilailey »fe Low-
ell, enteri)rising and energetic yoniig lawyers,
whose hnsiness is constantly increasing. Shortly
after his return to Pendleton he was appointed
Clerk of the Supreme Court of the State for the
Eaiiterii District holding terms at Pendleton,
which position he still holds and has filled with
satisfaction to the bar an<l public.

In July, 1892, he was married to Miss Maud
L. Peach, of Ackley, Iowa, lie is thoroughly
identitied witii the social, business and all other
interests of his town, and zealous in the pro-
motion of its prosperity. Devoted to his pro-
fession and impressed with its dignify and im-
portance he studiously pnrsues his way, anil
with his strong personality and mental energy
cannot fail to impress himself forcibly upon
his generation.

tON. WILLIAM A. MILLS might be called
one of the banner pioneers of Oregon, in-
asmuch as he belongs to that favored few
who preceded the general emigration, having
made his appearance on the then wild and un-
developed scene in 1843, whicli is probably the
first year in which white men began to settle in
this locality. He is a native of Tennessee,
where he was born September 1, 1826.

His father, Isaac Mills, was a native of l*Jorth
Carolina, and was descended from a family of
prominence and influence in that State, who
were early settlers of the commonwealth. Isaac
was raised in his native State, and was married
there to Miss Rachel Hales, a native of the same
State. They afterward moved to Tennessee,
and later to Indiana, whence they went to Ar-
kansas, and finally, in 1843, crossed the plains
to Oregon. He was truly a pioneer of pioneers,
having been an early settler of all the first men-
tioned States. They had thirteen chihlren, six
of whom are now living, three sons and three
daughters.

From Fort Hall they came in company with
Dr. Whitman, who is widely and favorably
known in this locality. Their jouruev was un-
disturbed by the ravages of cholera or the
molestations of Indians. Arriving in Oregon,
they located in VVasiiington county, on a fork
of Dairy creek, where they pre-empted a mile
square of land, which they improved and on
which they continued to reside for many years,
and a number of survivors of the family still
live in that (-ounty. The father died on the old
homestead, aged eighty-sijc years, and the mother
died at the residence of her daughter, Mi's.
Thomburg, in 1890, in her ninety-seventh
year. They were a truly noble couple, and in-
herited all of the best qualities of the Southern
people, being thoroughly hospitable and ovor-
nowing with generous impulses, and were
greatly endeared to a host of friends, who uni-
versally mourned their loss.

Their sou, William A. Mills, was seventeen
years of age when he arrived in Oregon. To
quote his words, he was " born in Tennessee,-
but was raised on the road, with little opportu-
nity for education, having attended school but
five months." Hence we have before us the
unfolding of a self-educated and self-made life,
which is always interesting to a student of
human nature.

In 1862 he purchased the old homestead on
which his father first settled. He then assidu-
ously set about cultivating this wonderfully fer-
tile soil, which had never been disturbed before.
His efforts were very successful, his crops being
abundant, for which the prices were good. He
thus accumulated much means, some of which
he expended in impnivements on his farm, chief
among which was the erection of a substantial
residence, and good barns for his grain and
stock, thus greatly adding to the value of the
place. He continued to reside here until 1873,
when he removed to Clackamas, where he
bought village proj)erty, on which he erected a
residence and a building, which is now used as
a store, ticket office and for the post office of
the town. Mrs. Mills was Postmistress of the
town under the administration of President
U. S. Grant. Mr. Mills has also owned prop-
erty and resided in Marion and Multnomah
counties.

In March, 1848, Mr. Mills was married to
Mrs. Rachel Fisher, a native of Indi.ina, whose
liusband, J. H. Fisher, died on the road to Ore-
gon, in 1847. She was the daughter of lieuben

IIIHTOHY Oh' OREOOS.

281

Joy. of lown. Tliey liad six cliildreii, five of
wlioin are now living. Uiiciu'l W. died aged
three years, and the tbUowint; cliildren reside in
Waaliington county: .Folin M.; Mary E., now
tlio wife of Mr. B. Ingalls; Laura, wife of Mr.
Henton I'iiillips; HIba J., wife of Kiiaa Fowler;
and Albert W., who resides in Clauknnms. In
1868 tiie devoted wife and mother, wlio for
twenty years had known no interest but that of
her huHlmnd and children, was called to her re-
ward, leaving a stricken family and numerous
friends to mourn her loss.

In 1874 Mr. Mills married A[rs. Mary E.
0»pps, a highly estimable lady, and the widow
of Mr. John Capps.

Mr. Mills has been a consistent fiepublican
and a strong (Jnion man. and has taken a deep
interest in the welfare of his State. He was
instrumental in the organization of that party
in this locality, having attended the first meet-
ing of the party in the Territory. In 1870 he'
was nominated for the State Legislature by his
party, to which position he was elected, and in
the fulfillment of his duties displayed ability
and honor.

lie has assiduously subserved the interests of
his co-workers, the farmers, and has acted for a
number of years as President of the County
Agricultural Society and also' as Vice-President
of the State Agricultural Society, in both of
which positions he has done able service.

He has been a leading temperance man, is a
member of the Uood Templars, having Hlled all
its offices, and is a representative of the State
Lodge. Since 1884 he has worked with the
Prohibition party, anil says the "saloons must
go."

Forty-nine of the best and most useful years
of Mr. Mills' life have been devoted to the ad-
vanceinent and general welfare of his adopted
State. In his position as Representative he
assisted in the enacting of good laws for his
State, and in his position as citizen he has
assisted in the enforcing of the same, and he is
now enjoying his reward in the esteem of his
fellow- men.

UlAULES C. WILLIAMS, one of the rep-
utable representative citizens of Clacka-
_ mas county, Oregcm, residing near Oregon
City, is a native of FInosburg, Franklin county,
Vermont, born November 30, 1880. He is of

old ICnglisli Puritan ancestry; the family of his
name wliicli lamled on Plymouth Pock that
bleak winter of 1020 were ancestors of our
subject. From there the Williams family scat-
tered in time all over New England, and became
inrtuential and prominent in every State. The
grandfather was David Williams, anil became a
soldier in the Ilevolutionary war, and our sub-
ject now has in his possession the powder-horn
of the <dd patriot, which, with his fiint-lock
musket, went with him all through that long
struggle for independence. David Williams
died in Enosburg, Franklin county, Vermont,
in his ninety-ninth year.

The son of the Ilevolutionary hero was Isaiah
Williams; he was born in Ipswich, New Hamp-
shire. He married Miss Martha Teniiy, a native
of Boston, and removed to Vermont, and later
to Massachusetts, where he died when the sub-
ject of this sketch was only six years of age, and
the mother died that same year, both in their
forty-eiglith year. They had a family of ton
children; one of these was killed by an accident,
at tiie asje of ten years; two of the daughters
married ministers; one of the brothers is now a
leadincr minister in the Congrestational denomi-
nation in Chicago, and atiother is a prominent
lawyer in New York city. Another of this
family bravely started out for himself when he
was but a lad, and recently died in Buffalo, a
rich man, being estimated to have been worth
$10,000,000.

Dur subject was the youngest child in the
family, and was reared near New York from his
eleventh year. He was educated in an academy
at Auro' ., and at Buffalo, Erie county, and has
since that time principally devoted himself to
farming. The marriage of our subject took
place in 1855, to Miss Chestina C. Barker, a
native of Evans, Erie county, New York, b.)rn
in 1836. After their marriage they resided in
Now York for fourteen years, and there were
born to them the following children, namely:
Ella E.. Thornt(m L, Wallace W. and Charles T.
The latter died in his fourth year.

In 1875 the family came to Oregon, and re-
mained in Portland for one year, and then came
to Clackamas county, purchasing a farm one
mile south of Oregon City, and on this property
he has since re.sided, improving and prospering.
In 1878 our subject erected a good residence in
a very desirable locality, as from it there is a
fine view of the country and the surrounding
mountains, especially of grand old Mount Hood.

Ir;

'JSO

insToiir ny oreoon.

Mr. Williams Ims (limit gome in rijiil estate,
iiiiil tlu! pnipt^i'ty wliicli lie first luni^ilit linn ho
iiiitrciintMl in \iilne that lie. iiiis fdiiiid it ii inost
[irotitaiilt) iiivcrttiiioiit. Oregon City is fast
i^i'dwini^ (Hit in tiiat iliicctioii. Mr. WilliaiiiH
liccaiiiu a Vdt'M' wlicii the j;r(!at (jiiestioii of tiiu
t'Xturi8ii)n of slavery into tlie new Territory was
iiiulor (liseiisgion, and lii.s first vote was east for
AUraliani Linuoln, and ever since that time he
has been a stronjr adherent of the principles
held hy the ivopiihlicaii party. lie is a mem-
ber of the .Masonie tVaternity, and was a (diarter
menilier ()f the (Trano;e, l)ein(^ now Past Master
of that order, and has iriven them all the aid in
his power.

()iir subject and family are very highly
esteemed, and his honorable life has bronffht its
own reward. He enj(jys the respect of all
wherever ho is known.

fi'/9«-i61!a

fKMHROKE GAULT. an honored Orej^on
j)ione(ir of 1852, now deceased, was born
^ 111 Guilford, State of Vermont, .Fuly 12,
1817. (Traiidfatlier Gr.ult emi(;rated from Scot-
land and settled in Vermont. His son, John
Gaiilt, was a soldier in the Revolution, and his
son was I'einbroke Gault. the fourth son in a
family of nine children. When he was seven
years of ago he went to the State of Massachu-
setts, and was there reared until he became of
Hife, by General Harney. From that State he
removed to Missouri, and April 10, 1842, he
married Miss Elizabeth Mcl.ain. a native of the
State of Kentucky, born March 20, 1819, a
daughter of Daniel McLain, a native of Lex-
ington, Kentucky. After marriage tJHiy removed
to Iowa, takini; a farm, in Davis county, from
the Government, and this farm they improved.
On this farm five children were born in the
family of Mr. (iaiilt, namely: Daniel, wiio died
at Pilot Rock, Oregon, February 2(), 1880.
His wife, whose name before marriage was
(larry Tuttle, died only two weeks |)revious.
Their two children. Lewis and .fesse E., now
reside at Pendleton, Oregon. The other fjiir
children of Mr. Gault are: Mary E., now Mrs.
G. T. Goss, who resides in Vancouver; Lucy
C, who now is Mrs. W. N. Puchanan, and re-
sides in Portland; Perris. who died in his third
year; and Roxaiia, who became the wife of
M. T. Patten, and resides at Forest Grove.

With tliis littli^ family Mr. and Mrs. Gault
started to cross the plains. April l.'), 18,52.
Mr. (iaillt's brother had married .Mrs. Gault's
sister, and with their family of live (diildren
aceompanieil our subj(M-t and family. They had
ten yoke of ox(^n and (piitc a number of loos(^
cattle, 'i'hey had a large emigrant wanton, and
had everything as comfortable ai» traveling in
those days, and through that country, coiild be
made.

This was the great cholera year, and some
died with it, one little daughter of our subject,
three years of age, falling a victim. They left
her little body near the Riirnt Hills, on Smoke
river, and sadly started on their way. A great
deal of snow fell, and there was much sutTering,
aijd to add to their tronlile, five yoke of their
o.xen ate something wdiich caused their death.
Aside from these troublet" the |)arfy made a
safe journey, and arrived at the Dalles Septem-
ber 17, came down tlu; river in boats to Sandy,
wli(!re they landed, and went two miles below
Portland and wintered. In February. 1853,
they came to the donation claim and purchased
the right to 320 acres of bind of Mr. Allen
Richardson. It was timbered land, wlii(di was
difficult to clear, but he worked hard and made
of it a fine farm. Later he added eighty acres.

In politics, Mr. Gault was a Republican, and
wa.s interested in all of the offices of the c()Unty,
although he did not hold any but that of Road
Overseer in his vicinity, which position he b(dd
for many years. He and his wife had been
Mtithodists since 184:4. and he had i>een one of
the strongest pillars of the church, serviiijj in
an official capacity for many years. He was a
man of great integrity of character, a good
citixen, a loving husband and an indulgent
father. His death occurred, of heart failure,
July 23, 1887. He had just lived his three-
score years and ten, and while his death was most
keenly felt by his bereaved widow and children,
they had the gniat consolation in feeling that
their loss was his eternal gain.

In Oregon four children were added ta the
family, namely: Hannah T., who is now Mrs.
R. L. Durham, of Portland; (/liarles, who re-
sides in the State of Washington; Fremont D.
is on the donation claim; and Eiini(!e G. is now
the wife of E. AI. Sargent, of Portland. Fre
mont D., who is now on the donation claim, was
born June 21, 1859. He was reared on the
farm, and attended the pui)lic schools in his
vicinity. January 26, 1880, he was married to

llWTOItY OF oiimiou.

■Mi

AfiKs Affiles »N[. MciKerimii, who wbs liorn in
Wii;*liiiii;t()ii t!oiiiity, ii ilaii<i;lit»M' of Joliii Me-
Kt'i'imii, who emiifi to Orcfron in 1852, and the
8tup-(lau^hter of Joiin Groner, iilso a worthy
Oregon j)ionei!r.

Mr. anil Mri». Fremont Gaiilt havo three
chihh'on, nanioiy: Knnict' M., (Jiiuster C. uiui
John P. Mr. (taiilt is an unturprisin^ fanner,
nnil lias a very nien homo which he lias recently
had i)uilt, and lie and hi8 good wife are tine
representatives of the soiis and danfjiiters of
t)regon. lie is a niemiier of the I. (). O. F.,
ajid also of the A. (). U. \V., and is Fast Master
of tile latter an<i has held all of the otfiees in the
order. His politics are licpuhliean. His mother
now resides with him, and in her seventy-fourth
year, is in good health, and possesses the respect
and atiection of all who know her.

fOllN C. YOUNG of Baker City, Uma-
tilla county, Oregon, was horn in Salt Lake
City, Utah, December 21, 1851, the son of
Joseph and Lucinda (Alleti) Young, received
his education in the common scho(jls and the
university of the Territory, read law one year,
and, at the age of twenty -two, engaged in news-
paper work, accepting a position on the editorial
staff of the Salt Lake Trihune as a reporter.
For five years, during which the Tribune passed
through the stormiest period of its e.xistence,
he remained on the paper, a notable work of his
during that period being the reporting for the
Associated Press and the Tribune, the second
trial of John D. Lee, tlie notorious leader in
the Mountain Meadow massacre. He also
wrote a series of letters, over the nom de |)lume
of " Gin.y," ridiculing the Mormon hierarchy,
which letters are still vividly recalled by all old-
time residents of Utah for their broad humor
and the home-thrusts they gave his prophet
" uncle," Briglmm Young.' In 1879 he went
to Idaho and engaged in mining for the next
two years, subsequently returning to Salt Lake,
where he was again employed on the staff of
the Tribune, and remained with that paper
until 1887, when he einigrated to Baker City,
Oregon. He has entirely abandoned new^spaper
work, and devotes himself e.xclusively to min-
ing in his new home, where he has a group of
gold mines he is developing, and which he is
sangnine will make him wealthy.

The father of our subject waa born in Massa-

chusetts and went to Utah in 1840, where ho
was made a High Priest in the Mormon hictr-
archy, under his brother, Hrigham Young.
John ('., was born and reared a Mormon, but
renounced that faith as soon as he was old
enough to think for himself. The evils in the
Church as he saw them led him to desire to
ex|)oso them, and this a deciiled literary taste
enabled him to do. Coming into possession of
an old press, he started a paper thoroughly
anti-Mormon in its views, the first issue of
which attracted vide notice and caused great
indigiuition among the -saints." He contin-
ued its pulilication until called to the Triliuue,
then a newly started paper, rather timid in its
attitude toward the Chundi. This changed
with Mr. Young's coming on it. Knowing its
secret workings and its evils, with every issue he
poured hot shot into the ranks '.(f the enemy,
proving the most formidable adversary they
had until then encountered. Mr. Young finally
left Utah, because he grew weary of the ostra-
cism and the persecution. Now things are
different, as Mr. Young visited his old home
two years ago, and was receiveil handsomely by
his relatives and friends of the Mormon Church,
aiul some of the Ap.)Btle8 liave visited him in
Baker City. They were desiious of building a
railroad through the luinbe" "egion of this
county and were most agreea ,i_, surprised when
he assured them he should not oppose them, as
they feared his antagonism. The road was
built and is doing well. Our subject is living
happily with wife and tine children at Baker
City.

-s-^=^'#>|«5>f€'^

>f«=-

L. ANDEIISON, Captain of Battery A,
First Artillery, (Jregon National (iiiards,
|a was born in Palmyra, Missouri, January
30, 1855.

His father, liufus E. Anderson, a native of
Kentucky, emigrated to Missouri in his boy-
hood. When he grew older he studied law, and
in due time began the practice of his profession
at Palmyra, where he still lives and conducts a
successful practice. He married Miss Cornelia
Thompson, a native of Virginia. Of their nine
children, the subject of our sketch is the the
oldest.

Captain Anderson received his education at
Central College, of Fayette, and at Pritchell In-
stitute, Glascow, Missouri, where he graduated

■J84

HlHTOltY i>V OHKOON.

in YHT.^. Ill' tliL'ii comiiiciiccil tlic Htiiily "f liiw
witli liif* riitlicr. A yciir liiti'i', limvi'vcr, lie j^iivc
up till tlidUjfht (if lifcoiiiiii;; It iiiwvtir mill turned
liM iittciition to niilroiulinj/. Ilin first ciijjhj^o-
iiiiMil will* with th(.' St. .Icini'pli »V. Di'iivor iJit.y
ruilrimil, iih clerk in the I'reii^lit cle|iiirtirient at
St. .losepli. lie reniiiineil there eight }'eurH, iiikI
in the nieiintinie wiih prdnmteil from elurk to
agent iif the roail. In 1XS2 iiu went to St.
l.duirt ii« eliiel' clerk in the aiidiliiig ilepartiTieiit
of the Mifsonri iV: I'acific railroad; and in 1884
wax with the St. Loniit Jk Uannihal, as uirent at
llannihal. reiriaininf; in the employ of the latter
company niitil 1«S(>. lie then engaged as
clerk and hookkeeper for Nelson, .Morris & Co.,
prominent packers of Chicago. In 18K7 ho
returned to railniad life, iiecoming travelin).; in-
spector of the Central TnifKc Association, with
lieadi|uarters at Chicago. In tliis capacity he
traveled over the territory liotween Chicago anil
liiiflalo. until Marcii, IH'JO. He then came to
I'orthind as rate clerk for the Nortiiern I'acific,
which position he resigned the following , I uiie,
in order to acceiit the office of chief clerk of
I'ortiand, in the office of the I'liion I'acific
railroad. This position he still occui)ios.

He was married in St. .lo8e|)h, Missouri, in
1877, to Miss Minnie Harrison, a native of In-
diana. Their two children are hoth dead.

Tlie siiliject of our sketch is a meinher of the
Knights of I'ytliias and of the Patriarchal Cir-
cle. He received his first military training at
the military school at Fayette. At St. Josepii
lie filled the offices of First Sergeant, First
Lieutenant and Captain of St. Joe Light In-
fantry, First Uefiinient, Missouri iNational
(iuards. At St. Louis he served as Sergeant
and Second Lieutenant of (Japtain Skipwith
liattery, St. Louis Light Artillery; and in
i'hicago as Sergeant and Second Lieutenant of
Cinnpany C, Third Regiment, Illinois National
(iuards. ' Noveniher 3, 1890, he was elected
l''ir.-t Lieutenant, which oltice he occupied until
Septeinher 15, 1891, when, throUf>h the death
of Captain Stevens, Lieutenant Anderson was
elected liis Buccessor.

Battery A was organized May 29, 1873, with
rank and file of forty men, Captain ThomaR
Mountain in command. The State supplied
the battery with two brass field pieces, and
other e(|uii)ment8 anil uniforms were supplied
through individual expenditure. In 1882 Cap-
tain .Mountain was succeeded by Thomas Adams,
a veteran of the civil war. lie commanded the

battery four years, and during his term of office
rt!-armeil and re-uniformed the battery, and in-
creased the memliership to sixty enrolled men.
He was succeeded in 188(i by W. ,1. Kiley. who
served as (Japtain for three years, after wliiidi
tlie baltery was disbanded. It was re-organized
in .liiiie, 18S9, liy (lajitain Thomas .\dams. Ho
resigned the t'ollowing November, and VVard S.
Stephens was elected (>ij)tain and served untjl
his death, in September, 1891. The battery
now numbers sixty men, has two Held pieci^s,
two (iatling guns, and a full line of sabers and
revolvers, and is in a healthy, prosperous condi-
ti,)n. With an able corps of <iflicers and drifl-
masters, and proper enthusiasm among the men,
the battery is rapidly coming to the front in
scientiHe drill and uniformity of movement.

ISS KUTH K. ROUNDS, Principal of

the Atkinson school, Portland, is a na-
tive of Wilkes Hiirre, Pennsylvania,
and the daughter of Nelson Rounds, I*). I.)., a
inttive of Now York. ILir parents were of
Knglish ancestry, who were early settlers of the
Empire State. Dr. Rounds was a Methoijist
clergyman and a prominent educrftor, having
been a professor in some of the colleges of the
East before coining to Oregon. After his ar-
rival here he was elected [iresident of the Wil-
lamette University. In addition to his other
scholastic, attainments he was a specialist in the
Ileiirew and Greek languages. In Pennsyl-
vania he married Miss Mary Comfort, a native
of that State, her ancestry having been early
settlers of Pennsylvania. Hy this marriage
there were nine children, all of whom were
brought up and are still living. Dr. Rounds
presided over the Willamette University accept-
al)ly and successfully for two years; but, his
health tailing, he resigned and retired to his
farm in Clark coiintv, Washington, where he
hoped to regain his health; but that boon was
not granted and Ik; continued to fail until his
death occurred in 1874. Diirinc his life he
was a great power for good, as liis knowledge,
moral sense, refined susceptibility and piety
were superior. His aged widow still survives
and resides in Portland, with her daughter, the
subject of this sketch.

Miss Rounds, whose name heads thi- sketch,
was the sixth idiild in the above family; was
educated in New York and at the Willamette

aiSTOHY OF ORKfinif.

S80

UiiiverHity, and at oiiuu seluuted m hur lifo wurk
till) pri'fcitHiiin (if tciKrIiinj;, in which olu! haM
liLMMi iiimo-it cDnliiiiKiiisly iMi^iijf<M| for kuvcii-
ti'tiii yt'iiri*, tilnvdii i)f thu.-io in tliu Nortii scliool
ill I'ortlainl, now niiiiiud tht* Ati\iiiM(iii lichodl,
ill honor ot' tiii! ;;i'iithMiimi wlio liiid ivn>iurtMl
thu hcIiouIm of i'orthiiiii ho niiicii VHlimlih! itiil.
Minn UuiiikU lM(gnri lit thu foot of the hidiU'r, in
thu iiriiimry f^niile, iiinl Iihh gi'iidniilly worked
liur wiiy U|i, Htn|i iiy Htoji, to liin |ii'iiici|iiiishi|i of
this riulioiil, whicii phict) hIiu Uhh tilli'd for thu
pii»t live yi'iirH; iind n>i better eviihMieu could lie
given than the fiict of her proiiintion to iind
continimtion in this responnilile position, where
she hiiH under iier rtii|iervinioii gixteon teachers,
with Hi* many j;rade« and departinents.

When nhe decided ii|ioii tenchinif an her pro-
fession, aha ileterinined to attain the hii^hest
proHeiency i' rein, as an oliject of her hij;iie8t
ainliition, iv , she has succeeded in doini; her
slmre in inukini; the vocation of teachinir a real
profession of e(jiial standinj; with the other
jirofessions. She attends to details, with exem-
plary patience, is naturally endowed with f^reat
executive ability and with all the ({iialities re-
quired in a first-clasK educator and discijilin-
arian.

She is a worthy member of the Grace Church,
Methodist Episcopal, at Portland, and enjoys
the *e8t wishes of a very largo circle of friends
and iiuqiiaintances.

-=«-•

fA. BAILHIY, M. D., an eminent physi-
cian and surfjeon of IlillBboro, Orejfon,
» was born in Harden- n county, Tennes-
see, on January 28. 1839. His parents were
William L. and Mary (Wilkinson) Bailey. Ilis
father was a Virginian and his mother was a
native of North Oaroiina. She was a daughter
of (leneral Frank Wilkinson, a general in the
war of 1812. Francis Alonzo Hailey was their
third child of a family of eight, lie lived in
Tennessee until his eighteenth year, and re-
ceived his education at Woodland Academy
and Lebanon College, in that State. lie then
went to St. Louis, Missouri, preparing himself
for a professional career at Pope's College,
where he studied medicine for two years. Af-
ter this, he served for two years as a medical
cadet in the Confederate army inCreneral Price's
division and was also connected with the hos-

pital Nurviceof the Confeduinteariiiy. in \Hi\i,
lie came to Oregon, iiiid attended the Willam-
ette University at Siileni, receiving there his
degree of M. I), in TiTlt. From there he vent
to San Fiiiiiciseo, where he attended the Toliiinl
.Meiiical College, receiviiiit a di|'loma from that
institution in IS71. In 187'J, lie came to
ilillsboro, engaging in the practice of his pmfes-
aion whicii ho ha-* followeil 'lor twenty years,
and whicii bus been lucrative and successful.
In his jiractici! he liiis riilden in all
<lirectioiis in all seasons i.nd kinds of weather,
both day and night, alleviating the sulfering of
the sick, knowing but one law for rich and
poor alike, by whicii he Las giiineil a wide fav-
orabloreputatirin.a';;! ..uciired the friendship of a
largo number of i.ijiiaintances. lie loves his
profession, making it -liis life study, and has
contributed several learned articles to medical
literature, which have been published in the
Oregon Medical and Surgical Keporter, and in
various other nie(liciil and scieiitilic journals.
lie has also contributed soniu valuable articles
to the San Francisco Medical Journal, and to
various other publications, together with a
number of jiapers to the Oregon State Medical
Society. When this latter association was
organized, he became an active meniber, and
for throe years was one of its Hoard of Censors,
and served as its president and vice-president.
During his residence in Washington county, he
lias become the owner of several large and valu-
able tracts of land, and has built for himself an
attractive and commodious residence, of modern
andiitectiire and improvements, and laid out the
ground in a tasteful manner. He has also, in
partnership with another gentleman, iiiiilt two
of the finest brick blocks in the city, the last
one of which is a very great improvement to
the business poition of the city, being a credit
alike to the Doctor ami the city.

Dr. Bailey was married in 18(5(5, to Miss Le-
titia A. (Miambers. a native of Oregon, and a
daughter of J. W. and Mary A. Chambers,
liiglily esteemed -pioneers of tliiti State. They
have six cliildren, four sons and two daughters:
The eldest son, Francis J., graduated from the
Oregon State Normal School at Monmouth in
June, 1891, and is reading medicine with his
father. Augustus B. and John W. are at col-
lege, while the three youngest, Louisa A., Eva
A . and Thomas C, are at home with their par-
ents. The Doctor is a member of the A. P\ «fe
A. M. and is Past Master of Tualatin Lodge.

28(1

nrsTonr cf onnmy.

Ill politics lie is a Democrat, and takes an active
interest in the political afi'airs of his county.
He has liceii a nieiiiiter of the ( Uty ('i)micil umi
lins served for three terms as Mayor of his city.
lie is pri)iiiineiit in the coiiventlinis of his party,
who have freijuently honored him with noinin-
atidiis to important positions, even sngujesting
bis name as Governor of the State, "vliich office
lie could no doubt till to the cri-tlit of himself
and coiistitnency. possessiiiij the intelliijence
and ability to understand his duties as chief ex-
ecutive of the State, and the jx.'wcr of his con-
victions to do what is riirlit. lie was at one
time tendered the chair of Theory and Practice
otMedicine in the medical department of Wil-
lamette rniversity. but declineil the honor.

ILLIAM TUCKKU, an Indian war
veteran and an Oregon pic^neer of 1852,
now residing near Beaverton, Washing-
ton county, Oregon, was born in the State of
I'ldiana, October '.i4, 1S33. Our subject was
the third child in the family and was reared in
his county. While still a lioy he worked for
wai^'cs, and came to Oregon with his father and
family. His first work in the State was cutting
cord wood in Portland on Polk street between
Third and Fourth, which now is in the center
of the city, but was then denee forest. After
three mouths he came to Washington county,
and took up a claim of 120 acres of land near
whef' lieaverton now is and with his In'other

Th IS, built the first sawmill ii. that vicinity.

In the fall of 1855 tiie Indian war having
broken out our subject enlisted under Captain
Cornelius and assisted to elect him Colonel of
the regiment. Mr. Tucker furnished his own
horse and outfit and served all through the war.
Suffering many privations they were reduced to
the eating of their own horses to keep them
from starving to death. He was a brave soldier
and did his share in subduing the Indians, and
after the war he retired to his home and in 1859
lie was married.

The lady who became the wife of our subject
was named Miss Mary J. Landess. and was born
in Illinois in 1844. a daughter of Mr. Abrani
Landess, who came with his family to Oregon
in 1847. They built a little, cheap house in
the woods on the clearing .Mid there they began
their married life, lived on this property stud

made iniproveinents and after seven years of
residence, then sold out and purchased 120
acres of land, where he has since resided, three
quarters of a mile south of Beaverton, and on
this pro[>erty he built. a goixl residence.

During the gold excitement in Powder river
valley in 18(i2-'63 he tried gold digging, biii did
not remain a great while. At that time Irish
potatoes sold for fifteen cents per jwund and
Hour was $15 per fifty |)ouiid sack. After he
had snfiiciently satisfied himself at mining he
returned to his family and since then has en-
gaged in fanning and also has (lonesome build-
ing as lie understands the carpenter trade. He
and his good wife have reared a family of eleven
children: Delila, the eldest inarrieil (ieorg3 W.
Teif't and resides near her father; Abraham
Lincoln married and died in his twenty-fifth
year, leaving a wife and two chihlren; Thomas
B., has a wife and child and resides in Beaver-
ton; (4eorire is married and has a wife and two
children and is a resident of Beaverton; Eliza-
beth is the wife of Henry Woolf and resides
at Beaverton; .'Vdaline is the wife of AVilliam
B. Anderson and they have one child and reside
near the parents; Eva, married J. 11. Anderson
and has one child; Ira. William, Lottie and
Carl, are yet at Ikuiic.

Mr. Tucker is a mem her of the Masonic fra-
ternity. All of his life lie has been a Repub-
lican but recently joined the People's party.
For forty years he has been in Oregon and for
thirty-five he has been a member of tlie School
Board. He has led a life of honest industry.
This is a happy family, the father still living,
in his eighty-eighth year and looking younger
than either of his sons. All through the county
our subject is known as an honest, industrious
man worthy of Hie esteem given him.

^-^-^

'RKDEUICK (tIESY, the leading merchant
in the town of Aurora, Oregon, came to
the Xorthwest in 1855. He is a native
ot Pennsylvania, born July 19, 1833, of Swiss
ancestry. He was the eleventh child of the
family and was educated in the common schools
of Pennsylvania and also attended school in
Missouri. In 1855 he crossed the plains to
Oregon, leaving Missouri April 17, 1855, and
arriving in Portland, Oregon, September 20, of
the same year. He remained at Shoalwater
Bay until the June following and then went to

'«)^<l^'>^

HlHTOin' OF OUEOOX.

287

i.irs of
I 120
, three
mi oil

rortlaiid, wlierft he worked at the hiiriiessinakers'
trade for six inontlis. IIo then came to Salem
and t!nfi;aged in work for a period of fifteen
inontiis at wliich time he returned to Shoal-
water 15ay, Watihiiijfton, and remained there
jintii the fall of 1861.

At tiiis time our subject came to Aurora and
in 1802 he ojiened a mercantile business under
the firm name of F. Keil & Co., and later Mr.
(Tie^y was made Deputy i'ostmaster. This
continued until 1871 atid at that time was he ap-
pointed to be Postmaster and has held tlie office
ever since. In 1862 he purchased the interest
of his ])artner in the business and retained his
brother John witii him until 1888, since which
time our subject has owned and conducted the
liusiness himself. lie keeps a large stock of
general merchandise and is an affable man and
a capable merchant, who, 1)7 liis honorable
methods of doing business has prospered.

The store block wliich Mr. Giesy owns was
built in 1874 by the colony company and in
1888 when the company ttroke up our subject
purchased it. In [)olitics Mr. Oiesy is a Re
publican and has been clerk of the School
Hoard at Aurora a number of years. He is a
worthy citizer and a reliable and successful
business man.

Tlie marriage of our snhject took place Octo-
ber 20, 1880. with Miss Mary V. Carmany, a
native of Pennsylvania, born" September 18,
1862, and five children were horn of this unioti,
as follows: Henry F., Ivy M.; Alvin A., died
in his fifth yei'r; Morton I,., and Frederick A.
Mrs. Geisy died July 7, 1892, of consumption.
She had been one of the best of women, a faith-
ful, loving wife and kind and indulttent mother
and because o.' her many I'stimable qualities
she was greatly beloved and her loss was deeply
deplored.

PR. J. W. POWELL, a prominent physician
of Orefjon (]ity, and an esteemed native
son of Oregon, was born in Marion county,
February 11, 1850, and was educated in the
public schools of his native State, and at the
Willamette University at Salem. After becom-
ing of age he attendell two courses of lectures
in the medical department of the Willamette
University, and afterward took a course at the
Louisville medical College, in Louisville, Ken-
tucky, where he graduated with high honors

February 28, 1875. He commenced the prac
tice of his professson in Kansas, whtre he re-
sided for three and a lialf years. He then re-
moved to Nevada, where he practiced until he
came to Oregon City, in Septeml)er, 188Si, where
he is meeting with meriteil success in the prac-
tice of his chose. 1 profession.

The Doctor was married iu 1878 to Miss M.
A. Browning, an estimable lady, and the daugh-
ter of J, A. drowning, a prominent farmer of
Kansas. She is a native of Indiana. They have
three girls, (rertie. Myrtle and Stella, all bright
and attractive children. The Doctor has al-
ways been a Republican in politics, and in 188(5,
while residing in Nevada, was elected to the
State Legislature, and served during the Thir-
teenth session, which elected the able free silver
advocate, Hon. William M. Stewart, to the
United States Senate. He served on the ju-
diciary and several other of the important coni-
mittees, and took a prominent and active part
in the work of the session.

His father. Rev. Theophilus I'owell, and liis
mother Rachel, left Missouri with ox teams
early in the spring of 1845, for the land of the
setting sun, Oregon, and after six nK)nths of
arduous toil and travel reached their de-tination
late in the fall of the same year. They and
many others were in the ill-fated emigrant train
that was lost on Meek's Cutoff, and came so
near perishing, but finally reached their desti-
nation in safety. His father was born in Ken-
tucky, and died in Marion county, Oregon, in
1861, and his mother was born in Ohio, an<l
dieil in Clackamas county, Oregon, in 181tO. He
has a brother. Rev. I. J. Powell, who lives in
Wasco county, and a sister, Mrs. Mary A. Mil-
ler, who resides at Oregon City. Oregon City
is to be congratulated on the accessio?i to its
already able force of citizens and [)rofessional
men of such an experienced, judicious and con-
scientious jihysicifui, who, after more than
twenty years of study and practice give her
citizens the benefit of his mature study and
thought.

jRS. EMMA W. McKENZIE, vice-i)rin-
cipal of the Couch school, Portland, is
a native of Pennsylvania, and the daugh-
ter of Joseph Healy, who was born in Vermont.
Tier ancestry were early settlers of New Eiig-
laiid, from old England. Mr. Healy was a
printer and publisher, and an intimate friend of

lllSTdHY OF OltHGON.

m: :

'i'\

i it

i \\:

Wliittiur, iintl hud the lioiioi- of publishing the
tii'i^t v(jiiiine of Ills poems. That eiiiiiient poet
also leiiideij with the t'uniily For a time. ilr.
llealy iiiiui'itMl .Miss Radiel W. Little, a native
of M;i.-is;iclni.sett8, whoHe aiicfstry were from
Eii^liiiiil 1111(1 early settlers of America. On her
inotiieiV tide she was a deseendant in the ninth
jjeiieratioii from John lioirers, who was burned
at the stake fo- heresy in Smithfiekl, England.
On her father's side she was the great-granil-
daughter of Captain Georf^e Little, who, in
(•Giniiiand of I lie United States frigate Hoston,
capmred tiie French ship Hiiseaii. IJer grand-
father, Edward P. Little, was a memt)er of Con-
gress from irassachusetts. Mrs. MeKenzie is
the youngest of their si.N ciiildren. In 1855
her father came to California with his family,
wiien she was two years old. They resided in
Saeraniento, Nevada C'ty and San Francisco.
She graduated at the Oiils' High School of the
latter city in 1872. and tanglit there for five
years. In 187'J slie came to Portland, and has
taught contiiHioiisly in the city schools sevwii
years, first in the Failing Schijol and then in the
Couch; she has been vice-principal of the latter
three years.

Mrs. Mclven/.ie has adopted teaching as her
life work, and she is most eminently fitted for
that vocation, both by natural endowments and
long and successful work. The school-room
which she now occupies and where she does her
work, in a (juiet and business-like way, is, as it
were, a "little corner" of this world, cosy and
neat, which she has made sacred in the memory
of many a thankful child.

In her religious relations she is a member of
Trinity (Uiurcli, Ejiiscopai. Her liusliand is
(Tcorge MeKenzie, an expert accountant.

iExNERAL W. If. ODELL. one of the
|iroiiiiiieiit |)ioneers of Oregon, and lias
been for many years President of the
Hoard of Trustees of Willamette llniversitv, is
a native of the Statt; of Indiana, horn in Car-
roll county in 1830. His ancestors were among
the colonists of South Carolina, ami the father
and grandfather emigrated from that State to
Ohio in 1803; five years later they removed to
Carroll county, aiui were the first white settlers
of Jackson township. The country was wild
and overgrown with brush and timber, but with
a courage and zeal worthy of the cause they be-

gan the task of making a home and farm in the
heart of the forest. Here the grandfather died;
the father, John Odell, was married in Wayne
county, Indiana, to Miss Sarah llolnian, a na-
tive of Kentucky; he continued agricultural
jiursuits until 1851, when he fitted out for a
trip across the plains; accompanied i)y his wife
and children he made the journey, and after his
arrival in Oregon located in Yam Hill county
where he and his wife passed the remainder of
their days.

W. II. Odell, son of the above, received bis
education in the schools of iiis native State, and
had a two years course at tiie Oregon Institute,
before it was known as the Willamette Univer-
sity. After finishing his education he engaged
in fanning, which he followed until 18(50, wiien
be took charge of the Santiam Academy; he
conducted this institution for three years, and
in the fall of 1864 he accepted the position of
Deputy United States Surveyor of public lands,
an office ho held until 1871; he was then ap-
pointed Surveyor-General for the State of Ore-
gon, bi.t after three years of services he re-
turned to field work, which he carried on until
187(i.

This year was the l)eginning of his political
career. He was Republican nominee for Presi-
dential Elector in the Hayes and Tilden cam-
paign. At the 8ubse(juei\t meeting of the elec-
toral delegates. General Odell was aj)pointed
messenger to take the vote to Washington,
which duty he ])erformed with great credit and
honor to himself. U|)on his return to Saleir,
in the spring of 1877, he purchased the Ore-
gon daily and weekly Statesman, which he con-
ducted successfully until 1885; he tilled the
position of State printer during the last two

J rears. Retiring from literarv work in 1885,
le was apjiointed under the closing adminis-
tration of President Arthur as Postmaster of
the city of Salem, and held the office through-
out the lei .1 of ofHce of President Cleveland.
Since his reiirement he has nota('tively engaged
in business, except as performing 8|,;;;'ial land
work for the iTOvernment, the latest beinj that
of the allotment of lands in the Siletz Ii dian
Reservation.

(ieneral Odell was married in Polk county
Oregon, in 1855. to Miss Elizabeth F. McClench,
a native of Maine. Mrs. Odell is a woman of
many tim^ traits of character; she is deeply
interested in educational work, and for many
years was a member of the Board of TrusteeB
of Willainatte University.

uiiiroici' OF oitiidoN.

28U

The General is a member of tlio I. U. (). F.
Hill] the A. O. IJ. W. He is a iiiau of keen and
(jiiiclc perceptioim, and iiigli priiieiples. and is
in every way a wortliy representative of the
pioneers of Oregon.

f RAN KLIN r. MAYS, United States
Attorney for the District of Oregon, is a
native of the State, born in Lane county,
May 12, 1855. His father, lion. Robert Mays,
now Mayor of Dalies city, was a native of
Tennessee, but went to Illinois when a hoy,
and there attained mature years, beinp; reared
on his father's farm. In 1849 he was married
to Miss Lodemiua Fowler, and in 1852 they
joined the tide of Western emigration, and
after a wearisome journey of six months arrived
at the Dalles; they went down the Columbia
river to Portland, and in the spring of 1853,
took up a donation claim in Lane county. In
1858. Mr. Mays removed to Wasco county and en-
(raged in stock-farming. He is still in that
business although since 1873 he has resided
in the Dalles Franklin P. Mays is the third
of a family of eight children. His education
was secured under the difKculties that strongly
characterize every pioneer coniinunity; 'Jie
school session seldom lasted as much as three
months duriTig the year, and the rest of the
time he devoted to farm labor. Until he was
seventeen years of age his opportunities were
limited to the log schoolhouse, but he then en-
tered Willamette University, and was gradu-
ated at that institution .lune 1, 1870. In
the fall of 1877 he entered the office of .Judge
William Lair Hill, a distinguished jurist then
at the Dalles; each summer he attended to his
usual duties at the stock-ranch, but dilligently
continued his studies, and was admitted to the
bar before the Suj)reme Court, January 9, 1880.
He then formed a partnership with Judge Hill
at the Dalles, which existed until 1886; inJuly
of that year it was dissolved on account of the
removal of Judge Hill to Oakland. The firm
ot Mays, Huntington & Wilson was soon after
formed, and still exists at the Dalles.

In February, 1890, Mr. Mays received the
appointment of Uniteii States Attorney, and
since that date has temporarily resided at Port-
land.

He was married at the Dalles, January 31,
1884, to Miss Genevieve G. Wilson, also a na-

tive of Oregon, and a daughter of the late
Judge Josepii (i. Wilson, a pioneer of lS52,
Judge Wilson became prominent upon thel)LMich
as Circuit and Supreme Judge, and also repre-
sented the State in Congress. Mr. and Mrs.
Mays are the parents of two children: Wilson
P. and Genevieve G.

Politically, Mr. Mays has been a stanch Re-
publican from his l)oylu)od, ever ready to ad-
vance his party's intereste, but not an otliee-
seeker. He was a delegate at lar^e to the con-
vention at Chicago, which nominated Henjainin
Harrison in 1888, and was the State Delegate
on the committee selected to notify Mr. Harri-
son of his nomination for Presidct of the
United States. He was the first native-born
citiy.en (;f the State of Oregon elected asadeie-
gate to attend a National convention, and the
lirst native son to fill the position of the United
States Attorney.

fROFESSOR FRANK RIGLER, the etH-
eient |)rincipal of the Harrison Street
School, Portland, Oregon, is a native of
Philadelphia. I'ennsylvania, where he was iiorn
January 9, 1854.

His father, Henry Rigler, was also a native
of the Keystone State, where he was born in
1815. He was a descendant of Jacob Rigler,
who emigrated froii' Germany to America pre-
vious to the Revolution, several of the name
having participated in that memorable struggle
for independence, serving under the celebrated
(Tcneral Wayne. The family were principally
well-to-do farmers and stock men. Henry Rig-
ler married Miss Mary Castor, who was a direct
descendant of the family of that name, who emi-
grated to America with William Penn, and were
among the first settlers of the city of Hrotherly
liove, afterward becoming iirominent in the
affairs of the church and State. Henry Rigler
and wife had eleven children, ten of whom at-
tained tiiaturity, nine still living.

The subject of our sketch was tlie seventh
child. He attended the Philadelphia city schools,
graduating from the Roys' Central High
School.

His career as a teacher began in 1875, at
Doylestown, Pennsylvania. The foll(|\ving year,
he became connected with the Philadelphia
schools, with which he continued until 1879,
when he came to Polk county, Oregon.

•I'.IO

IIIHTOIIY OF OREGON.

In 1881, he bucaiui' principal of the High
Sciiodl lU liuh'pt'ndeiiL'e, Ori'ijon. where lie re-
iiiMineii for two years, when he was elected
i-nperintendeiit of the Walla Walla city schools,
in which latter caijacity lie served for another
year, lie was then elected principal of the
Portland Park school, after which he accepted
the piiiicipalsliip of the Oregon City schools, in
which ca|iacity he served for three years, when
he was elected principal of the Portland Harri-
son Street School, where he has since continued.

In 1884 he was inariied to Aliss Lena Koeh-
ler, a native of Iowa, and a daiicrhter of Mr.
(Jliarles Koehler. She was a successful teacher
in the public schools of Umatilla county, before
her niarriaire. Tliev iiave two children; Evelyn,
who Wi.„ I'orn in Walla Walla, in .Vugust, 1885;
and Howard, who was burn in Oregon City, in
.April, 1891.

As a teacher, Pi'ofessor Rijifler has achieved
eminent snccess, and is highly esteemed in
Orejfon for his many excellent qualities of
mind and heart. He is a deep thinker, with
broad view.- on every subject of interest, (ienial
and whole-souled, it is a |ileaBure to meet him,
and eniibjes one to account for bis very great
popularitv with his fellow-teacbera and pupils,
lie is thoroughly devoted to his life work,
which, rightly understood and followed, is one
of the greatest professions known to iiian.

flllU.STlAX K. SMITH is the owner of the
celebrated Carter Creek Mineral Springs,
and Gas IJaths. These famous springs are
located in the Siskiyou nioniitains, 2.400 feet
above the sea level, and some twelve miles
southeast of Ashland, on what is known as
(,'arter creek. The waters of these s])ritigs are
highly reconmiended by the medical fraternity as
aciirat'vu sanitarium for rheumatism, neural-
gia, catarrh, dyspepsia and all liver and kidney
diseases. Many wRo have visited these springs,
almost helpless from rheumatism and other
complicated diseases, have left the springs en-
tirely cured.

The resort and adjacent grounds consist, in
all, of about lOO acres, three different springs be-
ing located on the place, two of which contain
a large ^er cent of Fulpher, soda and iron,
while the third is soda and iron principally.
There are four bathhonses arrange<l for the
use of bath for both male and female patrons.

There are cottages near the springs for the
benefit of campers. There is also the most
beautiful grounds with plenty of shade, while
the surroundings abound with plenty of small
game, grouse, pheasant, quail, and larger game
is most plentiful farther back in the mountains.
The springs are accessible from the city of
Ashland, over good roads, also from Steinman
station on the line of the Southern Pacific
railroad, a distance of one mile. Mr. Smith
contemplates in the ncir future to run a con-
veyance from the station to the springs, on the
arrival and departure of trains for the iccomino-
dation of guests visiting the springs. The
guests have every convenience possible and
they receive their mail and paper daily, the
othce being located at the station.

The springs are l)ecoming very popular and
have already a good share of |)atronage. Mr.
.Siiiitli also has a good traile in the sale of min-
eral water, as be makes a specialty of bottling
and selling at Ashland.

Mr. Smith is a native of Lebanon, Warren
county, Ohio, being born November 2, 18.j,^.
His parents were Christian and Eliza (Haniil-
toii) Smith, the former being a native of Penn-
sylvania, of (Jerman extraction. He removed
to Ohio in the early pioneer days. He died
January 4, 1804. The latter dieil June 2,
18'J2. She is of Scotch descent and her peo-
ple were early settlers in the Keystone State.
The family consisted of si.x children, of which
onr subject was the third. He was reared in
his native State and after finishing his school
I life he engaged in mercantile pursuits until
1881, when he took (Treeley's advice and turned
his face westward and located land on Sweet
(Jrass river, ^lontana, but his health gave out
and he remaineil there but one year. He next
located at Poise City, Idaho, and became en-
gaged in handling stock for three years, going
thence to Ashland, Oregon, where he farmed
for awhile. His present property was located
by his brother, Milton A., in 1886, but passed
into his hands in June. 1891. Mr. Smith is
still a single man, a Pepublican politically, and
is a member of Lebanon Lodge, K. of P., No
4!l, of Ohio.

j|i?^OLONEL ROBERT POLLOCK, a promi-
yBK nent citizen of Washington county. Ore
^3pi gon, a veteran of the Mexican and civil
wars, coniee of Scotch ancestry, who emigrated

UWTOHY OF OKKGON-

801

to Ireland, where his fatlier, David Pollock, was
born, reared, educated and married, to Miss
Ellen Ewing. With his yoniij^ wife ho sailed
for America, selecting Philadelphia as a place
of location. In this city three children were
born, ot which oursuiijeot is the only survivor.
Uis father went to Ohio to select Government
land at an early day, and it is believed that he
was killed, as his wife and children never heard
of him afterward. His wife d' . her forty-tifth
year, having been faithful in all of the duties of
life.

(!olonel Pollock was born in Philadel|ihia
September 17, 1819, and was reared and edu-
cated in his native city, where he learned the
trade of a carpenter at which he worked until
war was declared with Mexico, when in Decem-
ber, 1846, he enlisted in the First Virginia In-
fantry, serving during the war under General
Taylor, being one of the brave soldiers of whom
the General said they " never knew when they
were whipped.'' After three months' service as
u Sergeant he was promoted to a Lieutenancy
and as such served to the close of tlie war. They
were mustered out at Fortress Monroe July 31,
184:8, he returne<i to his home and continued
his business until 1850, when he came by the
way of Panama to San Francisco and went direct
to the mines and mined at Diamond Springs in
El Dorado county and from there went to Park's
Jiar on the Vuba river.

At first he met with tiattering success and
took out as high as $500 in a day and secured a
great deal of gold, but he and the miners formed
H coi7ipany to work in the river and oy getting
on the spot secure an immense fortune. Our
.subject was made superintendent of the work
and after they had expended much money on it
the high water came and swept away all they
had done and buried the treasure they had ex-
pected to lay bare deeper than ever. This placed
him back to within a few hundred dollars of
where he was when he began. He continued
mining with varied success, and in ISoS was
engaged in contracting and building, but fol-
lowed mining a great deal of the time until
1860.

In 1855 white in San Francisco lie had the
honor of being the organizer of Company of
the First Regiment Militin of Oalifornia. They
now have a tine armory ot their own on Post
street, and are one of the best companies of
California State Militia. Tie was also an active
member of the Sa-.i Francisco Fire Department.

In 1858 he went to British Columbia and par-
ticipated in the gold excitement there, made
some money and at one time took out two
ounces of gold a day, but they had a rough time
and many hardships on Fraser's I'iver, and in
1800 he was glad to return to San I"'rancisco.

February 12, 1801, Colonel Pollock was mar-
ried to Miss Sarah .lane Myers. Slie was born
in Herkimer county, New Vork. October H5,
1838. Tlie following spring after his marriage
the old flag was fired on at Fort Sumter and
all of his military ardor returned to him, and
ho volunteered to the service of his country.
He was mustered in as Major, August 26, 1861,
of the first regiment of California Volunteers;
December 12, 1861, he was jiromoted to be
Lieutcnan t-Colonel of the Third (.'alifornia Infan-
try. March 29, 18()3, Colonel of the same;
November 14, 1864, he was honoi'ably dis-
charged; but January 2, 1865, iie was appointed
Lieutenant-Colonel of theSecond California In-
fantry; he was breveted Colonel March 13, 1865,
for faithful and meritorious services, and was
mustered out September 23, 1866. The whole
of his military service during the great civil war
was on the frontier with the Indians.

July 28, 1866, he was appointed Lieutenant
of the Thirty-second United States Infantry and
accepted the position February 18, 1867, and
was transferred to the Twenty-first Infantry
April 19, 1869. He was promoted to be Cap-
tain February 19, 1873, and was retired Sep-
tember 17, 1883, as Captain.

Our subject has had a long and adventurous
military career, among other important events
of it being the campaign with (Tcneral Howard
after Chief Joseph and his participation in the
battle of Clearwater. He was also all through
the Modoc war. In 1881, in contemplation of
his retirement from army life he purchased fifty
acres of choice land in western Oregon near
Cornelius station, where he has built a nice cot-
tage, and is now engaged in the peaceable and
profitable occupation of fruit and hop raising.
His home is a good one, and he has surrounded
himself with all of the comforts of life, and re-
sides with his faithful wife and children.

Colonel Pollock and wife have had nine children,
and one of them, Amelia, died at Fort Kearney, in
the sixth year of her age. Izatus P. died in the
twenty-ninth year of his age and Clara in her
twenty-third year. The surviving children are
with their parents, as follows: John R., Kllii

Ts-(

S!)2

UrsTORY OF OREOON.

i> E

Adelaide, Flora Jiellc, William M., Lyle Van and
Charles II.

( Mir till l)jeet is a Iloyal Arch Mason ami a
ineiiilier of the I'liiteil States Loyal Legion of
Oreiron. In politics he is a Repiihlican and at
all times pleasant and aijreeahle. His family
aie cotineeted with the Congregational Church,
and are much esteemed.

E. JS' E W T O N is the son of Isaac and
^1 Anna (Allen) >.'e\v*on, natives of Ohio

J <» and (Jre(ron, respectively.

Voniifv Xewton, who is the suhjeet of this
l>rief sketch was horn in IJenton county, Ore-
gon, Jaiiniiry I'J, 1805. He was reared and re-
ceived a liheral education in the I'liiloinath Col-
lege, and completed his studies in 1885, since
which time lie has (lev<ited liis.attention to farin-
iiifT. He resides four miles east of Pliiloniath,
where he owns seventy-eight acres of farm and
timher land. ^Ir. Hentoii has spent liis entire
life in his native county, with tlie exception of
four years spent in Washinirton.

Mr. iS'ewton was married in Washington. Oe-
toher 27, 1887, to Miss Adelle Urownson, a
native of Oregon, and a daughter of .lulius
I'rownson, a pioneer of 1853. Mr. and Mrs.
Newton have one child. Vada A.

In political matters Mr. Xewton is a Uepnb-
liciiii, althouirh not an active one. He is a man
of literary tastes and ability and during his col-
lege life was an eiitlaisiastregariiinir all literary
and scientific subjects. He was secretary for a
long time of llie literary society of Philomath.

Altliough a yonng man Mr. Newton is pos-
sessed of considerable executive ability and is
highly regarded in the comnuinity as a worthy
and esteemed citizen.

^^ #^J.

fA. JONEb, ■' . of the pioneers of eastern
Oregon, is the subject of this sketch. lie
o came here wlien a young man having been
born in Stafl'<n-(1 county, Virginia, in 1839. His
father and mother, .hired and Rebecca Jones,
both died when our subject was quite young.
He was the youngest of a family of seven chil-
dren. After the death of liis jiaVents he went to
Ohio to live with his uncle, then he lived one
year in Indiana iind went to Missouri in 1855

with one brother and sister. He received his
education in the common school and later took one
term at IJradley College. For a time he worked
by the day for wages and later on rented hind
and farmed and remaineil for seven years in the
State of Missouri. In 18t)2 he had accumulated
enough to enable him to purchase four liead of
cattle and a wagon and he spliced teams with Mr.
lieason and a start was made for Oregon.

Our subject and his partner reached Powder
River valley and remairied there until spring
and then came to Grande lionde valley where
he engaged in farming and stock-raising, taking
a farm of 100 acres. In 1864 he sold tliis farm
and went into the butchering business at J'oca-
lioutas, iSaker county. This he followed for a
time, then bought a ranch of 320 acres with a
Ml. Johnson in Unioncounty. Ileretliey farmed
and raised stock nntil 1884. His partner died
in 1882, and when a division had been made,
Mr. Jones sold out his interest and moved into
Lhiion, where he now lives.

Our subject has never married, having spent
his life in single blessedness. His present resi-
dence is with a widowed sister, Mrs. Margaret
Reiison. He has one brotlier in Tuscola, Illi-
nois, in the banking business. Mr. tlones went
out into the world alone when tjuite young and
has been very successful. He has sold all but
120 acres of land, and has iiioney loaned at in-
terest. His idea is at present to take the rest of
his life easily. Many calls are made upon his
generosity as he is known to he very charitable.
He contributes to all benevolent enterprises and
is a man much esteemed.

A. CRAWFORD, a proininent fanner and
stockman of Summerville, Union county,
'<* Oregon, was born in Grant comity, Wis-
consin, April 22, 1844, and was the sou of J. R.
Crawford, a native of Virginia, who went to
Wisconsin, when a young man and was married
to Louisa Greggory, a native of Georgia. Mr.
Oawford removed his family to Oregon, in
1800, he having come to the State eight years
previously. The family landed at their place of
destination the day Abraham Lincoln was elected
I'resident. Mr. Crawford settled his family in
Jackson county and here he died, aged seventy-
nine. Tlie mother is still living and resides at
Oakland, California, aged seventy years.

Our subject was the owner of a farm in Mon-

Illt^TORY OF Oll/CGOX.

'iua

rue county, but he sold it and went to Uinntilla
county, and from there to Washinirton Territory,
from which latter place he returned to Oregon
and •settled in Union county, where he is now
eniraged in larining and stock-raisinj^. j\[r.
Crawford has Been some of the wildest scenes of
f)ion_eer lite enacted, as he was in the freij;hting
and packing business for six years, from Uma-
tilla to Idaho. He had atrain of pack animals,
sixty in number, and received titty cents a pound
for all his freight he packed across the mount-
ains. He had to contend with the Indians, more
or let^s for several years, and his trains had to
be guarded every night. In this, as in all of his
dealings, he proved liiinself an honest, industri-
OUR man.

Mr. Crawford was married in 1874, to Jane
Shell, who was born in Oregon, April 22, 1849.
She has borne her husband four children, namely :
Laura H., Delbert A., Cora May and Emma
Grace. Mr. (h-awford is a Mason and a Itepub-
lioan in politics.

rn^^m^

<■*=-

fllRlSTOPHEIi HOBERG,an intelligent
and progressive citizen of Oregon City,
and ail honored veteran of the late war,
was horn in Detroit, Michigan, March 15, 1845.
He is of German descent, his father. Christian
lioberg, having been born in Prussia, Germany,
where he was reared, and married. In 184(1,
the father with his wife and eight children emi-
grated to the United States. Four more chil-
dren were born in the new country, of whom
si.\ now survive, three living in Oregon. Rev.
Joseph Iloberg, a Methodist minister, resides in
McMiniiville; Casper II. is in the sawmill busi-
ness at Albany, Oregon; while the subject of
this sketch is in Oregon City. In 1846, the
family moved to Sheboygan, Wisconsin.

It was in the latter place that our subject was
raised and educated. He, there, learned the
cooper's trade, which he followed for some years,
when the decimated ranks of soldiery demanded
re-enforcement, and he enlisted in Company H,
Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry.
Without much drilling, he was placed in a regi-
ment which had become experienced in war, and
who were veterans. He joined his regiment,
under Sherman, at Whiteside station, and soon
afterward fought in the battle at I'nzzard's Uoost.
It was a new experience to him, this pande-

monium of noise,caused liy the roaring of cannon,
the whistling of haUS and the sharp re])ort of
riHes, with which was combined the shrieks of
wounded horses and the groans of dying men,
as brothers hurled themselves against each other
in awful carnage. It was a sight and sound to
make the bravest (piail, but Mr. Iloberg's com-
rades testiKed to his courage, and he soon be-
came inured to these sanguinary scenes, and bore
himself as unflinchingly as did the others. At
the battleofliesaca, Georgia, he received a scalp
wounfl from a minie ball, which knocked him
senseless, and he lay on the field for some tiTiie.
When it was discovered that he still breathed,
he was cared for and taken to the hospital at
Nashville. The wound on his head was for some
time a running sore, and when it healed up, it
broke out internally and discharged at his nose
and ears. In four months' time he returned to
his regiment, rejoining them immediately alter
the battle of Atlanta, and continued with Sher-
man's army, making the memorable march to
the sea, participating in the raids and battles,
and in the final granil review of the victorious
Union army in Washington City. He was hon-
orably discharged at Louisville, Kentucky, when
ho returned to his home and friends iti Shel)oy-
gan, appearing to them as one risen from the
dead, having had a narrow escape from death,
and having contributed his share to the uplift-
ing and liberating of millions of suffering human
l)eings. For five years he worked at his trade,
when his health failed, his lungs becoming ul-
cerated, and his physician advised him to seek a
milder climate, if he desired to live.

He accordingly moved with his family to Cali-
fornia, and after arriving in Sai. Francisco nearly
died of a congestive chill. On recovering sutH-
ciently to move, he came to JJrownville, Linn
county, Oregon, where he rapidly improved,
gaining twenty-seven pounds within six weeks.
He liBs since resided for twenty-one years in
Oregon, and has never been sick during that
time. He was recently rigidly examined for
the |)urpose of securing life insurance, and was
satisfactorily passed.

He preempted a homestead in ]3enton county,
'Oregon, which he cultivated and on which he
made improvements, residing there until 1888,
when he removed to Oregon (Mty, where he has
since liveil, working at the carpenter's trade and
house building, until the Mayor of the city ap-
pointed him Superintendent of Streets, in which
capacity he is now serving, and is making a

204

insTORY OF OHKGON.

most etticient orticer. He has puroliased valuable
property in ()rej;oii City, on which he has erected
a pleasant liuine, where he atui his family reside,
surrounded with all the comforts of lite.

In ISljy he was married to Miss Frederica
Armstroff", an estimable lady, and a native of
Prussia. They have had two children, a son
and daughter, Ella F. and Arthur, the latter of
whom they lost, when they adopted Mena Git-
t'on, who is now the wife of Caj)tain Ernest Loll,
and resides in I'orthmd.

Mr. rioberi; is an esteemed member of the
G. A. U. Meade I'ost, \o. 2, for whom he has
served three terms as Chaplain.

He is an active memi)er of the Kniirhts of
I'ythias, and belongs to the Baptist Church, to
which he has given much valuable assistance,
lie takes a deep interest in everything pertain-
ing til the odueatiomil and moral advunceinent,
as well as the material development, of his city,
and has given l)oth his time and money to
subserve its best interests.

Mr. Floberg's success in life is due entirely to
his own natural ability and habits of industry
and economy, by which (jualities he has raise<l
himself from obscurity to his present condition
of comfort and prominence. By his uniform
integrity in all the walks of lite and considerati(>n
of others, he has gained the esteem of his fellow-
men, who join in wishing him all prosperity
and liapj)ines8.

^^^

\\\ A li L E S E L K I () T WlXCi, M. I)., a
widely and favorably known physician of
^ . Portland, Oregon, was born on his father's
farm, located near Utica, New York, Septem-
ber 12, 1849.

His ancestors were Quakers, who emigrated
from England to New Hampshire in the early
history of the colonies. His father was a large
land-owner in Oneida county. New York, and
was a Minister and a Clerk of the Society of
Friends. He married Miss Hulda Gaskill, who
was also a Quaker, a native of Beimington, Ver-
mont. Her ancestors were early settlers of
Massachusetts, and at the time of the persecu-
tion of the Quakers, her grandmother was
whipped in the streets of Boston. Her ances-
tors were English, atul of the same family to
which Gladstone, England's greatest statesman,
belongs.

The subject of our sketch was the youngest

of a family of eight children, only three of whom
arc now living. Heat first attended the Albion
public schools, in Orleans county, New York,
after which he went to the aeailetny, in the same
county. FHs medical education was obtained
in the Chicago Medical College, where he grad-
uated in the class of 18Gi)-"7(). He then con-
tinued his medical studies with Dr. John
Hopkins, of Wisconsin, and also with Dr. Cal-
vin Fitch, of Chicago. The latter is a promi-
nent specialist in chronic diseases, and from
him Dr. Wing acquired his knowledge of those
ailments aiul their treatment, in whicli branch
of medical kuowledsre he has since distinixuished
himself.

The Doctor commenced his j)ractice in Neosho,
Dodge county, Wisconsin, where he continued
for ti\'e years. He then removed to Hartforil,
Washington county, in the same State, remain-
ing there another five years, or until his health
failed from overwork, and he was for a time
prostrated with a severe illness. He then went
to Arkansas, where he rusticated for a while,
giving himself up entirely to outdoor spwrts,
fishing and hunting, until he thoroughly re-
gained his health. He then again returned to
Wisconsin, and pi.'cticed in Maiden Rock until
November 7, 1891, when he removed to I'ort-
land. He at once secured a satisfactory prac-
tice, which has since steadily grown, until he
now has the bulk of the most difficult eases, not
only in the metropolis, but also in' the surround-
ing country.

In the fall of 1871 he was married, to Miss
Hannah Wood. They had three children, of
whom their daughter, Jennie, is the only sur-
vivor. Their happy married life, however, was
destined to bo of short duration, for, in 1879, the
faithful wife and devoted mother died. She
was a woman of rare intelligence and extreme
amiability, and possessed n)any charms of per-
son and manner, and was endeared to all who
knew her, by whom she was greatly lamented.

Ten years later, in 1889, the Doctor married
Mrs. Bell Goucher, an estimable lady, the widow
of Mr. Sidney Goucher, and a daughter of Mr.
Morris Dunham, the latter of whom is a de-
scendaiit of an old and highly respected English
family. By this marriage there is one daughter,
named Coral.

Socially, the Doctor has been a prominent
member of several societies, principally among
which are the Rock River Medical Society and
the State Medical Society of Wisconsin. lie is

nitiumy of onhaoN.

SOS

also a member of the I. O. O. F., as well kb of
the Forestry, and Red Men, mid Modern Wood-
men of America. Politically, he is a Uejmhli-
can, i)iit is only interested in politics so far as
desiring the election of lionorHhIu men to otHce,
and ardently wishing the welfare of his coun-
try.

Thus is briefly stated the most prominent
facts of ati eminently complete and Imsy life,
whose greatest pleiisiiro has been the alleviation
of Imman siitt'ering, and the healing and uplift-
ing of his fellow-men.

[ILLIAM THOMAS WIirrJ.OCK, the

able and popular Recorder of Clackamas
county, has the distinction of being the
tirst white child born in British Columbia, his
birth occuring on Vancouver island, .[uly 21,
1849. His parents, William and Honor (ilarks)
Wliitlock, were natives of London, Englantl, and
honored pioneers of Oregon City. (^See history
of his father and the family in this book.)

When not a year old he accompanied his
parents to Oregon City, in December, 1849, to-
ward which city lie has ever felt the most ardent
affection, fully equal to that indulged in by her
niitive SOILS. He was tlie elder of two sons, and
attended the public schools of Oregon City, af-
terward attending the Forest (xiove University.

After acquiring his education, he engaged in
school teaching, and for a few years was a suc-
cessful teacher in Oswego, Violaand other places.
He then received the appointment of Deputy
County Clerk, under Mr. J. M. Frazer, in which
capacity he served with efficiency. In 188t) he
was nominated and elected County Clerk, in
which position he served for a couple of years,
rendering such general satisfaction that, in 1888,
he was again elected to succeed himself. He
was also elected a member of the City Council
and Mayor of the city, in which latter capacity
he served for one term.

In 1890 he was elected County Recorder, in
which otiice he is now serving. He has been an
active member of the Fire Department, of which
he served as Chief for one term.

He has invested considerably in city and rural
property, and has erected a large and substantial
city residence, in a desirable location, which is
surrounded with attractive grounds, the whole
suggesting comfort and refinement.

In July, 1876, he was married to Miss Anna

Henrietta Miller, an intelligent and amiable
lady, and a native of Iowa t!ity. Shi; is a daugh-
ter of Mr. .John Miller, a highly respected resi-
dent of Oregon, the family being of German
ancestry.

Mr. and Mrs. Wliitlock have two children,
both born in Oregon City, a son and daughter,
Edward R. and Grace Anna, both intelligent and
active, and reflecting credit on the city and State
of their nativity.

Mr. Wliitlock is a Royal Arch Mason, and is
Past Noble Grand anil Past Chief Patriarch of
the I. O. O. F., and I'ast Master of the A. O.
U. W., and has held a number of other offices.
He is also a member of the Knights of I'ythias.
He takes a deep interest in the welfare of his
country and State, and in everything that per-
tains to the well being of his city. He is also
an energetic member of the Board of Trade.

In 18(57 he made a tour to England, visiting
London and the birthplact' of his parents. His
honored mother resides in a pleasant liouie of
her own in Oregon C'ity.

[lonest and capable and possessed of great
energy, he has been eminently successful in life
and is deserving of the universal esteem in which
he is held by his fellow-men.

fEORGE W. McLAUGHLLN, one of Polk
county's representative native sons and one
of her prosperous farmers, was born June
28, 1857. He is the son of Robert McLaughlin,
a native of Bourbon county, Kentucky, born
November 23, 1810, of Scotch ancestry. lie re-
moved to Missouri in 1835, and August 15,
1839, he married Miss Mary Alinerva (Triffith.
Soon after their marriage they removed to Illi-
nois and reared a family of six chihlreii. In
1853, with his wife and children, Mr. McLaugh-
lin crossed the plains to Oregon and caine direct
to Polk county, where he took u|) a donation
claim, one mile north of Buena Vista. On this
land he built a little logcabiii of the pioneer style
and spent the remainder of his life, He was
successful and added to his land and gave each
of his sons 100 acres of land, except the youngest,
on whom he bestowed 220 acres. He had been
a Christian from the sixteenth year of his life,
was a firm member of the Presbyterian Church,
and an up'-iglit, honest man. In his early life
he had learned the blacksmith trade, and in ad-
dition to his farming he had the first shop in

2Ufl

HISTORY OF ojniaoy.

;- i

' li

i" ^

liis HcctioM of I'omiti'y, hdiI was larirely inetrii-
iiifiital ill tlio (li'velopiiii'iit iif tin; coiiiity. He
(lici) ill February, 18{tl), at the ripo old age of
(iii^iity years, but liiis wile still survives liiiii iiml
resides with her daughter, .Nfrs. Litherow, in
Iiidependeiu'e, a nie(^ old lady representative of
the pioneer women id' ( h'ci^on.

Our subject, (ieorj^e W. McF.unghliii, was
the eldest sou bom in Oregon, and was followed
by two others, iiiakiiii; in all a family of ten
children, all of whom are livinj^ and residing; in
Oti'ifon, with th(! exception of one, who makes
her home in California. ()iie sister was born,
older than he. < )ur subject was reared on the
farm on which he was born, and was educated
in the public schools. In 1S81 he was married
to Miss Sophia Hall, of Woodbiirn, Marion
county, who was born March 13. IS.j'J, (lauj,'h-
ter of B. F. and Mary (Johnson) Hall, the
latter being a daiifrliter of Neil .lohiison, a Pres-
byterian minister.

Mrs. McLaiii;hliii is a Presbyterian, while
Mr. NEcLangliliii is a Methodist in religious
convictions. Mr. Mcliaiighlin is socially con-
nected with the I. (). (). F., beitii^ a member
of the (irand Lodge. He is a Republican in
politics.

In addition to his farming and stock- raising
Mr. McLaughlin has turned his attention to
hortii'ultiire. He is a reliable, intelligent and
upright man, and is a credit to the county in
which he was born and now resides.

"JATHIASW. STEWART, a well-to-do
fa.-mer of Polk county, residing on his
4;!j^?* tine ranch near ludependence, was born
in Auburn, Cayuga county. New York, August
2, 1832. riis ancestors were of Scotch birth
and emigrated to America before the Revolu-
tionary war, in which they were participants.
Mr. Stewart's father, David C. Stewart, was born
in (Ti'anville, New York, and married Miss Eliza-
beth HolTmaii, a native of his own State. She
was of Holland ancestry, who were early settlers
of Aubnrn, New York. They reared three sons
and a daughter, of whom our subject was the
thini child and is now the only surviving mem-
ber of the family. • Our subject and two broth-
ers served in the Union army, the eldest brother
being a Colonel, the younger, a Lieutenant. Both
died that the Union miglit live. Their father

was in his forty-eighth year, in 18r)r), when he
died. His widow survived him until her six-
tieth year, when sliu joined him in that land
where there are no marriages, nur giving in mar-
riage.

jN[r. Stewart was reareil and educated in Au-
burn and was a schoolmate of the great states-
man, Roscoe (Jonkling and Lincidn's renowned
Secretary of State, William Seward. WlieiiMr.
Stewart reached his twciity-lirst year he started
in 185!} from Auburn for Calitoruia, sailing lioin
New York on the Northern Lijjht, via Nica-
ragua, from which plac(r he embarked on the
Urother .loiiathaii tor San Francisco. After
arrival in California he mined in Trinity county,
at Weaversville, until IStJl, meeting with suc-
cesses and reverses alike, us did the greater por-
tion of the miners. What money he discovered
was spent in prospecting or some other enter-
prise that failed to return any gains. In the
winter of 18()1 he came overland to Oregon.
This was the year of the great Hood, the jour-
ney was therefore a ditHcult and most tedious
one. He first stopped at Salem, then went to
the mines in Idaho, where he met with some
success and remained one year, when he re-
turned to Salem and clerko(^l for Smith iV: Cart-
wright, later they sold their interest to R. M.
Wade k. Co. and our subject continueil with
this firm for five years.

In Xovember. 18()8. he married Mrs. Eliza-
beth Cannae, born in Illinois. January 26,
188'J. She was the widow of James Cannae,
an Oregon pioneer of 1845. She had married
Mr. Cannae in 1853, and had one son, Samuel,
who II0.V resides in east Oregon. Her father,
James Davis, was born in Lexington, Kentucky,
and started for Oregon, in 1848, but before
leaving Missouri sickened and died and her
mother, with a family of five children, came on
and settled near Independence, whore she took
a donation claim. She married Mr. Joseph
Cannae and died in 1879, a member of the
Presbyterian Church and an amiable woman,
one of Oregon's pioneers.

After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Stewart
lived ill Salem a little over a year, and in 1871,
came to her donation claim of 320 acres. Here
they built a good residence and have since re-
sided, doing general farming, raising grain and
horses. He has been thrifty and industrious,
lias prospered and has purchased 200 acres of
adjoining land and has made the place a valu-
able farm. Mr. Stewart is a member of the I.

! i

( !

IIISTOHY Oh' oltKdo.y.

81)7

(). (). F. ; ill politics in ii Dcinocriit and n reli-

iildo iiiul ii|irijiiit nimi. liotli lie ami liis wife

enjoy tli»! ;;()0(l-will and estei'in .)t' all with
whom they are uc(juainti;d.

-•»«

♦t-

tON. UEOlUiE ('. DAY. of Wasliinjfton
comity, Orci^on, is a pioneer of 1852, and
a native of the State of Indiana, born in
Ohio, December!*, 1830, and removed to Indiana
when six montlin old. His father, John M.
Day, was a native of Kentucky, alth()ni;li his
people had been early settierri of Maryland,
.lotiii Day was reared in Ohio, and tiiere inar-
I'ied Miss Ann Worthin^ton, a native of Ohio,
and they reared a family of eleven children,
lie was an industrious farmer, an intellii!;ent
man, with broad and liberal views, while the
mother was a devout Methodist, and botii were
w<irtliy jieople. She passed uway in her forty-
fifth year and he in his sixtieth.

Our subject was the sixth child in the family.
He was reared in Fountain county, Indiana, at-
tended the public schools I'l'i « en m be. ame
of nge engafjed in farming for one year in In-
diana, but the followini; ear crossed t i- iiliim-
with oxen. The bari^ain he made was to pay
$75 for himself and $75 for another man that
they miifht have the use of the team and wajron
with iirovisions. He and his friend looked
upon the trip as one of pleasure, merely desir-
ing to explore the country and do some hunting,
not having the least idea of remaining in Ore-
gon. This was the year that cholera made such
inroads upon the emigrants and the man with
whom they started died of it near Wood river,
Nebraska, and the relatives went back home,
giving the oxen, wagon and ])rovisions for the
money they bad paid, and the rest of the party
came on. They saw hardships, like other trav-
elers, jierliaps the most trouble coming from
the loss of cattle, as rt'lien they reached Salmon
falls, on Snake river, theyliad but two yoke left.
Two of the party had mountain fever and Mr.
Day gave a Mr. Dove the team upon his agree-
ing to haul them to the Dalles, and Mr. Day
and a friend sailed down Snake river in a boat
to old Fort Boise and crossed the mountains on
foot. In the Ulue mountains he came up with
a man who had stock, and he helped him with it
until he reached the Dalles, when he purchased
provisions sufMcient to last while traveling down

the trail, and a widow cooked them for Iiitn on
receipt of half. ( >ur snliject came down tin;
{'oluniliia river ami when he n^ached the pro-
ie(^tini' rock he was olilii'cd to stop, build a tire
and lay down to rest without blanket until niorii-
ing. In the niornin.; he started to hunt the
trail and in climbing the mountain he threw
his boots up before. him and then he could not
climb up to where they were, so this left him
with his inoc<'a8in8 only. Then he returned to
his (Starting place ami waited for a boat. For-
tunately, before long, tiesse (!ox came down and
took Mr. Day in bis boat. .\t this time the
lattcr's cash had dwindled down to $'2.50, but
he worked for Mr. Cox until he had earned
S125. Then he took passage on a steamboat
to Portland and worked a few days there, sever-
ing the timber, where the center of the city
now is. He then came up the Willamette and
engaged in logging and school teaching during
the winter in French I'rairie. In the spring ot'
1854 be went to the mines in southern Oregon
and engaged in gold digging and remained
there during the Rogue river war, being, during
that time, in the emjiloy of the Quartermaster's
Department. After this be came down to Ore-
gon City and purchased an interest in the old
Hosier steamboat which sailed between Oregon
City and Dayton one year under his and his
partner's management.

Mr. Day was married February 6, 1850, to
Miss Sarali .lane Painter, a native ot Missouri,
daughter of Judge Painter of that State. After
this marriage he purchased 320 acres of land
where he now resides, two and one-half miles
south of Tualatin. Here lie has since resided
and prospered, and where he now has a valuable
farm, a good residence and every appearance
of comfort anniml him. Mr. and Mrs. Day
have had a family of fifteen children, as follows:
William R., residing in Tualatin; ('harles also
resides in this place; .Maggie, married to Mar-
cus L. Barstow, residing in Walla Walla; Jessie,
residing in Walla Walla; Joseph, residing in
Whitman county; and the following are at
home, (reorge, Robert, Annie, Grace, Josephine,
tfohn, Benjamin, Chester, Walter and Francis.

Since the organization of the party Mr. Day
has been a reliable Republican, and in 18f)6 he
was elected by his fellow-citizens as their repre-
sentative in State Legislature, in which capacity
he served them faithfully. Since that time he
has held the ofMce of Justice of the Peace, in
which position he dispenses justice every day,

nisroiir of ohkiios.

\ih

ami 8o jiiDt Imvu heuii Iii'h dccMHJntis that notio
of tliiMii Imvf (ivi'r liccii rcvcivcd liy flii^ liij^lur
ciiiirt, tliiiH proviiii; him t(i lie ii iiiun of cxci'l-
leiit ju(l)i{iiu»iit mill ()ti;r(«ut ruliiiliility. lie I1118
buen |)r<iiniiit*nl in tlio (iniii^f iiml liiis liuM nil
tilt* ieiulini^ (>lK(!fH in it. Ih; itiul liir* ^(xiij wil'ti
urc iilK'i'al in their rt'lif^imis vIcwh iiikI aio pi-o-
])!(■ whi) lire well thiin>;lit of in the ('(Mint}' in
wiiicli lln'v hiivc rcsidfd so hm^.

When onr snl>ji"(;t was in honthci'ii Oi'i-gon
lie was a nicniliLM' of a ciiniiany of niinci'H or-
jrnnizeil to tij^ht tin; Indians in nfif|>ri/tei'ti(iri,
Htanding irnard many a nijrlit and IiIh company
alliiwcd no IndianHdii AitiiDnse creek. While
he lived in .losepliineennnty, at an early day, he
was a candidate for Schiml Siiiierintendent ami
tatiffht the first school in tiie county at l''ort
l>rif.'gs. The school was held in a log house,
which had a dirt tloor and watt loi'ated inside
the i)alisades of the fort. There was a little
tower on each corner of the palisades and ninny
a night oiir subject has spent on fjnard in one
of these towers. For tlii^ 'inih'ini; of the pal-
isades the settlers whiji-sawed and split pnnch-
eons, for the lumber and the picki^ts which
formed it were sixteen feet hii;h. Many were
the exptiriences of those early days which he
and his good wife tell in a very intorestinf;
manner. They bid fair to live long to enjoy
tlieir present peace and comfort.

iNDUKW .1. MAIISIIALL, (me of Port-
land's most valued citizens, is a (Julifornia
pioneer of 1849, since which time he has
witnessed, with intercft, the j^radnal nnfoldiiii; of
commerce on the coast, which has brought to
its shores trreat prosperity and wealth, lie was
born in Baltimore, Maryland, February 11,
1^32.

His lather, William Marshall, was also born
in l^altinioie, and was of Scotch ancestry, who
settled in the colony of Maryland in its early
history. Members of the family figured prom-
nently in the affairs of the State and country,
among whom was the Hon. .lohn Marshall,
Chief Justice of the United States, who is a
great-uncle of our present subject.

William Marshall, the father of the subject
of this sketch, married Miss Margaret L. Mane-
gere, of French ancestry, they having been
early settlers of Canada. They have five chil-

dren, three now living, of which our Kuhjout was

the third.

Andrew .1. .Mar-hall was raised and educated
in Lexington, Kentucky, until he attaiiUHJ the
age of sixteen years. In IHtH, we lind him set-
ting sail for China, an expedition peculiarly
eniduintiri;; to an adventurous lioy. particularly
an American one. Hearing, however, <d' the
gold discoveries in Calit'ornia, the reports of
wl|i(di lost nothing l)y traveling, the destination
was changed to thai of the (iolden State, where,
in IS'ID, \v(! find him busily working in the
placer mines at Mokelumne Hill. Tliencu ho
went to Downieville, and also to the Vuba and
Feather rivers. He met with encouraging suc-
cess. •

Later, he turned his attentioti to merchandising
and for a time conducted a store at I'ine (irove,
anil another at St. Louis, and was, nnfortumttely,
burned out at both places, thus losing nearly all
he had so laboriously accumulated.

He then returned tor a tinu< to mining, with
o(ieratioiis at Vreka. but later entered the em-
ploy of the Adams Kxpress Company as mes-
senger.

In 1850 we find him in i'ortland tor the first
time. He engaged in the manul'iu'ture of car-
I'iages and wagons at French I'l airie, ( )regon ( ,'ity,
and later in I'ortland. Since fiecotning a citi-
zen of the metropolis lit* has tilled many posi-
tions of honor and trust, in the di. 'diaige of all
the duties of which he hasdistini.ni!.!. 'd himself
for ability and integrity. He •-e.t.ed for a
couple of years as Street Coininio.iop jr, making
a satisfactory record. In .Inly, H74, he was
appointed Deputy County Clark, rendering in
that capacity valuable service to Multnonah
county for a number of years, which services
were greatly appreciated.

In 1S5!I he was married to Miss Sarah K.
Choate, an estimable la<!y, and a native of Ken-
tucky, a daughter of Mr. .lesse L. Choate, a well
and favorably known pioneer of the Pacific
coast. They have five children living, all born
in Oregon: Richard II., John W., Inez N.,
Joseph E. and (irace G. The two eldest sons
are worthy business men of Portland.

In fraternal matters, Mr. Marshall has taken
a prominent part. He has attained, as an Odd
Fellow, to the degree of Past Crand Master of
the Grand Lodge of the State, and is Past
Grand Patriarch of the (Trand Encampment,
his name being preserved in the annals of the
order as being the first in the State to iiold that

nisToity "/■' oiiKiiDN.

21)9

liif^li poHitioM. In tlic MiiHdiiic Drdcr, lie is
I'li.-t MdrttiM' dl' Iliiriridiiy Lmlgc, jNd, Vi, and
WHS tor Hcvt'i'iil ycar'H \\w ctlicitMit (tccrrtiiry of
that Idd^o, ill* luiH hIho tliu honor <d' having
olitaiiiL'd till! ('.Iiarter, and of Imiiij; a cliai'tcr
iiii'iiilici' of the tii'Ht lodjje of the Ancient Order
of (Initt'd Workmen ever formed in the State,
ealh'd Hope l.odffe, No. I, of wiiieh he .vaH tiie
tirnt person to hohl tlie otliee of I'ast Mauler.
He hax taken a deep interest in the latter order,
wliieli is truly htMieticeiit, and has devoted iiincli
time )'.;iil valiiahle aid to its welfare. Such hae
been his relation to the societ i <■ jat he has rightly
heeii called the father of the order in Oregon.

Politically, ^[r Marshall liiis always lieen a
Btaiich Uepulilican, and takes a cominendahle
interest in all the affairs of the State and coun-
try.

Forty-tliroo years iiave i)assed since he
8tep|)ed ashore on the shining sands of the I'a
citic coast. Since then wiiat marvelous changes
have taken place, especially in the metropolis of
Oregon. At that time, scarcely reclaimed from
the primeval forest, its Hiirroiindings were for
the iiiosr part given up to solitude. An occa-
sional Indian glided down the heantifiil btreams
for wliicli tli(! Stale is faieous, the onl}' sound
heing that made by his jiaddle, as lie guided his
tiny craft. Now huge manufactories and noisy
marts of trade contribute to the general linhbub,
while the utmost depths of the crystal streams
are stirred by those colossal steamers, which
plow their surfaces, transporting hundreds of
persons, on business or on [ileasnre bent.

It is hut natural that he should have grown
to love the place which has been for so many
years his home, and where his upright ciiarac-
ter, energetic disposition and coiirteoiiH manner
have gained for him the universal esteem of his
fellow-men.

I-^J^VES*,--

■'-frlC4

fOIlN IIEISLER, one of the most enter-
prising farmers of Washington county, was
.,;, born in the Stale of Pennsylvania in 1840.
His father, John Ileisler, was born in Alsace,
Germany, and married Mies Mary Ann Munch,
a native of his own country. They came to the
United States to inake tlieir own way in the
world, settled in Pennsylvania and here his five
children were reared, and all are still living.
The parents became thrifty and well-to-do

year

(irmers and the father died in his fiftieth
and the mother in her (iffy fourth year.

< >ur •'iilijeet was the second child in the fi.iiiily,
and was reared in his nalive State. lie had few
o|iportunitieH for education, and can he truth-
fully called a self-made man. When seventeen
years of age he came to California and engaged
in work in the New Almaihtn (|uicksilver mine
and Worked for this company for six years with-
out losing a day's time. At first he received
'!<'i per ihiy, and soon was advanceil to N3 a day.
lie was a great lover of horses, and he was per-
mitted to drive the great four and si.v horsii
teams. At this business he became exceedingly
expert and delighted in the handling ol tlu'
noble brutes and from this very love came the
power ov(>r them, which Mr. Ileisler possesses
in a wonderful degree.

Ill ISTOour subject came with his savings to
Oregon and purchased 194 acres of land, nine
and one-half miles northwest of Forest (irove.
lie married Miss Jose}iliine liaiiylee, a native of
(Jiiliforiiia and the marriage was cehdirated
December 11, 1870. They lived on their j)lace
until October. 1871, and then they returned to
(.'alifornia, and he worked in the mines for four
years more and made enough money to buy lt)4
acres mom of land adjoining his first |)urcha8e,
and in 1.S75 he returned to his farm and l)cgan
its improvement in earnest. He has since made
of it one of the finest farms in the county, indeed,
making the wilderness blossom like the rose.
He has added lOo more acres, and now owns
4<);J acres, and has cleared 170 ac.-es more than
was cleared when he came here, and has built a
tine farm residence with a fine sjiiing house
back of it and with a beautiful view of the valley
before it. He has built one of the finest barns
in the neighborhood, 40 x fiO feet, the basement
lieiiig arranged for sheep, the next floor for
horses and cattle and the third for hay and grsin,
the upper story being for carriages and imple-
ments, lie drives into the upper story, and all
the hay and grain are sent down instead of up.
His stables are ])articnlarly well arranged for
stock and for convenience in feeding. This
barn Mr. Heisler planned himself, and it is in-
deed something to oe proud of, showing that Mr.
Ileisler has the eye of an architect.

Mrs. Ileisler died in 1870, leaving two chil-
dren: Josephine N., now a young lady; and Alpha,
a capable lad of sixteen years. In 1879 our sub-
ject married Miss Emma A. Pointer, a native
of Iowa, and the daughter of Vincent Pointer,

: -«ft*f -:--,S*B:SS^*!

17^-^'

■'?f}OM.

SOI

uti'tiaitt ■

'f tllf h'Mlii.
T ViOtict' VVi
. .lit of N<:>v
■ r. he WHS '1.
, -n the Isle of '
vim to P^viil
')..d .11 1841
.^'iied t'roi:
• 1 Imff N ..

■I.!.' i» furm near St H* Iih-.>, \»iwrr .

uim

on Ohrt-

;•

Viw)

liivj/toiij.

• ■;

. f .' .

lit r,f the

.*.i'

.!M.

..,}•,:•

linlmnH

^»

iiwt'd thf

Beft

lit! «i; .-if'

<< ngain

lilt

until ISSN

V : .

1 ■■.

fiM'il

!n l»i6^|
ill i<Ju '

(■-"■^

'ffi

the nf*
*»» rt:!

M LUEN POPE, «;id«tt *.■•-■ erf- 04pte,n

'^'t') fop.'. ve»« httra in Fi»iri»)<vdw, Sttw**-

■' (iiH, Mi»r«h. 1S37, until bfl^an to fii>}

'. niit'ti fonrttion yj-t^rt of »|f»'. fn

' : ' witli Ins yonnp^fcc l)Wtt)*.|\

•ii tiwf fatiior in Oi*

• May. lSr)4.

■ '70 returned to Pen (Ic-Oricllo

' manager of the steam bout

hich time he ran the steamers

let over Heron's rapids, and

fion to the lake helow, a very

ing, hut siieeessfiilly aeconi-

le retnriieil to Porilaiui, and

employed in Wells, Fargo

as also Secretary of the Ma-

ociation, and from 1875 to

maiiajj;er of a mutual life

latter year he assumed the

teltiplione business, erecting

. , 3iieral system.

caused him to reljn(iuisli
ear.s he was with the old
en was one year in the
cf minins' locations, and the
ashier ami assistant 8e('re-
intiiiental Street Railway

V,. ts.jMi •,> i; fif.i ninent member of the Ma-
ze f;n!v"'!iity, beiiig one of the tew who have
::itH(intid tlie thirty third degree of the Scottish
Tlhe for the .Soutlurn .Turisdiction. He has
t|(it 'inly received hut has also conferred all the
d«grtiiMS ill the York rite, heitig I'ast Eminent
UoiBn>»?n)erot'the Knights Templar, Past Grand
High Priest, and at present i^ Master of Port-
land r.<)iig«'. !^o. 5.5, A. F. >fe A. M. lie is also
A tiit-KiN'f of the Oivgon Pioneer Society.

It! jK)litic8 he has generally allied himself
with !»i«' f)eniocratlc party, hut is liiieral and
itJiJci indent in kis views. He has thus seen
'Ait grnwtU and devel -pment of Oregon and the
rt.jravwe«t«K>aHt,and i- well informed on General
t<>j>iu«.

TE GROVER— Thehis.

>r the first half century is

? 'Cr of interest, no small

Ts a!)out a comparatively

izeiis, whose individimlity

■ ' , either in pulilic life or

trodden by the priv.ate

:>■■ in a country undergoing

i'-iiiDn from a wilderness to a

>(i. aii'i the men who lead in

hill- must he regarded hy the

'.• •Miif, ii-.'s of the province. State

■• ih'i I'An may he, and hence an in-

'U ijf ite Ir-tory.

■<^n,wi^vLi«

i: ' I

/'T^^

HTSTORT OF ORBOON.

:)0i

and liis desceiidanta took an active part in the
affairs of tlie couiitry. Tlie grandfather of Cap-
tain Seth Pope was a member of tiie (ilenorai
('oiirt (Lei^isiatiirej, serving till 1792. His
fatlier was a Lienteiiant in tlie colonial service,
heinu; present at the battle of JJunker Hill.
The subject of our notice was for many years a
eea (iaptain, sailinj^ ont of New York and New
Bedford. In 1836 he was married to Miss
Mary Ilenwood, in the Isle of Wight, Enj^land,
who came with him to Fairhaven, Massaclin-
eetts, where she died in 1841. .Tannary, 1850,
Captain Seth Pope sailed from New Hudford for
Sa'i P'rancisco, in the brig Nonpareil, of which
lie was owner and master, arriving out in Jnne
of same year. In October, 1850, he arrived
with his vessel in the Colnmbia river; and set-
tling at St. Helen's, Columbia county, Oregon,
erected the first frame house there and engaged
in merchandising, his two sons arriving in May,
1854. He was the first Postmaster, atid taking
an active part in county affairs, was elected
several years as County Treasurer, and served
twelve years as County and Probate Judge.
He also owned a farm near St. Helen's, where
)ie resided till 1881, when he removed to Port-
land, to be near his eldest son, where he died in
l&8f , id his eighty-third year.

"U:'!' LUP:N ?0PE, eldest son of Captain
gji;'! !■*. Ih iL'ope, was born in Fairhaven, Massa-
u'luseffs, March. 1837, and began to fol-
low thi, „;A when fourteen years of age. In
December, 1853. he, with his younger i)rotlier,
sailed from Boston to join their father in Ore-
gon, and arrived at St. Helen's in May, 1854.
The following year he took up a claim on Clia-
lacha prairie (now Clark county. Washington),
where he remained till the breaking out of the
Indian war of that year, when, the Indians
having destroyed all his improvements, he again
follciwcd the sea as an officer of the bark Desde-
liiona. until 1858. Meeting with an acci<lent,
'':> '.'tui'iird to his father's farm, and remained
' l?<i)2, ^hen he went to the Dalles, Wasco
county, Oregon, and was employed in a sash
and <loor manufactory, [n 1860 he went to
Pen-de-Orielle lake (now in Idaho), where he
assisted in opening up the new route to the
mines in Montana, and was running (ui the
teatner there two years. In 1868 ho remained
t the DalleB as agent and secretary of a woolen

mill, but in 186y-'70 returned to Pen de-Orielle
lake as agent and manager of the .steamboat
company, <liiring which time he ran the steamers
Missoula and Cabinet over lloron's rapids, and
through (!abinet cafion to the lake below, a very
dangerous undertaking, but successfully accom-
plished. In 1870 he returned to Portland, and
for a few years was employed in Wells, Fargo
& Co.'s E.xpress; was also Secretary of the Ma-
sonic Building Association, and from 1875 to
1880 was agent and manager of a mutual life
association. In the latter year he assumed the
management of the telephone business, erecting
the first plant and general system.

In 1883 ill health caused him to reljnquish
this, and for four years he was with the old
water company; then was one year in the
mountains, examining mining locations, and the
following year was cashier and assistant seitre-
tary of the Transcontinental Street Railway
Comjiany.

Mr. Pope is a prominent member of the Ma-
sonic fraternity, being one of the few who have
attained the thirty-third degree of the Scottish
Rite for the Southern Jurisdiction. He has
not only received hut has also conferred all the
degrees in the York rite, being Past Eminent
Commander of the Knights Templar. Past Grand
High Priest, and at present is Master of Port-
land Lodge, No. 55. A. F. & A. M. He is also
a member of the Oregon Pioneer Society.

In politics he has generally allied himself
with the Democratic party, but is liberal and
independent in kis views. He has thus seen
the growth and development of Oregon and the
northwest coast, and is well informed on general
topics.

iON. LA FAYETTE GROVEll.— The his-
tory of Oregon for the first half century is
replete with matter of interest, no small
portion of which centers about a comparatively
small number of her citizens, whose individuality
compelled recognition, either in pulilic life or
in the various avenues trodden by the private
citizen. So it always is in a country undergoing
the process of transitidn from a wilderness ti) a
state of civilization, and the men who lead in
affairs at such a time must be regarded by the
historian as the founders of the province. State
or nation, as the case may be, and hence an in-
tegral portion of its history.

ii02

HISTORY OF OREOON.

The iiiiiiK' wliicli lieads tiiis articUi is that of
one will) fame to this S:iite a young inaii, but
little known, whot-e natural (jiialitifs yet broui^ht
him soon into (•(Jtitact witli tiie tnovitio elements;
bis ailvaneement thronjfh a succession of ottieial
trn>-t.s, well e.xeented, was fittingly crowned by
his ciioice l)y the citizens of tiie State as their
Chief Kxeciitive. and finally as the representa-
tive of the coiiDnonwealth of Oregon in the
national Senate -the highest honors within the
gift ot' the people. A much more than passing
mention of him, embracing an outline sketch of
his career, as well as something of his antece-
dents, becomes therefore a valuable and indeed,
essential portion of this work, devoted as it is
to the history of the State in its various
phases.

La Fayette C4rover was born in Hetliel, O.xford
county. Main'-, on the '2'Jth of November, 1823.
Tlie (^r' .er family, as well as being among the
oldest in this country, is of the eirliest English
origin, being clearly traceal)le, by records of
deeds and wills, as far bauk as such records ex-
tend. The (Jrovers were a ''landed family,"
botli in Klngland and America, and distinguished
in military and professional life. The name is
recognized in works on English heraldry as en-
titled to liear several coats of arms.

The progenitors of the family in this country,
Thomas and Eliza Grover, came from England
to Massachusetts bay with Governor Winthrop's
colony in 1030. They settled in that ])ortion of
Charlestown, which is now Maiden, and were
n;eml)ers of the first church organization of that
town. Tlionnis, Andrew and Ephraim Grover,
three grandsons of these first American settlers,
removed to Taunton North Purchase, Massachu-
setts, in 1702. and l)onght wild lands there, and
made new homes, about twenty-five miles from
I'oston. The original surveys of these lands
were made by Captain Miles Standish. and he
was one of the original proprietors. The '• North
I'urcliaee'" was soon afterward organized into
the town I'f Norton, and a church was there es-
tablislu<l. of which tlie drrovers were members
in the original organization The Church of
the North Precinct of Norton was soon estal)-
lished, with l^|)hraim (irover as one of the Dea-
cons. This precinct was afterward organized
into the ])resent town of ilansfield.

These Grovers (says the history of Norton)
" bought lands in company. November 14, 1702,
and built their houses forty or fifty rods apart,
forming a sort of equilateral triangle.'' This was

I evidently for mutual protection against Indians,
.who still occasionally appeared in marauding
1 bands among exjiosed settlements of ihe Etiglish.
They took part in the management of town
affairs in Is'orton and Mansfield, hecoi;iing
" selectmen," wardens, and tilling other offices of
trust ".I d were ])rominent in the church. James
Grov ■ ' •:■• Ison of Andrew, removed to Ox-
ford Coll 'aine, with five sons and tiiree
daughters, '.781. They bought extensive
tracts of la.j.i on the Androscoggin river, in
what is now the town of Pethel. These lands
extended from the river south, over a broad
reach of uplands, which then became known as
" Grover Hill," and still bears that name. James
Grover joined in organizing the first church in
Hetliel, and became the Senior Deacon. During
the Uevoliitiomiry war he sent t'.de sons into
the service, all under .ige at the time of enlist-
ment, while he engaged himself in furnishing
sui)plies to the army.

John Grover, the second son of Deacon James
Grover, was a practical surveyor, and aided the
proprietors in laying out the town into lots or
tracts for sale to settlers, and after developing a
large farm on "(irover Hill" invested exten-
sively in timber lands covered with the finest of
pine forests, and engaged largely in the lumber
business. Of him, Lapham's History of Bethel,
speaking of the first settlers of the town, says:
" He had bravely served in the war for inde-
pendence; he wiw a stalwart man in his make-
up, and as brave as he was strong." He was
but eighteen years of age at the opening of the
lievoliitionary struggle, and was one of the
" minute men" who pursiu'd the retreat of the
British troops from Lexington to Boston; was
at the battle of iiunker Hill and at Dorchester
Heights, and served two years in the (Continental
army.

John (irover, the eldest son of the foregoing,
who became one of tlie most distinguished
physicians, surgeons and scholars of Maine, was
born in Bethel, November 22, 1783. He was
reared on the farm and aide<i his father in the
lumber business, but early turned his attention
to aci|uiring an education. The beginning of
the war of 1812 found him a medical student,
and lie immediately enlisted as Hospital Steward
at Portland, but such was his proficiency and
skill in surgery that he was shortly assigned to
Surgeon's duty and attained great and successful
ex])erience as an operating Surgeon. At the
close of the war he spent one year in Boston as

nr STORY OF OREGON.

808

the pupil of the celehrated Dr. .Folui Warren,
ami atteiideJ a course of leutnres at Harvard
University. In 1810 he estahlisliod iiiinselt' in
his profession at Bethel, Maine, where for more
than fifty years he pursued its |)raetice through-
out that part of the State with great sueeess
and distinction. He was a nieinher of the con
etitutioii which framed the Constitution of
Maine, in 1819, and after the admission of the
State to the Union, in 1820, he served several
years in hoth branches of the Legislature. He
was for thirty-tive years a Snrgeon in the State
Militia, and was Surgeon in-Chief of the forces
called into the Held, in 1837, to repel Hritish
invasion of the northeastern portion of Maine,
during the dispute between Great Britain and
the United States, as to our northeastern
boundary. He was one of the founders of the
Classical Academy at Bethel, and was for many
years the President of its Board of Trustees, and
took great interest in general education.

Dr. John Grover married a lady who was a
descendant on her mother's side of one of the
earliest New England families, the Woodmans,
of Massachusetts, the oriifinal settler in this
country coming from Jfewbury, Enorland, in
IGBu, and settling in Newbury (now Newi)ury-
port), Massachusetts, where he was one of tlie
early Magistrates of the town. Dr. dohn and
Fanny Grover were the parents of two daughters,
who died young, and of four sons, viz.: Aber-
nethy, who served as a member of the Legislat-
ure of Maine, and of the Governor's Council,
and during the civil war as Captain and Major
in the Thirteenth Regiment, Maine Voluuteurs,
also served four years as Register of the United
States Land Office at Miles City, Montana;
Talleyrand, who was for nine years professor
of languages in Delaware ("ollege, at Newark,
Delaware, a young man of great talent, who
died |)rematurely at the University of Upsala,
Sweden, in 1859, whither he had gone to pursue
his studies; General Cuvier. a graduate of West
Point, in the class of 1850, in which he won
distinguished honors, who became a General in
the army of the United States, servincr with
BigUivl ability as commander of a division in the
late civil war, his death ultimately resulting
from the effects of wounds and hardships e.K-
perieiiced in that great strug..,'le; and LiFayette,
tlu^ suliject of this mention.

Hon. LaFayette Grover, whose nime heads
this sketch, was educated at the classical acad-
emy of Bethel, his native town, and at Bowdoin

College. He began the study of law in the office
of the late Asa I. Fish, of Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania; attended the lectures at the Philadelphia
Law Academy, and was admitted to practice in
that city, in March, 1850. In the fall of the
same year be took passage on a merchant vessel
in the Pacific coast trade, and after a long voy-
age around cape Horn, arrived in San Francisco
in July, 1851, whence he proceeded to Portland
on the steamer Columbia, which had but a short
time before entered in that service. Going di-
rectly to Salem, he entered at once into practice
as a lawyer. The first regular term of the
United States District Court was convened there
during the following month, and he was invited
by Chief Justice Nelson to become Clerk of the
court. He accepted the [losition for the time
being, with the condition that another should
shortly relieve him, but served 8i,\ months in
that capacity before a successor was appointerl.
After resignitig the Clerkship of the court, he
associated iiimself in practice with Benjamin F.
Harding, a young man of much promise, who
afterward became, successively. United States
District Attorney, Secretary of Oregon Territory,
and United States Senator. Their practice was
extensive, and very successful. The Legislature
of 1852 elected Mr. Grover Prosecuting Attorney
of the Second Judicial District, which, including
Marion county, extended south to the California
line. In 1853 he was elected to the Territorial
Legislature of Oreiron, and on the oriranization
of that body he was honored with the appoint-
ment to the Chairmanship of the Judiciary
Committee. In this position he exercised much
influence in giving form to the early laws of
Oregon, and was very busy in writing bills and
reports for other meml)ers who wished assist-
ance. At this session also, in consnitation with
the late Rev. William Rciberts, D. D., he
drafted, and promoted to its passage, a bill or-
ganizing the Willamette University. He was
one of the Trustees of that institution for several
yenrs, and was its counsel in adjusting all rights
to land held as a foundation interest by contract
with Dr. William H. Willson and wife, proprie-
tors of the town of Salem. Ho drew the deed
under which the university holds its landed
property. He was (chairman of the Board Com-
mittee, which formulated the first collegiate
course of studies for that institution.

In the autumn of 1853 occurred the first
Rogue river Indian war. Mr. Grover assisted
in raising a company of volunteers at Salem for

I 1

H04

mSTOUY (IF (iliKOOS.

that service, and served as First Lieutenant of
timt coiiipiiny. At the close of this service lie
appeared as Deputy United States District
Attorney in the courts ot southern ( h'egon, tlien
being held lor the tirst time. In 1854 he
served as President of the Hoard of Coinniis-
sioners authorized by (Jonifress to assess the
losses sustained by the settlers of Uogue river
valley durini^ the precedinif yejir, the Govern-
ment havinjT assumed the payment of damages
inflicted by the Indians.

In 1855 Mr. Grover was aj^ain elected to the
Legisliiture trom ilarion county, and served as
Speaker of the House during the session of
l!S55-'5('). At this session, under liis leadership,
the seat of (toveruinent was removed from Cor-
vallis to Salem.

In the meantime trouble with the Indians of
a much more aggravated type than before, broke
out, the combined tribes from British (Columbia
to {-alifornia combining and attacking the
frontier settlfMiients of Oregon and WashiTigton
in a determined manner. In addition to the
United States troops utilized in the suppression
of the trouble. 2,()00 volunteers from Oregon
and Washinr.t )n were called for, and on belialf
of his o. ;, ' ,;rritory, Mr. Grover assisted in
raising these men, after which he served
throughout the Yakima campaign (Ui the staff
of Colonel Nesmith. In 1857 lie was called
upon to perform a labor similar to that of 1854,
being a member of the Military Commission
. appointed by the Secretary of AV'ar under
autlii>rity cf an act of Congress, to audit and
report to the War Department the expenses in-
curred by Oregon and Washington in suppress-
ing the Indian uprising. Resides himself, the
members of the Commission were A. J. Smith,
who served with distinction as Major-General
during the civil war; and Rufus Ingalls, who
was Chief (Quartermaster if tlie Army of the
Potomac, and became QiiartermaslerCieneral
of the United States.

Mr. Grover was active in advocating the claims
of Oregon to Statehood, and was chosen a dele-
gate from Marion county to the convention of
1857, called to meet at Salem, for the purpose
of framing a constitution, and applying for ad-
mission to the Union as a State. In that conven-
tion ho served as Chairman of the Committee
on the I'ill of Rights, and as member of several
other important committees which influenced
largely the actinn of that body. In particular,
he was a member of the Committee on the

" Schedule,'' which engrafted the new constitu-
tion upon the Territorial Government and the
old order of things, and submitted special ques-
tions to be decided by the people. The late
Judge Cyrus Olney was Chairman of this(,'om-
mittee; but. hisbusiness relations reqi iring his
absence during the latter part of the conventiim,
Mr. (irover acted as(!hairmaii in finally drafting
and reporting the Schedule, the main terms of
which had been the subject of consultation
before .ludge Olney retired. During the j)eriod
of the Oregon Constitutional Convention, Kan-
sas was in the throes of civil discord on account
of the slavery question. Considerable feeling
and interest, therefore, were manifest in Oregon
on tlie subject, a large number of the settlers
iiere having come from the slave States; the
question had to be met. The report upon the
Schedule, which was adopted by the convention,
provided that the existence of slavery in this
State should be submitted as a separate proposi-
tion to a direct viva voce vote of the electors,
who should answer yes or no. The vote was no,
by a large i.iajority; and thus nt this early
period, this subject was eliminated permonently
from the politics of Oregon.

At the general election held under the new
constitution, Mr. Grover was chosen the first
Representative of Oregon in the National Con-
gress. His chief work at this time was to se-
cure the admission of the State, in co-operation
with his colleagues. Senators Joseph Lane and
Delazon Smith. At their request he prepared
the brief of the ground and authorities on which
the delegation relied, to be used by Alexander
II. Stephens in his closing speech of the mem-
orable debate which barely brought Oregon
within the fohl of the Uniim. He also advocated
tiie assumptioTi by the general Government of
the Oregon Indian war debt. When the Tliirty-
tifth Congress had concluded its labors, he re-
turned to Oregon, and for the succeeding ten
years devoted himself assiduously, and almost
exclusively, to his profession and to business
pursuits. He associated himself with the late
Joseph S. Smith (afterward member of Con-
gress) in practice at Salem, and the partnership
was afterward extended to include a Portland
connection, personally re|)resented in the me-
tropolis by Judge W. W. Page (to which city
Mr. Grover shortly afterward removed) the firm
assuming a standing commensurate with the
prominence ami abilities of its members.

He was also, at this time, active in other di-

t^'M

U18T0HY OF OliUllON.

305

di-

rections, liiid is entitled to rank as one of the
early eflieient promoters of inanufaetnres in
Oregon. In iSofi, the year he closed his term
as Speaker of tiie Territorial Legislature, he ac-
tively interested himself in the organization of
the Willamette Woolen Manufacturing Com-
pany, at Salem, which had in view the intro-
duction to the capital city, by canal and
natural channels, of tlie waters of the Santiam
river, to furnish power for their own and
such other manufacturing enterprises as might
thus be induced to establish themselves there.
lie became a director of the company, and so
continued for fifteen years, during which period,
this pioneer of extensive manufacturing schemes
in Oregon, attained large proportions and
achieved abundant success. In 1860 he pur-
chased the shares of Joseph Watt in this cor-
poration, and became owner of a one-third in-
terest in all the mills and water-power of Sa-
lem, and from 18(')7 to 1871 gave his personal
attention to the mauiigement of the interests of
the company. He directed the completion of
the Salem Flouring Mills, previously begun,
including the putting in of all the machinery
and the construction of a canal for steamboats
from the river to the mill. He also enlarged
the woolen factory and greatly extended its
business. The Salem Mills were the fir.st ship-
pers of Oregon flour by the cargo to foreign
ports. The stimulus of a manufacturing en-
terprise of this magnitude, at this early date,
was very great, and proved a boon to farming
interests. The woolen mills were destroyed by
Hre after Mr. Grover ceased to be a member of
the company.

As a delegate from Multnomah county he
attended the Democratic State Oonvention, at
Portland, in 18B6, and was chosen to preside
over its deliberHtions. iiy this body he was
elected Chairman of the State Central Commit-
tee of the party, in which position he served
during the succeeding four years.

In 1870 he was nominated for Governor on
the Democratic ticket, and was chosen as such
at the ensuing .June election. The year 1874
brought him a re-election as Chief Executive,
which office he held until 1877, when he re-
signed to accept the United States Senator-
ship, to which he had been elected by the
General Assembly of Oregon, in joint conven-
tion, in September, 1870. The chief issue on
which he conducted his campaign for the guber-
natorial chair iu 1870 was the abrogation of

the Hurlingamo treaty, though the suliject was
not mentioned in the jilatform of either |)nrty.

In his inaugural address to the Legislature of
that year he touched strongly upon the subject
of this treaty, favoring its abiogntion and the
exclusion of the Chinese. The Legislature
adopted his recommendation, and memorialized
Congress accordingly. From this time for-
ward, until by his voice and vote in the United
States Senate he assisted in the euccessfid etfort
to modify the treaty and exclude the Chinese,
he never wavered in his .active championship of
this movement.

During Governor Grover's incumbency of the
executive chair he was assiduous in the advance-
ment of the State's interest, and a number of
measures were put to adoption that had an im-
portant bearing on the welfare of the common-
wealth. One of the first of his official acts was
to pu* in force the law (which had been enacted
two years previously, but not executed) i)ro-
viding for tug boats at the mouth of the Co-
lumbia river, and a subsidy for their support —
a movement which was the most important of
all the early causes for the development to its
present proportions of the coastwise and foreign
commerce from this great river. Another navi-
gation project in which he interested himself
was the Willamette Falls improvement, he
favoring the idea of construction of locks by a
private company, aided liy the State. The
successful completion of the undertaking on
these lines opened the Willamette river to com.
petition with the railroads, and has proven of
immense value to the farmers of the ever
abounding valley of the Willamette, while se-
curing them for all time from any long con-
tinued extortion in the matter of freight rates.

During the first session of the Legislature,
after he liad assumed the office of Governor, a
bill passed both Houses, by more than a two-
thirds vote in each instance, empowering the city
of Portland to issue bonds in the sum of §300,-
000, as an inducement to Ben Holladay to build
a railroad up the west side of the Willamette
valley, with its lower terminus at Portland, and
being duly engrossed was sent to Governor
Grover for his signature. Notwithstanding the
heavy majorities by which the bill had passed the
Legislature, he felt it his duty to make a firm
stand in behalf of the State, and preserve it
from a course which would certainly prove dis-
astrous, as it has in several Western States, and,
following out his convictions, vetoed the bill in

■n^~

;iU(i

HISTOUY OF OREGON.

j \

\'v

H iiiesfttye wliii'li, as h funnor writer aptly says,
" .-ittU'd till- I'dlii-y (if llie State oil tlie siilijei't
of piililic i^raiits of money to railroad corjiora-
tioiis as loiii; as the present ('onstitiition of tliin
State exist!*." The messaire embodying the
veto was tiled alter the adjonrnmeiit of the
General Ascemhly, and went over as an issue in
the election, wliich returned the succeeding
l.egii-liitiire. In the Senate, where tlie hill
originated, the veto was sustained with prac-
tical unanimity at the next sei-sion, only one
vote heiiig recor(led iigiiinst it. As a result of
tlie pidicy thus promulgated hy tJovernor (tro-
ver, when ho stood almost alone as its exponent,
the State of Oregon and its counties and towns
are entirely free from dehts growing out of the
construction of railways, such as hang so heav-
ily o\er many other conininnities.

His administration estahlished the basis for the
segregation and patenting of all public lauds to
which the State was entitled under various
grants of Congress, and a recogiiitinn of her
right to tide lauds. Tiie indemnity coninion-
scliool lands, held in lieu of those occupied by
settlers before the i)nblic surveys were inaile,
were secured to the State, and a school fund
was created out of the nroceeds of their sales,
from which the first distribution of public
moneys for the common schools of Oregon were
made; this also being accomplished during his
term of office as (Tovernor. The grants made by
C!ongress for the establishment and support of a
State university and an agricultural college
were secured and utilized, and the (iovernor ac-
tively interested liimseU' in promoting the or-
ganization of these institutions. The institutions
for the edur-ation and care of deaf nintes and of
the blind were also established, at Salem, under
liis administration; and the penitentiary and
State Capitol buildings erected while he was
Governor, and the building of which he advo-
cated, were both constructed at a cost within
the architects' estimate, exhibitiiig efficiency,
honesty and economy in administration.

A notable incident during Governor Grover's
term of office as executive, occurred in connec-
ti(»u with the memorable I'residential campaign
of 1870). Heing a strict interpreter of the con-
stitution, he refused to certify the election of a
I'residential Elector who was disqualified, by
reason of holding a federal office, and issued the
certificate to the candidate receiving the next
highest number of votes. The settlement of this
question was so momentous a matter as to decide,

one way or the other, the selection of a President
of the United States; but the "Electoral Commis-
sion,'' authoriztd by Congress and selected lor
the purpose ol deciding this qnestion,as well as the
matter of the contested Southern States, took the
opposite view, and gave the entire vote of Ore-
gon, M'ith that of Louisiana and Florida, to Hayes,
thus seating him, instead of Tihkii. This inci-
dent must ever remain an important episode in
the history of presidential elections; and Goverii-
tir Grovcr yet adheres to his original view that
in his action in this case lie was supported by
the Constitution of the United States.

Another important historical affair, which
must he mentioned in connection with his serv-
ice as Governor, was the Mtidoc Indian war, iu
which the Oregon volunteers were engaged and
distinguished themselves by capturing twelve of
thesavages implicated in iheassassimitionof (ien-
eralCanby and the liev. I)r. Thomas, the I'eace
Commissioner, and surrendering these murderers
to the United States commander for trial. This
brilliant exploit closed the most murderous In-
dian hostilities I.nown iu the history of Oregon.

On being elected to the United States Senate,
he resigned the Governorship, and took his
seat in the Senate in March, 1877, ai:d served
during his term in that body, on the Commit-
tees on Military Affairs, Public Lands, Rail-
roads, Territories, Manufactures and Private
Land Claims. While iu the Senate he labored
assiduously to secure the settlement of the In-
dian war claims preferred by the State of Ore-
gon; to promote the completion of the North-
ern Pacific Uailroa<l; to obtain adequate appro-
priations for surveying and improving the
rivers and harbors of ()regon, as well as other
portions of the Pacific Northwest, and the ex-
tension of the Government surveys of the
public lands west of tlie Rocky mountains. As
mentioned elsewhere, he continued in the Senate
his efforts for the modification of our treaty re-
lations with ('hina, and the exclusion of Chinese
laborers from this country. He advocated on
the Hoor of the Senate an extension of time to
the Northern Pacific Railway Company for the
completion of its line to the coast, and also ad-
dressed that body on the Chinese P]xclusion
Hills, and in executive session on the ratification
of the treaty with China modifying the Hur-
lingame Treaty of 1868, and on other subjects.
Ills term in the Senate expired in 1883, and
in accordance with his previously formed reso-
lution he retired from public life, his health

UlsrOHY OF OUKilON.

807

having been impaired by the constmit demands
upon liiB energies required in its service, lie
has since devoted iiiniselt' almost exclusively to
his private Ijusiness affairs, and to the gratitica-
tion of tastes, of which he had denied himself
during his long term of service for his State.
Ainoiif^ the properties which ho had acquired,
by purciiase, was a one-fourth interest in lands
now known as "Carter's Addition to Portland,"
and he now joined with the other owners in lay-
ing out that extension of the city. In 1884
Governor and Mrs. (irover laid out a tract of
high land in the southwest portion of the city,
the gift of her parents, as Grover's Addition
to Portland, and named it "Portland Heights."
This name proved so "taking" that all the high
ground in that portion of the city bear that
title. These enterprises proved very successful,
as well as highly beneticial to the city, all that
portion of whicii has since been converted from
broken hills to heautil'ul plats, thickly dotted
with handsome residences, forming one of the
show spots of the city, llo has also made other
real-estate investments, and a portion of his
time, later, has l)een devoted to the laying off,
grading and otherwise improving a property
south and west of the city park.

Among his corporate investments 'are the
Ainsworth National Hank, of which ho is a
director, and with which he has been identittod
since its organization, and in which he assisted in
1885; also tho Portland Trust Company of
Oregon, and other important investments.

He was married in 1865, to Miss Elizabeth
Carter, youngest daughter of the late Thomas
Carter, an early resident of Portland, and one
of the most successful merchants and owners of
real estate in the city and one of the proprietors.
Mrs. Grover is a lady of high cultiireand rarely
gifted in poetical and artistic tastes; of fine
presence and graceful bearing, and withal her
works of private charity abound. She has been
a strong factor in the successes of her husband
in public life.

Their son, John Cuvier Grover, has devoted
himself to literature and art. After taking a
four years' course at the Peekskill, New York,
Military Academy, he has spent live years in
Paris, France, chiefly devoted to sculpture. He
has been admitted to the Paris Salon with a
statue of Psyche and a medallion portrait
of his father. He is now developing a
remarkable ability in painting, bidding fair to
become distinguished in both bratichos of art.

Tho chronicle of Governor Grover's career
is a record of success achieved in n re^^ioii, where
the sturdy and brilliant of many climu-> met in
competition, and it is a success acc(jinpanying a
name untarnished from the start as a lawyer,
through all his course, step by step till reach-
ing tho National House of Uepresentative,-*. tho
Govornorship of his State and the Sen<4te of the
United States. He has left his impress indelibly
on the history of his State.

f.WID L. HEDGES, an Indian war veteran
and a pioneer of Polk county, Oregon, was
born in Morgan county, Ohio, February
25, 1838. His ancestor, Charles Hedge.s, came
from England in colonial times and settled in
Virginia, and he and his posterity have boon
prominent in the affairs of the State of Virginia
over since. Grandfather Silas Hodges fought
in the colonial army during the llevolution
and he died in Athens county, Ohio, in the
eighty-fourth year of his age. Mr. Hedges'
father, Israel Hedges, was born in Virginia in
1812, and while he was yet a lad the family re-
moved to Ohio, where he grew to manhood and
married, in 1835, Miss Mary Ann Jenkins, a
neighbor, and a native of Ohio, the daughter of
Richard Jenkins, an Ohio pioneer. They re-
mained in Ohio, he working at the trade of
blacksmith and also farming; until 1851, when
he started across the plains with his wife and
five children. The eldest son, Eli, lived to be
twenty-four years old and was drowned while
fording the Willamette river. Trie second child
was David L., the subject of this sketch; Sarah
became the wife of Theodore Thorp, and resides
in Independence; William was unfortunately
shot by accident at the age of twenty-five years.
Two children wore added to the family in Ore-
gon, the eldest of these, Pearly, died in his
eighteenth year; and Ilosa married Albert Carey,
and resides in Salt Lake City.

Mr. Hedges and family were six months in
crossing the plains, and at one time, when by
the Platte river, their cattle were stampeded, but
they recovered them, and aside from that they
experienced tho usual hardships of tlie travelers
across the plains at that time. After landing in
Oregon they came direct to Polk county, and
here took a donation claim, one mile and a-lialf
above Independence, where he resided a number

:I(IH

IllSTOHY Of OHKUON.

(if jt'iiri* iind tlien sold hiiiI purclmnMl the Thorp
liotldiii, live itiiU's ahove Iii(lepcmli'i!(!*', where
tlie}' prosjjerud. However, when the year of
the liigli wiiterof "(U iiml "(52 eaiiie, their lioiiso
was tioateil and was kept from going down tiie
rivei' liy a tree iieing in the way. Tliis wan tlie
jjreatei-t tlodd known lieloriMir since. Tliin fer-
tile hind Mr. lledi;es solil to Harry Cliritstian,
and tlien he moved into Indepeiuh'nce and he-
};Hn work at his trade of lihieksmith anil worked
at it tor twelve years.

In 18S1 our siilijeet's father had to part with
his faithful wife, lint he is still liviiifr in his
seventy ninth year, and has the Tianie of always
having lieen an holiest and honorable man. He
served as Lieutenant in the Indian war of
185o-'5t) ill Company A, witli Captain Marion
Goff.

iJiivid L. Hedges was roared and edneated in
Polk county, ami licfjan to do for himself when
he was hut sixteen years of age. He was
eifihteen years of age wlien the Iniliaii war broke
out, and in 18o() he volunteered in the Marion
County (k)inpany and went to the Dalles. Here
he was transferred to the I'olk County (\)inpany
under (Jajitain H. G. J?ureh, and like a brave
man he suffered all the privations of the ooiii-
pany, being rediiceif with the rest to the eating
of horse tlesh for seven days. The tights with
the Indians were always skirmishes, the savages
always running.

After this war Mr. Hedges worked tor such
wages as he eould get, and in 1801 he purchased
16() acres of land across the Willamette from
iiiiena Vista. The t'oUowing winter the flood
came and swept away all he had, the house with
til its contents, and the only way that the people
escaped with their lives was when people came
with a skiff and took them otl', and an hour later
the house went down the river. In 1802 he re-
moved to the Cascades, and for six months was
enf;aged in teaming, but was taken sick and re-
turned to Independence. After two years he
went east of the mountains and was engaged in
the stock business on Butter Creek, and here he
met with success and continued three years,
when lie sold out and came to his present
location.

After reaching this place Mr. Hedges pur-
chased eighty-nine acres of land, but about two
years later lie sold it and bought school and
nniversity land, 300 acres of wliicli he farmed
for a nninber of years. He then sold out and
went to Whitman county, Washington, and there

engaged in the sheep business for nine years,
but all this time he retained his home in Inde-
pendence, and this he still owns. He made a
success of sheep raising and be ](urclia8ed 173
acres on the river two miles below Independence,
and on this pleasant place he resides in summer
and at bis home in Inde|)eiideii('e in the winter.
Our subject was married to Miss Amanda
.lane Fudge, a native (d' Illinois, born in 1843.
Her father, Adam Fudge, was an Oregon pio-
neer of 18+7. They have had a family of tour
children, as follows: Minnie, who married H.
K. Patterson, adruf;gistof Independence; Lot-
tie, resides at home; Kinina Gertrude, married
.L A. Morris, and resides in Independence; and
Parly is at home. Mrs. H(Ml{»es is a ineniher
of the Congregational Church. Our subject has
l>een for many years a Democrat, but now votes
with the People's party. He has been a very
industrious and hard-working man, and his
labors have been rewarded with a competency,
which 1ms been richly deserved.

iB©^-

IIOMAS B. IIENDKKSON, an esteemed
Oregon pioneer of 1852, and a prominent
fanner and business man of Yam Hill
county, was born in Pennsylvania, February 0,
1829. His father, Nathaniel Henderson, was a
native of the north of Ireland, and emigrated to
America when a boy, locating in Pennsylvania,
where he married Miss Elizabeth Sloan, who
was also a native of Ireland. They had seven
children, five sons and two daughters, two of
the former and one of the latter still living, the
subject of our sketch being the fifth in order of
birth.

The family removed to Knox county, Oiuo,
in 1831, that State being then a wild and but
slightly settled country. Here the father died
in 1838, leaving his family and many friends to
mourn his loss. The mother survived him
thirty-eight years, expiring in her homo in Mis-
souri, in 1870, aged eighty-two years, greatly
lamented by all who knew her.

The boyhood days of the subject of our sketch
were spent on the Ohio farm, and he attended
the usual pioneer log schoolhouse in the vicinity.
When fifteen years of age he commenced to learn
the blacksmiths' trade, at which be worked for
three years, receiving twelve and a-half cents a
day until he had acquired the trade.

UlSTOUY OF OltKUON.

»0U

lit' tlit'ii (itH'iiod his firwt slio]) in I'lilHfkivillo,
MdI'I'ow c'oiiiitv. < Miio, \vli(!rn, on I'elinmry 17,
1S4S, liu iiiiirrii'il Mirs Hliziilictli Van iiiibkirk,
>in i!«tiir)iil)lt' liitlVi iinil a niitivi; of tliiit county,
wlieri) filie wiis horn Octobor 25. 1829. Slie whh
a tliini;litor ol' William Van l!ii!*kirk, a native of
Maryland, where lie was horn June fi, 1786.
lie married Margaret •!. Evens on Noveinhor
21, 1815. a native of Virjfinia, where Hhe wan horn
SeptLMiher 8, 17'J3, and was reared in Ken-
tiu'ky, near l.e-vington. They had eight chil-
dren, five si)n»an<l three danj^hters, two of whom
survive, Mrn. Henderson and a hrother.

Mr. Van Himkirk had heen a volunteer in the
war of 1812, and had traveled a great deal and
en joyed it, and he experienced a great desire to
visit Oregon, and induced his sons and his sons-
in-law to start with their wives and little ones
for the Willamette valley, of the heanty and
fertility of which niarveloiis reports had heen
spread broadcast throughout the country. Ac-
cordingly, on October 2, 1851, Air. Van iiuskirk
and wife, and their entire family, consisting of
si.K children, two sonsin-law, two daughters-
in-law and eleven grandchildren, twenty-one
p(^rsons in all, started on their long western
journey. They wintered in the Van Buskirk's
settlement, in Andrew county. Missouri, and
April 2'J, 1852. they crossed the Missouri river
at Eli7,al)ethtown, where they were cut off from
civilization, and finally well under way for the
beautiful country for which they were bound.
Moi-I unfortunately for them, however, this was
the year when the cholera was so prevalent, and
they had the sorrow to lose six of their little
company, who were tearfully buried and sorrow-
fidly left on the plains. Mr. and Mrs. Hender-
son lost and buried their only child, the two
others having died in the East. Also, on the
Blue mountains. September 23, 1852. their dear
mother, who had been such a good angel to
them all throughout their weary journey, euc-
cumbed to the dreadful disease, — mountain
fever, and died and was buried in the mountains.
Thus bereaved, this heart broken little company
moved slowly forward, and after si.x months of
weary traveling, sickness, liereavement and
death, arrived on Novemlwr 2, 1852, at LaFay-
ette. They all settled in Yam Hill county,
where, sei^en years later, on October 19, 1859,
the father died in the midst of his family, and
was buried in Amity cemetery. Soon after
their arrival in Oregon, a sister of Mrs. Hen-
derson, who had accompanied them, also died.

The exigencies of a new country left them
little time to tliei • griefs. They wintercMl near
An)ity, and .Mr. Il.Miderson chopped wood and
did whatever else 1 e found to do, to support
himself and family. The following spring
he located at 'irande Uonde, where he pre-
empted a donation claim of 320 acres. On this
he built a log house, and with a little beilding
and the few articles they had brought with them
across the plains, they commenced pioneer life.

He had not lived (here long, when the (iov-
ernrnent wanted the land for an Indian reserva-
tion, so he sold his land to the (lovernrnent, and
purchased cighfy acres near Amity, where he
l)uilt a comfortable house, and jilanfed an or-
chard, and continued to reside for a number of
years.

lie then moved into Amity, where ho built a
residence, which was the second built in the
place, and also erected a blacksmith shon, on
the northwest corner of Block 4, on Trade
street, where he remained in business forayear,
at the end of which time he sold his former
place, and purchased KiO acres in Polk county.
On this he erected a large and substantial house,
good barns, and otherwise improved it, and re-
sided there with his family for eight years.

He then rented his farm and returned to
Amity, where he purchased two acres in the cen-
ter of the town, which is now very valuable
property. In 1871 he sold his Polk (toiinty
farm, and again started blacksmithing in Amity.
About a year afterward he purchased 2(50 acres,
located half a mile west of Amity, to which Le
and his family removed, and v'-ere he made
valuable improvements, and co^ ■ u mI to reside
for twenty-one years.

In 1890 he purchased a third interest in the
mercantile firm of Bridewell & Allison, and was
for a year engaged in running the business,
when he sold his interest to his son, Miles T.,
since when the firm has been Bridewell & Hen-
derson. .Mr. Bridewell being Mr. Heinderson's
son's son-in-law. His son's health having failed,
the son went out on the farm, and his father
has since been managing his interest in the
store.

Mr. and Mrs. Henderson have had nine children,
only three of whom are living, the sixth, seventh
and eighth, in the order of their birth. Primus
tJlysses was born August 20, 1854, and married
Miss Rebecca Putman, of Amity, on March 7,
1883, and has three sons; Sarah E. was born

810

niSTOHY OF OHEGON.

!■!/!
i!'i

OctolierKJ, 1803,1111(1 iimrriod Mr. .loliii II. Uritle-
wull, .Ir., on NovHMiil)nr 10, 18h7, iind Iiuh ttvo
Hiiiis; MiU'M T. WHS Ixirii Aiiiiiir»t II. 1S(!S, and
iniiri'iiMl >[i((H Kniiiui Kutcliiiin, of Amity, '. )ct()-
Ikt 2-2, 1M!»().

Mr. lIiMidtM'aon is h stmicli Kop'iiilican in
politics, iiiid WI18 elected Assensor of his county
in 1884, in which {'iipiicity ho servi.d with ability
Kiid intcfffity-

lie imd his faithful wife arc w.irtliy ineinber«
of tjie Mapti«t (Jiiiircli. to which t!icy iiave ren-
dered valued Hssistancc, lie havnij; been tor
many years a Deacon of that denonii nation.

Thus, after iiiaiiy stiriny experienv-es (jii life's
ocean, they are at last safely aiicho.'ed in the
harbor of pro8|)erity and hap|)iness, where, in
peaceful iiuietude, they are spending tlieir latter
years, enjoying the esteem of their fellow-men,
toward whom their hands have always been
turned in kindness and love, and ac<|uitted at
tiie tribunal of their own con»cieiice8.

'ILLIAM ftEII), capitalist and banker,
of Portland, was born in (ilasifow,
Scotland, November 22, l«-il. Ills
ance.--tors for several generutions were residents
of Forfarshire and the town r)f Dundee. David
Ueid, his father, was conductor on the first rail-
road ever operated in Scotland, and for thirty
years was prominently identified with the rail-
road interests of that country. The education
of our subject bejjan in his native city, at St.
Andrew's I'arisli scdiool, and completed at the
rniveisity of Cilasgow, in 1805. At the latter
institution, after tinishing his literary course,
he studied for the bar, and was admitted in
1887 as an attorney. He began the |irac':ice of
his profession at Dundee, in partnership with
Alexander Douglass, under the firm name of
Held & Douglass. He soon acquired an jxten-
sive practice, and acted as counsel for the
United States for several American claimants
under the Alabama treaty. In 1808 he was
employed by Mrs. Mary Lincoln, widow of the
President, to assist in the preparation of the
lieininiscences of Abraham Lincoln. While
employed on this work he was appointed by
President Grant, United States Consul at Dun-
ilee, and held the ofMce at that post until his
removal to Oregon in 1874. It was during the
period he held this poeition that bis attention
was called to Oregon. From the otticial reports

published in the State, and from intercourse
with Americans, he gaineil nuudi Information
concerning tin,' State, and in lS7ii jircpiired and
pul)li!.lied a pamphlet entitled, ••Oregon and
Washington (Considered as a Kiehl for Labor
and Capital." Thirty thousand copies were cir-
culated, and the intlnence they exerte<l upon the
development of this portion of the IJiiinn is
almost beyond calculation. The attention of
cajiitalists and immigrants was directed toward
this section, and one of the immediate results-
was the formation of the Oregon and Washing-
ton Trust Iiiv(«stinent ('ompany of Scotland,
with a paid up capital of §250,000. The Karl
of Airlie was made president of the company,
and .Mr. lieid its secretary. In 1874 he was
sent to Oregon to organize its busine.ss in this
State, and so highly influenced was he with the
resources of this region that he determineii to
permanently locate here, and became a citizen
of the Uuiteil States.

In 1870 Mr. K(>id, with several Scotch capi-
talists, established at I'ortland the Oregon
and Washington Mortgage Savings Hank, the
first savings bank of deposit in the State;
and this financial institution, with its prede-
cessor, made loans averaging SOi)0,000 a year
until 1881, when they had ^'3,700,000 at inter-
est, and not a dollar had then been lost by bad
debts. In 1870 Mr. Ueid's friends organized
the Dundee Mortgage Company, with a capital
of $500,000. In three years this company had
loaned $750,000 per year, and with it, in 1880,
was consolidated the Oregon and Washingtfjii
Trust Investment ('ompiiny, the united ca|)ital
being increased to $5,000,000. In 1882 ho
established tlie P'irst National Hank of Salem,
and was appointed its president. During the
following year he organized the Oregon Mort-
gaf;,^. Company. The great confidence reposed
in Mr. lieid's sagacity and honesty can be best
realized from the fact that from May, 1874, to
June, 1885, he had made more than 5,000
loans, amounting to $7,597,741, of which $0,-
000,000 consisted of Scotch capital. The losses
incurred in handling this large sum were very
small, and it is doubtful if in the financial his-
tory of this country any equal amount, nsed in
the same way, was ever so judiciously or profit-
ably managed.

In 1881 Mr. Reid organized the Salem Mills
Company, and in 1882 formed a company with
a capital of $200,000, called the City of Salem
Company, which first introduced into Oregon

iiisToiiy OF oii/caoA.

oil

the ^rHdiinl rediictiun HyHtein of iiiilliiig. TliiH
c'.iiiii|)iiiiy t<r('ett'(l hI ISiilem tlio iKrgt'nt l)ri('l<
inillH ill tlit> HtHtu, Imviiig, with tlie iiyili-iiiilic
u»*i' of tlu< 8iiiitiaiii river, iin I'Htiirnited i},(i(l()
liorse-powfr. In iHHi he or^iinizucl anil e^ttili-
liitliud tiie I'ortiund Nutioniil Hank, of wliiidi lie
luiH Ik'L'Ii itB {)rt'Hi<lont tor five yfarr*.

Soon after lii» arrival in I'ortland, Mr. lieid,
in eonnt'ction with (,'iintain A. P. Aiikeny, or-
ganized tho {{oard of I'rade of rortlund, und
was its active secretary for .•>. period of six
jearn. Shortly after the oi'alion of this coin-
inereial hody, he appeared het'ore hotli Iioiihuh of
the Legislature, and stroiif^ly urged the passage
of the tirst Oregon iniiiiigration act, and it was
mainly through his ottorts that the first State
JioanI of Iinniigratioii was created. Of this
hody he was also appointed secretary, holding
the Hctivo position for three years, till 1878.
During this period he wrote several pamphlets
(lescril)ing the resources of Oregon, which were
translated into Fieniish, (Terman, French and
Spanish, many thousands of them being circu-
lated at tlie Paris and I'hiladelphia E.xpositions
of 187(i.

The j)re8ent railroad system of the Pacific
Northwest owes much to Mr. Keid's enterprise
and energy. In 1880 he conceived the idea of
constructing a system of narrow-gauge rail-
roads in western Oregon, with their terminus
at Portland, and was one of the tiist organizers
of the Oregonian Railway (Jompany, of which
the Karl of Airlie was made president, and Mr.
Ueid local president. The construction of this
system met with great opposition from rival
railroad enterprises and the city of Portland.
In the fall of 1880, 118 miles had been coni-
})leted, but when Mr. Ileid proposed to locate
ills terminus on the public levee of Portland,
the citizens made a most vigorous fight against
the project. The fight was taken into the lialls
of the Legisla'ture in the session of 1880, where,
after considerable opposition, a bill was passed
by a two-thirds vote of the Senate and House,
over the (4overnor's veto, entitling Mr. Keid's
company, which at that time was very popular
with the farmers of the Willamette valley as an
opposition road, to permanently occupy the
public levee of Portland for its terminus and
depot grounds. The road was then completed
for a distance of 163 miles, and had its road-
hed graded to a point within eleven miles of
Portland, at a cost of $2,000,000, when its fur-
ther extension to the city was stopped by the

Scotch owners of the enterprise, wlio, despite
Mr. Ueid's opfxisition, leased the road to the
Oregon Uuilway ifc Navigation Company, lor
a guarantee rent of seven per cent, upon its
paid-up stoidx, for a period ot ninety-six years:
whereu])on Mr. lieid withdrew from the man-
agement. In 1884 the Oregon Railway &
Navigation Company repudiated its lease, as
Mr. Ueid had predicted it would, upon the
ground that the Legislature had not authorized
the lease. Much litigation followed, and tiimlly
the court appointed a receiver. In the mean-
time the road hml not been completed, and the
grant of the N'mc by the Legislature had ex-
pired. Uesidr i of the Willamette valley who
would be greally benefited by the completion of
the road, now appealed to Mr. Ueid to again
take hold of the enterprise. At their urgent
sidicitations he again ap))lied to the Legislature
for another grant of the forfeiteil levee, and
undertook to conijilete the roacl from the place
abandoned in 1881, to- Portland. The bill
which was introduced for this purpos(> led to
another severe legislative contest, the City {Coun-
cil of Portland and the Scotch owners of the
former road being bitterly opposed to the
scheme. Notwithstanding their opposition, how-
ever, the grant was passed in Fid>rnary, 1885.
Mr. Ueid had previously incorporated the Port-
land <k Willamette Valley Uailway Company,
and at once commenced the construction of the
road from the uncompleted portion built in
1880 and 1881, and had the entire system
finished to the terminus on the levee in Port-
land in November, 1887. This road, in which
Mr. Ueid has been so largely interested, has
been of immeasurable benefit to the farmers re-
siding in the fertile valley of the Willamette.
Its existence is almost wholly due to liis energy
and persistence, and partly to the investment of
his own capital. He is vice-president of the
road, and its successful operation and its direct
benefit to Portland have vindicated Mr. Ueid's
judgment, and in a great measnre silenced the
opposition it originally encountered.

Mr. Ueid's success in railroad projects caused
the citizens of Astoria, in the spring of 1889,
to solicit his services to finance and build the
Astoria & South Coast Uailway from the mouth
of the Cohimbia at Voung'sbay to the Willam-
ette valley, which the Oregon & California
Uailroad, with a land grant, since forfeit«d,
had failed to accomplish during the precc'ting
eighteen years. Knowing the opposition he

1)1 i

:!12

H/STOnr OF OHEGON.

would eiicoiititer, Mr. lUnd tor three months
declined the task, but after continued pressure
from Astoria, and in person selecting his own
route across the Coast Range, and ascerlaininu;
the location tiiereof, of valnable beds of coal,
iron, stone, cedar and tir timber, he. in July,
1889, undertook the responsibility of financing
for and building that road, and became the
president of tlie company. In .Inly, 1890, he
had fifteen miles of the track laid and twelve
more miles.graded, and proceeded to New Y'ork
where he obtained propositions from railroad
ean'^.^lisis to supjily the necessary capital to
complete the construction of the 100 miles (in-
cluding); the Seaside branch) from Astoria to the
.-.tjuthern Pacific Company's lines in western
< •regon. and turn the road over, when con-
•tructed, to such New York capitalists, in con-
junction with himself.

So much for a bare and inadequate outline of
the career of Mr. Keid. it leaves untold many,
very many, of the directions in which his
aggressive energies have found cutlet; it gives
only a few salient facts in a life crowded with
events and crowned with rare success. Knoigh
has been told to prove that he is a man of in-
domital>le will and perseverance, and a sagacious
financier. His enterprise is proverbial, and in
the rapid development which has been going on
in Oregon during the last fifteen years no one
has contril)Uted more to the general prosperity.
The large interests intrusted to him bespeak the
confidence in which lie is held, not only as a
man of integrity and honor, but as one whose
judgmcmt can lie relied upon. He is a man of
remiirkable energy, and his capacity for work
seems almost uidimited. Always active, ever
on the move and apparently never tired, it is a
wontler to his friends when ho finds time for
needed rest. His main power seems to lie in
the uncimquerable spirit of perseverance with
which his plans are pursued. If one path to a
desiivd end is closed, ho seeks another, but the
object on which he has fixed his eye is never
aha. ^ 'lU'il. He extracts pleasure out of work,
and appears most happy when organizing the
business details of some groat enterprise, really
enjoying the task for its very complexity. Such,
in brief, are a few of the striking characteristics
of this versatile man. who in a coinjiaratively
few years has become such a power in the in-
dustrial progress of the Pacific Northwest.
With his ripe experience and robust physical
force it is not too much to exjject that the fruit

of his labors in the years to come will add still
greater benefits to the State and country of his
adoption than have been realized in the past.

Mr. Reid was married in I)ecend)er, 1867,
to Agnes, daughter of Alexander Dunbar, of
Nairn, Scotland. They have had five children,
of whom two are sons born in Scotland, now
twenty and eighteen years old, and three daugh-
ters born in Portland.

fAPTAIN SEliASTlAN E. MILLER, a
widely known and esteemed Oregon pioneer
of 1852, and a life-long steamboat captain,
now retired and living in comfort in a beauti-
ful home at (Janemah, situated on the banks of
•^he Willamette river, on whose waters he has
spent 80 many active years of his life, was born
in Ohio, April 15, 1828.

His parents were David and Sarah E. (Fonts)
Miller, the former a native of Kentucky and
the latter a Virginian by birth. They had ten
children, five still surviving, three sons and two
danghters.

The subject of our sketch was the third child,
and was raised in Ohio, and when grown, be-
came a steamboat engineer on the Mississippi
river, where he remained until 1852, when he
crossed the plains to Oregon. On his arrival
at Oregon City, he accepted the position of en-
gineer on the Caneinah. one of the first little
steamers that plied on the Willamette river.
After seven years constant service as an engi-
neer, he was given command of the lioats which
ran between Oregon City and (Jorvallis. the
distance being later extended to include Port-
land and Astoria. One of these boats was the
Willamette. Hy long years of experience on
the rivers of the Northwest, the Captain became
one of the best informed, most fearless and re-
liable steamboat men in Orci^on. This was ex-
emplitied in the daring feat which he per-
formed with the steamer Shoshone, which he
brought from Boise (Jity down tht; Snake river,
jumping, witn her, all the falls, and landing
her safely at Portland. The same year, he
brought two steamers down from Thompson
river to Pondrey lake, on which trip he jumped
several hazardous falls, and brought them
through in safety. The boats were built at a
cost of |)robably near SJIOO.OOO each, and were
perfectly useless where they were, but could l)c
very advantageously used if brought down.

\'':

HISTOnr OF OREGON.

:tl!i

Aceunlini,'ly, he was offered §5 a day for liis
time, if ho would try hriugiiifj; fiieii: down, and
he was to have Sl.OOO for ..lie Siioshoiie and a
pruitortionate amount for tlie otliers, if he were
successfiil in the undertaking. He had tiie
courHi^e to undertaivo the perilous enterprise,
and tlie ability to succeed.

The Captain was married in February, 1853 to
^liss Sarah Elizabeth i'ower,anative ofVirginia.
and a daughter of .losiah Power, an honored
early settler of Oiiio. Tl. / had two children,
Clara and Melissa . I aiie. Th(! former died of
scarlet fever in her third vear. The latter is
now the wife of Mr. Georije Bolton, and resides
in Kast Portland.

The Captain has been a Republican in poli-
tics, and takes a deep intert^t in the welfare of
his State and the country.

lie ami his worthy wife, who has been his
faithful companion for thirty-nine years, erected
their home in Caneinah twenty-five years ago.
This is on a slifrbt elevati >n, which commands
a good view of the river mid surrounding coun-
try. The house is surrounded with a fine or-
chard, which producers a'.undance of the finest
fruit. Although, they have a most charming
retreat from the cares i,i life, in which to spend
their decling years, all of which has been pro-
vided by the uninterrupted toil and economy of
their younger days. Hoth the (^i|)tain and his
wife are robust and apparently enjoying the
best of health, while they both overflow with
g(M)d humor. Their uprightness of character
and unifoi'in kindness have jrained for them the
universal er^teem of their fellow-men, while the
tribunals of their own consciences acquit them
of any unkind motive or evil intention.

^KNRY NACIIAM), a highly respected
pioneer of Clackamas county, Oregon,
^/ now a prosperous citizen of Park I'lace,
was horn in Peoria. Illinois, November 7, 1842.
His father, John Nacliand, was boi'ii in Bava-
ria, (ierinany, in 1811, ami grew to manhood in
his native country. In lS,3t), he emigrated to
New York, and resided variously in Oliio, New
Orleans and Indiana, working at the wagon-
maker's and carpenter trade. In 1837, he mar-
ried Miss Catharine Sliafcr, a native of Alsace,
(Terinany, to whom, in Illinois, W(>re born one
child, the subject of this sketch. In thespring
of 1847, the father, with his wife and little sou.

the latter in his fifth year, started across the
plains to Oregon. They traveled in a covered
wagon, with three yoke of o.xeii and one yoke
of cows, the latter of which wore utilized in the
double capacity of a team and to provide noiir-
islimont for the family. They came with a
largo company, and, aside from being annoyed
by the Indians, who tried to steal their cattle,
they had a safe journey. Arrivintr at their
destination, in November, the fa'' , settled on
a portion of the straight doiiatiou cldi'n, located
on the banks of the Willamette ri .-t.i-, a mile
and a half below Oregon City. On this l,e
built a log cabin, and commenced to work at
his trade. As time passed, and his means al-
lowed, he added to his land, and engaged in
the production of vegetables of all kinds, later,
adiling the production of fruit to his other en-
terprises, for all of which he found a read}' and
remunerative market in Portland aii<l Oregon
City and in San Francisco. In 184y the gold
excitement took them by land to C'alifornia,
where he worked in the mines for a short time,
and in 1850. he was at work at his trade in
that State, at Sacramento, when the great flood
of that year drove them out of that city into
the country. On September 9, 1849, in Sacra-
mento, their daughter Mary was born, who is
now the wife of Mr. Theodore Himmler, and
resides on her father's old homesiead, which is
a beautiful place, surrounded with the large
and productive fruit trees, which were planted
by the industrious pioneer of 1847. In 1852,
the family retiiriUMl by sea to Oregon, where
the father resumedJiis former occupation, be-
ing greatly pr -pered in his undertaking, and
acciimulat'iir an ample fortune for himself and
family. Ii July, 1885, this truly good man
died, aged seventy-five years. He was ex-
tremely popular with his neighbors and with
all who knew him. because of his (piiet. indus-
trious and kindly ways, and his death was uni-
versally lamented. His worthy wife survived
him but two years, as if, after a companionship
of so many years, she couhl not survive his
loss. She expii-ed in August, 1887, in her
eightieth year, sincerely mourned by her family
and friends, to whom she had (Mideared herself
by the practice of all (christian virtues, height-
ened by the natural expression of a loving
heart.

Their son Henry, the subject of our sketch,
was raised on their fruit ^arm, and attended
the Oregon City eciiools, and, sine; uttaining

^^^

814

HISTORY OP ORKOON.

i ■ w.

! I

manhood, has iiiiule t'niit culture his business.

Oil Deceinlter 1, 1871, he was married to
Mrs. Lucinda Catidel, a iii<rlil,y estiiiialile lady,
and tlie widow of Mr. Frank Candel. Her
maiden name was I'erkins. Tliey had three
children; Henry Hdward, Ralph VV., and May
Isaliell. Their happy married life, however,
was destined to he of short duration, for on
July -4, 1880, the yoniii; mother and her six-
teeii-nionths-old hahy dauj^hter lioth died, leav-
ing the husliand and father truly bereft. He
has since devote<l his life to his surviving
children, who, by their natural intelligence and
activity, bid fair to reflect credit on their father
and their State.

He is a Democrat in his political views, and
takes an interest in the affairs of his county
and State. He has served on the Schoo' I'oard
in his native town. discharu;ing his duties in
that capacity with ability and integrity.

His whole life has been spent in Oregon,
and he is thoroughly wedded to her cause, his
faith in her marvelous develo|)ment and future
great destiny being most implicit, which prog-
nostications she bids fair to amply realize.

E. V, O H A N N O X, a prominent ami
prosperous farmer, residing near (\)r-
I* vallis, was born in Clark county, Ken-
tucky, September 8, 1831. Ho is the second
child in a family of eleven children born to
Charles and Vashti (Kdwards) BohaMnon. The
family removed to Missouri, in 1838, first locat-
ing in .Johnson county, and a few years later
removed to I'ettis county, same State, where
our subject was reared and educated. He was
reared to farm life and has always followed that
occii|)ati()n.

In 1852 our subject, who had resided in Nlis-
souri until that time crossed the plains to Ore
goii, locating in Henton county, where he has
resided for forty years upon the farm he now
occupies. His presenthome is located tivemiles
southwest of tile city of Corvallis, and consists
of 312 acres of land, about one half of which is
in a tine state of cultivation, grain being the
principal product. The other half is devoted to
grazing and pasture.

Mr. I'ohannon was married, in I'enton county,
in April lit. 18(i(), to Miss Mahalah Newton, a
native of I<jwa, whose parents came to Oregon

in 1848. These two are the parents of five
chiliiren, namely: Theodore, Clara, Laura, Uu-
fus and Charles. Mr. Uohannon is a stanch ad-
vocate of the educational system and has always
taken an active interest in school matters, being
a member of the School iSoanl for several years.
He is a man of honorable and upright principles
and one who has the respect and esteem of the
entire community.

^^^^®»^§^«-0•*-

[UNEST HICKS, proprietor of the Ashland
Soda Works, was born at Enterprise, In-
diana, February 1<), 18()2, a son of John
M. and Louisa (J. (Trunper) Hicks, luitives of
Ohio, and of (ierman descent. Their ancestors
came to America before the Revolutionary war.
The mother died in 188'?, and the father now
resides in Ashland, Oregon. The family in 1870,
moved to Fernandina, Florida, and two years
later to St. Paul, Minnesota.

Ernest Hicks attended the ])ublic schools of
that city for a time, ai.d then ent('red Hamlin
University, where he completed his studies in
1882. In that year he found employment as a
clerk, ami also worked at the painter's trade. In
1883 ho came to Eugene, Oregon, where he was
engaged in the same occupations, until 1888, and
in that year permanently located at Ashhind.
Mr. Hicks purcha^^ed the Ashland Soda Works
of Parkinson iV Walker, in August, 181)1, and
since that time has manufactured all the tem-
perance drinks usually prepared in works of that
character, such as lemon soda, sarsapurilla, gin-
ger ale, orange, iron, etc. In addition to this,
he makes a specialty and has a large sale for the
famous Siskiyou Xatnral Mineral Water, having
secured theexclusive right to use the water from
the springs, which are located in the mountains,
about ten miles south of .\8liland. The analyti-
cal contents of one gallon is as follows: alumina,
!),2()4 jrrains; boracic a(Md,!l,17r); calcium carbon •
ate. 21.1281; sodium chloride, 30.(')80o; carbon-
ate of iron, 2.5517; silicic acid, 3.y4()l; titanic
acid, 1.5443; carbomite magnesia, 78.8788; and
bicarbonate soda, 24.084. Total amount of car-
bonic acid gas free atu] combined eijual, 58.4788
grains per gallon. The works are hicated near
the railroad depot, from which Mr. Hicks s;ip-
|)linB the trade as far north as Portland, anil south
to llornbrook, {California, also furnishing the
local trade including Rooeburg, (irant's Pass

HfSroRT OF OHEOON.

315

and ether surrounding towns. His trade is good
at all times, bnt it inci'eusea as flie teason be-
comes warmer. In addition to these interests
Mr. Hicks is eii^iiged in triiit cnlture, owning a
small orchard near the city, which consists prin-
cipally ot peach trees. The orchard is four years
old, the trees are all in a liealthy condition and
. gives good returns, and he sells to the local
trade and also ships to Portland.

Our subject was inari-ied at Jacksonville, Oc-
tober 25, 1888. to Miss Eliza Severn, a native
of Oregon. They have one child, Howard M.

iyt"

>PniA LUCINDA DIMIOK. the able
assistant principal of the Purk School,
Portland, Oregon, a highly ed\icated lady
and a superior instructor, wtis born in De Kalb,
Illiiio s.

The family is originally of English ancestry,
Init for many generations have been residents of
the United States. Her grandfather, Solomon
Diniick, was a pioneer of <)liio, when her father
M. H. Dimick, was an infant, and where he
afterward married Miss Eleanor Ennis, also a
native of New York, whose people also came to
that country in an early day.

After their marriage, the young couple moved
to Illinois, which was then a fnintier State.
From there they removed to Oregon, in 18(52,
lirst locating in Salem and in 1868 coming to
Portland, wliere they now reside. Mr. Dimick
is a veterinary surgeon, and has been engaged
in the livery busines-s.

The subject of this sketch was educated in
Oregon, lirst at Salem and later in Portland,
where she graduated, at St. Mary's Academy, in
187i3, and iti May of the following year com-
menced teaching. Since then she has the re-
nuirkalile record of having taught continuously
for eighteen years, during which time she has
lost but two school iuo!iths, in which particular
she iiutranks all the other teachers except Sui)er-
intendent I. W. Pratt, whose '■ 'inection with
the school dates prior to her ov .

The Portland schools require that a teacher
shall have some previous exjierience in instruct-
ing before he or she can be eligible to a posi-
tion in her e.\cellent schools; hence Miss Dim-
ick first taught for three months in a country
district, ten miles east of J\)rtlaiid. She then
began at the foot of the education ladder, by

teaching the infant class in the Harrison street
school, where she remained for a year. She was
then deservedly promoted each succeeding year
for six years, when she taught the grammar de-
partment in the old Central school. In 1885,
she came to the Park School, wliere she has
since taught, having held the position of as-
sistant principal for the last five years. She
has made school work and educational nnittera
her life study, and has been very successful.
She takes ati active part in school institute
work, both in the country and State, and every-
where does what she can to advance the inter-
ests and increase the power of the public schools
of Oregon.

The school board of Portland are to be con-
gratulated on the highly educated, talented and
experienced force of teachers they have placed
in charge of their public schools, among whom
the subject of this sketch ranks high, and de-
servedly enjoys tl: contidence and esteem of
all. Of superior education, rare natural ability,
great energy and of a progressive disposition,
she is higli' competont to till any eiliicational
position i • State.

Miss Diuii- k has been President of St,
Mary's Alumnae AHsociati^n sinci' its organiza-
tion in 1884. In religioii views she is liberal,
as becomes an American of <idarge<l experience
and broad education, and is , worthy meiioer
of the First Unitarian Church of i'ortland.

So many walks of life are douiinated by poli-
tics and the sterner sex that it is with iileasure
we note the example set by the beauiifiil me-
tropolis of the magnificent commciM'altli of
Oregon, which delights to reward merit, where-
ever found.

^AURISON P. OATMAN, one of Oregon's
M\ resjiected pioneers, came to the State in
^ 1853. lie was born in Cortland, Xew
York, February 2(3, 1820. His parents, Harry
B. and Matilda (Knapp) Oatinan, removed to
Ohio, where the subject of this sketch was raised
until his twelfth year. He then went to Rock-
ford and was married there to iiUcinda K. Ross,
in 1847. She was a native of Orleans county.
New York, and the daughter of Nathan K. and
Lucy (Brainan) Ross. When Mr. and Mrs. Oat-
man came to Oregon they settled first in .fack-
son county, on a donation claim. Their house

31(1

HISTORY OF ORKGON.

was contrived out of tlie wacjoii cover with which
they had crossed tiio plains, and it was in tliese
wilds that tiiey lived. Their nearest neighhor
wasovera mile ott'. When the Kogiie river Indian
war br(il<eoiit, Mr. Oatniaii enlisted in Company
1, First Oregon Infantry, and was stationed at
Fort Klamath. He was .Made Fir.,t Lieuteinint
at the close of the war and was mustered out.
After he had spent several years at the mines he
located a mile soiitli of I'litjenix, in Jackson
county. He took out considerahle gold from
what was called the Forty-ninth claim. In the
fall of 1807 lie sold it and came to Fori'andand
engaged in the retail grocery trade, on tlio cor-
ner of First and Main streets. After live suo-
cessful years of business he sold out and em-
barked in the real estate business on his own
account. The constant increase in the value of
land in Portland and vicinity crowned his ef-
forts with success and resul' 'd in his anias ing
a large amount of properly. He purchased a
farm three and one-iialf miles southeast of the
center of the city of Portland atid built a house
u]H>n it in 1877. He cleared up the land and
one of the railroads runs through the property.
He has enlarged and rebuilt the residence, and
now have a beautiful home and tlu'land is valued
at ,*! 1,500 an acre. Seventeen \ -s ago it cost
S'20 an acre. Mr. Oatman has a large amount
of city property.

They have four childrcii: .lames Harvey, inar-
rieil to Friscilla Dollarhide, of Iowa, and have
six children. The other children are, Charles,
John It, and Lucena, now the wife of (!. W.
Kern.

Mr. Oatman is a member of the (i. A. li. and
of the Masonic fraternity. In [Kilitics he is a
Re{)ublican. At the time of writing this article
Mr. Oatman was in poor health ami most of the
nniterial for the article was given by his sou
James Harvey. Mr. Oatman is a good man. a
worthy pioneer, and his nniny friends wisli him
a speedy recovery.

^LONZO PHILANDER MEAD, one of the

investors in ami builders of that beautiful
portion of Portland, known as Mount Ta-
bor, is a native of Hickville, Oakland county,
Michigan, born on July Ki, 18;J8. when thegreat
State ol Michigan had just been admitteil into
the Union. He is the son of Jabus Mead of
New York. Their family origimited in Wales,

but settled in America previous to the Revolu-
tion. Mr. Jabus Mead married Caroline Curtis,
whose people came from England and were early
settlers of New ^'ork. They hail nine chiloren
of whom five are still living. Our subject was
twelve years of age when his parents removed to
Saginaw, Michigan, where he was educated. He
was then engaged in milling. He removed to
Cleveland. Ohio, and was in the lumber and
planing mill business for three years. From
there he went to Hulfalo, .\ew York, and was
engaged there with a large Hrm. Here he built
two large planing mills, one on Ganson street in
company with W. R. Hurt, of East Saginaw, and
one on the Tefft farm. The latter tirm was the
liuffalo Planing Mill Company. This mill cost
!J50,000. Mr. Mead spent thirty-seven years of
his lile in the business and met with satisfiictory
success. l}(H',ause of his wife's health he came to
Portland and purchased lainl at Sunnyside and
Mount Tabor, where he has interested himself in
the improvement of this part of the city. He has
built a Hue residence, several buildings for rent,
both stores and other houses, and he and his wife
are taking a deep interost in the up-building of
religious institutions in this region. In 1861
he was niarrieil to Miss Amelia Johnson, of
Canada, daughter of Squire Moses .lohnson, a
descendant of SaiiHud Johnson of England, our
great historian. Ihey have had two adopted
daughters, both xww dead. One they raised to
maturity and she married, but lately died, which
has been a groat grief to Mr. and ^[r.s. .Mead.
They are members of the First IJuptist Church
of Portland. Oregon, and have been lite-long
Re|)ubl leans. They are excellent people and
are doing nnndi good.

IlilpIl.LIAM J. PATTERSON, one of the
' \jX\\ leading citizens of Raker City, was born
■— ;;,Tri in Manorville, Pennsylva?iia, June 5.
18(50. and is the oldest son of William M. aim
S. Emiline Patterson. The father was born in
the same county. September 15. 183S. and was
married to .Miss Emiline Staley in 1858, who
was born, .lanmiry 22. 1841. Four children
Were born to them, namely: Roberts., (Miarles
H., William .1. ami (-Jeorge H., the latter of
whom is now in I'ittsburg. Pennsylvania, en-
gaged in the manufacture of wago?is, following
the occupation of his father before him.

I ;

HISTORY OP OREOON.

317

When our subject was thirteen and one-half
years of age he went to I'ittshiirg to learn
I'resco paintiiiif. After servinir an apprentice-
iiiip of tive years lie went to New Orleans and
started a paint and wall-pipur store, which he
carried on for eighteen months. He then
traveled back to Pittsburg, next to New l)r-
leane, and then on to California, iiaving iniliibed
the California fever, first disposing of his prop-
erty in New Orleans. In 18S3 he landed in San
Francisco where he secured ,'i position as a clerk
in a wall-paper and paint store, in which he re-
mained for two years. In 1885 he came to
Baker City, Oregon, and started a paper and
paint store. In about si.\ months he went into
the undertaking and furniture business, in
partnership witli Uichanl Woods, under the
tiriri name of I'atterson, Woods & Company.
This Krm is doing a very large and prosper(ui8
business of from !?35,00() to sgiO.OUO per year.
Although Mr. I'atterson is yet a young man he
lias shown his business, ability in a marked de-
gree, lie is a practical undertaker and eiubalmer,
liavinggrailuated in St. Louis School of Embalin-
inif in 1890. In spite of the difficulties he en-
countered in starting in his new western home he
finally has come out conqueror. He owns his own
residence, and the firm own their business house
on Main street, 30x100 feet, in which they
carry a large stock of furniture and undertak-
ing goods and are considered one of the leading
firms of the city. April 28, 1892, the firm of
Patterson, Woods & Co. dissolved partnership,
Air. Woods retiring, and the firm changed to
Patterson & Company, with W. J. Patterson
and I''. W. Eppinger as partners.

Mr. Patterson married Miss Clara Eppinger
on January 17. 1889. Mrs. Patterson was born
at Dallas, Oregon, May 10, 1806. Her father,
John Eppinger, and mother, Mrs. Charlotte Ep

f linger, were natives of Germany. Mr. and Mrs.
'atterson have a son, J. William, Jr., burn May
10, 1890. They are members of the Episcopal
Church and Mr. Patterson is an active inemi)er
of the order I. O. O. F., having been connected
witii Lodge No. 25, Baker City,f'or over ten years.
Mr. Patterson was elected Coroner of the county
and is now completing his first term. He is a
live, rustling business man and is always among
the first in enterprise to push the city into
prominence in Maker county. Mr. Patterson is
very popular, and richly deserves the prosperity
that he novv enjoys.

i.^iy7/^/"

-'^/r/iy^^

APTAIN (JEOUGE W. TAYLOR, Cap-

tain of the steamer Salem, and a jiioneer
of Oregon, long connected with the navi-
gation of the Willamette and (Columbia rivers,
is a native of Missouri, born March 5, 1831.
His father, William Taylor, was a native of
Fleming county, Kentucky, and his people were
early settlers of that State. He married Mary
Turnwalt, of Missouri. Her father was a native
of Georgia, and her mother of Kentucky. They
raised tour of their sons to manhood, and three
are now living; two reside in Iowa. The (,'ap-
tain was taken to Iowa when a child, and from
there to Van Uiiren county, Illinois, and there
he was raised on a farm and attended school
during the three winter months. In 1852,
when twenty-one years of age, he started on the
perilous journey across the plains with ox teams.
There was a company of thirty wagons, and their
journey was full of incidents common to a 2,000-
mile drive with oxen. Four of the company
died with cholera, and the Indians gave them
some trouble by trying to steal the cattle, but
they succeeded in getting through, and they ar-
rived at Portland in October. He worked at
saw-milling at Oregon City, and farming and
mining, trying all the ways the pioneers had of
getting a living and making money. Later he
teamed between the Dalles and Clearwater.
In 1802 he came to Portland and purchased the
steamer St. Claire. She was above the Oregon
City falls, anil he took the risk of having her
run over the falls at high water. The little
steamer made the run in safety, with none but
her captain and engineer on board. He then
ran her on the Willamette and Columbia, car-
rying freight and lumber. In 1861 he ran the
E. D. Baker from Portland to the Cascades. In
the spring of 1865 he went to the Burnt river
mines and engaged in placer mining with only
moderate success. In the spring of 1800 he
engaged in the d raying business at Portland,
and he followed this business successfully for
six years. In 1872 he jiurchased the C!omino-
dore Perry, a propeller, and used her for towing
from Astoria to Portland, and to the Cascades.
He used this boat for six years and wore her
out. This business was a very paying one. He
then built the tug Oswego. He also had barges
built and did (juite a large business. Captain
Taylor still owns the boat, and in 18S9 purchased
the steamer Salem, and is running her during
towing service.

In 1851 (yaptain Taylor was married to Mary

:•:. i

iUH

HTSTORT OF OREGON.

Wlietftoiie, of Oliio, and they croBBed tlm plains
to Ori'i^on tiiijetlier. Tlicy reared five cliildrun,
nnil tlii'v are all mnrrit'd and ief<i(li' in I'ortlanil.
Tlic nanit's are: William W^. Mrs. Mary Knen,
^Irsi. Elizabeth Kernan. Mrg. (ieorgiana Thoin|)-
Bon and Tarplcy Early. In lS85 he was mar-
ried to Mrs. Mary .lane Riley. Captain Taylor
pni'clias-ed tieveral years ajjo a half block of land
on the corner of Alder and Tentli streets. It
was then out of town, now it is in tiie heart of
the city. He has bnilt five houses upon it and
resides in one of them. It is a very comforta-
ble home, No. 235 Alder street, lie also has
other lioiises on Alder and Luwns.lale streets,
and real estate in other parts of the State. The
Captain is a life- long Democrat, but he lias
nev(!r sought or accepted offices. He is a jjeiiial,
])1easant man, and lias many friends among
the pioneers of Oregon, by whom he hatv been
known for forty years.

-^^

fQUIRE S. WHITMAN, an honored Ore-
gon pioneer of 1860, ii(M\ (lei'euM'il, was
born in Hart county, Kentucky, May 1.
1818. His ancestry was English, his grand-
father, Thomas Whitman, having been born in
London, England, and came to America, where
he settled in Kentucky. He married Christina
Brunk, and a son, Christopher, was born to them
in Kentucky, and afterward became the father
of our subject. His father married Miss Mar-
tha Lucas, a native of Hart county, Kentucky,
and seven children were born to them, of wlioni
our subject was the second.

Scpiire Whitman was reared in Hart county
until thirteen, when the family removed to Illi-
nois and settled in Macon county, and here the
fatlier dieil, in 1831. The mother, however,
lived to be ninety-two years of age, and died in
Warren county, at the iioinc of her youngest
son, .John Whitman.

Mr. Whitman, our subject, was married Feb-
ruary 20. 1838, to Miss Elizabeth Davidson, a
native of Barren county, Kentucky, born May
29, 1823, daughter of Elijali and Margaret
(Miir|)hy) Davidson. Mr. and Mrs. Whitman
remained in Illinois until the birth of their
fifth child, when they crossed the plains to Ore-
gon, in 1850. They started with ox teams
early in March and stopped at the Missouri
river to wait until the grass began to grow.

The journey was a favorable one, and they
crossed the Cascades, August 30, making wdiat
was considered one of the ([uickest trips with
oxen. The entire jiarty, consisting of Mr. and
Mrs. Whitman and family, Mr. Tliomas i.ncas
and family, Mr. Elijah Davidson, !Sr., and
family, Elijah Davidson, Jr., and family, Mr.
Cohhorn and family, Elijah Uutler and family,
and four wagon loads of men bound for the
mines, kept well and met with good luck.

On the last day of Noveml)er Mr. and Mrs.
Whitman located on a donation claim of t)40
acres, situated on the present site of Monmouth.
The State Normal School occupies a [Ktrtion of
the land, as Mr. Whitman contributed 2(R) acres
to aid in founding that institution. Inaddition
to his generous contribution to the Normal Col-
lege, Mr. Whitman was largely instrumental in
the founding of the Christian College, in which
he took a great interest, as he an<l his wife were
members of the church of that name. So use-
ful did Mr. Whitman become in this work that
he was made one of the first Trustees, and all
his life took a deep interest in all the fortunes
of that nndertuking.

Mr. Whiti. II built tlie little log cabin of the
pioneer on his land. He had very little of this
world's goods to place within its doors, l)ut ho
and his faithful wife labored and toiled, working
with what they had, and reared their family to
maturity on the farm, and here the revered
widow resides. In addition to his occupation
as a farmer, Mr. Whitman was a blacksniitli, and
carried on his vocation in a little shop of his
own building. This was the first smithy in the
county, and here Mr. Whitman made tlie plows
and other agricidtural implements required by
the farmers in his portion of the county. In
this way Mr. Whitman contributed largely to
the growth and development of his county.

The death of our subject occurred May 22,
1892, when he was seventy-four years of nge.
The immediate cause of his decease was heart
failure. Mr, Whitman was an upright man, a
good neighbor, and a devoted husband anil father.
He platted and sold a portion of his original
claim, leaving about 200 acres to his widow.

In addition to the five children born in Illi-
nois, four were added to the family after reach-
ing Ofcgon. The following is a brief account
f)f the family: The oldest child, Mary A., mar-
ried Mr. John H. Murphy, who died, and she
thou mairied Mr. (/liarles Wood, reared a family
of five children, and died February 2, 1870;

UISTOlir OF OREGON.

;ii!)

Joliii, the next child, iliefl in iiis forty-fonrtii
year; William A., resides in eastern Oregon;
Martiia J. became the wife of Mr. James Mur-

ijiiy, and resides in the State of Washington;
Harj;aret, married Mr. Niciiulas (Jlark and re-
sides in (jalifomia; Ilezokiah D., the first child
born ill Oregon, now resides in eastern Ore;5on;
Cliristopher (J., died in his thirty-second year,
was married and left a widow and one cliild;
llulda A., now resides in Monmouth, and Eli-
jah A., resides in Washington. In addition to
roaring these children, Mr. Wiiitmaii, our sub-
ject, reared those of his oldest dauj^hter.

Mrs. Whitman was one of the worthy, kind-
hearted and benevolent pioneers of Oregon, and
for many years gave valuable aid to the early
settlers by administering to their wants and
caring for them when they were sick. For these
many acts of kindness she is greatly beloved.
Although quite advanced in years, Mrs. Whit-
man retains her faculties, and is a good repre-
sentative of the brave women who crossed the
plains in 1850.

)RS. ELIZABETH ELLIOTT, proprie-
tress of one of the most beautiful and
productive farms of Renton county,
near (Jorvallis, is a lady of culture and retine-
tnent and superior executive ability. She is one
of the few living pioneer ladies who came to the
Willamette valley when the population was
largely of the native Indians, few whites hav-^
ing penetrated to that place at that time. She is
one of the few ladies who, can justly claim the
proud distinction of witnessing the marvelous
growth and development of this, one of the most
liistin-ical sections of the Pacific coast.

Mrs. Elliott, whose maiden name was Ste-

Chens. was born in Indiana, and removed with
er parents, when a child, to Hancock county,
Illinois. Two years later her parents crossed
the plains to Oregon, first locating in Clacka-
mas county, in 1845, and afterward removing
to Portland.

■ The subject of this sketch was reared to
womanhood in Washington county, and was
married in Pacific county, Washington, in 1852,
to William II. Elliott — the first white couple
in that county. Mr. Elliott was a native of
Maryland and came to Oregon in 1849. He was
I brick mason, but after his marriage, turned

his attention to farming, which he followed
until his death, on Octolier 2(5, 1881.

Mr. and Mrs. Elliott had six children: Will-
iam E., Marian U., Elda J., Frederick F.,
Ernest, and Nat II.

Mrs. Elliott's farm is localed about four miles
north of (/orvallis, and consists of 920 acres,
forty-six of which is pasture and grazing land,
the balance being devoted to general farming
and stock-raising, besides four acres of orchard,
of a variety of fniit-bearing trees. Hesides this
valuable property, Mrs. Elliott owns a numlier
of desirable lots in Oorvallis. Her sons assist
her in conducting the farm, but the neat and
comfortable appointments of the house are due
entirely to her careful skill, being eminently a
home of refinement and culture.

-sS«<

»'•*='

A. OATIIEY, M. I)., one of the leading
ID) practitioners of Woodburn, was born in
* Powell valley, Multnomah county. Ore-
gon, in February, 1854. His parents, William
Ct. and Therza J. (Cornutt) Cathey, were na-
tives of the State of Missouri; they wore mar-
ried in the spring of 1853, and shortly after
set out upon that long journey across the
plains. Traveling with ox teams the progress
was necessarily slow, but with the exception of
some sickness in the company was accoin|)lished
with safety. They came by way of the Dalles
where the oxen gave out, so the trip was com-
pleted by boat down the Columbia river. After
a few months passed on Columbia slough they
proceeded to Powell valley, and there purchased
a donation claim of 820 acres. Mr. Cathey en-
gaged in agricultural pursuits, and is still a
resident on this farm.

There were eleven children in the family,
the Doctor being the eldest. He was educated
in the piitilic schools of Portland and at Albany
CoUegiatp Institute. His parents being poor,
he was compelled to educate himself, which he
did by teaching vocal music and public schools.
In 1875 he began teaching in the public schools
of Wasliinirton countv, and was afterward en-
gaged in the same profession in Brownsville,
Linn county. In the fall of 1877 he again en-
•tered the Albany Ins.itute as a student, re-
maining a yc^ar. He resumed teaching at
Ilalsey, and later was at Roseburg where he
was principal of the public school for three

H2(t

HISTORY OP OREOON.

yi'ms. Ill tliiM position he did very erticieot
work, and i-anie to be recognized a;* one of tiie
most sn('(!es;-fiil edueators in tiie iState. He lie-
gnii i-eadinir niedicine witli Dr. ('. II. Merrick,
of C'arryonville, and eontiniied his studies with
Dr. K. M. Davii;, of lIosel)nri;; in coiine(!tion
with his work at; a student lie eondneted tlio
])itl)lie, sclioo! of llosehnra with nnirked ability
until 1884. He then went to Carryonvijle to
teach, but an epideniie of dipiitiierin |)revHiiing,
liis service as a jiiiysieian hecaine much more
necessary than as a teaciier; lie was very fortu-
nate in his treatment of this flreaded disease,
and v.'jd u reputation which insured his future;
he continued in |>ractice until the tail of 1888.
when he entered the medical department oi
Willamette University, and received the degree
of M. I), from this institution in the .spring of
1890. In July followinj^ he located at Wood-
burn where he has built up an extended prac-
tice; he is a close student of the science of
medicine, and is a remarkably skilled prac-
titioner.

Dr. Catliey was married at I'rownsville in
1870, to Miss L. Elizalieth McFeron, a native
of Missouri, and of this union four children
liave Ix'eii l)orn: Cecil Calvin. George Andrew,
Collins Flint and Alice Marie. The Doctor is
a member of the Masonic order, and is a local
preacher in the Methwlist Episeopal Church.

f(Ji)GE NORLE W. RANDALL, deceased,
an eminent jurist and honored Oregon pio-
neer of 1852, was born in Ohio, February
10". 1S25, ami died .May 30. 181>0.

His grand fathi-r was a distinguished surgeon
in the Revolutionary war, and sealed with his
life his devotion to his country. The Judge's
father, Elias Randall, marrie<i Mindwell (corn-
ing. She was a minister's daughter, and traced
lier titieage to Samuel Corning, of New England,
who was admitted a freeman in 1641, and who
was one of the founders of the Congregational
Church in Beverly, Massachusetts. Samuel
Corning, the only son of this celebrated church-
man, was liorn in 1()41, and died May 11, 1714.
He married liaimah Hntchelder, and their son,
Samuel, was born .lune 1, 1070. His son, Ben-
jamin, was born in 1701, whose son, .lohn, watf
born in 1729, and his son, Warren, was born
in 1771. II is daughter, Mindwell Corning, mar-
ried Elias Randall.

Their son, the subject of this sketch, was
reartMl and educated in his native State, and mar-
ried Susana Taylor, a native of Kentucky. Soon
afl(!r their marriage, in 1852, they started on
the long jouriu^y across the plains to Oregon.
Arriving at their destination, they settled on »
donation claim, which was located twelve miles
east of Oregon City. Mr. R'4n<lall cut a road
through a (len?e forest of Hr trees to his prop-
erty, whore he built a log cabin, and commenced
pioneer life among the primeval woods, the In-
dians and the animals of the forest. He taught
school at intervals for thirteen years, in the
meantime working on his farm.

An incident is related wdiicli displays' the
courage and straight forward dealing of the
man. After he had enclosed some of his land
and his crops were fairly growing, the Indiana
destroyed his crops by throwing down the
fence and driving their horses in among the
grain. Mr. Raiuiall U'came tired of this, and
taking an Indian, one day, whom he suspected
of being the culprit, he showed him the fence,
and told him to put it up. The Indian, how-
ever, refused, and Mr. Randall applied a horse-
whip to iiim. A short time afterward, and
while Mr. Randall was sitting in tiie house, he
spied, through the chinks between the logs, an
Indian, with a gun, climbing into a tree in the
vicinity of the house. Taking his gun, Mr.
Randall stepped to the door, and covering the
Indian with the muzzle made him come down
and go away. This is only one of the many ex-
periences they underwent in that early day,
which tended to cultivate in them personal
courage and firmness of will.

Under his able numagement Mr. Randall's
farm became a most productive one. He planted
a tine orchard on part of his land, and replaced
the log cabin with a substantial farm house.
He also added to his possessions, until he be-
came the owner of more than 1,000 acres of
valuable land in the vicinity of Oregon City.

He always took a deep interest iti the welfare
of his fellow- workers, the farmers, and was
Master of the Grange, and acted, for several
years, as Secretary of that society in the State,
and was deeply revered by its members.

As a man of superior intellectual al)ility, edu-
cational advantages, and a progressive disposi-
tion, combined with o. commanding presence,
powerful physique and courteous deportment,
lie was calculated to impress a community
favorably. His admiring constituents delighted

UlSrOHY OF UUKOON.

Wil

to lioiior liiin, and eloctetl liitn to tlie office of
Cuiuity Sui)criiiteii<l(nit of Scliuols. Afterwanl,
lie wiib twice elected Comity .Judge, which otKc^e
he iield for ei;^ht consecutive ycnrs, diricharf^iiif^
his duties with iinpartiiility ami justice.

fludffe and Mi's. Uaiidall had eii^lit cliildreii,
two of whom were horn previous to their juiiriiey
across the plains, the otliers having; heen liorii
in (Jrejfon. Ardula. the eldest, died in her
eighteenth year; Kliiorn, died at the age of
twenty-six; iVlindwell, married Mr. G. W.
(Jhiirch, and re8i<le8 in Oreii;oii City; Mentor is
married, and also resides in Oregon City; I5ea-
trice is the wife of Mr. W. W. Aldridjre; Movis,
married Mr. II. (.). Sloop, and resides in Fox
Valley. (See history of the son, Tom 1'. Ran-
dall, in this book.)

Thus is briefly given the most important
events of the life of a great and good man, whosi;
eit'orts were all in the line of the advancement
and enlightenment of his fellow-men; in this
respect, though his personal presence is among
them no more, his influence abides with them,
ami the good work which he coniniencod still
progresses, until, like the river which is lost in
the sea, his inlluencu shall merge into im-
mensity.

J. TIJTTIULL, Su|)eriiitendent of the
Electric Light Company, was born in
[<» Monroe county, Michigan, January 4,
IStiO, a son of Samuel and IJnice (Trippet)
Tntthill, natives of Vermont and Pennsylvania.
The mother's ancestors were of German descent,
and were early settlers of the Keystone State.
In 1871 the family removed to Montgomery
county, Iowa, where our subject worked on the
farm and attended the public, schools. In 1S75
he went to Omaha, Nebraska, and apprenticed
iiimself to the machinist's trade, in the pioneer
foundry of that city, and had evening electrical
training. After serving five years of his
apprenticeship he made a visit to his home in
Iowa, and in 1881 went to Sacramento, Califor-
nia, where he followed various ocoupations,
working two years in the Brush Electric Stations.
He was then employed by C. Ball, a watch and
clock manufacturer of (Jhico, and while there
had charge of the repairing department. Was
then in the employ or the Electric Light Com-
pany, making tlie evening runs in charge of the
machinery of the plant, and during his service

there gained a practical knowledge as an elec-
trician, already having tlu'. advantage, both by
nature and study, of being a jirai'tical ma(!hilli^t.
lie soon made himself familiar with the process
of making ami setting dynamos and other a|)pli-
ances connected with the |»rof>ssion. lie came
to AshlamI when the company began the erec-
tion of their works, and has since had the entire
charge of the ))lant as Superintendent. He is
held in high esteem by the stockholders for his
meidianical ability and alile marageiiieiit. Since
he has been in charge, the Ashland company have
nianutactiired dynamo.s, and have ])ut intoojiera-
tion the electric plant at Sissoii, and havi; also
manufactured small dynamos, motors ami other
appliances for a plant soon to be established at
Pokegaina and Dunsinuir, Calitoinia. Mr.
Tntthill is not only an expert electrician, but i.-.
also an inventive genius. He has planned and
patented several appliances in connection with
electric |)lants, which have proven to be of great
value. Among others he fiiis adjusted and put
in the company's power house what might be
termed an electric radiator, ami has demonstrated
the fact that a heater of this character can bo
successfully used. At the same time he does
not claim for the invention any economical
points, but, on the other hand, would be rather
expensive until utilized when the current would
be otherwise lost, as is the case at the power
house.

Mr. Tntthill was married at Chico, February
(i, 1887. to Miss Clara Doan, a native daughter
of California. They have three children:
Merritt A., Leslie A. and Ferdinand. Socially,
our subject affiliates witli th^ Imp. O. R. M., of
(Jhico, California.

JHOMAS J. CREIGUTON, a pnuninent
and highly esteemed citizen of Corvallis,
Oregon, a meniljer of the City Council
and a prosperous business man, was born in
Crawford county. Ohio, October 1, 1838. His
ancestors were of Scotch origin, both his parents,
.Tames and Nancy (Canon) Creighton. being
natives of Ohio, and the families on both sides
being early settlers and influential residents of
that State. Both his paternal and inatarnal
gr.indfathers were distinguished patriotic sol-
diers in the war of 1812, and both alike were
participants in the memorable battle of New

■in

»'.'9

iirnTony of onudON.

! • f

Orli'iiMs. wliicli ociMimMl on .lanuiiry S, 1815.
Iliw t'iitliiT wan II miller iiiKJ iilso |iiirniii'il funn-
ing, to wliii'li liittiT oci'iijiatioii yollliy TIioiiiuh

WHS ri'llI'L'll.

lie was tlu^ third of ten cliildron. and received
his education in the district schools of his native
State, after which he learned the carpenter's
trade. In 18(»2 \w left Ohio, and traveled from
one [Kiiiit to another as a journeyman carpenter,
for two \('!irs, wiifii he startcMl from Kan (!laire,
Wisconsin, for California, lieaching his desti-
nation, lie located near Sacramento, where he
was, for a time, eiif^ajred in niinini;. Not meet-
ing with eneoiiraginj; snccess in that enterprise,
he a;,'ain engaged in fnrniing on the Sheldon
grant, lie was, for two years, the managinj^
foreman of the famous llohhs ranch, dnring
which time he accninnlated considerahle money.

lie then came to Orejjon, locatiiigat Yaiinina
hay, where, with others, he engaged in ship-
huildinfi;. lie eontinneil in this hnsiness Hl>oiit
>ix years, and during that time several well-
known schooners were built by this company,
which have since figured prominently in the
coast trade, amnn;; which may be Jiientioned the
Elnora and Louisa, the former havinjr three
masts. In 1873 the company ceased opt.'ra-
tions and Mr. Oreighton came to Corvallis.
During his residence in Yaipiina he was very
active ill the building up and development of
that section, pirticularly so in the ailvanceinent
of the public .-chool system an<l numerous other
pulilic enterprises, being eminently a public-
spirited man.

On arriving in Corvallis Mr. ("reight(jii in-
vested in well-boring ajjparatus, and was for
several years actively engaged in well-sinking.
His present business was established in 1883,
which is dealing in wagons, buggies, and all
kiTuls of farm machinery and agricultural im-
plements. He bus a large and lucrative trade,
principally local, butalso extending into adjacent
counties.

He was married at Gerrais, October 16, 1888,
to Mrs. Ida Hamilton («6'« (iraves), an estimable
lady, and a native of Oregon. She is a daughter
of William CTraves, an honored Oregon pioneer
of 1852.

Politically, Mr. Creighton is allied with the

De ('ratic l)arty, and wjis elected to the CJity

Council in 18'J2. lie attiliates with the I. O.
(). F., Siibonlinate Lodge and Encamf)ment
Degree, and has passed all the otHcial chairs of
the order.

The history of Oregon and her inhabitants
appears to be one of continued success, which
lessiMis our wonder over that achieved by Mr.
Creighton, whose energy and ability, combined
with uprightness of character,, would insure liini
success anywhere, and doiil)ly so in this the
banner State of the Union.

AUVEL MAUKIIAM WATTS,aprom-
inent farmer of Washington county,
and a brave Oregon pioneer of 1850,
was l>orn in Tennessee, February 1, 1823. Ilia
father, Thomas Watts, was a native of. North
Carolina, of Irish ancestry. The grandfather
Watts was a Ca,])tain in the Revolutionary war.
Mr. Thomas Watts married Miss Kda Marklmm,
a native of Virginia, and nine children were born
to their union. From Tennessee Mr. Watts re-
moved to Kentucky, and later to Illinois. He
was a farmer and a member of the Metlio<li8t
Church. His wife died in 1852, in her sixty-
fifth year. Mr. Watts, our subject, broutrht his
father to Oregon, gave him a liome with him,
and cared for him until bis death, which oc-
curred in 1873, in his ninety second year.

Our subject was the fourth child and was
reared in Kentucky until bis fourteenth year;
later he removed to Missouri, where be married,
August 27, 184t], Miss Nancy Ann Knighten, a
native of Misscjuri. Her family were from
South Carolina, and her grandfather also served
as Captain in the lievolutionary war. In 1850
they crossed the plains with ox tehms, and were
six months on the tri]). There were forty
wagons in the train. During the journey fif-
tecTi of the emigrants were taken sick with
cholera and eight died. The physician they ob-
tained doctored them with t)piuiM and calomel.
Mr. and Mrs. Watts made their first location in
Oregon City, from which place they came to Mr.
Watts' present farm, three miles northwest of
Forest (Trove. Here he took up (540 acres of
land, as a donation claim, on Mhich he hnilt a
log cabin, and then devoteil himself to (arm-
ing and the improveTnent of his land. He
worked intelligently and industriously and has
prospered. He has added to his property until
lie now owns one of the finest farms in the
county, consisting of 700 acres.

During the Indian wars the settlers appointed
committees to go several miles from the differ-
ent settlements and watch. Mr. Watts was on

IIIHTOHY OF OHKIION.

331

II,.:

out! of these coinmittuoH ninl went up the triiil"
neven or ciirht iiiileH with a cinnpiiiiiidi in order
to see that no raid WHfi heiiiif phinned. This
wiitdiinir hrtd to he kept up for neveral years.

After a few years the little loj^ slianty was
replaced hy a iietter one, ami in \.HU\. Mr. Watts
erected a fine new re-idenee. wiiore lie now r<;-
sides. Mr. and Mrs. Watts ha^e heeii hiessed
with no children of their own, Unt they iiave
reared a nii.ni)er of other people's children,
ireatini^ them with the same kimlness that tliey
wonid have l)estowed npon one of their own.
They wereorii^inally Methodists, but tiie United
Brethren (Ilmrcli was the Krst one orsjanized
and they have joined it and have since been
worthy nienilwrs of that ori^anization, Mr.
Watts has served as Steward and Trustee, and
has also liljerallv devoted much of his money
to aid the jfooil cause.

Mrs. Watts is three years younjjjor than her
hnsliand and lias made him a faithful, loving
wife. She is an estimable lady, jjreatly beloved
i)y all who know her. Two of the children
reared by this ;i;ood couple beloniJ;ed to his
older brother, two others were his younirest
brother's, and about eij^ht others, mostly girls,
were needy children, taken and cared for by
Mr. and Airs. Watts. They have performed a
labor of love in caritig for these destitute chil-
dren, for which they deserve a great deal of
credit. They are kind-hearted and hospitable,
and are very worthy representatives of Oregon's
brave pioneers of 1850. •

T. C'ARTER, proprietor of the French
Prairie Nursery at Woodbnrii, was born
in Brownsville, Penn8ylvani;i. in 1853.
His parents, tFohnson and Itebecca (Leanion)
Garter, were also natives of the Keystone State;
the father was a ship carpenter by trade and a
l.-uilder of steamboats; he pursued this occupa-
tion at Brownsville on the Monongahela river,
and here young Carter lived until he was sev-
enteen years of a<^e. Starting out to meet the
responsibilities < f life, he chose the State of Kan-
sas as the scene of action, and passed four years
within its borders, engaged in farming. He
then returned to McKeesport, Pennsylvania,
and there served an apprenticeship of four
years at the carpenter's tr.ide. In 1878 he re-
turned to Kansas, and located at Severance,

where he followe<i his trade until 1S8(). In
that year, in I'ompnny with (ieorge lir'adley, he
went to Sm Francisco; after spending a feiv
n\iintli8 in that city he eiiibarke(l on a steamer
bounii for I'ortland. I'Mablo to find employ-
nient and his re.soiircti.s being exhausted ha
started tor Woodburn on foot, and there found
occnpatioi'. in the nursery of Mr. Settlemeier; at
the enil of a month Ik; again to )k up his trade,
which he followed one year. IJiiring this time
many of the early nisidences of the city were
Imilt.

Mr. (Jarter was inarrioii in 1881 to Miss Nettie
Seltlemeier, a native of Woodburn and a(laii;;h-
ter of ,1. II. Settlemeier, an Oregon pioneer ni'
184!). After his marriage he engaged in farm-
inif, and continued this iixlustry until 1887.
when he embarked in the nursery business ii|)oii
lands adjoining the city, wbicb had bijeii pre-
sented to bis wife. With energy and skill .Mr.
('arter began developing this place, ami a spa-
cious <l\velling and fine improvements are the
result of his own personal labors. From a
small beginning his nursery now covers 40
acres.

fWIELJ. IIAYKS, a well-known farmer
residing near Ilalsey, was born in Jeffer-
son county, Iowa, in 18.')0, a son of Setli
W. and Polly (Stillwell) Hayes. The parents set-
tled in lowaat an early day, but in 1852 joined
the tide of western emigration, an<l <'rossed
the plains to Oregon; they traveled with ox
teams, and suffered the usual discomforts and
hardships of the trail, but at the end of six
mouths f(uiiul themselves in the Willamette
valley. Proceeding to Linn county, Mr. Hayes
located on his donation claim of 320 acres. The
present town of Ilalsey is situated upon its
original settlement. He enga<;ed in farming
and raising live-stock, and followed this occu-
pation until his death. Politically, he was
identified with the Republican party, and was
ever active in forinulating and sustaining wise
measures, though he was not an office seeker.
He was an ardent advocate of the temperance
cause, and became a martyr to his convictions,
as he was murdered by his opponents in 1870.
Daniel J. Hayes remained at home until he
was si.Kteen years of age, and then began the
battle of life.

He was married in Linn county, in 1875, to

S94

UlbTOHV OF (mUdON.

Miff. Miiry K. Vim l,iin(lini;linin, n native of
Orc^'oii, itiui II iiHiiji;hti'r uf (ieor^f Vim Liiiid-
iiijrliiiiii. a |ii(iinj(i' of tlic early '5()h. After iiis
iiiiiri iafif ^Ir. IliiycK iiiirciiasi'd a rHiu'li of KiO
acrt'i-. liix iiiilc!- slHltil\^L•^t id' lliiiscy, and \va(«
fiiffiijrcii in faniiinj; tliiTf until ISH2. Ho tlicli
Kold out and iimiiovihI to liim preni'iit farm of KiO
iicruA ndjoiniiifr IIali<('y on tliu 8oiith; tliitt tract
ii« H jiortioii of IiIh latiit'i'V donatiun idaiin, and
he HJi-o owns -1^0 iiorcii in .Slicniiiiii county, Ore-
gon, wliieli ia rcntt'il. Almiit 120 iicri'si of the
liijim' riincii iiri' under I'liltivatioii, and in eon-
iifction lie runs a hiitter dairy, liavinir twenty
I'OWK of Siiorthurn and .lerwey strains; he has
all the most ini|iroveil fiieiiitien, and prodiieen
an exeellent i[niility of butter.

Mr. ami Mrs. Hayes are tiio parents of four
idiiidieii : I)ora A., Idiliy A., (i rare and (ieor^je.
■Mr. Hiiyt's ffivcs little thoui;lil to secret soeietiee
or |iolitics. but his well improved fiirni indicatcB
the energy iiiid tliiift which have been exercised
in its cultivation; he is very attentive to all the

Hails of Hiiiicultiire, and inanaires his estate
with iiiueh ii felligence and coiiseijiient jirolit.

— ■^^■^^^■^

fAMKS (i. lUliDSEY, Sheriff of Jackson
comity. — In this rapidly developinir coun-
try of ours, where opportunities for all are
equal, some make more rii|iid strides toward
success than others, and their success in any
iiie of business they may have marked out for
themselves may lie attributed to natural ability
and tact, combined with resolute will and per-
sistent deteriniiiation to succeed. The subject
of this sketch is one worthy of more than pass-
inif meiifion. Mr. JJirdsey is oceupyinj; to-day
one of the most imjiortant offices that is the gift
of the county. The phenomenal success he has
achieved during his otficial career entitles him
to honoraide mention in the pa^es of this vol-
ume. He is one of Oregon's native sons, and
dates his birth in .lackson county, April 25.
1854, and claims the distinction of being the
third white child born in the county. His par-
ents are David \. and Clara S. (Fleming) Bird-
sey, the former a native of Connecticut, reared in
the Hiickeye State, and came to Portland,
Oregon, via Panama, in 1852, where he en-
gaged in mill business. The latter is a native of
West Virginia, her ancestors being among
the early and influential settlers of that State.
Of their six children, our subject is the eldest.

He was reared and educftted in the eonnty of

his birth and tliert^ he learned the lilaeksniith'B
trade and also followed n-ining for several years.
In lS80 lit! was elected (lonstable, and serveil two
terms. He was nominated for County Sherilf,
but met with defeat. In IHHH he was again
nominated and carried ids county by a liand-
some majority, and again, in ISOO, htt was a suc-
cessful candidate for the same office. He will
soon retire from public life, and move his fam-
ily to his farm, located nine miles north ot
.lacksonville, where he owns 320 acres of farm-
ing land. It is also the intention of Mr. P>ird-
sey to carry on general farming, fruit-growing,
and also make a speciality of hog-raising. Ho
has three acres already set with plums and ap-
ples, and will put out 1,000 more trees tlie pres-
ent season, ajid will devote considerable time to
the developing of his mining property.

He has been inarritMl twice- -November 5,
1S82, to Miss Kathern Kiicli, who died October
15,1887; they had two children: Georgie and
Annie. He was married a second time, Octo-
ber 1890, to an I'stiinable widow, Mrs. Fannie
.lohnson, nee (^ompton.

Mr. Pirdsey has always taken an active inter-
est in public affairs, and is a stanch Republican,
always upholding the principles of his party.
He is a member of the K. of P., Talsiman
Lodge, Xo. 31, of Medford; A. O. U. W., and
Improved Order of Red ^len, of Salem. lie
has passeil all the otficial chairs of the order.

■4^

^•a--

(OPKRTTAVI.OR. the junior member of
the tirm of IHgh iV: Tiiylor, |)roprietor8
of the Alliainbra Wine and Pilliard Rooms,
is a native of the Keystone State, born in the
city of Pliihulclphia, .June il, 1853. His par-
ents, Daniel and Rose Taylor, were l.'oth of
Irish birth, and immigrated to America in 1849.
The father was a soldier in the Rebellion, en-
listing i:i Company E,0!ie Hundred and Eighty-
Third Penn.sylvania Volunteers. He served his
adopted country honorably and faithfully, and
was among the numl>er of oiir Unu>n soldiers
who suffered the hor'orsof Libby Prison, where
he (lied October 24. 1864. His wife died in
Philadelphia, in 1800. The family consisted of
four children, of which Robert was the second
child. He learned the trade of weaver in the
city of his l)irtli, and followed carpet weaving
until 1869, when he came to Ashland, and

*'l

UlHTOHY OF itliBdON.

uiia

woikcil in the wonlmi millw ii year, and from
tlii'i'ii went to Klaniatli county. Ilfii^ litMvorkod
for six yenrH iiandlin)^ hIocIc, and wpcnt tour
yoRfw in M(')doc coiinty, California, wiicre liii
wan cii^nj^ud in \\w infoniHt of .loscu I). Carr,
of MonttM-cy I'ounty, California. In 1870 lie
,i' limed to Klainatli county, located on Spragne
riviT. and engaged in Htock-raising tor a ])eri()d
of two years. Since tlnit time lie iiaw l)een a
prominent citi'/en of Anldand.

II Ih present biiHineKB was establislied ei<;iit
years ago. and lie and liin |)artiier are engage<l
in the frnit-f;rowing hiininess. They own jointly
in the city limitH ten .icreh of land, wiiich is all
devoted to peach-growing. The orchard is young
and in a noiirishiiif^ eon(litif)ii. The present
season will i;ive thein a good crop which will he
81'. 1 to the local trade.

A' '■. Taylor is a stanch Uepuhliean, and takes
HM ftciive interest in j)olitical matters; has tilled
|;he |)OBition of Deputy Sherift' for four years.
lie is a niemher of I. (). O. F. and has tilled all
the official chairs. He is also fast Master of
Ashland Lodge, A. O.V . W.

He was married in Klamath county, duly 3,
1877, to Louisa, danghter of Daniel 1'. Brit-
tnin, an Oreifon pioneer of 1853. They have a
family of five children: Eva. Jay, Clay, Ida
and liay.

J.. ■ _ji i:^..t..| -a^ , fa=:r- . »

■ ''ft y 'li^

F. IIAFjL, one of the successful farmers
of the vicinity of Woodhurn, was born at
... '» Liberty, Clay county, ilissouri, in 182ti.
His parents, J. E. and Cynthia ((irooni) Hull,
were natives of Kentucky, but were nnmliered
among the pioneers of Missouri. The father
was reared to the life of a farmer, but in early
years learned the trade of a stone-mason, and
plied both vocations in the early settlement of
Missouri. He was among the foremost of the
emigrants to Oregon, crossing the plains in the
summer of 1845. His outfit was composed of
three wagons, twelve yoke of oxen, twenty-five
loose head of cattle and two mares. The trip was
successfully accomplished to Fort Boise, where
he was induced to follow Steve Meeks on his
"cut oft','" and thereby suffered many hardships,
beside losing much of his stock on account of
lack of feed and water. There was also much
sickness in the train, and many deaths resulted.
Ultimately arriving at the Dalles, they proceeded
down the river, and at the Cascades the fell

destroyer, Death, fir.'t filtered the family circle
and removed a little son, who lies liiirie(l on the
banks of the Columbia river. They coiitin iu'(l
down the river to Linton, aiici there re-embarked
in their wagons and drove to Hutteville. Here
Mr. ILill passed two years with his fiiinily, and
in 18-17 located two and a half miles south on
Fren(di I'rairie. He took ii|) 4()(i acres, and en-
gaged in farming, which li(u;oiitinueil until 18('iW,
when lie retinal to the home of a daughter and
died at the age of seventy years. His widow
survives him, aged eighty-eight years.

I5', F. Hall crossed the plains with his parents
and remained with them until 1848, when ho
went to the California gold mines, and followed
the all-absorbing occu|)ation of digf^ing for
gold for a year. He retnriu^d to Oregon in the
summer of 184U, and bought 24iJ acres where
he now resides, which formed the nucleus of bis
landed estate. He afterward accumulated means
rapidly, and increas(Hl his possessions to 1,400
acres, located in different parts of the valley.
He has farmed annually al)out 300 acres, his
chief produce being grain.

Mr. Hall was married in April, 1854, on
French Prairie, to Miss .Mary A. Johnson, a
ilaughter of Neill .lohnson.of Illinois, a pioneer
of 1851. Nine children have been born of this
union: Albert; Sophronia, wife of (i. W. Mc-
Longhlin; Elmer, Edwin, Orin, William, Edith,
Clarence and Junius. By the sale of lands and
■ division among his children, ^^r. Hall has re-
duced his land to 400 acres, 325 of which is
tillable, the ba'ance being in woodland. The
farm is now conducted by the youngest son, Mr.
Hall having retired from active labor. The
j)lace is admirably improved, and supplied with
all the latest labor-saving inventions. It bears
the significant impress of the thrift and wise
management of the proprietor.
t

fF. POWERS, a well-known agriculturist
residing near Springfield, Lane county,
*> Oregon, was born in Allegany county,
New York, in 182(5, a son of Benjamin B. and
Mary A. (Powell) Powers, natives of Vermont.
The ancestors of these parents had for genera-
tions been residents of the <Treen Mountain
State, and the Powell family formerly owneil
the town site of Woodstock. The father of our
subject was a cabinet-maker by trade, and fol-
lowed this occupation in Maine until 1824,

3.;«

HISTORY OF oniiGON.

when he removed to Aire{»ftny county, New
York. 111! l)nilt u i^rist mill on Viindfinaik
creek, which he o])er!ite(l until 183i5, when he
emigrated to Illinois. He engaged in farming
and worked at his trade as opportunity offered,
until 1832, when he started with his wife and
seven children to Oregon. His outfit consisted
of three wajj;on8, each drawn i)y three yoke of
oxen, one two-horse wagon, and ten cows. They
joined a train i)f seventy-two wagons, the com-
pany nuinhcring 2")0 persons. .\rriving at the
I'latt river the cholera settled upon the train, and
tiiirty-two deaths resulted, Mrs. I'owers leing
among the numi)er who 'vere i(Uried u|)oii the
silent plain. They tiien divided into smaller
companies and iinished the iouniey without
particnlr,, incident. Arrived at tlie Dalles, they
proceeded liy water an<l the river trail to the
" mouth of Siiidy," and then drove hy Alhany
to Lane county. Mr. I'ower.s located on a dona-
tion claim near the present town of S|)ringfield,
and engaged in farming. B. F. Powers was
reared and educated in Illinois, and crosseil the
plain ■• with his parents in 1852, driving an ox
team and walking the entire distance. He
hoiight ](')0 acres adjoitiing his father, and at
once engagc(' in farming, which has been the
occupation of his life.

He was married near Springfield, in 1864:, to
Miss LoniaH M. Thomas, a daughter of. lona-
than Thomas, a pioneer of 1852. They have
one child, (^atlierine E.. wifeoft'. L. Morton.-

Mr, I'owers now owns 35(1 acres of the orig-
inal settlement of the family, one mile east of
Springfield, and the fine condition of the- land
and all of his surrou.idings indicate the thrift
and wisdom with wl 'ch they have been man-
aged. l'"orinerly ho dealt largely in sheep, cat-
tle and horses, liut of late years he has given his
attention to the raising of cereals, and sows 250
acres of grain annually. Inherititig tlu^ cuergy
characteristic of his New England ancestors,
with zeal and persevr ranee he has pursued his
avocation, and has ii v one of the best im-
proved farms in Lane county.

V. SHERMAN, one of the prominent
young business men of Portland, the
* beautiful metropolis of Oregon, where
he is (Jashier of the Orogi,ii National Hank, was
born in Fr.iuklin, .lolin -on county. In li.ina, in
1852.

His parents, Flosea B. and Elizabeth (Da-
shiell) Sherman, were natives of New York and
Ohio, respectively, who were married in ln<liana,
where the father was for some time'engaged in
mercantile pursuits and in trading on the Ohio
and Mississippi rivers. In 1853 they removed
to Kankakee county, Illinois, where the father
engaged in farming, locating about tif'ty-s'x
miles t'rom Chicago, which latter place was then
a snuill village, whence all lumber and family
supplies were haule<l. Subsecjuently, the par-
ents removed to lvai;kakee, tor the purpose of
educating their children, where the father was
engaged in the sale of agricultural implements
until the time of his death, in IHSti. He was
gre.itly esteetned for his many sterling (jiialities
of character, and his death was universally la-
mented. The faithful wife and devoted mother
remov(!d to Portland, Oregon, subseijuent to her
husband's ileatli, where she still resid(!s, at the
age of seventy-five years, highly esteetned by all
who know her.

The subject of this sketch wa^ educated in the
jiublic schools of Kankakee, and his i)nsiness
education was received under the able guidaiu'c
of his father, with whom he renniined until
1872, at which time he acepteii a position as
messenger in the First National Bank of Kan-
kakee, where by faithful service and gradual
promotion he subsequently rose to higher posi-
tions, remaining with tiiat institution until 18S2.
The president o: the l)an... Ivnory (lobb, then
organiii,ed the Hozeman Niiiionai Bank, at l>oze-
mati. Montana, and Mr. Slierinan was renueste<l
to till the position of Cashier, winch he accepted
Besides his banking busine«s he became promi-
nently connected with the development of l)itu
niinous coal, and was one of the organizers of
the 15ozeinan Coal Company, wiiicli was after-
ward sold to the IJnion Pacific Railroad t'i)m-
pany. Mr. Sherman sLiU continuing to be a stock
holder and director.

In 1885 Mr, Sherman (mme to Portlatid to
accent the position of Cashier of the Portland
Natio nil Bank, which he filled for two years.
when . o resigned to accept a similar position
with the Metropolitan Savings Bank, which
was at once once cMiiverted into the
Oregon National Bank; he retaining 'hi^
positicm of ci'<hier. This bank has a cap-
ital iiiid surplus of S270,()0(), and alreudy
(1892) has established for itself a sound and in-
nuontial reputation throughout the couniiTy.
The mamigeinent is composed of exporionued

m STORY OF OREGON.

6S7

business men and sagacious bankers, who are
tliovoiiglil.v acquaintt'd with tinancial matters.
Ill 18M8 Mr. Slierman piirciiased an interest in
tlie Multnomah iStreet Railroad, wiiich lias since
been changed from iiorse-power to tiie electric
system, and is an important factor in the devel-
opment of tiie city of Portland. Of this enter-
prise he is Secretary and Treasurer. Besides
this he was one of the incorporators of the Lewis
& Dryden Printing (Company, of which he is the
Secretary and Treasurer. They do a general
lithographic liusiness. and are publishers ot a
railroad guide. Mr. Sherman also is a stockholder
and Director of the Northwest Loan & Trust
Company, which was organized in 1887, and of
which he was the first Secretary and Treasurer.
He is Second Vice President and Director of
the Portland I'c Willamette Valley llailroad
Company, of which lie was one of the original
stockliolderK. lie was also instruinerital in or-
ganizing the l!ank of All)ina, of wliich he is
Vice-President and Director. He is a Director
in the (Columbia Fire & Marine Insurance Com-
pany and of the Portland Industrial Exposition
Association.

Mr. Sherman was married at Kankakee, Illi-
nois, in 1883, to Miss Frank II. Paddock, a
highly esteemed lady, and a daughter of Colonel
J. W. Paddock, a prominent attorney of Illinois,
who lost his life in the defense of his country in
the late war.

Socially, Mr. Sherman is an honored membei
of the Arlington (Mub, the Multnomah Amateur
iVthletic Club, and other similar organizations.

The continued endorsement by tlie various
large and influential business enter|)ri8e8 with
vhich he is connected is sufficient comnientarv
on Mr. Sherman's financial and executive abil-
ity; bes.des which, his wide rejiutation for busi-
ness integrity ami uniform courtesy have gained
for him an enviable ))OBition in the regard ot
his fellow-citizens.

(J. HUNTlNCi, 4(57 Tenth street, Port-
land, Oregon, is one of the worthy resi-
r* dents of this city, was l>orn at St. ,lohn,
New iiriinswick, in 1830. ili.- paternal ances-
tors, natives of England, immigrated to Amer-
ica early in the seventeenth century, and, l)eing
Loyalists, with the opening of the Revolution-
ary war took up their abode at St. John. His
paternal grandfather lived to the advanced age

of 105 years, and was never known to be sick
until the time of his death, retaining all his
faculties to the last. His maternal ancestors,
French people, tied from their native country in
the night during the terrible massacre of St.
Bartholomew, came to America, and located on
the Hudson river. Being Loyalists, they, too,
sought homes in St. .fohn prior to the Revolu-
tionary war. Rev. Joshua Bunting, the father
of our subject, was a Ba})tist minister in and
about St. John. lie was married to Elizabeth
Gerow. Of their live children, all of whom
lived to maturity, only three now survive,
namely: Dr. John (}., a practicing jihysician of
New York city; William F., a prominent citi-
zen of St. John; and S. (t., the youngest.

Mr. Bunting was educateil in his native city,
and at the age of seventeen began learning the
trade of carriage-maker, serving an apprentice-
ship of three years. He then joined his brother,
Charles E., a cabinet-maker by trade, and to-
gether they opened a shop, continuing both
branches. In 1858 they ^old out and removed
to the Pacific coast, making the trip on the
half clipper ship Visergus, Captain Cyrus Sears,
of Cape Cod. They sailed from Boston with a
cargo of general merchandise and seventy-fivo
passengers, rounded ("ape Horn, and after a pas-
sage of 165 days entered the port of San Fran-
cisco, arriving February 22, 1859. Charles E.
proceeded to Victoria, British Columbia, and S.
G. engaged in work at his trade in San Fran-
cisco. In 1861 the latter went to Sacramento.
In that city he was married to Miss Maria L.
I'^uller, a native of Massachusetts. He con-
tin irmI work at his trade in Sacramento until the
terrible freshet of January, 1802, when his
household effects were nearly destroyed. He
then sold out, returned to San, Francisco, and
the summer following joined his brother in Vic-
toria, where together they started a carriage
manufactory, and conducted the same four years.
At the end of that time the partnership was
dissolved, and the subject of our sketch came
to Portland. His brother has since died.

Arriving in Portlaml, Mr. Bunting was em-
ployed us superintendent of the carriagt" works
of Cooper it Lownsdale, which position he tilled
for four years. Then lie and L. .M. Dyer formed
a partnership and opeiieil a carriage fa<'tory on
Second street, between Oak and Stark streets,
which they continued one year. Theco-partner-
shin of Bunting ife Tracy was then formed, and
took the shops of Lownsdale (Mr. Cooper hav-

828

Ur STORY OF OHEOON.

1 !''

iiig (lieil). and operated the siime tor nine
uiontlis. Mr. Tracy's health trtiliii<>; at tliat time,
Mr. Bmitiiii; bought his interest and ran th(i
shop until the spring of 1870, when he removed
to the corner of Second and Sahnon streets,
erected a two-atory building, 35 \ UO feet, and
did an extensive business in every department
of carriage manufacturinu;. turning out !)otli
light and heavy work, and doing the leading
business of the city, emjiloying from fifteen to
twenty-tive hands. He operated this establish-
ment until September, 1883, when he sold out
his tools, stock and building and retired from
the business, and since then has traded some-
what in real estate. He owns considerable val-
nable projierty.

Mr. and Mrs. Hunting have one child,
.Minnie A.

Politically, he is a Republican; religiously, a
Methodist. Since 18(37 he has been a faithful
member of Taylor Street Methodist Church,
and for twenty-three years has served as Stew-
ard, fourteen years of that time being a meTiiber
of the choir. He is an honorable, conscientious
citizen, ever ready to assist in advancing the in-
terests of both church and State.

F|ENNY H. HEN DEE. -Descended from
fl^jl French Protestants, who, on account of
^^ their religious views, were e.\pelled from
Normandy and settleil in England, Ilichard, the
ancestor of the American branch of the Hendee
family, emigrated to the United States with the
Puritans, and settled in Boston, where he was
married, his descendants subse(juently settling
in Connecticut. The family was not highly
educated, but its members were honest, and
possessed mcu'e than an ordinary amount of
physical power.

The grandfather of our subject settlcvi at
Pittsford, Vermont, in 1773, and purchased one
right of land and engaged in agricultural pur-
suits under the disadvantages incident to settle-
ment in a new country. The father of our sub-
ject, Samuel Hendee, was the youngest of eight
children, born in 1791, and married Abigail
['.line, December 2, 1810. He was an indus-
trious, quiet and faithful man, and one of the
Deacons of the Haptist Church. He lived and
died upon the farm, which he inherited from
his father.

Our subject, Denny 11. Hendee, was the
eighth child in a family of ten children, and
was born on the old farm in Vermont, Febru-
ary 2(3, 1826. Lip to his seventeenth year he
lived at home, attending to the farm duties and
enjoying such school |>rivilege8 as were oil'ered
at the district school one mile distant, to which
he walked morning and evening through the
winter snow and driving storms. After his
mother's death in 1843 he left home and fol-
lowed various occupations until the spring of
1844, when he was glad to get back to the farm
again. In the fall of 1845 he attended the
Brandon Seminary, continuing until the sum-
mer of 184(i, when, in August, he went to New
York city to learn the new and wonderful art of
taking daguerreotypes, after acquiring which
he traveled through New Jersey and Pennt^yl-
vania, arriving at Wilkesbarre in the fall of
1847; was there at the departure of a com|iany
of soldiers. Returning in the spring of 1848,
he commenced the |)ractice of his profession
throughout the northern part of New York,
until news was received of the discovery of gold
in California, whe.i, in company with one broth-
er, he started by steamer for (California, in
October, 1849, landing upon the I'oeks at Mont-
gomery street, San Francisco, .lanuary 10, 1850.
The city was then a rag and board one, with a
few adobe structures and the old Catholic mis-
sion. Oui' subject soon found employment in
the only art gallery in the city, at $25 per week
and board, daguerreotypes then selling at §16
each. In May, 1850, our sultject and brother
went to the mines near Sonora, subsequently
purchasing a daguerreotype outfit from an emi-
grant, then followed mining and taking pictures
at !?16 each until January, 1851, doing a pros-
perous business as well as meeting with great
success ill mining. He then followed his artistic
career at Stockton, Marysville, ami through the
mining camps, until the spring of 1853, when
he letnrned to Marysville. and was there mar-
rieil to Miss E. S. Vineyard, May 19, 1853.
They then returned to San Francisco, and thence
by sailing vessel to Portland, Oregon, arriving
June 10 following. He immediately rente<l
rofime in the old Canton House for the daguerre-
otype business, and was the only daguerreo-
tyjier in town, the art at that time not having
advanced beyoiul the daguerreotype process.
He feoon began traveling about the valley, locating
temjiorarily at Oregon (!i?y, Salem, I,a Fayette,
Forest Grove and liillsboro, and returned to

HiarORY OF OHRGON.

S3»

Portland, in 185(5. After a brief interval he
retiirni'd to California to visit frieiKls, anil
opi'Mcil bnsiiiess ot Oroville, wlicro he learned
the proceris of photojjrapliy, and continued until
1859, when he again visited Oreijon, with tetn-
porary engagements at Shoal Water bay, St.
Helens and Vancouver, locating permanently
in Portland in 1801, and continuing a general
photographing business.

Our subject was i)ereaved by the death of
his wife. May 10, 1862. This union had been
blessed by four children, three of whom 8\ir-
vive: Otlio S., Samuel H., Klla Fanny and Ed-
win L. March 10, 1864, Mr. llendee married
Mrs. Maria (Ricker) White, a native of Baiii,
New llainpsliire. After marriage Mr. llendee
continued business until IST'i, when he was
burned out, and after i-e-stocking, sntfered again
by the destructive tire of 1873, wbicli burned
out iipward of tw'uty blot. s. He then re-
• iiovud to Milwaukee, where he owned a small
ranch of si.xteen acres, ami followed farming
and the fruit culture. In 1879 he returi.ed to
New Kngland to visit old friends, and in 1881
again started the j)liotogrrtpli business at East
Portland, which he continued until 1886, when
he retired, turning the business over to hi i. sons,
Otlio and Edwin, who are still carrying .'t for-
ward. Having purchased land upon upper
Fifth street, [.artially improved, Mr. Ilonrlec
tnade other improvements, and now resides at
N(x 456 Fifth street, in the enjoyment of every
necessary comfort. For seven years our sub-
ject served as a volunteer fireman, and is now a
member of the veteran association, lie is a
Republican in politics, though not active. After
a lite of great activity, lie is passing the closing
years in peace and contentment and in the
enjoyment of scientilic research, in which he is
deeply interested.

^ON. HEN RV J. HEAN was born in Hethel,
O.xford county, Maine, .November 13,
1853. Ilis father, Timothy Bean, was a
native of Maine. Here he was married to Miss
Elizabeth Swift, a native of Maine. The liappy
couple settled upon a farm, where they brought
ii() their family. The father, in 1866, "emigratoe
to Oregon for the pnrpo.se of seeking his fortune
in the new West. He remained here until 1876,
and then returned to his family, who were

left behind, and returned to Oregon. Umatilla
county, where he resides.

The subject of this sketch was reared a farmer
boy and attended the public school until he ac-
quired his primary education, lie then went
to Gould's and North Yarmouth Academy, and
finished his education there. He then enj^aged
in the study of law with tlie well-known judge,
Enoch Foster, Judge of the Supreme Court of
Maine. Mr. Heap was admitted to the practice
of law in 1881, and in the same year he came
to Oregon an'! opened a law office in Pendleton,
and in a short time he was appointed City At-
torney of Pendleton, and afterward elected City
Kijcorder of the city. Our subject became so
'v'ell-known and so ))0pnlar that he was nomi-
nated on the Republican ticket, in a Democratic
county, for the Representative of Uniantilla
county to the Legislature, and was elected by a
good majority. He served his county with
credit and honor, both to himself and his county
also,, and now he has his office in Pendleton,
where he has a good practice. Judge Bean re-
ceived the appointment as United States Com-
missioner in 18!)0, and has won his popularity
by his strict honesty and attention to business.
Mr. Bean has been very successful in life. He
has an interest in the Blue Mountain Planing
Mill (recently burned), and the Shingle Mills.
and is doing a large business in that line.. Be-
sides owning his own property he owns several
residences which he rents.

Our subject was married in 1886, to Miss
Mattie Magahey, a native of Ohio, who came to
Oregon in 187i<, she being an orphan girl, who
was reared by the Rev. Mr. Ilawley, a Methodist
Episcopal minister, who formerly resided in St.
Louis. This union is blesseil with two children,
Grace and Hawley. Judge Bean is a Mason
and belong,? to Lodge No. .S3, of Pendleton, and
has filled all the offices in the lodge.

IDWARL) KIDDLE was born in Warren,
llMmds. July 15, 18(')2. His father, Kred
Kiddle, was born in England and came to
America with his parents when about fifteen
years old. He was a miller by trade. Mr.
Kiddle married .Mary Noyes, also a native of
P]ngland, who came to Atnerica when a voung
woman. The rmirriage occurred September 27,
1859. The birth of the father occurred March
9, 1838, and the mother's, March 17, 1841.

S,!|.

;);!()

HISTOfiV OF ORKaoN.

Mr. Kidillo is now living in Nebraska, hut liis
wit'n liied in 1877. Thoy iiad tiireo cliiidren,
niiniely; Ida, now Mrs. Head; Edward, our
eul.iject, and Fred, Jr. The (lidost and youngest
of tiie family are now residinj^^ in Jefferson,
Iowa.

Tiie parents of our subject reuioved to tin;
southern part of Missouri, where tliey retnained
but a short time, and tlien removed to Paola,
Kansas. From there our sul)ject removed to
Hamilton, Missouri, to learn the miller's trade,
aTid served as an apprentice in a mill for six
years; then went to Nortonville, Kansas, where
he worked in a n'iil for one year, and in June,
188(). came to Oregon, first settling in Union,
wiiere lie now resides. Tiie first three years of
his residence in Union he worked in a mill, and
then eufTiiged in shipping live-stock, following
tliat calling at the jiresent time. He received
the appointment <if Deputy County Assessor, in
18!J0. In April, 18!)2, he received the nomina-
tion for the office of County Assessor oji the
Kepublican ticket.

Mr. Kiddle was married in iiamilton, Mis-
souri, to Miss Emma Walling, J uiy 27, 1884.
This lady was born in Wauconda, Illinois, iVlarch
15. 18t)4, a daughter of Myron and Maria Wal-
ling, luitivesof New York, born March 9, 1820.
and April 25. 1820, respectively. Mrs. Walling
died- Miirch 7, 1889. 8i.\ children were bcjrn
to them, of whom o\\\y two are now living: Mrs.
Kiddle and a sister, Ida, who is now residing
with lier father in Missouri. Mr. and Mrs
ividdle have had four children, namely: Merton,
born October 8, 1885; Netia M., born January
8, 1888; Greta, liorn Ai)r;i 29, 1889; and
Frank, born June 29, 1890, died August 81,
1891. Mr. Kiddle is a Mason and Master of
tiie Blue Lodge, and Permanent Scribe of the
(Trand Kound Valley Chapter. He is also a
mem tier of the Knight Templar Commandery,
of Portland. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kiddle are
prominent and pojiular members of Union.

LEIIEMIAII nOANE, D. D., Professor of
J Systematic Theology at Portland I^niver-
*TM^ sity, was l)orn in Eastiiam. I'arnstable
county. Massacluisetts. January 22. 1820. He
traces his ancestry buck to Deacon John Doane.
who was born in Eiiurland in 1590, and came
over from Eu.-ope to IMymouth about 1621, and
settled in the Colony, and was one of ifs assistant

(toveriiors for many yiiars. During this time he
was one of a committee of five sent out in search
of a better place than Plymoutii, to which the
colony might be removed. The committee de-
cided on Nuiiset, (the natne of the first tribe of
Indians seen by the Pilgrims, which was soon
after changed to East ham, in the records of the
colony). Cape Cod, as a good place for raising
8U]iplies, but being too limited in extent f^r tiie
home of the colony, it was determined to re-
main at Plymouth.

Deacon John lived at Plymouth until lt)44,
when he moved to Eastham and spent the bal-
ance of his life, <lieil and was l)uried in 1685, at
ninety-five years of age.

Tile family are now broadly scattered through
the Eastern, Middle, Western and Paci lie States,
Nova Scotia and Austr.^lia, and all by the name
of Uoane trace back to the same ancestry. With
the later development of the shipping anil fish-
ing industries of Cape Cod tiie family gradually
diverted from .agricultural to sea-faring lives,
and the father of our subject, Nehemiuh Doane,
followed the sea. He married Ilannaii Crowell,
a woman of Puritan ancestry and sterling
characteristics, and by her had several children.

Dr. DoaiK! was educated in the cotnim>n
schools of his native town, and for several terms
was employed as teacdier in one of them; and
subsequently entered the academy at liolliston,
Massachusetts, and after two and a half years
became teacher in that institution. Here, by
excessive study, he so injured his eyes that it
was deemed prudent to leave scdiool for a time
and travel in the West. Aftera few months lie
opened a select school at Cadiz, Oiiio, where lie
taught a full year.

In the spring of 1847 he entered the scho d
now known as the Boston Schor>l of Theology,
then located at (-oncord. New Hampshire. Tliis
was the tirst institution of the kind established
l)y the .Methodist fc^piscopal Church, ami Mr.
Doane was one of its first students. After re-
maining there two and a liai! years he secured
throngli Professor (afterward Bishop) Baker, the
appointment liy the Missionary Board of the
ciiurcli as Superintendent of the Oregon Insti-
tute, located by the earlier missionaries at Salem.
This at that time was a foreign mission of the
clinrch, and more ditHcnlt to reach, either by
land or sea, than any mission field at the present
time.

He was married at S|iringfield. Vermont,
Sejiteinber 10, 1849. to Miss Matilda Draper, a

: !l i !

JlhSTOHV OF OREGON.

Slil

iisxtive of tlmt Stat«, ami u student of the Spriiij;;-
lield Seniiiiiiry. October IG, IS-t!', lie and liis
wife einliarked from New York on tlie steamer
Empire City, via the iBtiiniiis of Panama, for
tiieir new field of labor. They crossed the Isth-
inns by traveling up the Clmgres river in a
"dugout," and thence on horseback to Panama.
There they remained ten days, and during that
time Mr. Doane delivered the first serinon ever
preached at Panama by a representative of the
i\fethodist Kpiscopal Church. In due course
they took passage on the .steamer Oregon for
Siin Francisco, at which place they were trans-
ferred to the schooner Mary Taylor for Astoria,
the passage for each in the schooner being $100.
In the Mary Taylor they e.xperienced a terrible
voyage, the vessel being (^ast upon her beam
ends and all l)ut shipwrecked, and then driven
before the gale. It was thus they entered the
unknown hai'bor of what later proved to be San
Juan Inlet, Vancouver Island, and there re-
mained until the storm §ubsided. They then
landed in safety at Astoria. A party of eight
WHS there made up who paid three sailors $100
each to row the party to Portlau<l. This trip
consumed nine days and was made in a whale
boat, with little |)rotection from wind or weather,
arriving at Portland in January, 1850. There Mr.
Doane accepted the hospitality of J. S. Smith,
and after si.\ days they started up the river in a
small vessel owned l)y the Hudson's BayCom-
])any. The first day they reached Milwaukee
and there passed the night. The following day
tliey proceeded about four miles against the
strong current, and in the dusk of evening
started with an Indian guide to a house not far
distant, expecting there to pass the night; but
the darkness settled upon them, the guide ran
away, it was too dark to return in safety, and Mr.
and Mrs. Doane passed the night in the woods,
their only protection being the shelter of a fallen
tree, and having no supper. The followiiigday
they reached Oregon City, and there remained
three weeks, until the Snperintendent of Mis-
sions at Salem conld be notified. Thoy arrived
at Salem about (he 15th of February.

Arrived at his destination, Mr. Doane at once
took charge of the institution, which, through
the gold excitement of California and the clos-
ing of other schools, was increased to about
100 pupils. lie and his wife both taught for
three terms, receiving ordy §500 per year. Pro-
visi(UiB were high. They paid (iO cents per pound
for sugar and |2 a pound for saleratns. A pair

of boots cost $16, and other things sold in pro-
portion.

Early in 1851 the school was taken by Rev.
F. S. Iloyt, and Mr. Doane removed to Port-
land to condnct the mission school, and (he
pupils for miles around all gathered in one
small room. In September, 1851, he was ap-
pointed to the church in Oregon City, and there
otHciateil for two years, while his wife taught
the small school. This ])astorate was followed
by appointments at Yam Hill, Dallas, Corvallis
and Albany up to 1859, when he was appointed
Presiding Elder of the Puget Sound District,
with headquarters at Olympia, where he offici-
ated fonr years. The i\ext two years he was
pastor at Seattle, after which he was Presiding
Elder of PorthiTid District one year, ami was
one year Centenary Agent. Again he was ap-
pointed I'residing Elder of the Salem District,
and served four years. During his service on
the Sound he traveled in a small boat, often
making forty miles per day, rowing himself,
sleeping at night under the protection of the
boat, and always escaping the many dangers
from the Indians, who were ever alert to mur-
der and steal. In 1873 he returned to pastor-
ate life and was located at the Dalles, East Port
land, Shedd's Circuit, McMinnville Circuit,
Dayton, Port Towusend and Salem. On account
of illness in his family, he retired from pastr)rate
service and accepted a lectureship in Theology
in tlie Willamette University, it having been
for some time his anxious desire to organize a
theological institute upon the coast. This case
of sickness secured to him a proviiiential inter-
position ami the opening of the wa;; to his long
cherished hopes. During the three succeeding
years he wrote and delivered 188 lectures, and
was then elected Professur of Systcanatic Theo-
logy, which position he lilled f c r two years,
tendering his resignation at the end of that
time.

With Ihe establishment of the Portland Uni-
versity, Dr. Doane was elected to the chair of
Systematic Theology, which position he still
tills, having unbounded laith in the future of
the new institution. Du.'ing his .service of forty
year* Dr. Doane has never had a vacation, leave
of absence or been off duty. He has been tho
dispenser of great spiritual benefit, has enjoyed
many revivals and added large numbers to the
church.

The Doctor and Mrs. Doane have five chil-
dren living, viz.: Osmund D., a physician and

33S

mSTOlir OF <)REGON.

lif

surgeon at the Dalles; Orviile L., a fiiriner at
V»8lion Islaiiil, I'lii^et Smiiiil ; Qiiiiin T., a lead-
ing coiitractor of Spokane; Alary I).; ami Prince
All)ert, engaged witii his i)rother Quinii at
Spokane.

Dr. Doane is the oldest minister of any de-
iioniiiiation wiio has l)een continuously con-
nected with the church work of Oregon. As
probationer or nieniher he has attended forty-
three conferences on the coast. In 1876 he was
a delegate to the General Conference at Haiti-
more, and in 1891 a delegate of the Oregon (Con-
ference to the Ecumenical Conference held at
Washington, District of Columbia. He has
addetl to the Christian literatuie of his day by
the following publications: " Infant Baptisrn
lii'ielly Considered;" "Miracles Wrought in
Autlientication of CMiristianity. not Designed to
be Perpetuated;" and, "Have Christians Ade-
quate Authority for Observing Sunday, the First
Day of the Week, as the Sabbath?"

i V. Doane and his estimable wife are in the
enjoyment of comfortable health and a peaceful,
hap|)y home, and an hour passed in their society
is tilled with soul refreshment. Their lives are
ivorthy of Christian emulation.

^^AM^^S B. WYATT, an Oregon pioneer of
J^H 1850, was born in Milton, Vermont, in
Sf^ 1828. His parents, John and Olive
(Brock) W^yatt, were natives of the State of
Vermont. John Wyatt removed his family to
Castleton, Vermont, in 1836. Occupation,
clothier. His children, three sons and two
daughters, -Fames being the youngest, all
worked more or less in the factory. Later in
life he purchased a water-|;ovvor and sawmill,
and from this on gave most of his attention to
the lumbering business.

James was educated in ('astleton Seminary,
a well-known institution, established at an early
day in the history of Vermont. lie also hel|)ed
his father in and about the sawmill and factory.
At the age of eiifhttien he engageil as clerk in
mercantile pursuits in Uydeville.

In the fall of 184S), having reached his ma-
jority, he with other friends started for the
gold mines of ('alifornia. The excitement run-
ning high just at that time, he left New York
City, as did many others, with a steamer ticket
for charges, being told that they could get
them in Panama for Sun Francisco just as well

as in New York City. lie loft the latter place
the first week in Sept(!Uiber, on steamship
(Jrescent City, spent four days in a large dug-
Oiit, with ton other jiassengers and four natives
to row, and baggag(^ on the Chagress, and one
day to walk with a good-si/.ed pack on their
backs, from Cruces to Panama. Here they
found, say, 1,800 passengers waiting the arrival
of either of the three steamers, plying between
the hitter place and San Francisco, and (juite
impossible to obtain a steainer ticket. So he
worked his passage upon the old steamer Cali-
fornia, Captain Budtl, A. B. Forbes, purser.
Later ^Ir. Forbes was agent for that steamship
company in San Francisco.

They arrived safely in San Francisco, De-
cember 5, 1849. Learning that the water was
too high for river mining, they thought best to
remain on the steamer for wages and make the
trip to Panama and back. Reached San Fran-
cisco again in February. The steamer was de-
tained at the island of Taboga, near Panama,
for repairs. Mr. Wyatt went to the mines on
the North Yuba river, also to the "Jim C'ow,"
or "Kanaka," diggings between the north and
jniddle Yuba; was also at *• Downioville." His
health failed him, so that he thought best to
return to San Francisco, on arrival at which
place he learned that his trunk had gone up in
smoke, with many others, in the June tire
(1850.) Accordingly he had to be content with
what was left of the mining outtit. His phy-
sician advising a change of climate, he em-
barked on the steamship Oregon and duly ar-
rived at Astoria, Oregon, and thence on up the
Columbia river on the small side-wheel steamer
('iilumbia to Portland, thinking it best for his
health and purse to locate in the country. He
took passage by ox team for the Tualatin phiins,
a tine farming country in Washington county,
and passed the winter with liev. J. S. (irirtin
and family near Ilillsboro. Ills health so
much imj)roved by spring that he concluded to
work a portion of Mr. Griffin's large farm that
season with another man, wlio was well up in
farming, and succeeded nicely.

In the spring of 1852 he began (dwrking for
Mr. Frank Brown in a howed-log store at For-
est (trove. Subsequently Mr. Brown sold out
and opened another store in the town of Marys-
ville, now Corvallis. Again selling out he re-
turned east. Mr. Wyatt remaining with him up
to this time, but returned to Portland in 1856,
securing a position in the well-known whole-

HISTORY OP OREGON.

83S

sale lionse of Allen & Lewis. In the fall of
1S57 lie returned to Vermont for a visit to liis
i)iirents. His inotiier iunnfr in poor health, lie
remained Ionian- than he had piaiined for, Imt
eventnaliv retn-ned to clerkin<r again for Allen
A' Lewis In Portland. In 1865 he was married.
lie remained with that house until the sum-
mer of 1808, when with his wife lie niailc a
visit to his old home in Vermont, via the Pan-
ama route, lie returned to Portland the fol-
lowing February liy the same route.

Thinking best to start a business for himself,
lie bought a hardware inisiness in Albany, and
added to it the office of Wells, Fargo & Go.'s
express business, he acting as agent. Si.\ years
afterwanl he closetl this business, with an eye
to bettering himself if possible, and in duo
time located in Astoria. At this time he is
one of the prominent business men of that
city by the sea, a dealer in hardware, ship-
chiindlery and groceries. '

He has one child, a son, J. C. Wyatt, now of
age and a clerk in the well-known drug store of
Dr. O. P. S Pluinmer in Portland. During
Mr. Wyatt's residence in Portland, he was
prominently connected with the musical circles.
lie conducted the choir in the First Presbyte-
rian (Jhurcli for yers, and also for six years the
Portland Pliilharinonic Society, with credit to
himself and perfect satisfaction to the society,
who presented him with several liandeoine
souvenirs commemorative of their high esteem
of his efficient service. He is very popular
among the lovers of music in that city. Music
has been the past-time in Mr. Wyatt's life,
though in no sense has it interfered with his
business relations, which he earnestly and coii-
iseientionsly pursues.

•ILLIAM H. EWIN, M. D., one of . the
prominent physicians of Union City,
was born in Warren county, Missouri,
May 1, 1868, and was the fifth child in a family
of seven children born to Henry G. and Martha
P. (i'ritchett) Kwin, both natives of Missouri,
now living at Indepeinlenee, in their native
State. The father is a bookkeeper by occnpa-
tion, and of his family the following are still
living, namely; Dr. Charles E. Ewin, now prac-
ticing medicine at Independence, Missouri;
Myra W., a teacher in the High School of Inde-
iii

pendence; Joseph, Sarah M., and William II.

After our subject had litted himself at the
common schools he entered the Wuodlaiid Uni-
versity at Independence, Missouri, and atteiideil
there a short time; he then commenced to read
medicine under his brother. Dr. (!. E. Ewin,
and worked in a drug store to get means to at-
tend lectures. After he completed his studies
he attended the Medical University at Kansas
(Jity and received his diploma March 18, 18<J1,
gi'aduating in a class of tliirty with high honors.
He commenced jn-actice in IndependeiK^e, but
only remained there a short time, concluding to
try a now country. His choice fell upon Union
county for his future home. He landed in Cove.
Union county, in 18!Jl,and remained there until
April, 18U2, when he removed to Union, same
county. In Cove he workid up a good practice,
and it was only to enlarge his territory of use-
fulness that he made the change. He now does
a practice of $3110 per month, and is the leading
physician of Union.

Although the Doctor had a hard time to get
through his medical studies on account of lack
of means, he was enabled to do so by the kind-
ness of his sister, and now he is in a position to
repay her kindnesses with interest. Dr. Ewin
is nicely situated on Main street, in the city of
Union, in a neat little office, where everyone is
well treated, whether rich or poor. Dr. Ewin
has a comfortable living, and fair prosjiects of
becoming one of the wealthy men of this sec-
tion.

^g^..E=#^^

^^€-1

kON. J. W. MERRITT.— There is probably
no name more familiar to the people of
Jackson county than that of J. W. Mer-
ritt. He has been a resident of the county since
1875, and during his residence in the State has
figured prominently in the educational history
of .Jackson cou?'*y. He was born in Syracuse,
New York, lie grew up, inured to the hard-
ships of farm I'fe, being a self-educated man.
He attended the i 'tate Normal School at Oswego,
New York, graduating in 1875, and in the same
year accepted a call from the Jackson county
school board and caine here under contract. On
his arrival at .f acksonville he at once took charge
of the school ami filled the position of Princi-
pal for ten successive years. At the end of that
tiu'.e heongaged in mercantile business until 1889
when he established himself at Central Point,

3;!4

HISTORY Oh' OltKOON.

wlini'c liecarries ii woll-aelectt'd stoyk of all kinds
of iiiercliaiulist*, except lianlware. He is coii-
Bidfioil. by tlioM- ill a nositinn to know, one of
tlie most eiiterprisiiij; iind pi'ojfressix-o biiiiiness
men ill saiitiii'in <>re),'oii. Many of the enter-
prises in roiitic'ctioii with wiiicli lie is duly en-
titled to praise iiitift in' omitted in this brief
sketch from the fact hiat lie deelines to be in-
terviewed, on these an<l kindred subjects, as he
does not seek notoriety in any form; however, it
is but just to that gentleman that we should
ineiitioii some of the important enterprises with
which he has been connected. He is one of the
Htockhuldersundsiicrctary of the Southern ()reii;on
Lumber and Mann fact iirint; (Company, ii „or-
porated in 1890. The plant is operated by steam
power and has a yearly output of $10,000 worth
of material, while the capital stock consists of
the same amount. He is one of the directors
and members of the Jackson (louiity Airricnl-
tnral Association with a capital stock of §*^,0()0.
Mr. ]V[erritt has shown his faith in the future
prosperity of Central I'oiiit by making invest-
ments there in property. He has always been
a Republican. He has been a member of the
State r.ejfislatiire for two yoars ))ast. and June
Hi. 18!>2, was airaiii elected on tlie same ticket,
dearly demonstrating his popularity in thocoin-
iiiuiiity, as the county is lar<;ely Democratic.
He is certainly a man of more than ordinary ex-
ecutive abilit}', as we are informed by his towns-
men that, through his energetic efforts he suc-
ceeded in piissing through the Legislature a fran-
chise in favor of the Sugar, I'ine. Flume and
Lumber Company, over the (iovernor's veto.
Owing to Mr. Merritt's objection to any matter
whicli might be misconstrued into iKjtoriety we
are compelled to leive much important matter
untold ill this sketch, but deem it prudent and
in justice to the community to at least place his
name in the category to which it justly belongs.

P. MAriTVN,the popular proprietor
of Hentoii county [ilaning mill, is a
I* native of Cornwall county, England,
■where he was Horn September 3, 1835. His
parents, Charles and Lucy (Pope) Martyn. were
both natives of Cornwall. They hail five children,
of whom the subject of onr sketch was the eld-
est. The parents are both now dead.

Mr. Martyn received a liberal education, and

entered tiio apprenticeship to his trade in his
early teens, under the 8U|)ervision of his father,
who was a thorough carpenter and joiner. The
son soon gave great jiromise of excelling in this
trade, which he has successfully followed ever
since.

In 1855 Mr. Martyn left his native country
and went to Canada, where he remained but a
short time, but soon after removed to Ottawa,
La Salle county, Hlinois, where he followed his
trade until 1801. About this time he went to
Douglass county, Kansas, and located in the city
of Lawrence, where he remained until 1876.

He then (^ame to California in that year, and
for the first three yeniB following resided in San
Francisco. In 1878 he came to Harrisburg.
Liiiii county. Oregon, ami in 1887 moved to (Jor-
vallis, Henton county, where, in 1888, he estab-
lished his present mill. The building for this
was at Krst designed for the mannfai-tuie of hay
presses, of Mr. .Martyii's own design, which he
manufactured for one year, when the building
Was arranged to accommodate machinery for a
planing mill, for which purpose it has since l)een
conducted. The plant is thoroughly eijuipped
with all the necessary machinery of the xcry latest
and most improved pattern which is required in a
tirst-cMass mill, an<l turns out everything usually
made at planing mills, such as doors, windows,
brackets, frames, together with all kinds of
mouldings, etc. He is the sole projirietor, and
superintends it in person. i?eing aneiiiinently
skilled mechanic, and giving his whole atten-
tion to the biioiness, he is enabled to furnish
material to contractors at the lowest com|)etiitg
prices, antl all work turned out is warranted to
be as represented, both in ipiantity and quality.
He has thus gained a reputation for reliability,
which has greatly enlarged his trade, which ex-
tends to a considerable distance among the peo-
ple of the surronnding country.

Mr. Martyn was married on May 3, 18(53, in
Lawrence, Kansas, to Miss Emma Perry, an es-
timable lady, and a native of England. They
have five children living: Charles W., Annie,
John F., Emma and Jennie; two daughters died
in infancy.

In politics Mr. Martyn is a Republican, al-
though ho takes no active interest in political
matters, other then desiring the best interests
of his country and State subserved.

Ho is highly esteemed in his community as
an honorable, intelligent .vnd progressive busi-
ness man and a worthy citizen.

nisrOBl' OF OHKOOS.

•i\V,

ity.
lity,

ex-
peo-

ii)

es-

They

iiiie,

(liwl

fOlIN T. DONNELLY, of liiiker City, Oie-
^011, one of the most lii,!j;lily rcspecteil unci
nipidly I'isinij; yoiitijj; men of tliis place, was
born lit New Hope, Ihu^ks connty. J'eniiBylva-
iiia, Marc-li 21, 1801, liis piironts lieinir natives
ol' Irelanil, wlio came to this conntry when (jnite
young. Tiie father, at tiie outbreak of the lie-
bijliion, enlisteil in a Pennsylvania regiment and
Serveil until hid death in 18(i;3 Previously he
had married Miss I[aninih Thornton, wiu) bore
him one child, our subject, thtdr married life
having been l)rief. .lolin's educational advan-
tages were very good, he, after attending the
public schools of Pennsylvania, going, sncces-
sivL'ly to the seminaries at Westchester, New
York, anil at Doylestown, Pennsylvania. Being
full of ambition, he. at the age of 6evei'.(een.
started for the far-off" I'aciHc coast, reaching
liaker (Mty in 1878. When Im bought his
ticket he made the mistake of taking it for
Hoise City instead of Baker City, 8up|)0sing the
two were neighboring jjlaces. Periuiless when
he reached the former place, he related the facts
to the superintendent of the road, who kindly
gave him a pass to the place of his clcstination.

Our subject taught a winter school, and in
tlie month of .Inly, 187U, went into a |)rinting
office to learn that trade, remaining until 1882,
when 1)0 leased one-half of the Democrat office,
being associated with Mrs. Shepard, he becom-
ing editor. He remained here until July, 1884,
when he fcjrmed a co-partnership with D. L
Asbury, the firm buying the Grant County
News, at Canon City. This association con-
tinned until September, 1885, when he sold his
interest and returned to Baker City.

After a brief rest he went to book-keeping
and to work in the express oflice; in 188(5 was
in the grocery business with Frank Clarke, sell-
ing out to him in the fall of 1887; was elected
City Auditor and Police .fudge, holding that
position one year; then engaged as book-keeper
with Basche & Co., resigning that position to
enter the real-estate business, which he con-
tinues to pursue in addition to his other duties.
In July, 1891), ho was elected Justice of the
Peace for Baker City, and in November, 1890,
was elected member of the City Council. In
July, 1892, he accepted a position as book-
keepar in the First National Bank of Baker
City, where he is still engaged.

John T. D.)nnelly was married .Fune22, 1882,
to Mis* Mary Small, of Bilker City, daughter of
Samuel and Francos Small, and born in Califor-

nia in 18()2. One child, .lames, born November
2."). 1883, is the hajijjy result of this union.

A man of decided i^u-rgy and integrity, all
of Mr. Donnelly's enterpi'ises since he carne to
Baker (Jity have met with success, the nice resi-
dence he occupies on Valley avenue and other
|iropert,y interests in the city being the accumu-
lations of his own hands. He is popular on all
hands, and ntujuestiouably has a bright future
before him. All the oflices of his home lodge
of Knights of I'ythias as well as some of the
grand lodges of the State have been tilled by
him. Our subject is a recognized leader in the
Democratic party.

-^^€(j

'k^-^^

foriN GORDON BAKER, deceased, a
widely known and highly respected ami
esteemed Oregon pioneer of 1843. and the
first person to settle in Yam Hill co\inty, be-
tween the North and South Yam Ilill rivers,
was a native of Kentucky, where he was born
October 17, 1818. His people were early set-
tlers of that State, and his father was a brave
and efficient soldier in the iievolution.

The subject of our sketch was raised on his
father's farm in Kentucky, attending the schools
in the vicinity. At the age of ninetecTi he re-
moved to Missouri, where, on October 9, 1839,
he was married to Miss Catharine Blevins. a
native of that State, where she was born June 1,
1S23. She was a daughter of Mr. David Blev-
ins, a highly esteemed resident of Missouri, who
was descended from one of the first families of
Virginia.

After their marri.age the young couple set-
tled on a farm in Missouri where two sons were
born, Henry Columbus and .Tames David.

In 1843, with these two little ones, the
elder three years and the younger not yet one
year of age, the parents started on the long and
perilous journey- across the plains to Oregon,
lured by the liberal donations of land given by
the Government to actual settlers in that State.
They formed a part of the first wagon train
that ever had come through to Oregon, and were
the first to demonstrate that the journey could
be accomplished. Crossing mountains and ford-
ing streams, and cutting their own road through
the wild and unsettled country was an Hercu-
lean task. Ropes were tied to wagons and
lowered down the mountain sides. Six long

HtKI

HWTOUY dh' tillKdOS.

'& \\ • «

inunthri Hiiil nine diiyK were coneiiiiuMi on the
way lieforc tlicy lirmlly rt'iu'lit'd x\w Dulles,
wlieie, on Novcnilicf ',(. {H\'A, Mr. linker wiis
taken ill with typhoid fever, and prostrated
with that disease, lie was brought to Van-
couver, where for months he litiirored, hut
Hnaliy recovered. i?y this time tlieir means
Were exhausted, and the outlook was t'xceed-
injfly dark, Kut, in their iiour of need, the llud-
soh Hay (Company trusted them with provinicins,
iind tlius they W'ere tidi^l over the shallows of
MiistVirtuiu'. finally iMueriring into the broad sea
of jirosperity, and had tli« pleasure of liquidat-
inir all indebtedness.

in the sprint; of l.Sl-4 Mr. I'aker made a tour
throuifh the ccMintry, looking for a location,
tinally selei^ini; a donation claim in Yarn Hill
county, which now adjoins the city of ^[eMinn-
ville on the north. It was u beautiful tract of
land of ti40 acres, and as i)e had his choice of
the wliole county, it is believed that he selected
this because ofaclearand beautiful little stream
of water which traversed it, which was after-
ward called iJaker creek. The family and their
few belongings were brought up the Willamette
river u?itil they reached a point o])posite to
where [..a Fayette now stands, where they bor-
rowed an o.x team and sled of Mr. .Jordon llern-
bren, with wiiich to make the journey to their
claim. On arriving at Yam Hill river the o.\en
were detached from the sled ami were made to
swim across the stream, while ^[r. Baker placed
the sled on a log which lay across the water,
a'lil pulled it across by hand, thus exemplify-
ing the fact of the near relation existing Ijetween
iiecessity and invention. Arriving at the claim
a small tent was erected in which they camped
while .Mr. I'aker was building the log cabin.
ThecMbin had no windows, but plenty of light
canu- throu<;h lietw(>eu the logs, and the open-
inif, which served as a door, was closed by a
qnilt luing up before it. Thus ci>nimenced in
earnest tlieir frontier life, subsisting; on the
plainest fare and enduring with fortitude all
the discomforts and hardships incidental to this
settlement in a wild and unsettled country.
Thus situated, the devoted wife and mother
would remain alone with her little boys for a
week at a time, with no protection except a
trusty rifle, which, however, she conid use, and
would have used if necessary, while Mr. liaker
went to the nearest settlement to procure pro-
visions. With the borrowed team a small patch
of ground was j)lowed, where they made a little

garden, an<l when his oxen were brought fron>
Dalles, .Mr. Maker plowed more land and sowed
wheat.

The gold excitement in Oalifornia tinally
lured Mr. Uaker, with all the other men in the
vicinity, to the mini's, and this heroic woman
was left alone with her children on the wild
prairies. ii> 'he miilst of Indians and wild ani-
mals. Mr. I'aker secured only about !;;!2()0 in
gold dust, when he U-came ill, and was ^\m\ to
return alive, and give his attention to his farm-
ing interests.

Being public-spirited and progressive, he was
deeply intereste<l in the affairs of hi.-i county
and State, and took an active |)art in the form-
ative stage of l>oth. He was elected the first
Slierifi'of the county, serving; acce|tiably in that
capacity for several years. 'I'his position at
that time required great courage and excellent
ju<lgment, both of which ho proved himself to
possess in ample ([uantities. His agricultural
interests also pros|)ered, and fnini time to time
he purchased other lands, and tinally built a
large and comfortable house which superseded
the log cabin of pioneer days.

Five children were added to the family ir)
(Jregon: William 1)., who is now a physician
in Astoria; Sarah Elizabeth, who died in I860,
aged eiirhteen; Morgan Alexander, an able law-
yer in Seattle; (Jrandville, residing in McMinn-
ville, for an extt<nded sketch of whom, see his-
tory in this book; Mary Ann, wife of Dr.
William 11. Boyd, who resides in Albina.

In 18«1 Mr." Baker retired from the farm,
leaving CJrandvillc to manage it. and purchased a
cosy home in McMinnville, where, in peaceful
enjoyment, he and his noble wife lived on the
ample means which their industry and econ-
omy of early days had accnmulateil, surrounded
by neighbors whose friendship was sincere and
lasting, and whose esteem was most worthily
bestowed and ai'dently returned.

Later in life Mr. Baker l>ecame atHicted with
a complication of diseases, which, at his ad-
vanced years. batHed the skill of his physicians,
and tiindly culminated in his death, on March
•t, 1H87. leaving numerous friends to mourn his
loss. For forty-tliree years he had been an es-
teemed resident of the county, in the affairs of
which he took a prominent and creditable part,
contributing by his energy and intluence, which
were always exerted on the side of justice and
progression, in im small degree to the prosper-
ity which his county and his State now enjoy.

uimronr oi'' (uikoon.

a»

In appreciation of iiis diHiiiturestecl motive!) niui
iihlc services to the public cause, iiiscurniiiuiiity
ami t'rieniis souj^ht, in j^reat iimnlmrH, to pay u
lasf triitute of respect to iiis intMnory, and the
iinniensti ('oncoursc of followers to his last rest-
ing; place was un|irnci'(lent(,'il.

Mrs. Baker, the t'aitlitul ])artner for forty-
ei^lit years of her liunliand's earus and joys,
and who contriiiuted in a very great nieayuru to
his success in life, iiotli by her industry aM<l
siistainini; atte(^tion, nsides in the pleasant
home, where she parted for tiie last lime with
all tliat was mortal of her life-Ion^ companion.
The broad and btviutiful acres on which nlie
jind her husband and little boys settled in 1843,
etill behpMg to the family, and have become a
very valuable piece id' property. Mrs. Halcer is
in the tMijoynieiit of ^ood health, and has an
active mind, and recalls most vividly the stir-
rinjr events of their lonfj journey across the
plains and incidents |iertainin^ tt) their early
settlement in their frontier home, and feels that
the results of their Im/.ardous undertakinif have
amply repaid them for all the toil and depriva-
tions of early life.

tE. BRYAN, a prominent resident of La
Grande, Union county, ()refj(jn, was
* born in Hendricks county, Iniliana, Sep-
temlior 14, 1S41. His father, James M. Mryan,
was born in Hourhoii county, Kentucky, and
married Miss Elizabeth Sharp, a native of Ten-
nessee, the mother of our subject; they moved
to Indiana and opened up a farm in the beech
woods near New Winchester, where our sub-
ject was born and partly raised. Mr. Bryan
moved prior to the war to Missouri, settlinj^
first in (Miarriton county, near Brunswick,
afterward moving to Linn county, where Mrs.
Bijan died in imQ, and Mr. Bryan in 1879.
They raised a family of eii.;lit children, five boys
and three j^irls, our subject being the fourth
boy and the sixth child in the family. Young
Bryan started in business life as a school
teacher, in the public schools of his county;
later he was appointed Deputy Sheriif and
served in that capacity for the term of two
years. P^or a short time he was in the army,
and later served as First Lieutenant in the
Sixty-second Uegiment of State Militia, for a
term of two years. After the close of the war
he went to Bates county, where he enj^aged in

the mercantile business until 1880, when ho
came to Oregon, stoppi g in La (irande, where
he has since resideij. iMgaging in the hardwa^'o
business until 18UU, when he sold out, and has
since that time been engaged in real estate ind
other interests, aiirinjf wliicli is the brick ami
till! business. lie is a large property owner in
La Grande, having some valual)l(' biisiiu'rs prop-
erty, a niiMiber of tenement houses, and one of
the finest residences in the city, besides a val-
uable timber limit on Vancouver Island in Urit
ish (Columbia.

Mr. I'.ryan has been very successful in all his
busiiu's^ undertakings; having started as a poor
boy with a burse, bridle and -addle and >io(i, he
has iiy his industry and energy accumulated a
nice little fortune of at least ^50,0' 10, and is
now at the age when he c.nu enjoy the fruits of
his liibor.

The mai'riage of oursubject oecurred in 1867,
ot Miss Addie Williams, who was born in Pal-
myra, Missouri.

.Mr. and .Mrs. liryan have been the b tpp\ par-
ents of three children, one of whoiri. Oscar .\.,
died in infiiTicy; the living are, IMgar J. and
Addie E., who are at home with their parents.
Ml'. Bryan has ahvays been a free-liearted,
generou- gentleman, ready to give a helping
hand t,> every pul)lic enterj)ri»o and to aid in
relie ing the distress of the needy. He is a
stanch liepublican, a prominent member of the
Presbyterian Church, ami is a member of the
Masonic fraternity.

♦^

fllARLES IL DUNCAN.— Our subject is
one of the live and progressive business
nicn of Baker City, (Jregon, whose long
residence there ought to place him in the ranks
of the |)ioneers of the State; probably ho would
be so reckoned but for the fact that he is a
young man. lie was [torn in Galawa cxjunty,
Missouri, March 9, 1854, his father, Frederick
Duncan, having been born in Kentucky, in
1815. The ancestors of our subject were Vir-
ginians. His father married Miss Annie Gib-
son and then removed to Missouri, and in 18t)4,
when our subject was but ten years old, crossed
the plains and found a houia in Union county,
Oregon, where he followed the calling of a
farmer, and finally died in 1878, at the age of
sixty-three years, his wife having prcvio lad

"ir

888

HlaruHY OF OHKUoy.

Iiiiii, |m«.>iMi^ iiwiiy in 1^00. She lioro lu'i liiiw-
hiiiiil ten fliildri'ii, <»!' wIhmii our siilijfi't wiin the
lij;tli.

Clmrli'd 11. Diiiu'iiii rcci'ivi'd a liinitiid (mIiicu
tioii. it liciiij,' i'i'.>tricti'(l t(t the country kcIiooIs
of tin; count)' wliure In; i^rew up, tin; mil htrug-
gle for a 8n})|iort iK'jjinninir oiiilv. Urnsliini;
iii;«iii»t the worh) liid him uood, for witii strouti
niilurnl l)iij-iMt'ss shrewdness lie soon found oli-
poitunities for tuinin;? over money. It did not
take iiiin lon^' to tind out that those who e\-
jieeted hilp must f^o to themselves lor it. The
viiiue of money lie found out tor himselt'. So,
while u yuung mini, he JH wealthy, with the liutit
of prospcctH (d' greatly adding to his stores. A
shareholiler in the Sanger mine, one of the l>t;st
in the county, he >old opportunely and realii!(!d
!?4(»,0()() for it With his hnither he was
owner of a laitje llouiing mill in I'aker (!ity,
which hurned down and entailed a Icjss of
Si7,t)00; lint this did not cast hiniMowii in any
way.

Our suhject was n.arried May (5. 18'Jl, to
Miss Hertha. daughter of F)<lward Reynolds,
one of the t'orty-niiK.'rs, he being on one of the
first steamboats to run up tlu^ ( 'oliimliia river.
Mr. Reynolds is a native of New York, and lias
a large family of tine sons and daiigliti'rs in
Raker <'ity, where he resides. Mi-^. Duncan is
a native of Raker City, having been born there
in 1872.

Mr. hnncaii \a a prominent member of tho
■Ancient Order of United Workmen. He \»
very prominent in polities, and exerts a wide
intliience in the R('|inblican party, lie having
received the nomination of that party for the
Legislature and was elected in 1892. Mr.
I>uncan\s popularity is not confined, however,
to any party or organization, but readies all
classes of people in the city and county. He is
sociable, amiable, intelligent, generous and
public-s])iriteil, and his leadersliij) is readily ai;-
knowledged as merited.

— '^m

m^^^~

f\l. TAYLOR iN. SNOW, widely and favor-
ably known throughout the Northwest as
a physician and surgeon of ability, but
particularly notable as the' inventor of the
•• I)ream Register," one of the most marvelous
pieces of mechanism extant, also an interesting
writer and tluent speaker, was born July 4,

18*55. llirt fiither was born in Moston, in 175K,
ami served in the Revoliitionarv war from the
winter of 1777 "78 to 1783, when hostilities
ceased by treaty, lie also fought in tlie war of
1IS12, under (ieiioral W. II. Harrison. He
married, in 18;ti*, Miss Liiey Hickman, h lineal
descendant of the founder of Ilickuian, Ken-
tucky, where her birth occurred in l^tOO. She
died in INUo, thus leaving an infant to the care
of lior bereavccl husband, who survived her
until 18:)4.

I)r. Snow was reared iinlil seven years of age
by bis grandparents on his mother's side. At
the ago of eight, he sustained an injury, which
resulted in liij)-joint disease, during which timo
he attended a little log school-house for about
two weeks. From the age of eight to sixteen
years, he worked his jiassage on United States
St igo coaches to every important (tity then in
till United Sli.tes; ami made bis way in like
manner on ships to Liverpool, .Marseilles, Alex-
anilria, Oonstantinojile, Cairo, Calcutta, Singa-
pore, Siagon, Sydney, Melbourne, Acapiiico,
Lima, Santiago, Ruenos Ayres, Rio Janiero,
and other seaport towns of North ami South
America.

Returning to his native land, he snidied
theology for the Methodist ministry, with
I'ishop Lniery. of Illinois, from 1851 to 1850,
diirini; which time he tautrlit school for about
nine months in the Rrairii; State. He also at-
tended Asbury, now l)e I'aiiw, University, and
took two courses of medical lectures at Louis-
ville, Kentucky, coniineiicing the jiractice of
medicine before he was twenty-one years old.
From 1856 to 1858, he practiced his profession
in Indiana and Illinois, excepting six months
spent in tra'.-eling through different States, and
delivering lectures and charts on phrenology
and physiology. He taught scliool from 1858
to 1859 in Polk county, Iowa, starting in the
latter year from Des Jloines, that State, for
Santa Rosa, California, going on foot all the
way. At Salt Lake City he met his cousin,
Rill Hickman, the destroying angel. At Inde-
pendence Rock, Wyoming, he was appointed a
coinmittee of one to invite Mr. (ireeley to de-
liver a Fourth-of-July oration, who declined for
lack of time. Dr. Snow participated in the
Indian massacre on Sublet's ('nt Off and Raft
river, and met (ieneral .lohnston and army go-
ing East with tlie remains of the Mountain
Meadow massacre. At Sacramento, California,
he sold two buffalo robes to Hon. Leland Stan-

Jii.-iToii) oA' oumioy.

auu

fiinl, mill friMii tin- rei'iMptst of l\u: hhIh (iii]]
Hiioiif '^'■l ill nttendiiii^ thi^ Stiitt^ l''iiir, tlirn in
niiiMrcss ill Siu'i'iiinciilii. Afout iimi iiIbd iiloiic,
iiiiiiiis cdiit liiiil Kliiiert (witii nliirtrt iiml jmiitH not
of u <lii(l(! piittcni). ho wt'Milt'(l liirt wiiy t(i Siintii
liosH, lieiiiif purt of tlie wuv depeiuloiit ini tiie
kiiicinoKn of Btraii^crs tor food him! Hliclter.

From 18(10 to 18(t4 lio practiecd iiiLMlicine
ill ooiiiiectioii witii i\u: driiir iiusincss in San
PriinciMco, cxceprinj; one y^^nr. when he wan
Asuistaiit Snrj^eini in t'le (,'ity and (loiiiity lloa-
pitai. During tiiat time ho attoiidud two
coiii'sus of iiiedical lectures at tile Cooper Medi-
cal CVdlega.

In tliP spring of 18t)4 he went to Idaho,
wliitiier the gold excitement "as attractin;^
many, and was appointed liy.iie (loveriior, Hon.
(Jaleli \i. Lyons, to the iiosition of (Virotier and
I'hysieian I'f Altiiras coiinty. In the winter (if
18t»4 'fl5 tile Doctor atteniled a course of nied-
icai liK'.tiires at tin; ('alifornia State Tniversity.
He KjM'iit 18()r) anil 1806 in the practice of med-
icine in Corvallis, Uenton county, Oregon.
From 18()7 to 1875 lie was Coroner and I'liy-
eiciaii of Maker county, Oregon, acting at the
same time as Surgeon of tlie Idaho and Oregon
Stage (!oinpany, at Uaker ('ity, that State. He
spent 1875 in Siisanvillo, California, in tiie
practice of medicine. In 187(! he attended
medical lectures at (Jnoper Medical (College, nt
which he graduated Novetiilier 2, 187(). He
now holds certi*icate.s t'roni the Eclectic Medical
Society of California, received July 20, 1870;
from the California State Hoard of Medical
E.vaininers, received July 8, 1881; and from
the State Hoard of Medical K.xaminers of Ore-
gon, in 1802. From 1870 to 1880 he prac-
ticed medicine in Iteiio, Nevada, excepting two
moiitiis spent in Hodie, California. From 1880
to the snminer of 1881, he practiced medicine
ill (Tunnison City, Colorado, during which time
lie was Surgeon for Harlow & Sanderson's Stage
Company, and Surgeon, with the rank of Major,
on the staff of Hrigadier-Geiieral Curtis, of the
Colorado State Militia. From the fall of 1881
to 1884 lie practiced medicine in Rellevue,
Idaho, where he acted as Health Officer. From
then to the present n.892) he has practiced his
profession in Baker City, Oregon, where he has
lield the office of United States Examining Sur-
geon since 1882. He was for more than six
years the Surgeon of two railroads. In 1887
lie was on the staff of Major General H.
B. Coinpston, Oregon State Militia, with rank

of IJentenant-Colonel. He has also lieen en-
gaged ill mining, ditches, sireef railway, and
oilier cnteriirisi's.

In the midst of these niiineroii.'i profe.-.'<ional
duties and liniiors, he hai fuiind time to invent
a curious inacliiiiu for the registering of dreams,
one of the most wonderful inventions of the
times.

Ill- i.< at the present time in good standing
ill the following orders; Ordi • Knights ( 'oiii-
maiider of tlii' Snii, liidi'|iendent Onh-r of
Odd Fellows, Ancient Order of United Work-
men, Woodmeii of the World, and Order of
Caucasians.

He was married March 15, iStJi), to Susan
Alice (Jhandler, daughter of Hon. (Charles
('handler, of Oregon. They have three smis.
agi'ii thirteen, eighteen unil twenty.

Dr. Snow has a large and lucrative jinicticc,
having performed some of the most ditliciilt
surgical operations known tt- the mr'dical |)ro-
fessioii, and is deservedly popular with lii^ fol-
low IIIHII.

^»-<S*^1«®<^*:

SOUTLAND UNI VF:RSITY'.— With the
rapid development of the Northwest and
the demand of the people for higher educa-
tion, it was deemed expedient by the progress-
ive element of the Methodist Church to found
an institution of learning"in the city of Port-
land, the commercial center of the Northwest,
commensurate with her increased population
and rapid development.

After taking the preliminary steps of agita-
tion and discussion, a call was issued December
22, 1890, signed by the pastors of the Method-
ist Churches of Portland, addressed to the
Methodists of that city and vicinity, to assemble
for counsel and general expression. At that
meeting committees on incorporation and site
were appointed and immediate action was
decided upon. December 29, 1890, a meeting
01 the incor|)orators was held and a temporary
organization, was effected with Rev. Ross C.
Houghton, president, and llev. G. M. Pierce, sec-
retary. This was followed December 30 by the
adopting of by-laws and a permanent organiza-
tion, with Rev. Ross ('. Houghton as president
and T. A. Wood as vice president; William
Masters as treasurer, and P. L. Willis, secretary.

■m

■H

:H0

jusTouy uF uiiKdoy.

.\ ii

At tliiK incclliig llcv. (;. M. I'iiTW ofri'i'cil tlie
lollowiiif^ i-cMiliitioii, wliicli wiis iniaiiiiiKiiisly
ii.lopt'd: li(Hii|v(.(l, Tliiit tlic lifv. (). (;. Ktnit-
toti, A. M.. I). IX, of Siil(!iii. ('ruf^oii, 1)1), iiiid
lici'C'liy is, itiviteil to lU'wpt llie prnHidcttcy ot the
I'drlliiinl Uiiiveriiity, ainl rt'ijiiesteil to so diriiet
ami iii!iiiMif(; its alTairH tliat it inay optsii its
liiills for iiifiti-iiction at tlie liei;iiiiiinf); of tlie
eomiiii^ Kcliool yi'iir. in Suptoiiibur, 18iU. Jaii-
iiiiiv lo, l^yi, in .icciirilaiici; with the articles
of iiicoi-poratioii, tiie full coiiipleiiient of thirty-
four trustees was eleeteii. lion. 11. W. Srott,
eiiitor of the Ore^onian, was ehicted president of
the hoard; iVof. 0. llonirhton, 1). D., vice
president; S^'nator I*. I.. Will';, secretary, and
flames Steel, ])resident of the Merchants' National
l!ank, treasurer.

I'ortsmoutli, now I'nive'-sity Park, was
selecteil as the site of the ])rop()ted nniversity.
At this meeting (,'. ('. Stratton, J. W. Unslionji
and 'I'lionnis \'an Scoy were appointeil a commit-
tee to pi'ociue lejjislation prohihitiiig the sale
of spirituous or malt liquors iw.m any institu-
tion of leaniiii^ in the State. They were suc-
cessful in securinir an act prohihitino such sale
within one mile from the university cam|)Us.
The institution opened its tir>t term in Univer-
sity Hall, corner of Tenth and ^[ain streets,
Portland, Monday. Septemher 14, 1891. One
hundred students re)j;istered the first, week, and
durinu; the second term 'd' the first year the
reoisti'ation reached '.ioll.

hurino the first coJIefje year there were con-
necteil with the univer>ity the regular academic
and underjrradtiate departments and the pre-
])aratory school in theology, innsioand husiness.
Schools of law, art, metiieine and enjriileerine;
are ex]iected soon to he formed. The ain\ is to
make the Portlan<l liiivcrMty one of the repre-
sentative universities of America. University
Park is within the limits oi the city of Portland
and issituated on a platean known as the Willam-
ette Columhia Peninsula, !")() feet above the ad-
jacent rivers and overlooking both. Seventy-five
acres have heen secured as a campus, from which
can lie seen the snow-capped mountains of Hood,
St. Helens, Ad.ims and Ranier, besides lon^
reaches of the (lascade rani;e frcun which they
rise. The Willamette lioulovard passes the
campus on one side, while on the other the
Willamette river affords passage to the coni-
meive of the world. West Hall, a atone and
brick buildinir, 85 \ 130 feet, five stories high,
and costing !^4t),U(K), is already completed.

Other buildings of similar proportions are now
in iirocess of erection.

tnAilLMS CAKKOLL STUATTOX, A.
M., I). D.. Presiilent of I'ortland Utiiver-
sity. Portland, Oregon, was born in Mans-
tield, Tioga county, Pennsylvania, in 1833, and
is of Puritan ancestry.

His father. Curtis 1'. Stratton, descended
from New Haven (I'onnecticutj stock, and was
by occupation a miller and millwright. His
mother, whoi-e maiden name was Adams, was a
cousin of John Qiiiney .\dams. Through the
large advances of flour to the Colonial army
and the stringency of (iovernment finance, his
ancestors were entirely ruined during the liev-
oiutionary w^ar. He nuirried La\inia Fitch, a
ruitive of Vermont. Some tin)e after their mar-
riage they settled in Tioga county, Pennsylvania,
where the subject of this sketch was born. In
1837 the family went west and took up their
abode in ^ladison, Indiana, where the father
still worked as a millwright, in lS52, accom-
panied by his son. U. E. Stratton, a lavvyer, he
emigruted by water around Cape Horn to Ore-
gon. The father located a donation claim in
Douglas county, while the son established him-
self in the practice of law in Kosehiirg, sid)se-
(pientiy being elected to the honorable position
of .ludgeof the (Circuit and Supreme Courts,
and tilling the otKce for eight years, until his
death in 18t)(). In 1854 (,'harles C. Stratton,
with his mother and eicrht brothers and sisters,
crossed the plains to Ortigon and joined the
father on his farm in Douglas county. F.,ater,
tin; family removed to Salem, the ca[)itrtl of the
State, where the senior Mr. Stratton died in
1872. His wife survived him until 1889, when
she died at the ag<! ot eiglity seven years.

The early education of C C. Stratton was de-
rived from the farin and the district schoola of
Indiana. At the age of lifteen years he entered
the counting room of a large wholesale house in
Madison, where he acquired a valuable business
education and pursued his classical studies as
opportnnitv permitted. From early boyhood
Mr. Stratton was drawn toward tiie ministry,
and upon his arrival in (Oregon he entered Will
amotte University and completed the sopho-
more course, the faculty at that time not being
full enough to advance him furthev. He then

HISTORY OF OKEdOX.

841

eiitoriMl till' iiiiiiistry iiiid |niisiU'(l his collogi;
I'ourse ill coniiuctioii tliercwith.

After ten years as jiastor sit Diilliis. Rose-
hurj;, .linikboiiville, Oiympiu, I'ortliiiul ami
8iik'rn, where his work whs ciiiiiiently suecess-
i'lil, he returned in 1^(58 to tiie Wiliiiniette Uni-
versity, |iiisse(l liis exiiniiiiation iuid seeurecl the
honoraliie degree of A. H. In 1M)7 he was in-
strumental in liuilding the Tavlor Street
Mi!thudist Cliiireh in Portland. iVi'ter jjassinj;
his examination at the university, as above
stated, he was elected to the eliair of natural
science in that institution, but dtelined to serve.
He was suhse(iuentl> elected a delegate to the
'General (Jonferencf! .vliich met in i'rooklyn.
New York, in 1872. This he attended. The
following autumn he was appointed to tlie pas-
torate at 8alt Lake City, where he passed three
years, lie was then transferred to the First
Methodist (/hurcli at San Jose, (California, and
spent two years there. In 1877 \\i'. v,as elected
I*resid(.nt of the university of the I'aciKc at
San .lose, and for ten years tilled that important
position, performing faithful and successful
labor, increasing the roll of students from 150
to 500, and greatly improving thetiuancial con-
dition of the university. During this tiiiie he
usually preached twice every Sunday in the
churches of Oakland. San Francisco and else-
where, besides rendering much other service
outside the university Under these manifold
labors his health failed, which compelled his
resignation of tlu^ presitlency. In 1879 the de-
gree of D. D. was conferred upon him by the
Northwestern University of Evanston, Uliiioie,
and also by the Wesleyan University of Dela-
ware, Ohio. About the same time his Alma
Mater honored him in like manner. In 1880
he was elected from California to the (Tcneral
Conference of his church in (Cincinnati. When
E. O. Haven, the resident Bishop of the ^[ethod-
ist church on the Pacific coast, was on his death
bed in 1881, he req\iested Dr. Stratton to com-
plete and publish his autobiogra|)hy, then
about half written, and to act as his literary ex-
ecutor to edit and publish such of his lectures
and sermons as the public might deujand. The
autobiography was completed an<l iiublished the
following year. In 1891 .Mr. Stratton was
elected (Miaucellor of Willamette University at
Sal(Mii, where he officiated about one year, re-
signing at the end of that time in order to ac-
cept the Presidency of the Portlaixl University,

a new instil iitioii of whiih extended mention is
made on another pai;e of this volume.

]*'• Stratton was married in Salem, < >regon,
ill iS'J, to Miss dniia E. Waller. j\ daughter of
Kev. Alvin F. Waller, one of the early Methoil-
ist missionaries who arrived in Oregon in IsfO
and continued in the missionary work and min-
istry up to his ileatii in 1S7~. Tlu^ Doctor and
.Mrs. Stratton have two cliildi'en : .Mary V- and
Harvey (ionlon.

Dr. Stratton was the Oregon delegate to the
(ieneral ( 'onfereiiee whi('h was held in Omalia
in May, 1><'J2. He is deeply iiiterestt'd in the
future of the Portland University and eoiisi<ler8
the field of usefulness optuied thereby to ho
broader and with greater possibilities than any
work heretofore placed in Ids charge.

fOlLN P. RO.SS, of r.ai.er City, Oregon,
born in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania,
.fanuary 20, 1832, was the son of Samuel
II. Ross, who was born in Franklin county,
Pennsylvania. Xovoniber 25, 1799. The father
of the latter was ilanies Ross, born in Ross-
shire. Scotland, but who came to America,
reaching Philadeipliia September 19, 1789. Ho
was a cousin of (ieneral lioss, eomuninder of
the Pritish force in the raid on Washington and
Paltiniore, in the war of 1812, anil who was
killed near the latter city, in 1814, by an atii-
hnscado. Three of the Ross brothers, John,
iSainuel and James, cinie from Scotland to the
United States, whose Christian names have been
handed down from generation to generation.
If a family of Rosses be found with three sons
in it, their names are sure to be John, Samuel
and James. .As far as can he learned the Rosses
wt^re all agriculturists.

The father of our subject removed to Iowa
Territory in 1841, when the sou was but nine
vears old, and pursued the occupation of a
fanner until age caused him to retire from act-
\w' labor. He died in 1890, at the advanced
age of ninety years, his wife dying earlier by
two years, at a very old age. leaving six chil-
dren, all of whom are alive today, their names
being; John P., subject of this sketch, and
Samuel, his younger brother, both living in
Haker City, Wi'liam F., a citizen of Nevada;
James, living in Iowa; Mrs. Thomas Lash; Sarah,

I '
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fiii

ii!

'')$

342

lll.STOIlY OF oliK'IOW.

liM

fct -r,

wlio riiarricd Jolin Iliiliiif^, but in now a widow,
li\in)^ in luwa.

At, tlio age of cij^litt-tMi years Joliii I'. Ko8S
starteil across tli(^ plaiiis, icacliinii; tlie I'auitie
coast in tlie fall of 1850; iMifragiii;^ in niiniiig
for a time, Ik^ then freigliled with pack trains,
coiiti.iuiii;^ in that work until IKtJti, when lu^
went to Umatilla, ( )regon, reachino; that j)iace
May 25, of that year. In Uceember following
lie canio to I'aker (^ity and has since made his
home here. Three years afterward he made a
deliijhtful visit to the home of his father and
mother in Iowa.

The subject of our sketch was married Sep-
tember 27. 180y, to Miss Martha A. Smith,
horn September lit), 1848, daughter of l.,evi
Smith. Three children have been born to thein,
namely: William A., twenty-one years ohl :
.lolin M., tifteen years old; a daughter, died at
eight years of age. The two sons liv(> at home
with their j)arents. .Mr. Ross has led a very
active life ever since he settled in Baker City.
The drties of Census Enuinerator. to which ho
was appoiiite<l in 1890, he discharged witli
;ibility and fidelity. As chairman of the Re-
[lublican County Central Committe Mr. Ross
shows in;imate acquaintance with ujen and with
the discipline of jiolitics, he having been elected
to that positit)n several times and always ilis-
playing marked executive ability and organizing
tact.

lie is a n\ember of the (^dd Fellows order.
Altho'igii not a member of any ciuirch lie has
assisted in the building of all the churches as
well as of all the school-houses of Baker City.
his generous and |)ublic-spirited nature making
him take tangible interest in all that peitains
to the advancement of the city. When our sub-
ject left his home for the far Wc: t he had but
$25 in cash, his father having gi\en him that
and also paid his fare.

i*^;f®3»-^

lit!

'iKNRV RUST, a native of Germany, was
M\ liorn in 1835, in that country. When still
a y<inng man he madi> his way to England
ami Wales and spent some time there, until
185!t, when he came across the Atlantic ocean
to .\merica and ii'ide his first stop in Rochester,
New York, and worked thereuntil the outbreak
of flu? late war. Bike nnuiy of our German-
American citizens, he enlisted at the first (?all

for troops, on the morning of April 18, 18f51,
and enrclled his name as a |)rivate in the Thir-
teenth .New York Regiment, and servciil during
the entire war. He received his honorable dis-
cbarge June 1S65, after many hanl-fought
battles and skirmishes. He was in the first
l)attlo of Bull Run, Hanover ('onrt- House,
Seven Days' Battle and several otlier battle.s and
skirmishes. lie was wounded twice, once at
the battle of Melville Hill and another time in
a skirmish by a sharpshooter. After hia re-
turn to the Held he was promoted to Commis-
sary of Subsistence, and iille<l that position until
the close of the war. He now receives a pension
of $54, having been raised, by special act of
Congress, from $24 to the present sum.

When Mr. Rust liuded in America he had no
money and was obliged to work very hard for
wages until he went int(i the army. While in
the service he saved his money, and at the close
of the wai' went to Salt Lake, Utah, and re-
mained a while; then to Montamv, where he en-
gaged in mining, with good success. In 1807
he came to Baker City and started a brewery.
He now has a plant in which $50,000 are in-
vested and is doing a business of §35,000 per
year.

Mr. Rust is the owner of city property, among
which is the Rust Opera House, the only hall in
the city, and a good residence, besides several
other hotises. He also has tiOO acres of land,
200 acres of which is improved and stocked with
horses and cattle. Mr. Rnst has always been
one of the enterprising men of Baker City.

Our subject was married to Miss Eliza Kess-
ler, a native of Gerinany. No children have
come to bless their home, so these two intend
to enjoy their wealth, as they have no one to
leave it to when they are taken away. Mi'. Rust
is a member of the G. A. R. and has been
Quftrtermaster of his post at Baker City ever
since it was organized. He is one of its (charter
members. In politics this stanch veteran is a
Republican.

^•^••^- —

HAIiLP:s V. HARDING. -Among the

lardy pioneers of the State of Oregon
occurs the name ot Charles V. Harding.
This gentleman was born inGt. Louis, Missouri.
April 10, 1842, and was the son of 1). R. Ilard-
ini?and Susan Kendall, natives of Maryland and
Louisville, Kentucky, respectively. Mr. Hard-

IIISTOHY "/•' OHKOtiy.

:)4;<

ing, Sr., was a druggist of St. I.ouis. and Inter,
in 184;?, reiiKivfd to St. .!o.-fpli, .Missouri, where
litMJifil ill lS7n, his wife iiaviiij/died iii 1H57.

Oursuhject li'ft home at tiie iij,'e of tiftOL-n
years, and lias lieeii making liis own vvay in the
worhi over since He served an apprentieeshij)
in a printinjj; otfice for five years, and in 18((2
eaine across the [dains to Salt Laiie City, where
he ( 'igaijed in stage driving for Hen Ilolladay
several years, and many interesting stories he
can tell of his adventures and ptirilons trips
durinir his loTiir service in that liusiness. He
drove the first stage across the mountains, locat
ing a road from Salt Lake to iioise CJity, Idaho,
,'iid on the Dalles, Oregon, in 1864.

In 18t)7 he came to La (xrande, Oregon, re
niained tlwH^e years, and then went hack to Idaho
and took charge of a station, hut afterward he
returned to Oregon and eng.iged in fanning for
some years and then sold his faun near La
Grange, where ho engaged in the liutcher liusi-
ness, in which he is still engaged.

Mr. Harding was married in 1871, to Miss
Kmma Palmer, a native of Pennsylvania, who
came to Oregon with her parents, in 1864,
and settled in Orande Ronde valley. Mr. and
Mrs. Harding have had seven children, namely;
William I)., ('harles E., I'rederick J., Joseph
P., Lucy IL, Cora, and an infant.

Mr. Harding has made his way up the ladder
of fortune from the very hottoin, at v. Inch he
started when a hoy of fifteen, and has heen as-
sisted hy no one on his upward progress. He
and his intt^resting family reside in a good resi
dence, which is his property, aiid he is also the
owner of a good hiisiness in La Orande. Mr.
ITarding is a niemher of I. O. ( >. F., and in
political matters siippi^rts the platform ciunpiled
hy the Democratic party.

^-•mmm'^'W^

t-t^

S. WARREN, a prominent resident
of Union, Oregon, was horn in Pu-
^* laski county, Kentucky, in 1837, and
lived there until he was nineteen ye'ars of age.
His parents at that time moved to (irundy
county, Missouri, and to the new home he ac-
companied them. The name of the father was
William Warren, and he had heen horn in Vir-
ginia, and with his parents removed to Kentr.cky
when he was hut one year old. He married the
worthy woman who be(!ame his wife in that
State. Her name was Miss Elizaheth Thomp-

son, of Kentucky, and in I8r)() the family re
moved to (irundy, where he died in LSSti.at the
aire of seventy-one years.

The mother of our .•^uhjecl died in lS71,,it
the age of sixty-six years, ami the family cmi
sisteii of si.v children, and our snhjeet was the
third child. All of the family except hiniself
remained in Missouri. He was married, .lime
aO, 1860, to Miss Mary A. Oshoru, horn in 1^44,
and they ciinie to Oregon in 1864, making the
trip with horses, niiiles and ox teams, and con
suniing five months in the journey. The first
settlement was made in Raker county. Powder
river valley, where our subject took uji a (daim,
built a log cabin with round logs, chinked and
daubed it, l.uilt a stick chimney, and split the
logs to make his floor. Provisions were very
high. All his money amounted to $90 in green-
hacks, out of which lii^ had to pay §".i.") for a bar-
rel of tlour, and the discount on his money was
fifty-five cents on the dollar. However, the win-
ter passed, and in the spring he fixed up his team
and commenced the business of freighting across
the niouniains. and was very successful at this.
lie plov;ed five acres of his land, but had to pay ■
fifteen cents perpound foi oats tosc^i'd the gruuud.
Ife raised a good croji and had to sell it for eight
cents a ])oun(i. Neither he nor his faithful wife
grew ilisconraged, hut ktijit right on, and he
traded a span of tine mules, with wagon, for six
head of cows. These brought calves in due time,
which they raised, and all tiie butter they could
make they sold for .fl a poiiml. Selling his
calves at ii'ii) a head in the fall, he was able to
lay u[) fpiite a little sum. People were bringing
in everything for sale, and even cats were aiddas
high as 85 a head. Mrs. Warren had to pay
!fl'2.oO for the first chicken, giving the last cent
she had for it. From this hen she raised titfeen
chickens. Mr. Warren had saved about S?!80t)
hy this time. A drove of cattle came along
aliont this time and with the help of oiu^ of his
neighbors tie bought the whole ilrove, and soon
after sold all but the choicest thirty-one, and in
this way obtained enough money to pay tor
the whole .ot. He then bought more land, and
now owns ^00 acres of tine land in I'owder river
valley. In 1880 he moved to Pnion, renting a
house and gristmill, following milling for one
year; then hoiight five acres inside the corpora-
tion, improved that, then old out at ,n good
profit. He then purchased dglity acres, within a
lialf mile of the town of Lnion, v.^Ik ic lie now
reside.-i with his family. Upon this place he has

inSTOltr UF OHKOON.

',.'., 'I

ercctcil ft fine reniilence witli ull iriodcru iinprove-
ineiitH. Till! t'liiiiily circle of five chiliiivu lias
never i)eeii lirokeii liy ilciitli. 'I'licir imiiics are:
William, Lora L., Sallie l,ee, Tyra, and Iliraiii,
all livitii; at lioiiic anil liavi> M(!V(^r liail a doctor
l)ill of S'50 paid for tliciii in all tlieir lives.

When Mr. and Mrs. Warn^i were married,
hi.- liitlKM' ffavi; liim itiO acres of land and a sum
of money, and his wife had a ne{i;ro f^irl friven
lier, valued at $S()0. The war came on and broke
them uf) hadly, scarcely leavinif (<nonsrli to jjet
to their ti nv home on the Pacific coast. At the
present ti;ie Mr. Warren is in very coinfortal)le
circumstances, and tor a number of years has
been in the Hti)ck-lnisiness, having now on hand
about loO horses, and from tiOO to 81)0 liead of
cattl(\ He has always voted the Democratic
ticket, and says that lie don't see why lie should
chani.^e his politics now.

f(y. (JAI'I.INCtKR, one of the first pioneers
of Dregon, and u prominent settler of
* Marion county, was born in Hardy eonnty.
Virginia, on the banks of the Potomac, Aufjust
lii, 1815. lie was reared and educated in his
native county, attending the common schools of
that time, until he reached nmtdiood's estate.
His father, George, was also a native uf Vir
giiiia, and married Pollie ("rider, native ofSliep-
j)erd'8 Town, Pennsylvania. The father and
mother remained in Virginia until 1837, when
they removed to Illinois, and there the father
(lieil, in 1889; at the age of si.\ty-tive years, llis
wile survived him many years and lived to a
great age. Iiotli sides of the family were of
(-rerman descent and their ancestors settled in
liockinghani county, Virginia, in the early part
of the eighteenth century.

Our sui)ject was reared to farm life, and at the
age of twenty-seven married Miss ,Iane Wood-
sides, in 1S41. 8he was liorii in Clinton county,
Ohio, in 18:i3, and came to Hliiiois in 1837.
l''our years after their marriage the young couple
had the courage to take the long and dangerous
journey across the plains, in 18-15, making 4he
trip with ox teams. Their destination was
Oregon, and after a long and perilous journey
they reached the Cascade mountains. They were
one of tlR' first white families that crosseii by
that route, and came near losinij their liviis by
starvation, food beiiiif iinjiossible to jret in the
wilds of the mountains. At last Mr. (Japlinger

left his family with two other families in camp
in the ( 'ascade mountains, while he with others
took their cattle over the mountain and returned
with horses to carry over their families. Most
of the horses perished in the mountains, and
Mrs. t;apling(M' strugi^lod on by herself, on toot,
carrying her child. For four days she was en-
tirely without food and at the mercy of wild
animals, but her courage never forsook her and
before her strength failed her Mr. (^aplinger
rejoined her with the much needed help. Nlr.
and M's. Ca|)linger selected O'-egon City as
their lirst location, as they entered Oregon I'ity
on the east of the Willamette, and remained
there until 18 17, when they removed to Marion
county, settlini.( near Salem, where he piirciiased
land. So entirely has his hoinesiiited him that
he has made it his residence ever since. Mr.
Caplinger has resided continuously on one place
for forty-five years, and at one time was the
owner of (iOO acres id' land; he parted with dif-
ferent portions of it, until now he has but 300
acres, im))roved, within three miles of the ca])i-
tol. Although Mr. Caplinger is seventy-seven
years of age, he bears his years in a wonderful
manner, not looking to be over sixty. He attends
to all his farm business and superintends as well
as assists his one hand in all the work of his es-
tate. Dnritig the Indian troubles his neighbors
had him remain at home and relieve the necei-
sities of the women and o, Idreii, which he was
able to do.

Ten children were horn to Mr. and Mrs. Cap-
lin^'er, of whom sixareyet living, namely:Heiiry
{]., Samuel R.. John, Thomas, Ann. wife of
William .M. Scott; Mary, wife of James Mixon.
These children are all prosperous farmers of
Umatilla county, Oregon. Mr. Caplinger has
always been a man who scorned to wrong any-
one, always tryiny; to aid his neighbors and never
seeing a want without trying to relieve it. He
is a stanch Democrat.

--^€(

S«~jfflS:

i!-^

fAPTAIN ILENIiY L. ilOYT. one of the
well-known business men of Portland, was
a steamboat captain and pilot on the Co-
lumbia and Willamette rivers for several years.
Later he was Deputy Collector of Customs and
Shijipin;; (Commissioner of the port, lie is now
custom-house broker.

('aptain Hoyt was horn in Caldwell, Lake

UrsTOUV OF ORKdON.

R«n

(Tfor^e, New York, in iH'Sii, Iml his earliest
recollt'ctidiis iiro ot Alliiiiiy. tiiat Stafe, to wiiich
place liis piiri'iits moved in l!>"-!7. At thoiiiri* of
sixteen lie starteil in life fi>r himself ami n'iti a
lioyV love of iidventiiri!, «lii[i[ieil on a wlialinj^
vessel for a cruise to the I'aei tic ocean, lie fol-
lowed the H'a for scleral years, sailing to iMirope
and the West Indies as mate nnder Captain
liichard Uoyt, his brother. In 18-i7 he was an
otKcer on the steamship Washiiijrton, ruiuiinir
between New York and ]>reinen.

In 1S44 he was attached to the United States
Kevenne Cutter Vigilant, and while lyinfj; at Key
West the vessel wa8cauo;htin ahurricane, blown
to sea and capsized, and of fourteen souls on
board, but two were saved, Ca|)tain Iloyt being
one. lie wast picked u|) by a psissincr vessel
after bcin^ in the water forty-eight hours.

Captain Iloyt was in New York when the
new* of the discovery of gold in California
reache(l there in 1848. He also catchini; the
golil fever, in Kebrnary, 1849, he sailed for San
Francisco round the Horn in the ship Panama,
arriving in August following. About the first
person he met on laiuling in San Francisco was
his brother Richard, who had arrived several
months previous in the bark John W. Cater,
of which vessel he was master. Like all new-
comers, he must try his luck in the mines, but
a brief experience there satisfied him and he re-
turned to San Francisco. His brother had Just
bought a new bark, the Toulon, which was
about to sail for Oregon, and he joined her as
chief mate. The Toulon arrived in Portland
in the spring of 1850. Her return cargo was
lumber and piles, which brought fabulous pri
ces at that time.

Captain Iloyt now left the sea and turned his
attention to merchandising, but not succeeding,
he sought the water again, and was ca])tain of
a steamboat iti 1855, running on the San .loa-
ipiin and Sacramento rivers. In 185(5 he came
to Portland, where his brothers liichard and
(teorgt were located. He was soon employed
on "the river and coiniiuiuded several steamboats,
but principally the steamer. Senorita. run-
ning to the ('ascade and the Multnomah to
Astoria. In 1860 he was enajaged by t\w Pa-
cific Mail Steamship Company as the Columbia
river pilot of their steamship running to Port
land.

In I8t)l5 he lumght and coitiinanded thesteani-
boat Leviathan, which vessel, though small,
was actively employed. \t this time lie was

importuned by several ])romiuent citizens i)f
Portland to accept a nomination for the ollice of
Marshal of tlie city. He reluctantly consented
to the use of his name and was elected and siirved
nearly five years. With what vigilance and en-
ergy he i)rotectcd the city during the troublous
times incident to the civil war with the small
force at his command, is well-known totheoldcr
citizens.

Captain Iloyt was married in Portland, in
18f)l,to Miss Mary L, Millard. They have had
seven children, two only of which survive, Ralph
W. and llatlie Louise.

The Captain is advanced in Masonry, of
whitdi order he is an ardent member. He is
Pastnnister of Willamette Lodge, No. 2. of Port-
land, and Past High Priest of Portland Chapter
of Iio3-al Arch Masons. He has attained to the
thirty-second degree of the Scottish rite.

It was Cap'ain Hoyfs judgmtMit,eaily formed,
that Portland would In c'.ouie in time a great
(Mmmerciil (loint, and tberefdrt! he ac(juired con-
siderabh' lande<l interest, both in the city and it.s
sitMiirb. He has seen the city grow from a clear-
ing in the wilderness to its present beautiful
proportion. Captain Iloyt has now retired and
loft his farms to younger hands.

--=tH'

g^Cfs^^'i'^*

"*=-

I^ON. M. C. GI<:()Ii(}E was born in Noble
JMl county, Ohio, May liJ, 18-tiJ, a son of Pres-
^^i{ ley and Mahala (^Nickerson) George, na-
tives of Virginia and Massachusc^tts respectively.
The paternal grandfather, Jesse f4eorge, partici-
pated in the war of the Revolution; Hugh
Nickerson, the paternal grandfather, was de-
scended from the early settlers of (Jape Cod.
M. C. (ieorge is on(! of a family of eight chil-
dren, five of whom died in infancy, with the
scourge of diphtheria and scarlet fever. Before
he was two years of age his parents emigrated
til Oregon, crossing the plains in 1851; he and
his brother, Jesse VV.. a business man of Seattle,
Washington, are the surviving membeis of tlu(
family. Hugh N. (ieorge. another brother, being
deceased. He was educated atSantiarn Academy,
ill the Willamette University and in the i'ort-
land P)usiues8 College. He was afterward princi-
fw,l of the Jefferson Academy, and later held the
same position in the public schools of Albany.
He began the study of biw in 187ii, reading
under the direction of J. C. Powell of Albany,
and later under Colonel \V. H. Kflinger, In

;i»n

IllHTOHY OF OliEOON.

'M-

■h'\.

1S75 lu! W118 admitted to the liar of the State
Siiiirciiu; ('onrt, iiiid in ISSO tu the Sii|)ri)int!
lyoiirt of the I'liited State- 1I(! wiis eiior.ged
in the practice of tlie pnil'essiou in I'urthiiid,
and l)e(!anie pnniiitu'iitiy id(Mitified witli the
iniiveinciits (if the Repnljil(';iii pirfy in tjie State.
In IS7I') he wan clectiMJ State Senator of the
MidtMuinah district, and served foiiryear.-*. VViiile
in tliin otlice lie had the honor of iieinj; tlie
clioiee of tlie RepMiilican Senators fur President
of tlie State Senate of the hienuial session of
1878. Ill 1880 he was nominated and elected
to (!ongres8 over hin predecessor, ex-(iovernor
Whitaker; he was ap|)ointed a meinher of the
eoniniittee on Ilevisioii of the Laws, and on
Oomnierce, and did the State and ooiiiitry
elfielive service in securing river and harlior
appropriations, which exceeded tiiose of former
years, lie made a special study of river and
harlior improvements, and it was by this com-
mittec that the rrreat project of the iinprove-
nicnt of the (yolnnil)ia river was successfnlly
inaiifjnritecl. On the motion of Mr. (ieorjre a
commi8.^i;i of leadinir en<jineers was created
aiid empi '.vered to take tl (^ preliminary steps in
this iTeat work; lie jiresented to tlie House of
Rejiresentatives his reasons tor supporting this
nndertakiiifT. and attacked the adverse opinion
of !ii<rh authority and of the National Adversary
P)o; -d. lie presented most convincing argu-
ments, and had the gratifieifion of having his
idea approved by the commis>ion, which was
composed of some of the most eminent en-
"'ineers. At the succeeding session of the Con-
gress the same committee rep irted favorably on
an appropriation of $75,000 to begin the work,
but it failed to pass the Senate. In the follow-
ing Congress $150,000 were appropriated, and
the work is now iiearing completion with every
prospect of perfect success.

Mr. George introduced a bill January 30,
1882. providing a civil government for Alaska,
which, while it did not become a law, contained
nearly all the provisions, and in many sections
the e\a''t language of the bill which was passed
by the Fortv-eial'.t Congress, known as the Ilar-
rfson bill The Modoc war bill was passeil on
his motion. December 30, 1882. He was elected
to the Forty-eight!) Conicress by a majority of
;3,36o over Hon. W. I). Fenton, the talented
and popular nominee of the DemocrHtic party.
He wii- appoint-d by Speaker Cirlisle a mem-
ber of the com nittee on Indian affairs and on
Amori?i'i sliip-buii<ling, ant April 32, 188-4, he

made a speech or. the tariff and ship-building,
that attraote(l wide-siiri^ail attention. Wliilu a
inember of Congress, in behalf of his constitu-
ents he interested himself in public lamls. In-
dian depredation claims, pensions for soldiers
in the Mexican, civil an Indian wars, the open-
ing of the IJiiiatilla reservation, the forfeiture
of land grants, the restriction of undesirable
Chinese emigration, the improvement of custom
and .shipping laws, and other matters greatly
afiecting the well-being and prosperity of the
people of his State. He declined to allow his
name to be used for renoinination, and at the
termination of his fourth year of service, he
withdrt^w from public life and resumed the
practice of his profession. He has tilled the
chair of lecturer on the Medical Juris|)rudence
in Willamette University since his return to
Portland. In 1889 he was unanimou->ly elected
a member of the Hoard of Directors for*the
public schools of Portland for a term of five
years, and the same year he was honored with
the degrees of LL. D. from the leading university
of the State. He is vice-Presidoiit of the Pro-
tective Tariff League for Oregon, and is Presi-
d(Mit of the State llepublican League, In .lune,
1801, Mr. George was appointed by the ju<iges
of the (Jircnit ('ourt, pursuant to an act of the
Lesrislature, a member of the Bridge Commis-
sion for the city of Portland, to take charge of
the vexed prolilem of jiroviding free bridges
across the Willamette river through the heart
of the city, with full power to issue SoOO,0()l)
of thirty-year bonds therefor. On its organi-
zation he was elected Chairman, wdiich position
he continues to till.

Mr. George was uniteil in marriage, in 1873,
to Mi.is Mary Kckler, a native of Illinois and a
daughter of .Jacob Kckler. They are the parents
of three children: Florence, Kdna and .lessie.
Our worthy subject is a member of the I. (). ().
¥. and of the Masonic order, being a Knight
Templar of the latter; he also ranks high in the
Scottish rite. He has a large and remunerative
law practice, is widely known as a man of the
strictest integrity, and enjoys the entire con.i-
dence of his fellow-citizens.

»0N. .1. W NORVAL, the youngest of the
five children liorn to Rev. .lames and Ma-
hala ( .Vpplewhite) Nerval, was born in
Fulton coiintv, Illinois, .June ij. 1840. He was

'.'J^^S-

Hisrour OF oiiKiiox.

in 7

reared and educated in liis tiutive ooiiiity until
he WHS fitted lur the liii^lier liniMolie.>*, wlieii lie
eMterc(l tlii^ l.oiiiliard I'liili'm! and tlii're com
plclcd liJA ediicatiiiii. x\t tlie ai^c of twenty he
started in life for iiiniselt', havino iiotiiina hut
his good name; lie starte<i u poor hoy for the
J'acific coast, choosini; California for his " Mec-
ca." Novemher 7, IStiO, there arrived in the
State of (Jaliforiiia a very tired yonnif man, who
did not feel discouraoed, but obtained a sciiool
as soon as pussilile and commenced to put to
practical use the truths he had been storing his
l)rain with during his years of schooling. For
one year he instructed the youths of (!alit'ornia,
but in IfSlJl he made his way to I'ortland, Ore-
gon, and stayed there a short time ami then
went to the mines in eastern Orei^on, Hritish
Columbia and Idaho, where he spent ai)out seven
years, mining with ijood success, making enough
money to .settle down and buy him a home. In
1808 Mr. Norval settled in Union county,
where he bouj^ht 560 acres of land, which ho
improved anil on which he has resided ever
since, engaged in stock-raising in connection
witii his farming. He has succeeded and now
has a nice farm, of which 200 acres are are im-
proved and in grain: the remainder is devoted
to pastures and meadows.

In 1888 ho was elected to the State Senate
from the joint senatorial district of Union and
Wallowa counties, on the llepnlilican ticket. He
had been nominated three times previously, but
owing to the overwhelming majority of Demo-
crats in the district, he was defeated each
time.

The father of our subject. Rev. James N^or-
val, was a native of North Carolina, who died
when still in the prime of his young maidiood.
He married »\lahala A|>plewhite, a native of his
f)wn State, and the young con[)le started for the
West to seek their fortunes. They arrived in
Illinois, in 1835, and nine years later, in 1844,
this good man died, leaving a wife and five little
children. Mrs. Norval survived her husband
until 1874, when she too died, aged si.xty-nine
years. Mr. Norval v.as a Krst cousin to Hon.
T. L. Norval, Judge of the Supreme Court of
Nebraska, that decided in the famous case of
Governor Boyd, in 1892; ami was also cousin of
Hon. K. S. Norval, State Semitor of Nel)raska.

Our subject was married, in 1808, to Cather-
ine J. Tnttle, daughter of Terry and Maria A.
(Lewis) Tnttle, atid was born in Iowa, in 1852,
and came to Oregon, with her parents, in 18(32.

Mr. Tnttle was a native of Ohio, and liis wife
of Indiana. .Mr. and Mrs, Norval ha\t' had
three children, namely: Julian K., a teacdier of
La Oramle; Corda A., aged nineteen; ami
Terry U.. now seven years ol age. Mr. Norval
has one brother, K. O. Norval, who is an elder
of the Metlnidist Episcopal Chnrch, in Illinois.
Mr. Norval has always bet-n a Kcpul'lican,
casting bis first vote for .\biaham Lincoln at
his second election.

fKOUGE W. HANSELL, the obliging i'ost-
master of Atlicna, and one of her leading
citizens, was born in I'ntman county, Illi-
nois, July 11, i8bO. His father. William M.
Ilansell, was a native of Virginia, and came to
Illinois when a small lioy, with his parents, and
continued to make the I'rairie State his homo
until he attained to mature years, when ho
married Miss Lucy Wyckott', a mitive of Ohio.
In 1863 .Mr. Ilansell removed to Iowa, wluu-e
with his family he resided until the spring
of 1870, when he removed to Oregon, settling
in the Willamette valley. Three years after-
ward he moved to eastern Oregon, where he
remained engaged in his life-long occupation of
farming, nntil his death, in 1888, when he was
seventy -years of age. Mrs. Ilansell is still li\'-
ing, and is now about sixty-four years of age.
They were the parents of six children, of whom
the subject of our sketch was the third child.

Our subject was educated in the common
schools of Illinois and Iowa, and reared on the
farm, and then came to Oregon and settled in
the Willamette valley. He soon .saw the need
of good carpenters, so learned the lra<lc him-
self He then removed to ITmatilla county, in
1878, and settled at the present site of Athena,
and built the rtrst house in the little town. Mr.
Ilansell has lived to s(!e the barren plaii; grow
up into the present little city cd' 1,000 people.
After he had neen in this locality some time he
located a claim, on which he lived for seven
years, iinpioving it, and then sold it anil came
liack to Athena, wdiere he has since nnide his
home, continuing at the trade of carpenter until
the summer of 1800, purchasing a half interest
in the lunibor-yard of Athena, hut this he dis-

fwsed of in the fall of 1892. The next spring
le purchased a business consisting of stationery,
tobacco, cigars and notions. In March, 18'J2.

848

uisTour OF onsooN.

, n

li(! Hicoived tlic (ippoiiitinniit of Postinsistcr of
Atlieim.

At tlie tiiiio of till! ^rcat liooiii iit Tiicoiiia,
WHsliiii;;t(iii. lie went to the [iliice illicl jii<jra};e(l
in coMtriiclinj; iiinl Iniildiiif^ for iilxiut om; yoiii',
iniikiii); coiisiili^riililt! money, l)iit at tlu; oiid of
tli(^ y«"r he rotiii'iicd Ikmik;. Mr. llanscdl has
now a nice little hoiiie of tiftet-n aeruH in the
Bul)Ui'li^< of Atheiui, which ho has earned him-
self, and where lie now enjoys life outside his
ImsineHs iioiirs.

Nfr. llanscll was married, in 18S1, to Miss
May Statford, dawirhter of A. M. and Rosa Staf-
ford, who eaine across the [ilainfi, in 1852, to
Oreii^on, where Mrs. Hansel! was horn, in Lane
comity. Mr. and .Mrs, ilansell have four chil-
dren, namely: I-ut'y, Marion, (reovaie and
Ray.

When Mr. Ilansell married he had a set of
earpenter tools as his stock in trade. During
the past ten years he has made his present
property and none can say that his time has heen
wasted. In politics, Mr. Ilansell is a thorouirh-
goinji; Republican, and few there are wlio are
more liignly respected and honorcMl than ho.

fROF.J. S. HENRV, of Weston, Umatilla
county, ()reo;on, a hijifhly resjjected and
^ acccoMiplished citizen of this place, was
born in the city of La Fayette, Indiana, May 9,
1842, the only son of John and Naomi Henry.
The father was a native of the blue-grass region
of Kentucky and his mother of Ohio. The
former die<I soon after the birth of the son, in
1842, at the aire of thirty-eiifiit. Not remein-
l)eriiig his father, the I'rofessor can ^ive but
little information concerning him. Mrs.
Henry was married a second time, to H. K.
Doolittlo, in May, 1850, and died in July,
1888, at the age ot" fifty years. At the time of
Mr. Doolittle's death, in 18()8, four children
were living, only two of whom now survive.

Our subject bore the name of his stepfather
vintil he was of age, when he assumed his proper
name. He was educated at La Fayette Univer-
sity and Tippecanoe College, on the old Tippe-
pecanoe battle ground. Thoroughly imbued
with patriotism, he obeyed the first call for sol-
diers in 18()l, going out in the three-moiiths
call, with the Tenth Indiana Infantry, under
Colonel Mansou at Camp Douglas, at La Fayette.

At the e.xpiration of this service and after par-
ticipating in several hard-fought tuigagements,
such as Laurel Hill, etc., the rt*giment returned
home, reorganized and went into the three years'
service, our subject being commissioned as First
liieutonant of Company (i. After participation
in the battles of Corinth and Shiloh he was de-
tailed as recruiting otiicer, stationed at Indian-
apolis, remaining there until the close of the
war. Professor Henry recruited the Sixty-
third and the One Hundre<l and Fourth Indi
ana Regiments, in Camj) Morton, and at Camp
Douglas, La Fayette, Indiana.

Musical talent early manifested itself in our
subject and his parents gave him an excellent
education, Ik^ graduating from the musical col-
lege at Cincinnati, from which he received a
diploma; then entereil the music conservatory
at Boston, one of the foremost schools of its
class in the United States, from which he like-
wise received a diploma. At the close of tlio
war the Professor went to Portland. Oregon,
and there began the professon of teaching music,
which he has continued to this day, including
in the course vocal and all kinds of instru-
mental instruction. In connection with this,
he has had at times a music store. While in
J'ortland ho sustained a very serious loss, his
store and its contents having been destroyed
by lire. His health failing in 1883, he began
to travel, and continued to do so until 1889,
whcTi he came to Weston, Umatilla county, and
settled. Beginning at once to teach music, he
has continued it ever since, being very popular
and finding it profitable at Weston just as he
liad found it at Portland.

Like many other soldier lad.-,, the Professor,
when he went to the wars, left somt^body behind
very dear to him; and in 18(53 he obtained a
furlough came home and was married to a most
highly accomplished young lady. Miss Elizalieth
Thompson, ilaughter of William and Susan
Thompson, of Iowa, She borne him three sons,
namely: liirain, at home with his i)arent8;
William, second son. a <iruggist at Athena; and
Benjamin F., still at home.

Professor Henry was a member of the Cit'
Council of Portland, when a resident of that
city; is a member of the Board of Regents of
of the Eastern Oregon State Normal School at
Weston, and also a member of the faculty, be-
ing professor of music and works earnestly for
the advancement of that department. He has a
large number of students in his charge at each

t^S~.

ii'lll

iV!

Ii!

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jiltl H

IImI

^nt^^^rteiiA -7^ /LJeeic/u.

insTOIiV iiF (lHK</ii\.

HIU

term, in nil i)rnn(Ou'B. Tim I'rott'Bsor is h iiumii-

l»cf of till! ('(illlicil nf thf I'ity Wi'stiiii; of tlu!
A. (). V. W.. and of the K. of I", il.- has a
neat little residiMicu on the hide of the hill, in
the west part ol town, where has a Hplendid
view of the heantifnl little city, which has a
popiilatiun ot'ahont 1,000 soult".

fOSEl'l! McKAV, a pri'ininent citizen of
liaker ('ity, Ore^^on, was horn in Espyville,
CIraword cuiintv, I'eniisjlviinia, Noveinlier
20, IHH, and lived there until he was j^rown,
receiving an edm-atioii in the cotninon schools.
Joseph was the oldest Ron of II. (t. McKay, the
latici' haviiif^ heeii horn on the ocean, in 1815,
while his parents were coniingto America from
Ireland. The family settled in Crawford
comity, Pennsylvania, and there he f;rew np,
learninfj; the tanning business, carrying it on
in Crawford comity until his death, lie was
married in IHW to Miss Kli/.aheth Everlieart,
a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1814. Mr.
McKay died in the comity where he was reared
and where he had spent all his life, in 18!J1,
aged seventy-two years. Mrs. McKay is still
living at E\ansl>nrg, (Jrawford county, aged
seventy-seven years, still active in mind and
body, giving promise of being able to enjoy i«
much longer season of healthful old age.

Onr subject learned the tanner trade with
his father, and at the age of eighteen went
into partnership with him at Kvanshnrg, coti-
tinning with him for three years. In 1800 lie
sold out and went into the mercantile business,
in which he continued until 1872, and at that
time sold out, having been very jirosperous.
J list at this time the e,\citenient over oil inter-
ested everyone in the neighborhood, and our
subject, with many others, made his way to that
region, speculated, ami lost all he had. Not
being entirely discouraged he started west in
1880, stopped first at Dakota, but not altogether
liking the appearace of the country he contin-
ued iiti to Leadville, (Colorado. There he en-
gaged as a clerk in a grocery store, remaining
two years, when he went to Idaho, engaging in
the mercantile business on the Oregon Short
Line railroad. In this business he had for a
partner .1. T. Fifer. In 1883 he moved his
store to Oregon, following the railroad, stopped
at Huntington, a small town, and in 1884, he

removed to |)urkcc, a small town in liaker
comity, lie reinairu'd theie. anil in 181MI he
was elected County Clerk of llakei- ciniiily,
ami was re ('lecie<i in .Inne, 1HW2, by 281 ma-
jority.

Our subject was married on Mandi 2r), 1884,
to .\fiss .\nna lleriion, a native ol Ireland, born
in 1800, who came west to Oregon in 1872
with her si»t(frs, her parents having <lied when
she was young. Mr. and Mrs. McKay liavt!
hail two children born to them, but cmeof wlnmi
is iiiiw living, bearing the name of lu'r mother,
Anna. .Mr. McKay is a Kepiiblicaii in his po-
litical faith, and carried his comity by over iJtIO
majority at his first election in a county that is
largely Democratic, thus demonstrating his
popularity with both parties. Mr. and Mrs.
Mc Kay are both moral people and Mrs. Mc-
Kay isamembei of the Uonian Catholic (/hiindi,
Allliougli Mr. McKay bt>gan life a poor boy
and never jiossessed $1 that he did not earn,
h(! has l)i-come a imin of means, and no doubt in
the near Inture will be among the wealthy men
of eastern Oregon, as he is interested in some
very valuable mines, which, although they
are tiot jiaying a diviiieiid, give every prom-
ise of liecoming very valuable in the near
future.

friHiH MATTHEW P. DEADY camo to
Oregon in 1349, since which time he has
been prominently ideiititi(^d with the his-
tory of the State of his adoption. He has had
much to do with forming the laws, and in this
way has aided in shaping the destiny of the
groat commonwealth.

Judge Deady was born near P^aston, in Talbot
county, Maryland. His father, Daniel Deady,
was :i native of Kantuck, county Cork, Irehtixl,
wliere he wns born on September 2'), 17'J4.
He was educated in his native land, and when a
young man emigrated to the Tniti'd States, lo-
catiiiji; at Baltimore, Maryland, where on June
10, 1823, he married Miss Mary Ann McSwoi'iiy.
a native of Baltimoris and daughter of Mr. Paul
McSwreny, who was a native of the county of
Cork, her mother. Miss Cheater, having been a
native of England. He followed school teach-
ing for several years after coining to the United
States. They had five childri^n, of whom our
subject was the eldest. He attended his father's
school until he was twelve years of age. In

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:rsT(ti{r hf (Hikoon.

182M, the taiiiily removoil from Haltirnore to
Wlicfliiiir, West Vii';;iiiiii. Ilcrr IiIh I'utlier
tiui;;lit a si'liool fullod tlii' l.iiiiciisti'riiui Acmleiny,
ami licri! his motlicr died of coiisiiiiiptioii on
May 31, 1^;54. in the tliirly-i'i^'iifh year of her
ajri'. In (!on8fc|ii(iict' ol' tliis, llic family was
hrokiMi u|) for tiic time licinj;. and hi' livt'd two
years witii his i;raiidr!illicr and uncle, working
in a store in jialliiiiori'. Later he returned with
his fiither to Wheeling;, where lie spent liis time
at seliool ami in a music store, until the spring
of l^iJT, when his father l)ous;;lit a (arm across
the river, in Ohio, and removed there. Here
oursu'ojei.'t lived !or four years iloiiif,' his share
of work, hoeinfj, iniiwin^, reaping, cleariufr,
cliopjiint; and hauling rtood, inakiui; fence, |)low-
in<;, threshinir with the Hail, milking cows, and
taking care of stock. Up to thio time, his
reading had heeii conaiderahle, and he Iteeunie
tired of living in the country, and on some dis-
aL'reement with his father, he left home in Kel>-
rmiry, 1S41. anii went to Harnesville, and engaged
to learn the Ulackh.niths' trade with .lohn Kelly,
an enterprising man and excellent mechanic.
His wife, Mrs. Uachel Kelly, was the daughter
of a Qmiker, and the four years s|)ent in the
liome of this excellent woman were not without
prolit to him. At that time there were no fac-
tory made articles in use there, and in the shop
all kimis of iion work was done, such as ironing
wagops and hnggies, making nil kinds of tools,
repairing of all kinds, and lioiseshoeing. He
made a vcrhal agreement to serv ■ for four years,
for which he was to Ik) hoarded i ml lodged with
the family, and was to receive, the first year,
^3t;; the second year, ?^48; and the third, SfiO,
and six months' schoolirig. The compensation
of the last year was to he according to the pro-
gress he had made. W'hen the time came, it
was fixed at iJS-i, which was considered a com-
pliment to his skill and industry. Out of his
wages, he clothe(l himi-elf, hought school hooks,
and had a little spending money, in the win
ter of IS43, he attended the academy at I'arnes-
ville, and was complimc ited hy his teachers on
the progress he hail madi". and was appoitited to
declaim at the close )f the school the extract
from Wirt, " There is i.'o excjUeece without
great lalior." At the end of the four years at
the hlacksmith trade, he had l>eeome an a>'>r«ee
good mechanic, and was complimented hy his
employer on his ahility an<l skill; hut during
his attendance at the academy, his taste Tor in-
tellectual pursuits was stimulated, and he at-

ti^nded the academy anotiier four months on his
own accoutit. The school was conducted hy
Nathan R. Smith, an interesting old nnui, the
author of u grammar of the English lan-
guage, and an excellent scliolar. When he
left school he received a certificate that
he was (jualified to take charge of an Kng-
lish school; it bears date, .lidy 7, 1S45,
and is still in the .Judge's possession. At the
close of his term of school, he had incurred adeht
of S3(), and in order to discharge the obligation
he borrowed this amount from .Mr. iienjamiii
Mackall. a merchant of Barnesville, which he
gave him without a word, and which the .ludge
re|)rtid within three months, from the receipt.*
of ids first school teaching, and twenty-five
years afterward, the Judge remembered his
kindness by sending him a copy of his Judicial
Reports. From the first school that he taught,
he received ,$20 u month. \t about the same
time, he began reading law with Judge William
Kenuon, of St. Clairsville, Ohio, a good nnin
and a great lawyer, now deceased. On October
20, 1874, he was admitted to the bar of the
Supreme Court of the Stale, before Judges
Mathew, liurchard and I'lfter Hitchcock. lie
remained in St. Clairs\ille, in the office of Mr.
Henry Keniu)n, Master in Chancery, until the
spring of 184'J, on the 17th of April ot which
year he started across the plains as one of the
family of a gentleman of St. Clairsville, who
had been appointed Indian agent for the I'acific
coast, with (loverninenttransportation for him-
self and a family of six. But the arrangement
for transportation fell through, and the Judge
was thrown on his own resources, working his
way to Oregon. On the miu'ninguf November
14, 184!>, he got out of a canoe on the bank of
the Willamette river, where the city of Port-
land now stands, and took a look about the
place, while their Indian crew cooked their
l)reakf;ist. The Judge breakfasted two miles
btdou', at (iuild's place, where he had remained
all iiight, sleeping in a house for the first time
in live months. It was 'ledry i>f small things
with Portland. That evening, he reached Ore-
gon City, then the captial of the <'ounty. Here,
he msted a few days, and leaving his little hair
tr,ink, which he had gotten safely across the
plains, with a few books ami clothes, he started
(.i: foot for LaKayette, then a jjromising young
town in its third year, and which was the
county seat of Vam Hill county. His purse be-
ing nearly empty he made an urningement witli

! 5

HISTORY OF OtiKdON.

351

Professor Jolm K. li^'le to aiil liiiii to tin; closu
of the term of school he was teaching for h
compensation 8iifH(!ient to imy his l)oanl. When
tile term e\|)ire(l, lie taii^lit anotlier term as an
eqnai partner, and made $75 a montii, and a
pleasant acfjiiuintanee witli tiie l)e8t people of
the county, and not a few hoys and ^firls, now
heads of tainiiies, speak witli pleasure of having
gone " to school to Jndi^e Deady." Tiie Jndj^e
acted as adviser and aid to the County Coinmis
sioner in settiug the legal machinery of the
county in motion. In March, 1850, he made
his dehut as a lawyer in Oregon hofore Judge
(). C. Pratt, in three cases, a criminal action, a
civil one and a suit for divorce. The court was
held in a large unoccupied room in Jacoh
Ilawn's tavern. The bench and furniture were
improvised for the occasion, but the dignity and
order of the court, so far as the same depended
on the Judge, would not suffer from a compari-
son with Westminister Hall. The first 8100 he
got ahead he sent l)ack to St. Clairsvjlle, to
Henry Kennon, to discharge some pecuniary
obligations he was under to him and others, who
were kind enough to help him when he left
there. They had heard that he had died of
cholera on the plains, and had given up the
amount for lost, the receipt of the remittance
being the fir.-it news they had received to the
contrary. At the election on the tirst Monday
in June, 1850, he was chosen, without conven-
tion or caucus, a member of the House of
Representatives from Yam Hill c>)unty, and dur-
ing the summer, he took charge, for two months,
of the store of his friend. Elder Glen O. Uur-
nett, brother of Governor Burnett, of California,
while he was gone to San Francisco after goods.
Tiie currency was largely gold dust. For a
small sum, he took a pinch from the customer's
buckskin bag of dust, while large sums were
Weighed out in the coffee and sugar scales, the
store usually getting down weight. The Willam-
ette valley Indians were good customers, and
in dealing with them, he became somewhat pro-
ficient in the Chinook jargon, and sometimes on
Sundays ho attended the Campbellite meeting
at the county Rchoolhouse. In December ho
Went to Oregon City, to attend the session of
the l.eiiislatiire, where he met for the first time,
Asahel Rush, then ('lerk of the House; and also
James W^. Nesmith. With them he formed a
friendship, which colored his after life, and
which, indeed, had a marked intlueiice on the
onrront of public affairs, causing them some-

times to l)(! chIKmI the triumvirate. ,ludge
Deady's ])ubli(' career then commenced, and be
has never since been out of the harntsss. Dur-
ing this .session, he served on several important
committees, including the judiei.iry, aiirk in drafting bills, writing
reports and shaping legislation in the i^ommit-
tces of the House. At the close of the session,
at the request of the Secretary, (Tcneral Kdwar<l
Hamilton, he prepai'ed for publication the hnvs
then passed, also certain laws of the session of
IS-iy, making the head and side notes thereto,
the whole inakinga volume, which was published
under the direction of the Secretary. It was
the first volume of laws published in the Terri-
tory, and is sometimes called the Hamilton ('ode.
In 1851 lie was elected member of the Legis-
lative Council; he served for two regular .ses-
sions and one special one, being President of
the Council at the session of 1852-'53, and
Chairman of the .ludiciary Committee at the
prifir one. He became a ruling spirit in the
Legislature, and took an active part in all its
deliberations and proceedings.

On June 24, 1852, he was married to Miss
Lucy A. Henderson. She was the eldest child
of Kobert Henderson, a prosj)erous farmer of
Vam Hill county, who came to Oregon with his
family in 1846. He was a native of Tennessee,
but was raised iii Kentucky, marrying Miss
lihoda Ilolman, of Kentucky, her ancestors be-
ing Virginians. Judge Deady has three chil-
dren living: Edward Nesmith, a prominent
young lawyer of Portland; Paul Robert, also a
lawyer, who for some years has acted as (Jom-
missioner of the United States Circuit Court;
the third son, Henderson Brooke Deady, being
engaged in the study of medicine.

In the spring of 1853 Judge Deady was ap-
pointed by the President, one of the Judges of
the Supreme Court of Oregon. He held court
in the south of the three districts, twice a year
in each county. There were no considerable
towns, and no courts had ever been held there
bef(U'e. In the summer of 1853 he paid a
squatter to abandon a claim on Campas Swale
in the Umpqua valley, which he took under the
Donation Act, moving his fa.mily there in the
fall of that year. The location was beautiful,
anil he named it Fair Oaks. There, he lived,
carrying on improvements on his property until
18()0. dividing bis time between holding court
and laboring with bis own hands. And there
still may be seen the fruitful orchards and vines

^a^sm

:'5'->

msro/ir of ohkuon.

wliicli lie pliintiMl hiuI trniiH>(l with Itis own
liHiids iliiriii;; the int'TvalH of judicial lulior.
lie wa> iil>stMit at the capitHl, linliliiii; court
aliiiiit liall iif t'Mcli yi'ar, and in t^o doin^ travcli'd
at li'U^t l.u(M) mill's annually, nm-it of wldcli was
doMf on liorscback. lie ori^anizi'il the conrts
in lour ol' the counticg if soutliein Oroj^on,
opciiiil ihf i'»H!ords, ami f)ften wrote them up
dnrin'; the evrninff, I^iirinj; this entire ])eriod.
he never missed a e.ourt or failed to lie ))reseiit
at the hour for opeminj; one. and this remark-
alile record foi- intlexihle punctnality was made
in s|)ite of the fact that the Indian war of
iSoS'od occurred at this time, dnrinj; which
he jrenerally traveled alone all over the country,
administering the laws withont fear or favor,
and in one instance sentenced a white rntfian to
the penitentiary for the crime of killit)f» an In-
iliaii. ( Ml one w^casion. May 8, I85!l, he wan in
liosehur^', till county seat of his (^Doiijrlas)
county , hoiiliiif); court, when a man was arrested
on a chargeof assault, with intent to kill. After
\w had lieun pursued out of town and had liecn
tireil on hy a disorderly crowd, calling itself a
posiecominittee, the accnsej turneil on his piir-
Huers and tired his pistol, mortally woundinir
one of them, who was (jiiite a prominent man,
and an aspirant for the Sheriff's otHce. The ac-
cused was knocked down and heaten anil hrought
U|) the street in front of the hotel, when it was
ascertained that the wounded man was dying.
Immediately a cry went up from the e.xcited
crowd, llanj; him! hanj^ him! At this moment
Jiidf^e Deady came out of the hotel, where he
had lieen witli the wounded man, and asked of
a friend what was u|), and learned they were \^o-
\\\'^ to lianif the man. He immediately forced
his way into the center of the crowd of forty or
tilty persons, where he found the j)ri8oner on
his knees, his face i-overeii with blood, one end
of a lariat around his neck and the other in the
lianils of a nioiinted nniii, who was passing it
arontiil the horn of his saddle, preparatory to
dragging the man to death. As soon as the
man saw him, he cried out, "Oh! Judge, save
me! for (lod's sake save me!" Loosing the loop
of tlie lariat, whicli was already tightening on
Ills neck, he threw it over his head, just as the
rider -tarted on his devilish deed. Directing
tile crowd to stand hack, he called the Sheriff to
come with him, and take the prisoner to the
jail, which he did. The .hidgc says lie never
knew how he got through the crowd, hut a
young man of about 160 pounds weight told

liini afterward that he was on the outside of
the ring and opposed his body to his further
progress, but the Judge caught him in his arms
and threw him over his head backward, when
an o|ieniiig was made in the crowd. This was
the only case of mob violence tliat occurred in
the district where he was then Judge.

A (,'onvention for forming u C'onstitution for
a State, met at Salem, August 17, 1857. Judge
Deady was a member of this convention for
Douglas county, and was elected President of
the convention. Although in the chair he took
an active part in x\w formation of tlie constitu-
tion, particularly on theCominitteeof tlie Whole
and was largely instrumental in giving to the
State its very comprehensive and valuable con-
stitution. It was adopted by the people No-
vember !), 1857, by a large vote, and in June,
1858, an election was held for the choice of a
IjCgislature ami otKcers of the new State. The
Judges of the Supreme Court were each elected
from the district in which they lived, and
Judge Deady, withont opposition, was elected
for his district, in which he had held court for
8i.\ years. On the admission of Oregon into
the tjnion, in 1869, he was appointed United
States District Judge. Upon receipt of his
commission, dated March 3, 1859, he i]ualitied,
and at the same time declined the former posi-
tion. In the fall of 1860, he says, " I left the
dear old farm and the domestic animals, with
which I was on familiar and friendly terms,
the garden, the orchard and vines, on wliich I
liad labored for years, and removed to I'ortland,
where I have ever since lived, holding the
United States Courts." In 1862 he was ap-
pointed one of the Code Commissioners and pre-
pared the Code of Civil Procedure, whicii was
enacted by tlie Legislature the following Stip-
teinber. He also prepared an Incorporation
Act, whicli was passed as prepared, with one
important addition and it has kept its place on
the State oook ever since. He was then asked
by the Legislature to prepare a Code of Criminal
Procedure and a Penal Code; he prepared these
anil also a .lustice's Code, all of which wore en-
acted by the Legislature in 1864, and are still
in force. Later, the Legislature asked him to
make a compilation of all the laws of Oregon,
including the codes then in force, for publica-
tion. It was, for various reasons, a great under-
taking, and required great care and discrimin-
ate judgment. The work was well done; it
covered 100 pages, and placed the laws of Oregon

UlSronY Vh' OHKUOM.

■Mil

for the first time in conveiiieiit iiiid iicceHsiMe
simno, and Deady's (^odes and (Jonipilation
rank liij/ii ainonir tlie prodiuitidiiM of tliis kind.
In 1S74, in conjnncticm with La Fayotte l^aiie,
lie niadu a eirnilar conipihition, and Few, it' any,
States liave liad thu work done at so jitth* <!ost
and 80 ably executed. Independent of his !ei;al
writing's he lias coiitril)ntc(i larjfely to the pe-
riodicals of tlie day, and ills pnblic lectures and
addrcsa(!S (models in their way) have heon a|)-
proved by tiie best judgment at home and
abroad. In lS(57-6S-'()i) there was no Circuit
Judge of the United States Courts on this
coast, and Judge IJoady was assigned by Mr.
Justice Field to hold tiiis (Jireuit Court in San
Francisco, and lie was thus employed three
months in each of these years, and cleared the
long delayed docket. While acting in that
capacity, his great abilities were fully admitted
by the bar of San P^-ancisco, ami they psissed
and provided him with resolutions of thanks
anti appreciation. During his judicial career,
he has tried many cases of note and his deci-
t^ions have been so learned and just that i,iiey
have coi'imaTided the highest respect. There is
not an agency of culture in the State which had
not received some benefit from his direct efforts
or counsels. As President of the Board of lie-
gents of the State Univer-sity of Oregon, he is
the leading spirit of that institutioi> and gives
mucii time and labor to advance its interests.
The excellent Portland Library is a child of his
creation and continuing care, and through it he
has done much toward developing the literary
taste of this community. His selection, by
Senator Stanford, as a iiegent of ijeland Stan-
ford, Jr., University, was a happy choice. Of
all the citizens of Oregon he is most fit for the
trust. His life has been a great, pure, good
life, and his public work will be remembered
with gratitude by the future generation of in-
telligent people that shall inhabit this great
commonwealth, in the founding of which ho has
taken so prominent a part, and from whom its
liberal and l)enign laws have largely emanated.
He has made an impression on his State for
good, and his name and memory will be revered
by every worthy citizen o£ Oregon, while the
world lasts and history is preserved.

§ !^«'^'''^-=-?'* "

fl'. McDANIKL, an intlucntial resident
of Cove, Oregon, was born in I'l'iiton
» county, Missouri, May 2, l>i:j'J, the sixth
child in a family of eight children, of Kiios
and Clara (Jackson) McUaniid, nativ(!s of Iv<mi-
tueky. Mr. McDaniel, Sr.. inove<l to Missouri iit
an early day and continued there his occupi
tion of fanning, later moved to Kansas, wliiM'e
Mrs. McDaniel died, in 18oil. an 1 Mr. McD.ui-
iel, in 1S74, at the age of sjveiity-six. Our
subject has one brother in Diillas (•ounly,
Texas, one in Marion couniy, Oregon, one in
Vallejo, (California; neither is married; and he
has a sister in Indian Territory and one in
Missouri.

Our subject came to Oregon in 1S()1, having
crossed the plains as a teamstcM-, being six
months making the journey. He had many
unpleasant ailventures with the Indians. His
first location was' in {'ortbind, where he worked
at a sash and door factory, at §20 a month.
Remaining tiiere until iSO'd, he came to Union
county and located at Cove. This place was
named from a small cove that extends up into
tlie mountain, nine miles liortlieast of Union, in
the (Jrande liunde valley, and he began work at
his trade of carpenter, in 1863.

In 18(55 he was married tn Miss Frances J.
Cowles, a very highly esteemed lady, a native
of Nashville, Tennessee, born there May 4,
'184.'}. She came first to Illinois from there to
Hoone county, Missouri, and in ISfil came
across the plains. The company had many
narrow escapes from the Indians, and the savages
gave them a great deal of trouble, trying to
stampede their stock. Her brother was taken
sick and died on the road, Altogether it was
a weary journey of six motiths. Her uncle
stopped at Auburn, in Baker county, where he
remained a short time, and in Decern' 1862,
they came to Cove and settled on the farm
where they now reside. Mrs. McDaniel was
the first white woman that went on the moun-
tains that lie just east of Cove. This is a very
high peak and it has been named after her,
Mount Fanny, and it can be seen many miles
away. Mr. and Mrs. McDaniel have a very in-
teresting family of six ciiildren, of whom we
will sp(!ak. The oldest son, Samuel D., is a
graduate of Scott's University, at Portland, but
is now at home and has a third interest in the
store with his father; Edwin B., has become a
physician, attending his first lectures when but
I seventeen years of age, and receiving his di-

354

UIsrORY OF ORSOON.

\i\ I

M
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■; i

i :;!

jiliiiiiii, Miircli 2H, 1891, wlicii lint iiiiietoen, lie
liii\ iiif; fjruiiiiiiti'd witli honor lit tin- lii'iid of his
cliiss. Ill' is now pi-c|iiiiiii{; to iitti'iul tiio Mt'ii-
iciil i^ximiiiiiitioii ISoiifd at I'ortinnii iiiici will
iitti'ml ii coiiisf of lectures in I'liiliideljiliin.
('addle I)., tiie next cliiiil. is attendinix tlie As-
cension sehool; and (iraee (".. Uoy (!., and liir-
die ('. aiv all at iionie. Mr. MeDaniel and ids
nnele, Mr. S. I). Coles, have lieeii eiigaj^ed in a
general nierclmndise hiisiness at Cove, liaving
now a hii'^re .-tore and doin^ a luisiness of ^25,-
(MIO a vear. Mr. McDaniel has one of the fin-
est lioines in the valhv, a lieaMtiliil eottaire. lo-
fated in a large lawn, covered with lilne-grass,
and surrounded witli tine eliade trees. In the
liejolilporiiood of Cove he owns 45(1 acres of
tine land, ht'.vinff KM) a<-res in his farm adjoin-
inj.'. and where his lious(> and >tore is located,
!ind this land is Worth over ^l(K) per acre,
lie is a M'rv jnipnhir nienilier of the Demo-
cratic Jiarty, Inning heen nominated as liepre-
.-enfalive of lii» county, and will no doulit
reit'ive a great many Uepnhlican votes. He is
a niemlier of the Masonic fraternity, Cove
Lodge, No. 91, also a nieniher of the Cha|)tc",
and received a medal from his lodge lor his
iihle manner of coiidnctitig its alfairs. Mr.
McDaniel is a memlier of the (irand l.odw,
has III en a delegate several times and has repre-
eented it in June, 1892.

fOWKN AND S.MALL, editors and j)ro-
jirietors of the liaker City DemociiHt.
Ira H. liowcn was horn in Cook county,
Illinois, Novemher 28, 1858, and is the fifth
child lioni to I. P.. and .\nn (Dooley) Bowen.

(^eorge l>. .Small was horn in C(dnsa county,
California, .January 11, l.Sti4, ami was the
third child of Samuel and Frances E. (Levens)
Sunill, natives of .Missouri, who moved to Cali-
fornia in the tifticK (ieorge moved to Oregon
in 1871. He received his education at La
(irande University, and in 1887 he was mar-
ried to Miss \ea H. Hazeltine. The}' have
one child, Nea II. Small, born June 12, 1890.

In May. 1S87, the firm of liowen ife Small
was organized ami hought the I'aker (Mty
Daily Democrat. They were hoth young men,
witli little capital, and so wereohliged to go in-
to deht very iieavily for their ])a])er, as they
paid §2,500 for the office and outfit. After

going into the husiness tiu'y soon saw that they
woidd he compelled to put in an entire new
plant, which they did at a cost of iJu.OtlO.
This increased their deht to ^17,500, l)ut they
were hoth young men, fnll of courage and am-
hition and willing to work. They did all tiie
Work themselves, from editor-in-chief to "j)rint-
er's devil." and have consequently prospered.
The leading editorial lost none ot its force hy
heing set up and run off hy its . ithor, ami lo-
cal hits only gained piiiinin 'y as they grew
under the ninihle fingers of tlio pro])rietor tvjie-
sctter. As a result of this industry they are
now o\it of deht and have a circulation of 2,00(>
for their weekly and 1,500 for their daily.
Their ofHce is one of the prettiest in the State
of (•)regon. A nine-column Cottrell power
juess runs off their pajier. in douhle time, night
and day. The weekly edition, called tiie lied
Uock Democrat, was one of the first }mpers ig-
sued in eastern Oregon, the tirst niimher heing
issued May 11. 1870. The tiriii have a tile
complete of the paper from its tirst issue to the
present day, having purchased tliem from a
gentleman, who had preserved them, at a cost
of ^800. Thev j)nhlisli the hest daily and
weekly east of i'ortlaml, and their circulation is
larger, their advertising heavier and their poli-
tics sounder, in favor ol tlie Democratic |)arty,
than any other daily in this part of the country.
Altliougli they are such good L>emocrat.s their
paper is so newsy that it is taken alike hy He-
puolicans, third party and Democrats, who
want fresh news, well written, as well as poli-
tics. Their own party regard it as a party or-
gan, so well are all party measures defined and
discifssed. The success d' this tiriii is due to
the perseverance and thrift of the two young
men who form the partnersliip. Their paper
is the ailvocate of every improvement tending
to henetit the city or county, and the voice of

Firogress sounds in every line of the hreezy
ittle sheet. .. ,

^.^-^.^ _

lARLE M. VAN SLYCK, a prominent
druggist of Haker ('ity. Oregon, was horn
^ , in Hudson, Wisconsin, .funuary 11, 18()2,
and although young in years he is old in his
profession, as he has heen engaged in a phar-
macy ever since old enough to enter one.

The father of our suoject. Isaac N. Van Slyck,
was horn on the Hudson river, in New York, in

UIHTOity OF OUKOON.

■.w,

-A

1818, Hiid WHsaphyBicimi by profession aiiden-
<;a;;('il in tilt' prsicticc of tneiliciiK! in ('icuni.
New Vorlv, until 1851*, wIumi lie reniovt-d to
Wisconsin on account of liis poor iieiiltli, trust-
in j^ tiiat tt ciiunj^c of climate would prove licnc
ticial to iiini. In 18ti5 lie reinos'ud from Wis-
consin to New Jersey, and remained in I'nrlintf-
ton three years, when his death occurred, rcsiilt-
inj; from consumption, with which disease he
had been sutferinif for many years, lie was
married to Miss Elizaheth Mo^s, of I'erry.
Livinjrston county. New York, born in 1829,
married in 1847. iJr. and Mrs. Van Slyck had
five children born to them, of whom the subject
of this sketch was the third. Mrs. i^. K. (Terould,
of Portland, Oregon, and Miss Euiiisa Van
Slyck, of Seattle, Wasiiington, are the only
members of this family yet living.

Mr. Van Slyck, our subject, was reared
principally in New York, where he receiveil a
common-scliool education. Although he has
never enjoyed the advantages offered by attend-
ance upon a school of |tharniacy, he is thoroufjlily
versed in all branches of this important profes-
sion, having gained his knowledfje by hard study
and practical experience in the business, lie
was engaged in the drug business iii lli.xford,
4*ennsylvania, for three years before he came to
Oregon, making the trip in 1884. After his
arrival he first clerked for Mr. (,'. W. James, of
liaker City, one of the leading druggists of the
place. Mr. Van Slyck was then elected City
liecorder and Police Judge, which olHces he
held for the spac" of two terms.

In October, 1887, Mr. Van Slyck was mar-
ried to Miss Irene Messick, of Portland, born
January 7, i8t)7, daughter of It. M. Messick, a
native of West Virginia, who came to Oregon
as a missionary ^or the Christian Church, being
a Christian .iiinister. He now resides in
IJreeken ridge, Missouri. Mrs. Van Slyck is
one of a family of five, namely: .f. B., an attor-
ney in UakerCity; Jennie, Margaret and Mary,
living in Salem, Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. Van
Slyck have one child, Ilutli, born October 19,
1888.

Ill the spring of 1888 he went to Placer min
ing in Grant county, Oregon, but after two
years' residence he returned to Maker City, decid-
ing, after looking at various locations in Cali-
fornia and Washington, that this little city t'ul-
tilled his reiiuirements for a location best. In
1891 he etigaged in his life profession. IIo
now carries a stock of $7,500 worth of goods

and does a large and tlourishiug business, his
receipts the first year aniDUiiiing to .SliO.nilO.
He is a iiKMiiber of the lif|ml>liciin parly, and
is a member of the State (Neutral ('oiiirnittee.
Socially he atKliates with the K. of P.

"'^I**H^3^ «^-=-^— -^-

§ ON. OLIVER M. DODSON, M. 1).. mie
of the excellent ])liysiciaiis of IJakcr City,
Oregon, is the original of this sketcli.
He was born in Athens. Tennessee, December
18, 1842, was reared there and attended the
coiiimon schools until he was eighteen years oh!,
when he left school to enlist in the army, at Camp
Robinson, Kentucky. The father of our sub-
ject, Oliver Dodson, was born at ('nmberlan<l
Cap. on the old (Jotral farm. Thence ho removed
to lluntsvilli!, Alabama. Iiecoming one of the
tlrst settlers of that jilace. He married a Miss
Elizabeth Ely, a native of Virginia, who died in
1873, at the age of eighty-four years. ,Mr.
Dodson was born in 1789, died in 188K, at the
age of ninety-four years. Tliey bad been the
parents of thirteen children, of whom our sub-
ject was the youngest and all of this large I'amil}'
lived to be grown, the youngest death occurring
at the age of twenty-one, the oldest at the ago
of sixty.

Dr. Dodbon enlisted in ('ompany F, First
Kentucky Cavalry, Angii.-t 31. 18(il, at ('amp
Dick Robinson, at Cotral farm, and served as a
private until 18(52, when he was promoted to be
First Sergeant of his company at Strawberry
plains, and further promoted to the ofHce of
First Lieutenant at the battle of Perryville.
His service continued until 18f)4, when he was
honorably <lischarged at Camp Xelson, Ken-
tucky. IIo was then commissioned by Andrew
Johnson as Major, January, 18t)5. and again
served in the war until his discharge, July 27,
18()5, at Nashville, Tennessee, being at that
time in command of the regiment. Major Dod-
son saw hard service as the following record of
battles will testify. He was engaged in the
battles of Wild Cat Mountain; Paint Oeek,
with Garfield; Perryville; siege of Kiioxville,
under liurnside; Philadelphia, Tennessee, near
Loudon; and in skirmishes at Bull's Gap and
Strawberry Plains; and was with Sherman to the
taking of Atlanta, Georgia. At the battle of
Lebanon, Tennessee, his hip was broken. While
fighting Morgan in tliat engagement his regi-

nn I

n\^

I <!
I, ''i

896

UlaTOHY OF OltKllON.

ini'iit c'liptiirt'cl -ISO of Morj^niiV (•(uniimiiil. wns
iii;iiiii ((lii^litly WdiifKlcil near m' lit MiPiiiit Ster-
liii)_r. Kciitucl<_v. I'lit lint I'noMijIi t(» iIImiIiIu liiiii.
'I'liiiftlu'r with his rc<;iiiit'iit, lie took [iiirt in the
Ijutlli'tt of liiizziird's i{ooKt, Itc.-iicit, AUitooim,
IJiiiiit Hickory, flc, iiiiil was witli («uiu>|'h1
StoiiiMiian when he siiireiidered at Macon, Ueor-
gia, his hiii;aile colllJ)l■i^illl; the Firnt and
Eleventh Kentucky (!avairy, wiiich cut tiii'oiii;h
tlie enemy's lines and letmned lo Atlanta in
peril ct oi'iler.

At the close of the war the Doctor returned
to ids home in Athens, where he was married
to Misii liiicy A. Kelly, an old schoolmate, horn
in Tennessee, iti lS-42. After marriage the
Doctor and his wife reMiaine<i there until IKIi'J,
when they removed to San Francisco, reachinif
there I'elirnary 2(5. settlliiij in Woodlan<l, Yolo
county, where he remained, engaijed in farming
for live years. aii<l in 1873 caine to Oregon,
settling ill Dallas. I'olk county. On the 23il
of Fehruai-y. 1874, his wife died, and he then
entered the medical department of tlie Willa-
mette University, at Salem, receivinj; the degree
of AI. D, .Iuiie"l2, 1S77. He was then made
Medical Surgeon at the .\[alhenr Indian .\geiicy,
under Major W. 'J'. Ilinheart, agent, serving
there one year. He then located at I'rairio City,
(iiaiit county, Oref^on. where he remained until
August. 1S82. when he went to New York and
entered lielleviie hospital, and there received
his degree of M. D. a second time, ('oming
hack to Oregon he settled in JJaker I'ity, where
he has followed his profession ever since. Here
he organized the .loe Hooker I'ost, No. 20,
(t. A. K., servini; as Commander tor three years,
ami has served as Aid de Camp on the national
staff' as .liinior Vice (joinniander of the depart-
ment of Oregon.

In 1890 our sniiject was elected to the State
Senate on the Uepiihliean ticket, which honor
ahle position he is still tilling, having only
served two years. His Senatorial district is No.
22, consisting of Baker and Malheur counties.

Dr. Dodson was married the second time, in
Se|)tetnlier. 1885, to Miss ijelle Gray, and three
cliililieii have lieen horn to this union, namely:
Kalph M., Olive Monroe and Elizaheth thine.
(Jur suhject has had his own way to make in
life, eighteen silver dollars representing the
sum with which he started out. He served
valiantly thiongh the war, has since educated
himself, possesses two diplomas from two medi-
cal institutions, owns a niece home in the town

of iiaker City, which cost him 1^8,000. and en-
joys an e.xcellent jiractice in his nrol'e.-tsion, he-
sides heiiig a proniiiient political factor in his
part of the county.

W. liOYAL. M. D., of East i'ortland,
was horn in Virginia, Sejitemher 16,
* 1835, a son of ,lohii Royal, who was
a native of the State of Maine, of English an-
cestry wiio were early settlers of the colonies.
John Royal married .Miss Hannah Sargent, also
a native of Maine, and had six children, four of
whom are living.

Dr. Royal, their third child, graduated at
Mowdoin ('ollege, Hrunswick, Maine, in 1862,
ant] at once entered the Union army, as a sur-
geon, and during the whole period of the san-
guinary struggle ministered to the wants of the
wounded and dying. The Tenth Army (Jofps,
with which he was connected, was a part of the
Army of the I'otomac, and also of the Army --f
the .lames. The Doctor's position as surgeon
lirouglit him in contact with the horrors of the
great Civil war, and he did all in his power to
alleviate the sufferings of the " Injys in hliie"
who were wonnde(l in defense of the Govern-
ment; and the duties of the army surgeon with
a heart to symjiathize with the intense human
suffering, were often mo.-it depressing, hut
the Doctor "staid" with the "boys "until he
was mustered out in 186().

After returning from the war he began his
practice in Maryland, but did not like it there,
and moved to Kirksville, Missouri, where he
practiced several years. He was married there
in 18B9, and the following year removed to San
Diego, California, where he practice<l several
years, and where two of his children were born.
After si.x years' practice in San Diego he moved
to Santa Rosa, same State; but, becoming con-
vinced of the bright future in store for the
State of Oregon and the city of Portland, he re-
moved hither and purchased property, opened
an office, built a dwelling and became identified
with the interests of East Portland, where he
has since resided. lie has a good residence,
stable an<l carriage, which he has built accord-
ing to his own ideas. He has a large practice,
and has nearly worn himself out in the profes-
sion.

He is a member of the K. of P., and P. C.
of Phalanx Lodge, No. 14, of Portland, and

UlSTOliY Of Ollh'OOM.

X,l

since coining to I'urtlnnil iisis Ih'imi Surgeon of
the (-irand Army of the Uepuhlic, Snniner I'oat,
No. 12, for fight or nine yeiWH. In 188H he
WHS Surjieon (ieneral of tlie l)e|mrtuifnt. He
is an active ineinlM'r of the ()re;;on States Medi-
cal AsKociation, and he is an honorary ineniher
of the [''orcHters.

Hefore the war the Doctor was a Douglas
Democrat in his |ioliticai sympatliien, hut since
tiien lias voted witli tlie HepiiolicanB.

Marcii 13. 1S69. is tlie date ot the Doctor's
marriage to Mins Helen A. Eddy, a native of
Michigan, and they have had four children. The
two younger were Ixirn here in Oregon.

SOSS MKIillKMv, a prosperous and es-
teemed Oregon pioneer of 1852, who has
contril)Uted hif share toward the develop-
ment and up-hnilding of tlie great common-
wealth, was horn in Harrison county, Ohio,
January 22, 1825. His |)Rrent8 were David and
Mercy (Williams) Merrick, hoth natives of
J'entisylvania. They had ten children, four
daughters and six sons, the suhjeet of our sketch
heing the seventh in order of birth.

He was raised on his father's farm in Ohio,
and attended the district school in winter. He
there learned the cahinot-makcr's trade, and,
when twenty years of age, moved to Illinois,
which was then a new and hut slightly settled
country. From there he went to Iowa, where
he worked for four years on the Mississippi
river.

On January 22, 1850, he was married, in
Iowa, to Miss Jane Brown, a highly esteemed
lady and a native of the State of Ohio. She was
a daughter of Mr. David Brown, a well-known
and jirosperous resident of Iowa, and a native of
lielfast, Ireland.

In 1852 Mr. Merrick and his young wife
crossed the plains to Oregon. Their journey
was safe and uneventful, and they arrived in
Portland on October 4. of that year. Th'; iTush
had been cut out of some of the streets, where
the stumps were still remaining. There was
but little employment to be found there, except
cutting saw-logs, and Mr. Merrick went to Mil-
waukee in search of work, there being more
doing in the latter place at that time. He worked
for several years in the mill and lumber busi-
ness, and afterward was engaged with Mr.
Lewellan in the nursery business, in which ho

was for six years a partner. He also worked
some at his trade in Milwaukee. In 18(i2 he
mined for a few months in Idaho and Montana,
ami wliilt! in the mines averaged from :$15 to
^'M) and as high as iRK) a day. In 1871 he
moved to I'ortlaiid. where he worked as a mill-
wright and in house-huilding until 1871) In
1877 he movefl to Kast Portland, where he pur-
chased lots on the corner of I and I'iltccnth
streets, oTi whic'h he erecrted his present com-
fortable home, where he and his faithful wife
still continue to reside, in the enjoyment of good
health and a reasonable amount of the necessi-
ties required, and is the recipient of the iini
versal«steem of their neighbors and con niunity.

Mr. Merrick is no longer engaged in business
pursuits, but, aside from speculating in city
[)roperty. lives on the interest of his money,
which he loans, and whi<di he accumulated by
industry and economy of for'iier years.

In 1850, when the movi<ment was organized
which culminated in the Republican party, he
became an earnest advocate of its principles,
with which |)arty he lias since consistently re-
mained, and of the record of which he justly
feels [)roud. His constituents at once signaled
their good judgment and his worth when they
elected him to the office of Marshal of East
Portland, in which capacity he served satis-
factorily for three years. He also served for
four years as a member of the City (Council,
were he displayed his custonuiry ability and
integrity.

He has been a Master Mason for thirty-three
years, and is a worthy inemi)er of the Multomah
Lodge, No. 1, which was the first lodge to be
formed in the State. At this time he is a mem-
ber of Washington Lodge, No. 4(5.

Thus has the magnificent State of Oregon re-
warded one who exhil)ited his faith in her
lionndless resources, who by persistent effort
wrenched from her industries the just reward
of intelligence and industry.

fOLONEL JOHN McORAKEN, who has
been a resident of the Stale of Oregon
since November, 1850, is a native of En-
gland, horn in the city of London, July 11, 1826.
His father, John McCraken, Sr., was a native; of
Dublin, Ireland, hut was born of Scotch parents.
He emigrated to the United States in 1832, ac-
compsniod by his wife and six chihiren. The

I»9

UlSTOltY Oh' OHKlloN.

mother dicil in 1S30, tiiul lie diod the followiiijf
year; lint two of the ehiMreii survive. Our
suhjeet tiien went to live witli (iilliort Miiiiiions,
a farmer in ICant llaiiihiin. (Ninnectieiit, who
treated liim witii ^reat kiiidnen(( and considera-
tion. Mr. Kninioiis iiad sons who were nior-
cliants in Uhode Island, aiui tiiey employed
their lather's portiigi' from tlie time lie was six-
teen until he had rtMudit<d liis niiiet(;cntli year.
lie then returned to New York ami worked
witii an older lirother until his twenty-third
year. At tiiis age he came to California and
cniragcd in Imsintjss in Stockton; the lirm was
Underliill & .NfcCraken. l-earning of the larf^o
Government land donations in Oregon, Uolonel
McCraken came to the State and located at (Jie-
<ron (Jity. where he |)iircliased an interest in the
Island Mills, both tlour and Bawiiiills. (tenerai
dosepli Lane and his son were ])artners in the
business. In the fall of 1852, tliey had (juunti-
ties of wheat for which they paid $5 a bnsliol; a
freshet came which wrecked this jiroperty,
necessitating an immense outlay or money.
When the mills were in repair and ready for
grinding;, tlour had drop|)ed from !?40 a liarrol
to iSlO and ^512. The Lanes sold their interest,
and (^olr-iel .McCraken wasoiiligeil to relinquish
his share tor indebtedness, and bejfin his career
in the commercial world anew.

In the winter of 185i}-'o-t he was elected
Clerk of the Ilonseof Kepreseiitatives, and went
to Salem to live. The following year President
Buchanan appointeil him United Srates Marshal.
In the Indian war of 1855-'5() he was appointed
Assistent (Juarterinaster-(Teneral by GoveriiDr
Curry, receiving at the same time the rank bt
Colonel. He served in that capacity two years.
In 1857 he entjaged in the produce commission

~ O I

business in Portland, Mr. Richards, an old
schoolmate, being his partner; the latter made
San Francisco liis head<iuarters, and (Colonel
McCraken managed the business at Portland.
They conducted a very proHtable establishment
until 18t)5, when Mr. liichards was lost off the
coast lit (!resoent ('ity. The firm then became
N McCraken, Merrill & Co., and this firm exported
die first two shiploads of flour from this port,
one to England and one to Australia. In 1870
tliev dissolved partnership, and Colonel Mo-
('raken continued the business alone. In 1874-
'75 he had several cargoes of wheat afloat, and
when the Tiirko- Russian war terminated wheat
went down with a crash. The same year he lost
very heavily on wool, the market being greatly

depressed by the lalior riots in Pittsburg. From
the fall of 1882 until the fall of IHS4, lie was in
the wholesale grocery iiusiness with Mr. .Mason,
and Ciirried on the trade alone until 1^88. lie
then sold out and made arrangements with the
Tacoina ife Roche Harbor Lime Company to
handle the product of their works in Portland.
He and his two sons are now doing a large? and
suucossfiil business, handling (quantities of
building material. TIk? Arm is .1. .McCraken &
Co., James and Henry being the partners.

The Colonel was married in Oregon, in 1857,
to Miss Ada Painbrun, a native of this State
and a daughter of Ale.vander Painbrun, agent of
the Hudson's Ray (.Jompany. at Walla Walla.
They have had born to them tive children, who
are living; Henry E. ; James R. ; John F. ; Ada
.M.. the wife of Cliurle.j H. Hurley, of Tacoma;
and Robert G. The third son is in business at
Sacramento, and the two oldest sons are married
anil reside in Portland. Colonel McCraken is
a Mason, and is devoted to the orthir. He has
been Master of his lodge, lliith Priest td' his
chapter, and Commander of his commandery.
He was Inspector-(ieneral of the Thirty-third
degree, Scottish Rite, (intil the breaking out
of the Civil war \w was a Democrat in his polit-
ical views, but since that time he has atHliated
witli the Republican party. During the great
strife his heart was with the ol<i flag and the
Government of the Union. He has always
been interested in the growth and prosperity of
the State, and takes a just pride in tiit? place
she lias won among tlie sister States of this
Union.

'^■^^^•^

y)N. SEBASTIAN C. A DAMS, an honored
pioneer of Oregon, was born July 28,
,^^ 1825, near Sandusky, Huron county, Ohio.
His father, Captaiti Sebastian Adams, was a na-
tive of Salisbury, Vermont, was the owner of
several vessels, sailed on the lakes, meeting with
many thrilling adventures, and engaged in the
war of 1812. He was a man of great nerve and
courage. Ho married Eunice Harmon, a native
of Rutland, Vermont, and had eight children,
three sons and tive (laughters, tive of whom are
living.

Mr Adams, our subject, the youngest sou in
the above family, moved to Galesburg, Illinois,
in 1837, and received his education in Knox
College there, famous for the thorough disci-

msruuv OF nuKiio.v

■.m

jiliiie of its fciu-lii-'rn. After (|iiittiiifj tlmt iii-
ktitiitioii \w liegitii ti'ai'liiii)r, mill bo <Miiis|ikMii)iis
WH« liis Inciilty of iitipHi'tin^ iiiHtriictioii tlmt
!iiH survices weru iilwayr* in (Ifirmnil. Iliw fiitlicr
dii'd ill 1S47. nml in 1^50 lif I'liiiu- ovcrliind to
CalifoniiH, iowin); evi-rytliing liu liiui on tiu' jour-
ney mill sntTerinij with stiirviition. so tlmt on
reaeliini; iiib iletitination he wad n (iuceii to a
Hkeleton anil actually lost ciinseioiinneHS; ho
conlil Imve cnffereil no more, concciouBly, hail he
actually dieil. lie rennnned forty dnyn in ("ali-
f'ornia. to recuperate, and tlien sailed on the
liark Ann Smith, tor I'ortiand. Orejjon, arriviii;r
Se|iteinl>er 1;5, 1850. lie went to his lirotlier.
W. L. Adainn, in Yam Hill county, and took
from the i;rant a section of land uniler the do-
nation law, and wrote for his mother and histers
to come to ()reij;oii, which they did in 1862.
with the older son, Oliver.

Mr. Adams lived four years on his lands and
taught school in a small rush shanty. Later lie
removed to McMinnville, and liecame the
foiiiiderof the town and the collejje, liuildini^
the lirst house in the place. He olitaincd the
land tor the colleijo and erected the hiiildinif,
and in 185(i took chari^eof the school, teaching
two years. Amon;^ his pupils were a numl)er
of younj; men who have since become eminent
in the State and county, as chief justices, jjov-
ernors of States, and memhers of ('oiii.jrcs8.
. This coUbge Mr. Adams presented to the I'lij)-
tists.

In 18fi2 Mr. Adams was elected County Clerk
of Yam Hill county; and such was his jiopn-
larity, owitij; to his efficiency and accoiiimoilat-
iiifT manner, that he was thrice re-elected to
that ottice. Then, against his |)rotest, he vva.s
nominated hy nearly a unanimous vote as a
candidate for State Senator. lie was elected,
and for four years represented his fellow citi-
zens of Yam Hill co\inty in the State Senate.
At the close of his term, for health and rest, he
spent the winter in San Jose, (California. In
1809 he settled in Salem, Orej^on, built a nice
residence and lived there for thirteen years.

For twenty-five years he was an etticient and
higlily acceptable Christian minister, connected
with the Christian Church of Salem, which was
largely built up by his preaching and ministra-
tions, and his society has been noted for its
broadness and Christian intelligence. Hut in
later years his liberal spirit has led him on into
rationalism and entirely out of the Christian
theological traces, but of course not away from

its moriils and retineinent. lie is a thoroughly
good man, with broad and enlightened views.

I)uring his teaching experience he became
tlinroiighlv imjiresseil with the idea of the
need of an improvi'iiient in the mi'thod of teach-
ing history, wliicli led, after much study, to his
becoming the aullior of a very valuable work
known as •> Adams' Illustrated Map of History."
He went to (Cincinnati in 1871, and, after the
publication of the niH)), s|KMit six years travel-
ing and selling it, and it was received with the
highest favor liy scholars in all parts of the
world; it proved a great success. It was ex-
hibited at the Centennial, and while there Mr.
Adams met prominent people from all jiarts of
the world. His map attracted iiiiich attention
and met with large sales, and it has been liigbly
coinmended by the prominent educators and
scholars of the United States.

Mr. Adams is a pioneer who came to Oregon
with the intention of lending his aid in open-
ing lip the coiintiy and advocating its educa-
tional interests; and it has been his good for-
tune to live to witness tliis wilderness " blossom
as the rose." He has now retired from active
business, and resides with his wife in a bounti-
ful home they have just had built, fronting the
courthouse grounds in Salem.

February 5, 1851, is the date of Mr. Adams'
marriage to''Miss Martha K. Mcl'ride, a native
of St. Louis, Missouri, and the daiighter of Dr.
James Mcliride, a gentlemaa of talent and
ability, who was minister to Ha-..'aii or Sand-
wich iBhinds, during President Lincoln's ad-
ministration. I5y this marriage tlie'e were four
chililren, of whom two are living. 'Die daigh-
tcr Finina is now the wife of Major Williams
of Salem, and the son Loring K , is a practic-
ing lawyer at Ilillsboro. Mrs. Adams died in
1882, and Mr. Adams was again married in
March, 1884, to Miss Martha F. Rayl, a lady
of fine literary attainments, who died Decem-
ber 8, 1888. Mr. Adams married his present
wife June 12. 1890. She was Mrs. Sarah Bab-
cock, a native of Jeflerson county. New Y''ork,
and the daughter of Daniel H. liaker.

^^-^^^

iLIVF:R RALSTON, of La Grande, Union
county, (Oregon, born in Brown county,
Ohio, August 17, 1840, son of Robert
and Rachel (Drake) Ralston, both natives of
Pennsylvania, removed with his mother to In-

;iiio

nisTom ot ou/iuuN.

(liiiiiii wlu'ii lie wiiH luit cijjht vfiirn old, \m fntlior
liiiviii;; liefiidniwimil two yiMPh pr.-viouHlv. Tlie
iiidtlicr (iifil ill till' year is7t'). Oliver \viih tin-
yl>llllJ,^•^t of six cliilijrcii, and :» tlic only out*
now iiviiifj. He Vfonivod an (Pi-dinary I'diiciition
in tilt! |)iililic, sc|io(dn of Indiana, and', at'tiT tliiit,
wah put to till- trailf nt' a cariHJiittT, an uccilim-
tion lie toilowx'd loi' a f;ii'at ninny yearn.

With patriotic /.oal he obcyud I'l-oHident l,in-
(•olir« lii-rtt call f..r 75,00(1 men, and in April,
iMIio. iMilir-ti'd ill Ihf Sfveiitli Indiana iMlaiitry.
Oidonel .Strai<,'lit'« ri';;iiniMit, ami hcrvcd out his
full term of fhivi' inonlliH; then re fiilislfd in
Conipany Ii, Thirty-third Imliana Infantry,
Berviii;; until tlie cioBe of the war. < )iir »ul>ject
was in a ^reat many l.attles and HkirmisheH, of
whidi the following are the prineial: Atlanta,
Niishville, Kno.wille. I'liilippi, Mill Sprinjrs
rwheivZi.Uieotrer was killed), Laurel Hill, ("heat
River, Franklin, in none of which was lie
wounded, imt was captured hy .hditi A. .Moiffan
and made \\\» eseajie after three weeks. After
the war he was dis(;liari;ed as Duty Sergeant, re-
turned home and resumed the trade he 1,'ad laid
down tour years liefore.

Our siiliject was married in lS70, to Miss
Kliza Slacke, a native of Kentucky, liut reared
in Ohio, and afterward removinjjf to Indiana.
Mr. Ralston came with his family to Oregon in
1*<78, and settled at (_!oo.^ Ray, Coos county, and
followed his trade of carpt-nter and hiiilder for
six years; then went to Pendleton and engaged
in the giocery Inisiness for more than two yt^Jirs.
sold out, and iiegan a furiiitiiro and undertaking
liusiiiess at La (iraiide, which he still follows.
He carries a very larj»e stock, valued at alioiit
Jl^ll.OIK), and his annual sales amount to ijiSO,-
000, and has heen very successful in his business.
He owns the store, which is located in the heart
of the business district, and is a handsome two-
story brick; also other business property and
four residences, he living in a good residence
distrii!t. The assessed valuation of his real
property is 822,000, besides his merchandise.

Mr. Ralston is a member of the Knights of
Pythias, of the Oliver P. Morton Post, (J. A.
R. (is its.luiiior Vice-Coininander); was mem-
ber of the City Council of Coos Hay for several
years, and also at La (4rande; and is a straight-
out Republican. He has a happy home, the
younger daughter, Daisy, livinff at home with
her [larents. Alice, the elder, is the wife ot
W. II. Garland, living at La (irande. Happy
in bis wife and two children, respected by

ail who know him. Mr. Ralston is a very ("ortr-
iiate man, indc'cd,

|HRRAL M.COFFKV, me of the pioneers
of the Paeilic coast, w.is born at Itooiie-
ville, ('ooper county, .Missouri, .MHr(di 15,
iKiJl. His father, .loel (lotfey, was a native of
Tennessei!. v.'lio married Sarah .Mackey, also a
native ot Tennessee. After their marriage they
came lo Cooper county, Missouri, in 1S;)0, set-
tled on a farm and Ii .'ed there until iSo'.*, when
the father died, in lSSi~), in I'matilla county,
aged sixty-nine years. His wile died in 1S5(),
aged fifty-two years. Ton children were born
to this tainily, of wlio>.i our subject and a twin
brother were the y.ningest, but only lour of the
family are now living. The two sisters are
Mary L. Abbott and K. A. Van Vleet, both
living in Portluml, and the iirother, .\. L,, is
the ('ounty Surveyor of Adams county, \Va^h-
ington, and living at Rit/.ville.

Our subject resided with his fatluu', atsisling
on the farm until he was of a^'e, during which
time he acquired a good common education at
the public schools of the neighborhood. In
18o2 the brothers and sisters and father bought
a team together, and started across the plains
for Oregon with five yoke of oxen, making the
journey in five months. Their first settlement
was at V^ancouver, Washington, where our sub-
ject received bis first job in the new country,
that of digging potatoes for (ieneral (iratli, and
had no ditKculty in obtaining work. He saved
his money and soon was able to purchase tim-
ber lanil on the Columbia river, and at one time
owned 800 acres of timber, wliiidi he sold to a
milling coinpatiy. In 1870 he came to Uma-
tilla county, Oregon, and remaincMJ ten years,
purchasing a piece of land on which be carried
on farming. He now has over 1,9'J'J acres of
farming land, over fiOO of which- is in a tine
state of cultivation, the remainder being in grass
for large herds of sheep. On his farm he raises
wheat principally, and has had as large a crop as
10,000 bushels one year, for which he received
$5,000.

Until he was forty-five years of age he re-
mained single, when, in 1870, he married Miss
Mary E. Patterson, a native of Missouri, who
came to Oregon with her parents in 1862,
daughter of James and Mary E. Patterson, now

IIISTOUY Oh' OHKIIOS.

JKII

rcnidiiiif npur Diiytiin, Wiicliiii^toii. Mr. imtl
Mrs. Cotrcy Imvc Imd tivu cliiliin-n liorii to tlieiii, '
only tliift" of wliorii iirt' now living', imiiit-ly:
•latiicK IlcrlH'i't, < >ctiiv'iii K. miil km iiifiiiit. 'I'lioHd
wild ilifd lu'c; 'IVrriil I,(«wiH, tin- clilcht, ilieil
in 1H7H, uj^t'd covt'ii moiith(t. Oiii' rtiil>ji'ct
Htiirti'd in lift' us a |)<)()r lioy. lint, noi witln-tiind-
in^ several inidfortuni'st timt have overtaken
hi in lie lias acfiinmlated n large fortune. He-
hide, liin larj{i' traet of land lie owiih liifl renidon" >
in rcndlfton, another residence in tliccHnie t '• i
and several liuKineHs lotn in tlic main jwrtioii of
tlie |)laf(', tliem- yield liiin a good income. He
also ownn forty oflicr lotn i Pendleton, not im-
jirovcd. Our snliject was in the Indian war in
1855, under Major HaiuH and Lieutenant I'hil
Sheridan. He enlisted in the regular United
States army, hut after the treaty with the In-
dians they were mur-tered out hy order of (Jer,-
eral Wool. In politics our sulijeet is a tneniher
of the People's psrty, stroni^ly adherin>; to the
platform of that |)arty.

fllOMAS II. I'ARIiOTT, the eminent
musician and teacher, who made his ad-
vent ill Oregon, April 1, 1857, arrivinj^
in Portland, was horn in Kent county, Kiigland.
Oetohor 17, 1830. His parents, Siimnel and
Mariali (Everest) Parrott, were hoth natives of
England and of English descent, his mother's
family heing notahle musicians. In 1854, his
parents and seven of their children emigrated
to Oregon.

The subject of our sketch remained two years
longer in England, completing his apprentice-
bhip to the shoemaker's trade. He then fol-
low'd the family to this State, where he worked
for some time at his trade. He came to East
Portland in 18(52, wiien there were hut three
houses in the place. He then 'Mirchased a lot
on the corner of Fourth and H ot;c-ets, for $1:0,
on which he erected his house and music slu.-e,
'where he has reside<l for thirty years, tlio pi'i-,"-
erty being now, in 1892, valued at $10,000.

tlis service as a musician became so greatly
ill demand that he finally gave it his entire at-
tention, and has acted as musician for balls in
several Territories and taught music for nearly
thirty years.

June 8, 1881, he married Miss Eliza A.
Rhodes, a highly esteemed lady, and a native of
Illinois, who is a daughter of Mr. A. Rhodes, a

widely and favorably kimwii Oregon |)ioni'er of
1845. Tiiey have eight children, the eldest of
whom was born in Viirn Hill ciiuntv, and all
the others in Ivist i'orlhiiid. Tliev are, Sumutd
II.. Arriiond <t., Thoiniis \V., Walter Kdwan',
Oi'()rge ('larence. .leiinie I,., Archie R. and
ll, 'lard I,. They have all been given a
till iMigh musical education under the personal
instruction of their father, ami the older sons
are now among 'lie (inest miisician.s. in the <'i(y,
inaKiiig that their bUHJness. Two of the boys,
To'ii ai.d iV alter, arc ^reat ball players. Walter
is playiug and liireil for three years at Chicago
in tue Nitional licagiie.

The sni)ject of our sketch can play on any in-
strument in a brass 'nnd and has made the
teacliing of those instruments a specialty, —
with violin, piano and organ. In 1881), he
erected and opened hi- music store in East
I'oriland, where he is handling all kinds of
musical instruments, including several of the
best made pianos an<l cabinet organs. He also
keeps sheet music and insfrnctioii buoks, hav-
ing the |iriiicipal establishment of the kind in
East Portland.

Besides his city property, Mr. Parrott has
two farms in Yam Hill count
rented.

ity, which he has

Politically, ho is independent, voting for the
man who, in his opinion, is the best calculated
to fill the otHce with ability and integrity.

lie is a charter member of Multnomah Lodge,
No. 1, Red Men.

His principal delight is in music, in which
he excels, his ability in that direction being al-
lied rather to genius than to talent, and which
he inherits from his mother and her faiTiily,
which numbers some notable musical artists.
Besides he is a great sportsman, and many are
the deer, bear, ducks and geese he has brought
down with the gun. It does him good yet to en-
tertain his friends as they call and 8j)end a few
hours, in rehearsing his exploits and liairl)readtli
escapes. He is now fifty-six years of age, and
is able to, and does, bag as much game as any
of the sportsmen in the vicinity where he re-
sides.

-^^mw^'^^

jOBERT EAKm, one of the public-spir-
ited citizens of Union, was born in Kane
county, Illinois, March 15, 1848. His
father, S. B. Eakin, was a native of Ireland and
came to America when he was twenty-one

IITSTOKY OF OltKOON.

yearii of iiijc. locating in Kane (^)iintv. Illinois,
where lie was iiiarrieil to Miss Catherine Mc-
EMoiioy. also a native of Irelanil, who catiie to
America with her parents when a small child
and settled in Illinois. 'Slv. Kak in was of Scotch-
Irish descent. In 18()t) Mr. Kakin and his
family crossed tlu( plains to Oregon, making the
trip in just f(inr months. Their first location
was in Kngenc City, where jMrs. Kakin died,
shortly after their arrival in their new Western
home, ajjed forty-three years. Her hiishand.
however survived her until, JIarch, 1892, ajjed
seventy-four years. Mr. and ]\Irs. Eakin had
eleven chiMren, of whom seven are now living,
namely: Rohert, siil)j(,'ct; Stewart B. Eakin. Jr.,
Mrs. .lennie Ilanna, Herbert, Mrs. Katie W.
Queen, James A. and Walter T.

Our subject was the third in the family and
after their arrival in the new country he did
not have much chance to attend school, but as
he had a thirst for a better knowledge of the
literature of the world, against the wishes of his
father he entered the Willamette Fniversity at
Salem, not knowing where the means were to
come from to complete his education, but as
time went on he obtained the necessary means
by sawing wood at odd intervals until he was
qualified to teach, after which he alternated be
tween teaching and being taught until he com-
pleted a four years course, graduating froju the
university, in 1873. M". K.-kin then chose the
profession of law for hi., h , (Viat'on and studied
under deorge I; i^'orris ^t Eugene (Jity for two
years, after which he was admitted to the bar,
.n 1H74-, with the right to practice in all the
higher courts in the State. In 1875, Mr. Eakin
came to Union, Union county, where he estab-
lished an office and has since successfully fol-
lowed his profession, lie 1ms b 'en honored
with the nomination, by the Republicaii party,
for several responsible positions in his county
and district, among which are. District Judge
anr' I'rosecu.iiig (\ttorney. but as the county
was largely Democratic he was defeated.

In June. 1876, Mr. Eakin and Miss Mary
Walker, of Eugene (.ity. were nnirried. Mrs.
Eakin was born in Missouri, in 1850. and was
brouifht to Oregon when but two years ol<l, by
her )iarents. M. E. and Rebecca Walker. Mr.
an<l Mrs. Eakin have three children, namely:
(ieorgc I! . I?.oliert Stowell and Ethel, who died
in 1S78. aged one year. Althouirh Mr. Eikin
experienced some ditticnlty in obtaining a start
in life he has been very successful in all his

practice and has lived to see prosperity smiling
in his face. In addition to his other interests
Mr. Eakin is the owner of -lOO acres of good land
and a comfortable city residence, also some busi-
ness property, on which his office is located. He
also owns other valuable property in the city of
Unioi'. Mr. Eakin is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, (Trande Ronde Lodge, No. 5(), of
Union, Oregon. Mr. and .Mrs. Eakin are mem-
bers of the Presbyterian Church, and are always
ready and willing to assist in any charity of tlie
church, or in any way aid in benefiting the
hurmm race or improve the prosperity of the
town.

|()RTER A LEX A.\ DER C( )X DE, the pop-
ular and efKcient Sheriff of Haker county,
-,. Oregon, was born in Rotterdam, New
, York, November 12, 1852, son of J. J. (^onde,
who moved to Illinois, in 1854:, when our sub-
ject was but two years olil. J. J. Conde was
born in New York, in 1820, and was married to
Miss Philetta Ketchnni. also a native of New
j York, who died when our suliject was thirteen
! years of age. Mr. Conde was a farmer and
\ reared his boys to farm life. One of his sous,

C. Iv. Conde, resides in Nebraska.

' Our subject received his education in the old

red schoolhouse in Shabb)na. DrfKall) (joniity,

Illinois. In 1880, at the time of the great ex-

j citenient over the discovery of the mines in

I Leadville, our subject caught the fever and went

, t;) Leadville. lie had a few hundred dollars and

upon bis arrival he went prospecting. After

spending all liis money, without having any

i success in his mininii, he went to Denver and

ena^aged in work in tne shops of the Denver and

I Rio (rrande Railroail and worked there until

j 1888, when he crossed the Rocky mountains

I and landeil in Baker City. Mr. Coixle hired

j oiit in a livery and traiisfer stable, upon

arrival in the city and remained there until he

' had sufficient money to buy out the transfer

line, which he operated until Jane, 18'J0, when

he was elected Sheriff, on the Democratic

ticket. He had been nominated i'l the spring

j of that year, an<i when he received the appoint

i merit he sold his truck business so as to be free

i to devote his tim" and attention to the duties of

his office. This position lu^ has been filling

I ever since to the entire satisfaction of the en-

niSTOUY OF OHKnoN.

tire I'oiniiiiinity. In the spring of 1>S'J2 lie re-
ceived his second nomination and was reeU^cted.

September 12, 1891, J[r. Conde married Mrs.
Xettie McOiure, danifliter of lion. A. A. Sniitli
of Leadviihs of vvliich j)hice Mrs. (Jonde is a na-
tive. Mrs. (Jonde was tlie widow of William
McClnre, by wiiom she iiad one chikl, little Bes-
sie McClure, now tiiree years old. By the
present marriage there is one child, Jessie.

Wlien our subject landed in Oregon he was
without money, but by his ap|)lication he has
acquired some property. He now owns !iis resi-
dence, in wliicii he makes his liotue, other prop-
erty in Baker City and some very valuable
property in Portland, Orefjron. Mr. Conde is a
member of the K. of 1'. Lodge, of which he is
Past Grand Chancellor Commander; he is also
a Tuember of the B. P. O. E. He and
his estimable wife are worthy citizens and are
highly respected throughout the county.

•-=*■•<

>iH=-

fOHN S. ELLIOTT, one of the prominent
pioneers of Oregon, was the son of John
M. and Lucy II. (Bryarly) Elliott, and was
born in Warren county, Virginia, October 19,
1815H. He attended the common schools of
Virginia, and at the age of twenty years came
to Missouri, making the trip alone, as his par-
ents had died when he was quite young. He
remained one year with his** brother, but in
1858 his adventuresome spirit led him to Texas,
where ho remained two years with an uncle,
then retnrned to Missouri, and in 1859 started
for Denver with five teams loaded with groceries.
He remained in ('olorado until 18(52, after dis-
posing of his goods, and then started for the
b>eetwater mines in Idaho; but hearing of the
discovery of a mine in Baker county, Oregon,
neiir Auburn, he kept on until lie reached Au-
burn. After arriving in Oregon ho engaged in
t'urming in Powder valley. After remaining on
the ranch for a short time he commenced freight-
ii.g from the Columbia river to the mines in
Idaho and Baker county mines, meeting with
moderate success. His ne.\t venture was in
cattle, buying and driving them East, where he
sold them. He then went into business for
Dowling Bros., and brought cattle from Texas
North, sellii.g them at some profit. In 1882
he came to Union county. Oregon, went into
the livery business, continued in that for eight
years, and in 1889 received the nomination for

County llecoi'der, to which office he was elected.
Ho still holds the position, i)eing a candidate
for the same [losition and re-elected in 1892.
( )ur subject was married in 188(5. to Mrs. Jennie
Harris, a native of Missouri, who came to Ore-
gon with her parents when very young. Mr.
and Mrs. Elliott have no children. Mr. Elliott
owns his residence in Union, but has disposed
of his other pieces of property. Mr. and Mrs.
Elliott occupy a high position in the esteem and
regard of their fellow-townsmen.

i^ATlUCK CAMl'BELL, one of the pioneers
'fW ^'^ 1857, was born in county Tyrone, Ire-
**^ land, March Ifi, 1833. He received his
education in his native land, and at the age of
seventeen he had completed his education in the
common schools.^and then set sail for America,
where he intended to put to account the knowl-
edge he had acquired. Mr. Campbell landed in
New York city in 1850, with a capital of $50.
This boy of seventeen showed that he was a
good man of business, by starting to work im-
mediately. He first purchased a pack of linen
goods, and tramped the country, selling them
from door to door, and followed this business
for six months. Ho then shipped on board a
vessel and remained another six months, but,
tiring of sea life, he made his way to Norwalk,
Connecticut, and hired out to a farmer and nur-
seryman, wiiere be remained until 1857, when
he joined the westward-tending tide and crossed
the Isthmus to California, making the trip from
the Isthmus to 8an Francisco in twenty-five
days. After arrival in California he spent the
first three or four month;- in mining for him
self, in El Dorado county. In 18(55 he resolved
to cross to Idaho, and went to prospecting and
mining in that State, and was quite successful
in all his mining ventures, both in this State
and California. He then hired out, at five or
six dollars per day, to work the mines, and
staye(' there until 1871, when ho left the West
and visited the various cities of the East, New
York city, Boston and others, and finally re-
turned to his native country and paid his par-
ents a visit, but only remained a year, for he
had 80 accustomed himself to the wild western
life that it was impossible to settle down to the
quiet life enjoyed by his parents, so he set sail
for America the second time. As soon as he
landed in New York city he pressed on to his

! i

:ji>i

HISTOliT OF OltEOON.

home in Iilaho, arriving there in 1873. He
Wiis t^let'ted to the tit'tli and sixth sessions of tlie
lA'gisiatnro at JJoise (3ity, Iiiaho. After tiie
expiration of his term of office lie ajfain went
into tiie mines in Maho.

In 1874 he came to IJaiier City, Orei^on, and
engaged in tiie piirsnit of liis lifetime, mining,
and followed that nntil IS80, when lie engaged
in the grocery business in Haker City, in which
he is still engaged. In 1884 he was elected
Connty Truasiucr. ami served two years, and in
1890 lie was elected County Judge. He has
only, at this time, served two years of hia four
years' term.

Mr. Cam|>b(!ll was married to Miss An,.,
Carroll, ()ctol)er 4, 187t). She was liorn in
Irelaiid, ^[ay 20, 1843, an<l came to America
in 1859.

Since Mr. (Jamplioirs lamling in New York
so many years ago, he has experienced many
changes. He has made and lost sums of money
greater than he had ever heard of in those boy-
ish days, and has cn^ssod the ocean twice since
that time. In spite of all his unsuccessful
mining sjjeculations, he lias a good store that
yields him a handsome income.

fOlLN D. BOWER, one of the leading busi-
ness men of Weston, was born near Niagara
Falls, \ew Vork, March 2, 1861. His father,
Joseph, was a native of England, who emigrated
to C!anada and was there married to Miss Eiiz i
Kiiith, wlio was also a native of England, com-
ing to Canada at the same time as did Mr.
Bower. After marriage they moved to the
St.'ite of New Vork, from there to I'ennsylvania
in 18()0, and in that St.ate, in 1888, Mrs.'Bower
died. Afti'r this atHiction Mr. Bower went
back to l/anada, and resided with his daughter
until his death, which occurred in 1891, at the
age of seventy-eight years. Mr. and Mrs. Bower
had had fourteen children, of whom our subject
was the youngest.

John \). attended the common schools in
Beiinsylvania, but tinished his education at the
State Normal Institute at (reneva, Ohio. For
a period of six years he engaged in the hotel
business in Geneva, then removed to Dakota,
and afrer buying 480 acres of land. (Migaged in
farming for the next seven yeirs, but then sold
out and settled in Taijoma, Washington. For
two ye:irs he engaged here in a sash and door

factory, then came to eastern Oregon, settling
in Weston, Umatilla county, and engaged in
the hotel business. He took charge of the
Marshall House in 1891, where he has since re-
sided, making a success of his new enterprise.
tie is a mjod hotel man, understandiug the busi-
ness thoroughly, and only being satisfied with
conducting a tirst-class house.

Mr. Bower was married April 7, 1887, to
Miss Mary E. Turner, daughter of Allen and
Laura (Boyd) Turner, natives of Illinois. Mr.
Turner died when Mrs. Bower was but three
years of age, hence she knows but little of his
history. Her mother married a second time,
and is now living in Dakota. Mrs. Bower is
the only child of the first marriage of her
mother. Mr. Bower is a member of the Mod-
ern Woodmen of the World, Clerk of Camp
No. 112, of Weston. Politically, he is a Ue-
piiblican. Mr. Bower is principally a self-
made man, having not only secured his educa-
tion liy bis own efforts, but a com|)eti'ncy also
by his own industry and hard work.

fUDGE LEWIS L. McARTIIUR has re-
sided in Oregon for twenty-eight years, and
is widely known as a prominent member of
the bar. Ho was born in Virginia March 18,
1843, a son of William P. and Mary S. (Voiing)
Mc.Vrthiir, native* of Missouri and Maryland
respectively; tlie fatlier was born in IS 14, and
vlescended from Scotch ancestors wlio came to
this country before the lievolution. His pater-
nal grandfather was one of the early settlers of
Missouri, having moved there early in the pres-
ent century; his maternal grandfather was (Com-
modore John .1. Voung, United States Navy.
Lieutenant William P. McArthur came to Cali-
fornia in 1849, and took charge of the United
States coast survey on board the United Statics
schooner Thomas Ewing; lie made the first
United Spates coast survey from Monterey to
the straits of .liian de V\w\. On his way East
ho died, December 23, 1850, at Panama.

Judge McArthur was educated in the schools
of Maryland and in the Moravian Seminary,
Pennsylvania, finishing his literary studies at
l->ickius()n College, Pennsylvania. lie began to
reail law in Washington, District of Columbia,
but later went to York, Pennsylvania, where he
was admitted to the bar .March 18. 18(U; there
he began hia legal work, Init, meeting with little

UIHTORY OF UJUiGOX.

8(18

succesg, lie determined to try his fortunes in
the West. Ho arrived in Portland, Oregon,
in November, 1864, and tarried there a few
weeks, making oi)8ervationR of t'le nietliods of
work in court and iei;:al proceednre. He then went
east of the monntains, and estat)lisiie(i liimself at
Umatilla, where he remained three years. lie he-
became Recorder of Umatilla county and edited
the lnde.\,a Democratic pajier; he also assisted in
the editorshi[) of the (Columbia Press. From this
place he removed to Auburn, Baker county,
where he practiceil his profession and engaged
in mining; in this latter industry he met with
reasonable success. While a resident of Auburn
he was elected (/ounty Judge, and the county
seat was removed to Baker City, where he also
took up his residence. In this place, in 1870,
in connection with M? D. Abbott, he established
the Bed Rock Democrat. The same year he
was elected Judge of the (Circuit Court, and
upon taking the oath of office he severed iiis
connection with the jiaper. He was re-elected
in 1870 and again in 1880, serving continuously
for twelve years. In 1882 he resigned the of-
fice and resumed his legal practice in the Dalles.
While there he was elected a delegate to the
Denmcratic National Convention of 1884, being
chairman of the Oreijon deleiration. It was
through his efibrts that the passage of a resolu-
tion was secured, allowing delegates from the
Territories the right to vote. He was a mem-
ber of the committee that notified Mr. Cleveland
of his nomination; took an active part in the
campaign: and had the gratification of witness-
ing the inaugural ceremonies at Washington
when Grover ('leveland took the oath of otKce
as president of the United States.

In 188(3 he was appointed by President
Cleveland United States Attorney 'or the Dis-
trict of Oregon, an office he held four years.
Since that time he has been connected with the
law firm of Bronaugh, McArthur, Kenton &
Bronaugh, one of the strongest partnerships in
the State, .fudge Mc.\rthur resides in Port-
land; he has taken a deep interest in educational
movements, and has been regent of the Univer-
sity of Oregon for sixteen years; he has been
lecturer on Pleading and Practice in this insti-
tution for a number of years.

0,1 the 10th day of June, 1878, he was united
in marriage to Miss Harriet K. Nesmith, a
native of Polk county, Oregon, and a daughter
of Hon. James W. Nesmith, a noted pioneer of
'' s State. They are the parents of two chil-
is

dreii, horn at the the Dalles: Clifton Nesmith
and Lewis Ankcny. The Judge is a member of
the Masonic order, the I. O. O. !•'., and of the
A. O. V. W. He owns a modest residi-nce in
Portland, where he is surroniided witii every
comfort of life. In professional circles ho is
regarded as one of the most able judges of the
State, and has the entire coiiffdeuce of bench
and bar.

'^■f^^*

[HE PACIFIC MUTUAL LIFE INSUR-
•fll^ ANCE COMPANY of California was
i^ organized in Sacramento, California, in
1868, when steps were taken to conserve the
interests of the PaciHc coast by starting various
financial, mannfucturing and transportation en-
terprises. Many of the leading capitalists an<l
business men were active in this movement,
among others. Senator Leland Stanford, and it
was largely through his influence that the com-
pany was formed. He was made its ffrst presi-
dent and holds the first policy written by the
company, in amount 810.000. The company
was organized under the constitution of the State
of California and under its statute laws, which
give the fullest security to the policy holder
and which is so formed as to preclude the pos-
sibility of loss. The constitution of the State
proviiles that the stockholders shall he imlividu-
ally and personally liable for all the obligations
of the company and for the action of the com-
pany's officers. The Portland branch of the
company was established in 1871, and Rtv.
Donald Ross represented the company until
1888, when Mr. Edward C Frost was made
general agent, and later, in 1893, manager of
the Company. Mr. I'^'ost is a native of Favers-
liam, England, born on the 21st of June, 18152.
He was educated at Maidstone. Ivent county,
an<i came to Bangor, Maine, in 1871. lie was
with the hardware firm of N. 11. Brogg & Sons-
for eleven years, but left them in 1882 to accept
the position of general secretary of the Young
Men's ChristiHU Association in that city lor one
year, and then was called to this coast to take
charge of the work in the Pacific northwest,
with lieadi[uarters at Portland, Oregon. This
position ho accepted, and v;a8 also made chairman
of the Executive Committee of the Northwest.
He has, during his connection with the Young
Men's Christian .Vssociation, organized a largo
nuinber of assuciatious in the States of Oregon

:i(ii;

BrSTOlir OF OliEOON.

tiiiil Wiisliinfjtuii, 1111(1 1ms heoii cliiiii'iimii of tlit;
Kxi'cntive (.'oiiimittct' since its ori^aiii/.iitioii iti
ls*5-t. Ill 1>SS8 lit' resij'iipd the irt'iienil sccmv-
t;ir\>.lii|) of tilt" I'ortliiiifl Associutioii, ami took
his prusi'iit position ot' geiioral a<reiit of tlio
riicitic. ^[lItnHl Litu Insurnnue Oonipaiiy for
()i-e:,'oii, to vviiii'h one year later was iiddcd the
State of VVashiiijj;toii. The Company iins grown
under the new management, and the success of
the Portland liraiu-h of the Imsiness has been
ni(jst tlat'erini^. Mr. Frost is a good hnsiness
man, and t>ne of high moral integrity. lie
stands very high in the esteem of the business
men of the northwest coast.

fOM I'. U.WDAI.L, one of the most ener-
"•'A\W gefieand prosperous business men of Ore-
gon City, was born in (Maekainas county,
November 22, I8t)3, and is the son of Judge
iS'<jble W. litiiidall, an honored pionei^r of Ore-
gon ^?ee sketch of his life in this Iwok). The
subject of this sketch was the seventh child, and
was raised and educated in Oregon City, trrad-
natinjr later at the business college in Portland.

Soon after this he betran to handle real estate
on his own account in a small way. His ven-
tures |>rovini.j successful, he tried larger deals,
which were also eminently successful, and tin-
ally platted two additions to the city of Oregon
C'ity. one on the Mt. Pleasant tract, and the
other, a tract of sixty-three acres, called the
lioilon tract, both of which were desiralile, and
inereajed rapidly in value, netting Mr. Uauvlall
a fair sum of money. Me has since then made
various |)aying invc^stments, among others being
.■\ stockholder in the Oregon City Transportation
Com|)any. one of the mostprosperousenterprises
in this vicinity. This company have built two
steamboats, the Altona and Ilaniona, which are;
making six trips a day between Portland and
Oregon City, carrying freight and passengorB,
am! are <liiiiig a thriving business.

Mr. llandall has passed all the chairs in the I.
O.O. V. lie is a member of the Hoard of Tra<le
and President of the City Council, and is
First Lieutenant of Company F, N. (4. O,, State
Militia.

He takes great interest in the welfare of the
city in which he was raised, and in the welfare
of his native State, being deservedly proud of
both, and would go to any laudable length to
advance their prosperity. With such ardent

champions it ceases to be a matter of wonder-
ment that Oregon should have made such mag-
niticent strides in commerce and the arts, now
proudly holding her j)osition in the vanguard
of the glorious Sisterhood of States.

l- r^v-^ l. n ^^^r-i- .!,!

fOIIN L. CURTIS, ail honored and revered
pioneer of Oregon, was born on Lake Cham-
plain in 1833. His father, John \V. Cur-
tis, was a native of Massauhnsetts, who married
Lucy Caton.

(hir subject was reared in Massachusetts until
he was fourteen years of age, but received his
academic education in (Connecticut in 18-17, and
in 1850 he crossed the plains to California,
iiere he eiigageil in mining, and remained un-
til 1803, when became to Oregon and settled
at La Grande, where he has resided ever since.
His first act upon reaching this State was to
start a pack team to the mines in Idaho and en-
gaged in running them until 1865, when he wa.s
ap|x)inted Deputy Sheriff of Union county, and
was afterwards electeil to the office of Sheriff.
He has served two years as Deputy Coun*^y
Clerk and lias been County Surveyor, and June
6, 1892. was elected to fill another term of that
office. He has proved himself a good, efficient
official.

Mr. Curtis was married February 22, 1867, to
Miss Alinira J. Wells, a .:'>tive of Ohio, who
came to Oregon in 1803. Four bright children
have been added to the family of Mr. and Mrs.
Curtis, namely : Willie W., Jasamine, Arthur
Mc Arthur, and Elmer Scott.

This interesting family reside in a home in
the old town of La Urande. Mr. Curtis is a
member of A. F. and A. M., and in politics he
is a member of the Democratic party.

^EliOME T. I'.OLLES, the popular and eftt-
J^ cient Sheriff of Union county, Oregon, was
S^ born in (yhippewa county, Wisconsin, De-
cember 25, 1852. He was the oldest of a fam-
ily of four children born to Charles and Martha
(Anderson) Bollea, natives of New York and
Sweden, respectfully.

Our subject came West when he was only
nineteen years of age, and lived in Washington
Territory for three years. During his residence

msToiiY OF ousaox.

3«7

there ho worked on a farm, iind at the expira-
tion of tiie three years lie went to lilalio an. 1 en-
gaged in tlie mining camps there an<l in the Ne-
vada mines, in all spending about twelve years
ill the mines of those two States. In 1885 he
went to Oregon and stopped at Cornucopia, and
engaged there in the mines until 18!)U, when he
was elected Sheriff of Union county on the Dem-
ocratic ticket, and in the spring of 18'J2 he was
reelected to the saine office on the same ticket.
The local press testify to his great popularity.

Mr. BoUes was married in 1887, to Miss Flor-
ence Hoyer, a native of Tennessee, and they have
one child, Virgie Holies, tiiree years old. Mr.
Bolles is a inemher of the Knighs of I'ythias,
in wiiich order he is a prominent member. Tiie
Sheriff is interest in several paying mines of
Union county, and is a higlily respected citizen
of Union.

-'4*'<

if^i-

t(»N. C. H. FINN.— La Grande's ttrst May-
or, [Ion. G. II. Finn was born in New
York, in 1850, of one of the oldest fami-
lies of that State, his grandfather being a lead-
ing member of its Legislature in 1800. lie was
a member of the law class of 1877 of the Uni-
versity of Iowa, and has since practiced the pro-
fession of law.

For the past decade Mr. Finn has been a resi-
dient of Oregon, and has been a prominent and
leading mein'isr of the State bar, where he is
well and favorably known, both as a man and
attorney. The people of La Grande appreciate
his noble qnalities, as is testified by the fact of
Ills election for three successive terms as Mayor
of the city. His last term expired in the spring
of 1892. Under hif administration the city's
principal improvements were made, his energy
and prngressi veness promotingas well as prompt-
ing every enterprise for the municipal welfare.
As the Chief Executive of the city he had the
distinguished honor of welcoming President
Harrison on his visit in May, 1891. Mr. Finn
was the I{epul)lican (candidate for District At-
torney of the Sixth Judicial District at the elec-
tion of. rune. 1892, but, although running fhr in
advance of his ticket, was defeated by the over-
wlielming Democratic plurality of that year.

In private as well as public life Mr. Finn is a
good citizen, and fills every relation of life in
an upright manner, so as to command the con-

fidence and esteem of all who come in contact
with him.

fOHX I'KIIRY WARD, a pioneer of the
Pacific coast and a well known citizen of
Portland, was born in Washington county,
Rhode Island, June 30, 1833. His father,
Samuel Ward, was a native of the same State,
and of Fnglish ancestry, which can be traced
back in a direct lino to John Ward, one of
Cromwell's captains who emigrated from Glou-
cester, England, after the accession of King
Charles II, and settled at Newport, Rhode Is-
land. Tlie son, Thomas, had preceded his father
to America in 1080, and married Amy Smith,
a granddaughter of Roger Williams. He was
Colonial Treasurer. His son Richard was Sec-
retary of State from 1714 to 1733. He married
Mary TiUinghirst, and their son, Thomas, was
Secretary of State from 174:() to 17(>0. Ho mar-
ried Coiitent Cogeshall, and their son, Richard,
married Elizabeth Nixon, and their son, Sam-
nel, married Mary Perry and had eight chil-
dren. He was a seafaring man, the first mate
of a vessel, settled at Block Island, and died in
1800, in his seventy-fifth year. He married a
second time and had two children by his first
marriage and eight by his second; they are all
living.

The subject of this sketch, a son by the
second marriage just referred to, when seven-
teen years of age, in 1850. came to the Pacific
coast, with an older brother, who became sick
with mountain fever, and they returned home in
the fall of 1850. Mr. Ward remained in the
east and the south till the winter of 1801-'02,
when he left New York, in January, on an ex-
ploring expedition for a railroad. When he ar-
rived in Mexico Maximilian was fighting and
Mr. Ward came on to California, stopped a
winter in Santa Clara county, and in May, 1863,
came to Portland. During the north mining
exciiement he went to the mines, but met with
poor success. lietnrning to Portland, he set-
tled here, and since has been a trustworthy
Government official. In 1804: he was appointed
on the police force; in a short time he was made
Warden of the ])enitentiary ; later he receivi^d
the aj)pointmeiit of Deputy Sheriff and Jailor
of Multnomah county, and served in that ca-
pacity seven years. He was then a|)pointed
Deputy Collector of Customs and served six
years; next he was appointed Inspector of

:tiW

lUHTORY OF i>UKII>S.

lii.;

Stciimsliij)s, in wliicti position lie served three
:iii(l a liiilf years. In 18IS2 lie received the ap-
piiintnuMit of Appraiser of the Port of I'orthmd,
wliicii lie retaiiR'(l until tiie election of ('leve-
hiiiil to tiic 1 'residency. I'revions to the war
Mr. Ward was a Wiii^', l>iit since the hejrinniiijr
of tliat strni.;gle he lias lieeii a fteadfnst Repub-
lican.

He tlien resigned an . removed to his farm
on the Lewis river, eii;iiteen miles from l\)rt-
land. Tlui ])lace comprises 240 acres, and is a
fine faun. .Vlter a residence there of three years
he came to I'ortland and took an active part in
the election of Senator l)(»l|(li, and President
Harrison ajfain appointed him to the otHce <)f
Appraiser, wliich position he now holds. In
18t')() he houjrht a piece of property for i^'ioO,
then in the rear of the city, which now, since
the city has grown around it, is worth §2(),()0().
lie has huilt quite a nnniher of houses, and has
coiitril)uted his share to the growth of the city,
and the rapid advance of property has made
many of the citizens rich. Mr. Ward lias made
an excellent record as a public oIKcer, and wliile
he lias atteiuled strickly to his duties, his man-
ner has been atireealile and ohliirinit, and the
result has been that he has hosts of friends.

In Rhode Island he married Drusilla IIol-
herfon, and had one child, Wintield Scott. In
Oregon he married Miss Amanda Singer, a na-
tive of .Mbany, New York, and they have had
three children, all born in I'ortland, namely:
Henry Heecher. Lucinda Anninila, and Mary
Elizaiieth.

- -^€^"!§)*?^-#- -

fKUOME W. CAMIMJELL-In 1878, the
Willamette Iron Uridge Company was or-
-,^ ganized for the purpose of buililing a bridffe
across the Willamette river at the foot of
Morrison street. The capital stock was .^150,-
000, and the incorpoi'ators were William Heck,
C. II. Gorrill, of San Francisco; C. M. Wiberg,
Dr. Hawthorne, and other prominent citizens
of I'ortland. The contract for building tlie
bridj^e was let to the I'acitic Bridge Company,
of which ('. H. Gorrill was present. ()p|)o8i-
tion to the enterprise was far-reaching, and af-
ter :i lart.e amount of money IukI been spent an
injunction was irranted restraining the company
from going on with the work. The case was
carried to the Supreme Court, which was six or
seven years in reaching the matter. In 1885
Mr. (lorrill died, and a new company was formed

increasing the capital stock to $200,000. The
plans were changed and a new contra(!t let to
the I'.icitic I'ridge (/ompany, II. C. Campbell,
contractor, and the work was pushed forward an
rapidly as possible.

April VI, 188(!. the jiresent structure- -the
tirst bridge across the Willamette — was oj)en(.'(l
to the public, and Mr. Jerome W. Camj)bell
was elected secretary and manager of the com-
pany, wiiich position he has since filled.

The completion of the bridge gave a new
imjietus to the growth of the city, and its value
to I'ortland on both sides of the river cannot be
overestimated. East I'ortland property rapid-
ly advanced, and its growth has since been very
rapid and substantial. Another com]>any now
operates an electric railway across the bri<lge, of
which Mr. Campbell is superintendent, and
whiidi e.xtends both north and south the whole
length of the East Side, and connects with steam
motor roads which runs out of the city to the
east.

ILLIAM S. MOTT, M. I)., is one of
the prominent members of the medical
])rofes8ion in the city of Salem. Oregon,
and is worthy of representation in this history.
He was born in Clearfield county, Pennsylvania,
A]>ril 17, 1855, and is descended from French
ancestors, whose name was originally l)e la Mott.
They emigrated from their own country to
Amei'ica before the Revolution. The grand-
father of Dr. .Mott was born in New York, and
his father. Homer W. Mott, was born in Pennsyl-
vania; the latter married Miss Elizabeth Sun-
derland, a native of Clearfield county, Pennsyl-
vania, ami a daughter of David Sunderland; the
ancestors of this family emigrated to America
from Germany before the war of the Revoluti(m,
and participated in this conflict. Two of Dr.
Mott's great-uncles (his father's uncles), George
and Ira Mott, lost their lives in the French and
Indian war; one of them was taken prisoner by
the Ii\dians; his body was disjointeil, and he
w i left in this condition until death ended his
agony. Also three of the Doctor's uncles, Ira,
Henry and George, fought in the Uni(»n army
of the late Rebellion, in which Ira and George
lost thidr lives. Henry was Captain of his com-
pany.

Dr. Mott is the sixth of a family of eight
children, seven of whom survive. He was

nisruRY OF oJimioN.

869

reared in (.'leiu'tiold county, and nbtained his
education in the |)ul>lic schools and in the Clear-
fiehi and Jefferson Norinai scjjools. After leav-
inii; the schoolroom as a |)U[iil he entered it as a
teacher, and followeii this jirofeasion tor a period
of eiirht years. Ilavinir determineil upon the
medical profession as his life work, he entered
the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati,
Ohio, and was frradnated with the class of IHHo.
lie first engai^ed in practice at New Washing-
ton, Pennsylvania, in partnership with his pre-
ceptor; later he removed to Williams' (-rrove,
Pennsylvania, where he remained four years.
Jidy 1, 1889, he opened his ofKce in Salem,
Oregon. He was not lonj; in attracting a good
class of patrons, and his practice has increased
until he ranks among the leading physicians of
the city. He was one of the prime factors in
the organization of the Echu'tic Medical Asso-
ciation of the State of Oregon, and was elected
president of that hody, a position he still holds,
lie is also a inemher of tlie Natiomil Eclectic
Medical Association, and was elected an honor-
ary nieniher of the Pennsylvania State Medical
Association. He helongs to the Ma-onic frater-
nity, and takes a deej) interest in the order.

l)r. Mott was married in 1882, to Miss Will-
etta May Hnnn, of New Washington, Pennsyl-
vania, the daughter of Dr. James M. Hunii.
Tiiey are the parents of three sons: James W.,
Lloyd II. and William B., who were horn in
Clearfield county, Pennsylvania. In politics,
the Doctor is a Democrat. lie is thoroughly
posted upon all subjects relating to his profeo-
sion, gives his business the closest attention, and
merits the success with whicli he has met.

[HOMAS HENRY CRAWFORD, a pio-
neer of Oregon, educated in her institu-
tions, is an enthusiastic and competent
teacher, who for several years has been principal
of one of the public schools of the city of Port-
land. He is of Scotch ancestry, who removed
to Londonderry, Ireland. His greatgrandfather,
Robert Crawford, emigrated with his family to
the colony of South Carolina about the year
1770. His son, Andrew Crawford, was the
father of Robert H. Crawford, wlio was born in
South Carolina, June 12, 1808. graduated as a
physician at the Ohio Medical College, in 1837,
married Miss Elizabeth M. Henry, a native of

Kentucky, liorn February 21, 1815, and st.-t-
tled in Indiana, wln:re the Doctor pracliccil till
1852.

ProfissorCrawford, the subject of this notice,
theeldest of tin? five children in the above family,
was born in Indiana, June 24. 1840. In 1^52
his graiulfather, Thomas Henry, his son and
three daughters and their families, came across
plain and mountain to the distant Pacific coast.
Dr. Crawford and his family being a part of the
company. The children made themselves useful
in driving the loose stock; aiul our subject, then
twelve years of age, assisted in the same on
horseback. He was attacked with cholera, how-
ever, and the train was delayed two days, to
give him time to die; but he recovered and cime
on with the company.

Arriving safely, they settled on donation claim
lands in Linn county, building log cabins and
beginning pioneer life. The father was both
doctor and farmer. While in Indiana he had
been a member of the State Legislature, and in
Oregon ho served two terms in the State Semite,
of four years each. In 1870 he retired from
the farm and resided in the village of Hrowiis-
ville until his death in 1890. He was a man of
wide information, full of generous im|)nl.ses,
and a competent and successful physician, who
for fifty-three years had spent his life in caring
for the sick and suffering; both by day and
night, in storm and in darkness, he inaile his
faithful journeys to the bedside of the suffering,
no matter whether they were rich or poor. It
was enougii for him to know that they were in
need of a physician. In addition to his kind-
ness of heart, both in his family and toward all
others, he was a man of the highest integrity of
character, and all who had the honor of his ac-
quaintance esteemed him highly.

In 18(53 Professor ('rawford graduated at the
Willamette LTniversity, and at once began the
profession of teaching, which he has ever since
made the business of his life. He first taught
three years in the public schools of Sublimit3';
ne.\t he was principal of the public schools of
Salem for a year and a half; and in 18t)7 he
want to Portland, and for two and a half years
taught in the Portland Academy and Female
Seminary; the next two years he was principal
of the North public school, now called the At-
kinson school; the next four years he was Pro-
fessor of Natural Science and a teacher of other
branches in the Willamette University.

In 1870 he returned to Portland and was prin*

870

niSTOIiV Of (HIEOON.

eipnl of tlie Central suliool for a year, and was
then eli'cted Siiperiiiteii(li'iit of Scliools of the
eity, whieh poi^itioii lie heUi liy re-election for
eleven years, nntil 1n88; since that time lie has
U'en principal of the Park sehool. During liis
connection with tlie schools of the city, there
has heen a steady iniiiroveinent in applianct.'s,
methods and lesnlfs; he has enjoyed the co-op-
eration of the School Moard and of the teachers.
The schools of the city of Portland are second
to hiit few in any ot the States, — a source of
great satisfaction not only to Professor Crawford
Imt lo all others who are interested in the pul>-
lic schools. Recently the I'rofessor devoted
considerahle time and research to the collection
and coMipihition of a valuable history of the
fcnnding and ;L,'rowtli of the schools of Portland.
His work is opportune, inter '^ting, valuable an<l
praiseworthy.

I'rofessor Crawford has been a member of the
I. ( ). O. F. for twenty-tive years, has passed all the
chairs in the subordinate branch of that order,
and has represented his lodge in the Grand
Lodge of the State, and also his State in the
Sovereijiii Grand f.odije, in 1S75. He is also a
member of the Masonic fraternity, havin<r
taken the York Rite Chapter and (Jomniandery
degrees. He is also a member of Al Kader
Temple. Mystic Shrine. He is a Past Master
of Willamette Lodge, No. 2, of I'ortland. In
jwlitics he is a Republican, and has been one
ever since he became a voter, for which he gives
the credit to his mother's line of relatives — all
Free Soilers — as his father was a consistent
Democrat.

In 1804 Professor Crawford married Miss Em-
ily H. Crandall, a native of Wisconsin, born in
1840. They had four children, three of whom
they lost by diphtheria, in Salem, in 1875; the
Burvivitig child, born in 1880, is named Ruby.
In 1882 Mr.5. Crawford died, and in 1891 Mr.
Crawford married Miss Eva Grounds, a native
of Washington.

' tj "{- 4^ ' ^-^ ■*

fR. GEORGE WIGG, one of tho prominent
members of the medical profession of the
city of Portland, on the East Side, was
born in Clolchester, England, March 10, 1841,
of English ancestry, his father a member of the
Establislied Church, and his mother a Congre-
gationalist, or " Independent." His father, a
merchant, died at the age of si.xty-nine, and his

mother at seventy nine; a sister died of grief,
on the grave of her motlier at tlie burial.

The J-)octor, whose name heads this sketch,
was educated in his native city and in medicine
graduated at the Essex Institute of Ilotiie-
opafhy, in 18015. After practicing five years in
England, became, in 1808, to America, locating
in Clay Center, Clay comity, Kansas, wl ■ he
had a successful practice for seventeer ars.
In 188,1 he came to Portland, Oregon, i be-
gan the practice of his profession in East
Portland, soon acquiring an extended and valu-
able run of patronage. He lias invested in city
property and has commenced the erection of a
fine residence in that beautiful jiortion of the
city called Irvington.

While in Kansas he was an active member of
the State Homeopathic Society. For four years
he was a member of the Board of City Alder-
men; was also Coroner of Clay county by elec-
tion, and Treasurer of ('lay (Center three
years.

In politics he is a Democrat, taking a lively
interest in public questions and keeps abreast
of the times in everything that pertains to the
medical profession.

He is member of the Oregon State Home-
opathic Medical Society, and was for three years
its President. He is Past Master of Clay Center
Lodge, No. 134, A. F. & A. M., and also i'ast
(!hancellor of Custer J..odge, No. lit, Knights of
Pythias. He was the first Homeopathic physician
to |iractice his profession in ('lay county, Kansas.
He is a member of the American Obstetrical
Society of New York, also of the American
Health Resort Association of Chicago. For the
past seventeen years he has been connected with
the Weather Rureau of the United States (Gov-
ernment.

The Doctor is a genial, agreeable man, liberal
and enterprising in public affairs, is tiractical,
experienced and thoroughly informed in the
progressive science of medicine.

fUDGE WILLIAM H. ADAMS, a native
son of the great commonwealth of Oregon,
an eminent jurist, and the well known ex-
City Attorney of Portland, was born in Yam
Hill county, March 12, 1851.

His father, William L. Adams, was born in
Oberlin, Ohio, February 5, 1821. His ances-
tors were English, who came to America pre-

UIHTOHr OF (HiKOON.

871

vious to tho Revolution, settling in MiiriSftchu-
eetts. Ml'. Atlarus uiarriud Miss Frances Olivia
Gooilell, u native of iMaine. Tliuy had ei<;lit
cliildroii, soven of wliuiii are now living;.
Hearing the fame of tlie Golden West, Mr.
Adams crossed the drcMiry waste of intervening
plains to Oregon, accompanied by his faithful
wife and two children. Tiiey located in Yam
Hill county on n donation claim of (i-tO acres,
adjoining the property of Dr. McHride. Mr.
Adams erected a log cahin on his claim, pre-
vious to which the families of Dr. McHrideand his
own resided together in Dr. McHride's cahin.
Ill 1855, Mr. Adams removed with his family
to Oregon City, where he became the jjublisher
of the Oregon Argus, continuing in that capac-
ity until 1861. During his newspaj)er career,
he was a power in the country, acquiring the
reputation of being the most trenchant writer
in the West. £lis poem, the "Melodrama of
Polities'' by "Hreakspcare," is still remembered
by the pioneers of tlie State as an aiile satire.

In 18(51, he received the appointment of Col-
lector of Customs for the district of Oregon
from President Lincoln, which office he filled
ill an able manner for seven years, residing
meanwhile in .\storia. While serving in that
capacity, some of the clerks in the De[)artineiit
in Washington found fault with him because
they did not receive his reports sooner, not
realizing that the cau.se of delay was the slow
mail service, and not owing to the tardiness of
his reports, which were made and sent at the
proper time. Collector Adams wrote them a
letter, telling them, in his style, what ho
thought of them. His letter was carried to
United States Treasurer Spinner, who carefully
read it, and said, "Answer it yonrself; you have
evidently stirred up a man in Oregon, who is
entirely too sharp for you.''

In 1868 he lost his health, and resigned his
office, afterward making a trip to the Sand-
wich islands aiid also to South America, and
since his return has resired from active busi-
ness pursuits, and now resides on his farm.

His eldest daughter, Inez E., married W. W.
Parker, a prominent pioneer, and one of the
builders of Astorio. His next eldest daughter
Helen, married J. W. Johnson, now J'resident
ot the Oregon State University.

The subject of our sketch attended school in
Astoria, afterward attending McMiiinville Col-
lege and the Christian College at Monmouth.
Later, he began the study of law in the office

of the late Hon. M. I''. Mulkey, and in Dcccni-
l)ur, 187+, was ailiiiitted to the bar. lie begun
the practice of law in PurtJHnd as Deputy (,'ity
Attorney, serving in that capacity until flie fol-
lowing. Inly, when he was appninted liy Mayor
.1. .v. Chapman, Police Judge of Portland. He
served in tiiat position until ilai lary, 1889,
since which time, he has enjoyed a reiiiunera-
tive practice in his profession. In 1.8H'2, he
was elected a member of the Common Council.
In 1883 he was elected by the Council Presi-
dent of that body and was iv-elected in 18S3 to
the second term. He was elected ('ity Attor-
ney in 1887 serving for four years, until July,
18'J1. In this capacity he had the naiiage-
meiit of several very iinj)()rtHnt cases, and the
city was defeated in only one iinimpoi taut case
during all the time of his incumbcney. Since
1884: he has had a good practice in the courts.
As emphasizing bis faith in the metro])olis, he
has made a number of investments in city prop-
erty, which have proved emiiieiitlv successful.
He was one of the platters of the I'alatine Hill
property, and lie owns a seventy-seven acre
farm, located only eight miles from the heart
of the populous metropolis. His residence on
Portland Heights, constructed from a beautiful
point of view at large expense, is greatly ad-
mired, and many landscape artists have taken
inspiration from his veranda.

On October 12, 1875, he married Miss Olive
S. Paget, a native of Iowa, a daughter of a vet-
eran of thfi Civil war, who lost his life in that
sanguinary conflict. The family originates
from the House of Paget, of Kngland. Judge
and Mrs. Adams have three sons and a daughter,
all born in Portland: Clarence E., Percy P.,
Ralph II., and Cecilia A. The two eldest,
fifteen and sixteen years of age, are attending
the university at Eugene. They are all intel-
ligent, Percy having stood highest in a com-
petitive examination of all the pupils of the
Portland public schools in l89t). They bid
fair to reflect credit on the State of their na-
tivity.

The Judge is an active adherent of the Re-
publican party, taking a prominent part in all
cam|)aign work. He spoke in various' parts of
the State and ailjoining country during the
campaign of James A. Garfield for President,
and his pungent arguments and pointed witti-
cisms told much for the party in that campaign,
lie has been Chairman of the Portland City Re-
publican Central Committee several successive

a?.'

iiisTonr OF (tiiKdON.

terms. A few years since iin oriiniiiziitioii itf
tlie "Native Sons of Oregon," whs etfeetcd,
and lie was UMiininidUsly electeii I'resident
tluM'ei)!', and lie lias lield tiiat otlice to tiie pres-
ent time.

In relifii^iiis matters tlio Jndj^e is a worlliy
iiienilter of tlie Ciiristian denomliuttion. He
lias also inlierited no small decree of literary
talent, and altlioni^li not devotin;( himself to
literary jmrsuits lie lias a('(|nire(l no mean rep-
ntatioii as a ready and instnietive writer on the
political questions of the day.

It is tliioiigh the inthience of such repre-
sentative men that ()rei;oii takes the proud
Htand anion^ the ijlorioiis sisteihood of States
that siiu (Iocs; aiid among her thrilling annals
no greater name is found than that of Judjre
William II. Adams.

»i()N()llAl![,E DONALD Mac KAY, a

well-known piililie man and citizen of the
*;f]>^ metropolis of OrCffon, was horn in (/'anada
in 1841. Ills father. Angus .Mae Kay, was horn
in Scotland, coining to Canada in 1831, where
h(! married Miss Margaret MacKay, also a na-
tive of Scotland. They had children, eight of
whom are now living. The siihjeet of our
sketch was their fourth child.

He was reared oij his father's farm, and at-
tended the jniblic schools of his native town.
When grown, he learned the plasterers' trade,
at which he worked in Canada until 1805. He
then came to Oregon, via San Francisco, wliere
he spent si.\ months, then coming to Portland,
where lie worketl as a journeyman for a couple
of years. He then engaged in contracting and
building, and for a number of years he did
most of the plastering in the town. At this
time, he became connected with the Northern
Pacilic Lumber Company, of which he was
president for a couple of years. The business
was then re-organized, at which time he took
an interest in it. and was elected its president
and treasurer. They are now doing a large
wholesale and retail lumber business, being
probably the most successful company of the
kind in Portland.

He was married in 1871 to Miss Jane Mc-
Coy, a native of (.'aiiada, an educated and ac-
complished lady, possessing many charms of
person and character. They have two children,

both born in I'ortland, Walter iV and P^diia,
both bright and intelligent and promising to
rellect credit on their parents and birthjilace.

Mr. McKay is a prominent member of the
ALisoiiic fraternity, a Knight Teinjdar, and has
received the Scottish rite, 82il degree. Politi-
cally, he is an active liepublican, and has fre-
quently been lionored with the highest otti(Mal
positions of the State, that were in the power of
ills party to bestow, the demands of which have
always iieeii met with promptnes aiul ability.
He tirst became a member of the Common
Council, in which capacity he was remarkable
for intelligence and integrity. Appreciating
these (|ualities, his constituents elected him to
re])resent Multnomah county in the State Leg-
islature, in 1885. and while there served on the
committees of railroads and traii»|)ortati()ns so
satisfactorily that in IS88 he was electe<i to the
State Senate, where he is now sej'ving a four
years' term. He was last year chairman of the
Committee on Railroads and Transportation, and
also a member of the C^ommittee on Commerce.

Senator MacKay 's continual advancement in
business and statesmanship, stani]) him as a
man of more than ordinary powers; as possessed
of good judgment, a comprehensive mind, com-
bined with industry, energy and unfailing in-
tegrity, which qualities have secured the con-
fidence of his constituents and contributed to
his phenomenal success. No State in the
Pnion offers greater opportunities for merit
and ability to assume inagniticent proportions
in, untrammeled by the restricting influences
of an older civilization, than does Oregon, who
appreciates, as if by intuition, all that is good
and great, and delights to honor and blesB her
children.

LEXANUER ELIJAH BORTHWICK,
one of Portland's enterpri'^ing business
men, is a native of New York, born in
Schoharie county, February 22, 1845. His
fathe'-, William Ilorthwiek was also of New
York, born September 20, 1809, and his grand-
father, James Borthwick, \fas born in Scotland,
came to America about 1773, and settled near
Albany, New York, and during the Revolution
was a soldier in the Sehoharie County Contin-
gent Company, His son, George, father of
William, was born in Scotland also, and was only
five years of age when his father brought him

msTORT OF OREGON.

to America. Ilo was a fariiKM- ami u Captain
ill till' Nt'w York militia, liciiij; coiiiiiiIsskpiii'iI
l)j' the (Tovcrnor of New Vorl< in 1X0(5. His
uoii was oiir KulyectV father. They were ail
tall men. Mr. William ISorlliwick niarried
Maria I'lirthiioll, a native of iN'ew York, of Con-
neetiiMit ancestry, who resided near llaitlord.
She was a daughter of Joshua K. I'liBhnell, and
granddaughter of John Ilandley nnshnell, of
Winthrop, (\>nnectieut. They were fanners,
and all the ancestors on hoth sides ho tar as
known were Presbyterians. They had tivo chil-
dren, all living.

Ale.xander was ne.xt to the youngest in the
family and attended school until he was fift('(!n
at the piihlii^ district schools. IJc was then
sent to the West Dnrliain Academy, to the
Charlotteville Methodist Episcopal Conference
Seminary, and to the Fort Edward Collegiate
Iiiiititiite. lie also went to the Eastman Na-
tional business College at l'onglikee])8ie. New
Y'ork.

He enlisted November 16, 1861, in (Company
B, First United Slates Lancers, which was con-
solidated with the Fourth New York llea\-y
Artillery, lie served until August 20, 1H62,
when he was discharged on account of disability
caused by sunstroke and typhoid lever. On
October, 1863, he re-enlisted in Company C,
Second New York Veteran Volunteer Cavalry.
He wab in the Army of the Potomac until Feb-
ruary, 1804, when he was sent to New Orleans,
where he served in the lied River Campaiu:n in
18(54, and in the e.xpedition to Mobile, in the
spring of 1865.

After the surrender he was stationed at Tal-
ladega, north Alabama, building railroads, sup-
plying refugees, and protecting the country
until he was discharged, November 27, 1865.
lie served all the time as a private or iioncom-
missioned officer and was twice wounded, first
at the battle of Marksville, Louisiana, May 16,
1864-, by a sheli wound in the right hand, from
which he was in the hospital for two months.
His second wound was received at McCloiid's
Mills, Mississippi, by a bullet in the left knee,
while on an expedition from Haton Rouge,
Louisiana, to Mobile, Alabama, in November
and December, 1864, under General Davidson.

After ho was mustered out he went to school
a year, and then went to Chicago, St. Louis
and St. Joseph, Missouri. He taught school a
term and then in the spring of 1868 crossed
the plains from Leavenworth, Kansas, with a

mule train to Cheyenne City, Wyoming, thence
to Laramie, and was engaged by a coiit raetor
to assist in biiildini; the Knion I'acilic rail road
until July. He then came on to (ireeii river
and took up a ranch and made hay, sidling it to
the railway contractors and hotel- keepers. In
the winter he engaged in freighting to Salt
Lake (Jity, and continued in the businoss until
February, 18(59. He then contracted to deliver
ties to the Central PaciKc railroad at Keltoii,
from Clear creek, a branch of Ratt river, Maho.
Heoontinuecl in this until the roa<l wascompleted.
He thi'ii cani(< to Nevada, and was engaged in
developing a copjier mine for an English com-
pany. He snbsccjuently proceeded on a pros-
Secting tour with one other, from Winnemucea,
levada, by the way of Camp McDermott, (Jamp
C. F. Si.iitb, to eastern Oreifon, and then by
way of ('am)) Harney, Canyon City, and the
Dalles to PortlaiKl, arriving December 3, 18(59.
He taught school a term in the county and
then was assistant engineer in the construction
of the Oregon & California railroad, with C.
W. Hiirrage, civil engineer, from the end of
the track twenty miles ('011111 of Portland, to
Albany, in Linn county. Later he was on the
survey fr'->m Forest Grove, to Astoria, and on
the Ni . lerii Pacific railroad with the Kidder
party as topographer from Kalama northward.
He left the railroad service in March, 1871,
and came to i'ortlanil, and received the appoint*
ment of Deputy County Clerk in April,
and served in that capacity until .Inly, 1874.
He was then made Assistant Clerk of the House
of Representatives of the Oregon Legislature
for that year. He then went to AValla Walla,
Washington, and engaged in merchandising.
In the summer of 1875, he sold out and en-
gaged in mining at Barker City. He was en-
gaged in mining operations until May, 1876,
when he returned to- Portland, and resumed his
employment in the County Clerk's ofHce. Here
he remained, under the different clerks until
1880, wl;en he was elected County ('lerk. After
serving his term lie engaged in real estate and
in the sale of builders' supplies until 1837,
when he sold the latter branch of his busiuess
and conlined himself exclusively to the pur-
chase and sale of real estate. In July, 1889,
the firm of Borthwick, iiatty & Co., was formed
and incorporated with $60,000 capital. They
have platted and established several town sites
and post office additions to the city of Portland.
Mr. Borthwick has invested his surplus funds

371

iirsrour oF' ohkoos.

ill eoiiiity 1111(1 city nmi estutc, hihI Ims butMi VL'ry
bii(!Ci'>si'iii with liiti purcliuHUH. IIi< imilt in
1M88, a two-story Htori), wliicli fost iipwnnl of
!flO.(M)0. |{t■Hilie^* tiiin lit- Iuin Itiiilt iriHiiy runi-
ilciu't's iiiui storuH ill tilt' Hiiliiirlis.

lit! WIIW llllll'rilMl, AllfJIIHt l.'J. IH71, to Miss

Alien ('use, of Miirion coiiiity, Orej^oii. Tlu'v
imve Olio soil, Williiitii hiiwrmict!, iiorii in I'ort-
iand, July ii, 1^81. Mr. lioitiiwiciv is a iiilmii-
lior of tlie I. {). (). K., and is it charter iiiuin-
iier of (icoi-fjc Writtlit I'ost, No. 1, (t. A. K.
He has tilh'il ni'iiriy every one of tiio otHces in
the I'ost, and was Department ("oiiiiiiander in
1SS8. lie is a ineinher of the Oregon and
Washinj^'toii Society of Sons of tlii< .\iiiericaii
Uevolntion. IIo is an ardent UepiiMican. and
lias lieen a nioinber of tiio First I'reshvferiaii
Clinreii since 1885. lie is a hnsiness man of
ability, and is higiily respected iiy his host of
friends.

- -^-^^^

fR. OSM.VN ROYAL, prominent among
tile medical proft^ssioii of Portland stands
the gentleman wlio.se name lieails this
sketch. He was liorii near Hloomington, Illi-
nois, on January 3. 185(). His tatlier, U. W.
Iloyjil. was a native of Ohio, horn in 18:i8.
They are of Knglisli anc.-try. The Rev. Will-
iam Royal, the father of (!. \V. Royal, emi-
grated from Kngland and settled in Virginia."
Later he removed to Ohio and then to Illinois,
and was there (hiring the Black Hawk war. In
1858 he with his family crossed the jilains to
Oregon. The company with wliicli he started
did not think of staying in camp on iSunday,
and when he aniionnced his intentions of not
traveling on that day he was laughed at, and
told that when he got in the Indian country he
would get over that, however, he remained true
to his God and to his convictions of right and
wronj;. and rested himself and teams on the
Lord's day. and usually on the following Tues-
day he would again overtake his LOmpany. When
they arrived in the country, whore there was
danger from the Indians, he was besought not to
be 80 rookless as to stay behind, bitt he headed
them no r' At places there were notices of " Look
out for till-' Indians!" They also saw many traces
of these innrderons savages, but nothing dannted
this man persevered in liis resolve not to travel
on Sunday, and the result proved the correctness
of liisconr8e,asheiirrivi! 1 lirst in Oreg.ni, with liis

teams in a Inttter condition tliiiii the others. In
Oregon he was a faithful Methodist minister,
doing iniich itinerant and pioneer work, and
was the founder of the Cenenary Methodist
Church of Kast I'ortland. Two of his sons be-
came jiri^acliers of the goepcd, Rev. T. V. and
Rev. .1. II. It. Royal. At an anniveisiiry meet-
ing litild at tlui house of grandfather Royal.
f(M'lv of his posterity were (iroseiit, every oiniof
wiioin were Methodists, which illustrated (|iiito
fully the value of the faithful goodly life of the
iiiiiii who. by his faithful life, won the contideiice
of all who knew hi'ii.

Dr. Royal's father was a wholesale! har(|ware
merchant in Illinois, but removed to Oregon in
18(15 and settled at Salem, and was active in tlm
ortice of that city and was elected a member of
that l!ity Odiincil. He married .Miss Rachel K.
P. .Misiier, of Illinois, and they had tive chil-
dren, of whom two are still living. The Doctor
was nine years of age when he arrived in Ore-
gon, and he was educated at the Willamette
University, and then took a three years' course
in the Ohio Wesiyan University, at Delaware,
Ohio. He took his medical course in the ine(li-
cal department of the Hostoii University. He
was there four years, the last of the four in
hospital work. He was then one year acting
resident physician and one year resident sur-
geon at the (/'oiicord street dispensary, also a
half year acting re.iident physician at (trove
Hill hospital, known as the consumptive's home.
From there became to I'ortland and began his
practice in this city. He gives close attention
to his clujseii profession and is meeting with
marked success. He is a inoinber of the Oregon
Homeopathic Society and also the Mnltnomah
County Society. He is president of the latter
society and is also a member of th(! American
Institute of Homeopathy.

The Doctor has a valuable tract of land, where
lie is building cottages, and is forwarding a
sanitarium on Mount Tabor. From this point
the scenery is superb, as it overlooks the city of
I'ortland, takes in a beautiful view of all the
scenery with the mountains in a distance. Tiie
Doctor designs it particularly for those atHicted
with nervous diseases. He has all the facilities
for treating such diseases.

He was married in 1889 to Miss Julia Morgan,
a native of Ilion, New York. They have a son,
born in Portland. The Doctor's political views
are Republican. He is a member of the Meth-

uisrouY OF uimiits.

:i7f)

odiwt ('liiircli, itiul i'* ft f^untluttmii in ovory way
worthy of thf CHfetMii t!mt lii! t'lijoyis.

-^-..

^^X^.'\

fVUI'S mrCKMAN. II i.roiniiiciit lioi-ti-
ciiltiiriHt oF I'oi'tlaiiil, WHM born in AIIIhoii,
Stark roiiiity, Oliio, Anf;;iist II. 1S34, ii
Hon of A. II. ISiickiniin, wlio wittt Ixirii in I'lmiii-
dylviiniii. in 1^10, of tiniiker ori;;in. \\\*
iinc'o.-'try cettl(Ml in I'l'iinsyivunia from l!)n);l(uicl.
coniinj^ witli tiie Mecoiid emigration to tinit
«)lony. Mr. A. II. iiiickman inarrit'd Mi».s
Lydia llolluway, a tiative of Oliio, and iiad niir^
irhildrt'M, fii^iit of whom are living.

Mr. Mncknian, of this Kki^t(di, the eldent son,
was thri'o years (dd wdien liio niireiits and family
moved to Marslinil connty, liidiaini, wiiere he
wart lironi^lit np. Ilia first hnsiness enterprises
on his own aeeoiint was in 1S57, when lu^ huilt
a wareiioiise at Ktna (Ireen, on the I'ittslnir^,
Fort Wayne and (Ihiea<ro railroad, leased it for
a time, and then sold out and continued to work
for his father until he was thirty two years of
H}^e. Previous to this he piirehased ItiO acres
of lainl, but rented it to a tenant for three years.
In 18(i7, after marrinf^o, he eamn to Oregon,
arrivinji; at Kast Portland April 1, 1807. and
purchased the property on which he has since
resided, ensujied in the culture of strawberries,
raspberries, blackljcrries. etc.. and an orchard of
various other fruits. When he first houi'lit that
property it was -'away out in the country," but
the city has grown out to him, and his property
has become very valuable. The business in
which Mr. Huckman is engaged, has, by his
sagacity and industr}', became a success. His
first dwelling has been replaced by a larger and
finer one, where he now resides.

Seeing the importance of a bridge connecting
the two parts of the city, he became a stock-
holder ill the enterprise, and thus aidetl in build
ing the Morrison street bridge, the first across
the Willamette, and it has proved of great value
to the city. lie is also a stockholder and vice-
president of the Citizens' Bank of Portland.
During his residence here he has taken an active
interest in the educational affairs of the city,
and was for years one of the School Directors.
Recently he has been appointed by the State
Legislature one of the Commissioners on River
Navigation Improvements. This commission
is one of grc:it importance to the city, and the
men composing it have been selected l>ecaiisoof

their integrity, ability ami enterprise, .\mong »
the farmers of his section Mr. Itiickman is
prominent and popular. He was oiit^ of the
organizers of the (irange; has taken an active
part in it, and has been elected Master of the
same a number of times, which position he now
holds. He is un energetic business man, and
lilieral both in religion and politics.

.'I'ovember Vi, 1M(!(!. at Tippecanoe, Marshall
col iity, Indiana, he was married to .Miss .lane
(Jiiskill. a native of Ohio, and the daughter of
neijitmin anil Kli/al)rth (tiiskill, and their chil-
dn II. all born in Portland, are Wilidii, Anson
II., Klina and Clyde C.

fATIIANIP-L K. WKST. prominent among
the men, who have liiikiwl their interests
with, and made valuable improvements in
the city of East Portland, was born in the State
of New York, November '.iS, 1820. His father,
William West, was born in 17!i5, in Connecticut,
and married Miss Mary Smith, a native of Ver-
mont, and tiiey had eight children, of whom five
are still living. Tht! first ancestor of the family
in America, the great-grandfather of our sub-
ject, was Thomas West, an Knglish.cme of King
(rtforgo's soldiers, who was brought to .Vmerica to
enforce the Stamp .\ct and whip the colonies into
subjection, .\fter his arrival in this countrv his
love of freedom caused him to desert the service
of tile king and lend his aid to tlieyo'ing cause
of independence, by drilling recruits for the
colonial army. lie died in Mroome county.
New York, in 1828. On the maternal side the
ancestry were also English and very early set-
tlers of Vermont.

Mr. West, of this sketch, was reared on his
father's farm. When he became a man he re-
moved to the then Territory of Wisconsin and
settled on (lovernment land, built upon it. im-
proved it and followed farming thereon for
fifteen years, when he sold out and moved to
Mondovi, Buffalo county, becoming the pioneer
merchant in that place. He aided in building
up the town and did business there also for fif-
teen years. Selling out, he came, in 1875, to
Oregon. After following business here for a
year lie saw the prospects for growth and busi-
ness prosperity on the East Side, and he accord-
ingly crossed the river, in I87f), and purchased
the store at the corner of Fourth and L streets,
where the First National Bank now stands. After

;i7(i

niSTom- OF UliEGON.

Uive years of successful tinsiness there ho pur-
clmseii nil adiiitioiml lot and added to his store
liiiilding. eructiii<r a brii-k hiiildiiig, at a cost of
85,000. Five years later he sold this property
for ^30,000! lie tiiialiy moved to the corner of
Fifth and M streets, purchasing a i)lock, and
covering it with valuahle two and three-story
brick l)iiiidings, 80x100 feet. One he has
finished for himself as a store, making it one of
the best tinished on the East Side, where he and
his sons are <loiiig business. His principal
business is to supervise. His sons are capable
business men. For over tilirty years has Mr.
West been an active, snccessfid merchant, and
diirinir this time he has been raisinir aiul train-
ing several sons, who are now following in his
footsteps. T. B. West owns the southwest
fourth of the block, with five stores and a hank,
all two and three story, and lie runs the most
complete .dothing and gents' furnishing goods
entablishment on the East Side. N. Iv. West,
ir., now owns and rnus the dry-goods, and ladies'
and gents' furnishinir stores, and T. S. West
owns anil manages the l)oot and shoe store.

Mr. West has taken an interest in East Port-
land and aided all the pnbli-', enterprises, which
are calculated to a-'vance the town. He has
been a memt)er and President of the Council.
In his political views he is a liepiiblican. Of
courses he is widely acquainted, and has made
many friends. He is esteemed a worthy citizen
and an etticient buildei- of the city of East Port-
land.

lie was married, in 1852, to Miss M. E.
Jones, ii luvtive of New York, ami they have had
seven children, of whom four are living. The
three eldest sons; T. P>.. N. K., dr., and T. S.,
as already stated, are in business in Portland;
and O. W., the youngest son, is at home.

fOSEPlI WOOD HILL. B. A., M. I).,
Principal of the Bishop Scott Academy,
Portland, is a native of Westport, (Jonuect-
icnt, of whi;'h State his parents. Joseph and
Anna R. (Wood) Hill, were also natives; and
they were of English ancestry. Their children,
two in number, were a daughter besidej the
8ul)ject of this sketch. The father died in 18)54,
and the mother is still living, making her
home n'-w with Dr. Hill. The daughter is the
wife of iTCorge T. Brooke and resides at
Sprague, Washington.

Dr. Hill, whose name heads this sketch, was
prepared for college at the Selleck School, Nor-
walk, Connecticut, and ho ended his school days
at Yale Colletre, gradnatinif in 1878. In Auoust
following he canni to Oref,'on, ajid in 1881 took
his degree of M. D. at the Willamette Univers-
ity. He came to this State to take charge of
the academy, of which he is now the principal.

This scliool was founded in 1870 ami named
the Bishop Scott Grammar School. In 1877
the original building was destroyed by tire,
and only a small amount of its furniture and li-
brary was saved. The school, however, was
continued, in temporary buildings. During
the summer vacation tiie present large scdiool
building, specially arranged for school pur-
poses, was erected and made rea<ly for occu-
pancy by the fall term, in September, 1878,
at the opening of the Christmas term. In
1887 the school building was much enlarged,
the armory was built, military discipline intro-
duced, and the name of the institution was
changed by dropping the word " grammar "
and adopting the word •' academy." The course
of study was carefully graded, the whole scliool
reorganized, and it entered upon a new era of
prosperity and usefulness. During 1888-"S!J
much money was expended in j)ermaiieiit im-
provements on the school property. Thus has
it continued, year after year ever siire its foun-
dation, steadily to improve and grow in import-
ance and in the esteem and confidence of the
peo[ile of the Northwest. It has received the
liberal patronage of many of the best people
of the country, and many of its oupils are
prominent in business and the professions
throughout the Northwest. The l)uildings oc-
cupy high ground on the west side of the city,
a beautiful and desirable locality. The campus
comprises thirty-eight city lots, affording an
abundance of room for all practical purposes, —
drill and exercises. The aim of the school is to
give a thorough education in the full meaning
of the term, surrounding the pupils meanwhile
with the retining intliiences of a quiet Christian
lumie anil everything that will conduce to their
comfort and health. The course of study is
such as to lit the pupil to enter any college or
university, ami those who do not tit for college
are given a thorough English educiitioii, such as
will eminently fit them for active business. A'"
superior commercial department is included,
also shorthand and typewriting. The military
department is iinder the auspices of the United

JlIsrOR)' OF OJiKdON.

States (iovertmieiit. In all ik'})ai-tiiiuMts an ex-
cellent system of (lisi-ipiiiie is niaintaiiKHl.

Di'. Hill has been signally siu'ctjssfnl in the
coiKluct and management of the academy, de-
servinn; great credit for the high order ot the
school at the head of which he stands. Jlore
than 1,000 of the children of the best people of
the country have been under his care, and the
very best results have been attained.

In 1878 Dr. Hill was married to Miss Jessie
K. Adams, a native of his own town and a
dauj^hter of George S. Adams. They have had
three children, all born in Portland: Joseph
Adams, Benjamin Wood and (ieorge W. The
last mentioned died in his sixth year.

In his )iolitieal principles Dr. Hill is an in-
dependent, and in h'"s social relations he is a
Knight Templar Mason. He is a pleasant, go-
nial insm, possessing firm executive ability, and
manages his large school in a most capable add
successful manner.

-*<

#|«®{:l^;?

:TJ4>'

IPROFESSOU EUGKNE STE-BINGER, a
a^f talented organist, pianist and vocalist, and
*^i' a well-known teacher of vocal and instru-
mental music in Portland, Oregon, was born in
Biulen, Germany, in 1852. His ancestry fori.'
one continuous line of musicians .;nd teachers,
with the exception of his father, who was pro-
prietor and keeper of one of the largest and most
completely appointed hotels in ilesskirch, Ba-
den, of which city he was also the efficient Post-
maRt(M'.

The subject of our sketch was educated in his
naHvo country, when, upon the completion of
his studies, he emigrated to the United States,
in 1871. Soon after his arrival he went to Cin-
cinnati, where he taught a German school for a
year. He then removed to Sioux City. Iowa,
where he taught a German school, and instru-
mental a?id vocal music.

In ISTO he came to Portland, Oregon, and
for the first three years taught a German
school, when he became Professor of Music in
Bishop Scott Academy, which position he held
for ten years. He was organist in the Jewish
Synagogue and also in the rnitarian Church,
besides being the etttciout leailer of the Arion
Society of Portland and of tl'.e Swiss iSIreiiner-
clior. But he has recently discontinued teach-
ing and purchased the Merchant Hotel, one of
the finest lionses of its kind in the city, where

his brofher, Joseph, also a talented inusiciaTi
and violinist, carries on his large practice in in-
strumental music.

He was married in 18S1. to Miss .Mai'y Ilotf-
man. a highly esteemed society lady of Port-
land, and a daughter of Mr. F. A. Ilott'inau. who
is a ])rominent pioneer of the metro|)olis and a
large owner of city and rural property. They
have four sons. Hilar, Frank. Eugene and
Charles, all born in Portland, and who bid fair,
under the able management of their cultured
parents, to become a credit to their native city.

In politics, the Professor is a Ro])nbliean,
and takes a deep interest in the affairs of his
State and country.

Professor Stebinger owns a largo tract of
suburban property; also a block in a desirable
location in the city, on which he has erected
twelve large and substantial residences, includ-
ing Ids own beautiful home. The property is
on a slight elevation and commands a sweeping
view of Portland, and also of the surrounding
country, which in suminer is a continuous car-
pet of green, the whole view bounded by snow-
capped mountains in the distance and forming
an entrancing and sublime spectacle, one
strongly impressed on the mind, and often re-
verted to with pleasure.

^^yy^/iTy

'?/i/7/'l^^

STTO S C II U M A N N is a successful and
mi capable marble and monument dealer of
^i^ Portland. He is a native of Germany,
born November 22, 1855. His parents were
(Tcrmans and had been engaged for several gen-
erations in the same business, and he learned
the trade of stonecutter with his father in Ger-
many. He served two years in the Cierman
army, but at the end of that time he was ex-
empt on account of good conduct and attention
to <luty. He then came to the United States to
make a fortune, as so many of his fellow coun-
trymen had done and will do to the end of time.
He went through the customary formalities to
make himself a citizen of the United States, and
none of her sons are more devoted to her inter-
ests aiul advancement than this gentleman, who
has 80 thoroughly identified himself with her
interests in every way that one would never im-
agine that he was of foreign birth. He is an ur-
<lent Re|)ublicau, and he is a good representative
of the many good, capable and industri' us citizens
thai Germany lias furnished the United States.

In,

Hi:-

UISTOHY OF OREOON.

After arriving in this coiintrv. in 1882, lie
worked at liis trade in Ciiicaixo until October 17.
1883, when he eanie to Portland, Oregon, and
worked for nearly a year at the niarhle lioui^e of
Mr. William Yoiinjjf, the jironiinent marble
dealer of the city. In September, 1884. he
opened his own .ihop in the same block in which
he i.-( still located. 331 l''irst street, near Market,
where lie beij;an. He hail many liattles with
eircnmstances, as lie had but little moiiey, but he
had the more valuable qu-ilities for success, he
was a thorouifli and skilled workman, and he
was industrious and strictly hoiuirablo in his
business, i^ucli (jualities as these are bound to
succeed and his business has been successful
from the start, lie stands deservedly high in
Ids line of work, lie has put up many of the
tine monuments and done some of the best work
on buildings in the city, lie is also. a designer,
and some of his designs are very tine. He had
an exhibition of his work at the I'ortland .Me
chiinics' Fair and received first medal for the
best has relief in marble.

He was married in lf"S4, to .Miss .\gnes
Giboni, of Germany. They have one son,
named Otto. Mr. Schumann is a member
and Secretary of the (4erman society Verein
Eintracht. He is also a |)residing officer of the
Willamette (Jerman Tribe Improved Order of
lied Men, and a Knight of Pythias, a member
of the A. O. U. W.. and a member of the Engi-
neer (/orps of the Oregon .National (juards. lie
has deserved the success that has crowned his
efforts.

H^I^KT'

<•«=-

UTIiril PIIILniUCK.one of the leading
.itizens of La (Trande, Union couni v. Ore-
—,-.- gon, was boi'ii in Hrookline. Massachu-
setts. Xovember 26. 18(54, and is the oldest id' a
family \t1 nine children, born to William I), nd
Mary S. (Staigg) Philbrick. William I). Phil-
brick was also i)cu'n in Hrookline, MassiKdiusetts,
in IS36. where ho engaged in the business of
dealing in oil toi' several years, but now is the
editor of a paper of that State. He is the brother
of Kdward S. Philbrick, deceased, civil engineer
of I'oston. who is the author of the noted book,
'•American Sanitary Knijinecring. "and whowas
one of the leading sauit.iry engineers of the
United States. The mothei' of oui- subject was
born in Newport, lihode Island, and was u sis-

ter of the celebrated portrait oil painter, the late
llichard M. Stai^rg. of Uostou.

Arthur Philbrick attended the common
schools of his town, until he was Htteii for higher
mathematical studies ami then entered the
Massachusetts' Institute of Technology in Bos-
ton, and gr.ailnated there, in 1881, at the age of
seventeen. He then went to ('alifornia and en-
gaged with che California Southern Railroad
Compady, in the engineering department, and
continued with that company for four years.
At the time of the great boom at Los Angeles, he
went there and worked for the leading real-estnte
men in the laying out of towns, irrigati<in works,
etc. After stopping a short time at San Fran-
cisco, he went to Portland, Oregon, reaching
there in 1887 and engaged with the Union Pa-
citic Railroad Company as assistant engineer in
locating their road in Washington. He con-
tinned with this company for a year and a half,
going then to Astoria, where he followed rail-
road and land surveying for one yc^ar and then
returned to Portland,

He was married, in 188i), at Portland, to Miss
.May II. Hudson, a daughter of Dr. Nathaniel
'!ndsoti. f>he was born in Oregon, in 1803.
iler parents were natives of New York, who
came to Oregon in 1849. The mother is deaii,
but the father is yet living at the age of sev-
enty-three. After marriage our sid)ject went
to Walla Walla, where he lived two years, but
in 1891 he removed to Union county, and lo-
cated in La (iranile, where he received the ap-
pointment of Uiuted States Deputy Mineral
Surveyor, and in February, 1892, he was elected
city engineer of La Grande.

During the summer of 1892 he was engaged
by the city of La Grande as superintending en-
gineer of constructton on the city water-works,
a pumping plant, with reservftir combined, cost-
i:ig .850,000 and is one of the best systems of its
size on the Pacdtic coast.

During the fall of 1892 he has been making
surveys, e.xamiinitiouH and reports upon some of
the mining propert'"s in eastern Oregon, which
with a little more devLlopment work will rank
among the richest minet in the United States.

He intends to devote a great deal of time to
tlie develo|nnent of eastern ()regon mines in the
immediate fut\ire to the end that pi!ople living
in other States may obtain reli.able information
in regard to them.

Mr. and Mrs. Philbrick Imve one daughter,
Junia Rose Philbrick, born in 1890. Politically

HlHTOllY (IF OltEGON.

879

our .subject is a Re]Hitjli('iin and is (lestiued to
bec(jine one of the proiiiiuent men of tiie State.

|HEL E. EATON, one of tlie early pioneers
of Fnion county, Oregon, was born in Con-
way, New Ilainpshire, May 20. 1834. Ilia
t'atiuM'. ISiineon Eaton, was a native of ^[aine,
born in I5u.\ton in tliat State, was a farmer and
lawyer iiy profession and removed to New
llanipsliire while yet a younff man. lie was
married to lietsy, the daughter of William
J'aine, also a native of the Stiite ot'l\[aine. Mr.
and Mrs. Eaton reared a family of eleven cJiil-
dren, of which our subject was tho seventh son
and ninth chi'd. The fstlier died in 18(52, at the
age of sixty-seven years, and his wife departed
lliis life in 1877, at the age of eighty-two.

Abel lived with his parents until he was
twenty years old, having received but very few
educational advantages, only attending school
t'oi' seven weeks during the winter Cor a tew
years. This was the extent of his schoolings
with the exception of eleven weeks, which he
spent in the Conway T^niversity. Just before
leaving home, procuringa dictionary when about
nine years of age, he made that his main study
and thus (jualitied himself for teaching. At tl.?
age of twenty he took his dictionary atid with
it went to Cincinnati, Ohio, near that city he
rented a farm and engaged in the occupation of
farming for one year, chopping wood in his spare
time. The latter he sold in the city, l^ater,
our subject went to llnntsville, Indiana, where
he engaged in teaciiing his first school and here
he gave such satisfaction that he felt much en-
couraged.

Then Mr. Eaton returned to his old home and
worked on the farm there for three years, mak-
ing up the time to his parents wiiich lie bad
lust by leaving home before he was of age. Again
returning to Cincinnati he was engaged to finish
teaching a term of school that had been com-
menced by a man who could not manage the
pupils and had been ignominiously turned out
by the unruly ones. The tiirectors asked young
Eaton if he thought lie could manage tiiis crowd,
and he, having faith in his own methods, said
that he could. lie was engaged for a time and
finished the term to the surprise of the neigh-
borhood: beginning with eight pupils, he in two
weeks had seventy -eight. At this place he con-

tinued to teach tor tin? three following years and
would have remained longer but tiie war came
on and the sciiooliionse fell into the hanil of
General Uosecrans, using it for a telegra|ih sta
tion and head(juarters, which was named Camp
Dennison and the children's playground was
soon turned into a drill ground for the soldiers.

Mr. Eaton then bought .some cows and com-
menced to furnish milk to the officers and S(d-
diers,at which he made money. Laterour sub-
ject went to visit a sister living in Quincy,
Illinois, who at that time was lying very sick,
but when he re'iolied that city he found that his
sister had been taken on a train to her native
home in New Hampshire. Having a little
money, Mr. Eaton went into coin buying which
he cribbed near (Juincy. Ho bought 5,000
bushels which he paid for at a rate of 7i cents a
bushel, and in less than one year it was sold for
87| cents a bushel, not however, until after Ko
had come West. While living there, Mr. Eaton
was visited by the School Hoard of Quincy. with
the [jroposition that he should take charge of
the school of East Quincy for ^-lOa month. This
too was a very difficult school to manage and had
not been successfully taught for many years
prior to thistertn. Ileaccejjted the proposition
and taught a term, and on tlie hist day of school
there was a large gathering of the citizens of his
school to whom lie made an address, and that
was the last of his school- teaching.

That was in the spring of 1802, when he, with
two other men, started to cross the plains to
Oregon. The party had a weary trip of five
months, enlivened with hairbreadth escapes
from the Indians. On the first day out from
Quincy they came across two gentlemon whom
they joined. They proved to be two [)hy.^icians,
Drs. liudd and (4ri8wold, and they all journeyed
together until they reached eastern Oregon,
where Baker City now stands.

Upon their arrival at that place they were in-
formed by some emigrants whom they found
camped there, that they had come in time to wit-
ness one of the interesting little occurrences
which were frequent in that locality in those
days, it being the banging of a Frenchman. His
crime had been that of |)oisoning his three
partners. He was tried by the miners a of
little mining town called .\uburn. about twelve
miles distant, presided over by Colonel Pack-
wood, now of Maker City, and on the next day
the law was carried out in the presence of a
number of interested spectators, the penalty

3fO

JIIHTOIiY Olf Oli/CGON.

t . i !'

hfinj^ death hy liiiiii.'iii<i:, it heiiiff ii new sight to
the newly aii'ived ( irej^oriioiis.

This was tiio !)th of October, 1862, and our
siihjeet was anxious to du soniethinj; to increase
his e.\chee(|nei", so hnyiiifra second-hand scythe
for §().5() from sonic eniigraiits, lie had 81 left
and jiaid that out for one meal. Immediately
securing work in mowing grass he put up forty
tons of hay that fall and in the winter he hauled
this to Anlnirn and sold it to ]>ack trains for a
l)ig])riee, the last ton selling for §100 in gold as
hay was very scarce and almost any price would
he ])ai(l f(n- it. This money enabled Mr. Eaton
to tit out a freifj;hting team and he bought six
yoke of oxen and two wagons and began the
business of freighting from llimitilla landing to
lioise basin in Idaho anil to the mining places
alonj: the road.

Mr. Eaton traded principally in groceries and
continued this business for a term of eight years,
which proved very successful. He had many
hard times, many ups and downs, during these
eight years. Making a trip back to his native
home he went to Portland, Oregon, and there
took a steamer for San Francisco and made Bos-
ton, Massacliusetts, by way of Isthmus of Pan-
ama route. From his home in Conway he re-
tnri\ed to Quincj, Illinois, through all the largo
cities on the r(jute and after settling his busi-
ness there returned to Conway, New Hampshire,
then liack to New York, where he took steamer
via the Isthmus and San F'rancisco to his
liMine at Union, Oregon, the trip costing him
!Sl.t550. I'efore his visit to the East our sub-
ject had bouglit 500 bushels of wheat, paying
!?1.2o0 for it, fur seed; some men sowed this on
shares. They all pnt 400 acres in wheat and
raised from forty to fifty bushels per acre.

The marriage of Mr. Eaton took place in 1807
t(i Miss Mary E. Uaird.born in Putnam county,
.Missouri, in 1841, who came to Oregon with
her parents when she was a child. After mar-
riage, our subject bought 320 acres of land in
(irande U(.nde valley, in Union county, and
theiv began farming and the raising of stock,
bnvingand selling. At times he owned large
tract's of land ami handled thousands of cattle
and horses and he now retains about -4,000 acres.
He has a nice residence in Union and has always
taken an active interest in all the measures
promising any good to his county or State. He
served as the lirst Mayor of Union and lias been
the main |)romiiteror the building of the school-
houses and churches of the place. For twenty-

four years he has been a member of the .Method-
ist E|iiscopal Church and is one of its staiich-
est supporters in this city. Mr. Eaton is also a
member of the social order of Odd Fellows, both
in the subordinate encampment and Grand
Lodge and (irrand Encampment. He is one of
most prominent men in this part of the country,
always taking an active and leading part in all
educational enterprises, having for a long time
acted as School Director anddndge of Elections.
Also having iilled with credit and honor all of
the otiices pecnii.'.r to the various secret organi-
zations to which lie belongs. The unprecedented
perseverance with which he persues every un-
dertaking marks the secret of his almost certain
success in whatever he attempts to do. Always
ready to lend a helping hand for the relief of
snti'ering hmnanity, ever willing to endure hard-
ships and privations for others comfort, he will
be much missed by any community fmni which
he is called to iiart.

'HEODOUE VVVGAiNT,w]io came to
/S!!^ "'■Ggo" i" 1850, was l)orn in Ulster
ccmnty. New Vork, November 22, 1831.
His father. Williiiui Du Bois Wygaut, was born
in the same county. The family originated in
Holland, anil emigrated to the colonies in the
early settlement of America. Mr. Wygant's
father married Miss Amelia S. Fowler, a native
of New York and of Dutch ancestry, who were
early settlers of New York.

When the subject of this sketch was six years
of ago the family moved to Indianapolis, Indi-
ana, whore young Tl;eodore resided until he
came to Oregon. Starting on the 22d of May,
18r)(), he came by stage to St. Eouis, and by
steamboat to St. Joseph, where he joined a
party. The Journey was made with a pack
train of horses and mules, at tliat time there
not being a white settler between St. .loseph
and the Columbia river, but the trip was ac-
complished without serious accident. On ar-
rivingat Oregon (!ity, he spent the firsttwo years
there employed at miscellaneous jobs; a ])art of
the time, however, he was Deputy Sherilf. In
March, 1852, he engaged in steamboating on
the Upper Willamette, on the pioneer Oregon
steamboat (/anemah, on which he served as
clerk. Next he was agent for the joint steam-
boat companies at Oregon (^Mty, from l8.')y to
1803. He then came to Portland, continuing

!l!

■P™?1P^H^^

IIIHTORY OF OllKIION.

S81

with the Orej^oii Steuin NHvirratioii Coiiipanv
as their seuretary, from 18(35 to 1879, whuii tiiu
coiupaiiy's iiaiiie was chaiitrc'd, by ruorifaiiiza-
tion, to tlie On^j^oii IJailway ami Navijjatioii
Coinpaiiy, by Henry Vilianl, ami he coiitimieil
witli tlu'.tn until 1887. since which time he lias

iven his attention to real estate in the city of

'orlland.
In 185>^ ■ .narried Miss ^[argaret (tlen Kae.
who was .)orn on the shi]) Heaver, on the Pa-
cific ocean, the dani^hter of William G. Uae,
agent of the Hudson Jiay (Joinpany, a native of
Scotland, and brother of Dr. John Kae, the arctic
explorer. She is a granddaughter of Dr. John
McLoughlin, the most noted pioneer of the
Northwest, who came to the coast as early as
1824, and for years was virtually Governor of
the Northwest country. He was calle<l by the
Indians the White-headed Eagle, and by others
the Father of Oregon. His name goes into the
history of the country as that of a man of won-
derful e.xecutive ability, a friend of the Oregon
pioneer, and a noble, kind-hearted man. (See
page 102.) ^Ir. and Mrs. Wygant have four
children, all born at Oregon City. Their eldest
daujjhter, Nellie Amelia, married Martin Winch;
the second daughter, Alice McLoughlin, is the
wife of William M. Whidden; the son, William
Rae, is engaged in the hardware business; the
youngest daughter is Maria Louise.

Mr. and Mrs. Wygant are very highly es-
teemed pioneers of Oregon, and ^[r. Wygant is
a man of the very highest integrity of character.
He is prominent ip the Masonic fraternity, hav-
ing advanced to the thirty-second degree of the
Scottish rite, and served several terms as Treas-
urer of the Grand Lodge of Oregon.

• — -^-m-^ — •

|,,lANIELALEXANDERGItOUT,adi8tin.

guished educator and principal of the
North Central school of Portland, was
born in Ontario, Canada, January 5, 1862.

His father, William C. Grout, was born in
Canada, and was of English ancestry. Grand-
father John Grout was a Colonel in Kill"'
George's Army, and came with his regiment to
fight the colonists, and after the Revolution n^-
ceived lands in the vicinity of Hamilton, for his
services in the war, where his family have re-
sided up to the present time. The father of
the subject of our sketch married Miss Isabella
Gray, a native of Canada, whoso ancestors came

from Argyle, Scotland, in 1818, and settled on
the north shore of Lake Erie, in the Xia:,nirii
district., (ii and father (t ray was educated Cora
I'resbyterian minister, and grandfather Grout
was a Methodist local minister. Mr. (irout's
father died January 23, 1892, aged fifty-three,
greatly lamented by all who knew him, because
of his stei'ling (jualities of mind and heart. The
faithful wife and devoted mother still survives,
in the enjoyment of the affection of her family
and a host of personal friends.

The subject of this sketch was educated in
the Ontario public schools and at St. Thomas'
Ontario model school, afterward graduating at
the Ottawa Canada Normal School, in 1884.
He taught district school for three terms before
graduating, and after completing his course,
was for three years princi|)al of tlie Sparta pub-
lic schools, and was .afterward principal, for a
couple of years, of the Aldboro public s(diools.

In 1890 he came to Oregon, where he was
elected by the School Board principal of the
North Central school, which position he has
continued to fill to the entire satisfaction of nil
concerned. His school numbers 485 pupils,
and comprises ten departments, with nine teach-
ers besides himself, and the double duty of
teacher ami superintendent of the several de-
partmetits keeps him busy, and is a good test of
his ability and energy. He has, however, re-
sponded most satisfactorily to all demands on
his time and talents, and has imparted his en-
thusiasm to his teachers and pupils, so that he
is greatly aided in the performance of the great
work in which he takes such a deep interest.
He cpme to the coast with the highest recom-
mendations, which have been more than fulfilled.

He is an active member of the ifasonic fra-
ternity, to which he has belonged for a number
of years.

The Portland School Hoard are so careful in
their selections, demanding the best talent in
their teachers, that an engagement by them is
sutKcient indorsement of merit, while the fact
of Mr. Grout's continuous services is evidence
of the justice of their belief in him, which is
now fully established.

-^.^^^

fR. E. SHELP)Y, a business man of Port-
laud, is a native of Marylaml, born Au-
a gust, 17, 1834. His father, Mayne Shelby,
was a native of the same State, born in 1780,

\>\X

If.:

;i8L'

lllSTOny iiF OUKtION

Mini of Si'otcli aiicpsti'y, wlio were early settlers i
ni' the cDlDiiies. His tiitl'.er serveil lis a soldier I
in the Revolution. .\[r. Miijoi' Sliell>v married
Harriet Messiek, a native of iiis i)\vn State, licr
fainily oiiiriiiated in England. Tliey had nine
ehildren of whom five are livino. Mr. Shelby,
onr siihjeet, was the yoiinj^est l)Ut one, and was
raised in Hamilton county, Indiana, on a farm.
altiMidino seliool in the winter. On August 9,
lMi2. he enlisted in ('om|)any E, Ninety-fourth
Illinois \'()lunteer He<j;imcnt. They were sent
to St. Louis and he particijjated in the battle of
I'ine Grove, was at the siege of Vicksburg, the
capture of Frazier City, fought at Fort Donel-
soii and in the tii^hting at Mississi|)pi Pass and
lastly at S|)anisli Fort. He waa discharged on
July, 17, ISIi.j. While in service he was seri-
ously disabled, for which he now receives a pen-
sion. He was a faithful and brave soldiei'. He
partici|)ated in several hard-fought battle.* ami
richly deserves the consideration of the nation.
The government can hardly do too much for the
men who risked their lives to preserve the unitv
of the United States. When Mr. Shelby had
recovered .■'oniewliat from the etVects of the
dreadful scenes through which he had |)ussed he
tried farming, but came to California in IST-t
and settled in Yolo county, where he remained
four years and then came to Portland, Oregon.
In 1887 he received a paralytic stroke which in-
capacitated him for active business and in 1888
he ojieiu'cl his notion store at 323 I'irst street,
where he is now in business.

He «as marri(,Ml in Indiana on the 6th of May,
I8."i7, to Miss Kebecca Shryrock, of Imliana, and
the drtughter ot John Shryrock, of that State,
fhey have Imd three children: Cora, now the
wife of Riclmnl Stewart; Ella, now Mrs. Will-
iam L, i'rooke; and (leneva, who died when six
years of age. ^[rs. Shelby is still livingand she
has proved herself a loving wife. .Mr. Shelby
is a menibi^r of I. O. O. F. in both branches ami
is Treisiirer of Harmony Encampment of Fort-
land. He is also a member of the G. A. R. and
in politics is ,a reliable Republican.

[AMUEL RULLOCK, Justice of the Peace
of East Portland, was born in Worcester,
England, March 1, 1827, of purely Eng-
lish tincestry. He was reared, eilnoated and
taught the baker's trade in his luitive land, where

lie continued to live until he attained his nin-
jority, when he emigrated to the Unitt'd States,
arriving in ITtica, New York, on November 7,
1848, where he learneil the house and sign paint-
er's trade with his uncle, George HuUock. Af-
terward he removed to New York and engaged
in the bakery business, and subscijuently re-
tui'ned to I'tica, where he reside<l until 18(52.
From there lie removed to Buffalo, in the same
State, where he continued his painting business
for about seven years, then going to Omaha,
Nebraska. After spending some years there,
lie rf'inoved to Fremont, in the same State,
wdience he came to San .lose. California, wdiero
he remained in business until he came to East
Portland, now Portland, in 187!t, in which city
lie worked at painting for three years, when he
was elected .(usticeof the Peace, serving for two
years, since which time he lias been thrice elected
to the same otKce. This fact is a sutlicient testi-
monial to his good judgment ami impartiality.

In 1851, in the city of New York, he was
married to Miss Louisa Waddle, a highly es-
teeme(l lady, and they had tive children, three
now living, two having died in infancy. Their
liajipy married life, however, was destined to bo
of short duration, for after ten years the faithful
wife ami devoted mother died at Piiflalo, leav-
ing her family and many friends to mourn her
untimely taking away.

In 18t36, at New York city, Mr. Rullock mar-
ried Miss Eliza T. Dudley, an intelligent lady,
and a native of Ttica, New York. They have
six children. One of his ilaughters, by his first
wife, Mary Louisa, married Mr. A. T. Smith;
and his daughter Fanny, by his present wife,
inarrie<l Mr. .1. W. Heveridge. Two of his sons,
by his lirst wife, are both married and are in
Chicago, while the others are at home with him-
self and wife.

In the Masoni(^ fraternity, .Fudge iJullock has
made a very creditable record. He was made a
blaster Mason in 18.57, and n Royal Arch Mason
in 18.')8. He received the Red ('ross degree.
May 7, lS,j8, and was created a Knight Temp-
lar, .fiine 3, 1858. He took the Council degn-es
of Royal and Select Master on this coast in 1882,
and lias filled all the offices in the Council up to
that of Grand Master of the State.

Politically he is a Repulilican, and as a man
is upright and honorable to the liighest degree.
As a .Fustice, he is capable and conscientious,
and, to the best of his ability, renders his de-
cisions according to the law and the evidence.

llISrOUY OF O/lKdOS.

88:1

*>()N. JOHN I'OWHLL, of Knst I'drtlnnd,
came to Oregon as eariy as 1847, a sou of
one of the most respected |iioneerH. lie
WHS horn in Piketown, Iventncky, May 2S,
1828. Ilis father, Allei; i'owell, was a native
of Virginia. It is iielieved tliat tlie family
orijrjiiated in Wales, hut came from Enifjaiid to
tile (polony of Virf^inia many years previous to
liie Uevuliition. The urandfatiier of our suh-
ject, ("ader I'owell, servecJ as a soldier in the
Kevolution. Allen I'owell married Miss I'oUy
Johnsoii and liad eijrlit children, of whom only
two are now livinj^.

Mr. John I'owell, the youngest son and next
to the yountjest of the family, spent the first fif-
teen years of his life on a farm in Keiitucdiv;
the next nine years he was in western Missouri
and Kansas. — the latter State being then a part
of" Indian Territory.'' Being an orphan fnim
tlie ai^e of seven years, it can be justly said of
liim that he is a eelf-niade man.

In 18-17 he came overland to Oregon. On
May lOtli he crossed the honiidary line of Mis-
souri al)out twelve miles south of where Kansas
(Jity MOW stands. He and his party started with
six wagiins, but soon there were forty-two waif-
ons in the train. Two of Mr. I'owell's brother's
were with him; the eldest had an outfit, but
Jolin, our Bui>ject, had noTie, and he worked for
his pas.sage by driving teams and loose stock.
On their jouriuty they escaped the cholera and
the Indians, but had measles and mountain
fever. When near the Dalles they went into
ciinp for two weeks, cut down trees and with a
whipsaw made lumber and built a scow, on
which they came to the Cascades. There they
unloaded the boat, shoved it out into the river
and let it go over the falls, after which it was
fished out and reloadeil; and thus they came on
to their destination.

Their first work in Oregon was cutting sa>v-
logs. Soon Mr. John I'owell bought a squat-
ter's right to 328 acres of land, on whidi was a
log cabin, and of which two acres were cleared
and one sown to wheat. After remaining here
a year and a half, the California gold fever
reached his community, in 184-8, and he im-
mediately re|)aire(l to the origin of the excite-
ment, and mined for gold on the Feather and
American rivers. Recoming sick, he returned
to Oregon, by water; but the next spring he
went again t . the gold fields; and on arriving
there, however, he met his brothers returning to
Oregon, and ho came back with them. In the

fall of 1849 they went again to (Julil'ornia, with
a con)pany, and Mr. I'owell spent a year in the
placer mines, meeting with moderate success.

Returning finally to Oregon, be "took Uf) " a
grant claim on the Columbia rivm', about seven
miles from Portland, on which he built and
made other iuiproveinents, and wliere he made
a permanent home. The property is now very
valuable. lie followeil farming from 1851 to
1883, and then retired from active life to a
pleasant home, which he purchased in East Port-
land, where he resides.

Prior to the war Mr. Powell was a Douglas
Democrat, but the tiring u[)on F'ort' Sumter
drove him to the ranks of the Union party, and
ever since then he has found himself most at
home in the liepublican party. In 1884 he
was elected to the State Legislature, and while
there he had the pleasure of casting his vote
ratifying the amenifivient to the Federal Con •
stiuitii^n which declares that slavery shall never
exist in the United States. He was brought up
in a slave State and was always opposed to slav-
ery, and he took special pleasure in being ])res-
ent at its death. During the war he was active
on the side of the Tnion, and all his life he has
in his motlest way done what he believed would
result in good to the world, especially in his
own State.

December 20, 1852, is the date of his mar-
riage to Miss Martha Milliorn, a native of Vir-
ginia and a daughter of flohn Milliorn, a I'enn-
sylvanian, who came to Oregon that year. Mr.
and Mrs. Powell have had eight children, six
of whom are living, namely: William Frank-
lin; Sarah Jane, who is the wife of James Stott;
Thomas Cader; Ste|)lien Douglas; Fanny, who
niarried William (iilson and died May 1, 1887;
John Allen, who died when an infant; Rose,
who is the wife of Carl Brandis; and Irene,
who is at home with her parents and is a teacher
in the public school.

fgf^ILLIAM O. ALLEN, of Portland, was
:A'Mv1| born and bred near Troy, New York.
!*^p^ After a busy and mostly successful life
in the Western States, he, in 1865,canie to Ore-
gon, but did not settl« in Portland until 1879.

After a carefid sounding of the harbors of
the coast from the straits of Fuca to Southern
California, he found that there were but four
harbors (it for seaport towns, and Portland had

;!IH

'SI

;«4

IIISTOliY OF OHFAIDN.

till! I)e«t, all tliiiifTs considered, heinj; sitnntcd on
tlui Williinu'ttf lit tliu lieiid of nliij) iiixvic^iition,
mine ninety mile.- inlunil. The liarlmr here is
(ine di' the hest in the worlii, lieinj^ siirrcinmled
liv hills and well |)rote('ted agiiin>t storinn. Tlie
('"hiinhia and Willamette rivers art'ord the host
eliannels for naviiration tor either our merchant
oi' war vessels. an<l this point is one of the best
for a naval station. The Wars can he protected
by suidien torpedoes, and so tiieso beaiitifnl
cities can he tlxironi^hly protected ai^ainst any
war vessel nf the enemy in the worhl. The
de|itli ot' the water at the soinul is 8\icli that
sniiken lorpeihics wonld bo useless to the cities
there, wlnle at San Francisco the corresponding
advantages are not favoralde. In spite of all
such protection that city could he innnbarded
from the sea. I'esides, here in Oregon the lonj;
tri[) through fresh water cleanses the bottom of
tile vessels.

On the whole, the pros|)eet of Portland's fu-
ture is brighter than that of any other city on
the i^reat Facitic coast.

|^i-^AUI,O^V V,. DRAKE, M. D., a respected
and worthy member of the medical pro-
fepsion Iti the city (jf I'ortland, was born
in Detroit, Michifran, 'November 27, 1848. llis
father. Dr. Elijah II. Drake, was a native of
New York an<l a pioneer liomeopatliist of tliat
city, practicing; there for over Iwenfy-fivo years
and being one of the leading members of iiis

Bcl 1 of medicine who fou^rht the battle and

overcame the oppcjsition in seeming a eiiair of
lioineopathy in tlie Michigan State University,
at Ann Arbpr. lie had been educated and
began his pi'actice as an allopathist. following
his profession fur thirteen years by that system.
While practicing in Indiana a certain summer
epidemic l)atiled the medicines in use in his
practice, and by way <(f experiment he tried the
liomi'opathic remedy, with results so satisfactory
in all the eases that iu' turned his attention to
the new school and finally adopted it in toto.
In 1K74 his life was terminated by a railroad
Hcciilent near Ypsilanti, Michigan. For his
wife he married Miss (lornelia Jilakeslee. a na-
tive of New Uerlin, New York, and a descend-
ant of the family of Toby, who were among the
first settlers of New Bedford, Massaciiusetts.
One of the ancestors of the family at one time

was Lord Mayor of the city of London, Eng-
land. Dr. Elijah 11. Drake had seven children,
of whom oidy two are now living.

Tiu' subject of the present sketch, the second
born in the above family, was educaied at the
Institute of Technology in Ijoston, and grad-
uated in medicine at tiie Ilalinemann Medical
College at Philadelphia, in 1878. lie began
practice with his fatiier in the city of Detroit,
anil after his father's death he continued in
)riictice there for a number of years, until his
lealth failed. To rei^ain it he came to Oregon,
stopping in the eastern part of the State, where
he became interested in a mill. In 1885 he
built a flouring mill at Union where he did a
successful business for two years. In 1888 he
disposed of the property, and, having recovered
his health, he came to Portland and resumed
bis practice as a physician, in wdiich capacity he
is meeting with deserved success, lie is a
member of the American Institute of Home-
opathy, the Homeopathic State Medical Society,
and of a similar society in Detroit.

He and his family are connected with the
First Presbyterian (Church of Portland, and in
politics he is a Ilcpublican. lie is a gervtleman
of the highest ])rol)ity of character, and a tal-
ent"'d and a tliorouj:;hgoing physician.

In 187-1 he married Miss Eleanor (3. Swain,
a native of Detroit, Michigan, and they have
two children: Cornelia and Eleanor.

^ ♦ (^ ~*

ILLIAM T. B. NICHOLSON came to
^; Oregon in 1858, and is a native of New
York city, born December 6, 1836. Ho
is the son of Sobrias Watson Bryham, who died
when William was a child. His mother mar-
ried .Mr. Nicholson whose name was given to
William. The family firiginated in England
and his mother's maiden mime was Margaret
McCMenaban of Irish ancestry. Mr. Nicholson
went with the family to Philadelphia and re-
sided there until he was eleven years of age.
Here he was sent to stdiool, he then went to the
old Hopkins' farm, fifteen miles out of the city
and remaintid there untii he was fourteen years
of age, and then came to (California with his
mother and sister, Mr. Nicholson having pro-
ceeded to the coast in 1849 and sent for them
to follow. They made the journey by the way
of Panama on the steamer Brother Jonathan on

■1

niHTOHY OF OHEGON.

888

her first trip, and on tlio first tripot'tht
Pacific on this side. In San I'rancisc

lie steamer
;;isc() lie was

scat to tlie San Francisco Academy, atferward
helped in iiis father's store, and hiter Mr.
Niciiolson assisted in establisiiini^ a iiigiit school
at the corner of Dupontand Sacramento streets.
From that sprang; the first nigiit scliools in tiie
city. In 1858 William wont to the Fraser river
mines. A large company of men fitted a ship
for that purpose. Having no success at the
mines he returned to the sound and was engaj^eii
in surveying lumber, and in November came to
Portland and was a clerk for t!ie pioneer mer-
chant, John R. Foster for some time.

In 1859 he was married to Miranda L. Cason,
daughter of ilillery Cason, local minister of
the Methodist Episcopal denomination. Mr.
and Mrs. Micholson have had six children born
in Portland, namely: Minnie L., the eldest
daughter, married George II. Hill, who is now
chief clerk in the First National iiank; Maggie
married E. U. Hoot, who is chief clerk and act-
ing cashier of the Terminal ('onipany; and the
otlier children are, William Edward, Rodney
Adelbert; the children at home are Earl Vivian,
and Grace Edith.

Mr. Nicholson has been tor years engaged in
the collectinir and brokeratfe business and has
had the business of the oldest and best houses
for many years, lie has also invested in real
estate and has both bought and sold on his own
account and for others. In 1800 he purchased
in East Portland tiftoen acres of land, which cost
him S751.50. He subdivided the property,
niakiug eighty lots of it, anil has recently sold
one of the lots for §2,500, which is an illustra-
tion of the growth of the city and the increase
of the value of property. Mr. Nicholson has
built a nice home of his own in East Portland,
where he resides with his family. He is a Re-
publican in politics, but has declined office. Ho
is a member of the Methodist Church, and has
been a member of the official board. Early in
his history in Portland he took the contract to
cut the brush on 130 acres in East Portland.
This contract he completed, doing the whole of
the work with his own hands. His mother re-
sides in San Francisco. She has attained the
age of eighty-four years. Time has dealt very
lightly with him, and he is still a young looking
man. He is a kind-hearted and agreeable man,
and enjoys the confidence and esteem of a wide
circle of friends.

LIAS W. SWAFFORl).

a wKlcIv

favorably ktiown jjionccr of ( )i'i'gi)M ("ity,
Oregon, on ther-cuiie of whicii he made his
first a|i])earance on October l><, ISo^, -iince wIk^ii
he has been an honored lesident of the place,
was born in Wayne county, Indiana, September
17, 1819.

His father, Rev. Jeremiah SwalTord, was a
native of North Carolina, and of- Welsh origin,
his ancestors having emigrated to the North
American colonies previous to the Revolution.
The father was a life-long worthy minister of
the Baptist denomination. He married Miss
Martha Goodwin, a native of (ieorgiii, ami they
removed to Middletown, Henry county, Iniliana.
Later they removed to Mercer county, Illii;ois,
where he died in 1847, in his sixtysi'cond year.
He was twice married; by his first marriage ho
had thirteen children, and by his second mar-
riage he had ten children. Oidy five children
are now living, three of whom reside in Iowa
City, and one near Iowa City, and the subject
of this sketch.

Our subject was the tenth child of the lirst
family, and was reared and educated in his
native State, where he was married to an estim-
able lady, Ellen McMannus, of Ohio. He and
his wife and two children crossed the plains in
185"^ to Oregon, making the trip in a covered
wagon drawn by four yoke of o.veii. They came
with a train of seventeen wagons, and had a suc-
cessful and pleasant journey. Arrived in Ore-
gon (^ity, they took a claim located four miles
east of Oregon City. After a year's occupation,
Mr. Swafford's title to this land was disputed,
and he finally gave it up, and purchased 120
acres of hi.-< brother's donation claim. Here he
built a cabin, and has since continued to live on
this property, which he has assiduously cul-
tivated and carefully improved with substantial
buildings, until he now owns one of the average
farms in the county. His wife and children re-
sided on the farm, while he worked at his trade
of carpentry in Oregon City. Many times in
the early days he has carried home a sack of
flour on his back, a distance of five miles.
There are few things that can withstand patient
industry and careful economy. It proved so in
this case. In time, a substantial and comfort-
able home took the place of the little, inconven-
ient, cabin; good barns for his grain and stock
were built, and his farm compared favorably
with any in the country.

oMU

lllsTiiltY OF OlUiUOiW.

;-f

Tlio two fliildi'fii, \vli()iM'(inm'(l the ])liiiiirt witli
tliuir |iiiri'iits in ISolJ. uru Klliott .1., imw imfof
tlic Ifiiiliiii^ l)ii(iiiii'st» int'ii of Siili'iri; and Miii'tim
Ann, who died in lier eiirliteenth year. Two
ciiiidrt'ii were horn in Oreiron, Jmnes l>,, now
in linsinesn in Oregon City; mid Williiini II.,
who died in liis nineteentli year. Mrs. Swatiord,
the I'aitiifiii wil'e and devtited mother, died An-
giitit 14. ISSo. in tile midst of iiei' family and
friends. She was widely l<iio\vii and ijreatly
e.-teemed for her many amialile ijualities, and
was lamenfed hy all who knew her. Mr. Swaf-
fcrd has retiretl from his farm, and is spendinif
liis declininjit years with his sons, in Oregon
(3ity and in Salem, going and returning as he
desires.

When he eami! from the East, he hronplit a
letter from his ehnreh, with whieh he joinetl
the Methodist Clniri-h of Oregon City, which is
now the oldest house of worship in the State.
From the time he came nntil the present day,
he has been one of its most devoted members,
atteiidini.f its services regi'larly; first, coming
on foot, with his o.xen, and later attendini^ with
his horses and carriaijes. He has l)een for fifteen
years an etlicient and acceptable Class Leader;
has also held the office of Steward; and has been
for forty years one of its most worthy and reli-
able members.

He has witnessed many and wonderful changes
since his advent into the Territory. What was
then a wide expanse of n.icultivated prairie
now blossoms as the rose. He has become
widely ai;(|uainte(l and enjoys the universal
good will of his fellow-men.

-^^4^mim^

fOV. ADDISON C. GIBHS. who was the
' war Governor of the State of Oregon, and
iggf. one of her most worthy citizens, was a
native of New Yoi'k, born in East Otto, Cat
taragus county, July 9, 1825. His ancestors
came to this country from England, and settled
in New ilngland. His father, Abraham Gibbs,
came to western New York. He married Ka-
chel Scobey, of Troy, New York. They settled
on a farm in the new county, and it was hero
that Addi,-:on was born. His opportunities for
an education were few and limited. When he
was thirteen years old, the Kev. G. Hines, of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, was stationed at
East Otto, and under his labors a revival took

place, in which .Addison was converted and en-
tered the Methodist Church, and was a faithful
member the remainder of his life, aiding it in
every way possible. After this for two years
he attended the Springville Academy, now
(xritHth Institute, lie then taught school at
Hinsdale, Alleghany county, New York, pend-
ing his (ivenings studying law. The following
year li(< taught .'•chool in tlit! district adjoining
his old home. Here he had liJO pupils, and re-
ceived ^15 a month, with his board, for teach-
ing them. He was so good a teacher that he
was very j>opular with his pupils, as well as with
their parents. Soon after the close of IiIb
school, in 184H(, he accepted a sclujlarship in the
State Normal School in Albany, X(>w York.
After finishing his course of study, he went to
Jefferson county. New York, wdiere he taught
school and studied law as opj)ortuiiity offered
and his finances permitted, it was here that
he first took an active part in politics, liis blood
being stirred by the cry, "Free soil, free speech,
freemen;'' and in that Presidential campaign,
iu which he favored Van Huron and Adams, lie
gained the exjierience of public speaker, which
in after years made him such a j)ower on the
side of the Union in the State of ()regon.

After the discovery of gold he came to the
coast in 1850, and located a donation land claim
at the mouth of the IJmpipia river, where the
town of (iardiner is situated. In 1853 he vol-
unteered iu the Kogue river Indian war, and
was by the side of Captain Stewart when the
latter was shot. That same year he was elected
a meml)er of the Oretron Leijislature. In 1854
lie was associated with Hon. T. F. Grover (since
Governor and Senator) on a commission to audit
and report to the National (Trovernment the
spoliation claims of the settlors, arising out of
the Kogue river war. In 1853 lie was appointed
Code Commissioner, and a little later Collector
of Customs for Port Perpetua, afterward known
as Port LTmpqua. He resigned this position in
1857, and removed the next year to Portland,
where he formed a law partnership with Hon.
George H. Williams, late United States Senator
and Attorney General under the administration
of President Grant.

(xovernor Gibbs was a member of the Legis-
lature which elected Baker and Nesmith, bnt he
unfortunately supported his friend and partner,
Mr. Williams. This lie did not do for personal
reasons alone, but because Mr. Williams' view
of the situation of National and State questions

iiiaruiiY uF ouKiiox.

t)8T

wa« more in acconlftiici! witli hit* own vicnvrt tlmn
itny otlicr eiiiMliiliUe. In tlic I'l'i'sidentiiil tdec-
tioii of IStJd li(! supporti'il Ddii^'lii:-, luit when
the Iliiioii Ut'|)iilili('im party wa.* foniii'd, Uy a
oall made t)y tlic State (Jciitral ('oiniiiittee, lie
was the first to ni^ii tlie call, lie was itoiiii-
iiated by tiliB party for Governor, and was
elected. The vote of" that election placed Ore-
j^on on the Bide of the Union. Mr. (iil)l)s was
elected (Jovernor at tiie inont prccarions time in
the history of the nation, (ioveriior (tild)s was
very ttrm in his executive measures to protect
the Union, and his life was constantly in <lan-
f^er, hut aided hy (General Alvord, of the rejjjn-
lar army, ho prevented it war within the State.
At the close of his term, in 18(5*), ho received
the caucus nomination of his party for Uniteil
States Senator, and came within one vote of
election; later in the contest he withdrew, and
Hon. Henry VV. Corhett was elected, (rovernor
(xibbs was then eh-cted I'rosecutiiig Attorney of
the First Judicial District, and afterwanl re-
ceived the appointment of United States Dis-
trict Attorney, which position he filled with
great credit to himself and usefulness to the
country. He took great pleasure, while (iov-
ernor, to locate public lands for schools, and his
work is a fitting monuinont for him. lie
served on the Hoard of Trustees of the Willam-
ette University, and that institution conferred
the title of LL. D. on liiin in recognition of
his services. He also served as Trustee and
Secretary of the Portland Academy and Kemale
Seminary at a time when this was the leading
educational institution in the city of Portland.
Later ho was active in having the projxirty of
the Portland Academy transferred to the Wil-
lamette University, when the former institution
was not regarded as needful. He was Presi-
dent, for a number of years, of the Hoard of
Trustees of the Taylor Street Methodist Epis-
copal Ohurcli, and greatly aided it in many
ways.

lie met with some reverses in his business
matters, owing to fire and other circnnistances.
In 1886 he was in London, England, on business
that would have greatly retrieved his fortunes
if he had had time to fully consummate the
business, but he was unexpectedly taken sick
and died, December 29, 1886. He was buried
in Hrompton Cemetery, London. Later the
Oregon Legislature had his remains' removed
and interred in the River View Cemetery, by
the side of the beautiful Willamette, in the

soil of the Slate he so dearly IuvcmI and so
lionoraijly served. It is a noble triliiito to his
work ill the .Stat' .

He was married in I'Sul, to Miss Margiiret
M. Watkins. the daughter of WilHiim Watkins,
of Cardilf, Wales. She was raised in Krio
county, New Vork, and is a graduate of (Trillith
Institute, where she bi'came ac(]uaiiited with
lier husband wiiile attending tln' siinic school.
They were married in Spriiii;villi', (lovernor
(iitibs crnniiig from Oregon for tiie |)Ui'|iosc.
The next spring they returned to Oregon. They
have had seven children, three of whom are
living: William was born in Douglas county,
became a lawyer, and died in his thirty-first
year; Lizzie is the wit'o of P. I. Packard, of
Victoria, I'ritish (Columbia; ('imrlcs W. is a
wutclunaker in Portland, and Katie residi-s with
iier mother in Portland, in the home which
they had Iniilt in 1801, corner of Taylor mid
Hast Park.

(tovernor (Jibbs was a lawyer of fine ability,
a pleasant and effective speaker, and during the
whole of his political life was a very capalilc
campaign speaker, doing valuable work for his
jtarty in his State. He was a kind neighbor, a
worthy citizen and a good man. During the
four years that he guiiled the sliij) of State its
fundamental laws were |)repared and enacted,
and its institutes founded and organized, and
they bear the impress of his thought. Fortu-
nate indeed was it for the State of Oregon that
her foundations were laid by such a good and
capable man as (rovernor Giblis.

'HE N ICOLAi HIIOTHEUS COMPANY',

extensive manufacturers of lumber, doors
and sash, located in Portland, Oregon,
founded their business in their ])reseiit locality,
on Second street, in 18(58. They at first rented
temporary quarters, but the following year they

fiurchased the land, comprising a ijuarter of a
dock, on which they erected their present large
building, where they have since done a success-
ful and steadily increasing business. The
ground cost them 32,(100, and has increased in
value until it is now valued at S30,00(), show-
ing the great growth in population and the val-
uable improvements which have been made in
the city, both of which have conduced to bring
about this change. The same company hava

UlsWHY oh' oHKdON.

nUo uiiDtliur mill ami liiiiilii'r yui'(l in North

I'lll'tllllil, wilCIl" IIk'V lid lltl l'\tl'lll*ivt' Ullhilll'fH.

'i'lii'V Imvi' iilsd II mill in tiic nioniitniiis, wln-rii
llicy own two Hi'ctiiins nf jiine hin<l, and Inive
iiltn^ftiu'i' in ttioir employ ^•l'V^•nty■tivt• nn-ii.
Tlicii' inilU ai'i' tiixt'<l to tlio ntniost to snpjjly
tliu coiiHtitntly incri'using ilcnmnd, tiieir trailu
I'Xti'niiini^ tiiroMi;lioiit tlui .Nortliwi'st, wiiuri'
the Hrni \* i'avoralily known, owinj; to tliuir
I'uily t'»tiilp|ihliiiiiMit in this vicinity, ami llieir
lilicral mclhoils iinil tiioi'on>;li intcirrity in all
inii-int'^s trantiacliiMiH.

Me. A. Nf|)|)acli lias heen it intMiiliiT of the
tii'in since lSM(, anil is ii iimn of extendeii Imsi-
iiess experience and prohity of eiiariictei-,

William Nicoliii, the ellicient seeretai'y of
the (;oin|iany, and also u siihstantial 8tockiiolder
in the liiisiness, is thi' eldest son of Mr. fionis
Nieolai, the senior ineinher of the linn.

The Nieolai ISrolliers are natives of (ter-
niaiiy, and accompanied their parents from tlie
t'athurhind to Anierii^i in 1853, e.onnn^ direct
to Detroit, Miehijjan. Theodore, at that time,
was hilt three years of nj^e, while l.oiiis was
thirteen. They 'vere reared and educated in
Wayne county, near iJetroit, where they con-
tinued to reside until they euini' to the I'acitic
eoH.t in IMtiS.

Tlieir venerateii father, John H. Nieolai.
8till survives, at the advanced age of ninety-
one yearH, and enjoys the esteem of all who
know him, hceaiise of his sterlini; <iualities and
kindliness of heart. Their heloved mother
died in 1^1)7, wrcatlv lamented hy her family
and friends. She was a faithful wife and de-
voted mother, and much en<leared to her friends
on account of her intellij^'enee and amiahility,
lier every day life hein<^ a constant exemjilitica-
tioii of all Christian virtues.

Mr. Louis Nieolai, the senior meniher of the
tiiiti, is a stockholder in various husiness enter-
prises iiesides the ones which hear his name.
He is president of the Portland Cracker Com-
pany, in which he is a suhstantial stockholder.
This enterprise eiiiploys thirty-five men and is
doing a large and steadily increasing husiness.
He is also a large stockholder in a similar i)usi-
ness at S])okaiie, Washington. He is also
president and a large stockholder of the Castle
Kock Mining and ("oal Company. All of which
items go to prove his great husiness and execu-
tive ahility. eomhined with unusual energy and
a progressive disposition.

He was married in Michigan to Miss Marga-

ret Kurtx, an estitnalile lady, and h iiativt) of

New \'ork. They have four children, William
H., (ieorge 11., Amelia, and Lena.

Mr. Nieolai has erecteil a Imridsunie residence
in Kast I'ortland, in one of the most desirahlo
localities, and on a pleasing site. The grounds
ari< tastefully laid out with ornamental trees
and flowering shriihs, and the wlude |)lacu is
suggestive of comt'ort and rcliiiement.

llt^ and his brother ari< Democrats, altliough
not actively |)articipating in politics, their nu-
merous private interests ahsorhing their entire
time and attention. They are hoth Lutheran,
in which religion they were holh reared and
educated. .Mr. Louis .Nieolai is a Uoyal Arch
Mason ami a memher of the A, O. U. W.

Theodore .Nieolai, the younger lirotiier, mar-
ried .Miss Hannah Kissel, and they have four
children; Lucy. Harry, lioy, and Arthur. He
also has erected a large and cimtortahle resi-
dence in Kast I'ortland, which is surrounded
with pleasing grounds, and where all that
money can procure is ahumlantly provided for
the well-licing of his family.

These two hrothers have had a long .mil suc-
cessful business career in the metropolis, and
may be said to have grown uji with the city.
Both are yet quite yoni-.g. and have, apparently,
a brilliant prospect befort-. Their prosj)erity is
the result of i.Uelligent effort, piTsistently ap-
jilied, coinhi'iifi ■■• ith integrity of |)urposo and
ecouoinical iiieili 'Is, and they are richly de-
serving of t'r.'ir success.

[HAULKS .M. FOSTEll, a prominent res-
ident of Haker (Mty, who came to the
^ . I'acitic coast in 1859, is the subject of this
sketch. He was born in Walden.Caledonia(^ounty,
Vermont, ( )ctober 3, 1837. and is the ninth child
in a family of ten children, born to Merrill and
Sally Foster. Merrill Foster was born in the
same county and State as his son. where he en-
gaged in farming and stock-raising. In 1821
he married .Miss Sally (Tould. a native of Ver-
mont, born in 1802. Mr. Foster was one of
the leading men of his county and took great
interest in political affairs. When the liepub-
lican party was organized he identified himself
with it at the first election, when there were
but six Republican votes cast in his town, hut
at the next election he was sent to the Legis-

JUSTOUr (IF OHKlliKW.

W»

Intiii'H oil tlmt ti(;kut. lit* Kurvvd one tunii bihI
wim fdllowttil l)y lii« hod, Hurry A., wliu tilled
81'vuriil other ])(initii)!irt of lioimr iind triii*t in
tliii eoniity. Air. I''o8ter only lived to lie tit'ty-
dix 3('uri* old, dying in 185(5, luit his wife lived
until 1IS74, when A\{i was seventy-two years
ohl.

Our Huhject wh» the next to the yoiin^ent,
and only three of the family of ten eiiiidren now
survive, the two bistern heing Mrt*. I'. N. Clif-
foril 11'"' Mrs. SwHan F. Davin, hoth widows.
lie rtv-eived his education at the aeadeniiert of
Morrirtt(jwn. Johnson and lierry, tinisiiinj^ his
lust (roursu at IJorry, at the a^e of twenty-ono
years. For his life profession he chose civil
engineerini;, or surveyliiif, iitid in 1809 lie went
to CJuliforida. Until IfStiO he worked at min-
ing in that Stdte, then went to Portland, Ore-
gon, where he found employment in the Super-
intendent's otlice of Indian AlTairs, under
Edward U. (Jrey, Superintendent. Mr. Foster
renniined there one jeur, uml in the fall of ISt'd
he Went to the I'"lorence mines in Maho and re-
mained tiiere, engaj;ed in niininij, until 18i)2.
Having made considerulile money he then went
to Auliurri, liaker county, and worked in the
mines until 18()3. Ahout this time the In-
dians gave him a great deal of troiil)le and stole
a whole herd of horses that he had purchased.
In 18t)4: he was elected (lounty Clerk of Haker
county and also acted as County Superintendent
of common schools, and after serving two years
was appointed Deputy I'liited States Surveyor
and also Deputy I'nited States Marshal, lie
has also held the office of ('ounty Surveyor for
twenty years, and served as (councilman of
Haker City tor six years, hut for the last twenty-
two years he has given his entire attention to
his business of surveying and engineering. Mr.
Foster is now interested in the |)lacer iidne,
which is yielding a very good return. During
his long residence on the coast he has made and
lost money, as all miners have, hut now is in
comfortable circumstances and owns a nice little
home in the beautitul little city of Baker. He
was one of the first men to enter Haker county,
there being l)Ut six in en ahead of hirn who dis.
covered the mines. In politics he is a straight
Republican, having cast his first vote for John
0. Fremont, since which time he has voted on
that same line.

Mr. Foster was married in 1869, to Alice E.
Eriand, born in 184:9, in Pennsylvania, but she
died in 1877, at the age of twenty-six years,

lenviiiif two nliildron, Harry hikI Linn. In
188-1- Mr. Foster nnirrie<l Mish Fanny M. Moore,
born in Kentucky in 1857, and they hail one
daughtt;r, Collem.

|S6 11. III'F.LAT, one of the prominent citi-
jfWV /.ens (d' La <irande, Oregon, was born in
*^9 Ruby City, Idaho, September 19, 18ti5,
the tddest son of J. and Surah (licit) lluelat.
The mother was a daughter of Dr. Helt of Sa-
lem, u native of Kentucky, who cann^ to Oregon
at an early day. Our subject's parents went
to (California wIkmi he was very small and then
his mother came to SaliMii, Oregon. At this
time he was placed in the (tood Samaritan Hos-
pital at Portland, where he worked aii<l received
a good common school education, remaining
until he was fifteen years old, when he was
bound out to a (iernum in Linn cxmnty, >vliere
ho lived and worked on u farm until he was
twenty-one years of age.

At this time Mr. 11 uelat entered the Portland
Hnsiness (^(jUege, from which he graduated in
1887, soon after securing a position as book-
keeper with a tirm in Pendleton, where he re-
nniined three months, when he went into an
express otHce for a short time, after which he
secured a position at Adams, llniutilla county,
as bookkeeper in a general merchandise store.
He proved hiinself so reliable that soon he was
given sole chaige of the business, and wi:"n the
business was sold out to a Mr. Marston and the
store was removed to Pendleton, our snly'ect
was continued in the employ of the new firm.
Here it was called the Chicago Store, and later
our subject was takei' in as a partner, when a
part of the rtock was taken to La (iraiide. On
March 30, 1891, this store was burned, but was
insured for more than enough to pay all claims
after the tire. He succeeded in buying out the
interest of Mr, Marston and took in as partner
D. II. Starbird, Mr. Ilnelai ,till acting as man-
ager. They continued in business this way
until February. 1892, when they incorporated
a joint company, with G. W. Webb as president;
W. T. Slater as treasurer; A. H. lluelat as sec-
retary and manager, and D. II. Starbird as one
director. The company now consists of Welib,
Slater, lluelat and Starbird, under Mr. Huelat's
management and coi.trol the business has
grown to be one of the lagest dry goods inter-

800

HISTORY Oh- OliKGOiW

ests ill eastern (Jregoii, eaiTyiiig u stock of
8(!0,()()0 and doing a l)usinus8 of ^100,000.
Tliuy carry a full line of dry goods;, ciothini;,
gents' fiiriiisiiini^s, boots ami sluws.

Mr. lluelat was married in 1888, Deceinlier
25, to Miss Rose B. Huston. dauf,'litor of Wal-
terlluston, of Linn county, born in 1805.

Although Mr. lluelat was thrown on the
world when a small boy and left to the mercy
of the charitable, ho ha.s worked iiis way un-
aided, until he is now regarded as one of the
best business men of this part of the State and
is a true ty]»e of u selt-made man. Politically,
he is a Ueinocrat, and is a member of the K.
of P. Mr. and Mrs. lluelat have two sons, of
whom they are justly primd.

ll^MOS N. KING, a widely p-d favorably
}lE^ kiu^wn Oregon pioneer of 184:5, and a
*|^j,!osperous citizen of Portland, was born in
Franklin county, Ohio, April 30, 1822. His
father, Natlian King, married Saraii Norton, of
New York, and tliey had ten children, six
daughters aiul four sons, live children still sur-
viving.

The subject of our sketch was the si.\th child
and was reared on his father's farm, lie at-
tended the public schools and learned the tan-
ner's trade. In 18-10 he moved t(j Missouri,
where he was engaged in running a ferry across
the Missouri river, when a great flood destroyed
his property. In 18i5 he accompanied his par-
ents, three brothers anil tive sisters, who joined
a company of 100 wagons, and started across
the plaii;s for Oregon. They started early in
Vay ami ;net with many trials and misfortunes
on the way. A brother and his wife died of
mountain fever and they were sorrowfully bur-
ied l)y the way.-ido. The distressing exper-
iences of that long journey have never been
effaced from their memory, and probably no
amount of money could imluce them to repeat
it. However, their experience was that of
thousanils and it was thus the West was settled
and develope<l, only three-quarters reaching
their destination of all tho.se who started on the
long journey.

On arriving at the Dalles Mr. King and his
brothers const ructe<i a raft of pine logs, which
were hauled from tiie hills by the, now nearly
worn out, oxen. This raft was made large

enough to sustain teu wagons and about ten
persons. It was the montli of December be-
fore they reached their destination, and they
suffered from the winter storms.

The tirst winter was spent at Forest Grove,
and the fcdlowing summer the family went up
to a beautiful valley, where the father and broth-
ers took up claims and m.ido comfortable homes
for themselves and families, the valley having
since gone by the name of King's valley. There
the father lived and prospered until his death, in
1881. lie was a man of intelligence and great
activity, thoroughly upright in all his dealings,
and extremely kind-hearted. These (jualities
made him very popular with his ueigbLjors and
his death was universally lamented.

Mr. King, the subject of this notice, I'jok up
his donation claim a few miles below Corvallia,
on the Willamette river. Afterward, perceiv-
ing that there were prospects ot a city being
built at Portland, he sold his right, and in the
spring of IS-tU, came to Portland, where he pur-
chased a squatter's right to the tine property
then on the v.'est side of the town site. This
valuable property was obtained lor a nominal
sum, and contained 500acre8,and the city of Port-
land had just started. Here Mr. King engaged
in the tanning business, which he followed suc-
cessfully for eleven years, the city in tlie mean-
time gradually growing, and his property stead-
ily advancing in value. In I85ti lie built his
present fine residence, which was at that time
the best house in the city, the shingles still doing
good service, which were put on thirty-live years
ago.

When the city had extended to his property,
he platted it and sold forty acres of it to the city
for a park, receiving the handsome price of $800
an acre, and since then has been worth very
much more.

Of late years he has turned his attention to
building, and bus erected a large number of
houses. IJesides thishewasoiieof the builders and
stockholders of the Multinomali Street railway,
which was at tirst a horse-car line, and is now
an electric line, the cars of which glide swiftly
through ills property, carrying hundreds of peo-
ple to and from their elegant homes in that
i'eautiful part of the city. Besides his city prop-
erty, Mr. King owns several thousand acres of
choice agricultural lands in this State, some of
which he is utilizing in tlie breeding of horses
and cattle.

The transformation has, indeed, been great in

aitirouY OF oHEOoy.

391

tile city Kiid its BuiToiiiulings since the time
vvlieii it tirst greeted tlie view of tlie now iigeil
pioneer. It was tlien scarcely reclajineel from
tlie rule of tlie aborigines. Indeed, the lonely
forests and beuutifid and wild streams were only
distiirhed by the note of some forest bird, or
the streams riitHed by the ripple of some In-
dian's canoe and the dip of his paddle. Now
magniliceiit steamers plow tiiose waters, bear-
ing on their decks liiindreds of people, while
noisy mamil'actories destroy the silence of the
otherwise peaceful surroundings. A proud city,
the metropolis of a magiiiticeut State, has grown
up in the midst, great in commerce, education,
science and i rts, second in size, perhaps, to a
few older municipalities, but in siibstaiitiul
growth and civilization proudly elialleiiging the
;,om|ietitioti of the world.

Ill 1S4:() Mr. King was married to Miss Ma-
Hilda Fuller, an estimable lady, and a native of
Ohio. They have had six diildren, four now
living. In 1887 the family were called upon
to part from the devoted wife and mother, who
fur forty-one years liati thouglit of nothing but
their welfare. She was a woman of rare sensi-
bility, and her life was the practical e.xpression
of tiie noblest Christian virtues, to which she
gave the added charm of a naturally loving heart.

The eldest son, N. A. King, is a wealthy
rancher it' Lake county, where he owns 5,000
acres of clioice land, on which he is raising
horses. One of the daughters, now Mrs. Nan
tillrt A. Jeffrey, resides in a handsome residence
near her father. T!ie other daughter is now
Mrs. A. iumsden, also a wealtiiy resident of
Portland.

The younger son, Edward A.. King, who lives
with his father and assumes lull charge of cheir
extensive real estate and linancial atl'airs, > "as
born in Portland, March 30, 18G1, and was
reared and educated in his native city, lie mar-
ried Miss AniiH Brewer, in 1880, a liighly es-
teemed lady and a native of Micliigan. They
have two eliildren, both born in the metropolis,
William A. and Lulu L. Mr Kdward King has
for several years been the efficient treasurer of
the Multnomah Street ''ailway. He is now clerk
of the Hoard of Bridge (^omniissioners, to which
otHce he was appointed by the Circuit Clourt
Judge. He is a good specimen oitiie young busi-
ness men produced by tliis great State, which
grows nothing small nor insignilicant.

He belongs to the 1. O. O. I'", and also to the

Knights of Pythias. He and his father are
Democratic in politics.

Thus is given the most important facts of the
life of one of t)regon'8 most eminent pioneers,
who unaided has acquired wealth and promi-
nence, all of which has been accomplished by
the most iionorable methods and with the full
approval of his fellow-men.

"^■%

ri:y

:>>-^3^'

^'OllN A. TllAVEK, a jirosjierous and
afil '''8'''y '^''teemed business man of Oregon
"S]^ City, and an honored veteran of the great
civil war, was born in Williams county, Ohio,
October 22, 1843. His father, Hiram Thayer,
was born in New Vork State, in 1812. He was
a farmer, and moved in later years to Illinois,
thence to Wisconsin, aiid still later lo Michigan,
lorating on a farm in Grand Traverse county,
of the hitter State, on which he resided uiiti'
liis death, which occurred in 18lj5. He was a'
man of unswerving integrity and great industry
and was uniformly kind, thus gaining the es-
teem of all who knew him, who sincerely la-
mented his death. The faithful wife and de-
voted mother still survive and resides in Michi-
gan, being now in her eigUty-tirst year. She is
a woman of sterling (pialities of mind and heart,
and greatly beloved by tlicse who know her.
This worthy cou[)le had seven children, all liv-
ing l)ut one.

Their son, the subject of our sketch, was
raised on his father's farm, attending school in
winter, and working hard in the summer. This
continued until the call for volunteers in 18(32,
to put down the slaveholders" rebellion, when
he enlisted, in September, 1862, with the boys
in blue, in (/ompany A, Twenty-sixth Michigan
Volunteers Infantry. This regiment acquired
a good, record in the service, losing in battles
and by sickness one-quarter of their number.
Mr. lliayer participated with them in twenty-
nine hard-fought battles, in most of which they
were victorious, the following being a list of the
engagements; Suffolk, Virginia; Windsor, Vir-
ginia; (yorbiii's Hridge; York iiiver; Po River,
Vii'ginia; Spottsylvania. Virginia; North Anna;
Tolopotomy, Virginia; Cold Harbor; Peters-
burg; Weldoii Railroad; Deep P)ottom ; Straw-
berry J'lains; White Oak Swain|); River Sta-
tion; Peebles l''arm; Hatcher's Run; Roydton
Road; White Oak Road; Sutherland's Station;

fflii

aoa

UlsroitY OF OHKOON.

Amelia Springs; Deatonsville; Sailor's Creek;
llii^h liridf^i-; Furmerville; Apjioiiiattox Court
House; Siege of I'etursliurj;. Tlie war then
ended, and his regiiTieiit nartieipated in the
grand review of the victorious I'nion Artny
Before they hft Michigan tliey were presented
with a beautiful tlag, wliich they carried
triumphantly tliroua;h all tiie war. It lieciinie
very much tattered iiy shot and shell, hut it
waved over tiic men at the review, and they
brought it home with them, and it now rests in
the archives of the Government at the State
capital.

In front of this regiment, at the l)attle of
Spottsylvania, stood a tree, the trunk of which
was twenty-one inches in diameter. So terrific
was the tire at this point, that the tree was stripped
of its foliage, and was actually cut down hy
minie balls, a portion of it falling on the men,
and injuring several of them. This seems like
an exaggeration, but it is fully authenticated
by men who saw it, and the circumstance has
passed into the " History of Michigan in the
War."

After receiving an honorable discharge, Mr.
Thayer returned to his home in Michigan, where
he engaged in farming, wliich lie continued un-
til 1873. lie then came to Oregon (Jity, locat-
ing on a half section of land four miles east of
the city, '"bich he industriously cultivated, and
on "•' ' "I; I. "'lade valuable improvements, in
I" '.■■,■ . r r' '(ing substantial farm buildings,
b ';o Miortrtbl ,' residence and good barns for his
grain ■ ; otock, besides other improvements,
all tenoing tofacilitnte the producing and hand-
ling of farm products. This is tiow one of the
ehoicests farms in the country.

Of late years he has been engaged in buying
and selling real estate, now being a member of
the firm of Thayer iVs Alden, who are doing a
large real-eslate and insurance business, repre-
senting several of the best companies in all the
branches of insurance. Their specialty in real
estate is farm propert}', but they also handle
town proi)erty. Ihoy are very successful in
their business, and are probably as well informed
on land values as any j)erson in the Northwest.

In 1877 Mr. Thayer was married to Nfiss
Lucinda K. Mcfarland, a highly esteemed lady,
and a native of Illinois. They have two chil-
dren, both born in Oregon, namely: Mabel and
liJuel, who are intelligent and active, and bid
fair to reflect great credit on the noble State
of their nativity.

Mr. Thayer is a Ilepnblioan in politics, and :t
worthy member of Meade Post. No. 2, (4. A. li.

He and his worthy wife are consistent mem-
bers of the I'aptist Church, to which they render
much valued assistance.

Thus is briefly given the few most important
facts of a complete and busy life, ;nany days of
which was most worthily spent in the cause of
suffering humanity and freedom, and whosii
influence has always been throwi in the scale of
right and the uplifting of his fellow-men.

fOSEIMI miCHTEL.one of the very worthy
pioneers of Oregon, was born in Stark
county, Ohio, in Uniontown, November 22,
1880. Mis father, Michael JJnchtel, was a na-
tive of the same county and of German ances-
try who settled in Berks county, Pennsylvania,
in the early day of that section. His father
married Miss Mary Harvey, the daughter of
Job Harvey, a native of Pennsylvania and of
English ancestry. Of their four children only
two are now living. Mr. Biiciitel and a brother.
The father died in 1841, leaving a wife and
three children. Upon ilr. Buchtel, the suliject
of this sketch, devolved the care of his niothcr
and the other children, and inost faithfully did
he endeavor to perform the sacred trust. Pre-
viousto his father's death the family had removed
to IJrbana, Champaign county. Illinois, and for
two years, up to the time of his death, the
father was engaged in the manufacture of
shingles.

As he grew up young Buchtel flrst worked
for four years at tiie tailor's trade, but it was
not congenial to him, and he was employed
some in farming, clerking in a store, anil later
held the oflice of Deputy Sheri"' of Chuinpaign
county; and while acting in that capacity he
had frequent occasion to meet both .Vbi'aham
Lincoln and Stei>hen A. Douglas, as Urbana,
his town, was at difl'erent times in their circuit.

On April 2;3, 1852, Mr. Buchtel started upon
the long and perilous journey across the plains
and mountains to Oregon, in the compaisy i'
Mr. I. Iv. .Moores, who was ai,orwa;r ;• xiost
worthy pioneer of this State. Mr. inichtel'-:,
part in the journey was to drive oi o of llumc
large o.\ teams employed in hauling a heavily
loaded emigrant wagon. The journey lasted
six months and was full of incident. They

lUtiTOUY OF OliEOON.

were harassed liy tim Iiulians, atid near tlic end.
of the trip were short of provisions. Wlien
they reaciiiid Fort Boise, Colonel Moore* called
for volunteers to go ahead and save eatahies,
and Mr. liuelitel, with si.\ otliers, took a small
amoimt of food and canie on in advance of the
Company. Two days before they readied the
Diiiles they were entirely without food, were
worn out and almost starved to death. Three of
the men, inclndini; Mr. Hnchtel, reached the
Dalles Septemlier 3. Four of the number had
given out, heeoming niuihle to keep up. Mr.
Bnclitel had given every cent of his money and
tlie ifreater portion of his food to his comrade,
Nate Therman, who was sick and unable to
proceed; later he recovered and came on
through. Mr. I'uchtel completed the journey
in !' destitute condition, reaching Portland in
September, 1852, weak from hunger and fatigue
and destitute of funds with which to buy bread.
Oiu! of the |)arty had saved 82, and with that
they subsisted until Mr. Buchtel succeeded in
getting work.

He met a man on horseback, to whom he ap-
pealed for work. It proved to be Colonel
Backenstos. After some |)ersuasion of an ur-
gent nature the Colonel permitted him to cut a
patch of oats with a scythe. The oats were
heavy and lodged, but Mr. Buchtel, weak and
unable to labor as he was, succeeded in getting
the oats down and raked up in five days; and,
notwithstanding the work was not worth it,
the Colonel ma<le him take §25, which relieved
his need and for which he w.is ever afterward
sincerely gratef\il. Later he had the pleasure
of substantially aiding the family of hii bene-
fact(U'.

Next he cut wood and loaded vessels with
lumber, and still later obtained a position on a
boat, the Shoalwatcr, lie worked five winters on
the Willamette river, but followed the dacnerreo-
type business during the intervening summer
seasims. For this he ha<l purchased an outfit in
1853, started the business in the (Canton house,
and he afterward followed it in Portland for
thirty-five years. In all the great improvements
made in the photographic art since that time
Mr. Buchtel was the ])ioneer artist in Portland.
He is a man of great physical ability and of
equally great pn^sence of mind, and was thus
capable, in many cases of eniergenoy, of rescu-
ing persons from iinmiiKHit danger and death,
and his services in this direction have been very
valuable to his fellow-men. For many years,

also, he has been an expert base- ball player, aa
pitcher, and was captain of the pioneer club for
twenty years. He was also the champion ' )ot
racer, taking many prizes, and was barred for
years on account of his championship In 18(55
he was elected chief engineer of the tire depart-
ment, and was re-elected in 18(50.

lie is a Royal Arch Mason and a member of
the I. C. O. F., of the latter he was representa-
tive to the Grand Lodge, held at Atlanta, Geor-
gia, in 1874; and the same year he represented
the fire department at St. Louis, Missouri, as
chief engineer.

His early education in political matters was
in favor of the Democratic party, but when the
great civil war broke out he was one of the first
ones to break ranks and join the party for the
Union, anil he has since been a faithful adherent
of the Republican party, taking an active part
in the public affairs of the city and State. Dur-
ing the movement made for the consolidation of
the city betook a leading part, being iiistru
mental with others in accomplishing the union.
For his |)art he is entitled to much credit.
After the consolidation he helped to nominate
and elect an independent ticket of city ofiicers,
in order to break up rings and secure a pure ad-
ministration, and the result has been good. He
was also a prominent leader in the movement
for free bridges across the Willamette.

In 1888 he sold his art gallery and engaged
in the real-estate business, in partnership with
Mr. Ball, the firm being Buchtel & Ball, and
they have invested in several tracts of land
which tlioy are improving on their own account.
They have platted and placed on the market
several valuable tracts for others, making con-
siderable money for their customers, as well as
satisfying themselves. In this business Mr.
Buchtel is still engageil. In every particular
he is a reliable dealer.

Mr. Buchtel was elected Sheriff of Mult-
nomah county, Oregon, June, 1882, and served
in that capacity for two years.

Time has dealt gently with him, and while
he is in his sixty-second year he looks ytmiig
for fifty, having a splendid constitution and
preserving temperate habits; and he has there-
fore a promise of long life ahead of him.

He was married in 1855, to Miss Josephine
Latoiirette. a native of Michigan and a descend-
ant of one of the Fnuich families who early set-
tled in America. They have had seven children,
namely: Albert, who died at the age of twenty-

394

HISTORY OF OREaON.

tliree; Joe, who dieil at tlio mcto ot' seven j'eai's;
Frank, Archie, Fred; Lillie, who is the wife of
Norwood L. Curry, eon of tiie late (lovernor
(■reorge i^. (hirr}'; and addie who married W. G.
Kerns of the Dalles. 'I'he two sons are reiialile
young business men, and the ^'-ut'tfest isattend-
ing school.

'UOMAS W. SUl.LIVAN does not, like
Ajax, defy the lightning, but rather con-
trols it, in his position as chief enginter
ami drauijhtsnian of the Portland General
Klectric Gonipany, designinj^ and construct-
iiij; the plants as he does for developing the
great power of tiie Willamette falls at Oregon
City, G egon, by means of which the electric
current generates after being transmitted on
aerial wires a distance of tiiirtecii miles to
Portland, makes resplendent with electric light
the i)eautiful metropolis of Oregon, as well as
supplying her varied industries with economical
power.

He is a native of Ireland, and was born in
Tralee, Kerry county, January 1, 1802. His
parents were Florance and Elizabeth (Talbot)
Sullivan, who came to the Unitiid States, in
1S()3, when the subject of this sketch was one
year and four months of age. They resided
in New ^'(jrkcity a year, when they removed to
Rome, Oneida county, where their son was reared
and educated. He then went to Oswego, Os-
wego county, where he began to learn the trade
of a machinist. It was while in this city thitt
his attention was turned to mechanical draught-
ing, for which he discovered he had a special
talent. While engaged in this work and just
previous to attaining his majority, he was
placed in charge of tiie draughting department
of the Home, Watertown and Ogdeiisbnrg Hail-
way Syi^tem, which important position lie re-
tained for two years, when he was transferred
to the civil engineering department fif the same
(•■mi [)any, servi!ig as assistant engineer for three
years.

He then took charge of public work on his
own account, which resulted in his i-oming to
Oregon, where he arrived March 27, 1889, in
the interest of the Willamette Pnlj) and Paper
(Jomjiany, for the purpose of planning and su-
perintending the construction of their large

•works at Oregon (Mty. After com|)leting their
mills, he accepted the position of coiistriicting
engineer for the Willamette Transportation and
Locks Company, ami when this company was
merged into the Willamette Falls Electric Com-

Eany, and afterward into the Portlanil General
llectric Company, he continued in the same posi-
tion. This new company lias ?!5,(K)0,UO() capi-
tal, and is destined to liecomeone of the greatest
enterprises in the country.

Immediately on locating in Oregon City, Mr.
Sullivan began to take an active interest in all
tlie affairs of the city, and was one of the organ-
izers of the (Catholic Knights of America,
Branch No. 647. At the time of its incorpora-
tion, he was elected its President, which position
he has e^'l.nently tilled. He also became a mem-
ber of the Hoard of Trade, and by this means id
lending his aid to the improvement and devel-
opment; of the city.

He was married in Oswego, Now York, in
18S5, to Miss ^I. Jennie Wafter, an estimable
lady, and a native of that State. They have
three children: Florance F., George H and Sa-
die M.

Mr. Sullivan is a Hepulilican in politics, and
in the spring of 1891 was elected Mayor of
Oregon City, in which capacity he is now serv-
ing. Intelligent, progressive, independent and
liberal he works for thi; iiest interests of the
municipality which has honored liim with its
leadership.

He is a worthy meinl)er of St. John's (Cath-
olic (Church, which was the first house of wor-
ship ever erected in Oregon, and was formerly
the Cathedral of this denomination. It is of
peculiar int(^rest to ])ioneers heciiuse a greatly
beloved and revered member of that society,
Dr. John Mcliaughlin is buried near it. lie
was one of the earliest settlers of the Northwest,
and is widely known throughout the country
as a truly philanthropic and kind-hearted man,
his deeds of kinrlness being deeply impressed on
many loving hearts.

Mr. Sullivan is a young man, much younger
than his reputation and ability would load one
to suspect, which is due to natural precocious-
ness and the necessity in early life of exercising
his ability and energy. He has many years of
u^efulness before him, which, judging from the
past, will leave nothing to he desired in the
power of Dame Fortune to bestow.

*". jfvii^;-^, fc(« (ijh'-jia^

(^ i2^!\J^f^c/.

HISTOUr OF OltKUOS.

;ii»r.

: 1 IJ. I A M S A U G K N T LA DD, tlie
|)ioiieer, tlie [jroininenf liiiiikcr, the
libtTiil luid enterprit^iiij; citizen, and tlie
Clu'iflian pliiiiiiifliropist, wiiose lite financially
was euinniensurate with tlie ijrowtli of the great
eoininiinwealtli, of which he was an honored
and illustrious citizen, was born in the town of
Holland, Vermont, October 10, 1826. His
father, Nathaniel (ioiild Ladd, a physician, whs
a descendant of a family who came to America
in 1033. He married Miss Abigail Kelley
Meail. a native of New Hampshire. They
moved to the villaije of Meredith, in New
Hampshire, in 1830. and in 1833 to Sanborn-
ton I'ridge, now known as Tiltoii. Religionsly
they were Afethodists.

Up to his fifteenth year young Ladd was sent
to sclioni, and then began in earnest to apply him-
self to manual labor ae a farm hand on a neigh-
bor's lanil. Later his father bought for him
tifteen acres of land, niugh, rocky and wooded,
which our subject cleaieil and brought under
cultivation. When nineteen years of age he
taught adistrict school, which had had the reputa-
tion of being the roughest in the region, battles
between teacher and pupils having been fre-
quent. However, xMr. Ladd was successful in
bubdning the refractory pupils at the first en-
counter, and establishing order, and kept his
pupils interested by introducing <juick methods
anil practical suggestions, and so succeeded in
securing the respect of all.

About the time of the closing of the school,
the Hoston, Concord & Montreal railway was
running its line past Sanbornton Hridge, where
lie was then residing, and he obtained a position
in the freight house there. He continued in
this and other work connected with railroading
until February 27, 1851, when he started in the
steamer Prometheus from Now York for
Ohagres, on the Lsthnuis of Panama. He finally
landed at San Francisco, whence he immediately
came to Oregon, settling in Portland. Here he
at first carried on a small business, selling out
a few iirticles which he had brought with him.
At one time his affairs had reached so low an
ebb that he was glad to save payment of a $6
road tax by digging out and burning two great
stumps which stood in the street in front of
where the Esmond Hotel now stands.

About this time W. D. Gookin, a friend of
Mr. Ladd's father, in New Hampshire, arrived
in Portland with a cargo of goods. This stock

Mr. Ladd sold out, and cleared by the traiisac-
tian .$1,000, which sum he invested in arti<des
of ready sale, and from that time was enabled to
prosecute his mercantile operations with more
caj)ital. By 1852 he was conducting and iiide-
jiendent bnsiiie.-s, and was to some extent
interested with Mr. (iookin, in a successful
business venture, which the latter had made in
San Francisco. At this time his business
habits were most exemplary. He was jiromptly
at his place, often being on hand as early as
four o'clock in the morning, in summer, to help
off his customers with their wagon loads in the
cool of the day. He avoided saloons, spent his
nights in sleep, and made it a point to (jbserve
the Sabbath by attendance on public worship;
and ill his business transactions he was cool,
prompt and ca])able.

In 1S52 Messrs. Ladd and Tilton entered into
partnershij) and continued in the mercantile
business until the spring of 1855, when the
former purchased the interest of the latter in
the firm, and Mr. Tiltoii returned to New
Hamj)sliire. Three years later Mr. Tilton came
again to Portland and became associated with
Mr. Ladd, forming the banking house of Ladd
& Tilton, which was opened for business in
April, 1859. Ever oince then the bank has
steadily grown, and has transacted a large
amount of the money business of the State.
The capital was small at the start, but in 1861
it was increased to $150,000, and not many
years eiapsed before it was brought up to a
round million. When the partnership was dis-
solved in 1880, bills receivable amounted to
upward of $2,500,000; and so select and sound
had been the conduct of this business that when
the bank made its statement, in 1888, there
were less than §1,300 of this large sum out-
standing.

At first the store and the bank occupied his
close attention, and were the means of making
his fortune. At length he engaged in a num-
ber of other business enterprises of im|iortance.
He was active in developing the tgricultural
resources of the State, having had three farms
of his own and five in partnership with S. G.
Reed, lie was lavish of his means in this par-
ticular, and did much toward the advancement
of the State by introducing improved methods
and breeding fine stock. He also became largely
interested in milling, and at the time of his
death he controlled about three-fourths of the
entire flouring-mill interests of the Nortnwest.

U»(i

insToiCr OH" oheoon.

lie \vft» also itli'iititit'cl with wliat is now tlie
Oivcron Iriu\ imd Stuci ("miipiuiy at Oswcjin,
and was a K'adiiiff stockiioiiicr of tlic Oregon
Railway and N'aviiration Company. I'msides
these interests he was one of the largest property
holders in Portland and vieinity, his possessions
coinprisi.ig many acres in valuable city hmd,
and a large mini her of business and r«'sidence
buildings. lie had the honor of erecting tlie
first brick building in the city. His interest in
school matters and ])nbli(' education extended
over a long time and was continuous, lie having
been ainoiigUhe lirst to serve as School Director.
lie was a friend of churclies and jiubiic eiiari-
ties, to which his gifts were muniticent. lie
enilowed the cliairs of Practical Theology in the
Presbyterian Theological Seminary at San Fran-
cisco in 188(i, witii §50.000, and gave several
scholarships to the Willamette University.
Tlirongiiout a wide extent of country few
chiirciu'S were built without aid from bim. The
Library Association of Portland always felt his
fostering care. For twenty years it has occu-
pied the second floor of his bank bnildiiii;. on
the corner of First and Stark streets, free of
charge. It was Mr. Ladd's custom from the
first to set aside one-tenth of his net income for
charitable and philanthropic jnirposes, jilacing
it as a gift apart from other funds. It is said
that an appeal for siiil'erers, if worthy, was never
refused fiy him, nor by any member of his
family; and in fact he was the iiuiniiicent leader
of subscription lists for all worthy objects and
public enterprises.

During the last war Mr. Ladd was a "War
Democrat," since which time he exercised the
right of voting his own ticket, altliough in
national matters he voted of late years with the
Rt-'dnblicans. He, at one time, held the office
of Mayor of his city, but jiersit-tently refused
uominations tendered him, and declined to en-
ter the arena of political strife, so distasteful to
him. While he was easily the master of his
place, he was nevertheless a friend and favorite
with his workingmen and emjiloyes. lie be-
lieved in liberality toward all who worked, and
also that their rights and liberties should be re-
spected and denounced the ini(|uity of combina-
tions of capital which sought to deprive trade
or labor of its freeilom. These qualities placed
him nearer to the hearts of the people than
most men of wealth, and he sutfered as little
from envy as any rich man in the nation.

Such is but a brief outline of the history of

a man whose active and enterprising spirit,
sound business sairacity, oiien-banded liln'rality
and pronounced (Christian character contributed
largely to moid the character of a growing city,
and to lay deep and broad the commercial honor,
political virtue and sound principleo of our
young commonwealth.

In 1854 Mr. I-add was married to Miss Caro-
line A. Elliott, a native of New Hampshire, a
lady with whom he had been acquainted since
their school days. To her lie ascribed a great
portion of his success, saying, " 1 owe every-
thing to her, as she has been to me most em-
phatically a helpmate in the best and highest
sense, a noiile wife, a saintly mother to our
children, always patient, thoughtful and conr-
aceons, she cheerfully assumed her part of what-
ever load I have had to carry. We both started
together at bedrock, and from then until now
we have taken every step in harmony."

Their eldest son, Williaii! M Ladd, for
several years etficiently aided his father in the
tnanagenient of his largely increased Inisiness.
He is an alumnus of Amherst ('ollegf, and,
since the retirement of Mr. Tiltori, had been a
partner in the bank. The second son, Charles
Elliott, is at the head of the large lloiiring busi-
ness, which his father in a large part created,
anti controlled. The eldest daughter is the wife
of Henry J. Corbett, a son of Senator Henry W.
Corbett. The second daughter is the wife of
Charles Pratt, of Brooklyn, New York, who has
large interests in the Standard Oil Company.

Subjoined is a copy of the resolutions passed
by the I'ioneer Association on the death of Mr.
Ladd, which evidence the affectionate regard in
which lie was held by his contemporaries:

"At a special meeting of the Oregon Pioneer
Association yesterda ymorning the following,
which was presented by a committee, consisting
of Frank Dekuin, 11. K. Ilines, T. A. Wood,
J. C. Carson and James H. McMillen, was
adopted :

"WILLIAM SAKOKNT LADI).

" In MevKiriam.

" The Oregon I'ioneer Society is met to-day in
special session for the discharge of a duty so
tender and touching to the hearts of its mem
hers that words are inadequate to the suitable
e.x|)ression of their emotions. So rapidly and
ruthlessly, for the last few months, has death
been claiming the most venerable and the most

niHroRY I IF DllBdON.

•A)-,

illiii^ri'ioiis of thoHO who l>oi"e with ii8 the hur-
i\v.\\i 1111(1 8triiggh;s of the roiil jjioneer epocli of
Orci^oii, that our rapidly (liiniiiishing niiinliorrt
ailiiiniiish us that the last of the uohle cDiniiuti-
ionship that reclaimed the Territory of our now
jrreat and splendid State from the unhistoried
liarharism of its shadowed aj^es will soon lie be-
neath the soil of that State, whose very existence
is the moiuiiiient of their manly prowess and
their iutelliijeiit statesmanship. While it is
always nobly fitting that the builder should rest
at the base of the temple lie built, and the states-
man should find his nionuineut in the institu-
tions and prosperity of the State, his genius
formed and his ])atriotisin endowed, still to those
who remain among the wearied toilers there is
an inexpressible pathos in bearing their coiii-
puuions in a foretime toil to their last restinu;-
place and biihiing them adieu. We linger over
their memory with brotherly affection and dread
to say the word that recognizes their final de-
parture from us.

" This society of pioneers of Oregon never was
called, and never can be called hereafter, to a
sorer bereavement than that which has fallen
upon our hearts at this time. William Sargent
Ladcl, a beloved member of our society, and its
honored and revered president, passed away from
earth at his home in this city, on the Oth day
of January, 1893, at the age of sixty-six years.

lie was a pioneer of 1851, coming to this
place when but twenty-five years of age. No
more active and powerful and resourceful per-
sonality ever entered Oregon than was this pio
neer. No individual character ever more fully
apprehended and embodied the genious and
possibilities of the Oregon that was to be than
did he. None ever did more than he to enshrine
that genius and mold those iiossibilities into
actual, social, intellectual, material and even
personal creations. He was great in the greatest
forms of organizing and controlling force, and
ill this he was, perpaps, the best representative
of the true pioneer spirit that has appeared
among us. As such the society speaks of him
and of his work with ns and for ns. and with
and for the State whose prosperity and great-
ness we all have lived, witii gratitiule and rever-
ence. Because this spirit was in him, and in
such abounding measure, he rose in Oregon
from empty-handed toil to abounding wealth,
maintaining unto the close of his life among us
the simple, unostentatious, kindly, yet brave and
vs

eniluring spirit of the pioneer, through his
gieat far reaching and historic life.

"This society of the pioneers of Oregon ex-
presses to-day, by the adoption of this brief
tribute to the memory of our beloved and re-
vered president, our tender apjireciation of hiin
personally, and our large and grateful estimate
of his services us one of our member, and
especially in his oftice as onr |)resiclent at the
time of his death. The tenderness and con-
sideration with which he always greated the
pioneers, which grew more and more noticeable
as their number diminisheil, and the generosity
with which he was always ready to respond to
the needs and purpuses of this society, can never
be forgotten by ns.

"On this day of his burial we join our fellow-
citizens of Portland and of all the State in their
expressions of appreciation of him as a man and
a citizen of high character and abounding ])iitrio-
tism. We also unite with the great church of
which he had been so long an honored member
in its lofty estimate of the place he filled and
the work ho di<l as such. Most of all, we ex-
tend to his family a sympathy too deep and too
tender to be phrased in words on this occasion
of their un8i)eakablo bereavement. With the
exception of that from the hearts of his own
home, there will be, there can be, no greener or
more fragrant wreath woven round the memory
of William Sargent Ladd on this day of his
burial than that which is offered by the trem-
bling hands of those who. with him, were the
pioneers of Oregon. We therefore resolve,

^^First. That a copy of this paper, suitably en-
grossed and attested, be presented by the secre-
tary of this society to the family of Mr. Ladd.

^'■Second, That the same be spread upon the
records of the society and published in our an-
nual report."

f(^lIN M. BKECK, one of the pioneer mer-
chants of Portland, who has been identified
with the city since 1851, was born in the
city of Philadelphia, April 9, 1828. llis father,
George Brock, was a native of Boston, although
the family came from England in lt]34 and set-
tled at Dorchester, Massachusetts. They be-
came men of prominence in the county and
several of them participated in the Revolu-
tionary war. The grandfather of our subject,

;iOs

lirsTORY OF UllKaON.

SiimiiuU Willi It I'oston iiierclmiit, iiiid wluni IiIk
hoii was lioni lu! WHS .--till in \\n; iMisiness, hut
liitiT iiiovL'd to a fm-iii and eomitry seat on the
Delaware. The hitter part of his lifu was s])ent
in retirunient. His m><\ married Oatiierine
Isr.iell, of .Jamaica, where her father was an Kng-
lish ])hinter. Tliey had a family of foiirti-en chil-
ih'eii, of wJKun twelve wen* raised to maturity.
Moth the parents died in tiie Katit. They were
Kpiseo])alians and j;oi)d, worthy people.

.loiin was cdncated in liis native State until
ids sixteenth year, when he went to Wisconsin,
where lie took a conrse in a school i>resi(led
over hy Hev. IJoyd lireek. LL. !>., of the Hpis-
C(>])al C!hnrch. lie continued to reside in Wis-
•cinsin after he Knislied his course, part of the
time lis fanner, and then came to <)reMron and
en^aijed in the incrchandise husinesa in I'ort-
laml. in 1851. Allen it Lewis, H. W. Corhett,
if. Fiiilinfj; & Co., and G. W. Vauf;iin were
prominent merchants there at that time, and
there were several others, hut the mercantile
hnsiness was still in its infancy. The same
season that .Mr. lireck arrived in ()i-egon
hronirht Henry \V. Corhett and they traveled
))art of the way toijether. Mr. Hreck estiih
lislied his store and sold general merchandise,
hoth at retail ami wholesale, and he continued
the hnsiness until LSfiO, then sold out and ac-
cepted the position of purser on the Pacific
mail steamship Northerner. On her second
voyage she struck a shar]) rock and tore off some
of her jilanking. They were fifteen miles from
Humboldt landing. They started the pumps
and thoui;ht to make it, lint a little later they
found thiit she was tilling rapidly. They turned
towanl shore at the fastest speed she was capa-
ble of making, bnt she struck ahout COO feet
ficHu shore. It was calm, just a little before
dark. The boats were lowered and the women
and children were sent to the shore, but a sharp
frale springini: up it was impossible to return
for any of the otliers, so the engineer managed
to run 11 I'ope from the ship to tlie shore, and
orders were given for the passengers to swim
along to shore holding to this rope. It was
about twelve o'clock when Mr. Breck received
permission to go, and wher. he reached shore
lu; found tliaf he and a <Jhinaman were tfie only
outs wlio had made the passage by the rope.
Thirty-four of tlie |>as6engers and crew were
lost. Mr. Breck was cured of a desire to go to
seaatter this. Mr. Aspinwall, president of the
steamship line, was liis brother-in-law. and he

ap|)ointed him agent of the company at I'ort-
lanil. He continued until they sold to Ilididay
and Flint, and Mr. Ih-eck continued with the
new company for a time. Afterward he en-
gaged in the mercantile business again, and re-
tailed general merchandise, in which he C(ni-
tiniied until lS7i}. He then went to California
and was engaged for tour years ai IVtiilnma.
After this he returned to I'ortland and was a
salesman for twelve years in the stiire of Meit^r
& Kriiiik. Since then he has been in the money
broker business.

Ho was married in 18i)4, to Miss Anriio Ash-
mead, of Lanciu-ter county. I'ennsylvani i. They
have had five children: Annie A., John M.,
William A., Catherine 11. and (ieorj;e. The
eldest and the youngest are the only survivors
of the ciiildren.

Mr. Breck has Iwen a Itepuhlican since the
organization of that party, and in 18()1 had tlie
honor of being elected Mayor of i'ortland. He
has several times been a Councilman, and also
County Clerk and butli(?ity and County Asses-
sor, lie has tilled all the positions that he has
been elected to, with honor to himself and the
good of his city and county. In 1855 Mr.
Breck purchased a lot opposite the post office,
where they had a small home and and lived for
irany years, until 181)0, when Mrs. Breck sold it
for ;i8"0,000. They then purchased a lot on the
corner of Corhett and Thomas streets, where
they have built a commodious house. It is in a
beautiful locality, commanding a view of the
country. The two somewhat aged pioneers of
Oregon arehere spending the evening of their
well spent "life, respectecl and admired by all
wiio know them.

|;mOBERT I). WILS«)N, a reputable business
C man of Oregon City, and the senior mein-
\ her of the hardware firm of Wilson &
Cooke, is a native of Canada, where he was born
February 2, 1849. His father, George B. Wil-
son, was born in P'.dinburg, Scotland, in 1806.
He was married there and in 1832 emigrated
with his young wife to Canada. He purcliased
u farm in what was then the wilds of Canada,
which he industriously cultivated and improved,
and on which he still resides. His chihlren
were raised there, of whom there were eight,
seven now surviving.

lllfiTOJli OF OIIKdON.

'I'lie 8ul)ji)ct of our skftcli was the fil'tli cliild
mill wiie raised oil liin t'atlicr'n farm and attciidtMl
iliii ('(iiinfy scliool. Upon attaiiiiiij; tnanliood
lie learned the iiiillerti' trade, which he has fol-
IowimI for twcnty-tive yearn in varionn places. :.i
Canada, Washinj^ton and Ore^^oii.

He saved his means, and hnilt n mill at Dal-
las, in I'olk connty, whicli had not heen in oper-
tion more than six months, when it was totally
consumed hy tire, ami he time lust in an hour
the aecumulationH of a litetime.

Mr. Wilson, however, is thoroughly Ameri-
can, in that ho does not waste time in uselesa
regrets. He at once resuiried work for wages
ill the Salem Flouring Mills, where he eontiiiued
tor five years, alter which he went to I'endletoii,
where he worked (or three years, then comiiiir
to Orifron City, where he opened his [)resent
hardware store. Tliis enttirprise has so far lieeii
very successful, exceeding Mr. Wilson's fondest
expectations, and on Feliruary 2S, 1H91. his
liardware store was biirneil, which diil not daunt
liiin, and in one month from the time of his loss
he was in business on the same ground in a now
and better building than iiefore, i)eiiig built of
corrugated iron. Owing to Ins lil)eral methods
ill business and thorough reliability he has se-
cured a large trade of the best class of citizens,
not alone of the city, but from the surrounding
country for miles away.

He was married in 1870, to Miss Hattie
Hughes, a native of Missouri, and a daughter of

Samuel Hughes, a highly esteemed Oregon
pioneer. They have one child, (Jharles U. W.,
now in his fifteenth year, an intelligent youth,
who reflects credit on his native State.

Mr. Wilson is a liepnblican in politics, and
socially belongs to the Knights of Pythias.

What is more essential than all, however, is
the excellent reputation which he Injars through-
out the State where he is known, or has ever
worked. Scrupulously honorable, of thorough
integrity, correct morals, industrious, progres-
sive and courteous, he is calculated to achieve
successs anywhere, or in any calling. He has
the universal good-will of his fellow-men, who
sincerely rejoice in his deserved prosperity.

:^^c-B-^

IS nmont;

ILLIAM M. PATTERSON
the many good men who, during the
civil war fought in defense of the old

flag. IJe is now a respected and siiecessful hor-
tieiiltiiri-t, living on his own fruit farm near
Mount 'i'alior. lie was liorn in llliiniis, in
1H25. His father, Myron Patterson, was a iia-
ti'.eof Albany, New York. The family origi-
iihted in Scotland, aixl came to this country
before the lievolulion, and several (d' Mr. Pat-
terson's ancestors fought in the Ktivoliitionary
war. His father married Miss Catherine
Dorseii, of Long Island, and the daughter of a
sea captain. Tliey liail live cbildreii, and Will-
iam was the seeond child and only son. Kour
of the family are still living, two in (Jbieago,
one ill Tacoma, and ,\[r. I'atterson himself.

The family removed to Wisi'onsin wliijii he
was yet a child, and when he beiMiiie old enough
he Worked in the lead mines, where he was imi-
gaged when the civil war broki! out. lie en-
listed in the spring of lSf')2, in Company II,
Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry.
He was sent to the Mississippi river, and was a
particijiant in the tightingdoiie by the Sixteenth
Army corps, at the battle of .lackson and the
siege of Vicksbiirg, and was in a charge made
upon one of the rebel forts. It was first ex-
))lod(Hl and then they rushed in and took pos-
session of the fort. He was with (ieneial
Sherman in his inarch to the sea and with
him in all the battles of that famous cam-
paign, including the battle of Atlanta. From
Ceorgia he came to Washington and partici
pateil in the grand review in the streets of that
capitol that their valor had preserved. Mr.
Patterson had been twice wounded. onc<' by a
ball in the ' < , U and later by a piece of shell
which str'.' I if neck, but he soon recovered
from both of his wounds. The physician said
that he owed his swift recovery to the pure
condition of his blood. He has never recovered
from the effects of the noise, and is still some-
what deaf, but he has never been heard to com-
plain. He was promoted to Orderly Sergeant,
and was honorably discharged in 18(5b. He
returned to his home in Wisconsin and the
peaceful vocation of a miner. Here he remained
until 1874. when he came to Volo county, (,'ali-
fornia, and was engaged in farming for several
years. In 1885 he caine to Oregon and pur-
chased bis present projierty, ten acres of land,
for $3,500. He built a pleasant home upon it
and has planted it to a variety of fruit which he
has cultivate<l with success. A short distance
back from the bouse there is a very large spring
of excellent water, with a flow of six inches

KNI

jiisronr <>t' ohkoon.

iJii:

(•ipiistmitly. Mr. I'lvtterHDii Imx (loclhu'd nii iit!'cr
111 ?ei5.t)(i(» lor \\\> prcpcrty.

In lsr)4 Mr. I'littt rsmi wiis iimriicil In ^liss
• iiiiu' l!;uiily. of illiiKiiK. Slic wtis tin- ilaiifflitfr
(>r (ii'urm' Hall ly. i'(iniiMl_\ Irmn 'IViiiiesHt'ii.
Tlicy Imvt.' liii'I i'liiir cliildicii. The cldi'.'*! koii
ilii'il ill ('iiWriiriiiu, in lii> twuntytirpt yi'iir.
Tiie «()ii V. iiliain is a (ilcainliont captain ami
pii'it; l,iiiii<c ami .laiiif;* ai'u at lioiiie with their
partiiti-. Nir. i'attun-ciii in a iiii'iiilit'r of tiie (i.
A. Ik., tidw a iiicnilifi' of Sumner I'ost. He is
a licpiililieiiii ill |ioliti('s. Mr. and Mrs. I'at-
tersdii liiive sli.tred one aiiofiier's jiiys and sor-
rows for tiiiily- 'ij^lit years, and enjoy tiie euteeni
of a li'^tioii of fr.emJH.

'^'n?y<^M^^-

fAMKS !!. vSTKl'llKNScaine to Orefron in
1844. and was tlie |)iont'er settler of Hast
l'i)i'lliiiid. Iiavin^ taiceii for liis donation
elaiiii from the (ioveriinient tiie section of land
on wliiidi Kast Portland now stands. Mr. Sto-
iilieua was horn on the line of Brook eoniity,
Verniont. ami Wasliin>;toii county, Pennsyl-
vania. Noveiiilier 19, llSOti. His ancestry orij;-
iiiated in Kni^land, emi^ratiiii; to V'ir<;ii)ia early
in the history of the colony. Wlieii he was
eii^lit years olil his parents moved witli their
litth' family to Iii(iiaiia ami wtro pioneers
tliere. He resided with his parents on the new
farm, learninir the trade of cooper and followed
that hiuiness some time in Indiana.

He was married in 1880, to Elizaiieth Walker
of Kentucky, and two years later they went to
Hancock, county Illinois, wliere he continiieI with them, he
and his wife started for Oregon across the plains
in 1^44, and arrived tliere at Oregon ('ity,
Deeeinher 24. 1844. He remained there a
year engaged in his tra<Ie and made 1,000 tloiir
harrcls for the Hudson's Bay Company and 400
Salmon liairels. Later he made 400 heef har-
rels. in whicli heef was sliipped to the Sand-
wicli Islanils. In IS45 he settled on the hanks
of the Wilhunette and continned his trade and
Willi his skiff he ferried the emigrants across
the river. AVheii Portland was started lie eon-
tinned that business and as settlers came to
Portland ii lie^an to he a place of some impor-
tance, and he estahlished the first ferry which
he continued for seventeen years. It is be-

lieved that he pnndinsed the land claim on
which Kast Portland is built for #150 of a Mr.
A. Davids. In ISoO Mr. Stephens made some
improveiiients on his place and then iilatted
Mast Porlland, oU'ering it for sale to the set-
tlers on. their own tt^'ins. He was tlius in-
Htriimental in starting the town on the east
.dde, and it is said that one time he owned
the three sections of Iniid lying on the east
side of the river. He never dreamed that
tli(^ great city would stretch out for miles aloiijj
the east side of the river and embrace all of lii.s
property and for miles l>eyond. He was one of
the founders of the Kast Portland Bank, the
first on that side of t!ie river. He i;ave a iiiiin-
her of blocks of his land for school purposes,
one of which l)ears his name. He was elected
one of the first cominittee men of East Port-
land and held the ollice several terms.

Only one of his children is now living: Mrs.
Kli/.abeth .M('(?alla. She became the wife of
Dr. A. M. Loryea and later married (ieorge
Mc(-'allii. Her home is in Portland. His eld-
est daughter married Mr. Kdward Sexton.
Then settled on a donation claim in Washing-
ton county, where they resided seventeen years.
Mr. Se.xton died and his wife returned to her
father and died in 1878. They left a son, .1.
W. Se.xton, and daughter, Kosctta Se.xton. Tlie
daughter was educated in Portland, where she
has resided for twenty- two years. She married
Mr. Henry Jones, and has one fon, Jame.s
Harry.

In ISfiT Mr. Stephens built a large and
commodious residence in Kast Portland, over-
looking the Willamette river and fronting the
city of Portland. In 1887 Mrs. Klizabeth
Stephens died. She liail been a faithful wife
and mother, devote<i to her home and family.
Mr. Stephens only survived her about two
years, his death occuring of old age, in his
eighty-seciMid year, March 22, 1880. He left
a large portion of his property to the Kaferty
brothers of East Portland, who had been life-
long friends of his. He left the old homestead
to his gramldaughtei', Mrs, Uosetta Jones,
witli two acres of land now very valuable.
Mrs. Jones is a lady of refinement and intel-
ligence, and to her we are principally indebted
for this brief sketch of her grHiidfather. whose
memory she honors very highly. This is i.nt
a brief account of one of Oregon's |)ioiieers,
who, -with his little family, braved the terrors
of a journey across the plains to the wilds of

nisTvuy (»/'' DiiKGofi.

401

< )r('j;(>ii, iiiliiil)it(Ml Hlinoht fxeliihivt'ly l)y wild
liuHHrii iiiiil tliu still wilili'i- liiiliiiiitt. All lioMiir
i« iliit) Kiieli iiiuii iiis he, who hiivc iimdo Orngoii
wlmt it now is, a (front coimiioiiwdiiltli. It lmn
Itceti tlintii)^!) . the industry and Helf-diMiial of
t\wm tioido pionuera that thesi* jrrand remtltn
liavo hceii attained and the wildonieHH trann-
t'oniiud iiiti) a busy, iMitiirprittiiig Stat(<, whi-ri!
couiitltms luiiiilitM'K of pt'oplf are carryiiif^ on
the variouA <icuiipatii>n of a civilized uikI ad-
vanced civilization.

MKS W. U()(>TS,onoof tiie iiiost pronii-
lent fanners and horMciiitnristHof Clacka-

fAMKS W
iiia« county, was horn in {Jliathain, Kn^-
iand, l''el)riiary IS. 1849.

llirt parents were .Jaine» and Sarali (Uoleday)
Koots, liotli of Kni^lisli descent. In IHTjB, they
eniiffrated to New York, thence removing to Illi-
noit), where they resided for u couple of years.
In lsr)7, they went to Kansas, where they pre-
empted land, nassinj^ through all the trials and
vicissitudes ol pioneer lite, besides experienciii^'
the added trouble of conflicts with border rutli-
nns, and Indians, and tli(! ruttians mobbed liiui
off' his lands, because of liis free-soil principles
and his efforts to make Kansas a free State. I?y
his courapjo and ai)ility, however, he finally se-
cured his laud, to which they ajraiu returned.
On the breaking out of the war, his sympathies
were thoroughly aroused, atid he ottered his
services to the Government, enlistitig in the
Thirteenth Kansas Uegiment, in which he
served bravely and (efficiently for two years, or
until he became disabled, and in consequence
was honorably discharged. In ISfio, he sold out
his possessions in Kansas and removed to Mis-
souri, where he aided in running the Bush-
whackers out of the country.

In 1869 ho and his family crossed the plains
to Oregon. They had three wagons and several
mule teams, and were well armed with guns,
revolvers atul knives, being prepared to fight
their way through, if necessary. His wife and
four children comprised the family. On the
way they fell in with other emigrants, making
eighteen wagons in all. A part of them were
attacked by Indians, with whom they had a
sharp fight, and who got away with one of their
men, from whom they never heard afterward.
On arriving at Fort Kearny, they were retained

there until other oitiigrants canu' up, as it \vas
not (•onsid(!re(l sale for them Id jirocced. Their
nnuib(!i- w'as increased to forty-live wagons, and
all who were not well armed, were supplied by
the fort with Spencer rifles. They tiien pur-
sued their jouriuiy, crossing swollen streams
without bridges, sometimes usin:{ from five to
ten spans of muUts and horses to one wngoii and
floating the bed of tine wagon up us high as the
8taiidar(!s, getting the clothing and provisions
wet. It took two days to cross South I'latte
and tlm same to cross North I'latte, aiui they
bad to e.xercise every precaution against a sud-
den attack by the Indians. At night when they
went into camji, they would form a corral with
their wagons, and tlieir animals were pu-tured
until dark and then driven within the inclosnre.
A guard was diligently k(!pt until day light,
when the stock were again driven out to pasture.
Tlu.'y were obliged to feed their animals the
best they could, as their own safety and finiil
journey depended on their teams' strength.

On the east edge of the Black Hills a fearfid
storm overtook then!. The wind was something
terrific, while the thunder reechoed among the
hills, until the earth fairly seemed to treinide;
over all this the lightning came in blinding
sheets, the intense light of which wiis succeeded
by appalling darkness. Tents were blown down
and covers torn from wagons by the wind,
while the drenching rain completed the general
devastation. The women were in the tent,
while the men_ outside were trying to hold it
down, to keep it from blowing away. On that
fearful night a tiny emigrant entered on its
worldly pilgrimage, adding itsdistresa t" that eii-
gendereil by the destructive storni. The storm
however passed away with the night, and the
morning found all uninjured. Three children
were borti on this memorable journey to Ore-
gon. Provision became very scarce in the
latter |)art of the journey, atid money, too.

On arriving in the State, iMr. Roots and hie
family settled on lan(f in Olackamas county,
taking possession in the fall of 180'J, and on
which the father still resides in peace and
plenty, in a good home, supplied with all the
conveniences that money can provide. He has
been thrice married, the present companion of
his old age being a nice little lady, wlio was his
first boy love in England, many years ago. He
is now in his seventy-fourth year, and enjoys
the good-will of all who know him, because of
his true worth and genial character.

403

HISTORY 0J<' OIimiON.

His soil, the subject of i>\ii' sketch, spent tlie
most of liis time from twelve till twenty driving
team, freiglitiiii^ \ve?t of tlie MissiBsijipi river and
exiieriencinga jjreat many liardshipsiii tiuit capa-
city, lie was ill his twentieth year wiieiihecrossed
the plains. He drove a tcjuii from Kansas, and
on the journey, after providiiii; for his team for
the nii^lit, he has on some occasions taken a
hhinket, and lain down in the tall i;rass at -a dis-
tance, heiny; fearful of lieing attacked afld killed
by the Indians.

When till tiie plains, 1." and a coinpanion left
the train at Sinkey creek, to u;o to the Silver (Jity
mines, to see what they could do there. When they
arrived there, there was no work and no water
to work the mines, and they pursued their ,vay
to Canyon City. Two days of this part of the
journey was spent without food, the last of which
was mIso devoid of water, there being nothing
but sand and sage brush. His feet became a
ciiinplete blister from walking in .the hot sand,
and tlieirsuilerinfT was intense, and at other tinu's,
in the Mine moiintains, they had to pick Iwrries
to eat to keep from starving. His coinpanion
died from the eti'ects of this joir'ney. This is
only one of the many instances of hanlship
wliich the oarly pioneers endured, and which
have made them richly deserving of all future
pinsperity.

On arriving in Clackamas, he homesteaded
ItlO acres of land, located half a mile west of
the iireseiit site of Clackamas Station. This
land was then covered with a dense forest of
huge tir trees, some of which were eight feet in
diameter and BOO feet iiigh. It was an her-
culean task to clean up the property and pre-
iiaic it for farming purposes, and only those
similarly situated can realize the toil and per-
severance necessary to accomplish it. Aft(^r the
trees were trees were felled, they made a dense
pile on the ground, which was biirned, thus leav-
ing the work but barely commenced; for great
stumps remained, the roots of which e.xtended
like sinewy ropes, twenty feet and more in
evt'rv direction, all of which had to be carefully
reinove<l beliire the ground could l>e utilized.
All of this was industriously accomplished, and
Mr. Koots has to-day, one of the finest farms in
the county.

A siiort time after he settled on the place, a
terrific wind storm blew <lown much of tlietim-
l)er, strewing the roads and snrroun<ling country
with fallen trees. The following year a tire got
into this fallen timber, which tiireutened to de-

stroy everything they had. His family tied for
refuge, and he ami his neighbors fought the tire,
linally succeeding in saving the house, but the
fences and all other buihiings were destroyed.

Mr. lioots worked for fourteen years in the
paper mill of the Clackamas Paper ('ompany,
part of the time occupying the posititm of fore-
man and millwright. This mill was two miles
and a half from his home, wliich distance he
walked, going at noon and returning at mid-
night, for live years, when lie rode back and
forth.

He, at first raised only vegetables and hay on
his farm, but as soon as possible, began the pro-
duction of different kinds of fruit, in the culti-
vation of which he has been very successful,
now having one of the tinest fruit farms in the
State. On commencing life on this place, ho
was $100 worse off than nothing, and now owns
about a thousand acres of choice farming lands,
about a hundred town lots, a large and comfort
able residence, woil barns for his arain and
stock, and other buildings, all surrounded by
trimly kept grounds, to wliich is ailde 1 an or-
chard, second to none in the country. These
are a wonderful tribute to tlie gi eat thrift of the
man, ^s well as to the prod net iveness of the soil.

He was married May 20, 1871, to Miss Eliza
Ann Hiekey, who crossed the plains in the same
train as himself, which goes to show that no
journey is too long or laborious tor Cupid to
undertake. Miss llickey's father. Hugh A.
Hickey. was a highly esteemed pioneer, who
died in 1888, leaving a faithful wife ami family
to mourn his loss. The mother still survives.
To this marriage have been born four chil-
dren, three daugliters and one son: Ilaltie S.,
Thomas A., Myrtle T., and Amy L., all born in
Oregon, and reflecting credit on their native
county and State.

Mr. iioots is a prominent Uepiiblicaii in poli-
tics, taking a commendable interest '., the af-
fairs of his State and country. He is a respected
memfier of the A. (). II. W.

Thus has intelligent and persistent effort
been rewarded with jirosfwrity, and what is
more desirable, the good-will of a'.l right-minded
citizens. ' , ,

§ENAN S. (ilHSON, County Superintend-
ent of Instruction of Clackamas county,
is a native of the State of Iowa, born in
Monmnutli, .lacksoii connty, Felirnary 2, 1802.

UIBTOHY Of OHBGON.

403

m
xs

His ancestry were Irish and Scotch, who came
to Virn-iniii in tlie early liistory of that Slate,
and since vviiich time there lias been some
mixture of Englisii and Dutch hlood. His
jjrand father, IJarniou (iiiiKon, removed to the
Western lieservo in an early day, engaging there
in farminir, l)ut later removed to Iowa, where he
continued in the same occupation. He was a
Wesleyan Mctiioilist, and lived to be eighty-six
year*' old. The father of our subject, James
(jibsi,n, Jr., was the third in a family of nine
children. He was married in Iowa Mrs. Emily
Garrison in lH(jl. In 1807 they started across
the plums with ox t»)ani8, and settled in Olack-
auuis i-iHinty, three miles east of Kagle ('reek.
Here Mr. Gibson took a homestead of 160 acres
and here he has since resided.

(>ur subject was five years of age wlien he
arrived in Grej^on. He attendci the public
scliools for three months in the year, and the
rest (>r the time, until he was nineteen, he worked
on hi> father's farm. At this time he went to
Pierce Christian College, California, at which
he graduated in 1884, accomplishing a live
yeivr's course in throe years, standing high in
Ik his examinations. After leaving school
he taught in Colusa county, California,
eight months, then returned to Clackatnas
county, where he has taught thirteen terms, and
f(jr two years held the principalship of the
Clackamas school.

In March, 18'J2, Mr. Gibson was nominated
by the Itepublican party as their candidate fur
Superintendent of Schools. He made a success-
ful Ciinvass, and is now filling the otiice crr^^'t.
ably. Mr. Gibson was married August t,
1880, to Miss Hertha Martin, a native of i )vva,
born April 8, 1805. She was the stepdai.ghter
of ^[r. John Glover, an Oregon ])ioneer of 1847,
and she was educated in Clackamas county,
whore she became a successful teacher. She is
now I'er husband's deputy in the office of Super-
intendent. Mr. (Tibson is a member of the A.
(). U. W., in which he has been Recorder.
Both he and his accomplished wife are people of
refinement and education, very unassuming in
manners, but enthusiastic ii: scliool work and
highly estemeed throughout the entire county.

tONOKAnLE THOMAS H. TONGUE,
one of the most prominent and able of the
younger men of the State of Oregon, was
born in England on Juno 23, 1844. His parents

were Anthony and Rebecca (LavJson) Tongue,
he being their only child. He was (idncated in
England until his fifteenth year, when his p.ir-
ents emigrated directly to Washington county,
Oregon, where thev located on a farm. Ilo
was sent to the Pacific IJnivorsitv, at which in-
stitution he was graduated with honor in 1808,
after which hj rci'd law with Hun W. I).
Hare, being " litted to the bar in 1870. He
began his {t!r>cti.,f 'r Washington county, where,
by close a|)plic:".'.,ii to business, aided by his
initural ability and acquired endowments, he
soon achieved a jirominent position. He has
long liad intrusted to him niatiy of the most
important cases of the C(iunty. which he has
c»)nducted successfully and well, receiving satis-
factory and deserved verdicts. He early espoused
the principles of the Republican party, l>y which
party he has ItLen several times honored liy
nominations to prominent official positions,
serving, locally, as a member of the Council of
his city, and also as its Mayor, besides beloiii;ing
to the School Poard for six consecutive years.
It was while a member of the latter boani, that
he assisted in erecting the fine school building,
now possessed by this city. He was in 1888
elected to the State Senate, and served on the
jiuliciary and otluT committees. It was during
this session that the all-absorbing (juestion came
uj) as to wiiether a bill shonhl be passed ex-
empting Portland municijial bonds from taxa-
tion. In op|)08ition to this measure, Mr.
Tongue distinguished himself, evidencing that,
if not gifted with a "silver tongue," he had an
active member of fiesh and blood wliiidi answered
all practical j)urposes. His constituents were
so well satisfied with his service, that they re-
elected him, and he served as Chairman of the
.fudiciary Committee during the second session
of the term, rendering the State efficient service
in that capacity. He was Chairman of the
Rej)ublican State Convention, held at Portland in
1890, and was a delegate to the Natiomd (!on-
vcntion of the^)arty at Minneapolis, in 1S!(2, in
which he served as Vice-Priisident from Oregon.
He has served several years as member of the
Republican State Central Committee; is Chair-
man of the Central ('ominittee of the First
Congressional District, and is State President
of the Young Men's Repnt)lican Club. His
profession, has, however, claimed most of his
time and attention. He helped to organize the
First National Bank of Ililisboro, since when
he has served as oni. of its directors. In com-

404

inSTOIir OF OBEGON.

,1.

]iiiii_v with otlicru, lie has jiliittod .-ievcnil luldi-
tioiis to the city of IlilWhoi'o, in which vuiitiircs
he liiiB l)t'i'ii very successful. He owns jiei'son-
iilly iilioiit 1,0(10 !U'i'C8 (if hiiitl iuljuiniiiif ami
lU'iii- till' city, lie,-i(!es hiivina interests in otlier
|)arcels. He also interests liiinself in the rais-
ing of trottinir and road horses. ISesides tliese.
he owns a tine lierd of Aysliire cattle, and is
raising Berkshire hogs. In the6(> various pur-
suits he henufits his county, and more remotely
the community at hirjre, hy stimulating' the peo-
ple toward the cultivation of that which is hest.

Mr. Tongue was married in 1H08. to ^liss E.
M. Eagleton, a native of Indiana. They have
seven children, all of whom were horn in Wash-
ington county. They are: Edith L.. Edmund
lliirUe. Mary G., lieiH'.a R., Thomas II., Jr.,
Ejiiily Elizahetli and Florence.

Tli'e Senator is a I'ast Master Mason, and de-
livered in IJSSS the oration hefore the (4rand
Lodm', which was ehujuent anil highly titiished,
anil which was published in several Masonic
journals. He has also taken an active part in
the I. (). (). F., of which he is I'ast Grand and
l'a^t Chief Patriarch. He is a member of the
Granite at IlillslxM-o, in which he takes a deep
interest, advocating its advanceinet)t and the best
interests of the farm.

During his political career, he has tnade many
ehxpient and powerful speeches, and has proved
himself to be an orator of no mean atiility.
His life is a counterpart of his wonls, and his
precepts are always reflected in his actions.

IEOIKtE lIElUiEN.anativeson of Marion
county, ()reg(^n, aiui one of the most capa
)le and enterprising young husineos men.
was iiorn .lanuary 2'J, 1855. lie is of English
ancestry, who came to Kentucky at an early
day, and settled in Indiana later, and renioveil
then to Missouri. From the latter State the
family removed to Oregon.

Williiim .1. Ilerren. the father of our subject,
was horn in Lexington, Kentucky, January 17,
18"i4, hut while yet in his teens he removed t()
Indiana, settling at (ireensliur^j; in that State.
At this place he remained until about 1843,
when he changed his home to Missouri, where
he lived until 1845. Then all the family, con
sisting of his father's family and twelve chil-

dren, joined an overland party for Oregon.
They started from St. Joseph, and after a jour-
ney of nine months' duration, tilled with liard-
ships and misfortunes, reached the beautiful
Willamette valley. The father settled on a
claim five miles east of Salem, wliere he resided
up to the time of his death, which occurred in
18(54, at the age of sixty-four years. His wife
survived hiin eighteen years, and died in her
eighty-fourth year. Thej were honest, indus-
trious and most worthy pioneers.

The father of our subject purchased n settler's
right to a <lonation claim of (540 acres, four
miles northeast of Salem, where he engaged in
fanning, and October 14, 1847, he was married
to Miss Evaline Ilall, a native of Missouri and
a daughter of James Hall, also a pioneer of
1845. After marriage they resided on the farm
until 181)8. when Mr. Ilerren, Sr., engaged in
the hack and draying business in Salem, which
he continued for live years, and then returned
to his farm, where he reniained for two years.
At this time he became one of the organizers of
a joint stock company, which built the Farmers'
Warehouse in Salem, and given the manage-
ment of it. in which he continued for a period
of six years They then sold to the Salem
Flouring Mill ("ompaiiy, and he became the
manager of the mills for three years. After
this he engaged in the grain, wool and hop
trade, and continued in this until the time of
his death, which occurred April 13, 18U1, when
he became a victim of la grippe. He was a
man of intelligence and of the very highest
business integrity; was a valued member o\ the
Patrons of Husbandry and a member of the
lodge of I. O. O. F. The Christian Ohurcli
was tlie religious deimmimition in which he
found a home. At the time of his death he
was president of the Willamette Valley Uop-
Growers' Association. In politics he was a
Democrat, ami while never seeking ])ublic office,
jjreferring private life, he was nevertheless
selected by his fellow-citizens to occupy posts
of honor and trust, and in 1H50 was elected
Sheriff" of Marion county. After serving his
first term, he was re-elected, and later was made
(Jounty Commissioner. He served several terms
in the (^ity (Council of Salem, and was urged
to accept many prominei;t otficcts, at one time
becoming a candidate for State Treasurer. He.
was a man of fine business ability, and always
l)08se8se<l the confidence of those with whom ho
was connected. Through his intiiieiice the hop-

1- lii

HISTOUY OF OKhKION.

•!or)

growiriif in this State was frreatly extended, and
it has liee.oine one of the inipurtunt indnstriea
of Oepjn. lie left a fainil}' of five snrvivinj^
sons: 1). A., of liepner; A. W., ol'^Salein; Will-
ard II., of Hntteville, and Ed. (!., wlio is liis
fatiier's snecessor at Salem. They are a liighly
repiitalile family, noble sons of Oregon's most
worthy pioneers.

George, onr subject, was educated at tlie
Willamette I'niversity at Salem, an<l later at-
tended lleahl's Business (!ollef;e at San Fran-
cisco, from which he graduated in 1878. He
first began business on his own account as a
clerk and bookkeeper in a general merchatidise
business in Salem, later entering a wholesale
commission house in I'ortland, whicii handled
large (juantities of grain wool and hops. He
also traveled for a Portland wholesale house.
Later our subject bfcaine hookkeo])er for the
State Insurance Company of Salem, in which
he was also a stockluildcr, but he resigned lii^
position to engai;e in the mercantile business iit
llutteville, in which he engaged a ; er of

years. When ho sold out lie retired t. m.t-

cantile business, and since that time ha;- at-
tended to the purchasing and forwarding of
hops.

The marriage of our subject took place Feb-
ruary 17, 1880, to Miss Lncella Gilbert, a
native daughter of Oregon, born in Salem in
]S()4. She was the daughter of I. \. and Mar-
guretta ^Stanton) Gilbert. Her father was an
honcred Oregon pioneer of 184'4, and her
mother in 1847. Mr. Gilbert was a surveyor,
and laid out the town ])lat of the city of Salem,
and was also the first (Jounty Clerk of Marion
county. He served as Second Lieutenant in
the Cayuse war, and was one of the rescuers of
the survivors of the Whitman massacre.

Mr. Gilbert and family were Congrcgational-
ists, and all are people of the highest respect-
ability. He was born in 1818, and lived to be
si.xty one years of age. His wife survived him,
and died June 28, 1891. Mr. and Mrs. llerren
have twt ..ildren; Newton Gilbert ami Will-
iam MeKille. Mrs. llerren is a moat estima-
ble lady, and one of the pillars of the Congre-
fational Church, and of the Sunday-school at
lutteville.
In politics, Mr. Hcrron is a Detnoerat, but
has never been an office-holder nor an office-
seeker. He takes great pleasure in athletic
sports, in hunting and fishing, and is a chatn-
pion oarsman of ()regon. He has built a beauti-

ful cottage at Hntteville, from which he has a
fine view of the Willamette valley and the sur-
rounding country. The home is one of refine-
ment, and reflects the character of its inmates.

fB. IIOLBROOK.— Prominent among the
business interests of Portland, and in
* the real-estate business, and high up
among the successful, active men engaged in
the purchase and sale of land, is the gentleman
whose name heads this sketch. Mr. IL^lbrook
has faith in Portland and Oregon realty, and
shows his faith by investing in it himself and
his helping others to do the same to the best
advantage. This makes him a powerful factor
in the development of the county. Ills firm is
1". B. Ilolbrook & Co. They succeeded the firm
of Riggen iV llolbrook, in 1891, taking posses-
sion of a business that had l)eeii organized in
1881. The present firm haiuUes oiily valuable
property.

Mr. llolljrook was born in Wisconsin, De-
cern 'i-r fi, 18(53. His fath.i.A. H. llolbrook,
foriiiurlyof iiutland. Vermont, moved to llills-
boro. Wisconsin, and vas a successful pioneer
merchant of that city. He married .Miss
Lavinia l>. Huff, ot WilmiiiLrton. Delaware, and
the daughter of Solomon InfT. a c lutractor
and builder of I'hiladpl|)liia. d'hey had seven
children, of wl 'iiii four are now living. Mr.
llolbrook was tin^ third child, and he was raised
and educated in Woiiewoc, Wisconsin, and
learned the trade .if Viigonmaker. He was
engaged in the niaiinf^ re of wagons in sev-
eral cities, and for iine with the llushford
Wagon Compaii} . Winona, Minnesota, and
the Welier Wagon Company of Chicago. He
engaged in the latter city to come to Portland
and sell agricultural implements. While he
was engaged in this business he visited fre-
quently every city in Oregon, Washington and
Idaho, a great part of the way on horseback,
and so acquired a good knowledge of the coun-
try, besides making the acquaintance of the lead-
ing business men of the section. As soon as he
engaged in the real-estate business it was found
that he was the right man in the right place,
and he and his partner soon acquired the repu-
tation of being the leading real-estate firm of
Oregon. They have a long list of cnstuiners,
among whom may be found the representative

401!

uisTonr OF ouegon.

\ l! V!\

i; m

itifii of every city, county and Statu in the
l'i;ioii. Tiiey liave thns uccoinplislied a great
work in the hnildinif itnd devulopmetit of the
city. Tiiey have tiiousands of liolhirs invested
in siiburijan pnjperty. and finely improved farms.
Tliey jiurchase vHst tracts and then cut tliem up
into loth itiiu acre tracts and sell tliein. All the
suhurhs that they have orjjanized are pi'ovided
with every improvement, and some of the
pro])erty is as fine as any in the world. None
l)ut the best and must desirable people are al-
lowed to buy.

^fr. Ilolbrook was married Jnne 25. 1887, to
Miss Etta ("orey. of Mo.;"v (Jreek, ^linnesota.
They have one dangiiter, naintl Helen, born in
I'ortlaml, Oreifon. Mr. Uolbrt'jk is a free-
trader, a man of character and common sense,
and is very active in his business.

I'. NEWTON, a widely known and
highly respected Oregon pioneer, who

j» has resided in Benton county more than
foriy-tive years, was born in Licking county,
Ohio. April 18, 1830.

His parents vie Abiathar and Rachel (Gar-
linirhouse) Neu 'U, the former of whom was
born August 8, IsOtJ, and the latter on .lann-
ary 16, 18U5. They were married October 5,
1820, and lived for a number of years in Lick-
ing county, Ohio, but in 1841, removed to Van
Hureii county, Iowa, where they remained seven
years. In 184JS, they crossed the plains with
ox teams, to Oregon, where, on August 18,
18t)!.t, the faithful wife and devoted mother
died, leaving lier fi'inily and many friends to
mourn her loss. The father still survives, and
was married in I'enton county, April 2, 1871,
to Mrs. Lydia 1*. Dodge, nee Nash.

The subject of our sketch I'eceived his edu-
cation i 1 Ill's native county and in Van Muren
county, Iowa. He was reared to the life of a
farmer, whiih occupation he has followed all of
his life until five years ago, when he engaged
in the livery business in the tiourishing town
of Philomath, which business he still owns and
successfully conducts. In 188!), he also engaged
in the saddle and harness business, in which
line he now enjoys a large and lucrative trade.

He still retains his valuable farm pr()|)erty,
which is loeati<l adjacent to Philomath, and
which consists ol' oU() acres, 250 of which are
under a high stale of cultivation. He owns n

very fine orcliard, largely consisting of apple
and prune trees. He is also extensively en-
gaged in stock raising and the breeding of
horses, priiici|)ally the (Hydesdale bretid, his
specialty, being draft horses, although his large
stables contain a great number of good carriage
animals. He owns two thoroughbred stallions,
and a number of crosses.

He was married in 1853, to Miss .histina
Knolls, a native of Iowa, and a daughter of
William Knolls, who crossed the plains to Ore-
gon in 1845. The family descended the ('o-
lumbia river from the Dalles, Wasco county, to
I'ortland, in flat-boats, driving their cattle along
the trail, making a portage at the lower Cas-
cades.

Mr. and Mrs. Newton have si.x chihlren liv-
ing: Abiathar H.; (.'yntliia, wife of li. L.
llenkle; Walter; Laura; Harvey; Ernest; Will-
iam E.; Etta; and Rachel, decease<l.

Mr. Newton's eminently successful life ex-
emplifies what intelligent effort, persistently
a()plied, can accomplish, especially when sup-
plemented by the fertile soil of the glorious
State of (Jregon, than which no grander State
exists on the face of the (iarth.

fOSEl'H I). JOHNSON, a prominent farmer
of Ueiiton county, and pioneer of 1850, is
a native of Missouri, born in .laekson
county, near Kansas City, August I*, 1S43. His
parents were Charles and Kizia (Trapp) John-
son. The former was Ijorn in Tennessee, and
emigrated in the early pioneer days to Mis-
souri, where he was reared to manhood and
married. Here he resided until 1850, when the
family started across the plains to Oregon.
During that long and tedious journey the wife
and mother was taken sick with elmlera and
died, at a point known as Asli Hollow. The
family continued their trip uii i they reached
Heiiton county, where they located and were
among the early .settlers of the Willamette
valley. Charles Johnson was always promi-
nently connected with the history of the county
until his death, which occurred, November 10,
187(i.

The snbject of this sketch was the ninth in
a family of twelve children. He has resided
in Benton county, almost continuously since
1850, and has been a prosperous and thril'ty

1'f^

iUSTOHY OF OREOON.

407

farmer of this section. Mr. Johnson spent
some three years in Idaho, hetween 18(52 anil
1805, and (hiring that period was actively en-
gaged in mining, bnt not being successful in
that enterprise, returned to Benton county, and
again engaged in fanning. II is present farm
consists of seventy-tive acres adjoining the city
of Corvallis, all of which is devoted to general
farming. In 1888 Mr. Johnson sold 120 acres
of his farm land, which is now the property of
the State Agricultural Association, upon which
some of their most important buildings have
recently been erected.

In the city of Corvallis, in the year 1871,
November 21, our subject was married to Mary
(iraham, a native of Tennessee, daughter of Dr.
William Graham, whose sketch also appears in
this work. Mrs. Johnson departed this life,
June 25, 1892, leaving three children, namely:
Charles L., William T., and James E.

In political matters Mr. Johnson is a consist-
ent Democrat, and in 1880 was elected County
Commissioner, in which capacity he served his
county for two years. Socially he affiliates with
the A. F. & A. M., has passed the otHeial chairs
of the Blue Lodge, and is, at this time the
presiding officer in the A. O. IJ. W. He is
also a prominent member of the Patron? of
Husbandry, Grange No. 242.

,V*i

fUDGE WILLIAM LEWIS WHITE, an
eminent jurist of Oregon City, and an hon-
ored Oregon pioneer of 185(1, was born in
New Kent county, Virginia, August 10, 1819.
lie comes of good old Virginia, Hevolntionary
ancestry, who came from England in the early
colonial days, and settled in Virginia. His
grandfather was also born in the Old Dominion,
the date of his birth being 1748. who served as
First Lieutenant in General Washington's army.
His son, the Judge's father, was also born in
Virginia, and served his connti-y in the war of
1812. He married Rebecca Woodward, a na-
tive of New Kent county, Virginia, a member
of a prominent and influential family of the Old
Dominion. They had si.'c chihiren, the young-
est of whom is the subject of our sketch.

When but a year old, our subject had the
mistbrtuim to lose his father, and at the age of
six, was bereft of his mother. He was raised
by his uncle, William White, of Spottsylvania

county, with whom he remained until he was
eighteen years of age, when he removed to the
western district of Tennessee. After six
month's residence in that State, he went to
Louisiana, where he remained three ycsars, act-
ing as accountant in a store. He thence went
to Texas, where he was induced to join the
Texas Rangers, under General Sam Houston.

In 1839 he returned to Tennessee, where he
married his cousin, Mary Elizabeth Partlow, a na-
tiveof Virgini,^. They removed to Texas, whence,
in 1841, they removed to Missouri. They re-
mained in the latter State for nine years, or un-
til 1850, when they crossed the plains to Ore-
gon, bringing with them three small children.

During the first winter in this new country.
Judge White kept a hotel at Milwaukee. He
then went to California, lured by the gold ex-
citement, and engaged in mining. He was suc-
cessful for a time, taking out quite a quantity
of gold, but spent most of it in attempting to
turn the Scott river, which enterprise was a
failure, atid he had barely enough money left to
enable him to reach home, which he did with
all possible expedition.

He and his family then located at Canemah,
where he conducted a hotel, in which he was very
si'.ccessfnl, accumulating considerable means.
After two years in this business, he accepted the
position as chief clerk for John B. Preston, first
Sergeant General of Oregon, which position he
retained under the successor. General Gardnei'.
until January 1, 1860.

The Judge then, in 1854, removed to Salem,
where he was appoinred Clerk of the Territorial
Legislature, which was then called the Council.
He served in that capacity for a couple of terms,
when in 18(i8, he was elected Chief Clerk of
the House of Representatives of Oregon, beir.g
enrolled as Clerk for the years 1870 and 1872,
and acting as (Jhief Clerk of the same body dur-
ing the years 1870 and 1878. In 1867, he pur-
chased the (JlifF House in Oregon City, which
he enlarged and greatly improved, and which
he conducted, with the exception of the time
spent in Salem.

In 1874 Governor Grover appointed him
C!ounty Judge of Clackamas county, to fill a
vacancy, and in 1882. the people elected him to
the same office, to which he was re-elected in
1880, serving for eight years, until 1890. Dur-
ing his long term of office in the capacity of
Judge, he discharged his duties with impartial-
ity and justice. He heard many important cases,

408

UISTOItY OF OliEQON.

all of wliicli lie judged so capal)!}' and con-
scii'iitiouslv that only one was a|)peaU'<l from
his (U'cisioii, and in that, the Circuit Judge sus-
tained .liidire White's decision, liut the Supreme
Court over-ruled it, hut if an error were com-
mitted, it was of the intellect and not of the
heart. It was during his term of otKce that the
courthouse and 8us|)cnsion bridge were erected,
both of which were a credit to his judgtnent.
The people of ilia county have always attributed
to him the very highest motives in the conduct
of his otHce, which alone is calculated to rejoice
any good man's heart, for we all yearn for ap-
preciation.

The three children who accompanied the
Judge and his worthy wife from the East, are
Ann Eliza, who now resides with the Judge in
Oregon City; UebcceaT., married Mr. ('harlesE.
Bray, and resides in Seattle; Allen (t , resides
in Seattle, an<l is a dealer in mining stock. One
child, William B.. who was born in Oregon,
died in his third year. In 1887, the faithful
companion, who for forty-seven years had known
n(i interest but that of her husband and chil-
dren, passed away. She w,is a truly noble and
lovable woman, purely unseltish, finding her
greatest happiness in that of others. Such a life
could not fail to make a deep impression on all
with whom she came in contact, as was wit-
nessed by the universal esteem in which she
was held.

Thus has an honorable, industrious life had
its reward in the esteem of the public and in a
competence for himself and family.

PR. WILSON BOWLHY, one of the repre-
sentative pioneers of Oregon, arrived at
Portland on the first day of September,
1852. He is a native of New Hampton, Hun-
terdon county. New Jersey, horn on the -tth of
July, 1818. Ilis father, Joseph L. Bowlby, was
born May 24. 1787. They are of English an-
cestry, who emigrated to New Jersey early in tiie
history of that State and received large tracts of
land from the English Government. Dr. Bowl-
by's father married Sarah McPherson of Quaker-
town, New Jersey, daughter of Johti McPher-
son, and of Scotch ancestry. There were born
to them eleven children, all of whom grew up to
manhood and womanhooi and seven are still
living.

Dr. Bowlby was the fourth child and he was
raised and educated in New IIam[)ton, and
grad\nite(i from the Eclectii' Medical College in
Cincinnati, lie began the practice of medicine
in Fairfield, Franklin county, Indiana, where he
continued seven years, until liis health gave out,
and he then went to Oregon. He settled in
Washington county and has since been identi-
fied with the wonilerful (frowtli of that count v.
In South Tualatin he purchased a claim of 320
acres of land. On this property he resided and
practiced his profession until 1860, when here-
moved to F((rest Grove for the school advan-
tages for his children. In 1875 he purchased
the drug business of Dr. Saylor rxnd continued
the business with success. In 1880 ho built a
new store on the corner of First and She streets,
and has greatly improved the place, making it
one of the finest business corners in the city. The
Doctor has been enter[)rising and energetic, and
by close attention to business and thorough
business methods has built up a very attractive
and remunerative busin(!8s.

In 1883 he built a beautiful residence, a credit
alike to the city and to the taste of the family
for whom it was built. This property on which
the Doctor resides, was purciiased by him when
he first ('ame to Forest (rrove, and as he has
made all the improvements on it, planting the
trees and shrubs himself, the place has a double
attraction for him.

Dr. Bowlby lias had the honor of being elected
a member of the last Territorial Legislature of
Oreiron, as well as one of the first State Legisla-
ture, and in those traTisition days aided materi-
ally in legislation, which has niade Oregon the
great commonwealth she has become. He served
with like credit in the State Senate and has the
honor of having been I'rosident of that body.
He has also served in the councils of his city.
He has never missed an opportunity to aid in
the upbuilding of F'orest Grove.

During the ci' il war lie was a member of the
board of enrollment for the army and later re-
ceived an appointment from President (traiit.
of (Collector of Internal Kevenues.

He was marr'ed on tluf 4th of July, 1841, to
Lydia B. .lones of Newark, New Jersey. To
this union have been added six children. Three
died in infaficy and the others are; John Q. A.,
now a prominent lawyer of Astoria; Theodore
F., who is now on his father's farfn; and the
third, Sarah W., who is now the wife of George
W. Copelard, a resident of Spokane.

aisrOliY OF OllKOOS.

400

Mrs. Howlhy died on tlie 27tli of Ai.ril. 1883,
and Dr. l>o\vll>y was inarricMl iiirjiin on tlie '24tli
of March, 1884, to Mrs. Hllcn Louisa liiii'lin-
^ainu, the widow of Mr. llandall IJiirliiiiraini', of
Wisconsin. iSiie was the (huiii;hter of Mr. Lewis
(Tiinnison and is a native of Norway, hut came
to tile United States, when hut two years ohi.
She is a graduate of Maiioina college in Bergen.
Mrs. Howli)y has iiad'three children hy lier first
marriaire, of wlioin hntone is now living, Lonisa
Orcilla, now Mrs. M. .1. McMan. Her iiusliand
is a lawyer and resides in I'ortland.

Tlie Doctor has helonged to (he I. (). O. V.
since l84-(>, and been a meinlier of the A. F.
& A. M. since 185(1. lie and his wife are botii
Methodists.

Sucii is the hriet' history of one of Oregon's
representative pioneers. Tlie Doctor lias made
a record alike eredital)le to himself and the State
in whicli he has resided forty years.

— ^^ti§l:ii):#-!¥ —

III-: FIRST NATION AL HANK of Soiith-

f^jljiy ern Oreiron is one of the most substantial
banking institutions in the State. It was
incorporated December 2, 1889, with a paid-up
capital of §oO,0()(). There lias been no increase
of the capital stock since, but a surplus has been
accumulated and the undivided profits represent
a coiiitortable dividend. Collections are made
at all points in st)iithern Oregon, Portland, San
Francisco ai:d New York. The officers are, J.
C. (.'ampbell, president; II. V,. Kinney, vice-
president; and R. A. Booth, cashier. The fol-
lowing named gentlemen are the present board
of directors: ,1. C. ('ain|ibell, II. C. Kinney, T.
L. -lones, J. D. Fry, E. A. Boalich, U. B. Miller,
and R. A. Booth.

R. A. Bootli, cashier of the above bank, is one
of (i rant's Pass's most progressive and enter-
prising citizens. During his residence here he
has been proniinently identified with several of
its most important enter|irise8. He came here
in 1888, in the interest of the Sugar Pine Door
and Lumber Company and remained in their
employ a year and a half when the company
was burned out. It reorganized, increased the
capital stock, and Air. Booth has since filled the
position of Secretary and Treasurer. He or-
ganized the First National Bank and has since
been its manager Although a young man in
years his natural ability, aided by cultivation,

has rendered him very popular. Ilia qualities
have been recognized in the community.

Air. Booth is a native of Oregon, born in Vam
Hill county. May 18, 1858. His father, Robert
is a native of Lngland, who came to Xew York
in 1824, became an Oregon pioneer in 1852 and
joined the Methodist Conference the following
year. His mother was named Mary Minor and
was a native of Indiana. Our subject was reared
in Douglas county, whither his parents had re-
moved in 1857. He graduated at Heald's
business (!ollege in 187!', niid for a time engaged
in merchandising and lui'iber business. He
tauglit school in Douglas county for several
years and for two years was principal at the
Drain Academy.

He was married in Douglas county, May 15,
1881, to Clintona La Raut, a native of Oregon.
They have three children living: Robert R.,
Floyd W., and Barbara W. Echo V., the eldest,
died August 13, 1885. In political matters Mr.
Booth is a stanch Republican and has been of
considerable service to his party. He and his
family are members of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. He sprang from a long-lived and pro-
lific family. His parents are both living and
the family consists of twelve children and forty
grandchildren, all living except the little child
mentioned above.

^*-t<

^m^m^

*>s^-

fF. MILLER, one of the most prominent
pioneers of the Uogue River valley, has
* lieen prominently identified with horti-
cultural pursuits, since 1857. He established
what is known as the Sardine Creek Nursery,
near (told Hill, over seventeen years ago.
Many of the largest and best orchards of the
valley, were started with trees from this nur-
sery. Mr. Miller has since started another sim-
ilar business, in company with his son, he hav-
ing sold out his other nursery in 1890. He
and his son have a very fine nursery at Central
Point, where he will soon take up his residence.
Of late Mr. Milier has been buying and sell-
ing real estate. He is also interested in placer
mining in the county. In 1882 he organized
the Fruit Growers' Association of Southern Ore-
gon, and has served as its president for four
successive years, and each year since has been
electe<l to accompativ and take charge of the ex-
hibit sent by the association to the North Pa-
cific I'ldiistrial Exhibition, held at Portland.

410

nitiToiiY OF oiiKOoy.

■■v.\ \-\

ri'

III

lut Inter
)iirsiiitrt,
8 ] ires-
Point, as

niii
flie

N[r. Miller was born near the city of (Miieiii-
iiati, Ohio. Jul}' 31. 1832, when! he was reared
and educated. His jiarents are Tobias and
Jjj'dia A. (Kdwards) Miller; the former beini; a
native of Ohio, the latter of New Jersey, They
are both livinj^ and reside in .laekson county.
The fathers of both Toiiias and Lydia Miller
were patriot soldiers and participated in the
llevolutionarv struu;j;les. and the war of 181"2.
Mr. Miller sprin^fs from an e.xceedingly long-
lived family. His father is now passed eij^hty-
four years of age, while his mother is seventy-
seven' years of aj;e, and they are both enjoying
the ber of health. Our subject is the second
of eleven children.

He crossed the plains by oxteam to Jackson
comity. Orefjon, in 1854, and for a few years
actively engaged in miiuiif; pursuits,
turned his attention to horticiiltura
in which he has since been eufjaged.
eiit nursery being located at (Central
above mentioned, consists of eight acres, culti-
vated to growing all kinds and (pialities of fruit
trees and berry bushes.

He was married in I'olk county, May l-l.
1857, to Margau!t J. Sutton, native of Illinois,
daughter of Captain John Sutton, of Morgan
county, Illinois, who first came to Oregon in
1S51. and returned in 1852 for his family.
Tiiey have three living children and three de-
ceased, those living are: Mary E., now the wife
of D. W. Dean, ex-Sheriff of Jackson county.
Mrs. Dean was the first white child born north
of the Rogue river, in .lackson county. John
T., and Maggie A. are still residing at home.
The deceased members of the family were:
James T. who died in laB'i: Frank K. in 18()8
and Curtis M. died November 17, 1889.

Mr. Miller is a staunch llcpublican and is
the candidate for('ounty Assessor at this time
of his party. He is a pleasant and intelligent
gentleman and is well worthy to till any oflice
that may be conferred upon him. He is a
member of 1. O. O. V. and also the Encamp
ment degree of this order. He had been a mem-
ber of the society for nearly forty years.

E^lilAX MULLER, County Clerk of Jackson
county, is a widely and favorably known
-^i^j^ old settler of this county, having
located here in 1855. Since that period he has

been the county servant in several eapacities for
some years. He is regarded as a fixture in one
of the most important county otHces, to judge
by his reelection, not only i)y his own party,
but by all who know him,

lie is a native of Reckendorf, Bavaria, January
20, 18i}(i. He is the youngest in a family of
five children, born to Isaac and Metta Miller.
He was reared and educated in the kingdom of
his birth. In 1851 he emigrated to America
and engag(Ml in iderking in a mercantile house
for a period of four years. At the end <if that
time he had become familiar with the English
language and took passage in the old steamer,
"Uncle Sam," via Nicaragua for the new El-
dorado. The same year saw liim in .huikson
ville. where he engaged in clerking until 1808
when he engaged in the merchandise business
for himself. He wa-; Postmaster from 1870
to 1888, He was elected Comity Treasurer in
18()8, at which time he broke the ranks an<l was
elected on the Republican tiek(!t. In 18S8 ho
was elected to his present office, was re-tilected
in 1890 and again succeeds himself in the year
18!t2.

III! was married to Miss Louisa IIess(>, a na-
tive of Prussia, June 11, 1868. They have five
children living, namely: Isaac M., Amelia,
Hettie, William and Sophia. They have lost
two children, a son and a daughter.

^Ir, Miller is a member of the Council and is
a stanch niemlxn' of the Republican party.
He is a member of the A, F, & A. M., I)lue
lodge; Chapter No. 5, Eastern Star degree, and
A.O. r. W,, and is occupying oHieial chairs
in both orders. He and his wife are influential
members of society.

.l|t|f II.LIAM H, ATKINSON, president of
li\Ml\^ the Bank of Ashland, and proniinent in
l*-^!rj the financial circles of southern Ore-
gon, was JMirn near Bradford, England, Novem-
ber 30, 1844. the eldest and only son in a
family of nine children. His parents came to
America in 1840, locating first in Onondaga
county. New York, and a few years later re-
moving to Burlington, Racine county, Wiscon-
sin, There our subject attended the common
schools, and later entered an academy of .Madi-
son, and then, in 18t)l took a thorough course
in the Eastman (Joniniercial College of C!hi-

m
I

HiaTOUY OF oumioN.

411

ch;;o. After returning to Wiilworth county,
WisconBin, lie eiiifiiged in milling, iind was
connected with that branch of industry until
1874:, when he came to Ashland. Since tliiit
time he has been closely identified with many
of its important enterprises, both pul)lic and
private. Soon after his arrival Mr. Atkinson
became a stockholder in the Ashland Flour
Mills, r(!presentii)g u one-third interest, which
he held until 1881. In 1878 he became identi-
fied as a stockholder in the famous Ashland
Woolen Mills, and is now its secretary and
manager. The mills have formerly employed
upward of twenty men, and iias been very
profitable to the stockholders, but of late its
output has diminished, heinj; at the present
time temporarily idle. In 1884 the IJank of
Ashland was incorporated, with a paid-up capi-
tal of $50,000, since increased to $100,000.
Mr. Atkinson was one of its chief promoters,
and has been its president since the doors were
tirst thrown open to the public. lie is one of
the stockholders in the Electric Light System,
which was incorporated and is said to be the
finest in any town in the State, lie owns val-
uable business property in the city, located in
the business center, aiul also has a beautiful
resi<lence on Main street. The house is a two
story frame, of modern architecture and design,
containing all the conveniences that go to make
a comfortable home. The lawn is beautifully
set to plants and ornamental trees, making it
one of the most desirable homes in Southern
Oregon.

Mr. Atkinson was married in Walworth
county, Wisconsin, in 1868, to Miss Eugenia
L. Curtis, a native of Monroe county. New
York. They have one daughter, Knth. Polit-
ically, our subject is a stanch Republican, and
takes an active interest in political matters.
Socially, he is prominently identified with the
F. & A. M., Ashland Lodge, Xo. 23, also of
the Chapter and Commandery, and has held the
position of Worshipful Master for seven years.
Ue was one of the organizers of the Blue Lodge
in 1875, of the Chapter in 1882, and its first
High Priest and the Commandery in 1890.
The lodge has a membership of seventy, and is
in a flourishing condition, The Commandery,
Malta, No. 4, has a membership of thirty and
Mr. Atkinson is the present Eminent Com-
mander. Mr. Atkinson is a prominent mem-
ber of the Presbyterian Church, and has been
identified with the growth and prosperity of the

First Presbyterian Church of Ashland Bince
1875.

EOKGE W. CKOWSON, a grocer and
commission merchant of Ashland, was
born at Oherlin, Ohio, April 23, 1850, a
son of George Crowson, a native of Leicester-
shire, England, as was also the mother, now de-
ceased. The family moved from Ohio to Min-
nesota in 1858, where our subject was reared
and educated. In 1878 he took up a home-
stead in Dakota, removing to that State with
o.x-teams. In 1883 they returned to St. Charles,
Minnesota, where Mr. Ci'owson was engaged in
the grocery business until 188(5, and in that
year established the same trade in Minneapolis,
under the firm name of Crowson & Jones.
This partnership continued until January 1,
1888, when the former sold his interest and re-
moved to Ashland. He began business in this
city the following year, having little capital,
liut plenty of push and energy, and by his own
efforts advanced to the front ranks of Ashland's
business representatives. The grocery depart-
ment, although only recently added to his fruit
and commission trade, has already assumed
large and increasing proportions, which extends
well into the interior of the county. Small
profits, large sales, and with all fair and honest
dealings has ever been his motto, and no doubt
has been the secret of iiis success in business
life. He owns seven acres of orchard adjoining
the city, known as the Ashland Butte Orchard.
Ml. Crowson was married April 23, 1878, at
St. Charles, Minnesota, to Miss Wealthy W.
Gallup, who was b.irn at Franklin, Veruiont,
October 23, 1852. Her mother died May 18.
1854, and in 1857 she accompanied her father
to Illinois, and in 1868 to St. Charles, Min-
nesota. In 1888 the father removed with his
eon to Hammond, Louisiana, where he died
Septf^mber 10, 1890, aged eighty four years.
Mr. and Mrs. Ciowson's two cliildren. Winfred
v., born March 25, 1879, and Edith Nellie,
born September 10, 1881, are natives of Da-
kota.

.AMU EL T. SONGEli, a resident and
practicing physician of Ashland, was born
at Xenia, Illinois, January 21, 1837, a
son of Frederick Songer, a Virginian by birth.

4r.>

niHTonr of oiihvos.

V'V

1 1

f ■ !■'

ami of Geriiiiin descent. His parents were
early Kottlers of I'emittylviiiiiii. Tlio mother of
our subject, nee .lane lluiilin, \vii» also a native
of Virginia, of German and Scotcli dencent.
Tiie parents are l)otii now (ieceasod, tlie fatlier
dyin^ Deceniher 30, 1877, and tiie motiier
January 9, 181*2. Of tlieir eleven children, the
snbjoct of tliis sketch was the seventh in order
of birth.

He enlisted as a poldier in May, 18()1, and
dnrin^ his term i>{ service passed thronifh many
of the noted en<fai,'enients, ainonif them may be
mentioned I'erryville, Stone river, (Jhicka-
inanira. Oliattanooga, Missioiuiry Uidge, Dalton
and Kenesaw monntains. His reifiment was
the Twenty-tirst Illinois Infantry, under Colo-
nel [I. S. (irant, and was first in thedepartment of
Missonri, and later was transferred to the army
of the Cnmbuiland. The Doctor was among
the fortunate soldiers, receiving but two rtli;^ht
wo\inds. He was mustered out at 01mttanoo;^a,
Tennessee, July 5, 18(54, after which he spent
a year at his home in Illinois, in Missouri and
Kansas. In 18()7 he began the study of medi-
cine, graduating at the Ohio Medical College
of Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1871, and then began
practice at Xenia, Illinois. Tiie Doctor's next
location was at Fairfield, Illinois, where he fol-
lowed his profession until removing to Ashland
in 1884. In addition to his ])rofession, Mr.
Songer is engaged in the In-eeding of blood-
stock in a small way, and is also interested in
mining, having (juartz claims at the Humbug
district, Siskiyou county, California.

He was married in Ashland, to Miss Helle
Slaile, a native of Caliform'a, and a daughter of
William Slade, a pioneer of 184U, who in early
days was prominently engaged in mining and
journalism. As a citizen the Doctor takes an
active interest in politics, his natioiuvl views
being decidedly Itepublican. He has neve/
held office in the county, but has been a mem-
ber of the City Board of Health several years.

'^^^^it^-^

fAPTAIN WILLIAM H. POPE came to
Oregon when he was eleven years old, in
1851, and was raised and educateil in this
State. He was born in iNew Vork city, De-
cember 5, 1840. His father, Charles Pope, was
born in P^ngland, August 23, 1807. He came

to New York witli his parents, in December,

1811). His father, aUo mimed Charles, was born
in Kngland, I)ec(Mnber 18, 1781. He married
Miss Mary ('liowm and came with the family to
New York city. They became highly respected
citizens of New York city and were members
of the Methodist; Chn.'ch. Mr. Charles Pope,
.Ir., was the seconi] son of the family, ami he
married, November 21, 18ii2. Miss Sarah K.
Archer, of New York city. They had si.\ chil-
dren in New York city. Here Mr. Charles
Pope, Sr., <lied in 181)4, and was buried in
(Treenwoo<l cemetery.

In 1851 th(^ family came to Oregon ami hero
the seventh child was adiied to the family.
Only four of the seveii are now living, one In
Washington and the others in Oregon City.
Tliey setthid at Oregon City when it was still
very small, and Mr. Pope engaged in the mer-
cantile business, which ho followeil successfully
for many years. He was prominent in the
afi'airsof the town and was a leading intMubcr of
the Methodist Ohurcli. He was a man of
strict integrity, who piid close attention to
business. He was made City Trijasurer, and
was still serving in that cipacity when he died,
June 11, 1871. His wife is still living at Ore-
gon City in tlu^ eightieth year of her age, en-
joying the high esteem of a wide circle of
friends.

When Ciptain Pop's beciiino a man he en-
gaged in mercantile business in Oregon CAty
and continued in it for a short time, when ho
engaged in steamboating and purchase I the Cal
Hope, -and ran her a short time, and then in
partnership with three others, built the Mult-
nomah. After running her a while they leased
her to the Oregon Railroad and Navigation
Company for two years, and thu!i sold her to
parties on the sound. Captain Pope has buen
a master of steamboats ever since for the Union
Pacific Company, running from Portland to
Astoria, and part of the time "rom Portland to
the Cascades. He has been exceedingly f(5rtu-
nate as a captain, his boats having never met
witli any serious accident.

Captain Pope is now running the Harvest
Queen, a tug-boat, and is towing and piloting
vessels from the mouth of the Columbia to Port-
land.

He is a Hepublican in politics, and is a very
intelligent and pleasant man. He has a very
wide acquaintance and is highly esteemed by all
with whom he has been brought in contact.

•('(■('iiitior,
Was lidrii
' iimi'riLMl
t'liriiily to
respected
muiiibers
le.e. Pope,

iiiid he
iiii'iili E.
nix cliil-

CliHrluB
iiried in

md liere
family.
;, Olio JM
111 VAty.
WHS still
lie iiier-
ii'ssfiiiiy
ill the
Mihor of

llllill of

tioii to
er, and
lu died,
at Oro-
li;(^ 011-
irole of

he en-
11 City
'lion he
hoCil
Hioii ill

Mult-

leased
ij^atiou

liei- to
18 liuen

Union
md to
llld to

foptu-
ir mot

arve^t

lotin!»

Port-

a very

I very

I) ■"

ut.'

yall

fcL^mM JWt^^Y^^'

» it

lie wiiH inarrie'l Ftilinmry IV, J '*d7, <.. ' •
»iu »h Keinlili'Vi «'f IihIiiiiih, ami Un' 'I"-..

.'(•11 of fit'l.Hi.». Mr. liiid M:<' i 1 ■'

*i. '1, ■^•'■'.■■■«. (>.>fli Ixtrii ill '' >4(i'i'

Tho CiiptninV A.iM

• (irsl govi-rii'ir of <'r<'-

ih\'f. Deufoii TlitiUiH*

. ., <■*' wliii'li liP w u pio

4^-i ••...^•:V.v,.., ,-»|^

'umuis.

418

laii'l-

. '.'.luiiiDiiiirv WHr

nm war ol' 181U.

\iiii (Jaflwker, H na-

'vi<i nine chiMran.

'-, oHcli a son and

• J ui'<' still liviiijj,

t^'i'iiMil-born, arul

■ ill \u* niitivd

■ '.•lackttiniHi!*'

■ w » jvU'"iM'yiii«n,

.1 i ■ -VB ii :. HrstU<)r<i

.•'im»yiwi N'A v<'»rs

. . r,. '.' lold uut 'icM > -k

■••ittimiikg bu*iin!!*« :i'

iiiMiiH':! for a year, when 'i ■ uu^cj-.

iiifi' the ('<>iiiitry. resi.li;:^' ' vL»Hr. Itt

l'^i<!' ln( mnvt'd to Oliio, wiit'io Um luniioil for a
wliilii. I.rttci ill' mrtvt'ii to IlliriciH, ruiiiainin^
tliurc fiyii 3r:i!i' fie Ii«i3 a sliop in eacii of
tliwae piin'^s, ini.' lils^ff Inn fxporienw in Ohio
lis lieinjf on<« oi p;rt»»t itiWrtulty to get iiioiiuy,
'liore lii'inj^ lu^tm thiw*j j^» Owl rime. Tlipn/ wati,
liowevor. plerit.y » f h*'!"* •» winch j.ir<Kli»ct hi*
took p'ly fur I i .1 ■ ' • IS thiio was nu

SIB

tho <M>Mi^lii< bar^^aiiied with Daniel S.

t(> l(iriii«li till' I.>irrel8, and li« and Nfr.

:«ii d'c^illt'd it on xharcs, kttcpinfj^ throe
! i/'iviiig Mr. 'iVrwilliger two. Tho
I I 1 i>niv foir"-ien cents a jjallon,
that hu did a ^oud

yt*r'i» WtJi**:.

vr.

lliaiii II. Ilarrirton
on, ho went to lUi-
iitil 1845. Ill the
M , 'a Hhort time at

1 >t<. In Illinoia he had a

jt, .: Ill"'' his neii^hbors tho

*'• >i;-'i very well, so they

.*iii! Ill- -tarted overland for
I vk') "I o.xeii, two waf.;on.s
> •* ' >rip hundred wagons in all
t ■■ ■•• ' 'isHoiiri, with Sam
John Hteuiirt wan
ly, thirteen waj;-
st, jn'oeeeding by
d good health until
Boise, where they
there on siilleriiiii
- called eanip fever,
! wliieh several of tlie coin-
.) v\'lii.!ii they airived at the npp'<r
■ -.«, Mrs. JV'rwilliger died. Her inaidon
:i:iiiie Arts Hoplironia Ann Hard; they were mar-
ried in 1^38. ill Toiiijikiii' county. New York.
Mr. TiTwilliger hiul liio cliildren by his first
wife: I.oreu/.o, the oMest, was killed by the
Indian:!, in IWSl, on Kogne river, ( »regon, aged
twiMitytwo joart'; Joliti. tlit second in order of
birth, who, frwm ««e»vfr«! iMack of qiiiusy, died
ill ("alifoniia. in IStV), rt.>r.i about seventeen
ytiHr:i; t\an. who diixl in H'do when three years
old; llinkiii, now living- :■.! Portland, Oregon,
with which city's iiitere'.i.H '.iC is largely identi-
tled; Charlotte A., who ni.uried Walter Motlit,
of Portland, now deceane. : she is now the wife
of llou. OharliiK Cartwri{.»ht, whose interests are
' T^-Ay in ear^tpni ')(t^i,.ii. but who has also a
, 'jsiilt^ncp ID I'ortlwid

On «rri.!;:i{ oi. iho jirvi?iit site of the popu-
loiiii city ei !'(>rti)iti<!, th'v -"aw nothing but a
barren wa-!'>. it»und i\lr. James Knox took
up dcnatioii etr.ims mi the east side. Mi. Ter-
willigtT and liio. cbiUlren being accorded the
privilege "f rminuniiig at Mr. Knox's home.
Mr. Tor.iiiliger had siiceecided in bringing his
!ifiK;i<' through alive, and he at once began farm-
ing uti \\\n claim. On tMiristinas day ho wont
to Orof^n City, buying fii i Frank I'ettygrovo

^'i'^i

f^^mM 5^tt''X'^-*<^

^i =

IT [STOUT OF OREOON.

413

lie was marned February 14, 1867, to Miss
Sarali Keiifliley, of iMciiana, and the daughter
of John Keiirliley, of Enirlaiul, and long a
wortliy citizen of Indiana. Air. and Mrs. Pope
have had two daughters, botii born in ()re;,'on
City, Anna and Maude. Tlie Captain's Aunt
Ann was the wife of tlie first governor of Ore-
gon, and ills father's brother, Deaeon Thomas
Pone, resides in Illinois, of which he is a pio-
neer.

f.VxMESTERWILLIGER, one of the most
public-s])irited and energetic citizens of
I'ortland, arrived here in the early pioneer
days of 1845, and resides on his original farm,
which has now been taken into the I'niits (jf
the widespread city, and for which, forty-six
years ago, he excliaiiged a horse.

He is a native of Ulster county. New York,
where he was born on Octolier 3, 1809, Jlis
father, Cornelius Terwilliger, was a native of
the same county. Mr. Terwilliger's ancestors
came from Holland, and were the first settlers
of Amsterdam. They wore a hardy, long-lived
race, some of them living to be 100 yeara of
age. llis grandmother Terwilliger attained to
tilt |)atriarclial age of 102 years. His grand-
father was a soldier in the lievolutionary war
and his father «erved in the war of 1812.
The latter married Miss Ann Cadecker, a na-
tive of New York. They had niue children,
including thrct jiairs of twins, each a son and
daughter. Three of the family are still living.

Mr. James Terwillijjer, the second-horn, and
subject of this sketch, was raised in his native
State, New York, and learned the blacksmiths'
trade. lie worked for a time as a journeyman,
liaving his first shop in Towandu, Bradford
county, Pennsylvania, in 1832. A few years
later, he sold out and returned to .New York,
resuming business at Ithaca, where ho re-
mained for a year, when he removed six miles
into the country, residing there a year. In
183!* h'> moved to (Jhio, where he farmed for a
while IvUter he moveil to lUiiuiis, remaining
there fq;ir years. He had a shop in each of
these places, and relates his experience in Ohio
as being one of great dilticulty to get money,
there being none there at that time. There was,
however, |)lent,y of eoi'u, in which product he
took pay for his work. The.i, a" thc'e was no
as

sale for the corn,^]ie bargained with Danie! S.
Morton to furnish the barnds, and he and Mr.
Strockman distilled it on shares, keeping three
gallons and giving Mr. Terwilliger two. The
whisky sold for oidy fourteen cents a gallon,
yet even at that, he relates, that he did a good
year's work.

In 1840 he voted for William II. Harrison
for President. After election, he went to Illi-
nois, where he remained until 1845. In the
meanwhile he worked for a short time at
Kalamazoo, Michigan. In Illinois he had a
farm and shop, but he and his neighbors, the
Mormons, did not agree very well, so they
bought him out, and he started overland for
Oregon, with five yoke of o.xen, two wagons
and thirteen cows. One hundred wagons in all
started for St. Jose|)h, Missouri, with Sam
Parker for captain. Later, John Stewart was
in command. Subseijuently, thirteen wag-
ons separated from the rest, proceeding by
themselves. They all enjoyed good health until
reaching this side of Fort I'oise, where they
took the Meek route, from tluu'e on suffering
considerable with a sickness called camp fever,
from the effects of which several of the com-
pany died. WluMi they arrived at the upper
cascades, Mrs. Terwilliger died. Her maiden
name was Sophronia Ann Hurd; they were mar-
ried in 1833, in Tompkins county. New York.
Mr. Terwilliger had five children by his first
wife; Lorenzo, the oldest, was killed by the
Iiuiians, in 1851, on liogue river, Oregon, aged
twenty-two years; John, the second In order of
birth, who, from a .severe attack of rpiiusy, died
in California, in 184i), aged about sevent^ien
years; Asa, who died in Ohio when three years
old; Hiram, now living in Portland, Oregon,
with which city's interests he is largely identi-
ti'd; Charlotte A., who married Walter Moffit,
of Portland, now deceased; she is nt)w the wife
of Hon. Ciiarles Cartwright, whose interests are
largely in eastern Oregon, but who has also a
residence in Portland.

On arriving on the j)reseiit site of the popu-
lous city of Portland, they saw nothing Init a
barren waste. He and Mr. James Knox took
up donation claims on the east side, Mr. Ter-
williger and his children being accorded the
privH(>go of remaining at Mr. Knox's home.
Mr. Terwilliger had succeeded in bringing his
stitck tiirough alive, and he at once began farm-
ing on his claim. On C'hristmas day he went
to Oregon C'ity, buying from I'rank Pettygrovo

IllsrOliY <lF OREaON.

H's;

a lot ill I'oi'tliiiu], (in First and Morrison streets,
wiiieh lie still rotuiiis, it bcinif now one ot] the
most viilimljlu pieces ot' piDjierty in tlie eity.
< hi this lot, in Fcliriiiiry, ISUi, he Imilt a h)ir
lionse and iilai'k.-niith sliu|). of liuwud logs, out-
side and in. lie says it was the first huilding
ever erected in I'oi'tland. He sold his (iovern-
nient land claim for a horse, a little later ex-
chaMjrini; the same horse for a mile scniarc of
the lieaiitifnl farm on which he now resides, in
rortland, this land heinir worth (o day S5,OnO
to S(), ()()() an acre. He worked at his trade in
his shoji ill Portland until IS-tS.

In the ineantiiiH! he had married a widow,
Mrs. I'hileiida (ireen, whodied in I>i7i5. They
had two children: Mary, wlio died when only
twelve years of age; and .Iidia V., wife of T.
M. Richardson, of Portland; she died suddeidy
of heart failure, duly 14, 18'J2.

When gold was discovered in California, he
decitled to j^o there, taking his wife and oldest
son. Accordingly, he fitted up a wagon and
team, the. latter to carry the provisions and out-
fit overland to the gidd diggings, and engaged a
man to go with his son and th(^ team, while he
and his wife took jiassage on the brig Henry, to
California. They met with severe weather on
the water and liad numerous delays, not ar-
riving in California until several weeks after the
team had arrived in safety at their destination.
The man had stored the goods, sold the team
and appropriated the fnnds. while liis son,
Lorenzo, was in tlu! mines, he did not no where.
He landed at Sacramento, wiiere he spread a
tent, and then went in search of his son. One
night, being away until late, the coyotes cut
the lasso with which his horse was tied, and it
got away, leaving Mr. Terwilliger to go the rest
of the way on foot. Next day, after walking for
eight miles, he came to a trading station, called
(ireen Springs. He boiiglit out the trader, and
leaving a man to take care of it, he went in
search of his son.

He went on to Hangtown, where he found
his scin, and learned where his goods were
stored. While he was at Hangtown, they were
trying threit men for stealing goods from a
trading station. They gave them fifty lashes
each, and ordered them to leave the town in
twenty minutes. ( Ine of tlieni left, the others
continued to hang around. Soon a man came
to Hangtown, who had been fearfully bruised.
This same gang had killed two men and left
this one for dead. He told his story, and they

captured these two men. tried them, found them
guilty, and sentenced them to be hung. Placing
them on two mules, they fastened the ropes
over their heads and gave the mules a crack,
the iiiuies sjirang from under ihem, leaving the
two men swiiii;inij in mid air.

Mr. Terwilliger immediately retnriuHl to
Sacramento, where he hired a man to take him
and his wife to (ireen Springs; there they kept
the supply store for about a year. He als(j
hired a couple of Indians and with his son dug
for g<dd. They were successful with llieir
store and also in mining, but after a year the
Indians became so troublesome that Mr. Ter-
williger sold out. They had made about $8,()()()
in gold dust, with his son and the Indians. He,
himself, has dug as much as si.x and eight
ounces a day.

He then went to Sacramento, where he started
one of the first blacksmith sho])s in the town.
He hired a journeyman for an ounce of gold
a day, besides which he had two helpers. This
he continued to run for seven months, making
Some days $200 a day.

During that time, a coudIc of thieves stole
the blankets belonging to his man. They
were caught, and the blankets recovered. They
were tried, found guilty, and Mr. Terwilliger
was asked to state the number of lashes they
should have; they received twenty-five lashes
each.

Jlr. Terwilliger's wife was taken sick, and
went to San Francisco for treatment, where lie
went to see her, then dcciiiing to ret".'n to Ore-
gon. Knowing that lumber was very high in
San I'Vancisco, he purchased a cargo of it,
(diartered a vessel, which he loaded, and took
this to that city, where, Ujjon arriving, he found
that five large shipa had come loaded with
Eastern pine, and the market was mined. He
took his Ininber to Sacramento, where he 6(dd
it to l.ee, Cornwall vk Co., on ninety days'
time, and they failed before jiay-day, Mr.
Terwilliger and his partner losing, thereby,
^27,000. Then he sold his blacksmith shop,
and bidding good-bye to California, retnrneil to
Oregon, engaging in the tannery business in
company with his brother •loliii. Here he con-
tinued for fivo years, working his farni in the
meantime, and still retains a large portion of
this valuable riinch. In IStlSJ. he built a hand-
some residence on bis farm, with commodious
barns for his grain and stock, and all con-
veniences and improvements attainable.

HISTORY OF OHEGON

415

September 1, 1892, Mr. Terwilliger, after a
l>rief illness, paesod to the great beyond, at the
go<id old age of more than fourscore years.

In alt his life he had l»een an ardent sup-
iiortcM' of the principles of the Republican party.
Ever leadinjj an lionorablc and npric^ht life, he
enjoyed the deserved esteem of all who knew
him, and warmly dwelt in the affectionate re-
gards of his family and friends, who sincPi'oly
lament his demise.

4^^^-e^^

fAPTAlX GEORGE A. IM-LVSE, one of
tne widely and favorably known steamboat
captains on the Columbia and AVillamette
rivers, ame to Oregoi. in 1850. erossi-d the bar
at the mouth of th(- Oiiluuibiu river, on board
the "Annie E. Ma i.e." on July 21. He is a
pioneer of (Oregon a id also of Oalifornia, having
landed at San Francisco on the last day of Seji-
teinber, 1849. lie was born in the State of
Kew York, (Columbia county, on the Hudson
river, twenty miles below Albany, September
20, ISiiO. His father, Norman Pease, was born
in Ohio, in 180"), his father having marrieil a
short time previously and settled in the woods
among the Indians. The ancestors of the fam-
ily had emigrated from Wales early in the
history of tlie country. One branch of the
family settled in (Jonnecticut and the other in
New York. Norman I*, married, in 1829, in
Columbia county. New York, Harriot McAllis-
ter, who was born in 1807, and whose family
had been early settlers on the Hudson river.
Her anceetoi^ were captains of the first boats
that plied up the Hudson river. The father
died July 2, 1847, and the mother li\ed with
Captain Pease until 1891, when her death oc-
curred.

He began the life of a sailor in 1849 and has
since made it his life business. He has been all
over the Willamette river as far as K'.igeiie ("ity,
and on the Columbia from the sta to its head-
waters in Idaho. He began in a keel-boat in
1850, taking freight from Portland to Oregon
City, receiving I'or it $20 a ton. His boat was
propelled by Indians with poles, oars and sails.
His next boat wa.« called the "Canei|iali," which
ran between Oregon City and Corvallis. He
ran her until 1858. In 1855 he made an ex-
cursion through the State with twenty-tive men.
prospecting for gold. While they were out the

Indian war broke out. In 1860 Captain Pease
help build and owned tive-ninths of the " Enter-
prise." He ran her two years and jnit her in
the People's Transjiortation Company. It was
organized in 18S«, and the Captain has been
counecteil with it since 1865. After this ho
was captain of the followingboiits: "The Active,"
"Success," "Alert," "Senator." "E.N.Cook,"
and the " Welcome." In 1871 the company
sold out to Ben Haliday, and Captain Pease ac-
cepted the position of superintendent of the
river lines, and also of the building of the large
hotel at Clatsop Reach, in 1873. In 1875 ho
ran the "Eonita" for the Oregon Steam Navi-
gation Company, from Portland to Astoria.
She was the fastest vessel on the line at that
time and is still running. After this he ran
the " Dixie Thompson " and the "Emma Hay-
wood," until 1878, when he eiigageil in pilot-
ing under a State branch. During this time,
in 1882, he ran the tug boat " Pioneer." In
1888 a new law was passed which provided that
a ship need not take a pilot if she took a tow.
It resulted in giving the towing on the river to
the Union Pacific Railroad Company, and he
was the only State ])ilot taken in their employ.
Since then he has been running a tug and tow-
ing. He has been very successful in his busi-
ness and is of course thoroughly accpiainted
with everything connected with river or sea
life. He owns some mines in Idaho.

He was married, December 26, 1857, to Mil-
dred A. Moore, of Illinois, daughter of a pio-
neer of 1847, in Oregon. They have two living
children: Archie L., caj)tain of the steamer " T.
(j. Potter," now the finest boat in Oregon; Hat-
tie, married T. .1. Colbert and resides in San
Francisco.

The Captain has passed ail the chairs of the
subordinate lodge of 1. O. (). F., is a thirty-
second degree Scottish rite Mason, is Past
Master of Multnomah Lodge, No. 1. a nienilior
of the Masonic Veteran Association of the
Pacific coast, and a member of the American
Drotherhood of Steamboat Captains and Pilots.

He is a Republican and was at one time a
member of the Oregon City Council. He is
a true man and has made a host of friends in
his long life as a steamboat captain.

Mrs. Pease died October 22, 1879, leaving a
record of an excellent wife and mother.

410

HISTORY OF OltEGON.

iA^

fAMKS M. Ari'LKWlIlTK. M. I)., is a
prouiiiient plivsiciaii of tlie city of C.'orval-
lis, haviiii; resided here since 1884. lie is
a native of iMississi])])i and dates his hirtli at
Xntclic/, .Inly 17,1841. His parents were il.
It. and Marj,'arut (IJouney) Ap])le\vliite, the
former of wiioin was also a physician, horn in
Missi.^siiipi. Tlie ancestors were of English
oritjin. The grandfather of our sui>iect, Uev.
.lames Applewhite, settled in Mississippi as
early as IS 17.

The ^iihject of onr sketch is the eldest in a
family of eleven children. He was reared in the
State of his hirtli. althonj^h his preliminary pihi-
cation was received in the State of Viruinia. and
there com])leted in lS,j!.). The following year
he engaj^ed in the study of medicine, nmier the
prece))torship of Dr. Joe Davis, an eminent
physician of the old school, now deceased. Dr.
Applewhite received his medical lectnrrs in
Memplus, Tennessee, and ])racti('ed his profession
for twenty years in Mississippi hofore coming
to Oregon. After being in Oregon for several
years, he retnrned to St, liOuis, Missouri, and
graduated at the St. Lon is College of Physicians
and Surgeons.

He came to Oregon, in 1884, and located at
Corvallis, where he has since continued in ])rac-
tice. His professional calls are frequently from
the remote portions of I'enton and adjoining
counties. lie is a member oi ;he State Medii;al
Society, and has served as (.'ounty Doctor. He
is not oidy popular as a medical student, but
has been identified with the j;;rowth and pro.—
jierity of the county since his advent in it. Dr.
Apj)lewhite was eh'Cte(l (,'ity Mayor two years
ago, and has been County Coroner for a period
of four years. In politics the Doctor is a con-
sistent Democrat, and has taken a strong inter-
est in party atfiliations. Socially he is allied
with the A. F. v^' A. M., F. of P., I. O. O. F.,
encampment degree of that order, and is also a
member of A. O. U. W..and is Medical K.\aminer
for the last named order.

The Doctor was married in Virginia August
18, 1S()2, to Miss Sarah C. Campbell, a native
of that State, and they liav) eleven children,
four of wdioni are deceased, .lamely: Willie, who
died in iidaucy; Edna, who died in 1882; Katie,
iti September, 18^3; and Corru'lia, in 1875.
The living children are as follows: .lohn C:
Laura, now the wife of H. L. Kddy. of Oakhind,
(.'alifornia; James M., (ieorge S., Virginia,
Averv L. and Ernest E.

Dr. and Mrs. Applewhite are consistent mem-
bers of the Christian and Episcopal churches,
respectively.

♦^

<-@'^-<^

I O N. J O H N P.fUNElT. — Among the
jtRjiJ leading mcMubers of the Oregon bar, none,
*^l perhaps, are more worthy of honorable
mention upon the pages of this work, than he
with whose mime we introduce this brief sketch,
.ludge Burnett is a California pioneer of 1849,
and has resided in Bentoh county, Oregon, for
over thirty-four years, and during that period
there are few. if any, who have done more for
the country than he. From a village of 500 to
a prosperous city of 4,000, he has witnessed the
growth of Corvallis, and has been proniineTitly
ideutiticd with many of its public enterprises,
both public and private, and he is always among
the first to encourage and aid all enterprises,
which have for their purpose the advancement
of the city and county.

.ludge Purnett is a self-educated man, and,
while Nature made a bountiful provision, cul-
tivation did little until he had arrived to man-
hood's estate. Ills education was gained in the
school of e.\{)erience, and is due to his own
efforts, as he was thrown ujion his own rcbources
early in life, and has muile his life, step by step,
to prosperity. He is the second, in a family of
seven chiMren born to Penjamin F. and .lane
(Jt.hn.*on) Purnott, the former of whom was
born in Kentnekv, but his ancestors were early
settlers of Virginia, and the mother was also a
Kentuckian by birth. Penjamin F. Purnett
was one of the early pioneers of Missouri, locat
ing in Pike county, about 1820. where the sub-
ject of this sketch was horn. July 4, 18;H, and
resided there until 1849, at which time he
acrossed th'< plains to California. He first
located on the American river and engaged in
mining and followed that calling, in connection
with stock dealing, until the spring of 1858,
having made a trip east and recrossed the plains
a .second time. He came to Corvallis in 1858,
and that year began the study of law in the otlice
of Colonel Kelsey, and was admitted to practice,
in 1800, since which time his life has been an
active one, anil he has filled some of the most
important positions that could have been con-
fei'red u|)ou him by the people of his district.
In ISO.*) he was elected a Presidential Elector on
the Democratic ticket. In 1870 ho was elected

liisTORr f)F nnfiaox.

417

Cuuiity J lalgi: ut ijuiituii county and iulniinis-
tered tlie affairs of tlie county for four years,
ami in 1874- lie was elected Associate Justice of
tli(i. Supreme Court of the State. His term as
Judge, imving expired in 187t), lie again resumed
practice, and two years later was elected State
Senator from Jientoii county and served as
Cliairman of the Judiciary Oominittee of the
Senate. In 1882 lie was appointed by Gover-
nor Thayer, Judge of the Second Judicial Dis-
trict to serve a portion of the unexpired term
of Judge Watson. Since the expiration of this
term of office he has been devoted to his law

{iractice. His services on the bench and in the
legislature and his efforts at the bar have gained
for him a reputation throughout the State, as
one of the most al)lej as well as successful, of the
legal fraternity. Judge Burnett is the present
Mayor of Corvailis, having been elected in May,
18!J1, for two years as a side issue. He is
interested in fruit growing ami owns a farm of
a hundred acres, with twenty-five acres of prune
orchard, located near town and also makes a
speciality of raising fine road stock.

The Judge was married in Henton county, in
June, 1817,). to Miss Martha ilinton, a native of
Missouri, daughter of honorable 11. B. Hinton.
They are tlie parents of seven children, four of
whom are now living, namely: Ida, wife of T.
Callahan; Martha, now Mrs. K. II. Huston, of
Corvailis; Brady and Bruce. Politically, Judge
Burnett is allied with the Democratic party, has
alwHys taken an active interest in politics, is a
liberal contributor to campaign funds, and never
turns a deaf ear to the a|)peals of charity. So-
cially he affiliates with the A. F. & A. M., blue
lodge and chapter, and has passed all the offi-
cial chairs of the order.

B. IIENICK, a "forty-niner" of the
coast country, was born April 10, 1837,
'■' in La Fayette county. Missouri, the sec-
ond of a faniiiy of three children. His father
was L. 11. lienick, born in Kentucky, in 1803,
and who came with his father to ^lissouri when
sixteen years of age. ('olonel Henry Henick,
the father of L. II., was a frontier settler of the
country, not a family being west of his for some
time. The Colonel won his rank under (leneral
William Henry Harrison, in the war of 1812,
and emigrated to Missouri when peace was de

clared. L. H. Uuiiick, aftur coiiiiiig to Mis-
souri, worked upon his father's farm until of age,
when he married Polly Cralljraith, who bore
him three children, the subject of this sketch be-
ing the second. His wife was born in Ken-
tucky and moved to Missouri with her parents
when a child; finally dying in 1829.

Our subject divided his youthful days be-
tween the district school and the farm. At the
age of twenty-two, tidings from California
tlirilled him with the dreams of coffers filled
with hard and yellow gold; unable to resist the
longings, he, with fourteen others, all young men,
made a common purse, bought an ox team and
supplies and trudged across the plains, reaching
the land of promise in five months and thirteen
days, reaching there with such depleted purse
that he was under the necessity of working in
the mines. Finding, literally, that all is not
gokl that glitters he gave it up, after two years
of fair trial and went to farming and stock-rais-
inif; at which he continued until 1878, when he
eniiixrated to Oreiron and settled in Umatilla
county. He took up a half section of land
which he improved under such difficulty as the
haulingof his timber thirty miles and iroiiigthree
miles for water. This was in the great wheat
belt, and he soon made sufficient, from growing
this cereal, to buy an additional half section, so
that he has a full section, upon which he con-
tinues to grow wheat; his annual crops ranging
from 8,000 to 10,000 bushels.

Mr. Keiiick is still, at the age of si\ty-fIVe, a
hale and hearty man; but he has surrendered
the work of the farm to his sons, who are admir-
ably qualitioii by training and disposition for
the duty. He is a member of t!'e Masonic or-
der, holding his connection with Lodge No. 93,
at Helix. When the Whig party had an exist-
ence Mr. Uenick was a member of that organi-
zation; hut when it passed away, became a
Democrat. He voted in California at the elcc-
tid'i for its admission into the Fiiion.

Mr. Reniek was manied in California, in 1851,
tc Miss Verlinder S. Hay, a native of Missouri;
c'ossed the plains with her parents in 18-4(),
and was for a time in company with the ill-fated
Donner party, that so lamentably perished, hard
by the lake bearing their name. Mr. and Mrs.
lienick have eight childien, namely : Prudence
Esther, wife of .fames Killian: L. II., a sheep
grower of California; W, li., a wheat grower
of Oregon; A. B.. Jr.; Robert 1^.: Milton (L;
Olive M. and Eda M, all are living in Oregon

418

niSTORY OF OREQOlf.

Iiiit 1.. 11., 1111(1 iliu tliren lii:-f imined ar<! iit
iioiiie.

•m

fAl'TAlN S. T. ISAAC, a prominent resi-
dent of Helix, Umatilla county, Oregon,
^ is the subject of this sketch. He is of
English parentage, was born in the State of
New York, December 6, 1838. The father of
our subject, James Isaac, was a native of Eng-
land who came to America in 1810 wlien a small
boj'and married, at maturity. Miss Mary ,1.
Form, a native of New York. In 18(37 they
emitii'Hted to Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. Isaac
had ten children born to them and of these onr
subject is the oldest, and six of the family are
yet living. All of these children are in Oregon
with the exception of one, who has located in
Idaho. The honored father and mother of Cap-
tain Isaac is living in Pendleton, at advanced
age.

At the age of nineteen years, our subject lett
home to commence life for himself. Locating
in Minnesota he entered the dairy bu^iness and
lived there until 1867. At the breaking out of
the civil war our subject, having |mtriotisni at
his heart, enlisted as private in Company 1,
Fourth Minnesota Infantry Vi>luTiteers and
served during the war. His regiment was un-
der the command of General Grant down the
Missisippi, and he was engaged in all ot the'
memt)rable battles of that army. He was at
Corinth, Vicksburg, Shiloh and C/hautau(pia,
and was with Siierman to the sea. At the close of
the war he was discharged a*, St. I'aul, lilinne-
sota. having received but one small wo\ind in
all of the terrible battles of that time. For gal-
lantry he was soon taken from the ranks, climb-
ing to be Captain of his ciim|>any. His was an
unusual career, for he was never captureil, nor
did he spend any time in the hospital, always be-
ing in every way ready for duty.

After the close of the war Captain Isaac re-
turned home and began the struggle with
Coke and Ulackstone, but later gave it up and
began clerking in a general merchandise store,
at which he continued until 1870, when he came
to the coast country and settled in Umatilla
county. Here he secureil a half section of laud
and engaged in farming for a number of years,
then sold his place and removed to Helix and
went into business thei'e. He conducts the only
drug store in the town of Helix, and in 188!)

he was appointed I'ipstniaster by President Har-
rison.

Captain Isaac was married in Minnesota, in
1806 to Miss Mary C. Lansdale, a native- of
Ohio and came with her parents to Wisconsin
when she was but eight years of age. The Cap-
tain and his worthy wife hav(» been blessed with
a family of seven children, six of whom are yet
living. Mary F. is the wife of J. W. Sullivan;
Anna is the wife of Frank Parh.am ; Agnes 11
is the wife of Charles Ivinsey; James H.,
William H., and Edith, are at home with their
parents.

Captain Isaac is a member of Gettysburg
Post, No. 33. at Helix anil also a member of
the Masonic fraternity, being Secretary of his
lodge. In his politics he is a Republican, but
liberal in his views, only thinking it right in
local mattei's to give the faithful old soldier the
preference.

iEORGE II. PALETHOKPE, proprietor of
(Jrant's Pass Soda Works, dates Ids birth
at St. Charles, Kinie county. Illinois, April
7,1851. He remained there until ho was fourteen
years of age. His parents were William aiid
Mary (Clark) Paletliorpe, descended from old
and inrtuential English families. The father
came to America in 1840, the mother and two
children joining him soon after. The family
consisted of seven children, our subject being
the third in order of birth. The parents re-
moved to Koineo, Michigan, about 1805.

At an early age (ieorge began to learn the
baker trade under his father, who had served a
long api)reMticeship in a country where young
man learn their ti'iides thoroughly. He con-
tinned in business with his father until he was
twentyone years of age, when he itegnn on Ills
own account and was vi^ry sn<'cessful. Both of
his parents (lied in Michigan, the mother dying
in i{onieo.August22. 1882. and the father in Pon-
tiacJuneU, 1800. About 1888 he move.l his
family to Oregon. He began business with a
small cajiital. tint was endoweil with great busi-
ness ability, energy an<l detcrminiition. II(*
took up his residence at (i rant's Pass about
three years ago and establisluid him-ielf in the
imkery business. Six months later he purchased
the soda works and since has conducted Imlh
lines of business in the same building. He has

tlTSTOiiV Oh' OflAV.'O.V.

4li)

o.sliiblioliuil H I'L'pututioii a.s ])roro.-;siuniil biil<(^r
second to iioiiG iii the state. His biisiiieSB is
constantly incrcasinif and he has tlie trade of
those who desire only tiie l)est (jiiality of hread
and pastries. As regards tlie soda husiness he
has the entire trade of i\w city and eonnty,
meiUinir with no opposition. He has one de-
livery WHiron, wliieh snpplies the local trade, and
ho also ships to points in .(ackson county. He
manufactures all kinds of carbonated drinks,
which are also on sale at his place of business,
which is conducted as a bakery, confectionery
and fruitery.

Ho was married in Kent county, Michiiran, in
1877 to Adella I'orter, of Michigan. They have
one daughter, Mabel. On their arrival in Ore-
gon ho began working in a sawmill, where he con-
tinued until taking up his residence in this city.
In addition to his city business he is interested
in fruit growing and owns property, consisting
of ten acres, located one Tuile west of this city,
live acres of which are already set out with
winter apples. One acre will be set in cherries
and the i)alance to prunes, the present season.

Mr. Palethorpo is oTie of those progressive
eastern men who avoid the sluggish rut of the
moss back oloinent and is always reaily to en-
couvage ])ul)lic enterprise,instea(l of clogging the
wheels of progress.

fW. ALNUTT. manager of the planing-
mills of Ashland, was born in liay county,
"» Alissouri, June 10, 183ij. His father,
William U. AInutt, was born in the Blue Grass
State, aTid was of Scotch extraction. The mother,
ncc Catherine Holman, was a native of Virgina,
and hoi' peo[)le were among the early settlers of
that State.

J. W. Alnntt, the third iti th(^ family of twelve
children, is a California pioneer of 1853, having
removed to the city of Sacramento in that year.
He was engaged in teaming until 185-1, the next
five years followed mining in Si(^rra and Plumas
counties, in 1858 engaged in farming near Clear
Lake, Naj)a county, in 1871 he began the
stock business in the Sierra valley, thirty-tive
miles west of Truckeo, and in l87-t camo to the
city of Ashland. For the first seven years our sub-
ject was employed in the Ashland Flour Mills,
then the property of Jacob Wagoner, but since
that time he has devoted his time to fruit-rais-
ing. His prupprty is located near the town, and

I the orchard consists of a gonei'al variety of
(dioice and deciduous fruits. The products are
an; sold to the local trade. Mr. AInutt took
charge of the planing mills as manager, Septem-

; bor l(i, 1^S91.

I He was married in Ashland, in 1882, to Mrs.

' Hattie NEitchell, nee Voumans, a native of New
York. Airs. AInutt has two children by her
former marriage: William ('. iind Alvia
Mitchell. I'y tlit; last nnion there is one child,

• Jose|)h iM. Socially, Mr. AInutt atliliates with
the A. O. U. AV., of Ashland, in which he has
passed all the chairs. He takes no active part
in ])olitical matters, but casts his vote with the
Ilepublican party.

fOHN A. TAl.P.EliT, oneof the most pros-
perous and highly esteemed citizens of
{'lackamas, and a well-known Oregon ])ioneer
of 1852, was born in Missouri, September 17,
1848.

His father, Francis Talbert, was born in
Faiujuier county, Virginia, August Hi, 180-4,
and in 1812 accompanied his parents to Ken-
tucky, and in 1815 removed to iNfissouri. Ho
married, in Kentuckey, Miss Don.aliue, a native
of that State. They liad seven children, three
now living. His wife died, and he married
again, his secoiul wife being Mrs. Amanda Crag-
head. They had three children, of whom the
eldest is the subject of our sketch, who is now
the sole survivor. When our subject was in his
fourth year, his father, accompanied by his
family, crossed the plains to Oregon, settling
first on a domition claim near Afilwaukeo, on
which his father erected a house, for which they
cut the logs, planed the timber and morticeil
the frame together, and sided it with weather
boarding, which was split and dressed by hand.
In this house, they resided for twenty-one years,
when they tinally moved to (Mackamas, where
the father purchased village property, erecting
thereon a comfortable bouse, the same in which
his wife and son now reside. He was a man of
good principles, despised oppression of every
kind, was a strong Union man and Uopublican,
and was a most worthy citizen. He was all his
life a devoted member of the Methodist Church,
and enjoyed the highest esteem of the pioneers
of the State. He died at his home August 7,
1881, greatly lamented by all who knew him.
His faithful wii"(i still survives him, now in her

Ht STORY OF OREaoN.

nifflity-si'coii(l year, greutly l>flo\ oil \>y lliu coin-
miinity, on account of her pructiciil Christian
virtues.

His son, tiie subject of our sketcli, was sent
to the common schools, and, since he has become
ft man, lie has been enf^aj^e'l in the stocl< busi-
ness and in mining in southern Oregon. He
was Deputy Siiorirt of Chici<ainas county from
1879 to 1882, and afterward Deputy Assessor for
two years. For some years lie has also iicen do-
ing a lucrative business in salmon fishing, lie
and his assistants, with two boats, catch about
2,000 salmon annually, which average about
twenty-tive pounds each. From which they
realize about SI a piece, llr. Talbert owns a
number of valuable village lots and has a small
improved farm. Altogether being considered
one of the most prosperous men of this vicinity.

He was married May 15. 1870, to MissEmnui
Davis, a highly esteemed lady, and a daughter
of a well and favorably known resident of this
vicinity. They have three children, Mary
Edna, Dora J.and Jessie E., all of whom were
born in Clackamas county, and who by their in-
telligence and activity reflect credit on their
county and State.

Mr. Talbert is Past Master of the A. (). U.
W.. and alsoa menilier of the Grand Lodge.

As a citizen he is prominent aiul highly re-
garded and has many years before him of use-
fulness and prosperity.

fR. WALTER S. JONES is anuing the
prominent jdiysicians of southern Ore-
gon, who have located in the enter|)rising
and |)ro8perous city of Medford. He is a gradu-
ate of the Eclectic school, and located here in
the fall of 1888. Ht? at once oj)ened his office
and began his practice, since which time he has
l)cen very siu^cessful in uiedicine and surgery,
and now enjoys the confidence of the public, as
well as a good and increasing practice.

He is a luitive of the State oi Iowa, l)orn in
Marion county, January 28, 186(5. lie was
re I red ami educated in his native State. He
wi.s the son of (Jilbert ami Mary J. (Slieppard)
Jones. Tii(< foi'uier is a native of North ('aro-
lina, of Welsh extraction, and the latter was a
native of Illinois. They were the parents of
live children.

Dr. JoneH was the third child of his parents

and began the study of medicine ut I'leasants-
ville, Iowa, witii S. V. Duncon, of Duncou &
Merritt, prominent ])hysicians. He received
his lectures and graduated at the American
Medical College, at St. Louis, Missouri, iTi the
class of 1887. He had much valuable experi-
ence and jiractice in the city hospital for two
years prior to grailuating, under the advice of
the ])liysician in charge, Dr. I'itzer, a noted
practitioner of that city.

After graduating Dr. .lones returned to
Iowa and engaged in general practice for two
yeai's. During this time he was surgeon to the
White Breast Mining Company.

He was ma'-ried in Marion county. February
10, 1888, to Delia Fetter, of Iowa. They have
one daughter, Maud. He removed to Oregon
in the fall of the same year.

Politically, Dr. Jones is a Democi'at, and
socially a member of I. O. O. F. and K. of !'.,
and is now filling one of tlie official chairs in
the last named order.

-.^=3-»!»-e^

f^ETER IHUTT, portrait ])aintcr, is a widely
» and favorably known early settler of Ore-
^ gon. He came to the State as early as
1852. He is a native of Switzerland, born in
the historical town of Obstalden, Glarus can-
ton, March 11, 1819. His parents were Jacob
and Dora Uritt. The latter died in Obstalden,
canton (ilarus in 18-4-c. Her husband and
family came to America, locating in Madison
county, Illinois, where the father died in Marcii,
1850. Peter is the youngest in a family of
three chihlren. He was reared and educated in
the laud of his birth, where ho made portrait
painting !i, study. He came with his father to
Illinois, and for a timeengageil in farming. In
1847 he established himself as a photographer at
Highland, that State, and continued in that
luisiness until 1852, when he took his apparatus
and crossed the plains, coming the olil route,
via Fort Hall. He established the business,
which he now comluc' '. in Jacksonville, where
he located upon coming to Oregon. He is an
artist l)y nature, as well as by cidtivation, atid
his studio is one where any lover of art would
gladly spend many hours in study of bis oil
paintings, both [jorfrait and landscajie. These
are largely frcnu his own brush. Promimuit
among the largo number of landscape paintings

It r STORY (IF OlthUKiX.

I-.M

of his own, tliui'o are suvlthI views of tliu liis-
toricai enitor lake of Klaiiiatii county, also of
many other landinariis of tl)e Stato.

Mr. liritt has spent a portion of the many
years of his residence in this State in traveling
ahont southern Orejfon. and [)rolialily lias a
larger eollection of photographs of scenes of
interest than any other person in the State. On
his arrival in Jacksonville he liiiilt a log house
and occupied it for tnaiiy years as a gallery.
His present residence is located on the most
heautiful building site in the city. From its
halcony, one has a perfect panoramic view of
the Rogue river valley and snrroundiu}; mount-
ains. His home is presided over by bis only
daughter. Miss Amelia. His son Hmil is con-
nected with him in business.

He was married in Jack.sonville in 1861, to
Mrs. Amelia Grob, whose son. Jack C. by a
former marriage, is a resident of Jackson
county, in Jacksonville, Oregon.

Mr. liritt has been a member of the Town
Council in early days. Besides bis home pro-
perty, consisting of eighty acres, he also owns
150 acres of farm land, located at Eagle Point,
and 440 acres farther down the valley, besides
200 acres in Jacksonville, twenty acres in fruit
trees, live in vines, from which he makes a tine
(juality of wine, which he sells principally to the
local trade.

fAT It I C K D U N X.— This name is very
familiar to the residents of Jackson county.
He has been a resident of Oregon since
1851, anil during his residence in this Stat%
has figured prominently in the civil history of
Jackson connty. He came frcun We.xford county,
Ireland, where he was born, March 24, 1824.
His parents were Patrick and Johanna (Toole)
Dunn, both natives of the same county, emi-
grating to America, locating at Philadelphia
when the subject was yet young. He is the
youngest of seven children and received liisedu-
cation in tiie schools of Philadelphia, and was
reared to mercantile pursuits until 1841, when
the family removed to Madison county, Hlinois.
Here he engaged in milling, which pursuit he
followed until 1850, when he crossed the plains
to California, and engaged in mining at Kelly's
bar, on the American river, later at Auburn,
Placer county, and thence to Salmon river

I and Vreka, and in 1852 mined I'oi' a lime at
I Jacksonville. Oregon. During his mining ex-
I periences he was fairly successful, {''ollowing,
this time he took a donation claim near Ash-
lan<l, which he still owns, and is now occupied
by his son. Mi'. Uunn retired from active farm-
ing some six years ago, anil removed into the
city of Ashland. Thi' farm consists of some
250 acres, ten of which is in orchard, a general
variety of fruits, the products being .-old to the
local trade. He also owns a tract of 200 acres
near by. which he has renteil out. This tract
also contains ai)out four acres of fruit, the bal-
ance devoted to general farming.

He was married l''ebruary 24, 1854. to .Mary
M. Ilill, of east Tennessee, daughter of Isaac
Hill, who first came to California in 1841). He
tirst engaged in mining at Vreka, for a time,
and in 1S51 he returned home to get his family.
When he returned, he settled in the Uogue river
valley, and followed farming and stock-raising
until the time of his death, July, 1804. Mr.
and Mrs. Uunn have four living childi'en: Kliza-
beth tl. Holburg, of Port Townsend, Washing-
ton; Ottila I). C'aldwell, of Humboldt county,
California; (ieorge W. and Mary K. Kice, of
Ashland; Amy M. died in 18S3.' Mr. Dunn
is a Republican, and has been of considerable
service to his party. He was a member of the
Territorial Legislature in 1854, serving two
terms, and was As.sessor in 1805, and County
Clerk in 1872, tilling that otHce for two years.
He has been County Commissioner several years
and has always taken an active interest in school
matters. He l)elong8 to A. V. & A. M., Ulue
Lodge and iioyal Arch, and has had the honor
of tilling the oHice of S. W. in the tirst lodge
organized in .fackson county. He also belonged
to I.O. O. V. in the East.

UlARLKS AVILKINS, one of Pendleton's
rising young men, was born in South
^ . Carolina, March 28, 1855, son of 15. F.
Wilkins, who was born near Cape Henry, Vir-
ginia, where he married Emily J. i^ingham,
also a native of Virginia. The father was a
printer by profession and was at one time con-
nected in newspaper business with John Swin-
ton, a noted journalist of New York city. ]\[r.
Wilkins removed to Washington, Distri(tt of
Columbia, in 1850, an<l there edited the Wash-
ington Sunday Herald, continuing in the same

422

ttfsrnitY OF oiiKiios.

until his (lentil, ill l*S7i), wiii'ii hi' wiis hut forty-
tliri'c yt'iirs of iiifc. lliti wife .lied the year pre-
vious, anil they left three child reii, of which our
siihject was the oldtist.

<)ur suhject attetided the private schools at
Washiiii;toii City and linishecl his education at
IJriiokville College, of Maryland, when he 'vas
seventeen years of aye. lie then coi'.iiiienced
workiiio; at the printiiii,' liusiiiess in Washing-
ton, and continued in tlie same ocuuiiation in
dilt'erent cities until 188+, when he came to
i'eiulh'ton, Oregon, and engaged with tiio Kast
Oregoniaii, on wliicii he worked for five years.
In 1800 he commenced a joh oHice of his own,
to which was added tiie puhlication of the I'en-
<lleton Tribune. This pajjcr Mr. Wilkins \\\\>
conducted as a liepuhlican paper, and so ahly
has it been managed that oin\ 8ui>ject has hail
the pleasure of 8eein<; it grow to be one of the
leailing jiapers of his town, lie is a very able
writer, and inucli time and space is devoted to
till! welfare of the town. No public iinprove-
iiients are siartod hut his paper is the first to
advocate and advance them. All social and
Christian societies have been greatly aided by
liim, to the full extent of his means.

Mr. Wilkins was married to Miss Mary Ul-
lery, in 1880. Mrs. Wilkins is a native daugii-
ter of ( >regon, her parents l)einjr aiiionfj the
early jiioneers of the State. Mr. and Mrs.
Wilkins have thre(U'!iildren, namely: llayinond,
(!larence and I'eatrice. Our subject is a mem-
ber of the A. (). U. W., and Woodmen of tlie
World, and has tilled different offices in both
lodges, being now Overseer of ti)e former
anil Adviser of tlie latter. He is also Sec-
retary of the School Hoard of Pendleton, and
in all positions he has been called njion to fill
Mr. Wilkins has proved himself a worthy citi-
zen and tfood man.

^■•^-

fllARLES 1,. I'ALMKiJ. a prominent and
influential resident of iiaker City, Oregon,
was borti in l)elaware county, IVnnsylva-
iiia, Auj^uBt 5. 18-tU. He is the son of Robert
H. Palmer, of La (Trande, Oregon. Tlie latter
was born in Pennsylvania in 1812, and i)y occn-

{lation he is a farmer. He married Hannah
^almer in 1835. She is also a natis'e of the
Keystone State, born there in 1814. Mr. and
Mrs. I'aliner removed to Iowa in 1857, and

thenci', in 18(li, aern^s the plains to Oregon,
and settled in I'liion county. Hoth of tiiese
parents are still living at La (1 ramie, ( >regoii.
They liaii a family of eight children, namely;
subject, Charles L., I'i'iijamin F.. .loseph, and
.lolin and four daughters. The three oldest
cliildren reside in Maker City, while the other
sun and four daughters reside at Latirande.

The subject of this sketch was educated in
the public schools of La (Trande. and attended
the Haptist college ill the Willamette valley. He
was reared on a farm and engaged in that pur-
suit after leaving school, varied by school teach-
ing. In 1870 he removed to Haker City, and
taught two terms of school in that county. In
187(), he and a brother engaged in the grocery
business, and continued it until 188i3, when he
was appointed Postmaster of Haker City under
President Arthur, and held that position for
five years, until Cleveland's administration. He
then went into the lime business, bought a |)laiit.
which he operated until 1800, when he organ-
ized the Haker City Linio and Marble Comfiaiiy,
with a capital stock of $25,000. of which he was
manager. The latter business has been sold.
Mr. Paliner is a large stockholder in and presi-
dent of the Baker City Street Railroad and
Motor (!ompany, with a capital stock of !:^25,000.

Mr. Palmer was married to MisB Rosella
Lovell, of Haker (Mty, who was iiorn in Iowa,
in 1801, and died September 11, 1887, leaving
n little girl, Ethel Irene. Mr. Palmer was mar-
ried the second time, in tianuary, 1889, to Miss
Lonnio Place, of Haker ('ity. who was born in
in this city, in ISO'^. (See sketch of Luther Place,
in this book.) Mr. and Mrs. Palmer have had one
child, Hannah Myrlee, born December 24-, 188U.

Mr. Palmer commenced life as a poor boy and
lias worked his way np until he now is the owner
of a nice fortune. He is the owner of consider-
able town property, both improved and nniin-
j)roved. In addition to this property and his
other business interests already stated, he is
interested in some good mines in the city, and
is a stockholder and director of the l)aker City
National Hank. He is a member of the I. O.
O. F.. and has not only jiassed all the chairs of
his own lodge, but has also passed those of the
(Jriind Lodge of the State. In politics, he is a
Repulilican.

S'#'-H^^ — '- ■-

! •:'

itrswnr of mtrjiDS.

49a

til. 1)1 KTlilC 11 .I'll. !).. .Ifiiii ..f the
|iharnmceiitii'iil tlcpartiiient of Williiin-
o L'tfd Uiiivursity, wiirt i)(pni at ilaiiislmrg,
iVliiisylvaiiia, in 1800, a nori of Saiiiiicl K.
Dietricii. The father, a (u-i'iiiaii hy descent, was
a iriiniKter of tlie riiilcil HretiiriMi (;iiiirch; the
itiotlici'rt inaidt'ii name was Cair, ami she was
of Welsh extraction; tiie families of hotli were
union),' the early settlers of I'ennsyl^ ania. The
edncation of onr Butijeet was hegnii in the com-
mon schools of llarrishiirg; hitcr he took a
elaesical course at the Lelianon Valley College,
and wa8 frraduiled at the I'liiladeljihia Col-
lege of I'harniaey in 1883, receiviiiL'' the dcffree
of I'll. (r. He stood third in a class of loiJ
nieniliers, and four times received lionoiaMo
mention by the faculty, an honor well merited
and fully appreciated. Dr. Dietrich then fol-
lowed his profession in I'hiladelphia and llar-
rishiirg until 18^8, when he removed to < Miiaha,
where lie was associated with the Kiehardson
Druif Company, manufacturers ami wluvlcsale
dealers, lie also started the Omaha Drugirist,
which he conducted buccesst'iilly until 1889.
He sold out at that time, and came to I'ortland,
to accept a position offered him by Snell,
lleitshu & Woodard, wholesale druggists, as
superintendent and manager of their extensive
laboratory.

In April, 1889, he began ])ublisliiiig the
I'acitic Drug Review, the first journal devoted
to this subject jiubliihed west of the Rocky
mountains; he also embarked in the retail drug
business at the corner of Fourteenth and (4
streets, under the firm name of Uuchanan it
Dietrich; they have begnn the nianut'acture of
the famoiia I>. it D. syrups, extracts, essences
and toilet preparations.

In June, 1890, Dr. Dietrich was ajipointed
to the chair of pharmacy of the pharmaceutical
department of Willamette University, and soon
afterward was elected dean. On the 1st of
.Inly of that year he sold out to his partner his
interest in the drucj business on the corner of
Fourteenth and (t streets. lie was one of the
organizers of the Oregon State Pharmaceutical
Association in 1890, and was elected secretary.
In December, 1890, he purchased a half interest
in the Longshore Printing & Publishing Com-
pany and became its president. In January,
1893, he purchased a half interest in the drug
store of A. T. Ockerman, at Si.xth and Wash-
ington streets, who luive incorporated under the

Hriii mie of ( •ckerniaii Dieliicli ('(jinpiiiiy for
.SlO.iNiO.

His only fraternal conneclion is with the
Knijrhts of Pythias and 1'.. P. O. F.,"in which
- ('irties he takes a deip interest. He is sec-
retary of theCoos Hay Land Ar Invi -iment (!om-
pany, and tills the same position in Keek's
Catarrh Cure Company.

fRIN(JK LI(;iAN CAMPPKLL. president
of the Oregon State formal School at
*-»(■ MonniDUth, and one of the prominent edu-
cators of the State, was born in Missouri. Octo-
ber ti. I'-'il. He is of Scotch ancestry. His
father, .iev. Thomas Franklin Campbell, was
born in Louisiana, lal' r attended Ikthany Col-
lege, West Virginia, at which he graduated.
He married Miss Jane F.liza Campbell, a lady
of the same name as hi own, although no rel-
ative, who was born of Scotch ancestry in
Newry, in the north of Iroland, in 1820. Si,\
children were born of this marriage, of which
lainily three are living, namely; Alexander
Franklin, Albert Preston, and the subject of
this sketch. President Campbell's father has
been a promiiu'iit minister of the Christian
Church in ( Iregon and California since 1870.

Upon the ill-rival of Rev. Thoma- C'ampbell
in Oregon in 1870, he w;.s elected president of
tha Christian ('ollege, now the State Normal
School, and under his management the institu-
tion prospered, but in 1879 Mr. Campbell lost
his wife, and saddened by this event he resigned
his position in the college and retunu'd to Mis-
souri, where he remained for two years, lie
then returned to Oregon and was tin- pastor at
the church in Eugene and engaged in evangelical
work, for which he seemed particularly well
ada|ited. A nnmber of useful yeai's were passed
in this way, and then he accepted the position
as ])astor of the church at Los Angeles, and later
at ()akland, California, and now is pastor of the
Christian Church in Monmouth.

Our subject was educated at the college in
^ronmouth, and graduated from this institution
when but eighteen years old, following which
he taught school for three jenrs. Then he
entered Harvard College, and attended through
the Sophomore and Junior years, later engag-
ing in newspaper work in Kansas City, and then
returning to Harvard, where he took his A. B,

494

lllsTOIiV >)/■• niiKllii^/.

(Iuj,'i'i I' in 18St). Alter thi- In' ri'liiini'il tu llit^
iKii'inal scliool in Moniiioiitli nnd t'lifjiij^oil in
toui'liiiig, coiitimiinj^ for four yciirH, In IHIM)
111' wiiB clec'.tiMl jin'siJcnt ol' iho luiniiiil hcIkhiI,
Hiiil tliut reH|i(iiisiM(- |)(i>itiiiii liuHtill lioliitt.

Kmin this hricl' sketcji it will l)e noun tlint
ipiir siiliject Uii* liLHMi iilcntitieil witii tiic coiioijt'
anil Miirnial kcIkhiI siiict! his ciirly iliiyn, and
('(•cIh almost till' aHVu^tion of a cliilil for a parent
in his rt'ganl for an institution of k-arning of
which all Ori'jjoniaiii* are prond. I'reeident
('aniptiell is an enthusiast in his profession, a
Very thorongh scholar anil a man of force and
aliility. lie possesses the aliility to impart an
enthusiasm to his piipils, and iinderstands the
triU' method of impartinj? information. .\s an
educator he stands verv hiffh in the State and
is looked upon as one oC the most successful
amoni; the higher ranks of teachers.

The miirriage of our suhject took place Sep-
temlier 17, 1>^H1, at Forest (irove. to .Miss Ku-
1,'enia Zeiher, a native of the city of I'ortland,
<)re;;iin. I)..rn May 2'ii, lS(i,"i. She was the
daughter of .Vlhert and C!harlotte Zeiher. Two
children were liorn of this marriage: Herbert
Morris, died in his first year, and Lucia Kugenia,
was horn January 2S, ISDl. The lovely young
mother died in March of the same year, having
been u lady of rare gifts and her loss was deeply
deplored.

President Cam|)liell has interested himself in
the affairs of moment to the city of Moninonth,
and was one of the organizers of the I'olk County
I'ank, liecame a director and in 18'J0 he was
elected vice president and manager of the bank,
in which cajmcity he is now serving. lie
is a member of the Christian Church, a promi-
nent Di'mocrat aiid a man of enterprise and
business ability.

fOIIX A. SLA VI N is one of the worthy
j)ioncers of Oregon, who eanu; to the terri-
.^ tory in ISuO. He took up a claim and
persevered, and now has n farm in the outskiris
of I'ortland that is worth from >il.<'00 to .':>1.5()()

f)er acre. He had just ten cents when he
ocated his land, and is now a well-to-do farmer.
He owns other property in Oregon and Wash-
ington, and raises on his various farms valuable
horses. It reipiires but a moment to tell of

icccss, lint it took htm forty-two |

rii'lily deserves the snccus.i he has alliiiiied.
His experience would till a large book, but only
a brief outline eiiii be given of his life. He is
a native of liooiic eountv, Missouri, horn May
y, IfS'JCi. His fatliei, William Slavin. was born
in (larrutt county. Kentucky, where his father,
.lolin Slavin, was a pioneer, also a soldier in the
war of IHI2. The family is of Irish ances-
try, coming to America prior to the lievoliitioii.
All the family are noted for their many noble,
honest <|iialities. The grandfather lived to lie
ninety-six, and all were h^iig-lived. This is the
stock from which our subject sprang. His
father married I'Vaiiees Woods, of Kentucky,
ilaiigliter of William Woods, ]iioiieer of Ken-
tucky. They had iiiiii' children, three of whom
are living. Mr. Slavin was raised in ISoone
county on a farm, and had a very limited edu-
cation. While there he worked some at the
wagon-Works, partly acquiring the trade. His
father gave him a farm of l(!() acres, and he
worked it until his twenty-fourth birthday,
when ho decided to go to Oregon, as he could
not get a title to his farm from his stepmother,
his father beingdeiul. He started in ISiJO, with
some young men for California, but they did
not agree, so Mr. Slavin traveled alone. He
had some cousins who were running small fer-
ries across the I'latto river, and he stayed and
helped them for some weeks, for wdiicli
they paid him i^lO per day. They charged
the emigrants $5 per wagon to ferry them
across. Mr. Slavin saved one man's life
while there, as he was attempting to cross the
river by himself. While he wjys crossing the
plains three of his horses were stolen, but he
recovered them the next day, and never knew
who had stolen them. All food was very dear
and hard t obtain. His horses gave out at
(Ti'ande Ronde, and he traded them for a pony,
paying 81(1 in addition. When lie reached the
Dalles, what remained of IiIb outfit sold for
!S()2.u(). He ])aid §10 for his passage in a batteau
or small boat (there being no sieamlioats running
in these waters at that time) to I'ortland,-
and the bargain was that he should pull one
oar. When he reached Portland he boarded
with old Mr. and Mrs. Skidiiiore, at !!il2 a
week. In a short time he obta'ned work at
house building. They were obligei'. to prepare
all their timber. He proved so expert at
this that bis wages were advanced trom $2

)er

lay

to .SIO;

later

■.•i> hired b

years of hard work to accomplish it, and he | Stephen Collin, and was to take Portlaiil prop-

BisTonr OF oRfcaxy.

43»

crty ill piiyiiit.'nt. lie t'lirni'd ti iimiiluT of micli
lilockrt iiH tli(> post (iltieu is on, tlioii vuiiicd at
!5(15(), liiit Mr. (!ofliii wna iiimMe to (five liim ii
ilccd, ttiiil tliu matter (Imaged along until liu
»ii|)J)o«(mI lit' had lost it, Init Mr. ("ollin. like tlif
lioiioraliiu man lie wuh, paid liiin tliu money.
Ill 1851 111 came to his land, wliicii was covered
witii a tliieket of treeB. lie eiit siieli poles as
he eoiijd handle and liiiilt a small lint, liiiKlin;;
the gaiile ends with split lioards. .\f'ter getting ■
started he retiinicd to I'ortland and wub liirea
l>y Captain Uiifiis Ingles to go witii the troops
as an extra teamster. The troops were sent to
(/nliforiiii' ..nd were expected to clear out the
Indiiiiis they met on tlie way. He went with
tliein as far as the south Ump(|iia, and saw in
the valley a tine country. lie carried tlie ex-
press back to Vancouver, and Quartermaster
Ingles sent him to gatiier up tlie stray aiiiinHls
helonging to the (ioverniiiciit. He did iniicli
hard riding and had many narrow escajies.
When lie had accoinplished his mission he was
])aid at tlie rate of xU) per day. He took his
money home and hid it; later he took -tliOO
witli liim to buy a cow, and left the remainder
in the house. When he returned he found that
some one liad entered the house, made cofl'ee
and eaten some of his provisions, l)iit tlie money
was sale, lie hiter found out that it was four
young men who liad been hunting and had
stopped to rest. He l)oiiglit several head of
cattle until he had fourteen and seven horses.
The following winter was so severe that he lost
all his cattle and horses but a little calf. This
calf had a heifer calf, ami he kejjt an account
of the proceeds from that same calf, and he
found that he sold S900 worth of cattle, and
had four cows and several yearlings left.

He was ninrried December. 1853, to Kiiima
R. Ross, of Delaware, ()lii(j daughter of Luther
and Mary (Arnold) Ross. She crossed the
plains with her stepfather and family in 1847.
His name was Israel Mitchell, of Iventucky,
a grand-nephew of Daniel Hooiie. They started
from near Cedar Rapids, Iowa, witl) Captain
White's company ancl forty wagons, April 15.
They arrived at the Dalles in August The
Indians were trouble-ome. an('. one ni^;ht two
horses were stolen from the waifon in wliieh
Mrs. Slavin and her sister sl'jpt. Mr. Mitchell
took his claim at the corner of Clackamas,
Washington and Multnomali, counties so that
some of it was in all of then.. He planted an
orchard, and the land is now a part of West

I'ortland. Mr. Mitchell died at the home of
.Mr. Slavin in 187iJ, in his seveiity-seventli year.
Mr. and Mrs. Slavin began housekee|)iiig in the
little house in the woods; tlipy enlarged it, until
in 1884 they built a f,'ood farm house. They
have had six children, three ot' whom are living:
Mary, now .Mrs. R. V. I'rince, of i'ortland;
l.illie, nov Mrs. N. L. (iilhain, of Hillsdale;
.lohn R. resides with iiis parents.

Mr. Slavin is a Republican in j)olitics, ami he
and his wife botli take an activii part in all school
i|uestions of their district, both having held
school oflices. He serve(l two years as Com-
missioner of his county. He has l)een an en-
ergetic business man and is favorably and well
known throiighnut the State.

fHTEU TAYLOR, of I'ortland, came to
Oregon in 1852, and is one of her most
worthy pioneers. He was born in I'erth,
Scotland, .laiiuary 30, 1823. His father, Will-
iam Taylor, also a native of Scotland, married
Miss Christiana Mruce, a native of that country
and a descendant of Sir Robert Rriice. Thoy
had nine (diildren, two sons and seven daugh-
ters. Mr. Taylor's uncle, David Taylor, was a
prominent business man in I'elfast, Ireland, a
member of the firm of Arnott »fc Co. He was
for several years Mayor of the city of I'elfast,
and was knighted by tiueen Victoria for valu-
able services rendered his country.

Mr. Taylor, the subject of this biographical
notice, was reared in his native land, learning
the trade of cabinet-maker. In 1847 he emi-
grated to Mew Vork, and was married there,
June 14, 1848, to Miss Sarah Si phia lle^ipcll, a
native of Sunderland, county oi Durham, En-
gland, born July 29, 1824. Her father was en-
gaged in the .^hipjiing Ijusiness. He was a de-
scendant from an old and renowned English
family. After marriage Mr. Taylor went to
Ohio, looking for a location, and from tliere to
Iowa; not being satisfied with either place, ho
starteil, in 1852, overland for Oregon. Fifteen
wagons left Muscatine, Ljwa, May 4, 1852, for
tliis distant point, and the journey was a fairly
favorable one. They had some Asiatic cholera,
and several of the number died with it. In one
night Mr. Taylor buried three of his company,
and soop afterward he buried two others. He
had only a fourth interest in the team and

4Jfl

iiinToitY Oh' onuaox.

1 i!'*

,i.iiV '.

■;>\\:

WM^ciM that liroii^lit ]\'\* siiiiniii's. Tlie teaiti
\vi'iil<('iii'(l anil lic aliaiiili)iii'i| it KM) iiiili's cast of
Kort l!i>ih(', ami |i|(>ililcil alonir on tout; in tact
lie walkcil most of tlic way. with liin lilaiikets
ami pack on hi.-- liack. Wlii'ii tiit'il, or wlmii
nli/lit I'anie on, hi' Icl'l llii' roail, took a seantv
rcna.-t anil lay ilown in liis lilanki'ts. When hi'
rt'achcil tiiu Ithio mountain- lie hail inountaiii
Icycl' ami jiavu out ami lay ilown to ilii'. After
he lay thci-e Hume time, five liiiJian^ eame alonif
on iioiiie.-; one of them dismoiintecl and ])Ut
him on his jHiny, took liiin to the eainp ami
cared for hiin. When he recovered, hniiifj; with-
out money, ho )j;avc a checked shirt to the In-
diaiis, and thtiy seemed well satisfied.

Mr. Taylor came down from the Dalles in a
lioat. When he arrived he hail neither money
nor aiiythinj,' el.-e. lie hefraii at carpenter work
and did whatever he could get. One of his
johs was puttiiii; toj^ether the nnichinery tor the
tirst horse- power that was used in the ferry-
Ipoat; he was then workini; for A. !!. llalleek.
Soon afterward he ohtained a nerniauent posi-
tion as pattern-maker for the tirst foundry in
the city, owned liy Turiibull, Momiastes i^:
l)avi^. He reniaiiu'd with them for ten years.

In 18()0, witli others he organized the Wil-
lamette Iron Works, the firm being composed
of A. B. llalleck. .(olin Nation, -lolm Thomas
and I'eter Taylor. I'art of the time Mr. Taylor
was president of tiu' com])any, and all of the
time oiu' of its directors. They continued the
business until l>S81,and under tlieir managc-
luent it became one of the large, successful busi-
ness enterpriscH of the country. Ii\ ISSl Mr.
Tayliu- retired from active business, lie had
invested in city real estate, had luiilf several
blocks ain! several residences, and had secured
a satisi'act'ry comiietency lor .■! worthy ami ripe
old age.

After Cuming to Oregon, .is soon as he had
eariu'd money enough, he sent East for Mrs.
Taylor, ami in 1S53 she came by way of Nica-
ragua, and arrived in fVirtlaiid .lanuaiyY, ISo-t.
She brought with her their three children.
Four more were born in Portland. Four of
the family are still living. < )ne daughter. So-
phia ('., i^ now tlie wife of I'rof. I. \V. I'ratt,
Superintendent of the Schools of the city of
Portland. The son. noiiglas W., is married
and resides in iVirtland; he is Street Superin-
tendent. (Sec history in this volume.) Stella
K. is the wife of .Milton K. Shipley, and resides
in GlackanKi> county. Mi.-s .Nannie i- engaged

in teaidiing. She lias taught ten years in this
city.

Mr. '''aylor has interested himself in all that
|)ertaiiis to the well being of the city. He wiis
the second I'.ian of tin; list of citizens who
joined tlu* Volunteer Fir.^ Cotujjany of the city,
and is consequently an lionored member of the
Volunteer K.xempt Firemen's Society, and is
President of it. He was a member of the Hoard
of Police Commissioners; is in politics a Demo-
crat, and in religious faith he and his wife arc
Presbyterians. They are both Iionoi'ed inein-
bers of the Pioneer Society of Oregon.

IFOUGE J. AW CUKUY, now deceased, a
pioneer of 1840, and journalist, poet and
one of Oregon's most etficient statesmen,
was born in I'liiladelphia, Pennsylvania, duly
2. 1820. lie was of English ancestry, his grand-
fathei', Christopher Curry, being born in Kng-
huid and emigrating to the I'nited States,
locating in the city of Hrothei'ly l,o\e. where
he remained until his death, being now buried
in Christ Church cemetery of that city. His
son, George Curry, was a Lieutenant in the war
of 1812. and comnuinded. during the illness of
the ca|itain, the Wasliington Blues of Phila-
delphia, in the engagement with the British
preceding the ca])ture of the city of Wash-
ington.

In 1821 the subject olour sketch accompanied
his parents to South America, from where they
later returned, residing at the family homestead
near llomesbury, Per)n.sylvania, until 182'J,
when the fathor of our subject died. The son
then accompanied his guardian, his uncle, Will-
iam Ctirry. to Boston, wdu're he jiassed nine
years of ais boyhood. While there he was ap-
prenticeii to the jewelry trade, and later became
a member of the Mechanic's Apprentice Library
Association, of which he was tor a couple of
terms elected ])re8iilent. This association was
at that time a |)opular literary and educational
so(dety of Boston. .NLmy of his addresses and
pueins were published, and thereby he still lives
on the historical |)ages of that institution, to
the prosperity of which he so ably contributed.

In 1843 he became a resident of St. Louis,
where he formed *he acqnaintiince of .lo-ejdi
.\L Field, with niiom he was com.. . "^"d in the
publication of the Ueveille. In riMi he left

I:ir^i

Mt^—M

n [STORY OF ORKOON.

.JS7

^'^

that city for tliu I'acitic coast, j^oiiiir Uy way of
the overland L'liiif^r.'int route, arrivrit; in Ore
^on City, Oregon. Aui,'iii-t i}() of t.'.e - line year.
Here he iniineiliately as.-iinied editorial cliurifc
of tilt' Oregon Speenhitor, the first news|>a|)er
ever pnlilisiuwl on the coast, thns excrci.sing a
niarlced inlliietice on tiie atl'airs of the 'lerritory.
In ISfS lie commenced the juihlicatioii <d' the
Oregon I'nn; i'ress. tiie first weekly newsjiajier
on the coast. 'I'he press on wliicii this pajier
was printed was manufactured in the Territory,
and a portion of the type, tlie display letters,
were made of wood. This gave it a unique ap-
pearance, and was ■; eally one of its great attrac-
tions. This journa ' was discontinued towaid
the close of its first year, on account of the
general rush of the population to the gold fields
of California in the fall of that year.

In March, 1848, he was nuirried to Miss
Chloo Donnelly JJoone, a daughter of Colonel
Alphonzo Uooue, a f;reat-grandson of Daniel
iioono. He emigrated from Missouri to Oregon
with his family in 1840. and they were among
the first to hrave the dangers of the southern
route to Oregon, which led them through un-
friendly trihes of Indians, almost impassable
cafious, aii'l over steep and perilous mountains.
All who came that year by this route lost all
their teams, stock and other property, barely
reaching the settlements alive. Some were not
so fortunate, and their bones now whiten the
way.

Mr. and Mrs. (Jurry had six children, two
daughters and four sons, all, except one daugh-
ter, still living. All reside in Portland, and
,ire worthy citizens of their r ativc State. They
are: Mary Florence, now the wife of Mr. M. C.
Webster; Ilatlif liooiie, Norwood Litton. Willie
I.atie and (ieorge L. Their mother also sur-
\ives. iijid is highly esteemed by a large com
miiiiity, to whom she has endeared herself by
the unostentatious practice of Christian virtues.

In May, 1853, unsolicited by Mr. Curry, he
was appointed by the President, and confirmed
by the Senate, Secretary ot the Ti'rritory of Ore-
gon. A few days after his Induction into office
he became acting (iovernor, by reason of the
resignation of (ieneral .Joseph Lane, who held
that office. Mr. Curry discharged the dlities of
both offices in a most satisfactory manner, until
the arrival of (iovernor Davis, in December of
that year. Nine nionlhs afterward, upon llie
resignation of (tovei'uor Da'is, he again became
acting CroverMor, continuing in the discharge of

both offices until his appointment as (iovernor
:\ few months later. This otlice he ably lilled
until 1S,5U, when the State goNcrnnieiit was in-
augurated, llii friends then made him a can-
didate for United States Senator, but he with-
drew his name, and assisted in the election of
the successful candidates. In 18(i() his friends
again m.tde him a eandiilate for the same ]n>si-
tion, and after protracted ballotings ho cam(>
within one vote of i'lec'ioii, but a combination
of the l{e[iublicans and a portion of the Douglas
Democrats ultimately culminated in theii- suc-
cess.

1 1 is oHlcial term as (iovernor, from 185;! to
1S5U, was a most eventful period in llu^ history
of ()i'egon. Its institutions were formecl ami
develo])ed with the i-ai>id enlargement of tho
settlements and the prosperity of the jicople.
Indian trouliles were very fre(jnent. The Rogue
river Indian war occurred in the fall of 185!5,
and in the fall of 1855 war was waged along
the whole fiontier, north and south. Kiilly
2,500 volunteer.s were kept in the tield for sev-
eral months, besides the United Slates troops
stationed in the country. This was by t'ar the
most formidable conliict occurring on the north-
western coast. In these campaigns (iovernor
Curry distinguished himself by his services in
eft'ectiially establishing peace, and he received
the thanks of the Legislative assemblies of
both Oregon and Washington Teriitory for his
etficiency in protecting the jieople ot both terri-
tories against the attacks of marauding Indians.
Ill commemoration of his services in this peril-
ous hour of their need, a county of Oregon was
afterward called by his name, lie «as possessed
of a singularly aniialile disposition, and was
most scrupulously honorable, lie was cini-
iiently gifted witli a very gn tt versatility of
superior talents, which insured the al)lo per-
formance of everything he undertook. During
his public life no one ever insinuated a dis-
lionest act itgainst him.

In iMit) he received the thanks of the 'ii rect-
ors of the Nortiiern Pacific railroad for a speech
which he made before the ISoard of Trade of
Pioston, and other efforts in their behalf. In
1845, when an editor in St. Louis, he advocated
a railroad to the Pacific coast, and the next
year, wlien on the Northwestern shoi'e. he used
bis pen in favor of this great enterprise.

After an active pulilic life in the yfais men-
tioned, he retired to his t'arm upon tiie Willam-
ette river, located a short distance from (>reg(iii

428

IIISTOIiY OF OliEGOy.

fn\''

(ioveriiur (iiiTV was eiiiiiieiilly a sell'-inade
mail, as liis Beliool fiKiilifies were iiieai^er and lie
coiiiineiiced lil'e without inlierited iiiciins. Mncli
ol' Ills leitJiu'o time wuh devoted to literary pur-
suits, and tile iirothicts of liis active mind and
ffraeeful [icn are among the most valiiahle iiul)-
lieations of the Slate. Ilisijeatii was attrihnted
to till' elTects of u cold, his illness lasting for
several mcmtlis, during all of which time not a
word of complaint passed his lips. It was on
.Inly 28, 1878. just as the Sahliatli sun was
setting in all the glory jieculiar to the North-
west, that the spirit of this revered man look
its lliglit, leaving a hereavcd family to mourn
the liiss of a linsldind and father, wh(l^e lovinir
kindness will never lie fcirgntteii, and ii country
til cherish the memory of this truly ij;reftt and

— ^^^:m¥^

S. SII.VKU. a vencrulile citizen of Port-
laud, and nil Oregon pioneer of ISoO,
\<* was born in Nov'li Hend, Hamilton
c.o'iiity, Ohio, Noveniher 4, 181-t.

His parents, James T. and Elizabeth (Tluiiiip-
eoii) Silver, were natives of I'ennsylvania and
New dersey respectively. They eiiiiirrated to
Hamilton county in ISO-t, (iciiend Williairi
Henry Harrison lieinj:; among the same emi-
gration. Mr. Silver followed funning and was
t-nbsequently ele 'ted Associate Judge, which
oHice he filled at Cincinnati for several years,
until his death in J82o. He and his wife were
the pireiit> of twelve children and at this date
(I8!t2) C. S. Silver is tlie only survivor of the
family.

The subject of onr sketch received his edu
cation at North Bend, and at the age of sixteen
was apprenticed in Cincinnati to learn the trade
of carjienter and j'^iuer, which he accomplished
after tour years of service. He then located at
l'"ort Wayne, Indiana, and followed his trade.
He was married in 18;iS, to Miss Sarah I''air-
tield, a native of Maine. He remained in Fort
Wayne until ISoO, when, with his wife and two
eliihlreu, he starlcd for the new eonntr\ of
Oreguii, giiing lii>t to (>iiiciniiati and lioin
there by river to St. l,ouis. At St. Louis l.e

](urcliased two horses, two mules, u "prairie
schooner "' and the necessary outfit, and shipped
all to St. Joseph, Missouri. On the 22d of
May, 1850, they started from that point on
their long journey across the jilains. They
joined a small coiiipauy of about ten wagons
anil traveled by the guidebook of General
Palmer, which so located can)])ing groiiiid.s,
watercourses and distances that little tiouble
was experienced. The loss of a child, three
years old, by measles wa.'j the one great sadness
to ^^r. and Mrs. Silver on this trip across the
plains. Arriving at the Dalles on the 25tli of
September, they left the wagons and the family
car.ie to Portland by water, while Mr. Silver
brought the teams down by the old pack trail.
Ho arrived in I'ortland October 5, 1850. They
found few comforts or conveniences for house-
keeping, and began boarding at ^H per week,
furnishing their own bedding and sleeping upon
the tloor. They soon secured one room in a
two-room house and began housekeeping, using
the sheet-iron stove aiul tin dishes they brought
across the plains, and cooking out-of-doors be-
tween showers. The rains were so incessant
they thought it would ne\er clear up. Mr. Sil-
ver made a table and bedstead and soon gathered
up a few necessities, though no luxuries. In
the spring of 1851 he brought his wagon fro:ii
the Dalles, and, with a partner, purchased two
loads of miners' supplies and started for the
Rogue river mines; but finding the roads heavy
and streams full, they traded their supplies for
a band of thirty cattle and returned to Portland
and engaged in butchering, wliicli they followed
about one year. They then began buying live-
stock and slii))ping to California, which busi-
ness they profitably continued one year, hogs
selling at thirty-five cents per pound gross
weight.

In 185B Mr. Silver took up a donation claim
in Washington county, 640 acres, chiefiy graz-
ing land, fenced in 400 acri;s. and engaged in
the stock business, keeping horses, cattle and
sheep. He remained there until 18(50, when
he returned to Portland and, after a trip to the
Ori^fina mines in Idaho, formed a partnership
with William I'ain in the mercantile business.
In 1867 he purchased Mr. Fain's interest in
the establishnu'iit, and c Incted the same suc-
cessfully until the great fire of lH7;i. when he
was burned out and siiH'ered so lieav\ a loss
that he gave up business. Since then he Ims
been engaged in speculating and newsjmper

» .

IIjA

:■!■ t

iiisToin OF n/iKinty.

I .'!!

work, l)i!iii<i; connecteil with the I'ortimid
Weekly Times, Daily KxamiiR'i'. iiml Dispiitcli.
Ill 181)3 Mr. Silver was ap|)()iiite(l tidmiiiistrator
of the Fiiiice (3arriitliers' estate (the (imiatioii
chiiiri a'ijoiiiiiiif I'ortlanii), which he siiccesn-
t'ully tiettleii and tiirtu-d over to the eoiirt. In
ISliT he was elected ( 'uiinty ('oiiuiiissioner by
tlie liepnliliean party, aiul !-erved one term.

Mr. SilviM' has owiieil consideraUle vah.able
property in Kast I'ortland and near ISakor City
and in Claekanias connty, wiiicii he has recently
sold, lie and his wife reside at (185 South
Third stn^et, Portland, whiM-e ho iinilt his cot-
tage home in 1880. They iiave no fhiUiren ;
the cliild they lirouffht witii tlis'in aiToss the
i)l;iins haviiia died in 18()5. They ('elehrated
th -ir ijoklei! weddiniij in 1888, and now after
more than titty years of happy married life are
still eiijoyinij each other's society in quiet con-
tentment, surrounded by all the comforts of
life.

III. MAUTIN (ilKSV, a jiromineiit physi-
I cian and drugijist of Aurora, Marion
^^^ county, Oregon, came to Washington Ter-
ritory in the year 1855. He was horn in liie
St.ite of Pennsylvania, January 15, 1834, and
is of Swiss ancestry. His parents were farm-
ers of a canton in Switzerland, and on coming
to America, settled in Pennsylvania. In 1855
they came to Washington Territory, where the
father died in 18(50, in the seventieth year of
his age. His wife survived him several years.
They had a family of fourteen children, and
eight are yet living. The Doctor was their
third chilli and was in his twenty-first year
when he came to Washington and secured a
donation claim.

After his arrival at Aurora our subject ;ead
medicine with Dr. Keil, the founder ■/( the
town, and practiced with him for seven years.
Later he took a, medical course at the W'ilani-
ettc University and graduated in 1868, and
then returned to his practice in Aurora, where
he has remained ever since. In 1870, in con-
nection with liis practice, he r pened a drug
stor(> and has been in snccesst'iil practice and
(uiirfiged in a good business ever since.

The drug store building, wiiich the Doctor
now owns, was built by the colony in 186!). In
1880, when the colony broke up, tlie Doctor
pnrchaiod the store and he now also owns 700

acres of land in Clackamas and Marion counties
and also lands in Kast Portland, and besides
this has surplus cash, which he loans for the ac-
commodation (d' others.

The marriage of our subject took place Se])-
tcinber 8, ls70, to .Mis^ .M. Miller, a native of
the State of Ohio, horn duly I, 1840. and the
daughter of Samuel Miller. Dr. and Mrs.
(tiesy have bad a family of seven chihlien,
linlius M., residing at home engaged in hop
raising; Alfred A., died in his si.vtii year; I'en-
j,imiu !•'. is at sidiool; .lames N.. died in his
third year; Lilly M., died in her fourth month;
Ida Sarah and (irover Cleveland are at home.

The Doctor is a member of the State .Med-
ical Association. In politics he is u Democrat
and is a member of the Masonic fraleriiity, and
is well and widely known.

KVWOOD nROTHKIlS& Co., mannfac-
i tiirers of chairs, chair rattan cane, reed
•^.l furniture and ciiildreuV carriages, arc the
most extensive manufacturers in this line in the
Tnited States, having factories at Garden, Mas-
sachusetts, Chicago, Illinois, and at San Fran-
cisco, with branch otlices in Xew Vork, iJalti-
more, Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, Los
Angeles, Portland and Philadelphia. The
Portland house was opened in 1884 by the
present manager, Mr. 1>. F. llayden. The
business is exchisi\ely wholesale and the goods
are sold extensively all over the -Northwest.
They have a line store, corner of Oak and Fifth
stieets, 100 .s 100 feet and four stories high and
a basement. There is nothing in the line of
chairs but what they manufacture. Since com-
ing to Portlrnd Mr. llayden has proved himself
a business man of thorough aliility and has
made many friends, both in Portland mid wliei'-
ever this business extends. He is a native of
Ilochester, New Vork. horn April 30, 1838.
His father, Allen llayden, of New Vork is of
English ancesiry, who settled early in .\merica.
The grandfather of our subject participated in
tlie war for indc)iendence. The son, Allen
llayden, married !>etsy <»il...on, of V^ermonl.

Mr. P. F. llayilen was the youngest of a fam-
ily of nine children. He was educated in Os-
wego, New York, and also at liochester. He
learned the upholstors' trade. In the spring of
1861, when President Lincoln made his tirst

:: R'

iJ' :

'!•;

IP :1

4:ll»

llisrOliY ()/<' UliKddN.

cull I'oi- 7u,()(l() til '11, Mr. Ilavdcii enlisted in
('(iiii|iitMV K. Jliiilfciitli New Vdik V'dluntfiT
hiliinti-N iiiul !-civi(l with tliu iViiiiv nl' tlie I'o-
tniiiiic. wiih in tlic tir;-t liattic of linll IJiin anil
uiis alttrwiii'd tianslVrred to the Thirty-tliird
N(!\v Viiil< and K('i'\t'<l with them until Ik^ l)e-
ciuni' di^alili'd and was ditiidiarfrcd on a(U'onnt
of that disaliilitv. Ilo went out as Fourth Ser-
j^iHiit in the Thirteenth and was afterward
rran>-feried to the 'riiirtv-lhird, and was j}roin()-
led to Seeond iSenreant. When he recovered his
liealth he enoajrcd in surveyiiif^ for the Pacific
railroad, ile then eaine to San i'raneiseo and
wa> with the tiiin of V. S. Chadiiourii & Co.
for seven years, and in 1880 he liecanie con-
nected with the lieywood Urothers in the San
I'laiicisco house and after four years with them
wa.s sent to I'ortland to o])en and inanaf^e this
.'stahlitihrnent. .Mi'. Ilayden is n ineinher of
;lie Ct. a. R.. (Jeorj^'c Wri^dit i'oet. Ile is a
nu'iiilier of the athletic cinii of the city and of
the driving assoeiation. lie is a iior.se fancier
and takes |)leasurc in that kind of sport. His
political views are Republican. In hnsiness
matters he is full of enterprises and takes an
interest in the jrrowtli and developineiit of the

city.

[AMKS iM. VANDUYjN, thejunior nieniher
(d' the pioneer mercantile tirin of Shelley ii
VMiuliiyii, of Independence, is a native son
of ( )rei;on, horn in I'olk enunty, .Ajiril 14.18u(i.
11 is ancestors were Hollanders. His father,
Isaac Vanduyn, was horn in New Jersey, in
181(1, ami vIkui hut a i)oy removed to Illinois,
from there to Indiana and timilly to j\Iissouri,
and in 185i{ crossed the plains, with ox teams to
Oreif<in. lie had married in Illinois and the
iady (d' his choice was Miss Sarah Allies, a na-
tive of Kentucky, Si,\ idiildren '.ere horn to
i/iein hefore they made their adventuresome trip
c.) Orcfjon. five of whom were sons and one
/I dtiuifhtei'. These children all (^ame along with
the parents to Orej/en. The journey was a sale
one. When Mr. Vanduyn landed iii Orei/on he
was a poor man, liut he located on (itO acres of
hind, a donation claim, in Kane county. Here
he jmjcecded to erect the historic log cahin and
he;;an pioneer life with little else hesides honest
industry, his wife arid six children. Fortunately
he hetran raising; stock and shifipintr it lo tl'*'
mints and was so successful that he has con-
tinued ill the hnsiness for the greater portion of

his life. He has added to his possessions until
he is the owner (d' 1,KH) acres of valuable land
and is one of the siicci'ssful capitalists of Ore-
gon, during the early days in Oregon Mr.
Vanduyn and his good wife were noted for their
kindness and hospitality to all the emigrants
and all who were in need, dnne 12, 1885, Mr.
Vanduyn lost this faithful helpinate,-but he is
still living, in his eighty-secoiul year. Although
this hoiioretl pioneer has overstepped the con-
tines of three score and ten, he is in the enjoy-
ment of good health, sound eyesight and still
takes an active interest in all the public affairs of
the day. He has won and retained the respect
and esteem of all who know hiin, by his sterling
honesty and thrift.

The son of this good man, James, is the sub-
ject of this sketch, and was educated in the State
University and began his active business career
in his native county. In 1873 he came to Inde-
pendence and occupied the position of clerk in
liis brother Isaac's store. Afier this he engaged
in business in eastern Oregon, on his own ac-
count for four years, and in the year 1887 re-
tired to Independence ami bought out Mr. Shel-
ley's partner, the tirni since then being Shelley
& Vandnyn. These gentlemen are both pos-
.sessed of line business ability and their longex-
perit .e in their calling renders them efficient
and (lopular merchants. The management of
the firm is so perfect that they are the leading
mercantile firm of its kind in the entire county.
I\[r. \'andiiyn was married in 1885, to Miss
Zeiia McCorkle. a native of Linn county, Ore-
gon, born June 8, 18fiU. Their union has been
blessed with one child, that it was their misfor-
tune to lose. Mr. Vanduyn is a member of the
I. O. O. F. in politics he is a Kopublican and
occupies a very prominent jiart in the local
affairs of Inde|iendence, the city of his choice.
Mr. \'auduvii has devoted his time and atten-
tion to his business and the success he has at-
tained in it has ainpiv re|)aid him. He is a man
who has gained the respect and esteem of the
entire community and all unite in declaring that
the prosperity he now enjoys is the just reward
of a well-spent life.
i

fUjlOH AEL WliEN is one of the few men
/It now living, who came to Oregon in 1841'
' ~36v lie was boriiflnne 51,824,iii Winnijieg
I Canada, when it was yet a very small village

I- '}

■u,

m .;; 5

mSTOItr OF OHKdOS.

His Ciitliur, Micliiit-1 Wruri, was ii imtivc of Swit-
/.I'rhimi, ami died ulieii liis son, our subject, was
only tliree year.- ot agi'. Tlic mutlicr ot Hur su!)-
ject, tlircu yours after tlie dcatli of Ills fatiii.'r,
married Horatio Nelson Caiilder. Wiieii Mr.
Wren was sixteen years old they eanie to Ore
}T()ii, with ox teams and eart. A brother and sis-
ter of Mr. Wren's also eamewith them, hut both
are now deceased. Tlie family spent two years
on the Sound, but in 184:3 came to the place now
occupied by Mr. Wren. The dis|)ute of the
ownership of the country was tiien in full sway
and very few people were in the State, except a
few trappers, so Mr. Wren ami his mother had a
wide territory to choose from. On the land they
selected they built a loif cabin and were amonjj
tite earliest settlersof Washinirton county. They
eniraoed in farminffaud stock-raisinj^ and what
produce they could j^et to grow was exchauifed
tor sueli supplies as they were in need of, from
the Hudson's I5ay ('om])any. About twice a year
they went to Vancoiiver for sup|)lies. At that
time Dr. Mcljanghlin was at Vancouver as agent
for the Hudson's iJay Fur Company and pur-
chased all produce.

The stepfather of our subject took an early
interest in the affairs of the county, attended the
first mectinirs of the emij;rants and acted with
them. Ho died in 1885, in his seventy-eitrhth
year, but his wife survived him a year aiul then
died, aged seventy-five. Six cliildren were born
to thoin in Oregon, and all of tliein are now dead
but one.

In 1838 Mr. Wren began life for himself.
His first step in that direction was in the em-
ploy" of the Hudson's Bay Company, where lie
worked for wages. He was then engaged by
them in packing produce to the Sound. When
the donation bind law was passed he took up a
donation claim, in 184(i, near his mother's land.
He drove stakes around it to inark it off and
soon had a cliatice to sell it for $75. All this
tiirio he was saving his money, so that he was
able to purchase the right to land on which he
now resides, paying 8750 for it, cash down. On
this land he hei'ttn to' raisi- . ank, was very suc-
cessful and no- has 600 acres. Mr. Wren has
been very successful in raising Clydesdale and
Percheron horses '.ud Shorthorn cuttle.

In 184t) he mnrried Miss Christinnn Monroe,

born at Hudson's l-iay in 1829, daughter of David

Monroe, a Seotchniau ami prominent pioneer of

• Orea.ai, who settled near Mr. Wren's )»roperty

in VVaahingtion conntjr.

In September, 1848, he started for the gold
ini?ies of { 'alifoinia, but .lever expected tore-
turn, as he was (|nite sick when he left home.
('onse(jueutly he couM not ilo luiy good for him-
self, as he could not work, and hail to 'euve tor
home as soon as spring came. So in March,
1849, he returned to Oregon. In Septendier,
the same year (1849), having recovered his
health, he again went to the mines, overland
with pack horses and returned by water in tlie
springof 1850; and again, in lS52, he once more
ti-ied his luck in the mines of California, but
with no better success than his previous vent-
ures, this being his last experience in the min-
ing business.

Mr. and Mrs. Wren have had ten child "en,
one of whom died in infancy and another, Tilda,
died in her eleventh year. The remainder are
as follows: C. D., a resident of Washington
Stills-; Nellie, now wife oftieorge Keyuolds and
resides in Troutdale, ( )regon ; ( 'atherine is single
and at home; Mary, married Charles Newell and
resides in Washington; Lillie is the wife of
Samuel Moon and resides near her father;
Emma is the wife of James E. Wilson; l.ula,
is now Mrs. Charles Williamson and resides in
Portland; and Annie is at home with her parents.

Mr. Wren is a member of the I. O. < ). 1"'. and
in ])olitics is a Ilepublican. On account of his
industry and strict attendance to duty, Mr. Wren
has now a very valuable farm. He is thoroughly
informed as to the progress of the country.
When both Oretjon and Washincton were still
Territories, Mr. Wren ti'aversed them from one
end to the other and can now aiijireciate the
wonderful development of tlie c. ■initry. H<' fully
believes that Washington ccitiiy and the entire
Willamette valley has a glol'i■,lU^' future before
them and in time they will be thickly |)0|)ulated
with the most prosperous people in the entire
world.

^t0^-^

r.ARTON PKUvEL, M. D., a prominent
physician ot Medf(U'd, Oregon, was born
__ ' * in Monroe county, east Tennessee, Sep-
temb'r 17, 1801. He was tlu* son of I'reneh
and Mary H. (Matheny) I'ickel. The former
was a native of Virginia, of German (h^scent
and came to Oregon and located in .Medford,
May, 1888. He died Moveniber 2('), 1890. His
mother was a native of Tennessee!, of English
extraction. Her ]K'oplc were early pioneers of

4:ia

lll.\T(iny Oh' lU!El!(tS.

■ \ A

ilii f

'I'UDIH'BHUC. The filUlily (!()ll8i^t(Hl (if tLMl cliil-

(IrtMi. v.. liurtdii I'ickel licinj,' flu; ninth cliilil.

At the cld^c lit' the wur tlie family rtniuMMl
ti) tiie State (if (ieiiifria, im'ating at Athent;, Imt
iillci' one year rctnrncil to t'a>t Tennessee in
Itoane eonnty. K. Haiton atteiuled the tiraiit
Memorial I'niversitv at A theiin, Tennessee, and
eonipleteil iiis course in 18S0. He hegan tlie
Btiiily of jiieilicine iit Itockwood, Tennecsee, in
l>S8i5, witii I)r. .1. K. (ieor^e, an eminent ])hvsi-
eian of the cihi sehool. He took his first course
of lectnres in 'he medical dejiarlmcnt of tiie
linivcrsity of i,onis\ ille, Kentnuky. in 1SS5. lie
practiced medicine two years in Roane connty,
renncssee, after svhiidi he ajjain returned to
Louisville, and there frradnated in nn-dieine and
surgery, in the class of \W1 and 1888.

tie came to Medfor<l in the same year, ami
Inis since enjoyed a good jiractice. Tiie Doctor
is a man who always kecjis ahreast of tlie timet',
as is manifested hy the number of medical
jonrmils to he found on the lahles in liis office.
Although comparatively a new arrival at ^led-
ford, he lias already gaiiUHJ for himself a repn-
tiitioii in tlie community, not only as a skillful
physician, Init aUo as a progressive and proini-
ueiil citizen.

lie is a niemher of the State Medical Society,
also Secretary of the Medical Society of Sontli-
Oregon, organized. May 10, 18'J2. lie is Ciiair-
iiian of the (Jity Hoard of Health, and was
elected to the City Council in 1892. Tlu* Doctor
takes no active ])art in political parties, but is
])roniiuently identitied with the orders V. ik A.
M. and 1. (). (). F., and (,'amp degree of the last
naimd (U-der. lie has jiassed all the official
chairs in the Subordinate Lodge, 1. (). (). F.

He was married in Loudon county, Tennes-
seee. May 14, 1885, to Miss Mattie E. De
La!-liniuti, also a native of Tenriessee. They
have no laiuily.

^•ae^

fS. HULl.N, one of tlie successful busintiss
men of Ashland, was horn in Lane county,
* < ►regon, February 21, 185(3, a son of
L'--ter Huliii, a pioneer of the pioneers. He i>
a n itive of \ew Vork State, ami descends from
one of the (dd ami intlnentiai families of the
Empire State, His father, I'eter Hiiliti, was a
patriot siddier in the war of 1812. Lester Ilulin
crossed the jjlains to Oregon in 1847. and took
up fJovernmenl land near the city of Eugene,

in 1850, which he still owns. He was married
in this State to Miss Abegail d. Craig, a native
of Micdilgan, but who came to Oregon, via I'U'
nama, in iSoS. They still reside in Kngenu
City.

The sniiject of this sketch, tliy eldest of si.\
children, four now living, was reared to farm
life, and was educated in the district schools of
liis native county until eighteen years of age,
when he attended tlie uiiiv(>isity at Salem, and
com|)leted his course in 1875. He ne.\t located
at (^orvallis, where lie engiged in the grocery
business five years. In the hill of 1886 Mr. and
Mrs. Hulin removed to Los Angeles county,
Calit'ornia, making the entire trip by team.
Eigteen inoiitiis later they rc^tiirned to Oregon,
again by ti-am. While a resident of the former
city our subject was engaged in teaming, but
soon after returning to this Slate he began
tanning and raising general garden produce.
He is now located within the city limits, has
thirteen acres in grain, seven acres in vegetables,
and pr(diably furnishes more garden produce to
the local trade than any other one gardener.
His trade, in fact, is largely local, although be
ships late jiroductions. celery, etc., both north
and south. In addition to this, Mr. Hulin also
raises fruit, having five acres adjoining the town,
wdiicli he will eventually have set to fruit trees.
He now has two .acres of this land already
planted, consisting of peach, apple, plum and
pear trees. The orchard, although young, is
iiearing fruit.

Our subject was married in Multnomah
county. Oregon, March 14, 1878, to Miss Mary
Albright, a native of this State, and a daughter
of Edward Albright. The latter removed to
California in 1850, and two years later located
in Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Hulin have two bright
children: Leonora A. and Nelson C. Our sub-
ject is one of Ashland's lionc>t, hard-working
citizens. On account of family sickness he has
had many reverses, but he started again at the
foot of tin? ladder, dctermineil to rea<di the aver-
age round with his neighbor, and in this he
has the aid and encouriVgement of his thrifty
helpmate.

<H^-^J> 'p-^ -.C~; »

|P^ B. (!ARTEK.- For eleven years H. P..
STM] (Jarter & Sons tilled the offices of presi-
»^/' (lent and cashier of the F'irst National
Mank of Elkadcr. Iowa; each year elected with-
out a dissenting vote. In Jii'y. 1889, they sold

UlSroKY OF OUKdON.

4a!t

their stock kikI resigiiuil tlicir positions, to seek
a more aeiiinl dime. In Dcciiiiiiiei' of the t^iinie
yeiir 11. I!. (lurter !iiTani.;eci with some of the
leailiii"^ hiisinefs men of .\,shlanii, Orej,'oii, to
e8tiil)lirih tile Hank of Aslilaiid, eacli party to
fnriiish one-half of tlie nquireii capital. The
bank wan orj^anized in Keliruarv, 1^84, witli
W. H. Atkinson, president; J. M. MeCall,
vice-president; and h. \^ ('arter, cashier. The
hoard of directors were: W. II. Atkinson, E.
V. Carter, J. M. MeCall, A. L. Hammond and
Thomas Smith. They commenced husinesti May
7, 1884, with a paid'-np capital of 850,0()(), and
occupied their new hank hiiildinfr the followinir
Noveniher. In Jnly, 1889, the capital stock
was increased to $100,000, paid in fidl, and with
W. 11. Atkinson, president; F. II. Carter, vice-
president; E. V. Carter, cashier. The directors
are: W. II. Atkinson, II. H. Carter, 1). U.
Mills, n. Ammerman and F. H. Carter. The
hank has frjven all practicable facilities to the
business of Ashland and vicinity, while its man
agenient has been eminently conservative. No
bad debt has been charged to profit and loss,
and its expenses and regular dividends have been
moderate.

In 1888 Mr. Carter located at Ashland, Ore-
gon, and since that time has been prominently
identified with its growth and prosperity. lie
was the chief promoter in the establishing of
the Ashland Ellectric Power & Light Company,
which was organized November 21, 1888, with
a ])aid-iip capital of $15,000. The officers of
the company are: II. 11. Carter, president; F.
Roper, vice-president; I'l V. Carter, treasurer;
and F. II. Carter, secretary. The directors
are: II. 15. Carter, F. Roper," J. M. MeCall, P.
Dunn, D. R. Mills, S. B. Galey and Jacob
Thompson. Ashland can boast of the finest
electric light system of any town in the State.
Mr. Carter is well pleased with his mountain
home, and has great faith in its future advance-
ment. A few lines of his parody on Beautiful
Venice, may illustrate his views:

THK IIKIOE OF THE MOUNrAINS.

Home of my choice cosy retreat,

From torture of winter aud tiopioal heat,

Where blizzards do more can sliHe my breath,

Nor cyclones can revel in harvest of death.

The air is all mildness, breezes caressing,

All nature is lovely, life is a blessing.

My home's in the valley, at times it shall be

A tent 'mong the mountains, .so wild and so free

Even a bride smile.t (bronuh her tears;

.A.nd HouiPlime.-. our valley iinili' (jismiil appears,

When snows ol llie luoiintuin inlrude on tin- plain.

Or all seems half drowned in a deluge of rain.

Ibit even the slornis are ileenied no inlriHioii.

For lliey liriiiL' llowers am! fruit m iirofiision

I have known iiiany hor.ies, no desert for me.

My home 'mong the rainbi/ws and sunshine sh ill lie.

All llial's iovely in life, or deuihless in song.
Oio- i-liar.ued mniiitain Vale lo lliy region Ipeloiig.
1 liave known many liomcs. and cherish llie p.isl.
But Hml among the mourUains c iiitealmenl al last.

---^€®:ii!^-^

fAMES DALCITY. president of th(> Scan
dinavian Packing (!oinpany, is a native of
Scotland, and for forty years has bei'ii
closely connected with canning interest.s. Ills
experience began in Aberdeen, Scidlaud. in
1852, with IJickso!!. Hogarth & Co , who were
among the tirst to jiack in tin, and who snbse-
ipiently invented the '• retort," which is now of
general use in all packing establishments. Our
subject remained with the above firm for seven-
teen years, and during that time passed si,\
years at Ueadford. England, in the establish-
ment of Dickson, Hogarth & Co., engaged in
packing meats for the English <ioveriiment. In
18*38 he went to tjneenslaiid, Australia, t'nr the
same firm, and engaged in the picking of beef
and mutton for a period of throe years, when
the firm retired from business. Mr. Dalgity
then returned to Aberdeen aud engaged with
the celebrated packing establishmotit of Mar-
shall ix. Co., remaining until 1871). when he
came to Westport, Oregon, as siiporintendent of
the canning departinont of .lolin West, a promi-
nent packer of that town. In 1S77 Mr. Dalgity
engaged with M. ,1. Kinney, as manager and
preserver of his cannery, and during the season
put up 52,000 cases of salmon, at tliat time the
largest one pack made on the river by any one
house. In 1878 he was employed by the Eagle
Cannery Ompany; in 1879 by the Fishermen's
Packing ('ompany, and in 1880 he was one of
the organizers of the Scandinavian Packing
Company, the shareholders being fishermen,
and the cannery was established upon the co-
operative plan, Gue Holmes being elected [ifesi-
deiit, and Mr. Dalgity foreman and preserver.
After the incorporation they purchased the can-
nery of Watson P>ros., called Tongue I'oint
Cannery, and conducted a successful business

4:I4

JIISTOUY OF OUSaON.

until ISSS. wlu'ii tlicy (mji (.(jliiliitcfl with the
|•'i^■llt■l iiiciiV I'liclsliij; l,'oiii|iiiMy, iiikI coiitimiLd
iiiiiici' tlic ririjriiiiil iiaiiio. Our siiliject wiis
»;lccteil |)it'Bl(li!rif of the new <M)in|)aiiy, «ik1 aluo
coiitiiiiiiMl ill Ills |iiisitl(iii (if riii'L'iiiHii liiul pre-
w^iviT, in III! tlircc (if wliirli iidnitiuns he utill
iTiiiiiins. 'I'lify iiiii'k uniiniill}' aiiont 25, ()()()
I'lihcH, anil tlicif c^noilr- htand anioni; tliu tirht in
tlii^ inaiki'tM III' Aiijciifa and I'Jiirlaiiil. Almut
8(10 lianiis ai'(^ iMii]il(iyt!(l in litiliiiiir and about
the ciinni'i'y, the Huh bcinij eliietly caiij^iit with
^ill iii'tH. In additiiin to iiin interests in this
canncr}', he is iMinnected witli the ('hiffnik J'ay
Cannery at Ahiska, and in the Alaska Packing
(iiiiipany at l)ri>t(il 1' , in tlie cajiacity of
stdckhtijder in eacdi case. Hiitii eanneries have
1111 iiiiniial iint|iut of 2o,{)0() cases.

Onr subject wae married in Scotland in 1854,
to Miss Ann Aiild, and they have had six chil-
dren, two sons and four dauj^diters. Mr. Daijrity
atHliates with the K. of P. As a pre^^erver and
packer of tisli, llcsh or fowl, Mr. Dalgity stand '
unrivaled on the Pacific coast.

jNDUKW ■;. CllKiLKK, of rmatilla
county, OrciTon, and one of the pioneers
of the coast country, was born in Madison
county. V^irginia, on the Uoiieson river, near
('I'igliM-sville, .laniiary 1, 1832. When two
years old his fatiier took him and the others of
the family to Boone county, Kentucky. His
father was Jonas Crigler, a native of Virginia;
and his mother was Lucy V. (Finks) Crigler, a
native of the same State. The removal to
Hoone county, Kentucky, occurred in 1834,
two years hit^r the family going to Monroe
county. Missouri, where the father bought land
on Salt river, near Floriila, and lived there until
his death in 1862, at the age of sixty-three
years, liis wife passing away seven years after,
at the age of si.\ty-one years. They were the
parents of eight children: William, Jefferson,
Ileiiry. John, our subject, Franklin, Thomas
and Mary.

Andrew J. Crigler received a common-school
training, in a log liouse in Monroe county, Mis-
souri, and lived with his parents until twenty
years of age, being fnll of energy and work,
which were sIkiwii in hard labor upon the farm.
At the age named he engaged with a Dr. (ilenn
to assist in drivinj; 500 head of cattle and a

number of horses across the plains to California,
this journey being from the iMissouri to the
Sacramento river, and occiijiying six months'
time. lie received no pay for the time taken
for the journey, having to be content with the
jiayinent of his ex[)ensc8 by the doctor. Tho
jmrty was attacked several times by the Indians,
liut none of the men lost their lives. The cat-
tle were not so fortunate, several of them havini'
been picked oti' by the redskins.

Ueacliing the mines of California, our sub-
ject, being without money, liired out upon a
wheat farm, until having accunnilated sonm
cash, he went to work at gold digging on Mur-
derers' bar, American river, being very fortu-
nate, sometimes getting as much as ^S5() a day.
After two years, having got together ijuite a
sum of money, the longings fur the old home
were so strong that ho took jiassage on a steamer
and returned by way of the Isthmus. Taking
in his old birthplace for a little while, he then
visited Missouri, and after a short stay there
again crossed the ))lains in 1859. taking with
him stock of his own, which he traded off after
his arrival in California. On entering Cali-
fornia he settled on a farm in Sutter county,
five miles west of (Jencral Sutter's farm, be-
ginning o[)eration9 as a fanner with a yoke of
cattle. Here he remained eight years, then re-
moved fifteen miles to Vnba City, and was still
a resident of that city during the tlood of 18GI-
T>2. After this ho again turned his face east-
ward, going by the way of the Isthmus. Reach-
ing Missouri, he remained there for some time,
trading in cattle, (ioing to Texas, he bought a
lot of cattle and mules, which he drove north,
and then, in company with Robert Anderson,
an old friend, he went a third time to California,
making his homeward journey as on the two
previous occasions. He reached Missouri in
18t]5, and started in the mercantile business,
locating a new town, Johnson City, in St. Clair
county, Missouri, fourteen miles west of Osceola,
and east of Taberville. He tluMi moved to
Monagan. where he was appointed Postiiiaster.
Here he continued to live for iive years, when
the California fever again attacked him, so he
sold out and went over the plains a fourth time;
not, however, before taking a life partner, his
choice being Miss Mai-y II., daughter of Joseph
and Martha Ilerndon, all natives of Kentucky,
who removed to Missouri when Mrs. Crigler
was quite young. The marriage took place in
18t!9, and the trans-continental trip in 1871,

If
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i,.n :;.»

lIIHrOHY OF OliKOON.

4.S5

Ilia wife accoin|)iinyiiip liim. They went to
wlint wiirt then \Viisliiii<^t()ii 'IV'rritory, on the
(Jowlitz river, ^toppiiii^ for ii sliort time iit
Olyinpia, — jtitit tiiifi' wci^ks, and |)rocM'(!(le(l to
< )regon, iavinfi; over iit <) region ('ity. The one
great cry tiieii was '•eurttern Oreiron'"; so he
iriaiie iiin way to Umatilla county, where" he was
engage*! in raising sheej) tor seven yeiirs.

Mr. (Irigler t(jok up land in the latter place,
near Athena, where he made him a farm. lie
MOW owns 320 acres of as fine land as there is
ill the county; al.-^o forty acres three miles north
of Milton, in the liesr part of the Walla Walla
valley, seven miles from Walla Walla city,
which he has improved atnl set to fruit for his
liome, still operating his farm and keeping his
ranch upon his farm near Athena. Here he
raises the iinest herries and fruit generally that
can he found anywhere; als(» cherries and pears.

Mr. and Mrs. (Jrigler have had seven chil
<iren horn to them, viz : Kreiich, a young man
of twenty-two, having charge ot his father's
hor.-es, 150 in all; Luhi May, a sweet young
woman, who died at the age of sixteen; Mattie,
Josie, Delia, Samuel and Lena, all at i> 3ine.

Mr. Crigler is one of the very s^cce^ jful pio-
neers and miners of the coast. He is a memher
of Dolt Lodgo, No. 80, A. F. & A. M.. at Athe-
na. Politically, he is independent, hut was
originally a Democrat. For some time past he
lias heen a strong advocate of the People's
party, and hclieves that tiie laboring class
should manaije the affairs of the nation, instead
of a few capitalists.

(iIRAM A. STRAIGHT, a banner pioneer
of Oregon, his advent ontlie scene of this
glorious common wealth dating from 1844.
lie being one of the few now surviving, who
crossed the plains in that early day, was horn in
Washington county, New V'ork, March seventh,
1814.

His father, Elisha Straight, was also a native
of the Empire State, the ancestors of the fam-
ily having heen early .settlers of Massachusetts.
Klisha Straight was married in Washington
county, New York, to Mrs. Lydia Fanning, and
they had twelve children, ten of whom are now
living.

The subject of this sketch was next to the
oldest child, and was reared to manhood in his

native county. In ls;{S In- icimommI in ihc North
western Territory, which tlu.Mi ineliiilel Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, .Michlgiui, \Viscon,-.iM. mid in
fact all tcrritoit west of reini-ylvaiiia. Ilt^ lo
cated on the Mississipjii river, nut far Iroin where
liurllngton, Iowa, now stands, wlirre he settled
on a (iovernnient elaiiii. lie m.u-ried Miss
Susan Lasswell, a native of Ohio, and liiey con-
tinued to reside on this land until IS4iJ, when
they 8tarte(l with an ix team for Oregon. They
hail one child, Oyrus, then live years of age.

With his wife and little son, a cMvered wagon,
three yoke id' oxen, a gun, ammunition and some
thuir and batton, with a very little money, this
brave litth; company started on their long and
perilous journey across the dreary plains. A
stranger by the name of Ileiiiy Hunt propi)>eil
to accompimy them, and being fav()rat)ly im
presscni with his appearance, they coiisfnlcil.
lie |)urchase(l a set of sawmill irons, and they
secured another wagon and three uku'c yoke of
oxen, and startiMl on their long journey. They
came with a company which was commanded
by Jesse Applegate. Mr. Straight, his wife
and little boy occupied the wagon at night,
while the men slejit under the' wagon, orwliere-
ever they liked. They had a safe journey of
nine months, wlum they arrived at Fort Hall,
where some persons tried to convince them that
it would be impossible for them to continue
their journey with wagons. Dr. Whitman, who
was with the party, thereupon guaranteed that
they should make a successful |)assage through
tiie country by wagon, and accordingly the
company concluded to continue lui their w'liy.
They follnved the trails and side hills, and
wereobliged to dig and make roads wideenough
for their wagons, in order to keep them from
upsetting. They were thus niiich delayed, but
were enabled to get through in safety, theirs be-
ing the first wagon train that ever came to Ore-
gon, and the road which caused tlicni so much
labor served many emigrants who followed later.
The Indians had burned off all the grass, which
obliged the company to leave their stock in care
01 the Hudson's Bay Company, who agreed to
ca 2 for them through the winter for one dollar
a head. Arrived at Walla Walla, the company
obtained nails and whipsaws, with which to
make boats. At the cascades, the company
transferred their goods by land around the
rajiids, while the Indians ran their boats through
the cascades, both parties meeting at the Dalles,
where the supplies were packed into the boatS)

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nisTditv ot' oniiODS.

mil! tlic journey wiin iniiclt! hy wiitcr to tlii'

IMOIltll III tilt' Willllllli'ttt'.

At tlii~ |ioiiil Mr. Slriiii^lif iciiiaiiKMl for two
iiiotillii*, wlii'ii lu' ciiiMt! to ( »r(ooii City mid took

H (ioVtM'llintillt cIhIiII, Wllil'll WHH loClltCll II iiiilo

mill II liitir lieliiw tin' pri'fciit Hitu ol that city.
Tlic fiilluwiii^ Hjiriiii,' tilt! (•i)iii|miiy l)roii;{lit
tliclr Htorl< tliroiii,'li. At Ori'j^oii City tlicrc wiin
tlii'ii II M('tllolli^t Mi^MJoii miii till' II iiilson's Hay
('oiii|iiiiiy. Soiiif ot tlit'ir hiir)|ilii;n were lioiight
in ( )ii';ioii City anil f^oiiif lit VaiicoiivLT. They
liail, howcvi'i', Very littlti nioiiuy, mnl lived on
wliat they could kill iind the very eheapost faro.
Mr. Straight wore Iniukskiii (.'lothi's, and went for
two years witlioiit idioes. When he had, tiiially
gotten soiiK! land fenced in, he raised some vem't-
ahles, oats and hay, which were all destroyeil liy
the Clackamas Indians lettinj; their horses into
the crops at ni^lit, which they would caret'iilly
remove hel'ore daylight the next iiiorniiif^. These
Indians had ii village near his claim, and were
iniicli incensed at the white men for takiiii.' what
they considered were their lands. Oi.eday, si.xty
of their hraves came to Mr. Straight and demand-
ed of him |iay for their land, when he told them
the (iovernment would jiay them for it, hut he
had much dilHculty in making them understand
him. Some of the settlers paid tliein a little
for their land, while others did not. Althotigh
much oppre.ssed hy lack of iieatm and forced to
endure many hardships. .Mr. Straight showed
the traits of his New England ancestry, dis-
playing all the iVnglo-Sa.xon tenacity, for which
thev were famous. All olistacles served lint to
stimuliite him to new endeavors, (iiveii such
an indomitahlo will and perseverance, what could

Kissilily intervene between him and success?
othing, as his future history fully shows. Hy
intelligent mid persistent ell'ort, supplemented
hy the tertility of the virgin soil of this glorious
commonwealth he realized aliuiidant crops, and
accumulated a competence.

His ability, energy and progressive disposi-
tion, naturally made him a leader among his
I'ellow-ineii, by who he was elected to the Terri-
torial Legislature. In this capacity he did Jiis
toward framing wise laws for their guidance and
protection, and never lost an o|)poi'tiinity to sub-
serve the territory's best interests and aid in its
fullest development.

As time passed, and other settlers came into
the country he subdivided his claim, and the
village of I'ark Place is now located on part of
his property. The railroad station of Paper

Mill is also located on his land. He is one of
the largest lanih'd |iro|)ri('tors in the country,
all of his property being in a very desirable Hiid
valuable k'Catioii.

When became to Oregon, tlic present site of
I'orthind, that tliriving metropolis of 80,000 in-
habitants, was but a waving mass of tir trees,
which formed a dense forest on the banks of the
river, i'irds built their nests unmolested in
their gloomy solitudes, the ijuietness of wliicli
was only broken by their calls to their feathered
mates. The rude iiut of the Indian marked
the plain, where Imsy, bustling villages now
staiul. The limpid streams, for which this re-
gion is fiimons, were unriitHed, save by an oc-
casional conoe, guided by some dusky deiiizi'ii
of the forest. Now, steamboats, which are
moving palaces, jilow these waters, carrying on
their decks a swarming multitude. One chu
fairly envy Mr. Straight the privilege of wit-
nessing the wonderful traiisforinatioii of the
scene. Such an experience is ample comjKinsa-
tion for age. He is now seventy-nine years of
aire, of muscular build, erect bearinij, and ex-

r", ' o'

cellent health, with faculties as alert as in youth.

Tlu^ following is a brief account of the family
ol this worthy jiioneer: Cyrus, the oldest of the
family, has long been married and resides near
his father; Mary was> born at Kort Hall, on the
journey to Oregon, and has now grown to in-
teres.ting womanhood, and is the wife of Mr.
.lohn Casoii, living in the State of Washington;
Jane, a native of (iregonian, is the wife ot Air.
.lames Jiingliam, and resides in Clackamas
couiit>, this State; Hiram, lives in Oregon City;
he follows agricultural pursuits, and has inher-
ited much of the ability of his ancestors, he
has served in the Legislature, in which capacity
he distinguished himself for good judgment and
the highest integrity. John, the next son, is al-
so married, and resides with his family on his
father's original homestead, and his father lives
with him. Julia, the youngest, is the wife of
Isaac Frost, and lives in Cl.ickanias county.
Six children, thirty-four grandchildren, and one
great grandchild now live to bless Mr. Straight
in his declining years.

Mr. Straight's faithful wife and devoted
mother of this family died in 1886, in her
seventy-fifth year. For forty-nine years she
had known no interest except that of her hus-
band ami children. Forsaking parents, home
and friends, slie journeyed thousands of inilea
into a wild and cheerless country, exposed to

U I STORY (IF lUlKilOlf.

liiiril«lii|i!* ami ilimi.'i'r, wlu-ro the wciiry iiiuiiot-
iiiiv of lift; was iiiivarii'ii liy any of tliosi) miti-
^atiii^ iiithu'ii<'(*H wliicli civili/tation ami ucaltli
l)('>to\v. Tliiis (iitiiMli'd. hIu' f<illo\vu(l tlii^ jiatli
of iliity an sIk! (li.-ccriifil it, with iwiwavi'riii),; tiili'l-
ity anil nntlimrliin;; lirrnnoss, Sln^ raix'il a iariji'
family td rt'S|i(!ctal)li! nianliooil ami wonianliouil,
wild survive to l)l(!ss ht'i' .sainliMl nicnioiy.

Tliiis liavt^ wt< travfi'MMl witli Mr. Straio;lit
many weary inilcc and witncsstil his many liarii-
sliips, which he liaM itmlurcd with manly forti-
tude, comb-itting ditlicnltioH whieli hue^vt Ilia
path with dotermination, with his eyes fixed on
the goal of success, as the mariner looiis to the
gnidiii;; light of the ])olar star. Like tl: ■ mar-
iner, \\v has anchored in peaceful waters, where
his heart is (dieered liy the greetings of children
and friends, from whom he is never more to
roam ,

fON'UAD liOEI.LING.deceasod, wasnum-
liered among the Oregon pioneers of 1S47,
who left their Eastern homes of peace
inid plenty, to cross the inhospitable desert, and
ii.idst strange surroiindings and in an unde-
veloped country, to build np and reclaim the
land, ot' which the resoui'Les were but slightly
known, lie was born in llesbe-Cassel, (Jermany,
in 1803, his ancestry being lonj,' resident in that
locality, find engaged in agricultural pursuits.
In early manhood, Mr. IJoelliiig was apprenticed
to the trade of cabinet-maker, in which ho be-
came very proficient, and seeking a broader field
in which to follow his trade, he emigrated to
the United States in 1831, and going to I'liila-
ilelphia he found occnpation. After about tif-
teen months, lie removed to Cincinnati, and
there engaged in a manufactory of furniture,
finding a market in the Southern cities.

lie was married in 1838, to IMiss Pliilipoena
F. Veitli, a native of Rhine, Bavaria. He
changed his location to Peoria, Illinois, and
there continued in the manufacturing business,
when he sold out, and purchased a prairie, outfit
of two wagons and ten yokeof oxen, one spring
wagon, and two liorses, and with liis wife and
two children started for Oregon. In view of
future manufacturing, he brought with him a
set of i.-iill irons, for a water-power sawmill.
The tri]) was safely and successfully accom-
plished, and after seven months of travel they
landed at the Dallas. Cuttinj; down trees which

they sawed with a whip saw into lumber, Ihey
constriK'ted llat Ixiath, and upon them traveled
(o tile cascades, walking around the portiig(>,
while tlie Indians to(d< the boats over the rapids.
Again loading up, they sailed to Columbia
sliiiigh, and there built a log house, and there
jiasM'il the winter. In February, IMS, they
descended the riverto Astoria, thence to ^ onng's
river, where .Mr. Ilotlling passed the summer
ill getting out liimbiu' to build a sawmill. On
the discovery of gold in California, in l!S48,
there was a stampede for tiie mines, and in
th<! fall, Mr. Hoelling joined the number and
started overlaiul, with an o.\ wagon loaded
with i)acoii and siipjilies. The tires in smitherii
Oregon, slopped his progress, and compelled the
return of his team, but he continued on horse-
back and mined through the winter U|)on the
American and Feather rivers, Tliere was
plenty of gold, but provisions being so v(>ry
expensive, very little was saved, and in the sum-
mer of 1849 he returned to Oregon and to his
untinished mill, which he found had been de-
stroyed by the Indians, during his absence. He
then located in Astoria, and built a liottd, which
he operated until 18(il. He then built in the
woods, the home now occupied by his faniily, on
the corner of Astor and !>entoii streets, and they
settled therein. Purchasing a farm of 040
acres, on the Lewis and Clark rivers, Mr. IJoell-
ing engaged in fanning, which he followed up
to 1877, when he retired from active business,
and returning to Astoria, passe<l his closing
years, dying February, 1885, aged eighty-two
years. His widow, aged seventy years, and six
children still survive: Mina, wife of Moses
Uogers, deceased; Mary C, wife ot Captain
Flavel; Sophia, Eliza, Thomas and Voelmetoii.
Mr. Hoelling was vei'y active, and for fifteen
years served as County Treasurer, besides manv
years in local oltices connected with city affairs,
and was recognized as one of the steadfast, re-
presentative citizens of Astoria.

APTAIN 15. F. PACKARD, Pilot Com-
missioner at the port of Astoria, was born
in Rockland. Maine, in 1843. His parents,
Joseph and Sarah (Brewster) Packard, were na-
tives of the same State, and descended from
Puritan stock. The former was a follower of
the sea, sailing as master for a period of over

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33 WIST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716)872-4503

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UlSTOHY OF OREGON.

forty years. The last sliip he siiiled in, was
wrecked, heiiig struck l)y lightning. He then
r^^tired from sea lite, reinovintr his family, in
187'J, to Sara, Washiiiijton, where he located a
honiestend, and passed the cloRiiifi; years of his
lite in agricidtural pnratiits. His widow isstill
living, aged seventy-three years.

H. K. Packard passed his childhood in Maine,
until the agy of tit'teen years, when he went to
sea with his t'atiier, trading in the Atlantic and
all the Kuro|)ean ports. At the age of twenty-
seven, he hccaine triaster of the bark Mary M.
Bird, in which he ownrd an interest with A.
J. Hird vfe Company. He traded between I'ort-
land, Maine, and Huenes Ayres. South America,
carrying lumber out and wool and hides as a
return cargo. He was engaged in this trade for
eight years, and tlieti sailed in the West Indies'
trade, and at intervals was captain of the
schooners Clara Smith and William Wilson.
He sailed the sloop yacht Coynettc. owned by
Hird & Company, and ei ^aged in passenger serv-
ice between Rockland and Mount Desert.

Captain Packard was married, in Rockland
in 1H71, to Miss Emma C. Bird, a native of
Maine, daughter of A. .1. Bird. In 1879, Cap-
tain Packard and family moved to Sara, AVasli-
inglon, but after a few months, located in As-
toria and engaged in clerking for A. Van Dnsen,
the pioneer inercliant, and has continued in the
employ of his siiceessor, Mr. .1. H. Wyatt.

Mr. and Mrs. Packard have two children:
Reta B. and Hattie B. In March, 1891, the
Captain was appointed by (Tovernor S. Pennoyor,
a member of the Columbia River PiiOt Com-
missioners, associated with T. A. lialloran, and
Captain J. A. Brown ot Portland, and he is an
efficient and po|)ular officer, discharging^ his
duties in a very satisfactory manner.

VrilAN W. ALLEN.— There is perhaps no
name in Portland more familar to tlie
people of the Northwest, than that of
Ethan W. Allen, the subject of this sketth. Mr.
Allen has been successful in biifii.iess cMiter-
prises, he has been ])articularly promiiieni in
issues of great public importance aside from
politics, and his cordial manner, while in con-
stant intercourse with the [)eople with whom '>e
lias been thrown in contact during his adminis-
tr ion of business atl'ttirs of a public nature, has

gained for him a legion of friends, to whom
this personal sketch will be of great interest.

Mr. Allen was born in Oswego, Kendall
county, Illinois, July 24, 1842. His father,
Colonel Varness V. Allen, and his mother,
Sophia Kellogg Allen, having made the journey
from New England to Illinois, several years pre-
vious to that date, with a team. In his new
home Colonel Allen became prominently identi-
tied with tlie horticultural development of the
new State, maintaining a prominent position as
such until the time of his death, in 1854. The
next year the widowed wife and mother, with
her two .sons, emigrated to Minnesota, in com-
pany with relatives. In Winona county, of that
State, a pre-emption claim was taken, and the
following years furnished a period of hard and
unremitting toil for the entire family. The
boys here showed the sturdy stock from which
they came, and their record on the farm, and in
whatever position they were called to o(^cupy,
showed the material of which they were made.
As in all new. countries, schools were scarce, but
nothing daunted, the boys took advantage of the
long winter evenings, and every moment that
could be spared from the hard labor incident to
the opening up of a new farm, was employed in
reading and studying the few books that thev
had brought to their new home and all that it
was possible for them to borrow in the neigh-
borhood; thus the lack of the proper school
facilities, was in a great measure, made up by
the earnest efforts which the boys made to im-
prove their minds by self-culture. In 18()1,
when President Lincoln made the call for 75,-
000 men to suppress the rebellion, the royal
blood which coursed through the veins of the
Allen boys impelle<l them at once to offer their
services to their country for enlistment in the
First Minnesota Volunteer Infantry. The
widowed mother, being in feeble health, thought
that she could not spare both of her boys, they
being her only stay and support, so Ethan, be-
ing the youngest, was elected to stay at home.
The bodily infirmity of theehior brotlier, caused
him to i)e rejected by the examining surgeon,
and as a consequence, when the second call for
voluntpors was made in 181)2, Ethan enlisted in
Company B, Seventh Minnesota Volunteer In-
fantry- in which company he served three years,
or until the close of the war. The regiment
was in eleven engagements, and altlioiigh private
Allen was found in his |)lace at the hea<l of the
company in the front rank, in all but one of these,

IIISTOUY OF OHEnoN.

480

lie was fbrtiiiiute eiioiijrli to ^o tlironirli all with-
out a sci'atuh. During his war service lie tilled
inaiiy important otHecs of trust, hy HpecinI de-
tail, and to this day shows with pride the letters
of coiiinienilation that he received from hiscom-
iiiandiiif^ (>ttioers for important duties assiirned
liim, faithfully disciiari;ed. In 18()-4 he was
ofl'ered the position of Adjutant of a colored regi-
ment, hut he declined the honor, jireferring to
remain in the ranks with the hoys with whom
he first enlisted. At the close of the war Mr.
Allen sold his interest in the old homestead
an<l took a course of study in Eastman's Com-
mercial Collefro, graduating from it in the fall
of 1K67. He then moved to Owatonna, Min-
nesota, and eiifjaged in the manufacture and
t^ale of farm machinery. In .hine, 1868. he was
married to Josephine J. Hlood, the youngest
daughter of Dr. Solomon I'lood, of the same
place, a prominent I'hysiciaii and Surgeon of the
IJniiin army. They have two children: Maud
M.. now in her third year in the Michigan Uni-
versity, at Ann Arbor; anil Ethan lioy, who is
now assisting his fatl-.er in the office of the (Ore-
gon State IJoard of Horticulture. Mrs. Allen
is a memher of the Hoard of Lady Managers
for Oregon, at the World's Columbian E.xposi-
tion, and she is also a memher of the Executive
Committee. With her liushand she is actively
engagod in local and national henevolent work.
She also, with Mr. Allen, represented the State
of ( )ri>gon at the Exposition at New Orleans. She
is a near relative of Edward E. Hale, and it is
helieved that her taste for literary work is in-
herited. She has acquired a reputation as a
writer and speaker, and is actively engaged in
forming local World's Fair Committees in her
State.

In the fall of 1869 Mr. Allen formed a part-
nership with his brother, and with him moved
to MarsluiUtowii, Iowa, where they engaged in
the manufacture and sale of farm inacliinery.
and continued in that husiness until his removal
to Oregon, in 1881. In that year he came to
Portland to assume the iiianagement of the
large agricultural impleiucnt house of Messrs.
Seymour, Sahin & Company. He retained this
trust until 1883, when the company sold out its
interests to the Northwestern Manufactiiriiigand
Car Company. In the same year he was elected
.'iiperintendent of the Mechanics' Fair, in Port-
land, Oregon, and such was the success of the
fair under his able management, that he was
unanimously re-elected to the same office in

188'4. At the close of the fair in October of the
same year, he was commissioned hy(»oveinor
Moody to represent the State of Oregon at the
World's Cotton ('entennial Exposition at New
Orleans. The success which followed Mr.
Allen in his new trust, le<l to his api>ointiiient,
in 1885, to represent Oregon at the North,
South and Central American Exposition, where
he was still further honored by being elected to
a place on the Hoard of Management, and vice-
president of the E.xposition. In 188(5 he was
commissioned to rejiresent Oregon at the great
American Exposition in London, England, and
liis appointment to the last named office was
followed I'y the signal triumphs that marked
his previous appointments. In 1889, Mr.
Allen W'ts elected superintemlent of the Indus-
trial Exposition in the city of Portland, Oregon.
The following year he was electi'd superintend-
ent and secretary of the same, and in all these
offices he made a success for the fair, with all
that the term success implies, and in retiring
from this responsible trust he was followed by
the same hearty commendations as had followed
him in his admisistrations of the other public
trusts committed to liini. Mr. AI.en is now
recognized as a leader in the horticultural devel-
opment of the State of ( )regon. He was largely
instrumental in securing the enactment of the
law creating the State Hoard of Horticulture of
that State, and has held the office of secretary of
that board since its organisation. He is also
credited with being one of the most public-
spirited men of the Northwest, and is very
prominent in Grand Army circles, having held
many of the most important offices in that or-
ganization, in both the State and National
departments.

tON. J. B. LEE, M. I)., a late lamented
citizen of Corvallis, Oregon, was among
the able and progressive members of the
medical fraternity. He was born near Ilills-
boro, Ohio. June 12, 1836. His father. Edward,
was a native of Virginia, and the mother, whose
maiden name was Sarah Fisher, was born in
I'ennsylvania, and now resides in Ohio. The
father died. May 24, 1854-. Dr. Lee descends
from old lievolutionary stock. His grandfather,
Harnett Lee, was a patriot soldier during the
Kevolntionary struggles and two paternal uncles
were engaged in the war of 1812.

rrT ^ ^ ^ ?' ■« '^^ ' - . ' Li iii ' ." ^ f » j ff .-5W

440

UISTOHY OV UllKOON.

Dr. Lee, of this sketch, was reKred to farm
lite iimi receivoil his sclioliistic eilucation in tlie
pultiic Bcliooi of liie county, and afterward en-
tered tlie academy at Salem, where he completed
his academic course, in 1850. In the followinjj;
year lie hej^an the study of medicine, under the
preceptorship of the two Doctors Noble, who
were eminent practitioners of Sugar Tree Ridge.
He received his lectures and graduated in medi-
cine and surgery, in 1859, at Starling Medical
College, (3oluinhig, Ohio, and engaged in the
practice of medicine in 1861.

At this time he responded to the call for three
months' volunteers and enlisted in the Twelfth.
Ohio Infantry and served his term as a private
soldier. He re-enlisted in the following year
arid received a commission as Surgeon, being
Bt)pointed to frontier service, in Wastiington at
I'ort Uasken and Steilacooin, on the sound, re-
itiaining iti the service until 1865, when ho re-
signed and cai'ie to Corvallis. He had a large
practice in Henton county and the surrounding
country, and was highly esteemed asa physiciun
and man.

In 1874 the Doctor was elected to the State
Senate, in which body he served four years, and
also tilled the position of Mayor of Corvallis.
He was also County Physician; was a member
of the State Medical Association, and had the
degree of M. D. conferred upon him by the
medical department of the State, in 1878. He
was president of and a stockholder in tiie
Corvallis Carriage and Wagon Manufacturing
Company.

Dr. Lee was married November 4, 1866, to
Miss Harriet Wooden. Their married life was
of short duration, she passing away, June 14,
18(57. Ten years later, ( )ctol)er 18, 1877, Dr.
Lee espoused Miss Arminda Elston, who now
survives him and mourns a faithful and loving
husband. He leaves an aged mother and one
sister and brother in the East and Dr. Charles
H. Lee.

In political matters the Doctor was an active
Republican and socially afHliated with the A. K.
& A. M. Blue Lodge and Chapter of this city,
also Poland Commandery, Iv. T. No. 1, in wiiich
lie had, passed all the official chairs. He
had been High Priest of the Royal Arch Masons
for two years.

In his business relation.s he was distingnished
for his unwavering integrity, as well as his
thoughtful charity. As a I.egislator, he was the
Bonl of honor and served the interests of his city

and State to the best of his ability. In the
sacred sanctuary of home, he wasalways tliought-
tnl, kind, patient, forbearing, forgiving, gener-
ous and true. Nothing was too good for his
family and friends. Self-denying and self-suf-
fering for those near and dear to him, he made
his home one of comfort, joy and happiness.
He was best known in the community, however,
as a skilled physician, and as such was highly
esteemed and truly beloved. The profession of
medicine demands a trained intellect, quick
perception, good judgment, a sympathetic heart,
a refined taste, a sound mind in a sound body,
with plenty of faith in humanity and an abound-
ing trust in Ood, all of which demands Dr. Lee
answered and honored.

-'*-•<

*!•*=>-

RAVELERS' INSURANCE COMPANY
of Hartford, Connecticut, represented by
(!aptain G. E. Caukin, of Portland, Ore-
gon, is the great pioneer accident insurance
company of America. The company was organ-
ized in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1864. The
Portland branch was established in 1878 and
comprises the territory of Washington, Oregon,
Idaho and British Columbia. Captain Caukin
took charge of the business in March, 1881, and
has been in charge of the department ever since.
He has sixty agents under him, and they handle
the work in an able manner. Undei Captain
Caukin's management it now yields an annual
premium of $50,000. There is an annual aver-
age payment of one policy to seven issued.

Captain Caukin is a native of Livingston
county, New York, born July 16, 1827. His
father was born in the same State, although the
family originated in Wales, the ancestors com-
ing to America about 1892. Mr. Caukin's
father married Betsy Northrup, of New York.
Captain Caukin was the third child in a family
of seven. The family moved to Macomb county,
Michigan, and were pioneers of that State.
Here he was raised and learned the trade of
cabinet-maker. In 1864, when the demand for
troops had become great, Mr. Caukin enlisted as a
private in Company K,First Minnesota Volunteer
Infantry, and was sent to the front with the Army
of the Potomac. He remained with the army
in Virginia until the close of the war, when he
was mustered out with rank of Captain. He
was Oho of those who participated in the grand

UlUTOIiY OF OHEaON.

441

I i *

review of WH8liini;5t()ii. lie wae a lirave soldier,
and iiitt services were iippreeiated i>y iiis coun-
try as he was made ('aptaiii witliin a year.
After the end of tlie war he returned lioine and
engaged in tiie insurance business at Minnea-
polis, in A'hich business he has continiU'd ever
since. In 1873 he went to Virjjinia City,
Nevada, on account of the health of his wife,
and he was there eigiit years. In 1881 he came
to Portland to take charge of the business of his
present company.

lie was married in 1861, to Miss Kliza Hur-
rall, of Winona county, Minnesota. They have
one daughter, GeiievraE. She resides with lier
parents.

Mr. Caukin has invested in city property,
and has built a nice residence on the corner of
Fonrteentii and Market streets, where they re-
8i(ic. He has been a member of the G. A. II.
for many years, and is a Past Commander of
the Department of Oregon. When he took
command there were eleven posts, and at the
close of his term there were twenty-three.
He is also a member of the Oregon f 'ommandery
of the Loyal Legion, and has been its Ileco''der
since its organ iziition. He is thoroughJy in-
torinod in regard to his business, and is widely
known for a man ot integrity and honesty.

^^5fei^

HILIVER HARMON ADAMS, a widely
known and highly cstee iied Oregon pio-
neer of 1852, and an intelligent and pro-
gressive citizen of McMinnville, now retired
from active business pursuits, was born in
Paitiosville, Ohio, March 25, 1819.

The name of Adams is illustrious in the an-
nals of this country, numbering among its dis-
tinguished members the Honorable John and
llonorable John Qnincy Adams, the eminent
statesmen and patriots, who filled with honor
the highest position in the gift of their coun-
trymen. Their ancestors and those of the sub-
jt'ct of our sketch were identical, being a
Protestant gentleman of Scotch origin, who emi-
grated from the north of Ireland to Massa-
chusetts in the early history of the colonies,
and from whom descended the large and illus-
trious family so noted in the history of our
country.

The parents of the subject of our sketch were
Sebastian and Eunice (Harmon) Adams, both
natives of Vermont. The father was born in

■•i

Salisbury, August 3, 1789, while the mother
was born in Rutland, October 24, 1798, she be-
ing of Scotch ancestry. T'my were married in
Painesville, Ohio, May (), 181S. They had
eight children, three sons and five daughters, of
whom three sons and two daughters are es-
teemed pioneer residents of Oregon. In 1837,
the family removed to Jonesville, Hillsdale
county, Michigan, whence they removed, in
1840, to Galesburg, Illinois, where the father
died, March 8, 1847. Several years later, the
mother married again, her second husband be-
ing a Mr. Cioodalo. In 1852 they both accom-
panied the subject of our sketch and family in
their journey across the plair.s, during which
trip Mr. Goodale died of cholera and was bur-
ied on the way, while the devoted and l)eloved
mother expired in Eugene City, Oregon, De-
cember 4, 1883, in her eighty-si.\th year.

The subject of our sketch was the eldest child,
and was reared and educated in Ohio until his
eighteenth year, when the family removed to
Jonesville, Michigan, and our subject, who
was at that time attending the Huron County
Academy, in Ohio, remained behind to finish
his course of schooling, but becoming so in-
tensely homesick he rejoined his parents and
the family in Michigan, preferring to remain on
the farm with them, where he continued during
his young manhood.

On October 20, 1846, he was married in
Galesburg, Illinois, to Miss Sophia Hills, an
estimable lady and a native of Connecticut.
She was a daughter of Mr. Walter Hills of that
State, who was descended from early settlers of
New England. Three children were born in
lUinoie: Alice, Emma and Mary.

With his trusting little family, Mr. Adams
started on March 9, 1852, from Galesburg,
Knox county, Illinois, for Oregon. That was
the year in which the dreadful epidemic of
cholera prevailed to so great an e .t, and
freshly nnido graves were frequent along their
route. The heroic little baud pressed forward
amidst this terrible devastation, leaving on their
course one of their number behind on the
dreary, desolate plains, who fell a victim to this
insatiable disease. Tearfully and sorrowfully
they pursued their way, and were much re
joiced to meet a brother, William L. Adams,
who had become anxious about them and had
come from Oregon, with fresh cattle to meet
and help them on their way. He had gone to
Oregon four years liefore. They arrived safely

442

iiisTouY Oh' oimaoN.

Oil

1: I

111

on Pniitlu'r cri-ek, Yiiiii Hill iMiuiity, OctobtT
1. lHr)2. and giivo.Iolm U. Mcliii.le ^'JOO tor
liis lanil cJiiiiii. On this they niovi'd, taliinif
i)()88('8ci(in of the little icitr (^abiii liitiiateil on it,
where they coininenceil pioneer life. They
were at first very homesick, hut work, tliiit
panacea for almost all ills, left tlieni little time
for reifret, while tlie stirring scenes of a new
coniitry and fast aecnmiilaiinjL; po|nil8tion, tilled
the remainino time not devoted to active
exertions in their own behalf. On this farm,
Mr. Adams resided for twenty years, pnrsninj^
farming and sawmilling, liavin;; two mills lo-
cated on Panther creek, two miles from his
farm.

In 1878 he sold his farm and removed to Mc-
Miiinville, where he purchased ])ro|>erty, and on-
<;aged in lumliering and nianufactnring doors
and sasli, later engaginj^ in the mercantile hiisi-
ness. lie dealt in all kinds of builders' mate-
rials, and. in partnership with his son-in-law,
Mr. George W. Jones, Ijccame a large dealer
anil nnmufacturer. !Mr. Jones came to Mr.
Adams" in 1805 and was engaged in running
the mill, when, proving to be a man of ability,
he was made a partner and has been identilied
with the firm in the fullest sense. The com-
pany enjoys the highest reputation for bu>i-
ness integrity a?id reliability and liave been de-
servedly successful.

Mr. Adams has built several residences in
McMiniiville, besides a valuable l)rick business
block. He also owns a large building and lot,
on which they keep their own stock.

lu 1891 he retired from the firm, since when
his son Frank G. takes his place in the busi-
ness. The firm met with a severe loss by fire
in 1891, their loss lieing estimated at .S20,()()().
The ashes were scarcely eold, however, before
new buildings were jilanned and erected, which
are even more complete than the old ones.

Nine children were added to the family in
(Jregon Alice, the ehlest daughter, became
the wife of Mr. Elviii Crawford, has six chil-
dren and resides in .Eugene; her husband is in
the lumber businers; Emma Yl. is the wife of
Mr. {ieorge W. Jones, and they have si.x
children; Mary. M. is the wife of Nfr. Walter
Henderson, who is in business at Whatcum,
Washington, and they have four children; Ida
Irene and Eva E. are twins; the former married
Mr. Henry A. lieasoner and has three children;
the latter married Mr. William J. Simonds and
has one child: both of theee daughters reside in

Whatcom, Washington; Ada Ann married
Mr. William Hill and rtjsiiles in Wa 'lington
county, Oregon, having live childri'ti; Inez lone
lives at home with her parents; Oarrie ('oriieli;i
nnirried Mr. ('. ('. Scott, and resides in Port-
land, where he is cafhier of the Northern Pa-
cific Railroad Company, and has one chihi;
Austin Hills is a musician and is at home;
Frank (Jrant succeeds his father in the business;
John (Juini'y ilied .January 1. 1857. aged two
years; Lillie .May, died March 1(> '888, aged
lifteeii years.

.Mr. .\dams has always given close attention
to bnsijiess, and has observed thv; strictrst. In-
tegrity in all of his transactions with his fellow-
men, in eonse(|uence of which he has beeM
greatly prospered and is now enjoying in retire-
ment and the society of his wife and (hiughter
the reward of an industrious life. He has
erected a large and handsome residence in Mc-
Miniiville. which is replete with all the com-
forts of modern times. The house is situated
in a pleasant locality and cm an attractive site,
and is surrounded with tastefully disposed
grounds, which are dotted with orinnnental trees
and flowering shrubs, the whole forming a
beautiful view to the eye, and being a most en-
joyable place to spend one's leisure.

He is a iiepublicati in politics, ami in the
early history of the party and the State, he ex-
erted his inrtuence strongly in favor of the
Union. He is not a partisan, but in local af-
fairs votes for the one who, in his lu'st judg-
ment, is best calculated to till the p isition with
honor and ability. In National affairs lit^
votes for the llepublican candidates.

He and wife joined the Presbyterian ("hundi
in 1858. since which time they have been atten-
tive members, and contribute both by their
means and influence to the support of the church.

Although Americans do not have as much re-
gard for pedigree as do their English cousins
acroiis the water, yet it is admitted that blood
will tfdl; and while his ancestors did not di-
rectly cause Mr. Adams' ])rosperity, yet by emu-
lating their illustrious example, he has risen to
both wealth and renown, and has proven him-
self a worthy representative of a noble family
and added to their already brilliant record of
deeds.

■ppmiiRi

mmmm.

lllsrOUY Oh' OHKOON.

448

fONATHAN S. VAUOIIAN Ih one <.f tho
renpected resiilcnts of (Hackainas county,
Ori'ffoti, who ottiiie to the territory in 1^(52.
Jle was horn in Ciiiciniiaii, Ohio, l)(!ceinher i),
1829. His ffreat-f^ranil father Vanglian cainu
from Scothind and settled in Vermont, wliere
he resided the rest of his life. His rton, (Jeorge
W. Vaiiifhan, our siihject's f^raridfather, was
born in Vermont, and married a lady hy the
nanio of Keeler. They removed to Ohio in
17!H), and their son l.,il)erfy Vaiiifhan, waa born
in Cincinnati .Iidy 4, iJSO-t. He married Miss
Nancy Uricehind, a native of Washington
county, Pennsylvania, l)orn in 1806, and they
had a family of ten children, of whom six were
living in the year 1892.

In 1852 tlie family came across the ])lains to
Oreijon. On the way, one of the danghlers,
Amanda, died of mountain fever at the T)alles.
The family came on to French I'rairie, and then
on into Washington county, where they took
up a (lonation claim within a mile and a half of
Middleton, where Mr. Vaughan resided until
the time of his death, which occurred January
1, 1876, and his wife survived him until De
cember 24, 1890. They both liad been mem-
beih of the Christian Church, kind-hearted, in-
dustrious and upright members of the commun-
ity.

Our subject was the second child of the fam-
ily, and was twenty years of age when he came
to Oregon. Me had learned the trade of a
saddler, and worked at it in Parksville, Marion
county, where he remained until 1854, when
he went to Oescent City, California, and re-
mained there six months. In the spring he
went to the mines on Scott's river, where lie
was engaged in placer mining for two years,
and once took out $2,800 in four days. A
piece of gold was found at AVhiting Hill that
was worth 13,000. In 1857 lie returned to
On gon and for two months, served as cook on the
" Hoosier," the second steamboat on the river,
After that he worked at his business two years
in Hutteville.

On January 25, 1858, our subject was mar-
ried to Miss Sarah J. Sti'ong, who was born in
Illinoi", January 5, 1840, and was the daughter
of Ambrose Strong. Mr. and Mrs. Vaughan
resided in Bntteville until 1860, when they re-
moved to California, and remained there two
years and then went to Jacksonville, Oregon,
where they remained during the winter. In
1863 thoy went to the cascades, where he en-

gaged in teaming a season, und later they re-
turned to the valley and stopped for a season
with Mr. Joseph C. Geer. In April our sub-
jt'ct went to the mines in Idaho, and was absent
until Septetnl)er, and returned with !j(l,0()0.
Tho following season ho went again and was
about live months gone, and returned with
§500. Then he opened a harness business at
Hutteville, in which he continued for eight
years, and then engaged in the hop business at
Hutteville.

In 1882 our subject sold out and removed to
(iraham's Perry, on the Willamette. Here lie
purchased twenty acres of land and planted a
liop yard, and has found great success in the
raising of this plant. Ho has since that time
added more acres to his [)lace, has erected a
nice residence and owns the ferry.

Mr. and Mrs. Vaughan have been blessed
with a family of eight children, all of whom are
living. They are Charles, born Deceini)er 1,
1859; Ambrose, born July 17, 1863; George,
born May 18, 1865; Violet, born May 21, 1866;
Rose, born November 21, 1870; Josie, born
October 8, 1872; Eugene, horn December 18,
1877, and Edith, born August 30, 1881. The
si.x eldest ehil Iren are married, and each have
one child. Mr. Vaughan is a member of the
Masonic fraternity, and holds the position of
Past Master, which he has held for four years.
He also belongs to the I. O, O. F., and in pol-
itics is a Republican. He served as School Clerk
twelve years in Hutteville, and is recognized as
an uprigiit citizen, and he and his wife are tine
representatives of the tine old pioneers of (Ore-
gon who came in 1852.

'RANCIS X. MATTHIEU, one of tho few
remaining pioneers of 1842, was born in
Montreal, Canada, April 2, 1818. Ilis an-
cestry were French people who were early set-
tlers of Canada, and our subject was sent to
school in Montreal, but at the age of twelve
years was obliged to begin the struggle of life
for himself. His first work was in a dry-goods
store on St. Paiil's street, in Montreal. In
1837-'38, although but a lad of sixteen years, he
took part in the reliellion against England, and
because of his youth was not watched "s closely
as were others, and was thus enabled to render
the insurgents valuable services, but to save his

rpr-

■*1'

I! K il

444

IllSTdUY OF (tUKOoy.

own life Hfterward, was ol)lif(t*<l to leave the
coiiiitry, and his youtli aideil liin esi-apo.

After 8iicct>8»fid!y reai-hing tlie United States,
lie went to All)any. New York, wliere he
workeclfor fifteen months at tlie carpenter
trade, and then went to Milwankee, and tlienee
to Cliicago in IN3S(, when tiiut great city
was yet in itti infancy. From (3iucago he went
to St. Lonis. .Missonri, and hired to the Ameri-
can Knr Company as clerk, and in the; employ
of that company went np the VeilowBtone river.
After a year spent in tlie mountains he returned
to St. Louis and engaged with Mr. Josiali Uob-
idean. They went to Fort Smith, at the head
of the Arkansas river, and from thiw they
crossed to the South I'latte, where Denver now
is. From there they went to the North I'latte,
and he worked at Fort Laramie for the Ameri-
can Fur Company.

In the summer of 1842 our subject left that
company and came to ()rej;on, and almost di-
rectly to French Prairie, and was one of the tirsl
settlers in this fertile locality, which is one of
the richest, if not the very richest, part of the
farm lai;ds of Oregon. Here he went into the
raising of wheat, which he sold to the Hudson's
Bay ('orapany, and in turn it was sold by them
to the Kussian Government.

In 184-t our snl)ject married Miss Rose Osant,
a daughter of Louis Osent, who also was in the
employ of the Hudson's Hay ('ompany. In 1840,
Mr. Matthieu purchased the donation claim on
which he now residep. In 1851 lie founded
the town of Butteville, built the tirst store, and
<lid a successful genera! mercandise business for
. fifteen years. He then sold his business and
returned to his farm, on which he has since re-
sided. He still ow!is the whole of his old claim
and has built good buildings, and is doing gen-
eral farming and also engages in ho|) raising.

To Mr. and Mrs. Matthieu have been born a
family of seven sons and seven daughters, and
all but two of this large and interesting family
are yet living. The eldest, (Charles, resides at
Woodbnrn; Edward ilied in his ibirty-tirst year;
John resides near his father; Ernest, Lester
and Willie are at home; Minnie is now Mrs.
Dwiglit (reer, and resides in Washington; Clara
resides at home; Since is now Mrs. Burton, and
resides in British (,'oluinbia; Pricilla died in
her eighteenth year, and Violet is at home.
Mr. and Mrs. Matthieu are both in good health,
and are among the very best of the old pioneers
who came to tiiis great State in 1842.

Mr. Matthieu has always been a Democrat
in his political views, and he lias the honor of
having been one of the Oregon pioneers who
were present at the first meeting of the settlers
at Champoeg, where they made the first organ-
ization, wbi(di resulted in saving the country to
the United States, and his vote and that of an-
other made the majority, which carried the res-
olution organizing the first Territorial Govern-
ment for the Territory. At this meeting there
were one hundred settlers, and fifty-eight voted
for and forty-eight against the bill. It does
not often fall to the lot of a man to rate a vote
of such importance, fraught with so iiincdi good
to tlie country, and all honor is due to the man
who had the intelligent nninhood to vote his
honest convictions when so many of his fellow-
countrymen were voting in an opposite direc-
tion.

Our subject was electetl to be a. Justice of tlie
(M)urt, and at that time the .lustice ('ourt was
the Supreme Court of the Territory. Mr. Mat-
thieu relates the following reminiscence of those
early times: He and his Associate .Justice
went to close a still, and when tlit^y arrived nt
the sti.l and commanded it closed, the owner
asked what authority they had. They replied,
"We are the (/onrt," and the man said, "H — ■
and d— — - — ! who ever saw a court in a still?"
but he stopped the business that day, even if
he did return to it afterward. Later Mr. Mat-'
thieu served a term as County Commissioner,
and in 1874 he was elected a member of the
State Legislature, and in 1878 he was re-elected
to succeed himself, and iluring bjtli terms he
faithfully served his constituents. He is a man
of intidligence, with a miiiii and will of his
own, and is a worthy member of the Masonic
fraternity, being at present Master of his lodge.

-=^<

^mm

<-i^

= ALTE:R L. TOOZE. -Among the repre-
sentative business men of Woodbnrn,
is the subject of this biograijhical no-
tice, a man of excellent ability and judgment,
and one who has aided largely in the develop-
ment of ids coutity's resources. lie was born
in i'ittsfield, Lorain county, Ohio, in 1860, a
son of Wiiliain and Mary II. (Parkmand) Tooze,
natives of Hlngland. The parents were married
in their own country, and afterward emigrated
to the United States, in 1858. They settled

nrsTonr of oukoon.

•I4.>

near Pittsfield, Lorain county, wliero Mr. Toozo
eiigfigcd in agricultural ])ur8uitK. In 18()4 he
removed 'to Bedford, Michigan, ami continued
the tame oc('.u])ation. The Tnotlier died during
the childhood of Walter 1^., and after this sad
event ho was taken by his uncle, Janie 'I'oozo,
who was living at Brownhelni, Ohio. There he
was reared and educated, and in the year 1877
he started out to meet the rc-iponsihilities of
life. lie determined to try his fortunes on
the I'acific coast, and came to Oregon, landinir
in Newhiirg, Y'ani Hill county, without money
and among strangers. lie first did farm work,
and followed this occupation for a number of
years. lie then began teaching in the public
schools of Washington county, and devoted him-
self to the profession until 1884:. Having
saved a little money, he formed a partnership
with J. liarnes of liutteville, Marion county,
and um''arked in general tnercantile pursuits.
The business was carried on for one year, when
Mr. Tooise retired from the firm, and began buy-
ing and selling grain. In December, 1886, he
visited the town of Woodbnrn, and foreseeing
its growth and development, he formed a part-
nership with his brother, Charles T., for the
purpose of establishing a mercantile trade.
They purchased the stock of Mrs. J. K. Sconce,
and carried on a general business for one year.
At the end of twelve months the firm dissolved,
and Walter L. Tooze continued the business
alone. By e.xtending the business and keeping
apace with the growth of the town, he became

Eopularly known as the "produce and merchant
ing of French i'rairie." Through handling
grain and farm produce he established a market
which had before been unknown in Woodburn,
and during the latter years he handled 100,000
bushels of grain and 50,000 bushels of potatoes
annnally. In 1892 he sold his mercantile in-
terests and engaged in a general brokerage and
real-estate business.

He was married at Butteville, April 22, 1886,
to Mifes Sadie A. Barnes, a native of Missouri,
and they have had born to them two children:
Walter L. Jr., and Lilla Ethel. Mr. Tooze has
been one of the most prominent factors '"n the
upbuilding of Woodburn, and has loyally sup-
ported all home enterprises. The commercial
interests of the place have prospered and nour-
ished through his zeal and energy, and he is
justly numbered among the benefactors of the
town.

->^^:^^^0i!^^^^7<^

ILLIAM (i. r I C K E TT was l».rn in
Warren county, 'lennessce, in ISiJu, a
l*"!^!^ son of David Pickett, who was a Vir-
ginian by birth. The latter removed with his
parents to Tennessee in his boyhood, and was
there reared to maidiood. He nnirried Miss Mary
Clark, a initive of that State. By occupation he
was a wheelwright, and also followed farming.
In 1836 he removed with his family to Arkansas,
where he passed the remainder of his days. Will-
iam G. lived under the parental roof until 1840,
when he embarked in mer(;antilo trade with his
UTicle, George C. i'ickett. In 1851, with his
brother James A., lie went to Yell county, Arkan-
sas, and engaged in agricultural pursuits and the
lumber business. In the spring of 1853 he
started across the ])lains to Oregon, the journey
being successfully accom])lished to the ISIalheur
river. Here a short route was attempted, which
proved most disastrous. Two days and three
nights were passed on the alkali plains without
water or food, excepting emigrant beef witlKjut
salt or pepper. I'inally, after great suffering
and death to many ot the company, a relief
train was met at Big Prairie, east of Eugene,
November 16, 1853.

The first winter was passed by our subject in
cutting saw-logs for P. F. Blair, and in the
summer of 1854 he assisted Felix Scott in
driving a band of cattle to California. He fol-
lowed mining on Carson creek for six months
with fair success, and returned to Oregon in
January, 1855. Fort Colville was the next
scene of his occupation, but his mining opera-
tions there proved a failure. With the break-
ing out of the Rogue river Indian war, Mr.
Pickett was appointed "expressman" by Gen-
eral M. M. McCarver, and tilled this important
position four months. lie tlien came to Eu-
gene and was appointed Assistant-Quartermaster
by General Drew. lie served in this capacity
until June, 1856, when he resigned and came to
the neighborhood ot Junction City. Here ho
opened a country store which lie conducted three
years.

Mr. Pickett was married in 1859, to Miss
Mary S. Milliorn. The following year he en-
tered into partnership with T. A. Milliorn, and
they conducted a general packing business. In
1865 Mr. Pickett withdrew, and they returned
to the Willamette valley. He engaged in mer-
cantile business at Buena Vista, Polk county,
and continued there until 1871, when he lost
liis stock by fire. He then started a store at

440

IIIHTOHY OF (lUKUON.

I'liiievillf. On-j^on. Iiiit ciijliti'tMi iiioiitliB iifttM'-
wiii'il t^dlil niit mill lii-uan a niiiiii'y liii>iiiii^ luid
I'lnkcnigi' l>ll>inl■^s. lie ciiinc luick to .1 iincliiiii
City in Isht). ac('(>iii|ianic(l l)_v liis rmnily. For
two ^t'aliorll« lie liail cliar^c ot tlic wareluiiisi'i,
lint sold out, ami lni» (iiiici' f;ivi'ii iiis attiMition
to the |i>aiiiiig of money.

Mr. niiil Mrs. I'ifkctt iirc tin- |iarentrt of one
cliiUI: Kate, wife of Lewis White. Oursiilijeet
is a niouilier of Oa.-^is Lodffe. No. 41, 1. (). (). 1'".,
and i> nnniliered anion^ the rejiresentativc citi-
zens of .1 ntietion I'ity.

ti:v.(a't^TAvrs m. pkiuce, a. m.. tor
many years an active minister of Method-
ist Kpi.-eojial Chnreli, and now nn honored
re.sjclenl of i'lirtiand, Orej^un, forms the uiilijeet
of tills article.

In tracin;: lack hii- ancestry, we find that Mr.
IVirce's forefathers were conupienoiis in the
early settlement of New Enffland, the family
lieino; first i-epresented l)y Captain William C.
I'eirce, who hronght his shijis and carj^oes to the
Massachnsetts coast in lt)30. and then settled in
that Str/e. Dnrinirthe Uevolutioiuiry <lays the
family were hoiiorahly represented in the I'on-
tinental army and fouijht bravely atthememor-
alile hut lie of Hunker Hill.

Oliver I>. I'eirce, the father of our subject,
was horn . Massachusetts. lie went from
there to Nba" York city, where he was en-
j;aged in puhlishinj; a ^erie.s of .school books,
'•IVirce'.- (irammai" and the "National Head-
ers." At that date (1839) Mr. I'eirce was con-
sidered the most aide <;rainmarian of the city.
lie was one of the ^reat reformers in the tlays
of Hnti->lavery, and while locateil at Rome. New
York, was con^picnouly connected with (ierrit
Smith in the •'underground railway "'and aided
many a poor slave across the border into Can-
ada. About 1850 he stumped the State of New
York in the interest of free schools, and received
great credit for the establishment of the law.
In 18f)l he raised a rej^inieut of soldiers in
()i eida county, and while stopping at Albany,
en route for the seat of war, he accidently fell
u|ion the steps of the State House. Thia fall
produced paralysis, from the effects of which he
died in 1865. lie wr.s bold and fearless in sus-
taining his convictions. Of him Solomon I'nrdy,
a prominent man of Konie, New York, once

wrote: " He fears (Jod, but nothing He has
miide." Hii- wife. Hannah (TibbettsI I'eirce.
was also a native of Massachusetts. M'hey were
marricil in Oneida county. New York, and had
three children. Kmilius W., the oldest, was
educated fur the Methodist ministry. During
the civil war he enlisted in the Sixteenth Wis-
consin UegirniMit, was taken ])risoner and was
contined for mouths in Lildiy prison. He died
at Charlottesville, Virj;iiiia. from the (dftrts of
exposure and ill treatment. TlnM)ther two are
(instaviis M. and Hannah L., the latter being
thewifeof Major Hugh L. Anderson. Major
Anderson served during the late war as a mem-
ber of the Sixty-ninth New York Uegimentand
was severely wounded at C\)ld Harbor. He is
now a resident of Salt Lake City.

Kev. tiustavus M. I'eirce was l)orii in liome,
New York. March 14, 1835. He prepared for
college at the Rome Academy and graduated at
Union (Jollege. Schenectady, New York, July,
1855. He was admitted to the bar in April,
1850. In July following lie enterivl the Method-
ist K|>iscopal ministry, as a member of the
Hlack Uiver Annual Conference, and subse-
i|uently was connectwl with the Central New
York Annual Conference. In the summer of
1862 he was elected vice-principal of the Union
Academy at Melleville, New York, New York,
a iMiarding seminary with 200 pupils enrolled.
In 18t)5 he was elected principal of the Jordan
Academy, near Syracuse, New York, and re-
entering the itinerancy was pastor in Syracuse
three years. In 1870 he was sent as the first
resident Methodist K|iiscopal missionary to Salt
Lake (>ity, and for two years was superintend-
ent of Afethodist Epi»^copal Church work in
Utah. From 1872 to 1876 he was Presiding
Elder of the Utah District of the Uo<^ky mount-
ain Conference, and was a delegate froin that
conference to the General (!ouference of the
Methodist Episcopal Church wdiich met in Hal-
timore. In January, 1876, as publisher and ed-
itor, he started the Kocky Mountain Christian
Advocate at Salt Lake City, and continued in
that work until 1883, when he came to Port-
land, Oregon, and supervises the city mission
and church extension work of the Methodist
Episcopal Church in Portland, in which work he
was engaged until 18!)1. During this period he
built five church edifices, starting eight socie-
ties and missions and resurrected two others that
were almost without life, received over one
thousaud into the church, established Sunday-

HIHTOHY OF OHKGON.

*47

eiiliiiolM. witli 1, ")()() rii'li()liirH,(iti(! iivoriii^od eight-
(ton liiiiiilrcil p,iHti)fiil cull-" u.ic.li yt'iir.

Ill' vii\A iiiiiri'it!il iti lti)tiii!, NiiiV Voi'k. ill Miiy,
ISo?, to Mi.-<s l.oviiui (/. Mrow'ii, a imtivt! ol'
New York StiitiMiiiil » (lHiiij;lit()r nf I'liter Urowii,
ti (luHci'iiiliiiit of SuDtc.li iiiicurttry. Tlii'y Imvc lutil
six cliiliirun, tlireo of wlioiii iiru living: Freij
Simpson, lIowHriJ M. iiml (iil)itM't llavuii.

Ill Aiii;iit»t, 1891, Mr. I'oircu whh elected h
It('i;iMitof I'ortlHiiil I'liiversity, iiii istitiitioiiof
wiiicli lut WAH OIK* of the fuiinilui'B. It \va« iii-
cor|(onitcMl Di'CL'inlxir 23, ISUO, opuiifcil its liallx
for iiisu'iictioii St'ptoiiilHir 14, IH'Jl, him) is ai-
roa'iy in the iniilHt of its first year, witli its 240
Btii'k'iits, OIK! of till) loailiiif^ institutions in tii<>
Pacilii! Nortliwest.

^•^••^'

fMAKTlN, a meinher of the firm of E. &
J. A. Martin, niannractiirers of sash,
« doors and Iniildin^ inaturials, is a native
of Philadelpliia, I'ennsylvaiiia, born in 1831.
His part'iits, liiidianl and Ilester (liarker)
Martin, were iiativus of Viririnia and iNew Vorii
rtispoeti.'eiy; tiioy removed to New York city
in 1840, and there yoiiiif^ Martin secured liis
education. At the a;^e of fifteen years lie boj^an
to learn the trade of atairhiiilder, which lie fol-
lowed in New York city until 1S54, when he
removed to Chicago, there he continued this
avocation until 18()1. In 18(31 Mr. Martin en-
listed in Coin])any E. Fifty-seventh Illinois Vol-
unteer Infantry, Colone'l S. D. Haldwin; he
was appointed Color Sergeant and the first
battle was at Fort Doiielson, which was followed
by Shi loll, where for bravery and efHciency Mr.
Alartin was coininisBioned Second Lieutenant,
April 17, 1862. Then came the siege of Cor-
inth, followed by the battle of 1863, Corinth,
October 3d and 4tli, 1862. He was commis-
sioned First Lieutenant, March 13. After that
came the battle of Kesaca, in 1863, and later,
Rome, Georgia. He then joined (teneral Sher-
man in his triuniplial niareli to the sea, and was
at the capture of Savannah. At the expiration
of his term of service in 1864 he was mustered
out of the army, much to the regret of himself
and liis Colonel, who wished him to remain and
accept the office of Captain. But the family in
Chicago, from whom he had been so long sep-
arated, urged his return to civil life. He fol-
lowed his trade in Chicago until 1877, when he

came to F'ortland, Oregon, where he has con-
tinned with markeil sni'i'ess.

The firm of E. A: .). A. Martin was foniifd in
1871I; they i'!il a large iiiisiness at Third and F
streets until 1882, when the entire establish-
meiit was swept away by lire; they iniine<liafely
resinned business at the corner oC (' and Second
streets, and in a small iieginniiig laid the found-
ation of their later prosperity. Their factory
was built ill 181)0, and being located iipm the
wharf secures water transportation; tlu! factory
is fitted with modern maeliinery, the whole be-
ing operated i»y a fifty-five horse jiower engine.
Mr. Martin is one of the oldest maniifactiirerg
in the city, and the |)rodiict8 of this factory are
shipped to points in Oregon. Washington and
Idaho. The industry gives ein|iloyiiient to
twenty-five men.

Our 8iil>ject was married in New York city,
ill 1854, to Miss Frances Hiitton, who was born
in the old lievolutionary barracks at Hrniiks-
dale, New York. Mrs. .Nlartin jiassed from this
life in 1871, leaving a bereaved husband and
four children: Clara E., Edward Everett; Fran-
ces S., wife of Clarence J. Wheeler; and Mary
L.. wife of Frederick R. liullock. In 1877 .Mr.
Martin brought his family of little ones to the
Pacific coast, and to them he has devoted the
best energies of his life. He resides in East
I'ortland, where lie has built a pleasant home at
Eiglith and () streets. He is a member of the
G. A. R., the A. O. U. W., the Loyal Legion
of Oregon and tlie Masonic fraternity. His
life has been one of great activity and lianl
labor, but by perseverance and strict integrity,
lie has won well-merited success. ,

EV. CHANCEY OSRORN HOSFORD
came to Oregon in 1845 and for forty seven
_ years has been one of her widely known and
higiily esteemed pioneers. He was born in Greene
county. New York, December 27, 1822. His fath-
er, Willis Hosford, was born in Connecticut. The
great-gran<lfather, Gideon Hosford, came from
England and settled in New Englaiiil. His son,
Reuiien Hosford, was a pioneer New York law-
yer and a memlier of the State Legislature.
Willis Hosford was a Colonel in the war of 1812,
and was prominent in the militia. He married in
the State of New York, Miss LnciaOsborn, born
in Goshen, Connecticut. They had ten children,
seven of whom are living.

44H

lllHTUUr OF OllEUON.

]'■*

('Imncoy wii« tlio nixtli oliililiiinl wiin miKcd in
I.cxiii^tiiii, (ii'ueiiii couiitv, N<'«' York. I'Vum

tllCI'C 111! Wfllt tl) IllilillllU ill till! t'llli ipf ISU,

and t'roin tliere crotisLMJ tlii' niiiiiis in 1SI."J witli
ON tiiftiiiB. Koiir yixnij^ humi iimdt' tln! trip to-
^L'tiior, ono of tlii!iii l>oiiig Kiwiii F. IloHforil,
CyJiiiDcey'H hrotiior. Tiiuy imii tlirui: yoke of
oxt'ii, H wnguii an<l a ('(tw. Tlii! trip whs an ox-
citiiii^ Olio, (111 iiccoimt <it llieir Imiitiiij^ and tirtli-
infT expeditions. In tiic Indian eoiiiitry tliey
tell in witli otiier emigrants. At nij^lit tliey
Were olilijjed to make a circle, in wiiicli tlieir
cattle Were guarded. After arriving in Oregon
Mr. Ilosford Worked lor Mr. Foster, near Ore-
gon City, on a little farm, until spring, then
wont to Salem and worked for Uev. David Les-
lie tor liis board. While working for him lie
attended the Willamette Institute, now the u'd-
versity, where he was licensed to preach. He
taught otie term in the primary department in
the institute and several terms in the district
schools. lie was employed as preacher in tlie
mission conference and when the Oregon Con-
ference was organized he was a<imitte<l to that.
While lie was studying theology at Oregon
C^ity, in 1847, Elder Williimi Koherts, the
preacher in charge, told him to ride down to
Portland and make an engagement for him to
hold service. lie had some ditHculty in reach-
ing the little hamlet of fourteen log houses and
one frame store building, on account of the
rivers to be forded, but he arrived at bis destina-
tion in safety. He visited every house and
read the Scriptures and prayed with every fam-
ily in the place. Being young and zealous be
was welcomed very kindly by all the ])eople.
He made the appointment for Rev. Roberts and
it was probably the first sermon preached
in I'ortliind. When the gold excitement broke
out be wont to California under license from
Elder Roberts, and preached in West's board-
ing house in San Francisco. That winter Rev.
T. Dwiglit Hunt was there as a missionary
under the Presbyterian Board, and Mr. Ilos-
ford worked in liarmony with him. When the
Sacrament was administered he also assisted and
there were just thirteen present. This was prob-
ably the first time that tlie sacrament had been
administered by Protestants in San Francisco.
While bo was mining at Hangtown with Colonel
Chapman he preached to the miners and hun-
dreds of them gathered to hear him.

In the spring of 184:!) he was married, in San
Francisco, to Miss Acenitli Glover, one of five

American young Imlies who constituted the un-
married portion of society in San Franci^co at
that time. Their wedding was one id' the first
l'roti>tant ones in San j'raiicisco. Soon after
their man iage they came to ( h'egon i>y water
and went to Salem, where Mr. Ilosford joined
the conference. He took hisdonatioii claim three
miles down the river on the <vest side. Ho
:)reaclied for sixteen years all tlrough the val-
ey and was at Vancouver two years, anil built
the first Protestant Church in that place. His
churches were in log schoolhoiises, but there
were many revivals, iind as he says there was no
need to wait then fo.- evangelists. During
all tbi.< time ho was raising a family. He never
received money enough for his support and for
tliis purpose he hail to sell some of his land:
thus it was reduced friin 1)40 to 150 acres.
In 18(il he was on the Miiint Tabor circuit, till-
ing a place that now employs sixteen preachers.
While there he traded his Salem land for 200
acres running clear over the hill at Mount Tabor.
He sold forty acres over the top of this bill for
§500 and took his pay in work on bis land.
This same land is valued at ijll.SOO an acre. In
18(55 be lived in a little log cabin on tlio
])roperty, possessing only a cow and a horse,
i)Ut no money, having severed his connecioii
with the itinerancy. He and his sons deareii
the land. In 1887 he sold twenty-two and
one-half acres of liis home at >!500 per acre.
In 18()5 be built a cottage anil in 18f<2 be, re-
modeled and enlarged it and now has one of the
finest rural houses in the country. He has
eighteen acres, worth .^4, 000 per acre, one milo
east of the city at Mount Tabor,and also soino
])roperty in Portland. Fortune has at last
smiled upon his honest ert'orts, and he and
his wife are at last surrounded by the comforts
which they so inncli deserve, and he is still able
to go out nearly every Sabbath and freely
preach tlie gospel.

Mr. and Mrs. Ilosford have had eight chil-
dren. The first died in infancy; the second,
Frederick Flinn, died in his eighteenth year.
His two remaining children. Captain Olin AV.
and Pearn L. Ilosford, are steamboat men, own-
ing with their father the steamer lone, running
on the Willamette and ('olumbia rivers. Their
eldest daughter is the wife of John llaskins,
superintendent of the car- building depart-
ment of the East Portland car shops of the
Southern Pacific Railroad Company. EiHy M.
is married to L. R, Fields, superintendent of

IIISTOIiY OF OIIKdOii.

44B

ilii> (iit^'iiii Dixiniiiii 1)1 lilt' Soiitliriii l'iif.ill<r
I'oml. V^ilcllii l.iiiccilii iniirrii'il K. I'ftcrpDii; h
woiillhy fiinniT lit Mimiit Tiilmi mid Corn I*. in iit
Clonic with luT parcntH. Min.lloBt'onrM lirotlu-r,
Ai|iiillii (ilovcr, wrtli whom iind \\\* fiiinily *\\<'
(•iohs.mI thi! jihiiiiK ill IHKl. wilii tin- Dlmiiur
jmrty, who iiiii«tiy |pt'ri.»in'ii in thi! hiiow, ii^t't
wirli the fimiily 11 f<'W linyi* lieforo iiml triivtl«'l
Biilcly to till' viiiii-y of tiiK Saciaiimnto.

fK()IJ(;K ){. KAUltA. M. 1).. n ropresentn-
I tlv<> citi/.i'ii of OorMillis, Hiul a ))roiniiiuiit
"^p^ inrdical pfactilioncr of theold Hidiool, wn^-
lioni in Woodford comity. Ki'iitucky. Soptcii^
licr lit, WVii. IIJH |>arciit8 wori', .loliii I' and
Mai'tiia .1. Karra, iioth nativi'sof thu l?lne (iiaxs
State, of (tt-rinan and Scotcdi ancestry. They
were married, .Inly 30, 1840, and ronioved to
riattc coitnty, AlisBonri. in 1H47. where the
father of (ieorge died, September 9, 18.12, and
the motlifr i(<married.

Tlie Huliject of thin sketch was reared in
I'hittt^ county, Miseonri, and iiis early life v,ai>
devoted to t'anninji. lie luid very few educa-
tional advaiita^cH, owing to the death of his
latiier his schooling was neglected. This losE
he repaired in later years hy his own exertions
and litteil himself for a professional career,
lie eni^aged in the grocery business at IIiii.'-
boldt, Allen county, Kansas, in 1S72, two years
siibse(juently returning to I'latte county, where
he (Migaged in the drug iiiisiness, until 1875.
I)uring this time lie read medicine under the
able Dr. \W V. Moore, and entered the medical
department of the University of Louigville, in
1875. where he completed his entire course of
lectures in medicine and surgery, graduating in
1877. From 1875 to 1877, he practiced some
in Louisville, and in the spring of the same
year he came to Oregon, estaolished a residence
and opened an oflice in the city of Corvallis,
where he hns practiced ever r.:.c3. The Doctor
is a close student, aiiil keeps thoroughly p.-steil
with the inarcli of science. In busiiieis ••da-
tions, as well as professional, he has been suc-
cessful and prosperous, and is at this time a
large stockholder in. many of the important
enterprises of this city, among whicdi may be
mentioned the Corvallis Water Company, which
was incorporated in 1885. lie is its president
and principal stockholder, and is ali^o a director

of the Oregon iV raeitie Kaiiroad Coinpuny.

and holds stock in tii(* ('orvalils Carriage Man-
ufacturing Coiii|iaiiv. lie is also a director of
tlie Willamettt- i.Hnii \' l.onn Association, in-
coorporateil in ISHW. lie is a member of tiio
State Medical Itoard, and has been a member
<if the (Jity Council, and has fcerved as ('oiinty
I'hysician.

'I'lu.' Doctor was married, in I'l.Ute county,
.Missouri, .laniuiry !t, 187;}, to Miss Amna
Hamilton, a native of .Missouri. They have no
children, death Inning rolibed them of their
two treasures in infiincy. Socially, the Do.ctor
MtHiiiiti with the A. V. & A. M.. also A. O H.
W. of (y'orvallis, and has been the Kxamining
I'nysician of the last named order for the past
eleven years, having resigned that position but
recently.

<mB'

IMilAM (jL.\SS, deceased, an honor-
able and highly respecti'd pioneer of
1H50, was born in Steubeiiville, Ohio,
Septeirdier 21, 18i}2. lie was of Scotch Irish
extraction, his family coming from the north of
Ireland in 181(5, His parents removed to War-
ren county, Illinois, wdien he was only a child.
He came to ('alifornia, in 184!>. and engaged in
mining on the American river, but one year
later he came to Oregon, and first located near
Hrownsville. He also engaged in mining at
Jacksonville for a time. He was a participant
in the Indian wars and was well and favorably
known tiironghout the entire county as an earlj
pioneer.

His education had been neglected on account
of his been thrown on his own resources so
early, but this defect he remedied by 6tu<ly in
his idle moments, and at the age of twentytivo
he completed his acailemic course at the Union
Point Academy in 1857. He subsequently
traded his property in Linn county for some in
Benton, to which latter county he removed in
1858, where lie actively engaged in farmiiig
until the day of his death, which occurred .May
25, 1802.

Mr. Glass was married to Miss Lucy 1>.
HIaine, in 1858, a native of Leesburg, Indiana.
Her parents were William B. and Rachel (Nye)
Blaine, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, re-
spectively. The family crossed the plains to
Oregon, in 1852, and located near Brownsville,

450

HISTORY OP OREGON.

ti-

> t

! i

r.i

I.iiip eoimty, where Mrs. Glass was reared to
wiiiiiaiiliDod and marri(Ml. She now resides with
licr cliildri'ii, iMilian A., Frank and Uohert L.,
on the estate, h)cate(i near Corvaliis, consisting
of 300 aeies, 150 of wliieh are well improved
and in a his;h <leirree of cultivation.

lie was hronjtht np in the Associate Uefortii
Chnrch, and was a ineinher of the United Pres-
i)yterian Chiireli at his death. Jle was a strong
advocate of all the reforms, and was politically
a I'rohihitionist. Ills influence will be felt in
his county for a long time to come.

€(W^-

fW. JOIINSOX. — Ainoncr the recent es-
tal)lishments of southern Oregon is the
•* Southern Oregon Hrewing, Ice and Cold
Storage Company, whicli was organized by the
following name(l gentlemen: G. W. Johnson,
Fredrick Luthmeir, William Johnson and II.
11. McCarthy. The company began business in
August, 1892, and are manufacturing artificial
ice, and do a larije brewina business, which ex-
tends south into northern ('alifornia, as far as
^[arysville, and north into the Willamette val-
ley. Also furnishing the towns and hamlets of
the adjacent counties with ice.

The city of Medford was selected for this
plant, in cousecjuence of its being the central
point of .he Rogue river valley, and possessing
greater water and railroad facilities. Thebuild-
irg has a frontage of thirty- two feet, the depth
l)eiug eighty six feet, and the height being thirty-
eight feet. It is operated by steam of fifty
horse power, and has a dailj' capacity of five
tons of ice and six tons of cold storage.

The brewery department is equipped with a
kettle of fifteen barrels capacity, and can brew
that amount daily if the demand requires it.
The ice manufactory aiul brewery are conducted
jointly and iii the sr.nie plant, and all under the
same covtr. The interior is fitted with all the
modern machinery of the latest design and pat-
tern, both in the brewery and ice departments.
The machinery in the ice department was man-
ufactured and designed by G. W. Johnson, this
bein.g the second plant in the State using the
same apparatus, which for economy, 8im|)licity
and many other desirable advantages is perhaps
unexcelled.

As a mechanical genius Mr. Johnson is cer-
tainly entitled to recognition. The gentlemen

who coin])rise the company are men of execu-
tive ability, progressive and enterprising, and
the community should feel highly honored with
such residents.

G. W. Johnson, the junior ineml>er of the
firm, is a native of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He
was born April 27, 18t)3, and was reared and
received a liberal education in the city of his
birth, and there learned the machinist trade in
his father's shop. lie is the son of William
and Christina (Haas) Johnson. The former a
native of Ohio, of Dutch parentage, and the
latter was born in Germany. They have three
children, G. W. Johnson being the second child.
lie removed with the family to Portland, Ore-
gon in 1S84. Here the father and son estab-
lished and carried on a machine and repair shop
until 181)0.

The latter has for several years made chemis-
try and kindred studies a specialty, which no
doubt led to the organization of the Consumer's
Artificial Ice, and Cold Storage Company of
Portland. He was the chief promoter of that
enterprise, and later developmentf at this point.
Although comparatively a stranger he is one of
Med ford 's wo'thy and progressive (Mtizens, and
is highly respected in the community.

'^m^

§KA J. CROFUl'T, one of the leading busi
^ ness men of Weston, was born in Guthrie
i^ county, Iowa, Octolier 17, 1858. He re-
mained in Iowa until he was ten years old,
when his parents removed to Oregon. The
trip was made across the plains in wagons, the
journey consuming six months. He was the
oldest of the two children born to his parents,
Albert and Irene (Walters) Oofntt.

The father of our subject was a native of
Pennsylvania and came to Iowa at an early date
and here he was married, but soon after the
birth of the second child, Mrs. C'rot'utt was
taken away, leaving two children, Ira and ('ora.
Mr. Crofutt was married a second time to Miss
Anwise Davis and in 1868 the family removed
to Oregon and settle<l in llmatilla county,
where the father resided for many years and
nine children were born to hint there. Mr.
and Mrs. (Irofutt, Sr., are now living near Ar-
lington, Oregon, both having attained a ripe
old age.

Our subject was reared on the farm and as
soon HB he was old enough he pre-emptied u

niSTOHY OF OHKGON.

451'

quarter section, wliich he occupied, improving
it and farming for some years. Concluding to
change liis hnsiiiess lie removed to Weston and
engaged in tlie livery business, in which he
continued for a while and then removed to
Adams and started a stable there, where he re-
mained for some time and then returned to his
farm and continued on it for two years, when
he returned to Weston, built a store and en-
gaged in the grocery and fruit business and is
still pursuing the same occupation. He carries
a stock worth S2,500 and is doing an average
business of $11,000 per annum. Although
Mr. Crofntt was reared on the farm and re-
ceived no other advantages of education, except
tho?" afforded by the common public schools,
he possesses good business ability and is consid-
ered a great benefactor to Weston. Hy his
close attention to business Mr. Crofntt lias
made the property he now possesses. ILe, like
many others started in life with nothing, but
by economical labors earned a competency.

Mr. Crofntt wat, married, June 29, 1884, to
Miss Nettie Wlieeler, of Wisconsin. She came
to Oregon, in 1883, to visit a sister and while
here married Mr. Crofntt. Mrs. Crofutt's
father was killed in the late war, but the mother
still resides in Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Cro-
fntt have had three children, of whom only one,
a little girl, Mable, is now living. Mr. Cro-
fntt is a member of the K. of P. I/odge, at
Weston, and both he and his estimable wife are
highly esteemed citizens of the town in which
they have made so many friends.

-=*-»

'f"^-

tARRY L BOWMER, one of Umatilla
county's most enterprising and popular
newspaper men, was born in Amador
county, California, March 4, 1858. His father.
Judge J. C. Bowmer, was Itorn in Kentucky,
studied law and was admitted to tlie bar at the
age of twenty-one. In 1849 ho went to Cali-
fornia, where he was married to Miss Lorena
Hayes, a niece of e.x-President Hayes. Mrs.
Bowmer died in 1860, leaving one child, the
subject of this sketch, who was then only two
years old. Four years after the death of his
wife Judj^-e Bowmer removed to Nevada and
our subject attended the common schools of
Reno, Nevada, after which he learned the
printer trade, which he has followed success-

ftiliy for many years, graduating from the case
and rising step by step until he lias lieen chosen
at diffei'ent times to till the editorial chair on
the loading papers of the coast. In ISSl he
went to (Jolfax, Washington, where he i>ur-
cliased a paper called the Colfax Vidette,
started by the Hon. E. N. Sweet and -I. W.
Dolittle. He remained on that paper for two
years, then sold out and was given the manage-
ment of the Walla Walla Statesman, which he
held for three years and then bought the Pom-
eroy Times. This paper he also disposed of,
after maiiaguig it for some time and accepted a
position on the Oregonian at Portland, where
he continued seventeen months and then went
back to Walla Walla and accepted the editorial
chair of the Statesman, continued there until
he bought the ^[ilton Eagle.

In t lie fall of 18U0 he was induced by the
Republicans of Umatilla county to go to I'en-
dleton and take charge of the Pendleton Tri-
bune and conduct it through tiie fall campaign
of 1890. As soon as the campaign was over
he lx)ught the Weston Leader, took charge of
it and has built it up until it is second to no
paper in the county.

Our subject was married November, 1879,
to Miss Minnie M. Mann, of Reno, Nevada,
who has borne him two children, namely:
Charles, a bright little fellow of twelve, and
Lorena, a charming little maiden of five. Mr.
Bowmer is a member of the order K. of P. and
is treasurer of the lodge. As is needless to
say, our subject is a strong Republican in poli-
tics and is a man respected for his intellectual-
ity and many sterling traits. of character.

lENRY W. I) WIGHT, one of the promi-
nent pioneers of the coast, wa.i born in Ni-
agara county, New York, Marci 13, 1838,
and i* the second son of Henry W. and Eliza
C. Dwight, nee Chaplin, both natives of New
York. Mr. Dwight, Sr., died in 1842, when our
subject was only four years old, but the mother
survived until 1881, when she too died, aged
seventy- two years.

When Henry was eighteen years old he and
his brother started for California and landed
there in the fall of 185(), where he remained un-
til the spring of 1857, when he came to Oregon
and settled at Dayton and engaged in the nur'

a^B

I'HI

4S2

HISTORY OF ORBOON.

Hery Imsiness, whiuii ho coiitiiiiieil for tlirec
years. lie then went to I'litish Coliiinhia iind
clerki'd in a merciintile establishment and re-
mained there one year, wiien he again returned
to Oregon and from tliere went to Florence,
Idaiio, and engagetl in mining, next in mercan-
tile pursuits, wliieli lie followed with good re-
sults until 1807 and then returned to Portland,
and in ISIiit <'iimu to Union county, and settled
in La (irande, where he has since resided, en-
gaged in various pursuits. In 1876 he received
the appointment, from I'resident Hayes, of Keg-
ister of the Unite<l States liand OtKce. at lia
tTrunde, and served in that capacity for eight
years and a half. After the e.xpiration of his
term of office he engaged in shipping stock and
selling agricultural implements and lately en-
gage<l in the grocery business. He has one of
the neatest stores in his town and carries a stock
valued at !5>4:,50(). For a new man in the busi-
ness he has a good trade that is steadily increas-
ing. Mr. Dwight is the owner of a good resi-
dence and other town ])roperty and has been
reasonably successful in his different busi-
ness ventures. Like many of the jjioneers he
started West with only enough to take him
across the Isthmus to (lalifornia, and all of his
nioney he has made since, without aid from any
one. He has made a great deal of money, but
has lost much.

ifr. Dwight was married, in 1871, to Mrs.
Emily lireed, daughter of C. W. Ue Pew. She
was a native of New York, born in 1842, and
came to Oregon with her parents in 1858. Her
first husband died, leaving her with one boy,
Clarence F. lireed, who has adopted his step-
father's name and iu)w signs his name, Clarence
E. Dwight. .Mr. and Mrs. Dwight have had two
children, namely: llattie May, now a young
lady; and Frank D. Dwight, si.xteen years of
.ige.

Mr. Dwight has servc^d the city as Mayor,
having been elected on the Itepublican ticket.
He has also served as ('ity Recorder. His first
vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln. .Mr. Dwight
has always been an enterprising man, ready to
assist in any project calculated to beiu'fit his
town i.Tid surrounciing county. He has always
taken an active interest in the politics of his
party.

■— rj**'

"*-

E L S ( ) N A. M I L L E R, one of the self-
made business men of Umatilla county,
Oregon, is the subject of this sketch. He
was born in Delaware county, Iowa, .January 3.
1858. The name of his father was A. 1^. Miller,
who married Mrs. Matilda Lewis, a native of
Missouri. When Grandfather Lewis died our
subject was ten years of age and the grandparent
was 101, in 18(18. The father of our subject
nu)ved to southern Iowa and there the mother
dietl at the age of fifty-three years. Mr. Miller
married a second time and our subject did not
wish to remain with his stepmother, therefore
started out from home alone, without a cent, at
the age of fourteen years.

The first business contract our subject formed
was that of hiring out to work for a farmer for
§25 for one year with clothes. The next year
he had $75 and clothed himself and the follow-
ing year he began to learn the trade of a car-
penter, serving an apprenticeship for three years.
His lu^xt venture was in the painting business,
and another art for some time, then clerked in a
hotel for Mr. McKey of Centerville, Iowa, for
two years. At this time our subject liad seen
something of his surrounding neighborhood, and
he then went to Warrensburg, Missouri, where
he worked at the trade of painter for a year.

Desiring to seethe western country, Mr. Miller
then traveled to Kansas and Colorado for some
time in the interest of the Sliotwell target gun,
returning to Centerville, in 1883 fie went to
Kansas City, Missouri, and engaged with Lewis
& Co's, (Treat West Paint Company, taking
charge of the painting sijuad and ])aint depots
for all the railroad buildings and bridges on the
(tulf road, from Kansas City to Memphis, Ten-
nessee. Later he returned to ('enterville, re-
maining but a short time. PVom here he went
to Waukena, Kansas, where he engaged in the
8hip])ingof fowls of all kinds to Denver, Colo-
rado.

Our subject sold this business and returned to
Kansas City, where he entered the Union Sig-
nal service, and after traveling all over tlie
country he received his <liscliarge at Philadel-
phia and then returned to Iowa. In 1886 he
was married to Miss Finma Storinfeltz, a native
of Iowa, who was reared in Iowa. Soon after his
marriage, our subject came to Oregon, settling
at Atheiuiand in March, 1886, bought out Will-
iam Wagoner's furniture and undertaking store,
but in 1889 sold it to W. M. King. and in 1890
he took the store back again.

HISTOUY Oh' OliEOON.

iWi

While our siilyeet was out of buHincHB lie
visited tiie Sound country, looiiing for a loca-
tion, made a visit to his liome in Iowa, returned
and again settled in Athena. At this place Mr.
Miller carries a stock of furniture, valued at
$3,000, iind is doing a business of -^7,000, owns
his residence and two other lots. Mi', and Mrs.
Miller have one little boy, K. A. Miller, born
December, 1887. Mr. .^Iiller is a member of
the l[a?onic order, having tilled some of the
most important offices in that fraternity, and
also carries a $5,000 insurance policy in the or-
der. J'olitically our suiiject is a ilepublican and
upholds the principles of that party. Althouirh
in his youth he had very limited advantages for
obtaining an edueatioii he embraced every op-
portunity oftered. He taught himself while act-
ing as clerk in the hotel. Having earned all that
he owns he very naturally appreciates it. Ilia
prospects are bright and as he is yet a young
man he has the future l)efore him.

iDELMA },{. ELKINS is a representative
business woman of the Western coast, a
native of the State of Oreifon, born on her
father's farm, just east of lioss island on the
Oregon City road, August 31, 1853. ller father,
Edward Long, was born in Columbus, Ohio,
June 3, 1817. On January 19, 184:7, he mar-
ried Miss Martha J. Wills, a daughter of George
W. Wills, latterly of Willsburg, (Jiegoii, and a
few days after started in company with his
young bride, her parents, and a number of
others, on their long and perilous journey across
the plains to Oregon. Arriving there, Mr. Long
secured a donation land claim just south of
East Portland, which now ■■.ijoins the city
limits; here he settled, improved and built upon
it and resided there for thirty years, a most
worthy pioneer, a true and honorable man,
highly esteemed by all who knew him. His
death occurred February 20, 1889 (for further
particulars concerning him see sketch of Ed-
ward Long in this work). The ancestors of the
family settled in New Hampshire in 1721, and
trace their ancestry back to Argylesliire, Scot-
land, previous to 1(500. Mr. and Mrs. Long had
four daughters, all of whom are living. No-
vember 21, 1855, the devoted wife and mother
was removed by deatli from her husband and
little family.

The youngest and snlyect of this sketcii, waa

then two years of age. As she grew up she
did the work wliii'h fanners' diiughters usually
do, and attended school. Mr. Long was one of
the most e.xtensive fruit-growers in the State,
and as the fi'uit was often brought ilown the
river in a tow-boat to Portland, the girls be-
cajiie experts with the oar.- and in the manage-
ment of the boat, ami Mrs. Elkin.-! rcnieinbcrs
with pleasure those trips in her girlhood days,
to and from Portland, in the early summer
mornings. The girls were also expert horse-
women. When eighteen 3'ear8 of age, Aaelnia
M. Long was married to Curtis W. Elkins, a
native of Mew Hampshire, and by occupation a
machinist and engineer. The fruit of this' mar-
riage were three daughters: Maud. Afabie and
Pearl. Little Mable, a sweet, cherished Hower,
was transplanted from earth to heaven when
one year old, leaving memories to those who
loved her of an angel with goldyn hair, blue
eyes and a sunny disposition. Maud and Pearl
are bright, intelligent, pleasing young ladies;
they are with their mother and afford her much
valuable assistance and companionship.

A[r8. Elkins inherited eighty acres of land
from her mother's estate, but in 1879 all had
been lost through bad management of others.
She was then a widow, and had to start out
alone into the world to support herself and
two little ones. She did sewing, embroidery,
and kept roomers, and in this way supported
herself and children, sending them to school
and giving them a liberal education. In 1888
she began on a very small cajjital, investiinr in
real estate in Portland and made some protitablo
transactions and rapidly acquired a knowledge
of the business, and exhibited remarkably good
judgment in regard to locations and Values.
Property was placed in her hands to sell, and
she was also engaged to make purcha.ses. She
soon became noted as a careful, wise and suc-
cessful operator. In 1890 her net income from
real estate transactions reached the handsome
sum of $30,000. She also made large sums for
her patrons; the same year she made for one
$20,000, another .*§11,000, another $9,000, and
for many smaller amounts. She is owner of
several valuable pieces of Portland property,
also owns property on the Sound and other lo-
cations.

Tn 1890 Mrs. Elkins was appointed a Notary
Public for the State of Oregon by Covernor
Peniioyer, and is at present serving her second
two-year term as such.

454

in STORY OF OltKdON.

She is now, in connection witli her real-estate
bnsiness, jiroprietor and Inillla^fOl• of tiie Hotel
Portsinoiitli, recently built by the owner, Miss
Helen F. Spawlding, on the southeast corner
of Park and Alder Btreets, Portland. The
Portsmouth is elegantly furnished, heated
throughout by steam, ami lighted by gas, a
model in arranireinent and appearance, fitted up
and run as a first class rooming house, has sixty-
five rooms, and is convenient to the business ;
center of the city. Mrs. Klkins opened the ]
Portsmouth January 1, 1892, and before the
first month had passed the house was will tilled
with desirable tenants. Mrs. Elkins has many
warnf friends, who rejoice at her success, and i
she richly deserves the prosperity which her !
courage and business tact have attained. The I
liistory of this energetic Portland lady should
form an incentive to other gooil women to
similar worthy efforts.

ill. JESSE IlINKLE is among the promi-
nent medical practioiiers and progressive
citizens of Central Point. lie located at
Central Point six years ago, and in addition to
his professional practice, which has been a
lucrative one, he also carries on the drug busi-
ness, and deals in real estate, lie is the owner
of considerable business and residence property
in the city, and has great faith in the future
])ros|)erity of the city.

lie has exerted his best energies toward its
growth ;ind odvancement, and has been closely
identified with some of its most important en-
terprises from the start, and is over ready to
encourage all matters of a public nature, which
have for their object the advancement of the
town and the comity. Among the mo&t im-
portant enter[)rises of Central Point is the Rogue
Kiver Sugar Pine Fluming Company, which
was incorporated in 18'.)2, by the following
named gentlemen, Jesse Ilinkle, E. Pleasant
and Ilaskel Amy. The capital stock consists
of §187,000, divided into shares of If!l00 each.
The Doctor was the principal promoter, and was
instrumental in raising the stock for this im-
portant enter])rise. The flume is to be forty

miles in length, heading at a point near the
Rogue river falls, in a section where the sugar
pine growth is probably not equaled, either in
<juaiitity or quality on the Pacifi(! coast; the

terminus, being at Central Point, will in the
near future atld wonderfully to the growth and
jirosjierity of this llourisliing city, and make it
one of the most important towns of southern
Oregon. The route is surveyed and located and
ready to be let to building contractors. When
built it will irrigate 100,000 acres of Jand and
have a respectable capacity for floating lumber
to market.

A brief sketch of the life and changes of Dr.
Ilinkle in as follows: He was born in Davis
county. North Carolina, October 10, 1827. He
was the son of Kaspar and Plioebe (Todd)
Ilinkle. The father was born in the Keystone
State, and was of German extraction, while his
wife was of English extraction, also born in
North Carolina. They were the parents of eight
children, the Doctor being the fifth child.
Hi ])arent8 removed to the State of Indiana,
aii't located in I'utnani county, where the subject
of this sketch received his education, and fol-
lowed farm life.

The Doctor, when quite a young man, en-
gaged in buying and selling stock, and in the
meantime reading medicine, under the direction
of Dr. William Mathews, a prominent physician
of (ireen Castle, Indiana, lie attended lectures
at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1850, and two years later
removed to Effingham connty, Illinois, where he
practiced eight years, from there he went to
Mercer county, Missouri, atid in 1862 he re-
iiioved to Madison county, Iowa, later to Me-
hiitka county, locating at O'kaloosa, where he
remained in practice many yeius, subsequently
removing to Illinois, and thence to Oregon in
1882.

The Doctor has been married twice, flrst in
Putnam county, Indiana, August 31, 1851. His
wife died in 1872, leaving a family of four
children, namely: Mary E., Melissa A., Sarah
J., and Viola. He was married the second
time in Morgan county, Illinois, to an estimable
widow lady, Mrs. E. 1). Cooper. In political
matters the Doctor is a stanch Republican, and
takes an active interest in the welfare of his
party.

IHARLES STEWART, of llillsboro. Ore-
gon,one of the honored pioneers of Oregon
of 1846, was born in St. Charles county,
Missouri, April !), 1818. His grandfather,
Thomas Stewart, was an early settler of Ken-

IlIHTOltY OF OIlICaON.

455

\ ■

tucky, and served in the Uevoliitioiiary war,
and liis fatlier, Henjniiiin, was born in Kentucky,
wlu'i'e lie married Misis Eiizalietli Wocid.a native
of Virginia. They had a family of six ehildrcn,
and in 1840 crossed the plains to Oregon, thi'ee
of the children then being married, and" they
with their wives and children joineil the party.
They came to Polk county, where the father
pnrchased land and settled upon the Dove dona-
tion claim, on the Hickreall. He had (J-tO acres
of land, and after remaining npon this one
year he came to Oregon and worked at his
trade of blacksmith, on the Clackamas river.

At thifi time he removed to a farm of 040
acres of timber land, three miles east of Oregon
City, an<l in 1849 removed to the Ilazelwitch
farm in Washington county, where ho resided
until the time of his death, which occurred
May 19, 1850, when he was in his seventy-
seventh year. He was an honest Democrat, a
good Baptist and a liard-working, honest man.
Charles Stewart, who is the subject of this
sket.h, served in the Florida war in 1835, and
WHS in his twenty-.seventli year when ho came to
Oregon. He had married in Missouri, Miss
Martha Ann Wood, a native of Boone county,
Missouri, born in 1826. They brought with
tlieui their first born son William, who now
resides in California. The journey across the
plains was a long an<l tedious one of eight
months, and they suffered many privations, and
had the misfortune to lose by death the only
sister, Nancy. They buried her in Umpqua
valley, and pen cannot describe their sadness
of such a bereavement and burial. After
crossing the Coast Range of mountains, on their
coming to Oregon, they lande<l at the head of
the Willamette valley. They left their worn-
out teams, and were so nearly starved that they
hired the French to pack them to the French
settlement, a distance of 150 miles. They
crossed the three forks of the Willamette river
on ponies, Mrs. Stewart holding her child in
her arms, while the ponies were swimming.
The whole distance was traveled, and nothing
to eat only the game that was killed. It was
snowing and raiidng all the time, and very
cold. The 23d day of December, 1846, in the
Willamette valley, was the first they slept in a
house for eight months.

Our subject took a claim near his father's
land in Washington county, at that time 040
acres of wild land, and upon this he builf the
log house of the pioneer. The family had but

little in the way of furniture, and not much
variety in their food, living principally on
boiled wlieiit and milk, but they all grew fat,
healthy and strong. Here he and his good
pioneer wife lived, working hard, and when
they ])ro8pered she rejoiced, and here they reared
!i linnily of ten children. The oldest child,
Sarah, was born in Oregon. She nnirried Mr.
,Fohn Thomas, but died in her twenty third
year; Mary Adaline became the wife of John
Simpson, and resides near Hillsboro on a farm;
Martha Jane married Mr. Andrew Jack, and
resides in Farmington, Washington county;
Susan married Mr. George Fuller, and they
reside in Spokane. They own a farm near.
John Benjamin is a farmer, and lives three
miles south of Hillsboro; Georgo resides in
Portland; Emma married Mr. James McC'larkin,
and resides in Washington county; Charles
resides with his parents; EfHe married Mr. James
D. Atley, and resides in East Portland.

Mr. and Mrs. Stewart resided on the farm
thirty six years, making a valuable property of
it, then sold the place and retired to Hillsboro,
Vihere they purchased lots and Imilt a nice resi-
dence. Here these worthy pioneers are spend-
ing the evening of a well spent life, with their
large family of nine children living within a
short distance, at the farthest but a day's jour-
ney. Mrs. Stewart looks young for a lady who
has almost reached her iiftietii anniversary of
her wedding day. She possesses a cheerful dis-
position, and is a leading member of the Chris-
tian Church.

Mr. Stewart is a good Democrat in his polit-
ical belief. His seventy-four years of hard
industry has left him still a stout man, and they
both look backward with pleasure to those
[lioneer days in Oregon, when they started with
nothing but hope and a big stock of industry,
and they say that those early days were the hap-
piest days of their lives. It is not necessary to
add that Mr. and Mrs. Stewart are well known
and that they have a host of friends, for such
things always follow such faithful lives as theirs
have been.

lUMAN H. NICHOLS, who for years has
been the obliging and capable Postmaster of
Garden Home, Washington county, Oregon,
native of Vermont, born August 17, 1832.
father, Ephraim C. Nichols, was born i

4nii

hrSTOIiV OF (illKddX.

Verinout in 1802. Graiidfutliur iM'iistiis Nichols,
wns ft resident of South (Carolina, and sevtTal of
tiie family participated in tiie war for indepeixl-
fiice, and fonght in the Jinttlc of Ticondcrofjn.
Mr. Nichols' father Tnarried Miss Ahigail
Grout, a native of his own State, born in ISIO,
and they had a family of eleven children, four
of whom are living. The father died in his

d ''le mother

eighty eighth year
seventy-tirst.

< )nr suliject was the eldest child, and was edu-
cated in his native town until the age f)f eight-
een years, when he hegan t(> do business for
liiinself. First he worked as a farm Iwy for
wages, and attended school in winter, until he
was twenty years old. He was economical and
industrious, and soon was aide to purchase a
tine piece of land, wiiich he gave to his father.
The marriage of our subject took place Novem-
ber I'i, 1852. to Miss Mary Ann Waterman, a na-
tive of Vermont, and one child was born of
this marriage, named Frank. Mrs. Nichols was
only spared to her husband five years. Frank
resides in Vermont, and there our 6ul)ject con-
tinued to reside a number of years. In 1803
he married Miss Anna Thurston, born in Ver-
mont, December 27, 1849, a daughter of Mr.
James Thornton.

During the civil war Mr. Nicliols served as
a sutler on his own account in the Second Ver-
mont Urigade. He owned a home in V^ermont
for a number of years, and also a carpenter
shop, where he did a large manufacturing and
coopering businees. In 1867 he came to Ore-
gon l)y water, landing at Portland, lie bought
property at Oswego, and the family resided for
two years at East Portland, bnt in 1871 they
came to (Jarden Home, where Mr. Nichols pur-
chased eighty-five acres of rich land in a choice
locality, on which lie has since resided, engaged
in farining and in building. On his property
he has a good residence, tine frnit and all of the
comforts of life. He built a good store, and in
this he keeps a general stock of goods, and
attends to the duties of the post office, a>5 lie has
been the efKcient Postmaster for the ])ast ten
years. In politii^s he is a Democrat, but is such
a straightforward, reliable citizen, that none in
llie neighborhood have ever desired any change.
no matter what changes may have taken place
at Washington.

Mr. Nichols is ably assisted by his obliging
wife, who has proved to be a fdilhful helpmate.
They are highly respected people through the

county, and are deeply attached to the State,
where they have passed the last twenty years of
life,

'^^-^i<^if^7^-^

A. MILLIOUX, one of the representa.
tive citizens of Junction City, was born
<* in Campbell county, Virginia, in Au-
gust, 1828, a son of .lohn and Mary W. (iiee)
Milliorn. who were also Virginians by birth.
The father was a wagon-maker by trade, and
also paid some attention to agriculture; in 1883
he removed to Alonroe county, Tennessee, where
he lived until 1843, removing then to Jackson
county. Missouri. He crossed the plains in
1852, and arriving in Oregon ht^ located a dona-
tion claim one mile west of Junction City, and
engaged in farming.

Our subject remained with his parents until
he had attained his majarity; he had learned
the wagon-maker's trade, and manufactured the
vehicle in which lie and three companions
crossed the plains to California, in the summer
of 1849. Ihe trip was fraught with the usual
hardships and dangers; on Feather river they
were caught in a snowstorm, and preserved the
lives of their o.xen by feeding them bread and
bacon cooked together. They pushed ahead,
and reaching Lawson's they sold tlieir cattle, and
digging out canoes, went down the river to
Sacramento City. Here they built a skiff, and
went up the Sacramento river to Marysville,
where Mr. Milliorn went to work at carpentering
at I? 12 per day; for three months lu* followed
this occupation, and then went to the mines on
Trinity river, where he passed the summer, mak-
ing from S15 to $18 per day. In the fall of
1850. he bought a |)ack-train of sixteen animals,
and until 1852 packed from Colusa to Trinity
and Vreka mines. July 12, 1852, he arrived in
the Willamette valley, and took up a claim west
of Junction, on which his (iitlier settled later in
the year; he then nnide another claim of 100
acres, which became the site of .Junction City,
anci later added 140 acres by purchase. In 1870
he sold ninety acres to Hen llolladay for rail-
roa ' purjjoses, and afterward laid out several
additions to the town, until the original cl.'iim
and purchase are reduced to forty acres. Ilo
owns 13() acres, three miles 8(Uitheast of tlie
towij, where he has been engaged in agriculture;
he ha? also followetl his (riid(! at Junction C!ity.
In 1888 he rented his land, and retired from

insToiir OF oHEnox.

MS'

the iinliioiiK liilwrs, wliicli \\w\ for so inuny years
uoiisiiiiit'd liih time iiitd eiu'rju;ie8.

iMr. Millioni whs inarriu'l in Lano county in
IStiii, to Miss Eliza K. Aubrey, a dauirliter of
T. N. Aubrey, a ]>ioiiuer of 18o(). Mrs. Mil-
lion! (lied it) 1S77, leaving four eliildren: N'ina
A., wife of I). C Gore; Cora I,ee, wife of Will-
iam liurt; Frank B., an extensive stock-dealer
in eastern (>re;L;on; and James 15., who died
when nearly seven years old. In 1S78 ^[r.
JUilliorn married Miss Mary J>. Hill, a native
of Iowa, and the result of this union is two
children: EfKe Gertrude and ^lerle. PoliticiUly,
Mr. Milliorn attiliates with the Democratic
])arty, hut ho has always confined his energies to
private affairs. He is a member of the Masonic
order, and in both business and social circles he
is highly respected by the entire conimunity.

fSi^>

^^^-^^^

fAMES A. lU'SIIXELL, one of the repre-
sentative citizens of Junction City, was
born in Cattaraugus county. New York, in
182(i, a son of Daniel and Ursula (Pratt) liush-
iiell, luitives of Connecticut; the parents emi-
grated to the State of New York about the year
1810. and there ^Mr. BushncU followed far.ming
until 1830, removing that year to Ohio, where
he passed the closing days of his life. James
A., the subject of this notice, remained with his
parents in Ohio until after the death of the
father; then he ami his mother joined the tide
of Western emigration, and journeyed westward
to Adair county, Missouri. lie was married in
1850, to Miss Elizabeth C. Atkins, and two
years later ho started across the plains to the
I'acifie coast. In partnership with two other
men, Mr. liushnell fitted up a prairie wagon
with four yokes of o.xen, and made the trip in
live months; arriving at Salem, they continued
southward to the mines in Shasta county; they
mined until the summer of 1853. with satisfac-
tory results. Mr. Hnshnell then went to San
Francisco, and tiience by steamer and the Ni-
caragua route, returned to Missouri for his
fav.iily; upon his arrival he found a cold hearth-
stone and empty home, as his family had already
started across the plains to Oregon. Retracing
his steps, be came by steamer and the Istbmns
of I'anaiiux, arriving in duo course at Portland.
Proceeding up the valley he searched for his

loved ones, and at SpringHeld therts was a joyous
meeting.

In the fall of 1853 ho located a donation claim
of 320 acres, six miles south of Junction ('ity,
and engaged in general agricultural pursuits;
he lived upon this j)lace until 1865, when he
sold it, and bought 800 acres bordering the
Willamette river, four miles southeast of tl unc-
tion City. There he pursued the same occupa-
tion until 1875, when he removed to . I unction
City, where he has since resided, although he
still retains his farm, and owtis other agricult-
ural lands. Mrs. Hushnell died in 1868, leaving
four children, two of whom survive: Lucy J.,
wife of William M. Pitney; and Helen V., wife
of C. J. Ehrman. Mr. Bushnell was married a
second time in 1870, to Mrs. Saruh E. (Farrell)
Powell, and they have had born to them five
children, oidy two living, Henry C. and
Myrtie G.

It was in 1874 that Mr. Hushnell l)uilt a
warehouse at Junction City, and afterward
bought the grain elevator, which he continues to
0])erate. He established the water-works in
1879, supplying the town and railroad com-
panies, lie has taken a deep interest in tiio
city and in developing her resources. For four
terms he has served as a member of the Coun-
cil, and during two terms has been Mayor.
Politically, he adheres to tiie principles of the
Prohibition party, and in his religious faith, is
a devout supporter of thc^ doctrines of the
Christian Church. In 1892 ho superintended
the erection of the new church edihce.

He was one of the organizers of the Junction
City Hotel Company, and is always ready and
willing to join any enterprise that will tend to
the l)est interests of the place. Having lived a
life of honor and integrity, he has the respect
and confidence of his fellow-men.

fAMALIEL G. NEWTON, a higlily re-
spected pioneer of Oregon and a prosper-
ous farmer of Benton county, in which he
located in 1848, was born in IJcking county,
Ohio, November 7, 1839.

His parents were Abiathar and Rachel (Gar-
linghonse) Newton, both natives of Hampden
county, Massachusetts, the former born August
8, 1800. the latter. January 10, 1805. They
were married October 5, 182<), and after forty-
three years of married life in Kentucky, Ohio,

4B8

lIlsroiiY Uf OUKHOS.

* :.;

Iowa and Oiesron, Mtb. Newton died August
18, 1809. She was the inotlier r,f eight chil-
dren. Her liushiind snrvives iiiid was married
in I'xMitoii county, Oregon, April 2. 1JS71, to
iVIrs. Lydia 1'. Dudge iyiiee Nash).

Tlie subject of tliis si<etch removed witli his
parents to Van 15ur(>n county, Iowa, in 1840,
wliere he remained for seven years, wiien tlie
family crossed the plains to Oregon, settlint; in
Denton county. Mr. Newton was reared to
farm life, which lie has always followed. He
has resided lor ir any years on his present farm,
locate<l four miles we.~t of Corvallis, and which
consists of 800 acres, 150 of which is cultivated
to farming, two acres heing in an orchard of a
variety of fruit.

Ho was married <in October 26, 1862, to
jMiss Susan AVood, a native of Iowa and a daugh-
ter of the late Rev. Jease Wood, an eminent
minister and a native ot Virginia, who came to
Oregon in 1858. Hy his first marriage, which
occurred on October 4, 1827, there were two
children: Klizabeth and Joseph ('. His second
wife was Martha ilinkle Wood, also a Virgin-
ian by birth, who died October 25. 1800, aged
eeventy-tive years. Rev. .lesse Wood had passed
his eighty-sixth birtliiiay. when he died Septem-
ber S, 1890. f^real'y lan'iented by all who knew
hini. He was a conscientious and earnest
worler for the dissemination of religious in-
struction among the people and did much good
during his long and useful life.

Mr. and Mrs. Newton have ten children,
seven living, viz.; Diana C, Margaret, Mary E.
Janie J., Alvia A., Emery J. anil Cora L. The
children deceased are. Sarah, died January 17,
1869; I.ouisH, died February 12, 1873; and an
i!ifiint daughter, died November 20. 1881.

Politically, Mr. Newton is an active Repub-
lican and has several times been honored by his
con.-tituents with otHce. He was for a couple
of years an efficient C!ounty Oommissioner and
has been an active member of the School Board,
District No. 13, for many years, in both of
which capacities he displayed eminent ability.

The family are worthy members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, to which they have
rendered much assistance.

Mr. Newton's life would turnish a good ex
ample for all boys to study and follow, as show-
ing what unaided elfort can accomplish, when
persistently and intelligently applied and when
combined with careful econdniy and supple-

mented by the woiiderfidly fertile soil of the
glorious State of Oregon.

iR. A. C. CALDWELL, one of the most
able members of the dental fraternity of
southern Oregon, was born in I'olk county,
Oregon, September 7. 1854. His father 'ix
E. Caldwell, was a native of Missouri, ai> .ni-
grated to Oregon in 1851, where he dii ilay
10, 180(5. The mother, nee Mariah (Treeu-
street, was also born in Missouri, and died in
Oregon, in 1856.

A. C. Caldwell.'the third in a family of fmir
children, was throwti oi; his own resources early
ill life, and all the credit that may be due him
as a professioiud man or otherwite, has been
honorably gained in the school of experience.
He has made his own way, step by step, with-
out the assistance of others, and now ranks
among the leading men of the fraternity. He
enjoys an extensive patronage, and is highly es-
teemed, both by the professiim and the public
at large. He was reared in Marion county,
this State, and attended Monmouth State Nor-
mal School. He was then engaged in ideikiiig
and teaching until 1877, and in that yeuj' began
his professional studies, located later in SaieTii,
in 1885. Mr. Caldwell permanently locateil in
Ashland in 1888.

He was united in marriage while residing in
Marion county, in October, 1886, with Miss
Leah M. J^rice, a native of Missouri, and they
have one daughter, Heulah. In political mat-
ters, the Doctor is a consistent Democrat. So-
cially, he affiliates with the F. & A. M., Royal
Arch. Eastern Star and the I. O. O. F. Encamp-
ment and Rebekah lodges.

^•©©^^^f*-

SON. J. C. AVERY, deceased.— There are
few men in Benton county whose names
are more familiar to the people at large
than that of J. C. Avery. He was truly one of
the Argonauts of Oregon.

This gentleman was born in Lucerne county,
Pennsylvania, June 0, 1817. His parents were
natives of Connecticut and descendants of the
early and influen al families of that State. He
was reared to niaidiood in the State of his birth,
where ho received a liberal education and subse-

ji fawny oh' oukuon.

■mi)

qiiontly inovi'il to Stiirk county, Illinois. From
tliciv, in lS-15, Mr. Avery cauio to ()re4?on, his
wife joinini; him two years hiler. in l!S47.
III! took iij) 11 cliiiin in I'enton county, consist-
in>^ of G4() acres, in 1840, where the city of
('arvftllis is now located. Fie went to Cali-
fornia in 184y, at the time of Marshall'.s fjrcat
discovery, hut after enjfaifing in mining on the
north fork of the American river for a time, he
returned to his claim. The first lot8 of the
present city of Corvallis were surveyed and sold
by Mr. Avery, in 1849, and as the county set-
tled uj), portions of his claims were surveyed
and sold right along. Mrs. Avery still owns
180 acres adjacent to this city, about one-half
of which is cultivated in grain. She also owns
city property. Mr. Avery, during his lifetiine
was connected with mercantile pursuits and was
a progressive, influential citizen. His life was
a singularly industrious and busy one, but in
spite' of all his business interests he always was
rtady to lend a helping hand to whatever prom-
ised to benettt the city. lie was apppointed by
President Pierce Postal Agent for tlie district
embracing Oregon and AVashington Territory,
in 1853, and served for several years. He was
cho-seu to represent Benton county in the State
Legislature on two dilTerent occasions and his
services were rendered with fidelity and honesty.
As a result of his many sterling qualities his
memory is held in the highest estimation by all
who knew him. His death occurred June 16,
187G.

Mr. Avery was married in Stark county, Illi-
nois, to Miss Martha Marsh, March 13, 1841.
She was a native of Pennsylvania and a daugh-
ter of Daniel and Esther (Pettibone) Marsh,
both of whom were born in Connecticut and
removed to Illinois, where they died in 1836.
Mr. and Mrs Avery had twelve children, six of
whom are still living, namely: Punderson;
Florence, now Mrs. George Jones; Francis A.,
now Mrs. George Helm; George W.; Napolian
B. and Gertrude, now Mrs. B. F. Irvine.

Mr. Avery was truly a representative Ore-
gonian and his wife is an estimable ladj', who
aided her talented and illustrious husband in
liis undertakings and is now enjoying her life,
surrounded by the comforts her hands helped
to earn.

fOIlN D. ISKAKI., one of Weston's ener-
getic business men and honored citizens,
was born in Logans])ort, Indiana, Fel)rnary
3. 1848, and liveil in his native place until thir-
teen years of age. His father. Michael Israel,
was a native of North Carolina and came to In-
diana when a young man and was there married
to Miss Mary DeBoise, a native of that State,
after wliich he moved to Illinois, in i8()l, where
\w carried on his occupation of farming. His
flrst settlement was made in Logan county,
where he died at the age of eighty-three years.
His wife died in 1863, aged forty-two, leaving
three children, of whom our subject was the
youngest and the only one now living.

.John Israel was reared on the farm until after
his mother's death, when lie felt that his duty
called him to take up arms in defense of his
country, therefore, .lannary 1, 1864 he enlisted in
the One Hundred and SLxtli Illinois Infantry,
shouldered his musket and started forth to bat-
tle for his country. He was not dispatched until
some time after his enlistment, but partici-
pated in thebattlesof Pine Bluffs, Arkansas,Clar-
endon, Arkansas and several smaller ones, al-
though his term of enlistment did not extend over
more than one and one-half years and he saw
harder service than some of the soldiers whose
term extended over the entire war. Mr. Israel
was discharged in August, 1865, at Pine Bluffs,
Arkansas. After his discharge he returned
home and farmed his father's farm for ten years,
when he engaged in the mercantile business at
Chesttiut, Illinois, and continued in that occu-
pation until 1884, when he went to Chicago
and engaged with D. W. Dnnhell & Co., u-rain
merchants. In this capacity he bought grain
for the company for six years and then came to
Weston, Oregon, where he engaged to buy wheat
for Hamilton & Kourk'), with wliom he has since
continued. Mr. Israel has charge of a number
of workhouses on the Union Pacific railroad,
Spokane branch.

In addition to his other interests Mr. Israel
is one of the directors and shareholders in the
Weston Bank. He also organized the militia at
Weston and was elected Captain of the com-
pany, serving until -luly, 1892, when he re-
sisjned. He is one of the City Conncilmen of
Weston. Mr. Israel is a member of G. A. R.,
Post No. 45, of Weston and is Commander of
the Modern Woodmen of the World, Camp of
Weston.

Mr- Israel was married to Miss Anna Clark,

460

UIsroHY Oh' OHKdoy.

ill 1870, who WHS li(irii in liiiiioi!*. Mr. rikI
Mi-i*. Israel iiiivc liiiil f<iiir cliililruii liorn tutlioiii,
iiHiiifly: CJIiirk, Jesbie, (iruvui'iiiiil MiiMe. I'olit-
iuallv, Mr. Israfi is a inoinlii'r of tlio People's
jmrty, having voted for Weaver every time lie
ran for I'l-ebiiicnt. ^fr. Israel owns eonsider-
ahle proipcrty in Weston together with his resi-
ileiute. lie is a man cali'.nlatcd tu eominand the
respect and esteem of uU wlio come in contact
with him.

»i<)N.l)r.\IIA.MWia(iHT. a very prom
iiient resident of Union county, Oregor.
4-'l '^ ''"^ 8iil)ject of the present sketch. Me
was Ixprii ill Des Moines county, Iowa, March
18, 1^42 and lived there until he was twelve
years of age, his father with his family then
moved to Union county in the v.'esterii part of
the State, a section of country inhahited only
hy the red men of the great jiniiries and a few
poverty stricken Mormons, who had settled
there after leaving Naiivoo. Here our siihject
received only such education ascould heatfurded
hy his father and teachers who were willing to
give a few months of the year to the inetruc-
tion of the young in the log echoolhoiiso of
that new country. Many of those old log tcliool-
houses still stand, and many are the gifted men
who have gone out from them and have made
names in the world since.

Such was the case with the present siihject.
His early education did not satisfy him; there-
fore he applied himself and the result was that lie
hecaine practically well educated. His father
was John D. Wright, a native of Vermont, horn
in 1807, who came to Illinois in 1827, ahout
the same time that the Lincoln and Hanks fami-
lies moved here. He married Miss Celia Hanks,
a native of Kentucky and a cousin of Ahraham
Lincoln, hut Mrs. Wright died when our sub-
ject was very small, and Mr, Wright afterward
married Miss Evaliiie Simmons. By his first
marriage he liad a family of four children and
six hy his last. He was a civil engineer and
followed that hnsiiiess for many years, and was
the first teacher of that man who afterward he-
came first in the hearts of his countrymen.
After the day's work was done, Mr. Wright
would hear young Ahraham Lincoln recite his
lessons as Lincoln made his home with him at
that time.

Mr. Wright and Mr. Lincoln served in the

same (uniipany in the i'lack Hawk war, IJncolii
lieing C'aptaiii and Wright Orderly Sergeant
In lS3i5 Mr. Wright removed to Iowa and was
made several times Territorial Legislator. He
has always he(<!i an active man in politics and
has held eoiiio oflice of trust and confidence all
his life until ho has hccome too old to manage
any piihlie affairs. He is now living at Koso-
dale, Missouri, at the age of eighty-five years.

At the age of eighteen Dunhain started out
ill life for himself with nothing but a hrave
heart, good habits and strong hands for capital.
He was filled with the tales of the mountains of
silver and gold (,f the far West, and his idea was
to get there as soon as possible. Therefore, in
1800 found him at Pike's I'oak, where he
worked in the mines and explored the mount-
ains for two years and while there made the ac-
(jiiaintaiice of Senator Teller, waiting upon him
through a long spell of sickness thus cementing
a strong f'riendsliip.

In 1862 our siioject come to Idaho, rciiiain-
iiig there until 18(53, when he came to Union
connty, Oregon, where he took up land in the
(irande Konde valley in the c^ove. Ho followed
packing freight from Umatilla to Idaho for two
years and then had enough money to commence
the improvement of his farm and to stock it.
Now he has a fine fruit farm and a grain farm
of 400 acres, near the town of Cove, that he lived
on for many years. Our subject is also the
owner of the medical spring in Union county,
whicli he is improving into a medical resort and
he also owns lOO acres of land near the spring,
having in all some 800 acres of land,

Mr. Wright was elected to the Legislature
from Union county in connection with Baker
county, in 1872, and was re-elected in 1874 and
again in 1878, but in 1880 he was elected to the
StateSenate. In 1892 he received the nomination
of the People's party for the Siipreine Judge of
Oregon but declined the nomination. He was
then tendered the nomination as joint Senator
of Union and Umatilla counties, which he ac-
cepted. He has always been an active man in
political work, always working with the Demo-
cratic party until 1892, when he became con-
vinced that the People's party was best for the
interests of the farmers and joined that. He
has always had a friendly feeling for the red
men of the forest, as he had many of them for
playmates in his young days. Mr. Wright is a
member of the Karmert;' Alliance and has bren
made State Lecturer for that ordt^r.

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.mill) lliiwtliiiriir. wli" \4'i'rr "f
• hi. Mi- t'rtflit)r vvnn H furmor, i»-.*

i'llll)l'tll(!'l null, ktvj *^'t.

i'.I:..^t>i. for)'- vtviuii<t.

!«• )tiMkiM><.( ;ii It

ijiiiii.i .(■»!•' 'In-

Ittmiroiii . "f M<-. . ,

nft.nr 11 liru'f tiiiirM) umitT liit< tiiitKti.ui «ti!<r«<l
tJu.< MfJical lfiiiv(>r-ity Ht, Loiiioullc. Keffin.k)!,
fn.m \rht<ih 'oflituHoii h? nHW^jimnMv fjiai

niMiwntW iir<Kttioe in ly>uUviik?. wit:.

, ^ c ' -on, iJf H iwrbof , • inung '*nUt

lHf>U. wb«iri h» wvthi t;< i ^ il»' then

locatt;<l lit .Viltiuiti, \'\M.t'T i:.ii,.iii,. <f\<\ r,iig«^o<l

in « large {.'■MU'rii pfHftii^** nnd ii .Ki|iir,(»l w.iik,

wht rn he becHtne wiiioly km;'vn ami ;<)iim'»i mi

;•■ . ;»■ !<■ r, i.jti.itiori for ill'' profti»»i'>iml <-V'\\'\.

w.iri electwi State yosist.ir from

»• V -, ' two t«nu*witli iii>niif

';» <r»n>p ii- fVtiaoi),

. ; • ! »w Ht

i«tlkl>fii-, •■'' *

largo Vii '■;'"

of the cKUfd ;

the Connty *..■.■■■■

private lioai;

wa« he in llif m ■

that tlif i^u*!;

titrm, itiiMitt :

!.•;

IK-..

tOi. '

. iii>iiUl |K»wnr- liucHiiin ih>ruiigu(l wiih h

;. '1 whifh ittfoin^ly iip|K'iiK' ' to hi.-i kimiiy

• . .| \,» oi»riU'i»ily liovoti'il thi' licMt yours

'. !•! th« vviCK. Duriiit; thu twenty

'l»l»l hn liH'l eliiirjre of tliu ()rei;ipii

'■•'»'!•' lft>.-i"n, it iieciiiiie widely kiiDWii

e of till' lieKt iimtitiitiiiiiri

!U(1 Stiittv-i. 'riioii^li Dr.

.'; > protieietit ill every ilu-

■lion, he will alwiiya ho

')y the roeortl ho miido

• :isei( of the iiiiiid. lli.i

i '!■ [dace him aiiioiij^ the few

. t'-n iiHii>''ial renown in tiie treat-

.. il>. anil ihe curative ratu of his

'»t.t.l>itiiii was eoiitii.l-red e(|HHl to that of any

KttnOAr MtaltlirtliMieiU in the United Stateu.

\)v Uawtliornt! took an active interest in
jfiihhc 4tfttirs. jiiid hirt jnd^nicnt and hiiMiiiess
Mtflntiity wcfu rartdy «f aiilt in private iinder-
taiiiiiC* tir pnlilie unr. I'prines. I'olitiRally, he
-Hh* uriuiinully u Wlii;^', jut after the overthrow
ol thixt. party he heeaiiif a Democrat, lie wan
llriii ill hiri eoiivi";»ioiH, bnt far removed from
«»rru»v jwtrty bigotry. Che respect his honesty
'>f ch«ract«M- cominHntiud inado him stroni^
fr»«>n<l» iti ll»«» t»e»t elomi-nt of both parties, and
tjfi w;ii' I'etAinnd in office for many yeart* when
Ihu State >vim iiti')e? Jii.i|iiil)lican rule. lit- de-
clinwl all nui;'_»e.-«tioii»i of ijecomiiifj a candidate
f'jr liiijh pnlilie. i^tatioii-, iB heiiij.; devoted to his
protWioii. outt-ide of the laurels to he {gained
therein, he had no amliition. Dr. Hawthorne
Was a inaiiof inipre»»*ive jiresonce, and tn a cer-
tain reserve lud dip;iiity nf manner were united
40(^iul i(t«6litli>i< and pMiorons irnpulH<!s, which
crpftted the warmei»t frifndahips.

lie wiisa tJhrixtian as the result of the most

df^MU^MiU; convictions, itvi! for many years was

•1 r-inststfu iiiember -if ti.e Episcopal Churcli.

•Iif'.i Ri t\\f^ auiiimit of usefulness, iini-

TllUll-

Th,

■ lii .4K'U'.<),i- ITlv

11 T'hiii contrttct

!.;i«wed by the ."ilnle

; .lenth, Kebrnary 15,

. I .•liarj^e as Snperin-

ihf luiforttiuute wards

time* of hii? death

,'. "'Siiiition of those

.il' ■.■ !• rrnt i»'.^

las left tlie moinory
ous man, {jjifted with
was eminently useful
way worthy of emu-

:rtt-i

!■

2 married. His first
wifo. .ii " • ■ 1 niece of Congress-

man K- y.y . ;.a, died in Portland,

in lS*il\ w ■.ti-j'kiJ followini;; her mar-

ria((«. li.. .■ . i. urrifid to his second wife, in
180;.>. fv<riiiiviy Mrs. E. (!. ilite, of Sacramento,
OR'' f 'Vllfcnia's favi- ■ , pioneer dauj^hters,
T«" i.!»«(jhter>t, l.oni- nd Catharine, ha?e

»»•

i!f

ir^lf

i.^-/'i

■^.i.-v-^^W^-

v-t

HISTORY OF OHKOON.

401

The iiiirriage of our subject took place in
1867, to Miss Misliey Duncan, a native or Mis-
souri and a daughter of Frederick Duncan. One
littlL. daughter, Grace, born in 1879, came to
tliem. ()ur subject occupies a very enviable
position in the county of Union.

fll. J. C. HAWTHORNE was born in
Mercer county, Pennsylvania. March 12,
ISl'J, and was a son ot James and Mary
(Donald) Hawthorne, who were of Euglisli
descent. His father was a farmer, but an intel-
lectual, cultivated man, and a graduate of Wash-
ington College, Pennsylvania. The boyhood of
young Hawthorne was passed in his native
county, \/here his rudimentary education was
received, and where he prepared for college.
He commenced the study of medicine under
Dr. Bascom, of Mercer, Pennsylvania, and
after a brief course under his direction entered
the Medical University at Louisville, Kentucky,
from which institution he subsequently grad-
uated.

He commenced practice in Louisville, with
his cuusin. Dr. Hawthorne, continuing until
1850, when he went to California. He then
locatud at Auburn, Placer county, and engaged
in a large general practice and ho6,)ital work,
where he became widely known and gained an
enviable reputation for his professional skill.
h\ 1854 he was elected State Senator from
Placer county, and served two terms with honor
and distinction. In 1857 he came to Portland,
and witli the reputation already attained, he at
oncfc entered into a position of prominence
among the medical men, and soon acquired a
large private practice. In 1858 he took charge
of the county hospital under a contract from
the County Court, subsequently establishing a
private hospital for the insane. So successful
was he in tlie management of tliis institution,
that the State, during Governor Whitaker's
term, made a contract with him to assume the
care of the insane of the State. This contract
was from time to time renewed by the State
Legislature, and until his death, February 15,
1881, Dr. Hawthorne had charge as Suporin-
ti>ndent and I'hysician of the unfortunate wards
of the State, which at the tii/\o of his death
numbered some 500 inmates.
The amelioration of the condition of those
aea

whose mental powers became deriinged was a
subject which strongly api)e:iled to his kindly
nature, and lie earnestly devoted the best years
of his life to the work. During the twenty-
one yeai-s that he had cliarge of the Oregon
Hospital for the Insane, it became widely known
and was regarded as one of the best institutions
of its kind in the United States. Tliough Dr.
Hawthorne was higlily proticient in every de-
partment of his profession, he will always be
most highly honored by the record lie made
as authority upon diseases of the mind. His
work in this direction place him among the few
who have gained national renown in the treat-
ment of insanity, and the curative rate of his
institution was considered equal to that of any
similar eatablishment in the United States.

Dr. Hawthorne took an active interest in
public affairs, and his judgment and business
sagacity were rarely at fault in private under-
takings or pul)lic enterprises. Politically, he
was originally a Whig, but after the overthrow
of that party he became a Democrat. He was
firm in his convictions, but far removed from
narrow party bigotry. The respect his honesty
of character commanded made him strong
friends in the besi element of both parties, and
he was retained in otHce for many years when
the State was under Republican rule. He de-
cliiiOil all suggestions of becoming a candidate
for high public stations, as being devoted to his
profession, outside of the laurels to be gained
therein, he had no ambition. Dr. Hawthorne
was a man of impressive presence, and to a cer-
tain reserve and dignity of manner were united
social qualities and generous impulses, which
created the warmest friendships.

He was a Christian as the result of the most
deliberate convictions, and for many years was
a consistent membe'' of the Episcopal Church.
He died at the summit of usefulness, uni-
versally regretted, and he lias left the memory
of a broad-minded, courageous man, gifted with
great talents, whose career was eminently useful
to his fellows, and in every way worthy of emu-
lation.

Dr. Hawthorne was twice married. His first
wife, Miss Emma Curry, a niece of Congress-
man. Kelly, of Pennsylvania, died 'in Portland,
in 1862, but a few weeks following her mar-
riage. He was married to his second wife, in
18t)5, formerly Mrs. E. C. Ilite, of Sacramento,
one of California's favorite, pioneer daughters.
Two daughters, Louise H. and Catharine, have

ill

U > >^

I :

K I:.

463

HISTORY OF OREGON.

Ikmm) l)orn to tliiH union, ami tliey, witli tlieir
niDtlier.still survive. Tlieyare j)08si'68ors of liirge
reiii estate interests in Portland, have a delijiht-
till home on tlie "east side," and are high-
ly esteemed I>y the community, enjoying the
warmest friendship of neighbors and associates.

U. J. W. IIOIUNSON is among the
prominent memlHjrs of tiie medical pro-
fession of Bonthern Oregon, and none more
worthy of mention than the gentleman with
whose name we introduce this sketch. Dr.
Kohinson is a native of Washington county,
(Jrej'ou, born November 12, 1850. His parents
were Nather and Mary (Darlond) Robinson, t)oth
of whom were natives of Ohio. The former
emigrated to Oregon in 1847, where he engaged
in farming for many years, but toward the lat-
ter years of his life he hn.s been prominently
identified Vi% a real-estate dealer in the business
circles of the city of Portland.

Our subject was the fourth child in a family
of tive children, lie was reared in Multnomah
county. He attended the Portland Academy
and completed his studies in 1870. He began
reading medicine at Salem. His preceptors
were Drs. Hall and Reynolds, two eminent prac-
titioner* of that city. He graduated in the
medical department of the Willamette Univer-
sity in 1877, and the following year he removed
to .(aeksonville, sni)8equently going to New
York, where he graduated in medicine and sur-
gery. On his return to Jacksonville he estal)-
lished himself in the drug business, and now
carried a full supi)ly of drugs, toilet articles,
including stationery. In addition to the drug
business he enjoys a lucrative city practice, and
is veiy popular as an enterprising and progres-
sive citizen. He was elected to the City ''Coun-
cil in 1888, and at the present time. 1892, is the
Mayor of the city.

He was married at Jacksonville, May 17,
1872. to Miss Tillie Miller, of Iowa. She was
the daughter of John Miller, who came to Ore-
gon in i860. Doctor and Mrs. Robinson are
the parents of three children, but one of whom
is still living, deati; having robbed them of
their sou and daughter; Willie, died October
15, and I^cah followed on the twenty- tir.st of the
same month, 1800.

In political matters he is a Republican, and is

a member of Warren Lodge, No. 10, A. F. &
A.M. Dr. Robinson's father may be termed a
j)ioneer of the pioneer.-*, coming to Oregon even
before the early emigrants came to the now
famous State and engaged in farming pursuits
in the Willamette valley, which contained but a
few whites. He died in 1880 and his wife in
1889.

fASPER J. JOIINS(JN, a member of the
Portland bar, and a native sou of Oregon,
was born near I'ortland on July 6, 18t)2.
His father, the Hon. Jacob Johnson, came to
Oregon in 1846, and ia a native of Cincinnati,
Ohio, Ijorn Decemlwr 20, 1828. They are of
Swedish ancestry, who settled in New England
early in the history of the country. Since then
l)oth English and German ancestry has been
added to the family. William Johnson, sub-
ject's grandfather, was born in Maryland and
came to Oregon with his son in 1846. He was
a participant in the early Indian wars of the
State of Oregon, and was a brave and self-pos-
sessed soldier during a conflict.

His son settled on land six miles southeast of
Portland, on a beautiful creek which has since
iHjen called Johnson creek. Ho built a saw-
mill, then the lirst in the country, and did all
the work. Later he read law in the city of
Portland, and was for some time in the practice
of law. In 1874, he was elected on the inde-
pendent Democratic ticket to the State Legis-
lature, which place he filled with credit, and he
has been repeatedly nominated by his party for
the same place, he being one of their strongest
and most popular men. He owned a donation
claim, where he built his mill, which he after-
ward sold. He then purchased 320 acres of his
father, which he improved, and on v?hich he has
since re8ide<l. On Jan\iary 1, 1859, he married
Miss Martha Jane Lee, a relation of General
Rol)ert E. Lee, as well as of (ieorge Washiug-
tan, Her lathe;- crossed the plains in 1852,
bringing his daughttv with him.

Our subject was n3xt to the oldest of nine
children, and was ro'.sed on his father's farm
until his nineteenth year, since which time, by
his energy and application, he has gained a good
education anil acquired considerable property.
He was educated at the State Agricultural Col-
lege at C'orvallis. He read law with Johnson &
Idleman, and was admitted to the bar in frune,

HISTORY OF OHBOON.

468

181)0. Previous to stitdyinj; law he was priii-
cipiil of some of the ijest schools of ^rultuomali,
Washiiiirtoii and Yam Hill counties, an(t taught
thi-eo years in the sciiool, in wiiicii he was etiu-
cateil. lie ivas very popular among all pupils
and teachers with whom he was associated, and
was noted for his success in all «• liools to tlie
principalship of which he was chosen. Since
taking up law he has been very successful, and
is noted among his profession as a lawyer of
energ}' and integrity.

lie was married October 16, 1886, to Miss
Minnie E. Tyler, of Forest Grove, Orej^on,
formerly of Michigan. She is the daughter of
Captain A. Tyler, a noted officer of the Union
army during the civil war. They have two
children: llattie May and Alice Martha.

Mr. Johnson is conservative in his political
opinion, ami is careful and considerate in mak-
ing; up his mind what course to pursue in all
matters under hia charge; but when once decided
ho adheres strictly to his own judgment and
carries out his intentions with such 8tea<lfast-
ness of purpose that he seldom fails to attain
tile end he seeks lie is a gentleman of tine
ability, and is deserving of great success.

fUDGE J. A. IK)WLBY, ex-Judge of Clat-
sop county, was born in New York city,
in 1843. Ilis parents, Wilson tnd Lydia
B. (Jones) Bowlby, were natives of New Jersey,
but subsequently settled in New York, whore
Mr. Bowlby followed the mercantile trade. In
18-t4 they removed to Cincinnati, and the father
engaged in the study of medicine, after the
Eclectic system and commenced practice in
Franklin county, Indiana, continuing until 1852.
He then purchased a prairie outfit, and with the
usual experience of emigrant travelers, removed
his family to Oregon, successfully accomplishing
the toilsome journey after about bix months of
travel. Passing the winter in Portland, in the
spring of 1863 he located his donation claim
south of Ilillshoro, and there followed farming
and his profession until 1860, when he removed
to Forest Grove and continued in the practice,
in which he is still engaged, although aged
seventy- four years. Helms been quite promi-
nent in the political field, and has represented
his party several times in the State Legislature
and served' one term as President of the Senate.

Our subject was educatcid at Pacific Univer-
sity, at Forest Grove, and began tlu! study of
law in the office of Judge W. W. I'pton, of
Portland. In 1868 Mr. Powll)y came to As-
toria and accepted the position of Deputy Col-
lector of ('ustoms and filled that |)osition for
six years, at the same time continuing his legal
studies. He was admitted to the bar in 1874
and commenced practice in Astoria. During
the same year he was elected Judge of Clatsop
county and held the office continuously for eight
years, and also followed an active practice in the
higher courts, in which he is still engaged. He
has served as Cou'.cilman of the city of Astoria
and for ten years was presiilent of the Chamber
of Commerce.

Judge Bowlby was married, in Marion county,
Oregon, in 1875, to Miss Georgie Brown,
daughter of Samuel Brown, of Gervais, a pio-
neer of 1849. Judge and Mrs. Bowlby have
two children, namely; Violet E. and Hugh II.
Judge Bowlby is a member of the A. F. & A.
M., Blue Lodge and Chapter; I. O. O. F.and A.
O. U. W., and is also a member of the building
committee of the Odd Fellow 13uililing Associa-
tion and of the Astoria Building anil Loan
Association. He was instrumental in erecting
the first brick business house in Astoria. He
was one of the organizers of the Astoria Savings
Bank, incorporated February, 1891, and was
elected vice-president, which office he still
holds. He is president of the Astoria Real
Estate Exchange, established in 1890. Since
1870 he has actively promoted any suggested
railroad enterprise,' and by words of counsel
and also by financial assistance has furthered
the development of his adopted city.

-=%•*<

>*-*^

fALEB GRAY, who ie well known in both
commercial and agricultural circles in
Linn county, was born in ("lark county,
Indiana, in 1819. His father, William Gray,
was born upon the Atlantic ocean, while his
parents were making a voyage from Ireland to
America. They settled in South Carolina,
where William passed his boyhood upo.i a farm.
About the year 1815 he emigrated to Indiana,
and in 1816 he was married to Isabelle Ritchie,
a native of Pennsylvania. Settling upon a
farm, they resided in Indiana until 1830, when
they removed to Peoria county, Illinois; here

464

HISTORY OF OREGON.

Mr. (iiLy passed the closing years of liis life.
Calt'l), his son, remained under the parental
roof until he had attained man's estate; he
was reared to agriciilt\iral pursuits, and was
well trained in all the details of fanning and
stock-raising. He was married in Peoria county,
Illinois, in 1840, to Miss Jane T. Smith, and
in 1852, with his wife and two children, he
started to the Pacific coast; his outfit was com-
posed of one wagon and four liorses, and the
trip was accomplished in four months. To the
usual hardships of travel were added the sadness
of sicknets and death; one child died and was
buried upon the plains, and one child was born
to them upon the summit of the iilue mountains.
They crossed the Cascade mountains ))y the Har-
low route, and arrived at Foster's on the 27th
day of August.

Continuing the journey to Linn county, Mr.
Gray located a donation claim of 320 acres, two
miles west of the present town of Ilalsey; he
erected a log cabin, and engaged in the cultiva-
tion of tiie land. His wife died in 1875, le-aviug
two children: Martha A., who is the wife of
J. C. Crozier; and Albert II. In 1877 he was
married a second time, to Mrs. Frances Ellen
(Merrick) Detweiler, a native of Fulton county,
Illinois. They resided upon the ranch until
1888, when Mr. Gray rented his land and re
moved to Ilalsey.

lie took charge of a drug business whidi he
had established in 1886. His experience in
this ti'ade dates imck to his boyhood, when he
was engaged in the business for a short period.
In addition to the claim first located, he owns
1(50 acres adjoining and a iiumber of town lots
in Ilalsey. Of his last marriage have been born
two children: Emma D. and Mary E.

Mr. (iray is the ])ro]irietor of the Ilalsey
Weekly New^^. which is edited by his adoj)ted
eon, Clarence (i. In politicfe he is n Republi-
can, and with the exce|)tion of two conventions
has attended every one held in the county since
1860; he has also been present at several State
conventions. Twice he was the nominee of his
party for Representative to the State F.efjisla-
ture. lie has served as Justice of the Peace
for seventeen years; he is among the most
active and enterprising citizens of IFalsey, and
is ever ready, with labor, influence and con-
tribution, to promote the ii'terests of iiis
adopted town.

EN. WILLIAM KAPI'kS was born in the
city of Prunswick, Germany, May 7,
1835, completing his education in the
gymnasium and high school of his native city,
at the age of fifteen years. He emigrated to
the United States after finishing liis school
course, and. after passing a short time in New
York, he proceeded to Janesville, Wisconsin,
remaining there until March, 1853, when he
came to Portland, Oregon. His first employ-
ment was in the office of Hon. O. C. Pratt,
formerly Associate Judge of the Supreme ('ourt
of the Territory. Mr. Kapns engaged in the
ordinary office work and in reading law. Not
being particularly fond of the profession of law,
he left his employer and went to San Francisco,
California, where he remained about one year.
In the latter part of 1856 he returned to Port-
land and engaged in commercial pursuits.

In 1859 he was elected Assessor of the city
of Portland, and upon the expiration of his
term of service he was apjxnnted Olerk in the
office of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs of
Oregon and Washington Territory, which jwsi-
tion he held until 1860, when ho was sent as
acting Indian Agent to the Yakima It)dian
agency. He was relieved therefrom in July,
1861, by a regularly appt)inted agent. Interests
connected with the Indian service took him to
the agencies Ixjrdering on Puget sound, where
lie remained until November following. In
Ueceml)er, 1861, he was elected Clerk of the
House of Kepresentatives of Wasliington Ter-
ritory, and at the adjonrriuient of the Legisla-
ture, January, 1862, he was appointed private
secretary to the acting Governor of Washing-
ton Territory.

L)urin{;f the summer of 1862 he was engaged
in raising a company of the First Washington
Territory Infantry, called for by the Federal
Government, but before the company was com-
pleted he was mustered into service as First
Lieutenant of Company A of that regiment.
Shortly after joiniuf^ he was j)romoted to Regi-
mental Adjutant, and in this capacity he served
until the spring of 1864, when, by order of the
Secretary of War he was stationed at Portland,
Oregon, as United States mnstering and dis-
bursing officer for Oregon and Washington Ter-
ritory. He was honorably mustered out of the
volunteer service July 24, 1865, and was shortly
appointed in the I'egulur service as Lieutenant
of the Thirteenth Infantry, and was on duty in
the Territories of Montana and Utah. In May

'^i

HIsrOHY OF OHEQON.

'4es

» L-

1868, he was appointed Regimental Adjutant,
in wliich capacity he served until May 1, 1869,
when he resigned his coiniuission in tlie army
to accept tile appointment of Collector of Cus-
toms for the district of Alaska, he having been
appointed to that oflice by the President. At
the expiration of his term of service as Col-
lector he returned to Portland and became one
of the organizers of the Oregon Furniture Manu-
facturi' ompany, a corporation organized
under uue laws of the State, which lias grown to
its present grand proportions, owning large
real-estate interests and giving employment to
a hundred skilled workmen.

in 1874 General Kapus was elected the first
secretary, which position he still holds, having
been continuously re-elected for eighteen con-
secutive years, in May, 1883, he was ap-
pointed by the Governor of Oregon Brigadier-
General of the Oregon State Militia, in which
position he aided materially in reorganizing the
State Militia and in placing it upon an efficient
footing. In November, 1888, he was elected
by the Republicans of Oregon as Presidential
Elector, and at the meeting of the Electors, in
January, 1889, he was elected chairman of the
college. As a fitting recognition of his years
of public service, General Kapus has just re-
ceived the appointment as United States Consul
to Sydney, New South AVales, and expects to
enter on his new field of duty ere long.

The General was married in Portland, May,

1869, to Lizzie C. Middendorf, native of the
city of Louisville, Kentucky, and the issue of
this marriage w(>8 five children, of whom three
survive: William M., Minnie C. and Harry O.

General Kapus has been Commander of the
Coinmandery of the State of Oregon Militia,
Loyal Legion, and Past Commander of Garfield
Post, G. A. R. lie has always taken a deep in-
terest in the affairs of the State, and has been a
very efficient and active member of the old
Board of Trade and the Chamber of Commerce
of the city, of whic'a latter organization he has
held the office of vice-president. He is a Mason
of high standing, and at present is vice-president
of the Oregon Pioneer Association.

It is little wonder that the State of Oregon
has grown in such a wonderful a manner, as it
contains men like the above who, by their
wonderful talents, have built up the little,
struggling Territory into a grand and wealthy
commonwealth.

fAMES W. WELCH, an Oregon pioneer of
18i4:, was born in lilooiiiingtoii, now Mus-
catine, Iowa, iluly 7, 1842. His fatliur,
James Welch, was born in Clark county, Ken-
tucky, on February 16, 1810. He emigrated
in early life to Roone county, Missouri, where
his parents died when he was about six years of
age, leaving him and two younger brothers to
be bound out (as was the custom there) to a
planter till he was about sixteen years of age,
when the ill treatment became unbearable, and
asserting his independence, he ran away. He
then served his time at the trade of brick and
stone mason. Then he moved to Bloomingtou
(now Muscatine), Iowa, where he married Miss
Nancy Dickerson, and lived till 1843, when he
started for Oregon with an ox team, but was
stopped at St. Joseph, Missouri, on account of
Indian difficulties aliead. He remained there
until April 4, 1844, when he resumed his jour-
ney to Oregon, and arrived at Oregon City in
October of the same year. He at once entered
into active and laborious business, lumbering
and contract work generally.

In the autumn of 1845 he took a look over
the then extensive Territory of Oregon. In
his travels he met John M. Shively, of whom
he purchased the undivided one-half of the
Shively donation land claim, upon which is
established the midille portion of Astoria, and
moved to this place with his family in the
spring of 1840, his being the first white family
that ever settled in Astoria. On commencing
the erection of the first frame house ever built
in Astoria, on the block of land where his wife
now resides, the Honorable Hudson's Bay Com-
pany forbade him making improvements, as they
had Shively before, claiming the ground as
British soil; but Mr. Welch, relying upon his
own judgment, the rights of our own Govern-
ment, and of American citizens to possess, use,
improve and beautify the country, ho went on
with his improvements, building a house and
occupying the same without further molesta-
tion. In 1853 he built another house on the
northeast corner of the same block, in which he
resided until his death, which occurred Septem-
ber 29, 1876, being in his sixty-first year. In
1847 he engaged in salmon fishing upon the
river, and was an active participant in the
mining excitements of California in 1849-'50.
Ho was among the early slierifl:8 of Clatsop
county, and a stanch supporter of the laws of
the Territory.

! ■

406

IIISTOIIY OF OHKUON.

)i\\.

James W.AVeldi was (Mliicat(>(l in the scliools
(if Oit'^oii, witli a business coiii'st) at Il'.'ulirs
I'ligiiU'ss College at San Francisco. In 180)2
lie went to the Florence mines in Idaho, and
later to Boise liasin, where he remained until
1804; then he returned to Astoria and eniiaged
in packing salmon, catching the tish in seine
and gill nets, and packing in barrels, with an
average unt]>nt of -lUO to (iOO barrels per annum,
which he continued for six years. In 1871 he
went to Umatilla and engaged in the stock
business, but returned to Astoria in 1872 and
establiihed the pioneer truck and dray busi-
ness with horses, the work being formerly done
with o.\en. lie also engaged in catching salmon
for the canneries, which he followed until 1875,
antl then ncceptcd the jwsition of Deputy Col-
lector of Internal Kevenue. stationed at Walla
Walla, the district covering all of eastern Wash-
ington. Upon the death of his father in 1877,
our subject resigned his position and returned
to .\8toria, as one of the administrators of the
estate, and with his mother and W. W. Parker
built the Welch Hill Water Works, to supply
the city of Astoria. In 1882 the (^ilumbia
Water AVorks were started, and the AVeleh Hill
AV'ater Works merged therein, of which Mr.
Welch continued as superintendent until 1892,
when the works were sold to the Astoria Water
Commission.

He was married in Salem, in 1808, to Miss
Bertha A. Ilerron, a native of Marion county,
and a daughter of W. J. Ilerron. a pioneer of
1845. Mrs. Welch deceased in February, 1883,
leaving threes children: (ieorge F., Bertha II.
and .lames K. Mr. Welch has l)een a promi-
nent builder of Astoria, and owns quite a good
deal of business i)ropcrty, and is now engaged
in his many private interests. He was one of
the early marshals of Astoria, aii<l for nine
years has served as school director. He was
elected to the City Council in 1887. and was
re-elected in Is'JO, and is now president of the
board. In 18U0 he was one of the Kepublican
liepresentatives from ("latsoj) county to the
State Legislature. Socially he fraternizes with
the 1. (). O. F.. and as Past Master of the A. O.
U. W. helped to organize tlie Gratul Lodge of
the State. Mr. Welch enjoys tlie respect of
his town's-people, and is recognized as one of
the most enterprising citizens of this city of
Oregon.

■ •»»■<!■<-■ /y «

WOHN P. DICKINSON, resident of Astoria,
'^' was born in Caroline county, Virginia, in
1823. His parents, Samuel C. and Evelina
(IVn<Uoton) Dickinson, were natives of the same
State. The former was educated to the medical
profession and passed his life in Caroline county,
engaged in his profession and agricultural in-
terests.

John P. secured his academic education in
Caroline county, continuing the scientific ami
legal studies in the William and Mary College,
where he subsequently graduated. lie locateil
in Bowling Green and commenced the practice
of law. In 1848 he removed to King William
Court House and continued in practice up to
1850, when Secretary Stewart appointed him
Clerk of the Pension office at Washington, D.
C. Kemoving to that city, he performed the
<luties of that office for four years, when he en-
gaged in prosecuting claims Iwfore the several
departments. In 1858 he bouglit a farm near
Washington and followed farming until 1861,
when he moved to Goochland county. Virginia,
and continued iu the tame pursuit until 18(54,
when he entered the (jonfederate army and
served until the close of the war. Iweturning to
his far.n he followed the line of agricultural
pursuits until 1871, wlieii he came to Portland,
()regon. Here he engaged in the life insurance
business and continued in the same until 1880,
when he came to Astoria anil engaged as book-
keeper for the Astoria Packing Company, jier-
forming the duties up to 188(5. He was then
appointed Deputy County Clerk, by C. J.
Trenchaid, and has continued in that onico until
the present time.

He was one of the organizers of the Astoria
Building and Loan Association, in 1887, and
tilled the office of president for five years. He
built his residence on the corner of Ninth and
Wall streets, in 1887, and owns other valuable
property about the city.

He was married, near Bowling (Treen, in
184(5, to Sally T. Wool folk. They have three
children: Helen W.; Louise !'., wife of Dr.
Alfred Kinney; and Fanny L., now Mrs. Bren-
liam Van Dusen. Tliey are highly respected
throughout the entire city.

fFNJAMIN B K O W N, one of the promi-
nent agriculturists of Marion county, re-
sides near the town of Woodburn. He
was born in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1824,

HISTORY OF OIWaON.

467

and is a son of Matthias and Barbiira (Lepart)
lirown, who. were also natives of tlie Keystone
State. In 1840 tiie family removed to Rush
county, Indiana, and there the parents of our
subject passed the remainder of their lives.
Denjainin Brown was r'iared to the occupation
of a fanner, and received his education in the
common schools. At the age of sixteen years
he started out in life and went to St. Joseph,
Missouri, where he learned the carpenters' trade.
He also gave his attention to agriculture in con-
nection with his trade. He afterward returned
to Rush county, Indiana, and was married there
in 1845, to Miss Mary Hawkins. He then set-
tled in Fountain county, but soon removed to
Clark county, Missouri, where he farmed and
worked at his trade until 1860. In that year
he crossed the plains to Orejfon, and after an
uneventful journey, consuming five months, he
arrived in Marion county. Locating near the
present site of Woodburn, he purchased 440
acres of land, and 460 acres in other parts of the
county. He engaged in farming and stock-
raising, and met with most gratifying results.

Mr. and Mrs. Brown have reared a family of
thirteen children, five sons and eight daughters.
Death has never entered the circle, and all the
children are married and settled in life. The
de.scendants number sixty grandchildren and
fifteen great-grandchildren.

With the founding of Woodburn, Mr. Brown
began selling lands in small tracts, and has also
made several additions to the town for resi-
dences. He has by gift and financial assistance
aided each of his sons in securing tine farms,
and all are prosperous and useful cit/.ens. In
this way he has reduced liis landed estate to 325
acres, which tract is in the home farm adjoining
Woodl)urn. Here he erected a spacious resi-
dence in 1880, and having retired from the
laborious duties of farm life, is enjoying the
fruits of his industry. He has never beer an
aspirant for political honors, but has given his
closest attention to his private interests. He
has aided very materially in the development
and growth of Woodburn, and is one of the most
highly esteemed citizens of this community.

^-^--^^

fl. DUNBAR, Recorder of Clatsop county,
was born npon the Atlantic ocean in 1860.
» His parents. Captain William M. and
Ellen A. (Berry) Dunbar, were natives of Cape

Cod, Massachusetts, and descended from Puri-
tan stock. William M. and his father were
seafaring men, as were the ancestors of Mrs.
Dunbar. The Captain was interested in vessel
trading between the West Indies and the United
States, and he was among the first to carry ice
to Bombay, which in those early days became
quite an industry. He followed the sea through
life and died in port at Antwerp, where his
body still lies.

()ur subject passed his life upon the sea until
he was eight years of age. His mother then
settled in Brooklyn, New York, and he was per-
mitted to attend the public schools until he was
fourteen years of age, when his business life l)e-
gan as an ofttce boy in the hardware store of
George W. Bruce, a prominent importer of
New York city. Young Dunbar remained in
his employ for eight years and received a
thorough business education.

In 1882 he came to Astoria, Oregon, to join
his mother, who had preceded him for a change
of climate. He found employment as clerk and
bookkeeper in the grocery store of A. V. Allen,
and remained with him until 1890, when Mr.
Dunbar resigned to take up the duties of County
Recorder, he having been elected to this office
by the Republican party. He was the lirst
candidate elected to that office, it having been
connected with the office of County Clerk, here-
tofore. Mr. Dunbar performed the duties with
such credit to himself, that in the election of
1892 he was re-elected by a largely increased
majority, and running far ahead of his ticket.

Mr. Dunbar was married in Seattle, in 1889,
to Lilian C. Crosby, native of Astoria, and
daughter yf Alfred Crosby, pioneer of the early
fifties and connected with the pilots of the Co-
lumbia river bar.

Mr. Dunbar is a member of the Knights of
Pythias. He built his residence at No. 312
Eighth street, in 1890, and is deeply interested
in the growth and development of his adopted
city.

— Cj*^'

-t»js-

fEN,JAMIN YOUNG, one of the enter-
prising business men of Astoria, was born
in the city of Malnio, Sweden, in 1848.
His father Bartlette Young was a colonel in the
Swedish army, and while engaged in the war of
Schleswig-PIolstein, in the year 1848, between
the Danes and Germans, he was killed in active
service at the age of thirty-six years.

468

1II8T0UY OP' OtiKdON.

BcnJHiniii Voiing received a fair education in
the public hcIiooIb of Maliuo, and when iifteen
years old wasconiirnii'd in the I>utheran ('luircli.
In lSt)2 he eniitcrated to t^uehec, Canada, where
he was enj^aged in various occupations, sjjendinf^
his leisure time in night schools in further im-
|)rovinii his education in the commercial line.
In 18(')0 he went to New York where he took
passage for Mell)ourne, Australia, thence to the
Ualarat gold mines, working there for one year
at days wages, as the sections were all locattd.
In 18(iS he went to Singapore l)ut the clinuite
not lieing agreeahle ho siiaped his course for
San Francisco; (^<alifornia, where ho landed
Scptcnilier 7, 18(58. The four years ensuing he
was engaged n|ion the bays and rivers in a
general fieight business, realizing hatulsoniely
and always laying i)y sotnetiiing for a rainy day.
Ill 1nT2 with four others he chartered a sciiooner
for five months, loaded her with supplies and
proceeded with her to northern Alaska to en-
gage in trade with the natives. The cruise
turned out very favorably, about $10,001), he-
iiiti reali/.od. A[r. Vounsi was married in 187ii
to Miss Cliristiai;a Swanson, a native of Sweden,
and an early schoolmate. Their union has been
blessed with three girls and four boys, who are
now receiving their education in the best col-
leircs and universities in the State of Oregon.

Learning of the Salmon fishing in the Co-
lumbia river ho removed with his family to
Astoria in ls74, and engaged immediately in
that industry, oliserving carefully the principles
of the secret in canning and packing salmon, as
it was then a new industry and known to but
few. In 1875 he was the chief promoter in or-
ganizing the Fishermen's Packing Company,
which was composed of a number of working-
men who caught their own salmon. Notwith-
standing the fact that they met with opposition
from other packers it [jroved a grand success and
their brand is world renowned.

In 1878 Mr. Young also aided in establishing
the Scandinavian Packing Company, with a
capital stock of §00.000,' all paid up. That
company also proved very successful. These
canneries are located in the city of Astoria.

As the Salmon market was well stocked in
the United States, Australia and Great Britain,
Mr. Y'oung's aim was now to introduce it into
Canada, but this could not be done without
paying an enormous duty of thirty-five per
cent. So Mr. Young proceeded to the Fraser
river, British Columbia, where he located and

built a cannery, called tiie British-American
Packing Company. His lirst pack in 1881 was
20,000 eases, for which he found a ready market
in Montreal, Toronto, and other large Canadian
cities. As the demand for canned salmon in
Canada was greater tlian the one cannery could
supply Mr. Young went fartlier north and built
another cannery on the Skeciia river as a branch
cannery of the one on the Fraser. About this
time the .salmon industry had worked its way as
far north as Alaska. It having been known
that it was a great country for salmon Mr.
Young therefore with some others organized
what is known as the Alaska Packing (Jompany,
wdiicli was located on the Nusigak river, Ber-
ing sea, Bristol i)ay, North Alaska, about 4:00
miles south of the Yukon river. It was rather
a difHcult task to undertak(!, as there was no
lumber in that rcgioii, it being all prairie land.
So the company wiuit to San Francisco where
they chartered a vessel of about 1,200 tons,
which they loaded with everything necessary to
construct a cannery, taking with them all the
labor and supplies, which was for ;J0,000 cases,
forty eight one-pound cans in each case. The
whole outfit not including the ship costing
§120,000. The e.xpedition usually leaves the
fifteenth of March and comes back the latter
part of September every year. Tiiu salmon is
nearly e(iual to the Chinook and finds a ready
market in the United States, the United King-
dom and Australia.

Mr. Young is interested in several other en-
terprises, such as railroads and steamboats. He
was the chief promoter in organizing the Astoria
Savings Bank, which will in a few years be one
of the strongest banks in the city.

Mr. Young sold out his interests in tiie sal-
mon canneries in British (Columbia two years
ago to an linglish syndicate. The money re-
ceived for the same has been placed in safe
investments. He built himself an elegant resi-
dence, from which a splendid view of the city
harbor and bay may be obtaiiieil, and overlook-
ing the little cabin which sheltered him during
his less prosperous days. Ho is one of the
developers of the city. He has a nod and a
smile and a good word for everybody, whilst his
hearty laugh will herald his apjiroach long be-
fore he appears in propria persona. Notwith-
standing his genial manner he is "business"
from head to foot, and having followed a lixed
])urpose and principle is the recipient of a well-
merited reward.

uinroin' OF oheoon.

40!)

tAVMONJ) iUiOTHEUS, IlKNllY
CllAI'MAN ANh CALVIN AltlKL. iir«
wellktiown citizens and proiiiiiient busi-
ness men of (-iaston, Oregon, liavinff descendeJ
from the old Puritans of MassacliiiHctts and
Connecticut. They have a continuous record
tiiiit dates hack to lliiK), wlien tlieir forefatlier,
Iviciiard liayinond, was found living at Salem,
Alassacliusetts. In ir)t)2 he removed with liis
tainily to Norwalk, Connecticut, wiiere many of
the descendants still reside. Aiiout 1770 they
hegan to emigrate westward until nearly every
State in the l^nion and Canada are re|>rtsente(l,
by over 500 families on record, who look back
to the olil pioneer ancestor Richard liaymond,
with pride.

While most of the Raymonds have occupied
the mediocre of life, some have occupied promi-
nent places in society. Henry.). Raymond was
first assistant editor of the New York Tribune
under Horace Greeley, an<l later the founder of
the New York Times. While tilling this posi-
tion he was elected to Congress, and was Lieu-
tenant-Governor of New York. Also Miner
Raymond, who was for several years president
of the Evanston (Illinois) College, and a promi-
nent writer on theology.

Ebenezer Raymond, the father of our subjects,
was born in Kent, Litchfield, county, Connecti-
cut, March 4, 1789. and when three years old
left with his parents his native home and settled
in Sherburne, Chenango county, New York,
until 1818, when he graduated with honor at
Union College and Theological Seminary of
New York. On the -Ith day of March, 1818,
he married Miss Lydia, daughter of William
Chapman, of Tolland county, Connecticut, born
September 23, 1796, and at the time of her
marriage living with her brother, Rev. Henry
Chapman, Congregational preacher at Ilartwick,
New York, llie union was blessed with eight
children, four sons and four daughters, of whom
Henry was the fourth antl Calvin the eighth
child. In 1859, they moved from Elgin, Illi-
nois, to Forest Grove, and January 31, 1803,
he fell asleep, and in about six months his wife
followed, leaving many friends to mourn their
_ loss.

Henry C. Raymond was born at Victor, On-
tario county, New York, August 24, 1825. On
the 0th day of April, 1852, he left the parental
roof near Elgin, Illinois, and coursed his way
in company with S. Blank and family across
the plains westward, he arriving at Forest

Grove, Oregon, October 10th, 3 o'clock i'. m.,
being si,\ months and four days on the way.

The first three years was spent in dairy and
farming upon the A. T. Smith farm, living with
his uncle and aunt Smith; in the fall of 1850
bo engaged in tlie nursery and orehartling busi-
ness for two years.

lie then visited his former home in iClgin,
Illinois, for one year, when he made arrange-
ments for the family to follow him to Oregon
and returned, living with his uncle Smith two
years; then teaching school, speculating in real
estate, buying and selling on his own account.

In 1877 he engaged in general merchandis-
ing at Gaston, and in 1878 entered into part-
nership with his brother (Calvin, which still
continues. They own their dwelling, store
building, warehouse, and two farms of 435 acres,
and are doing a large and prosperous business.

Henry C. Raymond holds a meinbershij) with
the Patrons of Husbandry, having i)assed the
Master's chair, and now is Deputy Master of
Washington county; also an Odd Fellow, hav-
ing connected himself on the 12th day of Sep-
tember, 1872, passing the Noble Grand's chair,
in 1875, was appointed District Deputy, and is
now Grand Cliaplain of the Grand Lodge of
Oregon; also a member of the Congregational
Church since he was fifteen years old, and is
now Deacon of the church to which he belongs.
He is an active worker in Sunday-schools, and
is now President of the Washington County
Union Sunday-school Association.

Calvin A. Raymond, the junior member of
the firm of Raymond Brotliers, was born in
Eric county, New York, February 22, 1838;
was reared to manhood in New York and Illi-
nois; and was sent regularly to the common
schools, but is largely a self-made man. Ho
came to Oregon in 1801, and was nnirried at
Forest Grove, Oregon, in 1803, to Miss Susan
L. Tanner, a native of Illinois, and a daughter
of Elisha Tanner, an Oregon pioneer. There
was born to Mr. and Mrs. Raymond, one son,
Fred E., now,a resident of P'orest Grove. This
wife died in 1808, and Mr. Raymond was again
married, in 1885, to Miss IdaJ. McMonies, who
has given her husband two children, — Willis
Glenn and Clyde Chapman. In the early part
of his career Mr. Raymond was engaged in cabi-
net-making, but upon the death of his first wife
he traveled for some time; but in 1877 he came
to Gaston, and became a partner in business
with his brother, Henry C. Raymond, and has

470

HISTORY OF ORKOON.

f I

been with him evor wince. Calvin A. and iii»
wife are Conj^regatiotialiets, and are deeply in-
terested in its iirosperity. lie, like ids brother,
is H Uepnblican, and very expressed in his
opinions, but beinj; a man of l)roail gauge, he
does not think the less of a man because lie
chances to differ with him. The brothers are
excellent business men. aecommodatini^, just
and upright in their dealings, and enjoy the
entire confidence of the business community.

'■€(ic"ii'?-''

tHWIS MAUION PAUUISH, a pioneer of
Oregon and a reliable business man of
Tortland, was born in Sylvia county, Vir-
ginia. June 21. 1830. His father, Abram
Childers I'arrish, was a native of Virginia, of
English extraction, and was a sohlier of the war
of 1812. He married Annie ['arsons, of Vir-
ginia. Her people were equally early settlers
and participated in the war for independence.
Mr. Parrish, the subject of this sketch, was one
of a family of seven children, of whom only
three are now living. In 1832 the family re-
moved to Montgomery county, Missouri, and he
was raised there on a farm. In 1852, in April,
lie started on the ptrilous journey across the
plains. On the journey several of the company
died, and they met with the usual incidents
with which the emijirants were beset on their
journey- When they arrived at Snake river
they constructed a ferry-boat by fastening their
wagon boxes together, and then ran a ferry
three weeks. With this ferry they floated down
Snake river from below Salmon Falls to Fort
Hall, they there abandoned the boat, bought
two horses, packed them and came on foot.
They took passage for Portland at the (Cascades
on a little boat called the J. S. P. Flint. They
arrived at Portland at one o'clock in the morn-
ing. October 19, 1852. Mr. Parrish had just
twenty-five cents left, with which he purchased
a loaf of bread and a piece of butter, on which
he and his cousin made their breakfast. They
then started out in search of a job, and as they
walked along the bank of the beautiful Willam-
ette river, a man met them and asked them if
they wanted work, and they replied in the
affirmative. lie gave them a second breakfast,
of which they partook freely, notwithstanding
they had eaten the loaf a short time before.
They worked for him three days rolling saw-

logs into the river, for which thoy were paid
SJ3.5() per day, and they starteil off feeling rich.
Mr. Parrish was next employed by Thomas
Stephens on his farm, at #00 per month. He
continued at this for about two years. He then
took up a donation claim of 1(50 acres of land,
four and one-half miles from Portland. He
built a cabin on it and made it his home for
several years. In 1855 he eidisted in Oimpany
E, Vam Hill County Volunteers, and was en-
gaged in fighting tlu^ \ akima Indians from
October until the following May. Upon his
return to Portland in 1856, he worked at a door
and sash manufactory, and at tlio same time he
was hired by some of the business men of Port-
land as watchman, and was a Deputy Marshal
under Samuel Ilalcam, First Marshal of Port-
land, so that he had 'authority to make arrests.
For a time ho work(*d in the day time and
watched at night. In 1857 he worked some at
the carpenter trade and helped finish off a brick
building, the thi d lirick structure erected in
Portland. After this he was in the fuel and
transfer business; then he went to the Orapino
mines and was engaged in placer mining, but
he returned in October no richer than h() had
gone. lie had charge for a time of the dis-
tribution of the Daily Oregonian, and at
that time the city list of subscribers was 172.
In March, 1863, Mr. Parrish opened the first
real-estate office in the city, and during the
time alluded to he has handled a great deal of
real estate in the city, and has valuable city
property for sale. He has a large and lucrative
business. He has built a residence on the cor-
ner of Thirteenth and Mill streets, where he
resides with his family.

He was married in February, 1859, to Sarah
Jane Watkins, of New York, who came to
Oregon in 1852, and she was the daughter of
Mr. Charles Watkins. They resided at the
Cascades in the winter of 1855 and 1856, and
were in the massacre by the Indians. There
her father and brother were both killed, while
she and her mother sought refuge in a store
and escaped with their lives. The building in
which they sought refuge being set on tire three
times by the Indians, they were nearly among_
the victims. Mr. Watkins' arm was broken by
a shot, but he succeeded in hiding from the In-
dians, but exposure in the open air with his
broken arm caused his death. The mother and
children, with others, were besieged three days
and nights before they were rescued. Mrs.

IlfHTOJir Of-' OUKdO.V.

471

I'nrrieli'g Imlt' brotlipr was on board the little
stfiiiiicr Miiry Hell, 'j'lit^ IndiiiiiH slidt tlio ciip-
tiiiii of till! liout mid her hrothor fihot the tiret
Indiun, mid the boat was hlioved out into the
river, and by iisiiij^ kindling and grease they
got np fire aiicl Hteam enough to keep the boat
troin going over the riipidw. Mr. and Mrs.
I'arrisli iiave had tive children, all born in
I'ortland and all living, namely: Annie Jessie,
the eldest daughter, is the wife of Franklin J.
Fuller. The other children are: Loren C,
(teorge I..; Mary Alica, who is a teacher in the
I'ortland school; and liily May.

Mr. I'arrisli was for twenty-six years a inoni-
berof tlu^ First Congregational Church, and was
a Deacon. lie was an active worker in the
Snnday-school and mission work. lie is now a
member and Elder of the Calvary Presbyterian
Church, lie is a Uepiibliean in politics, a
strong temperance man, and was for six years
Clerk of School District No. 1. lie is a mem-
ber of A. (). U. W. He is a worthy and re-
liable citizen of I'ortland, and has the confidence
and good will of a wide circle of friends.

§1UAM TERWILLIGEU, who came to
Oregon in 1845, was born in Knox county,
Ohio, March B. 18*10, the son of .lames
Turwillger, one of the worthy and earliest pio-
neers of the city of I'ortland. (See his history
in this work.) Mr. James Terwilliger married
Miss Sophronia llnrd and had five children,
one of whom died in the East.

The subject of this sketch, is next to the
youngest of the above family, was five years of
age when the emigration to Oregon across the
plains took place. ( )ne of the children died on
the way, and Inter in the journey also the
mother, and the father with lus little children
was left in a strange land. Only two of the
family are now living; Iliram and a sister who
married Charles Cartwright, and is now living
in the eastern part of the State. Mr. James
Terwilliger built the first house in Portland,
and also the first blacksmith shop.

In the summer of 1848, Hiram was sent to
the first school kept in Portland, in a log house
near the corner or First and Pine streets, taught
by Miss Julia Carter. When he grew up
Iliram learned the trade of tanner and currier,
in the tannery owned and conducted by his
father and uncle. After working 'there nine

years, be followed mining for a time in Idaho and
Oregon, both placer and (jiiartz, making from 815
to 1(125 a ({ay, and sometimes as high as i{(50.
Returning to Portland, he took contracts and
furniphed saw logs, ami for a time mad(! money
in the biisinesss. Ne.xt he went on a hunting
and trapjiing expedition on the Columbia river,
spending a winter catching beaver, otter and
mink. Then he spent some time prospecting
for stone coal; then for five years he was a
sailor on the schooner Champion, making trips
between Tillamook bay and Portland, in 1870
he engaged in the grocery business in I'ortland.
After awliile he moved to Tillamook, and was
engaged in the dairy business for six years.
Then he returned to his father's place, where he
has since been engaged as assistant in the man-
agement of their valuable real estate, lie has
built several houses, and since 1886 he has been
employed in developing quartz mines at Elk
City, where he has a valuable mine of his own
and stock in several others.

In his political views Mr. Terwilliger is a
Republican, but gives little attention to politics.
However, he takes considerable interest in the
educational interests of his community; has
served as Clerk of the School Board. He is a
worthy and reliable citizen. Having now lived
in Oregon forty-seven years, he has seen this
State grow from a howling wilderness to a com-
monwealth of civilized luxury.

In 1869 he married Miss Mary E. Edwards,
a native of Iowa and the daughter of Joseph Ed-
wards, and they have had four children, namely:
James T., Joseph R., Charlotte J. and Wirtney.
Joseph was horn in Tillamook, and the others in
Portland. All of them are at honie with their
parents.

iLBERT E. MACKAY, M. D., a practic-
ing physician of Portland, Oregon, was
born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, June
15, 1863. His parents, James and Margaret
(Duncan) MacKay, were natives of Scotland, and
were reared and married in that country, from
there emigrating to Hamilton, where Mr. Mac-
Kay was engaged in mercantile business, and
also had shipping interests on the lakes. In
1873 the family removed to Toronto, where Mr.
MacKay continued his business enterprises. He
and his wife had eleven children, of whom the
subject of our sketch is the youngest.

4TJ

lllsroHY OF OHh'UOy.

Dr. MitcKiiy reoeired hit pruliminury educa-
tion Kl tli(i Mixlul School unci Collci^'iiitti [iiHti-
tiito of Toronto, when' lio ])re|mr(Ml hiinsulf for
thu Toronto llnivi'rsity. an.
M. in 18S7. lie tlien attended lectures at
'I'riiiity University, where he received the tle-
;;ree of M. I>. and C!. M. Wi»hinf; to extend
li's experience and knowledj^e in foreign institu-
tions, he visited l-ondon and passed ont> year in
])ost-i,'railiiate studies and visitinj^ hospitals.
UeturniM;f to New York city, he spent Honni
nioiitlis in perfecting his knowledjji" in his
chosen profession. In 1881) ho came to Port-
land anil estahlislied iiiinself in a f;cncral prac-
tice, which he has continued with marked huc-
eess. Soon after his arrival in Portland he was
elected to the chair of Microscopy and Histology
of the medical de|iartnieut of the University of
Oregon, to whicli he devotes much time ami re-
search. He is a meniher of the State and Port-
land jMedical Societies, of the American Micro-
scopic Society, and is president of the Multno-
inuli Amateur Athletic (Jlub.

— ^€®:!i)^-^^ —

fAPTAlN J. A. BROWN is connected
with the sliipping interests of Portland
and has a vital intluence in the development
of that great commercial center. He was born
in F^uhec, Maine, November 2.3, 1844. His
grandparents, Tiiomas Brown, born in Dublin,
an<l a graduate of the University, and Elizabeth
(Math(M'son) Brown, of Kdinburgii, Scotland,
emigrated to Nova Scotia in 1810, and to East-
port, Maine, in 1813, being among the early
settlers of that locality. The parents of our
subject, D. L. and .lane (Soutliergreen) Brown,
settled in Lubec, where ^[r. Brown conducted
a large cooperage and fishing business, and
manufactured iish oil and smoked herring.

At the age of tifteen years J. A. Brown be-
gan a .seafaring life, sailing from Portland,
Maine, upon the brigantine Almond Rowell for
Montevideo and the West Indies, sailing upon
this course for three years, with frequent voy-
ages to Europeai\ ports. He followed the sea
until 1866, going through the regular order of
promotion from sailor to first officer. January
1, 1806, as mate of the brig Mary A. Reed,
with Captain George Johnson. He sailed from

New York with a cargo of keel pieces for thu
Mare Island Navy Yard, California, and after a
tedious voyage of 1J27 days, they nuide port.
He was then employed by Sini|)son Brothers, of
San Francisco, as master of the tug Fearless, in
towing on (!oos bay bar for about three years,
then us pilot on (!oos bay and I'mpijua bar, on
the steamships I'acitic anil Pelican. Subse-
quently as master of sailing vessels between
Umpqiia bay anil San Fraiu'isco, Portland and
the Sandwich islamls. In 1874 he settled jn^r-
nianently in I'ortland and began the business of
stevedore, with ollices at Portland and .Vstoria,
in which he has built up an extensive busi-
ness.

Captain Brown was married in i'ortland, in
187."), to Miss Fannie E. Terry, a native of New
l?edford, Massachusetts, daughter of William
Terry, a California pioneer of 184!). They
have had five children: David A., George W.,
Jessie A., I'annie ii. and Melville W. The
family reside on K street, wlu're Captain Brown
built his residetu-e, in 18Si5. He is a nu'inber
of the Willamette i,odge, A. F. ifc A. M.. and a
charter member of the .Mohawk Tribe, No. 28,
of lied Men of I'acbeco, California, also a mem-
ber of the Board of I'ilot (!oininissioners for
Oregon.

irSS! '/, TRYON CIIAMBERLIN, a vet-
eran of I.'''' Union .\nriy and Deputy (!ol-
lect.or of Internal lievenue of Portland,
Oregon v,-is born in Montpelier, Vermont, May
11), IV-t'-, .lis father, Samuel Chainberlin, was
also born in Vermont. They aro of good old
i'^nglisli ancestry, who came to New England
early in the history of the colonies. Mr. Samuel
Chamberlin married Flora Tryon, a luitive of
liis own State and they had three children, all
of whom are living.

Russell was the oldest and was in school in
Montpelier when the rebels fired on Fort
Sumter. It was then thought that a few months
would serve to put down the Rebellion, but it
was soon found that it was to be a long aiul
bloody conflict and President Lincoln issued
his call for 100,000 men and Mr. Chamberlin
enlisted in Company G, Fourth Vermont Vol-
unteer Infantry. The first camp was at Chain
Bridge and the first fight at Lee's Mill, the
next at the battle of Yorktown and they were
in all the. series of hard battles in front of

M ui

insTour 01-' Dii/cnoy

4Ti

liitliinond and in the B«veii ddys' tiglit. They
won) lit (iiiin«^'H Hill. I'l'iidi Orclmrd, WliitcOiik
8\vaiii|i liiid in tht' Imttlc of Mulvciii Hill. Hiw
roj^inicnt wn.i ordiTt'd Nortli iind tlu'ir lir.^t
iMij;ii<^i!nient tlicru wiis iit tlii' battlo of ISiiU Itiin,
from tliore to iSoiitli Mouiitiiin and Antiotiiin.
lie hIho purtic'ipiitod in tlio battle of Fred-
uricksbni-f; niuU^r I'nrnsidc. He was in the
second Kattle under Hooker when {''riMlerickHlmrg
WRH eaptiired. He fought at (icttyBhurg ninier
(Jcneral Meudo and from there the regiment wart
Hcrit to New York eity to suppress the riot.
'I'liey wore then returneil to the Arniy of the
I'otoma' H*i was in the capture of Uappan-
iioek Station. The next hard tij^htinjr was in
the campaign of tiie Wilderness under (iencral
(irant; then Spottsylvftnia and Cold Harhor and
in the tight in front of lY'tershurg, where he was
for a time in command of his company, and was
captur(«] June T^ii. Was in I^ibhy prison for
a short time, then in Belle Isle, and was confined
five months in Andersonville. He was exchanged
just before Sherman arrived with his troops.
When he was exchanged ho was allowed a
thirty days' furlough to recover fi'oni the eirects
of his imprisonment, lie returned to his regi-
ment in 1805. He was ])romoted to Commis-
sary Sergeant of the regiment and later to
Lieutentant. In February he participated in the
battles of Forts Steadman and Tracy and at
Soiloss liun, the last heavy engagement of the
army, and ho was at Ap|)omattox at surrender of
General Lee. They were then sent to Danville
to assist in the capture of the army of General
Johnston. At the battle at which Mr. Cham-
berlin was captured he was reported killcid !<nd
,iews to that effect was sent to his friends at
home. Tlie way in which the report arose was
that a comrade of his had an empty envelopi; of
Mr. (Miamberlin's in his pocket. The man had
taken it when Mr. Chami)erlin had received it,
to carry some salt in. Ho was shot and found
on the field and this envelope addressed to Mr.
Chamberlin was found, in his pocket. Mr.
(,'haniberlin's friends did • not hear of his safety
until he was exchanged. lie returned lionie six
months later. After his return to the army he
several times crossed the ground and saw the
grave of his friend who rested under his name
inscribed above him. Very few men have seen
their own name above a grave.

lie was mustered out as First Lieutentant
and retired to his home, where he was engaged
in farming until 1877, when he carao to San

Franei8co and from there went to Virginia
City. .Nevada. He staid there until ISSO iitid
then came to I'ortland, ( •regon, wluTo he was
foreimm of Fngine Company No. '.i, and was a
most ellii'ient member <«t' the city tire Depart-
ment. Ho receiveil a custom-house aiipoint-
ment and herved two years and is now Deputy
Collector of Uevenue. He lias been a Kepublican
since the organization of the party. He was
Post Commander of the (ie()rge Wright i'ost,
No. 1, G. A. U., and was Aid-de-Cainj) on the
commander's stall' in 18!)1 and was also Chief
of Staff of the department commandei'.

He married in IStttl Mary K. 'J'own, of
Plainfield, Vermont. They havetwo sons, .1.
Kdgar and Earl. The former surveying, the
latter, attending sch()(d. such is a very brief
history of a very deserving main, who rendered
brave and heroic service in the Union army.
Tin* country can nevtu' r(|)ay the debt she owes
to the brave men who left home and friomls to
fight for her preservation.

— ^^m:m^^ —

fll F: 1) F: R I C K W. G E E K, of Clackamas
county, is a worthy Oregon pioneer of
1846. lie was born in the State of Con-
necticut May 24, 1817, and was the son of Jo-
seph C. Geer, also a native of the State of Con-
necticut and an Oregon pioneer of 1847. Mr.
Geer was the second son in a family of five sons
and five daughters, nine of whom are still liv-
ing. When he was two years old he removed
with tlie family to Ohio, wliere he remained
until 1840 and then removed to Illinois. In
1841 he was married to Miss Mary A. Pren-
tice, a native of Rochester, New York, a cousin
of the noted General Ranks. Two children
were born to Mr. and Mrs. Geer in Illinois:
Adelia H. and Theodore D. Adelia became
the wife of Charles M. Cartwriglit and died in
her fortieth year, leaving two (laughters and a
son. Theodore 1). is a farmer in Washington.
With his wife and two children our subject
made the trip with oxen p.oross the plains to
Oregon in 1846. The journiy was a successful
one, and they enjoyed it and were just six
months less one day making it. The family
settled upon a donation claim, in ('laekannis
county, of 640 acres, on the opposite side of the
Willamette river from where Butteville now
stands, and on this property he has ever since

474

HISTORY OF OREGON.

resided. In late years our subject has subdi-
vidinl liis farm into ten small ones for the cul-
tivation of hops. He was one of the first in
tiic section to engajfe in the raising of hops,
and found that his land was well adapted
to the hop culture. In one year he raised
from six acres $5,0()U, the price then being
seventy cents per pound, but now he has re-
tained fifty-three acres of land which he intends
to put into hops.

For sixteen years Mr. Geer was engaged in
the mercantile business in Hutteville, and he
also at an early day kept a hotel. His wife
cooked for the man who ran the first steamboat
on the AVillametto river. Mr. and Mrs. Geer
have had a family of ten children, of whom six
are living. The children born in Oregon are:
Fredrick Coridon, born July 24, 1848; he taught
school twelve years and has been in the depot
for the last eight years in Portland as head bag-
gagemaster; Annett, now Mrs. J. Handley, and
resides in Idaho; Violet Amelia, now Mrs. A.
McCulley, and resides in Salem; Ella died in
her twenty-second year; Archibald is a steam-
boat captain and resides in Portland; Prentiss
died in his seventh year; Eva and Eff'a were
twins, but Eva died in her seventh year, her
clothing having accidentally caugh'. on firo and
she was so badly burned that her little life
passed out; Effa married Joseph Iloeze and re-
sides with her father.

Socially Mr. Geer is a member of the Ma-
go!iic fraternity and has held the most of the
offices in his lodge. In his youth he was a
Democrat, but when the civil war came on he
was a strong Union man and joined the Repub-
lic.;!! party, and has since faithfully adhered to
that party. He has served several years as
Justice of the Peace and discharged the duties
of the ofHce in a fair and creditable manner.
His good wife, who with him crossed the plains
in 1846 and who has since faithfully shared iiis
joys and sorrows, is still spared to him, and
they live in peace. ])lenty and comfort on the
land which has been their home for forty-six
years.

^ON. THOMAS i'AlJLSEN, of Washing-
ton county, Oregon, is one oi' the huccpss-
ful garden farmers of his county ai.d a
most respected citizen. He was born in Den-
mark, province Schleswig, February It), 1835,

and was the son of Hans and Johanna Paulsen.
The father was a Lutheran minister, who also
engaged in farming.

Mr. Paulsen was educated in the schools of
his country, supplemented with his father's
valuable instructions, as the latter desired his
son to become a minister. This hope the son
was not inclined to fulfill, as his desires did not
direct him in that way, and in his sixteenth
year he left home, coming to America. In the
city of Milwaukee he learned the trade of a
printer, at which he worked for a number of
years. In 1854 he went to Nebraska and was
there one of the pioneers of the State, as he
was in Omaha when it had but a few houses..
In 1861, when the civil war burst upon the
country, an e.vpedition was fitted out tL keep the
Indians in check, as it was feared that on the
frontiers the Indians would take advantage r t'
the troubled times in the civilized paitof tho
country and would commit many depredations.
Captain Mayndier had command of this expe-
dition and Mr. Paidsen enlisted in the ccimj)any.

This party crossed the plains ,.nd for five
months Mr. Paulsen was in that service. They
were dischargtMl at Walla Walla. Mr. Paulsen
came to Portland and there engaged in work at
the printers' trade, later going to Stdem and
still later to Jacksonville, where be had no
trouble in findintjwork at the "case." He tried
mining awhile in eastern Oregon.

In 1871, at Jacksonville, Mr. Paidsen was
married to Miss F. M. Campbell, a native of
Indiana, born in 1840. Soon after the marriage
they camu to Washington county and pur-
chased forty-six acres of rich land adapted to
farm gardening, and here began the business,
which he has since followed. Working hard
and intelligently he soon built up a prosperous
business and accumulated a competency. He
has added tracts of laud from time to tiuie to
his original purchase, has erected a comfortable
residence and has surrounded himself with tho
comforts of life. Soon after his arrival in the
United States the country became agitated over
the extension of slavery and his sympathies
were enlisted on the side of freedom, and when
he became a citizen he found in the newly
organized Republican party the ideas that he
believed in and Ids first vote was oast for Abra-
ham Lincoln for president, and since that time
he has Ixjen a stanch adhoront of the Re|)nb-
lican party.

Ill 1880 the jiarty gave him the nomination

[

I- r

HISTORY OF OREGON.

475

for County Commissioner, nn office of the great-
est importance in the county. He was elected
and served hin term with the good sense which
has characterized every effort of his life. In
1880 he was nominated and elected to the State
Legislature, served satisfactorily one term and
was honored by a re-election. "During that
time he was Chairman of the Committees on
Printing and Chairman of the Committee on
Highways.

Mr. Paulsen is a member of the I. O. O. F.
and of the Grange, having been Master of his
grange and its representative to the State
Grange. His life has been one of honest effort,
and he and his good wife are very deserving of
the prosperity which they h»ve secured.

^^^AMUEL li. THURSTON.— In the open-
ing of the Territorial era, Hon. Samuel It.
Thurston was easily the most representa-
tive character. He probably embodied in him-
self more of the spirit and life that lay at the
foundation of the new commonwealth that was
being formed on the Pacific coast than any
other one man, and did more to give trend and
character to its subsequent history than any
other of his period. So, to dismiss his career
and work with the few fentences we could give
him in the chapter that records his death would
he wrong.

Mr. Thur3toii was horn in Monmouth, Maine,
in 1816. His father died while he was young,
and the family removed to the small town of
Peru, in Oxford county, where he grew np to
manhood, lie early became a member of the
Methodist Episcopal Church, and before he was
twenty yeprs of age became noted, locally, as
an eloquent and fervent exhorter in revival
meetings. Though with limited education, hi*
ability was evident, and his command of lan-
gnage remarkable. Ttiere was, however, one
quality of his character which led judicious ad-
visors to persuade him to adopt the profession
of the law, anil that was his aggressiveness and
combativeness. Appreciating the interest taken
in himself by several leading men of the county,
he entered upon a thorough course of study 8t(d,
in 1843, graduated with honors nt Bowdoin
College, Maine. During his college course he
developed much skill in debate ,i;i(! in written
polemics. He also showed more than usual in-
terest in politics, and on the occurrence of every

election he found time to go out among the
people and make speeches for the Democratic
])arty ; becoming prominent as a political speaker
while yet an undergraduate. His interest in
political affairs and his stirring speeches at-
tracted the attention of ex-Governor Robert C.
Dutilap, who received young Thurston as a law
student in his office. In this place young
Thurston found a congenial atmosphere, as the
Governor had been much in put)Iic life, and had
served as Speaker of the National House of
Representatives. Here a glimpse of national
politics could be obtained, and the interest in
public questions here awakened in him never
abated while he lived. After being admitted
to the bar in Maine, Mr. Thurston married and
went West, establishing himself in Hurlington,
Iowa, and becoming the editor of the I5;irling-
ton Gazette, a Democratic journal. Remaining
here two years he decided to emigrate to Ore-
gon, which he did in 1847 with his little fam-
ily, traveling by ox teams and wagon, accord-
ing to the custom of the times.

On arriving in Oregon in the autumn of that
year, he settled at Ilillsboro in Tualatin, now
Washington county, and began the practice of
the law. In 1848 lie represented that county
in the Legislative Assembly of the Provisional
Government of Oregon.

The following year the Ur ted States having
extended its jurisdiction over Oregon, and or-
ganized a Territorial Government, Samuel R.
Thnrston was elected the first delegate in Con-
gress. He had the honorable distinction of be-
ing the first representative elected by the peo-
ple, under a law of the United States, from that
vast domain lying west of the Rocky mountains
now embracing five States and a part of three
others, and two Territories, — comprising one-
fourth of the present area of the Unions. The
retrospect of forty-three years in the history of
our Government-, beginning with Thurston's
election, from the Pacific coast in 1849, to rep-
resent Oregon in Congress, and following along
to the present day, is startling indeed. Then
the slow-moving ox teams — now the fiying ex-
press railway train. Then the wilderness and
savage life — now organized States with two
senators and many representatives in Congress
— the country teeming with every product and
manufactr.re of civilized life, with schoolhonses,
churches and colleges everywhere.

Thurston arrived in Washington in the au-
tumn of 1849, and sot himself at work at once

■III

47«

III STOUT OF OREGON.

for his constitutents witli siu-Ii vigor and dili-
g(Mice that success followed to a remarkable de-
gree. If lie did not originate the idea of a do-
natioti land law for the settlers of. Oregon he
carried the idea into effect hy combining all
that was practi>'able into a measure, and work-
ing in season and out of season, and with skill
and diplomacy in securing its passage through
Congress. This was the donation act of Sep-
tember 21, 1850, which lies at the foundation
of the most valuable titles to land west of the
Itocky mountains and north of (/alifornia.

He also secured the passage of measures pro-
viding for the extinguishment of the Indian
title to lands lying west of the Cascade mount-
ains by proper treaties; for a superintendent of
Indian affairs, and their Indian agents; a sur-
veyor-general's otiice, and the saviilg of all set-
tled lands; for post oltices and mail routes; for
the coast survey and lighthouses, and many
other matters of great pul)lic moment, involving
appropriations for Oregon of nearly ^200,000,
a very large sum in those days for' so small a
population. It is not probable that Oregon
then eml)racing all west of the Rocky mount-
ains and north of California, contained more
than 10,000 white peo[)le.

There was one thing in the Oregon land bill,
for which much censure has been bestowed on
^'. M (ton by some writers, to which, as it

! IS ' ri ed largely in one aspect of Oregon
lijstor/ ive must here give some careful consi<l-
♦ -i'" 1. It was the insertion in the bill of a
cirfHse excepting from its operation the Oregon
city claim, held and occupied by Dr. John
McLonghlin, and providing that the same should
go to the university laud fund. Mut those who
have made reflections upon Mr. Thurston for his
action in this particular have only exiiressed one
side of a very sharp controversy' of that period,
a'ld have not considered the real cause of this
a(!tion. Let us state the case:

When Dr. McLonghlin first announced his
claim to the ownership of the Oregon City site,
he was not aTul never had been a resident upon
it, but was a resident of Vancouver, on the
north side of the (Columbia river, and was chief
factor of the Hudson's Hay Company, a foveign
corporation. He was a Hritish subject, and had
not even declared his intention of becoming a
citizen of the United States. This was in 1842,
and while the Hritish crown claimed the whole
of Oregon, and was, by treaty, in (^uiet occu-

pancy of it. In this state of things Rev. A.
S. Wallis, an American citizen, and a inissionary
of the Methodist Episcopal Church, esiablislied
himself, and began to work tliere at an earlier
date, making claim to the land as an .'imerifiiu
citizen. Wlujtever the exact fact of pr'jr occu-
pancy might have been, the contro-.er.sy as to
the Oregon City claim was between an Amer-
ican citizen and a British f.ubject, and the ele-
ment of ownership that entered into the broader
controversy between Engla id and the United
States, as to the country itself, entered into
this. The chief, and indeed, the only opposition
to McLoughlin was based on his being the chief
factor of the Hudson's Hay Company, wlii('h was
established in Oregon to sustain the Hritish
claims to the country, and that company did all
in its power to sustain that claim. On the
other hand, for many years the American mis-
sionaries at this time was not only the strongest,
but almost the entire influence anta<£onizing the
British sway in Oregon, and maintaining the
ascendency of the United States. Is it then
remarkable that strong efforts were made and
high feeling was evoked in the controversy?
The spirit of antagonism between these two ele-
ments was not wholly allayed by the treaty of
184t), liecause the ]?ritisli (Jovernment still
claimed under the terms of the treaty large in-
demnities in money and the j)rivilege of assorting
])o88essory rights in its subjects resident in the
country and it was not known for some time
whether McLoughlin would claim as a citizen of
Great Britain, or whether he would become natu-
ralized and claim as a citizen of the United States.
This was the condition when Thurston became
a camlidate for delegate to Congress, in 1849.
Two elements entered into Thurston's per-
sonal relations with the (piestion of tiiis claim
between McLoughlin and Wallis: First, Thurs-
ton had been a zealous and consistent member
of the chnrcli of which T,Ir. Wallis was a min-
ister and missionary from boyhood, ami he niitur-
ally, and, it might be said, properly, represented
the views and sympathies of that church. Sec-
ond, Thurston was an American, and, of course,
ho couhl not do otherwise than sustain that side
of the controversy, of which this was only an
incident. The issue that vras culled •' "'k's^'ti's
I?ay and anti-Hudson's," ihat ei • jf'J so etronsfiy
in the formation of the I'r. vibional (ri ■•'■■ >-
nicut, and had been carried clear thrcigh its
existence, lisul not exhausted its force wlien the
election for delegate to Congress came on. It

! !l

HISTORY OF OREGON.

477

was the chief issue then as heforc, Thni'ston
representing the American, or " Anti-IIiidson's
Bay" sentiment. Tiierefore, in securinif the
provision in the land law of 1850, vesting the
Oregon City land claim in the university fund,
Thurston undoubtedly considered himself acting
in the true interest of the American cause in
(Jregon. In his published address " to the
electors and pcojile of tlie Territory of Oregon,"
of September, 1850, he stated his views of the
matter as follows: "It is sufficient for me to
state here, without going into proof, that I do
not now, nor did I while that land bill was under
consideration, consider V)y. McLouglilin entitled
to any favor or gratuity from tiie American
Government. I believed then, and I believe
now, and I have no doubt the jjroofsin existence
will sustain it most triumphantly, that he has
devoted long years of his life in the service of
the Mritish kin^j and ([ueen, in seeking to wrest
the whole Territory from our Government, and
acting as a spy imd informant, to place more
etfectuiiUy the means of doing so in the hands
of our enemies I believe, too, that for a con-
siderable portion of his life he has labored as-
siduously to lorce back the settlement of our
Territory, and to stifle and bear (k)Wn, by all
means in his pow-jr, the throes of young Ore-
gon to be delivered from the burden of foreign
oppression, and from the chains and manacles
of British power."

Here Mr. Thurston places his own motive on
the highest ground of patriotism ; ancl considering
the period and the circumstances it seems clear
that he was justified in his position. Subse
quently after Mr. Thurston's death, and after
Dr. McLouglilin ceased to claim as a British
subject under the treaty of 1840, and became a
citizen of the United States by naturalization,
public excitement against him was abated, and
public sentiment began to move in favor of his
receiving his land claim from Oregon where the
land law vested the title. The Oregon Legisla-
ture after the death of McLouglilin, for the
consideration of !fl,0()0, named in the act to
make it valid, authorized the transfer of the
Oregon (Jity claim to his heirs. Thus closed a long
and bitter controversy, which had its two sides,
and both of them were legitimate. While Dr.
McLouglilin was a British subject, and at the
head of a powerful foreign corporation repre-
senting [?ritisli jurisdiction in Oregon, and after
the treaty of 1840 assorting claims of the Brit-
ish (fovernment and British subjects under it,

•0

opposition to him and to his claims was legiti-
mate; but when conditions had changed and
McLouglilin had become an .Vmerican citizen
and claimed by American right, no one > ji
doubt if Thurston had lived, l)ut he would have
acquiesced in the views of most of his friends,
who had stood by him in his former attitude,
and, as he was a generous and impulsive man,
that he would have been gratified with the ulti-
mate adjustment.

In his congressional labors Thurston accom-
plished a vast amount for his constituents in
addition to the measures already in<]icated. In
fact he far overworked his powers, and left but
little strength for the trials of his return home.
At that time traveling by the Isthmus route
was dangerous on account of the "I'anama
fever." He was attacked by this disease, and
died on the steamer California off Aca|)ulco,
Mexico, where he was buried. His death oc-
curred Ai)ril 9, 1851, at the age of thirty-five
years. The Legislature of the Territory took
measures to have his body brought home for
burial. An immense concourse of people at-
tended his funeral at Salem, and Hon. Delazon
Smith, afterward United States Senator, pro-
nounced a most eloquent funeral oration. By
public appropriation a proper monumont of
Italian marble was erected to his memory on
the quiet spot of his last resting place.

Samuel R. Thurston was a man of remarka-
ble gifts and powers. Of a highly nervous and
rensitive organization, he yet shrank from no
labor, exposure or danger. He was fearless and
aggressive when believing himself in the right,
or engaged in a duty. Ho was a mosteloquent and
forcible public speaker. He possessed a breadth
of ability, which not only attracted attention as
a new member of Congress seldom does, but
gave promise of great success, and a wide field
of usefulness in public life. He had one ijuality.
which is generally the true test of strong char-
acter; whenever he appeared before the people
he divided them into two parts — friends and
enemies, or perhaps it were better to say, ad-
herents and opponents. Hut in his congres-
sional work he knew no political party, but
worked with diplomatic policy to bring all men
to him in support of his measures for the good
of Oregon.

It has been said that his death saved him
from humiliating defeat on his return for re-
election. There is no ground for this assertion.
lie Iiad earned a re-election, if any man ever

478

HISTORY OF OREGON.

(lid, a. id lio wonUl have reoeivtd it by an over-
wlu'lmiiiff iiiHJoritv. OrejiOii lias liad tew aliler
or more devoted citizens tlian Samuel II. Tliurs-
toi).

iAllVEY W. SCOTT.— The gr. i',
V§\ paper is liotli the creator and reflec'

tlie intellectnal and moral life of at .-
munity. Beyond any State in America it has
chanced to Orcfron to illustrate this fact. It
has one, hnl one, really great paper, the daily
and weekly Orejronian, of which Mr. Harvey
W. Scott has been the editor since 1865, witli
only the lirief interval of six years, making a
service almost continuous of nearly aqiiarterof
a century. From the fact that Mr. Scott has
editorially made the Oregonian the power it has
long been in ill the life of (Oregon, he is fully
entitled to be considered in the field of journBl-
isin the one representative man of the State.
The paper which he has .so ably edited has cer-
tainly exerted a controlling influence on all
forms of thought and life on the Pacific coast,
and this is only saying that Mr. Scott iiimsclf
has done so.

Mr. Scott came to Oregon in his early Iwy-
hood and began his life here on the donation
claim of his father at hard toil. He was of a
remarkably talented family, several of whom
have distinguished themselves in literary ))ur-
suits. His father being unable to educate him
he undertook his own ednciition, and under
great difliculties pursued a collegiate course at
Pacific ITnivorsity, Forest Grove, Oregon, going
forth from that alma mater as its first regular
\ind full graduate. This, however, was but a
Ibimdation for an education for such a man as
Mr. Scott, and he proct^eded to build upon it a
superstructure of culture and erudition that in
breadth and strei;gth has no superior, if it has
an equal, on the northwest coast. No small part
— indeed the larger part — of this he has done
while pursuing his editorial career.

The qualities of Mr. Scott's mind are capa-
ciousness, strength and clearnese. His capacity
to stretch his investigations over the whole
range of knowledge is wonderful and he grapples
with all the subjects, which he discusses with
prodigious nerve. The logical faculty predom-
inates his thinking, hence he thinks clearly and
connectedly, and welds his arguments into
chains, whose every link is steel. Men who

think but little, and that on the surface of
things, often disagree with him, but men who
think profoundly and deeply always question
their own opinions if they find them counter to
his. Still Mr. Scott is not what is called a
brilliant man. He is not an orator. His speech
does not scintillate and flash, but is slow, delib-
erate, even hesitating. He does not affect ora-
tory. With him the pen is the mighty vehicle
for communicating his thoughts to the world,
and with that he is easy master.

.Mr. Scott is a thoroughly independent jour-
nalist. Though he and his paper are rated
generally as Kepublican in politics, yet they are
so only so far as the principles and policies of
that party accord with his convictions. It will be
readily seen from this that he is not a politician.
He is too great for that. But he is a statesman.
All questions of national and international policy
and history are equally patent to Mr. Llcott's
thought, and he discusses them ii\ a manner not
only to influence the judgment of those near
him, but so as to draw the attention of the most
distinguished statesman in the nation. There
can be no doubt, therefore, that the opinions of
Mr. Scott are more widely quoted, and have a
greater and broader influence throughout the
nation than those of any other Oregonian. Cer-
tainly he occupies a ground of high advantage
as the editor of the most widely circulated paper
on the coast, but ho made this, advantage for
himself, and in it, as thus he made it, be con-
tinually demonstrates his |K)wer.

There has been a continuity in the work of
Mr. Scott that is worthy of teing referred to as
a model for the young people of the State of
which he is so illustrious a citizen. Ue has
never been a divided man. The tripod has been
his chosen throne. Though he has ranged all
literature and all science, and is by nature and
study a metaphysician, yet he brings, on oc-
cassion, all the wealth of his learning to enrich
and make powerful the columnsof hisCJregonian,
in which ho almost literally "lives and moves
and has bis being." It is this which has en-
abled him to bring his paper up into such a po-
sition of recognized power, and make it so in-
fluential in building up the State of which its
editor is so justly proud. While he is proud of
Oregon, the Statu has just reason for pride that
such a man as Mr. Scott has been the product
of early educational and literary history. Few
indeed are the men to whom it is ever given to
impress themselves so deeply on the thought

a I STOUT OF OREGON.

4n'i

and life of his times as it has been Mr. Scott to
ilo on the thoiiirlit ami life of Oregon. Hence
we consider him pre-eminently a representative
man.

UKPRESBNTATIVE MINI8TKR8.

The ordinary historian studying history only
from the external of life and forgetting to
search for its hidden springs in the motives and
life of the individual makes little reference to
the ministers of a community or State as an
ever present and ever moving force, out of
which what is called history, is evolved. They
almost habitually ignore the universal presence
and intellectual and moral work of that great
class of men called ministers, men of thought
and speech, of convictions and conscience, whose
addresses week by week influence thousands in the
directions of the best forms of life. Oregon, es-
pecially, should be more considerately just than
this, Hs ministers and missionaries were the real
founders of the State, and from the beginning
have shown a true and faithful devotion to her
interests. Some notice of their work, as an
integral part of the history, constructing force
of this great Northwest, ought to be given
here, and it can best be given by selecting the
names of a few men from the various denom-
inations that have wrought in Oregon as repre-
sentatives of the work of all. Only those are
taken whose lifetime service is so identified
with the public life of the State as to fix them
as waymarks of its history.

William Roberts, D. D. — In some of the de-
nominations there have been so matiy men of
about equal prominence and power that it is
difficult to name one as more fitly representa-
tive than others, but we can only take one from
each of the leading churches of the State.

The Methodist Episcopal Church being iirst
to occupy (Jregon, early gained a vantage
ground over all the others, and has had more
men of eminent public, as well as ecclesiastical
reputation than any other, but, |)erhaps, take
him all in all, for length and extent of service,
diversity of responsibility, general ability, men-
tal culture, the one whose name is best entitled
to this recognition was William Roberts, D. D.
Mr. Roberts came to Oregon as superintendent
of the missionary work of the Metliodist Epis-
copal Church, in 184:7, and remained prom-
inently connected with all the moral, educational
and Ijenevolent work of the State until 'lis

death, in 1888, a period of forty-one years. He
had the siiperiiitendency of the missionary work
of his church, over what is now all the States
of California, Oregon, Washington and Idaho,
and exercised it actively in a period when to
travel over it required the hardihood and de-
termination of the typical pioneer, as well as
the typical itinerant. As a man. Dr. Roberts
had singular suavity of disposition and man-
ners, a strong and well-drilled mind and a per-
severing and steady will. In appearance he
was always the cultured gentleman, as a preacher
he was fluent, graceful, with an elocution that
was nearly faultless, charming alike the rustic
audiences of the country or the cultured hearers
of the metropolis. In this respect, for many
years, he was the foremost man of the Oregon
pulpit.

Mr. Roberts was always deeply in sympathy
with all the educational movements of the State,
and served as a member of the Board of Trus-
tees of the "Willamette University during all the
time of his life in Oregon, nor was h.is interest
in that cause limited to this one school, or even
to the schools of his own church, but extended
to the schools of other churches, and especially
to the public-school system, of which he was a
most ardent friend and supporter.

Ho saw his own church increase in the region
in which he labored so long, from a few scores
of people to at least 20,000, and the country
over which he traveled on horseback for the
first ten or fifteen years of his life on the fron-
tier filled with a teeming population, with town
and cities occupy the spots where he formerly
built his camp-fires, with steamboats plowing
all the rivers, and railroads threading all the
valleys, in short a metropolitan civilization,
where he first found a savage wilderness.

The details of his work, or of the changes
they wrought in the social and intellectual con-
dition of Oregon, cannot be traced here, but he
is surely entitled to be classed among the most
honorable of the founders of the State of Ore-
gon.

G. H. Atkinson, D. D. — This gentleman was
a Congregationalist, and his service in Oregon
was so ' jng and of so eminent a character, both
as relates to his own church and the history of
the State, that he is clearly the one thoroughly
representative man of the church to which he
belonged. Ho came to Oregon froTU New Eng-
land about 1848, and serv. I for some years as
pastor of the church in Oregon City, then the

-ISO

niSTORY OF OREGON .

cliitf pliicf of the Territory. lSnl)Beqiiently he
WHS chobcii to that of Portland, aiul from thi.s
watt made a missionary sii])erinteiident of the
work of hiri cimrch in tlie ^iorthwe8t. Tliin
lirt.nght him into contact with tlie i)eoi)le all
over this vast jurisdiction, and made liim as
generally known as any minister in Oregon.

lie was a man of great excellence of char-
acter, f\ill of devotion to the best and most be-
novolent work, and courageous and indomita-
hlc in the jjursuits of his purposes, lie etpe-
ciallv distinguished himself in Oregon by his
intelligent antl coni]ireheHsive treatment of all
subject,'-: of a social and econoniii- character in
ihe public press. In this respect he was a
leading publicist, as well as a leading minister
and his work did much to ojien tlie career of
his ])rosperity to his Sti.te. I'robably no one
man did mt)re to foster and encourage education
in the State tlian he. lie served as superin-
temlent of sdiools for Mnltonomali county, in
wliicli Portland is situated, and was long the
chief factor in the support of the Pacific Uni-
versity.

The high standing of Congregatiunalism in
Oregon is very largely due to the intelligent
and self-denying work of Dr. Atkinson from
184S to 1S7(>. during which ti?ne he bore the
great burden of laying broad aiul deep its foun-
dations almost alone. His contemporaries in
all churches, and in the general public as well,
will join us in ]>lacing his name among tlie
most eminent of the re])resentative citizens of
Ore<'ou. He died in Portland a few years ago,
beloved as a man and honored as u pioneer and
minister.

A. 1,. Lindsley, I). I)., LL. I).— Presbyte-
riaiiism in Oregon has a strong and intlnential
position. Historically that pooition is owing
iMore to the character and work of the gentle-
man whose name is written above than to those
of any other one man. Fortunate in having in its
laity a large iiuml)er of the wealthiest and most
intiiiential of the citizens of the State, yet even
this was the result largely of the work of Mr.
Lindsley, who brought to the pastorate of tlie
First Presbyterian Oliurcli, when he assumed it
in IHO'J, a breadth and precision of scholarship,
a courtesy and gentleness of bearing, a states-
manlike gras|) of thought, and a power of sus-
tained action in the highest lines that has never
been e.xcelled in the history of the State. He
found the I'resbyterian Church in the city and
in the State very weak numerically, and not

strong ill any resjiect, and set himself to work
with an industry that never knew weariness
and a judgment that never l>lnndered to the
lifting of it to its rightful plane of influenco
and ])0wer. Ilis sciiolarship and ability early
won him personal recognition among the ablest
men of the State, and made him thenceforward,
until he resigned his pastorate in 1888 to take
tlie place of a theological professorship in the
Presbyterian Theological Seminary in San
Francisco, undoubtedly the most influential
personality among the ministers of the State.

For the later years of his life in Oregon he
traveled extensively in the Northwest, super-
vising the interests of his denomination, and
imjiressing the general public mind witli in-
fluences that always made for culture and mo-
rality.

With all his culture and refinement, Dr. Lind-
sley had the instincts of a pioneer. His tastes
were sim[)le, his manners were unostentatious,
and he was equally at home in the drawing-room
of the millionaire or about the humlile board of
the backwooilsman. He cultivated the com-
mon people, and loved their plain and simple
ways and thus he became very dear to hundreds
of nnpretentious families from which many men
fur liis inferior would have turned away.

His interest in the cause of education was, of
course, most pronounced, and he was often seen
in the class-rooms of the common school as well
as on the rostrum of the lecturer. Dr. Lindsley
was fortunate in the time of his service in Ore-
gon as it was a time of the transition of the
State from almost a provincial to a real nietro-
polita;i condition ami to that transition he was
able to contribute a very efiicient and controlling
influence and enabled him to stand forth in the
public regard as a thoroughly representative
man.

Kev. T. L. Eliot, D. D.— The sketch of the
representative ministers of Oregon that left un-
mentioned the naine of this gentleman would
justly be considered partial and unsatisfactory.

Mr, Eliot has the distinction of having held
the longest pastorate of any minister of the city
of Portland or in the State of Oregon. He was
called from the city of St. Louis in 18(57, while
yet a young man, to the pastorate of tiie First
Unitarian Churchof Portland, then a very small so-
ciety, worshiping in a very unpretentious cliapel,
situated on tlie site of its present large and beau-
tiful editice. From 1867 to 1893 Mr. Eliot con-
tinued its pastor, when he voluntarily resigned

inSTOltr OF OREGON.

4Si

liis charge on account of impaired lioalth, tluis
giving a full quarter of a century of extraonli-
narily useful service to iiis ciuirch and the State
of which lie has been so eminent « citizen.

With Mr. Eliot, while lie has in no sense
minitied his calling as a minister, citizenship
and manhood have been lield higher than a
mere professional life. He lias been moreapul)-
llc man in the best sense than has any other
minister of the State. His long residence in
one place has given him a hold upon public in-
terests that he could not otherwise have gained,
and hence he has been one of the leading spirits
in all benevolent and reformatory measures that
have been organized in the city where he has so
long resided. It is in these departments that
Mr. Eliot and his church have been mostdistin-
guished and have done most for the welfare of
the State.

•As a man Mr. Eliot is small, though not ef-
t'eniinato in person, and exceedingly cidtivated
and refined in manner. He is as simple and un
ostentatious as a child. His intellect is of a very
fine texture, and by thorough culture is as tem-
pered as Damascus steel. Gentle as a women in
voice and manner, he is thoroughly independent
and bold' in the expression of any views he
wishes to advance. His every quality of being
and life is admirable and united form a person-
ality of singular beauty and power.

Mr. Eliot has done very much in every pos-
sible way in the cause of education, and has
been especially interested in the common school
work, both officially and personally, and his ser-
vice in that regard has won him the unquali-
fied admiration of the people of his State. Never
proclaiming himself, yet his works always pro-
claim him as amoncr the most influential and

beneficent personalities that our State has ever
contained, and one who has done as much as
most and mnch more than many to make the
history of his State illustrious.

Bishop B. Weston Morris. — As a constructive
social power, Protestant Episcopalianisin has
always exerted a dominating influence in
metropolitan life. Not specially suited to
frontier life, as a country grows into age it be-
gins to find its theater of work, and to assert
itself with a positive energy that largely affects
society.

Not until 1851, seventeen years after mis-
sionary work was begun in Oregon by the
Methodist Episcopal Church, was there any
attempt to introduce the forms and ministry of

Epis(!opalianisin into the Territory. Trinity
parish, the first of that church on the c<)a8t,
was then organized in I'ortland. Its work was
superintended, first by Bishop T. K.Scott, and
afterward, from 1869 to the present time, by
Bishop B. Weston Morris.

On coming to the coast, on his selection as
bishop over all the country now included in
Oregon and Wasliington, Bishop Morris at
once took rank officially and personally, and
was among the most able ministers and zealous
Christian workers of the Northwest. His tire-
lessness of purpose, combined with the wisdom
of his administration, marked him as no ordi-
nary man, and gave him great influence in every
part of the State. Though the highest ecclesi-
astic of his church in the country, he found his
way, like a true pioneer, into the remotest set-
tlements, rivaling the typical itinerant in Jiis
zeal and self-denial in the fulfillment of his
mission. Under his efficient and statesmanlike
administration his church grew into strength,
the cause of education was greatly fostered, and
the intellectual and moral interests of the peo-
ple greatly conserved.

Bishop Morris is also a publicist of no mean
ability, his views on various social and economic
problems often appearing in the public prints,
where they always command the respect of the
most considerate and intelligent of our people.
So diversified- are his acquirements, and so widr
has been the theater of his work, and, withal,
so long has he borne the chief burden of ad-
ministering the aff'airs of this important de-
nomination in Oregon, that he is rightfully
ranked not only among the leading ministers,
but as one of the representative men of the
State.

Archbishop Blanchit. — The history of Ore-
gon cannot be written without many allusions
to the presence and operations of the lioman
Catholic Church since 1838, when the gentle-
man whose name is at the head of this article
entered the country as the founder of the work
of that church, until the present time. From
that time nntil the day of his deat' he stood
forth in public esteem as the man v lo best and
most embodied in himself the purposes and
work of Roman Catholicism in Oregon. Our
purpose here is in no sense to discuss Catholi-
cism, but, recognizing its prominent and influen-
tial place in the social and ecclesiastical world,
identify its most representative man in found-
ing its work and disseminating its principles

iHi

niSTOUY OF OKEGON.

tliroiiglioiit tlie country. Without doubt that
man wiis Archbitihop I'lanchit.

Tliure lias never been a more zealous and
active ecclesiastic in Oregon than this gentle-
man, lie came to the country under the
auspices of the JJudson's J]ay Company, and
spent some years in Indian mission work and
in relif^ious work connected with the lludscni's
l!ay posts. At the time of the organization of
the i'rovisionnl jjovernment he was the leader
of tlie opposition to it among the French Ca-
nadian citizens, who were almost entirely retired
servants of the Hudson's Hay Company. As
the population of tiie country increased and the
work of his church became more important, he
was nitide first bishop, and then archbishop by
the I'ope of Koine, and for many years e.\er-
cised tlie highest ecclesiastical functions of his
church on the northwest coast.

Mr. Hhinchit was a Frenclinian and in his
relations to the American population of Oregon
labored under the disadvantage of never be-
coming able to speak the English language with
much fluency, although his education wasof •■'le
h.ighest order. lie was a small man, very quiet
and undemonstrative in manner, and low and
gentle in speech, but a man of far reaching sa-
gacity in the administration of the affairs of his
Ijroad and important see. Very few men ever
Jived who were more indifferent to personal
discomforts and perils when the , work of his
church or the sense of duty within him called
him to exposure and toil. Loyola himself could
not have been more resolute and unyielding
than was this small, gentle man when a pur-
pose called him. It was these elements that
signalized his leadership of his church, and won
to him the attention of the public, in spite of
the discounts of his nativity, of which we have-
spoken, and made liim for so many years the one
leading figure of his church in Oregon.

The wisdom of his administration of the
trusts committed to him is seen in the many
and prosperous educational institutions of
Catholicism in Oregon, antl in her hospitals that
open their well-endowed gates to the sick and
unfortunate among us.

Mr. I.lanchit, besides being the ecclesiastical
confidant and adviser of Dr. McLoughlin, was
his special persotial friend and companion. The
writer has often seen, in early years, the giant
form of the Doctor and the almost lilliputian
frame of the Archbishop walking side by side
upon the streets of Oregon City, where they

both resided, and where they sleep in death,
side by side.

RKPUKSKNTATIVK LAWVKKS.

There are so many eminent men in the legal
fraternity in Oregon, and of such nearly equal
eminence, that it would be hard to designate
any one who should stand as the type and rep-
resentative of them all. They being also es-
sentially public men, some necessary notice of
many of them has been given in the course of
our history. We have thought therefore that a
grouping of the namesof some of these who have
done most most to render that most luniorable
profession illustrious in Oregon, would l)etter fit
historic justice, than to confine our remarks to
any single name, however illustrious that name
might be.

It would hardly be expected that we should
claim any very exceptional brilliancy for the
Oregon bar, Ixjcause great ability is found in
that profession everywhere. But there have
been some men here who have won a fame that
is much wider than the limits of their State.
Probably the two men, who, in all the history of
the judiciary of Oregon, have done most to
render it illustrious are Hon. M. P. Deady and
Hon. George II. Williams. Perhaps the fame
of the first named is most exclusively founded
on his ability as a lawyer and his long service as
judge of the United States District Court for
the District of Oregon. Mr. Williams has been
more in political life, although his eminence in
the law won for him the liigli honor of a nom-
ination by President Grant as Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court of the United States. They
both entered Oregon when young men, Mr.
Deady the earlier, and have given long lives to
the service of the State. Men of great natural
power, thoroughly trained by culture, and dur-
ing all their lives entirely above the breath of
suspicion or reproach, no men would wish to
dispute with tnein the sole possession of the
eminence to which we have assigned them. As
their names both appear elsewhere, and sketches
of their lives are given, these general statements
are all that are needed here to fix their place
among their fellows. In the things that make
up the history of a State no names would ap-
pear more prominently in the history of Oregon
than of these two gentlemen, and the bar of the
State could not bnt feel honored in recognizing
them as the fittest representatives of their noble
profession.

ararojiY of onKnotr.

488

It is proper that we say of Mr. Deady since
lie is the only justice of tiio United States Dis-
trict Court ttiat Oregon has ever liad, tiiat, dur-
ing tlie period of thirty-fonr years in which he
has served in that elevated station, lie has won
a reputation second to no man in that great
tribunal. He has impressed Iiimself more
strongly on the jurisprudence of the State than
any other man, and his decisions are quoted as
widely and with as much respect as are those of
any other man.

A history of the judiciary of Oregon would
require a volume. We can, therefore, give such
a sketch as may serve to vindicate its character,
and show some of the personal forces that
molded into form the conditions of the now
prosperous State.

The judiciary of the Provisional Government
was limited, both as to ])ersonnel and service.
There was nothing in the new and distant West
to induce the emigration of gentleman learnoil
in the law into it, and so at the organization of
that Government, in 1843, a gentleman, Mr.
A. E. Wilson, who wr^ not a lawyer at all, was
chosen " Supreme Judge, with probate powers."
At the first election in 1844, Ira L. uabcock,
an intelligent physician, who had been connect-
ed with the Methodist mission, was elected Cir-
cuit Judge, and he was succeeded l)y J. W.
Nesmith in 1845. Though Mr. Nesmith after-
ward filled 80 large a part in Oregon political his-
tory, at this time he was probably only fitted
for judicial positions by a naturally strong intel-
lect, and a ready, even if caustic, wit. The
Pi'ovisional Legislature in 1845 elected Peter
H. Burnett, Supreme Jndge with appellate jnris-
diction only. Mr. Burnett was a lawyer, and
had practiced some years as such, in Missouri.
He was the ablest lawyer in Oregon at that
time. He administered the office of Supreme
Jndge to the satisfaction of the people, nnder
the Provisional Government, and was elected to
a corresponding position in 1848, nnder the
Territorial organization, but declined the posi-
tion, went to California, and was made Judge of
the Superior Tribunal there, and at the organ-
ization of that State was elected its first Gov-
ernor.

The first lawyers admitted to practice before
the Supreme Courts of Oregon were, W. G.
T. Vault, A. L. Lovejoy and Cyrus Olney,
names intimately connected with early Oregon
history.

With the organization of the Territorial Gov-

ernment in 1849, the functions of the former
courts ceased, and judges appointed by the Presi-
dent took their place. Some of tlle^^t^ were very
able men. They were mostly young, ambitious,
and several of them reached, 8ul)se(juently, iiigli
positions, and e-xerted a great intluonce on the
history of Oregon. This was especially true
of Juilge William Strong, who reached the
country in 1850, under the aiipointnieut of
President Taylor, and who was one of the most
im|)osing legal figures of the coast for more than
thirty years. It was at this period that the names
of M. P. Deady and George H. Williams
first appear as judges, under the commission of
President Pierce, and some practicing attorneys
of large ability were mingling in the forensic
fray. One name particularly, is entitled to
mention for the large place he filled for many
years in the legal and political history of the
State, that of David Logan.

He was the son of Judge Logan, of Spring-
field, Illinois, for years a legal partner with Mr.
Lincoln. As a jury lawyer Logan has prol)ably
never been equaled in tlie State. He held his
position as such until his death, and during all
the twenty years of his life in Oregon, he was
considered the ablest representative of the bar
of Oregon. Amory Holbrook was also a sig-
nal figure at the bar, as well as in political life,
but he died too early to enable him to make the
impression on the State that he otherwise might
have made.

In 1848 lieuben P. Boise was appointed As-
sociate Justice of the Supreme Court of Oregon,
and on the admission of Oregon as a State in
1859, he, with M. P. Deady, R. E. Stratton and
A. E. Wait, were elected Judges of the Supreme
Court. Deady in the meantime having been
appointed United States District Judge, did not
qualify, and P. P. Prim was selected in his
place.

Mr. Wait was a New England man, who had
come to Oregon at an early day. He had great
suavity of manner, was quiet and unpretentious,
but proved an able jurist, and reached a posi-
tion of great influence in the State. His term
of service on the bench does not entitle him to
the place of a representative jurist, but for his
general character and his service to the State in
many particulars, Mr. Wait is justly entitled to
the distinction of being called a representative
man. R. E. Stratton was a young man of fine
character and brilliant talents. His personal
appearance was most engaging and he was

■1S4

HISTORY OF OHKnON.

rapidly rising into a controlling place in public
rcganl, l)Ut tlied licfore the years had ripened
him to liiB fullest powers.

Keuhen 1'. I'oise, next to Judge Deady,
nerved lon<^est on tlie bench of any Oregon
juribt, and perlia])8 next to hiin wielded the
widest inHneiiee as such. lie also was a New
Hnglaud man, a thoroughly trained lawyer,
witii a calm and clear judicial mind, and wore
the ermine of the bench as thonrrh he was born
to tliat estate. After a length and brilliance of
ser\ ice that evidenced his rare qualiticutions for
the place he held, he retired from it in 1892,
ludding the confidence, almost the veneration,
of the ]ieo]>ie of Oregon.

Among the typical jurists who have held a
place on the bt-nch of the Supreme Court of
Oregon, the name of E. D. Shattuck stands
prominent. Like i[r. IJoiso he is a New En-
glauder, and came to Oregon in 1851, engaging
lor a time in teaching. He afterward formed a
partnership with J)avid J^ogan in the practice
of law, to which he had been educated, where
he won a sery high reputation for his solid
judgment and judicial discrimination. His
way to the bench was natural and easy, and so
satisl'act(jry have been his services there that
often the political party opposed to him decline
to enter a can<liilate against him. lie still, in
1893. occuj)ies his distinguished place upon the
bench, and receives the unbounded confidence
of the people.

Besides these men there has been a long list
of names connected with the judiciary of the
State: but few, if any others, served long
enough in that position to secure to themselves
great reputations of as jurists. Many of them
were quite ^'.blc men, but not distinguished
above the general average of the bar over which
they presided. As it would be impossible for
us to name all, we think it best only to name
those most clearly representative in eminence
and length of service.

As Oregon grew in population and wealth, it
naturally advanced in the learning and ability
of its bar, but the list of those who distinguished
themselves in law or politics would extend into
the hundreds, and though a full history of the
bench and bar of Oregon would require its in-
sertion, our purpose does not, and the names of
a few, representatives of their class, must
ButSce.

Among the men who have grown up in
Oregon and secured eminent positions at the

bar, may be instanced; C. H. Hettinger, Raleigh
Stott, C. li. Watson, J. O. Moreland, G. If.
Durkham, AI. C (Jeorge, W. I.,air Hill, Richard
Williams and >) . I'. Waldo, who fairly represent
a very large class of able and acc(jmpli8hed
gentlemen, whose character antl life are an
honor to the State.

In closing our sketch of representative law-
yers, we ought to say that for a high average of
moral character, the bar of the State has nlways
been remarkable. Among the leading attorneys
are many who are among the most active sup-
porters of all the benevolences of the (by, and
occupy leading places in work of the various
churches, and very few indeed, from (he first,
have brought dishonor upon themselvef, or dis-
credit upon their profession by auy moral
failures.

F. KXOX, a hardware merchant of Cot-
tage (irove, was born in Schuyler county,
* Missouri, in 1845. His parents, Samuel
B. and Cynthia (Stockton) Knox, wore natives
of Ivcntucky aiul Tennessee, respectively. Emi-
grating to Missouri in 1843, Mr. Knox followed
farming until 1853, when with his wife and ten
children he started for Oregon. His outfit con-
sisted of four wagons, sixteen yoke of o.xeii,
100 head of loose cattle and several fine mares.
The trij) was sticceasfully accomplished, losing
very few cattle, and landing in the AVillamette
valley, by the Barlow route, in September.
Spending the first winter at Lebanon, in the
spring of 1854 he came to Lane county and
bought a claim of 160 acres, two miles east of
Cottage Grove, to which he afterward added
more than a thousand acres. He engaged in
the live-stock trade, and made a specialty of
raising fine horses. In 1876 Mrs. Knox died
and he divided his property among his children,
with whom he is passing the closing years of
his life. O. F. Knox was educated in the com-
mon schools, at Willamette University and at
Monmouth College, Polk county, where he
graduated in 1871. He lived with his parents
until 1873, when he was married in Polk
county to Miss Sarah L. Churchill, who was
also a graduate of Monmouth College and a
daughter of William Churchill, pioneer of 1851.
After marriage Mr. Knox settled upon his farm
of 370 acres, one mile east of Cottage Grove.

UI8T0UY OV OHBUON.

48B

and oiif^aged in fanning and the raisiiij? of live-
stock, kt'e|iiny Cotswold aheop, f<;raded lIolKtein
cuttle and a tine breed of lioi'seH. (Jf ids farm
twelve (lercH are in hops, 100 acres in grain and
the liaianco is in pasture land. In 1881 lie
rented liis farm and embarked in the butcherinfj;
business at (Jottage (Jrove, winch he t'ollov^-a
lor five years. lie then retired until 1890,
wiien he formed a co-partnership with I. M.
White and opened a store for the sale of stoves,
tin and hardware, which he still conducts.

VLy. and Mrs. Knox are the parents of six
children: Mamie, J.ottie, Koy, Duke, Lizzie and
Frank. Mr. Knox is a member of the Knights
of I'j'thias, is the present Mayor of (Jottage
(irove and is a representative citizen of the
commonwealth.

— ^^€(PI"!^

•^

iSCAli 1'. ADAMS, a well-known resident
of (Jottairo Grove, was born in Tioga
county, i'ennsylvania, in 1828, a son of
Isaac and Sophronia (Lydda) Adams, natives of
New York and Vermont respectively. His
parents removed to Pennsylvania about 1826
and rennnned there until 1834, when they wont
to Tecuniseh, Michigan. There were thirteen
children in the family, Oscar P. being the eld-
est. He attended the district school during the
winter and in the summer he assisted his father
on the farm. In 185-1 he left his homo and
friends and started across the plains to Oregon,
l)aying 850 to John II. Stevens to be taken, and
doing service in addition. They went via the
IJarlow route and arrived at Foster's September
12. Air. Adams then went to southern Oregon
in the fall of 1854. In the spring of 1855 he
was engaged by the United States Government
as head packer during the Indian war, as he
had no gun. He carried Hour from Bear creek
mills to the quartermaster wherever located.
He first commenced mining in the fall of 1854
at Althouse, and mined there until the Indian
war broke out in 1855. After the Indian war
was closed he came back to Althouse in 1856
and mined thereuntil 1858. He then returned
to the Willamette valley, and in partnership
with A. II. Spare he purchased 640 acres, a
portion of which became the town site of Cot-
tage Grove.

Mr. Adams was married in 1861, to Miss
Mary Elizabeth Saylor, daughter of Sydney

Saylor, a pioneer of 1863. Settling upon a
ranch, his chief iuterests have been in agri-
culture. He has made frequent tri])s to the
mountains to pass a summer in prospecting,
never having lost his old love for mining. In
1876 he discovered the (Jinmibar mines in the
Calipoosa inoiintains, and in 1890 he located
the (Jphir and Summit gold quart/ claims in
the Bohemia mining district, which show rich
prospet^ts and which are now being developed.
The partnership with Mr. Spare was dissolved
in 1864 and the land divided, Mr. Adams re-
taining 120 acres. The death of Mrs. Adams
occurred June 30, 1870. She left a family of
six children: Levica II., wifeof (3harles Viles;
Mary A., wife of George Ilollay; Lucy M.;
Lydia S., wife of (^harles Van Bureii; Theo-
docia, wife of Frank Cathcart; Hattie, wife of
Wilbur McFarland. Mr. Adams was married
again November 23, 1873, to Miss Minerva
Cromwell.

He is a member of Cottage Grove Lodge,
IMo. 51, A. F. i& A. M. He has been actively
interested in Republican politics, but has
avoided all connection with public office, pre-
ferring the duties of his farm and other private
enterprises.

fj. N EUBURG, of Portland, Oregon, is one
of the many respectable, industrious and
<* successful citizens Germany has furtiished
the United States to embark successfully in all
the professions and enterprises of the country
and who have, everywhere, distinguished them-
selves as gf I citizens. Peter Joseph Neuburg
was born " L ussia, Germany, June 20, 1842,
of German parents. They were artisans in
Germany. lie came to the United States in
1855, then in his thirteenth year and proceeded
to Wisconsin and there resided until the break-
ing out of the civil war. After the war had
progressed for some time and the ranks had
been broken by losses in battle, the demand for
men to replenish the veteran regiments became
so great that he enlisted in the Third Volunteer
Minnesota Regiment, Company E. He was at
the battle of Pine Bluff and at Duval's Bluff
and did considerable scouting after the bush-
whackers and would hr.ve done more fighting
if it had been in his department. He performed
every duty faithfully. He was honorably dis-
charged July 28, 1865, and returned to Wis-

4S(J

nrsTonr of ohkoos.

cousin anil nngii^ed in l'inii)uring at (3liippewa
Falls, WiscDnsin htk! in 1875 ho heeaino enj^aged
in jobbing and thu ne.\t}'oar went to (,'alifornia
anil engaged in a HaHJ. and door inannfactory at
Oliicago. In 1S77 lie came to I'ortlaiid and
from there to Sa'-jin and was engaged in a Haw-
mill for three vears. He ten returned to I'ortlanil
and o|)ened 'lis present inorohandise ImsineHs in
which, by close attention to business, he has mot
with deserved succeBS. His business is located
at No. 305 Sixteenth street, where he enjoys a
nice retail tiide.

Mr. Neubirg was married in 18tt7, to Miss
Frances M. Ilavland of Pennsylvania and the
daughter of Unjhard Ilavland. They have had.
six children, three of whom are living: Annie,
wife of Charles Conroy; (Jelia married Henry
I'arrott of East Portland and Minnie is attend-
ing school. Mr. Neuburg joined the G. A. li.
in 1883, Governor Wright Post, and has held the
office of Surgeon in same. He is a member of
A. (). U. W., and has been Financier of the
lodge for two years. He is a Republican in
politics. Having invested in Portland city
property he has made money in that direction
and he is interested in all the otficos of the
coinity, is a self-made man and is deserving
citizen of Portland.

[IIEODOIIEC. THORP.— Our subject, a
pioneer of 1844 and a prominent citizen
of Independence, Oregon, was born in
Clay county, Missouri, March 9, 1829. His
father, John Thorp, was born in Kentucky,, in
1797, and the father of the latter was an Eng-
lisiiman, whose Christiiin name was William.
John was a soldier in the w,.i>' of 1812, having
enlisted when but sixteen years old, and serving
until the close. His wife, Lucy Embree, was
the mother of seven children and died in 1832.
Her liusband did not marry again. The
latter, in 1844, joined an overland party for
Oregon, taking with him four sons the wife
of one of the sons; a daughter with her
husband and a single daughter. The train,
consisting of thirty wagons, filled with friends
and neighbors, with their eifects, left Council
Bluffs in May, being the first wagon train to
cross North of the Platte river. The journey
proved a sate and even an enjoyable one, ending
in April, 1845, when John and his family

readied I'olk county; although toward the end,
j)ri)vi8ions became somewhat scarce. After
arriving at the Dalles the way was easy, the
effects being placed upon rafts ami floated down
the river as far as the Cascades, around which
the goods were hauled and then reconveyed to
the rafts, when the cattle were driven down the
mountains along the trail, some of the [)arty
coming down in a boat.

The i>arty reached Linton in October and
from thence proceeded in their wagons to the
Tualatin, where Jo Meek was located, about
twelve miles south of the present site of the city
of Portland. When they reached Polk county,
in April, 1845, the father of our subject took a
claim five miles south of Lidopendeiice, while
the eldest son, E. A., located a claim upon
which North Independence has since been
built. The four yoke of oxen and four cows
with whicli they started had been brought
through in safety, and with these and a few
Cayuse horses, they were prepared for farming.
The father first built a little log house, whicli
was displaced in the following year by a more
pretentious one of hewn logs. Upon the dis-
covery of gold in California the father, and his
sons E. A., and T. C, our subject, went there,
mining tirst at Hangtown and with their knives
alone took out $12 a day each. Moving thonco
to the American river, they prospected a great
deal an<l mined a little, taking out about %)50 a
day. Starting a claim at Mormon liar, they
drew ont from $100 to $300 a day each. They
wintered at Sutter's fort and in the spring went
up the Sacramento river to Shasta and mined
in gulches, getting about $100 a day each, on an
average, when the father was taken sick. They
now had about ^10,000, and u|)on the father's
advice all returned to Oregon. As an evidence
of the honesty of the miners it may be stated
that the gold of our subject, his father's and
brother's, while they were mining, stood in a glass
jar upon a shelf in the tent, in plain sight; and
upon their homeward journey from the mines
they carried it in leather bags and made no
attempt to conceal it.

Upon his return from California, our subject
bought 320 acres of land upon what is now Fall
City, where with his father, in 1850, he erected
a sawmill, in 1854, a flour mill, with two runs
of buhr stones, at a cost of $16,000, being the
best in that country. They conducted it therd
as long as it would pay and when it failed to do
so, removed it to Dixie, at which place they

nisroUY OF OHKIION.

4»7

rnn it a few yoaro. It now forms part of tlm
mill at that pliice. I>iiriiif^ tiio iiiiniiifr uxcitc-
mcnt ii) Uritinii (Joliimitia, our siiiijeet and IiIh
fatiinr t'Mjjaj^ed in driving ntuck to the mines
Hiiil in ttio hard winter, 1H(52, they had 200
head; yet tiit^y lost l)iit one, ti>e animalH feeiiing
u|)()M the wiiite niiije, whicli flliowed ul)ove tiie
unow. Tliey also did a butcher business at Van
Winkle, near the CHriiH)U mines, following
niininj;, at the same time. For a short time
they mined at tiie Hlackfoot Mines and tlien
returned to Orejfon, mftkini;f their home at
liidei)underice. The father took a very prom-
inent part in the opening of the Territory,
serviug twice as n member of the Territorial
Lenislature. John Thorp was a man of ui eh
luitural strenj^lh of mind, was publiospiiited
and progressive. lie liad hosts ot' warm friends
anil some enemies, this bein^ inseparable from
a position in which one must take the place of
leader, as he had to do upon so many occasions.
Hut he was a man of honor and integrity, true
to his word and a good and stanch frieiul. lie
died at Independence, in 1882, being eighty-
livo years of ago.

Theodore C. Thorp, our subject, was married
in 1857, to Miss Sarah C, daughter of Israel
Iloldgos, a pioneer of Oregon, coining in 1851,
, she being a native of Ohio, after which he lived
at Fall City fourteen years, then sold out and
moved to Dixie with the mill; remaining there
four years he went to Washington, then a
Territory, and stayed two years, engaged in the
stock business, as well as doing some millwright
work, in which be is an expert. lie then, in
1876, came to Independence and built a resi-
dence in North Independence, where be had
owned a block since 1858, and has resided here
evei- since. His time since has been employed
in building warehouses, doing some millwright
work and in lending some money, living in an
unostentatious way with his wife and only
child, Lilian Oj)al, the wife of Ralph Cothrell.

Mr. Thorp is an earnest friend of education;
has served two years as director and two years
as clerk; and he advocated as well as aided in
the building tf the Independence school, which
is one of the finest in Oregon, outside of Port
land. Until of late he was a Democrat, but now
is a member of the People's party. Mr. Thorp
has not taken a prominent part in politics, but
has moved along in a quiet way, attending to
his own affairs. He is a very prominent member
of the Odd Fellows, being a charter member of

the lodge at Dalles and at Independ(»nce and has
been twice a representative to the granil lodge.
Mr. Thorp is a worthy and much esteemed
gentleman and a representative [)ioneer of the
days of 1844.

fROF. THOMAS VAN SCOY, Dean of
the College of Liberal Arts, of Portland
University, and Professor of Ancient
Languages, Portland, Oregon, was born in
White county, Indiana, February 13, 1848.

His parents, William ami Mary (Channel)
Van Scoy, were natives of West Virginia and
Zanesville, Ohio, respectively; the former born
in 1803. the latter in 1808. They were mar-
ried in Virginia and continued to reside in Ran-
dolph county until 1847. That year they re-
moved to White county, Indiana, and there Mr.
Van Scoy passed the rest of bis life engaged in
agricultural jiursuits. While in Virginia he
was also largely interested in raising stock, and
often drove stock to market over the I'lue
Ridge mountains to Richmond. On these tri|)s
ho was accustomed to stop over night with
Thomas Jefferson, who then lived in atine resi-
dence on the summit of the mountain and
opened his house for the hospitality of strangers.
In later years, when Jefferson was regarded as
a great man and his was a household name, Mr.
Van Scoy would relate many stories to his family
around the fire on winter evenings about the
kindness and peculiarities of Jefferson. Of the
fourteen children comprising the family of Mr.
and Mrs. Van Scoy, all lived to maturity except
one. Thomas is the youngest of this large
family. Uewas seven years old when his father
entered land for the boys in Iowa, to which
place the family removed in 1835. Being dis-
satisfied with life on the frontier, the parents,
after five years' residence in Iowa, returned to
Indiana, taking with them the three younger
children.

On a farm in Indiana the subject of our
sketch was reared, attending the district schools
in winter and the rest of the year working hard
in helping bis father improve the farm. Thus
was his time spent until he was eighteen. In
March, 1865, he enlisted as a private in Com-
pany I, One Ilnndreth and Fiftv-fourtb Regi-
ment of Indiana Volunteers, an({ the following
year spent in guard duty in the Shenandoah
valley. Three of his older brothers, Aaron,

488

HISTORY OF OKKGON.

Jacol) and .lames, had enlisted at the beginning
of the war, and two of thuin remained to be
mustered out at its close. Jacob fell with a
mortal wound in the battle of Mission liidtre
while charging the enem}- on a double-quick
march up the mountain. At the close of the
war Thomas entered a select school at Hrooks-
ton. White county, where he spent a few months,
and in the fall of 18(56 he became a student in
the liattle (jJround Collegiate Institute, located
where (ieneral Harrison fought the Indians in
1811. Here he spent t^-o years pursuing his
studies, and teaching in the winter months. He
then attended Brookston Academy one year, it
having just been erected. These three years of
study prepared him to enter the freshman class
at the Northwestern University at Evanston.
Illinois. At the end of his sophomore year,
although but twenty-three years of age, ho was
elected Principal ot Hrookston Academy. He
remained in ciiarge of this in.stitution for three
years, after which he resigned to continue his
studies in college. He graduated at the North-
western University in 1875, and immediately
thereafter entered the ministry of the Methodist
Episct)pal Church, receiving an appointment at
Rensselaer, Indiana, by the Northwest Indiana
Conference, At the end of three years of
faithful work, during which time over three
liundred were received into the church, he re-
turned to school to pursue a theological course
in the Garrett Biblical Institute at Evanston.
While attending this school he tilled the pulpit
of North Evanston church. At the close of iiis
course and after passing an e.xamination for
graduation in theology, a telegram came from
Salem, Oregon, announcing his election to the
chair of Greek in Willamette University.

While Mr. Van Scoy was in charge of the
ehnrcli at Rensselaer he was united in marriage
to iMiss Jennie Thomas. His wife was in de-
clining In^alth at th(* time this announcement of
his election reached him and, on heraccount, ho
decided to remove to Oregon. After teaching
the ancient languages here one year, he was
elected ])resident of the same institution, and
tilled that lionored position elevtm years. At
the close of his atlministration the school had
grown from 150 students to 495, and the tinan-
cial condition had been rendered about $100,-
000 better. In 1884, at the age of thirty-six
years, the university of the Pacific conferred
upon Prof. Van Scoy the degree of Doctor of
Divinity.

In Juno, 1891, President Van Scoy tendered
his resignation at Saleir, and was immediately
elected to his present position, the duties of
which he lias continued to perform. His pres-
ent tield has the promise of greater results than
any previous work of his life. Here in tha
heart of the great city, at the commencement
of a university, which has risen into prominence,
as if by magic, he has a field for his powers
never before presented. He has for ten years
served on the State Board of Examiners for
Oregon.

— '^^m^^^'^ — ■

P|ATHANIEL MARTIN, who is engaged
r/7 in agricultural pursuits at Royal, Lane
county, Oregon, was born in Martin
county. Indiana, May 2, 1828. His father,
.(esse Martin, a Virginian by birth, removed to
Indiana in his boyhood, and there grew to ma-
ture years. He married Mies (!atlierine Harris,
and they continued to reside there until 1832,
then moved to Illinois, during which time he
toUowed farming. In the year 1843 they
moved to Missouri, then a wi'd country, witli
few ettlers, but many Indians. Nathaniel
Martin remained with his parents until 1847,
when he was united in marriage with Miss
Nellie Allen. After this event he settled on a
farm of 1(50 acres in Crentry county, Missouri.
In 1857. with his wife and four chiMron, he
crossed the plains to California; they experi-
enced many ditKculties on the way, and much
sickness prevailed among the company. It was,
however, their good fortune to be just ahead of
tlje terrible Mountain Meadow massacre. They
landed in Red Bluff, Tehama county, on the
15rh day of November; in the fall of 1857 they
pushed on to the Rogue river valley, where Mr.
Martin resumed work at his old trade of black-
smithing. In 18(50 he wont to Eug»"ie, which
was then a small village, Hi\d followed his trade
there for four years; at the end of this period
he moved to his hotiiestead north of Cottage
Grove; in the spring of the following year, ho
abandoned this claim and wont to Cottage
(rrove. where he went to work ut his trade.

The name Cottage Grove originated with the
post otHce first established at Fern Ridge,
twelve miles distant; as it was moved from one
ranch to another, the name alwayo went with it.
Mr. Martin became Postmaster upon his home-
stead; in the spring of 1865, with his private

NS --

HISTORY OF OltEOON.

489

eft'ects, he moved the office to the pre8ent site
of Cottage (ii.ive, where he kept the office in
his hl..ck8iiiitli shop. He built tlie first hmu-
iiess house in the place, and was the first Jus-
tice of the Peace, retaining; the office ten years.
Ill 18G8 he bought 160 acres of land, five miles
west of Cottage Grove, and divided his time
between his raticli and shop. In 1874 lie lo-
cated permanently upon the ranch, which he has
since increased to 215 acres.

M Martin was elected to the State Legisla-
ture by the Ilepublican party in 1872, and
served one term, dischariring his duties with
marked iibility. The summer of 1873 was spent
on a (TGveriiinent Siirvey in Lake county. In
1884 he was iiustrumental in liavinff a post
office liicated at his ranch, called Royal, and he
has continued in charge as postmaster.

Mr. and Mrs. Martin are the parents of seven
children: Willard II., Jetse. Eleanor C, wife
of A, J. Barlow; John S., Joel K., Ulysses S.,
Nathaniel II., all of whom are married and set-
tled III life. These worthy parents were born
the same year, in the same county, cared for by
the ^aine nurse, and lived in the same commn-
n'ty to the date of their marriage. They are
stiil in the enjoyment of e.xcellent health, and
are surrounded i)y all the comforts of the Nine-
teenth century civilization.

U)WIN li. IIAWES, dealers in stoves, tin,
copper, and glassware, at Astoria, was
born in Union, Knox county, Maine, F '
niary 10, 1843. Our subject's father was bcm
and died on the same farm that was sett! 1 by
his father, at an early date. The mother jf our
subject, Ro.xana (Uobbins) Ilawes, was a native
of the same town and i.s still living, at the ad-
vanced ago of eighty-one years.

- subject lived with his parents until
1803, when he enlisted in Company R. of the
Maine Coast Guarvls. was stationed at Fort Mc-
Cleary, and there remained until the close of
the war. After liis discharge he went to Port-
land, Maine, and was employed for a few years
in a wholesale drug store.

In 18(59 he started westward and located at
Mimieapoiis and taught school one season in
Corcoran, Minnesota. The country was wild
and but sparsely settled, so he boarded aronnd
with the farmers, who occupied log cabins, and

during his unoccupied moments he assisted the
farmers with their books. In 1870 Mr. Ilawes
came to Roriland, Oregon, and his first em-
ployment was soliciting subscriptions and ad-
vertisements for the Oregon Bulletin, published
by Ben Ilolladay. In the fall of that year he
went to Walla Walla, Washington Territory,
and taught school for the winter. Returning
to Portland, in 1871 he engaged in the hand-
ling of stoves I hardware, continuing in that
business until t\ d :.;'r;-:.it fire of 1873, when he
was burned out r.nci lost everything, but as he
had good credit he immodiatelv restocked and
continued until 1875, when he sold out and go-
ing to McMinnville purchased tlie stoves and
hardware of Jesse Brandt. In 187(5 he again
suffered by fire, and the undamagcii stock he
removed to Astoria and entered into partner-
ship with C E. Jackins, which firm was con-
tinued for three years, when he sold out. Jlr.
Ilawes then built his present spacious store,
50x95 feet, two stories high, corner of Second
and Genevieve street.*, and immediately occu-
pied the lower one-half, renting the other store.
With increasing business, more room was de-
sired and, in 1889 he fitted and stocked the
entire lower floor, with a general assortment of
stoves, crockery, and tinware, and he also car-
ries on plumbing and gasfittiiig, and all its
branches.

Mr. Ilawes was married in Astoria Novem-
ber 4, 1880, to Mrs. Annie E. (Taylor) Bear,
and they have had two children: Lloyd Ruth-
ven and Annie lone. Mr. Ilawes is a member
of the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery,
A. F. & A. M., and of Beaver Lodge, I. O. O.
F., and Farragnt Post, G. A. R. lie has other
property interests in Astoria, besides 480 acres
of timber land in Clatsoj) county. lie is a
man of honest integrity and his present success
is the outcome of years of energetic labor, faith-
fully performed.

SON. ALBERT ALONZO DURHAM, an
Oregon pioneer of 1847 and one of Wash-
ington county's most respected citizens,
was born in the State of New York, March 15,
1814. His ancestors came to New England
long previous to the Revolution and three of
the brotliers fought in the Continental army,
one of these being Grandfather Josiali Durham.

490

Hinronr of Oregon.

|i 4

1' N

Three otliers of the DiirliairiB remained loyal to
the King and fonght on the Kngiish eide, show-
iiifr that at least tliey had the courage to follow
their convictions of right.

The father of our subject, Silas Durham, was
born in 1792 in New York, and he married
Miss Laura Morse, a native of Massachusetts, a
lady but a few months younger than himself.
They were blessed with 8 family of live daugh-
ters and five sons, but three of the daughters
and one of the sons have died. In 1825 they
removed to the State of Ohio and seftled in
Ashtabula county, where our subject, who was
the second child, was reared to manhood. Mr.
J)iirhani was in Flat Hock, New York, when
the first canal boat came through with General
La Fayette on l)oa>'d, on her first trip, with other
prominent men, and Mr. Durham remembers
seeing the distinguished visitors.

Our subject was mjirricd November 0, 1836,
to Miss Marianda Almira White, who was born
in New Y'^ork, Deceml)er 6, 1814, and was a
daughter of John (i. White. After the marriage
our subject was engaged in the milling business,
both saw and flour milling, and also engageii in
farming. I'^ive children were born to Mr. and
Mrs. Durban), but two of them died. April
15, 1847, our subject decided to make the start
to Oregon, across the plains, with his wife and
one child. They continued with a company for
a time, but Mr. Durham became displeased
with the delays that were being made continu-
ally and at last he hitched up his own team,
climbeil into liis own wagon and said, "I
started for Oregon, and I am going;" and there
were several others who followed his example.
He had three yoke of oxen, a wagon, provisions
and a splendid gun, which he knew well how
to use.

Our subject was obliged to ford all of the
rivers but two, but came through safely, arriv-
ing October 1, and made his first location in
Clackamas county, just below Oregon City.
Here he worked at mill building and owned
one-fourth of it. In 1848 gold was discovered
in California and then excitement ran high and
naturally our subject felt the fever. Ho went
overland to California and dug for gold on all
of the forks of the American river, being very
successful, making an average of $300 for every
day he worked and on his best days he took out
$800. and took out $3,600 in twelve days. He
then returned home to tix up his biibiness, pur-
chased the whole of the mill and ran it from

March to September, when he sold it for $19,000.
Then he removed to Oswego and built another
mill and remained there from 1850 until 1863.
During this time he did a very large business
and was one of the leading and most enterpris-
ing men on the river, but through the loss of a
large steamboat which he had built and other
causes, he met with reverses and sold out and
came to his present locality.

At the present place Mr. Durham has 320
acres with a saw and ilour mill and since he has
been here he has rebuilt both of these and has
done a prosperous business. His son, George
II,, who crossed the plains with him and two
other sons born since reaching Oregon. I{. L.
and S. A., are living and are men of character.
Mrs. Durham is still spared to her husband ar'<^l
children, and both she and her husband have
been members of the Methodist (!hurch for
forty-two years. They are both in their .seventy-
eighth year and are among the most worthy and
most respected of the pioneers of 1847. Mr.
Durham has been a very active man in his life
and has jwssessed an invincible courage, which no
adversity could conquer, and notwithstanding
chat he has retired from active business, still he
is ever at work and would not be well or satif-
tied without something to do. He has a tine
co?)stitution and looks much younger than he is.
In politics he has always been a licpublican and
is thoroughly inforuied on all affairs of the
whole country, and in 1800 he was nominated
for Representative to the State Legislature. He
was elected by an overwhelming majority, run-
ning far ahead of liis ticket, and his services in
the Legislature were distinguished by manly
integrity, good judgment and common sense.

fON. SILAS A. DUIillAM, of Washing-
ton county, Oregon, is a native son of
Oregon, born at Oswego, October 30,
1854. lie is the son of Mr. Alonzo Durham,-
an honored Oregon pioneer of 1847. Our sub-
ject was the youngest of the family of five chil-
dren and was reared at Oswego until his ninth
year, and then moved with his father to his
present location, where he has since continually
resided. He received his education at the high
school in I'ortland and at the Pacific University
at Forest (irove. Since leaving his books he has
been engaged in the manufacture of Hour and

'I'll' '1 h

mSTOUT OF OHEOON.

401

iiitnher, owning both a flour and saw mill. He
owns 300 iicreii of land, eigiity of which is un-
der cultivaiion, on which lie raises grain and
hops.

Our subject was married December 25, 1877,
to Miss Ella C. Bryant, a native of Clackamas
county, born January 27, 1859, the daughter of
C. Av. Bryant, a pioneer of 1852. Mr. and
Mrs. Durham have two children, Walter A. and
Eiliel. Our subject has been an active Repub-
lican since he has been a voter, and in 1890 he
was nominated by his party for the State Legis-
lature, and in due time received an election.
During his first term he belonged to the Com-'
mittees on Corporations and Indian afi'airs, and
in 1892 he was again elected, showing that he
has served his constituents faithfully and re-
ceived their approval.

]\[r. Durham is an active member of the A.
(). U. W. and has filled the most of its offices;
is now I'ast Master and for seven years has been
a member of the Grand Lodge and is now
Financier of his subordinate lodge. Our sub-
ject and wife are lino representativ' leople
among the native Oreironians and
highly esteemed. He is a very intelliguL
capable business man, one wlio merits and re-
ceives the esteem of all.

fOSIIUA McDANIEL, an Oregon pioneer
of 1844, and one of the wealthiest farmers
in I'olk county, is a native of Cumberland
county, Kentucky, born February 2, 1826, his
Scotch ancestors emigrated to the Carolinasand
were early settlers there. Ilis father, Wra.
McDaniel, was born in one of the Carolinas,
September 6, 1785, and served his country as a
soldier in the war of 1812, under General Jack-
son. March 20, 1806, he married Miss Frances
Embree, a native of Kentucky. He liad been
formerly married and had four children, their
names being: Cynthia, Robert, Fanny and
Melvina; but losing their mother by death, lie
married T. • his second wife our subject's mother,
and by tins marriage had eight children.

In 1829 he moved to Illinois and settled at
Mount Sterling. He was a farmer by occupa-
tion and H believer in Christianity. About 1837
ho moved to Huchanan county, Missouri, where
he died September 28, 1838, his wife survived
him until August 1(5, 1873, when her death
occurred, at the home of her son Joshua, in Polk

county, Oregon. She was a faithful wife and
mother, and in religious faith a Methodist.
Two sons and a daughter now survive these
parents: The daughter is Mrs. Margaret How-
ell, and resides at Motimouth, Oregon; the son,
W. A. J. McDaniel, resides in Yakima valley,
Washington, and the other sou is the subject of
this sketch. In 1844 they crossed the plains.
General Cornelius Gilliam svas their captain.
The Hon. John Minto, Cyrus Nelson and Judge
Thomas Shaw were in the same company, all of
whom are now living. Some of the Indians of
the Iowa and Sac reservation followed the com-
pany west about twenty-five miles, then stam-
Eeded the cattle after night and butchered theni
efore they could be found by their owners. The
Indian agent replaced their work oxen, so that
they were able to continue their journey. At
Fort Laramie the Sioux Indians objected to them
passing through their country, and the company
gave them presents and they let them go
through. After arriving at the Dalles the cattle
were left tli'io for the winter and the people
came down the Columbia river in boats. They
lauded at Linton. Mr. M<'Danifl stopped in
Hie TuMJiitin plains for the ■■• . two tamilies
occiniicil (jiR. little cabin, H i g lying across the
cuK ., oil the ground i there lieing no floor) in-
dieatini.' the division His mother, two sisters,
four bri ihers and a b, ick girl that they brought
with them and himself, occupied one end of the
little cabin, and Mr. Packv id and family oc-
cupied the other Here tiicy spent their first
winter in Oreg' i; iiaviiig arrived about Decem-
ber 15. Hard cssed for enough to eat, they
lived principally ujion boiled wheat, parched
wheat and peas for i^otl'ee, their only meat con-
sisting of about ten pciifids of pork and oc-
casionally somi" wil.' j.,Hme secured from the
Indians.

Mr. McDaniel umk his claim in Polk county.
His brother went to Chehaleiii valley with Mr.
Nelson and took a claim in 1845. He stepiied
oflf 1,800 good long steps in each direction and
stuck stakes at the corners. When the Cayuse
war broke out, which was caused by the massa-
cre of Dr. Whitman and wife, and some of the
Sagers family, in 1847. He volunteered and
served under (General C. Gilliam and Captain
John Owens. The general rendezvous was at
Portland. Then the army went up the river in
boats and on horseback over mountain trail to
the Dalles. Mr. liJcDaniel carried the tirst ex-
press sent by the general from the Cascades to

4fl2

U I STORY OF OREGON.

iiJl

the Dalles in a canoe by night, a distance of
iift}' niiie.s, and was attended with niucli I'isk.

At the close of tiio war Mr. McUaiiiel re-
tired to the privacy of his home and sold his
claim to Samuel Hiirch for $B00 cash, S3()0,
balance in trade, and tiien bought u half section
of i;'8 niotlipr.

]\[r. McDaniel married Miss Virginia A.
Fulkerson, a native of Missouri, October 15,
1848. This lady was the daughter of Hon.
James M. Fulkerson, an honored Oregon pioneer
of 18-17. She came from an old Virginia family,
and her father wa,' born in 1803, and her motlier
in 1800. The mother died when they were
crossing the plains, ami ;he was l)uried at(Treen
river. Her father lived to be eighty-one years
of age. He had l)cen a ])romii!etit nnm in Mis-
souri, a member of the State Legislature, was a
judge in that State, and was twice elected to the
Oregon Legislature; had served as Commissary
ill the Indian war in Oregon; was also a Baptist
niinistei and a very devoted man.

Mr. McDaniel joined the Baptist Church in
Missouri when sixteen years old. His wife was
also member of same church, having joined in
Missouri when quite young. After coining to
Oregon Mr. McDaniel joined the Baptist
Church that Ciieral Gilham organized, and of
which he uas pastor. After his death Mr.
and Mrs. McDaniel joined the La Creole Bap-
tist (?liurcli and are still members of it.

In February, 1841). he went to the Calfornia
gold mines, and returned in the fall of the same
year, having had only moderate success. He
then liuiit a house on a claim he bad formerly
purchased of his mother. Their first child was
born here. He lived hereabout three years, and
one year raised wheat, which he sold for five
dollars ])er bushel. The donation land law
having passed about this time, he sold out to
Mr. Sweeney, as he could not get a section here.
Mr. McDaniel removed to Holmes Crap,
will re he took a <lonation claim of 040 acres, on
the prooerty he built 'and lived four years.
Then be sold to A. K. Post for §3,000, and
then purchased another place, moved upon it
and in 1859 he purchased 560 acres of Afr. H.
M. Waller. On this latter purchase he resided
for twenty-two years. Here he and his wife
prospered and here the family were jiriiicipally
reared. From time to time he kept adding to
his land, until he owned 1,8^)0 acres, all in one
body, 1.400 acres of this he has disjiosed of to
bis children and now resides upon his homo

place of 155 acres, with twenty acres in timber.
By his industry, economy and intelligent in-
vestments in land he has made his wealtii.
Many acres of this land was purchased at S7
per acre and brought him from $30 to
$50 jier acre. The returns from the rich
Oregon lands have also contributed to show
his success. He now has lands that have been
cropped for forty-eight years, which have never
been fertilized and are still bearing good crops
of grain. Mr. McDaniel has many relics of the
days now gone by, among which is a cradle
scythe, which he purchased in Oregon City,
in 1846. It was made in Englan<l, was a
good one and he has cut grain with it when he
and Senator Nesmitb worked side by side. He
also has in a goo<l state of preservation, one of
the first chairs, with rawhide bottom and it is etill
comfortable.

Twelve children have been born to Afr. and
Mrs. McDaniel, nine of whom were reared to
maturity, seven of whom are still living. In
addition to these children they have thirteen
grandchildren. The names of the children are:
t);-. W. .1. McDaniel, a physician of Portland;
A. J. is in the milling business in Portland;
Mrs. George Wilcox, resides in McMinnville;
Mrs. George White, resides at Rickreal; New-
ton is a merchant at Dallas; Lee Hill and Holt
are fanners near him, and John died in his
twentieth year: Mary Catharine, James and
Sarah Jane died in infancy; and Maggie died in
hi'i' twent\ -ixth year. She was an amiable
young lady, with great artistic talent and was
much beloved, ilr. and Mrs. McDaniel are
Ba|)tist8. They joined the First Baptist Church
in Polk county, which was organized by Gen--
eral Gilliam, and Mr. McDaniel believes him-
self to be the first Mason made in Polk county.
He and bis good wife have been married forty-
four years and she has been a most faithful
companion and helpmate to him in every sense
of the word.

Mr. McDaniel was one of the founders of the
First National Bank at IiMopendenco, and has
been a director and stockholder of it ever since
its organization. Notwifl. standing that he has
become one of the richest men in the country
ho still evinces the samr industry ami economy
that he did in the early days in Oregon.

-4»<

f! -H

DISTORT OF OHEOON.

493

tOBERT ALEXANDER FRAME, an en-
ergetic business man of Portland, Oregon,
is a native of Edgar count)', Illinois, born
May 15, 1840. His fatlier, John Frame, was a
native of Virginia, and a descendant of a fam-
ily who were early settlers of Virginia and
Kentucky, lie married Miss Margaret IJogs-
head, of Virginia. They had ten children, of
whom four are now living. Mr, Frame was
their youngest child, and was raised on a farm.
IIo studied law with Colonel Color, of Urbana,
Champaign county, Illinois. The civil war
broke out just as Mr. Frame reached maturity,
and he enlisted August 1, 1862, in ComJ)any
B, Seventy-sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry.
They went to Kankakee, and from there went
to Columbus, and were in the ^lissisBippi De-
partment in Tennessee and Mississippi, and
wore at the blittles of Vicksburg and Jackson,
and they went down the river and were stationed
.at Duval's Bluff, Arkansas. From there they
went to New Orleans, and then by way of Mo-
bile Bay to Spanish Fort. After the capture of
Mobile they went to Selma, Alabama, back to
Mobile, then on to Galveston, where they were
mustered out August 22, 1805. Mr. Frame
enlisted as a corporal, but when the company
.was organized ho was made third Sergeant, was
promoted to First Lieutenant, and lastly was
made Captain of his company. During his
term of service he received no injury, and was
in active service all the time. At Fort Blakely,
in leading a charge, he received a slight flesh
wound. The charge was made under most diffi-
cult circumstances, but they carried the fort.
After the war he attended the Union Law Col-
lego at Chicago, and graduated in 1806. He
K'acticed at Fairmount, Illinois, and also at
anville, Vermilion county, from there he re-
moved to Kansas City, and practiced there for
seven years, lie went from there to Virginia
City, Nevada, and engaged in mining enter-

{irises. He then spent a short time in Santa
iosa, California. After a year and a half's stay
there he went to Oakland, California, and was
engaged by II. H. Bancroft, collecting data for
his Pacific States history. In 1883 he went to
Portland, and has been engaged in real-estate
interests and brokerage.

In 1888 the Urm of Frame «fe Stowell was
organized, and they are now doing an extensive
brokerage business. Captain Frame has pur-
chased land on Portland Heights, and has built
a pleasant residence in a most delightful loca-

tion, having a beautiful view of the sublime
scenery of Oregon. Here he resides with his
family.

IIo was married in December, 1880, to Miss
Eliza S. Davis, a native of England. They have
one son, George Washington Edward. Captain
Frame is a member of tlie Methodist Church,
and is a member of the A. O. U. W. and G. A.
R. ; while at Santa Rosa, (California, was Com-
mander of Ellsworth Post. He is a Republi-
can in politics. He has made many friends
during his residence in Portland. .

S ' ^"i ' S

ILLIAM BALL GILBERT, one of the
talented representative members of the
bar in Oregon, is esteemed as the peer
of any in the legal profession, in all that goes
to make the good lawyer and the upright,
honorable gentleman. He had his birth in
Fairfax county, Virginia, July 4, 1847. His
father, John Gilbert, was a native of Now
York, and a descendant of Jacob Gilbert, an
Englishman who came to the colonies in their
early history, receiving a grant of land from
the king. Mr. tlohn Gilbert married Miss
Sarah C. Ball, also a native of Fairfax county,
Virginia, and a daughter of William Ball, a
direct descendant of Colonial William Ball, who
came to the colonies at or about the time that
Lord Fairfax did, and was engaged in survey-
ing Fairfax county for Lord Fairfax, he having
received a grant of the county of Fairfax for
his services. Her father was a soldier in the
war of 1812, and fought in the battle of Blad-
ensburg.

Mr. Gilbert, the second in a family of six,
was brought up in his native county until the
great civil war broke out, when his father,
being a Union man, removed to Ohio. There-
after the youth completed his education in
William's College, graduating in 1808. Then
he took a law course at the Michigan State
University, graduating therein in 1872; but in
the meantime he spent two years in the geo-
logical survey of Ohio.

In 1874 he camo to Portland and began his
law practice, which he has ever since continued,
with gratifying success. For the first two
years here he was in partnership with II. II.
Northup; from 1876 to 1879 he was in part-
nership with e,\ Governor Gibbs, and after this

404

n I STORY OF OREQON.

r'-d

he renewed liis partnership witli Mr. Northiip,
and tliis rehitioii lasteil until 1884, when lie
turnied a partiiershij) with John M. Gearin,
which continned till 1889. since which time he
has iiad for a partner Mr. Snow, — the Hrin
being C4ilbert & Snow.

In 1889 Mr. Gilbert was elected a member
of the State Legislature, on the Kepublican
ticket, to which party he has Iielonged ever
since he became a voter. His father and his
grandfather on his motlier's side were Whigs,
and voted against secession, which was trne of
a majority of the citizens of Fairfax county.
Mr. (iiibert liiis just received his commission as
United States Circuit .ludge. Mr. (rilbert was
married in 1873. to Miss Julia W. Jjndsley, a

native of Wisconsin, and they have live chil-
dren, all natives of Portland.

-^|H«f-|«--

jKS. NIRA C. B. KELLY, one of Ore-
(AVftK iron's UKist worthy pioneers, was born
••5^^^ in Athens county, Ohio, February 3,
1810. She came of English ancestry. Her
grandfather, Silas J>ingham, was a soldier in
tile lievolution. and her father, Silas, Jr., was
i)orn in Itutland, Vermont, April 11, 1792.
ller mother's name was Martha Cranston, a
native of Rhode Island. One l)ranch of the
Cranston family can trace back the line from
which descended the present royal family of
England. ^Irs. Kelly, however, takes no par-
ticular pride in that fact, nor need she, because
her own life as an Oregon pioneer has been as
heroic as has England's honored queen.

She was raised and educated in her native
town, and when nineteen years of age moved to
Kentucky, and there met the Kev. Albert Kel-
ly, then a talented young member of the Ken-
tucky Methodist Episcopal Conference. They
were married May 19, 1887. He was \m,v\\ Id
Pulaski county, Kentucky, of north of Ireland
ancestry, who were early settlers of Virginia.
They were a Methodist family, opposed to
slavery, and Mr. Kelly gave the first vote in
the Kentucky Conference against dividing the
Methodist Church on the slavery question (the
Kentucky Conference being the first conference
to vote on the subjects He thought that if the
church was divided, the next step wo'i'd be to
divide the nation. Although born and raised
in a slave State, and in a slave- holding com-

munity, Mr. Kelly's keen intelligence soon
taught him to realize and dread the hellish
poison with whicii the upas tree of slavery
blighted every person ".nd thing in any way
connected with it. He early resolved to take
his family and self as far away from this insti-
tution as Uncle Sam's domains would permit.
With this end in view he moved from Kentucky
to Missouri, with his wife and three small chil-
dren, in the fall of 1847, on his way to Oregon,
expecting to cross the plains tlie next season.

Accordingly they started for the land of their
dreams early in the following spring, but when
they reached the Missouri State line they were
overtaken by a furions storm, which stampeded
their cattle, and obliged them to remain in Mis-
souri another year. This was just after the
massacre of Dr. Whitman and others, and the
(-lovernment sent a regiment of mounted rifle-
men to Oregon, to keep the Indians in check.
It was Mr. Kelly's good fortune to cross the
jilains with this regiment as an escort. When
they arrived at tlie Dalles, Mr. Kelly went
across the Cascade mountains with the stock,
while Mrs. Kelly, lier four little children and
the baggage came on a schooner, and part of
the way in a boat rowed by Indians, and arrived
in tlie evening of October 8, 1849, in Portland.
At that time there were but a few cheap, one-
storied structures there. There was no wharf,
the boats being ])ulled to shore, while they
scrambled to the bank, holding to the bushes.
She was cold and weak, and sought for a house
in which to obtain shelter, but could find none
until Stephen CotHn, a noble-hearted pioneer,
invited them into his home until the men could
bnild the tires and set up the tents. The next
morning, learning that the Kev. Clinton Kelly,
her husband's brother, who had preceeded them
a year, was only about a mile distant, they
went by boat across the river to his place. Her
husband joined her in about two weeks, and
they lived in a little cal)in in the woods in East
I'ortland, while he prospected for (Tovernment
land.

He soon selected a section of land one milo
east of the Willamette river, opposite the nortli
end of the townsite of Portland. Here he
soon built a cabin, moved his family into it,
tMid proceeded to dig for water, but after reach-
ing a depth of 117 feet, and finding none, he
got discouraged and abandoned this claim as
worthless. This same land is now within the
limits of that portion of the city of Portland

m STORY OF OREGON.

495

known as Albina, and is worth millions of
dollars.

In 1830 they took np section 17. and here
they Imilt a small house, two miles southwest of
the center of the city of Portland. In this lit-
tle home the first relijfious meetings of that
section were held and here Mr. Kelly preached
to his !ieighborb, l)ut that was not the e.vtent of
Ilia labor.*, for the faithful minister traveled
many miles on foot, in those days, in the wilder-
ness, to hold meetings or give Christian eoni-
fort in times of sorrow. On one of these oc-
casions he was obliged to spend the night under
a tree, having lost his way, and in the morning
he found that he had been within one mile of
his home. Mr. Kelly cleared his farm, hewed
timber, sold it and obtained money to live on
while they were improving the farm. Here
they made their home most of the time until
the .spring of 1872, when Mr. Kelly moved with
bis wife and three youngest (ihildren to the
Yakima county in Washington Territory, and
again became a pioneer, against the earnest
protests of his friends and eldest children.
This proved a bad move for the Kelly family,
as their friends had warned them.

The deadly climate of Yakima, with its
drouths and blizzards and flood, and torrid sum-
mers, and frigid winters made sad havoc with
these good people, who^e constitution had long
been inured to the soft balmy breezes and
salubrious atmosphere of the Willamette. On
December 4, 1873, Mr. Kelly fell a victim to
pneumonia. The youngest son, Lee Whitman,
was drowned while crossing a small tributary of
the Yakima river, March 22, 1878, being then
in his twenty-third year. I'hilander Bascom, the
next yonngest son, perished in a snow-storm
about January 24, 1881, in his twenty-eighth
year. The youngest child, Marietta G. Thiesen,
died at her brother's near Portland, October 6,
1884. from ailments indirectly resulting from
exposure and privations while at Yakima, in her
twenty-seventh year. Resides the three children
mentioned above, who were all born on the old
place near Portland, Mr. Kelly and wife were
the parents of six others, viz.: Samuel Bing-
ham born in Pulaski county, Kentucky, May
14, 1838, and died on his father's farm near
Portland, March 26, 1858. At the time of his
death he was the best scholar Oregon had ever
produced; Melvina I), was born in Scottsville,
Allen county, Kentucky, June 8, 1842, and died
in ha Rue county, Kentucky, August 1, 1845;

Saniantha (\ was born in Green county. Ken-
tucky, February 1, 1844. married James Skin,
October 1(5, l-8t)5. and ilicd near Portland Sep-
tember 3. 1872; Maria 0. was born in ].i Uuc
county, Kentucky, .Fuly 2, 1846, and was mar-
ried February 14, 1808, to Von P.. De Lash-
mutte, one of Portland's ex-mayor's, and most
successful business men; Silas G. was born in
Jackson county, Missouri, May 29, 1848, and
is now engaged in farming near Portland on a
part of the old Kelly donation land claim;
Martha E. was born on the old farm near Port-
land, November 23, 1850. and was married July
4, 1874, to (). P. S. Plummer,oneof P-.tiand's
leading physicians and druggists.

After coming to Oregon, Mr. Kelly spent a
number of years as an itinerant preacher, hav-
ing joined the Methodist Ejjiscopal Conference.
While he was not a very successful business
man, and did not leave his chihlren a large
amount of material wealth, he did what was
better; he gave then\ the best educational ad-
vantages to be had in the country, and left them
an inlioritance of an unsullied name.

Mrs. Kelly enjoys living on the old farm with
her son. but frequently spends some time witli
her daughters in the city. She is very bright
anil intelligent and continues her connection
with the church of her youth. She has a wide
circle of acquaintances, and by her kind acts,
loving heart and most pleasing manners has
endeared herself to all whose privilege it is to
know her.

~ S ' l i' t ' S ' " "

^ON. S. D. GIBSON.— Just west of the
fM) '^''^y "* Salem and west of the Willamette
*^y| river is a beautiful tract of land known as
Fair Oaks, and the owner of the place is lion.
S. B. Gibson and upon it he resides. He came
to this State in 1852, and is one of the most
respected of the pioneers of Oregon. He was
born in Illinois, November 11, 1836, and is of
Scotch- Irish ancestry, who emigrated from
their own country to the southern part of the
ITnited States in the early history of the colon-
ies. Grandfather Samuel Gibson was born in
North Carolina in 1782, and was one of the sol-
diers in the Black Hawk war. His son, George
Gibson, born in Tennessee, in 1806, was reared
to manhood in Missouri, and there married
Miss Mary B. Porter, a native of Tennessee,

J no

lIlSTOIir OF OliEOON.

and tliey leared a family of tivo cliildreii.
Witli tlii'Se and liis wife our snbject utarted
across the plains to Oregon.

In 1S52 a lar^e niiniber of tiie relatives of
the (iil)son family started on a long jonrney.
This was till! year of the cholera visitation in
wliieh so many of the emigrants died and were
linried on the plains. The |iarty snfi'ered mnch
from the disease and several of them died,
amonj,' them the old grandfather, while his son
who had been very ill also, recovered. Six
wciiry months were consumed on the trip, and
it was iiiadf doubly and trebly sad on account
of having to part from dear friends and having
to If.ive their remains in the wilderness.

After the arrival in Oregoti, the father lo-
cated on land two and one-half miles west of
Salem, took a donation claim and began pioneer
life in Oregon, in a little shanty. After resid-
ing on this property fifteen years he sold it and
|iiirchased the lands on the west side of the
Willamette river at Salem, where Mr. S. D.
(iilisou and his brother,' S. A. I)., now reside.

S. I), (tibson was educated in the common
school and began life on a farm belonging to
his father and has continued in that business
all of his life, and has resided ever since com-
ing to .this State on his own land, lie now has
140 acres of land on which he has built a com-
modious -residence and a part of his great ex-
tent of land he has platted and designs to sell
and has very appropriately named the tract
••Fair Oaks," This is most desirable property
and is being purchased and built upon as it is
SI) near the city of Salotn and so beautifully lo-
cated.

The marriage of our subject took place Marcli
20, 18()7, to Mrs. Mary E Forenian, the widow
of .Jeremiah Foreman, and the daughter of Jo-
seph Iliroiis. Mr. Foreman was a Union soldier
and lost his life at Vicksburg while fighting to
perpetuate the Government. Mrs. Gibson bad
one son at the time of her last nnirriage, A. L.
I'oremaii. One son has been born of the last
marriage, named Frank, and the two young
men are in business together at Kickreal and
are successful merchants of that place. Frank
is also Postmaster of the place. Mrs. Gibson
is a member of the Christian Church. Mr.
Gibson has been a consistent Republican ever
since he has been a voter and takes a deep in-
terest in the affairs of his county and State. In
188-1 he was elected to the State Legislature
and has also served a-s a member of the State

Board of F](jnalization. He also has served as
t'onnty ('oinmissioner and was re-elected and in
all of his public life lias been manly and up
right, pleasing his constituents who everywhere
know him to lie a man of lionor. lie possesses
the esteem of all who have followed liis career
since he has become a citizen of the great State
of Oregon.

w^^^-^^.

fllANCIS M. WADSWORTII came to
Portland, Oregon, November 7. 1865. He
is a native of Toledo, Ohio, born Uecem-
lier 14, 183(5. His father, Arial S. Wadsworth
of New York, a descendant of Captain William
S. Wadsworth, who emigrated from England to
Connecticut early in the history of the country.
A. S. Wadworth married !Miss Margaret Hitch-
cock. She is the daughter of Timothy Hitch-
cock, one of the early settlers of New England,
and on the maternal side a relative of tlie dis-
tingnished United States Senator, Z. Chandler,
of Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Wadsworth had
three children of whom our subject is the only
snrvivor. His father died when ho was only
two years old, and he was raised in Allegany
county, New York.

He learned the trade of painter and when the
civil war broke out he enlisted in Conjpany I,
Twenty-eighth New York Volunteer Infantry,
with Colonel D. I). Donnelly in command.
The date of liis enlistment was May 14, 1861.
They were sent to the front and the regiment
made a good war record. After Mr. Wads-
worth was in the service fifteen months and
while in the battle of Cedar Mountain he re-
ceived a gnnsliot in the right lung wliicli
ended his usefulness in the army and came near
ending his usefulness for life. He was a great
sufferer with the wound for years. The ball
drove pieces of bone into his limg, which were
coughed up years later. He was honorably dis-
charged in 1862, and he has never fully recov-
ered from the eflFects of the wound. In 1805
he came to Linn county, Oregon, and carried
on his business. Later he removed to Benton
county, and was for some time successfully en-
gaged in agricultural pursuits, producing largo
quantities of small fruits. lie was in this
business twelve years. In 1880 he was nomi-
nated by the Republicans of Benton county as
candidate for the State Legislature, 11^ was

HISTORY OF on /SOON.

elected and served as their repretieiitative, was
chairman of the Committee on Education, and
ilid nil in his power to advance the interests of
his conntituentH, iiis state and IiIh vote was al-
ways cast in favnr of progress and what lie be-
lieved to he right. In 18Si3 he was appointed
Siletz Indian agent in which capacity he served
fonr years, two of the fonr years lieing in Presi-
dent Cleveland's administration. Tiiero were
030 Indians in his charge, men, women, and
children, and his term of otKce was capal)le and
honorable. After this lie spent three years in
the merc;;r.tile tinsiness at Toledo, Benton
county, lie then sold out and came to Port-
land, Oregon, and is engaged in the revenue
Bervice, holding the otHce of United States
Ganger. He is a inemher of the K. of P., and
an enthusiastic member of the (1. A. R. lie
drove 100 miles to become a member of Paker
I'oRt at Portland. He was a charter member
of the McPhersoti Post at Albany, and Senior
Vice-Commander of it. He also was ('oin-
inander of the General Lyon Post at Toledo,
Oregon. At present he is a member of the
General Wright Post, Portland. He has fonr
badges commemorating his services in the G.
A. U. lie is a member of the Masonic frater-
nity and he is a true member of the liepublican
[)arty. Ho has some hundred acres of choice
and nearly all improved with a pleasant resi-
dence on it at Toledo, Oregon. His honored
mother, now eighty-live years old, resides with
him and it is needless to add that he is a warm-
hearted, good citizen and a man of the greatest
integrity.

He was married to Miss Louise M. Good-
enough, of Tonawaiula, New York, when lie was
twenty years of age. They have bad four sons:
W. S. (ieorge, W., K. M.,"Jr., and T. 0. The
eldest son died wlien a young man of twenty-
one years.

[ETII LEWELLING, a pioneer of 1850,
and prominent Oregon nnrseryman and
orchanlist during the forty-two years since
that time, was born in Randolph county, North
Carolina, March fi, 1820. A biographical sketch
of Mr. Lewelling, including a few years of the
life of his brotlier, llenderson Lewelling and
William Meek, now deceased, is in a large meas-
ure a history of early horticulture in Oregon.
Henderson Lewelling, in March, 1847, planted

an assortment of fruit trees in lioxes at Salem,
Henry county, Iowa, loaded them in two wag-
ons and started with them for Oregon, arriving
at Milwaukee in November of that year, with
about half of his nursery in good order. Tiie
remainder was destroyed by an accident to one
of the wagons in the Pear river caHon. This
was the first nursery, and so far as yet known
these were the tirst domestic fruit trees brought
t.) this coast, except perl.'aps, such citrus fruits
as were introduced in California by the mission
fathers.

So highly were they appreciated that offers of
$3 per tree were freely made when tlnjy arrived.
About this time Henderson Lewelling and Will-
iam Meek formed a partnership, of which the
subject of our sketch became a member- in 1850.
Their early efforts were attended with more
trials and ditficulties incident to new undertak-
ing, but perseverance and hard work overcome
all obstacles. From such stocks as they could
buy, with what they were able to grow and pull
from the woods, they had 18,000 fi?ie trees for
sale in the fall of 1851. The apple trees sold
readily for $1 each and plum, cherry, pear and
peach for $1.50 each. In 1853 the firm started
branch nurseries at Salem and others near Spring
Valley, on the Long Tom river and near Albany,
and put out about 100,000 grafts, having kept
fourteen men shop-grafting all the preceding
winter.

They got some fruit in 1851 and a little more
in 1852, but none for market until 1853 when
they sold apples in San Francisco for $1 per
pound, and at the sap?e time they sold pears,
peaches and plums for $1.50 per pound.

About this time Henderson Lewelling with-
drew, and in 1857 Mr. Meek also, leaving the
subject of our sketch the sole proprietor in which
business he has ever since coiitinued. Mr. Lew-
elling has given a great deal of attention to the
propagation of new fruits. In 1859 he sold
strawberries for seventy-five cents per pound in
Portland, the first in Oregon, but the fruit was
80 little known that in 18(50 he abandoned the
cultivation of that crop. The people's ignorance
of the fruit is not so strange wlien we remember
that its cultivation in the Eastern States, to any
considerable extent, dates only from 1849. The
change since then has been so great that he now
iinds a twenty acre patch profitable while fields
of one to ten acres are numerous.

In 1860 Mr. Lewelling originated the Hlaek
Republican and Lincoln cherries, both of which

Ill

'hi

•1; 'l

4«s

JiiHTonr of OHKGOS.

me niiw exteiiHivt'ly grown on tlio I'lieitic const.
Aliout till" siinu' time lii' originated the Lewell-
ini; rliiibnrl), ii seeiilt.-s variety anil one which
has jiroved valuable. In 18t)() he originated the
Lewelling jLtnipe, wiiieii ie proving a most valua-
ble aciiuisition to the list of grapes adapted to
the climate of wes^tern Oregon and Washington.
In ls7o he originated the (iolden prune, which
is now coming into general demand for drying,
hill* i)een indorsed by the State Hoard of llorti-
culture of Washington as a valuable variety for
cultivation in that State, and seems to be con-
sidered out! of the best of prunes wherever it- is
grown. .Mr. 11. K. Van Demon and W. A. Taylor,
re.>;pectively Uiuted States I'omologist and nssi.st-
ant in writing of this prune, said; "This fruit
was superior to any dried plums or prunes I
have tasted, even to those specially prepared for
desert ii^e, and the dried samples you sent later
were of tine (luality. "

In 1878 he originated the Birg cherry, a large
dark purple cherry, which has also proved a
valuable acquisition to the list of sweet cherries.
Mr. W. A. Taylor, whom we have already quoted,
writing of this cherry, under date of July 21,
1>('J2, J^ays; "The Birg cherry is the largest and
handsomest variety that has reached us this
year, and would seem to be well worthy of in-
troduction on this side of the Uockies as well as
on the I'acitic slope. "

At the Centennial Exposition in I^hiladclphia,
Mr. Lewelling took the world's premium for the
finest and largest pears and ciierries, the fruit
having to be sent by express across the conti-
nent, lie paid §8 charges for a bunch of six
pears from a single bloom bud, and of the cher-
ries exhibited forty-four weighed a pound.
Many people unaccustomed to Oregon fruits in-
sisted that they were not cherries, but crab ap-
ples, an opinion which would have vanished had
they been permitted to taste them. Large as
these were, Mr. Lewelling in the summer of
1892 raised a great many of the iJirg variety, of
which thirty-five weighed one pound. He
shiijped a few boxes to Saratoga Springs as an
experiment, where they sold readily for SI per
pound. Mr. Lewelling now has fifty acres of
orchards and small fruits at Milwaukee, about
one mile outside the city of Portland, and sixty
acres of nursery and orchard atCJonley a few miles
farther up the Willamette river.

fOlIN I)()NiNKlll5KU(i is a native of Prus-
sia, (ieruiany, born October 15. 1830, ami
is descended from a long line of ancestors
devoted to mercantile pursuits, lie remained
at home with his parents until he was eighteen
years of age, and secured a good, practical busi-
ness education. He was then apprenticed to
learn the trade of a locksmith i.nd followed this
vocation until the fall of 184'J, when he de-
termined toi'migrate to America, theland of great
opportunities. Landing in the city of Baltimore
October 5, 18-49, he continued his jourTiey by
river and canal to Oiuciunati, where he worked
at his trade for a year. He then went to Louis-
ville, Kentucky, and entered the employ of
Williams it Roberts, ])roininent plumbers of
that city; there ho devoted five years to learn-
ing this trade in every department. In 1855 he
came via the Panama route to San Francisco,
and finding bnsinese exceedingly d\ill he went
to the mines in Placer county, where he met
with gratifying success in his search for gold.

In the autumn of 18t)0 he returned to Eii-
ro|)e, and in February 1861, he was married
to Miss Elizabeth Toelker; the following spring
he returned to California with his bride, arriv-
ing in San Francisco in August. He engaged
in mining in Placer county until 1864, when
he gave up this industry and came to Portland
for permanent settlement, lie arrived before
the close of the rainy season, and conseijuently
did not find business very brisk. After a few
months he worked as journeyman for C. II.
Myers, and in March, 1865, opened a general
plumbing establishment; this partnership was
dissolved in 1808, when Mr. Donnerberg
formed a partnership with John Barrett,
which existed until 1812; he then bought
Mr. Barrett's interest, and carried on a
general plumbing, steam and gas fitting
establishment. In the fall of 1890, after an ex-
perience of twenty-five years, which had resulted
in the accumulation of a handsome competency,
Mr. Donnerberg sold his interests in this busi-
ness to the firm of Donnerberg & Co., composed
of his son, August and II. Clausseniue, two
most estimable gentlemen, of superior business
qualifications.

The wife of Mr. Donnerberg died in Decem-
ber, 1875, leaving a family of five children:
August, Henry, Julia, Mary and Frank. He
was married a second time in December, 1876,
to Miss Theresa Hofues, a native of Prussia,
Germany, and to them have been born tour

■* Ssnma

lllSrOltr OF OHHOON.

490

children: Theresa, .losophine, Lena and George.
In 1877, Mr. Donnerherfj; biiilt liin home at the
corner of Fourteenth and Morrison streets; lie
aJHO lias a country liouse at Lon^ Heech, VVash-
inj^ton, where lie onjoyn the sea Itreezett durinj^
the Huininer inonthH. ITe is a tneinbor of the
Iloinan Catholic Church, of the German Aid
Society, and was for yearn connected with St.
Mary's Orphan Jlome. In politics he affiliates
with the Democratic J)arty; his energies, how-
over, have been devoted to cominoreial interests
and Ity the exercise of honorable and npright
methods he has accumulated a handsome estate.

B. PAKTLOW, a successful and re-
spected Oregon piotieer of 1852, was
j9 born in Owen county, Indiana, March
8, 1828. His father, James Partlow, was one
of the pioneers of Kentucky, from which State
he removed to Illinois, where he resided the re-
mainder of his life on a farm, engaged in the
practice of his profession of medicine. Ills
first' wife bore him two children: Ilichard S.
and William B., and then died, after which he
went back to Kentucky, and married si second
time, by which marriage they had one child,
John J. Partlow, who now lives in Danville,
Illinois. In his 8i.>ctieth year he died, at his
home in Illinois. Richard S. I'artlow was
born in Kentucky, March 8, 1825; came to
Oregon in 1851, from Illinois, and has success-
fully practiced medicine ever since, residing in
and around Portland and Baker City, Oregon,
for the past thirty years. He married Miss M.
E. Johns, of Danville, Illinois.

Our subject, W. B. Partlow, was reared in
Illinois, and sent to the district schools until
fourteen years of age, at which time he was
made to learn the trade of saddler, at which
calling he worked for a number of years.
Finally, in 1852, he started for Oregon. He
came with a Mr. William Johnson, of Coving-
ton, Indiana. Their bargain was to the effect
that Mr. Partlow should contribute $75 and drive
a four-horse team, and Mr. Johnson should fur-
nish the provisions, but Mr. Johnson expected a
good deal more of our subject than was named
in the agreement. He stood guard, milked cows,
herded cattle, and did many other things besides
driving the team as agreed upon. When they
arriJ'ed at Grande Ronde he grew tired of Mr.

Johnson, so walked the remainder of the dis-
tance, al)out ;)()0 miles. He had done more tluiii
enough to pay for his board, even if he had con-
tributed no money, lie crossed the mountains,
coining down to Philip Foster's fiirni, and then
to Oregon City, and soon after his arrival ho
began to work at his trade for Mr. A. K. Post,
remaining with him three years as a journey-
man, one year as a partner and finally became
sole owner of the business. In connection with
his harness shop Mr. Post ran a livery business,
and as time went on Mr. Partlow closed out the
former business to devote his attention to the
latter, doing a fair business for seventeen years,
during which time he had many ups and downs.
In 1809 he disposed of his livery business and
purchased 120 acres of choice land, two miles
south of Oregon City, on which property he has
since resided. His farm is now one of the most
valuable in the county. His residence is sur-
rounded by a beautiful yard, in which may be
found many kinds of native shrubs.

June 28, 1850, he married Mis.s Frances l,u-
cinda Chase, born in Vermont, August 5, 1828,
daughter of Mr. Sisson Chase, of Vermont.
Three children have l)le8sed this union, two of
whom died in infaney. The one they reared is
a son, James, born March 15, 1859, in Oregon
City, where he was reared and educated. Ho
now makes his home with his father and owns
thirty-two acres adjoining. In addition Mr.
and Mrs. Partlow have reared ii foster child,
Miss Annie E. Ilowland, who lost her mother
and was taken by these kind people when only
nine years of age, so that they reared her as
their own. She was born August 31, 180O.
She still resides with Mr. Partlow, and owns
thirty-two acres of land adjoining, by inheri-
tance. Mr. Partlow and his son are successful
farmers and also devote much attention to the
raising of fine horses, of which they have a few.
Both he and his son are intelligent and ardent
Republicans. While residing in Oregon City
Mr. Partlow was elected and serveilasa member
of the City Council, also a member of the lire
department for ten years, in which he proved
himself a valued member.

On the 29th day of January, 1892, the be-
loved wife and mother was taken from her fam-
ily by death, the immediate cause being la
grippe and pneumonia. During her life she
proved herself a good and faithful wife and
mother during the thirty-six yeais of married
life, and she was greatly mourned by her fani-

BOO

IIISTOIIY OF oliEdON.

!,■: 1

ily, as wfll 111* by the host of fiit'iida alic Imd at-
tiic'.liud to hernclf (luriiii^ her n-sidence in Oregon
City luid on the farm, mid the family hnd the
entire syinpiitiiy of tlie coniMimiity in their be-
reavement. Mr. J'arthjw enjoyrt the f^oud-wiil
iind eHteeni of ail wlio knuU' iiiin, and is a good
representative nf the Oregon pioneers of 1852,

fOlIN' B. FKIIGUKSON, an Oregon pioneer
of 1847, was born in liichland county,
>^ Ohio, in 1825. His father, Samuel l''ergiie-
8on, was a native of Pennsylvania, and passed
his boyhood upon a farm; in early manliood lie
moveil to Ohio, and wan married in 1812 to
.Miss Jane IJonser. In 1820 they I'omoved to
Illinois, settlinj^ near (jnincy, where they lived
until 1842; they then removed to Andrew
county, .Missouri, and Mr. Fergneson reclaimed
a farm from the natives wilds, jiassiiifr the re-
mainder of his life there. John I). Ferj^rueson was
married .^pri I 13, 184(), to ^[i8s May Waldrniip,
and they lived with the parents durini^ the life-
time (jf the latter. In the spring of 1847 they
started to Oregon with one wagon, six yoke of
o.xen and four cows; they arrived at the Dalles,
after a comfortable trip, "without losing a hoof."
They were .net by Samuel and .lesse I'Vrijiieson,
pioneers of 1844, and continued by river to
I'ortland. the cattle lieiiiir driven by the trail.
At I'ortbind they again yoked up the o.xen, and
travel inj.r overland to Tualatin plains, whore they
passeil the winter. In the summer of 1848
they went up the Willamette valley, and in the
fall Mr. Fergneson located a claim of 040 acres,
five miles west of Junction City. He cniraged
in general farming and stock-raising, and has
one of the best improved ranches in that sec-
tion. He also owns 480 acres in adjoining
localities; 200 acres are cultivated to grain, and
the rest of the land is well stocked with sheep
and cattle. In 1854 he drove cattle to eastern
Oregon, and for twelve years followed the live-
stock trade in that locality, making fieqnent
trips to the Willatnette valley, crossing the
Cascade tnountains by several trails, and fully
as numy trips by the Columbia river.

Mrs. Fergneson died iti April, 1879, leaving
a family of six children: John S., Sarah J.,
wife of Martin Trivet; Joseph H. ; Mary A.,
wife of Joel J'itney; Martha E., wife of Morris
Allen; and Thomas Jefferson. Mr. Fergueson

was married Bgnin in 1880, to Miss Klizabeth
Ilinton, a luitive of Oregon and a ilaughter of
Thompson Ilinton, a pioneer of 1840; they have
one child, a daughter, named ,losepliin(<. Mr.
Fergueson is a memlier of .Monroe Lodge, No.
4'J, A. F. (fe A. ,M. lie has served one term
as (Jominirtsioner of Lane county, but has given
little attention to politics. Ho has been de-
voted to the interests of the farm and of stock-
raising, and has met with more than ordinary
success; he is now living in the enjoyment of
the fruits of his labors.

— ^-e-:^-^ —

fO. HOVNTON, an Oregon ])ioneer of
1850, was born in Troy, New York, in
^ 1822, a eon of Eben L. and Elizabeth
(Fancher) Hoynton, natives of Vermont and
(Connecticut, respectively. Locating in Troy at
an early day, the father of our subject embarked
in mercantile pursuits, and was subsequently
appointed by the Legislature as City Inspector
of Provisions, an otKce he filled for many years.
In 1830 he emigrated to Fulton county, Illii'iois,
where he devoted the last years of his life to
agricultural pursuits. He died in 188'J at the
age of ninety years; his wife preceded him to
the world beyond in 1887, aged eighty-four
years. (!. (). Hoynton lived with his parents
until flidy 1843, when he was married in Ftil-
tun county, Illinois, to Miss .Mary A. Honney.
He settled on a farm, and devoted his energies
to its (•ultivation until 1850, when he sold out
and removed liis family to Oregon. Nine fami-
lies of friends and neighbors made up a little
train, and crossed the plains with o.\ teams,
accom|)lishitig the journey safely within si.x
months. They arrived at Foster's October 8,
1850, and continued until they reached Clack-
amas county; here Mr. Ooynton located a dona-
tion claim of 040 acres where the town of Needy
is now situated. He then engaged in farming
and raising live-stock.

In j)ublic affairs he filled a prominent posi-
tion; as County Assessor he served four yours,
and was Coii!!ty Commissioner for the same
length of time; for twenty-two years he was
.1 ii-tice of the Peace; he took a deep interest in
the advancement of all the county's enterprises,
and his house was the home of the church dur-
ing the early missionary days; the Reverends
Waller, Ilines, Garrison and Parish were fre-

;l ;

IIIHTORY OF OIIKOON.

not

(|iH'nt gueHts, and tlio first CHinp-iiieetiiig
gr(iiiii(ln ill tlui valley were uKtiiMivlied on his
farm. The town of Needy in d(«ej)ly iixhOitod
to IiIh goiit'roMity, an he coiitrihiitiMJ tlit' fiveatTOH
upon which the M. K. church is hiiilt; he also
jrave liherallv to the fund for huildiii^ the
church edifice.

Mr. {{(lynton lived upon liis farm until the
Bprin^ of 1S!)1, when he sold out and retired
from tile anions duties he liad heen so long ))er-
forming. lie then came to Woodburii, and
purchased seven acres inside the city limits,
where he erected his residence. Desiring con-
tinuous occupation he houglit an interest in the
grocery store of W. E. Kinzer, in which he is
now actively employed.

Mr. and Mrs. Boynton have reared a family
of nine children to mature years: Eben L.,
Bradford A.; Ilellen A., wife of Clarlt Cown;
Thurston A.; .Jennie I?., wife of C. Stump;
Atiert J., died airnd one year and one montli;
JJessie, wife of ii. S. Thomas; Ida. wife of A.
Kiiode; and Lida, still at home.

Mr. lioynton is a member of Fidelity i,odgc,
No. 54, A. V. & A. M., and of the Grange.
He has been a member of the M. E. Ohnrch for
lifty-one years, and as a public spirited citizen,
lie has few equals and no snjieriors, his influ-
ence always being for the irreatest good to the
the greatest number.

fAMES TUOUNTON, a capitalist, and one
of the old and respected pioneers of Oregon,
was born near La Fayette, Indiana, May 29,
1825, a son of Levi and Catherine (Black)
Thornton, the former a native of Pennsylvania,
an<l the latter of Kentucky. The ancestors of
both families were of the old colonial stock.
The parents removed to Mercer connty, Illinois,
when our subject was seven years of age, but a
few months later went to Louisa county, Iowa,
where the father died in 1840, and the mother
in 1845.

James, the fourth in a family of five children,
was reared and educated in Iowa, bnt crossed
the plains to Oregon in 1850. He was engaged
in mining in Yreka California, until 1851,
when he returned to Iowa. In 1853 he crossed
the plains the second time, coming by the old
northern route, via Fort Ilall, and located in
Jackson county. There are perhaps few of the

Oregon pion(<ers now living whose advent into
this countv antedates that of Mr. Thornton. He
has always followed fariiiing, but is not now
actively engaged in that calling, although he
still o\'ns tliirty acres of lanil adjoining Ashland,
which is planted to pear, prune, apricot and
peach trees. The orclianl, although young, is
bearing, and will yiehi good returns the present
season. In 1891 Mr. Tliorton Bliippe<l over
1,000 l)o.\es of peaches to Tacoma, Washington.
He has also been closely connected with sciiool
matters, having served liis district faithfully as
trustee many years.

Mr. Thornton has been twice married, first in
Iowa, in 1848, to Miss Isabel Wallace, a native
of Newfoundland, and who dieil A])ril 1(5, 18tJ2.
They were the parents of the following clii' '"en:
Kate A., Laura B., Sarah E. and Henry. The
second marriage was consunimati'd in .Jackson
county, Oregon, in .June. 18().3, with Miss
Elizabeth I'atterson, a native of Ohio. The
names of their living children are: Sheridan
F., Ilattie M., Edward J. and Ole A. The de-
ceased were: IJ. S. Grant, who died Octoberl.
18()0, and William A., deceased January 20,
1873. The Iloosier State has fnrnished Oregon
with some of its most substantial and profes-
sional men, and the subject of this notice is justly
recognized among its number. He has been
prominently identified with the growth and
progress of Southern Oregon, and was a'.^o
among the chief promoters of a number of its
private enterprises, the Ashland Woolen Mills
lieing among the number. He was one of its
staunch supporters at the time of its incorpora-
tion, and is at this writing one of the stock-
holders and president of the association.

<•*>-

Anions

§ON. WILDER W. BARKER
the pioneer settlers of Astoria none are
more highly respected or honored than the
subject of this sketch, who was born in Orange,
Vermont, October 19, 1824. His parents,
Ebenezer P. and Laura (Flanders) Parker, were
natives of the same State, their ancestry being
among the Puritan settlers of New England,
and distinguished among the stanch supporters
of American independence. In 1827 Mr.
Parker removed his family to Wash'iigtoii,
Vermont, when he pursued extensive inilHiig
interests, and in that locality our subject re-

002

UJaWIir OF ORliOON.

mwx\

t n

it t.

ceived a common school education and prepared
himself for entrance at the i^lewbury Seminary,
an institution controlled hy the Methodist de-
nomination. Assisting himselt' by teaching
Bchooi, he graduated from the academic depart-
ment and completed his studies at the Norwich
University, an institution grown out of the
military school founded by Cloplain Alden Part
ridge, in 1818, previously a professor and super-
intendent at West Point. After four years of
study our subject was <li\erted from graduating
by accujiling the position of engineer of the
rsorwicli Coppermine on lake Superior. Tliere
he remained about fifteen montlis, but upon
hearing of the acqusition of California and the
making o* "t aecessible to Amencaiis, he re-
signed his position, returned to New York, and
took passage l)y the bran-new steamship, Cali-
fornia, the first of the three new vessels of the
Paciiic Mail Steamship Company's line to clear
for the Pacific coast, and he was the first to
take passage, only two persons taking passage
on tiie vessel. By an unforeseen event, in no
sense his fault, he was left behind and was obliged
to take ])as8ageon the Spanish brig, Bogata, Cap-
tain Thomas, for Santa Martha, 000 iiiiles east
of what is now Aspinwall, thence by a French
mail coasting schooner to Ciiagres, at the mouth
of the Chagres river, and by ascending the river
\w crossed the continent to Panama entirely
alone, except witli a native for a guide, to where
he arrived about five weeks ahead of the steam-
ship. While on the isthmus. l)efore crossing,
lie learned from the United States Consul there
of 'he discovery of gold in California, with full
confirmation of the fabulous statements first
published in the United States, and ere the ship
arrived at Panama, about fifteen gold seekers, of
every description, had readied Panama.

Our subject sailed on the steamship, Cali-
fornia, using tlie order of William II. Aspinwali,
president of the Steamship Company, supple-
mented with the ticket Irought in New York,
and arrived at San Francisco February 28. 1849.
A company of fonr»tnen was then ''ormed, and
paying !:!i600 per 1,0(10 feet for luintwi they built
a la|) streak bottom scow, and with a ton of pro-
visions started for the Tuolumne river to en-
gage in mining. Mr. Parker worked about
twenty days, realizing about $20 a day, and
then decided that life in San Francisco wns
tnore congenial and he returned to that city,
leased a piece of ground, built a frame and can-
vas tent, 20x50 fee., which he fitted up as a

hotel and restaurant. Before winter a bakery
was added and the canvas covering was rejilaced
by boards, ilo paid ilia baker the price of $600
per month, but sufficient pies and cakes were
sold to j)ay all running expenses of the bakery,
and the f)rotits of the hotel were very large,
continuing until June, 1850. At this time his
property was destroyed by the great tire, at an
estimated loss of $20,000. lie tiieu bouglit
the first soda fountain which was brought to
San Francisco and leased a room on Stevenson's
wharf, foot of Clay street, at S700 a month, he
commenced operations, selling soda at 25 cents
a glass, and the first Sunday after opening he
took in $800. At the election of 1850 he was
made a member of the Board of Assistant Al-
dermen of tlie City Council. In after years
that City ('oun'iil was designated as the ••Honest
(lonncil.'' whose special work was, among other
matters, to straighten the accounts of the pre-
ceding iticumt)ents, finding the indebtedness to
be $2.00(),0(K), and to establish a sy.stem of
revenue, the first the city ever iiad. Tlie latter
was accomplished by licensing all business in-
terests. The first system of free schools of the
city was adopted at the same time, with T. J.
Novins, Mr. P.arker's tutor in law stuiiies in
Vernmnt, appointed superintendent. In Febru-
ary. 1852, Mr. Parker came to Oregon, and
leased the old Ilarrell sawmill on the Lewis
and Cliirk river, and later bought the Simpson
siwim . uwniill at Astoria, wliere he diil an ox-
tens'vr Ijusiness until 18t)0. when, througii in-
creased competition he decided to retire. After
the election of Abraham Lincoln, Mi'. Parker
was appointed Deputy Collector of Customs of
the l^rt, under W. L. Adams, in which capacity
lie served for eleven years, a part of the time
being dcpntv to lion. Alansoii Uiumaii. Since
his retirement from office lie has been actively
e.igaged in the real-estate and insurance busi-
ness, and in developing his city property for
general uses. He has been an extensive builder,
of both residence and business property and
upwani of forty buildings are credited to
his pusn and enterprise.

Mr i^arker was married in Astoria, in 1863,
to Mitw Inez E. Adams, tht; eldest daughter of
W. L. Adams, a pioneer of 1848, to whom and
his wife eight children have been born, seven
of whom survive. By this marriage tliere are
no children, although o holidays and other
festal occasions Mrs. Ifai rer has more children

UlSTOliY OF OIIKGON.

608

about lier, probably, than any other woman in
the city.

Mr. Parker was ainoii^ the first to urge the
estalilishinent of a free public school in Astoria,
although witliout children hiuiselt'. lie has
served one terui in the State Legislature, and
other terms as County Assessor, Superinteiid-
ent of Schools, Mayor, Councilinau and Director
of Schools in Astoria. In the last Legislature
he was aj)|)oiiited Chairman of the Commission
of Seven to build and manage the water works
of Astoria. He is also an active member of
the Chamber of Commerce, and as a Notary
Public has served since 1863. lie ie h gener-
ous contributor to church and moral institutions
iuul aKvays is among the most active to promote
public enterprises in developing the city of his
adoption, which he has watched from her in-
taricy and now sees her a populous center known
all over the land.

5liA B. STUllGES, one of the active and suc-
cessful buniness men of the city of Portland,
and president of the Intlia Packing Com-
pany, is a native of Norwalk, Ohio, born Janu-
ary IH, 1845. His father, Daniel B. Sturges,
was liorn in the State of Connecticut, reuioved
to Milan, Erie county. Ohio, in an early day
and was a pioneer in that portion of Ohio, lie
is a worthy citizen and resides at Norwalk,
Huron county, Ohjc. The ancestors of the
family were English. Mr. Daniel B. Sturges,
father (jf Ira, resided near Norwalk, Coimecti-
cut. Little is known of the family, except that
they were Now Englanders, and as a rule that
is e(juivilent to saying that they were thrifty,
honest people. Mr. vStiirges' father married
Miss Sophia Parks, a native of the State ot' Ver-
mont. She was of equally respectable parent-
age. They had seven children, of whom five
are living. Mr. Stirges was their third child
and raised in his native town, and quite early
in his history was qtiite successfully engaged in
the nursery business. In his eighteenth year,
in June, 1863, he enlisted in answer to Presi-
dent Lincoln's call for troops. He enlisted in
Company B, Twenty-fifth Ohio Kegiiiient, to
relinquish that veteran regiment with troops to
take the place of those who ahed their blood for
their country. They were sent to the front,
first to Washington, then to Hilton Head, and
during the war our young soldier participated

in fourteen battles under the folds of the old
flag. He made a good soldier and was pro-
moted to Sergeant, and at the close of the war
returned to his home. The work was accom-
plished for which he had enlisted, the Union was
preserved. For two years after the war he at-
tended school at Poughkeepsie, New York, and
also took a full course at Eastman's Business
College, and was for a time in the employ of
the United States Express Company. I*'roni
New York he went to Kansas, and from there,
in 1869, he came to California, and at Sacra-
mento was engaged in the general otHce of the
Central Pacific Railroad, but after two years he
resigned and accepted the position of traveling
salesman for J. A. Folger, of San l'"rancisco, in
which position he continued for thirteen years,
traveling throughout the Northwest and be-
coming acquainted with all the prominent busi-
ness houses in the country.

In 1882 he came to I'ortland and established
the wholesale grocery and commission house of
Sturges, Larseu & Company. After a year he
withdrew from tlio firm and engaged in the
stock business in Baker county, in which
he continued eight years. In 1886 he sold
and established his present quarters, which con-
tinued until October, 1888, when it was in-
corporate<l and assumed its present name, the
Indian Packing Company. The incorporators
were Messrs. H. M. C-ake, T. O. Muiphy and I.
15. St\irges, manufacturers of baking powder,
extracts and grocers' sundries. They do an
extensive wholesale business throughout the
Northwest, inchuling British Columbia, Mon-
tana, Idaho, Washington and Oregon. They
have a factory located at South Portland and all
goods with their trademark are equal to any in
the market. Since coming to Portland, Mr.
Sturges has identified himself fully with the
growth of the city. He was one of the organ-
izers ot the Poitland Cable Railroad CJompany,
became a stockholder and secretary and treas-
urer, and from its organization to the present
time has been a director. He also became in-
terested in the Portland Smelting Company
and is a stockholder. He has interested liim-
self in Portland real estate and was oik; of the
organizers of the plat of Southern Portland,
160 acres of which, in 1883, was put on the
market by Mr. Sturges and otiiers, and made n
success of it, having sold all but that |)ortion
which they reserved for future advance. lie
has been connected in other additions to Port-

504

HISTORY OF OREGON.

land and Baker City, all of which were success-
ful.

Mr. Sturges was married in 1883, to Miss
Wilhelinine Engelke, of Hanover, Germany.
They have had two children: Inge I?urr and
Paulina; the latter they lost by death. Both
were horn in J'ortland. Mr. Sturges is a thirty-
second degree Mason, and is a director and
niemher of the Chamber of Commerce. lie is
a Republican and a member of the Governor
Wright Post, G. A. R. lie is a widely known
business man of great ability^ and honorable
and worthy citizen, giving strict attention to
his business.

fUSTAF WILSON, Russian Vice-Consul at
Portland, was born at Uleaborg, Finland,
Russia, June 2, 1827. His father, John
Wilson llemini, was a seafaring man and was
connected with tlie United States navy. After
coming to America, his father dropped the
name of Ilemmi. In 1842, although only
fifteen years of age, Gustaf left his home to
engage in seafaring life. In 1844 he made his
first cruise to the United States and thereafter
sailed upon American vessels. In 18o0 lie
shipped from New York city on the ship yVlbar-
ria. Captain II. Crowell in command, with gen-
eral cargo. They set sail for San Francisco, via
cape Horn, touching at Rio and Valparaiso.
They arrived inside the "Golden Gate" October
10, and were discharged in that port. Gustaf
then went to the mines, operating in several
localities until February. 1852, when he crossed
the Siskiyou mountains to southern Oregon and
there continued his mining interests, lie was
engaged in the Indian outbreak of 1852 and
18.53, and the later war of 1855 and 1856.
With the organization of Josephine county, i i
1855, he was appointed Coroner liy the Terri-
torial liCgislature and subsequently elected by
the people, serving in that capacity for six
years. In 18112 he was elected Clerk of the
same county, and re-elected in 1864. At the
expiration of his term in 1806, he came to
Portlund and etigaged as clerk with the com-
tnission merchants, Messrs. Williams & Meyers,
retnaining in that capacity utitil 1870. lie
then purcliasi'd an interest in their flour jnill at
McMinnville. and remaining there, continued
as manager until 1876, when he sold unt and

returned to Portland. He was there engaged
in various occupations until 1883, when he was
appointed Russian Vice-Consnl, and has since
then given his attention to the duties of that
otHce and in looking after his ])ersonal aifairs
in real-estate and property interests. At the
various places where he has resided in Oregon,
he has u'.ways taken an active interest in public
aifairs, such as pioneer life required, often act-
ing as school clerk, director, road supervisor,
etc.

He was married in Portland, in 1871, to Miss
Christina Wideen, native of Sweden, who died
in 1882, leaving one child, Alice.

In 1890, after forty-tive years of absence, Mr.
Wilson visited his native country and the scenes ■
of his childhood. It proved a very pleasant
and enjoyable trip.

Mr. Wilson is a Scottish Rite Mason, having
passed the several degrees of the Blue Lodge,
Chapter and Commandery, Past Grand S. W.,
Grand I^odge of Oregon, and is an horored and
honorable citizen of the State of Oregon.

?AV. GEARIIART, Assessor of Clatsop
county, was born in Henry county, Iowa,
<*in 1837. His parents, Philipand Marga-
ret C. (Logan) Gearheart, were natives of Penn-
sylvania. The former was a carpenter by trade,
but after removing to Iowa, in 1836, he en-
gaged in farming, which occupation he followed
for twelve years, and then with the usual prairie
outfit and o.x teams crossed the plains to Ore-
gon. Emigration was small that year, and so
they had an abundance of food and no trouble
from the Indians, so that their trip was a pleas-
ant one and they landed at Oregon City, just
six months after crossing the Missouri river.
Proceeding to (Matsop plains, Mr. Gearhart
located his donation claim to 640 acres of
land and then passed his life engaged in agri-
cultural pursuits. He was among the repre-
sentative men of the county and served as
County Jiidgc, Commissioner and Justice of
the Peace for many years.

Our subject crossed the plains with his par-
ents and was educated in the schools of Oregon,
giving particular attention to surveying. Ho
was then eleeteu County Surveyor and lilltid the
ofiice continuon.dy for eight years, remaining
with his parents meanwhile and aiding with the

IIISTOHY OF OREGON

506

duties of the fann. In 1867 he came to As-
toria and as a partner of John Ilobson followed
the butchering business ai)out two years, and
then made liis lirst, trip to the Atlantic coast.
Heturning to Astoria in 1871, he engaged in
the mercantile l)usiness. which lie followeil for
eight years and then in the canning of salmon.

Mr. Gearhart was married in Forest (irove,
to Miss (J. A. iS'eal, in 1879. She is a native
of Ohio and a graduate of the Iowa Agriculu'-al
School, who came to Astoria in 1878, as a
teacher of the public school. Mr. and Mrs.
Gearhart have four children: John Meal, Edgar
Garfield, Philip and Esther.

After the death of iiiilip Gearhart the estate
fell into the hands of our sii'oject, who returned
to the farm, where he had lived, aiding his par-
ents during his term as County Surveyor. Here
he engaged in agricultural pursuits until the
sumuiv.' of 1888, when he sold the farm to M.
J. Kiiiuoy, who has dnce transformed it into a
summer resort, known us Gearhart Park. Mr.
Gearhart then gave up his winters to travel and
his summers to surveying. In the spring of
1891 he was appcinted Duputy County Sur-
veyor, and in the fall Assessor, to fill a vacancy
caused by the resig lation of C. J. Lindell. He
was elected to the sivme oflico by the Republican
])arty in June, 1892, for the term of two years.

In 1887 Mr. (Tcarhart l.,iilt his residence on
the corner of Seventh and Benton streets, and
owns sonie valuable improved business prop-
erty. He gives all his time to his oiticial
duties, which are faithfully and satisfactorily
discharged.

fW. PRENTICE, M. D., a progressive and
succesfid practitioner of Eugene, was
born at Wivenhoe, England, in 18-i4, a
son of George and Caroline (Ellis) Prentice; the
parents were natives of Suffolk, England, and
after their iriarriage they settled at Wivenhoe,
wdiora Mr. Prentice engaged in agricultural
pursuits. In 1872 the family cndgrated to the
United States, and settled in Maryland at
Greonsljoro; here the father bought a small farm,
and l)cgan giving especial attention to growing
fruits, an iiulustry with which he is still occupied.
Dr. Prentice was educated at the CoUdiester
Royal Graniiniir School in England, and in
1864: began reading for his profession at West

Mersea with his brotlier-in-law, Dr. Charles
Worts; hfc spent three years in preparation, and
for two years was a student in the medical
department of the University of Ediidjurgh.
Coming to America in 1872 he began jjractice
at Urbana, Illinois; later on he entered the
Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery,
av.d in 1878 was graduate;! from this institution.
He continued his practice at Urbana with
marked success. In 1882 he was appointed
United States Pension Plxaminer, through the
influence of Hon. Joe Cannon, M. C. from that
district, and held the office three years. In
188t) he severed liis connection at Urbana, and
entering the University of Pennsylvania, pursued
a course until the spring of 1887, wl>en ho
received a diploma from this famous school.
He passed the following summer with his
parents, and then came to Oregon, locating in
Eugene. He purchased a residence on High
street, between ninth and tenth streets, and
opened an office. It is a long and some times a
weary wait in the medical profession, but success
is sure to crown the skilled ph^'sician.

He was married in Indianapolis, Indiana, in
1886, to Miss Elizabeth 15. Hoover, a native of
the "Iloosier" State. The Doctor is a member
of the Masonic order, belonging to the Blue
Lodge and Chapter. Ho is a member of the Lane
County Medical Society and of the Interiuitional
Medical Congress.

Though English by birth h^ has become thor-
oughly Americanized; he was quick to appreciate
the value of American principles of Govern-
ment, and swore allegiance to his adopted
country at the earliest moment within the limits
of law; he is a warm admirer and loyal citizen
of the country over which floats the glorious
stars and stripes, emblem of American liberty.

,,jARWIN BRISTOW, a progressive and
energet c merchant and banker at Cottage
(Trove, was born at Pleasant Hill, Lane
county, Oregon, I)ec(!mber21, 1862. His father,
William Wilshire Bristow, was a native of
Cumberland county, Kentucky, born July 18,
1826, but was reared in McDonougli county,
Illinois, whither his parents removed in his
infancy. In 1848 he crossed the plains to
Oregon, and located at Pleasant Hill, L'tno
county, lu the spring of 1849 he started

506

HISTORY OF ORMGON.

\ m

) ^l

M :

f •

to Calitbrnia, but returiiod in the fall of
the same year, and began iinpruviiiir his claiin.
In the spring of 1.S5U or 1851 he taught the
first school in the connty. lie was married
in Marion county, (October 17, 1850, to Miss E.
Cott'ey, a native of Pikeconnty, Illinois. During
1852-'53 he was J nstice of the Peace of Pleasant
Hill precinct, and for a number of years was
Postmaster, ile was a delegate to the Constitu-
tional Convention of 1857, and in June, 1858,
he was elected one of the first State Senators
from Lane county; he was orre of the prominent
actors in setting the machinery of the State
Government in motion.

Mrs. Bristow died in November, 1863; she
was the mother of four children, only one of
whom survives, a son named Darwin. Mr.
Bristow was married again at I'leasant Hill,
April 27, 1865, to Miss Martha A. McCall, who
died August 18, 1868, leaving one child, Lizzie,
now the widow of C. F. McCormiic. September
16, 1869, Mr. Bristow was married in Portland
to Mrs. Mary .1. Wells, who still survives.

lie was again elected State Senator in 1872,
and served with great credit to himself and his
constituency through the .sessions of 1872 and
1874. He sold his farm in 1865, and went to
Eugene, where he purchased a one-third interest
in the mercantile business of Bristow & (Jo.,
the firm being composed of his brolher Elijah
\j. Bristow and T. G. Hendricks; he continued
an active member of the firm until his death,
December 8, 1874. He wr.ci sti'icken down in
the prime of manhood and in the midst of his
usefulness, leaving an untaruisheii reputation.
He was for many years a member of the Masonic
fraternity.

Darwin Bristow removed with his parents to
Eugene city, and after the death of bis father,
was taken into the family of T. G. Hendricks,
ailininistrator of the estate and guardian of the
chiklren. At the age of fourteen years our
sui)ject began clerking in the store of Mr.
Hendricks, thus securing a business education,
and at the same time pursuing his studies in the
University of Oregon; he was graduated from
the normal department of this institution in
1884. Tile autumn following he cunie to Cottage;
(trove, and in partnership with lleri)ert Eakin,
he purchased the bankrupt stock of l>nckey &
Noland; they increased their stock, and by close
attention to the details of the business, have
built up a good trade and later have further
advanced their business by the addition of a

I banking department and aru now carrying on a
j successful mercantile and banking establish-
ment.

Mr. Bristow was married at Cottnge (irove,
March 16, 1885. to Miss Mary L. Medley, a
native of Linn county, Iowa, and a daughter of
I James M. Medley, who emigrated to Oregon in
1874. Of this union have been born three chil-
dren: Greta Elizabeth, VVMlliain Wilshire and
Darwin Darrel. Air. Bristow has valuable
business and residence pro])erty at (Jottage
Grove and Eus^ene. He is Master of (Jottage
Grove Lodge, No. 51, A. F. & A. M., and a
meniber of Juventus l^odge, No. 48, of Iv. of B.
lie has served two terms as Mayor of Cottage
(-trove, and is one of the most active and enter-
prising men of the city.

ijj.VVID MONNASTES, a widely known
andiiitiuential citizen of Portlanil, Oregon,
came t,(j the State in 1852. lie was born
in St. Louis. Missoui'i, on July 25, 1820. His
father, David S. Monnastes, was a native of
England and in the employ of the Hudson's
Bay Company in St. Louis. He marrieu in
that city, Mi'ss Philistia Kahne, a native of
that place. They bad fourteen children, of
whom our subject is the s ile survivor.

He attended the French schools in his na-
tive city, where he later learned the bhicksmith
and machinist's trade, at which he worked for
six years. In 1852 he started on his journey
for Oregon, leaving St. Joseph on A[)ril 4,
he began bis journey alone, but joined in with
others on the way. He had four yoke of oxen
and a wagon, in which he carried his provis-
ions, gun and other necessaries. The cholera
was epidemic that year, but ho escaped it; and
the Indians were plentiful, but they were
friendly. His oxen gave out one by one, so that
long before he reached the coast, he had aban-
dontid his wagon and with his gun and what ho
could carry, he came on foot to the Dalles,
thence to Portland he journeyed on a llat-boat.
On arriving he had su|)per, and when he asked
the price, was told that it was four bits. He
had oidy two, which he gave, sayi.ig it was all
he had, but would pay the balance when he
got it.

In the morning he applied to Northrop &
Summers to bt; trusted for a pound of powder.

HISTOHY OF OREGON.

507

four pounds of shot and a box of G. D. caps.
They took liis word for it, and he found his way
out to Guiks' lake, where he killed during the
day sixteen wild duckn, most of them Mallards.
When he returned with his ducks, a restaurant
man, named Gordon, hailed him and asked the
price. He said, "What will you give me?" He
replied a dollar a pair. He accepted the offer,
and received eight dollars, with which he paid
his powder and shot hill and his board. The
restaurant man bargained for a dollar a pair for
all lie could bring in, and the following day he
killed and packed in thirty-six ducks, for which
he received ^18. He kept on at the business
all winter, making the merchant.-s, who trusted
him. his bankers, and on March 27, he had laid
up .i;l,lG5.

On xVpril 1, 1863, he purchased blacksmith's
tools and some machinery, and opened a shop
on First street, between Morrison and Yam-
hill streets. He was associated with Captain
James Trumbull a machinist, and they con-
ducted business as partners for a year, wlien
H. W. Davis, a molder, was taken into the iirm,
the iirm name becoming Trumbull, Monnastes
& Davis; and they conducted a foundry and
machine shop for another year. Then Mr.
Trumbull withdrew, and Mr. Monnastes and
Davis continued the business successfully un-
til 18(56, when Mr. Davis withdrew, and Mr.
Monnastes continued alone until 1873, doing
a large busine.is, and employing from thirty-five
to forty-five men.

The tire of 1873 burned the business out,
when Mr. Monnastes turned his attention to
the purchase and improvement of city property,
in which he has since been engaged, He has
built a valuable block on First street, between
Morrison and Yamhill streets, on the west side
of First street, and has built another on the cor-
ner of JeU'ersoii and First streets. He has also
built himself a good, substantial residence,
where he resides with his family, at No. 303
Third street.

He is in politics a Republican, and was twice
elected by his party to the (^ity Council. He
was one of the first organizers of the Volunteer
P'ire Company of the city, which dates back to
1853. He borrowed an old engine, took it to
his shop and fitted it up, and continued with
the Volunteer Fire Company of the city, first
with No. 1, then with No. 2 and lastly with No.
4, until the paid department was organized.
He had been at diiferent times its president

and treasurer, and is now an honored member
of the Volunteer Exempt Firemen's Society of
the city, which has in its membership the solid
representative men of the city of the early time.
He is a subscribing member of the Young
Men's Christian Association, and is a life mem-
ber of the Library Association. He is deeply
interested in the welfare of his favorite city,
and by his many admirable traits of character
has e.\cited the respect and esteem of his fel-
low-citizens.

•-=«-♦<

'^m^4^

i-p^

JSAAC BALL, an Indian war veteran of the
war of 1855-'56, an Oregon pioneer of 1852,
and now a prosperous fanner of Washing-
ton county, Oregon, was born in Hllnois, Feb-
iMiary 14, 1827, and his father, Acil Franklin
IJall, was born in Vermont, 1793, the fauuly
having been early settlers of that State. Ho
married Rebecca Ellis, a native of Tennessee.
They resided in Fulton county, Hlinois, and had
a family of seven children. Mr. Ball's mother
died in 1838, and his father in 1858. The
father of our subject had married a second time,
but Isaac was the second child of the first mar-
riage. In 1846 he left the parental roof and
started out in the world for himself.

The first employment of the young seeker
after fame and fortune was in farming and later
at carpenter work, but neither promised enough
success to warrant his remaining in his old home
locality. Hence in 1852 he started for Oregon,
and arrived in Portland, September 12, 1862,
from which place he went on to Oregon City,
and there enf.;'aged in work in a saw nill. Later
he managed ;he ferry tor Dr. John McLoughlin
durii.g the winter, and continued thus employed
until spring, when he went to the mines in
southern Oregon, when the Rogue river war
was it> progress; but in the fall he went to
California, and spent that winter at Forbestown
on the Yuba river. After one year in Califor-
nia he returned to Oregon, and in the fall of 1854
took his donation claim of 160 acres of land.
At this time the Indian war broke out, and he
enlisted in 1855, furnishing his own horse and
equipage. His enlistment was in Company D,
First Regiment Oregon Mounted Volunteers,
and he participated in all the dangers and hard-
ships of that time. J'art of the time it was
possible to get meat, but it had to be eaten

508

HISTORY OF OREGON.

■& :! i

: f

\ I

without salt, but later it was impossible to get
anything but horFi; or mulo meat, ami our
subject was not Frcnchuian enough to relish
this.

After the war Mr. Hall returned, and June 8,
185t), he married .Miss Marifaret E. F,obi)ins, a
native of Indiana, and daughter of William
liobbins. They crossed the plains in 1852.
After marriage Mr. Ball worked at his trade,
and gradually improved his farm. A family of
ten children were born to him and wife, and
eight of theses are yet living. Sarah .lane mar-
ried Join. L. Reynold, and now resides with her
father; Charles Edwin now resides in eastern
Oregon, and is in the business of raising; horses;
Emma, married Joseph Lavery, and they are
farmers near Centralia, Washington; Vivian M.
married James House, and died at the age of
twenty -one leaving one child; Franklin resides
in Whitman county; Maggie married David
Turner and they reside in Columbia county;
Sara V. died in her nineteenth year; Daisy mar-
ried 15ehm Wliitniore, and resides in Walla
Walla county; and Dow is at home with his
father as also is the youngest, Bessie.

;Mr. Ball has been a vigorous Repnblican
since the organization of the party, and has been
elected County Commissioner and has served
for four years. lie has been Justice of the
Peace for eight years, and has never had one of
his decisions reversed. His record for justaud
unbiased rulings is creditable in the extreme,
and his fellow-citizens feel that in him they
have found the right man for the riglit place.
Ill educational affairs in his district he has
taken a deep interest, and for the past thirty
years he has served his district as school clerk
or director. He was a Good Templar for many
years, being a strong temperance num, and he is
one of the most respected of the early Oregon
pioneers.

|ILLIAM M. KILLINGSAVORTIl, one
of tluf most enterprising capitalists of
l*-^!ri Portland, was born in Springfield, Mis-
souri, September 16, 1850.

His parents, John and Eliza (Shields) Kil-
lingsworth, natives of Tennessee, emigrated to
Missouri in 1850, and in that State were engaged
in farming two years. In the spring of 1852
he gathered together their worldly possessions,

purchased two yoke of oxen, a covered wagon
and necessary outfit, and started across the plains.
After some ten days of travel, they learned of the
terrible ravages of cholera upon the plains, and
returned to Missouri. In the spring of 1853
they again set forth, and, after usiuil hardships
of travel in those days, successfully accom-
plished the long journey and arrived safe in
Oregon City. Mr. Ivillingsworth jiroceeded up
the valley, looking for a homestead, and finally
settled on 320 acres at- the head of the valley,
near Eugene City, and there lived and farmed
three years. lie then moved to Eugene City,
and opened the Star Bakery, and in connection
with It operated a general family grocery.

William M. was educated at Eugene City,
good schools being an early feature of that
place. When he grew up he engaged in busi-
ness with his father, and continued with him
fifteen years. .In 1882 they sold out and tlie
father removed to Dayton, Washington, wdiere
he was engaged in merchandising and the stock
business until his death. William M. removed
to Portland in 1382. With personal knowledge
of the advantages and resources of Oregon, and
firm faith in the future greatness of Portland,
he boldly invested all that he had in property
lying between the Willamette and Columhia
rivers, the country covered with timber, logs
and brush. This purchase was contrary to the
advice of his friends, but he was (convinced that
I'ortlai'.d would extend hei' borders to the Co-
lumbia river, and he was willing to wait and
s('cure the prize. He at once engaged in the
real-estate business, and devoted his energies
and enthusiasm to the sale of property between
the rivers. He has the credit of doing more to
develop the Peninsula than any other one man.
He has opened up and sold North Albina,
Lincoln Park, (Central (Vlbina, Clifford Tract,
Megley Highland, Sober, Tract, Killingsworth,
and is now devoting his energies to Point View.
He takes pride in the fact that no man ban in-
vested a dollar with him without reaping a re-
turn of many fold.

Air. Killingsworth was married at Portland,
in 187t5, to Miss Dora Simpson, daughter of
Hon. Ben Simpson, who crossed the plains and
settled in Oregon, in 1845. This union has
been blessed with five children: Maunie G.,
Annie F., Alice B., William G. and Lou C.
The family reside at the station called Killings-
worth, where Mr. Killingsworth has erected a
commodious and hantlsouie house, costing $15,-

HItiTORY OF OHEGON.

60!)

000, within an inclot!ure of ten acres, which ho
lias reclaimed from tiie pi'iineval forest.

He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and has
filled all the chairs in hoth the Subordinate
Lodge and Encampment. While he has never
eonght public office, lie was appointed by the
Legislature of IS'Jl, as a member of the Com-
mission of the port of Portland — a commission
intrusted with the expenditure of $500,000 for
deepening the river channel from Portland to
the sea.

Mr. Killingswortli takes jnst pride in the fact
that his successes are all due to personal judg-
ment and persevering effort, unaided by out-
side influence or financial support. His word
lias ever been as good as his bond, and he is a
strong believer in the golden rule.

^LMORAN HILL.— Our subject is one of
the few brave Oregonian j)ioneers still in
the land ot the living, who made settle-
ment here in 1843. He was born in Chariton
county, Missouri, December 26, 1822, the son
of Wright Hill, a native of South Carolina, who
was married to Frances Christian, wlio bore him
fourteen children, seven of whom, as far as is
known, are living. Our subject was their third
child and eldest son; and when the family re-
moved to St. Clair county, Missouri, in 1836,
lie was bound out to Mr. Jesse Applegate, witli
the explicit agreement that he was to be reared,
educi-ted and taught the mercantile business.
Not being afforded the schooling he expected,
he went home and was permitted to go to
school four months, which is about all the edu-
cation he ever received from school teachers. He
was jiist nineteen years and seven months old,
when, July 4, 1841, he married Miss Sarah
Jane Reed, a native of Indianapolis, born Janu-
ary 26, 1823, being seventeen vears and seven
months old; or seven months younger than her
husband when they were married. She was the
daughter of Joseph C. Reed.

Mr. and Mrs. Hill have passed through many
sore trials and hardships since their marriage,
fourteen children have been born to them; and
they have passed the tiftiet'h anniversary of that
occasion; yet, withal, they have had their share
of peace and happiness, too, and now they pos-
sess their mental faculties unimpaired and have
quite good health. Mr. Hill farmed for two

years after his marriage; then, in 184u, in com-
])aMy with Jesse Applegate and others, he
startcfd on the periloii.s journey across the plains
with oxen, Mr. Applegate being captain of the
company, and he also supplying Air. Hill and
others with their outfits. On the Osage river
the lirst-born of Mr. and Mrs. Hill dieil, and
was buried there. The journey was a successful
one; and gratifying because this was the first
wagon train to come through for Fort Hull, and
the party had to make its own roads. — some-
times in the bed of the river, sometimes along
the banks of the stream and then over the
steps, the men preventing the wagons from
overturning by holding to ropes made fast to
the wagon bodies, as they backed them down
the steep places.

A second child was born to our subject and
Ills wife at Burnt river, September 27, 1843;
that babe being now Mrs. Diantha Jenkins, re-
siding at Aquina. Peter II. I'urnett was with
this party and at the South Platte, Dr. Whitman
met ifaiid gave directions as to the best route
to lake, his assistance proving most timely and
valuable. The party remained at Walla Walla
three weeks, making three skiffs and a batteau,
with which to make the passage down the river.
The lumber for the boats was sawed, Mr. Hill
being the top eawyer. At Walla Walla Mc-
Kinley was the chief factor, and the members of
the party traded him the cattle, for which they
were to receive Spanish ones in the valley; but
it turned out otherwise, and when they reached
Vancouver they complained to Dr. McLoughlin,
who said: -'Tut, tut! You can't use these wild
cattle. We will winter them for $1.50 per
head, and you can have yourown in the spring."
The Doctor sold them supplies on credit, to
be paid in wheat when they raised it, and was
very kind in many other ways. Hard indeed
would have been their lot had it not been for
the good doctor; for the poor fellows were al-
most destitute when they reached him.

Mr. Hill proceeded direct to Washington
county and settled upon what is now known as
the HalleU place. He was one of the very earliest
settlers in tliat part of the county, his nearest
neighbors being from six to ten miles away,
Sydney Smith being one, and Alvin T. Smith
another. Mr. and Mrs. II ill began life in a
little log house without any floor, and had very
little to use in housekeeping, the most precious
thing being a little pot, in which they boiled and
roasted and baked, — in fact, did all their cook-

<*v

■•■;«

l:il

4 :i'
1 ''

r,io

UISTORT OF OREQON.

\\\^ ill it ftiid tlieir washin}», too, and tliey ntti
I'roiii it after tlie food was cooiied. It liad
served all these purposes all the way aeross the
plains, and they yet have it, a preeions relic,, in
frtirly f^ood preservation, of those trying times
of 184H. After residing iijwn the farm named,
for eigliteen months, they sold it for 400 hiiHli-
els of wheat, that being the currency of the
country in those days, and took the farm now
occupied, two and one-half miles east and south
of the otiier. Ujx>n it they Imilt a log house
and moved into it March 15, 1845. Mr. Ilill
inclosed a small tield and sowed and planted,
later assisting in sawinj;; the lumber for the mill
on (lales creek. The third child waH born !«•
fore they had a floor t(» their house; but they
soon had a good hewed log house, in which they
were both comfortable and happy. Mrs. Hill
says they were a year and a half in Oregon
before there was another white woman in
her house. During the Cayuse war M . Hill
volunteered, but before reaching the front, ti-
dings came that the command he was with was
not nuede<l. He was a fine shot and one of the
ino.st succeesful hunters among all the Oregon
pioneers. When it seemed they would he shut
off he put his faith in his trusty rifle and feared
not. Many deer, panthers and boars have fallen
a prey to his unerring rifle. Indians were plen-
tiful about him; but he got along with them
very nicely, learning their language and making
friends with them. Their tongue is still very
familiar, and it is amusing to hear the old gen-
tleman rattle it off at a two-four gait, to his own
gratification. One day an Indian came to his
house with the determination to kill him, be-
cause of some real or fancied injury received at
somebody's hands, lie brandished a huge knife
and preKeiited a ferocious ap[xmrance to Mr.
Hill, who was upon the roof of the ho\i8e when
the Indian entered the yard. His mind acting
(jnickly, Mr. Hill sprang from the ro^f with the
intention of getting hold of an ax that lay upon
the ground; but the wily savage forestalled him,
by 8topj)ing between him and the ax, threaten-
ing him with the glittering blade in his hand.
Mr. Hill stood undaunted before the red man,
and flashed his sharp gray eye in wrath. Be-
neath its steady, dangerous gleam, the savage
became cowed, and after a few moments slunk
away. S|)eaking of the occurrence Mr. Hill
said, " I could have killed him. but I didn't."
This is but one of many perils through which
cur subject passed.

In 18()0 the hewed log iiousu gave way to one
of frame, a somewhat pretentious residence, in
which the worthy pioneer couple have lived ever
since in great comfort, and with probably as
great share of happiness as falls to mankind
any where. Of their fourteen children the fol-
lowing are living: Francis M. is iniirried and
resides near his parents; Margaret, wife of
William O. Campbell, and Ivryphena, wife of
Edward Mooney, reside at I'endleton; Hannah,
wife of Herbert Cowles, lives in the Yam Hill
country; Sarah Jane, wife of eJolin Urisbaii,
lives in North Yam Hill; Almoran Lincoln is
marrie<l and lives on the home farm; Diantlia,
the oldest, is the wife of Mr. Jenkins and living
at Aquina; besides the following are dead:
Narcissa, when eighteen; Mary Ann, when
twenty-two; Ulysses Orant, when fourteen;
Wilson Howlby die<l in infancy; Amanda and
Neta Caroline. As the names of the children
indicate, Mr. Hill is a Union man and a Hcpub-
lican. Indeed, he is ardently devoted to the
one and an enthusiastic suj'porter of the other.
Ever since the birth of the Republican party he
has followed unswervingly its leaders and has
done no small part in his community to
strengthen its forces. He has Ixjen a Mason for
forty years, having l>een made one at Ilills-
boro, and was one of the charter members
of Holbrook Lodge at Forest Grove. Mr. Hill
has vivid recollection of the pioneer days that
would supply data for a very large book of
stirring scenes and great [)erils in the early
times. He and his estimable wife are known
and liiglily esteemed by all the old pioneers of
the State, as well as by the younger generation,
who love them for their sociable and hospitable
ways and for their gentle, kind and considerate
natures. ■• ,

EOIIGE N. FUAZEK, proprietor of the
Eugene Iron Works, was born in Hrock-
port, Monroe county. New York, in 1851,
a son of James Scott and Sarah Ann (Ken-
worthy) Frazic The parents were natives of
Oldham, England, and the father was a molder
by trade. Emigrating to America they located
in Monroe county, New York, where ifr. Frazer
built a foundry; he also operated a stove store
and butcher shop, which enterprises were the
beginning of the town of Brockport. He con-

inaroiir of ouegon.

Sll

tinned in biisineHH there until 1858, wlien, on hc-
ooiint of rovoives, lie sold out anil ronioveil to
San Francisco. In tliiB city lie followed liis trade,
with some mining specnlationn until 1870, and
then moved to I'ortland, Orejfon; he was acci-
dentally drowned in the fall of 1872.

The education onieorge N. Frazer was very
limited, as at tlio ago of twelve years he began
learning the tradohis father had followed through
life, lie served his apprenticeship in the old
San Francisco Iron Works and in the old Oregon
ironworks. Inl871heand his fatiier rented the
Ea^^le Iron Works at Portland, and their first con-
tract was for the iron work for the Clnekamas
river railroad bridge below Oregon ('ity. Our
subject afterward establisheil the Pioneer lirass
Foundry in Portland, which was destroyed in the
great lire. After this calamity he formed a
partnership with W.J. Zimmerman, and they
put in operation the iron works, and in 1875,
removed to Ashland; here they operated a foun-
dry until 1879, removing in that year to Rose-
burg. In 1880 Mr. Frazer disposed of his in-
terests in the liusiness, and went to h)ngene,
where in partnership with J. C. Long he started
the p]ugene Iron Works; at the end of the first
year Mr. Ix)ng retired, and Mr. FVa/er has since
conducted the busincBs alone. The factory is
well equipped with all the .modern machinery
necessary for the most delicate casting to those
of Ki.\ thousands pounds in weight. There are
no foundries south of Eugene, consequently tlio
patronage is drawn from a wide territory.

Mr. Frazer was married in Ashland in 1877,
to Miss Ella E. Jackson, a native of California.
Two children have been born to them: George
N. Jr., and Arthur L. J. The family reside on
Fifth street, between Olive and Charmelton
streets, where they have a pleasant home. Mr.
Frazer owns other valuable town property. He
is a member of the I. O. O. F., and has a host of
friends in both business and social circles.

L. WILMOT, a resident of Springfield,
Lane county, Oregon, was born in Cas-
' » well county, North Carolina, May 10,
1834, a son of Miles G. and Adelitha (Hall)
Wilmot, who were natives of the same State.
In 1835 the father emigrated to Lincoln county,
Kentucky, and purchased 500 acres of land.
Onr subject lived at home until he was thirteen

years of age, and then started out to meet the
re8i)onRiliilities of lite. He went to Illinois, atid
was engaged in farm mid other work until 1852,
when he joined n jmrty of forty, and crossed the
plains to California; he mined in Placer county
until the fall of 1854, when ho decided to return
to the East, lie went to San Francisco, and
taking passage on the Yankee Hlach' was in the
disasteroil Point (Joneeption, in which 300 of
the 1,300 passengers were lost; he was res(!ned,
l)Ut .^5,000 in golil and all hi.-i personal effects
went to the bottom of the sea. lie was taken to
San Francisco by the steamer Goliath, and again
engaged in mining; this did not prove a success,
so he returned to San Francisco from the Kern
river mines, and after working a short time on
Mare island, he shipped upon the clipper West-
ward llo for China; returning to Callao he
ship|)ed on a Peruvian liark for a year, and at
Valparaiso on the Flying Dutchman for Haiti-
more; from this city he returned to Kentucky
and went f.'om that State to Illinois.

He was married at Mechanicsburg in Novem-
ber, 1858. to Miss Mary M. Eckle, and in the
spring of 1859 they settled in Hourbon county,
Kansas; there Mr. Wilmot followed farming
until 1861, when he enlisted in the Sixth Kan-
sas Volunteer Infantry. He participated in the
engagements at Osage, Dry Woods and was in
many hot skirmishes. Through the consolida-
tion of regiments he was mustered out at Wy-
andotte, Kansas, and returned to his home; he
resumed his farming operations, which he con-
tinued until 1804, when he once again crossed
the plains, his objective point being settlement
in Oregon. P^orty miles west of Fort Laramie
they had twenty-one horses stolen by the In-
dians,, and a spirited engagement followed, in
which three of the little band were killed, and
many of the others wounded. Mr. Wilmot re-
ceived ten arrows in his body, and became sep-
arated from his companions. He was taken up
by another train, and was kindly cared for until
restored to his family and friends. In the sum-
mer of 1805 he crossed the Cascade mountains,
and entered the Willamette valley, arriving in ■
Springfield. In 1866 he pre-empted a home-
stead, and bought 520 acres of land on Fall
creek, where he farmed until 1871. He then
sold out and removed to Springfield, where he
bought property and a small farm adjoining the
town. He secured a Government contract for
carrying mail, which he held for eight years. In
the spring of 1889 he was appointed Postmaster

513

UI8T0UY OF OHKaON.

i!;|t:

% :.-!

of Springfield, HBBiitniiig tlie duties of tlie office
tlie 1st of July; lie litul n jfrocery ntore in con-
neetion, mid later n ilruf; business wliicli lie eon-
ducted until .lanniiry, 181)2. \\v tlien sold out
liis stock, und the following April resigned the
office.

Mr.-*. Wilniot died in 1888, leaving no chil-
dren, lie was nnirried a second time, June 27,
18S!», toMiss Klizabeth J. Churchill, p cla,.f;hter
of Lewis Clmrcliill, a |)ionecr of 1853. Our
subject tilled the office of Justice of the Peace
for several years, but has taken little interest in
political affairs. He is a uieinber of the Masonic
order. lie has always been faithful in the dis-
charge of his duties, and is one of the honored
and veepected citizens of the State.

•-t^

fUEDKIUCK BIG KEL.— Though of for-
eign birth and parentage, the subject of
*^ this sketch was no less imbued with the
spirit of progress and development, which in so
marked and known degree has characterized
the pioneers of Oregon. Frederick Hickel was
born in llessen, Germany, May 21, 1832, his
ancestry having been residents of that locality
for generations, and engaged as farmers and
mechanics. In 1840 young Bifkel with his par-
ents emigrated to the United States and settled
in Missouri, where his father engaged in me-
chanical work and our subject was appointed to
be under tUe care of George l>aum, a leading
confectioner of that city (St. Louis), to learn the
trade of confectioner, receiving for his services
thr^e dollars per month and board during the
tiiBt year, four dollars the second year, and six
dollars the third, but during that year Mr.
George liaum died with cholera, which was then
epiilenilc in St. liouis, and the business was con-
tinued by Mr. Frank Dekum, (now of Portland,
Oregon,) with whom our subject continued un-
til 1851, and then they together started to cross
the plains, when they changed their minds and
decided to go to California by the steamer to
Chagres, thence across to Panama, and not hav-
ing through tickets they took a sailing vessel
for San I'Vancisco, which being overloaded, un-
seaworthy and short of provisions, having 350
passengers on board they had to run in at Aca-
pnlco, and then left the ship. They then se-
cured passage on the steamer "Golden Gate,"

and duly arrived at their destination in May,
1852.

Mr. liickel then began work at his trade, and
after a few months went to Shasta C'ity, where
he worked for wages until May 1853, when the
city was destroyed by lire, ifaving received u
letter from Mr. Dekum to come to Portland,
Mr. liickel returned to San Francisco, gathered
together necessary utensils for the confectionery
business, and by the steamer "Columbia,"
started for Portlaml. Upon his arrival, a part-
nership was formed with Mr. I)ekum and they
piirebased a small bakery, and engaged at once
in the confectionery and bakery business. In
1854 they built their first business house, on
Front near Alder.

In 1855 Mr. liickel enlisted in (Jompany A,
Oregon Volunteers, and engaged in the Indian
wars of eastern Oretjon and Washint'ton, which
was quite extended and embraced all the tribes
of the Northwest. He was in the battle of
Walla Walhi. which lasted four days, where the
Indian chief, Pu Pu Mox Mox was killed and
the tribes scattered. In the spring of 1856 the
company was dischared and our subject re-
turned home and resumed business.

In 185(5 the firm set up the first soda water
fountain in Portland and did a fine business dur-
ing the heated months, continuing tlie restaurant
ami oyster business during the winter months.
Needing increased facilities, in 1859 Mr. De-
kum put a larger buildin.^ on First street, be-
tween Washington and Stark, and there they
remained until 1871, when the building was re-
iroved to First street, lietween Stark and Oak,
where the business was continued in manufac-
turing only, gelling at retail in the city and
wholesale throughout the Northwest. The firm
continueil as manufacturers until 1880, when
our 8ubjec:t purchased the interest of Mr. De-
kiim, who retireii from the firm. Mr. Hickel
then continued the business until 1883, when
he sold out to Messrs. Bernheim & Manner,
who are still tnanufacturiiig.

In 1883 Mr. Rickel built his commodiouB
warehouse on the corner of North Front and C
streets, 80 x 100 feet, four stories and base-
ment, part of which is occupieii for storage
furposes and the balance as business property,
n 1860 he built the New York hotel, on the
corner of B and Front streets and has been
much engaged in building residence property,

Jf '.

HlsrORY Oh' OHBdON.

nni

liiiKJdes many busineis houses, all of which ho

Htill UWIIB.

lln wiiH marriod in I'ortlmitl, in 18*34, to
Ciitherino KurUkinil, a native of Illinois an<l
niece of Mr. Krank Di^kuin. They have had
five children, iiainnly: Caroline V., (}(ior<^(' I,..
Louisa M., Albert Frank and Fniderick. Mr.
nickel liiis been a close follower of busitiess.
He is a Republican in politics, but has only ex-
ercised his rijjht as a citizen to the exirnt of
castin;^ his vote and paying his taxo>. Hnsiness
inti!i "stsanil family ties have been tli,' jroverning
influences of his lite and to these he has l)een
equally faithful. Hy hablN of industry, inte(f-
rity and persevei .ince he is now in the enjoy-
ment of a fine family and a handsome compe-
tency.

i^B^

*^.

Ill AULKS IIKGELK represents one of the
oldest crockery and glass stores of I'ort-
land, and as one of the prominent business
men of the city it is appropriate that some per-
sonal mention of him should be made in this
work.

Charles Ilegele was born in the Kingdom of
Wurtemberji;, Germany, in 1835. His ancestors
were distinguished as students and clergyman.
One uncle was a missionary to t'le (rerman
Lutheran Church of Africa about 1826. His
father was an instructor in the schools of Wnr-
temberg. Charles was educated in his native
country and there served an apprenticeship of
four years to the general merchandise business.
In 1854 he emigrated to Now York lity and
tiiere secured a clerkship. He remained in
that city until 1859. That year he embarked
from New York to San Francisco, coming via
the Isthmus of Panama, and on his arrival in
that port was variously employed until 1802,
when he went to Victoria, Hritish Columbia.
In 1868 he came to Portland. The copart-
nership of Alisky & Ilegele was then organized
and they opened a small confectionery and
also manufactured candy in limited quantities.
In 1871 they increased their facilities and
conducted a wholesale business throughout
the Northwest. This was continued until 1882,
when Mr. Hegele disposed of his interest in
the establishment and made a trip to Europe,
visiting ohl friends and associates. Returning
to Portland in the spring of 1883, be then

formed a copartnership with L. !'. R. LeCornpte,
who was thoroiij^hly familiar with the crockery
and ; lass business, and with him cstabliMlied
tln» Well-known house of Clias. Ilegele tV Com-
pany.

Tlie nucleus of the present business was
ciganized in a r^iniill rt^iiil trade i" the early
'608 by the lirm of Crandall & I'owle. who
engaged chiefly in the sale of oils and lamps.
They were succeeded in 1864 by Ilayward,
(/oleman & ('omj)any, who were succeeded by
Jackson, Saiulerson & Company. In 1870 the
retirement of Mr. Sanderson again caused a
change in the Arm name and it became W.
Jackson & Company. The business was then
iiicreased in order to keen pace with the
growth and development of the city, and was
continued under that name until 1883, when
the est- 'lislnnent was sold to the present pro-
prietor.- . Sine* 1865 the business lias iKsen lo-
cated in the pn'peiit lu iility, although upon the
opposite corner, until the jiresent firm removed
t<t its increased qnarter- at 53 and 55 Front
street, where it orfupn-s the entire Kamm
building, 40 X KM) feet, four stories and base-
ment. Their stock embraces crockery, glass
ware, lamps, plated ware and French china, all
of which is imported from Eastern and Euro-
pean manufacturers. They were formerly agents
for the Peoria stoneware of Illinois, but with
the retirement of that firm from bii>iiiess in
1890 Mr. Ilegele organized the Pacific Pottery
Company, which located its factory at North
Portland, and of which lompany Mr. Ilegele
was elected president. Since then they hav-
made an extensive and expensive series of ex-
periments, combining clays from all localities
until they have succeeded in manufacturing a
stoneware unsurpassed by any factory in the
United States.

Mr. Hegele was married in San Francisco, in
1870, to Miss Augusta ilildehrand, daughter
of G. W. Ilildehrand, a pioneer of 1857, who
conducted a private school for many years. Mr.
and Mrs. Hegele have two children, Her-
bert W. and Hilda E.

He is a member of the I. O. (). F. With
many importment enterprises he has been prom-
inently connected. He was one of the first
gold miners in Alaska and was one of the or-
ganizers of the Alaska Gold and Silver Mining
Company. He was a stockholder of the flrst
Mechanic's Fair, the first Telephone Company,
and the Linnton- Portland Smelting and Kefin-

ftU

murouY or uueoun.

iii^ ('(iiii|iaiiy- III slici't, cvory eiitcr|ii-isi^ ttMid-
iii;r til |iroiiii)tc till' growlli and (Ifvi'lopineiit of
his adopted city tjiidn in liiiii un ciirnest »ii|>-
jiorlur.

\PTA1N J. (i. IlllSTLKU, the oldest

i^iiii; |)ii(it of the (Ji)liiini)ia river hiir,

will* iiorn ill New Vori< city in 18ljt). His
tiitlit'r. .lackson Hustler, was a native of Imi-
inland, and was a scalariiij^ man, who was cap-
tain of the tiist pacfci't ship from New York to
Liverpool in 18 1 ^. lie followed the sea iip-
wanl of twenty-live years. IIIb wife, iiridget
Kelly, Was a native of Ireland, and they were
married in iNew York city.

J, Ci. Ihistler was edneated in the schools of
New York city, until the aj^e of thirteen years,
when he was iipprtiiticed upon the school slii|)
North Carcdiiui, and later transferred to the old
ship Independence, where he continned the
stndicB jiertainin^ to nautical life as a midship-
man, and he was then placed npon the ship of
war I'rclilc, and made a cruise to the coast of
Africa. While lyinj; in the river Gainiiia the
crew were attackeil with African fevei', and ll'J
of I'A'Z men on hoard succumhed to the terrible
disease, several otKcers beinij of the nundier.
Working the ship to rort I'raya, Cape I)e
Verde island, a hue ^ra\evard was ari'anf^ed,
and there many of the decensed were buried,
others beino; coiisij^ned to the dee]) before their
ariival. They lay at Port I'raya for three
months without seeing a sold, as the inhab-
itants were afraid to come near. They were at
last discovered by Commodore Perry, of the
frigate Macedonian, and a crew was su[)[)lied,
and the atiiieted sailors were returned to New
York, where they landed in the fall of 1844,
and were then discharged.

Our subject then retired from the navy, and
after recuperatinj^, engaged as pilot out of New
York harbor, and was an able seaman up to
1848. lie then joined a company of forty-one
men, and purchased the brif^ Sarah McFarland,
fitted her out with mining siijjplies, and n|)on
.lanuary 7, 184t>, set sail for California, the El
Dorado of the West. Rounding Ca])e Horn,
the voyage was successfully accomplished, and
they landed in 8an Francisco in September.
The company then broke up, sold the brig, and
our subject started for the mines at Mokelumne

Hill, and was very sncceHsful, liut was taken
sick, and in November he returned to San Fran-
cisco. There he met Captain ilohn White, an
old New York pilot, and t.)gether they came to
Astoria on the schooner Mary Taylor, and an-
chored otT the town Dticember 25, 1841). They
at once Itegan piloting olf the bar, using tho
Mary Taylor as a ])ilot boat. Together tlioy
continued up to 1852, when the Hoard of I'ilot
(Jomiuissioners was organ i/.e<l, and Captain Hust-
ler received the first "liranch." A "branch"
had been previously given to (!aptain White,
by the (iovernor of Oregon. (Japiain Hustler
continued as pilot up to J851t, when through
sickness he was obliged to retire. He then en-
gaged in general merchandise and ship chan-
dlery, continuing until 18(58. After the com-
pletion of the .Main struct wharf in 1871, by
Iteii H(dladay, Captain Hustler was appointed
wharf manager, and has tilled the position until
the pittseiit date. He, owns valuable city prop-
erty in Astoria, besides acre property on tlio
Lewis, Clark and Young rivers. He wan one of
the founders of the Astoria Iron Works iu
1881, and has for several years held the otlicus
of secretary and treasurer.

He was nuirried at Astoria, in May, 1852, to
Mi.ts Eliza Mclvean, daughter of Samuel T.
McKean, an Oregon pioneer of 1847. This
union has been blessed with two children:
Mary C, and Maggie, who became the wife of
U. M. Sneddon, bu*- is now deceased. Captain
Hustler lias been a member of the F. & A. M.
since 1854. In 18(54 he was elected Clerk of
Clatsop county for four years, and has been
school clerk for thirty years.

Thus is briefly jKirtrayed the Mfe of one of
Astoria's early and prominent pioneers, wh'.;
has been a factor in the growth of the city, an«l
now lives in the enjoyment of her greatness.

fAlTAIN HI HAM MItOWN, favorably
known among the early pilots of the Co-
lumbia river, was born in Cayuga county,
New York, December 14, 1823. His parents,
Shcniian and Polly (Odgen) Brown, were natives
of the same locality. The former was a tanner
and shoo manufacturer, and foi'owed his trade
in the States of New York, Illii.')is and 'Mis-
souri.

Our subject improved the edu&itional ad-

muToitr uh' oufcfioif.

515

vanta^R oiTereil him in those early days, and
remained with hiH pan^nttt until the ago of
HOvenU'on, when he Htnick out for nelf-Hupnort,
and at intorvaJH folluwud tttuunilioatin^ on thi<
iMistioiiri and MiH8iHHi|ipi rivers, with occaxioiutl
engageiiiunts in Hawniills or Inniherinj^ in-
tertwtH.

In 184:9 lie joined a small company at Quincy,
Illinois, and with one wa^on and four yoke of
oxen crossed the plains to (lalitbrniu, iiniking
the trip in four months and ten dayn. He en-
gageil in mining in (trasn valley, which he fol-
lowed ahout (me year with ^ood success, but
tiring of the occupation and life, he went to
8an Francisco and there einliarked on the old
»iile- wheel wtecnship California, for Oregon.
After wai*^',ij( three days off the t!olainbia Itar
fur a ))ilot, the cajttain sailed in and landed in
Astoria, 8epteinl)er 1, 1850.

Mr. Brown came to Oregon to see the coun-
try, lint finding occupation in the building of a
sawmill on Tonane 1 oint, iti which mill he was
oll'ered the position of head sawyer, he was in-
duced to remain. Subsequently he began work-
ing on the river steamboats as a common hand,
and thus became familiar with river navij^a-
tion. In 1854 he secured a certificate to act as
pilot between Astoria and Portland, com-
mencing with sailinj;; vessels. In 1857 he be-
gan piloting the steamboats of the opposition
line of "Bully" Wright, his first service being
upon the Brother ■lonatlmn. With the transfer
of this line to the Union I'acific Company, (Jap-
tain Brown remained with that com[)any until
his retirement, October 31, 1889.

In addition to his steainboating, he was en-
gaged in other enterprises. From 1857 to
1S()3 he was engaged m mercantile pursuits
with A. Van Di.ocii, a.id then formed a part-
nership with C. Leinenweber, and the firm
built tne Hemlock Tannery, which was operated
until the death of Mr. Leinenweber, in 1889.
In 1874 they were interested with others in
building ti..' first cannery in Astoria, which was
operated u ider the name of BadoUet & Co.
Our subject also owned canneries at Tillamook
and Nestucca, and conducted an extensive
salmon -caiming business until the close of the
season of 1889. Captain Brown has also pur-
chased various landed interests around Astoria,
Portland and Vancouver.

Our subject was married in Quincy, Illinois,
in 1846, to Miss Annie Durfee, who died Au-
gust 2, 1849, leaving one son, Horace, who was

drowned at Astoria, June 11, 1880. (/aptain
Brown foutid his second wife at Astoria, in
Miss Ksther Stephens, to whom ho was married
in IHott. ('aptain and Mrs. Brown have had
four children, namely: .\nnic, now Mrr^. C 11.
I'age; Ida. now Mrs. ,1. K. Thomas; (Jliarli^s S.
and Hi ram K.

The Captain built his residence in upper As-
toria in 1859, which was subsecjuently removed
on scows and hauled to its present loc-ation,
No. 581 \t all street, then remodeleii and im-
jiroved. Among his other property interests
('aptain Brown still owns the water front upon
which lie first landed in 1850. He is I'ast
Master of Tem])le i.(»dge. No. 7, A. K. ife \. M..
and is highly esteemed by the conservativo
business men of Astoria.

•■'^^

•^^-

§ON JOHN W. COWLES, a well-known
and influential citizen of McMiniiville,
Oregon, was born in Onondaga county,
New York, on November 3, 1823. His father,
Cyrus Cowles, was a native of New York, while
his grandfather, Adonijah Cowle.-i, was born in
Massachusetts, Their ancestors were early set-
tlers of Massachusetts, and grandfather (!owles
fought in the Revolutionary war on the side of
the colonies. Mr. Cowles' father married Miss
Ilaohel White, a native of New Y'^ork. Her

1)eople also were early settlers of .Massachusetts.
ler grandmother was a Knox. The White
family were Methodists and the ('owles were
promiiient members of the iMasonic fraternity.
His parents had five children, three of whom
are living.

Our subject was reared in his native State
and attended school at the De Ueuter Institute
and the Pompey Hill Academy. After leaving
school he became a teacher, removing in 1840,
to Ohio, where he continued to teach and also
to do farming. He next resided in Wisconsin,
where he remained for five years, when, in the
spring of 1852, he crossed the plains to Cali-
fornia and engaged in mining near Placerville,
where he was quite successful, but on account of
failing health was obliged to discontinue min-
ing. He then came to Portland, Oregon, where
he sought employment until his funds were re-
duced to $2.50. He then secured a school in
Yam Hill county, six miles north of McMinn-
ville. One day, before lie had found employ-

510

IllbTOUY OF (JllKdON.

I I'

' I

r.!

iMfiit, 111' Will- wiilkiiijj; along in tlic liiiii, feeling
very iiiiicli (lejireHscd, ami oUferving Zcbedee
Shclddii ill liis yard, Mr. Cowlfs iihiied liiiii for
\M)rl<. Oil luariiiiiir that our miiyeet wan a
teacher, Mr. Sheldon said. "1 liave .-i.x cliihlreii,
I will give you ^\() for laeli lor tliiee months'
t-cliooli';g." ()veijoye<l, Mr. CJowleK aceeptcd
the l<:iid uii'er, which was iiidci^d a windfall to
him. Bill, alas, lor his fond liopesi Mr. iShel-
don had leckoned witli<int his host, or latlier,
without his wife, who, on coiibultation, decided
not Id have the children taught.

Mr. Cowles then olfercd to stay and teach a
few days for his hoard until the rain suhsided.
After he hud coinnujiiced to teach they decided
he might stay. Two of the hoys whom he
taught that winti^r are now physicians, one lo-
cated at Eugene t'ity, the other at Salem. Af-
ter teaching for three months he secured a
school, which he tniight for two years ami a
half. The schoolliouse was two miles and
a half from McMinnville, but McMinnville was
then only a donation claim. The county was
sparsely settled and the scholars came on iiorse-
hack.

Ill 1S57 Mr. Oowles was elected (.bounty
Auditor, but was able to do the county busi-
ness and continue his teaching. He was Inter
elected (.-ounty Clerk, and was elected County
.ludge for two terms in succession. He was
then sent to the State Semite, lie hail become
a Republican on the organization of that party,
and it was at their first meeting that he was
nominated for Amlitor. He was, during the
war, a strong Union man. He continued to
rntain the position of Auditor until tlie State
Constitution was adopte<l, when he was elected
Clei'k. During the eight years he served as
County Judge he was engaged in farming three
miles northwest of McMinnville.

Ill 18t»4; he opened a mercantile establish-
iiioiitut McMinnville, in partnership with .lames
R. I»ean. After a year and a half in business
he returned to his farm, remaining there until
188h. He then assisted in orgs .'lizing the Mc-
Minnville National Dank, of which institution
he WHS elected I 'resident, which position he
still retains. His well-known reputation for
fidelity and unswerving integrity have contrib-
uted materially to the success of this banking
eut,er|)rise. wiiich has grown from small begin-
nings to Ih< one of the largest in the city. The
banking company own the building in which
thev transact business, which is one of the best

in the place. Mr. C'owles has aided in improv-
ing the city, having built several residences, as
well as assisting in the erection of the bank
bui'ding. The lirst dwelling house was built
in iSfJD, when there were very few people in
the place.

He was married in 18^1, to Mrs. Lucretia
Martin. They have had one child, Mary, who
died at the age of two and one-half years. Their
kindness of heart has been allowed to take prac-
tical shape in the rearing and education of sev-
eral children, not their own, only as we are all
members of the one large family of humanity.

Enterprising, public-spirited and possessing
superior linancial ability, combined with the
sterling virtues of honor and integrity, he has
established a desirable reputation among his
fellow-citizens, inspiring them with the utmost
regard for his worth, and exciting the aiiectioii
of a host of personal friends.

-f©©-N-=s^

?0]r\V. IvOSS, an Oregon pioneer of 1851,
was born in Woodbury, New Jersey, Sep-
tember 17, 1811. His parents, .lacob and
Elizabeth (Sparks) Ross, were natives of the
same State. They emigrated to Ohio, in 1810,
and in 1830 to Illinois, and were continuously
engaged in agricultural pursuits, .lob W. was
reared upon the farm and remained with his
parents until the age of twenty-one, when he
learned the carpenters' trade, w.hich he followed
at I'eoria, Illinois.

He was there married to Miss Mary Bowman
and in the spring of 1851, with two wagons
and seven yoke of o.'ien. he joined a little com-
pany of friends, and started to cross the plains,
with his wife and four children. Owing to the
\'\ix}\ water they fell behind the tide of emigra-
tion, and upon the Platte river they were cap-
tured by Pawnee and Omaha Indians, and de-
spoiled of provisions and camp equipments, and
when released were obliged to return to Iowa,
and pass the winter there. Mr. Ross occupied
his time that winter in hunting and trapping,
and in the s))ring of 1852 the little family
started out again, and this time, without un-
usual experiences, and after six months' time
they reached the Willamette valley. From that
lovely spot they journeyed to Astoria, where
they landed in November, and our subject be-
gan work at his useful trade, 'vl'lo liis helpful

UlarOHY OF nil Know

517

wife t'ligaged as cook in a hiinbcr camp, at S75
pur montli. So HuccesBt'ul was she at tills biisi-
iieMs of provi(iin<5 provisions ^liat, in a few
inontiia her iiushanii slurtcd a o,.:i 'dinj^ iuiust',
rented rooms and tiiiis continiu'' nntii 1.S55,
mMicm he liuilt a house and followed tin* biisinesH
for a niiiiiber of years, ably assisted by his wife.
In Iblill Mr. Uoss was one of a stock company
to ijiiiid "Liberty Hall,'' to be occupied by so-
cial, political and religio\is gatherings. This
was the first hall erected in the town, and has
been continuously managed by Mr. Koss, who
now owns a controlling interest of the stock.
i[r. and Mrs. Ross have Bi.\ children, namely:
Elizabeth, widow of Jacob ('oe, deceased; Mary
Ann, widow of Lyman Hall, deceased; William;
Surah, now Airs. iSicholas Clinton; (ieorge, and
Albert.

Mr. lioBs has not been in active business since
1865, except when he served as Deputy In-
spector in the Custom House Depiirtment for a
term of three years. He has a pleasant home,
overlooking the town, surrounded by well-kept
groiiiidfe, in which are a i\umber of choice
shrubs and plants, and here he employs his idle
nu)ment8, and watches with interest the growth
and development of his adopted city.

fOHN S. CLARK, although yet ;* young
man, is one of the oldest settlers of Union
county, Oregon. Hewasbor;;in whatisnow
known as Washington county, Oreguri Febru-
ary 4, 1848. llis father, Daniel Cla'-k, was
born in Ireland and was 'jrought to America
when but four years of age, and came to Oregon
in 1844, and married Miss Rerthian Herrin.
She was a native of Indiana who came to Ore-
gon with her parents in 1S45, and nnvrricd Mr.
Clark in 1847. He died in 1885 at the age of
sixty one, and she in 18(52 at the age of thirty-
two.

.lohnClark attended the public schools, and
when fitted entered Williunette College at Salem,
Oregon, and there com ple'eil his education. In
l8t)U ,Iohn started in life for himself, came to
(irande Ronde valley where he engaged in
farming and stock-raising. He continued in
this business for four years ai\d then went to
Cove and started there a numufactoring shop in
connection with a blacksmith, which grew into
an implement bi'siness, with a general mercan-

tile trade. In 1881 he sulTered the loss of his
right arm l)y having it caught in some of the
machinery of the manufactory, and being so
disali'ed by this accident that he (!ould not fur-
ther matnvge the business, then sold out and
look charge of I^'rank I'rothers large iniplenient
house, at LaCtraiule. As mnnagcr he cotitiniu'd
with that company until 1891. and then opened
a business of his own in grain and feed, buying
and selling, at which he continues at the pres-
ent time.

In the spring of 18i(2 he was nominated by
the Democratic party for C/'ounty Assessor, and
he was elected in ihine of the same year by a
majority of 780 votes over two other candidates,
in a Republican county and a vote of less than
3,500 which shows the exterVsivo acfpiaintance
and popularity he has in his county. He is an
energetic, pushing man ami notwithstanding his
misfortunes he has accumulated until he luis u
homo of his own, and is in a good busiu'^'ss.

The mairiage of Mr. Clark was celebrated in
October, 1870. with Miss Anna \i. Rees, ji
daughter of Willard II. and Aniatula Rees, nee
Hall. She was born in Marion county in 1852.
Mr. and Mrs. Clark have three children: Wil-
lard IL, Myrtle E., and Ijora. In his political
opinion.^ Mr. Clark has always aililiated with
the Democratic party.

^^(g:^^>;^

tOUIS G. ALTMAN, M, D.-Rrominent
among the leading physicians of the Home-
opathic school is tlie above mimed gentle-
man, a brief resume of whose life is as follows:

Dr. Altman is a native of the Buckeye State,
and dates his birth in Stark county, Augu.«t ID.
1852. His parents Solonia'i F. and l?arbara
((iilbert) Altman, were ('(•■th initives of Ohio,
tlie former of German, the latter of English
e.xtractioi.

In a family of five children the sul)ject of
this sketch was the first-born, and he received
his educatio!! in fhe public schools of his ini-
ti\e State, coinpleteing his course in the Otter-
bein University, in 1876. He then ta\ight
school for .several years, in the meanwhile read-
ing medicine, under W. II. Thomas, an etnincnt
physician of Elkhart, Indiana. After one year
of reading under the guidance of Dr. Thomas,
he entered the Hahnemann Medical College and

,>fT> - Tr

«18

UmrOHY OA' OHEnoN.

ill iMin

!5 I i

iff,

8* 'F

lie also practicoil a nhort time at Hristc^l,
me State, find tlieii removed to St. Fran-

Ilospital of Chicago, from wliicli lie i^radiiated
with lioiiorB, in 1882.

Dr. Altinan established hiinselt' in practice
at Warsaw, Indiana, where he remained one
year,
the Hami

cis, Kansas, and engaged in active practice for
some si.x years.

At St. Francis, in 1887, September 4, he was
married to Miss Ethlinda Jarvis, a native of
Ohio, and they have one child, Alta A. Mrs.
Altnian is a lady of culture and rotineirient, and
graduated from the Otterbein University of
Westerville, Ohio, in the class of 1882, and
engaged in teaching in Ohio and Indiana for
several years.

Dr. Altman and family removed to Oregon,
in 1891, and located in the city of Oorvaiiis,
where the Doctor lias built up a good and con-
stantly growing practice. His a'.Miity as a
medical adviser has met with ready recognition
by the medical fraternity and the community
at large. IJe is thoroughly skilled in his pro-
fession, and his patrons are among some of the
most refined and cultured families of Oorvallis,
and throujihout the entire county. Dr. and
Mrs. Altman are consistent members of the
Presbyterian Church.

^j-*!*^

fUANGIS FOLEY, of Adams, Umatilla
county, Oregon, a pioneer of the I'aciKc
elope, born in Vermillion county, Illinois,
July 27, 1834, was the son of .John Foley, a native
of Ohio, and of Sarah (Hay worth) Foley, born
in Ohio, of Scot 'h parentage. The father re-
moved to Illinoi-*, a single man, in an early day,
was married there, after which he went to Lake
county, Indiana, living there until 1852, when
he settled in Dallas county, Iowa, taking up
land, buying some and improving all into a good
r;irm, upon which he lived, and where he finally
died, February 22, 1892, aged uincty-five, hav-
ing been born July 15, 1797. His wife, born
July 22, 1811, still living in Iowa, bore him
eight cliildren, four of whom are yet living:
one in California, two in Iowa, and one, our
subject and the second child, in Oregon.

F>ancis Foley, reared ujjori a farm with much
hard work to do. hud but little opportunity for
schooling, and what he did receive was in the

not too thorough district schools. lie remained
at home until twenty-four years of age, wheti
he went to Kansas, at that time a new country,
settling upon a claim near Emporia, in Lyons
county, and improved it, only to discover later
that it was included in the Indifm grant. It
was hard to give it up after all the hard work
he had bestowed upon it, but he had to do it;
so in 1864 ho pulled up stakes and went to
Oregon, driving an ox-team all the way, taking
six months for the journey. Our subject lo-
cated at the Grande Ilonde valley, near the cove,
in Union county, living there ten years.

Our subject was married November 6, 1864,
in Union county, (Jregon, to Hannah Heese,
daiighter of George IL, and Margaret (Wright)
llcese, and born March 22, 1850. The parents
of Mrs. Foley were natives of Ohio. Mr.
F^oley met his wife while on the long journey
to Oregon, and seeing her day by day, the ac-
quaintance ripened into love. In the year 1874,
he with his wife retraced the way back to Iowa,
remaining there eight years, when they came again
to Oregon in 1882, settling near Athena, in Uma-
tilla county, where they lived seven years. Our
subject ticen took his family to Jackson county,
but not liking the country, returned to Umatilla,
and bought a farm of 200 acres, four miles
south of Athena, near Adams, upon which he
now resides. In 1891 ho built a handsome
residence upon this property, where he, his
wife ami children pass their days happily to-
gether.

The parents of Mrs. Foley crossed the plains
to Oregon with her in 1864. Mr. Kee.-e died
in 1876, at the age of sixty-four years; his
wife is living at the age of seventy, in Willow
county. She is of Welsh descent, her father
having been born in Wales. The union of Mr.
and Mrs. Foley has been crowned with three
children, namely: John W., George IL, and
Nellie, all of whom the parents have good
cause to be proud. John W. began as a stu-
dent at Salem, and finished his education at the
Portland University, Portland, while (Tcorge
H. took the business course at the latter insti-
tution, and Nellie, also received an excellent
education and has taught school, but is now at
home with her parents. In politics Mr. Foley
is a Republican.

iifsTour OF onictios.

5 111

fKANCiS FKLLKIi, one of the most enter-
prising aii'l ]»r(ispen)UB farnit'i'B uf French
Prairie, Miirion county, is a native of Lor-
raine, France, born .Inly 'J8, 1840. He is of
Freneli ancehtry and was reared and ediioated in
liis native huid nntil hit* til'teentii year. In 1855
his father and family eniiffrated to the United
States and 8ettle(l in tiie State of Illinoift. In
1857 he came by water to Portland, Oregon,
and from there direct to French Prairie and
l)eiran his career as a farm hand. In 18(53 he
went to tlie mines in Idaho, engaged in placer
mining for a year, made some money, as in one
Bingle day he took out ^800, and for two weeks
in succession made ^1,000 per week for his
share.

In the fall of 18()4: our subject returned to
French Prairie and attended sciiool for three
moTiths, devotinir the most of his time to the
.study of mathenuitics. I5efore going to the
mines in Idaho he had become acijuainted with
a beautiful and estimable young lady, a Miss
Kheunndi Whitney, a native daughter of French
Prairie, born Octolier 15, 1847. She was the
daughter of Mr. William Whitney, an English
gentleman and one of the most prominent fann-
ers and pioneers of French Prairi.0, who came
here in 1847. To this charming young lady
our subject was married March 12, 1865. His
fathei' had become tiie owner of from 4,000 to
5.000 ai'res of land and he gave each of his
children !?1,000 and applied it on the land if
they bought it from him, they pnyiug him six
per cent on the remaining debt. Mr. and Mrs.
Feller obtained 420 acres of the lai;d an<l Mr.
F'eller paid cash for the balance, over $1,000.

On this choice property our subject and wife
began married life. They worked hard, im-
proved it and built upon it and prospered. In
1875 Mr. Feller sold it to one of his brothers-
in-law and purchased 860 acres, which is the
beautiful farm \ipon which he now lives, on
French Prairi?. Of this property, by his intel-
ligent effort, he has made one of the best farms
in Oregon, and in 1888 he built a arge and
elegant farm residence, one of the l)eo planned
and finished in the State. Mr Feller ha«
planted a large hop garden, and in connection
with his farming he largely engages in the
growing of hops, and for this bnniness he has
built a larg(( hop house in accordance with the
most approved methods.

Our subject \* al»u a stockholder and vice-
president of tiic Farmers' Warehouse Associa-

tion and in this warehouse is stored their own
grain until they are ready to ship it and sell,
lie also engages in loaning his surplus fuiuis.
To Mr. anil Mrs. I'eller liave been born nine
children, as follows; , lames I*, and William F.
are married, reside on the farm and are man-
aging the hop business. The otluw children
are at lioine and are nameil Alfred, Kli/abe.lh
May, Nellie, llattie, Annie, (/harles and Ida.
Tiiey all inherit a strong physical organization
and are all through a very fine family, the
youngest being two years of age.

Mrs. Feller died of a cancerous ulcer October
1, 1892. She had been a most ftdthful wife
and kind ir.otlu^ and had aided her husband in
all of his undertakings, helped him to plan the
fine residence, and the husband and children
met with a very sad and serious loss when she
was taken from them. .\s soon as her hnsbaml
had learned of the nature of her troubki he
sought aid from the most competent physicians
in Oregon and the West, and then took her to
California for medical treatment, bat all was of
!io avail, and sadly the husband bionght her
back to her home, which she soon left to return
no more.

Mr. Feller is a member of the Masonic order
and has held the important office of Secretary of
his lodge and also belongs to the A. O. U. W.
In politics he is a Di^inociat and has received
from his party the nomination for the State
Legir'lature and also for (Commissioner of the
county, but in both cases he was defeated, but
was a strong and popular candi(lnte, running far
ahead of his ticket, as his party was largely in
the minority, llo is a well and thoroughly in-
formed man on general topics and is a.-, good a
business man as a farmer, a citizen who has
earned his prosperity.

— ^^M^m^-^ —

fOITN P. COLF, a prominent lumberman
of Aurora, Oregon, is a native of the State
of Illinijis, having been born in Chester,
liandolph county, November 7, 1838. He is
of Knglish ancestry and at the time of the Kev-
olntioiniry war had been very numerous, as
ninety of his relatives participated in that strug-
gle. <Trandfather Nathan (Jole, the second,
was born in New York, became a merchant, but
latf r removed to Fast St. Louis, lie purchased
a tract of iaixl in Illinois, where the city tA
Chester now stands, and here he died in his fif-
tieth year. He left a family of seven sons.

'^ ^ 'im,

580

inSTOHY OF OJiJiGOX.

'U I

Abner H., tlio oldest in tlio family of Nathan
(Jolt), wuB liorn in 1811, kikI married Miss
jS'uiicy \l. Coclirai), a niifive of Uandolpli
county, lilinois. BIk; was born in 1817, her
parents havinf^ come to Illinois from theSontii.
Mr. A. 15. Cole reared a family of four children
by !iis first wife, of whom our subject was tiie
eldest. The mother died in 1840, in her thirty-
second year, but the father survived to be
eighty-one years of afre, his death occurring in
1890. lie had come to Oregon in 18()2, en-
gajjing in the occu|)ation of a fanner. He was
in his religious views a Presbyterian and
through life a man of tlu? highest leliability.

Our sidiject received a common-school edu-
cation in Chester, Illinois, later enjoyed educa-
tional ailvantages at Beloit, Wisconsin, and
still later at St. Louis, Missouri, lie learned
the mercantile business in his father's store, in
Chester, Illinois. This was a large retail estal)-
lishniont conducted in connection with the mill-
ing business. In 18G1 he crossed the plains
with a inimlier of cattle, intending to bring
them to Gray's Harbor, and by the time he had
reached Walla Walla he concluded it would not
jiay to take them farther. The hard winter of
18t)l-"t)3 then came on and he lost seventy
head, all that then remained. The next sum-
mer he burned charcoal and later packed pro-
visions to the mines. In June his father and
family came to Orgon by water and they in-
duced Mr. (k)le to come to the Willamette val-
ley. They settled at Salem and Mr. Cole
worked in the woolen mills. In the spring
they moved to a farm of 750 acres, which his
father had bought in the Waldo Hills, and this
property is still owned by the family.

On January 5, 1865, he was married to Mrs.
Mary A. CJondit, a native of Illinois, born in
1839, and a daughter of Rev. John 8. lieasoner.
Mr. Iteasorer came to Oregon in 1852 and Mr.
Condit in 1854. By her firs',, marriage Mrs.
Cole ha<i one child, Alva M. Condit, wtio now
residi.'s at I'ark Place, (Jregon. Mr. and Mrs.
Cole have had tije following children: Abner
1?., John li., jN'athan E., Emma A., (Jhristopher
O, anil Itebecca A. Abner B. and Nathan E.
are now in the lumber business with their fa-
ther; Christopher is attending school, and
Emma is teaching school.

After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Cole re-
sided on the farm until 1h77, and then removed
to a tract of land on the Molalla river, where
ho engaged in the lumber and milling business.

In 1888 he built a mill and residence at Aurora,
at which place lie has since lived. Iliire he has
a |ilaning mill in connection with his other mill
and has a lai'i;e local trade for his lumber and
lath, which he is able to su[)])ly, as his mill has
a capacity of 1,000 feet per hour. Mr. Cole is
a Prohibitionist and was the nominee of his
party for the State Legislature. Previous to
this he held the office of Justice of the I'eace in
Marion county, lie and his wife are worthy
members of the Presbyterian Church, and he
has been an active worker in the Sunday-school
and Superintendent of the same for many years.
They are worthy people and highly esteemed.

fllARLES ALBRIGHT, Jk., a native of
Oregon City, and one of her very enter-
prising business men, was born March 1,
1856. His father, Charles Albright, Sr , came
to Oregon in 1852; he was born in Germany
and came to the United States in 1821; was the
pioneer butcher of Oregon City, and the busi-
ness has sinc(> been carried on continuously by
himself and his son, who succeeded him. The
senior Albright brought with him to this coast
his wife and five children, settling at this point
and opening out in his business. By giving it
his close ittention and managing judiciously, he
was successful in accumulating some money,
which he invested in land and in a residence.
He was a reliable, worthy citizen.

His son, our subject, was educated in his na-
tive town and in Portland, after which he was
connected with his father in business for some
years, thus becoming well fitted to carry on the
business with good judgment. During all the
history of Oregon City .Mr. Albright's market
has been the leading and largest one, and the
son still holds the trade and enjoys the confi-
dence and patronage of his father's patrons and
of the children among whom he has been
brought up. A prophet, it is said, is often
without honor in his own country, but the
present instance is a remarkable exception; but
there are several other exceptions also in Ore-
gon City. The citizens are justly proud of Mr.
Albright. He has built a picturesijiie houst in
this beautiful city, which lie occupies as his resi-
dence. Ho owns a quarter of the block whore
he carries on liis business, in the center of the
town and on Main street. It occupies the

i i

M'-

HISTORY OF o/iBony.

frrniiiid where a market was built as early as
IStiJ; to keep U]) witli the pro}j;rt'»8 of tlie
place Mr. Alf>rif,'lit. Sr. and Jr., lia\e (Several
times remodeled the place. Mr. Albrif^ht is
alive to the interests of his town, is an ai'tivo
and valued member of the Hoard of Trade, and
is "on hand" with his aid for every worthy ob-
ject. He is a member of the K. of P.

In 1877 be married Miss Olive Jerome,
dani^hter of Captain Jerome, a |)rominent steam-
boat captain of Oregon City, and they have three
children: Emma, Ethel and Bessie, all born
here.

^^€®:li)l-^

fOriN IIAGENY, a druggist of Portland,
represents the oldest retail dru^ store in
the city, which confiiieH itself strictly to a
prescription and retail business. This store was
founded by Mr. S. (4. Skidmore in 18f)7, at 111
First street, and removed to the present loca-
tion, 151 First street in 1879, and was there
continued by Mr. Skidmore until his death in
1883, wlieii the business was transferred to Mr.
Charles E. Sitton, who at the tiino was a part-
ner in the business, and the tirni continued un-
der the former name. During the year o? 1885,
Ml-. Uageny became connected with Mr. Sitton
as manager of the store, and upon the deutli of
Mr. Sitton in 189U, Mr. Ilageny purchased the
business.

John II. Ilager.y was born in AVinterswyck,
Holland, in 1854. His ancestry for generations
having been i;umbered among the businessmen
of that locality. During the childhood of our
subject his parents emigrated to the United
States and settled m CinciuTiati, Ohio, and there
his father, W. A. Uageny, opened a book-store
and general binding, which he continued until
his death in 1889.

John 11. attended the schools of Cincinnati
until about tiiirteen years of age, and was then
apprenticed to Adolphus I'eunel, a German
druggist of that city, who subsequently became
rrofe>M.of the Cincinnati College of Phar-
macy, t'l, organization of wiiich was advanced by
the persistent energy of Mr. Uageny. Mr.
Hageny then went to Indianapolis, Indiana, as
a prescription clerk in th< irug store of Erail
Martin, and afterward opened a drug store in
the Hame city, continuing it for two years.

He then moved to Oregon and was employed

by Hlumaner & Huebner, of Portland, Oregon,

and there remained for two years- I'> 1^78 he
went to the Dalles to ti'kc! charge of the estab-
lishment of Snipes i^: Ivinersly, and tluM'e con-
tinued until 18H5, when he returned to Port-
land and became manager for t'harles K. Sitlon.
Since ])urchasing the business. Mr. Uageny has
incorporated under the name of S. (>. Skidmore
& Co., he continuing as secretary and maiuiger.
He employs six hands and conducts a general
prescription and retail tra<le.

He was married in Indianapolis November
11, 1874. to Miss Kate Koontz, a native of the
same State. Mr. and Mrs. Uageny have four
children: Helen, Esther F., Prudence and John
IL, Jr. The family reside at Twenty-third and
N streets, where he built his cottage in l88ii.
He is a member of I5lue Lodge and C'hapter, F.
& A. M., and with his ability and energy is
conducting a very substantial business.

fl). PAINE, a resident of Kugene, Oregon,
was born in Herkimer county. New York,
<» in 1839, and is a son of Philander A. and
Sarah (Filkins) Paine, nati/es of the same county.
He received his education in the district school
arut at Little Falls Academy, remaining under
the parental roof until the beginning of the
civil war. He enlisted at Utica for three years
in the First New York Light Artillery (Com-
pany A, the date of hie enlistment being Octo-
ber 9, 18(>1. He was appointed Coriwral of his
company, and proceeding to Washington he
passed the winter there. In the spring of 18(52
he started with (ieneral iiic(;iel!aii on his Pen-
insular campaign; the tir t cngagenient was in
the siege of Yorktown, u.'i this was followed by
the battles at AVilliamsbiiig, Seven Pines and
Fair Oaks; in the last-named place his company
was forced to abandon their guns, having lost 11-1
out of I'JS horses. Mr. Paine escaped without
an injury, though the battle was hotly contested,
and several of tlie otiicers of his regiment were
killed. He was tlien transferred to the Seventh
New York Inde|>endent Hattery, Captain lie-
gan, and was promoted to the office of Sergejint.
He participated in the seven days" tight of the
Peninsula, bringing up the rear at Harrison's
landing after the engagement; he then re-
turned to Fortress Monroe, and remained as
guard about Norfolk and participated in the

TtHI' '. ' '

S'il'iir 'ij

!5-Ji

nisrojty of ohkoos.

I! r

Wi i.

■II I

niege 'it' SiifJblk. Witli General Hiitler and tlie
Army of'tlie .lauies liu look part in the siege of
J'ctersl)iirf^, and was honoriiUly disi-harged at
Ilati'iicr'H Run in tlie lull of I8t>4, at the expir-
ation of liif* tttrni of enlistment.

liein;^ released from fnrtlicr duty he went
hack to Ilerki.ner county, jNew York, and was
marriiid in llStJu to Miss Lucy Stanring. lie
lived u|)on the homestead until ISOD, and then
reinoved to Delaware county, Iowa, where he
engageil in agricultural pursuits until 187(); he
theTi reino\ I'd to Aloiiticello, .iones C(juntv, and
emharked in the liiii'dwaie trade with Lehman
I'alnier; this establishment was sustained for
five years, during which tinie Mr. I'aine served
two terms as Councilman, and one term as
Miiyor of the city. In 1881 he disposed of his
, interests, and the following year removed to
Oregon. lie jiurchased a farm two miles north-
east of Eugene, and gave his attention to j^eneral
farming until 188ti; then he came to Kugene,
and bought an interest in the business of
('harlcs M. Horn; they carry a general assort-
ment of speirtsmen's goods, being jobbers of
the AV^inchester guns and riHes, agents for the
LeFevre hammerless shotgun, and also for the
Parker, Haker & Smith shotguns.

Mr. I'aine resides on Seventh street, between
Lincoln and Lawrence streets, where lie built a
home in 1887. In this city he has served as
Councilman and school director, and is the
present City Treasurer. He is Past Master of
Eugene City Lodge, No. 11, A. F.& A. M;
Past Eminent Commander of Ivarihoe Coni-
iiiandery No. 2. K. T.; (irand Junior Warden of
the Grand Commandery of Knights Templars of
Oregon, and a member of J. W. Geary Post,
No. 7, G. A. K.

^:5^'

5=3@|Ke®-t^<i

^i-

fOHN E. LOMHAUD.— Though but a re-
cent settler in the city of Portland, Ore-
gon, ('aptain .John E. Lombard has already
gained a position of prominence among her
representative men. lie was horn in Wales,
Maine, in 1830. His ancestor. Sir Roi)ert
Lombard, a native of England, emigrated to
America at an early day. and settled upon Cape
C'od, where the American branch of the family
was founded. Harding Lombard, the grand-
father of our subject emigrated to Maine amoiuf
the pioneers of the State, and settling upon the

coast engaged in a seafaring life, six of his
sons being similarly engaged, all becomiiLg
ca|)tains of vessels, and engaged in trading and
importing, sailing to all ports. John Lombard,
the father of John K. followed the sea for over
thirty years and then retired and entablished
saw and grist mills and woolen factories at the
outlet of Sahattis lake, which interests he con-
tinued until his death. His wife, Martha
^(iiven) Lombard, was a native of Maine and of
ruritan stock.

.(ohn E. Lombard was educated at Sahattis
Academy, Litchfield Liberal Institute, and
Iveiit's Hill (College, and at the age of seventeen
years he started in the footsteps of his ancestry
and with his uncle. Captain Luther Lombard of
the ship Wales, sailed his first cruise upon the
deep sea, the voyage being from New York to
Liverpool. Returning to the United States, our
subject then shipped with strangers, sailing
between Atlantic ports, and by due diligence
and steady promotion, at the age of twenty-one
years ho became a caj)tain and his first ship was
the Sevastopol, owned at 15ath, and engaged in
the Atlantic trade. L'^pon her, the captain re-
mained until the breaking out of the civil war,
when he resigned and offered himself to the
United States Government, and became con-
nected with the navy as a master. He was then
stationed upon the frigate Vei'motit, at Port
Royal, South Carolina, for about eight months,
,'.nd then detached and ordered to the sloop of-
war Mohegan as navigator. After a short ser-
vice he was placed in command of the captured
blockade runner, Anna, and took her to New
Y'ork to the navy department. He was then
promoted to a Lieutenant, and placed on the
gunboat Ino at New Orleans and about the
mouth of the Mississippi river. After some
months he was ordered North for special duty
as e.xecutive oflicer and sailing-master of the
United States steamship Ino, which with a
picked crew of experienced men, was going in
search of the privateer Sumter, commanded
by Captain Sims. The Ino was fitted out in
HoatoTi and they sailed direct to .('adiz, Spain,
and then to Gibraltar, where the Sumter lay in
the harbor. Unable to take her in a foreign
port they blockaded the port and after four
months ('aptain Sims abandoned his vessel and
returned to Liverpool, and came out with the
Alabama, all of which can be found in National
history. The Ino then cruised in the Mediter-
ranean and along the coasts of Brazil, Erance,

i^t

UISTOHY OF OREGON.

h-it\

EnglHiid und Suutli Ainurica, until the clo«e uf
the war, when iii'ter nearly live years of service
our subject resigned and came again into the
merchant service, and as captain of the steamer
Yesso, ran to (yhina, and ••emaiiied upon that
coast for tliree years, visiting all treaty portn.
In 1808 he returned to the United States, and
as captain of the ship liiehard 8. Ely, trading
between ?N'ew York, China and California, and
then on the shij) J. P>. Lincoln, which was at
that time the largest American ship alioat.
Upon her ho remained for live and one-half
years, cliietly in the foreign service. Upon the
ship Wilna Captain Lombard made his last
cruise, visiting C'hina and returning to I'orthind,
where he arrived in October, 1883, and after
thirty years of seafaring life he placed his first
officer in command of his ship, in which he was
interested and then retired to the less hiizardous
and more domestic life upon land. The Captain
has sailed around the world several times, and
has visited every prominent port of entry. Soon
after his arrival in Portland he interested Eastern
capitalists and organized tlie Portland Matural
Ice Company. The supply is brought from
lake Cocollala, Idaho, where they have erected
an ice plant, with a storage capacity of 5,000
tuns, shipping the ice l)y rail to Washington
and Oregon, as required, selling only by whole-
sale. This was the first enterprise of the kind
in the Northwest. The company has since es-
tablished a very complete plant upon the Hood
river, with a storage capacity of 10,000 tons.
This being so much nearer the market, being
but sixty-live miles as compared to 432 miles
to lake Cocollala, will materially affect the price
and competition. San Francisco capitalists have
recently acquired tlie stock, witliE.W. Hopkins
as president of the company and Captain Lom-
bard as manager.

Captain Lombard was married in Oardner,
Maitie, 1858, to Miss Isabella J. Larrabee, a
daughter of Colonel I'hilip Larrabee, a ship-
builder of Bath. To this union have iieen added
lour children, one only surviving, J. Philij).
Mrs. Lombard has passed about twelve years at
sea and beeaiue an experienced navigator. Ke
alizing the increasing value of city real estate,
the (.'aptain has secured large holdings in im-
proved and in unimproved property with valu-
able water frontage. He is a Knight Templar,
¥. & A. M., and a member of Loyal Legion
Urnted States of America, and also uf George
Wright l\>st, G. A. R., and Surveyor-Iiurea-

Veritas of France, one of the oldest classilicu-
tioiis of vessjils in the world; also Surveyor to
the San Francisco Hoard of Marine Under-
writers, and is a member of the Chamber of
Commerce. The Ca|)tain is one of the Coin-
missioners of the port of Portland, and one of
the three members who compose the e.xecutive
committee. He is onj of the wide-awake, ac-
tive, all-round men who take a live interest ill
tlm progress of the city, and is willing to us((
both time and money in the development of her
uatur/v! /esources.

§0 N. C. W. II O H Y, a distinguished edu-
cator and public man of Oregon and citi-
zens of Portland, was born in Madison,
Wisconsin, April 20, 1850. His ancestry dates
back to the early settlement of New England,
and his progenitors were prominent in the
business and manufacturing interests of New
Hampshire. His father, Harrison lloby, emi-
grated to Wisconsin in 1839, and built the first
house at Stoughton, near Madison, where he
engaged in general farming and surveying.

At the early age of nine years, young Uoby
was thrown on his own resources, but with an
ample inheritance of New England determina-
tion, he exerted both muscle and mind in the
accomplishment of the task set before him. At
the age of sixteen years, he commenced to teach
school, and afterward attended the State Uni-
versity for six years, which amply fitted him for
an educator. Several years afterward he acted
as school superintendent of Winnebago county,
Wisconsin. In lH72he graduated from the law
department of the State University, and for
seveial years there after practiced his profession
in Madison and La Crosse.

He was elected superintendent of the city
schools of La Crosse, which |)osition he ably
filled for some years.

In 1879 he was called to I'ortland to accept
the position of superintendent of the central
schools, which were then located on the present
site of the Portland Hotel. He continued in
charge until October, 1885, when he was
appointed Postmaster of Portland by President
Cleveland, in which capacity he continued until
April, 1890, when, through a change of admin-
istration he was succoedc'd by (ieorge A. Steel.
Mr. Koby's adininistrati(jn of the post uttice was

r)'.>4

UltiTOHY OF OHHOON.

i 1

noted for its exceptioiiiil cfllcieiury, tlio result of
li'iH clo8(^ attention ti- tiic ihitniln of tlie otKee.

In IS'JO Mr. Uol)^ Becured ii long ieiise of
tlie Uolton ili)n8(\ wiiifli he renovated and
refitted at consideraijle expenwc. lie tlien sublet
it and resumed tlie praetiee of tlie law.

Mr. Ilot)y is accustomed to hard work and is
eontinnaily i)iisy. Piiysically lie is a splendid
type, he is tall and handsome, heiiig six reet and
two inches hij^li, with a eourteoui. manner which
pi-oni;its him to accord a respectful bearing to
all and eoinbiniiig disiTimination with great
firmness of purpose anil of character. He is
widely known all over the coast, nut only for his
culture, but because of his great affability and
sociable nature.

He has been a (ciated with several lari^e
syndicates, which have been very j)rofitablo. In
1881, Mr. Iloby built his tine residence on
Si.xth street, where he now resides.

He was married in La Crosse, Wisconsin, in
1871), to Miss Marj^aret Kay, an educated and
accomplished lady, and a native of the Badger
State. They have three children: Mary, llrrison
and Fanny.

He is a member of several societies, Blue
Lixlge, Chapter and Cotnmandery of Knights
Templar, Koyal and Select Masters, F. & A.
M.; Knigh's of Pythias, Elks and other local
organizations.

In 1891 Mr. lioby was elected a member of
the Board of Education by the taxpayers of
Portland. He still continues as school director
and takes an active interest in all educational
matters, and through his energy and attainments
he occupies a notable position among the
citizens of the commonwealth of Oregon.

\\i. JAMES P. ATWOOD, one of the well-
known residents of this great cf Oregon,
might almost be called an early settler as
lie was reared here from childhood until the
present time. He was born in Green county,
Wisconsin, March 19, 184(5. His father. A. F.
Atwood, was a native of Indiana, lie being born
in Clark county that State January 1, 1817.
While a young man he moved into Illinois,
where he became acquainted with Miss Rosan-
nah 1«. Hays and they were married in 1843.
Ten children were born of this union and James
P., our subject, was the second child. Mr.

Atwood, Sr., was a farmer by occupation and
had taught school in Illinois, and about 1845
the family removed to Wisconsin. There the
father engaged in farming, but in 1S53 again
made a change, this time making his way to
Oregon, locating in Benton county, taking up a
donation claim of 320 acres, four miles south of
Corvallis.

Mr. Atwood improved this farm, bought
other land, sold and moved to Walla Walla
county, Washington. There he puchasftd (jiiite
a tract of land and engaged in fanning and the
raising of btock until his death March 23, 1889,
at the age of seventy-two years. The mother of
our suliject died in January 1881, at the age of
fifty-four years and now there are only three of
the large family remaining, these being our
subject and his two brothers who live in Walla
Walla county, Washington, on their father's old
homestead. The parents were of English and
Irish descent and this interininylinj' of blood
has given the descendants many ennobling
characteristics. When our subject selected his
lite profession ho chose that of medicine, feeling
that here was a field of unlimited scope. He
first attended the public schools, then entered
college at Corvallis, with Prof. Johnson as
instructor and finished his course. After this
he entered the Sublimity College at Sublimity,
under Prof. Crawford, now of Portland and
after he has completed a course at this institu-
tion of learning he taught school in order to
obtain sufficient funds to pursue his studies in
his profession. His kind father seeing his
efforts gave him an interest in his stock-raising
and he was then able to begin upon his wished-
for career. The young student chose for his
preceptor Dr. Lingo, of Salem, now deceased,
and after a course of studies with hiiri he
entered the medical department of the Will-
amette University, attended three full courses
of lectures, and graduated in 1870, receiving
his degree of M. D. After practicing his pro-
fession for a short time he entered the medical
department of Columbia College at New York
city, graduating from that institution in 1874,
when he received his diploma. Ur. Atwood
then came to Baker City, where he has since
remained, engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession.

Our subject was married, in 1882, to Miss
Florence Tlioinpson, daugter of John Thompson,
of San PVancisco. She was born, Aj)ril, 1800,
and has borne to her husband one child, Ptr-

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j.r ijii; (.if tlio coiiiit-y,

!'\M WALLACE Hl'A|iri)IV<i,
jirtigvpfifiive Aii'tfri-tun ct'tictMi,

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I • ••' with !:• wife \.

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r*..rthin>i. ft.: 1-,.'

' i !«»»• U'l iiiit fiinilit on till! V(iyi<;i' iiiiil .--iili^i'-
.. n,ut tr«\'u!i>, and r.Mintl liiniKt'lC Htruiniutl with-
«»t)t tiipun* in » »trHii^u city. lli« 8oiij(ht I'lii
ptfti itu'til tinil Willi 1 n^iifji'il 118 a cloi'k in the
•tiir*" 'if Aucn A' Lu«i», witii wlmm lio ii'iiiiiiniui
• k'Ar. llo th>9n Mi>t'|>tO(i a sitiiulioii in tliu
uuml iiiiirl><!t ('•' A. II .lohiison, with whom iio
w'irkC'i ft'*- tivi.' voar , at'tiT which ho liccaiiio

,n....r'i. ''rtii of ilohimon >\: S|muUlinj4, and
nf'( flv*' yriirs of Inisincss proHperity

](• w (iiinw from tlic firm, t>ii^af,'injf in the
utoi^k t'lUUioni', liiiyirii^ and suliinj.; cattU) and
i.«<i;k)!;^ jhirk. In rli'isc diff'eront enterprist's
iif l.iiii up '» 1arjr<' h sinoHg, and eimtinimd to
foll'iw thin (KuMipatiiMi for foiirtiii'ii yi'arn, ac-
ciitiiniHtiiiU' <!(in*i<ler.il'!o money. In ISttli ho
OPiiniiPn<HKi hi» prcsi nt business, corner I'ront
Wti'J A •trt>nl'*, vvliere hi) continued until 1870,
wfwii the building of the Central Market was
iHfiMplvIiKl on Kir«t .stnot, near A, and a coimrt-
nvrnliip Jirni whs ci^inljlislied under the linn
nmnc •«l'.!oliM<iOii vV: iSji mldini;, the hiiKinesK lie-
iiig ^;ii!>>ve<l to Hiiid i'larki't. This tiriii was
diHMiU»!d in IS'i'iJ. wlicu Mr. Spanldin;^ lic^an
viji'Uf rti»'nii and dcHling, which lie continued
itutfl l'j'i&. lit) then resumed the meat markot-
\\\^ Hill} hutrherinf,' Imtiiiiuss and started a whole-
miIh «nd retail CHtahlishment for its sale and
dii»trihr.ti'>n, at the cni-iicr of First and Madison
(itreetf, where ho HMiiained until XS'Jl, when,
i>iM>n the Dr^iinijiiiiidM of the Portland Butcher-

v»' ■!'\i.i':.,iiiv, t)*" A118 elected its president,

.(I iin !*till retains. Provision for

>. iKiion of tjiis company with the

•iv ()rfl«.«ed Meat Company havinif heen

• .1, the t'AO coinptinies were merjfed in-

tHiin-sry 1, IS'.cj, this consolidated cor-

!ji'r»>at'tcr controlling (as the two

!• ., did litiritofore). the meat business of

v-!>.i- r.j ypi»r. as he has prospered, lie has

■ Aiiri/lne fiHiild in city property, until

; •> .K.icoiue iii.(3 owiier of large quantities

.'(.itf r«?»l csSftte in the city, lie is half

' ' KevnintJ! Street Terrace tract, and

|.-r jn i*vt!ral real-estate companies;

•ii Oi-e^Kin :nd Washington, and

.i-i- '•■ J blocks in Portland.

ind Trust (/0in])any.

noters of the laying

proved a great suc-

3sidence for himself

lair streets, where,

i.< liiitiif'i: companion of his

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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) «72-4503

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BTSTORT OF OliKaoX.

82S

villi) Atwood, bcini August 1 1883. Dr. Atwood
is a iTieiiiber of tlio Masonic lodge at Baker
City, a man of public spirit and always ready
to assist in anything for the advancement of the
county and State, lie is not a moinl)cr of r.ny
church, hut is in sympathy with Christian
work and is always willing to reach in his
pocket and give to any good cause. The Doctor
liuH reinained and followed his profession, until
he has won distinction and the confidence and
esteem of the people of the county.

-^■m:!m^'^^~

;ILLIAM WALLACE SPAULDING,
a typical progressive American citizen,
l*"^Tl combining in himself the best traits of
a Scottish-English ancestry as well, is one of the
earliest pioneers of I'orllaiid, Oregon. Ilis an-
cestors, of Scotch-English blood, emigrated to
New England at an early day, locating in
Chelmsford, Massachusetts, in about the year
1(540. There were born, reared and educated
three or four generations of the tamily, partici-
pating prominently in the affairs of the Colony
of Massachusetts and later of the State. His
ancestors were I'liritans, that sturdy sect, op-
posed to all oppression and wrong. His grand-
father, Sherebiah Spaulding, as also his father,
Sherebiah Spaulding, Jr., were born in Chelms-
ford, his grandfather serving as Captain in the
Continental army in its patriotic struggle for
independence. lie fought at the battle of Lex-
ington, and all through the war, to its victorions
end. His father married Miss Lurena Agusta
Shed, a native of Carlisle, Massachusetts, daugh-
of Mr. Madison Shed, of that State, who was
also a Kevohitionary soldier. The parents of the
subject of this sketch had nine children, five of
whom are living, Mr. Spaulding of this bio-
graphy being the second in order of birth. Ills
early life was spent at home on liis father's farm,
lie attended the public schools, and an academy
in Mount Vernon, New Ilampsliire. After
leaving school he was four years in the butcher
ing business in Boston, afterward purchasing
the business of his employer. This he continued
for a year, when, failing in health, ho decided
to seek a milder climate on the Pacific slope.
lie bad been married on June 2, 1861, to Miss
Iloppie L. Ford, and he sailed with his wife in
the following spring to San Francisco. The
following fall ho came to Portland. He had

exhausted his funds on the voyage and subse-
quent travels, and found himself stranded with-
out means in a strange city. He sought em-
ployment and was engaged as a clerk in the
store of Allen & Lewis, with whom he remained
a year. He then accejited a situatio)i in the
meat market of A. H. Johnson, with whom he
worked for five years, after which he became
one of the firm of Joiinson & Spaulding, and
after another five years of business prosperity
he withdrew from the firm, engaging in the
stock business, buying and selling cattle and

f)acking pork. In these different enterprises
le built up a large business, and continued to
follow this occupation for fourteen years, ac-
cumulating considerable money. In ISfifi lie
commenced liis present business, corner Front
and A streets, where he continued until 1870,
when the building of the Central Market was
completed on First street, near A, and a copart-
nersliip firm was established under the firm
name of Johnson & Spaulding, the business be-
ing removed to said market. This firm was
dissolved in 1873, when Mr. Spaulding began
cattle raising and dealing, which he continued
until 1885. He then resumed the meat market-
inirand butchering business and started a whole-
sale and retail establishment for its sale and
distribution, at the cc.ner of First and Madison
streets, where he remained until 1891, when,
upon the organization of the Portland Butcher-
ing Company, he was elected its president,
which position he still retains. Provision for
the consolidation of tjiis company with the
American Dressed Meat Company having been
completed, tiie two companies were merged in-
to one January 1, 1898, this consolidated cor-
poration hereafter controlling (as the two
companies did heretofore), the meat business of
the Northwest.

From year to year, as he has prospered, he has
invested liiBsurplus funds in city property, until
he has now become the owner of large quantities
of the best real estate in the city. He ;s half
owner of the Seventh Street Terrace tract, and
is a stockholder in several real-estate companies;
owns land in both Oregon and Washington, and
has several valuable business blocks in Portland.
He is a director in the Portland Trust Company.
He was also one of the promoters of the laying
out of Fulton Park, which proved a great suc-
cess. He has built a fine residence for himself
on Park avenue and St. Clair streets, where,
with his wife, the faithful companion of his

58S

HISTORY OF ORKGON.

sorrows and jojb for tli-rty ycHrs, !io lives in
jH'iicf mill lm|ij)iiiess. surroiindeil l)y iili the
i-oiiiforts hikI c'oiivt'iiitMicei* money t'uii Iniy, or
inoilern invention [irocnre. To lier lie aseribes
iniicli of liisfTood fortune, as she has been his best
friend in adversity and protij)erity, siippienient-
in}/ and siistainini^ his ert'orts in the battle of
life. They had one son, born in 18()5, who was
named after his father. It was their misfortune
to lose this pro.nii<i!ig child l)y death at the
interesting age of twelve years.

Thns can be seen what industry and well-
directed effort can accomplish. Without means,
without friends, in a strange land, but with
ability and experience, with a will to do and
int('lligence to direct his actions, he has bent
cireuinstanees to his will, and built for himself
a fortune and a name, which will serve to en-
courage other', to like endeavor for all time to
eome.

— ^-€^-^ — ■ • :

ll^EOKGE E. CHAMBERLAIN, Attorney-
iWf ^'^"^'■"' "^ t'>*^ State of Oregon, was born
\l*. near Natchez, Jefferson county, Missia-
Bippi, on January 1, 1854. lie received his
preliminary education at the public schools, and
in 1871 entered the Washington and Lee Uni-
versity at Le.\ington, Virginia, graduating from
the academic and law departments in 1876,
with the degrees of A. B. and B. L. In the fall
of that year he came to Albany, Oregon, and
after teaching school for four months, was ap-
pointed Deputy Couiity Clerk, which office he
lield until 1870, when he commenced the prac-
tice of law in partnership with Judge L. Flinn.
In 1880 he was nominated by the Democratic

fiarty, and elei-ted to the State Legislature from
jinn county, and in 1884 was elected District
Attorney for the Third Judicial District. In
1886 the firm of Flinn & Chamt)erlain dis-
solved, Mr. CJhamberlain continuing the prac-
tice alone, in May, 1801, he was appointed
Attorney-General of Oregon, by Governor Syl-
vester Ponnoyer, and was re-elected to the same
position at the June election, 1802. In Janu-
ary, 1892, he entered into legal practice in
partnership with Hon. J. IC. Weatherford, State
Senator froin Linn county.

He is a tliirty-seconil degree Mason, Scottish
Rite, and is at present (iiand High Priest of
the Grand Chapter of Oregon. He is also a

member of the L (). O. F. and encampment,
iind belongs to the Knights of I'ythias. of all
of which societies he is a respected member.

Of superior legal acumen and intellectual
force and ability, combined with a gigantic will,
he has in a short time gained one of the "most
honorable positions in the State, and enjoys the
esteem of the community at large, and of a host
of (personal friends.

^"^y^^

EORGE A. HAUDlNG,the leading drug-
gist of Oregon City, and one of its most
enterprising business men, is a native of
Sydney, Australia, born on the 13th of August,
1843. His father, James Harding, was a native
of Bristol, England, of English ancestry. He
married Miss Penelojie Bridges, of Norfolk,
England. They removed to Australia, where
he was engaged in mercantile business until the
time of his death. He died in 1855. He had
six children, of whom thrwi are living. Mr.
George A. Harding was their third child. In
1857 he came to Oregon City, when he was but
fourteen years old, and atteniied the public
schools of the city. He learned the trade of
painter, and was engaged in the business until

1864, when on the 24th of November, 1864,
he volunteered to serve in the Union army.
Company E, First Regiment Oregon Volunteer
Infantry, in which ho served until the close of
the war. They were stationed at Vancouver,
Walla Walla and Fort Colville. They were
kept on liie coast to keep the Indians in check.
He was mustered out on the 23d of November,

1865. He returned to Oregon City and re-
sumed his trade. When a boy he had spent
two years in a drug store in Australia, and he
also spent three years in the drug store of Dr.
Steel, a prominent physician of Oregon City.
In 1874 he formed a partnership with .1. P.
Ward, then in the drug business. They then
bought out Bell & Parker, druggists, and con-
soliiTftted the business, which was a contin-
uation of the pioneer drug store of the town.
In 1878 Mr. Harding bought out his partner,
and in 1880 Ixjught out the linn of C. O. T.
Williams & Co., and hat» since had the leading
drug store in Oregon (ity. He has not con-
tined himself to the drug store alone, for he has
interested himself in starting all the enter-
prises uf his town since he became a business

UIHTOHY OF OREOON.

firs

man in it. He was one of tiie fotindcrs and
HtockiiuliUtrs, and has been a director and vice-
president of the Orejron City Maniv hince its
organization. He was one of the bnsiness men
of Oregon who i)onght ont tho Willamette
Transportation and liocks Company, and is also
a stockholder and director of the Willamette
Falls Electric Light Coiripany, which lights the
city of Portland, and is destined to he a busi-
ness enterprise of jrreat moment to both Ore-
gon City and J'ortland, un<i a source of large
returns to the men who had the enterprise to
plan and so far manage it. He has also inter-
ested himself in the real estate of the place, and
is president of the Willamette Land Company.
They have purchased lands, subdivided them
and then sold them, which has resulted In the
growth of that part of the city.

He was married in 1877, to Miss Margaret
,leiinie Harlow, daughter of J. L. Harlow, a
worthy pioneer of Oregon, who came to the
Territory in 1854:. He married Miss Mary E.
Miller, danghtor of 8amuel Miller, who came
to the Territory in 1843.

Mr. and Mrs. Harding have had sLx children,
born in Oregon City, namely: ilennie L, George
Lee, Carlton Harlow, Nieta Natilie, Loyd Ord-
way and Evelyn. Mr. Harding is a charter
member of the (t. A. K. He has held all the
offices in the post, and has also been Junior
Vice-Commander of the department. He is
also a member of the A. O. IT. W. and K. of P.
In politics he is a Democrat, and has been
elected a member of tiie City Council four snc-
cesfiive terms. He has also been a member of
tho School Hoard, and the plan for the con-
Btruction of the new schoolhouse were perfected
during his administration. Mr. Harding is an
agreeable man, full of business push and en-
ergy, and has the fullest confi<lence of iiis
fellow-citizens.

J. T U E N C H A li D , Clerk of Clatsop
county, was born in Astoria, Oregon, in
1854. His father, C. J. Trenchard, was
a native of Kent county, Maryland, educated
in the schools of the State and graduating from
the medical college. He commenced practiced
in Baltimore, Maryland, but emigrated to Cali-
fornia in 1849. and to Oregon in 1850. Trav-
eling north in 1884by sailing vessel, he met Mrs.

Marion Turner, of Vancouver island, native of
Scotland, to whom he was subsequently married
at ('athlamet, Washington, by Judge William
Strong. Dr. Trenchard settled in Astoria and
engaged in practice. In 1858 he was elected
Clerk of Cla'sop county, and served one term.

During Ihe mining excitement in Idaho he
joined John Ilobeon and engage<l in packing,
with trading post at the mines, which tliey con-
tinued for four years. From hardships anil
exposure he. contracted rheumatism, and was
obliged to gi 'e up his work and return to As-
toria. He thon entered into partnership with
Captain Klavel, in mercantile interests, and
continued in ti\is business imtil his death, in
1807, aged forty-one years. His widow still
survives and occupies tho old homestead in
Astoria.

The subject of thin sketch was educated in
Astoria until he was fourteen years of age.
Upon the death of her husband, the mother
went to the home of her father, on Vancouver
island, and young Trenchard began work in a
logging camp and sawmill. He followed this
business until December, 18(1'J, and then re-
turned to Astoria and began clerking for Mr.
A. Van Dusen. In 1873 he engaged with Jidin
West & Company, canners of Westport, and
acted as store and bookkeeper for four years.
Returning to Astoria in 187(5, he formed a
partnership with C. P. Upshnr, under the firm
name of Upshnr & Trenchard, and purchased
the ship-chandlery, hardware and grocery busi-
ness of Captain Flavel, which they operated
until 1880. The firm then closed out and Mr.
Trenchard was bookkeeper from tho Union
Packing Company for two years. He was then
in the meat market of Wherry & Company un-
til 1884. In 1882 he was the Democratic nomi-
nee for County Clerk and Jtecorder, a; vas
defeated by one vote. In 1884 he was nomi-
nated and elected by the same party, and has
been continuously re-elected, including the June
election of 1892, receiving the largest majority
of any previous election.

Mr. Trenchard was married in Astoria, in
1880, to Carra J. Van Dusen, a native of As-
toria, and daughter of R. Van Dusen, an Ore-
gon pioneer of 1847. They have one child,
Anita.

Mr. Trenchard was one of the organizers of
the Astoria Abstract Title and Trust Company,
and is active in its management. In 1871 he
joined the Astoria Engine Company No. 1, and

! -Ml

528

irrsTonr of or/soon.

SHi'vcfl fourteen years. lie wan the Chief of the
Kire Depfirtinciit for two yimrs, and nerved for
six years in tiie City Council. lie is at present
tiie president of the Astoria Hoard of Trade,
lie aHiliates with V. Si A. M., rniforni liank
K. of I', and A. (). U. W. He is a fine man
and is a fair representative nniii of Astoria.

[UIXiK n. F. IU)NIIAM is distingnisJied

J anioiifT the legal profession of Oregon. lie
"br^" was horn near Knoxville, Tennessee, Oeto-
her 8, IS28. II is ancestors were of Knglish
descent, settling in Virginia hefore the Iievolu-
tionary war, and devoting themselves to agri-
cultnre and the chnrch. John P. J3onham, the
father of onr suhject, was a farmer and merchant
of ea.st Tennessee, until 1840, when he etni-
grated, with his family to Henry county, Indi-
ana, purchased a farm in the wilderness, and
while living in the little log cabin, cleared up
his land for farming purposes, there living and
lahoring until his death in 1804.

Our suhject began his education in Tennesseo
and continued it at the winter schools of Indi-
ana, passing his summers in labor upon the
farm. As soon as possible he began teaching
and thuR earned sullicient to attend the Muncie
Academy and secure a good English education.
In 1853 he struck out for Oregon, seeking a
change of climate to benefit his health, and
crossing the plains with ox teams, ho arrived in
safety in the fall of the same year, and settled
near I'arkersville, on French Prairie, in Marion
county, where he taught school for a year. At
Salem he taught school one season in the one-
story schoolhouse, the only public school in the
city' ,

In January, 185(5, ho was elected Auditor of
the Territory, which position he held until th<"
admission of Oregon as a State, in 1859. In
1858 he was elected to the last Territorial and
the first State Legislature, and in 1800 he de-
clined further nominations that he might devote
himself to the practice of his profession, which
he continued nntil 1870, when he was elected
from the Third Judicial District as one of the
.lustices of the Supreme Court of Oregon and
ex ofticio Circuit .ludge of said district. In
1874, by right of succession, he became Chief
.lusticeof the State, continuing until the ex-
piration of his teriii in 1870, lie then followed

his profession until October, 1885, whei; he was
appointed by President Cleveland as (Jonsul-
(leneral to (Calcutta, where ho passed four years
very delightfidly in the discharge of his duties,
with great credit. He returned to Salem in
June, 18!tO, and resumed his practice, at which
lie is still engaged.

Judge Ponham was married in 1S58, to Miss
Mildred A. Paker, daughter of John Paker, an
Oregon pioneer of 1847. Mrs. : onham has
given some attention to literary work, and while
in Calcutta, her descriptions in the letters she
wrote to the Oregon Statesman, were eagerly
perusei.', and higldy commended. Her vivid
pictures clearly portrayed the beauties of that
••city of palaces," and the social relations of
that s'trange people.

They have had seven children, only two of
whom survive, Winona M. and Ua])lnel P.

.ludge Ponhain was admitted to the practice
of the law by the Territorial Supreme Court in
1856, and being a painstaking student he has
alway enjoyed a very successful practice, and
is highly respected among able lawyers and jur-
ists of the coast.

fll. W. II. PYPU, a practitioner of medi-
cine in the Willamette valley, and resid-
ing at Salem, is a native of Oregon, born
at Fairdeld, Marion county, Octolter 31, 1854.
His father, L. A. Pyrd, was a native of Arkan-
sas. In 1840 he crossed the plains to Oregon,
in the company of the Rev. (Jornwall and located
in the Waldo Hills. During the early mining
excitement ho went to California, returning
again to his place in Oregon. Early in the 'SOs
he sold his place in the Waldo Hills, and after,
an interval, during which he again visited Cali-
fornia, he located on a farm at Fairfield. There
ho was married, later, to Miss Martha C. Savage,
and there they reared their family of five eons
and three daughters, William II. Pyrd being
the eldest child. He was educated in the pub-
lic schools of P'airfield and Salem, which were
of a very high order, and subsequently taught
school and began reading medicine. In 1880
he went to San Francisco and into the ofHce of
Dr. L. C. Lane, the leading surgeon of Califor-
nia. The latter was the founder and builder of
Cooper College, a handsome structure, which he
subsequently presented to the medical depart-

IllSTiUtY OF OliKOoN.

ASt

iiiunt of tlie Universiry of tlio I'uciHc, in eoii-
Hidenition of the collt';te iK-iiig imiiu-d for liis
iiiii'le, (!ooper, wlio was oriu ot tlie fouiidurs of
tilt) iiii'ilicHi bc'IiooIh ill Culiforiiisi. Mr. Hyrd
read inudiciiio witii Dr. Lhiiu and atteiidc'(| li'ct-
iires ut. file collego, and in 1881 rotnrntid to
(^re^on and graduated from tiie inediual dcpart-
iiient of tile WiilaiiiHtte University :»t I'ortland.
He then began practice in Salem, wiiicii lie iins
continued witli inarl<ed sueee8!i tiironglioiit tiio
Willamette vuUey.

In the fall of 1889 lie went to New York-
city and took acoiirije at the Xew York J'ost-
(iratinate school, receiving a diploma and re-
turning to Salem in the 6j)riiig of 1890. His
practice was continned alone up to the spring
of 1891, when ho entered into partnership with
Dr. .1. N. Smith. (See tj.is hook.)

Dr. Uynl was married in Salem, in 1882, to
Miss Teresa llolderness, a native of Wasliiiig-
toii, who died in 188(1, leaving one child, Wini-
fred M. lie was again married in September,
1890, to Miss Margaret J. Macrum, a native of
Pennsylvania, hut reared in Oregon, daughter
of I. A. Macrum. cashier of the Merchants'
National Hank.

Dr. Hyrd is a meniher of the blue lodge
ani" chapter in Masonry, and of the I. ().
(). F. For two years he has served as physician
at the State penitentiary. He eschews politics,
having heen offered positions of trust and re-
sponsibility, which he sedulously declines, pre-
ferring to follow his profession.

He was one of the organizers of the North-
west Fire and Marine Insurance Company of
Portland, and is still a stockholder and director
of the First National Bank of Salem.

jMMETTVAN VUANKEN was horn in
liroadalbin, Fulton county. New York, in
1839, and is a son of Garrett and Sylvana
(Midburg) Van Vranken, also natives of the
Empire State. Mr. Van Vranken was promi-
nently conn'-cied with public affairs, and occu-
pied the office of SheriflF and Deputy Sheriff,
ai"i many minor positions for a number of
'ears. Eminctt Van Vranken lived with his
parents until ten years old, and at that tender
nge started out to earn his own support, he was
first employed in a iiotel at liroadalbin, and as
he advanced in years ho was given jjositions of

greater responsibility, lie was coiiiicctcd with
the Iiotel iMiBiiiess until 18t')0, when he deter-
mined to go to the Pacific coast; he ma<lc the
trip via the Isthmus, and after his arrival in ('al-
fornla ho located at lied lilulf; here he had a
hotel and grocery store, and remained in the
place until 18(52; then, in the employ of II. H.
Hiirtt, he went to liritisli Columbia, and en-
gaged in packing from Port Yale to the forks
of the Eraser and (Jaiial rivers; later he packed
to Carriliean, his train being the first to go to
the Carrihcan mines. He wintered in Victoria,
ami during the summer of 18(53 packed from
the forks of Thompson and Eraser rivers to tiki
forks of the Eraser and Canal rivers, a distance
of 300 miles. The winter of 18fl3-'6't was
passed sixty miles north of the Dalles, and
during the summer of 1864 he j)acked from
the Dalles to Idaho. In the spring of 18(55 ho
letiicned to Willamette valley, and pnrdiased a
large number of hogs, which hedrove to (trande
Hondo valley, and there sold them at a handsome
prolit. He returned to the valley in the spring
of 180(5, and engaged in farming in Lane county,
snbso(iiiontly purchasing 150 acres two miles
south of Junction City; there lie resiiled and
carried on' agricultural pursuits until 1882. when
he sold out and moved to Junction City. For
two years he was in the wheat elevator business,
and in 1882 was appointed Postmaster of Junc-
tion City under the Garfield administration. He
tilled the office for two years, and resigned at
the end of that time. He bought the Club sa-
loon at the corner of Front and Avenue streets,
wliich he has since conducted.

Mr. Van Vranken was married in Lane
county, July 4, 1800. to Miss Augusta M.
Gregory, a native of Iowa, and to them have
been born four children: Ella, wife of J. J.
HIew; Willie died, aged one year and four
months; Le Monte and Anna. Our subject is
a worthy member of Junction City Lodge, No.
58, A. F. & A. M.

:<Be^^<^

M . HICKS, proprietor of the Valley
Nursery at Woodburn, was born at
. <» Boyleston, Henry county. Iowa, April
11, 1854, a eon of W. Iv. and Malvina (Seran-
ton) Hicks, natives of Indiana. In 1840 Mr.
Hicks removed his family to Iowa, and contin-
ued the occupation of farming until 1880 when

I •■

AUO

UlsroltY iih' OliKdON.

Iif liiihlic
lirift Hiid

lie sold liiti IhiuI hikI i'otii'<<(l trotii Hctivu pur-
»iii(B; liu iiftt^rwHnl juinuil liiw son in Oitj^oh,
nnil now rchido witli liini. Our siiliji'ct livci|
with liiH piircnti* until lie wiis twontA'tonr }ciirB
of H^(>, Ffcnrin^ hit* ednciition in tlit> pnl)
«'li(,(>ls; liu WH« rciiit'd to Imbits (d' t
indiiHlry. and thoroughly truini'd in all tiif dc-
tailii of aj^ricnltnrt'. In 1W78 hu L-ain(< to Ore-
gon, and first setllod nuar ISilvorton, whuru he
followi'<l fiirininff until 18S(t; then In- caniu to
Wuudliiun and entered the t^niploy of .1. II.
Scttlenu'ifr, proprietor of the Woodbnrn Nurs-
ery. With eharneteristie zeal and enerjry he
bt-'fjan the study of this hnsiness, and soon he-
eairie skillid in all branches of this important
indnsfry. In 1882 he bought live acres of land,
and started a small nursery covering abont one
and a half acres; by dilij^ence and care he
broiiirht about most f;ratifying results, and has
since increased liis acreage to fourteen acres,
and ha.-* a full assortment of small fruits, fruit
trees and rare shniljs. He has built up a good
retail trade, and sells at wlndesale throughout
northern (California, Washington and Hritish
Columbia.

Mr. IJicks wns married at Woodburn in 1885
to Miss Klla liemington, a native of Ore/jfon,
and daughter of D. L. Hemington, who came
to Oregon in 1859. One child has been born to
this union, Ji son named Donald. In 1887 death
entered tlie household and claimed both mother
and child, leaving a bereaved husband to mourn
their loss. Mr. Ilicks l)uilt his cottage home in
1883. and is surrounded .by every comfort. In
October. 1892, Mr. Ilicks was married asecond
time to Mrs. Clarinda May (Lewis) liiches,
daughter of Samuel Lewis. Mr. Lewis came to
Oregon in an early day, and is one of ( )regon's
pioneers, a man much respected by all who knew
him. Mr. and Mrs. Lewis died in 1892. Mr.
his has been more than ordinarily successful in
Ilicks business, and is winning both fame and
fortune. .

i^&<

P. F U A S E li, M. I)., is numbered
among the older practitioners of Port-
Is land. He was born in Cass county,
Michigan, in 1836. His father, Peter Fraser,
was born at Inverness, Scotland. December 25,
1800. He received a collegiate education at
Ediuboro and was trained for the legal profes-

siun. In 1824 he emigrated to the United
Slates and located in Michigan in 1827. Hav-
ing formed an aversion for the i)roressions he
chose all agricnltural life, which he carried on
a larg<* scale tor those days, having under culti-
vation about 400 acres, Mr. I'raser lived a
quiet, unobtrusive life upon his farm, and
though a zealous member of the old Whig
party from its urganizalion and was frcijuently
tendered nominations and high public otKces,
they were always refused and he never accepted
an office higher than town clerk and school
director. Though active in promoting good
government, he preferred the rank and tile to
becoming a leader of hia |)arty.

E. P. Eraser received his literary education
at the Academy at Elkhart, Indiana, and at
the University of Michigan. Like his tathcr,
it was e.vpected that he would take U|> the study
of law, but at an early age he turned his atten-
tion to civil engineering and railroading. Sub-
sequently becoming interested in the study of
medicine, attended his first course of lectures at
the St. Louis Medical College, and the se(^ond
at .letl'erson Medical College, graduating at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.

He entered the army in May, 1801, as Hos-
pital Steward of the Twentieth Illinois Infantry,
where he served tiiree years, the last two acting
as Assistant Surgeon. He was present at the
following battles, receiving several slight
wounds: Erederickstown, Belmont, Fort Don-
elson, Fort Henry, Pittsburg Landing, siege of
Corinth, Hritton's Lane, Tliompscn's Hill, J ack-
son, (Champion Hiljs, siege of^ Vicksburg and
several engagements during Sherman's advance
on Atlanta. The term of enlistment of his
regiment expiring he was mustered out of
service near Marietta. Georgia, June 15, 18fi4.
Soon after this he located in DeKalb county,
where ).e practiced until 1872, when he moved
to Chicago and came to Portland in the spring
of 1878.

Though without a single acquaintance in
the Northwest, he soon took a position in the
front rank of his profession, which he has
constantly maintained. In the fall of 1879
he was elected to the chair of Hygiene and
Dermatology in the medical department of the
Willamette University. In 1880 he was
elected Professor of Oljstetrics and dean of the
faculty, and in 1881 he was made Professor of
Diseases of Women and Children, which chair he
occupied with the office of dean, until his resig-

iiisrony of ohkiwn.

iiiition in 1891, when tlio honor of Enieritiis
I'rofessor was conforred upon him. Tlie ined-
iciil dupartinent of tlie Willaiiietto University
was organized at Salem, in 1804, and removed to
Portland in 1878. Dr. Kraser was the chief

fironioter in erecting the medical building in
'ortland, corner Fifteenth and Couch streets.
This buildina was completed in 1887, costing
$27,<)00. Tne snbHcriptions to the building
fund were largely secured through his efforts,
the plans were drawn upon his suggestions and
he superintended its construction. It is one of
the hnest medical buildings on the J'aciiic
coast.

The Doctor is a member of the A. O. F. A.
M., Geo. Wright Post, Q. A. li. and A. (). U.
W. He is also a member of the American Med-
ical Association; the Oregon State Medical
Society, of which he was secretary from 1882
until 1888; the Portland Hospital Clinical So-
ciety, and is the gynecologist on the stafl" of the
(committee of Arrangements, and chairman of
a section of Ninth International Medical Con-
gress, which was held in Washington, D. C, in
1887, and is now vice-president for Oregon of
the Pan-American Medical Congress, which will
he hold in Washington in September, 1893, and
for the past ten years he has been President of
the United States Pension Examinini; Board at
Portland.

In 1883 the Doctor built him a handsome
residence on the corner of First and Grant
streets, where he still resides. He is now mak-
ing arrangements for an extended trip through
Europe and the Holy Land, and around the
world. He expects to return in 1894 and re-
sume his practice, which he will contiaue until
the end of his life.

-*»

IK. A. J. G I E S Y , one of the foremost
physicians of Portland, was born at Steila-
coom, Washington, October 19, 1853, his
parents being Christian and Emma rWa>;ner)
Giesy. The father, a native of Sw)t::erlaiid,
came with his parents to the United States
when an infant, the family locating near Pitts-
burg, Pennsylvania, and there he was reared.
He was one of the moving spirits in a
company organized to colonize the newer dis-
tricts or the West, and he went to Missouri with
them. In 1853 he came to the Pacific coast

for the purpose of establishing a colony in this
region, and with this object in view proceeded
to Steilacoom, Wiishington. As he did nut tind
things in that section suited to tlie olijectof the
colony, it was ultimately located in Marion
county, (-)regon. He lived at Steilacoom two
years, then removed to Wnllapa, where he lost
Ills life in Shoalwater bay, in 1857.

A. J. Giesy, with whose iiitine this sketch
commences, resided in Washington until eight
years old, after which the family removed to
Marion county, Oregon, where he was reared to
manhood and educated. He entered the drug
store of his uncle, Dr. Martin (iiesy, when six-
teen years of age, and while thus engaged also
studied medicine under that physician. He be-
gan attendance at the medical department of
the Willamette University, Salem, in the winter
of 1874 -'75, and was graduated from that
institution in 187(i, after which he went to
Huron and commenced practice. Five years
later he went to Philadelphia, where lie attended
a course of lectures at the .lelTorson Medical
College, 1881-'82, receiving a diploma,

He returned to Oregon in June, 1882, and
in December of the same year located in Salem.
In 1883 he receiver! the appjintment of assist-
ant physician in the Oregon Itisane Asylum,
and was connected with the institution in that
capacity for two years. He resigned in 1885,
and removed to Portland, where he has taken
rank as one the foremost physicians of the city.
He is a member of the Portland Medical So-
ciety and of the Oregon State Medical Society,
and was president of the latter in 1889. He
now holds the chair of Dermatology and Hy-
giene in the medical department of the Uni-
versity of Oregon .

He was married in Salem on the 10th of No-
vember, 1886, to Miss Ida II. Church, a native
of Oregon, and daughter of Stephen T; Church,
who was secretary of the P. T. Company, and a
widely known and respected pioneer of Oregon.

|-«g

fR. J. N. SMITH is prominent among
the medical profession of the Willamette
valley, and is a resident of Salem. He is
a native of Washington, Washington county,
Iowa, born in 1852. His father, I. N. Smith,
was a native of Kentucky, and emigrated to
Iowa in 1836, then called the Northwest Terri-

SBii

tITsTOHY OF ORMnnif

tory, tliu lii(Jiaii8 still licitig in puseegsioii of
the coimtry. Air. Siiiitli was oiioof the pioncore
to drive uiit tlie Iiuliiiiih itiul to ciuHr up tiie
foimtry and tit it tor oceiipnney.

Tiio Biii)jeut of this tikotcli was udiicateJ at
tlio eoiiiiiioii Buiioolt* of VVasliinirtoii and passed
liis boyhood witii iiis parents upon the farm,
lie also taught i-cliool in Washington eonnty,
and while teucliing at Westchester in 1872, he
bejjan the study ol' medicine under the preeep-
torsliip of Dr. tiesse Hill, and continued study-
ing and teaching until 1874, when, with his
parents, he came to Oregon, and his father set-
tled near I'eoria, Linn county. Here he still
resides at the age of eighty years, and is in the
enjoyment of every facidty and of good health.

On his arrival in Oregon, J. N. Smith went
to the Warm Spring Indian resenation, taught
the Indian school and continued the study of
medicine \inder Dr. John Nicklin, who was
located at the reservation. After two years of
study, he attended lectures at the medical de-
partment of Willamette University, and hegan
practice at Buena Vista, I'olk county, returning
for a second course in the fall of 1880. He
graduatc^d from the medical department of the
college in the spring of 1881. lie then located
at !)allas, i'olk county, and practiced until the
summer of 1888, when he settled at Salem, and
has since followed his ])rofession. He continued
alone until May 1, 1891, when he entered into
])artner8hip w.' '• Dr. W. II. Hyrd, whose biog-
raphy elsewhere appears.

Dr. Smith was married at Dallas in 1883, to
Miss Mattie Ellis, a native of Iowa, and the
union has been blessed with one child.

Dr. Smith is a member of the A. O. U. W.
He has not engaged in politics, nor in other in-
terests outside ills profession, as his love for
that has held him constant in his attendance
upon the sick and in ameliorating the afHiction
or the sorrowing.

ill.MAM M. C. CIIRISMAN, an es-
teemed Oregon pioneer of 1844, and one
of McMinnville's most profperons citi-
zens, was born in Virginia, September 20, 1880.
His parents, Joel D. and Polly (Sproul) Chris-
man, were both natives of the Old Dominion,
where they and their respective families were
well and favorably known. Grandfather Gabriel

Chrisman, was born in Virginia about the year
177f). The family is of (ierman desct'nt, whose
ancestors were early settlers of Virginia. Th('
parents of the subject of our sketch had niiu-
children, eight of whom attained maturity, live
now living. One son is a |)roniinent citi/en ot
the Dalles, Oregon; one lives in V^enlura county,
California; while the others are also esteemed
residents of this State, all of whom are financially
very successful, and staiul high in their various
communities for business entegrity and mo-
rality.

The subject of our sketch was the seventh of
the family, and accompanied his parents to Oie-
gon when he was fourteen years of age. This
was in 1844, aiul that winter was spent in
Oregon City, when in the spring of 1845, the
family came up the Willamette river, about two
miles southeast of the present site of Dayton,
where they pre-empted (540 acres of land bor-
dering on the river. They camptMl on their
claim until their log house was built, whi(di was
covered with boards, with logs laid across to
keep the boards in place. The floor was of split
and hewed timber. All their cattle, with the
exception of three oxen and two cows, had died,
and with the assistance of these oxen and one of
the cows in a team, and a wooden mold-board
plow, they did their first plowing. Ten acres of
wheat were 8owe<l and hariowed in, and with an
extemporized scythe blade and fingers, they
harvested the first grain, wliich was afterward
laid shingle fashion, with heads up, inside of a
corrall, on which they turned the horses, who
ran around upon the grain until it was threshed.
The straw was then piled in the middle, while
two persons with a sheet, fanned the grain,
whicli another person, standing on a box, poured
in front of the fan. In this tedious fashion,
they threshed forty bushels to the acre. Their
provisions for the first year was principally
boiled wheat, and they used parched wheat for
coffee. All the grain was ground in a large
coffee-mill. The seed for their first crop was
borrowed.

The father was an industrious, upright man,
who gave close attention to the affairs of his
farm, taking little interest in anything eUe, ex-
cepting that he was a good shot and loved to
hunt, by which means, the family had all the
venison they wanted. The subject of our sketch
recalls with interest, a visit made them by some
of tlieir young friends, boys and girls, who came
on horseiiack a distance oi fifteen niiles to spend

ItlHTOItY Oh' OltKnoN.

.W;l

the evuiiiiig and Imvu a mtcinl clatice. Tlutrowas
notliiiifr iti tli« lioiiAit to uat, exucjit wheat, anil
the «iil)jt'<'t of our skotdh wan anxious to have
Koniti (leor coirio aloii;;, that hu iiii^ht ailiJ to thu
hinlcr. He soon tliBi-ovtMTd sotne and came to
the lioiiHt! fur th(> gun, when hirt fatlicr caid,
"l,et ino take it; I can j^nt one of tiicni." and the
family Btood in tlu< door and watchci wliile tlic
father kept tiic hriiHii l)etween iiiin €.nd tiie deer,
until he f;ot cIohu eiion^h to nhoot. It wax a
long range, hnt a doe tell wlicn the ^iin cracked.
She proved to he a very (rid one, Init they had
veniHon xteak an<l parched wheat for supper, and
those early gatherinj^s of the young pioneer an
among tlie hrightest memories truHnnreJ hy the
participants to-day.

The mother was ati indiiatrioun, tVuf^al woman,
<levotod to her family and friends, and was innc.h
heloved because of these qualities and her uni-
form (jood nature. Siie was horn I'Vhrnary 17,
17!I8, and died Mareli 27, 1852, leavinj; many
to moiiri) her loss. After Iter death, the father
divided tlie land, giving the youngest sutliuicnt
iiroporty to keep him during the rest of his life.
The father survived until August 10, 1875,
when he expired in the midst of his family and
friends, who had learned to esteem him for his
many sterling ([ualities of mind ami heart, lie
was born November 7, 1795.

The subject of our sketch attended school two
and one-halt' miles fron) his home. This school
was kept on Dayton plains, and was taught by
a Mr. Smith, and there, Mr. Chrisman learned
to spell, read and figure, studying his lessons by
the light of kindlings on the hearth.

When he arrived at maturity he fominenced
life for himself on a half section of land, which
ho worked industriously, and was quite pros-
perous

In 1853 he was married to Miss Margaret
Parrish, a daughter of John and Margaret Par-
rish, who came to Oregon in 1850.

After their marriage they moved on to their
new farm, and while they were building the
hewed-log house, they camped under the shel-
tering boughs of an oak tree, on their land, and
the young devoted wife, helped him raise the
house. This place was located six miles south
of Dayton on the Salem road. They resided
here for six years, when they sold and purchased
the land he has since owned, located seven miles
southwest of Dayton. He first purchased here,
105 acres of land, on which he built a good
house, where he and his wife lived and worked,

meeting with gratifying huccosb and accumu-
lating jiroperty and means. He added from
time to time to his original purchase, until he
lu'ciime the owiu'r of ''.'to acres of as choice
liirming land as was to be fouml in the country.

He then retire<l from his farm, gning to
Amity, where he built a large cnrnf irtalile resi-
dence, where he and his family lived fur six
years. At the end of this time he sold out, and
came to Mc.Minnville, where he |)urchased a
plea-iant home, where he and his family now
reside.

Mr. an<l Mrs. Ohrisman lived very hapjiily
together, Iteing greatly devoted to each other.
They had no family of their own, but took and
raised a child to womanhood. Mrs. Ohrisman
became attticted with a cancer of the stomach,
and her husband cared for her most tenderly,
but after six months' suffering she died in 1881(.
They had been married thirty-seven years, and
Mr. Clhrisman pays a most glowing tril)uto to
her memory, pronouncing her as good a woman
and as devoted a wife as ever lived. She was
universally beloved on account of her lovable
disposition and liigh Christian character. To
express in some slight degrt!o his great love for
his wife, he has placed a beautiful monument
on her grave, which is one of the handsomest
ever seen, and cost 83,000.

Mr. Chrisman was again married Juy 11,
1892, to Sarah A. Kilby, a native of Tennessee.

His farm, which he still owns has been
principally devoted to grain, and has always
been very productive. He is now ri.^singagood
many cattle and draft horses on thepince, which
is proving to be very successful and remunera-
tive. Of late he has been loaning money. He
is a stockholder in the First National Hank of
McMinnville, the prosperity and firm financial
standing of which is proverbial.

He is a strong Republican in politics, wliile
his father was a l)emoerat. Mr. Chrisman
voted the Whig ticket at his firi-t vote, showing
that lie is a person who does his own thinking.
When the Republican party was formed he
joined them, and his constituents nominated
him for Representative to the State Legislature,
but that was an off year for the party, and every
candidate was defeated; not, but that the men
were worthy, but owing to a combination of
circumstances, for which no one was responsible.
While not being an office-seeker, he is, like all
good men, deeply interested in the affairs of his

sa4

HISTOliT OF OKKOON.

|!-

Stnto, iiihI liiiH for ycnrH littitmlud thn coiivcii-
tioMs of liin imrly.

lit) is H itoyal Arcli Mai«on, mid \\w for a
coupli! of toniiH MuHtitr of liis lod^o.

'lliiiH itt addcil aiiiitlii'r iiaiiu; to tlit* already
(glorious throng of Orcgon'K dcvi^lo|MirH and
present Htandiird-lH'art'rM. It in liy ruasuii of
Hiich xti'rlini; (juaiitieH of heart and mind as o.\-
iiihitud l>y tiie present sulijcct, that bIiu ia en-
aliled to tiike sneli a prond stand among tho

Sisterli I of States, standing in the foremost

ranks, with her feet ()lanted on a sure founda-
tion of agricultural and Hnaneial worth, while
the exhilarating hreezes of lilxtrty and tho
hiilniy /.cpliyrs uf happiness liatlie hor celestial
forehead.

ILLIAM 1!. IIENUEUSON, one of the

lending farmers of Umatilla county,
Oregon, was born in Geauga county,
Ohio, October It, lS3t(, and lived there until his
twenty-second l)irthday. lie received his edu-
cation at the Fair View Academy of Oliio, and
then began the arduous duties of teaching,
which calling he followed for sometime '.n his
native state. In the s|)ring of 1862 Mr. Hen-
derson came to the State he now resides in, mak-
ing the trip, via Isthmus, setting sail from Mew
York. The journey consumed thirty- two days
and WHS a smooth one, with the exception of the
Hrst day out. The storm was not a serious one
and Mr. Henderson landed in Portland, April,
1802. As he was without means he began
teaching in Marion and Linn counties, continu-
ing this occupation until he had earned enough
to purchase some land. Mr. Henderson then
farmed his laud until 1878, when he removed
to Umatilla county, where he bought the farm
he now owns, consisting of 480 acres of tine laud.
It is well improved and has a comfortable resi-
dence upon it. Substantial barns further beau-
tify it. Ilr. Henderson now rents his land and
does none of the work himself, there being no
necessity in working hard any more, a daughter
being the only one he has now to provide for.
The wheat raised on Mr. Henderson's farm is as
tine as any grown in the county and he has 300
acres in that staple grain which yield about
9,000 bushels.

Mr. Henderson was married in 18fi7, to Miss
M. J. Deckard, a native of Missouri, who came

across tli(( plains, in IHSli, with her parents, at
the age of six. Mrs. Henderson died, May 18,
l8t>U, leaving a loving husband and little girl
to mourn her loss. 'Ihis daughter, Ella Maud,
is still living with her father. Mr. Henderson,
like many other of the emigrants, came to Ore-
gon with but very little metMis, but by his close
attention to hig busine.'^s he nas accumulated
sutKcient to support himself and daughter very
comfortably, as long as both shall live, without
any more hard work. He has lilled several
small ottices of his township, among which are
Justice ti( the i'i ice a;id minor otHces. In poli-
tico) he IS a Ktancli Uepublican.

Mr. Henderson was the son of William and
Mftry (Vance) llendersvu, natives of (Jrange
county, Ohio. Of tho t\^elve children born to
them our subject was the fourth. Nino of those
children are still livinir Mr. Henderson, Sr.,
had a brother who enlisted in an Ohio regiment,
was captured in the fourteen days' tight in the
Wilderness and sent to Libby prison, but afttir-
ward tra.isferred to Andersonville, where he
died, the cause of his death being the bad
treatment received. No words can paint tho
terrible suiferings of these brave soldiers from
starvation and thirst. Mr. Henderson, Sr., died
February 27, 181)2, from the effects of the grip,
aged eighty-six years. His wife is sti" living
in Ohio, aged eighty-two.

L. AIIRINGTON, Treasurer of Douglas
county, was born in Do Kalb county,

^ » Missouri, in 1845. In 1851 he crossed
the plains with his father, J. M. Arrington, now
deceased, and during the year 1851-'o2 they
farmed in the Willamette valley; moved to
Douglas county in 1852. In 1853 tho father
was one of the organizers of the Territorial
Constitution, and later was an Assemblyinan
and Commissioner of Douglas county. From
1808 to 1872 he was one of the projectors of
the Coos Bay Wagon Road, of which he built
fourteen miles; was a civil engineer by pro-
fession, and his death occurred in November,
1890, aged seventy-seven years.

V. L. Arrington received his education in the
district schools of this county, after which he
tauij;ht in this and Coos counties nine years. In
1882 he was nominated by the Democratic party
for County Superintendent of schools, but was

ui»r<niy of ohkoos

SH/i

(let'eatoil. llo wan tlion ciiga){vil in inuruliaiiiliH-
iiig ami luillill^ iiiilil 188M, wlieii liu wax elvc.tt'tl
CJoiiiily Ti-faHiiror, ami i-o-clfclt'tl in iHliO, and
a^ain in 18'J2. Uiii lii'At nuijurity waH tifty -eix
vuttw, hilt HLToiKJ 'Ahi, anil liis tliini 111. llu
Itcing a Doinocrat, and tim county 'ioO liu)>iil'''
can niajurity, hIiuwm tliat lie i« lieUl in iiigli uh-
teiMn by all partioK. In lliu fall of 18H0 Mr.
Arrington war< one of tlut prime niovurD in the
Hnilding and i^uan Anisociation, which wii nr-
^anii^L-d with a capital utock of i{tl(M),(l(M) t in
turn- year8 ha» hiiilt thirty-four honiioB, ami
acciimiilatud and loanui' i(t2li,U24 lie ia now
Burving an wcrotary of thin ansociution. li.
February, 18i)2, ho orj^anizi'd a Ituilditiir and
Loan AsHociatioii in Oakland; it) ttocrctary of the
Kosehurj^ Water Company and the 1. (). (). V.
Building AHsociation. The latter waH organized
in 1892, with a capital stock of 812,000, in-
ereai^ed to #1(1, 500, its object being to build an
Odd Fellows' hall and opera houte, at a cost of
#1(5,000. Our Bubjoct was also one of the orig-
inators of the Uuipqui^ Valley Canning Com-
pany, with a capital stock of !^12,000, of which
lie is also the secretary; in 1878 was made a
Motary I'ublic, and is still one; and in 1888 was
the originator of an abstract otiice, which he
Bubt«equently sold. lie owns a section of tine
timber land in Comas valley, and a one-third
interest in a sawniill adjoining the claim.

Mr. Arrington was married in 1877, to Miss
Sidna C. Anderson, a native of Oregon, and who
died in 1870. They had one child, James 1.
M. In 1884 the lather married Miss Julia 8.
McCouell, a nativeof Oregon, and they have had
tour children: Lily Frances, Charley M., de-
ceased; Julia Violett, and Vincent M. Our
subject's beautiful residence is located on
Stephens street, and ho also owns other valuable
pr iperty in this city. Ho is an energetic and
public-spirited citizen, and to such as he the
material prosperity of liosebi'rg is greatly due.

fllARLES W. WASIIBURNE, who is en-
gaged in agricultural pursuits near Junc-
tion city, Oregon, was born in Gallia
county, Ohio, in 1824, a son of llobert and Eva
(lioy) Washburne. His parents were natives of
Virginia and descendants of the colonial settlers
of that commonwealth. Charles Washburne,
the grandfather of our subject, was killed by

the Indians near ('larksburg, Virginia, during
tlu< t'arly border warfare. Kobcrt WaHhlmrne
removed with his family to Ohio about 1822
and engaged in farming; later he went to Illi-
nois, and afterward to Deii Moines county.
Iowa, where he and his wife passed the re-
'ainder of their lives. Cliarlos W. renmined
V ith his parents during their lifetime, and con-
tinued agricultural pursuits in Iowa until the
i.')ld excitement in California spread over il'o
entire country. He crossed the plains with a
')m|i.iiiy of seventy, binding at Coloma Octo-
Im>i, 1841). After about tifteeii months of min-
ing in that locality and at (Jeorgetown he went
to San Francisco, where he took a sailing vessel
down the coast. C<,..iing iiy way of the Isth-
IIIII.S, crossing lake Nicaragua, down the river
San •luan, the |>roposed canal route, he returned
to his home in Iowa,

He was married in November, 1851, to Miss
Catherine A. Stansl)ury. Ho then settled upon
a farm in Henry county, Iowa, and followed
farming until the S])ritig of 1853, when he sold
out ami a^ain crossed the plains, his destination
being Oregon. Ho had two wagons, ci^it yoke
of oxen and some loose cattle. The event of the
journey was the birth of his oldest child on the
plains near Chimney liock. They crossed the
Cascade mountains by the Harlow route and
landed at Foster's in the fall of 1853, aftei' six
months of travel. Mr. Washburne located his
donation claim of 320 acres, one and a half
miles southwest of the present town of .1 unction
City. He built a log cabin with a ihake roof,
which he completed in time to have shelter
from the winter rains. He then began farming
and breeding from the animals he brought with
him; gradually established a largo live-stock
business. He also secured other lands to the
amount of 6,000 acres, which ho still retains,
besides large property interests in Washington.
He has been an extensive grower of grain, sow-
ing from 300 to GOO acres annually. In 1874
he removed to his present home, adjoining
Junction City.

Mr. and Mrs. Washburne are the parents of
eleven children: Ella is the wife of John Wort-
man, of Portland; George S., deceased, was a
prominent attorney and judge of Lane county,
standing very high in his profession; he mar-
ried Miss Minnie L. Lookwood, who with two
sons, Chester W. and Karl G., survive him;
Thomas A. and Chester D. are both deceased;
Eva J. is the wife of Kobert Hill, a merchant of

r,m

ItlSTOny I'F OIlh'OON.

I ii I

Colfax, Wivsliiiigtoii; Byron A., William 0.,
Kinina A., Bertha K., Frederick W.and LetitiaS.
In 1872 Mr. Wasliburrie represented the Re-
publican party of Lane comity as a member of
the Legislature. In 18m he jinrehased the
mill property at Springfield and put in a com-
plete roller process, with a capacity of luO bar-
rels a day. Tlii? establishment is conducted by
his two sons, Byron and William. He made
an addition to Jutiction City in 1891, and was
one of theorffanizors of the .1 unction City Hotel
Company, of which he is still president. He is
one of the most active ami protiressive men of
the town, and has done his sliare in developing
her resources.

fAPTAIN A. C. FISH Ell, one of the enter-
prisincr men of Astoria and copartner in
the linn of Fisher Brothers, was born in
Gern:any, in 1846. In 1855 his parents emi-
grated to America and located in Lyme county,
Connecticut, where they engaged in agricultur-
al pursuits, until ISC-t, wlien the entire fariiily
removed to Oregon and located a homestead, in
Clatsop county.

The subject of this sketch accompanied his
parents through the various changes, until
reaching Oregon, when he fortned a partnership
with his brother, Henry, and they built the
schooner, "Ella Nora,'' which they operated for
ten years, doing general freighting business
ab. ut the river and harbor. In 1874 our sub-
ject purchased an interest in the steamboat,
"Onietta," in partnership with 1). K. Warren,
C. A. McGnire and (Captain Babbidgc, and to-
gether they ran the boat between Astoria and
Siskiyou, in a general freight and passenger
business. In 187r) Captain Fisher bought the
steamer, "Sam," and ran it on the same route
for several yea. r, developing such a trade that
greater facilities were required and he then
built the steamer, "Electric,'' which he operated
until September, 188'J, when he sold out and
bougiit the interest ot Louis Wilson, of the
firm of Wils.ui & Fisher and then established
the firm of Fii-lier Brothers, which continued
in the same line of merchandise as iiefore, car-
rying groceries and hardware, also ship-chan-
dlery and agricultural implements. The firm
occupy a building erected by Captain P'isher, in
1877, when the streets were unimproved and

the work wa» done from boat along side. Streets
and building were completed about the same
time and Wilson & Fisher established the pres-
ent business. The surviving member was born
in Lyme county, Connecticut, and came to Ore-
gon with his parents in 1864. Arriving at
mature years he engaged in boating witli his
brothers, and later was employed in the cannery
of A. Booth & Company, in various capacities.

In 1876 he took a course at the Commer-
cial Business College, at Portland, and in 1877
he formed the copartnership with Mr. Wilson,
and without experience they put up $1,000
each, as working capital, and embarked upon
the business, which lias since been so successful.
From this small beginning their business now
averages about $100,000 per year.

He was married, in Astoria, in 1877, to Miss
Clara Madison, and they have one child, Earl
Augustus. Captain Fisher is unmarried. He
is a member of I. O. (). F. Encampment and
■>ne of the exempt firemen.

The Fisher brothers own valuable busines.s
and resident property, both se^-arately and
jointly, and as enterprising, executive busi-
ness men. are actively enlisted in the devel-
opment of the city of Astoria.

tOBERT M. PORTER, of Forest Grove,
came to Oregon in 1850. He was born in
Clark county. Ohio, August 7, 1826. His
father, Ebenezer Porter, was of Scotch ancestry,
early settler of New England, born in Virginia
and removed to ( )hio and resided at what is
now Cincinnati for three years. He went to
Dayton and married Hannah Streef, of Vir-
ginia, of Irish ancestry. They raised three
children. Mr. Porter, our subject, was the eld-
est child and he lived in Ohio until he was
twenty-three and then crossed the plains to Ore-
gon and took up a donation claim near Forest
Grove. There was a mill privilege on the
property, but later he sold it and went to For-
est Grove November 13, 1850. One settler,
Milton Tuttie comprised the city of Forest
Grove at that time. Mr. Porter maile that
place his home and purchased a village lot
building on it the house that Mr. Garrison now
occupies. He resided on the west side of the
town for five ycar^.

In 1852 lie married Caroline Brown of Mis-

Ilia

BISTORT OP OREGON.

srn

soiiri. They liad three cliildren, Ebeiiezcr, Mav
and Tobiutha. May married and soon after
died and Tol)iatha became the wife of AVill-
iain (/oopor, of Tillamook. Mrs. I'orter died
in 1859, and later ho married Mrs. Laura
Stokes. Her maiden name was Selover. She
had four children by Mr. Stokes and one by
Mr. I'orter. This was a dauifhter named £s-
telle. She died in her twenty-eighlli year. Af-
ter his marriage with Mrs. Stokes he sold the
town property and moved to her farm which
joins the town and he resided on thi.'< prop-
erty twenty years and then purchased a house
and lot in Forest Grove, where he and iiis wife
now reside. Mrs. Porter came to Orcffon in
1851, and her first husband in 1846. She came
from Tompkins county, daughter of Peter Se-
lover. Tlie Stokes' donation claim included the
present college grounds and Mrs. Porter still
owns 100 acres of tlio original claim.

Mrs. Porter is a member of the Uongroga-
tional Church a:;d when siio joined it it was
held in a log cabin. Her children by lier first
marriage are, Alice, now Mrs. William Turpin;
Filla, now Mrs. Thomas Floyd; Laura, now Mrs.
Albert Young. Her son Charles lives in Fore-st
drove and is telegraph operator on the Times.
She has twelve grandchildren. Mr. Porter be-
came a Republican when the party was organ-
ized and was a strong Union man at the time
that (inestion came up. He has been an uprigiii
honoroble man and has resided in Oregon forty-
two years. He is known and highly esteemed
by all the pioneers.

fOHN KOPP, the genial and obliging pro-
prietor of the North Pacific Brewery of
Astoria, was born in Switzerlandv in 185o,
a sou of Joseph Kopp, a resident of Astoria,
Oregon, aged severty-four years. Our subject
was reared to farm life in his native country,
and in 1873 emigrated to the United States,
hjca-ing in Michigan, near lake Superior, where
he was engaged in the iron and copper mines.
In 1875 he removed to Illinois, where he was
engaged as a day laborer one year, followed the
butcher's business at Storm Lake, Iowa, engaged
in gold mining iii the Black Hills, followed his
trade in Montana, in 1888 started the Bay View
Preweryat Seattle, with A. Henrich as a part-
ner, and in 1884 established the North Pacific

Brewery at Astoria. The plant is located on
Sixth street and Abernette avenue, and the ca-
pacity of the brewery is 15,()0() barrels jier year,
and of the ice i)latit ninety tons per month. He
employs from ten to fifteen men the entire year,
and not only supplies the city of Astoria, but
Tillamook, South Bend, Sea Side and all coast
points. He has estaltlished an enviable reputa-
tion as a good business man, and enjoys the
confidence of all with whom he sustains business
relations.

In 1891 Mr. Kopp was chosen as Councilman
by the residents of the Third Ward of Astoria,
and in 1890 was nominated by the Democratic
party as Senator for this district. By that party
being in the minority he was not elected,
although he I'an ahead of his ticket. He was
married in 1880 to Miss Annie Boentgen, a
native of Germany, and they have the following
children: John, Julia, Lizzie, Anna, Lena and
Ilattie. Socially, our subject attiliates with the
Elks, the K. of P. and tiieSonsof Herman. IIo
is still in the prime of life, but as a man of
business and enterprise, he stands second to none
in Astoria, and no public enterprise in the city
lacks his financial support.

|EV. JOSIAH L. PARRISH, the oldest
living pioneer of the State of Oregon, was
born in Onondaga county. New York, on
January 14, 1806. His father, Benjamin Par-
rish, a native of the State of Connecticut, was
born in 1777, during the Kevolutionary war.
He was of English ancestry and came to the
colonies with the Puritans. He married Miss
Sally Lamberson, a native of Mew Jc-sey, who
was of Dutch ancestry. They had ten chil-
dren, of whom five are still living. Josiah L.
Parrish was their oldest son. He was sent to
the public schojls. He learned the blacksmith
irnde of his father, and worked at it so young
thftt he had to stand on a stool to blow and
strike. He remained in his native town until
he was sixteen years of age, when they removed
to Monroe county, and later to Allegany
county. He worked on tin* P>ie canal at Brock-
port, and later left Allegany county for New
York in 1839. Fri.ni there, on the 9th of
October, 1839, he started for Oregon, with the
liev. Jason Lee and party. They sailed on the
ship Lausanne, going by the way of Capo Horn

ji ^j. .^^g^mmmam

mmmmmfm mmmmm

638

HISTORY OF OREGON.

an J the ^aiidwicli islaiuls, niul arrived in Ore-
gon in May, IS'iO. Tliore were in the company
liev. A. F. Waller, liev. (iustavns liines, iiev.
J>. II. Jndi^on, Kev. Jamee Olley, Rev. J. L.
Parrish, Dr. J. J^. Habeock, Mr. George Aber-
natliy, Mr. Iloulton (Janijibell, Ur. John II.
Ricliniond (^wiio is now in Dakota), Mr. II. B.
Brewer, Mr. W. W. Raymond and their fami-
lies, and Miss C. A. Clark, Miss KImer I'helps,
Miss Almira Phelps and Miss Orpha Lankton.
Mr. I'arrisli was raised a Methodist, having
been converted when ten years of age and pow-
erfully renewed when eighteen years of age.
lie was an ordained minister when he came
with the missionaries, hut lie was also a good
blacksmith, in which latter capacity he acted
for some time, doing the blacksmithing tor tlie
missionaries and others. He was blacksmith,
harnessinaker, wiigon and tool maker, and, like
8t. Paul, "all things to all men." They first
stopped at the old mission, ten miles below
Salem, on the Willamette river. After black-
smithing three years he was sent as a mission-
ary to the mouth of the Columbia river. He
found one white man there, named .lames Bur-
ney, who bad an Indian wife. An Indian
named King George piloted their boat up the
I'iver. Rev. Daniel Lee helped him start Ins
missionary work. There were plenty of Indians
at Vancouver, and they came oii board Mr.
Parrisli's boat, and, although he could not
bpeak a word of their language, yet he had
known the Indians and their customs in the
East from the time he was a boy, and he gave
tliein some tobacco and they put it in their
jiipes and smoked it. Mr. Parrish thinks the
Indians swallowed the smoke, as it appeared to
mak^ them very sick, and they would fall down
as if ilead, but soon recovered. He landed on
Clatsop plains, seven miles south of the Colum-
bia river, where, w^ith his wife and three cliil-
<lren, he lived, learned the Indian language and
taught them to work and preached to them the
story of the Cross. He worked at splittitig rails
and at everything that needed doing. His wav
with the Indians was, " (>)me, boys, let us do
this." He always told them the truth and
never allowed hinis.df to betray the least fear.
They became his fast friends and would do any-
thing for him, and many of them embraced
Christianity. In IH-l'J he was appointed Indian
agent, his territory extending from (California to
Britioh Columbia. He had for five years the
arranging and settlement of all difficulties be-

tween the Indians and the whites. He suffered
great exposure and had many hairbreadth
escapes. He gained the entire contldence of the
Indians and never had any trouble with them.
After five years' service he received a re-ap-
pointment for four more years, but, on account
of his wife's ill health, he resigned.

During the gold excitement in California a
party of white men were sent from Port Auford
to find a trail that would connect with the trail
for California. On the Coquille river they
came in contact with about 200 hostile Indians,
by whom several of the white men were killed,
and tiiose that escaped suffered greatly before
returning to Port Auford. They returned the
day that Mr. Parrish arriveil on ship at i^ort
Auford. Mr. Parrish was accompanied by Dr.
Dart, who was the Superintendent of Indian
Affairs. Dr. Dart wanted a conference with the
Coquille Indians, and asked Mr. Parrish to
take forty well-armed men and go and find
them, ifc replied, " I will go if you will let
me take my own way. All 1 want is three red
blankets, a whole piece of red calico, a pony to
pack the goods on, some hanl-tack find salmon
and a trusty Indian that can talk (Joquille, and
also some tobacco." Their reply was, " They
will kill you," but he said," I know the Indians
better than you do." He started with this out-
fit, saying to them, " Von may look for me
back in two and a half days." When he arrived
within about a mile and a half below the In-
dians" camp he halted and made his camp. Ho
then sent his guide forward with the red blank-
ets to present to the throe chiefs, and told him
to stay with them over night and ask them in
the morning to come and see him, unarmed.
In the morning he went out of his camp a short
distance and saw two Indians coming, and got
iH'hind a largo rock out of their sight and re-
tired to his camp. They came to the rock and
peeked around it, and he beckoned for them to
come to his camp. He gave them some tobacco
and calico and bade them sit down. In half an
hour his Indian returned with twenty-eight In-
dians, armed and painted for war. When they
came in sight he beckoned for them to come
nearer. He gave each a bit of tobacco and asked
them to sit down. They formed a half circle,
with his Indian Jack and himself in the middle,
and he gave them a talk, the purport of which
was, that he was a chief, representing his peo-
ple, and if they would treat his people well it
would be all right. He told thcin that he had

HISTORY OF OREGON.

639

known Indiann from a boy and knew their cus-
toms and habita. He had a large red sash
around his waist, tied in a bowknot on one side.
He untied it and told the head chief to stand up.
Mr. Parrish then approached him and tied the
scarf around him, and said, "This is my heart
and my talk, what is your heart?" The chief
stood a moment, then turned to his son, took a
sea-otter skin from his shoulders and handed it
to Mr. Parrish. That ended the treaty. They
then all had a repast of hard-tack and salmon.
After this General Palmer was made Sup-
erintendent. In 1854 Mr. Parrish was Indian
agent of the district from California to Coos
bay, several treaties were made with the
Indians, which resulted in much good to the
country. He gave them blankets, shirts, shoes
and hats, and was with them live months,
organizing their district, and became thoroughly
acquainted with them. He was informed at
Port Auford that miners near the California
State line had had trouble with the Indians, and
that a white man had been killed by three
Indians, and there was danger of the miners
making war on the Indians to obtain satisfac-
tion. Mr. Parrish was to arrest the offenders and
give them a fair trial, and thus make peace
according to law. He had learned that the
Indians, who had killed the white man, were
near the California State line, so he went down
the coast, treating with the different tribes as
he went down. At one place the whites had
burned out the Indians, and there was a very
e.xcited and warlike feeling among the Indians.
He sent out word to them that the man of peace
had come. The Indians were naked and wild,
their women having only a stritig around them,
from which hung strips of cedai bark down to
the knees. He staid with the Indians for six
days, and treated with them. He told them that
they had three Indians who had killed a white
man, and they must deliver them to liim to be
dealt with according to law. They agreed to
deliver them the next morning, but when the
morning came, the guilty ones had gone. He
singled out twenty of them, and said, " I will
take these to Port Auford, if you do not deliver
the men." So the ne.xt day they brought in two
of them, the otiier had escaped up tlie Rogue
river. He tlien sent tivo chiefs after the man,
and told them to meet him at the moutli of
Rogue river with the man, and he started back
•vith the others. Wheh he arrived at the mouth
•f the river, the chiefs were not there, so he

took a canoe and went to see where they were.
After he had gone up ten miles he met the
chiefs. They reported that they could not get the
Indian, that they bad had trouble, and bad come
near lighting. Mr. Parrish said, "Never mind,
turn back with me." When he arrived at the
village, he told tbeni that he was like the sun,
that always accomplishes its designs, and be must
have the man. Tiiey said he liad gone. Mr.
Parrish asked if the man had any friends, then,
and the chiefs turned out his wile and sister.
Mr. Parrish told them to get into his canoe and
also told the chiefs to get in. Tlien he talked
to them, and told them lie would take them to
Wright's cabin, down the river, and remain
there until morning. If they brought the man,
they could return; if not, he would take them
to Port Auford. Al that they made a great yell
of terror, and he started, saying good-by. On
the way down, there was an eagle trying to get
a duck. When the canoe reached whore he was,
he was foiled in his attempt, and alighted in the top
of a tree. As the boat was being pushed rapidly
down stream, lie raised his rifle and shot the
eagle. The Indians were tilled with amazement
at his power. He put the Indian chiefs and the
women in the cabin, and he kept watch in front
of it during the night. About nine o'clock in
the morning, a woman came with food for them.
She asked if he was going to take them to Port
Auford, he said, "Yes, unless they bring the
Indian." She went off crying. In about an hour
one hundred Indians came, driving the man
before them, and he was perspiring at every
pore. Mr. Parrish approached him and offered
his hand to shake, and said, "Where is your
heart?" He said, "He didn't know." Mr. Parrish
said, "Will you go with me to Port .Vutbid, or
will you be like a dog and run in the biiu-'.i,
when you get a chance?" He said, "I will go
with you, as living as 1 live." Mr. Parrish tied
a cord a round his arm, then nntied it, and put
Jt in his pocket. When they reached the place
where Mr. Parrish's horse was, Mr. Parrish
rode on a trot, and the Indian kept up. They
had peninsula to cross, where there was much
water, but the Indian plunged in and followed
tlirough. Darkness overtook them eight miles
from Port Auford. and they made a fire of drift-
wood. Mr. Parrish told the Indian to lie down,
which he was glad to do. Mr. Parrish watched
him until two o'clock in the morning, when the
tide went out, and they started on, and arrived
at Port Auford, where he met Oeneral Palmer

840

HTSTOlir OF OREGON.

Hiiil his party, iiiid tlie iiu'ii lin liiid sent witli
the two liuliariB were there also. The Iniliniis
were kept tor six weeks, ami as there was- no
li.'gal eourt, tiiroiigii the solicitation of Mr.
Parrish, tliey were alloweil to go to their trieiuls.
At the tinie.tiiev had killed the man, they had
jii8t eseapcd from tlieir biirniiii; houses, and that
initi^iited the crime, and it was believed that a
court would have acijuitted them. All of this
is related as a reminiscence of tiie early days,
and to show the wonderful courage and power
Mr. I'arrish had. lie returned to Salem, where
he found his wife sick. He had been with the
Indians live months, (leneral Palmer wanted
him to return, but he resigned his post as In-
dian agent. His ife never recovered, but lin-
gered alon>i until 1870, when she died. During
nearly all the time he was engaged in preaching.
He was stationed at Portland, Oregon, as
preacher in 184'J, and has preached at many of
the appointments iif the State.

His tii-st marriage occurred in 1833, to Miss
Elizabeth Winn, a native of New York. They
had four children. They lost the oldest son,
Lamberson \V., the first year they were in Ore-
gon, in September. 18-10. The surviving sotis
are Norman O., Samuel B. and Charles \V.
S. n. is chief of police at Portland; C. W. is a
lawyer at Canon City, he was born on Clatsop
Peach, in 1844, and was one of the first white
children born in Oregon; and N. O. resides in
Salem.

His second marriage occurred in 1870, to
Miss Jet-nie L. Lichenthaler. They had two
daughter.s, (Trace and .Josie. Mrs. Parrish died
in 1887, and in 1888 he married his present
wife, Mrs. M. A. Pierce, a native of Indiana,
and widow of Mr. .1. O. Pierce, a pioiseer of
Washington county, Oregon. She had one son
by her jjrevious marriage. Mr. Parish is now
in his eighty-sixth year, as straight as an arrow,
and is in the enjoyment of all of his faculties,
except that he is a little deaf. He has lived a
long and useful life, which he has devoted to the*
Methodist Church, the Willamette University,
and the State of Oregon, to the cause of Indian
humanity and to God. He was one of the first
trustees of the Willamette University, and has
given to it much pecuniary aid. He has been
elected a lifehonor.iry president of the Board
of Trustees, and for twenty-five years ha>= oc-
cupied that ])iisition. He iias been the owner
of eonsiderabh: valuable land in the Willamette
valley, near Salem, and has also hiid valuable

city property in Portland, having bnilt several
business blocks, and at one time lost $40,000 by
signing notes and bonds with people whom ho
desired to help. He has given liberally of his
means for the advancement of the cause nearest
his heart, and still has enough left to keep him
comfortably in his ripe old age. Ho had the
honor of being invited to drive the first spike
in the Oregon & (lalifornia railroad, in Port-
land, at which, with others, he nnide a speech.
With a broad-ax, which he still owns, lie drove
in 1889, the first spike in the first street railroad
in the city of Salem. This broad-ax was
brought to Oregon in 1833, and did all the early
work for the missions requiring the use of siicii
an article, including all the hewing for the
mission farm below Salem. It was taken in
184» to Clatsop, and did all the hewing on the
mission there, and was lost in the Willainette
river while being taken there, but was recovered
after lying in the I'iver bottom for about a
month. It is now in the museum of the Willam-
ette University, having been prefented to that
institution by Mr. Parrish, in 1892. For seven-
teen years, witliout money and without price, he
has y)reached the gospel of repentance toward
God and faith in the Lord Jesus Christ to the
convicts in the State penitentiary, and on one of
his birthdays, he was presented by the officers
and convicts with a gold-headed cane in token
of their regard, and in appreciation of the in-
terest he had taken in them. i. 1888 his resi-
dence was destroyed by fire, and he lost his cane
in it, but he has since gotten another gold-
headed cane, and has purchased a good, new
residence. Here surronnded by his family,
and in the enjoyment of universal love and
veneration, he is gradually nearing his reward.
May his life be spared many years is the heart-
felt wish of many affectionate friends, which
wish is echoed by whites and Indians alike,
whose abodes dot the hills and valleys from
California to Oregon.

SHANK M. MANSFIELI),apioneer of Ore-
gon and a most respected citizen of Uma-
tilla county, was born in Knox county,
Illiimis, March 13, 1835. He was the si.vth
child in a family of nine children born to James
and Elizabeth (Champion) Mansfield, both of
Ivenlueky, who were married in that State, re-

tmmmmmmimmm

HisToiiY OF o/ifyioy-.

moved to Iiuliaiin, ami in 1883 to Illinois. 0\\v
subject grew up as a fanner boy, and wben his
father decided to go to Oregon lie was eaj^er to
accompany him. For twenty years Mr. Mans-
field, Sr., has been one of the leading men in
Knox county, where he had been one of its early
settlors, but in 1853 he decided to cross the
plains and again try pioneer life in a new coun-
try, therefore, supplying themselves with plenty
of horses and oxen, they started out and in the
fall of 1852 reached the Willamette valley in
Oregon. They were six months on the road,
but had no trouble with Indians and encountered
those hardships which were the natural result of
a journey of tliat length througli the wilderness.
Mr. Mansfield took up 320 acres of land in Lane
county, which he improved and made into a
comfortable home, l)ut his death occurred No-
vember 20. 1862, when he was sixty-Hve years
of age. Ilis wife survived him until May 20,
1884, when she passed away at the good old age
of eighty-eight.

Our subject attended the district schools of
Illinois before he started for the West, at which
time he was eij^hteen years old. After reaching
his new home he entered the mines and worked
in Idaho and Oregon, and was very successful
in his endeavors. After some time lie quit
mining and entered into the sawmill business,
and continued that for five years in the Willam-
ette valley and sold it to buy a ferry boat, which
ho conducted at the crossing of the Willam-
ette river at Ilarrisburg, and had a line of
drays to couiiect with it and run into the town.
This employment he continued until 1873, when
he moved to Umatilla county and located on 160
acres of fine land three miles east of Athena.
This place ho has improved, and now has one of
the most desirable homes in the county. He
was always industrious, and being a man of in-
telligence has known how to profitably improve
his place and now can well be proud of the re-
sult. When he built his fine residence he
thought of the future and set out rows of trees,
so that the three acres which he devoted to his
home place should be beautiful, and now his
grove is a thing of beauty, some of the 'trees
measuring two feet in diameter. He has added
to his original purchase and now has 320 acres
of land under cultivation, and he and hit only
eon manage it all.

Our subject was married December 25, 1866,
to Miss Nanny E. Purdy, a native of Illinois,
who came to Oregon in 1865, and they spent

•4

many years of hap|)ini'So tngctther, but January
29, 1886, she was called away from life, leaving
desolate her husband and one child. The latter,
iJavid 11., is living now with a family of his
own near his father. Our subject was married
a second lime September 25, 1887, to Mrs.
].,izzie White, born in Boone county, ilissouri,
June 30, 1846, a daughter of Mathew and
Sarah (llicks) Fountain, the former a native of
Kentucky and the latter of Missouri. Mrs.
Mansfield was married to her first husband, Mr.
Peregrine White, in 1862. He was a native of
Massachusetts and died in 1882 at the age of
forty-nine years, the only child of the marriage
dying in infancy. Mrs. .Mansfield is a lady of
many accompMshments and of great refinement
and manages her home with taste and ease.

At the outbreak of the Rogue river Indians
our subject volunteered and assisted in the put-
tini,' down of the bands of savages and took
part in some severe battles, lla is a self-made
man and one much respected in the neighbor-
hood. Politically he is a supporter of Demo-
cratic principles and well known all over the
county.

G. HOVEY.— That the pioneers of Ore-
gon were a sturdy, intrepid and sel"-
'* reliant class of men, no one who shall
study their character and history will ever dis-
pute. There is scarcely a citizen of Oregon
who has not known or heard of Hon. A. G.
Ilovey. Ever since his settlement he has borne
an active part in the ))ublic interests of the
Territory and State. His aggressive, pushing
disposition indicate the stern qualities of cour-
age aiul purpose which form the basis of his
character, moral and mental, and displace the
more ephemeral (qualities of a purely senti-
mental hopefulness or ambition. He is an ex-
emplar of the adage that "God helps those who
help themselves," and his whole life has bristled
with instances indicative of such belief. lie
was born in the country town of Londonderry,
New Hampshire, forty miles from Hoston, July
11, 1830, a scion from honored ancestry in the
history of New England. The American branch
of his name originated with three brothers who
came from England soon after the Revolution-
ary war, and settled each in one of the States of
Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut. Cap-

5«

HISTORY OF ORKOON.

tain tloliii Ilovey, tlie liitlier of oiir Bubject,
was born in MassHC'luisetts. Not possessing tiie
sortlid riclies of life, liis ciiief inlu'ritaiice was
a iiiiml ijiiii'k to observe, rapid to coinjireiiend,
and concise in expression. With a limited edu-
cation lie was put to the carpenters' trade, in
whieli he became proficient and a master i)Hilder.
His inlhience as a citizei" was proverbial in tlie
comninnitiea where he V.ed. lie died in 1S51,
ajj;ed sixty-tive years. He married Miss Abigail
Ihiston, of Manchester, New Hampshire, a de-
Ecendnnt of Mrs. Hannah Duston, whose hus-
band and infant were murdered and she taken
captive, but with one otiier prisoner escaped at
nifilit, after scalpinjj; several of the Indians with
their own tomaliawks, and returned with their
scalps as trophies to the settlement. She was a
true type of Puritan womanhood, robust, in-
trepid, yet gentle iind kind. Mrs. Abigail
llovey, the mother of our subject, was a woman
privileged with a higher education, possessing
elements of culture and refinement, which made
her noted for her general intelligence and in-
Huencu. She difc<l in 1883, aged nearly ninety
years.

A. G. Ilovey was one of eight children, six
sons and two daughters, tlie latter being the
eldest and youngest. When quite a lad his
parents removed to the historic town of Mari-
etta, Ohio, where he was educated in its .ichools.
At his earliest manhood, in 1849, we find him
u member of a company of twenty men, crossing
the plains with ox teams to the gold mines of
California. Leaving St. .Joseph, Missouri, in
April, four of their number died of cholera,
which raged among the large emigration during
the first half of their journey. Their route was
taken by the North Platte, South Pass, Hear
river, Sublett's cut-off, Humboldt and Carson
valleys, to Sacramento city, California, where
the renniining sixteen arrived in ()ctol)er.
Fitting there for the mines, they located at
iihoades' bar, C'nyunue river, during the fall,
but the company spent the winter in the
diggings at Long's Hollow, in the Woaver dis-
trict, .^fter a year, not being one of the luck-
iest, and having a taste for an agricultural com-
munity, rather than a mining one, and induced
by the passage by Congress of the «)regon dona-
tion land law, secured by Oregon's delegate,
S. li. Thurston, he embarked at San '"r.-icisco
by steamer, and arrived at Portland, Oresron. in
October, 1850, passing u[) the Willamette val-
ley, slopping at Oregon City, Salem, Albany

and IJrownsville, located at Corvallis (then
Marysville), and taught its first school, com-
mencing in December. The families of Dick-
son, Stewart, Avery, Stout, Alexander, Baker,
Knotts, Trapp, Mulkey and Newton tarnished
his pupils at that early day, many of whom
still live and have held honorable positions
in the communities of the State. Mr. Ilovey
points with some pride to this early service in
lii« career. His first labor was performetl for
Hon. Wayman St. Clair, then jtioneer merchant.
Early in 1851 ho was appointed Clerk of the
United States District Court for Iknton county,
by O. C. Pratt, then one of the judges of the
Territory, and later was elected by the people
the first Clerk of that county. While serving
in these courts, Mr. Ilovey read law, and in
1853 was admitted to practice by Hon. George
II. Williams, then United States District Judge,
and later was admitted in the Supreme Court of
the State, but never practically entered the pro-
fession, preferring business pursuits, in which
he has always been a busy man. In 1853 Mr.
Ilovey married Miss Mary Ellen Mulkey, eldest
daughter of Hon. Luke Mulkey, pioneer of
Benton county. She died in 1861, aged twenty-
five years. In 1853 Mr. Ilovey declined tlie
county offices which he had held, and located
u|)on his donation claim, near Corvallis, where
he became a practical and successful farmer
until 1861. Politically, Mr. Hovey's feelings
and sentiments placed him in line with the Ke-
publiean party; was among the earliest who
assisted in its organization in Oregon, and at its
first State Convention was chosen one of three
delegates to the Uepublican National Conven-
tion at Chicago in 1860, and instructed for Mr.
Seward. Neither Mr. Ilovey, Mr. Holmes or
Dr. Warren being al)le to attend, their proxies
were sent to Horace Greeley, of New York, with-
out instructions, who cast their votes for Abra-
ham Lincoln, thereby securing his first nomina-
tion. In 1884 Mr. Ilovey was again chosen
one of six delegates to the National Republi-
can Convention at Chicago, and heartily sup-
ported James G. Blaine and John A. Logan in
their nomination and candidacy. In 1802 Mr.
Ilovey was elected to the State Senate, serving
three sessions, until 1866. In 1864 he married
Miss Emily Humphrey, eldest daughter of
Hon. George Humphrey, of Lane coilnty. They
have one daughter, (!arrie May, and two sons,
A. G., Jr., and Blaine. In 1866 Mr. Ilovey re-
moved to Portland, remaining one year, and in

HISTORY OF OREGON.

543

18G7 removed to Springfield, Lane count}', en-
gaginir in inilling and niercliandising until
1879, when he took a residence at Kngene, and
in 1881 was one of the proprietors who estab-
lished the Lane County Hank, firm of Ilovey,
Humphrey & Co., and continues its president.
He has long been a member of the L (). C). F.,
and has held the highest positions of the order
in the jurisdiction of the State. Mr. Hovey
has always taken a deep interest in the material
enterprises of liis community, tendering his en-
couragement and aid, and at this time (1892) is
bearing a leading part toward the building of
the railroad from Lugene to tlie Sinslaw coast.
Continuing an earnest devotion to the educa-
tional, moral and political interests of the peo-
ple, he has frequently accepted positions in
their behalf, but (juite often declined them.
Against his wishes he was chosen, by a large
majority, Mayor of Eugene, but in 1891 he de-
clined to serve longer.

In 1892 Mr. Ilovey was appointed a delegate
to the National Republican Convention at Min-
neapolis, and also appointed by President Har-
rison a member of the Hoard of Visitors to the
annual examinations at the United States Mili-
tary Academy at West Point, New York, and
attended there on the Ist, and at Minneapolis
on the 7th of June, 1892.

A man of strong convictions and honest
opinions, positive in his nature and integrity, it
is readily determined where ho stands, and is
justly held among the intelligent, useful and
truest type of Oregon's loading men.

-e;^'

r»]

®tr#^^^'-**-

^ONOUABLE WILLIAM N. BARRETT,

a distinguished native son of Washington
county, Oregon, was born there on Novem-
ber 24, 1855. His father, William R. Barrett,
was born in the State of Ohio on April 30, 1831.
Grandfather Nathan T. Barrett was also a na-
tive of Ohio, where he was born on November
14, 1806, and great-grandfather Barrett was
born in Virginia, but moved to Ohio early in
the '-"istory of the State. Their ancestors were
English, and their great-grandfather was a
Quaker. They were farmers and mechanicj.
The grandfather was a saddler, which business
he carried on in Hamilton county, Ohio. He
was a member of the Christian Church, was a
good and industrious man, and lived to be

eighty seven years of age. They are a family
of longevity, all havitig attained to a good old
age? On the maternal side, they were of French
and German ancestry, and later, there (rame into
the family a strain of Irish ancestry, so that
they are a combination of four nationalities,
while their residence in Anieri(^a for five or six
generations, substantiates their claim to bo
Americans. In 1854 Mr. Barrett's father came
to Oregon, locating in Washington county on a
donation claim. lie had married Eliza J. Pur-
din, a native. of Missouri, a daughter of Ira E.
Purdin, Sr. He was a native of Ohio and his
wife was a native of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs.
Purdin settled in Missouri, coming to Oregon
in 1854, locating in Washington county, where
they were well ami favorably known. Mr. Pur-
din died here in 1891. Mr. Barrett's parents
t)egan life in Washington county in a log cabin,
and in the following year their first-born son
came to bless their new homo. They named
him for his grandfather and father, William
Nathan. .He is in more ways than one a good
specimen of the productive powers of his native
State, weighing 275 pounds avoirdupois, and be-
ing of acknowledged mental ability. They raised
seven other children to maturity, all being rep-
resentative sons and daughters of Oregon. Mr.
Barrett's fiither worked at carpentry for many
years. He served for a time in the Yakima
Indian war, and for a year and a half was in the
mines in Idaho, since when he has been exclu-
sively engaged in agriculture. He is widely
known as an honest, industrious citizen. His
good wife is still spared to him, and in each
others society they peacefully walk in the eve-
ning of a well-spent life.

Tlie subject of our sketch was raiseil on the
farm, and attended the public schools, entering
at the age of nineteen years the Academy at
Forest Grove. He graduated in 1879 from the
Pacific University in the academic and collegi-
ate courses. He was for ten years engaged in
teaching school in his own and adjoining coun-
ties, and in 1882, was nominated by the Repub-
lican party as their candidate for the State
Legislature. He was elected, creditably serv-
ing the interests of his constituents. In 1882
he began to read law with the lion. T. H.
Tongue, being admitted to the bar in 1884. He
began his practice in Ilillsboro, in partnership
with the Hon. W. D. Hare, continuing in this
relationship for three years, when they dis-
solved, since which time he has practiced alone,

541

niaroRT of oiiegon.

liiH biisiiiu8s luMiifT lucrative aiirl liis ability uh a
lawyer being iin.surpiihsed. For seven years lie
was Deputy District Attorney of Wiisliini^ton
county, and in 1S!M) was a second time elected
to the State Leffislature, and in lSi)2was elected
for District Attorney, the district coni|)rising
Clackamas, Washington, Columbia, i iid Clat-
sop counties, lie has tilled the office of City
Recorder for seven years, lie has taken an ac-
tive part in everything tendinif to advance the
interests of his county or State, lie is an efficient
otlicial member of the Methodist Church, of
which he has been a member for years, lie be-
longs to the Tualatin Lodge, A. V. ife A. M.,be-
inj; Past Master of his lodjre. Jle has always
been an active Republican, and is well-known
throughout the State, and highly esteemed for
bis many excellent (jualitic; of mind and heart.

lie was married in 1882 to Miss Lucretia
Parrisli, a native of Ohio. They have two chil-
dren: Ira E. and William Nathan, Jr.

Of superior intellect\ial powers, pronounced
legal acumen, and sterling qualities of heart, it
is not surprising that he should have achieved
success. These qualities alone would create a
prosperous career by whomsoever possessed.

D. U O G K F E L LO W, Armorer for the
First Regiment, Orego" National Guards
^<» at Portland, is a native of Bucks county,
Pennsylvania, born April 8, 1845. His ances-
tors were among the early settlers of Clinton,
New Jersey, wliile his father. Ten ins Rockfel-
low, emigrated to Millersville, Lancaster county,
Pennsylvania; there lie followed the life of a
farmer, and also represented his county as Tax
Collector for many years. He was married to
Martha Degg, a native of Pennsylvania, and the
family afterward removed to Parkersburg, where
they still reside, the father at the age of ninety-
two years, and the mother aged eighty years.
They are the parents of eleven children, nine of
whom are now living. Their early years were
spent in honest, energetic toil, and believing
that experience in a life of industry was the
best educator, our subject was reared to the oc-
cupation of his father, receiving his mental
training only as he made his opportunity. He
was a mere lad in years, though a man in stature
at the breaking out of the civil war, and was
the first to enlist in the service of the (Toveru-

ment; he left his horses standing in the field,
and walked to Lancaster, five miles away, to join
Company II, One Hundred and Twenty-second
Regiment for a nine months' term of service;
he was sent to the Army of the Potomac, and
from the second Riill Run to the lerniination of
the war, was on active duty. At the expiration
of his term of enlistment he rejoined fo \ie-
riod of three years, and was assigned t. jm-
pany J?, First Fenn Reserves. He w , ;lien
granted a furlough of ten (lays,-wliicli time he
spent at home; he then returned to his regiment
and was transferred to the One Hundred and
Ninetieth Veteran Volunteers, known as the
•• Buck-tail Regiment; " being composed of the
re-enlisted men from all the Pennsylvania
regiments. He served to the close of tlio war,
and participated in the grand review at Wash-
ington, after which he was honorably discharged.
He and his three brothers passed through all
the battles and skirmishes without receiving
serious wounds. After his return home he re-
cruited a company of 110 men, known as the
Lancaster Fcncibles, and was appointed Captain
by (iovernor John W. Geary.

Upon taking up the duties of life as a private
citizen, Mr. Rockfellow embarked in the gro-
cery trade at Lancaster, which he followed five
years. At the end of this time he went to At-
lanta, Georgia, and operated a small cotton
plantation near that city, at the same time en-
gaging in newspaper work; he founded the At-
lanta Tribune, and during the time served as
Deputy United States Marshal. In 1878 he re-
moved to Washington, District of Columbia,
having been appointed special oHicer in the
I'ureau of Engraving & Printing; he held this
position two years, and at the end of that time
resigned to join a Government exploring com-
pany to Alaska. After his arrival on the Pacific
coast the expedition was postponed, and he was
assigned to (Jompany K, First United States
Cavalry, stationed at Walla Walla and Fort Kla-
math. At the end of two years he was discharged
by special order from the Secretary of War. Ho
then came to Portland and was purser on the
Willamette river steamboats and was in the of-
fices of the Union & Northern Pacific railroads
until March, 1891, at which time he was ap-
pointed Armorer ~f the First liegiment Armory,
Oregon National Guards; this position he re-
signed March 1, 1892. June 14, 1890, he en-
listed in Battery A, Oregon National Guards,
and was appointed First Sergeant, which office

nrsTonr of ohroon.

lie lieltl until June li, 181)1; ho was tlieii traii:i-
ferred l)y order of (Tovernor I'eiitioyer to tlio
lion coiiimigsioned staff of Coloiml (). V. I'eelio,
as Sergeant of the Si;;nal Corps, whiuh otHi-e he
8iil)ge(iuently resiirnod. He was appointed on
the iirigade staff l)y Hrigadier-Cieneral II. I!.
Coinpron, First Lieutenant and Aid-deCainp
Aetinf? Sij,'nal Otticer .Inly 30, 1892.

''"^tS. "S

fLAUIv WALTER, one of the pioneers of
Oregon, was born in St. Joseph county,
Indiana, April 7, 1841. a son of Lncuns
Walter, a imtive of New York, and there he
married Miss Adeline Fellows, a native of the
game State. In 1886 he removed to Mic.lii}ran
and tried pioneer life there, and later moved to
Indiana, when that part of the State in which
he settled was bnt little more than a wilder-
ness. Hy occupation he was a farmer and fol-
lowed that business all of his life. He was the
father of three sons and four danghters, .".nd our
subject was the third child and the only one of
the family now living. The father died in 1887
at the aire of seventy years, and the mother in
1852 at tlie age of tliirty-six.

Our subject was one of the first men to re-
spond to the call of men for the three months'
service in the late war, entering the Sixth Mich-
ifjan Infantry, which was made afterward into
heavy artillery, but be found that his health was
not equal to the exposure of a soldier's life and
after one year and two and a iialf months of service
ho was honorably discharged on account of dis-
ability. He had taken part in the l)attle of
Baton Uouge, bnt that was the only battle. He
was in a nnml)er of skirmishes, however, where
the exposure and danger was quite as great as
in a pitched battle.

In 1864 onr subject was engaged to take a
band of horses across the plains to California
and proposed to stay there, but after reaching
the Golden State he found there was difficulty
ill getting l>aying employment, and he returned
by water to Pennsylvania after six months' trial
of California. Later he went South as far as
Knoxville, Tennessee, where lie remained in tlie
employ of the Government for eight months,
but still later decided to again try the North.
Iloncehewent to Minnesota and remained there
for twelve years on a farm. In 1877 ho came
to Oregon, crossing the plains a second time,

and here suttit:<l in (Jniatillii county, where he
bought land and lias remained ever since.

Mr. Walter has eiigaged in farming ever
since he came to this State, where ho owns 400
acres of land near Athena, where he raises
wheat principally, but always raises one field of
corn and sometimes makes twenty-five bushels
per acre, which is the largest cornfield ever
known in Oregon.

In 18'J0 he formed the Umatilla County
Fanners' Co-operative Company at Helix and
was elected president ami manager of it. He
has carried the business on with great success,
and the business has been paying twelve per
cent net on the capital invested. The com-
pany was organized with a capital stock of $50,-
()00, and by the careful nianagcnient of Mr.
Walter it has grown wonderfully, doing a busi-
ness the first year of If 15,000, in a county where
there is much competition.

Mr. Walter was married March 7, 1864, to
Miss Hannah 15. Kinzic, a native of Micliigan,
and they have had seven children born to them,
as follows: Lena Mahlc, a graduate of the
Monmouth High School and now one of the
teachers of the public school in Pendleton:
Charles A., Edith A., John C, Frank H., Eva
and Gertie, all at home.

Althongii our subject is in most comfortable
circninstauces now he has seen hard times in
his life. He has had mucli poor health, and
when he crossed the plains the last time he was
obliged to borrow the means. However, ho has
paid that all back. He has fille<l some of the
most responsible positions in the county, as for
six years he was County Commissioner. He is
independent politically and a much respected
member of the G. A. II., having formed the
post at Helix, named Gettysburg Post, No. 33.

5^0N. JOHN T. APPEUSOX, Register of
1^ the land ofHce at Oregon City, is a piofteer
3(1 of 1847. He was born in Kentucky, on
the 23d of December, 1834. His father, Hev-
erly Apperson, was a native of Virginia, and
was born in 1803. The family is of German
origin, the founder in this country coming to
America at a very early date and settling at
Jamestown. (Japtain Apperson's father mar-
ried Miss Jane Gilbert J ubo, a native of Tennes-
see, of Welsh ancestry, that were early settlers

540

UI^TOHY OF ORKUON.

on'ennc«Beo. There were born to tlieiii ton cliil-
ilri'ti, of whom bt'vcn iirc li^iiij^, nil in Oregon.
Joliii T. Apjiersoii, theisiibject ot tliiti (ikotcli,
was the fifth ciiilii. In hib uliihlhocjil tlie family
moved to Ali^soiiri, wIrtc they retiideii until his
thiitieiith year, when with a coni|iany of
a lOU wagons, they Btarteil upon the perilous
journey aeroes the plains. Later in the jour-
ney the conjpaiiy divided, and at Ham Fork hii*
lather died of fever, and \\\» mother was left
with her nine hclplebS little onee. That was a
tryiuir time when the beloved father and hus-
band wa.s buried, the survivors eould not renniin
by that lone grave, and like the ehildren of Is-
rael they moved forward toward the hind of
proniisi', and without further misfortune, they
arrived safely in ()rej;on C^ity, where a eousin
and son-in-law had preceded them. They spent
their first winter in Oregon, east of Portland,
near the mouth of the Sandy, where they
wintered the stock they had brought with tiieni.
The mother took up a claim but abandoned it.
Their eousin was a tanner, and he purchased the
Luwnsdale tannery, and they moved there in tiie
spring of 1848, and the mother and nine chil-
dren Worked in the tannery to earn a subsist-
ence. In the spring of 1841), the gold excite-
ment in California was at its height. The
family moved into I'ortland, and the Captain
with others went to California and mined on
tlie Vul)a river, aud in Nevada, and on the
Deer creek. They met with reasonable success
until he was taken sick and was obliged to leave
the mines. lie went to Stockton, in San Joa-
i[uin county, and was engage<l in driving stock
for two years. Then he returned to ()regon,
and was for three years in the employ of the
Milling and Transportation Company on the
west side of the river with the firm of Aber-
natliy, I'endleton & Co. After that he en-
gaged in steamboating on the Willamette river.
Ills first boat was the liival, of which he was
master, and made ti'ips between (Oregon City
and Portland. After running a season, he went
to the npper river and ran between Oregon City
and J)ayton, carrying freight and passengers,
lie became part owner of the boats Clinto and
Union, and continued on the river until the fall
of 1861, when he sold his boats and enlisted in
the First Oregon Cavalry. lie went as a pri-
vate, but was soon afterward made First-Lieu-
tenant. It was the intention of the regiment
to join the Army of the Potomac, but the Gov-
ernment deemed them of greater value on the

frontier, and they wore sent to serve in eastern
Oregon, eastern Washington Territory, and in
Idaho. The men of the regiment furnished
their own horses, and equipments, and the regi-
ment was one of the best in the army. It was
needed to keej) the Indians in check, to protect
the settlers, and to look after rebellion at home.
It saw considerable service that was active
among the Indians, and renniined in the service
until the close of tlie war, being n)ustered out
on the 5th of April, 1805.

The Captain then returned to his old occupa-
tion of steamboating for five years, when in
1870, he was elected to the State Legislature,
and creditably represented his county tor two
years. In 1874 no was elected Sheriff of the
county, and in 1870 was re-elected serving four
years. In 1878 he was elected to the State
Semite, and served there the term of four years,
taking an active part in the legislation. In
1881 he was nominated by his party (the Ilo-
publican) to succeed himself and after nniking
an earnest campaign was defeated by fifty votes.
Iti 1884 he was sent as a delegate to the Repub-
lican National Convention held in Chicago, and
aided in the nomination of James G. lilaine.
He also served for four years as a member of
the liepublican National Committee. In 1888
he was again elected to the Legislature, and
served his two years. The next year he entered
upon his duties as Ilegister of the land otHce,
in which position he still is. Captain Apper-
son is an active and worthy member of tlie I.
O. O. F., having passed the chairs in both
branches of the orcier. He has been Grand
Uepresentative of the Sovereign Grand Lodge
of tlie United States held at Cincinnati, Ohio,
in 1882, representing the Encampment branch
of the order. He was made a Mason in Mult-
nomah Lodge, No. 1, (the ohlest one on the
Pacific coast) in 1858, of this lodge he is Past
Master.

In 1802 he was married to Mies Mary A.
Elliott, native of Missouri, and th'j daughter of
AVilliam Elliott, a pioneer of 1840, who now
(1892) resides with his daughter, Mrs. Apper-
son. Iler mother was Miss Nancy Sconse
prior to her marriage, and she was a niece of
Alexander Hamilton of national fame.

Captain Apperson is a man of more than
ordinary ability, aud is tlioroughly informed on
almost every subject, and has a wide and ex-
tended acquaintance. In Oregon City, which
is his home, he has taken a deep interest, also

uisrour oy oitmoN.

Off

ill tlie improvomont and ilovolopinont of the
county, lieiiif^ osneciiilly inturested in trannport-
atiun and inanuracturini;. llo has for a lon^
time iieeii eni^aged in tlio bruoding of fine cat-
tle and liorseif. In every public enterprise lie
is on iiaiid to give asiiistance, botii an to aJvico
and in a more 8ul)Htantial manner. Thin |iub-
lic-spirit and enterprise have jjained iiitn the
liigii esteem and <rratitude of his fellow-citizens.

•-cj^'

<*-

fli. E. G. CLARK, prominent in the den-
tal profession of Portland, and po|)uIar as
a citizen and man, was born in CorvalliH,
Benton county, July 9, 1855. His father, David
Ct. Clark, was a native of Ohio, and crossed
the plains in 1852, and was sntiseqntMitly
married, in Mohawk valley, to Mis.s Eli/,a-
beth Gray, daughter of Samuel Gray, an
esteemed pioneer of 1853. Mr. l-)avid Clark
was for twenty-five years connected with
mercantile interests at Cor'-allis and Albany.
from which he retired in 1888. He then passed
two years at Spokane, Washington, as l/eputy
County Treasurer, returning to Albany in 1890,
where he now resides.

The subject of this sketch was educated at
the Willamette University at Salem, commenc-
ing January, in 1878, the study of dentistry at
Albany, in the office of Dr. George W. Gray,
with whom he remained until October, when
Mr. Clark went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
where he entered the dental college, at which
graduated in March, 1880.

He then returned to Oregon and opened an
ottice in Portland, where he practiced success-
fnlly for two years; after which he removed to
Eugene City, where he continued tlie practice
of his profession with the same snecess.

It was in the latter pretty little city that he
was happily married, in December, 1884, to
Miss Frances Swift, an intelligent and accom-
plished lady, a native of Oregon, and a daughter
of Samuel Swift, a widely and favorably known
pioneer of 1848.

In January of the following year he returned
with his briae to Portland, where he entered
into partnership with Dr. John Welch in the
practice of dentistry, with whom he continued
for four years, at the end of which time the firm
was dissolved. His present ofiices are in the
Mulkey Block, one of the best business build-

ings in the city, where he performs both opera-
tive; and Mieidiaiiiciil work. His skill and ci ur-
tesy have gained for him a lucrative practice
among the more substantial residents rtf the
metropolis, and he has steadily advanccil in
prosperity, until he now commands a comfort-
able income.

Dr. and Mrs. Clark have one child, Frances
Dorris, a young Oregonian, who liids fair, under
the care of her excellent parents, to become a
credit to the city and State.

He is a prominent Mason and an active mem-
ber of the Woodmen of the World. On May
23, 1889, he was appointed by the Governor a
member of the State Board of Dental Exam-
iners, by which BoanI he was elected secretary.

These indorsements, coming from such a
high source, .ire sutKcient evidence of his merit,
and weigh :iiore iti his favor than all the words
of eulogy that could be offered.

'OHNG. PILSBUliY, one of Oregon City's
representative (citizens was born in Bide-
ford, Maine, August 19, 1839. His father,
Samuel Pilsbury, was born in Now buryport,
Massacl' t». in 1812. They are lineal de-
scendants of William Pilsbury, who left Eng-
land in 1050, and settled at Newburyport,
where he made his home. The house that the
family bnilt in 1700 is still standing, and is
owned by one of his descendants, and has al-
ways been occupied by some one of the family.
The father of our subject married Miss Eliza-
beth Sutherland, daughter of George Sutherland,
of Saco, Maine. The father of Mrs. Pilsbnry
served in the war of 1812. Mr. and Mrs.
Pilsbnry had seven children, all of whom are'
living.

Our snbject was the fourth child in this fam-
ily, and was reared and educated in his native
town until he was twenty-three years of age.
Then it was that President Lincoln made his
first call for 75,000 men, and Mr. Pilsbury was
one of the first to respond, enlisting in April,
in Company D, First Maine Volunteer Infantry.
The regiment was sent direct to Washington,
to protect that city, and remained here daring
Mr. Pilbury's term of service. He was mus-
tered out on the 3d of August, 1861, and re-
tired to his home and business. In 1862 he
came to California, where he worked a year, and

nt STORY OF nrtRnas.

in tlio spring; of 1868 b« mme to Oregon, nnd

went to tlio iniiiCK in Idiilio. wIicit lie rcnniincd
tliiTU KL'iisoiiK, ini'ntiiij; with fiiir t.ii('<'('i*H lie
tlidi \^>nt to Mi'itiitli ('oiiiiiiliia, aixl i'ciniiiiu>(l
onu year, but <li(i not Hiicct^ed in tiiis venture,
HO lie returned to ()re;ron City, and en^'aficd in
('(intracfiiif; and Iniililinj; until 1S7N, wiien lie
was eleeteil Siierill' of tlie countv of Claci^afnan,
and at tiie end of Ids term he was re fleeted.
Soon after the elose of liii* term of olliee lio re-
ceived tlie a|i|)oiiitinent of Ueeeiver of tliH
jainl ollice. and served lour years. Mr. it. V.
liircii then reeeived the appointment and nnide
him his deputy, and he has served live years
in that capacity.

In 1^75 Ik; iinirried Mrs. Mari^jaret S. I'ost, a
daughter of Samuel Miller, a |)ioneer of ISol,
who tool< a donation claim, two miles from
Orej^on City, where lie resided and rinsed ins
family and died in lfSS4. Mrs. I'ilslmry iiad
two (diildren by Mr. I'ost. Nettie, who imn'ried
A. .1. 11. Strickland; and M. II. nnirried Ale.xan-
der Thomas. Mr. and .Mrs. I'llsbury have two
children, Ethel and lla/.el, both at home witli
their parents.

Mr. I'ilsbury is a member of the .Masoinc
fraternity, and is Past Master of his lodi;e.
Up is I'ast Coininandi'r of Meade I'ost, No.
2, G. A. R., nnd is also an active nunnl)er of the
A. (). U. \V. He 1ms invested in city jiroperty,
lins several buildings, ami is a stockholder in
the Willamette Kails Klectric I-ight (Company,
a valuable and im|)ortant enterjirise.

Mrs. I'ilsbury is a iTiomber of tlie Meade
Helief Corps, No. IS, and is I'ast Sernor Vice-
President of that order. They are highly re-
spected by all who know them.

i^ICIlAKl) II. THORNTON, lawyer and
law professor, was born at Lancasliire,
Engl uid, September f!, l84o. He received
a liber.'d education in his naiive country, and
emigrated in rianuary, IHT'i, to Canada, where
he engaijed in teaclniijf at Hamilton and Otta-
wa, initil the fall of l.S7,"j. He then visited the
United States, spending several months in trav-
eling. He linally settled in Washirif^ton, Dis-
trict of Columbia, in 187(), and entered the
Columbia, and afterward the (ieorgetown. Law
School, from which latter institution lie i;radu-
ated in 1878, receiving the degree of LL. \i.

lie waH admitted to tliu liar in Pliilndelpliia,

Pennsylviuiin, siibseijuently roinoving to Will-
ianisport, in the same; .State, lie continued in
tile latter phu^e until .lune, 1S8-4, when, with a
view of assisting in the organization and found
ing of the school of law of the University of
Oregon, he removed to Portland. He was
elected dean of the law school, and, by his abil-
ity and energy, was instrumental in the growth
bikI prosperity of this institution, which, from
the small beginning of two grailiiatcs in 18SI),
graduated a class of nineteen students in 18i)2.
Tiio course in tiie law department covers two
years, and, under its ablc< corps of lecturers, in-
cluding Il<m. Matthew P. heady, Hon. L. L.
McArthiir, Hon. C H. Helliuger ami Mr,
Thornton, has become, in this comparatively
short time, tlui leading law school in tin; Pacific
Nortiiwest. In hours unoccupied with teachintr
Mr. Thornton conducts a general olHco practice.

He was nmrriei! in Philadelphia in 1877, to a
niece of the late talented jurist, Robert C. Grier,
•liidge of the Supreme Court of the United States.

( )regon does not possess a more enthusiastic
believer in her marvelous resources, a greater
admirer of her worth anil beauty, or a more
earnest champion of her cause and assister in
her development, than the subject of this sketch,
who, both by natural gifts, years of study, and
excellent opportunities and training, is emi-
nently fitted to lend his share toward placing
her in the forem.ist rank, educationally, so-
cially and morally, of the glorious sisterhood.

lj>»APOLKON DAVIS, a representative iiiiai-
^1^" nes9 man of Salem, and president of the
First National Hank of that city, is a na-
tive of Illinois, having been born in Hamilton
county, of that State, in 1848. He is a son of
Mr. Alfred Davis, a native of Tennessee, and
of Scotch ancestry, who served his country in
the war with Mexico. In 18.")2 Alfred Davis
crossed the plains with his family to California,
and after seven years spent there, returned to
Illinois, in 185!t. Oii the lireaking out of the
late war he tendered his services and was given
a captain's commission by (iovernor \ ates; he
rendered his country valuable service until the
close of the great struggle, and until victory
had crowned the efforts of the valiant Union
Army; lie then, again crossed the plains to Ore-

iitsroHY OF on/cfioff.

fpin, with liiH wit'i! Hiiil niiKi cliililrun; tliey 8ut-
tli!(l (III a now fiinn, iiiul, in lS(t7, ixifore lie liinl
liiiit tiinu to Miiiki^ niiu'li ini|ii°ov(!ini!iit on iiitt
fiirni, III) iliud. luiivin^ liiB wilu witli ii fiiiniiy of
yoiin^ childron in ii Htnin^e liind.

Nii|iol('OM hiivJH, tli(<ii' Hocond (;iiild, had
ci'DSHcd till' pliiitiH to (jalirorniii witli tlic t'liiriily
in IH.")3. tliuii in iiin fonrtii year. When they
retnrncii to tin* Kiist, in IHoit, lit! was clt-vcn

{iiKM of ui;i'. Ho romiiined with his niotlier in
llinoirt, HtttMiding piiMic bcIiuuIx, until his fa-
ther cnnie out of tilt) army, anti again crciSHud
the plains witli them, thiH tinio to Oii-gon, in
1S(54. The joiirni'y WHi* a(;('oin|)ii.-.|uMl with o\
tnaiHB. A good yoke of oxen dr«w the carriage
in which the mother and littU* children rode:
IiIh father rode a horse and drove the loose
stock. Five yoke of oxen were hitched to a
largo wagon, in which were their supplies, nnd
our snbject, then in liis sixteenth year, took
command of this team, swinging the whip over
them, and making his way from Illinois to Ore-
gon on foot. On their journey one of the oxen
gave out and a cow was yoked in its place, the
cow being milked every night. There were
ten wagons in their company, and his father
had command of the company as captain. They
Were five months (m the journey and arrived
safely at their destination. Mr. Davis was in
his eighteenth year when he lost his father, and
was left with the care of his mother and eight
children on their new farm. They had made
but a small clearing and the widow and her
children experienced many dark and trying
times, too harrowing to relate. As fire refines
gold, so these days of adversity were not with-
out their beneficial effect on this youth, so early
to feel the load of care. lie had been an apt
scholar at school, where his time was well em-
ployed, and he instinctively turned to that of
which he knew most as a mainstay in this lioiir
of trial. He secured a school, which he taught,
nnd between times lie worked on their farm,
• thus enabling the family to live until brighter
days should come. And they did come, in all
the brightness of sunshine after storm.

In 1IS70 Mr. Davis was married to Miss Al-
zida Brazee. They had one son, Howard. Af-
ter three years of happy married life his wife
died, and Mr. Davis passed through the great
trial of his life. In IWO he married his pres-
ent wife, who was Miss Irene Clark, daughter
of Rev. J. Clark, a I'aptist minister. In 1878
Mr. Davis rfc>jlved to try for a higher educa-

tion, with the intention ot more coinpleluly fit-
ting himself for teaching. Accordingly he took
a live yeais" course in the I'acilic University,
from wlii(di he graduated with honor in IHHii,
with the degree of A. ii. Thus far he has siir-
moiiiitc(l ('very didicnitv. and in spite of adverse
circumstances, had, by his own efforts, obiaiiic<l
an ciliicatioii. lii! taught school lor acciiiplc of
years at Forest (irove, where his fame as a
thorough and capable teacher increased, and he
was offered, and accepted, the principalsliip of
the high school at the Dalles, and while there,
became so popular as an educator that he was
iiomiiated by his party, the Democratic, for
State Siiperinteiii|ent of I'liblic liiBtriiction, and
although t\w ytate had a strong Ittipiiblican
majority, he ran far ahead of his ticket, and
was only defeated by a small majority. He
soon alter received the appoint iiieiit of (Jlerk
of tile lioard of Commissioners of the State
School {.and Oftice, and in this capacity
served liis State most satisfactorily for four
and a half years. During his term of service
he sold 1,()(M),00() acres of land, and more timii
a million and u half dollars of trust funds passed
through his hands, and his success and manage-
ment of his otlice was such as to evinc(> that lie
was a tinuncier of the highest ability and integ-
rity. In February, 1891, he resigned this posi-
tion to accept the presidency of the First Na-
tional Hank of Salem. In August, 1891, his
resignation was accepted and in the follow-
ing September he entered upon the duties of his
oftice.

In his church relations Mr. Davis is a worthy
and efflcient member of the First Congregational
Church of Sr.lem. In fraternal societies he is a
Master Maeon, a Knight Templar and a mem-
ber of the Albany Coiiiinandery. In business
he has been known throughout the State as a
quiet, unassuniing, painstaking man of marked
ability, and one richly deserving tiie success ho
has attained. 1 1 is hictory i.i such as should
stimulate every poor boy to like honorable effort.

^^:!i)l-^—

flTDC4E II. S. STUAIIAN, a distinguished
light of the legal firmament of Oregon,
having stood a practitioner of the bar of
Willamette valley for upward of a (juarter of a
century, is the subject of this sketch. He re-
sides at Albany, Linn county, and is Chief Jus-

.«/.

550

UISTOHY OF UllEOON.

tice of the Supreme Court of tlmt State, a posi-
tion which came to him as the reward of iioiiest
merit, and liis honors are fully appreciated by a
people who have long known his distinguisiied
merits.

Judge Straiian was born in Lawrence county,
Kentucky, Januury 1, 1835. His father, John
StraliETi, was a native of county Down, Ireland,
but lie emigrated to the United States in the
year ISl'i, settling at Heaver, Pennsylvania,
where he learned and followed the trade of a
shoemaker. In 1832 he moved to Lawrence
county, Kentucky, where lie engaged in the
growing of fruit. Two years later ho married
Miss Selah Canterbury, a native of Kentucky.
In 1841 lie took his family and made his home
in the Platte Purchase, Buchanan county, Mis-
souri. Later lie settled in Audrain county,
where 'le remained until his death.

Judge Strahan received his education in the
coninion schools of Missouri, with a brief
academic course at Mexico, Missouri. He re-
mained at home until he attained his majority,
when he went to Louisa, Kentucky, county seat
of liawrence, and began the study of law, in the
otHce of his uncle li. F. Canterbury, Esq. Two
years afterward he was admitted to practice
after having passed an examination made by
Circuit Judges, E. C. Pbister, Marysville, Ken-
tucky, and J. W. Moore, of Mt. Sterling. Re-
turning to Missouri he made his homo at Milan,
Sullivan county, and entered upon the practice
of his profession. lie was appointed Probate
Judge in 1800, and held that position for four
years. That region of country became so un-
settled by reason of the war that lie emigrated
to Oregon, proceeding to New York, thence
going by way of the Panama route to the Isth-
mus, and so on to the then northwest limit of
the United States, settling at Corvallis in the
Willamette valley. lie resumed at once his
practice of law.

In 1808 he was elected District Attorney,
serving for two years, and in 1870 was elected
State Senator for four years. In 1870 he re-
moved to Albany, Linn county, continuing a
general practice in both State and Federal
courts. In 1880 he was elected Judge of the
Supreme Court, and in 1890 liecame Chief Jus-
tice by right of succession. In general practice
the Judge has been very succes.sfiil, both in
volun.n of business and in the successful de-
fense of his clients. In criminal law, a remark-
able feature of his practice is that he never lost

a client tried for capital punishment. On the
bench he has made hosts of friends, through his
courteous and fair treatment of all parties and
subjects.

His opinions have commanded attention
throughout the country, many of them having
found a place in the "American State lieports,"
the ''Lawyers Annotated Reports" and in the
law magazines and other journals throughout
the States. Up to his election as judge, he
he had been attorney for the Oregon & Pacific
Railroad from the date of its inception, and he
devoted much attention to railroad law.

His marriage took place at Milan, Missouri,
in 1801, to Miss Saral II. Wilson, a native of
Canton, Illinois, and four children have been
the fruit of this happy union: Jessie, who died
in infancy; Hereford, Claude and Pet.

The Judge is a member of the Blue Lodge
and Chapter of Free and Accepted Masons and
also of the Knights of Pythias. Ho was one
the organizers and is still a director of the
Farmers and Merchants' Fire Insurance Com-
pany of Oregon, an organization widely known
throughout the State. He has been one of the
active promoters of all public improvements at
Albany. He has erected two brick business
blocks, besides residence property, and has been
directly interested in every enterprise looking
to the benefit and development of :he town.

Judge Strahan is a wealthy representation of
that class known as self-made men, having
wrought out his life by personal effort. He
has continued throughout his manhood a dili-
gent and persistent student of his chosen pro-
fession. He has unbounded faith in the life of
any man, who as a boy with natural ability
adopted a fixed line of study or business and
with perseverance adheres to the line of duty.
Such lias been his own life.

This life of his is the result attained by him,
and the nobility and nprightness of it show him
to be one indeed worthy of imitation by the
young men of the country.

Ig^ON. W. CAREY JOHNSON came to
|m\ Oregon in 1S45, and is now a prominent
•t^Si member of the bar of his State. He is a
native of Old Town, Ross county, Ohio. The
event of his birth took place on the 27th of
Octolier, 1833. His father, Rev. Hezekiah

UISTOHY OF OREGON.

551

Johnson, was born on the eastern shore of
AlHryhmd, and his ^grandfather was the Kev.
Eliezar Johiisou, a Baptist minister in Mary-
land. It is said tliat the progenitors of tlio
family remained loyal to the kinf^ in the time
of the Kevohition. Farther hack than that ir
the history of the family tliey are nimble to go.
Mr. Johnson's father was sent by the American
Baptist Home Mission Society to ()rej);on in
1845, to organize Baptist Churches on the
coast. lie traveled all over the Willamette
valley, preaching the gospel and cstablisiiing
churches, and on the Fourth of July, 184:7,
started the Baptist Church at Oregon City. He
took a donation claim three miles northeast of
Oregon City, on which he resided till the time
of his death, and the property is still owned in
the family. He was a man of executive ability,
a doctrin;.! preacher and a strong Abolitionist,
having an intense abhorrence of every kind of
oppression.

Ho lirought with hira across the plains his
wife and seven children, of whom five are still
living; one of the daughters, now Mrs. Win-
ston, resides at Damascus, Scott county, Mis-
sissipoi; Amy Johnson, has her home on the
old hiyme8tead;and Ilev. Franklin Johnson, D.I).,
is prosident of the Ottawa University, Kansas;
U. JJ. Johnson is County Clerk of Clackamas
eonnly. (See his history in this book.)

The father died at Oregon City in 186G.
His wife died at the home of her son, Vi . Carey
Johnson, tliii subject of this sketch, in 1874.

W. Care) Johnson was in his twelfth year
when he came to this Territory. He was sent
to the )(nblic schools at Oregon City, and at-
tended a liajitist school in that city. Later on
he read lav. with the firm of Wait & Kelly,
Mr. Wait later became Supreme Court Judge
and Mr. Kelly was made United States Senator.

Mr. Johnson was admitted to the bar in 1857,
and began to practice his profession in his own
town. He has n most lucrative practice now,
that he has built up by his own efforts.

He is in politics a llepublicHn, and in 1858
was elected District Attorney, in which capacity
he served one term. In 1859 he was elected
City liecorder. Three years later he was elected
Prosecuting Attorney for the Fourth Judicial
District. 1865 and 1860 he held the responsi-
ble position of Special Attorr ay, under the
Hon. Caleb Cushing, to inve' tigate and settle
the affairs of the Hudson's Bay atid Puget Sound
conapanies. In 1866 he was elected a State

Senator, to fill a vacancy, and during that ses-
sion rendered valuable service as chairman of
the Judiciary Committee. While in the Sen-
ate he had the privilege and power to vote upon
the amendment of the Constitution of the United
States which abolished slavery.

Mr. Johnson has been for years the Attorney
of the Williamsville Transportation and Lock
Company, and he was one of the founders of
the Merchant's National Bank. He is a di-
rector, and was for some time its vice-president.

On Christmas day in 1868 he was married
to Miss Josephine DeYore, a native of Illinois,
and the <laughter of the Rev. John J. DeVore,
a noted Methodist minister, proniinent in the
early history of the State. She is a graduate
of the Willamette University, and is one of
the most intelligent women in the State. They
have had live children, all born in Oregon City,
of whom four are living, namely: Bolfe, Nelo,
^lerle and Ronald. The two eldest are at Stan-
ford University, California; one is at school at
Portland, and the youngest is at home.

ilr. Johnson has built a com modi us residence
on the Heights in Oregon City, commanding a
very tine view of the beautiful country which
surrounds it. In iiis grounds ho has retained
a few of the tir trees of the forest and notwith-
standing his liome is in the center of the city it
is ii romantic and beautiful spot, a fitting plp'je
in which to spend the remainder of a good and
worthy life. Mr. Johnson is a consistent mem-
ber of the Baptist Church, in wiiich his father
was so long prominent, and he has for many
years been its elerk. He has so lived and con-
ducted his business that he enjoys the good will
and affection of a very wide acquaintance among
all classes of people throughout the State.

HAMILTON M. LINES, one of the highly
respected citizens of Independence and for
eiglit years the capable Justice of the
Peace for the Fifth District of Polk county, ia
the subject of the present writing. lie is a
nativet)f the State of Indiana, born November
15, 1836. He is of English ancestry, his great-
grandfather, William Lines, having emigrate<l
from old EnglaTid to South Carolina, where ho
reared a family of nine children, and died in
the ninetieth year of his age. His son, Aaron
Lines, was born in South Carolina, served as a

nisfonr of orj^oo^.

soldier in tiie Uevolutioii, icareil a family of
eight cliildren, and lived to l)e seventy years of
age. His son, Aaron Lines, was also born in
South ('arolina, in 17C9, niariied Mary Uonon,
H native of North Carolina, horn in 1770. She
was the dniishter of Mr. Charles Konon and
they were I'f Scotch ancestry. They had a fam-
ily of twelve children and reared the eleven to
maturity. This Aaron was a farmer, and lie
removed to Indiana when soine forty years of
age and resided there until he died at the ripe
old age of ninety-seven years, dying in Rush
county. He had served his country in the war
of 1812 and lived the life of an upright man.
His wife had died in 1838.

Judge Lines was the youngest child and was
reared and educated at Greencastle (JoUege, In-
diana, i, nd learned the trade of cabinetmaker,
iH'ginnin;^ at it when but fourteen years old.
He has followed that trade for a great portion
(if his life since. lie removed to Missouri in
1857, engaging in business in that State.

On the seventeenth of < )ctober, 1859, our
subject was united in marriage with Miss Jlar-
garet S. Klliott, a native of Missouri, born F'eb-
ruary 28, 1843. She was the daughter of Will-
iam Klliott. who later became Lieutenant El-
liott, of the Confederate army when the great
civil war broke out. At that time Mr. Lines
volunteered, and in January, 18(!1, he was mus-
tered into the Confederate army, joining the
First Missouri (,'avalry, becoming Sergeant of
his company he served valiantly in inanyaiiard-
fought Held. At the battle of Pittsburg Land-
ing his regiment had captured A battery, but
the men on leaving had tired some fuses ami
while the gallant boys were cheering, becau.se of
the victory, the shells began to e.xplode, result-
ing in his being wouiuled in the hip by one of
them, which so disabled him for tliree months
tlhit he was not able to \ie with his regiment.
Later he rejoined it and was with it in varii us
lights and at the battle of I'ea llidge, wnile
making a charge he received a severe saber
wound in the left shoulder. His collar bone
offering support prevented the blow from pass-
ing down through him, but this misfortune diB-
abicd him for three months more. *

Our subject again returned to his command,
but from exposure and fatigue, rheumatism set
in his wound in the hip and he was obliged to
go upon crutches, consecjuently he was retired
from the service. After his return Iiome ancl
recovery he resumed his business ot cabinet-

makini;, continuinir until 1808 when, with his
wife and two children he crossed the plains to
Oregon. They started on the fifth day of May,
arriving in Polk county in October, having
spent about five months on the journey. He
opened bis furniture business in Dallas, where
he remained one year and a half and then, in
1871. came to Independence, where he remained
until 1873. when he removed to Portland and
until 1875 remained in business there. In the
latter year he returned to Independence, where
ho has since resided, engaged in the furniture
l)usine8s and also combining undertaking with
it. In 1881 he retired from the furniture busi-
ness and has since done all of the undertaking
for all of his section.

The two children who crossed the plains with
him were John William and Mary Ellen. She
is now the wife of Mr. W. II. Wheeler, a mer-
diant of Independence. Mr. and Mrs. Lines
are both members of the Methodist Church,
South. He is a member of the Masonic fratern-
ity and in politics is a Democrat. In 1882 he
was elected Justice of the Peace and from time
to time has been re-elected to succeed himself
almost continuously, ever since. In connection
with other lines. Judge Lines does a large bus
iness in conveyancing and collecting, and during
all the years in the trials of numerous cases but
two have been appealed from his decision and
in both of these he was sustained, showing that
he is a man who has a good conception of the
]aw,as well as a man of great personal firmness.
During his long rcsideiu-e in Independence,
Judge Lines' record has been such as to secmre
the respect and confidence of the whole country.
He is a very fine, pleasant, genial gentleman,
an honor to the position which he holds.

^.y^\k.^

M)NOUABLE THOMAS M( F. PATTON,
a representative jtioneer of Oregon and
one of Salem's prominent business men.
is a native of Ohio, a\id was born in ("arrollton,
Carroll county, that State, on March 19, 1829.
His father, David Pat'ton, one of Ohio's pio-
neer settlers, married Margaret McFadden. a na-
tive of Midillotown, Pennsylvania. They have Tiiim
children, a son anil eight daughters. The son,
the subject of this sketch, and one daughter,
are now the only surviving members of the fam-
ily. He was the oldest child, and was educated

HISTGRY OP OliEGON.

65:}

at Miirlensl)!!!"^ Acadetny and at the Oliio Wes-
luyaii li'iiiversity. lie read law witli Jiidj^e
James M. Cott'enbiiry of Clovclaiul, Ohio, and
was admitted to the bar in Decemijor, 1850,
and the followinj; i[ai'eh started for (Jrcgon,
making the trip overland in (tompany with Mr.
Kdwin N. Cook and ilr. Hiram Smith. Mr.
I'atton with anotiier yoiuiir maii loft the train
and walked to Portland, where he at once en-
gaged in sufh work as he eould get to <io. His
first job. he reme?nbers, was cleaning out a
well, for which he received .?18, nearly as mnch
as ho Wf,8 paid for a month'i* teachiiiff in Ohio.
He tlien tiiought he would dress up, and paid
$14 for a pair of corduroy pants. He then paid
§1 to have liis hair cut and the alkali cleaned
out of it, so that he soon parted with his first
earnini^s. He iheii went to Yam Hill county,
where he was employed as clerk in a store at
Dayton at $50 a montii. He had been there
but a month when the proprietors sold out.
He had boarded at a hotel and slept on the
counter in the store. When he asked for his
board bill, he was told that it was $64. He
gave the man his $50, and said "that is what
they paid me for my work wliilel was boaniing
out, and it is all I have in the world."' Ho
then went to the river and found a boat coming
to Salem. He told the captain that ho had no
money, but the captain took Ijim on board,
made him his guest and landed him at Salem.
It was then about the middle of November,
1851. He Krst got a job to saw wood. He
then huTig out his shingle, and began the ])rac-
tice of his profession, but the clients came in
clowly, so he did a little of everything he could
get to do. In the spring of 1853 he started
for Rogue river, and commenced to practice
there, and grew up with the country. After
lieing there a week, ho was elected (county
.ludge of the new county of .(ackson. After
serving iti this capacity for a year, he was nom-
inated for the Legislature. He resigned his
judgeship, made his canvass and was beaten by
si.xty-Bve votes. He was on the Territorial
ticket, and the Democrats |)revailed, and
through a legal technicality, it was found that
bo was still the legal judge. He held two ses-
t-ijri8 of court and then I'esigned a second time.
He returned to Salem, and later went into the
office of Indian Affnirs, and received the appoint-
ment of Chief Clerk. In this capacity he served
foi* two years under the administration of {'resi-
dent Lincoln. He later helped to organize the

People's Trans|)ortation Company, of which ho
was secretary for two years. They built four-
teen or Kftoen steamboats, and weie very suc-
cessful. Tl'.ey sold out to benjamin Ilolladay,
when that gentleniHii began the building of the
Oregon & California railroad. In 1872 Mr.
I'atton was elected to tho Legislature (ju the
Uepublican ticket, and through his efforts the
money was voted to build the State House at
Salem, and it was also his privilege, as (Trand
Master of the Grand Lodge of Masons of ( )re-
gon, to lay the cornc;--8tone of tho edifice, and
used a silver trowel for tho purpose, which was
afterward presented to him, and which he still
cherishes among his most precious possessions.
On the 2()th of March, 1876, he received the
appointment of Appraiser'of Merchandise for the
district of Willamette, in which capacity he
served for seven years. After this. May 20,
1884, he was appointed United States Consul
to Kobe, Japan, where he remained two years,
one year under President Arthur's administra-
tion, and one under that of Cleveland. During
the Indian war of 1853, he served the country
as .Orderly Sergeant in Company A, Captain J.
F. Miller. He served as Chief CJerk in tho
Legislature of 1860. After his services in Japaa
he returned to Salem, and purchased the book
and stationery business in which he has since
been engaged. He has a fine store, which he
built, owns a large stock, and does a good busi-
ness.

Mr. I'atton was married August 3, 1854, to
Miss Frances M. Cooke, only daughter of Hon.
E. N. Cooke, who afterward became State Treas-
urer, and who came to Oregon in tho same com
pany with Mr. Patton. Mr. and Mrs. Patton
have had five children, three sons and two daugh-
ters, all born in Salem: Lillian E., married Mr.
John D. McCully; Flora C, died when three
years of age; Edwin C. and Hal D. are with
their father in the store, and are efficient and
capable young businessmen. A little son, Iloy
v., died when eight years of age, and in 1886,
after thirty-two years of happy married life, Mrs,
Patton also died.

Mr. I'atton has an enviable record as a meiu-
ber of the Masonic fraternity. He was made a
Mason on June 24, 1852, in Salom Lodge, No.
4. h\ 1853 he was one of the organizers of
Warren Lodge, No. 10, and was appointed its
Master, under dispensation. He secured its
charter and was afterward elected Master? He
has served two terms as Grand Secretary of the

^ aMK rJMW-j p T-r-r.' i «■' i m j'Z'J

u.'liiiVJM

554

JIISTOItr or OHUGON.

(traii'l I.ol^e of the State. He was appoiiitecl
Grand Treasurer to fill a vaeancy, atid lias served
three years as Deputy (Traiid J[aster, and was
the elei'ted Grand Master, and us siu-li laid the
corner-stone of the State Capitol, on the 8tli of
October, 1873. He has taken all the degrees,
includiiii; the Thirty-second, and hy virtue of
his office is a life member of tiie Grand Lodjre.
He represented tlie Grand Chapter, U. A. M. of
Oregon, in General Grand Chapter at Detroit,
Donver and Washington (yity, and Grand En-
cainpinent of Knights Templars at Chicago in
1880; San Francisco, 1883; St. Louis. 188(5 and
Washington City, 1889, and Denver, 1892.

At his home in the city of Salem he takes an
interest in the moral and religious affairs of the
place, and has been connected with the Congre-
gational Church for many years, lie is a Dea-
con in the church, and has been Superintenilent
of the Sunday-school for twenty-one years con-
tinuonsly, except for the two years when absent
in .Tajian.

On the 10th of .Fanuary, 1889, Mr. Patton
married his present wife. She is a native of
i\ew York, and is the daughter of James. J.
J'uss. a native of Jingland. She was the widow
of ^[r. Joseph Holman, who came to Oregon in
184t), and who was one of the most wortiiy pi-
oneers of tlie State. His son by his first wife
was the first male white child born in Marion
county. Mr. Holman was a linseed oil manii-
fact\irer, and a promiTient merchant of Salem,
and figured prominently in the earliest settle-
ment of Marion county. Mrs. Pattoii is a re-
fined and intelligent lady. She has been the sec-
ond wife of two of the worthy men of the State.
She takes a deep interest in the city of Salem
and in the prosperity of the State. They own a
beautiful home, appropriate surrounding.s for
persons of their worth and culture, which is
often thrown open for the entertainment of their
host of admiring acquaintances and friends.

UlAllLES CUNNINGHAM. -The sheep
industry has reached large projiortions in
J the State of ( )regon, and there are those who
declare that the downs of New England cannot
produce finer specimens than do the slopes and
valleys of this State. Among those who have
made this business eminently successful, and
have be' .o well known in connection with his

knowledge of the proper and proti table raising
of sheep, we may call attention to our subject.
Not only has he the distinction of raising more
sheep than any other farmer in Oregon, but is
one of the largest individual sheep owners in the
United States.

Mr. Cunningham was born in the county Ga-
lana, Ireland, May 20, 1840, and was the young-
est son of James and Bridget Cunningham, who
both died when Chr.rles was but a mere boy.
This was an unfortunate position for a yonth,
but he managed in some way to make his own
living until he was eighteen years of age, and
then decided that he would sot sail for America,
where there would he more opportunity for a
poor boy to make his way in the world. He
possessed enough money with which to pay his
passage, and when he landed in New \ork, in
1864, he still had seventy-five cents in his
pocket, with a new country and only strangers
before him.

This was during the civil war, and as an open-
ing was given him in the American Navy he
eidibted as a sailor on board the ship (ialena, a
vessel of sixty-pound guns, .sixteen boys and
160 men. While on this ship our subject saw
some severe fighting, the ship being literally
shot to pieces in the terrible conflict in Mobile
bay, where the ship was so shattered that it had
to be sent to New York for repairs. At the
expiration of his term of service, Mr. Cunning-
ham decided that he had seen enough of the life
of a sailor on a man of war, and left the service
and started for the far West. In 1805 he landed
in California and went to Alameda, where he
hii'ed out as a farm hand to Charles Ilatcell
and a Mr. Rankin, and worked for them for
four years, and in 1809 he came to Umatilla
county, Oregon, and here entered the employ of
Major W. II. Hanhardt, who was one of the
largest sheep owners of eastern Oregon. This
was the beginning of the successful business
career of onr subject, for here he had the oppor-
tunity to study the needs and management of
sheep. lie profited by the opportunity and
soon became a sheep-raiser himself. In those
days the rolling hills of Umatilla county and
from the Colnmbia to the summit of Blue
mountains, the land was literally covered with
that sweet, flavored, nutritious bunch grass, fa-
mous because it possessed the quality of curin
after ripening while still standing as it wonl
grow up, full over and make as fine a winter
pasture as a summer. When the fall raiuB

) , 3.1

mmmmmmmm

HISTORY OF OHKOON.

856

came it would turn {>reen, and on this account
there was seldom any necessity for feeding
sheep, as they could be turned out into these
pastures. Even when there was a deep snow,
the sheep as the horses, would paw until they
found tlie grass. Mr. Cunningham saw that
there was money in sheep, and in 1873, he as-
sociated hi-'-'' '* with Jacob Frazier, and pur-
chased a ocK, siibsequently purchasing with
Mr. Frazier the Web Slough ranch. This was
afterward known as the Hewitt & McDonald
ranch, and here Mr. Cunningham and Mr. Frazier
continued until their flocks grew so large that
they found that it would be more protitable to
make a division and each give his individual at-
tention to a flock of his own. In 1887 Mr.
Cunningham purchased what is known as tlic
Cunningham ranch on Buit'alo creek, which was
then in timatilla county, but which in 1888 was
place<l in Morrow county.

In 1888 he married Miss Sarah Doherty, a
niece of E. B. Nelson, who was killed by the
Indians in the summer of 1878. Two years
after marriage Mrs. Cunningham died, leaving
a little daughter, born in 1889. In politics,
Mr. Cunningham is a strong Republican, and is
always true to the platform of his party. The
first sheep raised in this country were of the
common stock, and Mr. Cunningham was one
of the first men who saw the advisability of im-

E roving them by the importation of thorough-
red rams. Such has been his success in this
line that while he now owns 18,000 sheep there
is not a scrub among them. Among his flocks
he has 5,000 thoroughbreds and the rest are
graded fine in quality. At one time he owned
20,000 sheep, but as there were not sufticient
rains for so large a flock he was obliged to re-
duce the number. When Mr. Frazier discon-
tinued the business, Mr. Cunningham bought
all of his thoroughbreds, and when Mr. Ross
died Mr. Cunningham bought all of his tine
sheep and also his ranches and ranges. lie had
been a noted breeder in this county and his
flocks were of the best.

Our subject has the largest flocks of thorough-
bred sheep in the United States. Eighteen
years of his life has been given to the business,
his uiiiiivided attention has been required to
attain his present success. He is now regarded
authority on the subject, his opinions being
valued by all sheep-raisers in the land. He owns
10,000 acres of tine grazing land and most care-
fully watches his flocks, weeding out all those

which do not come up to his high standard of ex-
celletice. Where could be found a better example
of the success which is sure to attend honest
eftbrtinany line than thataftbrded by our subject?
Except for the industrious habits anil honest at-
tentions, there is little connection'between the
poor lad who lauded friendless upon these shores
and the ricli and successful sheep and land king
of eastern Oregon.

WINGATE.— Among the "rustling"
l)usiness men of Astoria, stands the snb-
,* ject of this sketch, who was born at
Baillieston, near Glasgow, in Scotland, in 1847.
His ancestors were old residents of that local-
ity, actively engaged in the manufacture of iron
and coal.

Our subject was educated at Glasgow, and
served his time of four years as civil and min-
ing engineer at the school of mines, of the
Andersonian University. Seeking broader fields
for the practice of his profession, he came to
the United States in 1867, landing in New
York; thence by steamer and Isthmus of Pan-
ama, to California, and landed in San Francisco
in October, 1867 He soon found occupation
among the many coal companies of California.
Subsequently, although his practical informa-
tion was gained in the coal mines of Scotland,
he was employed by the Central Paciflc Rail-
road Company as coal prospector and geologist,
to look up coal prospects along their lines
through Nevada, Utah and Idaho. He surveyed
and mapped the Mount Diablo mine.-:, and was
superintendent of the Eureka coal mine during
its inception. He also visited the mining lo-
calities of Arizona and New Mexico, and then
entering south California, he located at Los
Angeles in 1870, and passed two years in gen-
eral survey work. In 1872 he came to Coos
Bay, Oregon, looking up coal interests, and in
1874 was appointed superintendent of the East-
port coal mine, and remained in that capacity
until 1880, when he resigned and made a trip to
the land of his nativity.

Returning to the coast, in 1881, he was em-
ployed by the Southern I'acitic Railroad Com-
pany to prospect their coal interests in Arizona,
l)ut after a few months he went to Vancouver
island, and opened the East Wellington coal
mines, near Nanaimo. Here he remained one

fSSO

ntSTORT Oh" OREGON.

,\\^

yeiir, and then lociitcd 1,000 lU'res of eoiil lauds
(III tlio island, near Cotnox, wliich lie sulise-
(jiicntly .sold to [iio Soiitlierii I'acitic (\)iiij)aiiy,
and l)()iiii;lit ()4() ar.rcs uii Ciatsoji Ijcacli, Ort'f^oii,
and lioi'u continncd raiicliini^, witii ocwisional
tri])S to tlic inincB, as expert, niitil l^'-.'S, when
he leased his t'ariii and came to Astoria, and tak-
ing an interest in railroad matters, engaged in
jiromoting the Astoria 6i South Coast railroad,
and also invested in city real estate. He was
very active in forwarding the Astoria A: I'ort-
laiid railroad, in 18!I2; rendered valuable assist-
ance in olitainiiiij the desired subsidy of 1,000
acres of land, and as one of the subsidy trus-
tees obtained contracts for the biiildiiiir of
the road from Astoria to transcontinental con-
nections.

Mr. Wi.igate was one of the organizers of
the Astoria l>aiid Company, and was elected
president. lie is also jirefeident of the Cham-
ber of Coininerce, having been in that oHice
sinci! l*^'Jl, and in June, 1802, was eleitted as
member of the State I'oard of Kiinalization.

Onr subject was married at Coos Hay, Ore-
gon, in 187(), to Miss Mary Ward, daujfliter of
Charles Ward, of Derbyshire, England. Mr.
Wingate is a Uoyal Arch Mason, and a ineiuber
of A. (). U. W.

■^•??3-"'^

M)LOXEL JAMES TAYLOR.— Descend-

4W-* '"K from pioneer ancestry and reared iijion
the fnjiitier, it was <piite natural that the
sniiject of this sketch should have been among
the early emigrants to Oregon, and we lind him
liii'nbered among the heroic band in 184"), who
crossed the broad and barren plains, seeking
homes in a country little known, and thus jiav-
ingtheway for that greater emigration which
settled and (levelopeil the great Northwest.

I'roin Scotch-Irish ancestry, James Taylor was
born in Bedford county, I'ennsylvania, in March,
1800. His parents, William and Jane (Wilson)
Taylor, were natives of the State, but removed
to Ohio in 1823, where Mr. Taylor pursued an
agricultural life. Oiir subject was educated in
Ohio, and remained with his parents until
twenty years of age. During the frontier
troubles with the Indians in northwestern Ohio
and Michigan, young Taylor was active in the
State militia, anil through his jirowess and ex-
ecutive ability he was raised to the I'ank of

Colonel. In IS.'JO we tind liiin enijaijed in
school teaching, which occupation he followed
one year, then joining his brother William, pro-
ceeded to Findlay, Ohio, then in the wilderness,
and there established a trading-post with the In-
dians, which was continued until 1843. Through
the rapid settlement of the country the Indian
trappers were forced farther hack, and thus
their business was ended. At this time Colonel
Taylor received the appointment of Register of
the land olHce, and removed to Lima, Ohio.

Our subject was married in Putnam county,
Ohio, in 1841, to Miss Esther I)'Armon,of French
descent. He continued his official tluties until
1845, then resigned and journeyed to Independ-
ence, Missouri, where he ])repared his prairie
outfit, consisting of four wagons, twenty yoke
of oxen, and a band of loose cattle and horses.
With his wife, child and able assistants, he set
out upon his journey to the far West. The emi-
gration was large, and Colonel Taylor and his
little company of Ohio friends soon realized
the wisdom of cutting loose and traveling by
tluMiiselvcs, which they did, and by pusliing
ahead safely accomplished the journey to the
Dalles. At this place they met Colonel Samuel
R. Barlow, who was cutting a road across the
Cascade mountains. Colonel Taylor drove to
the Tiglie valley and camped, and then furnished
men to assist in opening the road. The season
being late, he then packed his family and effects
across the mountains, and drove his loose cat-
tle, thus avoiding the incumbrance of heavy
wagons across the heavy trail, and landed at
Oregon City, October 10,1845. In the spring
of 1847 Colonel Taylor remo\ed to Clatsop
plains, where he had piircha.sed a claim for
()40 acres of land. The Indian trouble in
1847- '48, caused by the massacre of Dr. Whit-
man, induced him to return to Oregon (Mty
with his family, and he served in the Cayuse
war as (Quartermaster at Fort Waters, on the
site of the Whitman massacre. After peace
was declared he returned to Oregon City, where
with (ieneral Lovejoy and Medoriim Crawford,
he engaged in the sawmilliiig business, which
was successfully continued until the great
freshet of 1840 and 18.")0, when mill and lum-
ber Were carried away and onr subject was left
several thousand dollars in debt.

During the Legislature of 1848-'49, Colonel
Taylor was appointed director of the mint, to
coin a currency, ami thus raise the valuation
of gold-dust. This appointment resulted in the

! ;i

BltiTORY OF OHEOON.

" Benver money" coiiiaj^e, and was continued
lor one year until tiie appointment of a Terri-
torial (iovernor, who tiien put tlie matter in
charge of the United States Government. In
1851 Colonel Taylor returned to his farm on
Clatsop plains, and engaged in fanning, and in
the stock business, shipping to V^ictoria, on the
Fraser river, and to Puget sound, and was thus
enabled to pay off all indebtedness. In the
fall of 1855 he removed to Astoria, then a
small settlement, and purchased land holdings
on Smith's Point and Young's Pay, and has
since then devoted his time to looking after his
interests, and to the permanent development of
this city, of whicii lie has become a prominent
factor. In 1800 Colonel Taylor and sons built
the Pay railroad, in view of opening and devel-
oping property interests on Young's Pay.

Of the children born to Mr. and Mrs. Tay-
lor, five still survive: lone E., wife of Captain
J. W. White, of the United Stales revenue
service; Edward A., Collector of Customs at
Astoria; Frank J., Judge of the Fifth Judicial
District of Oregon; Mary; and Kate, the wife
of George Taylor, of Portland. Colonel Tay-
lor has never been a politician in the general
acceptation of the term, but -in 1850 was the
first Republican ever elected to the Legislature
of Oregon. He was counted out by his brother
Whig and Democratic legislators on account of
his radical politics, which at that day could not
be tolerated by the parties then dominant.
Thus is briefly related the life history of this
noble pioneer, who has been so closely connected
with the history of Oregon and the upbuilding
of the city of Astoria. All honor to the
heroic pioneer who, spanned mountains, con-
quered hostile tribes, and opened up the great
Northwest for the settlement of mankind.

[ILLIAM GROOMS, an honored Ore-
gon pioneer of 1850, a public man and
retired capitalist, was born in Kingston,
Canada East, June 23, 1823. His early years
were spent with his parents on the home farm,
where he was reared to habits of thrift and in-
dustry, and received such educational oppor-
tunities as the locality afforded. Thus passed
in peace and happiness the first fifteen years of
what was destined to be an unusually busy and
varied life.

In 1844 he came to the United States locat-
ing in Rochester, New York, where ho com-
menced to learn the carpenters and joiner's
trade, at which he worked for three years, or
until the opening of the Mexican war. In
1847, he enlisted in Company D, Tenth Regi-
ment of Infantry, and served during the war or
for five years. Proceeding to Meier, Mexico,
Mr. Grooms was detailed to special service, be-
ing appointed Steward and Wardmaster, with
the rank of First Sergeant. He continued to
remain at Meier until the close of hostilities,
and the troops returned to Matamoras, when he
rejoined his regiment, and returned with them
to New York, in 1848, and was discharged at
Fort Hamilton.

He, then, again went to Rochester, where he
continued to work at his trade until December,
1849, when he was engaged by a Rochester
syndicate to aid in framing a hotel, wiiich was
to l)e erected at some desirable location on the
Pacific coast. Accordingly,, the necessary lum-
ber and material was shipped from New York
by a sailing vessel, around Cape Horn, Mr.
Grooms being one of the accompanying party.
They arrived in San Francisco in June, 1850,
when an Oreujon syndicate immediately bought
the hotel, whicli was forthwith erected on the
Washington side of the (Columbia river, near
the present site of FortCanby. This buildinu-,
together with the land claim, were subse-
quently sold to the United States Government,
and Fort Canby was established.

Upon the completion of this building, in the
fall of 1850, Mr. Grooms, with four of his
companions, purchased a whale boat, witli which
they went up the river to Portland. Here, he
resumed his trade, at whicli he worked for three
years.

In 1853 he was elected City Marshal, and
subsequently filled the offices of Street Com-
missioner, Constable, Coroner and School Clerk.
In 1861, he was appointed assistant United
States Assessor and Inspector of spirits, tobacco
and cigars, with charge of the bonded ware-
house, which duties bedischarged faithfully and
efficiently for five years. At the e.xpiration of
this time, in 1860, he returned to his trade, en-
gaging, as opportunity offered, and his means ■
afforded, in real-estate speculations, having un-
bounded faith in the bright prospects of the
metroplis, which its subsequent development
fully verified. He thus became possessed of
much desirable property, which has since be-

i! 1

w«

HIbTORY OF OREOON.

come {jrrcHtly fiilmiiftHi in value, until, in 1S8'J,
be retired from active labor to the enjoyment of
his financial accumulations and the care of liie
property interests.

In April, 1851, lie was married in Portland,
tu Miss Agnes Lawther, an intelligent and amia-
ble lady, who crosBed the plains in 1850. They
liave one child, Martha E., now the widow of
L. W. Gilliland, who was a prominent and es-
teemed citizen of Portland, who was so well
and favorably known, that a short sketch of his
ife is appropriately submitteii. He was a na-
tive of Illinois, having l)eeii born in Putnam
county, that State, March 13, 1847. When but
six years of age he crossed the dreary waste of
plains, in 185iJ, with his parents, Alexander H.
and Mary (Miller) Gilliland, who experienced
the usual hardships and dangers of that long
journey. His parents located on land on Deer
creek, where young Gilliland remained until he
reached the age of eighteen years, his time being
employed during the summer in laboring on
the farm, while lie attended a district school in
the winter. In 18(56 he commenced clerking
in Koseburg, where he remained until loSti,
when he came to Portland. Here he took a
course at the National Pusiness (College, at
which he graduated in February, 1807. He
was then elected librarian of the Portland Li-
brary Association, which oftice he filled with
etHciency untilJune, 1870, when he accepted a
position as bookkeeper for the First National
Bank, remaining there until his death, Decem-
ber 28, 1889. Such a length of time, nineteen
years, in one position of importance and trust,
is sutHcient indorsement of liis ability and in-
tegrity, while his uniform courtesy made him a
great favorite among his associates and employ-
ers. Mr. and Mrs. Gilliland had four children:
Charles L., Agnes May, Maud E. and Robert
W. These young Oregonians have received a
legacy of honor from their father, whose repu-
tation will gain for them the good-will of hun-
dreds of worthy men, while his example will
be an enduring incentive to them in the years
to come.

-^^m

^•^--

rtr'

fJ. CATTEIILIN, the leading representa-
tive in llie photographic art at Salem,
* Oregon, is a native of the State of Iowa,
born in Madison county, in 1864. His father,

Solomon Catterlin, was a native of Indiana. In
1875 he emigrated with his family to Salem,
Oregon, and is still a resident of that city, en-
gaged in the real-estate business. In Novem-
ber, 1884, he began the study of photography
with W. P. Johnson, and after three months
opened a gallery, placing in charge a skilled
professional from Minneapolis, Minnesota, from
whom he learned the most approved methods of
the art. After one year of instruction and prac-
tice he took the helm, and has steered his busi-
ness prosperously and successfully. He does a
large business in outdoor work, making u
specialty of mountain scenery. His best ett'orts,
however, find expression in portrait work which
is finished in most perfect style, and in which
he has won an e.\t» llent reputation.

Mr. Catterlin was united in marriage at
Salem, in 1885, to Miss Lizzie Ryder, a native
of Iowa; they are the parents of two children.

In the Methodist Episcopal Churcli our wor-
thy subject has a meinliersnip, and he is also au
officer of the society. He belongs to no secret
orders. He has acquired a considerable amount
of city and country property, but devotes his
time and energies to the care of his business,
which has come to be recogni..oU as one of the
leading industries of a progressive city.

fE. GEIGER, M. D., is a native of Ore-
gon, born at Forest Grove, Washington
» county, in 1853. His father, William
Geiger, M. D., was a native of New York State,
born in 1810, of German ancestry, who emi-
grated to America late in the seventeenth cen-
tury, settling first in New York State and sub-
sequently removing to Michigan. Here the
father of our subject left his parents and pushed
west to Missouri, and there engaged in teach-
ing school. With the emigration of 1839 Mr.
Geiger crossed the plains to Oregon and passed
the winter with Dr. Whitman in eastern Ore-
gon. In 1840 he came to the Willamette val-
ley and passed a few years. He then went to
California, via tlie Sandwich islands, in 1840,
and p.issed about one year with Captain Snttor,
experiencing many adventures in that new and
unsettled country. In 1842 he joined a small
company to return East, but upon the plains of
Nevada their provisions gave out and starvation
stared them in the face, when they fell in with

Bisronr of ohegon.

ftsu

profession and continuing to reside, retaining
540 acres of iiis original claim. lie and his wife

an oiniorant train bonnd for Oregon in tiie fall,
and Mr. Geiger joined the company and re-
turned to that State.

In 1847 he married Miss Elizabeth Cornwall,
a pioneer of 1846, and they settled upon a dona-
tion claim of 040 acres, near Forest Grove, and
there resided and farmed until 1862, when he
resumed the practice of medicine. In 18()5 lie
removed to I'orest Grove, there continuing his
tinning
jinal els
have seven uhildren, and our subject is the third.

0. E. Geiger was educated at the Pacific Uni-
versity at Forest Grove, and in 1875 commenced
the study of medicine with his fatiier, according
to liomeo|)athie methods of treatment. In 1876
he went to St. Louis, Missouri, and in a course
of study under Dr. E. C. Franklin, he received
a special certificate and a diploma from the
Good Samaritan hospital, which was followed
by a course of study at the Hahnemann Medical
College of Chicago, where he graduated in the
spring of 1879. lie then returned to Oregon,
and thence to Victoria, British Columbia, where
he practiced until 1881, when he settled in
Portland and lias there continued until the
present date, enjoying a general practice, which
he carries on according to the homeopathic
methods.

He was married in Salem, October 27, 1880,
to Miss Alice E. Shirley, a native of Oregon
and daughter of James Shirley, a pioneer of the
early forties. Dr. Geiger is a member of
Progress Lodge, No. 72, and Rebekah Degree
Lodge, No. 32, I. O. O. F., also of Company
K, First Uegiment, Oregon National Guards,
and of the Oregon Pioneer Association.

[AMUEL FORD GOFF,oneof the promi-
nent and brave Oregon pioneers of 1847
and for many years a respected citizen of
Polk county, now deceased, was born in Mis-
souri June 14, 1820. lie was of Scotch- Irish
ancestry on the paternal side, and Welsh and
French extraction on the maternal side. His
parents, David and Kesiah (Ford) Goff, were
both natives of Virginia. Five children were
born to them, two sons and three daughters,
and the parents and four children came to Ore-
gon in 1844, our subject not coining until tliree
years later. They settled at Derry on a dona-

tion claim, where the father lived until his
death in ISO.I, his wife having jirevinnsly died.
Both parents were members of the Christiai;
Church and were worthy, good people.

Our sul)jo(!t was the eldest of the family and
was married in Sheridan county, Missouri,
March 14, 1844, to Miss Nancy Virgin, born in
Kentucky, Marcii 9, 1820, daugluer of Ii('u>oM
Virgin, of Pennsyivaiiia. wiio married Aliss
Womock, a native of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs.
Goff came to Oregon in 1847 after losing their
first cliild in Missouri. They started A|)ril 5,
1847, an<l had a prosperous journey. On the
trip another little one was added to the family
and they named him David lieason, but be died
at the foot of the Tailapoota mountains and they
brought his little body to Eugene and buried
him, surrounded by others wlic^ had passed
away. The journey consumed six montlis, lack-
ing a day, and they arrived in I'olk tounty Oc-
tober 4, 1847. They took up their donation
claim three and one-half miles south of where
the Dalles now is, and on this 640 acres of land
they built their little cabin and began the life
of the Oregon pioneer, surrounded with very
few of the necessities of life. They were very
poor, but Mr. Gotf's father kindly helped him,
giving liim cattle and horses, and here the two
worked and labored, the wife doing her full
share toward improving the property. The
husband did a good deal of teaming, carrying
produce to Portland and bringing back mer-
chandise. On his farm he carried on genei;al
farming, and in time replaced his little cal)in
by a good, substantial frame residence, in which
he resided until 1887. At this date they re-
tired from the farm, came to Independence,
purchased lots and built the residence where
the widow and her daughter Sophia now reside.
Mr. Goff died June 30, 1887, after living a
good and useful existence. He had been a good,
kind-hearted man, and had been a member of
the Methodist Church for a number of years.
Twelve children were born to his wife and him,
seven of whom they reared to maturity. The
eldest daugliter, Laura V., is now the widow of
A. C. Harrison and resides in Marion county;
Samuel is married and resides in Independence;
Lucretia N. married John Bacon and they re-
side in Polk county, engaged in farming;
Luvenia P. married Fred Gelwick and resides
in Pulman, Whitman county; Mary Ellen is the
wife of George Pierce and also resides at Pul-
raaii; Geneva is the wife of Marcus T. Fisher.

ri(>o

HISTOItr OF OliSaoN.

Mrs. Golf ia now in lii'r sixty-sixtli year and
lilts rctaiiHHl lier t'nciilties in a wondi-TtuI dcgret).
Shu displnys tine Imciiu'fs aliility and is noted
for lifing an lione.-t, plain spoken iii'rson, who
always Bpoaks tlic plain truth. She is widely
known and highly esteemed hy all who know
her as a f;oo(l specimen of the hrave, heroic
pioneer women ot Oregon.

tON. 1). J. SWITZEIl, oneof the promi-
nent and enterprisini^ citizensof St. Ilelen,
is a native of Vermont, horn at Pittsfield,
Maich 18, 1843, son of iJaniel Switzer, a native
ol Maswaeluisetts, of Swiss extraetioii, and Ada-
line (Whitmore) Switzer, of Scotch extraction.
The paternal ancestry emigrated to America a
short time before the Kevolutionary war, there
being three brothers, one of whom settled at
Montreal, another in Charleston, South Caro-
lina, and the third in Jioston. The subject of
this sketch descended from the brother who set-
tled in Hoston. He was reared and educated
in the State of his birth, his early life being de-
voted to the farm. Later he learned the car-
penter trade and that of sash and door maker,
which he pursued at Ypsilanti, Micliij^an,
whither he had removed in 1807. He remained
here until 1870, when he removed to Wiscon-
sin, renwiining in that State eighteen months;
thence to Lincoln, Nebraska; later to Iowa. In
1874 he came to the Pacific coast, and after fol-
lowing his trade in California anil other States
came to St. Helen in 1877. In 1888 he was
elected County Judge, serving a term of four
years. As an organizer Judge Switzer has
always been ])romiiient in the Republican rank.s,
and has bien a member of the County Central
Committee for a period of twelve successive
years. At the time of the organization and in-
corporation of St. Ilelen, February, 1889, he was
very active and at the present is City Treasurer.
For several years he has been engaged in
abstract and legal writings, and April I, 1892,
he established himself .with G. W. Cole, a
prominent attorney of tliis city, now doing busi-
ness undi-r the firm name of Cole & Switzer,
real estate and abstract birreau and insurance
and money brokers. The firm represents a
number of the best tire insurance companies,
l)eeides the New York Life. They own their
business property and are doing a large and

tlourisliing business. Mr. Switzer is also inter-
ested jointly in the ownership of 124 acres of
partially imjiroved land, with J. S. Miller, the
property being situated four miles west of St.
Helen, on which is a tine young orclririi of a
general variety of fruit trees; also 320 acres anil
other lands partly im])roved. Mr. Switzer, K.
K. (Juick and ilames Thorn organized an ab-
stract bureau at Oregon lity in 1889, using the
new books (^mtaining the condensed title ab-
stract, known as the Thorn system. Although
the business continued, Mr. Switzer sold his
interest the following year.

Mr. Switzer was married in this city January
1(5, 1881, to Miss Eliza Muckle, a native of
Canada. HeafKliates socially witii the order of
A. F. & A. M., St. Ilelen Lodge, No. 32, and
is now filling the station in the West. Mr.
Switzer comes from a long-lived and prolific
race, his parents being both living, aged re-
spectively eighty-six and eighty-seven years.

tA R K Y H. C L I F F, M. U.-l'rominent
among the leading medical practitioners of
Oregon, is the gentleman wiiose name
opens this sketch. Dr. Cliff was born in Brad-
ford, Yorkshire, England, December 8, 1857,
his parents being Joseph and Annie (Foster)
Clifi". To them were born eleven children, the
subject being the fourth in order of birth. He
was reared and educated in his native country.
After completing a classical course of study he
began reading medicine in 1875, and graduated
in medicine and surgery from Darlington Med-
ical College at Sidney, New South Wales, in
1880. He practiced in that city until 1885,
when he came to America, first locating at San
PVancisco, California, where he practiced only a
few months, coming from that city to St. Hel-
en, where he has since made his home.
Although he lias been here so short a time he
has built up a good practice, which is constantly
increasing and has gained the confidence of the
entire community and medical profession at
large. He is a graduate of the Allopathic or
regular school of medicine, and has been a
member of the State Medical Society since
1888. He is the County Physician of Columbia
county, and is the Medical Examiner for the
New York Mutual Life Insurance Company.
He was naturalized in 1891 and elected to the

niHTOKY OF OUKdON.

661

St. Ileleii'H City Council tlie following year. Po-
litically hu iittiliiites with tlm Uonublicun party
and takes an active intercHt in all innttors per-
tttininj^ to tlio welfare of the city, county and
State.

October 22, 1882, Dr. Cliff was married to
Miss Clara A. Evans, and three children were
horn to their union, only to l»t> taken away while
in infancy. Few men are more highly respected
and generally e-iteomed than IJr. Cliff, while hix
wife shares his popularity with him.

^'S%

*ta-

a^ S. I'AGUE, Local Forecast Official
1^ United States Weather Bureau, Portland,
ijp'o Oregon, is a native of the State of Penn-
sylvania, born at Carlisle, in 1862. His paternal
ancestors were of German extraction, and his
mother was a member of the Culver family of
New York, very early settlers of that State, of
Scotch-Irish descent. Both branches of the
family settled in the Cumberland valley in Penn-
sylvania about 1760. S. A. Pague, the father
of 15. S., was a farmer by occupation, and also
operated a tannery. Our subject attended the
common schools at Carlisle, and was graduated
from the high school at that place; he then en-
tered Dickenson College, from which he was
appointed to the Signal Service; he was gradua-
ted from the school for signal service at Arling-
ton, Virginia, in 1882, and was then appointed
Assistant Observer at Mt. Washington, New
Hampshire, a station exposing the officers to
great hardships and much severe weather; it is
located in the direct course of nine-tenths of the
storms which cross the continent, where the
wind reaches a velocity of 186 miles an hour;
storms of snow and sleet are unprecedented, and
the house is chained to the mountain to prevent
its being swept away by the blast. At this
station, accompanied by one observer and a
cook, Mr. Pague passed about fifteen months.
He was then stationed at Cleveland, Ohio, as
First Assistant.

He was married in this city ^December 24,
1884, to Miss Alice T. Laaphear, of an old and
honored family of Ohio. He remained at
Cleveland until February, 1885, when he was
sent to San Francisco to take charge of the
Meteorological department. In May, 1886, he
was transferred to Roseburg, Oregon, to take
charge of the second order station, and in De-

comber, 1888, he was transferred to Portland to
take charge ot the station in this city, which is
one of twenty-two first order stations of the
United States: under his direction are seventy-
six display stations of the Oregon State Weather
Service. The first organixution of a Meteoro-
logical Bureau in Oregon was in June, 1887,
when Mr. Pague, then United States Signal
Service Observer at Uoseburg, collected data of
voluntary meteorohfgical work, and published it
in the "Jourruil of Commerce" of Portland.
This system continued until May, 1888, when
the service had grown sufficiently to warrant the
publication of a paper devoted to its interests;
the publication was named "Oregon State
Weath'jr Ueview atid Agricultural lieport;"
6,000 copies wore issued each month and dis-
tributed throughout the country, and the work
was a success. Through the instrumentality of
Mr. Pague an act passed the Legislature Febru-
ary 25, 188y, creating a law which established
the Oregon State Weather Service, which co-
operates with the United States Signal Service
in collecting metereological data disseminating
weather forecasts and storm signals for the bene-
fit of agricultural and other interests. The
work has been very gratifying in its results, and
has been carried forward with much wisdom
and intelligence.

Mr. and Mrs. Pague are the parents of one
child: Donald Mitchell; they reside at Pied-
mont, where they have a handsome home. Mr.
Pague is highly respected in his profession, and
for care and accuracy in work he stands at tile
head of a list of 500 members.

lAPTAIN WILLIAM S. POWELL, a
worthy pioneer of Oregon and business
^ . man of Portland, is a native of the State
of Ohio, born at Mount Vernon, Knox county,
September 22, 1832, his father, John Powell,
M. D., was born in Maryland in 1798, his fa-
ther was born in Wales in March, 1754. He
came to America as a soldier of the British
array, was taken prisoner by the colonists and
was held until peace was declared. lie remained
in this country and was a pioneer in the State
of Ohio, where he pursued farming until his
death in March 10, 1829. His son married
Miss Mary Scoles of Maryland, and the daugh-
ter of Mr. William Scoles. Ho was a native of

nu'j

UlUTOUY UF UUJidOiV.

hiifi; i^:

'•'i

Irelnnd and hotli Mvn of tlu' f'ainily wpm; Metli-
(i(liht(t. Tlii^ liiitl tii^lit cliilili-cn, three of wlioiii
(ire living.

Mr. W.N. I'oweil wiis next to the 3'()niiff(>ht
<>t the i'liinily lunl with riiihcil in Ohio until hi^
nineteeMth year. In 1^52 lie emni! to I'ortliinij,
erort«e(i tlie plainH with n sinter and hrother-in-
law iitiil It iiirj^'e company. Their journey was a
cafe one and one only of the eonipatiy died and
was huriecl on the plains. From the Cascjides
they eanu' on the old steamer Multnoiinvh,
-nded at I'ortland October 4, 18")'.^. liirt money
Was c.xhaiiHted and he .^awed wood for his hoard
at the Cohiinhia hotel. lie then went to lien-
ton ciinnty and worked at the carpenter trade
and from there he returned to I'ortland. There
he purchased an ax and spent the winter cut-
tiiiir wooil ami in this way struggled to subsist.
In the spring of IHo'ii a iiriifhter day dawned,
work became plenty and he prospered and lias
since ni.ft with a fair decree of success. He has
invested in city property, has bouj^ht and sold
land ami lias done considerable buildinir. In
iyf)4 he raised ('ompany U, Virst Oregon In-
fantry, of which he was commissioned Captain.
They expected to jj;o to the front, but were or-
I'.ered to ff) into the Indian country in eastern
Oregon and Idaho to protect the settlers and
keep tile Indians in check. They were part of
the time stationed at camp Lion. lie was mus-
tered out January 16, 1800. He returned to
Portland and purchased an intorest in the Ore-
gon Iron Works. (Tovernor (libbs was presirlent
of the comj)any. After a time a disastrous tire
occurred and they were lic^avy losers, lie then
went to Dayton and eiifxaged in sawmilling
and in the warehouse business and again met
witli satisl'in lOry success. After sixteen years
he iigain returned to I'ortland and established
liis present grocery and commission business, in
which he is handling hay, feed, provisions and
fjroceries. mostly at wiiolesale. llis partner is
Mr. J. J. Shiply. Tiiey both have a wide ac-
quaintance and enjoy the confidence of many
customers.

In 1855 Mr. Powell was married to Miss
Helen C. Hill, step-daughter of General Coffin,
a prominent pioneer of Oregon and one of the
principal founders of the city of Portland. (See
history in this book.) Mr. and Mrs. Powell
have six children all natives of Oregon, three of
whom are now living, namely: Mary L., wife
of Mr. Shiply, her father's partner; Charles A.,
is assisting in the store; Frankie, is the wife of.

Harry A. Haseltlne, a prominent business nntn
of the city. Mr. Powell is a member of tiie
I. O. O. F., has pa^KtMl the chairs in both
branches. He is also a member of the (i. A. U.,
Lincoln <iai Held Post. Mr. Powell and family
are worthy members of (rrac^e Methodist Chun-n
of Portland. He was a member of the iiiiilding
committee that iiuilt tiie tu'W church e<litice
and he is a [Steward. Mr. Powell has resided
forty years in the Slate of Oregon and has seen
the whole of its wonderful growth and develop-
ment and he is ever ready to do all in his power
to advance its interests.

ILSON CAUL, a highly respected Ore-
gon pioneer of 1851!, and the person
after whom Carlton is named, who
is now a citizen of McMinnville, was borti
in Amity, Washingtrm county, PennHylvania,
May 21, 1827. His father, Jacob F." Carl, a
native of New Jersey, was born in April. 1800.
He was of fternian descent, his ancestors hav-
ing emigrated from (iermatiy to this country
at the time of the llevolution. (ireat-grand-
father Carl was a sohlier in the Hessian army
at the battle of Trenton, but deserted and joined
the Contii'.M 'al army, doing good service to the
close of the vi''. He then settled in New Jer-
sey, where !ii» [grandfather and father Carl were
both borii 'i he latter moved to Pennsylvania
in an (•.•:!y lay, where he nnirried Miss Eliza-
beth Wilson, a native of (Jreene county, Penn-
sylvania, and a daughter of John and Kiith
Wilson. They moved to Ohio when the sub-
ject of our sketch was b\it seven years of age,
where they resided until the death of the father,
in 1830, and of the mother a year later. They
left nine children, six sons and three daiigliters,
of whom Mr. Carl knows nothing since 1832.
at the time of his parents' death, when tiie chil-
dren were scattered among the mother's relatives.
Thus doubly deprived. Mr. Carl turned his
eyes westward, and the excitement for emigra-
tion to the extreme West being rife at that time,
he was caught in the stream of moving hu-
manity. Accordingly, in 1852, he started with
an ox team from Van Buren county, Iowa,
bound for Multnomah county, Oregon. He
came with Dr. Joel Knight, and when he ar-
rived at his destination, he had nothing bnt an
extremely poor suit of clothes which he wore,

UIsrOHY OF OHKllDN.

mill liiit willing liiMidi). IIo knew soiautliing of
the (!iir|)t!iitorrt' triiilu itiid wiis |)i)hmo8ho(I iiT ^ouiI
lieHltii. TliiiM u({iii|)|)u(l uii yu|ituinli(ir 13, 185!),
lie K()H>?lit mill found work with Mr. l.ewolliii)^
neiir Milwaukee, on the Williiinotte river. Kroni
there ho wont to (Jliirke county, Wiishini^ton,
where he continued tu work »t hit* trade until
1855, 8|)ending rnoHtoT hin time in Vitncouver.

In 1855 heoiine to Vhiu Hill county, working
tirst Ht Amity, whero he linilt u house for Solo-
mon Allen. After this, he came to McMinn-
ville, wii; - he erected two wings of the old
Haptisl College, which were each seventy-two
feet in length.

In May, 1860, he married MioH Mary Jane
Stout, a native of Noble county, Ohio, an estim-
able lady, and a daughter of a venerable pio-
neer, Jonathan S'out.

After hirt mar/iai^i;, he continued for a couple
of yearti to work at his trade, living a part ot
that time on the S. (J. Addams' farm, after
which time he purchased the farm, where his
father-in-law now resides. This he afterward
sold to its present owner, and with his wife, he
went to California, for the henetit of her health.

He worked for a year and a half in Tuolum-
ne county, Califoriiia, when ho went to Mono,
remaining there three years, when in 18(i2, ho
returned to Yam Hill county, where he purchased
the 250 acres of land, on which he has since re-
sided, which is located seven miles northwest
of McMinnville. He has resided on this prop-
erty for thirty years, and has been greatly pros-
pered, and ha3 made many improvements on
the place, which has added much to its value.
He some time afterward also purchased the
Robinson farm of 212J acres, with all improv>i-
nients, and now owns in all 575 acres of as
choice agricultural land as is to be found in the
country. He is raising grain and hay, and is
engaged in stock-raising raising a cross of the
Clydesdale horses, and a cross of Durham cattle,
in all of which he has been very successful.

Mr. and Mrs. Carl have four sons, all living.
A. W. is in Washington, where he owns a
garden farm, and is fanning; the other three
sons, Edwin S., Winter W. and George H. are
still with their father.

Mr. Carl is a Republican in politics, and was
one of the early organizers of the party. He
was a strong Union man at the time of the war.
He has held the office of County Commissioner,
in which capacity he served with ability and in-
tegrity. He has always been public-spirited

and progressive, and was the means of estab-
lishing tli<« r.iili'oiid station at Ciirltoii, wiiicli
the coni|)any named in mojiiory of hirt serv-
ices in its establisliinunt.

Mr. Oarl has been a member of the Masonic
fraternity for more than tliirty years. Holli he
and his faithful wifi^ are worthy members of
the Methodist Church, and he lias served as ('lass
Leader and in other ways, and has contributed
both of his moans and inlluenco to the support
and growth of his church; has held the otlice
of school clerk in his school ilistrict twelve years.

As with uU of the pioneers of Oregon, the
years of toil and hardships through which it has
been necessary to pnss, before emorging into the
broad and pleasant ways of prosperity, have told
on Mr. Carl. His life, hort'over, has been emi-
nently suoceisful, both as regards tinancial
matters, and also with reference to enjoying the
esteem of his fellow-men, as ivell as in a tinal
acf^nittal at the trilnmal of his own searching
conscience. And thus v,e leave him and hia
devoted wife, who have traveled together life's
changeful ways for thirty-six years, secure in
each other's atfection and the approval of the
world.

U. CHARMAN was born in Surrey. En-
gland, on the lOth of April. 1843, and
1* in September, 18-49, he with his parents
and their family left England for America, and
landed in New York city in October of the
same year.

After a brief stay in the metropolis, his fam-
ily went to Contreville, Indiana, where he re-
mained with his parents uiitil 1851. I|i that
year, with his brothers, James and Frederick,
he went to Muncie, Indiana, to engage in the
bakery business and learn the trade. He was
educated in the public schools of his adopted
State. After having learned the trade of baker
he went with his father, in ISfil, to Anderson,
Indiana, which had a promising future, and for
twelve years they were engaged together in the
bakery and grocery business, and met with flat-
tering success, except being burned out in the
great tire of May, 1876.

In 1808 he was married to Miss Matilda
Elliott, the estimable and accomplished daugh-
ter of Mills Elliott, a prosperous ^tock-raiser of
that State. The same year Mr. Charman was

664

IIISTORY OF OREOON.

elected (3ity Treasurer of Anderson, and served
two yttars. In 1872 lie was appointed agent of
tlie American Kxpress Company, and i-erved
tiiat company until otlier bnsiiiess compelled
liim to resign. In 1876 he associated liimself
with J)r. J. F. itrandon, in the drng business,
and continued in active business in Anderson
until 1882, when he and his wife concluded to
try their fortuucs in Oregon, and after locating
in ()rei<on (Mty he engaged in the general mer-
cantile businees for six years with his brother.
Major Thomas Charman, and then bought the
interest of his nephew, T. L. C!harnian, in the
City DruLf Store, where he still continues, doing
a large and lucrative business, under the lirm
name of t'liarman «fe Co.

Ross, as ho is familiarly called, has made
many warm friends in his new home, and has
become a permanent Kxture of the town, be-
sides his interest in the drug business, Mr.
Charman has accumulated considerable prop-
erly in the city and country. He has erected a
pleasant residence on Seventh street, overlook-
ini; the surrounding country, which presents an
elegant view, seldom equaled. In politics Mr.
Charman is a Democrat. lie served a term in
the City Council of Oregon City, and per-
formed the duties of the office with integrity
and ability.

He stands high in the Masonic fraternity,
and is a member of Multnomah Lodge, No. 1,
the oldest lodge in the West. Ross is a very
genial and companionable gentleman, and he
enjoys a joke as much perlipps as any living
man. He is l)enevolent in disposition, just in
everything, and a worthy citizen.

Thus has bnsiiiess ability and honest dealings
resulted in prosperity and universal good will,
in wiiieh Mr. Charman has the best wishes of
all for his future years.

M. HANSON, deceased, was a native of
iJenmark, who emigrated to America
[» when a young man, and first located in
Stark county, Ohio. Mr. Hanson was a shoe-
maker by traile, and in 18(i5 removed to Marion
county. Oregon, where he followed his profes-
sion for several years. During his residence in
this last named county, he was prominently
identified with all the interests of that county,
serving at one time as County Assessor. lie

came to Oregon in 1871, and was a resident of
Salem for two years, subsequently removing to
Benton county, where he engaged in farming
until his death, June 12, 188'J.

Mr. Hanson was married in Stark county,
Ohio, to Miss Barbara Bencher, a native of
Switzerland, whose parents came to America
when she was a child. They located in Stark
county, Ohio, where they lived and died. Mr.
and Mrs. Hanson were the parents of six chil-
dren, only one of whom is now living, Clara.
The others were Emma, Lydia, Levy and an in-
fant daughter, and all of them died, in 1877,
w'thin a week of each other, of diphtheria.

Mrs. Hanson and her daughter reside on the
farm, eight miles southwest of Co.-vallis. This
farm is a tine one, consisting of 200 acres, 140
of which are devoted to grain-growing, and the
balance to timber and grazing.

In the death of Mr. Hanson, the county lost
a good, true citizen, and the family a devoted
father and husband.

IlLLlAM I. VAWTER.— Among the
substantial institutions of southern
Oregon is the Jackson County Bank of
Medford, which was established September 1,
1888, and was conducted successfully as a pri-
vate bank by William I. Vawter until July 1,
1892, when the capital stock was increased from
82.5,000 to $50,000, and incorporated with the
following named officers: William 1. Vawter,
president; William Slinger, vice-president;
G. W. Howard, cashier; and J. E. Enyart as
assistant cashier. Exchanges drawn on Port-
land, San Francisco and New York. The bank
has done a safe and prosperous business since
its doors were thrown open to the public and it
ranks among the substantial banking houses of
the State.

William L Vawter. wliose name heads the
official list, is a native of Linn county, C>regon,
born March 24, 1803. His father emigrated
from Indiana across the plains to Oregon, in
1853. His mother is a native of Missouri, and
also crossed the plains by ox teams, with her
parents, as early as 1840. Her pe(>ple located
in the Willamette valley, which at that early
day was populated with Indians.

William was reared and educated in his na-
tive State, graduating from the university of the

HlarOllT OF OREGON.

86S

State in 1886, and tilled the position of princi-
pal in the public schools in Eugene, until 1888,
when he established the Jackson County Bank,
at Med ford.

Politically he is a stanch Republican, and
takes an active interest in the party. lie is a
member of A. F. & A. M. Since he became a
resident of Medford, he has been closely iden-
tified with the interests of that city, and is
always among the first to give his support, finan-
cially to every public enterprise tending to de-
velop the city. Although a young man, he has
gained a reputation for himself in the com-
munity as one of the most itifiuential and pro-
gressive citizens, as well as an able scholar and
financier. .

♦^

N^^^^^

fLMEll ELLSWORTH ClIARMAN, one
of the most intelligent and progressive
young business men of Oregon City, is
one of her native sons, liaving been born in
that municipality, September 23, 1861. His
lather, Frederick Charman, was born in En-
gland in 1835, and came to America in 1851.
lie was for three years a merchant in Indiana,
when, in 1854, he came to Oregon City, em-
barking in the mercantile business with his
brother, M.ijoi Charman, under the firm name
of Charmar. i'rothers. He continued in this
business, meeting with flattering success, until
his death, on December 23, 18(58. The faith-
ful wife, mother of the subject of this sketch,
was former'.j a Miss Mary Diller, and a native
of Germany, who accompanied her relatives to
Oregon in the early history of the Territory.
To this marriage were born two children, both
sons, and both born in Oregon City, Leonard,
the other brother, being also a prominent busi-
ness man of this city.

The subject of this sketch was educated at
the State Agricultural College at Corvallis, at
which institution he gra<hmted in 1881, taking
the degree of Bachelor of Arts. On returning
to this city, he engaged in tlie drug business,
and by selling none but high-class goods, by
upright dealing and evincing an accomiuodating
spirit, he has sec\ired a large trade among the
most substantial citizens of the vicinity. This,
however, is not the only business enterprise in
which he is engaged. He is more or less in-
terested in nearly all of the money-making or-

ganizations in the city, being half owner and
manager of Clackamas Heights, which is one of
the best additions to Oregon City, his mother
owning the other half. Mr. Charman has built
a sign on Clackamas Heights, which is proba-
bly the largest one ever erected in the State,
being thirteen feet high and 150 feet long, bear-
ing Targe white letters, which can be seen for
several miles in every direction, and is quite a
curiosity. I?esides being a half owner of the
drug business of Charman & Co., he is a part-
ner with his brother in several other enter-
prises, among whicii is a large brickyard, also
the beautiful suburban addition Weslynn, on
the west side of the river, and North Oregon
City, on the east side. They are also the build-
ers and owners of the Charm.in Brothers' l)lock,
which is the best business block in the city, 69 .
X 72 feet, three stories high, with a basement,
the latier finished with concrete thi-oughout,
and the whole provided with all modern im-
provements, and lighted with electricity and
heated by steam. Their commodious and hand-
some drug store, with tile Hoors, steel ceiling
and beautiful fixtures, is in this building, also
the Livermore Hotel, the United States Land
Offices, besides other business offices. It is he
who became notorious by reason of putting
electric lights in his bed to k ep his feet warm,
and in this direction might give some points to
the great wizard, Edison. It occurrecl in this
manner: Having worked late at the office over
his books, )ie went home, and being cold, he
turned on the electric light, placing the bulb
under the bed clot les at the foot, while he got ,
sotr.ithing to eat. finally returning to his room
and removing the light, which he turned off.
Getting into bed, he was soon asleep, when he
was awakened by burning his feet. Springing
up, he found the room to be full of smoke, but
fortunately tlie fire was easily gotten under con-
trol, and when thoroughly extinguished he again
retired, without having aroused his wife and
litilc daughter. Tins, however, was too good a
joke to remain a secret, and coming to the ears
of some one connected with the Oregonian, that
paper printed an article on the subject, which
was copied by numerous papers throughout the
United States, while the president of the Wil-
lamette Frtlls Electric Light Company, P. F.
Morey, wrote him a letter of thanks for dis-
covering a new use for electricity, as it would
be a p<3or man who wonld not give a dollar a
year to have his feet kept warm, and he thought

5«0

UISTOHY Oil' OREOOtf

this new use would result in a large source of
revenue to the company.

Mr. Charinan and liia brother are efficient
members of the IJoard of Trade, the former being
one of the oonm.ittee on membership. Many
new members have been enrolled on their list.

Mr. Charman was married May 14, 1884:, to
Miss Lena Kershaw, an estimable lady of rare
musical accomplishments, and a native of Nor-
wich Corners, New York State, daughter of
Mr. Saiiiuel Kershaw, a native of England.
Mr. and Mrs. Charman have traveled exten-
sively throughout the United States, she having
visited Oldham, England. They have one child,
a charming little daughter, with the appropriate
name of June Marieve. He has a quarter
block on the corner of Ninth and Main streets,
where his large and comfortable residence is
located, which is supplied with modern improve-
ments and surroutided with a nice lawn dotted
with evergreen trees.

One often hears of a person being wedded to
a place, but the relationship of Mr. Charman to
his city is even closer, as this charming place is
more like a parent, having witnessed his birth
and growth aud the successful enterprises of his
manbood. He is a creditable offspring of that
country and State, which produces nothing use-
less • i "-noble.

fASI'EIi UHCJDES, a prosprous farmer
and self-made man of Polk county, was
born in Nodaway county, Missouri, March
ly. 1^49. His father, J. M. liiiodes, was born
in Pennsylvania, and removed to Mi880\iri,
where he married Miss Susan Eliott, a native of
tiiat State. They had a family of thirteen chil-
dren, nine of whom they brought with them to
Oregon when they nuule the trip in 1868.
They came direct to Polk county, and settled on
the f/uckamute, on a farm of 3i!0 acres of land,
where Mr. Ilhodes, Sr., now resides witli his good
wife. Their home is on the Little Luckamute,
and they are quiet, industrious farmers.

Our subject was in his twentieth year when
he came to Oregon. He first worked for wages,
and then rented a farm, and for sixteen years
followed that kinil of occupation, saving his
money and slowly prospering. He then pur-
chased 345 acres of land in the bottom, three
and one-half miles southeast of Independence.

Two years later he sold it and purchased h's

[)resent farm of 320 acres. He has mad*" this
and into one of the finest farms in his section.
Our subject was married in ISTU, to Miss
Ella Helms, a native of Oregon, born June 1,
1860, daughter of Mr. Henry Helms, ''.ci Ore-
gon pioneer. Mr. and Mrs. Rhodes moved to
their present farm in 1884, where they have
since resided. Two children lave been born to
them, namely: Lester and Go die. In politics
Mr. Rhodes is a Democrat, and he is a worthy
and reliable citizen. On his .'arm Mr. Rhodes
raises grain and stock, and is very successful in
both. Py his own industry and honesty he has
risen to his present position, and lie is richly
deserving of liis prosj)erity. .

IFFINGIIAM SCHIEFFELIN, a promi-
nent farmer, residing near Cornelius,
Washington county, is a native son of
Oregon, born in Jackson county, Nov. 7, 1857,
son of Clinton SchiefTelin, a native of Pennsyl-
vania, but passed his boyhood in New York and
Mexico, attaining his majority, however, in his
native State. He married Miss Jane Walker,
born in Ireland, but came to America in her
childhood, and was reared in Pennsylvania.
Mr. Schieffelin, Sr., came by water in 1'852,
settling in California, but in the fall of the fol-
lowing year he removed to Oregon, settled in
Jackson county, and sent for his wife and chil-
dren. They came on to Oregon in 1857, and
the children that made the trip were: Edward
L., Albert E. and Elizabeth Jane. The father
was a farmer, and prominent in the early his-
tory of the development of Jackson county,
lie was active and prompt in the discharge of
his duties as a citizen. In politics he was a
strong and intelligent Itepnblican, and was
twice nominated for a Representative to the
Legislature, but was defeated, as the county
was Democratic by a large majority. In 1880
he retired from active business, removed to Los
Angeles, and there resided until his death, which
occurred in 1884. His wife is still living, and
resides on the old home p'ace in Loi> Aii^c'cs,
Our subject whs the sixth chi i in the fe.".
ily, and was reared and educated in -Tuc' ;0':
county. When he became of age he went to
Arizona, and with his brothers, Edward L. and
Albert E., was successfully engaginl in qinirtz

UI8T0RY OF OKEGON.

567

raining tor eighteen months, lie then retired
to Oregon, and remained at the old home place
for two years, lie then sold out and joined his
brothers in a prospecting tour to Alaska. They
found several good placer mines, but did not
remain to work theyi, and returned to Califor-
nia. From there he came to Oregon, settling
in Washington county in 1884:, where Mr.
Schieffelin purchased 050 acres of land, three
miles north of Cornelius, where he has since
resided. On this land he has made mfiny and
valuable improvements, and now has one of the
finest farms in the county, lie keeps a herd ot
Jersey cattle, and lias turned his attention to
horticulture, having planted sixty acres of IiIf
farm in Bartlett pears.

On the Ist of June, 1884, our subject was
married to Mrs. Frances Selatha, a native of the
8tate of Illinois, born May 11, 1859, daughter
of Mr. George Beagle. By her tirst marriage
Mrs. Schietielin had two children, namely:
William and Lillie. Mr. and Mrs. Schieffelin
are progressive, liberal and hospitable people,
who never tire of entertaining their friends and
acquaintances. Socially they are esteemed and
respected throughout the entire county, in
politics our subject is a Itepublican, but gives
his entire attention to farming. He is very
progressive, and is fully abreast ot the times
with regard to the most improved methods of
farming and stock-raising.

SG. THOMPSON, one of the pioneers of
Oregon, was born in Franklin county,
<> Mihsouri, March 17, 1837, and lived in
Misftuuri until he was sixteen years of age,
when he came to Oregon with his parents.
His father, John W. Tliompson, was born in
Virginia in 17U7, and Iuk parents moved to
Kentucky in 1801. Mr. Tliompson remained
with Ids parents until twenty years of age, but
in 1817 he went St. Louie, Missouri, and thence
to Franklin county, where he married Miss
Mary Campbell, where he lived for several
years. He then removed to Folk county, and
in 1853 he came across the plains to Oregon by
wagon. lie stopped in I.ane county, and there
he died in 1865, at the age of sixty-live years,
but Mrs. Thompson died in 1886, at the age of
seventy-eight, and they had been kiiid and good
parents of four girls and four boys.

The subject of this sketch is the fifth child,
and the youngest of the boys. After ,irriving
in Oregon, at the age of sixteen, young R. G
found occupation in assisting his father in the
improvement of the farm, and in this way did
not have much opportunity for obtaining any
schooling, in fact ninety days was all the school
days he had, and even this was obtained in dif-
ferent schools, one term lasting in one case just
seventeen days. After our subject had become
of age, he shouldered his maul, wedge and ax,
and with those assistants he went into the for-
ests of Lane county, and there laid the founda-
tion of his fortune.

At the time of the Indian outbreak Mr.
Thompson enlisted, and went into the war known
as the Rogue river war, in 1855-'56, and served
in several battles, participating in those of Cow
Creek, Big Meadow and Oak Flat. After the
Indian war our subject obtained the contract
lor the carrying of the mail through the Wil-
lamette valley, and continued at this until 1859,
at which time he had accumulated enough to
start a pack train. He followed packing to the
mines of south Oregon until 18G2, and then
came to eastern Oregon, where he carried on
packing four years. Later he went into sheep-
raising with Mr. Barnhardt, and continued at
that until at one time they had 38,000 sheep.
In 1878 the Indians became warlike again, and
he went out to subdue them. There were some
very hard tights in this war, called the Ban-
nock war, and our subject had to tight with the
Umatilla Indians. In 1884 he and his part-
ner sold their sheep, and bought a large flour-
ing mill in Pendleton, but this investment did
not prove successful. Mr. Thompson sold out
at a loss of $60,000, and then entered the sheep
business again. He now has on an average,
6,000 sheep on his ranch, and owns 1,000 acres
of land, wliere he farms and has his sheep
ranch. The pleasant residence of our subject is
located in the east end of Pendleton, and he
also owns four tine brick blocks in connection
with Mr. Barnhardt, and from these he receives
a good income, and he is the owner of other
tine property and valuable stocks.

Mr. Thompson has been very successtul, al-
though he was obliged to begin at the bottom
of the ladder, owning nothing but his ax, maul
and wedge. The marriage of our subject took
place February 22, 1875, to Miss Leona Welch,
who was born in Lane county, Oregon, and she
was reared in Umatilla county, a daughter of

a i

508

HISTOHY OF OREGON.

i; :■

•;

Elijah and and Susan Welch, nee Whitinore,
natives of Illinois, who came to Oregon in 1852.
Mr. and Mrs. Thompson had iive children, but
two of them have died; the names of them
being: Mary, born December 19, 1875, and died
June 19, 1880; and Ida, born I'.^tnb<^r 23,
1877; Ilattie, born November i ' "9;
Claudic, born October 30, 1881, and 'e-

cember 5, 1880; and Edna, born January ., '4.
Mr. Thompson is a member of the Masonic
lodge, botli Blue and Chapter, and is Treasurer
of the Chapter, and is also a member of the
I. O. O. F., and is treasurer of that lodge also.
Politically he is a liberal Democrat, and always
in his voting chooses the men instead of the party.

|LFRED LUELLING, an honored Oregon
pioneer of 1847, and one of the earliest
nurserymen of the Territory, was born
near Greensborough, Henry county, Indiana,
November 30, 1831. In the fall of 1837 he
moved with his parents to Henry county, Iowa,
where he resided until he was fifteen yearsof age.
His father, Henderson Luelling, was a native
of North Carolina, where his father, Meshach
Luelling, was also born, their ancestors being
originally from Wales. Henderson Luelling
married Miss Elizabeth Pressnall, also a native
of North Carolina, and they had ten children,
iive of whom are now living; one in New York;
a brother and two sisters in California; and the
subject of this sketch. In 1847 the father,
motiier and eight children crossed the plains to
Oregon. They had a pleasant journey, and ar-
rived safely at their destination, locating on a
donation claim half a mile below Milwaukee.
Tlie father was a nurserytnan of intelligence
and experiene, and hit upon a novel plan of
transporting a stock of young plants across this
long distance. An agreement was first made
with John Fislier, and William Meek was also in-
'brmtd of the plan, of which Mr. Luelling was
the originator. In pursuance of his idea two
boxes were made one foot deep and just large
enought to fit into a wagon box. These were
filled with compost and planted thickly with
young trees, a rack being placed around the
boxes to protect the green shoots from cattle.
Four yoke of oxen drew the wagon, and the
siirubs were carefully watered. On arriving
at the Dalles the trees were taken ont of the

boxes carefully bundled and wrapped, and with
the wagons, yokes, chains and household goods
loaded on to flat-boats, built by the emigrants
for that purpose, and taken down the Colum-
bia river to a point on the south bank nearly
opposite Fort Vancouver. ^ Here the company
remained in camp al)out four weeks and then
moved to a cabin standing on the high bank
on the east side of the Willamette river not
far from the intersection of East Oak and
Third streets, Portland. From there the father
examined the country around and finally de-
cided to locate on a land claim purchased of
Mr. Wilson, one-half mile below Milwaukee
on the east bank of the Willamette river.
The family moved on to this land as soon as
possible, prepared ground and planted the
trees, which grew luxuriantly. Owing to the
company having been detained a little in get-
ting off, Mr. Meek, who started on time arrived
in Oregon a short time before the rest, and, as
he said, "for fear that something might occur to
defeat the enterprise" undertaken by Mr. Luell-
ing and Mr. Fisher, he at the last moment
planted a few small grafts in a box, such as is
often carried on the hind end of the wagon bed
for a feed box. This he attached firmly to
the wagon and in this manner succeeded in
saving about twenty trees, which he planted
on a claim in the forks of the Santiam,
known as the Grimes place, where they re-
mained during the summer of 1848. These
were the first cultivated fruit trees that reached
the I'acific coast. There were some seedling
apple trees at the Catholic Mission, on the
l<reiich prairie, at Fort Vancouver, and possibly
at other points in Oregon. And also at some
of the missions in California, they had both ap-
ple and pear trees (seedlingsV which bore fruit
of fair quality. It was in tlie summer of 1848
that a partnership was entered into by Hender-
son Luelling and Wm. Meek, with a view to
carrying on a general business, including nur-
sery and milling. On the discovery of gold in
California, and becoming known in Oregon, it
was arranged by the firm that Meek should take
a wagon and four yoke of cattle and go to the
mines and Mr. Luelling was to accompany him.
Arrangements were hurriedly made, and on the
9th day of September they started and arrived
at Laeson's ranch, in the Sacramento valley, Oc-
tol)er 28, 1848. They worked in the mines at
various points from beather river to the Tuo-
lumne until the following May, when they sold

HISTOUr OF OREGON.

568

out their team and other effects and returned
liome by sailing vessel from San Francisco, ar-
riving early in July, 1849.

Mr. Luelling calculates there were 500 trees
brought through alive, and some of the original
Btock can still be seen growing at Milwaukee.
His father received in San Francisco at one
time, $5 for a single pear. In 1854 lie removed
to California, where he made his home, prin-
cipally, until the time of his death, December
28, 1879. He was also a pioneer in the saw
and flour mill business, at Milwaukee, ships
conveying the lumber from that city to San
Francisco. He was a man of superior ability,
thoroughly honorable in all his dealings, and of
a kindly disposition, and was highly esteemed
by all who knew him.

The subject of this sketch was reared in In-
diana and Iowa, until he was tifteen years of
age, receiving his education principally in the
schools of Iowa, and learned the nursery busi-
ness. At the age mentioned, he accompanied
his parents to Oregon, where he assisted his
father in his business generally, and by travel-
ing over the valley and selling trees.

He was married in 1851, to Miss Mary
E. Campbell, an estimable lady, and a native
of Massachusetts. She was a daughter of Mr.
Hector Campbell, who came overland to Oregon
in 1849, and took a donation claim at Milwau-
kee. Mr. Campbell died in 1873, his faithful
wife having died one year before. They were
the parents of eleven children, six of whom
made thai long journey from Massachusetts to
Oregon. Fvechildrer are now living, three of
whom reside in East Portland, one in Idaho, and
Mrs. Luelling.

Mr. and Mrs. Luelling have nine children,
seven of whom are living: A. W., the oldest
son, resides in East Portland; Annie N. married
Mr. VV. fl. McEldowney and died in her twenty-
fourth year, leaving two children; Ellen is the
wife of Dr. J. W. (rivens, superintendent of the
insane asylum at Blackfoot, Idaho; Charles re-
sides near Cauby, Oregon; John is in Califor-
nia; Jane 11., Olive and Seth I*, reside with
their parents on a portion of the original dona-
tion claim of Mrs. liuelling's father. When her
father located on this land it was a dense forest
of extremely high tree?, and the work of clear-
ing it, which her father accomplished, was
something stupendous. Although Milwaukee
did not becouje the city it was hoped it would,
yet by its many good farms it presents a very

different appearance from that which greeted
the pioneer, who built his home in the dense
woods, where, when an acre of timber was felled,
it covered the ground in an immense pile.

Mr. Luelling resided in Washington county
from 1862 until 1878, and while there he was
twice elected to the position of Clerk of the
County, and was also elected County Commis-
sioner, in both of which capacities he discharged
his duties with ability and integrity.

lie has been a member of the Masonic fra-
ternity for twenty-five years. He is a Quaker,
and still adheres to some of the ideas and be-
liefs of that society.

Mr. Luelling's biography would be an excel-
lent lesson for all self-supporting young men to
study, as exemplifying the force of persistent
industry, intelligently applied, coupled with
upright dealing and courteous manners; which
(juaiities have secured for him, not only finan-
cial success, but also the favorable regard of his
fellow- men.

'HOMAS A. WARD, one of the leading
citizens of the Dalles was born in Grant
county, Wisconsin, October 17, 1845, and
is the third child of J. H. and Elizabeth (Bain-
bridge) Ward, native of Kentucky, while the
father was a native of New York. Soon after
the birth of our subject Mr. Ward removed to
Missouri and remained there until 1850, when
he crossed the plains to California. He did not
take his family with him as he wished to rind a
place for them, and the year of 1857 the family
followed, going by way of Isthmus. In ISfiO
they moved to Nevada where they remained
two years and then came to Oregon and set-
tled in Crow's Hollow, sixty miles from the
Dalles, where he died in 1888, at the age of
sixty-two years. The mother of our subject
still survives and lives with her son Thomas.
Five children were born to ]\Ir. and Mrs. Ward,
three of these are still living.

Thomas A., the subject of this sketch, re-
ceived as good an education as couhl be ex-
pected as the removals of the family were so
frequent. At the age of eighteen he began
to drive stage all over eastern Oregon and
Idaho and foliowed that nnui 187(5, when he
was married to Mary L. Kerns. At that time
he took up a claim and commenced to farm, liv-

I li

570

UIsrOBY OF OREGON.

incT on liis o'.vn ranch tor nine years. At the
end of that time lie sold his land and removed
to tlie Dalles, j^oiug into the livery business and
continuing in that until August, 1892. when he
sold ont and turned his whole attention to his
otHce having been elected to the office of
County Sheriff at that time by the Democratic
party. Although he lives in a Republican
county he received a handsome majority as he
is very popular.

The marriage oC Mr. Ward took place in
1867, to Miss Mary L. Iverns, a native of Ore-
gon, and a daughter of William and Mary Kerns,
who were early settlers from the East in Port-
land. The nameh of three children of our sub-
ject and wife are; Elmer T., Ilex Allen, and
Lullu Lois.

^ON. JAMES A. FEE, one of the judges of
the Sixth Judicial District of Oregon was
born in the State of Wisconsin, April 29,
1857. He is the third in a family of seven
children, born to O. W. and Margnretta Fee.
The father, who at that time was engaged in
the oc(;iipation of a farmer, removed with his
fatnily to Iowa, in 1865, where he resided until
1873, when he removed to San Jose, California.

Our subject received his education in Iowa
and California. Having attended the high
school at Waterloo, in his fifteenth year he was
sent to the Upper Iowa University, at Fayette,
which was then under the dominion of the
Methodists and was one of the leading educa-
tional institutions of the State. Soon after the
removal of his family to California he followed
and was entered as a student at the San Jose
Institute. After leaving here he pursued his
studies for two years under a private instructor
and then took a course in the Garden City Busi-
ness College of California. In 1880 he came
to Washington and chose the profession of law
as his life-work. Mr. Fee pursued his legal
studies under Hon. T. J. Anders, of Walla
"Walla, Washington, VAnel Justice of the. Su-
pren)e Court of that State, and was admitted to
the bar in 1883. He then located at Fendleton,
Oregon, established an ofHce and commenced
the practice of his profession. He met witli
reasonable success as a practitioner.

Upon locating at Pendleton he joined the
volunteer fire department, and has ever since

been an active member of that body, having
served one term as its chief and being chosen
by a uruminious vote. He also served in the
militia of Oregon and was selected one of the
Lieuteuants of Company B, Third liegiment.
While in attendat\ce upon a convention of the
officers of the State Militia that met in the
spring of 1888, at Portland, and serving also as
a delegate to the Republican State Convention
that met at the same time and place he re-
ceived the nomination of his party as Circuit
Judge and was elected in June of that year, for
a term of six years, with the handsome majority
of over 3U0 in a district where the Democrats
had a majority of about 2,500.

For a time prior to his election as Judge, Mr.
Fee was associated with Hon. J. B. Eddy in the
publication of the Pendleton Tribune, having
charge of its editorial columns. His style was
characteriEed by boldness and vigor of expres-
sion. In June, 1887, Judge Fee was married to
Miss Rosa Maney, of Walla Walla, Washington,
who was a native of that State, having been
born at Vancouver. One child has been born
to them, James Alger Fee, born September, 1888.

Mr. Fee is essentially a self-made man, having
earned the means to secure his education and to
assist in the maintenance of a large family.

;ORDEN HATHAWAY, one of the
leading farmers of Union county, was
born in Ogle county, Illinois, in 1844.
His father, Robert M. Hathaway, married Ruby
W. Lucas and botJi of them were natives of
Massachusetts, where they were married. In
1848 they removed to Illinois. The occupation
of Mr. Hathaway, Sr., was that of blacksmith on
board of a whaling vessel, his longest voyage being
four years long and his shortest, three years.

Mr. and Mrs. Hathaway had eight children
born to them, only four of whom are now living,
of' whom our subject is the second born.

Our subject, like many other brave hoys of
that time, enliated September 4, 1862, in the
Ninety-second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and
served until June 10, 1865, participating in
forty-two Ijattles and skirmishes while in the
service. He was in the battles of Chickamauga,
Atlanta, Peach Tree Creek and Aikens, South
Carolina, whore he had eleven balls pass thronirh
his overcoat, although not a single one touched

nrsronr of oregon.

871

him. He also was in many other smaller bat-
tles, but was never captured or wounded during
his entire service.

After the war Mr. Hathaway returned to his
old home and worked his father's farm until
1867, when he crossed the plains to Oregun, in
a wagon. His first settlement was in Grande
lionde valley, near Union. When he reached
here he had just t>15 in his pocket, so he en-
engaged in work for others until 1874, do-
ing farm labor.

In 1874 Mr. Hathaway and Miss Eliza Wil-
kerson svere made one. This lady was born in
Illinois, in 1852, and came to Oregon with her
parents when about twelve years of age. Her
parents are now residing in High Valley, and
are t)oth eighty-four years of age. After the
marriage of Mr. Hathaway he removed to High
Valley and took up a claim of land, and now
owns 320 acres of fine land, on w!uch he has
erected a good residence. The land is all well
improved and he handles horses, cattle and
hogs. A portion of his land is planted to fruit.
Mr. and Mrs. Hathaway have liad eight chil-
dren, of whom three are now dead, those living
are: Robert M., Andrew E., Ruby Matilda,
Mary Ellen and liessie May. Mr. Hathaway is
a member of the G. A. R.' Freston Post, No.
18, of Union. He is also a member of the
Masonic fraternity, and he and his faithful wife
are members of the best society offered by the
farmer regions of Union county. They are
greatly respected by all who know them.

111. EMMA J. WELTY, of Portland, Ore-
gon, a well-known and popular physician
and estimable lady who has gained a
large and lucrative practice in the city by her
energy, painstaking and thorough knowledge of
her work, was born in Gettysburg, Pennsyl-
vania. Her ancestors came from Prussia to
America in 1775, settling in the latter city,
where John Welty, her father, was born and
reared and afterward married to Sebelo Hohn,
of Maryland.

Emma, their only child, was reared in her
native city and attended the Gettysburg Normal
School, with a view to preparing herself for the
profession of teaching. Gifted with an ambi-
tious spirit, however, she turned to the study of
medicine, as affording niore scope for its grati-

fication, and .began to read in this line of study
under the preceptorsliip of Dr. J. H. Marsden,
of Pennsylvania. This she continued for two
years under Dr. Winsiow, in Washington. Dis-
trict of Columbia, and the Doctors Gleason, at
the water-cure sanitarium, in Elmira, New
York. She then took a three years" course in
the medical department of the Boston Univer-
sity, graduating in 1880 with gratifying honors.
She then began to jjractice in Boston, at the
same time pursuing her studies in the clinical
department of the university, and was thus oc-
cupied until 1886. Such persistent and con-
tinuous application had made, by this time, se- •
rious inroads on her health, and, in casting about
for a salutary location, she selected her present
place of residence.

She is pleasantly situated in a comfortable
and cultivated home, with office at No. 321
Montgomery street, Portland, and during her
six years' residence has built up a lucrative
practice and gained the friendship of many
worthy people. She is blessed in the society
of her mother, who resides with her, now at the
age of fifty-six years. The Doctor had the mis-
fortune to lose her father when she was a child.
Dr. Welty is an active member of the Ptate
and county societies of her school of medicine,
and is at present the efficient Secretary of the
Multnomah County Homeopathic Society. She
advocates the principles of the Republican party
as those best calculated to benefit the country.
While she does not belong to any religious de-
nomination, she is essentially a Christian wo-
man. Her mother is a worthy member of the
Methodist Church.

Thus briefly are stated the most prominent
events of an eminently busy and useful career,
whose mission has been to carry healing and
comfort to her fellow-beings.

I" ,§?*■ "•••'— ^-^i^- ■"'V-:— ^+' ^^^ §

J. WALKER, of Gaston, ')regon, is a
veteran of the Mexican wi and an Ore-
* gon pioneer of 1851. He was born in
Bond county, Illinois, February 14, 1830. His
father, Thomas Walker, was a native of North
Carolina, born in 1778, and married in 1819,
to Miss Cynthia Enloe, a native of North Car-
olina, born in 1780. (Trandfather Walker and
family, including our subject's father, moved to
Illinois in 1822, and were pioneers of that

673

HISTORY OF OREGON.

I-

llli Ijlf !l

l:!;

State. Mr. Walker's j)(ireiits had jii'ie chililreii,
of whom four are now living. The mother died
in 1837 and the father removed to Wisconsin,
where his death occurred in 1844, in the si.\tj-
second year of his existence. In religion he
was a Universalist, while his wife was a Pres-
byterian, and they were both upright, honorable
people.

()ur subject was reared in Illinois, in Bond
and Madison counties, and in his seventeenth
year, in 1847, he enlisted in the Mexican war.
At the close of this conflict he returned home,
and in 1849 went to Wisconsin, attended school
six months and worked for wages until April,
1851, when he started for Oregon, making a
safe journey, untroubled by Indians, as the
company was a hi ■"•, one, composed of twenty-
eigiit wagons. Mr. Walker drove an ox team
for Mr. David JS'ewson, for his board, and thus
oa;iie on foot all the way. When they arrived
at the Columbia, he, with others, went down
the trail to Portland, where they arrived Octo-
ber 11. His first work in Oregon wis to assist
to build a log wharf for Captain Couch, the
tirst one erected in that city. For this work he
was paid $3 per day. His next engagement
was to load the Louisiana Portland witli spars
for Ciiina. Mr. Walker remained in Portland
until the last of February, 1852, when he went
to the mines in Jackson county, where he was
fairly successful, and remained until 1854, when
he removed to Douglas county and bought land
in the Umpqua valley, consisting of 160 acres
of tine land, on which he remained about three
years. lie then sold it and engaged in the
stock business, after which he went to the Flor-
ence mines, Idaho, remaining there ten months,
during which time he met with fair success.
He then returned to Douglas county, and en-
gaged in raiding sheep successfully for four
years, after which he went to eastern Oregon
and engaged in raising cattle and horses. Here
he remained three years, then removed to Wash
ington county, purchased 160 acres of land, one
and one-fourth miles east of Gaston.

Our subject was married in 1884, to Mrs.
Eunice lirock, a native of Ohio, who had three
children by her tirst husband, Geoige Brock,
namely; James; Florence D., now Mrs. II. D.
Bryant, resides in Forest Grove; and W. E., a
druggist in Ilillsboro. Mr. and Mrs. Walker
are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
in which he has been both Class Leader and
Steward. He helped organize the Farmers' Al-

liance and is one of its charter members. Our
subject has always been an ardent Republican,
and while in Douglas county, helped organize
the Republican party there, and has since taken
an active interest in all the offices of the county,
but has not sought or held any of them.

Mrs. Walker is the proprietor of the Gaston
Hotel, and slie and her husband have operated
it for many years. Her parents came to Ore-
gon in 1846, and are well-known and popular
citizens of Washington county. Our subject
and his good wife are model hosts and their
hotel is justly popular throughout the county.

-=4*

**-

tENRY MILLER is an Oregon pioneer of
1853, and also the pioneer florist of the
State. He was born in Hanover, Ger-
many, in December, 1814, pnewing his boyhood
with his parents ami securing an academic edu-
cation; in 1833 he emigrated to the United
States to join his brothers, William and Fran-
cis, then living in Mercer county, Ohio. With
them our subject lived and farmed until 1837,
when he was married to Miss Mary Shulte, a
native of Germany. He then farmed in Elk-
hart county until 1839, when he removed to
Allen county, Itidiana, locating near Fort
Wayne, and there continued general farming
until his emigration to the Pacific coast. lie
was very prominent in Allen county and filled
many public offices.

In the spring of 1853, with his wife and fam-
ily of seven children, comfortably arranged in
two wagons, with motive power of seven yoke
of oxen, he started upon his long journey to
Oregon. The journey consumed six months,
but having good guides they never lacked for
water or fuel, nor had any trouble with the In-
dians. They crossed the Cascade mountains
and landed at Foster's, all in good spirits and
health. Proceeding to Milwaukee, Mr. Miller
settled upon 320 acres of land near the town and
began working for Messrs. Llewellyn and Meek,
the pioneer orchardists and nurserymen of the
valley, and owners of two sections of land.
Subseijuently Messrs. Miller and J. II. Lam-
bert purchased the Meek interest and Llewellyn
sold Ills interest to Henry Eddy, and the firm of
Miller & Lambert continued the business of
orchardist. The orchard numbered 100 acres,
which was increased to 150 acres. AppV were

irisToiir OF oiiKOON.

678

1)1

shippod to San KrnnciBCO and coniinandcd high
prices, tlie returns one year amounting to ^10,-
UOO, and using 100,000 feet of lumber for boxes
in one year. In 185(5 a single box netted !i(t)2.
They did a large and profital)le business. In 1855
Mr. Miller started the business of florist, itn-
orting flowers and seeds from Iioston, which
jusiness he continued with great suiicess until
1870, when the raneh was divided, he selling
his interest and removing his plants and shrub-
bery to Portland and locating on Jefferson
street, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth
streets, where he purchased two blocks of land,
and has continued the business, building the
necessary greenhouses and giving the business
his entire attention, importing many rare plants
from France and bulbs from Holland. He also
imported the Italian Prune, which is now such
a profitable industry, millions of which trees
have been, and are now being set out. With
increasing years, Mr. Miller has gradually with-
drawn from the business, which is being con-
ducted by his son. Frank W., in connection
with his seed store.

Mr. and Mrs. Miller have eigiit children,
namely: (Mementine, now Mrs. J. II. Lambert,
wife of a banker of East Portland; Amelia,
widow of C. M. Rhor; Arthur; Laura, widow of
John Roberts; Henrietta, wife of J. I?. Stone,
banker of Walla Walla; Sarah, now Mrs. S. T.
Davis; Augusta, at home; and Frank W. These
children, thirty-six grandchildren and six great-
grandchildren round up the lives of the grand-
parents with great joy and gratitude. The
golden wedding was celebrated in 1887, to which
the children and twenty-six of the grandchildren
assembled and the occasion was one of great
happiness. The old parents are still in the
enjoyment of health and usefulness, surrounded
by every comfort, brightened by the prattle of
the little ones and passing a sweet and peaceful
old age.

— =S^'

*•«=-

fLOEWENBERG.— No more important
part is played by any feature of the com-
* mercial world than by the financial ele-
ment which governs and controls the banking
interests of every city. To those positions of
trust and honor are raised gentlemen of success-
ful business experience, who combine elements
of integrity, sagacity and conservatism, which
80

properly blended make up the financier. Among
the class elevated to this [jo.iition we find the
subject of tills sketch, jiresidont of the Mer-
chants' liank of Portland, which dates its
organization, .lune l-i, 1880, yet is already
recognized as one of the most solid financial
institutions of the Northwest.

^Ir. Loewenberg was born in Prussia, Ger-
many, 1833, where for genenitions his ancestry
had been present and renowned among the repre-
sentative men of the county. He improved his
educational facilities, and was rearecl to the
habits of industry and enterprise. At the age
of eighteeon years he emigrated at the United
States, seeking the broader Held of America,
within whose borders ho sought to gain natne,
fortune and fame. Landing in New York he pro-
ceeded to Schenectady, where for three years he
was employed in a country store, learning the
language of the country and the American sys-
tem of doing business. As the Pacific coast
was offering vast opportunities to the active
business he decided to cast his lot with that
more jirogressive peojile, ami in 1854 he re-
turned to New York, thence via steamer and
the Nicaragua route and arrived in San Fran-
cisco of that year. Procuring a clerkship in
that city he continued his business education
until 1857. when he came to Portland and
formed a copartnership with Mr. Saidnerin the
general merchandise business, and in 185'J they
opened a branch store at the Cascades, l)ut after
one year, on account of insufficient business
their goods were packed, and they removed to
the mining camp at Orefena, Idaho, Mr. Loew-
enberg continuing in charge. In 1864 the
firm of Saidner & Loewenberg was dissolved,
the latter keeping the Orefena stock. In 1868
Mr. Loewenberg brought from Germany his
two brothers, Herman and Abraham, and the
firm of Loewenberg i5ros. was organized, of
which business Herman finally became the
proprietor. The business was successfully con-
tinued at Lewiston, until 1883, when they re-
moved the stock to Spokane Falls, where they
are at present located, subject still locating his
interest in the business. In 1871 Mr. Loewen-
berg returned to Portland, and with Philip
Goldsmith, the copartnership of Goldsmith &
Loewenberg was organized to engage in the
general hardware business, which was continued
with marked success. As a nmtter of invest-
ment, in 1883, Mr. Loewenberg Ijecamc one of
tlie organizers of and incorporators of the Wil-

574

HltiTOHY OF OliKUON.

ct"

liiiiK^ttu SnvinjrH i'nnk, and was I'lected to the
lioiinl 1)1' iMaiiauers. In 188") lio witlidn^w from
tlie tirm of (ioldxmitli it LoewfiiU'i'i; ho as to
i'iial)le liiin to give more attention to inveat-
meiits and lianliinfj; business. Under its al)le
management tlio history of tlie Willamette Sav-
in;js Hank was one of rapid growth and develop-
inent and on accronnt of the large amount of
comtnereial Inisiness transacted it was deemed
til reorganize as a national, which was perfected
and incorporated July '2(), 188(), as the Mer-
ciumts' National Hank, witii a paid-up capital of
.^l()0,00(). Mr. Loeweiiherg, being relected
vice-president in 1888. lie thfU invested in
the Northwest Fire and Marine Insurance Goin-
pany, and was elected president, which olHce he
still (occupies. The business of the l)ank l)e-
coming so great and demands so numerous, in
Octolier, 181)0, the capital was raised from §100-
000 to $1,000,000, and at the next election in
Janmiry, 1891, Mr. Loewenberg became its
honored president, being justly considered to
be a man tilted for the idgh position. In the
organization of the city water works, in 1801,
Mr. Li>ewenberg was chosen one of the com-
mittee of fifteen to iiave the management of the
entire interest.

Mr. Loewenberg was married in Portland, in
1871, to Miss Bertha Kuhn, a native of IJavaria,
and they have had four children: Ida, Zerleana,
Itiise and Sidney B. The family reside upon
Cedar Hill, where Jlr. I.oewenberg has just
couipleted a substantial and spacious stone res-
idence.

In every public enterprise Mr. Loewenberg
is found on the side of development and prog-
ress, respected by all who know him, and with
his clear foresight and keen judgment he is
regarded by Portland's business community as
one of her shrewd and successful financiers.

fEOKGE C. SEA US, Assessor of Multnomah
connty, Oregon, is our subject. lie was
born in Ilichford, Franklin county, Ver-
mont, in 1841. His ancestry settled in New-
England ])rior to the Revolutionary war, and
his mother was of the Carlton family, they be-
ing early distinguished settlers, in military and
business affairs. Our subject's father, lion. Al-
din Sears, was a man of great prominence in
northern Vermont, engaging quite extensively

in manufacturing and serving the State in the
Legislature and (Custom House Department.
By nature he wa.s a mechanic, and during the
gold excitement of California lie came to the
State, arriving in 1850. He then located at
Columbia, Tuolumne county, and as a con-
tractor, he engaged in building Humes and
quartz n)ill8. In the tall of 1850 he sent for
his eldest daughter, Lucy V., who came o<it
alone by steamer and the Isthmus, and was the
lirst wliite woman to settle in Columbia, and
she is now the wife of Di'. Fickett, of St(ckton,
California. Mr. Sears sent for his second
daughter in 1851, and started the first school
at Columbia. She subsequently Iwci'me the
wife of liev J. H. i'rodt, a prominent Presby-
terian divine of New York city. In 1852 Mr.
Sears sent for the remainder of his family, his
wife and three sons. The latter are: Charles
W., now a manufacturer of Albany; Homer A.,
residing in Seattle; and George C, the subject
of this sketch. The early life of the latter was
passed i)i Columbia and by hard work and close
economy he saved his money and thus procured
an education at Oakland College.

Imbued with the true spirit of patriotism he
left college in 1862, to enlist in Company I,
Fourth Regiment California Volunteers, atid
upon the organization of the company was ap-

fointed Second Lieutenant hy Governor F. F.
.ow, under Colonel Hooker. Soon after en-
listment our subject was transferred to the
Eighth Regiment, with the expectation of being
forwarded to the front, but their services being
needed in California, regimental headquarters
were established at Fort Point and the com-
panies were distributed about the State where
needed. Lieutenant Sears remained at head-
quarters as Acting Regimental Quartermaster,
and was in the Quartermaster's Department un-
til the close of the war, in 1865, when he was
mustered out of service.

He was married at Oakland in 1865, to Miss
Jennie Aldrich, a native of Providence, Rhode
Island. After marriage he settled at Walnut
Creek, Contra Costa county, and here he en-
gaged in mercantile business, under the firm
name of Penniman & Sears, which was contin-
ued about four years, when our subject sold his
interest and went to Santa Cruz. He purchased
timber claims on Syante creek, erected a saw-
mill and followed the lumber business until
1871, when he came to Portland, and in part-
nership with C. M. Martin engaged in the gro-

HISTORY OF OliEGUN.

eery and ooininissioii biisiiioHs. Tlioy sliipped
priiduce from Ciiliforiiiii ami dinnlDpwl an t;.-
teimive trade, l)einf? tlio ruprcMentative house oi'
tlieir class in the city. Snlmcqnently sellii'^'
his interest Mr. Sears eiigafred in the li';rit)er
business and later bon^ht an ititerest in a livery
stable on the corner of Second and Wasliington
streets, continuing nnder the Hrtn name of
Soars & Wilmer. The stable was large and well
supported, averaging abontlOO horses in livery
and as boarders.

In 1878 Mr. Sears received tlie nomination
of County Assessor upon the Republican ticket
and was elected in the June following. He
then sold his livery business to engage in the
duties pertaining to liis office, which he satis-
factorily performed and was re-electeil in 1880.
At the e.xpiration of his second term as As-
sesHor, in 1882, he was elected to the otlice of
Sheriff, but declined a renomination in 1884,
owing to illness in his family. He then took
an extensive trip East with his wife and daughter,
but upon returning Mrs. Sears suddenly became
worse and passed away October 23, 1885.

In 1884 Mr. Sears began the purchase of
property in eastern Oregon. for ranch purposes,
to which ho has added from time to time and
now owns upward of 4,000 acres, controlling a
large range of Government land, which ho has
stocked with horses and cattle, the former from
imported Clydesdale and Ilainbletonian stock,
and the latter from Durliain and Poland Angus.
Attending to his ranch interests Mr. Sears kept
out of politics until tiie spring of 1890, when
he was elected County Assessor for the third
time. At the expiration of his term of office
in June, 1892, he ran as an independent candi-
date, and was re-elected, and is now serving as
Assessor of this county, to the entire satisfac-
tion of the people.

Mr. Sears has four children: Charles B., now
in charge of the ranch; Ilattie C, wife of M.
Ct. Du Buisson, of Tacoma; Georgia M., and
Jeimie M. Miss Georgia has been adopted and
enrolled by the Department Encampment, G.
A. R., of the State of Oregon for efficient as-
sistance rendered at the musical entertainments.
Mr. Sears is Past Commander of George Wright
Post, G. A. R., and a member of the Loyal
Legion of Ajnerica, also of Progress Lodge and
Harmony Encampment, I. O. (). F. ; Harmony
Lodge, A. F. »& A. M.; Past Chancellor of Mys-
tic Lodge, K. of P.; Qnity Lodge, A. O. U. W.;
Webfoot Camp, Woodmen of the World; B. P.

( '. of Elks; and is [tivsident of thtt I'ortland
Volunteer Exempt Kiremeii. In publico ollico
Mr. Sears has always proved himB<!if the right
man for tiie position, never swerving from tiio
path of iluty, but with his characteristic energy
and ability and his prompt execution of the la\v,
he has deserved the approl)ation of all good
citizens.

■s-

i^gMitie*^-*-

fOSEPlI T. HINKLE, the subject of this
sketcb, was born in Cutnberland county,
Kentucky, November 2, 18(57, and is the
second son of George and Cyntha (Phelps)
Hinklo, whose connections with two representa-
tives and romantic marriage during the civil
war are among the never-to-be forgotten legi-nds
of the county. When our subject was only
three years old bis ])arents left their beautiful
home in Cumberland county and engaged in
the mercantile business at (ilasgow, Barren
county. This county hail not yet recovered
from the ravages of the invading armies that
had recently passed over it, but Mr. Hinkle, Sr.,
prospered until the financial crisis of 1873,
when he received losses from which he could
not recover. Selling out in 1880, Mr. Hinkle,
with his family removed to Henry county,
Mi86f)uri, and there engaged in farming for three
years, when he again made a removal, this time
selecting Umatilla county as his home, where
his own indomitable energy and that of his wife
and live ' . ,i have assured prosperity and
strengthe.: • ' ,i bonds of a happy and envied
family.

Upon the arrival of the family in Oregon,
our subject, who was then only fifteen years of
age, spent eight months in the Willamette Uni-
versity, after which he returned home. Like
many other boys of that age lie did not appreci-
ate the importance and usefulness of a proper
amount of schooling, and as his parents in-
dulged him in his aversion to study of all kinds,
this eight months was the extent of his school-
ing, with exception of some fourteen months
spent in common schools. In spite of his
limited education, immediately upon his return
Mr. Hinkle secured a position in one of the
public schools of this county, and gave such
satisfaction that he was retained until May, 1891,
when he accepted an editorial position on the
Oregon Alliance Herald, at Pendleton. Shortly

I'TT'

57(1

iiisToitY OF oitKaoy.

after. Iiuviiig provuii liiriHflf a fearlcsa reform
writer, lie was apnointi il editor-in-chief and liaa
HJnee eoiiducteil tliat paper, winning for it and
for liiinsclf apor-iti',11 of exalted triiot iintl honor,
retleetinj; <^reat credit upon the eanse he han (*s.
poiised. and *•> which he is so pecnliarly lilted.
In additi'jn to his literary attainnientH, Mr.
Iliiikle is I. i;o(id farmer and owns iJ2() aeres of
fertile liind in I'mafilla ecnwity. lie also has
the fireat ^^ii't of oratory that is sure to earry him
to the front innks in the political world.

[II.SON .\r. TI(iAllI), an honorable Ore-
gon pioneer, now deceased, came to the
Territory in 1852. He was a native of
the State of Arkan6as<, born near Fort Smith.
Se|)toniber 7. 18'.](). His jri'andparentseniifrrated
from the north of Ireland and ^^eni among the
Kevolntionary iiatriots. Although they came
to America on tlie same 8hi|)they were not then
acfjuainted, but after their settlement in (ieorgia
they met and were married. There the father
of our subject. Hugh Tigard, was born, reared
and married, the lady of his choice being a Miss
Frances McLendend, a native of Georgia. As
early as 1820 they removed to Arkansas and
the father partieipated in the battle of New
Orleans under General Jackson. Four children
were born to Mr. and Mrs. Tigard, two of whom
are now living, namely: A. .1. Tigard in the
State of Wisconsin, and Mrs. Emily Doble-
bowcr in Columbia county, Oregon.

Our subject was the eldest child and was
reared in his native St;'te, where he received
but limit"'! opportunities I'oi- an education,
hence was obliged to educate himself by home
study and reading. Alarch 17, 1850, he was
married in "Washington county. Arkansas, to
Miss Mary A. Yoes, a native of Washington
county, Arkansas, born ,Iuly 29. 1830, a
daughter of Conrad Voos, of German ances-
try. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Tigard
resided in Arkansas for two year8,where their
son John was born. April 12, 1852, they
started with five yoke of oxen, a cow and
a wagon, on the long journey across the plains.
His wife, mother, a brother, two sisters with
tlieir husbands accompanied him and each of
the married couple had a child. There were
about 130 persons in the company and as this
was the jear of the cholera epidemic many per-

ished, some times there being only one or two
left. The fatal disease was very rapid in its
deadly work, within twelve hours after being
taken sick the victim would have passed beyond
any earthly aid. It was a distressing time.
The living ones were obliged to bury their loved
ones by the roadside and leave their graves ex-
po.sed to the weather and wild Ijcasts. Tho
mother of .Mr. Tigard was very sick, but fortu-
nately recovercil toward the end of the journey.
The journey told upon the cattle to siioli an o.\-
tcnt that many of them died and the emigrants
were obliged to throw away many of their house-
hold stores to lighten the loads, atid still later
had to walk. This did not discourage these
bra\ e men and women for they jjressed on and
for five weeks they liveci upon the beef of their
poor woriiout cattle, without salt. They were a
sorry looking company of emigrants when they
arrived at the iJallos on tho 12th of October.
They made the passage down tho C-'oluinbia in a
Hat-boat, stopping at Sandy. From there they
made their way to Milwaukee, where Mr. Tigard
obtained work, driving a logging team, but un-
fortunately broke his ribs and could not work.

After recovering from his injury he made his
way on foot to this portion of the country and
purchased the right to the claim on which he
spent the remainder of his life and on which the
family still reside. The little village that has
sprung up aro)ind his claim is known by his
name, Tigardville. Like many of the other emi-
grants he had no money so paid tor liis 320 acres
of lanil with two Spanish cows, which he ob-
tained from Mr. George Richardson. The man
who owned the claim was a Mr. iMathews and
he had built a small log shanty on the land in
which Mr. Tigard and his family made their
home for the first year. They arrive<l ai their
new home, December 5, 1852, and they had
hardly reached it when it began to snow. The
snow fell to the depth of two feet and they were
snowed in and were obliged to live on roasted
potatoes. In the 8j)ring they cleared a small piece
of land, dug holes iu it and Mrs. Tigard dropped
potatoes in the holes and covered them up, and
this way they raised a nicecropoftliis necessary
article of food. They struggled and toiled and
in due time prospered. At all times their iloor
was open to all needy and afflicted ones and
many were the calls made upon their kindness
and liospitality.

In 1800 Mr. Tigard was injured by a falling
tree. Ilis eldest auu was with bim at the time

mSTOJir OF OIlh'dON.

«t

of tli(! accMotit iiiid (irair^iMl liiiii out rroiti iimlcr
tliu trc(; ami tlicii ran I'or liolp. Wlieii tlu; Hon
niid uHBirttaiKU! rotiirni'il they toiinil that, altlnniirh
the 8011 liail (h'a)L;if<Ml him to a ch'ar jihine the
fire hail reached the t'ath<T and biinuvl his h'gi<.
For throe weeks lie rcinuined uiicoiihcioiis and
then slowly recovered, hut wan never well nf'ter-
wanl. His death occurred on the 13th of Au-
gust, 1882. Ill politics he was a Ue|Mililicaii
and was an iiidimtrious, upright and h()norai)le
man and most worthy citiiieii. Ten children were
born to his wife and liimself in < >reffon, and
foureoiiB and two dniighters are livinjr, Muiiii ly:
Mnry Ann, died when an infant; Adaliiie, wife
of i\[ilton P. Smith: Einaline, whoso clothes
cauf^ht lire when she was live years of ago ami
before assistance could reach liershe was so badly
burned that death resulted; Gertrude iiiarrieil
C. S. Gaiilt, to whom she bore two chililreii and
then died, aged twenty-eight; Fannie Iv. mar-
ried James Marion and resides at Farmington.
Washington county ; (Jharles F. owns a portion
of the donation claim, on which he is raising
hops; in addition he has a general merchandise
store oil the property and is doing a thriving
business, lieiiii; an enterprising and capable
man. Abraham Lincoln died in his thirteenth
year of diphtheria; (!onrad, has a portion of the
donation claim; Hugh H. is a merchant in Ful-
ton and has a part of the claim; John W., the
son born in ArKansas, is married and has a part
of the farm near the old homestead, lie has
two sons, Frank and Jessie. Mrs. Tigard is in
good health and keeps house for Charles. She
is a good representative of the pioneer women
of 1852. The sons follow in their father's foot-
steps and are ardent Republicans, while Charles
F. is rostmaster at Tigardville.

^-^-^

[ILLIAM WAL)IIAMS, well known and
highly esteemed among the citizens of
Portland, is of an old English family,
which had its origin in Devonshire, England,
and derived its name from the place of its resi-
dence, Wadham, wliich signifies " home by the
ford." William de Wadham was a freeholder
in that shire or county in the days of King Ed-
ward I, 1272 to 1307. Both East and West
Wadham remained in the family for about eight
descents in a direct line; live of whom were
knights who became allied by marriage to many

great and noble houses, among them the I'laii-
tageiiets. This ])ropi'l'ty descended to Nicholas
Wiidliam, wlio ill the year ItiO!' founded the
collegia which bears his niiiiie in O.xI'onI, Eng-
land. About tlie year 14U!) Merrilield of Som-
ersetshire came into the possession of Sir John
WadliHin liy marriage, and at that time the
principal seat of the family was remeved to the
county of Somerset. The ancient moated sent
of Mi'rritield is in the parish of lltoii, about five
miles from Ilmiiister, to the north. St. Mary's,
the parish church, was tiie burial place of the
family for many yeiirs, and the north aisle of
the church is called Wadham Aisle, because of
the many monuments there erected to the fam-
ily. Nicholas Wadham and Doratliy, his wife,
co-founders of Wadham College, Oxford, are
there buried.

The genealogical list of the family of Wad-
hams in America is as follows: 1, John, of
Englaiiil, came to America in lOoO; 2, John, of
WeathersHeld, Connecticut, born July 8, ItJijD,
and died 1718; 3, Xoah, of Weatherstield. Con-
necticut, born August 10, lODo; 4, Jonathan,
of Weatherstield, Connecticut, born August 8,
1730; 5, Abraham, of (ioshon, Connecticut,
born 1757; 0, Liimaii, of Goshen, Connecticut,
borii 1782, died April 19, 1832; 7, William
Luman, of Wadham's Mills, New York, born
February 18, 180U. died May 18, 1805; 8, Will-
iam, of Wadham's Mills, New York, born Octo-
ber 10, 1831.

Mr. William Wadhams is the eighth in direct
descent from John Wadhams, who came from
Somersetshire. England, in 1050 and settled in
Weathersiield, Connecticut.

His grandfather. General Luman Wadhams,
was born in Goshen, Connecticut, in 1782.
About the year 1800 he went to Charlotte, Ver-
mont, and there married the widow, Lucy Prin-
dle (born Bostwick). The first of her family to
come to this country was Ebeneztfr liostwic.k,
who came from Cheshire, F^ngland, in the year
1608. About the year 1809 General Luman
Wadhams removed his famity to Esse.x county,
New York, where he established mills on the
Boquet river in the town of AYestport, and the
village about them still bears the name of Wad-
hams Mills. General Luman Wadhams was an
officer in our army during the war cf 1812.

His eldest son, William Luman, married
Emeline Jj. Cole, of Westport, who was also a
descendant of F^benezer l!ostwick. They lived at
Wadhams Mills, William Luman having sue-

578

nrsTouT OF ohkgon.

WS'

ceedod to the hiisineBs after the <leatli of Gen-
eral liiirnun AVnillmms:, uiiil reiireti a larjre fam-
ily (if chililren, the oldest of whom is Mr,
AVilliam Wadlmms, of J'ortland, Oregon.

Mr. Wadhiims continninj; in the milling in-
terest, in both iirain and lumber, established a,
store, lilaekBmith shop and other shops neces-
sary to village interests, he becoming proprietor
and father of the town. Through hi^ many in-
terests be became embarrassed and was obliged
to sell his mills. After the gold e.xcitement in
Calit'ornia he embarked thorefor .laniiarv, 1^50,
to recoil]) his losses, 8nbse(inently retnrning to
Wadhams Mills. paying otf all indebtedness and
passing his closing years in that locality.

William Wadhams was the oldest of thirteen
children, nine of whom still snrvive. He was
educated in the village school and acquired
giKul business habits through his connection
with his father's several interests. It was the
anibiti<in of his early life to secure a classical
education and study the jirofession of medicine,
but through the tinancial reverses of his father
his j)laiis were changed and he engaged in bnsi-
i-ess pursuits to ai(i in lifting th? load of in-
debtedness from his father's shoulders.

His father returned from California in the
winter of 1851, but in April following he again
visited the Golden State, taking with hitn his
son William, who was loath to go, as it meant
the sacrifice of his life plan, still, being the eld-
est son and feeling his obligation to his father,
he decided to go. And liy the Panama route
they landed at San Francisco June 10, 1851.
They procured rooms and provided their own
support, Mr. Wadhams securing a situation as
manager of a gang of men in building interests
at JfilO per day. and William secured a position
in the post office at ^150 per month.

After two months Mr. Wadhams was induced
to engage in teaming, whereby he made from
810 to $20 per day, and ujion October 1 Will-
iam resigned his position and engaged in a like
pursuit. In 1852 his brother Luman came to
the State, and purchasing an additional team the
three would make oftentimes .'pSO per day. In
the spring of 1853 Mr. Wadhams returned to
his family, clearing otf all indei/teduess and
passed his remaining years in peace. William
and his brother continued teaming, operating
several drays and making a considerable an\ount
of money. In 1854 our subject visited the
East and was married at Whiting, Vermont,

June 14, 1854, to Miss Lucinda A. Skinner, the
playmate of his youth.

Returning with his bride to San Francisco,
he continued his teaming interests until March,
1855, when through depression in liusiness he
sold out and returned to the post ofHce at the
former salary and there remained until .\pril 1,
1801. 111! then engaged in the wliolesale frnit
business with J. L. Sanfoid & Co., and after-
ward with Knapp, IJurrell & Cc.

In February, 18t)5, as a representative of K.
(-i. Sheath, wholesale gr^^cer of San Francisco,
Mr. Wadhams came to Portland and established
a branch liouse, conducting a wholesale business
through the Northwest. He continued the
management of this house until 1870, when he
organized the tirm of Leveridge, Wailhams &,
Co., and pnrc^iased the Portland business of Mr.
Sneath, our subject continuing as manager, while
Mr. Leveridge resided in San Francisco and
purchased tlie stock. In 1870 the firm changed
t J Wadhams c^ Elliott, whicii continued until
1889, when Mr. Wadhams purchased the entire
business, and July 1, 1890, it was incorporated
as Wadhams & Co.. he himself continuing as
president and manager. March 1, 1><92, they
pnrcliP'-ed the stock and succeeded to the busi-
ness of the old established house of Corbitt &
Macleay, and now occupy four floors and base-
ment, 50 .\ 160 feet each, at 04 and 66 Front
street, carrying a stock valued at $150,000, em-
ploying twenty-tive hands, and doing a large
grocery l)usiness throughout the Northwest.

Mr. Wadhams is the founder and developer
of many interests and deserves great credit for
his wise and sagacious management. In 1876
he was associated with J. O. Ilanthorn and
AV'esley Jackson in building and establishing
the J. O. Ilanthorn & Co. cannery at Astoria,
ami many other enterprises has he aided
during the early days of their establishment.

In religious matters he is a l^-esbytcian, and
upon his arrival in Oregon he cast his lot with
the First Presbyterian Church. In 1866 he
was elected one of the Elders and Superintendent
of the Sunday-school, both of which oflices he
held until the organization of the Calvary Pves-
bylerian Church in February, 1882, when he
assisted in the organization of the new church
and has been an Elder continuously from that
time, and served as Superintendent of the Sun-
day-school from 1886 to 1891. He has been
actively connected with the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association since its organization in Port-

HISTORY OP OREGON

V,T)

land and served for two years as its Presidvint.
He '.vas elected a member of tlie Board of School
Directors in the spring of 1869, serving one
^ear, and was again elected in 1879 and by re-
election served until 1885. During his seven
years of service the high school was organized,
the building erected, and also the Couch, Fail-
ing and Harrison schoolhouses. He is also
intimately connected with "The Home" under
the u .spices of the Ladies' lielief Societ}', and
has been one of its most persistent workers and
supporters, and tor many years has been, and
still in. one of the directors of the institution.
He affiliates with the order of the Knights
TenipLars, F. & A. M. He has had neither time
nor inclination to engage in politics, but served
one y»ar as Police Commissioner by appoint-
ment of the Mayor.

Thcjugh reasonably successful in business re-
lations Mr. Wadhams considers the part of his
life devoted to the church, Young Men's Chris-
tian Association and school work a= the most
lioiioral)le, and to advance those interests is ever
ready with advice, labor or financial support.

-<S-t<

>**»

|P^ A. SMITH, the present Sheriff of Clatsop
aMl county, Oregon, was born on the Gape of
*^l'* Good Hope, January 22, 1854, a son of
J. A. Smith, a native of Holland. In an early
<lay the latter went to the diamond fields of
Africa, in search of wealth, but returned ^
liotterdam, Holland, after a successful journij
to the Black Continent, Mr. Smith then i.ii-
gaged in business in his native country.

The subject of this sketch was educated in
the public schools of Holland until fifteen years
of age, when he began to learn the blacksmiths'
'trade, at which he worked six years. In the
spring of 1876 he sailed for San Francisco,
thence to Portland, Oregon, and two months
later went on a prospecting tour to Snake river,
where he was employed by bridge contractor, J.
W. Stoneman, who now has charge of the works
on the famous (Johimbia river jetty. In 1881
he became a citizen of Astoria, and first engaged
in fishing on the Columbia river, was one of the
organizers of the Fishermen's Union, in May,
1885, and was elected its first treasurer. Mr.
Smith resigned this position in 1887, and ran
for the office of Chief of Police of Astoria, in
December, 1887, on the Democratic ticket, but

was defeated. In June, 1888, he was elected
(yonstabie by a large niajority; in November,
1888. WHS appointed to fill the unexpired term
of W. (t. Itoss, Sheriff of Clatsop county, re-
signed in June. 1890, was elected to that ottice
by a large majority, and June 6, 1892, was re-
elected by a lar^e m.vjority, while the county
averages a T tiblican majority of about 4(10.
His majori'fy, tl'j 'jvvost, was 298, on the Demo-
cratic ticket. Ho Is now serving his third term.
Our subject lieid the position of De|)uty United
States Marshal for Astoria, while being Sheriff,
under I'residentCleveland, three years. Socially,
he attiliates with the A. O. U. W.,and K. of P.
and Uniform rank of K. of P., of which rank
he is now Captain, and also a inemlicr of B. P.
O. E., in which he has passed all the chai's.
He is yet a young man, with a host of friends,
and a bright future.

'-)^-

tEUHEN FRANKLIN IIOBINSON, prin-
cipal of the Central school, Portland, was
born in Lane connty, Oregon, December
9, 1801. His father, George D. Robinson, was
a native of Tennessee, but was a boy when he
was taken to Missouri in the emigration of the
family to that State. He resided there until
1849, when with the gold fever he came to
California, and mined in the Sacramento valley,
with good success. In 1861 he came to Oregon
and purchased lands in Lane county. In 1805
he moved to Polk county, where he lived until
1880, when he removed to Spangle, Washing-
ton. He married Miss Sarah C. Richardson, a
native of Illinois, and had nine children, of
whom seven are living.

Mr. R. F. Robinson, their third child, instead
of going with the family to Washington, en-
tered the La Creole Acaaemy as a pupil, living
for two years at the home of his brotlier, John
W. He continued in school two year? longer,
paying for his tuition and board by teaching in
the country during vacations and doing janitor
work and hearing classes at the academy in
school nionths. He graduated in 1884, after
which he was given first assistant's positioti at
the academy, which he filled for a year, when he
was promoted to the position of principal.
While acting in that capacity he was elected
Superintendent of Schools in the county of Polk,
on the liepublican ticket. He continued as

580

insrORY OP OREOON.

principal of tiie academy the first yea.' of his
term of ofiice, and after tiiat gave his wliole
time to tlie seiiool work of the county. At tiie
close of his term as Comit}' Superintendent he
was elected principal of the East Portland High
School, whicli position lie has satisfac-torily lilled
for tlie last three years. Since the consolidation
of the two parts of the city, which affected the
consolidation of the two liigh sciiools he has
continuetl in charge of the Central school with
the (jraininar grades only. Under his charge
are 4(>()pu{)ils, in ten de])artments. Since com-
ing to to tiie city he has served on the County
IJoard of Examiners, and has always been an
active and efficient worker at the teachers' in-
stitutes, lie enjoy teachinf;, has met with
marked success, and he has both natural and
aci[uired al)ility of a su|)erior order. He is a
member of the .V.(). U. W.. and a Chapter
JIason.

In rlune, i8so, he married Miss Ellen Ilal-
leck, a native of this State, and they have three
cliildren, all born in Oregon: Carl II., Earl Y.
and Frank L.

Sri) (IE .10 UN CAT LIN. — Prominent
amonij; the <,)reg()n ])ioneers of 1848, and
for thirty years a member of the legal pro
fession, we find Jndj;e John CJatlin, who was
born at Turkey Hill, St. Clair county, Illinois,
February (i. 1832. His father, Seth Catlin,
descended from Puritan stock and was boi'U at
Pittsfieid. MassacluK-etts, in 17!t2. He emi-
grated with liis |iarcnts to Ohio, in 18(>5, and
subse(|Uently to Illinois, where he was married
to Agnus Redpatli, daughter of .lames Kedjjatli,
who emigrated from Scotland and settled in
Illinois about 1818. Seth Catlin represented
St. Clair county in the State Senate for a num-
ber of years. In 1848, with his wife and seven
suns, he crossed the plains to Oregon, leaving
Illiiu)is April 10. 1848. He made the trip
with ox teams, and witluuit any particular inci-
dent he lauded at Foster's, twenty miles from
where Portland now stands, in the Willamette
valley. September 15. 1848. Foster's was at
that time the first settlement west of the Mis-
souri line. Mr. Catlin settle<l upon <i40 acres
of land, three miles south of Portland, but after
one vear sold bis claim to Edward Long and
removed to Cowlitz county, Washington, where

lie took up 640 acres and followed farming until
his death, July, 1865, his wife surviving him
until 1884. Mr. Catlin filled a prominent po-
sition in the public affairs of Washington, lie-
fore the Territory was entered as a State he was
a member of the Territorial Legislature and was
subsequently elected several terms to the Coun-
cil of Washington Territory and became Presi-
dent of the Council. He was Democratic in
politics, but stanch and true, and very active
and influential until the close of his life. Of
the seven children, above mentioned, six
are still living: Seth, Jr., died in Arkan-
sas. Those living are: James, farmer of
lower Mexico; Robert, graduated from West
Point, and entere<l the army in 1864 and
lost a leg, for which he was j)laced upon the
retired list, and liis life has been chiefly passed
in Washington city ever since, then part of the
time as deputy governor of the Soldiers' Home;
Adam and Charles still own the homestead,
which they have increased to about 2,000 acres,
the former is living on the farm, while the lat-
ter is engaged in farming and in banking, and
other interests in Taebma; Frederick is also en-
gaged in farming, and is located near the old
homestead. All are married and have growing
families.

John, the oldest of the fatnily, is the subject
of this sketch. lie began his education at the
common schools and Mclvendree College of Illi-
nois. On the trip to Oregon he walked much
of the way, driving the ox team. In Oregon
and Washington his studies were continued at
intervals, with the work on the farm. When he
was twentyseven years of age, he returned to
Lebanon, Illinois, and commenced the study of
law with ex-*iovernor A. C. French, also taking
special scientific studies at McKendree College.
He graihiated from the law school in Cincin-
nati. Ohio, in 1861, and returned to the office of
Governor French, where he remained until the fall
of 1863, when he returned to Portland and has
since lieen continuously engaged in the practice
of his profession. He does not accept criminal
eases, but carries on a general practice, with
that exception. In 1858 the J udgc was elected
by the Democratic party to the Washington
Territorial l,egislature and he has served one
term as a member of the City (^'ouncil of Port-
land. In 188() he was elected Judge of Midt-
nomah county for a term of four years.

Judge Catlin was married in Yam Hill county,
Oregon, in 1866, to Miss Frances A. llender

tiisTonr of orkgon.

681

son, daiigliter of Robert and lihoda (Ilolnian)
Henderson, Oregon pioneers of 1804. .ludgeand
Mrs. Catlin have eight children, namely: Ag-
nes, Robert, Jilaneh, Seth, Francis, Reljecca,
Clementine and Margaret. The Judge is a
member of Harmony Lodge, A. F. & A. M.
He has been a consistent follower of his pro-
fession, and through his large and snccessful
practice he has accumulated a considerable
amoui.t of money, which is profitably invested
in the city of Portland and its vicinity. He is
no longer active in practicu, but is still attend-
ant at his oflicc. Jud<re Catlin is treriial in iiis
manners and, tliough showing evidences of
passing years his gray locks and noble physiciue
are honorable typos of the sturdy Oregon pio-
neer.

-S=7

0. STANTON, a merchant and the Post
master of Roseburg, was born i' Ibany

JO county, New York, in 1826. '^51

he emigrated to Illinois, and there labon .y
the day until 1853, when he started across the
plains for Oregon. He arrived in the great
Willamette valley in July, 18oi3, having come
the entire distance with innle teams. There he
followed agricultural pursuits until 18(52, then
went to the mines in Idaho, and in 1806 came
to Roseburg. Mr. Stanton was first employed
as salesman for Flint & Crane, until 1873, when
he began business for himself. In 1868 he was
appointed Postmaster of Rosebnrg, and served
the public without intermission until November,
1885. Fn 1873 ho established a store in this
city, and has ever since carried on a successful
business at the old stand. For several years he
has served as a member of the ([lity Council.

Our subject was married in Oregon, in 1874,
to Miss Jennie Sinclair, a daughter of James
Sinclair, who was at one time in the employ of
the Hudson's Bay Company; he was killed at
the Casca'' > in 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Stanton
have thrt„ children: Lucy, (Jole E. and Lillian.

4H-^«

lENERAL STEPHEN COFFIN, one of
Oregon's most enterprising and influential
men, was born in Maine in 1807, and re-
moved from there with his father's family wliile
quite young to Ohio, and from there to Ore-

gon, across the plains, reaching Oregon City in
October, 1847. He spent the remaining thirty-
five years of his active life in his adopteil State,
and died at Dayton, Yam Hill county, March 16,
1882. He had come to Oregon like all other
early settlers without money or property, but
on reaching Oregon City he went to work with
willing hands, building houses and contracting
on all the hard work of a new country, and
within two years he had saved enough to pur-
chase a halt interest iu the land claim owned by
F. W. Pettygrove, on which the present city of
Portland had already been projected. This
claim embraced about one-fourth of the present
city of Portland as it now stands, and was
bounded by A street on the north. Caruthers
street on the south and running back to about
Sixteenth street on the west. Upon making
this purchase C4eneral CotHn moved from Ore-
gon City to Portland, and began to establish
and build u]i tlie city of Portland. Not long
after this purchase Colonel W. W. Chapman
bought of General Coffin and his partner, Daniel
II. Lownsdale, a third interest in the land, so
that i< was then owned iiy ('otHi:, Lownsdale
and ' hapnian.

The increasing eir>i;;ratioii and the stirring
events the Pacific 'HSt began to indicate the
future importance of u city of this coast, and
the consequent value of tin- town site. The
supremacy of Portland as ir emporium was
already disputed , Milwaukee, St. Helen and
Astoria, and tl proprietors of this town site
soon had their courage and resources tested to
the utmost. The Pacific Mail Steamship Com-
pany liad made large in' "stments at St. Helen
and all the influence of ..lat great corporation
was exerted to li' tiie rising fortunes of

Portland. To pi.iicct their interests Coffin,
Chapman and Lownsdale resolved to start an
opposition steamship line between Portland
and -San Francisco, and to that end they pur-
chased, for $18,000, a controlling interest in the
steamship "Gold Hunter," which proved a very
unfortunate investment, as the ship was run oft
to Central America, through the treachery of
trust agonte, and sold for debt and a large bal-
ance charged up to the stockholders. In this
misfortune General Coffin was the heaviest
loser, having to pay $()0,000. To meet these
debts he was obliged to sell at whatever ])rices
ho could get, great numbers of city blocks,
which, if he could have retained them, would
have realized for him a million of dollars, but

• *:.,

R83

HI8T0RT OF OREGON.

M i

that which was the niin of Chapman and Coffin
made sure tlie future of Portland for the old
Bteamship line, seeing tliat Portland was des-
tined to becoino the metropolis of Oregon, made
Portland their terminus, and thus the citv was
establ'shed.

General Coffin was ever active in divising
meauij to extend the business of the city. To
bring in the trade of Washington county and
prevent the opening of a road from Tualitin
I'lains to St. llelen in 1851, he organized the
tirst plank road company in Oregon, which
company located the rond through Tanner Creek
canon west of Portland, ..-id although no plank
was ever laid the road was -"ut through the
dense forest and made practical)'.?! for travel by
grading. In 1800 General Coffin took the
leading part in organizing the People's Trans-
portation Company, and became the vice-presi-
dent and active manager of the corporation,,
which for many years controlled the transpor-
tation or. the Willamette river. For some time
it carried on a sharp competition with the Ore-
gon Steam Navigation Company for the con-
trol of the Columbia river. About 18()6 he
took a large interest in the Oregon Iron Works
which were lo<' 'od on the block west of the
largest hotel in ilie city, and here the com])any
suffered a great loss by fire, which took $40,000
out of General Coffin's pocket in a few minutes.
Two years later he took an active part in pro-
moting the success of the Oregon Central Rail-
roail, — West side. He built by contract some
twenty bridges on the Mountain section of the
road west of I'ortland, investing over §60,000
in the undertaking, and if he had not given the
aid he did th*i west side of the Willamette would
not have secured a railroad for ten years, lie
became a member and large contributor of the
I'atrons of Iluibandry in Oregon upon its or-
ganization. He with others organized the or-
der intj a busineiis known as the Northwestern
Storage and Shipping Company, and this com-
pany rendered the farmers great assistance in
the pundiase and importation of wagons and
farm machinery, ai.d the sale of them at cost
and freights, reducing the cost about 33 per
cent. In all his business affairs General Coffin
was characterized by .'iberality and public spirit.
He gave the city of Portland the public levee,
now worth hundreds of thouRands of dollars,
. besides giving largely to churches and schools.
Professor Crawford says in a history of Port-
land schools, "There are on file several news-

paper items praising several citizens for their
liberal donations of lots and blocks for school
purposes. It certainly will not harm any one to
say that in all my researches I have found but
one-half block owned by the district that came
into its possession as a free gift. The north
half of block 134 was a donation from Stephen
('offin, and he afterward gave the present site,
a half a block in exchange for it. Every lot the
ilistrict owns, aside from this half block, has
been paid for with coin raised by taxation."
Coffin and (Jhapman also gave two whole blocks
to the Methodist Episcopal Church for the es-
tablishment of an academy for the boys and a
seminary for girls, and out of the sale of this
property' has grown the handsome Medical Col-
lege building at the corner of Fourteenth and
C streets. The first school and church bell in
the city was purchased by General Coffin of the
Meneeley Bell Foundry of Troy, New York, and
raised on the tirst school building. When no
longer used there Mr. Coffin gave it to the
Methodist Episcopal Ciiurch, and it now hangs
in tlKi belfry of the Taylor Street Church. He
always treated all the emigrants in a kind and
friendly manner and made them welcome to
his house. He was a man of great business
ability.

Not only was he a great man in private life,
but also in time of danger he showed his met
tie. When the Yakima Indian war broke out,
in 1855, he was the tirst man to move for de-
fense of the settlers. There were plenty of vol-
unteers, but no means of transportation, but
(reiuM-al Coffin was equal to the emergency. He
provided the steamboat at his own expense,
with an ample supj)ly of provisions and blank-
ets for a month's campaign. He took the Port-
land company to the seat of war in time to save
Lieutenant Sheridan from annihilation in his
tirst battle at the Cascades. He never made
any claim on the Government for this expense.

In 1801 it was necessary to 'vithdraw all the
troops from Washington, Ongon and Idaho,
and this left thousand of miles of frontier ex-
posed to attacks from the Inilians. It was nec-
essary to act promptly, Washington and Idaho
being weak Territories, could do but little and
Governor Gibbs, of Oregon, knowing General
Coffin's executive ability and taste for military
affairs, commissioned him as Hrigadier-Creneral
in command of all the Oregon Militia. In less
than sixty days General Coffin raised and put in
the tield one full regiment of infantry luid one

niSTORY OF OREGON.

583

of cavalry and with these effective forces the
forts were fully garrisoned and a sufficient
scouting troop placed on the frontier.

In politics General Coffin was a Repuhlican.
He was one of the "Old Guard'' and original
organizers of the party in Oregon. In his pri-
vate life he was difitingiiished for purity and
charity. He was a good friend and met mis-
fortune not only with courage, i)ut even with
philosophical cheerfulness. Few men had a
wider acquaintance. His religious views were
hi'oad and liberal and while acting in the main
with Methodist denomination he freely oper-
ated with all other good people and aimed so
to live and when actually confronted with
death, with all his faculties as clear as in the
noon day of his strength, he went down to
his grave, as in the words of Bryant:

" Not like a quarry slave at night,

Scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and sootbed

Hy nn unfaltering trust, approach thy grave

Lilie one who draws the drapery of his couch

About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams."

-=*^<

J-^=-

[EORGE WOODWARD, a prominent busi
ness man and highly respected citizen of
Portland Oregon, was born in Windsor
county, Vermont, March 1, 1835.

ills ancestors were of Revolutionary stock
and settled in Connecticut prior to the Revolu-
tionary war. His parents, Captain Henry and
Jane (Connell) Woodward, settled in Ilartland,
Windsor county, where his father engaged in
farming and milling, in which he continued to
be interested until a sliort time previous to the
time of his death, in 1873. He was a man of
superior ability and incontrovertible integrity,
and was greatly lamented by all who knew him.
The devoted wife and mother still survives, at
the age of eighty-two years, and resides in Prov-
idence, Rhode Island, with her daughter, Mrs.
Fred J. Marcy.

The subject of this sketcli was educated at
the Meriden Academy, Meriden, I^ew Hamp-
shire, and at Newberry Academy at Newberry,
Vermont, where he was educated to be a civil
engineer. He arranged to go West to start in
business, but being an only son, his father inaile
him a proposition, with the object of inducing
him to remain at home, offering to purchase
for his son a farm of 250 acres, which was
highly improved, and one of the finest in the

State. The offer was accepted, and although
but a lad of twenty years, he, under the advice
of his father, assumed the entire management,
and operated the farm very successfully for
eight years, when he sold out.

In the fall of 1862 he was married to Miss
Ellen M. Richardson, an educated and accom-
plished lady, and a daughter of Paul D. Rich-
ardson, a representative merchant and business
man of Ilartlaiui.

Soon tiring of idleness, Mr. Woodward pur-
chased the merchandise stock of his father-in-
law, and without knowledge of the mercantile
pursuits, engaged actively in trade, and l)y es-
tablishing a cash basis of operations, revolu-
tionized the mercantile business of Ilartland.
He continued very successfully in this business
for several years, when, deciding that the op-
portunities of the t(>wn were too limited for his
ambition, he sold his interests, wiih the inten-
tion of emigrating to the Pacific coast. Walla
Walla, Wasiiington, was made the objective point.
Accordingly, Mr. Woodward and family, accom-
panied by his brother-in-law, Benjamin H.
Conch and family, crossed the continent by rail,
in 1870, to Siui Francisco, whence they went by
steamer to !*o,"tland. In the latter place they
passed a week, wJien they proceeded to Walla
Walla. This, they found to be a new and un-
developed town, so they returned to Portland
for settlement. Messrs. Woodward and Conch
then decided to engage in the wool business,
the latter being an experienced buyer, but find-
ing all the wool bought up for that season, Mr.
Conch became disgusted with the country and
returned with his family to the Eas^t. Mr.
Woodward, however, remained to improve the
opportunities so abundantly offered.

In the fall of 1870 he purchased one-third
interest in the real-estate firm of Russell &
Ferry, and I hey for three years, conducted a
very large and profitable real-estate business.
The firm dissolved, and Mr. Woodward en-
gaged in fire insurance as special agent for the
Pha'iiix Insurance Company; he also organized
the State for the California and Commercial
Companies, and was actively engaged as special
agent and adjuster until 1880, when he discon-
tinued the business. Mr. Woodward has also
been largely interested in buying and handling
wool since 1872, and sent about the first car-
load ever shipped direct from Oregon to the
extreme East. Having large warehouses and
facilities for grading and packing he bought

I !

III

.'(■'

.11 .

58 1

itistoiiY OF ou/^noJv.

extensively for Eastern niiiiiufiu',turers unil also
on joint account for large I'oaton wool iioiises.
Since 1885 ^[i'. Woodward has not been actively
engaged in any business, except tlie loaning of
money and the care of his various ))roperty in-
terests.

Mr. and Mrs. Woodward have two children,
Nannie II., now Mrs. .lohn II (,'oncli, of Cnu-
cord, New Hampshire; and Jennie, who is beinjr
educated at I'eralta Hall, Berkeley, California.

Nfr. Woodward is a cautious, painstaking
business man, quick to discern and ])roinpt to
act, and has, by his habits of perseverance and
integrity, attained a prominent and honorable
position among the citizens of Oregon's metrop-
olis.

-^m^'^ —

tN. RON EV, the representative builder
and contractor of Eugene, was born in
* Auglaize county, (Jhio, September 2,
18."53. His parents, Thomas and Caroline (Lev
ering) Roney, were natives of Pennsylvania
the former born in Montgomery county, Feb-
ruary 8, 1807, and the latter in Philadelphia
county, July 20, 1813. The great-grandfather
of the subject of this sketch was a native of
Ireland, but his grandfather was born in the
Keystone State. Mr. Roney's parents were
married in his mother'.s native county, March
23, 1834-, and imnieiliately removed to Au-
glaize county, Ohio, where Mr. Roney was en-
gaged in farming. They removed to Missouri
in 1870, where he also followed farming. In
1878 they emigrated thence to Oregon, settling
in Lane county, where Mr. Roney died March
7, 1885, aged seventy-eight years; his widow
still survives, at the age of seventy-nine.
They had twelve children, nine of whom sur-
vive, the subject of this sketch being the
youngest of the living children. Two of the
sons passed through the civil war of 18()l-'(55,
and were with the army of General "Sherman
in his great march to the sea.

L. ^(. Roney's early educational advantages
were necessarily limited, as his services were
requiretl on the farm. He remained with his
parents until nineteen years of age and then
engaged in learning the car|)enter trade as the
foundation of self-support. He served an ap-
prenticeship of tiiree years in Missouri. In
1870 he came to Oregon and locateil at Eugene

in the ein])loy of the bridge-builders, iMessrs.
Miller and Son. Hie first work was upon the
wooden iiridge across the Willamette river. He
remained with this tirm until 1882, engaged in
county and railroad bridge-building through
Oregon, Washington and Idaho. In 1882 he
was employed by the State as superintendent of
{•onstruction of - Villard Hall," one of the
university buildings at Eugene. Since then
ho has been engaged in contracting and build-
ing, and he has made bridges a specialty.
Excepting two years with W. H. Abrams he has
been alone in business. Many of the finer
residences and business blocks of Eugene and
adjoining towns are evidences of his mechanical
skill, while in bridge building he has been em-
ployed throughout the State. His own elegant
residence was constructed on the corner of Sixth
and Jefferson streets in 1890.

He was marri-ed in Hoise City, Idaho, June
5, 188'J, to Mrs. Orilla (i. (Baker) Humphery,
of Oregon, and the daughter of ('aptain flohn
Baker, of Salem, pioneer of 1847, who crossed
the plains with ox teams and settled at Oregon
City, operating the lirst hotel of that town, but
subsequently taking a donation claim near
Salem, upon a portion of which he still resides.

Mr. Iloney is a metnber of the Masonic
order, and was elected Master of the Eugene
Lodge, No. 11, F. & A. M., taking the chair in
December, 1892. Ho is an active worker of
the Republican party, though not an ofttce-
seeker, and his life is devoted to his business
relations, in which he holds an enviable posi--
tion and reputation for skill and workmanship.

fP. CARDWELL is an Oregon pioneer
of 1852, who, during the administration
* of Abraham Lincoln in 18(i4, became
connected with the Internal Revenue Depart-
ment of Oregon, and for twr'.ty-one consecu-
tive years jjcrformed prompt and faithful serv-
ice to his State and country. He was born
upon the farm near Springfield, Illinois, in
1832. ('For sketch of ancestry the reader is
referred to tlu^ biography of J. R. (Jardwell,
which ap])ears in this history.) His education
was secured at Horace Spaulding's Grammar
school at .lack.sonville, IllinoiB, the prominent
institution of tluit locality and period. Out of
school his time was occupied upon the farm,

IIISTOIIY OF OnEGON.

088

witli its manifold duties. In 1852, witli his
pureiitu and eii,'lit brothers and sisters they set
out upon their long journey to Orefron, starting
with ample provisions and conveniences packed
upon two wagons, four yoke of oxen to each
wagon, and the subject, being the second eldest
(diild, had charj^e of one team, which he drove
all the way across. Travel was impeded that
year liy the cholera among the emigrants and
sickness among the animals, and the Cardwed
party landed in Oregon with one wagon and
three yoke of oxen. Tijo family settled at
Marysville, the name being afterward changed
to Corvallis.

On his arrival our subject began work with
his uncle, Hamilton Campbell, residing in
Marion county, and a pioneer of 1831), who came
to the State with Jason Lee, of missionary fame;
with him our subject renniined until 1853, then
went to Corvallis, and with Samuel Alexander
ei'gaged in the mercantile business, which was
continued about one year, when they sold out
their stock, purchased a small pack train and
began packing from Corvallis to Jacksonville
and Vreka n)ines. J^urchasing their own stock
of tlour, butter and miners' supplies, and then
selling to merchants or miners. This was car-
ried on with profit for about eighteen months,
when they sold the train to 13. F. Dowell, who
was fitting out an escort to protect the incom-
ing immigrants from the Indians.

Mr. Cardwell then purchased a claim in con-
nection with W. M. Carter of Benton county, a
pioneer of 1852, and together they engaged in
the stock business, which was followed until
1851), when subject sold his interest and stock
and came to Portland, and the photoffra])hic
firm of Huchtcl itC'ardwel! was then organized,
with galleries located at Salem, Corvallis, As-
toria and the Dalles. They carried on a large
and lucrative business for about five years,
when Mr. (."ardwell sold his interest and retired
from the firm.

In September, 1864, Mr. Cardwell was ap-
pointed, under President Lincoln's administra-
tion, Assistant Assessor and Deputy Collector of
Internal Revenue for the District of ( >r('gon, and
remained in that capacity until July, 1885,
when, with the changed administration, resig-
nations were in order and accepted. Mr. Card-
well then formed a partnership with V>. E.
Lippincott to engage in the real estate and
custom-house brokerage '.-usiness, which is still
continued.

He was married in I5enton county in 1856,
to Miss Abbie AI. Clark, daughter of William
Clark, of South Hadley, Massachusetts, who emi-
itrated to Ore<ion in 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Cardwell
have one child, Herbert W., a graduate of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons of New
York city, and now a physician in the city of
Portland.

Mr. Cardwell still resides in the old home, on
the corner of Fourth and Harrison streets,
which he established in 1860. For seven years
he has been on the Poard of Police (Jomniis-
sioners, first appointed by Governor/'. T. Jloody,
and subsequently elected by the Republican party.
He was one of the incorporators and is presi-
dent of Lone Fir Cemetery, also vice-presi-
dent of Ancient Order Huilding Association,
member of A. O. U. W., and stockholder and
director of the Union 15anking Company. He
is actively interested in all enterprises wdiich
tend toward the growth and development of his
State and city.

^^(Il:®^*^

^ON. STEWART P.. EAKIN, cashier of
the First National Pank of Eugene was
born in Elgin, Kane county, Illinois,
August 28, 1846. Ilia father, Stewart B. Epkin,
was from Ireland, and emigrate'! to A merit :: in
1841. He settled in Illinois and engaged in
farming, lie was married in Kane county to
Miss Catharine McEldowney, of the same State.
In 1854 they removed to Hloom, a suburb of
Chicago, now called Chicago Heights, and there
engaged in mercantile busines. Here he was
made Postmaster and held that position for
twelve years, and resigned, sold his store and
with his family, composed of his wife]and nine
children, and his parents, both upwardof eighty
years of age, he started overland for Oregon.
Ho was well eqniped with liglit and heavy
wagons and fifteen jwwerful rnulos. The jour-
ney was without unusual incident, 'until they
approached Fort Laramie, when one of the
children fell from the wagon, was run over and
his leg broken. Medical service was procured
at the fort, the bone set and after a few days,
Viitli boyish vigor the bones began to knit.
They crossed by the Barlow route and landed
in Eugene, September 4, 1866, after four months
of travel, making a rapid and satisfactory jour-
ney. Mr. Eakin then purchased 630 acres of

586

HISTORY OF OliKOON.

'^:

land two ft:id one half miles west of Eugene and
he followed fanning nntil 1875, when lie re-
moved to Kiiffene. Here lie passed his closing
years in teai'liiiig practical Christianity according
to his Presbyterian faith, livinjj up to his helief
in both example anil precept. He died in 1892,
March 12, aged seventy-seven years.

Stewart Eakin received hiseducation in Bloom.
When he was twelve years old he entered his
father's store, before and after school hours, anil
his bed was in the store building up to the time
of their departure for Oregon. He drove one
team across the plains and j)as8ed the first win-
ter in Oregon with his parents, but bef];an clerk-
inir ii' the store of Peters & Par.^ons in April
1807. Here he continued nntil 1870, when he
engaged in the sheep business, but as he had no
experience disease entered his flock and he was
glad to sell out in a year, a sadder, but wiser man.
Ho then secured a clerkship with F. B. Dunn,
and remained in his store until the spring of
1874, when, unsolicited, he was nominated as
Sheriff of the Republican party and was elected
by one majority, the county being strongly
1 democratic. He then entered upon the dis-
charge of his duties, and served with so much
satisfaction that in 1870 he was re-nominated
and elected by 330 majority, and was again
nominated in 1878, continuing in the office un-
til 1880, when he began clerking for T. G.
Hendricks and remained one year. In 1881 he
made his first eastern trip, and passed six
months midst old and new scenes. Returning
to Eugene in the spring of 1882 he was elected
to the State Legislature, being the only Repub-
lican elected from Lane county. In 1883 lie
entered into partnership with T. (t. Hendricks,
with the firm name of Hendricks & PZakin as a
private banking house, and in January 1886
they secured their charter from those in authori-
ty for a national bank and thus established the
First National Bank of Eugene, which began
business March 9, 1880, with a paid-up capital
of $50,000. Mr. Eakin was elected and con-
tinned in the position of cashier. He was one
of the organizers of the Eugene Water Works
Company, in 1887, and has continued treasurer
of the company. In 1888 he was elected to the
State Senate from Lane county, being the first
Repulilican Senator from that county in eighteen
years. During his political career Mr. Eakin
has never been defeated.

lie was married in Eugene in 1871, to Miss
Eliza Hadley, a pioneer of tiie early fifties. In

1870 Mr. Eakin bought his present homo on
the corner of Eighth and High streets and he
there rebuilt in 1878, and in 1891 lie bougiit
the homestead with forty acres of land to pre-
serve in the family. He is a man of honor and
can be trusted in every way.

IILBERT ALLISON ADAMS, the able
principal of the Stephens Public School of
Portland, Oregon, was born in Ohio, in
1803.

He was raised in Ohio and educated in the
public schools of that State, finishing his studies
at the Ohio Normal University, at which he
graduated in 1885. lie taught in the district
Bciiools to obtain the means with which to
pursue his college course.

After graduating he taught as principal of
schools in his native State. In 1888, liov. jver,
he came to Portland, Oregon, where he secured
the principalsliip of the school at Newport, in
which capacity he served for one term, when, in
the fall of 1888, he was appointed principal of
the Stephens school, and is now serving his
fifth year in that position. Ho has 000 pupils
divided into twelve departments, taught by
twelve teachers, excluding himself. He is con-
scientious and painstaking in his work, pro-
gressive, and laudably eunilons of the work of
an educator.

Professor Adams has invested in Portland
property, having always had a most implicit
faith in her future greatness, wliicii confidence
has been fully rewarded.

He is a highly respected member of the I. O.
O. F., belonging to the Encampment branch,
the subordinate and Rebekali lodges, in each of
which he has been an active and honored member.

Oregon prides herself on her prominence in
almost every branch of pursuit, wlietlier com-
mercial, agricultural, scientific or educational,
and she is certainly justified in her gratification.
She would not be American, were she other
than emulous of all that is good and great.
Perhaps her greatest point of self-gratulation is
her public school system, on which she spares
neither money nor pains, securing the best edu-
cators in the country and paying them liberally
for their services. The subject of this sketch
is no exception to the general rule of ability

aisTonr of ojieooh.

887

but ratlier takes a prominent position among the
universally meritorious educators of the com-
monwealth, and is deservedly popular, not only
with his coworkers, but with all of his lellow-
men.

Thomas cox, an Oregon pioneer of
1852, and an Indian war veteran, is the
subject of the present sketch. Ho was
born in Urooke county, Virginia, March 19,
1825. Grandfather Michael Co.x lived in Ohio
county, Virginia, reared a family, lived to be
seventy-five years of age, a portion of his life
having been spent in Pennsylvania, where our
subject's father, Samuel, was born, near Browns-
ville, in 1800. While still ii boy the family re-
moved to Virginia, and there Mr. Cox, the
father of our subject, married Miss Nancy
Rogers, a native of Washington county, Penn-
sylvania. They had a family of nine children,
of whom they reared seven. The mother died
in her I'orty-hrst year, while the father lived to
be eighty-one.

Our subject was the second child in the fam-
ily, and he resided in Virginia until his twenty-
third year. He then went to Illinois, and taught
school in Woodford county during the winter
of 1851-52. In 1852 he crossed the plains to
Oregon, and that was the year of cholera, many
dying, but he escaped. He came as a young
and single man, paid $85, stood guard night
after night, and drove an ox team, all for the
privilege of coming with the company, and for
his board. He arrived at Portland September
12, 1852. That city had just begun to grow.
Here our subject was prostrated with a bad
attack of typhoid fever, and all of his money was
spent in paying his way through this sickness.
Later our subject came to Yam Hill county,
where he taught school in the McBride neigh-
borhood, and boarded with the good doctor for
a part of the time. In 1855, when the Yakima
war broke out, he volunteered, furnished his
own horse and outfit, and served through the
seige. Several times he was in danger from his
engagement in running fights with the Indians
and while off with scouting parties, and suffered
much hardship and hunger, being obliged to
subsist on horseflesh for a time. After the war
was over he returned to the valley, where he
taught school for about five years, and was en-

gaged in other work for some nine years in
Yam Hill county.

The marriage of our subject took place March
6, 1861, to Miss Emn)a W. Torrance, a native
of Massachusetts, born February 27. 1842, and
was a daughter of Mr. .leduthan Torrance, of
that State. They were early settlers of New
Kngland, and came to Oregon in 1854, and now
reside in Yam Hill county. He has reached
the seventy-sixth year of his age.

After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Cox moved to
Tillamook county, where they purchased a pre-
emption right, and changed it to a horaesttwi.
They obtained J 60 acres of land, where they
resided and were prospered, carrying on dairy-
ing and selling their butter in Portland, doing
well. They raised stock also and sold hay, ami
were on that farm for seventeen v^''"""*- '^i'-
tiring from the farm, he caine to Forest Grove,
purchased a block, resided there, and sent the
children to college. They remained in Forest
Grove seven years, and in 1884 he purchased
ninety-nine acres, six miles northwest of Forest
Grove, on Gale's creek. Here he built a good
residence and improved the property, and is re-
siding there at the present time. He farms his
lands, loans his money, and is now somewhat
retired from business.

Mr. and Mrs. Cox are worthy members of
the Missionary Baptist Church, and for this
body he has done everything in his power. He
was reared a Deinocrat, but when the war began
his sympathies were with the North, but is now
independent (.nd is a strong temperance man.
They have had four children, namely: Ethe W.,
at home; Mark T., a teacher; Emma I., died of
quick consumption, .January 15, 1888. in her
nineteenth year; and Ada May, at lionie. Mr.
and Mrs. Cox are highly respected citizf:i' of
the State, in which they have so long resided.
They have worked hard, and deserve thg success
they have attained.

jILTON P. SMITH, a representative
fanner of Washington county, Oregon,
is a pioneer of 1853. He was born in
Illinois, September 18, 1837, son of Even and
Hannah (Turner) Smith, who removed to Mis-
souri and from there to Arkansas. The father
was a soldier in the Black Hawk wa^", and
finally died in Wright county, Missouri. Of

088

niaroHY of oBEaoN.

the fnniily of twelve cliildrcii boni to liiiimulf
and wife, only four iiiv now liviiifr. Our siili-
ject WHS rciireil in Arkaiisii8 from liis fourth to
iiis aixteeiitli yuar, at whicli ago ho started to
cross tlie jilains with his unchf. Tlioy came to
Orej^on, the journey lieing a safe one, hut on
tile way ^[|•. Smith had the niountain fever,
from whieii he fortunately recovered. After
arriving in J'ortland he worked nt cutting cord-
wood and hurniug coal. His first winter he
worked in a sawmill, and the next summer was
spent in delivering wood to the steamhoats. In
the spring of 1S55 ho went overland to Cali-
fornia with o.xun, and his first summer in that
State was passed in work on a farm in Scott's
valley. In tlu^ fall he worked in the mines, re-
maining in then) until the following spring,
when ho engaged in teaming with seven yokes
of oxen, and was among the first of the team-
sters in that section. After this he mined on
Indian creek, in Siskiyou county, until the fall
of 1838. By this time he had saved $5,000,
which he put at interest and returned to Port-
land. From this city he came to Washington
co\inty and worked in a sawmill for two years,
after whicli ho returned to California to look
after his money, which was loaned out. The
mines had failed, heing at bed rock, although
at the time Mr. Smith let thcni have his money
they were considered to be very rich. One of
the miners, a Mr. Brewster, had $496, hnt he
also had lost his all, while another poor hut
honest man had $J!5() more of Mr. Smith's
money, hut lie kindly allowed hotli m?n to keep
the money. It was a serious loss to him, and
he spent ahont $400 in trying to recover his
money, hut finally concluded that he w^ould
liavo to heifin at the hottoin of the ladder aifain,
so he purchased a steer, broke anotliei', went in
debt for a wagon, and engaged in hauling lum-
ber, in which occupation he made money. In
time he repaid the money on his wagon, pur-
chased otlier teams, and bought a fine team of
liorses, which he sent to Oregon. He then
purchased a load of provisions and supplies,
and with his ox team and wagon hauled them
to the mines at Canon City, where lie found a
ready sale for his goods. Here he again en-
gaged in mining, later in the butcher business,
ill both of which he made money. He also en-
gaged in the dairy business, going from that to
mining, but in 1807 came to Oregon and rented
two farms, and engaged in agricultural pursuits
for a year. He then purchased, in partnership

witli Mr. J(jlin 15. Kellogg, a hotel and land,
52x75 feet, near the iijiper bridge in i'ortland,
where ho reiviained over a year, making boots
and shoes, while his partner ran a hotel. At
tha expiration of that time Mr. Smith traded
his intereat in the property for 320 acres of
land, paying 8300 additional. He has worked
hard on this property, to which he removed in
1860, and has since prospered on account of
his industry and economy.

In 1872 Mr. Smith married Miss Sarah Ti-
gard, a native of Washington county, Oregon,
born in 1854, daughter of Mr. Wilson Tigard,
an Oregon pioneer of 1852. Mr. and Mrs.
Smith have had three children, namely: Alpha,
Annie and Willie; the latter died in liis second
year, but the others are at home with their
parents. Mr. Smith carries on genenil farming
on his property, and also raises fine draft
horses. He has passed through eoino very
rough experiences on the coast, hut through it
all retained his native nobleness of nature. In
politics he is a stanch Republican, supporting
the principles of that party upon any and all
occasions. In every way Mr. Smith is o.io of
Oregon's most reliable and valued citizens.

--^€

Srr,

ILLIAM GLADSTONE STEEL is a
native of Staflbid, Monroe county,
Ohio, born September 7, 1854. His
father, William Steel, reformer, was born in
Biggar, Scotland, August 20, 1809, and died in
I'ortland, Oregon, January 5, 1881. lie came
to the United States with his parents in 1817,
and settled near Winchester, Virijinia. but re-
moved soon afterward to ^Monroe county, Ohio,
where from 1830 to the civil war he was an
active worker in the "underground railroad," of
which he was one of the earliest organizers.
During these years large numbers of slaves
were assisted to escape to Canada, and in no
single instance was one retaken after reaching
him. At one time the slaveholders of Vir-
ginia ofl'ered $5,000 for his head, when he
promptly addressed the committee, offering to
bring it to them if the money was placed in
responsible hands! He acquired a fortune as a
merchant, but lost it in 1844. From 1872 to
his death he resided with his sons in Oregon.
In the early days of the anti-slavery movement
Mr. Steel was the rpcogniited leader of the

18 a

^'V'bvfr, Y*.-^i^JVl*

<nH:noN.

589

1 ilififljf j«riy />•.
. ii silotefl ill eiuit ri
«'i.)Hu sigtion* it^;ii'ii'
1 ' hf> woiilil i'mi»ii';j|.i4

. j , ' lilll'/l ('jl'lopt'lllll I

•."i«i'iiv, V(<1. NipiigH fl5l>.i Tli«-
• ., .-.iliject. Kli/iilietli (Lowry) Htt>«'l
«^'.. it i'HUm of V'irj^iiiiii, itii<l Iiit lUi('o«tf'i» «>•;•
iiiiioMj; »tu< Diiti'li colonial BettiiTH o! i'«'i'ii»v'
Miiiin.

Tile ('iliiciitionnl H(tvaiitB>;eR <»f Willimn '•
Sr»'cl wcr<i ^«ry mcRgur, l)oiiii/ i-ontinml fi' iii'
li»tri<'t Hclidul five iniltw iliMtiiiil, to wlii/|; i.c
"iilki'il daily, until the fiuiiiiy ri'iimvi-.) », I' -i
land III 1872; lie lliuii fiilvitnl ri.'
wlidro lio wits n i-lmlent f..i , ;l-
After I'.'aviii^ wh'H«l h
Smilli l{r"i'"i- '■
tho trwlv

irnf ■■

of '-i
|i«r!y.

SUtlllliiT M'

to I'oftlaM-i 1 .

I(e>t«ll »,llt> (;!,' '

<)n'gi)ii a-

liinn^r s!i|i|

timieil njx'ii in

a pijfiition «•■<

laiul. mit) Will )•

ii)t(iiKlfiil. h!ih

ndiiiiiiihtiutx.Ti

f'titate l'i!iiii(f«s, ^i).: ■ ■

tfe St(vl \»4* foniR.'i

C. Wx'M jinijccfii •!•'

I ><>(ijjl«(i coiKity, tij tiic ■■

river iwii1 Con* l«y.

Siiu-e 1873 Mr. .Hteoi ■ > i

estcd in LXplorafioiiu of ttii-
188") hin iiitentions weff dm .i 'i. > .-.tM-i u*!.
in Klatiiatii county. Visltiu); (.Im RjX't, l.'i wm
80 deeply impressed with 'hf Ihwiiity am! gran-
deur '.I' i\h'. i'lirrotindingg that ho iinineiliately
look ''ti^pa Toward havin}» tli« plact pet aside us
i\ iirtlionai {ifcrk f)uring the summer of ISSf.
the f'nif.M! '^tiit.'»fteol(>|jical Survey was ordered
to cxairiiiitf li ' ' ''-> n..MH. -.i-i.-iy trani»!K)rte<t
by rail a didtA ■ , .'arrJeA IfK)

iriilef) intd t'\. • : '..'f. 1.-, i': h.-'

over a cliff l.t'n . -.^h, luie dilticnlt task

i<-.MMiiplioli(>d, till' lonndiiigs wi'io iiiii(K>,

v<i-i fiiiiiul that I hi' water iiicaHii red 2,008

•t'p; tin* Inlcp is '-ix hy hcvcii iiiilos in

i«iid i'l hiitiroly sii; loiindi"! hy clill'r^ from

•.J,ltl'<» fe.it 1; j;h. Another of Mr.

..■(■(•••ni wii- the illiiiiiiimtion of

■• ' - li'st iittiMii|)tcd .1 Illy 4,

' ''V aeeoiiiplirthed until

■ *i.ii ■■e«nlte<l in the orf;aii-

A 'pino Cliil) in ( (etolior,

■i • 'I' the heautifnl little

' ^i intaiiis of Orei^on;"

I he natural resources

■ii>' -l«»ii md in the ])res-"va-

» liiKbuy

j?"',

■ , Afayor id' I'ortland,
.'' ■ ' ly collier to Orei^on,

'' . V' ideiitilif(l with her

■ ' 1 those of her chief

Pacihc Northwest.
I'c HI 1881, haviii;; coiiio
• 1. !-, ami soon afterward em-
'i'.!i-(>ale jrriM-ery trade. In 1885
;: .1 of MaBoii, Mlirnian & Co., was
iiid *ooii took I'unk as one of the
. ■K-aiitilo hoiiw:?- of the city, while
i.'vjime knov^n ar one nf the soiind-
I hi'o) pri)f(n-*.^i\c of I'lisiiiess men.
. •: idmlilyiiiif hiiiiself « ith Portland, Mr.
Ma«^tl IiA-i wortevl with the idea in view that
''■■■ 'ih-aiH-eMient of the interests of the hiisi-
^en ))iti»t go hniid in hand with the pro-
p's vf the city, and hence its welfare has re-
'imd the benelit of iiiiicl. 'f his etierffy and

Wluri what is IK>^^ the consolidated

' ''ortlnnd was coinpiiff of several separ-

•t 'orprmitioii;, each workinjf

■ .',1 ,..,■,., .,,,)! tly not for the

• citizens recog-

jisting condition

i.i ',k to Portland,

II 1 over the world

V '. .' • 'i tables must bo

j> : ; 1- territory within

t' '-. ,v!i:le leavinnj .ut a

1 . .«< portion of the conii'nercial

fv..;,. v 4 }»art of the city in every-

thing .1 for H nytitinetriial system of iin-

1 ■ '. 'ci .iiuncrous oihor reasons, the

best interests of the city demanded a union of

' i

UISTOUY OF OREGON.

Abolitionists ill soutbeastorn Ohio. Tie was at
one time a candidate of the l,iberty ])ttrty for
ConfrreBs, and in I'^ii-l circulated in eastern
Ohio the great petition, whose signers agreed
to vote for Henry (Hay if ho would emancipate
his one slave. (Apnleton's (Cyclopedia of
American Hiography, Vol. V, page G5U.) The
mother of our subject, lillizabeth (Lowry) Steel,
was a native of Virginia, and her ancestors wore
among the Dutch colonial settlers of Pennsyl-
vania.

The educational advantages of William G.
Steel were very meager, being confined to the
district school five miles distant, to which he
walked daily, until the family removed to Port-
land in 1872; he then entered the higii school,
where he was a student for -eighteen months.
After leaving school he was apprenticed to
Smith Brothers, iron manufacturers, to learn
the trade of pattei'ii-makiiig; he served three
years and then engaged in newspaper work, lill-
ing various jweitions until the fall of 1879.
when he went to Albany, Linn county, and
established the Albany Herald for the purpose
of carrying the county for the Kepublican
party, whicii effort wab unsuccesBful. In the
summer of 1880 he sold his paper and returned
to Portland. Here he and his brother David
began the publication of the Resources of
Oregon and Washington, but the enterprise
being supported by Henry Villard, was discon-
tinued upon his failure. Mr. Steel then secured
a position as substitute l(»tter-carrier in Port-
land, and was promoted lo the position of Super-
intendent, which he iiiled until the Cleveland
administration, lie next engaged in the real
estate business, and in 181)1 the firm of AVilbur
& Steel was formed. In 1881) Mr. Steel and
C. Heald projected the railroad from Drain,
Douglas county, to the mouth of the Umpqua
river and (loos bay.

Since 1875 .Mr. Steel bi's been deeply inter-
ested in explorations of the mountains, ami in
1885 his attentions were drawn to Crater lake
in KhiMiath county. Visiting the s])ot, ho was
so deeply impressed with the beauty and gran-
deur of the surroundings that he immediately
took steps toward having the place set aside as
a national park. Dur'ug the summer of 1880
tiie United States Geological Survey wasordered
to e.\attrine the lakft. Boats were transported
by rail a distance of 343 miles, carried 100
miles into the mou'itains, wnd then launched
over a cliif 1,000 feet liigh; this ditliicult task

safely accom])lished, the soundings were made,
and it was found tiiat the water measured 2,008
feet deep; the lake is six by seven miles in
extent, and is entirely surrounded by cliffs from
500 to over 2,000 feet high. Another of Mr.
Steel's conceptions w.as the illumination of
Mount Hood, whicli was first attempted duly 4,
1880, but not successfully accomplished until
July 4, 1887. This effort resulted in the organ-
ization of the Oregon Alpine Club in October,
1887. He is the author of the beautiful little
volume entitled, ''The Mountains of Oregon;"
he is deeply interested in the natural resources
and beauties of the state, and in the preserva-
tion of her early history.

tOX. W. S. MASON, Mayor of Portland,
does not innk as an early comer to Oregon,
tiiough now thoroughly identified with her
interests, and esjiecially with those of her chief
eity, the metropolis of the Pacific Northwest.
He arrived in tliis State in 1881. having come
from southern Illinois, and soon afterward em-
barked in the wholesale grocery trade. In 1885
the present firm of Mason, Kluiuan & Co., was
organized, and soon took rank as one of the
foremost mercantile houses of the city, while
Mr. Mason became known as one of the sound-
est and most jirogressive of business men.

Since identifying himself with Portland, Mr.
Mason has worked with the idea in view that
the advancement of the interests of tiie busi-
ness men must go hand in hand with the pro-
gress of the city, and hence its welfare has re-
ceived the benelit of much of his energy and
ability. When what is now the consolidated
city of Portland rtas composed of several separ-
ate and distinct corporations, each working
indeiK'tidently, and eonscijuently not for the
general welfare, all fur-seeing citizens recog-
nized the fact that the tiien existing condition
of affairs was a great drawback to Portland,
minimizing her importance all over the world
where her place in eom|)arative tables must bo
governed by the figures for the territory within
the actual corporate limits, while leaving out a
large anil growing portion of the conuiiercial
center— actually a part of the city in every-
thing but name; for a symmetrical system of im-
provement, and for numenuis other reasons, the
i)est interests of the city demanded a union of

590

HISTORY OF OREOON.

itc varioiift parts — of I'oi'thimi, East Portland
and Alliiiia — but tliere wt-ro many wlio foi- self-
interest foiiiid it conveiiieiit to strenuously op-
))Ose consolidation, and in fact there were in-
nutnerahie olistaoles to be overcome before the
advocates of a united Portland conld brinj^
about a realization of their great ])nrpose.
These matters are treated of in detail in the
proper place in this volume, but a ret'erence to
this important ])oint in the citY's history is
necessary in this connection as ^Ir. Mason was
a recognized leader in the tight which resulted
in more good for Portland than any one thing
that has occurred since the fouudiiisf of the city,
and which gave to her, lu-r proper raiik among
the municipalities of the United States. Not
as a ))olitician. but a broad-minded, patriotic
citizen of a city, which needed onlyambition to
make it great, be spent much of his time dur-
ing the session of the Legislature. 18!K)-'!}1, at
the State Capital, urujini.' the legislation which
should inaugurate the movement in view, and
until the submission of the proposition to the
vote of the people, on June 1, 1891. he was one
of the foremost spirits in the bringing about
the successful culmination of the project. In
Lis work before tlie I.,egii'lature, Mr. Mason's
reputation for personal integrity, and his high
standing in commercial circles, gained for him
the respect and attention of all with whom he
came in contact.

According to the terms of the consolidation
act, the election for the choice of city officers
was set for the loth of June, 1891, and the
citizens of Portland, irre.spei^tive of ])arty,
formed a committee of 100 to choose a candi-
date for ifayor. Mr. Mason was at once se-
lected by tliem for the honor of becoming the
first chief executive of the united city, bnt he
refused to entertain the projiosition. The citi-
zens, however, mindful of his most valuable
services so recently i'end( red. ai:<i desirous of
inaugurating the Ciireer of the new Portland with
a reign of good government, insisted so strongly
U|)on his accepting the first place on the ticket,
that lie found it necessary to reconsider his
former determination. The result of the elec-
tion was to make him Afayor of the city by an
overwhi^lmiug majority.

Having entered upon the duties of the Mayor-
alty. Mr. Mason proceeded to show that he re-
garded the prerogatives of the otlice which had
been conferred ujhjii him by the people, as a
trust, and he has ke|)t it well. His every effort

in an official eajiacity has been in the direction
of affording to the city a good government, and
the closing of the year 1892 signalizes a tri-
umj)h of reform metliods, for which Mr. Mason
receives the highest credit. Indeed, it cannot
he denied that the comparatively short ])eriod
from the commencement of the real light for
consolidation up to this writing, with the re-
forms, progress and improvements accoin[)lished
and inaugurated, mark by far the most import-
ant epoch in the history of the city, and the part
taken in the project by the subject of this men-
tion, is an essential portion of that history.

Mr. Mason is a Uepublicaii in politics, and ii
consistent supporter of his party's interests, but
in his administration of his office he is not a
politician or a partisan, but a public spirited
representative of the jniople.

He is essentially a man of affairs and leads a
busy life. Besides his ofKcial duties and the
care and attention he must devote to his large
wholesale biisiness, he has other active business
connections, being President of the Portland
National i'ank, a position which he has held
since the organization of that institution, as well
as first vice-president of the Chamber of Com-
merce.

Though not claiming so many years of resi-
dence here as many other citizens, Mr. Mann's
connection with public and commercial aflairs
has been so intimate that a brief reference to
his antecedents and early life becomes a valu-
able contribution to the history of the city and
State. He was born in Prince William county,
Virginia, May '25, 1832, and ca'ne of one of
of the families of the old Dominion, his
ancestors in this country, English peo[)le by
birth, having sett'ed there as early as 1640.
His parents were people of moderate means,
and lie conimenced a career of activity at an
early age. his first employment being as clerk
in a store, when he was twelve years old. His
Hclin(d facilities wttre limited, but he was a gn at
reader, and through his own efforts secure(l very
creditable educational advantages. When he
was a boy liis parents removed from Virginia
to Ohio, au'l thonce again to Iowa, where lie
also sold gootl-'. He was twenty-four years of
ai;e when the family removed to sonthern Illi-
nois, and tliire he entered u|)on a career in rail-
road life, which coritinued for twenty-five years,
or until he ca ne to Oregon.

Mr. Mason bears a reputation in otlicial busi-
ness and private circles above reproach, and en-

inSTOIii' OF OREGON.

joys tlm highest esteem of the best class of citi-
zens. He is a niein'jpr of the Masonic onJor
of long standing, and is a charter inunihur of
the faiiions Golden Gate Ooniniandery, Knights
Templars, of San Francisco.

>i()N. T. G. HENDRICKS, president of.'iie
First National Bank of Eugene, was iiorn
Henderson county, Illinois, Jutie IV, 1838.
His father, James M. Hendricks, 'vas a native
of Kentucky, and sub ,;queiitly married Miss
Elizabeth Briston, of Virginir., the daughter of
Elijah Hriston, the tirst .settljr of Lane county,
Oregon. His early life wr.s spent in the woods
of Virginia, where he became accustomed to
the woi 'sinan'o ways ard the use of fire arms,
and became noted as a i expert marksman and
liunter. Emigrating to Kentucky he learned
the trade of biacksmi h and this in connection
with his farming occipied his life. With the
outbreak of the war if 1812, he was the tirst
from his locality to volunteer. Declining the
command of a company he entered the company
of (}ai)tain Kennedy ,uid served with distinc-
tion in the campaign of General Jackson against
the Creek Indians. His a^^tirate marksman-
sliip soon brought him under the notice of Gen-
eral Jackson and he was frequently detailed to
special service, scouting, etc. One incident he
used to relate with amusing detail as illustrat-
ing "Old Hickory's" violent temj)er and arbi-
trary disposition, was something as follows: He
was very anxious to shoot beeves, so he took his
trusty ritie and started for the cattle-pens near
the camp, but was stopped by a sentinel, w!io
refused to let him pass without the countersign.
He returned to General Jackson to get it, l)ut
lie was in one of his humors and refused to let
him have it, saying that h»^ had sent him out to
shoot beeves and not to get the countersign.
That was enough for Mr. Tiriston. He walked
back to the line of the sentinel's beat and began
to shoot down the cattle on the hillside at long
range. On learning what was being done. Jack-
80!i ordered the sentry to let "that d — d siiarp-
sliooter pass the lines." From Kentucky, Mr.
Briston emigrated to Illinois, where he engaged
with great bravery in the Black Hawk war. In
1845 he crossed the plains to tJalifornia and
tbencfe Oregon in 1840, settling in the npj)er
fork of (ho Willamette river and built the tirst

house in Lane county. He located lands tor
himself and his family, who catne out in 1848.
He established the first school district in Lane
county, and he was prominent in State and
county organization.

James M. Herw];-ii^ks and wife settled in Hen-
derson county, Illinois, ind followed farming
until 1848, when they crosE'^d the plains to
Oregon, with ox teams and a nun\ijer of loose
cattle. Their trip was uneventful, except the
frequent stainpeding of their cattle by the
Buifalo Indians and Mormons, ('rossing by
Barlow route, they arrived in Oregon in Octo-
ber, following, joining Elijah Briston at I'leas-
ant Hill. They then engaged in farming and the
stock business.

T. G. Hendricks was educated in the tirat
district school and at the Cascade Academy in
the same locality. Remaining on the farm un-
til 1858 he then came to Eugene and entered
the store of E. L. Briston as clerk, and in
1860 bought an interest in the business, which
was a mercantile one. The firm of E. L. Bris-
ton & Company was then established. In 1800
they erected the tirst brick building that was
put np in Lanecounty on the northwest corner of
Willamette and Ninth streets, which they occu-
pied for mercantile purposes. In 187;J Mr.
Briston sold his interest to W. W. Briston and
he died in 1874. Through his death Mr. Hen-
dricks became sole owner and pro|)rietor and
continued the store until 1884, when he sold
the stock, but still owns the building. In 1883
the partnership of Hendricks & Eakin was or-
ganized to conduct a banking business. They
erected a two story brick building 20x05 feet
for bank purposes, on West Willamette street,
between Eighth and Nintti, and manifested
their enterprising spirit by introilucing pi: te
glass into their front finish. Januiiry, 1884,
they opened their doors for banking purposes
with an authorized capital of 850,000, continu-
ing until February, 1886, they then reorganized
and established the First National Bank of Eu-
gene, with a paid up ca|iital of $50,000. Mr.
Hendricks was elected president and he contin-
ues in that capacity.

He owns 160 acres of land adjoining Eu-
gene, known as Ilendrick's addition to College
I'ark. and other valuable residence and busi-
ness property, including his residence on West
Ninth street.

He was married in 18()1, his wife surviving
but a few years, leaving one daughter, Ida B.,

lit"

r)92

niSTOHY OF OJifCGOX.

iiuw wil'u ol' F. L. Chiiiiiburs, a ]in)iiiiiiC'iit liaril-
warc inofcaiit of Eii^eiio. Mr. llciulricks mar-
ried aijaiii in ICiiucnc, in 18(J7, to ^[iss ^fartiia
A. Stuwart, dauohtur of Klias Stewart, pioneer of
1852. They liave iind two children, Ada D.
and llnhy V.

Mr. Hendricks is a Democrat in politics and
was elected one of the lirst Counuilinen of Eu-
ireiie. lie has served several terms in that ca-
j)aeity and one term as ]\Iayor. lie served
eijj;lit years as superintendent of schools, and in
1880 was elected Senator from Lane county.
lie was one of the organizers of the I'niversity
of Oregon, was a incmhor of the hnildinfj com-
mittee, and has held the position of regent and
chairman of the executive comuiittee sii ",ethe
incorporation. lie was one of the organizers of
the EuiTcne Water Works in 1887, and lias con-
tinned as tlirector. lie is a menil)er of I. (). (). V.
and is recognized as one of tlie ablest business
men of Eugene.

—:$-»'

«|li»®®f€*^-

§()N. JOHN II. .McCLUNG, one of the
rej)resentative men of Eugene, was born in
Seneca county, Ohio, September 10, 1837.
His father, JaiTie.-; L. McOluni;, was a native of
Seneca, New York, but removed to Ohio about
1834, and was engaged in contractino- and build-
ing. He was married in that State to Miss
(Cynthia L. Parsons, rcn aining in Seneca
county until 1844, then removed to La Porto
county, Indiana, continuing his trade until his
death in 1850. His widow subsequently mar-
ried Bell Jennings, a merchant of La J'ortc
county, and in 1850 the entire family removed
to Oregon and located at Eugene (-ity.

John H. was educated in Indiana and began
his mercantile life at the age of fourteen in the
Btore of his stepfather. When he went to Ore-
gon. He first visited the old home in Seneca
county. New York, and from there to New
York city. From there be embarked fer < )re-
gon via Isthmus of i'anama. In crossing the
Isthmus he was in that terrible railroad accident
that killed sixty people and wounded many
more, but Mr. McClung was uninjured. Pro-
ceeding by steamer from Panama, the journey
was uneventful and lu^ ultimately landed at
Eugene City, Oregon, Juno 2, 1850. John
purchased a farm six miles west of town and
farmed until 1858, when he with his family.

who came later, removed to Eugene. John
then attended school through the winter and
in the spring of 1859 bought with Thomas
Uelshaw, a drug store of L. Danforth, being
the only drug store in Lane county. This
partnership contir.ued until 1803, when they
sold out to Air. Jennings and startrd for the
Salmon river mines, packing acr6s8 the mount-
ains. Duly arriving, they purchased claims
of Ilev. (-rustavus llines and cleared grubs and
mined through the summer, liarely piiyi'ig
expenses, however, so in the fall he returned to
Eugene. Mr. McClimg then purchased a half
in the drug business with his stepfather aiul
contitiued in that business ut;til 1800. At
the same time he was deputy in the Sur-
veyor-General's ofiice, the two positions occupy-
ing his time from early morn to ten o'clock
at night. In 1806 he returned to farming
near Oreswell where he and Mr. Jennings had
purchased 400 acres of lapd and in 1808 he
itought ilr. Jennings' interest. In tliat fall
ho returned to Eugene and to the Surveyor-
General's oliice, and studied surveying and in
the spring of 180'.*, took a contract for govern-
ment woik east of the moulitains with J. W.
Meldrum. Securing new contnacts each season
Mr. McClung continued surveying until tho
fall of 1872, but returned to his farm in the
spring of 1878 and remained there for three
years, when he was elected superintendent of
Lane County Mercantile Association, composed
of Lane county grangers, with store established
at Eugene, lie continued in this jiosition un-
til January 1, 1883, when he entered into part-
nership with A. .I.Johnson and purch.'ised the
entire stock and conducted tho same as a gen-
eral merchandise store until November 22, 1890,
when Air. .lohnson retired from the business
and Mr. McClung continued it aloncs dealing
only in dry goods, clothing and boots and shoes.

Air. McClung was married to Miss Kate Hen-
derson, daughter of Rev. ,f. 11. D. Henderson,
a pioneer of 1852, a gentleman of considerable
prominence. He was elected to Congress.

Mr. and Mrs. McClung have three children,
Jessie 15. , Margaret L. and Ina I). The family
reside on the corner of Tenth and High streets,
where Mr. Mc('lung built in 187*. He is
prominent in Ilepublican politics, and in 1874
waselect(Hl to the liCgis'alure, though the county
was strongly Democratic. With the incorpor-
ation of Eugene he was elected one of tlieCoun-
cilmen aii<l has served in that capacity nearly

ttisTORY or ORSaON.

ever since. In April, 1891, he was elected
Mayor of tlic citv, whidi oflice lie now holds.
Ilo is an able nianaf^or, a wise adviser and is
deeply iiiterei.ted in every enterprise toward
developing his ailopted city. He is a niemlier
of Si)encer Hutte Lodge. No. 9, I. <). O. F., in
which he has passed the chairs, and of En<i;ene
Lodge No. 15. A. (). U. W.

ll.LiAM WILSON, one of tlie solid
and reliable fanners of Washington
county, Oregon, eanio to the State in
1843. and is a native of Arkansas, born May
1, 1820. His grandfather, John Wilson, was
boi'n in Ireland, and when eight years of age
crossed the ocean with his father, who was a
JiOyalist, ai\d was killed in his own yard during
the Revolutionary war. The grandfather set-
tled in Kentucky, and there married Miss Eliza-
beth Friend, and about the year 1800 they re-
moved to Arkansas. He was a sadler, antl also
a farmer, lived to a good old age, and died in
that State. His children were: .lames, .loseph,
Thomas, John, William F., and Sarah; Sarah
married John Pierce Wilson, and William Wil-
son, the subject of this sketch, was their only
child. The father was born and reared in
Kentucky, whence he emigrated to Arkansas.
He died in 1854, the mother havini; died a
number of years previously. When a lad. the
subject of this notice had heard his grandfather
say: " If I was a young man I would go to Cal-
ifornia.'" When he was a little older he read a
book giving a description of the country, writ-
ten by Captain Linn; heard men talk of the
I'acific coast, and decided that there would be
the place to go to make a home and a fortune.
He was young and full of the spirit of adven-
ture, so in 1843 he joined himself to ihe emi-
gration, and that year crossed the plains to
Oreifon. The first wagon train that came the
whole way throi:gh was the one to which he
was attached.

In 1841 he had married Miss Mary Mills, a
nativ(> of Indiana, who was born in 1820, and
was the daughter of Mr, Isaac Mills. One
child, John R., was born in their Eastern home,
anil with his young wife and son, our subject
undertook the great journey. The company
gathered together near Westj)ort, Missouri, near
the Kansas line, where they remained until tiie

18th of May. This was the first great emigra-
tion, and consisted of about 1.000 souls. They
were thoroughly equipped for the journey, and
were well armed for that time. They made a
wonderfully successful journey, considering that
there was"no road, and that no wagons had been
through the Dalles before. At Fort Hall they
were urged to leave the wagons, and were told
that it would be impossible to go through with
them, but Dr. Whitman insisted that it could
be done, so they took his advice and accom-
plished it. At the Dalles Air. Wilson engaged an
Indian to carry himself and wife and baby, with
their effects, across to Vancouver. At the head
of the Cascades the company camped for the
night. The late ex-Senator Nesmith, of Oregon,
was sergeant of the guard which protected the
company on the plains. In the morning Mr.
Wilson found that his Indian had left him, and
he was obliged to go back up the river to get
another Indian, at the Indian village. It was
night when he arrived, and as they all refused
to accompany him until morning, he was obliged
to camp out all alone. The second Indian took
them to Vancouver. The next settlement was
Oregon City, and to that place he went in
search of work, which he was sticcessfnl in ob-
taining, but was anxious to find a donation
claim, so he came up the Willamette river with
a Mr. Fletcher, and then traversed Washington
county on foot. After looking the country over,
he decideil upon G40 acres of land, where he
now resides. The family came to live on this
place in March, 1844, he having built a little
cheap cabin of poles. He says he was able to
roll a pretty f.;ood-sized log at that time. Here
they begin with little, but kept ai work, per-
severed and prospered, but his dear wife sick-
ened iiiid di(il in Jauuars , leaving him with
two little children, Rachel being the second
child. This was a terrible bereavement in a
strange new land. He placed iiis children where
they would be cared for. with his wife's brother
and vite, and then went to the gold diggings of
Calilornia, and he engaged in mining on the
north fork of the American river. Here he was
very successful, taking out two or three ounces
per day. In the fall he returned to Oregon,
bringing back wiMi him quite a little sack of
gold, and in 1850 ho married Mrs. Sarali Ted-
well, the widow of .Mr. Itoland Tedwell. She
was a native of Alabama, and her maiden name
had been I'hilips, coming to <)r.>gon in 1847.
l>y this union seven children w;'ie born: Will-

I it

1^1

pMl

,'ii)4

IIISTOHY OF OHKnON.

iiiin, wlio is oil part of the land; Tlidiims .F..
wlio died July 13, 18l»l. in his tliirty-nintli
year; Mnry F., now Mrs. TlioniRo Fowler, re-
sides in Ililisboio; Minerva .lane lieeaine the
wife of Hon. .1. C. Moore, of Greenville; James
II., residing on the farm; Flora, now Mrs. Hen-
ry Carson, who resides near her father; and
Annie, now Mrs. Wort Bacon, resides in Pori-
land. Mrs. Wilson died May 18, 1891. She
had lieen his faitiiful wife tor forty-one years,
and had lieeii a kind and indulgent mother.
Mr. Wilf 11 has parried on ireneral fanning, and
after a few ytare, a good, snbsiantial hewed-log
house took the jilace of the jiole house, and
later lie linilt a nice residence, and now is resid-
in a still better one that he has lately liuilt. He
has heen a ineiiiher ot tlie Masonic fraternity tor
a nnniher of years, and a stanch Kepuhliean
since the orfranization of the jiarty. He has
always declined ottiee, only consentiiifj to be a
Justice of the Peace, which otHce he retained
for a number of years. For forty-nine years
Mr. Wilson has been a resident of Oregon, and
has led here an honoralile, nprigbt life, and is
one "f the most solid and reliable men of Wash-
ington eonnty, a good representative of the
brave Oregon pioneers of 1843.

H. TANNKU. - Prominent among the
legal profession of Oregon, and a native
•^ of the Territory, formerly embraced by
Oregon, bnt which, upon division beeanie
Washington, we find the subject of this sketch,
Jii'lge A. II. Tanner, who was born September
9, 1855. His lather, I>enjaniiii F. Tanner, was
a native of Kentucky, where his ancestors liad
lived for generations, engaged in agricultural
pursuits. In 1850 he crossed the plains to
Oregon, where he arrived safely, after the usual
incidents of that long and perilous journey. In
1851 bo was married to Miss Sarah Turner of Ore-
gon, but a native of Missouri, w.ho came to the
Territory of Oregon late in the forties. Locat-
ing upon 320 acres on the north side of the
Columbia river, Mr. Tanner followed farming
for a number of years, then removed to \'aui
Hill county, Oregon, and now resides with his
son in the city of Portland.

The boyhood of A. H. Tanner was passed
uiion the farm, and his education completed at
Alonmouth College, Polk county, where lie

graduated in 1874. In 1875 lie came (o Port-
land and commenced the study of law in tlie
office of Dolph, Hronaugh, Dolph and Simon,
and excepting one year, at teaching school, lie
followed his studies until 1871), when he passed
before the Supreme Court in his examination, at
Salem, and was at once admitted to the bar.
He then commenced to practice at Portland and
subsequently formed a partnership with Judge
J. C. Moreland, whicli continueil until 1883.
In 1884 he was ajipointed City Attorney, whicli
position he held continuously until 1887, when
lie entered into partnership with Senator John
H. Mitchell, and the tirm of Mitchell & Tan-
ner is still continued. In 1889 Mr. Tanner was
apjiointed Police Judge, which position he re-
signed in April, 1891, to devote liis entire time
to his increasing jiractice. The .Judge has fol-
lowed a general practice, which has been quite
large and quite suc-essful. For several years
he was attorney for the estate of Ben Ilolladay,
an intricate and complicated litigation, from
which he secured a considerable sum for the
legal representatives.

.Judge Tanner was married in Sjiringfield,
Lane county, Oregon, in 1880, to Aliss Sarah
Marcilla Kelly, a native of Oregon, and daugh-
ter of Hon. .John Kelly, ex-Collector of Customs
at the port of Portland, an Oregon pioneer of
1840, and still residing at Springfield.

Mrs. Tanner has borne her hnsbaud three
children, viz.: Albert H., Henrietta E. and
John M.

The J udge is a member of the Portland Lodge,
No. 55, F. & A. M., and Ivanhoe Lodge, No.
10, K. of P. He was one of the incorporators
of the Citizen's Real Flstate and Investment
Company, and is a director of the West I'ort-
land I'ark Association, and has private inter-
ests in residence ])roperty about the city. He
is endowed with keen foresight and sound judg-
ment, and being of a studious nature, his suc-
cess is merited. He is an honor to the profes-
sion to which he belongs.

-^-^■►^

fOIIN R. DUFF, Clerk of the Circuit Court
of the Fourth .Judicial District of Oregon,
is a native of Perthshire, Scotland, born
January 10, 1850. His paternal ancestry were
agriculturists, and for upward of 200 years
were located upon the same farm, engaged in

■-*l^

HISTOIcr OF ORKGON.

695

tlie stock industry. His mother was of the
Kohertson family, proiiiiiieiit in hiisiness inter-
ests in tiio loeaiity of Pertiisiiire. Onr snbject
was the youngest of four ciiildren, and Ijeing
studiously inclined, at the age of live years
comnienced his education, which he subse-
quently completed at the Perthshire Seminary
in 18(54. lie was then removed from school,
and was apprenticed to James Ritchie, an emi-
nent civil engineer of Perthshire, to receive in-
struction in the science of architecture and
engineering; but with no ambition in those
ilirections, the duties became very irksome, and
after four years of plodding effort, upon the
death of his father in 1868, he secured a re-
lease from his apprentictMnent and struck out
for America. Meeting upon the steamer the
superintendent of an Arizona mine, young Duff
was induced to try his fortunes in that locality,
and at Wickeiiburg, Arizona, as a day laborer
in a quartz mine, he perfortned the hrst hard
work of his life. Unaccustoinod to exposure
and hardship, lie contracted chills and fever,
and after nine months of sickness he sought the
more genial climate of California, arriving in
June, 1809.

He then journeyed to the quicksilver mines
of Pope valley, Napa county, and there mined
until 1872, when be went to San Francisco and
procured a situation as deputy to Colonel Steven-
son, the United States Shipping Commissioner,
and in that department remained for six years.
Mr. Duff came to Portland, Oregon, in 1879,
and in the iail of that ye'ir, upon the organiza
tion of the free delivery system, he secured a
position from George E. Cole, Postmaster-
General, as the first carrier who went out of
that ottice, and after nine months he was pro-
moted to the position of Money Order Clerk,
which position he held for three years, when,
because of long hours and too close application
to the gaslight, his eyes gave out, and the sight
of one was entirely lost. The latter part of his
service was under George A. Steel, as Post-
master, and the resignation of Mr. Duff was re-
ceived with regret, as by his efilcient service he
had become a valuable man in the department.
He then accepted the position as chief deputy
under J. C. Cartwright, Collector of the United
States Internal Itevenue, after a brief engage-
ment. He then accepted a position under F.
N. Shurtleff, Collector of Customs, as weigher
and ganger, which place he filled over four years.
In May, 1888, lie received the nomination.

upon the Republican ticket, of (Jlerk of the
Circuit Court, and was elected in June of the
sanu' year, by a large majority, and was re-
elected in June, 1890, with an increased majority.
Mr. Duff was tnarried in San Franciseo, in
1878, to Miss Elizabeth Adams Reed, daughter
of Charles Reed, a prominent and successful
financier and stock-broker of San Francisco.
Mr. Duff has made himself popular with the
legal profession, by his genial good nature, bis
accurate business methods, and his prompt at-
tendance to the duties of the court.

ILLI AM JASPER MINTO is a native
of the State of Oregon, born April 27,
1855, five miles south of Salem, upon
the donation claim of his father, Hon. John
Minto. In his youtii he enjoyed the educa-
tional advantages afforded by the Willamette
University, and at the age of fourteen years he
went to learn the blacksmiths' trade; he worked
at the plow factory, and upon the suspension of
this establishment ho was variously employed
until its reorganization; he then continued his
term of apprenticeship, and when it was finished
went into the foundry of the Salem Iron Works,
where he was engaged as molder for four years.
In the spring of 1876 he purchased one-half
interest in a band of 1,700 sheep, drove them
east of the mountains to Rock creek, and re-
mained there until the fall of 1879, at which
time the herd had increased to 7,747. Tlie
winter snows continuing for ninety-three days,
from lack of feed and massing together, 6,197
bead were lost; the pelts of these were sold for
$1,687. In the spring of 1880 they closed out
the balance of the herd, and returned to Salem.
Mr. Minto then secured the sand contract for
the insane asylum, the hauling of which con-
tinued through the summer. In the fall he
purchased an interest in the truck and dray
business of Colonel Morgan, and in 1883 bought
the entire concern, which he consolidated with
the Salem Truck and Dray Company, owned by
O. G. Savage. In the fall of 1884 the busi-
ness was divided, Mr. Minto retaining the livery
department, which he operated alone until 1886;
he then sold a one-fourth interest to D. C.
Minto, and the firm of Minto Bros, continued
until 1888. D. C. Minto then sold his interest
to W. S. Low, and the present firm of Minto &

59(1

uisTonr OF orkooN.

I \

; r. i|
111 i 'I

Low was ostiiblislied. Tlioy have a fiiio ^talilu
at thy corner of Court ami Hif^li streets, and
conduettlie leadincr livery business of tiie ])lace.
They keep an average of twenty-tive liorses,
light and heavy wagons, and very complete
eiliiipinents; they also hoard about thirty horses
for business men of the city.

Mr. Minto was married in Salem, in ( )('tober,
ISTt). to Miss ^[illnie K. ityrne, u native of
Oi'egon, who died .June 18, 187'J, leavinif one
son. named Frank Addison. Mr. Minto was
married a second time, March 18, 1883, to Mies
I^uella I'owell, a native of Oregon; they have
one child, ISuena May. Our worthy subject is
a member of Chemeket . Lodge, iNo. 1. \. O.
( >. K. ; he has been once elected a member of
the City Council, by the Kepublican party, from
the Fourth Ward, lie is a young man of many
excellent traits, conducts his luisiness in the
most exemplary manner, and has the regard and
esteem of all who know him.

C. IlOWAllI) is a native of the State of

Ohio, bcirn in Lawience county in 1828.

■^ 11 is father was burn at Richmond Heights,

Virginia, his ancestors beinj; amoiifj the colon-
el o r^

ists of that State, he was a soldier of the war
of 1812, being under General .laekson at New
Orleans; thert! he was wounded so seriously that
he was ever afterwar<l a cripple; he died in
183(5, at the age of eighty two years. lie was
twice married, and was the father of ten chil-
dren: 1). C. Howard, the youngest of the family,
passed his youth on his father's farm in Ohio,
and at the age of twelve years was ileprived of
the guidance and wise counsel of his father;
his mother was sjiared to him. and he remained
with her until his marriage in 1847. At Iron-
ton, Lawrence county, Ohio, he was united to
Miss Carrie A. Ilattield, a native of Pittsburg,
Pennsylvania. He at once settled on a farm,
which he cultivated until lsr)2, when he enlisted
in Company F, One Hundred and Sevetiteenth
Ohio Vohinteer Infantry; lie was afterward
transferred to the First Ohio Heavy Artillery,
Colonel Hawley in command. Upon the or-
ganization of the Company Mr. Howard was
elet'ted Sergeant; he was assigned to the De-
partment of the Cumberland, and his first en-
gagement was at Big Sandy, and later at J^ex-
ington, where for brave conduct he was pro-

moted to the ofHce of Second-iiieuteiumt, a po-
sition he held until the close of the war. After
Lee's surrender the reifimeiit was stationed at
Knoxville, and in August, 18()5, was returneil
to Cam]! Dennison, Ohio, and there mustered
out of the service.

Mr. Howard then came back to his home in
Ohio, where he resided until 180',); in that
year he reim)ved to Rock Island county, Illi-
nois, and there learned the carpenters' trade,
which he followed until 1872; at this time he
removed to Antelope county, Nebraska, where
he lost heavily through the scourge of grass-
hoppers and the financial crash of 1873; he
worked at his trade until 1875, when he came
to Oregon, and settled at Ilalsey, Linn county;
here he took up his old vocation and in connec-
tion therewith housemoving; he conducted a
thriving business until 1878, when he removed
to Salem, and purchased his present place at
451 Marion street, which has since been his
home. Jle has continued the business of mov-
ing houses, and has met with gratifying suc-
cess. As his meann have increa.sed he has in-
vested in property in North and South Salem,
and now owns some valuable real estate.

Mr. and Mrs Howard are the parents of eight
children, six of whom are living: William J.,
Joseph K., Silas K. ; Henrietta L., wife of J.
W. Phillips; Carrie A., wife of N. II. Hurley;
and George B. Mr. Howard is a member of
Sedgwick Post, (t. a. R. lie worthily repru-
scnted the interests of the city as Street Com-
missioner in 1885 and 1880. He is a man of
good business ability, ami has the respect and
confidence of the entire community.

fOlIN SAVAGE, .lu., proprietor of the
Salem Truck and Dray Company, was born
at Richfiel.l, Ohio, in" 1834. His father,
John Savage, was a native of the State of New
York, and was a mechanic by tra<le; he emi-
grated to Michigan with the pioneers of that
section when the s d)ject of this sketch was hut
four years of age, and when the whole country
was a wilderness iniiabited by the hostile Indian.
Here the father worked at his trade, followed
agricultural pursuits, and reared a large family
of children. Our sutiject was thus surrounded
in his youth by the wild scenes and adventur-
ous experiei'ces of the frontier. In 1853 the

BtSTORt OF OREGON.

59t

son t'oUowcJ the tide of wustcrn emigration,
and witli ii siniiU band of men started to ('aii-
fornia; tliey gathered a l)and of 1,850 slieep,
and after five months of weary travel arrived in
the (lolden State, their band decreaaed by four
luindred liead; they considered this a small loss,
iiowever, and tiiat the journey imd been suc-
cessfully performed. After disposiiiir of the
sheep Mr. Savage went to Yuba county, and
followed mining there, remained until 1854. In
that year he came to Oregon to visit his brother,
M. L. fSavai^e, who was a pioneer of 1847, and
afterward State Senator. After s[)ending a year
in Orejjon, Mr. Savage returned to the East,
going via the Isthmus.

In 1861 he enlisted for a term of three years
from Uass C(Minty, Michigan, in Company G,
Eleventh Michigan Volunteer Infantry, Colo-
nel William J. May. The regiment was as-
signed to the Army of the Cumberland, under
General Thomas, and after the first battle at
Stone river they were in the engagements at
Atlanta, Chickamauga, Missionary Itidge, Chat-
tanooga, and many others of less importance,
always at the front in the thick of the light.
They were mustered out at Sturgis, Michigan,
October 15, 1804, and of the 1,028 men en-
listed, but 33(5 were present to be mustered out
of the service, and fully four fifths of them (^ir-
ried wounds and scars from the battle. Mr.
Savage was never wounded, but his face was
blistered fro]n the close passage of a ininie
ball, and his clothing and blankets were riddled
with balls. After his discharge he returned to
Cass county, Michigan, and followed farming.

lie was married at Marcellus, Michigan, in
1858, to Miss Harriet Messenger, a native of
Ohio. He (continued his agricultural pursuits
until 1872, when he removed to Oregon, and
rented land in Marion county; here he farmed
until 1882, when he bought a tract of 289
acres on Salem prairie, three miles east of
Salem. ' This land 'le found very productive;
his crop of wheat '.n 1888, from new land,
averaged fifty-five bushels, and from land that
had been in use forty years, thirty-three bush-
els; similar land returned soventy-tive bushels
of oats. His success was widely publislied,
and letters from the East were frecjuently re-
ceived asking for particulars. He sold his
farm in 1889, and moved his family to Salem,
where he bought a residence on High and
Bridge streets.

In 1886 Mr. Savage bought an interest in the

Saluni Hack and Dray Coin|)any, in fact pur-
chased the entire concern, and changed the
name to the Salem Truck and Dray Company,
which he h.'is mar.agad with gratifying s\u'ces8;
he does a general delivery business through the
city, using tive heavy trucks and two single
drays, all of wriich are ke|)t steadily employed.
He also does a good business in hay, sti'aw,
grain and wood at his storeroom. No. 32 Statu
street.

Mr. and Mrs. Savage have four children:
(ieorge L.; Xellie H.. wife of F. V.Cooper;
Mark H. and Mert. Our subject is a member
of Sedgwick I'ost. No. 10, G. A. R., and in
politics is a Ilepul>lican. stanchly supporting
the issues of the party.

S. LAMPORT has for more than two dec-
ades represented the harness-making
I* industry of Salem, and is numbered
among the most highly respected citizens. He
was born at Woodstock, Upper (Jatiada, in
1844, a son of Edward Lamjjort, a native of
England, who was a prominent wheat commis-
sion merchant at Woodstock. He received his
education in the Dominion, and in 18G3 he
went to New Haven, Connecticut. Though a
youth of eighteen years he enlisted as bugler in
Company E, First Connecticut Cavalry, under
Colonel Ives; they were forwarded to the front
and did faithful service under (ienerals Kilpat-
rick, Custer and Sheridan in the battles of Shen- '
undoah valley, and before Petersburg. After
the close of the war the regiment participated
in the grand review at Washington, and then
did [)rovost duty until August, 18(io, when
they returned to New Haven. Mr. Lamport
theti went to Hinghamton, New York, with an
army friend, Charles Deliber by name, who was
a harness-maker, and with him he learned the
trade. In 1808 he returned to Canada, but
soon after determined to join his brother in
Oregon. He first found employment at Ore-
gon City, and there followed his trade until No-
vember, 18(59, when he came to Salem and
opened a liarness shop. In the year 1873 he
removed to his present store at 289 Commercial
street. He carries a choice stock of fine har-
ness, blankets, saddles and horse furnishings,
and manufactures all his heavy grade stock.
In 1880 Mr. Lan>Dort was married to Miss

SOS

aisTonr op ohkoon.

Lilly n. StevoiiB of San Fnincicro, a daiigliter
of Dudley Stevens, a piimcer of Caiifurniii.
Two children have hecii horn of tiiis* inarria^i-,
Merrill and Frederick. He has one child hy
a former marriage, named Kdward. Our siih-
jeet Ib a memher of the (i. A. K. and the A. O.
U. \V. Fie owns the huildinij which he occu-
pieH, a two-story brick, and in IHHCy he --fected
a brick biiilditij^ of the same size at 309 Com-
mercial street. In 1892 he also erected a tine
residence in the city. He has been closely de-
voted to business, has striven to attain snccesH,
and fully merits the reward of his labors.

-*»'

^-Mxasxl^i*^-*^

fAPTAIN CLEVELAND ROCKWELL,
Chief of the United States Coast and (ieo-
detic Survey of Oregon, was born in
Youiigstowii, Oh o, ill 1H3B, and represents the
eifjiith generation by direct descent from Gov-
ernor Bradford, of I'uritan fame. The family
have been distinguished in both the ministry
and the law. The father of the Captain, Ed-
ward Kockwell, was born in West Winsted,
Connecticut, was educated at Yale and admitted
to the bar in his native State. He was married
in New Haven, Connecticut, to Matilda 1). Sal-
ter, of English descent; they were among the
pioneers of tiiat part of Ohio known as the
Western Reserve. Four children were born to
them, two of whom survive: Captain Rockwell
and Mrs. Isaacs of New York city (1892.)
(Meveland Rockwell was educated at the Poly-
technic sc1io(j1 at Troy, and at the University of
New York; he was graduated in 1856, and en-
gineering having been a special study he im-
mediately received an appointment in the
United States Coast Survey; he was stationed
oil the Atlantic coast, but in 1861 he was de-
tailed to the War Department for topographical
duty, and was attached to the staff of different
commanding ofHcers with the rank of Captain.
He performed service of the highest value: first,
at the headquarters of General McDowell be-
fore and after the battle of Bull Run he sur-
veyLid from Alexandria to Chain Bridge for the
defense of Washington. On the Port Royal
expedition he was attached to the staff of Gen-
eral I. I. Stevens at Beaufort; to the staff of
General John G. Foster at Newburn, North
(/arolina, he surveyed the enemies country, and
broke up the picket lines. He was afterward

with General Sclioficld at Knoxville, Tenn(*8see,
and then with (Teneral Sherman on the Caro-
lina campaign, and until the close of the war;
in 1865 lie was relieved from duty.

Upon the request of the United States Co-
lumbia, South America, to our (xoveriiinent to
make a survey and plans for navigation of the
Magdalena river. Captain Kockwell volunteered
to join the exjiedition iin<ler Colonel (tilbert
and (Japtain West, and devoted seven months
to this work; when this was completed he was
ordered to (/alifornia, and was there associated
with Prof. George Davidson, making surveys
about Point Conception and the channel and
harbor of Santa Barbara. He was ordered to
Oregon in 1868, as (Jliief of the Coast and (4eo-
detric Survey, with headquarters at Astoria.
He made many important surveys about the
mouth of the Columbia river, and along the
coast sixty miles south, which at that time was
utterly wild and unknown. He made a careful
survey of the ('olumbia river as far as Portland,
and his charts liave done much to lessen the
dangers of navigation and to open it up to the
shipping interests of the world. For several
years the Captain has been stationed at Port-
land. He has given much attention to art and
literature, and in these subjects finds great di-
version and repose after the strain of mathemat-
ical calculation so necessary to his profession.
The illustrations of capes, headlands and islands
in "The Coast Pilot of California, Oregon and
Washington," axe the clever work of the Cap-
tain, and show great skill and taste in pen and
ink drawing; his descriptive articles on the Co-
lumbia river, and his paper upon the "Physical
Geography of the Northwest" manifest deep re-
search and unusual literary ability.

Captain Rockwell is commander of the Lin-
coln-Garfield Post, G. A. R., and of the Loyal
Legion Coinnianderv of Oregon.

— ^*-

«^

-kJ:—

flllLIP METSCHAN, State Treasurer of
Oregon, was born in Germany, March 24,
1840. He improved the few educational
advantages offered liim until he was fourteen,
when he began to take care of himself. His
first step was to cross the Atlantic ocean to join
his uncle, Frederick Shirike, then living at Cin-
cinnati, (.)liio. When he arrived there in Janu-
ary, 1855, he had just $3.75 in his pocket. He

umrouY OF ohkuon.

remniiieil witli his iiiicle alKiiif tlin'u years, ami
wliilo tliure leHiiU'il the tnulo of butcher, ami
also spent ail his spare time in nciiiiiring ii
knowledge of the hmgiiiige ol' tlie country of liis
adoption. The chief way in which he attained
his ot)ject was l)y rea<iing the daily newspaper:-
In lN5i) he followed the ailvice "Go west young
man, go west " and stopping at St. Louis and
Peoria, by the way, settled at J.i'uvo'iworth,
Kansas, where he started in business and con
tinned there until the excitenic jit of Pike's Peak
in 18(10. He is one of those who dropping
everythinj.' starts off for those delusive mines.
Mr. Metscluin, however, when he reached ('ali-
f'ornia Gulch found that there was more money
to he obtained by opening a market, and this
he carried on until the fall, with success, when
he returned to Leavenworth, hi the spring of
1801 he again crossed the plains and hearing of
the tiring upon Sumter he tried to enlist at
Fort Kearney, but as the first call for 75,tl00
men was filled, he went on to California Gulch
and continued the butcher business about four
nionths, and then started for California, arriving
at Sacramento in October of the same year.
He then worked as a farm hand through the
winter and spring, and then started for the Cari-
bou mines, in Pritish Columbia, but reaching
Victoria and hearing that tlie mines werea fail-
ure, he came to Portland, O egon, and after
looking about the State, in the spring of 1803
he went to the John Day mines in Wasco
county, now Grant county, and settled at
Canon City, which was the chief mining camp,
lie then mined and followed his trade until
June, 18(i0, when lie opened a market and fol-
lowed the business of butcher, with marked
success until September, 1873. when he settled
up his business with a view to taking a trip to
Germany, but changing his mind remained
inactive until September, 1878, and then he
formed a partnership with F. C. Sels, John Mc-
Collongh, and F*ennis McAulifi'and engaged in
general merchandise business, which they con-
tinued successfully until 1888, doing a very
large and very profitable business.

Mr. Metschan entered into political life in
1868, when he was nominated on the Kepublican
ticket and elected for County Treasurer of
Grant county, which position he occupied for
four years. In that year he was the only Re-
publican officer elected, F. C. Sels was elected
State Senator, but was not seated; the county
being strongly Democratic. In 1876 he was

elected County Clerk, and in 1882 was nomi-
iied and elected Comity .liidgc for a term of
ioiir years. During his term of otlice they built
the county courtiiouse of (irant county. In
IHSO he was a candidate for the ofHcc of Secre-
tary of State, but was defeated by (r. W. Mc-
IJride, the present incumbent. In November,
1888, he was appointed by the (Jounty Court to
be Clerk of Grant c(.iinty, and served two years.
In 18(KI, out of the nine candidates before the
liejiublican State Convention, he was nominated
lor the position of State Treasurer, and was
elected with a niajnrity of 7,621 votes, his oppo-
nent licing G. W. Webb, the late incumbent.
Mr. Metschan moved his family to Salem, where
he will reside during his term of office.

He was married at Cafion City, June 5,
1^''''>, to Mary ('. Schaum, a native of Germany.
Till children have been born to these two, nine
of wlioiu survive, five sons and four daughters.

Mr. Metschan has risen to the thirty-second
degree in masonry ud for seven years has been
master of the lodge of Knights Templars. lie
is also a very prominent member in the order
1. O. O. !'., having tilled the positions of Grand
Master, Grand Patriarch and Grand liepresenta-
tive to the Sovereign (iraiid Lodge at Denver
in 1887 and Los Angeles in 1888. He is also a
member of the A. (). U. W., Hope Lodge, No. 1,
of Portland.

He takes a deep interest in the growth and
development of Grant coimty, where, for twels'e
years, lie has been u school director and aided
materially in the building of a tim school-
house. As a financier he is held in liigh
esteem, and considered a worthy representative
of the State in the oftice of srust which he now
occupies.

tOUIS G. PFUNDEIiis one of the repre-
sentative florists of the city of Portland,
born in Baden, Germany, in 1845. His
ancestors were from Brundruit, France, but for
nearly 100 years had lived at Baden, and for
sixty consecutive years the family had been in
Government employ as Postmaster and mail-
carriers for [iie city of Baden. The family was
composed of ten children, our subject being the
sixth in order of birth. He lived at home and
attended the public schools, until his fourteenth
year, when he procured an apprenticeship with

duo

HtSfOUY OF OIIKUON.

llc'itz, tlio fiimoiiH lloiist ami liui'ticiiltiirist of
Svvitzerhmil, wliosu j,'ret'iilioiiKcrt are (•i'lt'l)i'at(Mi
tln'oiiglidiit the uiitirc country. Willi liitii our
Hiiliject remniiiocl tlireo year- and loarnetl every
detail of the cure and treatment of plants. He
then went to IJnhveil, Alsace, and with thecele-
hi'ati'd liauniaiL it Company learned the process
of tmddini: and ^'ral'tirii; and the care and treat-
ment of shniUhery and trees. These were dis-
tini^nished nurserymen and applieatioiia were
made a year in advance in order to secure an
apprenticeship with them, as only a limituil iiuni-
iier were taken each year, and those were hound
to remain two years, paying their own hoard
and expenses. Coinjiletini^ his two years' course
Mr. I'f under tiien went to Munich, where he
was employed in the I'alace i^arden for ahout one
year, then to Fraid<fort-on the- Main, where af-
ter a hrief enj^ageinent in the I'alace irarden, he
was drawn in hy the military arrani^ements and
had to return home. The service rccjuiriiii^ lint
a limited nnmher of men, our suhject was re-
leased from all duty and the followinijj ^^a^ch,
ISdti, he set sail for America, laiulinf:; safely in
Mew York. His Hrat engagement was with a
llorist at rniuii Hill, New dersey, with whom
he worked for one year, until ISOS, wiien he
decided to strike for California and try his for-
tune in a new country. Kmharking hy steamer
via I'anaimi, he arrived safely in San [''rancisco.
where ho f((l lowed his profession for one year
and then came to Portland to lay out aiul im-
prove the grounds of William M. l/a<ld, and
superintend the construction of his conservatory.

In 1S70 Mr. Pfunder commenced bu.sinesson
the corner of Clay and Third streets, 8tylin<f liis
garden the "(^ity Park, '" and there remained
until 1878, when he purcliased one half block
cornerinir on Ninth and W^asliinKtou streets
anil there estahlisluMl his garden, and this he
calls his "Orei'on Homesteud, "" it heini; the
first lanil hi' purchased in America. Here ho
erected a series of greenhouses, heated hy hot
water atid arranrfed for the forcing of roses and
other flowering plants for the llorist liusiness,
and also choice semi-tropical plants for ilecora-
tion purposes.

In 1874 Mr. Pfunder was married to Miss
Rosa Zeigler. native of Uerin my, an 1 in 18S3
they made their first trip to their native coun-
try. Iteturning in 1884 Mr. I'fnnder erected
Ids large and commodious house for residence
and florist purposes. In 1890 hepurehnsed four
acres of land at Mount Tabor, for garden pur-

poses, styled the " Iwoseville Nursiiry. " He
has built seven large greenhouoeH which cover
one and one-half acr"s, all heattMl by low ])re8-
sure steam. The entire garden will he devoted
to roses, carnations and fancy shrubberv, and
owing to the iiu'reased value of ids city jiroperty
he ccrutemplates ere<'ting a business block in
town and removing bis garden to Mount Tabor.

^^r. Pfunih'r was the originator of floral ex-
hibitions in ()reg(ui end hestarlecl the first fair
in the skating riiik, corner (>f fourth ami Pine
streets, and t'rom this small beginning resulted
the |)rcsent I'ortlamI Imiustrial Association, of
which he has been a dire<!tor on garden and
music hall exhibits siiu'c its eoneepticm.

.Mr. and .Mrs. Pfumler are the parents of four
children: Rose, Louise, (instave, Lilly Uegena,
Victoria. Mr. Pfunder is a member of Hie
i. (). O. F., but, except as a voter, has given
little time or thought to jiolitics, as his profes-
sion Ims been his life work, and that ho has
brought to a high degree of excellency.

H<)MAS KAY, jiresident and 8U|ierinten-
I dent of the Tliomas Kay Woolen Mill
T^ Company, (incorporated) was born at Ap-
plebridge, Yorkshire, England, in iFune, 1837.
Descended from a I'Uig line of woolen manu-
facturers, he was early trained iti the industry,
and at the age of nine years began systemati-
cally to learn the trade at Sliipler, where he spent
two years in the spinning department, an-l six
years in learning the process and inchods of
weaving in every branch of worsted manufact-
ure. In 1857 he came to Ameri<'a, and turned
his attention to the .nanufacture (d' woolen goods,
finding luiiploymeiit at Cazeuovia, New ^'ork.
At the end of one year he returned to England
to perfect himself in the nnriuf'acture of woolen
goods, and again vi-sitcd the United States in
1851). He secured a position with the Smith
Woolen Manufacturing Coniiiany. at Pbiladel-
I>liia, I'ennsylvania, but afterward wasem])loyed
at Trenton and Newark. In 18fi3 the (dKccrs
of the Brownsville Woolen Mill at Oregon sent
for liiin to come and take charge of their weav-
ing department; he accepted the offer i.ud came
to the State upon a three years' contract. Upon
the burning of the factory in 1805 he wa.i re-
leased, when he took the pucitiun of supeil'iten-
dent of the Dalles "Woolen >[ill: at the end > f a

Hiaroiir of uhkoos.

yi'iir lu' wi'iit to the Asliliiiul Wooluii .Mills, wlieru
111! ri'iiiiiiiicd four yeiirrt as pii|H!iiiitcMiiiMit. \\v
thou rctiinuMl to Siiloin uiiil took cliai'^i' of tin;
wt'iivitii^' (k!|)iii'titiuiit of the Williiiiitittti Woolen
Mill, i'8liilplinhe(l in IS50. [Jpoii the lehiiihl-
\\\\l of the lirownnvillo mill in lS7iJ, Mr. Kiiy
leaned the huililinf,' and oju-rated tht! mill for a
KM'Mi of two years. At the end of that time he
ori^aiiized the lirownsville Woolen Mill C'otn-
patiy. [luri'haAed the mill and ina(diinery. and
eontinneil the liusiness; \w was 8ii|ieriiitenik'nt
and wan also a member of the Hoard of Directors,
J. M. Moyer huinj^ president. 'J'his hiisiiiess
was conducted very Buccessfiilly until 1888,
when n liSHgreoment aro.se in the lirm and the
l)i".,ine.<s was sold out.

.Nfr. Kay then took an extensive trip ahroad,
the first I01.15 vacation he had jrivcn hiins;lf in
thirty years; lie was aoconipaiiied hy his wiTe,
and after a most ph^asnrable tour returned to
Salem. Hero the citizens offered him a cash
bonus of !tt2(M)0() if he would build a $100,()()0
mill in that city. The ])ro|)()sition was accepted,
and in Au<rust,lS8U, he b'.>gan the construction of
the building; he purchased four acres with a tine
water power on Mill creek, convenient to the rail-
road. 'Hien visiting ICastern cities, he made an
inspection of lari^e factories, and bought his ma-
chinery at Lawrence, Massadmsetts, including
all the latest improvements. The factory was
o[)ened with fifty hands iti February, 18!K); the
entire l)uildinj^ is fitted with electric and ijas
liirlits, and latterly has been in o|)cration nij^ht
and day; the nnmufactures are cassimeres,
t'.veeds, blankets, flannels and woolen socks.
The factory store was started in July, 1890, at
Salem, and has been conducted with marked
pro8p(u-ity under (Jharles Hishop. All the wool
purchased is grown in Oregon, and the manu-
factures tiiid a niai'kct in Portland and San Fran-
cisco.

Mr. Kay has recently ovi;ani/,ed the Waterloo
Development Company, which corporation lias
|iuichased the Oakland Hosiery Mills, one of
the largest on tlio coast; this mill was removed
to Waterloo, where the company owns valuable
water jiower, and will be operated in connection
with the land development; it has a capacity of
200 hands, and was opened and ]Mit in operation
in the summer of 1882, tnrnini^out hosiery and
all kinds of knitted underwear. Tin's is, tier-
liaps, the greatest nnd most promisiiio; under-
taking of Mr. Kay's life, and one in which he
has great confidence.

lie wa.- marrieil in the ohl Corvela Church
near Leeds, Kngland, in April, 18.")7, to Miss
Ami Slingsby, and of the union ten (diildroti
have been born, six of whom survive: Fanny,
wife of {.'liarles IJishop; Thomas I!., who mar-
ried Miss C(M-a Wallace; Klizabeth, wife of ( ).
1'. Coshow; Nora. Harry K. and liertha. Mr.
Kay has just completed a hmidsoini! residence
at til corner < f Slate and 'i'welfth streets; ho
owns -170 acres of land at I'rownsville, and other
improved property. Ho has laid out Kay's ad-
dition to Ijrownsville; in his agricultural ojiera-
tioiis ho makes a specialty of raising liolstciii
cattle. He is a member of i'ruwnsvillo Lodgo
and Encampment. I. (). O. F., and also belongs
to tlie Masonic order.

fK. I-IPl'INCOTT is ranked ainonj; tho
Oregon pioneers of 1853 and has ever
* taken an interest in tho develo|iment of
the State. His ancestry dates back to Devon-
shire, England, where th(<y were among the Non-
conformists and were driven out of the country
about 10-lfl. They then emigrate(l to Amer-
ica, and settled near Mount Holly, Xew Jersey,
and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The men
pursued business occupations, while tho women
conducted homes of culture and retincment,
while the offshoots of tliis family have occu|>ied
prominent positions in literary, business and
State affairs. Jack I.ippincott, the father of
our subject, was born in I'hilndelpliia, I'elinsyl-
vania, in 1827, and after reacliiiig mature years
he emigrated to Hagerstown, Waine county,
Indiana, and there became engaged in mercan-
tile life. He was marrid in Laurel. Franklin
county, Indiana, in 1847, to Miss Ilai'rict \'>.
Williams, a native of Augusta, Maine, who de-
scended of Puritan Stock. They had two chil-
dren, 15. F. Lippincott, born February 11,1847,
and Lena, who died in infancy.

With the gold excitement of 1849 Mr. Lip-
pincott joined tho tide of emigration, and leav.
ing his family in Indiana he crossed the plains
to California, in pursuit of the gohlen nugget,
mining with good success upon Feather river
and Diamoixl bar. He accumulated quite a
stake, then risked it all in a grand venture to
turn the river, but as they had a lutavy rain an 1
freshet, the dam was washed away and with t
his hard-earned savings. He then returned to

002

II r. STORY OF OliPJOON.

I 'I

■ ; If

iniiiliif^, lit, onco ])er <iay, and afttir aojniring a
Hiitliciciit aiiioimt lie went tu llaiigtowii, now
called I'laci^rvillc, |)iii-t;lia,-iMl a slofk of goods
and ojieriiid a tradiiii^ porit, which he continued
with success until the sjiring of 185"^, when he
returned to Indiana for his i'ainiiy. (-rathering
together IiIb possessions, witii his wife and only
child, he again turned his face westward, travel-
ing by water and the Isthmus of Panama, touch-
ing at San Francisco, only to re-emhark for
I)Hvids<in's Landing on the Willamette river,
Oregon, duly, 1853. The family were then
hauled upon the wood wagon of Captain Med-
ruin Crawforii. to Dayton, Yam Hill county and
there began iKjusekeoping in the old Methodist
|)ar8(mago. Afr. Lippiiicott, with his brother-
in-law, Thomas K Williams, formed the co-
partnership of Williams & Lippincott and
purchased the merchandise stock of their brother-
in-law, Chris Taylor, and engaged in the mer-
cantile business and for many years were prom-
inent factors in the development of that locality.
They were agents of Forts Vani Hi'i and IIos-
kins and through tlietn all Governirient supplies
were transmitted. Jjieutenant Phil Sheridan
WHS then stationed at FortYam Hill and he was
a frequent guest at the Lippincott home and
his lounging chair made by himself at the fort
is still owned by B. E, Lippincott. The mer-
cantile l)uginess was closed out in 1865, and
Mr. Lippincott then returned to visit friends in
Philailelpbia and died in Dayton, of apoplexy,
in January, 1867, his faithful wife, the compan-
ion of his joys and sorrows, having preceded
him to the other some seven years previous.
]!. Fj. Lippincott, the sole representative of
the family, w'as educated at Oswego Academy,
from 185') to ISfiO, and then passed three years
at the Catliolic (,'ollege at Vancouver, Wash-
ington Territory, and from there he went to
Tualitin .\cademy, at Forest Grove, Oregon,
where he remained until 1865, when he made a
trip Fast in visit his family relations. Return-
ing to Oregon he passed the summer of 18f)()
in the harvest field, and while upon a business
trip to San Francisco his father passed away.
William S. Lndd was appointed liis guardian
and he placed young Lippincott at the Willam-
ette University, lit Salem, but for a brief sea-
son, only, when the subject rejoined his uncle,
Chris Taylor, and returned to Indiana. In
June, ISf)',), he returned to Oregon and engaged
in the mercantile business with his uncle (Jbris,
at Daytuii, which business he continued until

1871. He then went to the Siletz Indian Res-
ervation as Clerk and Commissary for (Gen-
eral .loe i'almer, Indian Agent, and was there
engage i until 1874, when he came to Portland
as cashier anrl bookkeeptr of the Daily Bulletin.
After one year he went ir:to the Custom llou.^e,
under 11. W. Scott, Collector and was snbsi^-
qnently promoted to ths position of Chief Dep-
uty, where he remained thirteen years, through
the official term of A. .1. Ilanna, John Melly
and F. X. Shurtlefi'. and until the election of
President (Cleveland ho retained his position,
lie then formed a partnership with B. P- Card-
well and engaged in the real-estate and custom
house brokerage business.

He was maaried in Indiana, in ISfiS, to Miss
Frank Louise Manley, native of Laurel. Indiana,
and they have had three children, only one of
whom survives, Mamie L. The family reside
at Irvington, where they have a handsome and
comfortable home. Mr. Lippincott is a dis-
tinguished Freemason, having passed all the de-
grees ot blue lodge, chapter and conunandery
and is Past Eminent Commander of Oregon
Commandery, No. 1. He is a Republican in
politics and is earnest in sustaining the (tov-
ernment of his country, but not an office-
seeker.

«fe^

E V. G E O RG E W H I T A K E R, D. D.,

jjresident of the Willamette University at

Salem. This iiistitution stands at the

head of the educational system of the State of

Oregon, the nucleus of which was conceived in

the hearts of a devoted band of missionaries,

i who embarked from New York for the Oregon

I coast, in October, 1839, to co-operate with Rev.

I Jason Lee, the pioneer Methodist luissionarv to

I the Territory. The centennial of Methodism

; was celel)rate(l on the ship, October 25. 1839,

more than 1,000 miles from the port of sailing

■ and the collection, which was then taken up,

' amounting to $B50, was to be applied to the

j founding of an Oregon institute for the in-

I struction of white children. The preliminary

I step in the institution was taken January 17,

! 1842, at a meeting called by Rev. Jason Lee, at

I Cheiijeketa, now North Salem. The general

1 question of education was then discussed, as the

' great want of the country, and a coiumittee was

I then appointed to formulate a ph. i 'o be dis-

nisTOHY OF OKKOOtf.

603

cuH»ed at a subsequent iiieeting lielfl in Fehrnary
1842, at tlie old mission. It vvai* tliei) iit'ci(l«'<l
to establish an institution of ' m ning, wiiicli, in
the futnre ini^'ht ilevciop int(> .0 aeadeniy, col-
lege or university, ami the school was to he
called the Orefron Institute, and to i>e located on
Wallace prairie, two and one iialf miles north
of Salem. Subscriptions to the amount of
§4,000 had been taken for the erection of suit-
able buildings. The constitution provided that
the school sliould always be under the super-
vision of some Evangelical branch of the Prot-
estant {'burch and should lie surrendered to the
keepinir of that church, which should lirst come
to its aid and .support. It was non-sectarian at
the beginning, liut was adopted by the Methodist
Episcopal (MuTch, at a church tneetiufj, held
October 20, 1842, and the ownership was trans-
ferred from an irresponsible body to that eccle-
siastical organization. It had its ]iritnaiy,
ucadeinic and collegiate phases and under its
able management enjoyed uninterrupted pros
perity, until January, 1853, when the act to
establish the Willamette University passed the
Legislative Assembly of Oregon. With the
growth of the institution, new and increased
facilities were required, and upon July 24, 1804,
the coi .lerstone of the present university was
laid, with imposino; ceremonies, and upon Octo-
ber 21, 1867, the students marclied in a proces-
sion to the spirited strains of music from the
old Oregon 'nstitnte to the new building, which
with appropr'ate cereinonies was dedicated and
the work ot teaching thenceforward went on in
the new buiid'ngs. The university embrace.-
the arts and sciences, witl special departments
in medicine, law, theob gy, pharmacy and a
conserviitory of music, ul. of which departnients
are ably and wisely managed. This is the
pioneer educational i'lstitution of the North-
west, which, having been founded upon Christian
principles, has shed abroad its influence in the
moral and intellectual developtnent of thisgreat
coinmonwcalili. It employe forty- one profess-
ors, and has in lands, buildings, apparatus,
library and endowmenti §274,000.

In the Slimmer of 189 i, through the resigna-
tion of ['resident T. Van Scoy, I). D., the uni-
versity was left without a leader, but by an
exhaustive effort on the part of the trustees the
country was carefully canvassed and in the Rev.
George Whitaker, then president of Wiley
University, at Marshall, Texas, they seemed
to find the necessary 'uialilications and the

presidency was offered bin:, which he accefited.

Dr. Whitaker is a native of New Kngland,
l)orn in Boston. May 14. 1^3(). His pater.ial
ancestry W' re of Kngli^li de.<cei\t and were dis-
tinguished in both cluuch and State. I'hey
were early emigrants to the shores of Massachu-
setts. JVathaniel Whitaker, 1). I)., was pastor
of the Presbyterian Tabernacle, of Salem,
MassHcIiiisett.-. The father of our siibject was
a prominent importer imd dry gooils merchant
of Ijoston, and for many years was in thetiov-
ernment employ in the Custoin House, at
Boston, tiif Trea«wry Department at Washinir-
ton and as Auditor of the Custom House at
New Orleans. The mother of our subject was
Miss Catharine C. Holland, of 15oston, Massa-
chusirttji, ber aiicentry »ii80 being of Kiiglish
de.sct^nt, H»!r mother was 'Hie of the celebrated
May fainily. The May forefathers settled in
lioxbury. Ma»«achu6ett« in 1034. Among this
family were numbered sotne of the most I'adical
anti-slavery men -of tl*e early days. Some; of
the family distinguisiied themselves in the
Revolution. Samuel May was a prominent
merchant of Boston in the trarly days, having
established his house in 1707, an-l through it
accumulated a large property.

Our siiliject commenced his edncation at the
model school of Nathaniel T. Allen, of West
Newton, which lias become famous as an Eng-
lish and classical in»titution. He sub.sequently
entered the normal schonij. at Bridgewat°r,
from which he gra'luated, being the youngest in
the class. He then preiiared for college, at the
Wesleyan Academy, at Williraham, Massachu-
settt, at which he gradnatei! with honor, in
1861. and received the degree of A. M..in 1804.
In 1888 the degree of D. D. was eonferred on
him by the Wesleyan IJtiiversitj. at Fort Worth,
Texas.

.\fter graduating, in 1801 Dr. Whitaker
joined the New England Confereiw* and re-
ceived his first pastcM'ate iit W^rst Medway,
Maspachueetts, remaining f-nj years. f(jll(jwing
the custom of the Methodwv rhiircii. He was
then changed from time to time, until 1873,
when he was appointed Presiding Elder of the
Springfield District and filled the poiiitHHi for
four years, when be resumed the duties of pastor,
which he continued iiuti! 1887, wlien lie aeci'pted
the appointment of president of the WiU^v I'ni-
versity, at Marshall, Texas, a university for the
education of the col«ir«l youtji, under the
auspices of the FreedmAn'g Aid and Soutliern

004

UISTOltV OF OiiEnoN.

■;! i:!

'"™

IvIiiciUiiiii Socic'ty. 'I'licii' the I )oi:t()r ruiiuiiiiuil
(lcc])lv <'ngii<i<'(l III till' oilui'iitioii mill elevation
(if tJK^ ciiliircil j-iK.'c, until 1>S'.I1, wIilmi liu was
(■iilli;il to his present posttion, anil arrival in
Siilciii, ill Aii;^iist of llio saino year.

Olli' siil)je('t wii.- iiian-ieil, at liristol, (Joiiiiect-
icut, ill lSt')l, to Ilmi'iet Clarke, ami they have
lia'l ['our childi'eii, two of wliuiii survive, (ieorije
Kilffar and .(olin II.

Ill his inanai^eiiieiit of the iiiiiversitv the
|)oelor is evineiiif; ifreat tact anil exeftutive
ability, ill wiiinini^ the hearts of his jmpils anil
the irooil will ot all foniieeteil with t)ie institu-
tion. He is frank ami genial in his associations
with all ami in the pulpit, liy his dee]) thought,
sound ai'ijiiinent and iiracefiil delivery. otJ'ers an
intellectual treat sukloni surpassed in logic or
oratorv.

fU. C.MIDWKLL.- The ancestry of Dr.
Ciirdwell enii;;rati'd from Mngland in 1740
'* and settled in Liinenherff county, Vir-
ginia, coining to get the henetitof free law, free
S]x>ecli and liberty of action. They took up
arms against their mother country, and during
the Revolutionary war oifered their services and
lives in defending the rii/hts of their adojited
country. The grandparents of Dr. Card well,
the Rev. I'crriii ('ardwell and Elizabeth Wash-
burn, liv(i(i to be ninetyiiine years of age, and
what is an unusual occurrence their married re-
lation covered a period of seventy nine year.s.
lie was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal
Church and ofKciated there up to his ninety-
BJxtli year. Thr ('ardwell family were chietly
engaged as planti'rs. William J^ee ("ardwell, a
cousin to (ieneral liobort Lee and the father of
our subject, received a classical education and
then began the study of medicine and oljtainod
a license to practice. In 1830 he was ;narriod
to Miss Mary Ann I'iddle, a native of Viiginia,
and they emigrated to Sangamon county, Illi-
nois, and setlleil upon a school >ei'tion of land.
Here he carried on farming and attemled to the
illnesses of his neighbors by the giving of
ijuinine and calomel, setting their broken bones
and pulling their teeth. Disliking tiie profes-
sion, he soon d(!viil(d all of his time to agri-
culture, which lie followed iiritil 1852; then,
with his wife and nine ciiildriii, he crossed the
plains to Oregon, where lie followed the busi-

ness of stock-raising until 1858. lie then sot-
tied in Portland anil started the Portland Furni
ture Afamifacturiiig Company, from ivliich he
soon after retired, and was called to •• the other
side'' in 18(53. His widow still lives in Port-
land at the age of eighty years, hale, hearty and
vigorous.

,] . K. Canlwell was born on the ranch in Illi-
nois in 1830. His classical education was se-
cured at the Horace S|)aiildiiig (iraiiiiuar School
at Illinois ('ollege at .lacksonville.

lieing of a mechanicai turn of mind he tlicn
turned his attention to dentistry, and at the age
of nineteen years he entered the office of Dr.
(J. V. Shirley, a prominent dentist of Jackson-
ville, and remained in his office for about two
years. He then passed before a lioard of Ex-
amination, as was the custom of that day, and
received a certificate of qualilication. The prac-
tice of his profession was commenced at Do-
<:atur, where he remained until 1852, when he
joined his father to cross the jilaius to Oregon
to accept the opportunity offered by that new and
rajiidly developing country. He commenced
his practii-e in Portland in the fall of 1852
within 100 feet of his ])reseiit location, corner
of First and Washington streets, and for forty
years he has beeii continuously employed and
now is the oldest practitioner in the State. Ills
practice, both operative and mechanical, has
iieen very extensive and eminently successful
and satisfactory. He has written extensively
for dental jonrnals and is chairman of the Ore-
gon State Board of Dental Kxamineis.

J)r. Card well has taken a deep ami active in-
terest in horticulture in the State, and was one
of the organizers of the (Oregon State llorfi-
cultnral Society November 17, 1875. and has
continuously tilled the position of chairman,
and is also Chairman of the Stite Board of
liortienlture. In 1^70 he purchased 100 acres
southwest of Portland, and becomintj enthiisias-
tic over the first prospects of Oregon he imme-
diately began its dcvelo|)ing. His land being
covered willi dense fir growth, the clearing cost
him )?75 per acre. He then began planting
prunes and is justly considered tlie j)ioneer of
the priiiio industry. He imported scions of
fourteen varieties from August Baiighuian on
the Illiine, who is the European authority on
prunes. These scions were carefully tested by
Dr. (^ardwell, from which he selected the French
prune, Petite d'Agein, the Italian prune, I'allen-
berg and (Joe's Colden Drop, known us ttie Sil-

irrsronr or oheoon.

eo3

ver prune. Tlie Doctor has get eighty acres
out, principally t;) cherries, pears and prunes.
On fruit ciiltni'ii in ( >reifou the Doctor in con -
eideiod an authority. !Io has (>recte(i an im-
proved dryer with a capacity (rf ten tons, which
dries the ])runes in from twenty-four to tliirty-
ei.\ hours. His paclvin;.; houses are also vnry
complete, and tlie products of his ranch are
conceded eijual to any ])rune jjrown in the
world. lie has always l)een an ardent adiiiirer
of Nature, and in 1852 while cros.^ing the
plains ho made a lurge ideological collection.
Joeing a ta.xidermist and soinethin<' of an orni-
tliologist, he made the first collection of the
birds and animals of the Willamette valley, and
his mountings are rciiresented at the Smith-
sonian Institute at Washington, District of
Coluinhia. lie has a large collection at his
house and ottice, and his rooms are considered
hean.puirtei's for such scientists as are interested
in the fauna of the country. As a collector iiis
name has been catalogued in the Uniteil States
and Europe. He has also collected the conifer
of Orejfon, and has twenty-seven varieties
growin<j upon his lawn. Upon all of those
sulijects the Doctor has written (juite exten-
sively for the public press.

In the order of Masonry our subject belongs
to the thirty-second degree, lie has been a dis-
ciple of Darwin and iSpotieer from the i)egin-
nitig, and is a lover of the natural sciences and
an ardent student of Nature in all channeis of
lier development.

tOUIS T. BAKIX, a prominent citizen of
Portland, Oregon, was horn at Providence,
Rhode Island, March U, 18-12. His par-
ents were of French and (Tcrman origin, were
married in their own country and emigrated to
America about the year 183(1. settling at Provi-
dence, where Mr. Harin cinijarked in ni- rcantile
pursuitf. Louis T. wa.s educated in th ■ public
schools of Providence and Boston, and at the
age of sixteen years began the batt'< of life on
his own account. He went to New York city,
emiiarked on the steamer Moses Taylor, bouiid
for Aspinwall, crossed the Isthmus, and re-em-
barked at Panama for San Francisco on the
steamer .lohn I,. Stephens. He followed clerk-
ing, mining at\d (be live stock l)Usiiu^S8 until
18(52, when !».• enlisted in Company F, First
as

Regiment Oregon Cavalry, lie was appointed
i''irst Sergeant after two years' service and hehl
this position for one year or until discbiirged.
He was on sc.iut duty, skirmished with the In-
dians throughout the Northwest, and received
an honorable discharge from Port ^'^ancoiiver,
August iU, 18()5. He then went to Oregon
('ity and settled on (Jovernnient land, wlii(di he
improved for several years. In 18()!) he took
up his residence in Oregon City and began \\w
study f)f law in the ollice of •lohnson A: Mc-
Cown. lie was admitted to the bar by the
Supreme (lonrt in the fall of 1S72. In the
same year lie was elected by the iiepublican
party a member of the House of Kepresenlativos
from Clackamas county. He was elected City
Prosecuting Attorney in 187-t and was re-
elected in 1875. During the years 187() and
1877 he was Mayor of ( >regon City, discharging
his duti(^s very etticienlly and with great satis-
faction to his constituency. lie was apjiointed
Registrar of the United States Land OIlictMii
.lanuary, 1878, under President Hayes, and was
reappoitited by l'r(>sident Arthur in I'ebruary,
1882. He tilled this position until May, 188(5,
wdien he was elected a member of the State
Senate for a term of four years. While hold-
ing this otlico he was a mcnilier of many impor-
tant committees, being Chairman of the Judi-
ciary (committee, and did great service to the
fish iniiustries of the State as chairman of that
committee. For years ho has been prominent
in political campaigns, as a member of the
County Committee, and in the convention of
1888 he was elected Chairman of the State
Central Committee. In the election of June of
this year the Republicans made an unprec-
edented majority, which lent encouragement
for the presidential contest of the following
autumn. In the fall election the last majority
was increaseil, and the efforts of Mr. Barin wore
recognized from various quarters in the Fast,
and at home by the presentation of a solid silver
service from the Republican electors of Multno-
as appoint
'lit Harris
1890, and is fbe present incumbent of the office.
Mr. Barin was married in Oregon (lity in
1872, to Miss Mary Frances Josephine Harding,
a dau j;bter of M. A. Harding, a |)rominent pio-
neer of Oregon. Three cliildren have been
born of this union: Bertha, Morton and Louis
T., Jr. Mr. ISarin has followed his profession
as opportunity has olTered, and has <lealt ijtiito

inah I'ouiity. He was aiipointed United Staters
Marshal by President Harrison February 12,

maToitr of okboon.

1 I iM

I' I

cxtoiiKively in reil estate in CiaekHiniis county.
lie owns iinil lias siiju'rinteiiileil the cultivation
of a lariu ot 71)0 attres, ami liab f^ivon especial at-
liiition to the lu'eudinj^ of hi^h ifrade horses
ami cattle. lie lias lieeli active in rxjlitics, and
juides hiuiself upon i)eiiijr an uncoinproinihin;;
Kepuhlican. lie is a man of fjood iiiisiness
rjwalitications, and lias won a liioh reputation
tliroui'lioiit the Slate.

■ J^ ^^^^iJ^'^t

fe>***=^

fOll.N WILSON MINTO is a native of the
State of Orej^oii. ami was one of the first
white children horn within her boriiurs, the
place of his liirth being Marion county, and the
date, Septeniher 27, 1848. A sketch of hia
father, lion. John Minto. appears elsewhere in
this work. The early education of Jonn W.
was acijuired in the l'rini.;le school, tanjiht by
N. T. CJaton, who has become prominent in law
and politics. As he advanced to years of ma-
turity, he assisted his father duriuff the summer
months, and in the winter attended the Orej^on
Institute. In IHfiiJ he entered the Willamette
University, and was a student there until 18(17.
Startinj; out in life on his own account, he was
emi)loyed by ,J. C Scott, to assist in driviiiji; a
flock of shiiep across the mountains to Cali-
f'lrnia; returning to Salem he packed up and
made a trip to San i'Vancisco, his object being
to see the city; his slender means were soon
scattered, and it became necessaiy for him to
embrace any occupation that offered. lie came
back to Salem ii: the sprinjj; of 1808. and went
to work in the j)ioneer oil mill; later h.e was
engaged in digging the cellar of the ('hemeketa
hotel, and afterward drove cabs and drays in the
city. He then bought a team anil rented Sand
island, and furnished sand for the building of
the State institutions and other l-.rge structures.
He was married at Salem, December 20. 1871,
to .Miss liebec-a II. Yocum, a native of Ore-
gon. The same year he was appointed night
policennin for tliecity of Salem, by.l. A. Haker,
Chief; he tilled this position very acceptably for
five yeais, and was then elected Marshal, hold-
ing the otIi(;e until 1880, when he resigned to
accept the position of Ue]nity Sheriff' under It.
C. liamsby. In 1882 he became a caudiiiate for
Sheriff', but was liefeated in the convention. He
thi n secureil a position with the Wells, I'argo
Express Company, to carry express from Sand

Point, Idaho, to Helena. Montana, a distance of
400 miles, while the Xorthern Pacitie road was
being completed; the work was acconiplished
by freight and construction trains, but was at-
tended by many- severe hardships and dangers.
He managed this business with great ability,
exhibiting unusual executive powers, until the
road was con'ipluted, covering a period of eigh-
teen months. He returned to Salem, and en
gaged in the livery business with Robert Ford,
but sold out in the fall of 1884; he had been
elected Sheriff of .Marion county in .I\ineof that
year, and was re-elected in 1880.

During his term as Sheriff and Marshal, he
passed tbrougb many thrilling experiences and
bad numy norrow escaiies from death; he still
carries the scars of hall and knife, but never
sntl'ered any serious results. In 1888 he em-
barked in the real-estate business in Portland,
having formed a partnership with S. M. Parr.
August 1, 1890, he received the appointment of
Pnited States Weigher, for the port of Portland,
from II. P. Earhart, Collector of Customs, and
is the present incumbent of that office.

Mr. Minto was left a widower with one child,
Laura E., who is now the wife of Bon. Q. Irwin;
he was married a second time in Portland, June
17, 1891, to Mrs. Kate (Aiken) Sullivan, a na-
tive '-'' the city of St. Louis. Our subject is a
a member of the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Coni-
imxndry of the Masonic order, of Alkader
Shriiu*. No. 1, also of Mystic Lodge, K. of P.,
and of the I. O. O. V. He is an owner of realty
in Portland, and of business property in Salem.
He is a nnm veryjpopular among his as8(jciates,
and has proven a most efficient olficei', giving
satisfaction to all piirties. and reflecting much
credit upon himself and his constituency.

^-vji:-

rC,.^"

A. SCOG(tIN, an esteemed Oregon
pioneer of 1845, who for upward of
^ twenty years has been pr(>minently
connected with the live-stock interests of the
State, was born in Morgan county, Missouri, in
May, 1840.

His father, Woodson Scoggin, was a native of
Tennessee, and was married in 1828, fo Miss
Mary Green, a native of Kentucky, and in 1831,
they emigrated to Missouri, where Mr. Scoggin
eng!ige<l in farming and stock-raising. Tbei*
lie died in February, 1840. greatly lamented by

niSTOHY (IF ii/ih'OoX.

«07

all wlio knew liirii, who valued liiin for his many
Ktui'liiig (lualities of iiiiid iiiid heart. His widow
was left with five small cliildren. In 18-15, she
married Mr. .f. AV. (Jhumhers, and they im-
mediately started with ox teams across the great
plains. Their journey was a prosperous one.
and they arrived safely at the Dalles, wlienee hy
rafts and Indian canoes, they came down the
Columbia river to Linnton, an old Hudson's Hay
trading post, where they arrived in the fall of
1845. After a few weeks of rest, they removed
to TualitiTi Plains, Washington county, Oreijon,
where Mr. ('iianihers purchased a claim of t)4()
acres from Dick Howe, an em[)loye of the
Hudson's Hay Company, where the family con-
tinued to reside until the deatii of Mr. Cham-
bers, in 1877. His wife survived liim twelve
years, dying in 1889, greatly mourned tiy her
fajnily and friends, who appreciated her many
Christian virtues.

The snhject of this sketch was educated in
the Washington county scliools, at Tualitin
Academy and the University of Forest Grove.
When eighteen years of age, ho commenced
clerking at Springville, vvhere he continued
until 1808. He theu wont to the mines on Sal-
mon river, where he subsequently conducted a
pack train of forty to sixty horses, which he
used to carry mining supplies from the Dalles
and Iliuatilla landing to the mining camps of
Idaho and Montana. He continued packing
and mining with substantial success until 1870,
when he sold out, and gave his entire attention
to tile live-stock business, in which he had be-
come engagetl a couple of years previously in
eastern Oregon. He purchased large quanti-
ties of land on watercourses, and thus con-
trolled an extensive range for his cattle, which,
at times, numtiered 0.000 head, 150 head of
which were horses. In the severe winter of
1888, owing to the scarcity of feed and the mir-
ing of cattle, he lost about 4,000 head, since
when he has continued on a smaller basis, and
is thus enabled to give closer attention to his
.«tock. He was also a large handler of grain,
which he continued until 1883, when he located
more jit^rnianently in Portland.

in 1882 he was one of the incorporators and
builders of the Muitnomali streetcar line, which
was at first operated with horse power, but
which, ill 1890. was converted to electric power,
and has figured prominently in the development
of Ihe suburbs of Portland. In 1874 he
iirected a large and c.onifortablo residence at No.

472 Alder street, Portland, where he anil his
family now reside.

Mr. Scoggin wai, married in Walla Wallu. in
1870, to Miss Augusta lieser, an intelligt'iil an<l
amiable lady, and a native of .Missouri. They
have four childrcin: (ieorge U.,./<ihii 11., Dora L.
and Ida A.

Ho is an honored member of the K'liighls of
I'ythias; A. (). It. M., and exeni|)t volunteer
firemen. He is also an active and eflicient
member of the Common Council, to which jxisi-
tion he was elected on the citizens' ticket, in
18!»2, being the third term.

Mr. Seoggin's eminent success is entirely <liiu
to his own exertions, persistently ancl intelli-
gently applied. These efforts have always been
pushed with due regard for the riguts of others
and with the most tl:.)rougli honor and upright-
ness of dealing. Hence it is not surpri.-ing
thai he should have attaiiusd both tinancial mic-
cess and the universal esteem of his fellownmn.

§I<:NUY W. COE, M. D., one of the most
progressive physicians of Portland, and
Professor of Descriptive Anatomy in the
medical department of Willamette University,
is a native of Waupun, Wisconsin, horn in 1857.
His paternal ancestors wen; natives of Kng-
land, and date back to Stepiien Coe, who was a
martyr to the cause of religiou.-; liberty, and
was burned at the stake. .Vfter tiiis terrible
event his sons emigrated to America, and set-
tled in New England. Thu mother was de-
scended from the colonial seti '"rs, who emigrated
from Holland and located hi l'enn^ylvalua. iShe
was a member of the Cronl<heit family. For
generations the Goes have been professional
men, connected either with medicine or the
ministry. The father of our subject, Samuel B.
Coe, M. D., was a native of Ohio. lie joined
the tide of western emigration, and drifted to
Wisconsin. In 1861 he removed to Morris-
town, Minnesota, wh(!re he is still following liis
profession; was a soldi. 'r in the I'liiim Army.
Dr. Henry W. Coo received his literary education
in the University of Minnesota, and began liis
medical coarse at Ann .\rbor. lie was gradu-
ated from the Long Island College Hospital, at
Prooklin, New York, in 1880, and entered up(m
the practice of his profession at Mandan, North
Dakota, where he met with more than ordinary

.;i i

''«

008

insTonr o/ oKEfioN.

6IIUCCS8. ilc WAR nppnintcil president of the
State Mtidical Sociity, bii|ii'rititi'iiileiit of
tlie Stdti. liounl of llealth, United States
I'.xaininiiij^ Siirj^eon for IVnKJons, and siir-
peon for the \ortii(<i'n I'acilii' railroad.
I'eeanse of tiie luiHettled coniliticin of tiie
country, in tiie Bjiriiif^ of IS'Jl IJr. Coe re-
tiif^ned tlie al)o\e a|)pointinent8, and removed to
I'ortland, Orej^oii, wliere lie resumed liis pro-
fessional work. Soon after iiis arrival lie met
Dr. II. 11. Holmes, a olassniate at the Long
Island Collef^e, and a prominent practitioner
of Tortland. A partnership was soon formed,
and they are now associated in hiisiness.

in the summer of 18((1 Dr. (Joe was elected
to a full profes8or.shi|) of the chair of Descriptive
and Sni'i^ieal Anatomy in the medical depart-
of the Willamette University, where he delivers
three lectures a week in connection with his ^e>\\-
eral practict".

Dr. Coo was married at Mandan, Xorth Da-
kota, in 1882, to Miss Viola M. I'oloy, a native
of Iowa. One child has heen born of this
niiion, a son named (Tcorge C. Mrs. Coe is
also a physician hy education, being a graduate
of the Woman's Hospital Medical College of
(!liicago. The Doctor is a inomlier of the blue
lodge and chapter of the Masonic order. He
belongs to the Oregon State Medical Society,
to the Portland Medical Society, and is secre-
tary of the I'ortland Hospital Clinical Society.
lie is a man of e.xcellent ability, and has won
an enviable reputation as a practitioner of much
skill and wisdom.

fAPTAlN E. S. EDWARDS, United States
Inspector of steam vessels for the District
of Willamette, is a native of Campbell
county, Kentucky, born May 17, 1853. His
father, Captain .fohn Edwards, was born in
London, England, a descendant of seafaring
ancestors; he emigrated to this conntry, and
operated steamers on the Ohio and Mississippi
rivers. He married Margaret Tood, a native
of Cincinnati, Ohio; they have both joined the
great silent majority upon the other side, leav-
ing two ('''ildren; the eldest is the subject of
this notice, and the ditnghtor is Mrs. II. T.
Wilcox, of Covington, Kentucky. Captain Kd-
wards received his early education at the acade-
mies at Elizabeth, Kcntneky, and lU Dayton,

Ohio. At the age of fourteen years he engaged
in river navijiatioii under his father's instriic-
tions, and became a skilled ])ilot, following this
calling until 1874. In this year he came to
I'ortland, Oregon, and entered the employ of
the United States Engineering Department, in
the capacity of general utility man, tilling posi-
tions of responsibility, such as river pilot, super-
intendent of construction, or aiding on surveys
under the direction of the United States Engi-
neer. He contiiiued in this work until May 18,
1889, when he was appointed to his present
position of trust.

The District of Willamette covers all coast
and inland waters between Shoalwater bay in
Washington and the California line, including
the waters of Oregon, Idaho and a part of
Washington and Montana. By law all vessels
must bo inspected once a year, or more fre-
(juently if found necessary. Captain Edwanls
inspects all woodwork and examines all ap|)li-
eantfi and issues all licenses to masters, pilots
and mates. There are about 160 vessels within
his jurisdiction, carrying in aggregate 3,963,508
tons; during 1891, 1,915,801 passengers wore
transported in the district and only three lives
were lost, and these entirely by accident. In
the service of several steamships there are em-
ployed about 195 masters, eighty-tive mates and
seventy-five pilots.

Captain Edwards was married in I'ortland,
December 9, 1880, to Miss Nora Collins, a na-
tive of New York city. Our worthy subject is
Captain of the Canton, I. O. O. P., and also
Captain of Willamette Division, No. 2, Knights
of rythias, having served as Adjutant and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel of the regiment; he is also an
active member of the A. O. U. W. A man
thoroughly versed in his vocation, he is one of
the most popular employes of the Government
Department.

J^AVID 0(tILVY, though a recent citizen
u2n of the State of *)regon, is making rapid
^j^ strides towai'd the front raidc of arcliitects
in the city of I'ortland. He is a native of the
city of Montreal, Canada, and is a son of Scotch
parents. His father and mother removed from
Scotland In Canada in 18(52, and settled at
Montreal, where Mr. Ogiivy engaged in mer
eantile pursuits; he became a large and impor-

tf • «

nil^TORY OF OliROOK.

iliV.i

tdiit dealer, Imvinjr estiiblishutl tliree stort'i* with
wholesale and retail dcimrtnu'iita. David Ogilvy
received his education at M'j(iill I'niversity,
taking,' the coiirno of ap|)lied science, and gradu-
ating at the age of nineteen years; at that time
he was the youngest ])er8on to receive tiie de-
gree of this de])artnient. Architecture, hridge-
huiidinj^ and roof w<irk were special features,
while particular attention was given to tiie
])rineiples of construction. Reduced in health
and strength, Mr. Ogilvy desired outdoor exer-
cise, and was successful in securing a position
with the Canadian Pacific Railroad; lie gave
his attention to their bridge work, and accoin-
j)lislied his ends so 8atisfact<prily that he was
given letters of the highest commendation. He
was afterward employed in the office of Hutch-
inson & Steele, the leading firm of architects of
the city of Montreal; there lie remained eighteen
months, and at the end of that time went to
< )malia, Nebraska, wliere ho entered into part-
nership with John AlcUonald, a fellow class-
iiiftte and graduate; for five years he devoted
himself to architecture, and was also superin-
tendent of construction, erecting a large num-
ber of residences, warehouses and bu.siness
blocks; the most notewortliy of these being
the block of Barker Brothers, (50 x 128 feet, four
stories high; the entire frojit is of iron and
glass, and very difficult of construction.

Mr. Ogilvy came to Portland in 1890, with-
out friend or acquaintance, his capital being
chietly his jierfect understanding of his profes-
sion, which he has thoroughly sustained. He
opened offices in the Worcester P)lock, and in
the midst of great eoini)etition cast about for
business. His first contract was on the resi-
dence work of the Myer Rosenblat estate, and
his first business block was for the estate of J.
G. (ilenn; his plans were offered in competition
and were accepted on account of the wise ar-
rangement of rooms, all of which arc well
lighted. The business block of Mc^^astcr &
Birrell is also of his design and 8U]Hirintend-
enco. In residences lie is erecting many fine
homes, ranging in cost of construction from
85,000 to S12.000; the stylos adopted are the
Queen Ann, the Klizabethaii and Colonial.
In constructive ability his skill was well dis-
played on the block of Praeger Brothers, a build
ing 100 X 100 foot, two stories high: here he put
in new walls, floors, roof and basement without
any interruption to traffic. The contracts of
Mr. (>gilvy are numerous for the coining year, a

marked evidence of the success which is sure to
fdlhiw ability, integrity and persevering energy.
He is a member of the Ivnights of i'ytliias
and of St. .Andrew's .Society, and is thoroughly
identified and imbued with the progressivo
spirit of his adopted city.

UpAI'TAlX THOMAS W.SVMONS, mem-
jrot lier of the Corps of Kiigineer.s, United
T)(n States Army, located at I'ortland, was
born on the border of hake Champlain, at Kceso-
ville, New York, in 1849, a son of Thomas Sy-
mons. a nativeof Montreal, of English descent.
The mother's maiden name was Serena lOaton, a
member of an old and highly respicted family
of Massachusetts. They reared a family of five
children, of whom Thomas W. is the oldest son.
The family removed to Flint, Mi<'higaii, and
there our subject attended the common schools.
He was also a stutlent at the Agricultural Col-
lege, riansing, Michigan, and in 1870 received
an iippointinent to the West Point Nfilitary
Academy; he was graduated from this institu-
tion in 187-1, with the highest honors, standing
first in his class. He was then appointed to
the Engineer Corps of the army, and was first
stationed at Willets' Point, a torpedo school.
At the end of eighteen months he was detailed
on the Wheeler survey, which was conducted
under the War Department. For three years
he was constantly in the field, after which he
was sent to Vancouver, on General Howard's
staff. While in this service he made a ma]) of
Oregon, Wa.shington and Utah, very complete
in detail, which has been used as tlie basis of
three later editions. In 1882 he was sent to
Plum Point, Arkansas, to superintenil the im-
provement of the Mississippi river. Under the
State Department he was then detailed to make
examination of the boundarv line between the
(' lifted States and Mexico, this was (tondncted
with representatives of the Mexican Govern-
ment, and arrangements wore made for the build-
ing of iron monuments on the border, west from
El i'aso to San Diego, according to the treaty.
Captain Syinons was then detailed to Washing-
ton ('ity, as Superintendent and Engineer in
I charge of many important iin])rovements. In
1889 h(( was detailed to Oregon, as United
States Engineer, in cliargc of river and harbor
work. This includes the improvement now

IIKI

nisTonv Of ohkoos

lieiii^ iiiado at (Joob, VaijiiinH. Tillairiook and
NfihaUiin bayt*, and tlie ^'ociuiilu, Uinixina and
Snislaw rivers, in Orc^ion, and Willa|)a and
(iray's imrlidiH, <)lyin|)ia. I'nf,'i'l Hound, and a
Kloujili in Wiisliiiii,rtoM, and flio ('()iutnl)ia and
Snaki! riverf, in NS'a.-iiiiij^'ton and Idaho, lie
wart eoniirctcil witli tlu; survey to cciuni^ct the
waters of l'ii;;et sound with tiie waters ot lakes
Union and W'ashini^ton, at Seattle, hi'sides
nniru'rous otiier surveys for river and liarlior
iiti|)i'oveineiits tlirou};ii Wasiiingttin, Idalio and
tile Nortliwest.

(Jiiptain Syinons was married in Phihidei-
pliia, ill l^(^■^. to Miss Lelitia V. Uol)inson, a
daiigliler oi' Alexander llohiiison, a distini^uislied
financier of western ''<!niisyivaiiia. They are
till! parents of two cnildieu: Margaretta and
Thomas W., Jr. The (Japtain is a inemlmr of
the Masoiiie fraternity. Throughout his career
he has held positions of honor and trust, and
has diseharf^ed his duties in a manner refleetinj:;
uieat credit, upon himself, and always to the
liest interests of the Government.

flJ. EATON, M. D., a prominent physician
of I'ortla id, Oreffon, was horn in Ghieago,
<* Illinois, in 1852. His ancestors were
numbered among the iMassacluisetts Hay ('olouy
of IfJiJS, and were men of sterling characteris-
tics, promineiit in the founding of the new
country, and in time of war acting well their jiart.

(leneral Joseph II. Eaton, the Doctor's fa-
ther, a native of ilaseachu setts, settled in Chi-
cago. He was a graduate of West Point and
was aid-de-eamp of General Taylor during the
Mexican war. going with him to Washington
and leinaiiiing with him until the (Teneral's
death. He then returned to his regiment, the
Third Infantry, with commission of Captain,
and remained with his company until 1855,
wheti he resigned as Brevet Colonel. At the
breaking out of the Rebellion, Colonel Eaton
was appointed Paymaster and served in that ca-
pacity until 1874, having been breveted Hriga-
dier(Teneral. In 1874 he was appointed Chief
Paymaster of the Department of Columbia, with
head(juarters in Portland, and occupied that im-
portant position until 1884, when ho was retired.

F. 13. Eaton was educated at the Columbian
College Preparatory School at Washington, Dis-
trict of Columbia, and at Cornell University.

Ho gave particular attention to the study of
chemistry and comparative anatomy, graduating
at the university in 1873 with the licentiate
degree. His entire course of study was directed
toward the special treatment of eye, ear and
thr(^at, as advised by Dr. Hasil N orris, an emi-
nent jihysician of Washington, connected with
the army, and a personal I'riend of (leiieral Eaton.

Prom (Jornell Dr. Eaton went to Washing-
ton, District of Columbia, and took one course
at the medical department of Columbian Col-
lege. He the-i went to San Francisco, took two
courses at the (3i)oper Medical College, and
graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1875.
He continued his studies for a brief time in
.New York and (Miicago, and in 187t> came to
Portland, Oregon, and began the practice of his
profession.

In 1877 Dr. Eaton was appointed Assistant
Surgeon in the regularariny, and was connected
with the cavalry during the Nez Perces uprising.
In 1878 he was attending Surgeon at Forts
Ste|)lienso>i and ('anby during the Bannock war,
after which he resigned and retnrne<l to Port-
land, resuming the practice of his profession
there. In 1883 he was appointed to the chair
of diseases of eye, ear and throat in the medical
department of Willamette University, where he
lectured for severaj yjars, resigning about 1887
lo accept a similar po-iition in tlie newly organ-
ized medical department of the University of
Oregon. In 1889 he made a trip to Europe,
taking special courses at London, Vienna and
Paris. He is ophthalmic and aurist surgeon to
St. Vincent ana Good Samaritan Hospitals and
is oculist for the Union Pacific Railroad Com-
pany. The Doctor is a member of the Loyal
Legion of United States of America.

II. BYARS, who is numbered among
the Oregon pioneers of 1853, is a na-
o tive of Des iloines. Iowa, born July
7, 1839. His paternal ancesto'-s were among
the colonial settlers of V^irginia, and his father,
Fleming Byars, was born in that State, and
there passed his boyhood; the mother was a
member of the Deardorff family of (Jhio. Mr.
Fleming Byars married Anna Deardortf, in
Union county, Indiana, in 1838, and went to
Des Moines county, Iowa, and there followed
agricultural pursuits until his death, in 1847;

iiisTonr OF oiiKOoN.

nil

he left a wife and four cliildreii. Mrw. IJyiiro
nfterwanl married .loliii Myera, of Iowa, and in
IHh'i tliey joined the tide of western emigration
and crossed the j>lainrt to Oruj^on; after a tedi-
ous journey of five uiontiis tiiey reached tlie
I'acitie coast, locating on a doiuition claim in
Donifhis county. W. 11. ISyars was reared to
tlie life of a fanner and \\\» educational advan-
tages were, tiierefore (juite limited. lie made
the nn)8t of his opportunities, and liy persever-
ance, finally titled himself to teach; he contin-
ued his studies at intervals, attending (j(duinl)ia
(College, at Eugene, the Willamette University,
at Salem, aiul afterward f;ra(luate<l with the Hrst
class at Wilbur Academy, Douglas county, in
18(i8.

In 1802 began a period of interruption to his
intellectual pursuits; he visited the mines of
Idaho, and tor two years was engaged in the
chief industry of that section, in hauling and
packing supplies or digging for gold. Iteturn-
ing to Oregon at the end of two years he en-
listed in Company A, Kirst Oregon (Javalry,
and for eighteen months was in the Indian cam-
paigns in the eastern part of the State, lie was
lioiioriibly discharged at Vancouver ni August,
1805, and returned to Douglas county, where
he continued his studies until his graduation.
After this event ho taught in the academy and
was elected County Superintendent of Schools
for Douglas county. In 1870 he was elected
County Surveyor, and two years later was ap-
pointed United States Deputy Surveyor under
W. II. Odell, Surveyor-General, a position he
filled until 1884.

Mr. Byars removed to Roseburg in 187i5,
and bought the Plain Dealer, a Democratic
weekly newspaper; he changed the politics of
this sheet and continued its editor and publisher
until 1884, when he sold out, after being elected
State Printer, the duties of which office required
his presence at Salem. He then purchased a
half interest in the Statesman, \V. 11. Odell be-
ing the the other piartner, and assumed its man-
agement and editorial work for eighteen months,
after which he sold to the present pioprietors.
In 1888 he was elected City Surveyor of Salem
and held that office until 1890, when, under the
administration of President Benjamin Harrison,
he was appointed United States Surveyor-Gen-
eral for the State of Oregon.

Mr. Byars was married in Douglas county,
Oregon, December 23, 1868, to Mrs. Emma A.
(Slocum) li<jed, u native of Kentucky. Six

children have been born of this union: Ana .\.,
wife of S. U. 'riiompson; William K., Alfred
I!., .Mera I!., now dead; .lohii Kex and Vera .M.
Our subject is a member of Sedgwick Post,
No. 10, (t. A. K., of Salem, of the .Masonic
fraternity, the A. O. U. \V. anil th(< Salem
(irange. He has always been a loyal supporter
of the interests of the State and has done his
share in the developnieht of her resources.

§ :s^»-i e:4 i^ "«ig:i

UK IvKELKV INSTITUTK. This insti-
tute was (established at Portland, under
the principles and for the use of the rem-
edies discovered by Dr. Leslie K. Keeley, of
Dwight, Illinois, for the cure of intoiuperanco
or the e.\cessive use of tobacco in any of its
forms. As Corps Surgeon during the bite war,
Dr. ICeeley was brought into close relation with
men of all classes and conditions and through
remedies, used in that ])ractice, and siibsecpuMitly
developed by careful experiment, he iliscovered
remedies which have proved esjiecially etiica^
cioiis in the above disorders. Dr. Iveeley opened
his tirst institute at Dwight, in 1881, and prac-
ticed in a quiet way in connection with his gen-
eral practice of medicine. In 1885 .loseph
Medill, of the Chicago Tribune, investigated
the institute and through his enthusiastic arti-
cles a large patronage was built up and many
people have been cured of thisiiisidious disease.
Unable to handle the large business and wish-
ing to distribute its benetits throughout the
laud. Dr. Keeley was induced to sell State
rights to use his remedies and Oregon was pur-
chased by Dr. V. [j. Taylor and Mr. E. B.
Campbell. The tirst institute was established
at Portland and was continued with marked
success there until January 1, 1892, when it was
removed to Forest Grove, where, amidst more
quiet surroundings and remote from the dissi-
pations of city life, the institute will be con-
ducted as is every established sanitarium ami
the patients will receive the f\ill benetit of the
remedies.

Dr. Taylor, the physician in charge, was born
in Heaver, Pennsylvania, in 1807. His father,
W. N. Taylor, was one of the representative
business men of that locality. In 1809 he re-
moved to Hamilton county, Iowa, and for years
was. connected with public affairs of that county,
subsequently removing to southern Loiiisian.",

UI8T0HY OF (tUEGON.

wlier*! lie imw rei-idcK. ('Ii;,'iii,'im1 in the I'liltiire of
I'niit.

Oiir ^llllil•(•l wii^- ciliiciilcil ill (lie lii;^li ^(;lllM)l
(if Wcli>tor ()\\)\ IdWii, mill iit tli(! iif,'L' of iiiiii'-
tt'cn yi'iirs ciitcrcil tlic ollici' of |)i\ W. \.
(iifiMi, of \Vel)Hl('i' I'ity, mill imiltT his i^iiiiliinc.e
piirsiioil tli(^ Ktiiily of iiu!(liciii(! for ii in-riod of
tlii'ije yi'iirri, fakiiif^ winter coiirneB of lectures at
UiihIi Meilical College, where he ^jrailiiated in
ISSS. He then coinnu'iiceil [iractice at .icwtill
. I unction, Iowa, and after about (M^diteeii months
he leiiioved to llaiicroft, Iowa, where he fol-
lowed a i^eiieral |)ni('tii'e iii.til lie eaiiie to I'ort-
laiid to eslalilisli the Keelcv liistitiitii.

I)r. Taylor was inarrieil at ArinstroMi:;, Iowa,
ill 1888, to Misn Aiinu G. Caiiiphell, eldest
daughter of E. li. (laniphell, who was the I'ost-
master and leading nierehaiit of Arinstroiii;.
l)r. Taylor is a memlier of Portland I,oi|j!;e, No.
Tj-,. a. V. & A. M.

I'raiik Davey, secretary and husiness niaii-
ao;er (d' the Keeley Institute, was horn in Ire-
land, August 18, 1850. At the aire of seven-
teen years he came to the United States and
located at Keokuk, Iowa, and engaged as clerk
in a dry-goods house. Suhseqiiently he re-
nioveil to (^^arthage, Illinois, where he clerked
in a drug store until 1871, wdien he removed to
Kmmet county, Iowa, and engaged in teaching
school. Soon alter this he was elected County
School Sujieriuteiulent for two terms of four
years, then was elected Connty Auditor for an-
other four years and then served as County
Surveyoi' for two years. From 187() to 18S2
lie was the proprietor and editor of the North-
ern \'indicator, a paper which exerted much
iiitluciice in that locality, from its sj)icy articles
and etli(;ieut management. Mr. Davey iilso
stiulied law, and was admitted to the bar in
1880. Keniaining in Iowa until 18S() he came
to i'ortland, and in the spring of 1887 connected
himself with the Weekl\ World, but in Deceiii-
lier, of that same year, lie settled in Salem as
buokkee])er and business manager of the Ore-
gon Statesman, ami in LSSO was appointeil city
(iditor. In ISDO he became city editor of the
Kveniiig Capital Journal and in 181(1 he was
elected doiirnal Clerk of the Legislature.

With the establishment of the Keeley Insti-
tute Mr. Davey became connected with it and
is a stockholder in same.

lie was married in Iowa, April 4, 1877, to
Miss Villa Pike, and they have three children:
Winefred M., Frances V. and Robert K, Mr.

I)avey is a member of the A. ( >. U. W. and is
jiresident of the lii-Chlorido of (lold (!lul). Mr.
C. I>. Cam|)bell, son of the giMitleman who was
one of the original puridiasers of Oregon, has
taken his father's place in the institute and is
its vice Jiresident and treasurer. His time is
j)rinciprtlly occupied in attending to a consulta-
tion office which the institute has established at
lt)7A Third street, corner of Morrison, l'orthin<l.
These gentlemen, whose biography is here
given, are doing a great and grand work and
deserve tlu! respect and esteem of every one in
the entire State. Inteniperaiu'e is a curse and
any one who endeavors to wipe it out is a ben-
efactor of mankind.

M. OWEN, an Oregon jiioncer of 1852,
now living retired in Portland, is ii
* native of Henry county, Tennessee,
horn in April, 1822.

His parents, A. M. and Jane (McCracken)
Owen, were natives of North Carolina. They
lived in Tennessee for some years, where Mr.
( )wen was em])loyed as carpenter and cabinet-
maker, and from there moved in 1838 to Ma-
coupin county, Illinois. In Illinois ho continued
wiM'k at his trade until his death, which occurred
at the advanced age of ninety-six years. He and
his wife were the jiarents of nine children, r.ll of
whom lived to maturity, the subject of our
sketch being the third born.

jM. M. Owen was educated in the common
scdiools of Tennessee, and early in life began
Work at the carpenters' tr.ado. Indeed, he was
so young when he began working at that trade,
that his father had to build a platform for him
to stand on while working at the bench. Ho
conHiiued with his father until 1845. That year
he was united in marriage, in Macoujiin enunty,
to Miss I.ucinda Penn. After four brief years
of married life she died, leaving an only child.
This child, Nancy, died and was buried on the
plains in 1852. In 1850 .\[r. Owen married his
second wife, Misa Sarah Jane Moreland, sister
ofJudgoJ. C. Moreland, whose biography ap-
pears in this history.

In 1845 Mr. Owen began farming, and was
engaged in agricultural pursuits until the spring
of 1852. wlien with his family snugly arranged
in a " prairie schooner, " drawn by four yoke of
o.xen, he started across the plains for Oregon.

iiismnr of onuooff.

Till! iilt'iisiiro of this otlu'rwico iiiu'Vi'iifful trip
wiix ninrrcd liy tlie sickiu'sa niul (ientli of tlio
litti(i oliilil iibovf referred to. After six iiiDiitlis
of truvel they liinded at iMister's iti tlie Williiiii-
ettt^ viiiley, (>(.'t()iii'r -l, IX^'-l, liiiving crooscd
tlic iiiDiintaiiiH by tiie liiirlow route. IIo tlieii
lociitcd it) t!lii('.l<iiiiiii-i eoiiiity, on 'ii'2i) acres of
luiid, and was eiij^ai^ed in farmiii;^ and work at
his trade until l>i78. That year he moved to
East I'ortlaiid, where lie continued work at his
traile and also en(;aiied in (•ontiactiiii' until 1890.
Since then he has been retired from active lifti.

^^r. and Mrs. Owen have had eight ciiildren.
ei.x of wiiom are liviiij;, namely: Andrew .1..
Sus.in, wife f)f Lafayette Shirley, of Washington ;
Emma, wife of E. E. F>ong, Portland; Ettle, wife
of L. P. llosford; William M.. a inerehant of
East Portland; and Ava.

In politics Mr. Owen began as a Whig, but
has since been a Keiinblican since the organiza-
tion of that party, though never entering politi-
cal life except during his service as Justice of
the Peace in (JIackamaa county. Ilia life has
been (i<(voted to his businosA and his family, and
ho is now in the enjiyment of a pleasant home,
with his dear ones settled conveniently near him.

■'■ ■ — ^^m^m^^ —

I^OLOMON IlICIlARDSwas bom at Un-
ion, Montgomery county, ( )hio, Vugnst
8, 1820. The father, Jacob Richards, was
born and educated in Germany, where lie learned
the trade of millwright, which he subsequently
followed in Ohio, lie was also the inventor ot
an elevator and erected the lirst one in Union,
Ohio. The mother of our subject was of the
Glasgow family, her family being among the
early settlers of Pennsylvania, and were con-
nected with the Revolutionary ivar and other
Indian distui'bances.

While yet an infant Solomon was left an or-
plian and was then taken by his grandfather,
James Glasgow, a farmer, who raised him to
the age of fifteen years, when through the death
of Mr. Glasgow he was thrown npon his own
resources, lie then followed various occupa-
tions in lifdiana and Illinois, until 1842.

He was married in 1842, in Davis comity,
Iowa, to Sarah Sannde, and then settled, engag-
ing in farming. Through the death of his wife,
in 1844, he was quite broken up and so sold his
interests and went to St. Louis. On the tifth

day iif May, 1840, he Joined a large train of in-
de|ierideiitH, under etHiitnatid "f ("apt. duel
i'aliner. and started across the plains for Ore
gon. Stephen Meek was jiilot of' the train to
fort lidise, and tlicr(^ induced a porlinn of thi;
comiiaiiy to follow liini \>\ a shorter cut. but
through lack of knowleilge of that part <d' the
country, the party were lost and underwent
much sutTering and many deaths. Indignation
was so great that Meek's life was only ^parcel
by his escaping, by night, but "Meek's Ciitolf"
has become historic. ( )iir subject followed the old
trail and at (iramle Rmide, as food was getting
short, with three salmon skins for his support,
he struck out and the following day arrived at
the camp (d' l)octor Whitman, at I'matilla.
After a few days of rest he again proceeded on
his journey, and. via Columbia river, in an In-
dian canoe, he arrived at Vancouver, ( )ctober 11.
I84ij. in a tattered and torn condition, with but
the clothes u|ion his back, si.x cents in his po(^ket
and the shoes almost gone from his feet. lie
soon loiind occujiation at plowing, wages i[tl
per day, to be paid in wheat, whose value
was SI jier bushel, wheat being then the
legal tender. He thus procured a supply of
wheat and then rented a ])iece of land on shares,
tools and teams to be furnished and thus put in
his first crop, thus securing his first start in life
in the great West. In the spring of 184() he
took up a doiiai ion claim of l>4() acres, on the
present site of Linnton. The land was heavily
timbered, but by degrees he cleared out about
fifty acres for small farm and garden. In l''ebrii-
ary, 184G, he subscribed for "The Spectator,"'
the first paper published in Oregon. It was a
weekly, ])ul)li8licd in Oregon Oity and was a
single folio, about ten inches scpiare, subscrip-
tion being five bushels of wheat per year. This
])aper published the State laws anil in the justice
courts was the only text-biiok.

In 1848 Mr. Ilichards was married to Sarah
Johnson and then becan extendinir his interests
upon the ranch liy purcliasing stock, and through
the starting of mills he was able to dispose of
some of his lumber. In 1851 he began setting
out an orchard of apples, plums and peaches,
])urchasing trees of Mr. Llewellyn, the pioneer
nurseryman of the State, who brought his trees
acro.ss the plains.

In 1854 his second wife died, and two years
later he married his third wife, Margaret (Moore)
Tilford, and she too died, in 1879. lie was
again married January 4. 1882, to Rosenna

'^,

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

1.25

■ 50 "^^ ■■■

■^ 1^ 12.2
1^ Ufi 12.0

1.8

U ■ 1.6

Hiotographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

°;<^^^^

iif.'^L^

[/.

014

HISTORY OF ORBOON.

(Sliarr) Kaiser, o. German descent, who crossed
the plains to Oregon, in 185'J, and witli lier
husband, Andrew ivaiser, purcliased 150 acres
of land, aJjoinin<f Mr. Richards' property, at
Linnton, which land she still letains. Mrs. Kai-
ser had three children: Jjanrence S., Rose C.
and William F.

Mr. Richards was elected Jnstice of tlio
Peace and held that office for three years and
then declined to serve any fnrther. Ilis court
was based npon etjnity and many cases were
settled l)y him without trial. In 1857 he
started a bnttor dairy, witli twenty-three cows.
In May, 1883, he purchased improved property
on the corner of Fourteenth and Everett streets,
to which he has added other buildings and the
family now reside at No. 509 E street.

Resulting from his first three marriages Mr.
Richards had four children, namely: George
W. .Johanna, wife of MarkCranda; Commodore
I*.; and Mahaly, wife of R. S. Uavis. Doctor of
Medicine and drn-rgist.

Mr. Ricliards has retired from active business,
being somewhat infirm, but is still engai^ed in
the care of the combined properties of himself
and wife.

fROF. l^HENEZER COOK, proprietor of
Cook's Musicjil Institute of Portland, is a
native of Genesee county, New Vork,
born in IS-t't. I lis ancestors settled in America
early i:: the seventeenth century, and on his
mother's side descended in a direct line from
(^doiiel Warner of Revolutionary fame. The
Pi'ofessor's parents, William and Mary (Church-
ill i Cook, were natives of New York and Ver-
mcnt. respectively, his father being an architect
by ori)fe4sion. Of their nine childre'i, Ebonezer
is tie oldest, and is one of (he four who are
still living. By virtue of being (he oldest he
was CTiven the name of Ebenezer, which name
has oescended to the oldest sons of the family
for a number o*" generations.

He received his elementary education at
Rochestor New York. With the breaking
out of the war in IsOl, iie enlisted at Ber-
gen, August 22, as Musician in the One
Hundred and Twenty-ninth New York Vol-
unteers, which ultimately became the Eighth
Heavy Artillery. He was connected with the
regimental band, and finally with the brigade

band of the Secomi Brigade, Second Division,
Second Corps of the Army of the Potomac,
under Generals Hancock and Humphreys. In
the time of action, the musicians were engaged
on tlie field with stretchers in removing the
wounded, and were freijuently called upon for
acts of bravery in the discharge of duty. At
the evacuation of Cold llarlwr the band was not
notified, and continued its music until ordered
to retreat, which order was not given until the
last of the corps was well under way to the
James river. Mr. Cook passed through many
battles and skirmishes, and was at Appomatto.x
at the final surrender in 1865. Through fa-
tigue, caused by the rapid return march to
Richmond, he contracted a fever and was con-
fined to the hospital in Washington for many
weeks, unable to take part in tlie grand review,
though he witnessed it from a distance, and
was not discharged until 'some time after the
regiment was disbanded.

After his discharge Mr. Cook returned to
New York State. He taught vocal music, hav-
ing evening classes, and in this way was en-
abled to pursue his academic education at the
State Normal School at Brockport, where he
graduated in 18^7. His natural talent for music
was developed through private instruction and
also by an advanced course of study at the
Allegany Academy of Music and in i e city
of Baltimore. In 1868 he began teaching
music tlirough Ohio, Iowa and Michigan, and
continued thus employed until 1878. That
year he removed to Portland, Oregon, and
opened Cook's Musical Parlors, for vocal and
instrumental instruction. Through his long
experience in teaching and thorougli knowl-
edge of the technique, his school immediately
sprang into successiul prominence. In 1883,
with increased accommodations in the Abing-
ton building, and improved facilities, the name
was changed to Cook s Musical Institute, which
has continued with marked success and popu-
larity Professor Cook has had under his train-
ing some of the finest performers of the North-
west. He now has five competent assistants,
his musical instruments are all of the very best
manufacture, and his institute is complete in
its every department. •

Professor Cook was married at Leslie, Mich-
igan, in 1868, to Miss C. A. Tyler, a lady of
culture and musical education. Their only
child. Miss May, inherits the musical talents of
her parents, which iiave been cultivated under

lirSTOIiV OF OttEOON.

615

tlieir caret'ul superviVion, and bIib has developed
into a pianJKte of remarkable ability.

The Professor is aiiieniher of George Wrijflit
Post, Vj. A. II. Kleven hours each diiy he gives
to iiistnietion, and therein tinds rest and rec-
reatiun. He is, indeed, a man devoted to his
profesBion.

' • '^^^^

A. FIJNN. M. D.. a resident of Kast
Portland, is one of tiie prominent phy-
<» sicians of this city. Of his life the
following brief record is made:

Dr. M. A. Plinii was born 'n VVestchester
connty. New York, i.i 1841. Ills parents,
natives of Ireland, emijjrated to America in
1840. They located in Aul>nrn, New York,
about 1843. and in 1858 moved to Dodge
county, AVisconHin. Of their eight children tlie
subject (if our sketch was the tirst born. His
early educational advantages were good, but
after they moved to Wisconsin he attended
school very little, his time being spetit chiefly
in work on the farm. At that time the coun-
try WHS wild and unbroken. They cleared up
and improved eighty acres of land and on it
raised wheat and stock.

In 1800 the subject of our sketch began the
study of medicine, studying as opportunity
afforded. In 1863 he came to the Picitic coast,
making tlie journey via the Isthmneof Panama,
and after about one year spent in the vicinity of
Oakland he went to the mines of Idaho. Al-
though meeting with fair success in the mines,
the business seemed to him too uncertain, so he
came lo eastern Oregon an<l engaged in the
stock business. In 1869 he sold out, removed
to Salem, and resumed the study of medicine in
tiie office of Drs. Carpenter & Chase, attend-
ing lectures at the Willamette University. In
1871 he was appointed resident physician at
the Warm Springs Indian agency, which posi-
tion he lilled six months, lli, then returned to
Salem, attended his last course of lectures, and
graduated at the medical department of Willam-
ette University in 1872. lietnrning to the
Indian agency, he remained until 1875, when
he resigned and located at Vancouver, Wash-
ington, where he conducted a general practice
until 1877. That year he removed to (-Jorvais,
Marion county, this state, where, in partner-
tthip with Dr. W. A. Custick, be had a large

and lucrative j)rac.tice. In April, 1885, Dr.
Fliiin came to East Portland, and here he has
since been prominently identifled with the
medical profession. With the organixalion of
the medical tiepartmeiit of the University of
Oregon in 1887, Dr. Flinn was elected to the
chair of Physiology, which position he still
occupies, devoting three mornings of each week
to lectures. lie has taken an active interest in
the upbuilding of this institution.

Dr. Flinn was married at the Dalles in 1871,
to Miss Amanda McOorkle, a native of Oregon
and a daughter of William jMcCorkle, an Oregon

Jioneer of 1852. Her grandfather, Captain
ohn Smith, was aj)pointed Indian agent by
President Lincoln in 18(51, and served up to tlie
time of his death in 1882.

Politically, Dr. Flinn has always been a
Hepnblican. He was elected to the Legislature
in 1875, and at (lervais serveil as President of
of the (Jity Council. In 1877 he became im-
pressed with the sure prosjjerity of East Port-
land, and purchased property in that locality,
which he has improved and which, by the

frowth of the city, has become very valuable,
n 1876 Dr. Flinii joined the Oregon State
Medical Society, of which he is still an hon-
ored member.

^-^•^---

II L T ON W. SMI T II.— Among the
younger lawyers of Portland, Oregon,
who have attained positions of trust and
responsibility, we find the gentleman whose
name heads this sketch.

Mr. Smith was born inAurora, Marion county,
Oregon, July 16, 1855. His father, David
Smith, a native of Ohio, moved to La Grange
county, Indiana, in boyhood, and upon a farm
in that county was reared to habits of thrift and
industry. With the emigration of 1851 he
crossed the plains to Oregon, atid located a do-
nation claim of 320 acres in Marion county. He
was subsequently married to Miss Ann Maria
White, who had crossed the plains from La
Grange county, Indiana, to Oregon in 1852.
They lived on a farm near Aurora until 1856,
when they sold out and removed to Yam Hill
county, near La Fayette, and continued agri-
cultural pursuits. Later, they removed to
Forest Grove, where they now reside. They
have two children, Milton W. and Henry C, the

IlltiTORY OF OilEdOfi.

latter being a iiraeticing jiliysiuiHii at Tacoiiia.

Milton W. was primarily educated at La
Fayette, and (.'oinpleted his classical course at
the University of the I'aeitic at Forest (-Jrovc,
^railiiating with honor in .liine, 1878, receivin<r
the degree of A. 15. He then couiinenced the
study of law in the othce of Judge Matthew I'.
Deady, Unitci I States District tludgc, and was
admitted to the har in Marcli, 1881. Immedi-
ately eiiga<j;ing in n general practic, his progress
has ht'cn rapid and successful.

lie was married in Portland, October 5, 1881,
to Miss Alice Sweek, a native of Oregon, and a
daui;liter of John and Maria Sweek, pioneers of
1852 from Missouri. Air. and Mrs. Smith have
two children, liuth and Josephine Esther. They
reside on (Surrey street, between 'Kelly and
Hood streets, South Portland, where he has just
completed a handsome and substantial home.
He has other large interests in improved and
nniinproveil business and residence property.

Mr. Smith's law library contains hundreds of
volumes, which bear evidence of his deep re-
search a!nl scudions habits. He has devoted
much iittention to corporation law and land
titles and has thereby attained a commendable
reputation among financiers and money loaners,
Jiy all who know him he is regarded as a man
of sound judgment, strict integrity, and more
than ordinary ability.

— **

^•P^

fB. KELLOGG.— For upward of twenty
years, Mr. J. R. Kellogg has been con-
<* nected with hotel life in the cityot" Port-
land. He was born in liichland county, Ohio,
in 1820. His parents Sylvanus and Isabelle
(Long) Kellogg were natives of Pennsylvania,
snb.><eqnently settling in Ohio, where Mr. Kel-
logg engaged in the farming and tanning busi-
ness. In 1837 he removed to Steuben county,
Indiana, where he built the first tannery in that
section of the country, and there conducted aii
CAtensive business, and there both parents were
laid in their tinal resting places. They had
si.x children, four of whom are now living.

J. IJ. Kellogg was educated at Ontario Col-
lege in Lagrange county, and lived with his par-
ents until ab( lit twenty-one years of age, en-
gaging in farm duties, or assisting his father
about the tannery. In the spring of 1850 he
went to Elkhart. Indiana, and engaged in team-

ing. AikI in 1852 he crossed the plains. He
started with one s|)ring wagon and two horses,
and three ox teams, well equip])cd with three
cows to supply milk on the journey. Si.\
months were consumed in crossing, but with
plenty of provisions, and no trouble with the
Indiatis, they had a pleasant trip, and landed at
the Dalles. There rafts were built, upon which
were loaded the wagon, women and children, and
the cattle were driven down the trail. At the
Cascades portage was made and thence with
"Jimmie" Stephens and his ferry-boat they
came to Portland, where they lan(ie<1, October
22. 1852, the town site chietly covered with
brush and timber. They then proceeded to
Washington county and proceeded to locate
donation claims, while subject and James Ben-
nett also leased a sawmill and engaged in the
lumber business, rough lumber selling at $25
per 1,000 feet. This was continned about three
years, when Mr. Kellogg sold his interest in the
mill, bnt still resided upon the farm, whore he
engaged in the manufacture of Spanish saddle
trees, which he covered with rawhide. In this
he built up quite an extensive trade. He also
purchased leather from Amos King and started
harness-making, selling his iirst harness for 800.
In 1867 he sold his farm and settled in Port-
land, in the dairy business until 1809, when lie
purchased a large residence on Madison street,
between Front and F'irst streets. He made
some additions to the house and then started a
hotel, which he operated until 1873, then in
partnership with Squire Ilisley, and they opened
a hotel on the corner of Parent and Morris
streets, and jnstasthey were nicely started the
great lire of 1873 swept through the city and
destroyed all of their p'isseasions. Cast 'lown,
but not disheartened. Mr. Kellogg immediately
rented a three-story building on the corner of
Second and Alder streets, and in the morning
following the fire he was furnishing meals.

In 18S2 Air. Kellogg opened the Merchants'
Hotel, on the corner of Thinl and D streets,
and operated that for three years, and then ro-
turne<l to the National Hotel, where he con-
tinned as the popular host, until August 10,
18fll, then selling to the firm composed of his
son Ernest, and I). E. Perley, who are continu-
ing the business.

Our subject was married in the spring of
1852, to Miss Jane Davies, daughter or James
Davies. This nnion was blessed with throe
children: Ida, wife of J. O. Hawthorn, of As-

nrsTonr of oheoon.

«n

toria; Ernest E.; and Annie, wife of 11. D.
Lonif, of Fresno, California. Mr. Kcllogif ia
the only snrvivin^ charter meinlmr of the Sa-
inaritan Lodge, No. 2. I. O. (). F., and is a
niemiier of the Ellison Encampment, also K.
of 1*. lie owns valuable proptM'ty on the cor-
ner of Fifth and Market streets, and also at
Fonrteenth and N streets, East Portland, where
he resides, lie is a Repuhlican in politics, and
has served one term as a tnemlier of the Com-
mon Council. In 1801 he was elected Assessor
of Washinj^ton county two years, then acted as
Deputy Sheriff for two years longer. lie is
genial in his relations with mankind, and en-
joys the respect of a largo circle of ac(jiiaint-
ances.

•^ON. LANSING STOUT, deceased, was
born in Watertown,.reiferson county. New
York, March 27, 1828. Endowed with a
legid mind, he entered upon the stndy of law in
the office of Hon. Ira Harris, of Albany, New
York, lie emigrated to California in 1852, and
in the fall of 1855 was elected Assemblyman
from Placer county, to the State Legislature.
He was among the youngest members, and it
was his tirst appearance in a large delibera-
tive assenibly. but he favoral)ly impressed all
with wliom he was brought into legislative com-
niiinication by his courteous manner, manly
conduct and tiie inflexible resolution with which
he adhered to party jr principle, as well as by
the ripeness of iiis judgement. He served his
term with credit to himself and his constituency.
In the spring of 1857, he came to Oregon and
located permanently at Portland. He soon
formed a law partner8hi|) with Colonel William
II. Farrar, the United States Attorney for the
Territory. His pleasing address and the ability
lie displayed in his profession soon won forhi(n
valuable friends and a lucrative practice. At
the tirst election under the State Constitution
he was elected County Judge of Multnoinali
county, upon the Democratic ticket, and his
popularity was evinced by his handsome ma-
jority, while the rest of the ticket was defeated.
At the first Deuiocratic State Convention fol-
lowing the admission of Oregon into the Union
Judge Stout was nominated as the candidate for
Congress, and was subseinumtly elected and
Bcrved bis term of two years with marked

ability. Among the inijwrtant meat<ures to his
own State, of which he was the acknowledged
champion in the House, weie the daily overland
mail between Sacramento and i'ortland. and the
j)8yment of the Oregon and Washington Terri-
tory Indian war ilebt. Ho was a member of the
memorable committee of one from each State
on the occasion of the secession of the tirst
seven Southern States which withdrew their re-
presentation in Congress, and in other impor-
tant measures peculiar to that eventful period
he was selected to bear part.

He was married at Lconardtown, Maryland,
in 18(51, to Miss Susan Plowden (now the wife
of llaleigh Stott, Esq., ex-Judge of the Circuit
Court, Portland) and returned to I'ortland in
18(53, where he resumed the practice of his pro-
fession.

In 1868 he was elected to the State Senate,
and his sagacity and superior management were
potent factors in the Democratic successes of
that year. During the closing days of the Sen-
ate he contracted the disease, whicii ultimately
resulted in his death March 4, 1871. Uy his
death Portland lost one of her foremost citizens
and Oregon one of her ablest public men. As
a lawyer he maintained high rank among the
soundest counselors and most eminent barristers
in the State. His eldest son, Lansing Stout, is
Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court at Portland,
and his second son, George C. Stout, is a rising
young lawyer, and an active worker in the in-
terest of the Democratic party.

RS. SAMUEL A. & ELLIS C. BUOWN,
medical practitioners of Portland, Oregon,
wei" 'lorn i;i ivenosha county, Wisconsin,
in 1852 Kiiu 1853, resjKJCtively,

Samuel 13rown, their father, a son of George
Prown. of Shipley, near Huddersfield, York-
shire, England, emigrated to America in 1848,
and was among the early settlers of Wisconsin.
He engaged in farming there until 1855. In
1851 he was married to Miss Hannah Ellis,
daughter of James Ellis of Shipley, England,
and in 1855 they removed toCerroGordo county,
Iowa, where they pre-empted land and lived on
a farm until 18(39. In tliat year they came to
On^gon, settled in Clackamas county, one mile
cast of New Era, and still reside at that place,
engaged in farming and stuuk-ruising. (>f the

iiisTour OF (mF.aoN.

eight children bom to them, seven are still liv-
ing: Samuel A. and Ellis C. being the two old-
est. The others are William W., liobert J.,
George II., Mary K., Sarah .1. and liachaul Hrown.

Samuel A. and EUiij C. were educated in the
same institutionB, tirst in the common schools
of lowu and Oreffon. They then spent three
years in the Oregon City Seminary at Oregon
City, after which they entered the normal school
at San Jose, California, where they graduated
in 1877. In 1880 they graduated in the
homeopathic medical department at Ann Ar-
bor, Michigan. Dr. S. A. Brown then returned
to Portland and commenced practice, while his
brother went to New York city and took special
courses on the eye, ear and throat, according to
homeopathic and allopathic treatment, and
graduated at both the JS'ew York Ophthalmic
llospita! and the New Y'ork Opthalinic and
Aural Institute. He then located at Canton,
Ohio, and coinujenced practice, engaging only
in tha treatment of eye, oar and throat. In the
spring of 1883 he returned to Portland, since
which time the brothers have have been con-
ducting a successful and lucrative practice to-
gether, with the e.xcepiiou of the time spent
abroad liy Dr. S. A. Brown. In 1891 ho visited
New York and extended his trip to Europe and
to the leading representative medical institutions
of London and Edinburg, and by special study
gathered such advanced ideas of disease and its
treatment as taught in their medical colleges.

The brothers are both members of the State
and County Homeopathic Medical Society, and
hold positions of prominence among the medi-
cal profession of the city and State.

Dr. S. A. Brown was married in Portland.
Deeeml)er 1, 1890, to Miss Mary E. t^ook,
daughter of George C. Cook, of Mount Tabor.

t(MiIlIS R. COX, D. D. S., is a native of
the State of Oregon, horn near Salem,
Marion county, in 1855. His paternal
gramifather. Thomas Cox, was numbered among
the pioneers of 1847. He was a merciiant at
Wilmington, Illinois, and being unable to dis-
pose of his stock without great sacrifice, he de-
termined to transport the goods across the
plains. The train was composed of twenty-
eight wagons, each drawn by four yoke of oxen,
and the freight was valued at $7,500. This was

the largest and best equipped train that ever left
Illinois on the long and weary journey to the
I'acitic coast. At St. Joseph, Missouri, the
caravan was increased to forty wagons, with a
largo number of horses, cattle and sheen. The
trip was made without serious trouble iroin the
Indians, or great loss of live stock until reach-
ing the Cascade range of mountains, when they
encountered a driving rain-storm, accompanied
by sleet ah ^ snow; the cattle were greatly re-
duced i(^ tiesli and strength, and so succumbed
to ilie S'lverity of the storm, the loss being very
serious. The mountain trails were made so
ditticult that the goods were left, and afterward
carried to the end of their destination by In-
dian ponies. The company arrived at Salem,
October 16, 1847, eight months and sixteen
days from the date of leaving Wilmington,
Illinois.

Mr. ('ox immediately opened a store in Salem,
which was the piouet*r mercantile establishment
of the place. His son William ei;gaged in
trade with him, and they replenished their stock
from San PVancisco, three months being con-
sumed in making the round trip.

In 1849 William Cox was married to Miss
Adeline V. Saucier, a lady ot French descent,
who came to Oregon, in 1847, with her mother
and stepfather, Mr. Crump; Mr. (Jrump was
the first postmaster of Salem. Mr. Cox de-
voted himself to his mercantile interests un-
til 1853, when he turnetl his attention to
farming, and settled on a tract of 320 acres in
the Santiam bottom. He was a very success-
ful horticulturist, and propagated the Cox cling-
stone peach, one of the leadinff varieties of the
State. On account of increaseil supply and
lack of market, in 1859, Mr. Cox started the
pioneer distillery for the manufacture of peach
brandy. He sold his ranch in 1861. and re-
moved to Walla Walla, taking with him a band
of cattle; he engaged in the live-stock trade,
which he continued until his death, in Septem-
ber, 1865. He left a widow and six children.
As there were no good schools at W^alla Walla,
Mrs. Cox removeil with her family to Salem,
and there she still resides. Norris R. Cox, the
fourth of the family, attended the Willamette
University until the spring of 1878, when he
came to Portland, and began the study of den-
tistry, with Dr. J. G. Glenn, a pioneer of 1852,
who located at Portland, soon after his arrival,
and then travele<l between Albany and Victoria,
B. C, in the practice of his profession; when

IllSTOnr OF OliKOON.

619

tlie ])opnlatioii of Portland had j^roxvii to siifti-
cieiit proportions, J)r. Glenn f^ave up traveliii<;.
Dr. Cox remained witii Dr. (Jlenn until 1SS3,
and tlien took a course of ieutures at the I'liila-
delpliia Dental College, from wliicli lie was
graduated with honor in 1884, receiving tlie
degree of D. I). S. He then came hack to
Portliind, and the firm of Glenn & Cox was
formed, continuing until the death of Dr.
Glenn.

Dr. Cox was married at Portland October 22,
1880, to Miss Lillie B. (ilenn, a native of Port-
land, and the only child of Dr. J. G. Glenn.
Two children have been born of this union,
only one survivinj;, a son named Walter. The
Dflctor is a member of the Congregational
Church, and belongs to Willamette Lodge, No.
2, A. F. & A. M. Outside of ottice hours he
has given considerable attention to real estate,
and has invested quite extensively about Van-
couver and Centralia, Washington; he is one of
the leading stockholders of the Centralia rail-
road.

[AMES LAIDLAW, British Vice-Consul at
the port of Portland, was born in Fisher-
ton, Aryshire, Scotland, January 23, 1847.
His father, James Laidlaw, was born near
Annan, where his ancestors had resided for
many generations, engaged in agricultural pur-
suits. Mr. Laidlaw, Sr., was educated as a
minister of the established church of Scotland,
and while preaching at Newcastle parish, Cum-
berland, he met and married Miss Hannah,
Goodfellow, a native of that locality. They re-
moved to Fisherton, and subsequently to Wan-
lockhead, Dumfries-shire, where he was minis-
ter for forty years. At that place the subject
of our sketch received the greater part of his
education.

At the age of fourteen years he entered the
employ of Cross, Wedderspoon & Co., foreign
merchants of Glasgow, and with them retnained
until 1867, when he went to Valparaiso, Chili,
and entered the house of Cross & Co., in charge
of the foreign shipping department, continuing
until the fall of 1871. He then came to Ore-
gon and located at Portland, and soon after hie
arrival here established the house of James
Laidlow &Co. in the foreign shipping and com-
mission business, and continued under that

name until November 1, 1872, when H. .f. (tate
was admitted, and the tirin became known as
Laidlaw & (iate. February 18, 1874, Mr. Gate
retired, and the firm was again changed to
James Laidlaw & VjO., under which name it is
still doing business. -

In 1874 Mr. Laidlaw was appointed Britinli
Vife-(3on8ul, and still holds that important
otiice. In 1874 there were seventy-three I'rit-
ish vessels entered the port of Portland, with a
register of 38,235 tons. The cash value of ex-
ports of wheat and flour amounted to §3,591,-
31(); imports. *491,3tt9. In 1891 153 British
ships entered the port, of 155,625 tons of rei;is-
ter; exports in wheat and flour, §6, 218, 525;
imports, $972,012.

Mr. Laidlaw was married July 21, 1875, to
Miss Louise Carpenter, daughter of Dr. Hugh
Smith Carpenter, of Brooklyn, New York, by
i whom he had two sons, James Ernest and Hugh
! Alexander. Mrs. Laidlaw died August 21,
1886. November 5, 1890, he was married at
Portland to Miss Charlotte C. Stout, oldest
daughter of Hon. Lansing Stout, deceased, a
biography of whom appears elsewhere in this
work.

Mr. Laidlow was one of the organizers and
manager o'f the Columbia Canning Company.
He was one of founders of the British Benevol-
ent Society, and for many years its honored
president. He has been a member of the
Chamber of Commerce since its inception as
originally organized, and has always taken an
active part in all matters pertaining to the
development of Portland and the Stale of
Oregon.

^W^

fH. PORTE-R, Captain of Company C,
First Regiment, O. N. G., is a native of
» Wexford, Ireland, born in February, 1870.
lie was educatetl in the private schools of the
town of Wexford, and was afterward apprenticed
to the trade of watchmaking with a prominent
manufacturer. In 1884 he emigrated to the
United States with his parents, and after spend-
ing one year in Chicago, they came to Portland
for pertnanent settlement. Captain Porter was
then employed by A. Feldenheimer for a year,
and at the end of that time accepted a respon-
sible position with L. C. Honricnsen, the lead-
ing jeweler of Portland.

620

msroHY OF oimnoN.

Tli« military odiicatioii of tiio Captain was

iic(liiire(i in Compiuiy (", First liofrjineiit, (). N.
(i. Tliis cuiiMiRiiy WHS recruited hy M. CI.
iiiittertielti to tlii> imintier of forty-tlirce men,
unci with tlic or^iinizatiun litid swearing in of
the eonijmny liy Coloni'l I'l'ube, Sontcnibi-r 17,
188S, ^fr. "I'lit'ttTlield was elt-cted tli(* First
Captain; Mr. .Mi-lvay, First Licntenant, and .Mr.
("liase, Second IJeutuinint. Through tlm resig-
nation of Messrs. McKay and ('base, in 18!K),
IJ. C. Towne was elected First Lieutenant, and
Serifcant Castro, Second Lieuteiumt. In A|)ril,
18iJl, Lieutenant Towne resif^ned, and Second
Lieutenant Castro was elected First Lieutenant,
while Mi: I'orter was promoted from Sergeant
to Second Lieutenant.

With tile expiration of a term of three years,
September 17, IS'Jl, Captain HutterKehl sent in
his resiiriiation; at a subsequent meetinj» Second
Lieutenant I'orter was elected (Captain of the
company, and Lieutenant Castro resiiriiiuff in
Novemi)cr, 18'Jl. The |)reseiit First Serj^eant,
F. L. lieniniiiigton, has had an experience since
the orcrani/.ation of the company, and is a valued
member of tiie orijanization.

Many chaufjes have come to this company
among the otficers and tile, but five of the
original members remaining in line. The forty-
nine men which are still upon the roll testify to
the active interest in maintaining ti>e standard
of the company; and, notwithstanding the fact
that this ia almost the youngest company in
I'ortland (Company 11 havincr been since organ-
ize<l). it is in no sense lacking in etlieiency of
drill. The company being without a first and
scconil lieutenant, the vacancies were tilled by
an election lield in January. Captain Porter is
a wise disciplinarian, and through his energy
and zeal the company is being brought to the
highest mark of military e.xcellence.

fUSTFS F. KUUMBEIN, one of the prom-
inent and highly respected uiti/.ens of
Fortland, has for more than twenty years
been engaged in architectural work in this city.
Mr. Krumbein was born near Hamburg, Ger-
nniny, in 1847. where for generations his an-
cestors had resided, following the occupation of
foresters to the Danish Government. The eil-
ucation of our suliject was received in the schools
of his native town. At the age of fifteen ho

began learning the trade of carpenter, whicii
trade he followed during the summer months, in
the chief cities of (lernnmy, France and Switz-
erland, the winter mouths being passed at the
I'olytechnic School, at Hanover, where he stud-
ied architecture in all its several branches.
After five years of faithful study, he graduated
in 18(i7, receiving high lionors. He then worked
as draughtsman in the leading architectural
offices of Hamburg, until 18()'J, when, with the
growing belief that America offered a broader
field for his ability, lie emigrated to this coun-
try, coming direct to San Francisco, where he
arrived July 9, 1809, without a friend or ac-
quaintance. His skill soon procured him a sit-
uation, and he worked for the leading architects
there until the fall of 1871. Tiiat year he came
to Portlantl, tliere being no skilled architects
here, and for a short time was associated in
business with K. Burton, a contractor and
builder. In 1872 the firm of Ivrumbein & Gil-
bert was established, and otHces openeil for gen-
eral architectural work, Mr. (iilbert being chiefly
experienced as a draiightsinan. The first con-
tract of importance upon which Mr. Krumbein
figured, was the State (Capitol, at Saletn. in 1873,
when, in competition with San Francisco and
Eastern architects, his design was accepted, and
for two years he was engaged as sn[)orinteiident
of construction. In 1874 the above firm dis-
solved. Mr. Kvuml)ein then entered into part-
nership with Warren W. Williams, a skilled
architect from San Francisco, with whom he re-
mained until 1878. Since tliat date he has been
alone. In 1878 Mr. Krumbein designed the
old Mechanic's Fair pavilion and Turner Ilall,
. which were among the first prominent buildings
of the city, and among the spacious and elegant
residences he designed soon afterward, were
those of Captain Flanders and Dr. Wilson.
Among the representative business houses de-
signed by him we mention the Kamm, Arcade,
Mulkey ami Dodd blocks, etc. He also did a large
amount of work for W. S. Laild, Governor I'en-
noyor, L. White, K. Corbett, Henry AVeinhart,
and other citizens of wealth and prominence.
St. Mary's Home, at Beaverton, and the college
buildings at McMinnville, were of his plans and
superintendence. His drawing of the St. Vin-
cent Hospital, 460 feet frontage, and contaiti-
ing six stories, costing $250,000, were accepted
in competition with the representative archi-
tects of San Francisco, Chicago anil Boston.
Mr. Krumbein was married in Portland, in

IIIHTOHY OF OHEOON

631

1883, to Miss OHssio Gautonbuin, a native of
Biiltiitiore. Tlioy luivn twd oliildrun, Ilc^'liort
and Waldo. Tiie Tainiiy rusidtMin the coi'iiorof
E and I''il'teontii ntrouts, wiierc Mr. iCi'iiinl)niii
erected a imiidsoine liouic in 18M3.

lie irt now encfa)^oi| in the wori< of coinpletin};
tliedoinoof tlie State (Japitol. Tiiis dome ih sixty
feet square at the root' of the iniildini;, and risen
100 feet. It is built of steul and copper, and
has nnineroiis windows. Willi the rapid devel-
opment of Portland, Mr. Krumbeiii liaK. kept
steadily abreast, and still stands in the front ranks
of his profession.

-ktJ^

>»•*>-

fLARK HAY was born in Springdale,
Ilamilton county, Ohio, March 10, 1H17.
His father was a native of Scotland, who
emigrated to America about 1800 and setthid
in New .Jersey, where be learned the trade of
shoemaker, and in 1800, with a horse team he
drove to Cinciiipati, Ohio, and there settled and
engaged in his trade. He was married, in 1811.
to Miss liachel Woodrou^jb, a native of Ohio.
Her ancestry emigrated from Holland to New
England, with the Puritans, and were active
participants in the war of the Revolution. After
ntiarriaj^e Mr. and Mrs. Hay settled in Spring-
dale, wbere be continued bis trade, and also en-
gaged in farming, which be continued until his
death.

Clark Hay was bound out at the age of eleven
years and learned the trade of blacksmith, serv-
ing his time until he was twenty-one years of
age. He tlien started a shop in Springdale and
continued it with marked success. In 1853 he
sold his interests in Springdale and traveled to
Iowa Point, Missouri, by steamboat, and thence,
by ox teams across the phiins to the Dalles, by
which river and the Columbia they reached
Portland. The train numiiered seventy wagons
and 175 people, Mr. Hay serving as captain of
the company. They suffered no unusual hard-
ships rttid svrived at their destination, Portland,
(Jctober 17, 1853, after nearly seven m )nth8 of
travel.

Mr. Hay followed his trade as journeyman
for one year, and then opened a shop, which he
continued nntil 1880, when through a serious
accident he was obliged to retire from the busi-
ness. Recovering his health he worked up the
principles of the Washington Co-operative Life

Insurance Association, which was inc^orporatod,
April t), 1883, and he was ohicted treasurer mid
manager. The cumiiany have access to every
State for their business, with heail office at No.
20oA Second street, Portland, hi 1^51 Mr.
Hay inventCKl the screw on glass and filed ills
caviat, but through the excitement of coming
to Oregon he lost claim, and it reverted to other
hands and became extensively used.

Mr. Hay's political life began as a Whig,
and his first ])resi(|ential vote was cast for Will
iam Henry Harrison in ISlO. With the organi-
zation of the Republican party lie joine(l the
ranks, and has continued an advocate of Repuli-
lican principles. He is a consistent believer in
the ])rinciples of temperance, bis first pledge
having been given to bis nidtber, seventy years
ago. to which he has faithfully adhered, and,
tlie ruling injunctions of that mother's love
developed characteristics, which have been rul-
ing influences down the journey of life.

#H*^^^

K. HUNSAivER descends from essen-
tially pioneer stock, who emigrated from
* Switzerland to the United States in 1720,
settling in I'ennsylvania, and since that day
Inive been in the front rank of emigration, until
they rortcbed the Pacific coast in 18-18. Daniel
Ilnnsaker, the father of onr subject, was born
in Kentucky in 1803. and inheriting the migra-
tory proclivities of bis ancestors, be removed to
Illinois, locating upon the present site of Quincy.
He traded bis claim for a pair of ponies, with
which he continued bis journeyings. In 'ili-
nois he was one of the volnnteers of that State
wlio served during tlie Black Hawk war. He
was married in Illinois, to Miss Charlotte M.
King, a native of South Carolina, and together
they journeyed westward, settling in Missouri,
where he followed an agricultural life until
April, 1848, when he decided to cross the plains
to California, to join his son, Nicholas, who bad
preceded him in 1847. His outfit was com-
posed of four wagons, sixteen yokes of oxen,
and 125 head of loose cattle. His wife and
three children made that long journey witli
him. They journeyed witli Captain Wambo's
Oregon company to Fort Hall, and then took
the California trail. The country was infested
with Indians, not very hostile, but ever watch-
ful for an opportunity to steal the animals, and

OiS

Bl STORY OF OH MOON.

il wiiK only tiy lli»' uIiikpi*! vij/ilmici! tliiit tlicy
wtTi^ pii'Hcrvfd. Tin- ^tl•lllill); iitid li«r(li-lii[in of
tnivi'l rt-iliic-('(l tlii'ir stuck t<> itiicli iiii <>\tt'iit lliiit
wlii'ii tli«y roiiclii'tl llciiiciii, ('iilitiiriiiii, lliuir
oiittit was ix'tliici'il to two wiijfciiH, willi l)ut two
yoki'i* III oxi'li, anil coWi* Httiu'lit'il to eiu-li wagon,
and a few licad of loose cattli'. I'abtiinj; tlic
winter in I'l'iiii'ia. wliiidi wan (•onlp(>^'e<i of tin;
fainilicx of l)r. Simple, Major (iosper, Ilunca-
kiT and Tn.'-tin, in tlie npriTij; of 1849 tliey
iirosaed the Ktraitrt to (lontra (,'o»tft county, Cali-
lornia, and (Ku-iipied tlie olil ferry house, and
hegan euttino redwood and splitting; out Inin-
l«r. with which tliey linilt the first house in
Martinez, they lieini; the first white family in
the settlement. Mr. Ilunsaker hel|)ed organize
the county, and was the first (,'ounty Treasurer
under the Territorial government. In 1850 he
purchased 1, ()()() acres of land iienr Oakiaud,
which he occupied, engajjed in fanning and
stock-raising, hringing this farm to a fine state
of cultivation. Under the unjust law defend-
ing floating claims, his property was claimed
and he was c()m|K;lled to aliandon the product
of his eighteen years" lalior. He then removed
to Tulare county in 1868, and settled upon IfiO
acres near Woodland, where he still resides,
n^ed eighty-nine, with his faithful wife, the
I artner of his joys and sorrows, aged eighty-five
years. To this union were added four cliildreii,
three of whom survive: Nicholas, engaged in
farming and stock-raising in Arizoini; .lose|)h,
living with his father; and 11. K., the suhject
of this sketch. Jnn)es (J. was lost in the fatal
wreck of the lirother Jonathan, in 1864.

II. K. Ilunsaker was horn in Missouri, in
1838. lie accompanied his father and family
across the plains, ami remained with them on
the ranch, engaged in farm work, emhrncing
such primitive educational advantages as were
oU'ered him. In 1855 he engaged in mining
upon the Merced river, with no great gains. In
1858 he WHS sent to tlie McMinnvilh' College.
Vam Ilill county, Oregon, which was then con-
ducted liy President Chandler, where were edu-
cated some of the most j)roniinent men of the
State. In 1861 he returned to (Jalifornia and
engaged in school-teaching in Contra Costa
county. In 186!) he was appointed Under
Sheriff hy Warren Hrown, and hy liis successor,
M. B. Ivory, remaining in that position until
the spring of 1873, when he came to Oregon
and located u|)on French prairie, where ho
farmed for three years, and afterward followed

the sheep liusiness In eastern Oregon until
187U, when he located in I'ortland and engaged
in tiie real-eslate husiness until 18ii(>, when he
joined the partnership of Cardwell ii l.ippin-
cott, in tlie custom-housi!, hrokerage and gi'ueral
real estate husiness, in whi(di he is still engaged.
Mr. lluneaker was niarrietl in Marion county,
in 1860, to Miss Susanana Jones, daughter of
S. W. K. Jones, a pioneer »)f 1853. Mr. and
Mrs. Ilunsaker have had four childri^n, inimely:
Silas K.; Kthel L., wife of F. L. l.eutherland,
of I'ortland; Arthur K. and Zoie. The family
have a heautiful hcune at Fulton Park. Mr.
Ilunsaker represented tin; county of Marion in
the State Legislature in 1876, to which (lositioii
he was elected hy the Kepiihlican party, to
which party he is a coneistunt adherent.

tFV. II. II. CKOSIFK, nn Oregon pioneer,
and one of the liighly resjiected citizens of
I'orthunl, was ho'-n in Somerset, Ver-
mont, Decemher 1, 1837. Ills parents, liodney
and Maria (Easterly) Crosier, itko natives of
Vermont, moved to Stamford, Hennington
county, al)out 1839, where the wife and mother
died. In 1849, Mr. Crosier having heen re-
married, to Mies Klioda Knowlton.of Williams-
town, Massachusetts, moved to New Lyme,
Ashtahula county, Ohio, his last move lajing ir
1854, to Uoseville, Warren county, Illinois.
All his life has heen passed in agricultural pur-
suits, and now at the advanced age of eighty-
three years lie still exercises a personal super-
vision over the inanagLuient of his farm, a tract
of 320 acres, on whicli he lives.

Rev. II. II. Crosier hegan teaching school at
an early »ge, thus adding to the funds which
secured his higher education at the Mount Mor-
ris Seminary, an institution then owne(l and
governed hy the Methodist Episcopal Church.
There young Crosier pursued his theologiciil
studies, and at the age of eighteen years was
licensed to jireach. At twenty-one he joitjed
the Centri"! Illinois Conference, his first pastor-
ate iieiiig "t Spring Hay, followed in regular
succession, according to the laws of the Meth-
odist (Church, with pastorates at Cappa, Dillon,
Ellison, Hlandenville, Mount Clinrch, South
Fairhtiry and Sheldon, all central Illinois
towns. Ids work at these places covering a
period of twelve years.

inaTOKY OF ORBOOS.

098

Ilo wiw inarried at Morton, Taz«\vell coiiiity,
IlliiioiH, Duc-uiiiIht 20, IStlt), to MUs .Icniiif
C'atiipliell, a lady of iiiitrkeil niitiital aii<l moral
quaiitixH, a ^railualu of Knox {'olle^e. She i»
a (laiigiiter of the late W. W. (;uni|)licll, a
proiniiieiit fartiicr of tiiat locality.

With thu ciiiripletion of Iiim patttoraU! at
Sheldon, t n account of failinj^ liualth, Mr. ('ro-
sier wan ot)]ifrL'(l to seek a inon* i'(|iial)k> cliniati*,
and in 1870. with IiIh fuinily. cjni^ratc.d to
Portland, Oregon, where the oxtrtjnieH of heat
and cold are not (icverc. In 1H72 lie jmichatiiid
six acren in what is now the town of Sunnysidc,
Portland, at that tiin^ there being few residents
in tills locality. The woods bordered him on
the north, and wolves, deer and hears were
occasionally seen here within one and on«-half
miles of the heart of I'ortland. Mr. t/rowicr
engaged in the fruit business, slotting out a
variety of det-idiious trees and some small fruits.
In 1874, M'ith somewhat improved health, he
engaged in the real-estate business at East Port-
land, which he continued about four years,
being the representative agent, and transacting
nearly all the business in rentals, etc. In 1877
he bought sixty acres bordering on the Union
Pacific railroad, which he has recently sub-
divided and laid out as Troutdale Park. In
1878 he returned to Illinois, and for one year
served as pastor of the Zion and Wauponsett
churches, aiul one year at Cameron, his children
during this time enjoying the advantage of ex-
cellent school facilities. lietuming to Portland
in 1880, he took charge of the church at Leba-
non for one year, and was one year at St. Helen.
At the end of that time failing health again re-
quired his retirement and less active life. In
tlie spring of 1887 Mr. Crosier subdivided his
six acres, as Crosier's addition to East Portland,
and in the fall of that year the adjoining lands
were platted and the town of Sunnyside became
a reality, and from the first has been rapidly
developed, and is now a part and parcel of
Portland proper.

Mr. and Mrs. Crosier have six children:
Oney M., Eddy H., Emma M., William R.,
Cora B. and Arthur B. Emma M. is now the
wife of Peter Schmeer, and Cora B. wife of
James M. Smith, of the city of Portland. Mr.
Crosier has been richly blessed in his family re-
lation, death never havitig entered his home
circle. He has just completed a conitnodious
and handsome residence on Thirty-firBt and
East Washington streets, where with his dear

onefl he lives ii quiet, retired and ha|)py liTt*;
and, ar> opportunity ami health permit", he t-till
engajjes, as he has in all thone yearx, in the
service of the church of his early choiix-.

— '^^:^^ —

(t. IIAIIKINS, |iropri((tor of the lOagle
.Marble Works, I'ortland, Oiegvin, is a
<* native of Lancaster, .lelferson county,
Indiana, born May ii, 1832.

His parents, (ieorge and Mary ((iritlilli) Har-
kins, mitives i>{ Pennsylvania, emigrated to In-
diana about 1820, and built their house in the
Woods. Mr. llarkitis often stood in his door
an<l shot deer and other wild game. There he
cleare<l land, and followed farming until his
death. He and his wife hud eleven (tinldren,
ten of whom lived t.t maturity. T. (i. Harkins
was the ninth child in the family.

At the ai;o of fifteen the subject of our sketch
went to Covington, Kentucky, and there served
an apprenticeship to the trade of stonecutter.
He then worked as a journeyman at various
places, and finally settled at Paris, Kentucky,
where he opened a marble shop, and C(jntinue(l
business until the opening of the liebellioii. At
once joining the Union forces, he served all
through the war intlio tjuartcrmaster's Depart-
ment, |)assing through many skirmishes, but
without accident to himself. In IStio he went
to Louisville, Kentucky, and was employed
under l,>r. John Speed, Postmaster, in general
service ui'til 18G7, when he engaged with the
Adams' ExprCoS Company, running as messenger
between Louisville, Nashville and Meniphis.
Proving his adaptability and trustworthiness,
he was subsequently put on the night run be-
tween Louisville and Seymour, Indiana, in
charge of the money shipments, a position of
great responsibility. On the night of May 22,
1868, the train was "held up" at the water
tank, near Marshfield, by the Keno gang. The
engineer and fireman were knocked off the en-
gine, and the express car was uncoupled from
the train and rapidly pulled out. The robbers
then broke into the express car, knocked Mr.
Harkins senseless with a car coupler, and threw
him from the train, after which they broke open
the safe and secured 8100,000. Mr. Harkins
was picked up and taken home, and for twelve
days lay unconscious. Upon his recovery he
accompanied Piukerton's detectives, and they

6J4

iiisroiiY OF oitKnoN.

Di'dinMl Hixl iiluiititiiM) thrvi> uf tlic ^niig, wlin
wi>ri> tricil iiikI liiing. lie cnntiiiiicil in llie
Fervici' III tlic fxjuoH ('iiiii|iiiiiy iiniil iNtiit.
ulii'li III" wiiH iipiKiinti'il liy the I'nitcd Miitcn
(niM'lliiriclit lis St(iifki'i'|itr nt' llic Scvfiitli l)iri
trii't in looking' liftfr ilihtillfrifH. >vitli li('ii(l(]iiiir-
tui'H at l.i'xiiigtdii. In tliHt (li'|iHi'tnu'nt hi-
rciniiiiK'il nntil 187Si. wlifn liv rfxlgnid nnd
ciiiiio til I'lirtlanil, Oregon.

Alter cnniinf; tiiOrcgim Mr. IlnrkinH re-
Hiiineii wnrk iit liin triule. lie v^iih enij'loyed
(in tlie enctonilioiisc iiml jiobt 'lilice liiLldin^'f
until 1875. Tliat jeiir lit; ;i|iehed u niiirldu
yard and enj^iii^ed in v'oneral cemetery work,
dealing in Italian and American inarlile and
American and Sc( tell (jranite moiinmi'nt«, which
liiisinchs he Imih 'ontiniicd to the iircxnt time.

Mr. Ilarkiiiit was married in |)anville. I!!i-
noic. in 1S(>1. to MisB Mary K. Miller, who

tirovfd heri'eir a devoted wife and lovin|4 mother.
Ilie de|iarted llii.x life in 1878, leaving neven
children. Mr. Ilarkinx kejit the little ones to-
gether nntil all were I'cHrcd and edncated. Their
namec are !i~ folhjWH: Klla I)., who now niiper-
inlendn the hoMsehold atiiiir!;; (>Hkley. a civil
enjiineer; Annie V., wife of E. liailey; Lena,
wife of ('apt. .in Claude Tronp. owner of the
steamer (ireyhound on I'nget Honnd; I'lora B.,
wife of Charles Steele; Mamie and (iracie M.
lie resides at No. 65i Kiuirth street. Portland,
where he owub valuahle jiroperty. comprisinj; n
fourth of a hlock. Mr. Ilarkins is a memherof
l*ari~ Chapter and Saddler Cominaiulery. t". &
A. M..at Paris. Keiitut ky. and is Past Master
of Portland l.odjre, A. ()."l . W.

tAMII/roN CAMPHKLL, deeeHsid. The
ancestry of Hamilton Cainjihell dates hack
thronj.'h a long anil distinjrnished lineage
to the Argyll' iliin of Scotland. Roliert Camp-
hell came to America late in the eighteenth
century and 1 ecame ]irominently eoniiected with
the gieat salt works of Kanawha county. Vir-
ginia. U'.' was a great genius in nieehanieal
work and surmounted every ohstacle in those
days of primitive machinery and convenienceB.
He was married loan estimable Scotch lady and
she bore him a number of children, tiie second
child being Hamilton, our subject.

This gentleman was horn in Kanawlia
county, June 12, 1812. I'roceeding with his

parviitfi to. Cincinnati, Ohio, and later to San-
gamon county. Illinois, his educational advan-
tages were iliM'onncclcd and somewhat circuni-
scribcd. His youthful inclination was toward
medicine and surgery, but his father insisted
upon his learning the trade of cabinet-maker,
wh.ch he ]iursucd very regretfully.

lie was married in Sangamon county Keitru-
ary 5, 1835, to Harriet li. Middle, born at Am-
herst Court House, Virginia. February 2. 1817.
The Middle family are of Knglish and Welsh
ancestry, who emigrated to Virginia at an early
day and followed the occupation of slavcholderB
and planters. Itenjamin Middle, tli(< father of
Mrs. Campbell, removed to Illinois and ' i.;::agL>d
in farming.

After marriage .Mr. and Mrs. ('ampbell set-
tled in Springfield, where Mr. Catn)ibell pur-
sued his trade until 1831), when they joined the
tniHsiiinary party enlisted by IJev. Jason I,ee to
come to Oregon to aid in the settlement and
civilization of the, then, almost unknown Terri-
tory. The missionary party was composed of
fifty white persons, men, women and children,
licsides the missionaries and teachers the party
eoiitaiiied practical farmers and artisans in wood
and iron, and our subject filled the position of
carjienterof the party. The comtiaiiy embarked
from New York in October. 1839, in the ship
I.ansane, Captain Josiah Spanlding in command,
with a cargo of snpplies for the new mission
and the more ptecious cargo of human souls,
wild were leavi?ig behind them their homes of
refinement and civilization to engage in a life
they knew nothing of, fused with the spirit of
Christ's teaching to carry the gospel to all peo-
ple. Hounding (^ape Horn, only stopping at
Rio and the Sandwich islands, in due jirogress
of time they entered the (^olnmbia river and
proceeded to the Willamette valley, and then to
the mission near Salem. Mr. Campbell assisted
in building the parsonage, and occupied it,
together with Rev. Gnstavns Hines, until the
completion of the institute, when he removed
to a portion of that building, as Mr. Lee placed
him in charge of the Indian school. He also
had control of the mission horses and cattle,
and at the close of the mission he was given the
first privilege of buying them, which he em-
braced and removed them to his donation claim
in the Cliehulpum valley. The closing meet-
ings of the mission were held in Mrs. Canip-
bell's parlor. Mr. Campbell was urged to join
the conference and engage as a circuit rider, but

uitiToiir OF onmiuN.

with hirt oMiur roripnnHibilitioH hu coiiM not hi!-
c.tspt. Ill' (lid, liowtH'ur, Ixicoino ii loc.til prmuluir
mill prciicliiiil ti) tliu Indiiiiici in tliuir own liiii-

With tlio (irj^iiiii .'tn of tliu " Hoavop "
iiioiuiy Mr. ()uiiipl)ell h,, ravml tlio firitt iiit<a.
IIo rujiiloil upon his clami until IS54, und tliuii
roniovud tn (JorvHliii* :iti(l unj^iijjud in tlio photo-
^I'lipiiic husinuHK hich h' followed iii.iil lS5t),
Hiid then iomu . to S:in l''ni""iHi;o to piiritiiu
tliu Ditini< liiiiM)f hiirtinuHH In lHt!2 hu ruturnud
liiH fiimil}' to I'ortliind iir< ' li«! wont to thu minus
at (TnityiiiaH, Mexi<' ., Ii.ivin^ ' 'ten iip|)ointud
8Upurintond(»nt of the suniu; and while snpur-
intunding the crnuiliies in June, 1803, he wm
fonlly murdered and roUbud.

MrH. (/amphell is still living in Portland, and
although Huveiity-fivo years of ago is hale,
hearty and vijrorons, in thu full enjoyment of
life with her children, who are settled aliont
her. Mr. and .Mrs. (lamphell have eight chil-
dren, fonr of whom survive, namely: Mary D.,
wife of William ISarnhart, an Oregon pioneer
merchant; Maria A. was the tirst white child
horn in 8aloin, October 25, 1S41, now the
widow of S. M. Smith, a former prominent
<lrujj;giBt of Portland; ifiirriot A,, widow of
Charles K. Calof, a urominent drnggist of Port-
land; and Sarah C, widow of J. II. Uatcheler.
These children are all living in Portland and
are a great comfort to their widowed mother.

(IIAIILES [lENRY PIGGOTT, president
of the Pioneer Wood Comjmiiy, Portland,

^ . is a native of Ontario, Canada, born near
the town of London, in 1851.

I' is grandfather, Henry Pigf^ott, a native of
London, England, emigrated to Ontario about
1792, and built the rirst tavern at Putville,
Middlesex county The parents of (Jharles H.
were William and Lavinia (House) Piggott,
both natives of Ontario. His father, a farmer
all his life, passed away in 1884, at the age of
sixty years. His mother is still living on the
old homestead. The subject of our sketch was
the first born of their seven children, six of
whom are still living. He was educated at
Bathurst College, London, Ontario. At the age
of fifteen he started out in life for himself.
Going to Chicago, Hlinois, he secured a posi-

tion with Morehouse fi, C^hapinaii, produce
meri'.lianls, and with them ritiuaiiUMl aiinut throe
years. Alter which he rt'tiirned to Luiidun,
finishing his education at Pathiiritt College.
He then piislu'd \\\> way westwiii'il as tar as
Colorado, and in Octoljer, I87;t, struck the
Pacific coast at San Francisco, wiiero he was
eii^fuged in :i citinmissiiiii business until lS77.
Thai year he sold out his inieri'sts in San l'"ran-
cisco, came north, ami has since been a resident
of Portland, Oregon. Fi>r about twn yenrs ho
s|ieiMilated in fruit and fiinn prinliu'e. shipping
to thu San Francisco ina"k>!t. In H7'J he en-
gaged in the wood business, ost.iblisiiing a yard
Ht the foot of Coluinitia street and purchasing
wood along the lower Williimette and Columbia
riv(irs. In the fall of 1H7U lie removed his y ird
to North Fourth and Front streets, and there
remained until 1890, when lie eons I'dated with
Messrs. Moore di Starr, who represented one of
the Pioneer yards at the foot of Morrison street,
and incorporated under the name of Pioneer
Wood Company, Mr. Piggott being elected
president. The company now handle about
H, .")()() ('ords of wood per year. In 18S4 Mr.
I'iggutt purehasud ten acres in the suburbs of
East Portland, which he jubseijuently annexed
to the city as Piggott's Addition to East Port-
land. Here, in 1889, In established a brick-
yard, which he conHnned very successfully,
with a daily output of 5(',0()0 brick during the
brick-tnaking season. In September, 1891,
seven of the leading brick-yards of the city
consolidated and incorporated as the Union
Brick Company, of which Mr. Piggott was
elected president.

He was married at Gervais, Marion county,
Oregon, in 1883, to Miss Sadie Hrown, a native
of Oregon and a daughter of Hon. Samuel
Brown, a pioneer of 1849, who was elected by
the Republican party for two terms in the Ore-
gon State Senate, and who was numbered among
the war Senators, who stood firm in supporting
the Union during the troublous days of seces-
sion. Mr. and Mrs. Piggott have three chil-
dren: William Earle, Gladys L. and Charles
Henry, Jr.

Mr. Piggv/tt reoides upon the heights at the
head of Seventh street, where he has built a
brick castle, which commands one of the finest
views of the valley and distant snow-capped
mountains. He also has other valuable prop-
erty in and around the city of Portland. lie
atHliates with the Republican party and takee

620

IlISruUY OF OltKOON.

1' t

nil aetivo interest in politiciil matters. He ie a
director of tlio ('liaiiilier of tJomineree and is
very enthusiastic over tlie future prospects of
Portland, tiie current commercial center of the
Northwest.

m^m^rn^^

**-

[IJKNKZEU UMIiTON M.jKLKOY. A.M.,
IMi. I)., (Jregon's State yuperintendent of
.-ifST Public Instruction, is ,a native of Wasli-
iuf^ton county, Pennsylvania, horn September
17. 1842. His grandfather, John McElroy,
was a native of Scotland, but euiii'rated to

America before the Hevolutioriary war; liis
wife was of Scotch Irish extraction. They
settled in Peimsylvania. and there reared a
family; their son, James McEhoy, was the
father (jf our subject; he married Miss Mary
Smith, also a native of the Keystone State, and
of this union were born twelve children, S]ben-
e/.er li. iieinj^ theyounfi;est. His early life was
spent on a farm, and his education was acquired
in the public scnools and at the State Normal
School. He had begun teachini; in the public
Bchools in 18dl, but when the war arose be-
tween the North and South, all private inter-
ests and ambitions were forgotten, and the
Country's necessity became the all-important
con.-idcration. He enlisted as a private in Com-
pany 1>. First West Virginia Volunteer Infan-
try, and served in this regiiTient until 18(53.
participating in many engagements; ho was
mustered out in 18t53. and re-enlisted in the
One Hundredth Pennsylvania Volunteer In-
fantry (''Roundheads"), and served until July,
1805, when he was mustered out of the ranks.
He was in the battles of the Wilderness,
S|)ott8ylvan!a, Hethesda ('hurch, Hatcher's ]{un,
the final assault upon Petersburg, any many
others; he was present at the surrender of
Lee's army.

When the war was ended he re-entered col-
lege and j)ursued his studies for two years.
From that time until 1874: he was enp;a<;ed in
teaching in Pennsylvania and West Virginia.

In 1809 Professor McElroy was married in
Washington county, J'ennsylva)iia, to Misa
Agnes McFaddtn. a niece of the celebrated
Hishop Alexander Canijibell. of the Christian
Church. Touched by the fe\er of the Western
emigration, he came to Oregon in 1874, and
during the first year of his residence here,

taught in the public schools of Corvallis; the
followinu; year he was elected to the chair of
Literature! ' in the State Agricultural College,
which he filled until be was elected to his pres-
ent responsible position.

While a resident of Benton county lie was
Superintendent of Schools, and gave universal
satisfaction. Iiuleed, his popularity was so
great that he was twice re-elected to the ofKce,
without opposition, the Democratic convention
declining to name a candidate agaiusl him.
He lias been honored with several responsible
ofHces in the (J. A. R. ; during 1887 he was
Assistant Iu.spector-General; in 1888 he served
as Aidede-Camp on the staff of the Coinmander-
iu-cliief, and in 1890, at the annual encamp-
ment, he was elected Department Commander
for Oregon. He is one of the vice presidents
of the National Teachers' Association, and is
vice-president of the National Department of
Superintendents.

Professor McElroy is a man of excellent
businen ability, and has interested himself in
some of the leading enterprises of the county.
He was one of the organizers of the State In-
surance Company of Salem, and has been a
director and vice-president since it was incor-
porated. He is now a resident of Salem, and
he and his estimable wife are well known in
society and prominent i:: charitable works. He
is a man of great executive ability, and has
thoroughly organized the department of public
instruction, so that the influeuceis felt in every
school in the State.

[OHN HIRD, a venerable and most worthy
Oiegon pioneer of 1847, was born in Ken-
tucky in 1810. His parents were R(ibert
and Rach'il I'ird, both natives of Kentucky,
and respectively of English an,' Scotch descent.
They tiad six children, three sons and three
daughters, of whom the subject of our sketch
was the oldest.

He was reared on a farm in Kentucky, at-
tending the schools in the vicinity, and upon
attaining his majority, he removed to Illinois.
Her? he was later married to Mies Nancy Hland,
a highly estimable lady of tiiat vicinity. They
had six children: William, Samuel Mland.JamoH
M., Mary E., Pamelia J. and Robert P., with
whom they crossed the plains to Oregon in 1847.

B I STORY OF OREGON.

627

This long and weiirisorue journey, which
abounded in perils to the unwary, was endured
with patience and cheerfulness by this little
family, who had left home and friends to seek
their fortunes in the great West. In due time
they arrived in (Jregon City, where they re-
mained uninterruptedly until 1849, when Mr.
Bird went to the mines in California, lured
there by the roseate reports of the gold diggings
in that locality. He returned in the course of
the same year, and removed with his family to
Yam Hill county, where, in 1850, he took a
donation claim, located a mile and a half east of
La Fayette. Here he built a cozy little home,
and together they experienced all the depri-
vations and hardsliips of pioneer life. Here
they resided until 18G4, when he sold the place,
which had been a home for so many years, and
moving to the city opened a tin and stove
store. This proved to be a successful venture,
and was continued advantageously until 1872,
when he sold out at a good profit, and retired
from active business. While in business, he
was elected Treasurer of the county, to which
responsible office he was three times re-elected,
which was a most flattering indorsement of his
ability and probity.

In his youth he was a Whig, but upon the
organization of the Republican party, he became
an ardent subscriber to its cause, and during the
agitation of the war was a strong Union man.

For many years he has byon a member of the
Masonic fraternity, and is in high standing in
the Methodist Church, to the support and
welfare of which ho has always liberally con-
tributed, both of his means and influence.

In 1882 his faithful partner for so many
years, the devoted wife and indulgent mother,
died, in the midst of her loving family and
friends. She was a woman of intelligence and
many charms of ])erson and character, and
greatly beloved by all who knew her. Her loss
lias been severely felt liy Mr. Bird, who, since
her death, has resided with his son Robert, in
La Fayette, where everything tliat love can sug-
gest, or care perform, is done for his comfort.

His life has been a successful one, both as
regards an accumulation of means and in the
living of a true, complete life. He is now
eighty-two years of age, and recalls with satis-
faction the keeping of every honest obligation,
and enjoys the greatest regard of his fellowmen.

His eldest son, William, is residing in North
Y'akima, Washington; James M. died in his

fiftieth year; Mary Ellen married Mr. .1. C.
Nelson; she had two children, and she died in
her twenty-second year; I'amelia J. became the
wife of Mr. J. L. Ferguson; she had seveiiil
chihlren, and died in her forty-fourth year.

With his son, the Hon. Robert 1'. Bird, the
history of whom is given elsewhere in this book,
he is now passing in tranquillity the declining

f'ears of a well-spent life, secure in the love of
lis family and friends, and in the approval of
his own searching conscience.

ILES DAVIES, an early settler of Wash-
ington county, Oregon, and one of Bea-
verton's most venerable citizens, was
born ii; Fayette county, Pennsylvania, duly 11,
1809. His father, John Davies, was born in
Baltimore, Maryland, April 9, 1773. Grand-
father Joshua Davies emigrated to Maryland
from Wales, prior to the Revolution. Ho was
a tailor, taught his son John that trade, and to-
gether they did a large business during the
Revolutionary war, making clothes for the
soldiers. John Davies married Rachel Collins,
who was born in Pennsylvania. November 21,
1778. They resided in Pennsylvania some time,
and then moved to Ohio, where they spent the
rest of their lives. The mother died May 11,
1841, and the father March 1, 1845. They
were reared Quakers, but later in life joined
another evangelical church. Of their eleven
children. Mr. Davies and a sister are the only
survivors.

The subject of our sketch was six years old
when, in 1815, the family moved to Ohio, and
there he war, reared. They being amr g the
pioneer settlers of the State, it was not until he
was thirteen years old that there was a school
he could attend. In 1832 he removed to In-
diana. There, March 12, 1835, he married
Miss Jane Haynes, He had a farm of 100
acres, which he cleared tip in the woods, and on
it he remained for nearly twenty years. In
1853 he brought hie family across the plains to
Oregon, leaving Indiana in the fall of 1852,
wintering in Missouri, and on the 24th of April
starting on their long journey. Mr. Davies had
four wagons, ten yokes of oxen, four yokes of
cows and a span of horses. His son-in-law,
Peter Kondt, came with them. They made a
rapid journey, landing in Washington county

e»i

HISTOlir OF OIIKOUN.

oti the 28tli of August. Our subject took a
donation claim of tiinlier land, five miles soutli-
west of Deavertoii, ami on it lived for over
thirty years. During tiiat time he cleared fifty
acres, and partly cleared fifty acres more, lie
and his wife reared a larj^e family of children
to occupy useful and I'esjiected positions in life.
Following are their names: I'lielie, wife f)f I'eter
Kendt, a Washington county farmer; Alfred, a
merchant of Ik'averton; James William, of
Morf;!in county, Ohio; Alary Jane, wife of
Fletcher Koyal, resides in Salem; Francis M.,
who died in his twenty -fifth year; Horace G.,
a prominent hiinbe'""an ol Heavertou; IJachel,
who died in her tweuty-si.Nth year; and August
N., a lumherman living near Heavertou. Six
of the children arc living, and there are twenty-
one grandchildren. Mrs. Davies died June 4,
1876, and Mr. Davies has since remained siujfle.
She belonged to the Methodist Church, of which
he also is a consistent member.

In l^S'i Mv. Davies sold his farm, and for a
time lived with his children. Is'ow he has a
little home, neatly furnished, in Heavertou,
where he is speiidiug the evening of a useful
and active life. He is reit;arkably bright and
intelligent for a man of his advanced years.

EaLFIlED DAVIES, a merchant of Beaver-
It ton, Wahhingtoi: county, Oregon, was born
in Elkhart county, Indiana, July 18, 18-U,
the oldest sori of Miles Davies.

Mr. Davies was twelve years of age when he
arrived with his father and family in Oregon,
and here he learned the carpenters' trade and
Worked at it twelve years. Then, with his
brother, Horace (4., he engaged in sawmilling
for 8i.\ years, at the end of which time he pur-
chased his brother's interest in the establish-
ment and ran it by himself one year. He then
sold the business, and out of it grew the Ains-
lie Milling ("ompany. After two years he and
his brother built another mill, which they have
since successfully coiulncted. In 1891 Mr.
Davies became a partner with Dr. F. M. liobin-
Bon, in the mercantile business at Heaveiton,
under the Hrm name of Robinson & Davies.
Mr. Davies is manager of the store, and the firm
are doing an excellent business. He is also in-
terested in farming and fruit culture, having a
farm at Heavertou and one in Marion county.

He makes a specialty of prunes, plums, pears
and peaehes.

Mr. Davies married Miss Mary TeiTt, May
14, 1871. a daughter of an Oregon pioneer.
Following are the names of their children:
William, Clara, (ieorge, Hattie. Daisy. Harry,
Mildred and Merle, the last two being twins.

Mr. Davies is a member of the 1. O. O. F.,
and also of the Foresters, aiul of the lattei"
society he is Treasurer. He has been a Kepub-
lican all his life, and has served two years as
Justice of the Teace. During the civil war he
was for two years a member of the I'^irst Oregon
Infantry, spending a year at Fort Boise. Idaho;
was honorably discharged in July, 18G6, with
the rank of Corporal.

He is one of I'eavertou's best citizens.

0S150HN, Auditor and Police Judge of
Astoria, was born in Meadville, Penn-
» sylvania, in January, 1852. a son of
John M. Osborn, who came to this State in
18(54. In 1867 our subject entered the Lincoln
School at San Francisco, where he took a full
coiirsi", and then entered the Pacific Husiness
College, After graduating at this institution,
he was employed as clerk for H. H. Wakelee &
C!o. five years, and then engaged in business for
himself, at 223 Sacramento street, as a com-
mission and wholesale tobacco merchant, under
the firm name of K. Osborn & Co. After seven
years our subject went to Hwaco, Washington,
and thence to Astoria. December 9, 1891, he
was elected to the position he now holds.

Mr. Osborn was married in 1877, to Miss
Clara Hayrfcuther, a native of Chicago. They
have two children, Austin and Bnrr.

ILLIAM ENGLAND, is one of the
prominent business men of Salem. He
came to Oregon in 1852, without means,
and by honest and industrious effort has raised
himself to his present wealth and intluenco. He
was was born in Illinois, on January 22, 1829.
His father. Mr. John England, was born in
Ohio and when four years of age went with his
parents to Illinois, where he was raised and ed-
ucated. He married Miss Sarah Smith, a native

UISTOUr OF OHEOON.

(i2»

of Ohio. Tliey liad ten chikiren, of whom our
svibjeet was the oldest sou. He was raised on
his father's farm in Illinois, receiving a limited
education, attending school a short time in
winter, and working on the farm the rest of the
time. On coming of age, he determined to push
his fortune in the West, starting for Oregon on
March 27, 1852. There were in the company
fifty men and three women. On Platte river
tlieir captain died, when ten of the company
turned back, forty-two of them wiilisi.x wagons,
continued the journey. They lo.st one man with
cholera, and Mr. England had it, but recovered.
He arrived at Salem, October 10, 1852. lie
looked about and secured work at carpentering,
at which he was employed until the middle of
November, when he started on foot for Jackson-
ville in search of a gold mine. The winter
closed in early so he did not work, but made his
way back to lioseburg and Seottsburg, in
which latter place he wintered. On April 1, he
returned to the mine, a doctor furnishing the
provisions, Mr. England working the mine on
shares. High water rendered it difficult work,
and he had poor success. He then returned on
foot to Salem, and on this trip was twenty-four
hours without food. That was in 1853. Pie
soon secured carpentry work, and worked at that
and Wiigon- making for some time. He then
opened a wagon shop, running it on a small
scale until he acquired more means. His busi-
ness increased from year to year, until he began
the manufacture of carriages and wagons, in
which business he was the pioneer in Salem.
He continued in this business until 1883. In
1877 he formed a partnership with Major
Williams in the money loaning and real-estate
busiufciis, in which they continued until 1890,
doing a successful business. They then opened
the banking house of Williams & England. Mr.
England has invested largely in city prop-
erty, and has built several valuable business
blocks, and a nice residence in whic'^ he resides.
He was one of the organizers of the State In-
surance Ooiiipany, of which he is now one of
the organizers and a director.

This business has met with marked success,
and is one of which the projectors may justly
be proud.

Mr. England wa« nnirried in 1879 to Miss
Olive Stanton, oi;e of Oregon's native daughters.
Her father, Mr. Alfred Stanton, came to Oregon
in 1847, and now resitlcs in Salem. Mrs. Eng-
land is an active member of the Unitarian

Society, and has rendered efficient aid in pro-
curing funds with which to build their present
house of worship. Mr. England is also a mem-
ber, being Trustee and Treasurer of the society.
He belongs to the 1. O. O. F., and has affiliated
with the liepublican party since its organization.
He is widely and favorably known, having made
the city of Salem his home since 1853. He is
a jovial, kind-heartLd, honorable gentleman,
and enjoys the respect and esteem of the com-
munity at large, and the affection of a host of
personal friends.

fACOB PFAU, a reputable and prosperous
Folk county farmer and Oregon pioneer of
1853, is a native of Germany, born April
18, 1819. He is of German ancestry, although
French blood is mingled in his veins with the
sturdy German current. His parents were
worthy Lutherans, who trained their boy to
habits of industry and honesty, which have
never deserted him. He received his education
in Germany and came to the United States in
1847, Krst settling in Illinois, where he remained
for live years, working at the butcher trade. He
then came to California, via the Isthmus of
Panama, and worked for a short time in San
Francisco. He then went to the mines and
prospected for gold, and spent his money, in
September, 1853, he came to Portland, Oregon,
and worked at his trade for A. II. Johnson, who
has since made a fortune in the butcher busi-
ness in Portland. From Portland, Mr. Pfau
came to Salem and followed his business there
until 1860 and then purchased his present farm
of 313 acres, six miles west of Salem. In order
to purchase this farm he had to go in debt $1,-
200, and so was obliged to work very hard to
pay off the obligation. He not only farmed,
but raised stock and worked at his trade.

Mr. Pfau was married December 5, 1866, to
Miss Nancy J. Tayler, a native of Illinois. She
married Mr. Tayler and bore him eight cliildren,
the last two in the West. She and lier husband
and six children crossed the plains to Oregon,
in 1862, and tiree years later her husband died.
The following year she married Mr. Pfau. They
have two dai'ghters: Nannie, now Mrs. C. W.
Stump, who has one child; and Etfe, single, at
home with her mother and father.

Mr. Pfau has been a hardworking man, and
very upright in all his dealings, lie has made

630

IIISTOUY OF OUEQON.

II .'

:V. ■

his own way in life and Ims lieen suL'cressl'iil. He
is a good representative oF the iionest, tiirifty
citizens that Gerniany has fnrni.-hed the United
States, and who have, hy economy and industry,
made their way in tiie country, until tiiey have
become nuniUored among our best and most in-
fluential citizens.

fM. KEEl*, prominent as a I)usine8» man,
and president of tiie Forest Grove 15ank,
<» is a descendant of olil English ancestry,
who were early Hettlers of New En<rland, trac-
ing hack in a direct line to the early iniiabitants
of I'lymouth, Massachusetts [lis father, Charles
^[elville Keep, Sr.. was li. n in Massachusetts
in 1834, and married Miss Margaret Emily
IJeck, a inUive of Pennsylvania. Tiioy had
three sons and a daughter, of whom the sub-

i'ect of our sketch was the youngest. He was
)orn in Erie, Pennsylvania, November 2, 186-1,
and was educated in his native city, and i)egan
his business career as a banker in the Humboldt
Safe Doposit and Trust Company of his native
town. After three years he went to Colorado,
where he remained six months. From there ho
went to Wisconsin and Micliigan. He was con-
nected witli the Iron Exchange Hank of Hurley,
Wisconsin, and later started the Bankof Wake-
lield, Kansas, where he remained as cashier for
one year. He then went to Kansas City, where
he was for three years connected with the Na-
tional I'ank of Commerce, and in October, 1S8'J,
came to Forest Grove and foundeii the Hank of
Forest (irove, wiiich was the first bank started
in the city. Soon afterward his brotlier, Thomas
S., became a partner in the bank, and the cashier.
They are <loing a large general commercial '
Imiiking business, meeting with very gratifying
success. Besides their regular banking busi-
ness, they represent several of the largest in-
surance companies doing Ijusiness on this coast.
As energetic and intelligent business men, they
soon became convinced of tlie future growth and
prospt'rity of Forest Grove, an<l have been
largely interested in real estate in the city and
vicinity. They, in connection with E. W.
Haines, are owners of the South Park addition
to the city of Forest (irove. This is a large
and splendid tract of land, lying on the south
of the city, l)etween it and tiie depot. They
liave improved this property, and some hand-

some residences are built (,n it. The father of
our subject has sold his jjossessions in the East,
and has built himself a beautiful home in South
Park, complete, with all Tnodern improvements.
The Keep brothers take a very great interest in
the growth and prosperity of their city, and
are liberal in advancing its welfare; as they are
men of expericMice, enterprise and capital, they
are destined to be important factors in the ad-
vancement of their municipality. Our subject
is a stockholder in the Forest Grove Times
Company, the only paper in the city, and is a
stockholder and president of the Canning and
Electric Light Cbmpany of the city. His
brother, Thomas S., is also a native of Pennsyl-
vania, and previous to coining to F'orest Grove
was connected with the National Bank of Com-
merce, Kansas City, and is equally interested
with his brother iti the bank and the other en-
terprises. They have pleasant homes in an at-
tractive part of the city, which are suggestive
of cumtort and refinement. Thomas S. is mar-
ried. Our subject is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, both York and Scottish rite.

If the business men of a community are in-
dicative of the progres.; of the place, we would
certaiidy have no trouble in prognosticating the
future of F'orest (irove from contemplating two
of her leading business men; and so sure would
we be of her prosperity and development that we
would not consider it fair to lay a wager, inas-
muci, as it is considered despicable to bet on a
.sure thing.

^-^-^

lALTER S. PERllY, one of the rising
young attorneys of '^ortland, Oregon,
commands a position of trust and con-
fidence, and it is fiting that some personal men-
tion of him be made in the pages of this vol-
ume.

Walter S. Perry was born in Washington,
District of Columbia, July 2!), 1854. His par-
ents, Augustus E. and Mary J. (lioss) Perry,
were natives of Maryland, where their ances-
tors had settled at an early date. Agustus E.
was a prominent dry-goods merchant of Wash-
ington for many years prior to his death, in
187(5. Walter S. was the fifth born of their ten
children, six of wlimti reached years of maturi-
ty. He was educated at Georgetown College,
District of Columbia, garduatingin 1874, with

UiarOHY UF OHKGON.

031

tlio dt'f^ree of A. i ^ He tlieii Htudied law at the
University of Virginiii, and after lieing in that
institution two years was called home by the
death of his father. lie was admitted to the
bar in Washington, District of Columbia, in
1870, and at once entered npon the practice of
liis profession. Two years later, his health
failing, he gave up business and sought res-
toration through travel. During the "Star-
lioute" litigation in Washingtoii, District of
Columbia, Mr. I'erry was appointed special
assistant to the Attorney-General of the United
States and took a conspicuous part in breaking
up the system of "straw'' bail.

Mr. Perry visited the principal cities in Eu-
rope, passed one winter in Cuba, and in 1886
resumed the practice of his profession at White
Hear, Ramsey county, Minnesota, twelve miles
from St. Paul. While there he occupied the

fosition of (Mty Attorney for about two years.
[e was also connected with the West Publish-
ing Co. of St. Paul, engaged as editor upon the
preparation of the rejwrts of the decisions of
the highest courts of the various States and
annotations thereon, digests, etc.

In September, 1888, he came to Portland,
and was first connected with Williams & Wood,
remaining with them two years. He then en-
tered the office of Milton W. Smith and en-
gaged in a general practice. He enlisted in
Company K, First Uegiuient, (). N. G.. ia Feb-
ruary, 1891, but the following N^v^trber
tendered his resignation to accept the arr^oint-
ment of Assistant Adj\itant-General of the
State, rank of Major, npon the Staff of Govern-
or Sylvester Pennoyer.

|NDREW JACKSON COFFEE, Captain
of Company I, First Regiment, O. N.
G., is a native son of the Golden State,
born in Oakland, January 13, 1801. His an-
cestors were among the early settlers of Vir-
ginia, and the immediate descendants engaged
in planting. Joshua ('ofTee was an officer in
the Revolutionary war, and General John Cof-
fee was a distinguished soldier in the war of
1812; he was General Jackson's most trusted
friend and lieutenant, and was selected to make
the right attack upon the British, wliich resulted
iij that memorable hand-to-hand combat on the
night of December 23, 1814, when the Ten-

nesseeans used their hunting-knives in place of
bayonets. Colonel Andrew Jackson Coti'ee, the
father of our subject, was born near Nashville,
Tennessee, August 20, 1819. In 1837 he was
appointed a cadet at West Point, but afterward
resigned to become a civil engineer. In 1846
he was appointed Paymaster in the army, and
served through the war with Mexico to the bat-
tle of Ruena Vista, in which he won the rank
of Major with the brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel
for gallant and meritorious conduct. After the
battle, as a mark of especial confidence and ap-
preciation he was selected to carry dispatches to
President i'olk. Thus at the early age of
twenty-nine years he had attained distinction
in his country's service. He retained his posi-
tion in the army, serving in Te.\as and Loui-
siana until 1853, when he was assigned to duty
on the Pacific coast with headquarters at San
Francisco. In July of 1859 he resigned his
position, and retired to civil life. He was one of
a syndicate to acquire almost the whole of the.
present site of Oakland, but misfortunes came,
and he lost his property. He was married
April 3, 1839, to Miss Elizabeth A. Hntchings,
of Huntsville, Alabama. Captain A. J. Coffee
is the youngest 'of the family of five children
born of this union. He was educated in the
public schools of Oakland, and San Francisco,
at Urban Academy, and Heald's Business College
of San Francisco, California. He then took up
the study of electricity, and in 1876 he accepted
a position as salesman and assistant electrician
with the Electrical Construction «& Mainte-
nance Company of San Francisco. He contin
ued his studies, and the following year he en-
tered the einj)loy of the American District Tele-
graph Company of San Francisco; in the fall
of that year he put up the first telephone in San
Francisco He was also connected with the
Bell Telephone ('ompany and the Golden Stock
Telegraph Company until October, 1880, when
became to Portland, as superintendent of the
Portland Telephone, Telegraph and Electric
Light Company; he remained with this corpo-
ration until 1883, when he became electrician
for the United States Electric Light and power
Company, which was merged into the Willam-
ette Falls Electric Company. In 1884 Cap-
tain Coffee was appointed city electrician of
Portland, Oregon, and has charge of all the elec-
tric works of the city.

He was married in San Francisco in 1882, to
Miss Edith Hinton, who died in Julv, 1889,

•;I2

IirSTOJiY OF OliKOON.

leaving oiio son. liiien 11. He was married
a second time in ;l\)rtliiiul, October, 1890, to
Misa Ella L. MutHuy, of ('alif'oriiia, and to this
union one child has i)een l)i)rn, Lenure.

The military education of the Ca|)tain began
in San Francisco, in 1877, during tiie Chinese
riots; he joined Company 15, Volunteer Citizens'
oafety Committee, and was actively engaged in
8U[)pre8sing the Mail Dock riot and other dis-
turbances about the city. After peace was re-
stored, a military company was organized, known
as Company F, Second Infantry Kegiinent, (). N.
(t., he was mustered in April 3, 1878, and was
an active member until leaving the city. In
1882, he with two others organized Company
'G," First liegimentO. N. G. of I'ortland, Ore-
gon and which soon proved the banner company
by meritorious service in the threatened riots of
1885. In 1887 he was elected (-aptain of Com-
pany I, formerly known as the High School Ca-
dets; this company was organized by some of the
older pupils. aTid attracting attention by their
enthusiam, they received encouragement and
assistance from Professor Warren, who drilled
them to a degree of e.xcellence and perfectino
not attained. After the resignation of Captain
Warren, Captain Coffee was elected to the same
position by the unanimous voiceofthe company;
through the personal efforts of Captain Warren
thi.i company was admitted as Company I, First
lit^giinent: they have always been noted for their
zeal and energy, and are one of the best drilled
companies of the Regiment. In 1890 Captain
C'offee, assisted by George 1'. Frank, I'olice
Corninisaioner, instituted a system of company
drill in the police force of the city, and have
a('(|uired so high a degree of proticieney that
their exhibitions are highly commended, and
their skill in maneuvers would do credit to any
company of the National Guards.

tON. CHARLES B. MOORES, one of the
enterprising representative men of Salem,
was born at Benton, ocott county, Mis-
souri, August 0, 1849, a son of the Hon. John
H. Moores, deceased. (See sketch of John H.
Moores.) He came across the plains to Oregon
with his father in 1852, his paternal grandfather,
Colonel I. R. Moores. being the leader of the
company (Further mention of (/olonel Moores
is made in the biography of A. N. Moores.)

Charles B. Moores was but three years of age
when the family arrived in Salem; he is one of
a family of six, and was given the best educa-
tional advantages his parents could afford; ho
attended the Willamette University and took a
classical course at that institution; he was grad-
uated with the class of 1870, and for live years
afterward was employed as draughtsman by the
Oregon & California Railway Company, being
located at Portland, lie then spent three years
in the East, and while in Washington City he
took a course in the business college of H. C.
Spencer. In August, 1875, he went to Phila-
delphia, and took a course of lectures in the law
department of the University of Pennsylvania.
In October, 1876, he went to the University of
Michigan, and was gr.iduated from the law de-
partment of this school. Returning to Salem,
Oregon, he engaged in the practice of his pro-
fession. In 1880 he was elected Chief Cleric of
the House oF Representatives, a position he tilled
with marked ability. In 1882 he became private
secretary to his Excellency. Governor Moody,
and in this capacity he evinced a talent for his
work, and very superior qnalifloations for diplo-
matic negotiations. He remained with the Gov-
ernor during his term of ofHee.

He afterward became one of the organizers o£
the Oregon Land Company, which corporation
for a time did a large and lucrative business,
aiding greatly in the improvement and settle-
ment of lands in the vicinity of Salem; he as-
sisted in the organization or the Salem Street
Railway Company, he was also one of the organ-
izers, and is now a stockholder of the Union
Title Abstract Company, and is a stockholder
and the president of the Capital Lutnbering
Company. In addition to these interests Mr.
Moores gives especial attention to horticulture,
and has thirty acres immediately adjoining Sa-
lem, set apart to pears, peaches and cherries
with a large acreage devoted to berries and small
fruits.

He was uniteil in marriage November 1, 1881,
to Miss Sallie E. Chamberlin, a native of Michi-
gan and a daughter of Joseph and Olive Cham-
berlin. Mrs. Moores' father was a prominent
business man of Michigan, and in 1857 he emi-
grated to Oregon, where he passed the remainder
of his life; his death occurred in 1887. Mr. and
Mrs Moores have had born to them four chil-
dren: Gertrude E., Merill B., Gordon C, and
Chester A.

Politically Mr. Moores affiliates with the Re-

BISTORT OF OHEOON.

633

publican party, wliich ho lias rendered valuable
aid in many conventions. In 1880 lie was edi-
tor of the Oregon Statesnian during the cam-
paign, and was very siicceBsfiil in that depart-
ment, lie takes an interest in educational
afTairs, and for years has been a member and
officer of the Hoard of Trustees of Willamette
University. He is a member of the I. (). O. F.,
having passed all the chairs of the order, and
represented his lodge in the Grand Lodge of the
State. He is a member of the Common Coun-
cil of Salem. He has always been loyal to home
enterprise and home interests, and has won tlie
highest regard of all classes of citizens.

'^'-^■^

tONORARLE JOHN H. MOOIIES, de-
ceased, came to Oregon in 1852, and dur-
ing the remainder of his life, was promi-
nently identified with the history of the State
and the city of Salem. He was of Scotch- Irish
ancestry, his forefathers emigrating to America
more than a century ago. His parents, Colonel
Isaac R. and Jane (Alexander) Moores, reared
a family of five children, of whom none survive.
He WHS born at Hnntsville, Alabama, in Law-
rence county, June 21, 1821; when he was three
years old his fatlier removed to Danville, Illi-
nois, and there he grew to maturity. He after-
ward went to Benton, Missouri, and was engaged
in merchandising for several years. In 1847
he returned to Danville, Illinois, and there was
married to Miss Virginia Lamon, a native of
Virginia and a daughter of John and Rachel
Lamon, early settlers of Virginia. In 1851 Mr.
Moores disjiosed of his property in Missouri and
returned to Illinois; there he deoided tocome to
tiie Paeitie coast with his father; they organized
a company in 1852, and in March of that year
they started on the long and weary journey
across the plains; they reached the Dalles late
in the autumn, and from that place made their
way down the Columbia river to Portland, where
they arrived in December, 1852. In March,
1853, Mr. Moores came to Salem and embarked
in mercantile pursuits, which he continued for
years; later in life he made large investments
in Houring mills Siid in lumber interests. His
death occurred December IH, 1880.

Duritig the civil war he stanchly supported
the L'^nion, rendering efHcient service to the
Sanitary Commission. For several years, dur-

ing his early residence in Salem, he was Post-
master of the place and for a long period was
Treasurer of the county; he was Councihnaii,
and for four terms, was Mayor of ;he city. In
1870 he was elected Senator from Marion county,
in which otlice he served four years and the
duties of which be performed with great credit
to himself and the entire satisfaction of a Re-
publican constituency. He was one of the com-
missioners who secured for the State the ground
now occupied by the State Penitentiary and the
Insane Asylum. He was one of the founders
of the Oregon State Agricultural Society, and
was for many years its treasurer. He took a
deep interest in public and private educational
institutions, and was for many years one of the
directors of the public schools of Salem; for
nearly a quarter of a century he was a member
and officer of the Hoard of Trustees of the Wil-
lamette Univert-ity. During bis latter years bo
was in ill health, and the last public act of his
life was to cast his vote for Garfield and Arthur;
this duty done he retired to his home, and did
not leave the threshold again until borne to his
grave by the hands of his brothers of the I. O.
O. F. fraternity. He was a truly loyal. citizen,
and in his relationship as husband and parent he
left no obligation unfulfilled.

EORGE SOVERNS, an Oregon pioneer
of 1852, was born on White Woman river,
Coshocton county, Ohio, December 4,
182f3. His father, Jesse Soverns, was a native
of Virginia, but in his boyhood was taken by his
parents to Ohio and was there reared to man-
hood and he there married Miss Eliza Bailey.
In 1832 tiiey removed to Indiana and 1837 to
Tazewell comity, Illitiois, where they followed
farming.

George remained with his parents until 1850,
when he married Miss Fanny Holtoii, and in
1852, with his wife, child, father, mother and
two brothers and two sisters, set out with ox
teams to cross the plains to Oregon. The
journey was free from accident, but death was
a frequent occurrence, and the first victim was
the infant son of Mr. Syverns, and but two
weeks later his beloved wife followed, both
finding lonely graves midst Nature's solitudes.
They were obliged to press forward, and while
descending the Blue mountain, the mother of

G34

uisToar OF onjsooy.

J\Irs. S jvo;:i:i foil and broke iier leg wliilo jniiip-
iiif^ from II wagon, imd this resiiilted in lier death
soon after landing in IVirtland. Mr. Soverns,
Sr., located near the j)re6ent site of Junction
City, while his son engaged in whatever he
conld find to do about the valley, cutting wood
and harvesting during the season. In 185") he
went to the Kogue river Indian war as teams-
ter for his company, which was commanded by
(Ja|)taiM A[atlock. lieturidng to Lane county
in 1856 he purciiased 436 acres of land near
Junction City and began farming, and subse-
quently purchased 64(5 acres on Coarse fork,
and extended his stock I)usines8. [le continued
the latter business for years. In 1876 he re-
moved his family to Eugene, to give hiscidldren
till! advantage of the education afforded by the
u' iversity. In 1878 he returned to the farm,
but returned to Eugene again in 1879 and
practically retired from active lile, leasing his
farm and enjoying the product of his labors.
lie resides on the corner of Fifth and Olive
streets.

lie was married for the second time in 1856
to Mrs. Elizabeth (Hlachley) Tylor, a widow
with one child, Jane, now the wife of JJernum
S. Ilyland, a prominent farmer south of the
city of Junction. Mr. and Mrs. Soverns have
had four children, three now living: Jesse, now
in charge of the farm near Junction City;
Ilulda, now deceased, who- married Tlios.
Cheshire, and left one child, Clive S!, who
lives with his grandparents; and Fannie, wife of
Albert Jackson. During his life Mr. Soverns
has commanded the respect of his friends and
he will continue to do so as long as he lives for
his many tine qualities, both in business and
private life.

i»j=—

-^^^^P®i

1^ K. MINES, D. D., the youngest of twelve
|MJ children of James and Betsy (Round)
*^J|S nines, was born in Herkimer county.
New York, in 1828. His ancestral line, on his
mother's side, is clearly traced back to Edward
1 of New England through Lawrence Wilkin-
son, from whom Mr. llines is the fourth in de-
scent. His own grandfather, Bertram Bound,
was an Ensign and Lieutenant in the Revolution-
ary war. On his father's side he is a descend-
ant of the Hopkins of Rhode Island, and of the
Churches of Massachusetts, who came from

England in Governor Northrop's fleet in 1630
and landed at Plymouth. It will thus be seen
that he inherits pioneer blood.

His early life was spent in Oswego county,
New York, to which his family emigrated when
he was "three years of age. Then almost liter-
ally a wilderness that region afforded him very
limited schola '' advantages. In his fourteenth
year he was f drted, and before he was si.\-
tcen he was 1 . ^ed to e.xhort by Rev. William
Peck, an oldei i>.'other of Bishop Peck. Early
in bis nineteenth year he was licensed to preach,
and soon after, removing to Western New York,
lie was employed as a supply on Edeti circuit
in the Genesee (Conference to take the place of
Gilbert De la Matyr, whose health had failed.
When just twenty he was admitted into the
(Tenesee Conference on trial. In that confer-
ence he served such appointments as Wyoming,
Pearl street, Buffalo, and Niagara Falls.

In December, 1852, ho was transferred by
Bishop Waugh to the Oregon Conference, and
the following summer crossed the plains with
an ox team, reaching Portland October 3, 1853,
to which charge he had been appointed liy
Bishop Ames at the first session of the Oregon
Annual Conference. His time of actual service
on this coast has been thirty-nine years; eleven
years on stations, sixteen as Presiding Elder,
one as College Agent, eight as editor of the
Pacific Christian Advocate, and three as Theo-
logical Professor.

As Presiding. Elder he has had charge of all
the State of Washington, nearly all of Oregon
and Idaho, and his travels over them have made
him more widely known, personally, without
doubt, than any other minister of the Pacific
Northwest.

He represented the Thirteenth General
Conference District in the General Missionary
and Church Extension Committees of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, from 1876 to 1880,
and on the resignation of J. H. Wilbur from
the same committees in 1886 he was elected
by the Board of Bishops to succeed him, tliue
making six years' service therein.

He was elected by the General Conference
Comraiesion on Ecumenical Conference one of
the seven representatives of the Fourteenth
General Conference District in that body, and
attended its sessions in Washington, District of
Columbia, from its opening to its close.

Dr. Mines estimates his travels in the service
of the church on this coast to ha' e been by rail

UISTORY OF OllKduN.

OST)

and Bteiiinlioat 75,000 miles, by stage 5,000
niilew, and by his own private conveyHiiee not
less than 100,000, making iiii aggregate of 180,-
000 miles. He has preached about fj,000 ser-
mons, held UOO quarterly meetings, dedicated
54 churches, and been called to deliver many
memorial ad<lresse8 of pioneers, both preachers
and people.

He has also been quite active in political life.
During the days of secession he was one of the
standi supporters of the Union, and delivered
the first political speech coming from any min-
ister on the coast. He was president of the
Territorial Council of Washington, and a mem-
ber of the Legislature during the sessions of
1864 and 18(50. In 1876 he was a Kepublican
delegate to the National Convention at Cincin-
nati, which nominated U. B. Hayes for president.

Dr. nines was married at Wyoming, I>Jew
York, in 1852, to Miss Elizabeth J. Graves, a
lady endowed with the true Christian spirit and
great strength of character. She was an able
helper in all missionary work, and by her personal
effort and enthusiasm was organized the Wo-
man's Christian Temperance Union of Oregon,
of which slie was the first president. She was
well and favorably known throughout the State
for her many deeds of kindness and charity.
She was called to her last rest in January, 1889,
leaving a bereaved husband and two children,
James A. and Lua A. The latter is now the
wife of C. K. Cranston. The Doctor lives with
his daughter at the corner of East Washington
and Seventeenth ttreets, Portland, where he
built a handsome residence in 1884.

As trustee he has had a close connection
with the Willamette University since he came
to the State, and during 1890 and 1891 was
Professor of Theology in that institution. In
May. 1892, he was a delegate from the Idaho
Conference to the General Conference of the
Methodist Episcopal Church at Omaha. He
is a member of the Sons of the American Hev-
ulution, and is Past High Priest of the Chapter
of Koyal Arch JVlasons.

Dr. Ilines is now one of the honored profess-
ors of the theological department of the Port-
land University. His forty-four years of faith-
ful Work have been of great service and have
been marked by ability, itidustry, constancy,
and efiiciency. His capacity for hard work in
both study and field has supplemented his abil-
ity in the pulpit and the promise of his early
years has been fulfilled. The wide field covered

by his labors and the variety of the work to
which he has been called, has enabled him, to
an extent given to but few, to impress himself
for good on the civil and ecclesiastical afl'airs of
the Empire of the Northwest.

He is still vigorous in body and mind and
promises to do work equal to his very beet for
a number of years to come.

MOS HOLMAN, a native son of Oregon,
was born in Polk (jounty, April 13, 1849.
His father, James Hoi man, was born in
1814, in Tennessee, his people being early
settlers in Tennessee, who removed to Missouri.
He married Miss Mary Howman, a native of
Tennessee, born in 1812. Five children were
born to them and with these, his wife and a few
household goods, he crossed the plains to Ore-
gon, with oxen. He settled on a donation
claim in Polk county, on the Luckamntc, where
he resided until the time of his death, which
occurred January, 1880. He was a Democrat
until the time of he war, but then became a Ke-
publican. He served his county faithfully as
Sheriff for nine years and was elected a member
of the Territorial and State Legislatures. He
was a faithful member of the Baptist Church,
enjoyed the respect and esteem of the commun-
ity and was a worthy pioneer of (Jregon. His
wife survived him three years and died March
3, 1883, aged seventy-two. She was an excel-
lent Christian woman ind was one of the noble
pioneers of Oregon. Two children had been
born to them in Oregon : Amos; and Mary Ilulda,
now Mrs. Eli Crosley, and they have one child.
The following is the list of the children who
crossed the plains: Hardy, resides in D.iKiu;
John died in 1836; Preston lived to be thirty-
eight; Nancy married James Ward, who died in
her forty-second year, leaving six children; and
Nathaniel resides at Dallas (see sketch of same).

The son, Amos, h... resided on the donation
claim, a part of which he now owns, all his life.
He was educated in Monmouth and resided at
home until his father's death, when he inherited
sixty acres of the land on the property. He lias-
succeeded by honorable industry in adding to
it and has another farm adjoining, on which he
has a good residence.

He was marrie<l November 22, 1868, to Caro-
line Hodges, native of lienton county, daughter
of Drury Hodges, who came to Oregon in 1847

o;i6

aiSTOUr OF OHEOON.

mid Rt'ttlcrl !i (lonntion claim, on wliicli he now
rosidcH, lit Well's Htiilion. Mr. ami MrH. iloliiian
liavo liiul three chililreii, namely: James, died
when nix; and the other two, (Iliarliii and Nellie
May reside with their parentc 'Sin. Ilolman
is a meinher of the Haptist (Miiirch, and her
husband is a meinlxT of the A. (). II. W. He
is a liepuiilican, and he and his wife are ^ood
representatives of the sons and dauirhters of
Oregon.

fKOUGE II. DITKHAM, one of the best
known and most able nieinbers of the bar
of the State of Oregon, was born in
Springfield, Illinois, on December 4, 1843.
When h(! was four years of age his parents
came across the jilains to Oregon. His father,
Albert A. Durham, was a native of Genesco
county, iNew York, and his gra. U'atlier, Silas
Durham, was a nativi (;f ilassachusetts, his
aiicesters having canu^ trom D'uhum, England,
and settled in the (Juiony of iviassaclnisetts.
From there they spread iiortli and south. Both
of these branches participated in the Revolu-
foiiary struggle for independence, from the
northern branch of which the subject of this
sketch is descunded. His father married Miss
Miranda A. Wliite, a native of St. Lawrence
county, New York. They had four children,
three of whom are still living. The family,
later on, removed to tlio Western Ueserve in
Ohio, and thence to Springfield, Illinois, in
which place they had as neighbora for many
years the illustrious President Lincoln and re-
nowned (ieneral John A. Logan. In 1850, af-
ter arriving in Oregon, they settled on a do-
nation claim, where the town of Oswego now
stands. Two years later, in 1841). the father
went to the irold mines in California, where he
was successful, and where he remained a
year, returning to Oregon by water on
the Undine, bringing with him his bag of
gold dust. They were shipwrecked on Shoal-
water bay, but escaped safely with their ef-
fects, and on his return, built a large sawmill,
becoming one of the leading lumbermen of the
Northwest. He built one of the finest houses
in the county and became the owner of sevoral
ships. He continued in business until 1862,
when he sold out, and located on a farm ten
miles south of Portland, where he still lives in

pursuits. Ho
was at one time :i member of tlie Territorial
iiegislature; was a stanch iiepublican, and dur-
ing the war was as rtrin as a rock for the Union.
While the family resided in Oswego, our sub-
ject attended the public schools, and in 1858
was sent to the Willamette University, where
1.0 was when the war broke out, when he, with
others of the students, enlisted in Company 15,
First Oregon (,'avalry. The regiment was or-
ganized at the instigation of General Baker,
with the desire to show the South that Oregon
could furnish as good cavalry as any they could
j)roiluce, anil the regiment was enlL-^t-ed to go
to the front; after they were mustered in, tliey
\>i!re sent to fight the Indians. General Haker
was killed in the battle of Ball's Hliifi", after
which they made application to the President
to have the conditions of tli<.-ir enlistment com-
plied with; but his reply was, that they were not
needed, and they were better fitted for the serv-
ice in which they were engaged than any
regiment he could send, and there would bj
the e.xpensc of removal for both regiments,
and hoped tluty would see the I'orco-of his
reasons for continuing tliein wiiere they were.
Their regiment was one of the many splendid
comjianies that participated in the great war.
On being mustered out of the service, ho en-
tered the Pacific "University at Forest Grove,
graduating from that institution with honor with
the class of 1860. He then taught school, and
began the study of law. Later he entered the
office of Hon. Lansing Stout, being admitted to
the bar in 1869, after which he began the prac-
tice of law in Portland. In 1871 ho was ap-
pointed Register in Bankruptcy, by the Dis-
trict Court of the United States; and in 1872
he was nominated by the Repulilican i)arty for
the office of District Attorney of the Fourth
Judicial District, to which position he was
elected. After serving for two years, his part-
ner, H. Y. Thompson, was elected to the posi-
tion. Mr. Durham continued his law practice,
meeting with marked success, until 1882, when
he was appointed by the United States Judge
as Master in Chancery of the United Slates
Court, which position he still holds. Mr. Dur-
ham is interested in several of the business en-
terprises of Portland, having been one of the
organizers of the first motor lincj running out
of the city of Portland. He was also instru-
mental iti starting the Commercial National
Bank of Portland, and was previously connected

nisronr of oreoos.

{Yit

with the Portland Saviiiffs Hunk, and in ntill a
(liroctor of ami attorney foi' liofli hunks; hixtidcB
which he i« inturcstud in a niinihur of other
corporatioiiH. lie aUo intcreBtH liiinKclf in the
sueceen of the Kepnhliean [larty, liavinj; nerved
as (!liairnnin of tlio Ucpnbliuaii County Com-
mittee; and. was altio a*ineml)er of the linilding
committee, which hiiilt the Portland Savings
Hank Hlock.

In 18t)0 Mr. Diirha.n was married to Miss
S. E. Clark, a native of Oregon, and daughter of
liev. Harvey Clark, who was one of the pio-
neers of this country as a Congregational mis-
sionary, and who was one of the founders of the
I'acitic University of Forest Gvove. M'.*. and
Mrs. Durham have four children, all i>orn in
Portland. Their dauj^htor. Nellie, i- now Mrs.
II. (i. Piatt; the other childreM are Mary,
George (Mark and Margery.

Mr. Durham is (Iraml Trustee of the A. O.
U. W., and a prominent member of the Mason-
ic fraternity, of both the Commandery and the
Mystic Siirine. He is also a member of the
G. A. It. The law firms of which he was a
member comprised some of the most prominent
and representative practitioners at the bar of
this State, viz., Messrs. Williams. ''"".1, Thom])-
son and Mays.

> .-'^ i..t.,i ".« ( i: 1.

[ILDEN PEAUCIlAMPcame to Oregon
in 1852, and is a native of Illinois, born
on July 4, 1826. His father, John Heau-
champ, and his mother, Elizabeth Thomas, were
both from North Carolitia. Mr. Heauchamp is
is tb.e only surviverof a family of nine children.
He was left an orphan when but five years of
age, and when seven began to support himself.
When he was eleven he was bound out to Isaac
Criss, with whom he lived till he became of age.
He then received forty acres of land in Clark
county, Illinois, and on this little property he
built a little cabin. He married Jane Francis,
and they had three children, the youngest was
two weeks old when they started out to cross
the plains, April 5, 1852. They bought a
wagon and three yoke of oxen and went with a
company, Mr. Criss being one of the party.
On the journey Mr. Criss died at Scott's Bluff
with the cholera, which was brought up by the
Southern emigrants, and which raged for a dis-
tance of 100 iniles. They could see from ten

to thirty being buried i>very day for the wolves
to ilig up and devour, as very few of the emi-
grants had tools with which to dig a grave.
They wen* six months making the trip across
the plains, and the hardest portion was across
the desert from Sandy to (Jreen river, witliout
water or grass. Mr. Hea\ichainp saw a boy
crying and said to him, "What's the matter
with yon?'' He said, "I lost my father yester-
day find my mother to-day, and I am alone in
the world, with seven small children to make tiio
rest of the journey with and to care for."

Mr. and Mrs. neauchamp and their three
little ones made a safe journey across the plains.
Only one of the children who crossed the plains
is now living: Henry R. lived to be twenty-
three, years of ago; Mary M., married Nir.
.Fackson and died in her fortieth year; Sarah
J., married Mr. Dcdman, and they are living
on the upper John Day river in eastern Oregon,
where tliey are in the stock business. Mr.
Heauchamp took a donation claim near ilills-
boro and ouilt a log cabin on the property and
resided there eight years. Wishing to work at
his trade, that of carpenter, he sold the land and
went to Hillsboro, purchased property and for
the past twenty-five years has been engaged in
the carpenter business. He has done a good
deal of building. Six children have been added
to the family in Oregon: Frank died when he
was thirty; William, who is a farmer at Gas-
ton; Helen, now Mrs. John Northrop, of Hills-
boro; Nancy Elizabeth, now Mrs. John E. Zim-
merman, a farmer of Washington county; Anna
Eliza, now Mrs. Henry Hahrens, of Hillsboro;
and the youngest son, John, is single. Mr.
Beauchamp has been a strong Kepublican since
the organization of the party, and lie has been
an industrious man, and has much valuable
property in Hillsboro and a good home of his
own building. He is a iiiember of the Masonic
fraternity. Both he and his wife are members
of the Methodist Church. They are worthy
pioneers and they have the good esteem of all
their friends and fellow-pioneers.

jEORGE THING, an Oregon pioneer of
1852, and a retired merchant residing at
Reedville, Oregon, was born at Kennebec,
Maine, December 4, 1824. His ancestors were
early settlers of tl»e State of Mai"e, and both

(ins

llItiTOItY OF OHKOOy.

¥»\

Iiis fiitlier niifl ({rHiidfHtliep, nalivett of tliHt State
liuil till' Hiiiiif iiitini-, Levi 'I'liiii^. IIIh t'litlii'l'
iinirriiHi Minn Mary Mui'tiii, ii native nf New
IlainpAliiiT, and tliey liad xix cliildieii, of wlioiii
tivo arc ulill liviiij^.

Tlu< Kiiliji'ct of tliix Hkot(rli wax reared and
elncatcd in tiie I'ine Tree State. In 185tJ lie
^ailed for ()re;;on, l)y way of ("ape Horn and
San Franeisco, and arrived at (►regon tliat fail
lie tiiok his donation claiui in winit \» now the
Stale of Washinifton, wliiTe he wan iiidnstrioiis
anil prospered, ami where he resided for twenty-
three years.

In Fehrnary, 1X58, he married Miss Ktiiina
('. liozorth, a luvtive of Iowa, and the dantjiiter
of Ki-qnire and Mollie (Willis) Mozortli. Ken-
tuckians. They enrne to ()re<;oii in 1845. Her
father died at Lewis river in Oregon when in
his si.xty-fonrth year, and her uiother snrvived
Inni three years. Mrs. Thinf^f is the yuiingest
of their family of eleven eliildren, three of
whom are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Thing
have also had eleven children. Three died in
cliildliood. Those living are CharlcB K.. of
eastern Oregon; Lena, who married John Stew-
art, and resides on a farm in Wt'shiiigton eonnty;
Horace I)., a resident of Astoria; and llerliert
(traiit, George Otis, Ada I?., Paul and Amy at
lionie.

In 187fi Mr Thing movetl to his present
home in Heedvilte. This place had jnst started
and to Mr. Thing lieloiigs the credit of starting
the first store in the town. Here for ten years
lie did a prosperons Ini^iness, at the end of
which time he retired with a competency. Soon
after coming to Ueedville, lie pnrchased 300
acres of land, a mile from the town, for which
he paid $9 per acre, and in 1890 sold it for S25
per acre. Jlis pleasant home he bnilt in 187(5,
It heiiig one of the hest residences in the town.

Dnring the civil war Mr. Thing was a strong
Union man. Politically, he is a Republican.
Me and his good wife are among the most highly
esteemed people of the town in which they live.

'^■^'^

j&NDREW J. WISE, general merchant at

Perrydale, Oregon, dates his first arrival

in this State in 1847. He has traveled

extensively and his life has been an eveiitfnl

one. Following is a brief outline of his career:

Andrew J. Wise was born in New York,

.Inly 25. 1828. He ig of German anceatry, hii«
grandfather, Josiah Wise, having been born in
Germany and liaving emigrated to .America
and settled in I'onnsylvania, where Mr. Wise's
father, P»»ter Wise, was born. Our »ul)jt>ct's
motlier was before lier marriage Miss Margaret
Clark. She was born in New York, daughter
of ilosiali Clark, a native of Peniisylvania and
a descendant of early settlers of that State. Pe-
ter Wise and his wife had seven children, of
wdiom five arc now living, Andrew .1. being the
fourth born.

The subject of our sketch was reared eliietiy
in Illinois, to which place the family had nioveil,
and it wan in his yonng manhood, at the age of
nineteen, that he came to Oregon, lie drove
an o.x team across the plains for Ids brother-
in-law. Jesse Walling, Mrs. Walling and another
sister coming with them. They made a safe
journey, but were considerably annoyed by
having their cattle stolen by the Indians at Fort
Hall and lliirnt river. Each time, however,
they succeeded in gettinc; tnost of them liack.
Again when they reacdied the Columbia their
stock was stolen, and this time thev regained
them by making the Indians presente of sheets
and blankets. Soon after their arrival in Ore-
gon Dr. Whitman and others were murdered by
tiie Indians, and Mr. Wise volunteered his serv-
ices to help subdue the Hed men and protect
the settlers, but wdien he reached the river the
boat with the volunteers had gone; so he
worked for the Government at Oregon City
with Steve Meek, killing and cutting beef for
the volunteers. He was there all winter and saw
the Indians hung tliat were convicted of the
murder. He then came to Polk county and
took a donation claim in Spring valley, selling
out a year later and taking another donation
claim. September, 1848, he went to the mines
in California and now enjoys relating his mining
stories around his fireside. He paid as hig has
a dollar a pound for Chili flour, which was very
wormy at that.

Mr. Wise was married in 1859, to Miss
Nancy J. McGrew, a native of Indiana and
a daughter of A. S. McGrew. In that same
year they returned East and located in Kansas.
In 1862 ho made a second trip across the plains
to Idaho, tiiis time with horses and mules; came
to Polk county, Oregon, and wintered; returned
to Boise basin; and in 1303 went back across
the plains and settled in Knox county, Hlinois,
where he engaged in raising buildings and

lllsroiir Oh' DHKuns

moving lioiimttt. Krctin tliere \w wtMit to Mnti-
iiiDUtli, tliu county Hout of Witrritn county, hu(I
wiiH for Home tinii* vm^{v^w\ in tnercliaiKliitiiij^.
Ill 187r> lie ruturiiud to Orcjfon. ttjioiit tlircn
'uai-H ill I'olk coiiiify, seven yearn on a fiirMi in
Jiiiatilla eoiinty, ami in \HHt\ caiiu! to i'erry-
tiale. Here liitt HoiiHtarted into liusineHhi in tlii^
I'erryilale general inerclianiiiHe stons ami our
subject iiai) iieijied liiiii al' iij{. U. L. Keyt,
Mr. WiseV Boii-iii-law, \» i sHociated witli liin
8011 in tiic Btore. Tiiey liavea lar^e and well
aN8orted Htock of goodH, are doiiij» a tliriviiiir
huainesn and also keep tlm post otKco. Mr.
and Mrs. Wise have i wo daii|r|iter8 and a 8011,
namely: Suttan May, wife of Albert Plaiikin-
tun; Je««', in i>iisinerts; and Ellen, wife of I). L.
Keyt. Mr. WIho Iihr been prospered in his va-
riolic biiBiness undertakingK, and \ti now conifort-
bly nituated in a f>leasant lioine at I'errydale.
I'oliticiilly ho atiiliatcs with the liepublican
party.

ITKPIIKN BLANK, has the honor of hav-
ing resided in the city of Forest Grove for
the lonffest oontinuous space of time, and
as such mif^lit truthfully bo styled of the father
of the municipality, which alike reflect honor
on each other, the city as being one of the most
beautiful, and the citizen as cuinbining all that
is honorable and worthy in character.

He was lx)rn in Locknort, New York, Decem-
ber 2fi, 1821). His father, Jones Blank, was a
native of Pennsylvania, where he was born in
1799. The ancestors of the family came orig-
inally from the fatherland of (lermany, where
thoy were well and favorably known. The
father married Miss Saloma Moore, also a native
of Pennsylvania, and they had eleven cliildren,
six of whom are now living.

The subject of our sketch was the fourth
child, and attended school in his native city a
little during the winter, later learning the car-
penters' trade of his brother, with whom he
w^orked for some time, but most of his life has
been devoted to fanning.

In 1844 he removed to Illinois, going through
Chicago, which was then but a hamlet, and
near which Government land could have been
had for the asking. He located on a farm near
St. Charles, Illinois, remaining there for eight
years.

lie was married on October !', IHuU, to Mis«
Parthenii .McMillen, a native of Ohio, and u
daughter of .loHfpli and Uiitli .McMilleii, highly
res|»>cted people of that State. She was a must
I'Htimable young lady, and was one of two twin
sisters.

Two years hit«;r, in 1H52, ho and his wife
crossed the |ilaiiis with oxen to Oregon, experi-
encing all the usual vicissitudes of that long
and perilous journey. There were sixteen
wagons in tin* train, and there was a guard kept
all of the time, to prevent being surprised by
tlie Indians, but a more perilous enemy was in
their midst, in the form of cholera, which caiiseil
the death of one of the company, the nst happily
surviving.

Mrs. Blank and wife arrived in Ptirtlan<l aliout
the middle of October. He remained for a
short time at the Dalles, in order to j)roviile for
the keeping of his stock there, and th<! party
agreed to wait there for him. When tiiuy ar-
rive<l, however, they claimed that all of his
cattle had died, but he thinks they were stolen.
He recovered only one cow, which he took out
of a team. She bore his mark, but the man
who WHS driving her, said he would prevent
him taking her, Imt Mr. Blank took her.

Ho came to Forest (Jrove in October, 1852,
where lie ])urchiised three acres of lanti, which
joined the corporation, and which he afterward
platted, laying out Walnut .street acro.s8 it. Ho
lias from tiina to time added to the original
plat, and sold the lots, and has also erected a
number of substantial buildings, thus aiding in
the growth of the city.

He at first worked in logging camps, and
afterward kept a grocery and u meat market,
has also done a good deal of teaming, and has
for years boardea a number of the college stu-
dents, thus turning his hand to whatever was
convenient, and which was most needed. He
has also frequently worked at his trade of car-
pentry, and has always done his own painting.
He had a sash and door factory as early as 1858,
which he continued for ten years, doing at the
same time his other work. He is a stockholder
in the Canning Company, as well as in the Elec-
tric Light Company, and has l)oen eminently
successful in everything he has undertaken.

Mr. and Mrs. Blank uave never had any chil-
dren of their own, but have reared three to
womanhood. Two of these, Mary and Emma
Nichols, were the daughters of James Nichols,
who died when the children were six and eight

(14(1

UISTOUV OF OBECON.

years of age, since which time they found tender
foster parents iii Mr. and Mrs. lilank. Mary,
l)ecaine the wife of Mr. .1. M. Garrison. She is
a hidy of many oharins of person and character,
and is highly esteemed hy all who know her.
She has a nice family. Emma was agood dauj;h-
ter and hecame the wife of Mr. Alien. I'eside
tliese, Mr. and Mrs. l>latik took Ida Horner, in
her third year, and raised her to womanhood.
She remained with them nntil twenty-three
years of ago, when prompted by her kindness of
heart, she went to take care of her aunt's family,
when she l>ecame sick and died. All of these
eiiildren were always treated hy Mr. and Mrs.
Hlaiik with the utmost kindness, as if tliey were
their own, and while the children were with
them, they were patterns of obedience and good-
ness.

Mr. and Mrs. Hhink are still in good health,
a.id enjoy the deserved esteem of the whole
commnnity, who have known them for so many
years, and firmly tested their worth.

f AMES MADISON BELCHER, who
formed one of the long processions of emi-
grants to the wilds of Oregon in 1850, was
born in West Virginia, July 11. 1823. His
I)arents were John and Sarali (Brown) Belcher,
i)oth of whom were worthy natives of the Old
Dominion. They had eight children, five of
whom are now living.

The subject of our sketch was the eldest son,
and when nine years of age, removed with his
parents to Missouri, then a new and sparsely
settled country. Here he lived until he removed
to Oregon.

In 1844 ho was married to Miss Margaret
(Mirisman, a native of Virginia and a daughter
of Mr. Walker (^hrisman, an esteemed resident
of Missouri. Two children were born in Mis-
souri, both sons: John Walker and James
William.

Hearing of the marvelous advantages of cli-
mate and soil to he found in ( )regon, and the
large grants of land oftered to actual settlers hy
the (lovernment, he, like many other adventur-
ous spirits of the day, made the long journey
overland to test for himself the truth of these
reports. He was aecompanie<l, in the long trip
across the ])lains, hy his wife and children and
Ills wife's mother, and their journey was a safe

one, (Ditil the cholera attacked tliora. At ten

o'clock in the hiorninir, their eldest son, .lohn
Walker, was taken ill, and before dark that day
he was dead, and his little grave was made on
the lonely prairie. His wife's mother was also
attacked by tiiis terrible plague and died, adding
another to the already numerous victims of this
dreadful sconrge. Three men in their employ
were added to the victims of this terrible dis-
ease. All of these were buried in the earth,
without coffins, or a particle of pre|)aration for
burial, and no pen can portray the sadness of the
parents as they pursued their lonely way across
those bleak plains. Along the road were many
emigrants, a great number of whom were sick
and dying, and suffering and despair was pictured
on every face. The living hastily buried the
dead and pressed forwarcj, looking back and
around to impress on their memory the place
where they had laid their loved ones. A little
later, Mrs. Belcher Jiad mountain fever and was
in poor health nearly all the rest of the journey,
and for two or three hnndred miles he packed
the boy on horseback. The Indians stole a few
of the cattle, but aside from that they had no
trouble with them. Five months were con-
sumed on the journey, and they wintered in a
little vacant house, seven miles south of La Fay-
ette. That was a severe winter and there was
a very great fall of snow, and they suffered
many hardships in consequence.

The following June they located on a dona-
tion claim, consisting of u section of land, situ-
ated ten miles south of La Fayette, on the Salem
road. This claim they purchased i>f a man and at
once began pioneer life in a small, cheap house
locatedon it. To illustrate the unsettled condition
country and the scarcity of all articles of labor
or merchandise, Mr. Belcher relates that lie lost
his ax on the journey west, and was unable to
purchase another, either in Salem or La Fayette,
and was finally glad to buy a jioor old excuse
for one from some man, paying for it !?2.5G.

Mr. Belcher engaged in stock-raising, and in
1858 took a drove of cattle overland to Cali-
fornia to sell, and was absent fourteen months.
When lie returned to his home in Oregon, he
remained on it uninterruptedly until 1864, im-
proving the property and farming the land.
He then purchased land in La l''ayette, on which
he built a large and comfortalile home, since
when he has been engaged in merchandise with
Mr. Hendricks. After doing business for sev-
eral years with ditferent partners, ho dissolved

n I STORY oP onnaon.

041

pai'triersliij) and coiitiiiiied in tlie busiiiuss for
twelve yeKi-s alone, meeting with merited suc-
cess, as his dealings were lionorable and his
methods liberal.

In March, 1874, Iip .etired from bnsiness alto-
gether, lie still retains his farm, on which is
produced grain and stock, and it i? now in a
good location with relation to tlie city, and has
become very valuable property.

Mr. and Mrs. Helcher have had seven chil-
dren, only two of whom are now living: Jaujos
William, died August 2, 1862; Charles Thomas
resides in Portland, and is a member of the spe-
cial police force; Einsia Ann died when almost
two years of age; Affa lielle resides at home;
Clarence Walker died when eleven months old.

Mr. Helcher is a liberal Democrat, but has
given politics little attention, other than desir-
ing the elet'tion of good men to office. He is a
prominent member of the I. (>. (). F., in the
welfare of which he takes a great interest. lie
and his worthy wife, who have been married
for forty-eight years, forty- two of wluch have
been spent in Oregon, are esteemed members of"
the Metliodist Church, to the support of which
they have always contributed liberally of their
means and influence. Sitiuited in a pleasant
liume, surrounded by all the comforts of life
they risked so much to secure, they have realized
more than their fondest expectations. All of
which has come in response to their persistent
efforts, and by reason of the larger opportuni-
ties afforded by the glorious commonwealth of
Oregon.

fOIIN HUOWN, an Oregon pioneer of 184G,
was born in Knox county, Tennessee, in
1831. His parents, Hugh L. and Clarissa
(Mrowning) Hrown, were natives of Tennessee
and North Carolina, respectively. In 1838
they emigrated to Missouri and settled in the
I'latte purchase, Platte county, and reclaimed
and improved a comfortable home. In 184()
he entered into partnership with James Hlakely
and they ])urchased three wagons and eight
yoke of cattle and the necessary supplies, and
struck ( ut for Oregon among the first emigrants
of that season. With abundant provisions and
good feed for their cattle, their journey was
comfortably performed and they landed at Fos-
ter's tort in the Willamette valley, September

15, 184(5. Mr. IJrown proceeded up the valley
and located his donation claim, of tJ40 acres,
one mile east of the present town of i'rowns-
ville, and began farming. A few years later
he was employed by llartless & St. Clair to
conduct a little store, around which a settle-
ment sprung up and by mutual consent was
called Brownsville. The town site was platted
by James Blakely about 1855, when Siessrs.
Brown & Blakely purchased the store anil
continued the business tor two years, when
Blakeiy retired and Mr. Brown continued un-
til 18G0. He was one of the organizers of the
Linn Woolen Mill and was very active in the
management until it was destroyed by fire, in
1802. His eyesight then began to fail and he
sold his farm and removed to Brownsville,
where he resided until his death, January 23)
1888, aged seventy-eight. His widow still sur-
vives him, aged eighty-two years. Mr. Brown
was a soldier in the Cayuse war and rendered
valuable service to the sparsely settled country.
He served one term in the Territorial Legisla-
ture, two terms in the State Legislature and as
a member of the Board of Conunissioners of
Liim county. He was very prominent in
church and educational work and was the able
founder of a prosperous settlement.

John Brown in. proved the limited educa-
tional advantages in Missouri and crossed the
plains with his parents. In October, 1855,
when the Kog'ie river Indians arose in arms,
he volunteered and was in the service until the
close of the war, in the sumtner of 1856. In
1857 he began trading in cattle, but remained
with his parents until 1803, when he was mar-
ried to Miss Amelia L. Spaulding, who was born
in the Nez Perces country at theLapwai Indian
Mission, where her father. Rev. II. H. opaul-
ding, was then stationed as a Presbyterian mis-
sionary, appointed by the Board, and entering
the Held in 183(5, and subsequently settling in
Brownsville. Mr. Brown purchased 408 acres
of land from Mr. Spaulding, one mile east of
Brownsville, and there located after marriage
and engaged in farming and raising stock, which
interests ho has continued to the present day.
In 1885 ho built his haiulsome and spacious
residence, but his wife, a sufferer of many years,
enjoyed it but a brief time, as she died in No-
vember, 1889, leaving two children: Loretta,
wife of Alexander Foster; and Malcolm Earle.
Mr. Brown wr.<j a member of the flrst woolen
mill enterprise, in 1800, and was one of the

043

niSTORT OF OlthJCON.

Byiulicate to jtiircliase the Urowiisville Woolen
and Flour Mill property in 1889 and to organ-
ize the EB<(le WooleTi Mill Company, ot wliicli
lie is a diret'tdr.

Family cares and illness have prevented him
from engatfing in public or political matterB,
but he liolds a prominent position in the com-
miiiiity and i.s osteeuietl by all who know him,

fOllN F. COOK, a prominent Yam Hill
eonnty farmer and an Oregon pioneer of
1852, was liorn in Tennessee, January 22,
1828. His father, James Cook, was a native
of (Georgia, born February 11, 1786, and his
grandfather, Thomas Cook, was a captain in the
war of the Revolution. Mr. Cook's father mar-
ried Miss Uhoda Franklin, a native of Georgia,
and the daughter of a Revolutionary soldier.
They reared twelve children to maturity, but
only three of them are now living.

Mr. Cook, their tenth child and the tuhject
of this memoir, was brought up to manhood in
his native State and before coming to Oregon
owned a small farm. Marcli 6, 1852, he started
for the distant West, Oregon, and made a safe
journey, arriving in Oregon, August 16. The
train to which lie belonged led the emigration
that year, and it was fortunate that it did so, as
those who came latei' suffered from the ravages
of the cholera.

After remaining a month at Salem Mr. Cook
came to Yam llill county and was employed on
a farm near the point now occupied by McMinn-
ville, during the winter. The following year
he went to ('alifornia and worked in the mines
at Yreka, making fair wages. After spending
8 year there he returned to Oregon and for two
years worked fu" wages in Marion county, for
$40 a month. lie then eame to Yam Hill
county and after laboring for a time for wages
he purchased his first land in this State, 320
acres, six miles southwest of McMinnville. En-
gaging in grain and stock-raising ho prospered
well, and as opportunity ofi'ered, he, from twrie
to time, added to his lauded estate by purchase
until he had 1,200 acres, which he still owns.
In 18^i7. to be convenient to schools and college,
he bought 138 acres of land, with a good house,
orchard, etc., near town, wliere he has since re-
sided and made further improvements. He is
still in active nianagement of all his farms.

December 11, 1860, Mr. Cook married Miss
Esther A. I'rosser, a native of HUnois and the
daughter of Henry Prosser. Her family crossed
the plains to this State in 1852, wintered at
Fort Hall and arrived in Oregon during tlie
following spring. Mr. and Mrs. Cook's chil-
dren are: Mary Lucretia, who died in her thir-
ty-seventh year; James Henry, who lives at his
parental home, and is a graduate of the Mc-
Minnville C'oUege; Rhoda Angeline, who died
in her third year; Wilber ('owles and Alma
FjSther are now at College; Jolin Roice and
Cora Pearl are attending the pnblic school.

Mr. and Mrs. Cook are worthy members of
the Free Methodist Church. Mr. Cook has
been a Kepublican, but is also a strong temper-
ance man and a prohibitionist

Such is the story of a pioneer who came to
Oregon forty years ago without means, other
than his physical and moral energies, and he
has acquired a fine property.

-Cj-*'

«»?;--

fOSEFH P. TATE. M. D., deceased, was
born in Greene county, Ohio, October 30,
1822, a descendant of Scotch ancestry.
Left an orphan in childhood, he was reared by
his aunt. As soon as he had acquired education
sufficient to enable him to teach, he did so, at
the same time continuing his studies until he
had completed his literary courcie. He then
took up the study of medicine, and in due time
graduated at the Miami University.

Aiiout 1840 JJr. Tate began the practice of
medicine in (Carroll county, Indiana, where he
remained until the spring of 1853. At that
time he joined the tide of emigration and
crossed the plains to Oregon. This journey was
made with ox teams and required eight month's,
the train with wliich he travele<l landing safe
in Albany, Linn county, October 28, 1853.

The Doctor at once established himself in
yiractice at Albany, and in May of the following
year was united in marriage to Eliza J.,
daughter of John Smith, Mr. Smith and his
family having crossed the plaint, to Oregon in
the same company with which Dr. Tate traveled.

John Smith was a native of Pennsylvania,
born November 12, 1801. When a boy he
moved to Ohio, and afterward went from there
to Indiana, where he was married in 1823 to
Elizabeth Evans. Locating in Carroll county,

niSTOUY OF ORMG')N.

lie followed fanning there until the spring of
1853, when he came to Oregon ami settled on a
farm near Albany. He subsequently moved to
town and followed the trade of carpenter. Al-
though very inKrm, he is still living, having
reached the advanced age of ninety years. His
wife died July 19. 1889, and he is spending the
evening of his life with his daughter, Mrs. Tate.
Dr. Tate was one of the most successful phy-
sicians in Albany and had a large and lucrative
practice. A stanch and active Kepublican, ho
represented Linn county for two terms in *Jie
State Legislature. In the winter of 18''T-'78
his health gave way and after an illness of a
few months he was called to his last home,
June 14, 1878. He left a bereaved wife, two
children, — Laufa A. and John T. — and a large
circle of friends to mourn their loss. His
widow and daughter reside in Albany. John
T. is a dentist in Portland.

W. CORNELIUS; M. D.— The ancestors
of the subject of this sketch, like many
I* others of the pioneers of Oregon, were
attracted to her borders by the liberal land
grants which were made by the Government to
actual settlers. It is this fact which induced
J^enjamin Cornelius, of Jasper county, Mis-
souri, to undertake that long, perilous journey
toward the setting sun. Making the necessary
arrangements, Benjamin Cornelius, with' his
wife and ten children, set forth on April 2,
1845, for Indepeudence, the general rendezvous
of westornboutid travelers. There, organizing
their train of thirty wagons, with a company of
about 250 persons, under the captaincy of Law-
rence Hall, they moved westward, arriving at
Fort Hall, without i neon venie rice or serious
trouiile. Thence they proceeded toward Fort
Boise, before reaching which point their minds
were changed, and they undertook a most haz-
ardous diversion of route. They were incited
to do this by Stephen Meek, a professed trap
per from the Rocky mountains to the Pacific
ocean, who suggested a ''cut-off," which he rep-
resented to be much shorter than the old route,
and pictured in glowing colors as being located
through a beautiful country, where grass and
water abounded. He talked so plausibly and
was apparently so familiar with the route, that
a portion of the Hall and Totherow companies.

among whom were the Cornelius and McKinney
families, too!: the new road, and clieerfully
struck off south of the Blue mountains, expect-
ing soon to reach the Dalles. It was not long,
however, before it became apparent that Meek
knew nothing of the conr.try; still they pressed
forward, when, in the course of a fortnight, they
found themselves in a dry and inhospitable re-
gion, with rapidly diminishing supplies, thin
and emaciated figures, with sickness and death
settling upon the company. For a while they
had funerals at every camp, and over the graves
were built camp-tires, which, later, were driven
across by teams and wagons, to deceive the In-
dians as to the resting-place of the dead. Thus-
they dragged their weary way along, killing
their much-prized cattle to supply their wants,
until, through an advance party, relief was
brought to them from the Dalles, where they
eventually arrived, much reduced in numbers
by the ravages of death. The succeeding ad-
ventures of that distressed party were not mem-
orable. They all reached Willamette, where
the Cornelius family settled (m what was sub-
sequently known as Cornelius Plain, in Wash-
ington county, a large number of the family
being adult children, who each pre-empted land,
took up a large tract in that vicinity.

Benjamin Cornelius, Jr., was married, on
Cornelius Plain, in 1852, to Rtchel McKinney,
a pioneer of 1845, and a member of the Meek
company. They lived on their farm until 1872,
when they removed to Forest Grove, for the
purpose of educating their children; and there
Mr. Cornelius conducted a speculative and
money-loaning business, until his death, in 1881.
He left a widow, who still survives, and three
children.

C. W. Cornelius was the second child, and
was born on Cornelius plain in 1855. He se-
cured an academic education at Pacific Univer-
sity at Forest Grove, and in 1879 began the
study of medicine with Dr. Bailey, of Hills-
boro. He also attended two courses at the
medical depirtment of Willamette University.
He then discontinued his studies for a time,
going in 1880 to Spokane Falls, where he built
a" drug store, which was the third business
house ever erected in the town. This he oper-
ated for about eighteen months, when he re-
turned to Portland, where he continued the
drug business until 1886. He then engaged in
business in San Franciscj; later, trying iniu-
ing in soutliern Oregon, which latter under-

044

HISTORY OF OREGON.

v. i

taking resulted disastrously. After this lie
ii'turned to the niodicai (lepartment of the
Oregon State University, wiiere lie ifraduated
in ]\[arcli, 188!.t, and since then has followed his
profession in Portland. In April, 1891, he
formed a partnership with Dr. II. II. Littlefield,
who has been a practitioner in Oregon for up-
ward of twenty-three years, and their practice
is jreneral in medicine and i-urgery.

Dr. Cornelius was married in Portland, in
1S70. to Miss Minnie Canon, an estiin.il)le
lady and a native or Oregon. She is a di ugh-
ter of Sylvester Canon, a widely known and
highly esteemed Oregon pioneer of 18-l'J. They
have no children.

The Doctor is a prominent Mason, a Past
District Deputy and Noble Grand, 1. O. O. F. ;
also a charter member and Knight of the Po-
nevolent Protective Order of Elks; Past I'ro-
pliet, lied Men of the World; a member of the
Knights of Pythias and of the Ancient Order
of United Druids, as well as an active member
of the State Medical Society.

Few men in Oregon are more deservedly
popular than Dr. Cornelius, who, aside from
ills high social connection and the prominence
of his family, has qualities which would secure
for him, unaided by any outward influence, that
esteem of his fellow-ni>*n, which he now so uni-
versally enjoys.

•-*=-

fUDGE DAVID M. ItlSDON.-Among
those who blazed a path in Oregon, and
distinguished themselves as worthy de-
■ sceiidants of the Pilgrim fathers and early
American colonists, no one is more deserving
of mention than the well-known jurist of Ku
gene, Lane county, Judge David M. liisdoii.

This gentleman has placed a continent be-
tween himself and the place of his birth, which
event occurred in Fairtield, Franklin county,
Vermont, June 3. 1821. His father, a native
of New Vork. subse(juently settled in Vermont,
where he engaged in farming and the luinl)er
business, erecting the first sawmill in Fairfii'M
township. His second wife was Mrs. Matteson,
whose maiden name was Polly Willmarth, from
Shaftesbury, Vermont. They had three sonn
and one daughter, one of whom was the subject
of this sketch.

David M. received au academic education at

Bakerstield, Vermont, and remained with hia
parents until 1815, when he joined the west-
ward tide of emigration, going to Stark county,
Illinois, where he began teaching school, Iiut
after one season went to Peoria and commenced
the study of law under Hon. II. O. Meriman.
On July 7, 1819, he was admitted to practice
ill all the courts of Illinois, and settled in Tou-
lon, (lold was discovered in California in Jan-
uary, 1848, and created widespread excitement,
thus it is not surprising that young Mr. Kisdon
should have caught the infection, and that in
the spring of 1850 he should have formed one
of the many thousand emigrants to the Golden
State. lie crossed the plains and engaged in
mining at Weaverville, (Jalifornia, where he
was rewarded with very good success. Not
being accustomed to roughing it, however, he
became ill and left the mines, taking passage
for Oregon on a sailing vessel, arriving in Port-
land December 9, 1850. Here he hired an In-
dian to take him in a canoe to Oregon City, at
which place he arrived during the .session of the
Legislature, and met many of the prominent
men of the Territory. He continued his travels
up the valley, and arrived in Lane county Jan-
uary t). 1851. Iieing so well jtleased with the
fertility of the hind and the mild climate, he'
located a donation claim adjoining and south of
that of I'-ugene F. Skinner. On this he built a
cabin, which was the nucleus of the city of Eu-
gene. Ho was the first resident within the cor-
porate limits of that city in 187(5, since which
time the limits have been extended, taking in
the original residence of E. F. Skinner, one of
the proprietors, and making him the first resi-
dent within the present corporate limits. With
Mr. Skinner he established a meridian line from
the north star, for the survey of the town. In
1851, on the fiist Monday in .lune, Mr. Kisdon
was elected to the Territorial Legislature, the
polls being at Mr. Skinner's house in !/ane
county, fifty-one votes representing the electors
of Lane county 'lo was therefore the first
Representative elcjc'rd from that county, while
A. L. Humphrey v!n.t. the tirst Councilman (Sen-
ator), rei)resenting also Benton county. In the
spring of 1852 he went to the gold niincs at
Jacksonville, but returned in the fall of that
year to Lane county, whence he went to Salem
to lobby through the bill locating tlie county
seat of Lane comity, which was an act sub-
mitting the location to a vote of the electors of
the county, and which he was instrumental in

msTonr of oheoun.

6-t')

establishing at Eugene City. In 1853 lie set-
tled near Irving, where he toUowed the practice
of law and engaged in fanning iind stock-
raising. In 1857 he returned to Kngene City
and bought his present property, on the corner
of Seventh and High streets, which was the
first land conveyed by deed in Lane county, and
the oak tree in the corner of his lot has been
the base of city surveys and boundaries. After
the organization of the county seat, Mr. liisdoii
was appointed County Clerk, and started the
records of the county. He then engaged in the
practice of his profession at Eugene, and was
elected County Judge by the Tnion party, and
served four years. In 1877 he went to Whit-
man county, Washington Territory, whence he
returned in 1880 to Eugene, where he has since
resided. lie practiced law for a brief period,
after which he retired from active business, and
is now eng.'i'fed in looking after his property
interests, whicii cover about 1,000 acres in Lane
county, Oregon, and Whitman county, Washing-
ton, besides valuable residence and business
property in Eugene and Lewiston, Idaho.

The Judge was married in Lane county, Oc-
tober 8, 1853, to Miss I'auline G. Wright, of
Connecticut, a niece of A. L. Humphrey, a
well-known pioneer of 1840. They settled in
Lane county, from which place the Judge was
the first Representative to the Territorial Legis-
lature. They have two children, Augustus D.
and Ella Kisdon Houghton.

The Judge served as Superintendent of Schools
in the early establishment of Lane county, in
which capacity he guarded the educational in-
terests of the county in the sale of the school
lands. He has been instrumental in the form-
ing and enforcing of good laws, and aided in
the moral and material advancement of his
county and the State at large, and justly enjoys
the esteem of all honorable men.

- — ^-^B--^

fC. HAYEIl is a native son of the Golden
, West, born in Santa Rosa, California, in
o 1885. His father, Anthony J. Bayer, vvas
a native of Germany, and was a California
pioneer of 1850, who was attracted to the coast
through the fabulous tales of the gold excite-
ment. Coming by water and the Isthmus of
Panama he entered the mines, which he fol-
lowed assiduously for about four years, and en-

joyed the experience of njost miners, striking
it rich one day, to be followed by a day of dis-
aster and depression, and so continuously, with
the nps and downs, his patience became ex-
hausted, and he purchased a large raiicii near
Santa Rosa, and engaged in the stock business.
His wife was Miss Jane Holmes, of .New York.
About 1855 he sold his rancli and m ';k and re-
moved to San Francisco, and there ojiotied a
bakery and engaged in the manufacture of con-
fectionery, which he continued until 1870, when
the fell destroycM-, '• Death,"' visited the family
and removed Mr. and Mr. Rayer and the eldest
child, leaving only J. C. Rayer to represent the
name.

He was educated at the Lincoln school and
Ileald's Business College in San Francisco, and
at Brayton's College at Oakland. At the age
<d' Hfteen years he entered the office of Conlan
& Roberts, of San Francisco, to learn the trade
of working sheet mgtals, cornices and rooting,
continuing with the firm until about 187tt,
when he came to Portland and established i)usi-
ness on Third street, between Elaine and Madi-
son, With l)Ut ^300 capital his plant was but
necessarily small, and witii no influential friends
or even acquaintances in the city, his thorough
knowledge of the business was the best friend
and capital. Reginning in this small way, do-
ing much of the work himself, he made his
start, but by activity, perseverance and careful
attention to his business, assistants and in-
creased facilities were required, and he soon
became the representative man of his class in
the city.

In 1885 he purchased the business property,
205 and 2(>7 Second t^treet, erected buildiuiis
u|)on the entire lot, and has emplbyeil an aver-
age of forty men continuously, with improved
machinery and every facility to manufacture
roofing and cornice. He is the leading manu-
facturer, and has for the past ten years per-
formed all the large contracts, with and exten-
sive trade throughout Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, and even reaching Alaska. He imports
his raw material direct from the Eastern manu-
facturers, and his rooting materials direct from
Liverpool by sailing vessel.

He was nnirried in San Francisco in 1885, to
Miss Henrietta Staunch, a native of Baltimore,
Maryland. They have three children: Alice,
Emma and Jo.seph. The family reside at the
corner of Seventh and Lincoln streets, wliich
Mr. Bayer built in 1888, He is a member of

wn^

646

insrouY OF orbgon.

V. & A. M., Oregon Commandery of K. T.,
and I. O. (1. F. He organized the Hiiilders'
Exclianfre in 1889, and tor two years served as
president; also a member of the Ciiamber of
Commerce and of the Portland Indnstrial Asso-
ciation. Though not a seeker of public office,
Mr. Hayer is an active promoter of pnblic im-
provements, and a believer in the future of his
adoptfed city.

— -^^^Wr^^

[ELOS D. NEEll, who for a number of
years has been j)roiuinently identified with
the architectural interests of Portland,
Oregon, is well known not only in this city but
also throughout other towns and cities of the
State. A resume of his life is as follows:

Delos D. Xeer was born in Oharlotteviile,
Schoharie county, New York, in 1847, oldest of
the seven children of Charles and Ijevancha
(Schermerhorn) Neer, natives of that locality.
Charles Neer operated a harness and wagon
manufactory, was raised on a farm, and spent a
great deal of his early life teachitig school.
Delos U. remained at home attending school
until 1857, when, by the death of his father,
self-support became necessary, and he found
employment at farm work, turning in the mere
pittance received as wages to his mother to aid
in her maintenance. Thus he labored in sum-
mer and attended school in winter until 1804.
At that time he enlisted at East Worcester,
New York, in the Third New York Cavalry,
and was forwarded to the recruiting rendezvous

at Hart's Island, where, because of misplaced

papei

Iluiiilred and Thirty-third New Y'ork Infantry,

papers, he was attached to Coinpa

t misplaced
ny K, One

Third Brigade, First Division, Nineteenth
Army Corps, Department of the Potomac, under
command of Gen. Phil Sheridan. He engaged in
the campaign of the Shenandoah Valley during
18()4 and 1805, and after the war closed passed
through the grand review at Washington, was
discharged at Hart's Island, and from there
started home. At Albany Mr. Neer chanced to
meet his old emploj'er, Mr. Van Benthusen,
with whom he immediately engaged for the
summer, haying and harvesting.

In the spring of 18(57 he was employed by
Mr. Ogden, a prominent contractor and builder
of Ivirkwood, New York, and with him went to
Jersey City, New Jersey. There he received

liis initial lessons in building, construction and
drawing. Taking naturally to the trade, he
acquired such proficiency, that in the spring of
1868 he returned to Hinghainton, fitted himself
with tools, and began work as journeyman car-
penter, which he followed for many years.

Mr. Neer was married near Binghamton in
the fall of 1869, to Miss Alfrelia Collins, a native
of that locality. They had two children,
neither of whom survived infancy, and in 1873
Mrs. Neer died.

After the death of his wife Mr. Neer went to
Waverly, New York, where he oontinned con-
tracting and building, and where he was also
engageii in the manufacture of doors and sashes.
He remained there until the spring of 1875.
At that time, having decided to visit California,
he arrived in the Golden State in April. He
followed his trade in San Francisco, and while
there was employed on the Hopkins' mansion.
In February, 1879, he removed to Portland, and
about this time conceived the idea of applying
himself to architecture as a profession. This
he successfully accomplished, and in 1880
opened an office in East Portland. He was
chieHy engaged upon dwelling houses until
1882, when he formed a copartnership with
John Loromer, and their office was removed to
Portland. They did an active and successful
business until the fall of 1883, when the part-
nership was dissolved. Mr. Neer was architect
and superintendent of construction of the court-
houses of Clackamas, Benton and Washington
counties, and of the new jail for Lane county,
this State, and also of the courthouse at Sno-
homish, Washington, besides many brick build-
ings, schools and residences in Portland, and a
lar^re part of the brick work of the East side.
He was architect of the Barr Block, which is
one of the latest imposing business blocks of
the city.

Mr. Neer's second marriage occurred in Oak-
land, California, in October, 1877, to Miss Kate
L. Saunders, a native of Missouri. They have
three children : Helen li., Harry W. and Bessie L.

Mr. Neer is deeply interested in the G. A. R.,
and it was through his eflforts that Sumner
Post, No. 12, was organized in 1881. Ho was
eleced the first Post Commander. For two
years he has served as Inspector for the De-
partment of Oregon, and for the same length of
time as Assistant Inspector on the staff of the
Commander-in-chief of National Organization.
He has been a member of the A. O. U. W. for

a I STORY OF oitmooN.

B47

eleven years, and in now a Past (Chancellor of
Phalanx Lodge, No. 14, K. of P., and last, hut
not least, is prominently identified with Port-
land Lodge, No. 142, H. P. (). K. The subject
of this eketch is tiioroughly Oregonian, having
sworn full allegiance to the State of his adop-
tion, and it as trough the couihined efforts of
such men that Oregon is fast coming to rank
as one of tiie foremost States of the Union.

^-#-H#-«

jLONZO GESNEIl, City Surveyor for the
city of Salem, is a native of Coles county
Illinois, born March 2, 1842. ills father,
lieuben A. Gesner, was a native of New York,
who settled in Illinois about 1834, and married
Miss Mary V. Hailey, native of Kentucky. In
1845, Mr. Gesner, wife and two children
crossed the great plains to Oregon, and reach-
ing the IJalles, found no road over the Cascade
mountains. They came down the Columbia
river by canoes and rafts, guided by the Indi-
ans, and then by keel-boats down the Columbia
river. There was a large emigration during the
year 1845, because of the anticipated passage of
the " donation act," giving a man and wife each
320 acres of land. Mr. Gesner came direct to
Marion county, and settled upon 640 acres,
aix miles southeast of the city of Salem, and
there engaged in farming, and resided there
until his death in 1888. The farm is still held
by the family, undivided. Mr. Gesner was in
the western country eighteen monchs before the
first letter from home reached them. The hard-
ships were very great. All the wearing ap-
parel was of h(yme manufacture, the men mak-
ing clothes from buckskin, shoes from cowhides,
the women using wagon cloth or such other like
material as could be procured for dresses. There
being but little money in the land, wheat was
considered legal tender at %1 per bushel. In
1852, because of the large emigrations wheat
was held at $5 per bushel.

Alonzo Gesner was educated at Willamette
University, and then began teaching school,
which he followed for one year. Then prefer-
ing manual labor to that of teaching school
he began cutting cord wood and earned sufficient
money during the seiison to purchase thirty
acres of land near the home farm, which he
still owns. In 1872 he began surveying
with Mr. Wilkins of Lane county, and during

the same year wa.s elected County Surveyor, and
re-elected in 1876-'78, which is the best evi-
dence iif his satisfactory work, lie was also
engaged in the survey of pnl.iic lands for the
United States Government. In 1882, in part-
nership with General Odell, they purchased the
Oregon Statesnian, and continued about eight
months, when Mr. Gesner sold his interest, to
.accept the appointment by I'resident Arthur, to
the position of Indian Agent, to the Warm
Spring Reservation. He held the office for
nJTieteen months until the change to the Cleve-
land administration. lie then returned to his
farm, where he was occupied until the spring of
1889; he was elected City Surveyor by the City
Council of Salem, January, 1890, and re-elected
January, 1891, filling the office two terms.

lie has served nine years in the State Militia,
for nearly three years was Captain of Company I,
Second Regiment, Oregon National Guards, the
headquarters of which was at McCoy, Oregon.

He was married in Salem, in 1875, to Miss
Rhoda E. Neal. a native of Oregon, and daugh-
ter of George Neal an Oregon pioneer of 1845.
This union has been blessed with three chil-
dren: Stella P., Leroy L., and Khoda M.

Mr. Gesner is a member of Pacific Lodge,
No. 50. F. & A. M., and the A. O. U. W., and
is a Republican in politics.

— '^^M-^^^^ —

ILLIAM CAMPBELL, of McMinnville
,,.„,|.. Oregon, a man who, by his own in-
I*"^5n tellect and industry, has risen to
wealth and influence, is a native of New York
State, where he was born September 4, 1827.
His parents, William and Grace (Logan) Camp-
bell, were natives of Scotland, who came to
America, soon after their marriage. They had
eight children, only two of whom now survive.
The subject of our sketch was reared to man-
hood in his native State, being educated at the
Eublic schools, and learning, when grown, the
lacksmiths' trade. He afterward worked at
his trade in (Jswego, Lowell and other places
as a journeyman. Having by this time lieard
of the marvelous opportunities of the West for
men of ability to accumulate a competence in a
short time, he determined to go West, and ac-
cordingly, in 1855, we find him in San Francisco,
He formed a partnership with a Mr. Black at
Marysville, California, where he continued for

048

Ills four OF OUKGOX.

«l

^^i:;

']'V

■r I

two years. In 1858, he caiiio to lV)rtliiiul, Ore-
gon, luid from tliero went to the Friisor river, at
tlie time of the gokl excitement in tiiat vicinity.
Ijut h\ter returnetl to I'ortlanii, from where, in
September of that year, lie ciime to Yam Hill
county. lie worked for a short time at La Fay-
ette, coming in November of the same year to
Me.Minnville, which had at that time only one
store and four or five honses, the flouring;
mill, wliich had been built by W. T. Newby;
the store was conducted by Solomon J'erry.
Mr. Campbell purchased a shop, and began his
business, his motto being good work and prompt
business methods, which brought him an abun-
dance of work and good pay. Me was so suc-
cessful, that at the end of five years, he built a
large establishment, and commenced to manu-
facture carriages and wagons, and is credited
with being the pioneer carriage- maker of AIc-
^Minnviiie. He coutiinied his business with
untiring energy, and invested all surplus funds
in land, both in the city and in the surrounding
county. He has been of great benefit to the
city, rendering it material aid on .several occa-
sions, one of which was when the railroad was
l)uilt, when there was .Hii effort made to leave
McMiunville at one side, but Mr. Campbell
spared no time or trouble, until he ha<l over-
come every ilitHculty, and finally secured the
road. Tlie result has been the continued
growth of the city, and its appointment as the
county seat of Yam Hill county. He has em-
phasjjied his faith in the future prosperity of
the city, by building eight substantial business
houses, Ijcsides several comfortable residences,
including his own commodious and beautiful
home, which with its grounds form one of thp
most attractive places in the city. He now
owns three farms, one of 120 acres, another of
320, while he has still another of 400 acres.
On these, he is conducting farming, stock-rais-
ing and dairying. Hesides these, he owns a
portion of the J. M. Jones' Addition to Mc-
Miunville. He is one of tlie founders, and a
stockholder and director of the McMinuville
Natioiuil l?auk, and has been since its com-
incucement. He is also a large stockholder in
the Creamery and t!old-storage Company of this
city.

In 18(i2 he was married to Miss Ellen Ack-
cry, but their happy union was destined to be
of short duration, for after, a l)rief year of
happy tnarried life, his beloved wife died, and a
few month.s later the baby also died. His wife

was a lady of intelligence, and many charms
of person and character, and was lamented by
a large circle of friends. For sixteen years,
Mr, Catnpbell remained single, when on April
20, 1880, lie was married to Miss Hattie
Laughery, a native of Iowa, and a daughter of
W, .1, Laughery, a most estinnible lady, and
fully suited to be an interesting companion to a
man of ability. They have two promising chil-
dren, I'earl I''uBia and William Cliester.

Mr, Campbell is a lifelong Uepublican, and
an ardent worker in behalf of its principles,
which have always appeared to him to be com-
mendable. He is a prominent member of the
I. O. O. F., having passed all the chairs of that
society.

He was reared a J'resbyterian, his parents
being members of that denomination, but has
recently joined the i^aptist Church, to which
his wife has belonged for fifteen years, and of
which she is the accomplisiied organist.

His conceded ]>robity has reiulered him very
popular among his ''ellow-men, while his kindly
character and cordial manners have tended to
euhnnce the esteem excited by his nprightness
and ability, ami he is most worthy of the tlat-_
tering !'e;^r.rd indulged in by the community.

A V I D E V E II EST, an honored Oregon
])ioneer of 1847, an Indian war veteran,
.^ and a well-to-do Yam Hill county farmer,
was born in Kent, England, September 17, 1824,
son of Richard and Jane (Cole) Everest, both
natives of Ilever parish, England. In 1835,
when David was eleven years of age, the family
emigrated to the United States aiul settled in
Nevark, Ohio. From there they moved to
AVashington county, Iowa, where the fatlier t(iok
up a farm and where they resided until 1847.
That year, lured by the mild climate of Oregon
and the Government's otter of rich lands there,
the father l)ronglit his family, at that time con-
sisting of his wife and nine children, across the
plains to this coast. They started with three
■.vagons, with three yoke of oxen to each, and also
had some loose stock and hor8(s, and the train
with which they traveled at first comiirised 100
wagons. As the journey progressed, however,
they divided into smaller companies, each being
composed of twenty wagons. They made the
trip in anfe'^y, their only trouble being with

HISTORY OF OltKOON.

fl4fl

their stock, wliicli was easily frij^iiteniM]. At
one time their oatthj ran away witli the waj^ons,
spilling; tliiiiffs out at a lively rate. Tlie suiell
of deal! buffaloes and otiier animals, and even
tiie snddeii rnnniriji; up of their own dogs would
frighten their teanis. They put ropes on their
leaders and led them, an<l the dogs they killed.

Iteaehinji Oregon, they first stoppe<l on the
opposite side of. the river from Salem. The
father then selected a donation claim of (540
acres in the Chehalein valley, and that fall they
established themselves in a little log cabin on it.
The parents resided here the rest of their lives,
working hard to improve their farm, and hero
the mother died in 1887, in her eighty-fifth
year, and the father in 1888, aged eighty-si.x.
They were Episcopalians, .people of worth and
respectability, esteemed by all who knew them.

Their son David, when he arrived at the
Cascade mountains, was employed in helping to
build a road. lie reached Oregon City before
the family, and there worked on a Hudson's Bay
hatteau until the ninth of December. While
there. the news of the massacre of Dr. Whitman
reached them and he at once enlisted liis serv-
ices to protect the settlers against the Indians.
He was under Captain Lee. At Vancouver
they obtained arms and supplies and with three
batteaus and a canoe transported them to the
Dalles. Opposite Wind mountains they were
detained by the wind until the last day of the
vear. That evening the wind subsided and on
the following day they arrived at the Dalles.
Here they landed, built fortifications, and had
several skirmishes with the Indians. In Feb-
ruary General (Tillam joined them with re-en-
forcements. They went to Walla Walla. At
Well Springs they had a fight with the Indians,
which lasted the most of two days. They went
up the Walla Walla river to Whitman's Station,
wiiere they found the bodies of murdered set-
tlers imperfectly buried and partly decomposed,
and they buried them over again. They then
followed the Indians up until they had them in
a close place, and when thus cornered the red
men pretended to be friends and the Peace
Commissioner prevented their being fired upon.
The soldiers withdrew and before they had gone
more than two miles were pursued and fired
npon by the Indians. They had traveled two
days without provisions and were obliged to
retire, fighting that day and night without food.
In crossing the Tusha river they lost a man and
had several wounded. Two days later they

reached Walla Walla, after having snU'ered much
from hunger. General (iillam then returned
with his command to the valley. Sixty men
volunteered to stay at Whitman's Station, ^Ir.
Kverest being one of the number, and of this
compaity William ilartain was elected ('a|itain.
They, iiowever, had no further trouble with the
Indians, and in October, after the last train of
emigrants had arrived, they came down to the
valley.

In 1841) Mr. Everest went to the mines in
California, where he was engaged in packing,
mining and trading. lie mined as high as SdO
in a day for several days, and one day took
out a nugget worth $80. lie continued this
business, off and on, from 1849 till 1855, and
also had a trading post on the Trinity river, in
the mean time returning several times to Ore-
gon. During this period he had many e.xciting
experiences and narrow escapes. At one time
seeing a bear have a inaTi down anil about to
kill him, Mr. Everest shot and killed the bear
with his revolver.

In 1855, when the C-ros-ernment agaiii called
for volunteers to tight the Indians, he again
tendered his services, this time being under
command of Captain Ilembree. During the
campaign they ran down wild cattle and shot
them from their horses. In this Mr. Everest
proved himself an expert, shooting them while
his horse was on a full run in pursuit of them.
They succeeded in running the Indians out of
the country and were then honorably discharged.

September 27, 1856, Mr. Everest married
Miss Irena Jones, a native of Iowa, and a
daughter of William Jones. They crossed the

Flains in the same train with Mr. Everest, Miss
rena being then only seven years of age. Her
father took his donation claim near that of Mr.
Everest. He died in his eighty-Hrst year, and
his wife in her sixtieth. After their marriage
Mr. Everest purchased KiO acres of land, and
on this he has since lived and prospered. He
has since acquired other lands in the Chehalem
valley, and has also purchased seventeen acres
in Newberg, where he has erected buildings.
Mr. Everest's fanning operations have been of a
general character. He raises wheat, oats,
choice fruits, etc., and keeps horses, cattle and
sheep.

Mr. and Mrs. Everest have liad eleven chil-
dren, two of whom died in infancy. The others
are as follows: Joseph, a merchant at Newl)erg;
liichard, who resides on the farm; Alice and

650

UlsrOUY OF OHKOON.

Elln, twiii«, the former the wife of Monroe
Tdte, of I'orthiiid, ami the latter the wife of
Fred l,eiitkineyer; Mit, wife of Jiicoh lliifjey;
and Stoiiewiill .Iiickson, (iraiulville and Daisy
Irena, at homo. Their ^grandchildren are
thirteen in nil in her.

Mr. ['Everest's {jolitical views are in liar'iiony
with Deinocratie principles. He helped to or-
ganize the Granite at Xewherg. A man of the
strictest iuteii;rity, hoiioral)le and upright in all
the walks of life, he is eminently de.serving of
the Bucceas he has attained. Mrs. Everest is a
ineinlier of the (31iristiaii Church.

^5j-t<

><♦»=-

8 'it

,j^()iN. WILLIAM GALLOWAY, County
.liidire of Vain Hill county, arrived in this
State in 1862. He was born in Dodge-
viiie. Wisconsin, June 10, 1845, of Scotch-Irish
ancestry, who were early settlers in Virginia.
His grandfather. William Galloway, was a
patriot who participated in our war for inde-
pendence, serving until its close and being
present at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis.
He lived to the age of eighty-two years. His
son, Charles Galloway, was born in Virginia in
1798, and married Miss Mary Heeney, a native
of Ireland, horn in ISl-l, and they had eleven
children; two died young, and three of the sons
and three of the daughters are still living. In
1852 the parents and eight children emigrated
to this State, traveling with o.\ teams. That
l)eing the year of the dreaded cholera, great was
the fearand mental suffering to which this fam-
ily were subjected on the route. After they
had traveled three days one of their beloved
little ones died. They could not bear the
thought of Iturying it by the roadside in a wild
country, so the father made a little coffin and
on a pillow on the saddle in front of him he
took the precious remains on horseback to a
civilized burying-ground, and hurried back to
overtake his family. Later his brother-in-law.
Captain Wiley, was attacked by the cholera,
but the train whs kept moving and Mr. Gallo-
wav and Mrs. Wiley remained back to care for
the' sick man, and so inevitable did they con-
sider his fate that they had the foresight to re-
tain with them a shovel, with which to bury
him. A few hours of suffering, with no help
near except his devoted and almost frantic wife
and Mr. Galloway, and the agony was over.

Mr. Galloway kindly dug a grave, wrapped the
remains in the U'd of the deceased and laid him
carefully down in the grave, into which the lie
roaved and crazed wife leaped, and Mr. (iallo-
way had to hold her out of the grave with one
hand, while he proceeded to cover the remains
with the other. She was so exhausted that ho
had to take her on his back and press forward
ifter the train. These two instances are given
merely to show future generations to what des-
perate straits Asiatic cholera will often drive
suti'ering humanity, and what peculiar hard-
ships they who were journeying to the far dis-
tant West had to undergo. Miit even these sad
recitals give but a faint idea of the frequent
dilemmas to which the emigrants were sub-
jected.

Mr. Galloway and his family were seven
months on the journey, arriving at Amity, Yam
Hill county, in November, when the ground
was covered with snow. The succeeding winter
proved to be a severe one, and they were obliged
to see their wornout cattle die of hunger and
cold until there were left only one yoke of oxen
and a cow. Soon after they arrived another
little one was added to the family.

They settled on a half section of land four
miles south of Amity. Here they maiie their
home until 1862, when Mr. Galloway sold out
and went to the mines at Florence for a time.
Iteturning, he bought another farm, which he
occupied until 1872, and after that he, with his
family, made his home with Judge (ialloway
until Xoveinber, 1884-, when both the parents
died, the mother's death occurring only a week
previous to that of her husbanu. They were
strictly honest people, faithful to each other, to
their children and to the State, and they had
passed the trials and dangers that menace even
the most exalted coiner. What greater inheri-
tance could parents leave their children than
this? and well may the family and the citizens
honor such priceless bravery.

Judge Galloway was educated at the Willam-
ette University, graduating in the class of 1868,
after which he taught school most of the time
until 1875. In 1872 he was nominated on the
Democratic ticket for Representative to the
State Legislature, made a strong and creditable
canvass and ran ahead of his ticket, but the
whole ticket was defeated. In 1878 he was
again nominated and was elected, notwithstand-
ing the Republican majority in his district was
fully 300. His services in the Legislature were

I ii kL

HiaroHY OF oimooN.

oni

of grent vhIuo to tlic State, and lie diBtinguJBhed
liiiiiHel :' un the side of tliu Htrictest lioiibbty in
the Ronducit of public Htiairs. His party wax in
power. He wiiw cluiirniun of the noted investi-
gating committee, wiiich wuh so faitlifnl in ita
work tliat it eaved to thu Htnte many tlioiisands
of dollars, and l)ronght to the bar of [)nl)lic jnu-
lice the corrupt ring that hud been robbing the
State treasMry. through the management of
State, school and tiwain)) lands and the State
printing and the penitentiary. Judge Gallo-
way's motto being, " Hew to the line, let the
chips fall where they may," and "An honeHt
man is always under oath." On the strength
of his honorable record he was re-elected in
1880, after a very hot campaign, as his action
in exposing corruption had made enemies in his
own party. He has for the third term been ap-
pointed by the Governor a member of the Siaie
lioard of Agriculture, being at this time vice-
president, and he has been active and efficient
in the affairs of that department.

He had a valuable farm at iiellevue ot 'iMO
acres, on which he has been very successful as
a breeder of fine trotting horses, and he has the
lionorof liaving bred some of tiie finest animals
in the .State, among them I.ia<ly Beach, 2:!i6;
McMinnville Maid, 2:22; Anna B. and Alta-
mood, a pacing yearling for which $5,000 was
refused by her owner. In 1887 he sold his
farm and came to McMinnville and invested in
real estate in and adjacent to the city. He has
a farm of 185 acres, which he is planting to

Ernne, peach and apple trees. J udge Galloway
elioves the Willamette valley will be the fruit
center of the Pacific coast for the production of
tlie hardier kinds of fruit.

In 1888 he received the nomination for
Connty Judge and was defeattid, but in 1890 he
was again nominated and was the only man on
tiie ticket elected. He is now devoting his
whole time to the affairs of his office, taking
just pride in the building of roads and public
improvements, and in the fact that his county
is virtually out of debt, while the tax for county
purposes is only five mills on the dollar.

Judge Galloway has taken equal interest
in the schools of McMinnville, and has been
School Director six years, during which time
two very good school buildings have been
erected, with all the modern improvements of
heating, and the school thoroughly graded and
made efficient in its methods.

The Judge was married in 1875 to Miss

Kmnia leaker, a native of Wisconsin and the
daughter of Varranus and Sally linker, of that
Stale and ot New Kngland ancestry. Their
children, all born in Vain Hill county, are;
Zilpha Virginia, CMiarles Varranus and Prancis
Vernon. The Judge is a menilier of the 1. ().
(). F., and in politics a Democrat.

m^^^--

fUDGE AAftON E. WAIT, one of the
best known and most highly respected citi-
zens of I'ortland, Oregon, came to this
State in 18'17. He is a native of Whately,
Franklin coutity, Massachusetts, where he was
born, on December 20, ISlii. His father, Aaron
Wait, was also a native of Massachusetts, and
a soldier in the war of 1812, and died in the
service. Benjamin Wait, Judge Wait's great-
great-grandfather, was an early settler of Hat-
lield, Massachusetts, going there from Connecti-
cut. He was a bold frontiersman, a!id had
fought in many an Indian battle, and iiad ac-
quired the name of the Indian Killer. His son,
John Wait, was a soldier in the Whately Com-
pany, under Captain Henry Stiles, and after-
ward a Sergeant in Captain Seth Murry's com-
pany; later, one of Captain liussell Kellogg's
company, on the Remington Alarm. His son,
Joel Wait, was a private in the company of
Captain Stiles, in the Uevolution, and was in
the Hatfield company, commanded by Captain
Graves, and in Caj)tain Murry's Company of the
Massachusetts Militia, in Colonel Ezra II. May's
regiment, in 1877. Aaron Wait was married
to Miss Sarah Morton, a native of AVhately,
Massachusetts, a daughter of Solomon Morton,
whose ancestors were also early settlers of
Massachusetts. Thoy had four children: L;i-
nice, Clementine, Charles G. and Aaron E.,
the latter the youngest of the family, and the
only survivor. While Aaron, our subject, was
an infant, his father died, and his mother after-
ward married again, and he lived with his grand-
father Wait until he was eight years of age,
and afterward with his uncle, until ho was four-
• teen. He then left Whately and we.;t to Hat-
field, where he spent four years learning and
working at the trade of broom making, with his
earnings attending school until he was about
twenty years of age. He then went to New
York, and thence to Flatbush, Long Island,
where he taught school, as an assistant teacher

rnrr

0S3

iiisroiiY oA oimnoN.

i«

H ^t

in ErnsmiiH IIrU. Later, ho retiirnud to Mnssn-
cliutictttt, fniin wlicre lie booh iitti't, in 1H37,
wcMlt to Micliii^iiii. Ill that Sliito lie HtiidiiMl
liiw, iiii'l Wiis iidiMiiti'd to tin,' li.ir in 1*^42. lie
was then in ('t'iit<'r\ illi'. St. .I(in('|)li county,
Miclii^raii. IJtd'ore i('a\iii^' Miclii;,'iiTi he wan tlie
Militai'V Seei'etary to hii* Kxi'elieiu'y. (iovernor
.lohii S. Barry, lln has served Oregon in hoth
hranchert of its Ke^jislatnro.

In IS47 he started overland tor Oref^on, in
eoin[iany witli otlii'i's, witii Ailiert Davidson for
captain. Tiiere were forty o\ waj^oiifl in tiie
train, and tii. .Iiidjje j^ives this reniiniscenee of
the journey; It was necessary to liave a jjuard
at niffht. to keep the stock together and pruvent-
ini; tiie Indians from rnnniii); them ott". One
night, when it was his turn witli others, to
stand (jnard, a terrihlc storm of rain, winil. thun-
der and lii^litninj; occurred, and he soon discov-
ered tliat lie was the oidy one out with the
stock; and. that heiiig the ease, he i"elt it was
more important that he should remain out. The
horses and cattle were driven hefore tlie storm,
wiiicli was terrilde; the thunder and lif;htning
was terrific, and he could only sec the stock
when it lightened. The animals went hefore
the wind and storm, and he followed, and at
sunrise had tliem all hack at camp, allowing
them to feed on the way hack, '.''his was proli--
ably the most severe experience li';; had on the
way. At that time he wire fjifu-ip . for near-
• ofj'htcdnesp, which excited the t-'tiri'.sity of the
Indians, who iiujuired tlie re'in:;. He told them
it was in order to see a grtr.t '.iay oVi. so they
appeared to think he could see a great distance,
and through and around anything. The coin-
jian^' divided into small parties and soon after-
ward he met his old friend, tJndge Oolnmbia
Lancaster, who was alone with his family and
team. Our suhject would not allow him to he
alone, and turned out with his team, and they
two traveled together without any incident,
until they p.asscd Fort Hall, when a party of
white men and Indians wiuit racing past them,
and he conclinled to stand guard tliat night.
While sitting hehind his wagon, with his gun in
his hand, he saw in the distance a person ap-
proaching, and saw that he was headed for one
of the largest horses that was staked out. He
decided that the Indian should not have that
horse, hut would not shoot until the Indian
touched the horse or his r.)pe. When near to
the horse, the Indian iliseovered that he was
watched, and dropj)cd into the grass. The

.Tudgo wntciicd to see if the gra^H moved, but
could diiicern no motion, and soon went out
there, hut the Indian had gone. The Judge
arrived in Oregon City, in Septemher, 1^47,
having l)(!en employed as a lawyer before he
reached the city. He entered upon the practice
of his profession, and by night work edited the
Oregon Spectator, the Hrst paper published In
the Territory. He later served [as I-'irst Assist-
ant (Jomniissary tleiieral in th(< Caynse "var.
In the spring of ISKt he went to (Jalifornia on
a littlh seventeen-ton vessel, to take out some
gold with his own hands. He helped row the
vessel over the bar at the mouth of tlie (Joluni-
biu river, and into the harbor at San Francisco.
At Sacraniento he mot (Jovernor Burnett, whom
ho had knoA'ii and highly esteemed. The Gov-
ernor wanted liliii to reinain in Sacramento, and
practice law there, saying that he had been to
the mines, and had li'ft. The Judge replied that
lie was going to the mines, and would remain
until driven out by the rains, when he would re-
turn to Oregon. He mined on the American
Fork and Feather rivers. In the last of his mining
he looked for gold where there was an uninter-
rupted wash from the monntaiiis to the river.
Wliere a narrow place of lodgment was being
washed away by the current of the wave, there
he found gold. His largest find in one piece
was .^()0, and his largest day's work was ^lt)(),
1^10 to a man. being the lowest day's work.
There were three of them together. They ex-
pected him to do the prospecting. When they
decided to leave the American river, and cross
thfc mountains to tlie Feather river, he wanted
to prospect a place down the river before they
went. He, accordingly, left camp with his pan,
pick and spoon, and in passing down, he saw
three men at work at the water's edge. lie con-
cluded they were newcomers, and thought ho
might be of assistance to them, so he w.ent and
sat down on a rock near them, and asked them
if they found much gold. One answered, " We
haven't seen any yet." Our subject pointed to
a place, and said: "Take up some dirt there,
and wash it in the pan." The man looked at
him and at his companions, and kept on at work.
Thinking he was not understood, the Judge
spoke again in a calm voice, "Take up some of
that dirt there, and wash it at the water's edge."
The man looked at him again, and kept on at
work where he was. This angered the Judge,
and he spoke harshly, telling him to take some
dirt right there in' his pan, and wiish it at the

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U I STORY OF OHEGON.

6S3

waUifV, .'>h

J lit Itlr-

ions, and th-

Judge ll*! 'Iir :;

it, and *<xia t»,-. ... . .t..i-\

man wtio »»»
sbonlder. iia^ lu-
it, anil inea '*(■
neither rtjrf>K»f '
WHtu «iiti(<tio(i in
newcomer-', and (li«i •«a,.
did not kncft ^vhf bo ^wn:
they might '*«» ilnvsn off
which, they Siiij»pij««l, fmiM Ui;^; -.i.
he very ricli. The .hidjf»> unme-
way, and nothing viarf w«n »»:i
arrived iit tiie [)lace he wanle*! -. .
found that the water wh> i«H>iiijf!.
tlie iuen tiir lo iiix 'lyi*' ' »'
cuinpnny. They wjot fo /»*? jms<<

found rlijfj^irigti. Wix.e *.; ;.u&tr *ww

place, two men CMtnc u,\- roolutf and

picks, Jind said they had v.., ice us the topper
mines in Mi(!lii>/an, and had •honj'ht t.twv '•ouid
find K'^'d, hat had tioi he<'ri ahle to rii;*! «ny
He »»id, ■•<!<> t\) *ork witii u* a few day*. ^«d
■*i«i wiii pay yon ifojd waye.ii. and you wih h;arii
how we do it." Tfiey worked well tor the time
they were erigagtvi, he telling them how and
wixtre tt> work on their own account, and tfiey
■succeeded atiiuirably. Wlien the Jud^i re|iir!ite<t
to Oregon, the Oayune War Coiniiiii-sion had
done but little work, and ha<l not reported. He
consentf'd to serve, and audited nearly all the
war clttimo, and every claiiti he allowed was
paid prir!:iMlya» he allowed it. For his own
service.!*, he *»«tit bi* account to Secretary Whit-
telsy, Mid im !v»ttrft»n rt"turn<»d two letters,
one to the Jiige, rt!i;i»i(««!'i ' -^ent IiIh

aeoouiit to (iovernor L'at : Hei #*?.

addre»i(ed to (J-overnor DitviB. ll.e lioveinor
read it, aiiii lookiii/; up, i>aid: '• 1 approve of
your claim. The Sm'rftary iiuitei* nic to do so,
and i; is the tirst tiin*> I ux-^r knew Elisha Wh.it-
telay to recommend the pav'nent cf any claim
against the Government.^' Tlie Judge prac-
ticed law under the I'rovisioinil and iitider the
Territorial law of ( >regon. " He was elected to
t!io Sofim.ise bench, and tieivixl ai* the tirftt
Chief Jnstiet! of tho Stale of Oregrn. in which
capacity he reiuainod for four years, llis-party,
against \m will, nominated him f<)r Congress.
.\t that time he acted on the doctrine that no
man had ;> right to abk office or refuse it, so
he accepted the noiuiuation, made the run,

.. af> a iiiiiiti:! ••' urse. In his

' '') ilUce freiplei ly, hut mwcr

■is'.oi for any of i;hem. After

;• ,>i,i,'ticed law a little, but

previous to 1891, he

>, .-!*(;«, e.vcept two impor-

■ U* 'Attended to at the ear-

: J friend. Judge <). C.

1^74 I't' moved on to

^ -iinas county,

lars, when he

,000 acres of

,68 in Oreifon.

he came to

he deed that

ortland town

to Daniel II.

f §5,000, the

|jri«e **»r'){ pw'

The Judge v,-^- i , . ay 24, 1853,

to Miss Mary Ann Sf.iriii^i.r, >. i, tive of (Jhio.
They l>ad two ehildreii, one of v.houi, (Charles
Nichi>!»in is now a proniLsing lavyer of Port-
IruiI. Their eldest child, Columhia, died in his
third year. Uin first wife died in May, 1849,
andofi iiuj 31, l>5tJ0, he married Miss ICato M.
Qui v-ey. a native of Ohio. Of their three chil-
dn ■, tho only one which ret>;!hed maturity,
Aniin Evaline, is now lh>- wi*e of Mr. Frank
Haiford. of Seattle, llis hist wihs died on July
t), 188S. and ho has since remaini d single. His
ilAugliter, Mrs. llanford, ha.'' a son, who was
born on his griuidfiitlier's smeiity-sixth birth-
day, and Wiis named by his gi and father, Frank
Wait Kopes Hanfbrd. "

The Judge is a Freemason, and was Deputy
Grand Master, When he became Judge, while
he knew no harm in Masonry, yet he knew there
*«s H pr-'jndiie agiiiusf il by some, and so ho
dwiiiibd to serve us (irand Master, although
tendered the position. His religious views are
those of the Episcopal Chnrcli, of wdiich he
huA hi"!.' '>•■••' ." 1 : •niliipnt iiM-'uber. Of un-

integrity, and
1-1. ir : -11 ^'"."d the respect
' '.!« fellitw-citizens, and the af-
i.v rl'^»^♦•d of a !arji;c circle of friends.

i'MIK L8KN was born in Flensburg,

i»onmark, June 11, 1814. In that local-

^^ « Hy his ancestors hud resided for centuries,

he r«.»nl» of the family running back upward

/i. '.A.

y--Cct.

UISTOIir OF OHEGON.

053

water's edge. The man looked at his compan-
ions, and then took up a pan of dii't where tlie
Judge had directed him to, and htgan U> wash
it, and soon saw that they liad some gold. The
man who was washing, would look over his
shoulder, and- turned so that the men could see
it, and men who were digging looked, but
neither spoke, but looked surprised. The J udge
was satisfied from their conduct that they were
newcomers, and that was their first find. They
did not know who he was, and proijably feared
they might be driven oft' from that place,
which, they supposed, from that pan of dirt, to
be very rich. The Judge arose and went his
way, and nothing more was said. When he
arrived at the place he wanted to examine, he
found that the water was too high, and leaving
the men far to his right, he returned to his
company. They went to the Feather river and
found diggings. While they were at their new
place, two men came along with rocker and
picks, and said they had worked in the copper
mines in Miclilgan, and had thought they could
find gold, but had not been able to find any.
He said, " Go to work with us a few days, and
we will pay yon good wages, and you will learn
how we do it." They worked well for the time
they were engaged, he telling them how and
where to work on their own account, anil they
succeeded admirably. When the Judge returned
to Oregon, the Cayuse War Commission had
done but little work, and uad not reported. He
consented to serve, and audited nearly all the
war claims, and every claim he allowed was
paid precisely as he allowed it. For his own
services, he sent his account to Secretary Whit-
telsy, and the Secretary returned two letters,
one to the Juge, requesting him to present his
account to Governor JJavis; the other letter was
addressed to Governor Davis. The Governor
read it, and looking up, said: "1 approve of
your claim. The Secretary invites me to do so,
and it is the first time I ever knew Ellisha Whit-
tolsy to recommend the payment of any claim
against the Government." The Judge prac-
ticed law under the Provisional and under tiie
Territorial law of Oregon. He was elected to
the Suj)reme bench, and served as the first
Chief .Justice of Ihe State of Oregon, in which
capacity ho remained for four years. His party,
against his will, nominated him for Congress.
At that time he acted on the doctrine that no
man had a right to ask office or refuse it, so
he accepted the nomination, made the run,

and was defeated, as a matter of course. In his
early days he hel<l oftice frequently, i)ut never
asked a non)ination for any of tlieiu. After
leaving the bench he practiced law a lit'le, l)ut
for the last twelve years previous to i'^'Jl, ho
has attended to no law cases, e.vcept two impor-
tant land cases, which he attended to at the ear-
nest solicitation of his old friend, Judge O. (3.
Pratt, of California, fn 1874 he moved on to
a farm of 600 acres, in Clackamas county,
where he remained for twelve years, when he
returned to Portland. He has 1,000 acres of
land ill Washington, an<l 5,000 acres in Oregon.
The Judge relates that in 184S he came to
Portland on iiusiness, and drew the deed that
conveyed a mile square of the Portland town
site from Francis W. Pettigrove to Daniel H.
Lownsdale, for a consideration of $5,000, the
price l)eing paid in leather.

The Judge was married on May 24, 1833,
to Miss Mary Ann Springer, a native of Ohio.
They had two children, one of whom, (Miiirles
>!icholas, is now a promising lawyer of Port-
land. Their eldest child. Columbia, died in his
tiiird year. His first wife died in May, 184(1,
and on May 31, 18(30, he married Miss Rate M.
Qnivey, a native of Ohio. Of their three chil-
dren, tlie only one which reached maturity,
Anna Evaline, is now the wife of Mr. I''rank
Hanford, of Seattle. His last wife died on July
(5, 1888, and he has since remained single. His
daughter, Mrs. Hanford, has a son, who was
born on his grandfather's seventy-sixth birth-
day, and was named by his graml father, Frank
Wait Hopes Hanford.

The Judge is a F'reemason, aixi was Deputy
Grand Master. When he became . I udge, while
he knew no barm in Masonry, yet he knew there

was a prejudice against

it by

some, ami so

declined to serve as Grand Master, although
tendered the position. His religious views are
those of the Episcopal Church, of which he
has long been a prominent member. Of un-
swerving fidelity, unimpeacliable integrity, and
generous impulses, he has gained the respect
and esteem of his fellow-citizens, and the af-
fectionate regard of a large circle of friends.

»' ^ 'i' 4 »-^

tTHlELSEN was born in Flensbnrg,
Denmark, June 11, 1814. In that local-
a ity his ancestors had resided for centuries,
the records of the family running back upward

!5 I

651

HISTORY OF OliBQON.

of 300 years; they were chiefly enijaged tipoii
the sea aw captains of inereiiaiiliiieii, sailing up-
on all waters, anil their hones lie in every
dime. The father of onr subject, a captain,
wished his i. . to follow occupations upon the
land, thus i; "■ ' n was carefully educated at
the high schc is native town. lie also

attended the uni- ij at the same place, pay-
ing j)articular attention to mathematics, in
which he hecanie very proficient, in view of
following the life of a civil engineer. Seeking
a broader field in which to practice his profes-
sion, he came to the United 8tates in 1837,
where railroading was then in its infancy. Ar-
riving in New York he proceeded to Albany by
river, by rail to Little Falls, canal t( Buffalo
and crossing lake Erie, he landed at Detroit,
where valuable letters of introduction brought
him before the officers of the Michigan Central
railroad, who readily gave him employment, in
the building of their line. Proving his abil-
ity by his work, he was quickly advanced to
positions of trust and responsil)ility, and for
thirty years he was engaged in the construction
and in the extention of the Chicago, Burlington
& Quincy. In 18()9. while at dinner one day
in Omaha, he was introduced to Ben IloUaday,
who divulged his plans for railroad building,
which led up to an engagement, and in Febru-
ary, 1870, Mr. Thielsen came to Oregon to
carry out the plans of IloUaday, and in his em-
ploy he remained as chief engineer, perfecting
liis several railroads. The crowning effort of
his engineering life was during his connection
with lleiiry Villard, in his magniticent railroad
scheme for rapid construction of the Oregon,
River & Navigation and Northern Pacific rail-
roads, when time was the essential, money
a))parently being a secondary consideration.
During this vast enterprise, hundreds of n)ile8
were in proces** of eonstruetion, emjiloying a
foice of 15,000 men, while twelve offices in
Portland were tilled with busy engineers, figur-
ing cuts, grades and tills, while hundreds of
others were employed in the tield, carrying out
the process of construction. Some of the
greatest obstacles known in the history of rail-
road building, were eticountered by Mr. Thiel-
sen in the mountain work, hut he successfully
met them all, and in the course of the work in-
troduced new methods, which have since met
with general adoption. Ills share in the carry-
ing out of these greal projects has given him a
lasting place in the histoiy of this region. The

work was successfully carried to an end, and
with its completion, after an active life of fifty
years in railroad work, Mr. Thielsen retired to
the more quiet vocations of life, in the care of
his property and the fuller enjoyment of his
home. Seeking investments, he became one of
the organizers of the Oregon Wational Bank, of
which he is still a director, also a director and
vice-president of the Northwest Loan and
Trust Company, a stockholder and director of
the Multnomah Street Railway Company, a
stockholder of the Portland Industrial Associa-
tion, and of the Ellenbnrg National Bank, of
Washington.

He was married in .fackson. Michigan, in
1844, to Miss Weston, who was of English de-
scent. To this union seven children were horn,
of whom hut three survive, viz.: Henry B., who
is now engaged in farming in Polk county;
Julius E., superintendent of the Multnomah
Street Railway Company; and Horace W., who
is cashier and manager of the Ellensbiirg Na-
tional Rank.

Politically, Mr. Thielsen was in early days a
Whig, but with the organization of the Repub-
lican party he became one of its most ardent
adherents.

To him has l)een accorded an experience of
much value as an object lesson in progress, as
through his work in the construction of rail-
ways he has been an eye witness to the growth
of Detroit, Chicago, Omaha, Portland, and
other important cities from small towns to their
great prominence of to-day.

^-^-^

ON. H. G. HADLEY, an Oregon pioneer
of 1851, was born in Brownlield, Oxford
county, Maine, June 24, 1815. His par-
ents, Samuel and Margaret (Gibson) Hadley,
were natives of New Hampsliire, but subse-
quently settled in Maine, where Mr. Hadley
followed the practice of medicine, through life.
Subject remained with his parents until four-
teen years of age, when he began self-support
by peddling '^ Yankee notions " throughout
the State, returning to his home in the fall of
each year to spend the winter with his parents
and attend the local schools. This he con-
tinued for seven years, visiting the States of
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and Massa-
chusetts. In 1H38 he started westward, taking
with him a supply of Connecticut clocks, which

uiarosy of oreoon.

OSS

he sold tiirougli tlie State of Michij^aii, and in
1839, settled near Shelby, Illiiioi,~, where lie
formed a copartnership to operate saw and Hour
mills, and a distillery, lie operated his milling
interests for several years, until his plant was
destroyed by tire, when he removed to Dnbnque,
Iowa, and engaged in the manufacture and sale
of confectioneries. This continued until the
gold excitement of 1849, when he joined the
tide of emigration and crossed the plains to
California with ox teams. The train numbered
fifty wagons, and the journey was without any
accident until reaching the Humboldt river,
when with their eagnerness to reach California,
Mr. Iladley and three or four companions, tak-
ing their ponies, set out by a cut-off to the
Golden State, but the route was long and their
food gave out, and suffering seemed imminent
until purchasini^ a quarter of an emigrant ox,
poor and tough, they managed to appease their
appetites, and jerking the remaining beef they
continued their journey and arrived in Sacra-
mento valley in the fall of 1849. They began
milling in Feather river, but having no knowl-
edge, the results were meager, and the "coyotes"
stealing their beef, they were left without food
and were " dead broke." Tiiey purchased sup-
plies at a trading-post on credit, and continued
their efforts, but soon hired out for $8 a day
an<l board The latter was a consideration,
as provisions were very expensive. They worked
for twelve days and thus gained valuable ex-
perience. They settled for the supplies they
had bought, and then went to the Tuolumne river
and made a few hundred dollars. Mr. Hadley
then returned to Sacramento and spent the
winter there, working at his trade of confec-
tionery. In the spring of 1850 heagain visited
the mines, but engaged in trading in the sum-
mer, and in the winter returned to his home
and family in Iowa, but only for a brief time,
for having- heard glowing accounts of the re-
sources of Oregon, he made arrangements, and
in the spring of 1851 set out for oregon. The
train was composed of the families of Aaron
Rose, subsequently proprietor ot the town of
Roseburi;; Arthur Denny, who settled in Wash-
ington Territory, and other prominent families.
They were all well equipped with horses to
draw the wagons, and their progress was rapid
and comfortable. Their only serious trouble
was on Snake river, *here Melville Hadley was
shot through the body by Indians, but recovered
and lived many years after. The company

crossed the Cascade mnnntains by the Darlnw
route, landing in the VViUamette valley in the
fall. Proceeding to Lane county, Mr. Iladley
located his donation claim on Spencer creek and
began improving ; but, finding rail-splitting t-e-
vere exercise, in the spring of 1853 he drove
his four horse team to Portland and purchased
^>1,000 worth of goods and began peddling
through the valley, which he continued through
the summer very successfully, and in the fall
bejiran tradincr in cattle. lie followed this for
several years, remaining in the locality for over
twenty years, until 1878, when he sold out and
moved to his present property, composed of
2,000 acres, bordering on Coyote creek, and
known as the llailley settlement. There he
built a spacious residence and the ranch Ims
many substantial improvements, lie has con-
tinued the raising of stock, both cattle and
horses. He resided on bis ranch until 1889,
when he built his cottage in Eugene, that Mrs.
Hadley might be near her only daughter, Mrs.
Eakin. He passes his summers on the ranch,
now in charge of his son and bis winters In
town.

He was married in Shelby county, Illinois,
in 1840, to Loretta (vOX. They have four chil-
dren; E^liza J., wife of S. 13. Hlakin, Jr.; Charles,
a merchant in Eugene; F'rank and George, who
are on the farm.

Mr. Hadley was the first Justice of the Peace
of Lane county appointed by the county com-
missioners in 1852, and in 1853 was elected to
represent the district in the Territorial Legisla-
ture. Through his efforts the borders. of Lane
county were extended, and lands were added
from Benton and Umpqua counties. Mr. Ilad-
ley has always proved himself a gentleman of
uprightness and integrity, and all his many
friends respect him.

fOHN W. KENNEDY, of Union county,
State of Oregon, one of the early settlers
and pioneers of the State, was born Febru-
ary 16, 1840, in A<lanis county, Illinois. He
removed from bis native State with his parents
when in his seventh year, to Polk county, Ore-
gon, where his father, Mordica Kennedy, bought
and settled upon 3"20 acres of land. John W.,
the oldest of the boys, receii-ed a common-school
education in the district school of his neighbor-

CoC.

U I STORY OF OHEOOfT

liood, putting in liin vHi^iitioiis and spare time
ill aiding 1)18 fatlier run tiie randi. A« a l)<)y ho
was ol)8ervant and careful in his every aet, was
industrious and fruj^al, and always fairaud hon-
est witii his parents, school and playmates, and
all with whom lie came in contact.

In 1867, in his twenty-tirst year, he was mar-
ried to Martha J. Shelton, in Polk county, and
in the following year removed to Grande lionde
valley, Union county, Oreiron, huying a small
farm an<l estahlisliing himself in business for
liiiiiseU'. By economy and husiness tact he ac-
cumulated and added to hie. farm, personal and
real projxirty until 1883. when he found him-
selt' the owner of 1,680 acres of good farming
hu.d and quite a large number of cattle, horses,
and other stock. Opjiortunity offering he dis-
posed of his farm and stock, whicii realized him
about S20,0(>0: and then removed to the city of
Union, in said county, where he has since re-
sided, with the exception of al>ont a year in the
Willamette vail _,. He is now comfortably
domiciled in Union, where he devotes his time
and ' ." gy to looking after public as well as
private matters. The interest that is derived
friiin t'. e loaning of his money makes him a
good living, and the time not required in attend-
ing to his private affairs is devoteil almost en-
tirely to the public. lie has served the county
officially, and was elected Mayor of tlie city of
Union three successive times, making m en-
viable record in every position held by him. In
assuming the office of Mayor, city script was
worth only sixty cents on the dollar, but at the
expiration of his third term it had reached par.

His family consists of a wife, four daughters
and one son. ilis oldest daughter, Mary, is the
wife i>f B. F''. WiK-'OM, a prominent attorney of
Union; Tina and Lilly are young ladies un-
married; Elsey is the baby; and .1. W., Jr., is
now eleven years old. Mr. Kennedy as a father
and luisband is kind and considerate, and his
domestic relations have always liecni felicitous.
Ilis polities is <]pinocratic, (Meveland being his
ideal. lie takes an active interest in the suc-
cess of hi.s party, and is one of the leaders of
his party in ITnion county.

lie is a member of (irando Ilonde Valley
Lodge, No. 56, A. F. t**: A.M., of Union, and is
a member of the blue lodge and chapter of
that order.

flducational and religious matters receive
much of his attention, and he is ever re.idy to
lend a helping hand in promoting the iii'.jreets

of the schools and churches of his community.
His life so far has lieen one worthy of emu-
lation, Iwtli from a business and social point of
view. By business tact and energy he has
earned sufKcient of the world's goods to jiro-
vide the comforts of home for himself and
family. By honesty, fair dealing and acts of
charity, he has surrounded himself with a wide
circle of friends, and having the love of his
family, what more can a man ask in this world
of his Maker?

-rf«t.

PSH;®{^«*3

^()i\. ROBERT R BIRD, a prominent
Wm\ merchant of La Fayette, was born Novem-
«!^ ber 17, 1842, in Lacon, Marshall county,
Illinois, and was but five years of age when the
family of which he was a member crossed the
plains and mountains to the distant Territory of
Uregcm. Ever since then he has been a resi-
dent of Yam Hill county. He was educated at
La Fayette. In 1866 he engaged in merclmntile
business, with a partner. Two years afterward
he withdrew from the business, and two years
still later he formed another partnership, which
continued five years. Then he sold out and re-
moved to Waco county and engaged in the liv-
ery business. Returning to La Fayette in
1877, with others. he opMied a general merchan-
dise establishment, and in 1890 he purchased
tlie whole business, and has since then been the
lei 'Mug merchant iti the place, and prospering
well.

J public affairs he also has taken an active
and efficient part. In 1872 he was elected
Sheriff of the county, and he filled that office
satisfactorily to the people. In 1882 he was
appointed Treasurer of the county, to fill a va-
catu'y, at the close of which term he was elected
to the same office, which however he resigned
some time afterward, when he was elected a
member of the State Senate, serving a fractional
term. In Ln Fayette he takes an active part
in all public affairs; has filled the office of
Treasurer, Trustee and President of the (Jity
Council, in all of which relations he has acijuitted
himself well, and he has always had constatitly
in mind the best interests of the people. As a
business man he is both reliable and enterprising.

In .Futie, 1868, h married Miss Alderman, a
native of Indiana and daughter of Isaac Alder-
man, an Oregon pioneer. Their children are:

i I

HISTOItr OF OliEOON.

667

Guy K., married and resides iu La Fayette;
liobert A., with his father in tlie store; Mary
I)., and Kathleen, at home with tiieir parents.

Mr. Bird is an active meniher of the Masonic
fraternity; has been Master of the lodge several
times; is now holdini^ that oflice; and he has
also lield all the ofKces in the A. O. U. W., of
which order he is now Financier. He and his
wife are faithful members of the Presbyterian
Church, of which body he has been one of the
Elders for a number of years. They have a
pleasant home in La Fayette, and have the j^ood
will and hif^h esteem of many acquaintances.

Mr. Bird's father, John Bird, is sketched at
length on another page of this work.

— ^m^w^'^'- .

[II LIAM IJ. ADAIR, a native of Asto-
ria, Clatsop county, Oregon, was born
June 23, 1849. A sketch of his father.
General John Adair, is given elsewhere. He
attended the public schools of Astoria and sub-
sequently graduated from the boy's high school
of San Francisco, in his nineteenth year. With
H view to acquiring some business knowledge
lie spent some two years in the employment of
the large hardware establishment of Troadwell
& Co., of San Francisco, and remained with
them until the failure of that tirm, when he ac-
cepted a clerkship in the office of Colonel G.
H. Mendell, United States Engineer Corps and
remained there for the next five years, when he
resigned tliat position to accept the more lucra-
tive one of Post Trader to the command of
General Crook, in the Black Hills, remaining
in that position until the close of the Indian
war in that country. He then returned to Ore-
gon and for three years, from 1874 to 1877,
was head bookkeeper tor the large salmon can-
nery of A. Booth & Co., situated at Astoria.
During the years of 1878 and 1879, Mr. Adair
was connected with his brother in the business
of canning salmon, under the firm name of S.
D. Adair & Co. In 1880 Mr. Adair built a
cannery on Frazer river, British Columbia, and
for the three years ensuing carried on the busi-
ness there as manager of the British Union
Packing Company. In 1884 he retired from
the salmon business. Since his retirement,
with the exception of two years spent in South
Kend, Washington, he has resided in Astoria,
oocupying himself with real-estate and general

agency business and in the care of his father's
estate.

Mr. Adair was married in Victoria, British
Columbia, September 25, 1887, to Miss Mary
Louise Henrietta, eldest ilaughter of Henri
Jorand, of that city. The issue of this marriage
has been one son, iiobert William.

^^^••^---

fENERALJOHN ADAIR was born near
liarrodsburg, Mercer county, Kentucky,
in August, 1808, and was the youngest
sou of Governor John / iair of that State.
Hert! he was reared to maii.i.od and was partly
educated at Center College, ^'nishing at Harvard.
He WHS admitted to the btir under that able
jurist Judge Thomas B. Monroe, of Kentucky,
and was engaged for several years in the prac-
tice of law in Columbus, Mississippi. He af-
terward returned to Mercer county and engaged
in farming. In 1848 General Adair was ap-

f)oii)ted by President Polk to the office of Col-
ector of ('nstonis of the port of Astoria, Ore-
gon Territory, and removed with bis wife and
six children to that place, making the journey
by water and arriving in April, 1849. He held
the office for twelve years, or until the expira-
tion of President Buchanan's administration
and then retired trom public life, employing
himself with rural pursuits during the clos-
ing year of his life. He died on the 9th of
April, 1888, at his residence situated on his do-
nation claim, known as the port of Upper Astoria.
General Adair was married in 1834 to Miss
Mary Ann Dickinson, who still survives him,
aged seventy-six years, and resides on the old
homestead. A sketch of his son William B.
is given elsewhere. The General took a lively
interest in public affairs and was the iutimate
friend and adviser of General Joseph Lane.

— ^M^^m^-^ —

fOH> M. JAEGER, superintendent of the
Eagie Woolen Mills of Brownsville, was
born in Mittweida, Saxony, Germany, in
1845. His ancestry were long residents in that
locality, the same property having descended
from father to son through a remote lineage.
Mittweida is a manufacturing town of 12,000
inhabitants, the interests being in the manu-
facture of silk, cotton and woolen goods. After

HISTORY OF OREGON.

coiiipletiiig liJB eilucut ion, John jM. whs ,ij)|)reii-
ticoU to leiirii the triuU' of weaver ami the teeh-
ni([iie of (lesii,'iiiiif^ tor woven fabrics. He fol
lowed tiiis studiously for three years aiitl then
took tiie i-n.^tonjary tramp throiifrh the principal
cities of I'rus^ia, workinj; at his trade and pick-
in;,' lip such ideas as would make him a liiiished
workman. In 18(15 he returned home to attend
to his military duties, liut as few soldiers were
needed he passed liis examination and was re-
leased. He then enframed in inaniifacturinf^
and !-ellin^' his own goods until 1609, when he
sold out and started lor America, hmding in
Mew York in the following SeptemUer. He
then workeil in the wo(den mills df New York
and I'hiladelphia until 1873, when he started
out and visited Texas, Mexico, Arizona and
(,/alifornia. ])rospecting and mii tig in the latter
States. In .January, 1877, he landed in Ash-
land, Oregon, and there resumed liis trade for
one year. In January, 1878, he hegan work in
the lirownsville Woolen Mill as weaver, but af-
ter a few weeks was appointed repairer (d' looins.
He continued in this position for a year and
then was appointed foreman of the weaving de-
jiartment and held that position until the com-
|iany shut down, January 29, 1889. With the
incorporation of the Eagle Woolen Mill Com-
pany, April 29, 1889, Mr. Jaeger was elected
Buperinteiident of the mill and has continued
in that position. The milling interests of
Brownsville were organized in 1860 by tlie
erection and organization of the Linn Woolen
Mill. This mill was destroyed by tire in 1803,
but was rebuilt in 18(54:. The Eagle Woolen
Mill Comjiany was established and continued
with iiiditfereiit success for a few years and
then failed. The plant was then taken by
Thiiiniis Kay, Havid Dalf^leish and Fred Croft
aiul operated successfully for one year. A syn-
dicate was then formed, which purchased the
woolen mill property. They organized the
I'rownsville Woolen Mill Company, with
Thomas Kay as superintendent, and under that
management the company built up an extensive
l)usiiie88 and line reputation for their line of
tweeds, blankets and flannels, continuing until
January, 1889, when through reorganization the
property was sold to the Eagle Woolen Mill
Company. The mill was then refitted and in
June, 1889, the machinery was set in motion,
employing about sixty hanils and running the
card and spinning department day and night.
They manufacture a high quality of cassitneres,

broadcloths, tweeds and flannels. It operates
two retail stores in Portland, besides consigning
to about forty stores through Oregon, Wash-
ington and Idaho. The high standard of the
old establishment is continued and' the product
of tlie mill is well and favorably known. Mr.
Jaeger is alro one of the directors of the Eagle
Woolen Mill Company, also a stockholder. The
same comjjany runs and owns the flouring mill.
Mr. Jaegei' was married in Hrowiisville, in
1880, to Miss Eleanor Stone, of California, the
daughter of Horatio Stone. They have had two
children, one only surviving, Carl Paul. He
owns his cottage residence in close proximity
to the mill, the scene of his labors.

'^^t^^-^'t

^>.J

A. EAMIiEKSON, M. D., druggist and
'|irl practitioner at Lebanon, was born on the
>|^» tionation claim in Columbia county, Ore-
gon, June 16, 1854. His father, Samuel Lain-
l)er8on, was from Ohio, but crossed the plains
to Oregon with the eniigrants of 1846. He
located a homestead in Columbia county and
engaged in stock-raisiijg and the dairy business.
Timothy Lamberson, the grandfather of our
subject, was a typical pioneer born in Ohio, but
with mature years he developed a restless dis-

Eosition and a desire for frontier life, thus he
ept pushing westward as the country settled,
and in 1846 joined the emigration to (Jregon.
He located on Scappoose plains and passed the
winter, and in the spring of 1847 he removed to
California and tried stock-raising, but returned
to Oregon the next year. Hardly had he re-
turned to this State wlien the gold excitement
broke out and he again returned to California
and mined until 1850, when he returned to
Oregon and built a small cabin sawmill on
Scajipoose creek, the flrst mill in that locality,
and he 8hippe<l h^ iber to California, supplying
San Francisco. In 1859 he made another move
and this time to Arizona and there he followed
milling, mining and fruit-growing until the
time of his death, in 1879.

Samuel Lamberson was married in Columbia
county, in 1853, to Mary Jane Armstrong, of
Illinois, and daughter of Andrew Armstrong,
an Oregon pioneer of 1850. They continued

line ' " ~"

thi
liam county

to reside upon the homestead until 1876, when
tliey sold tliis homestead and removed to Gil-

ijitern Oregon, where they are

nisronr of orsoon.

0.-i»

still living, engaged in the stoi'lc business. Thoy
have had sixteen children, eleven of whom are
living.

J. A. Laniberdon was thu eldest child and he
was educated at the academy of Prof. George
W. Curtis, at Vancouver, lie followed the
study of medicine under the instruction of Dr.
W. MT. Oglesby, at Foasil, eastern Oregon, and
after three years of study began practice in that
town and continued there until 18S2, when he
removed to Lebanon and continued his profes-
sion, building up a very extended practice. In
June, 1891, he passed a very exhaustive exam-
ination before the State [}oard of .Medical Ex-
aminerc and received a medical certidcate beside
very gratifying words of commendation from
the Board of Examination. In 1888 he began
shipping the Oregon Casacara (Ohittim bark)
and the Oregon grape root to the Eastern mar-
ket, and and thus developed a valuable drug
from the native woods of <)regon. The first is
valuable as a laxntive and the other as a blood
purifier. In 1889 the Doctor opened a drug
store for private use, but through increaaed
practice and patronage it has developed into a
store fully Htocked and opened for public ac-
commodation.

lie was married in Lebanon, in 1882, to Miss
Mahala iMossholder, native of Ohio, and daugh-
ter of Joseph Mossholder, who emigrated to
Oregon in 18G3, and locating in Lebanon, built
the first hotel in that town. Mr. and Mrs.
Lamberson liave one child, Norman Vivian,
born May 22, 1885.

The Doctor is a member of the A. O. U. W.
also a member of the K. O. T. M., but not ac-
tive in political matters, his life having been
devoted to his profession and the amelioration
of fleshly ills and human weaknesses.

fOHN KRUSE, an Oregun pioneer of 1850
and one of the most successful and pros-
perous farmers of Clackamas county, was
born in Denmark, August 11, 1827. His fore-
fathers were ship-builders and were men of
ability and influence. Grandfather Kruse lost
his property by Napoleon Bonaparte's war.

At the age of fifteen years Mr. Krnse began
the life of a sailor before the mast, sailed for
the ports of Denmark until he was seventeen,
and came to the United States in the winter of

18-45-'46. He made two voyages from New
York to Savannah. Then ho became mute on a
schooner and sailed to Soutli (Jaroiina, where ho
was fur a time employed in railroading. After
this he went to New Orleans and was engaged
in 8toainb!)ating on tho Mississippi river, and
also worked along shore. lie then came West,
landing in San Francisco on the 3d of January,
1850, and in Portland on the 1st of April, 1850.
At Portlan<i he was first employed as engineer
in Stephen ('offiii's sawmill. Afterward he
aided in building nnd putting in place tho ma-
chinery of the lloosier, and was for a time her
engineer, l^ater, he and Mr. Leonard White
pnrciiased this boat and ran heron the Willam-
ette between Oregon City and Dayton. She
was the first steamboat on the river and carried
ten tons of freight.

In 1852 Mr. Krnse took his donation claim
in Clackamas county on the west bank of the
Willamette, eight miles above Oregon City,
purchasing the right for !f400 of a Mr. Mott'et,
who had located it. On the 3Uth of August,
1852, he married Miss lantha Gtier, a native of
Ohio, born December 6, 1836, daughter of Jo-
seph C. Geer. The day after their marriage
Mr. Kruse brought his young wife to their
new home. He worked and improved his farm
in summer and steamboated in winter, and his
earnesc and well-directed efforts rapidly brought
him prosperity. In 1878 he purchased a half
section of land; in 1882, 100 acres; and in 1886,
102 acres. Now he has 840 acres, a most beau-
tiful and valuable tract of land. In 1887 he
built a nice frame residence, overlooking the
beautiful Willamette river and the surrounding
country.

Mr. and Mrs. Krnse have had eight children,
namely: John L., who is married and resides
near them, has a son and daughter; Frank
Marion, at home, weighs 850 pounds, and at
the Oregon Exposition took the prize for being
the largei»t man in Oregon; Archibald, who died
in his third day; Albert O. is married, has two
sons and is engaged in steamboating; J. Fritz,
a steamboat man, was killed by the accidental
discharge of giant powder, October 20, 1887, at
the age of twenty-six years; Anna I., wife of
Joseph F. Cook, died in her twenty-third year,
leaving one son, who is being reared by his
grandparents; Ernest, who died in his seventh
year; Homer A., a professor of music, is at
present in the Willamette University, taking a
post-graduate course.

u«o

nisroRY OF o/maoN.

>: : r

ilr. and Mrs. Ivriiso (iIiUmI in tlie or}.^iu)i/,ation
of the iSjiiritnalist Suciety licix' t^oniu twtMity-tivf
yuiiPH njfo. ami tliev are still Spiritualists in be-
liet. Mr. Knisf was a Dt'inncrat \intil tlu' tir-
ini; on Fort Siinitur, wlion lii' joined tin* Uepub-
lican ranks and lias since lieyn ii supporter of
tliat i)arty. In IHIH lie was onu of the organ-
izers of the (irange, and has eevt^ral times serveil
in tlio j)osition ot Master of the order, lie has
twice lieen elected and has served two terms as
(-'oimty Clonimissioiier of his county, and while
an incunihent of that ottice evinced the same
intej^rity and ability that he has always siiown
in conducting his own business. In 1887 ho
served a term in the Oregon Legislature. He
is carrying on farming on an e.\ tensive scale;
employs a number of hands, keeps go(.id stock
anil farm implements, and has a blacksmith
shop and forge on the farm.

Mr. Kriiseand his wife are widely and favor-
ably known by all the Oregon ]>ioneer8, and are
liij^hly esteemed for their uuiny estimable traits
of ehiiractor.

fAMES SIIHLUV COOPEK, president of
the First National Hank of Inilependence,
and one of the most enterprising business
men of Folk county, is a native of Lawrence
county, Missouri, born January 9, 1841. He
is of German ancestry, who came to America,
])reviou8 to tlie ilovolution. His father, E. E.
Cooper, was born in Kentucky, and married
there a Miss Nancy Wann, a native of Ken-
tucky. They removed to Tennessee and from
there to Missouri in 1839. Mr. Cooper was a
prominent ir.inister of the Baptist Church, in
western Missouri, until 1808, when he came to
(-)regon and died in Salem, in August, 1880,
aged si.\ty-nine. His wife survived him until
May, 1891. They have twelve children, nine
of whom are still living.

James S. Cooper, the subject of this sketch,
was the fourth child, and was reared in Mis-
souri until his twentieth year, when falling in
with tlie spirit of adventure of the times he
crossed the plains with oxen to (California.
One sister came with liim, and the trip was a
safe and successful one. They experienced im
trouble, except from the thieving propensities
of the Mormons and Indians, on account of
wliich they lost some of their stock. They were

live montiis on the journey, l)ut as the journey
was so pleasant it hardly seemed as long as that
to tile youthful adventurers. Upon arrival in
California lie went to San .loaijuin county, where
he was engaged in teaming until 18(54. In
February of that year he came to Spring Valley,
Fcdk county, where his father had a farm near
Zena. When Mr. Cooper arrived in Polk county
he was ijllOO ii, debt. In 18f)5 he rented a farm
below Salem and earned enough money for his
support by (utting and soiling cord wood.
Alter a year le retired to Folk C(,iinty and re-
sided near Zc la until 1871. He then removed
to Wasco cor Illy, now Cook, where he was en-
gaged in trading stock. In 1873 he purchased
a line farm A' ItJO acres of land, two and one-
fourth inihM west of Salem, and on this land he
resided two years, when he sold it, and in 1875
came to Monmouth, where he remained three
years, successfully engaged in the livery busi-
ness. In' March, 1878, he came to Independ-
ence and engaged in the livery and staliling
business, which ho continued successfully until
1880, when he sold his interest. In 1885, see-
ing the need of banking faiiilities in the city of
Inde])endence, Mr. Cooper founded the J. S.
Cooper Hank, which was opened for business,
March 5, 1885, in a new bank building, which
Mr. Coopererected himself. Here he constant-
ly grew in favor with the business men as he
continued his bank, and March 9, 1889, he,
with others incorporated the First National
Hank of Independence, capital stock $50,000.
Mr. Cooper was elected president, and has con-
tinued to successfully hold that position ever
since, with credit to iiimself and to the satisfac-
tion of all parties concerned. Mr. L. W. liobin-
8011 is vi(H^-president and the directors are
Messrs. L. W. Robinson, W. H. Hawley, Lewis
llelmick, G. W. Whiteaker, W. W. Collins and
J. S. Cooper.

Mr. Cooper was niarrietl, in 1869, to Miss
Frances Graves, daughter of C. H. Graves, a
native daughter of Oregon. In 1879 Mrs.
Cooper died after hearing her husband fonr
children, three of whom are now living, namely:
Estelle M., Dora Edith and Ella Pearl. After
the death of his wife he remained single for
three years and then, in 1883 married Mrs.
Jennie Logan, a native of Nebraska, and the
daughter of A. M. O'Neal. This family came
to Oregon in 1801, and Mrs. ('ooper was reared
in Dallas. She is the twin sister of Mrs. Samuel
Coad, of Dallas, and these two ladies have the

Uli-L ' iii.L ' .il g'» lM H» "-e" B

iiitiTony OF (nifco(h\.

UUi

lienor of lining the first white cliihircn liorii in
Dndftc coniity, Neli-awkn. Mrs. (-'ooper lind no
living ciiiiiiren, \>y Iut firnt liuslmni), when bIio
inHrrieil, two Imving ■lied. She ims borne lier
liii8hiinil foiii' children: Miiliel, Franceo ami
James Slielliy, .Ir.

Mr. Coo{)er isaHlne Lodge, (Miapter and Coin-
tnandery Maaon. In politicB he is a liepiililican;
has frequently served on the City (yoiincil, and
has heeii I'resident of the Hoard of Trustees for
tlie city. He has interested himself in whatever
promised to benefit the city. Mr. ('ooper is a
member of the Christ ian (Jhurch, and his wife
is a Methodist. They are vtM-y agreeable people
ami highly esteemed by all who know them.
Mr. Cooper is a self-made man, for it is through
his own efforts that he has attained his present
pi'ominence. Not only is he a successful man,
but he also enjoys the confidence of his fellow-
townsmen.

4, J^^ "•'

--0^E2^.^4C4

^U G II V I E L D S, an Oregon pioneer, was
born in Grayson county, Virginia, in 1828.
His parents, Joseph and Ann (Curren)
Fields, «-ere natives of the same State. In 1831
they emigrated to Henry county, Missouri, and
engaged in fanning and the stock business.
While there he was elected Sheriff of Henry
county and while in the discharge of his duties,
he was thrown from his horse and death followed
from the effects of the fall. Three ciiildren were
left alone when hedied, as their ido*': :; i ad pre-
ceedod him in 1832, one year !• -i >" They
were reared by their grandparents Curren in
Virginia and remained until 1841, when they
returned to their uncle in Missouri. In 1845
Hugh and GeorgeCurren, with their two nephews,
Hugh and William, started for Oregon. They
brought out 100 head of cows. The train num-
bered about forty wagons and about 125 people,
with Samuel Brown, a mountaineer and trapper
of the Kocky mountains, as captain. Theconi-
pany were constantly or. guard as the Indians
were very troublesome, frequently surrounding
the train, but by constant vigilance, after five
months of travel, they landed at the Dalles with-
out any serious loss of stock or any loss of life.
Hugh Fields drove three yoke of oxen from
Henry county and lost but three days on the en-
tire trip. Leaving their wjigons at the Dalles
they secured pack horses and started with eight

days provisions across the mountains for the
Willamette valley, their only road being an In-
(han trail. Flight days were consumed in reach-
ing the summi*', as the snow was plentifid and
the trail obscure and dilKcult. On the summit
they met a party in search of the Harlow party,
who were lost in the mountains. From them
the Curren party secured some tlour and they
killed some of their poor animals for meat.
Sub8e(iiiently Messrs Harlow and Jiector came
to their camj) and Mr. Fields cooked the first
meal the j)oor half-starved men had eaten for
sevciral days. Proceeding they at last reached
the valley at Foster's camp after sixteen days in
the mountains. The Currens then located two
sections near Foster's and engaged in farming.
Their food the first winter was deer meat and
" slap-jacks "' cooked on a clapboard standing
in front of a roaring fire. The Indians were
quite troul)lesome on account of the settlement
of their lands, but pence was at last restored by
giving them two ueef cattle and a barbecue,
after which they went out and blazed upon the
trees that formed their boundaries of their claims.
In the summer of 184(5 Hugh Fields assisted
in building the Harlow road over the mountains
and for two seasons he stayed with his uncle,
but with strong teams assisted the emigrants
across the mountains, thus saving the property
of many lielated travelers, whose teams were ex-
hausted l)y the long journey. In the fall of
1848 Hugh struck out for the mines, packing
across the mountains, with a company of thirty
men. They spent the winter at Hangtown, and
during the day that the first criminals were
hung, Hugh Fields washed out $300 in gold
dust. lie used a cedar bark washer and re-washed
ground already worked. lie mined until the
summer of 1849 and had to leave them because
of sickness, but he took with him §4,000 in gold.
He landed in Oregon in September. He passed
the winter at tiie school of Dr. Spaulding and
purchased 640 acres of land two miles east of
Hrownsville. One half of the property he gave
to his brother William, who died in 1802. Mr.
Field still owns his original 320 acres. This
original farm is increased by 1,000 acres more
that Mr. Field has purchased. In the spring
of 1850 Mr. Fields entered into a partnership
with H. L. Brown in his little store at Hrowns-
ville. William Curren and he ran the pack
train across to Vreka, California, where they
built the first house of logs and covered it with
beef skins, and there started a trading post.

HIsroHY OF oHfiUON.

li-i!1

Tliey also di<l packing to .lackeonvillo luid Alt-
lioi)8e, Boiitliurii Oregiiii, wliicli uoiitiniitMl for
tliroe yeHi'H, Imt tliu partiiui-Hliip in the littlo
stofL- contimunl until alwiit 185tt. Mr. Fielil
Buttloii upon his t'lirni uiitl foiluwed tanning and
Btock-raihinif until 1*S7(I, when hu rentoii his
farm and moved to Ihnatilla, Morrow connty.
Here lie coiitiiiued hia husinesn of farminf^ and
Btoek-raisinj;;, now owning ti,0()() aereH of hind
and carrying liboiit 400 iiead of lioraes, 100 heail
of cattle and 20,000 head of ^^heop. The nucleus
of liirt horst'B was three maren wliich he picked
lip in the Willamette valley in 1858, from which
liave sprung upward of 2,000 horses. Mr. Fieldw
h»» sntfered from four disantrous seasons. In
1852 he lost $7,000 worth of fat cattle from the
cold weather; in 18(52, 400 head of cattle; in
1870, 100 head of I'attle, ami in 1889, 11,000
sheep, valued at $35,000.

In 1878 he moved hin family to Urownsville,
where they have since resided, he journeying
back and forth to his ranches. In 188t) hehuilL
his >paciou.s and elegant residence, Ktted with
all the modern improvements for ease and com-
fort, lie owns other property in Urownsville
and valuable improved property in I\)rtland.
Me was engaged in the first woolen milling in-
terest in the city of Hrownsville in 18fiO, and in
1889 was one of the syndicate to buy the Hrowns-
ville millit.g property, and to organize the Eagle
Woolen Mill Company, he also being one of the
directors. In 1889 he helped organize the P'irst
National iknk of (roldendale, Washington, and
is now vice-presi<lent and director. He helped
organize the First National Hank of Hepner,
Morrow county. He is a shrewd, cautious iinsi-
""ss man with keen foresight and sound judg-
ment, "ud his success is entirely due to persis-
tent, persevering effort.

In 1855 Mr. Fields married Miss Sidney
Younger, daughter of Littleton Younger, a pi-
oneer of 1852. She died in May, 1889, and Mr.
Fields married for the necond time, October 11,
1891, Miss Dora Skillman of Kentucky.

fACOB 1). lUTTER, of Clackamas county,
Oregon, was born in tlie State of Illinois
May 20, 1852, and when three years of age
crossed tht plains to Oregon with his father,
John Hitter.

John Ritter was a native of Austria, born in

the mountains of Tyrol in April, 1819, of Aus-
trian parents, who came to America in 1825
and settled in the State of t'ennsylvania, where
they lived honest and industrious lives and
where they died, the father in his si.\ty-tirst
year, and the mother a year later, aged Hfty-two.

Mr. Hitter was the third born and is now the
only survivor of the family of five children. In
1843, after the death of his parents, lie went to
Illinois, and resided there and in Iowa and
Missouri until 1855, when he came to Oregon
with the Aurora (lolony Company. He was
not, however, a member of the company. Ho
had married on the 7th of October, 1850, Miss
l-ydia Nygh, who was lion Juniata county,
Pennsylvania, .April 27, They liad two

children: Jacob D. and The latter is

now the wife of Mr. West uubbiris and resides
in Oregon City. Upon arriving in Oregon they
came from Walla Walla to the Dalles during
the Indian war, and remained at the Dalles two
years. They then came to (Jregon City and
pnrclia8e<l a farm of 320 acres in (Mackamas
county, sixteen miles southeast of Oregon City.
Hero they spent twenty-three years of their
lives, and by honest industry and economy im-
proved the place and prospered. In 1889 Mr.
Hitter sold out and came to Aurora, and built
the little home in which he is now spending the
evening of a useful and honorable life. His
wife died September 11, 1892. They had seven
children: Their daughter, Mary W., married a
Mr. Hrant and resides in Oregon City; Caroline
E. married a Mr. Strickland and resides in
Idaho; Amelia M. is now Mrs. W. Herat, of
Aurora; and A.M.; Annie married Mr. Frank
M. Berry and resides in Alaska Mr. Hitter is
a man of intelligence and has pronounced views
of his own. He takes the Bible alone for the
rule of his faith and practice, and is very inde-

f)endent in his line of thought. His parents
eft Austria because it was under Catholic rule
and came to America to enjoy liberty.

When Mr. Hitter, his wife and little children
escaped from the murderous Indians at Walla
Walla they came away with what they had on
their backs and $3 in money, and before they
were out of idght of tboir humble dwelling they
saw its 8inoi<c, it having been tired by the In-
dians. So they began life in Oregon with noth-
ing but willing hands and strong hearts. He
cut wood and she washed, and thus they began
to make their way in the new territory. They

UlHTOnV OF oltKUON.

668

worked Imrd Htid richly {lenerve the property
tliuy «o lioiu'Htly carncil.

Thi'ir Hon, .Iiiiiiow I)., ruiiiaiiieil itt hoinc with
hit* liitiu'r until liiH tw(>nty-rtec(in<l yi-iir, \viii;n liu
went to Portland anil workrd lit thu ciirpeiitiirrt'
trad)', latiM' at paiiitini;, anil wax aUo for a time
enKngfd in farming. In lS7t5 he engafjeii in
the hntc.horin^ huHineoH, di8pot)iii)j; of hin meat
in I'ortland, running wagons in tlio country
ami doing a roniiinerative IniHiiiesH. He has
where he renides twenty-nine acres of land, on
which he has hiiilt a good residence.

In ISSO he marrii I Miss (latlierine M. Ziin-
mernian, a native n Missonri, horn Fehniary 2,
I8fi2, daughter of David Zimmerman. Mr. and
Mrs. liitter have ti.x children, three sons and
three daughters: Chester I)., Alice E.. Percy
.)., Kndolph William, Hayaila and Grace.

Mr. Hitter is in politics a liepiihlican, and is
a well-known, eiijialile and enterprising hiisiness
man and a good citizen, and was tor a time en-
gaged in the merchandise hnsiness at Neely,
Oregon, and was also Postmaster at that place,
and he is also at present Notary Public.

fAVII) GRANT, deceased, was one of
Oregon's worthy pioneers of 1844. He
was born in (!ocke county, Tennessee,
August 27, 1810, son of Richard and Rachel
(Mc('oy) Grant, both natives of Tennessee. His
parents were well-to do fanners and had a fam-
ily of eight children, six sons and two daughters.
They moved from Tennessee to Missouri when
David was ten years old. There he grew to
manhood, and March 12, 1839, married Miss
America Gilliam. She was born in Missouri,
December 18, 1823, oldest daughter of Gen-
eral Cornelius Gilliam and his wife, nee Mary
Crawford.

Ill 1844 General Gilliam organized a com-
pany, and with his wife and eight children, Mr.
Grant and his wife and two children, and others,
started May 10 on the long overland journey
for Oregon, reaching their destination Decem-
ber 21, 1844. General Gilliaiii commanded this
company. Upon his arrival here ho settled on
a donation claim near where the city of Dallas
is now located. He subsequently sold this
property and took up his abode on the Lucka-
mute, where he resided until the massacre of
Whitman. Ho then commanded a company of

the settlers and went to tight the Indians.
Marching with his coinmand after snpplie.-^ and
recruits, they arrived at Wells Springs, where
he met with an accident that cost him his life.
While taking a rope from the wagon, intending
to tie his horse with it, a loaded gun with the
ramrod in it was accidently discharged. The
rod struck hii' htwl, he fell and almost instantly
expired. He was one of the bravest pioneers
that ever landed in Oregon, and his untimely
death was a source of great bereavement to his
family and to all the early settlers who knew
him. He was not oidy a brave soldier and good
citiz((n, Init was also an earnest Christian and a
iSaptist minister. His widow survived him
thirty years, her death occurring in 1878. She,
too, was an earnest (Christian, being noted for
her generosity and hospitality. She was a mem-
ber of the Methodist Church. Four of her fam-
ily are still living, one of which is Hon. W. 8.
(Tilliam of Walla Walla, W'ashiiigton, all occu-
pying useful and honorable positions in society.

Upon their arrival in Oregon Mr. and Mrs.
Grant took a donation claim of 040 acres, one
mile east of where thecity of Dallas now stands.
Here they built a little log cabin. Their bed-
stead was made of poles. The rest of their
furniture comprised a frying-pan, a skillet,
an iron pot, two chairs and their bedding.
Here they worked hard from 1845 till 1880,
during which time their well -directed labor
developed this farm into one of the most val-
uable properties in this vicinity. Mr. Grant
died of consumption December 2'J, 1880. His
life was such that he gained the respect and
good-will of all with whom ho came in con-
contact. Alttiough he took little interest in
political matters his views were in harmony
with Democratic principles and he always
voted that ticket. He was a devoted mem-
ber of the Methodist Church South, as also is
Mrs. Grant.

The two children they brought with them
across the plains were William and Mary Ann.
The former has a family and resides in Dallas.
The latter died March 21, 1845, at the age of
two years. They had two other children, viz.:
Margaret Jane, born November 12. 1847, is the
wife of William Elkins and lives in Dallas; and
Martha Ellei , born June 7, 1858, wife of Mon-
roe Bnrford, died in her thirtieth year, leaving
one child.

Mr. Grant had retired from the farm in 1879,
purchased property in Dallas and built a resi-

664

JJIiiTOny OF OUMOON.

i. ' Tlri

'iil

dence there. In this home Mrs. Grant still
lives. After his deafh his part of the land was
sold I'or ^8,000 and the money divided atuonf^
the children. Mrs. Grant still retains her por-
tion of the estate. She owns and rents seven
dwellings in I^allas.

Personally Mrs. Grunt is a woman ot' marked
intelligence. Now, at the age of sixty-nine
years, she has handsonii- black eyes, is tall and
straight, and well preserved, liotii mentally and
physically. Few liave a larger circle of friends
and held in higher esteem than she.

For thirty-nine years Mrs. Grant had in her
possession a lock of Mrs. Whitman's hair,whicli
was taken from her liead after she was killed
by the Indians. Mrs. Grant received it from
one of the volnnteer soldiers, who had secured
it. After keeping it so long and fearing that
it might get lost she presented it to Whitman
College, where it is treasured as a memorial of
that martyred lady.

fYliUS BIJELL, a highly est(3emed Oregon
pioneer of 184:7, and one of Polk county's
most prosperous farmers, was born in In-
diana, December 19, 1836. His father, Elias
Buell, was born in Benton, New York, July 2(t,
17'J7. William Buell, the ancestor of the ISuell
family in Amei-ica, was one of the Pilgrim Fa-
thers, coming from England in the Mayflower
and landing at Plymouth itock. Grandfather
Samuel Buell was l)orn at Fort Edward, Now
York, in 1703, and (Trandniother Buell, nee
Jerusha (iriswold, a native of New York, was
born in 177(). They were married in 1790, and
of their seven children, Elias, our subject's fa-
tiier, was the oldest.

Elias-- Buell was married in Maryland, October
1S(, 1817, to Miss Sarah Hammond, who was
born in Maryland, January 'I'l, 1800. Her fa-
ther, Lott Ilainmond, was of New York ances-
tiy. After his marriage Mr. Buell worked at
his trade, that of blacksmith. In the early days
he was C(jn verted and joined the Methodist
(Uinrvli, and all his life was a firm tidherent to
that faith. He and his wife have had a family
of nine children, three of whom had died in
infancy, and in 1817, .vith his wife and surviv-
ing children, he crossed the plains to Oregon.
The children who made tlie journey with them
are as follows: Elizabe'h, now the widow of

Nathan Conner; Caroline first married Mr.
Finley, and after his death became the wife of
Mr. Courtney; Enieline married Thomas Blair,
had nine children and died in 1877; Melissa, a
resident of Polk county, has been twice nia.-
ried and is now a widow, her tirst husband being
Isaac Ilinsliaw, and the second, Mr. Vanhorn;
Paulina married Daniel liowelland had si.\ chil-
dren, of whom two died in infancy, she and her en-
tire fatnily being lost at sea on the Brother Jona-
than while making the return voyage from the
East in 18t)5; Cyrus; and Sarah Ann, who njar-
ried Robert McKune, died in her tifty-lirst year,
leaving seven children. Mr. Buell started with
his family from Mahaska county, Iowa, in 1840,
and got as far as Holt county, Missouri, where
they spent the winter, continuing their way
westward the following spring. His brother,
Samuel Buell, and his wife and six children
were in the company; also Mr. Buell's two sons-
in-law, Finley and Conner. After a safe jour-
ney of 8i.\ months' duration, th^^, made the tirst
stop at Vancouver, where they remained during
the winter and learned all they could of the
country. In the spring of 1848 they came to
the northern part of Polk county, took claim to
a section of land, built a log house, and moved
in, their relations settling near them.

In the fall of 1848 Mr. Buell went overland
to California and mined on the American river,
and the following spring retu:-ned with $2,000,
the result of his mining. He then built a saw-
mill and .'I flouring mill on his donation claim
on Mill creek, eight miles south of the present
site of Sheridan. These mills were of great
value to the settlers in that part of the country.
He was the prime mover in the Methodist
Chapel on Mill creak, which was named in honor
of liiin. Politically he is a Republican. He
conducted his farming operations and ran his
mills until the time of his death, in 1871, in the
Bcventy-f- ,'rth year of his age. His wife died
in 1885. Both were earnest Christians and typi-
cal pioneers, people distinguished for their hon-
esty, their geniality and their hospitality, and
loveii by all who knew them.

Cyrns Buell remained with his father until
tli'j latter's death, and the donation claim was
lert to hiir. He remained on it utitil 1874,
wiieii he came to his present locality, one mile
south of Sheridan. Here he purchased 240 acres
of land, afterward added to it, and is now the
owner of 485 acres, one of the finest tracts of
farming land in the county. He raises large

HISTORY OF OREGON.

865

crops of grain <and also gives tiuicli attention to
tlie stock busineBB, raising shorthorn cattle.
Clydesdale and Olevelatid l)ay liorses, and Cots-
wold and Merino sheep.

July 30, 1859, he married Mies Amanda Ellen
Carey, who was horn in Illinois in 1843, daugh-
ter of John Carey. Her father was horii in
Philadelphia in 18U3. came to Oregon - 184V,
settled on a donation claim near \)p.Oi:, r-..n
Hill county, and subsequently moved ic 'rdc-
pendenee. Polk county, where he diei! In his
seventy-ninth year. His wife lived to be eighty-
two. They reared a family of eight children,
all of whom are settled on the Pacific coast, oc-
cupying useful and honorable positions in life.
Mr. and Mrs. Jluoll have had six children, four
of whom are living. Charles Walter, born Sep-
tember 10, 18()0, is married and resides on a
farm near his father. The other children are at
home and arc as follows; Marion H., born Feb-
ruary 25, 1862; Frank Lawrence, November 15,
1803; and Laura Belle, November 25, 1866.

Mr. Buell afliliated with the Republican party
during its early history and until the past eight
years, now giving his support to the Prohibi-
tion cause.

— cJh

••«=-

fEROME DORNSIFE of Independence,
Oregon, is one of the most enterprising and
prosperous business men of that place. He
was born in Ohio, i i 1845, the son of Henry
Louis Dornsife, a luitive of Maryland, '?orn
1819. The fam'lv is of German ancestry. The
grandfather, H'. ronymous Dornsife, was born
in Frankenberg, Kerrhessen, Germany, in 1781,
who for public services rendered was released
from serving the required time in the (ierman
army, and was given his passport to America.
He embarked with family of two brothers, and
after a perilous voyage of more than four months,
landed safely, and settled in Pennsylvania.
Henry L. Dornsife came to Ohio in 1842, and
there married Martha A. Trego, a native of
lioss county, Ohio, and they have had six chil-
dren. They came west to Iowa, where in 1858
the wife died.

The subject of our sketch, then thirteen years
of age, was educated in the public schools, and
resided with his father until his eighteenth year;
when the great civil war was at its worst he
enlisted, in 1864, in Company I, First Iowa

Cavalry, served with his company in Arkansas,
Tennessee, Mississij)pi, Louisiana and Texas,
under command of General Steele first, then in
1865-'66 was under command of the brave Gen-
eral Custer. He was honorably discharged
March 16, 1866; he then retired to home in
Iowa, where he engaged in farming on shares
with his father.

In 1869 he was united in marriage to Miss
liebecca Nelson, daughter of Isaac \V. and
Phoebe Nelson, nee Harper, both natives of
Pendleton county. West Virginia. They were
married in 1885, and came west to Iowa on
horseback in 1886. Mr. Nelson's house was
erected from trees felled by his own hand, sur-
rounded by the red men of the forest almost
entirely, wlioses chiefs, Black Hawk and old
Keokuk, have part.iken of the hospitality of
this worthy couple, who occupied their home
until their death. She died in 1888, at the age
of seventy-two years, he in 1889, aged seventy-
eight.

Mr. Nelson was at one time one of the larg-
est landholders of this county. Mr. and Airs.
J. Dornsife came to Oregon in 1871. To this
couple two children were born, Alice in 1872,
and Van Isaac in 1882. They located on a farm
three miles north of Independence, purchased
106 acres of land, and afterward added 100
more. He improved the property and resided
on it sixteen years. In 1891 he sold it and
purchased the Opera House, a desirable piece
of property, in Independence, which he still
owns. It is 55x90 feet, fronting on Main
street. The first floor is used for store purposes,
the remainder for opera house and offices.

Mr. J. Dornsife was, one of the organizers of
the Motor Company and all of the real-estate
enterprises that have grown out of it. He is
one of the managers of the road which went in-
to operation in August, 1890; is now conductor
of same. He is jjresident of the Polk county
Land Company, which owns 300 acres of land
along the line of this road, that is destined to
become very valuable. They platted their prop-
erty and are selling lots at SlOO jier lot. He is
also connected with the Park Association and
fair grounds and race track, and he is one of
the owners of the e'ectric light plant of this city.

He is u Master Mason, a Republican in
politics and a thorough good man. He has
interested himself in the educational matters
of the township, and is a member of the
School Board. In business he is wise, care-

660

niSTOllY OF OREGON.

fill aiiJ ro'.la'jio ami desij^ns to do all in his
power for the advancement and iuiprovoniont
of Independence. lie ami his wile helped to
organize the Grange in their county and were
important members of same.

f^^

fROFESSOR ASA .J. GARLAND, princi-
pal of the pulilic schools of Prineville,
<)regon, was born in Harnstead, New
Hampshire, November 21, 1843. He is of
Puritan stock, being tlie sixth in descent from
John Garland of England, who came to this
country in lt)70 antl settled in Hampton, New
Hampsiiire.

His parents, Asa and Betsey (Chesley) Gar-
land were married in 1888. They had never
known the luxuries of wealth, but by their own
industry and frugality acquired ])roperty, not
rapidly but surely. In tiie house where they
were married they lived for a quarter of a cen-
tury and reared a family of six children, all of
whom they educated quite liberally for those
times. Asa (iarland died in 1882, at the age
of aixtv-eight years; the other members of the
family still survive.

Asa J. attended the public schools of his na-
tive town until he »vas sixteen years of age, when
he commenced teaciiing. In 1860 he entered
Wolfborough Academy, witli theintention of pre-
paring for college. Teaching during the winter
montliB and at the same time carrying along
the studies of the academy, he completed the
coureejof study in 1862. When principal of the
academy at Harton, Vermont, in 1866, he first
niet Miss Lucy Owen, the daughter of Mr. Daniel
Owen, a wealthy and influential citizen of that
town. In 18<)8 Prof. Garland and Miss Owen
were married and the next year they pushed
their way westward and settled in Meeker
county, Minnesota, where they were engaged in
the public school work most of time for the
next twelve years. IjCaving the active work
of teaching for a season, they entered upon
eei)arate courses of study in tlie ^formal (col-
lege at Valparaiso, Indiana, where Prof. Gar-
land graduated in 1888, receiving the degree
of Machelor of Arts. Soon after this they went
to Monticeilo, Arkansas, to take charge of the
high school (jf that city. They did not want
for patronage iti this school, but in time they

wearied of the annoyances to wiiicii they were
subjected by the "chivalry'' and in 1887 Mrs.
Garland entered again the college at Valparaiso
to complete the courses of study in Elocution
and Fine Arts, which she had commenced there
several years previously. Graduating in both
courses the next year, she joined her husband at
Wilbur, Oregon, where ho was principal of the
time-honored institution at that place, the Ump-
qna Academy.

Iking thoroughly equipped for all kinds of
school work, they applied for the public schools
of the city of Hrownsvilleand entered upon their
duties there in 1889.

Under their charge the Urownsville schools
have undergone a complete transformation.
They have been thoroughly organized and
graded, a library founded, and in three years
the enrollment has doubled. Prof, and Mrs.
Garland have also introduced as system of sketch
and map drawing, which is very popular and
yields excellent results.

This school under their charge has made
rapid progress and has taken rank with the best
schools of the coast.

In 1892 the School Hoard of Prineville ex-
tended their course of study so as to include all
the branches required for a State Life Diplonia.
Prof, and Mrs. Garland were elected for the
two highest positions which they still retain.

Prof, and Mrs. Garland have two children,
Asa Owen ami John Harnard. The Professor
is a member of a blue lodge and chapter V.
& A. M. ^ ^

Prof, and Mrs. Garland have performed a
good work in their chosen profession. In their
present position the constantly increasing at-
tendance attests their popularity as teachers.

ICERO L. HOGAN, a native son of Ore-
gon, is prominent as a wholesale and
retail dealer in saddles and harness in the
city of Portland. The business of which he is
the owner was established by Mr. J. H. Congle
in 1862. Mr. liogan was born in I'ortland on
November 16, 1860. His father, Patrick Ilogaii,
came to Oregon in 1854, and was for many years
one of Portland's active business men, being
engaged all his life in Portland in the transfer
and forwarding business and enjoyiMJ the fullest
confidence of the community. He had re8ide<l

'< '!

HISTORT OF OREGON.

867

in Portland twenty-nine years, and lie lived such
a life as to lie one of Portland's honored and
respected citizens.

Cicero was raised and educated in Portland
and learned the business, in which he is now
en}rap;ed, and in 1888, upon the death of its
founder, became its owner, and has since con-
trolled it. Success followed him in his manage-
ment, and he has met with very satisfactory
results from the larfre business that extends all
over the the Northwest. Mr. Ilogan is proud
of Ills State and of the city, in which he was
born and raised. He is an intelligent business
man, and gives the whole of bis time and atten-
tion to his business.

SON. JESSE B. STUMP, an honored pio-
neer of the State of Oregon, and one of her
most sue "<t'ul ap;riculturi8t8, is descended
from ancestoi ■ f migrated to America prior

to the Revohiiii.i ,1 ^fttled in Maryland; his
paternal grandfatlior p,irticipHri ■! in tlie strug-
gle tor liberty, liis latlier Im Stump, was a
native of Maryland, but removed to Ohio aboii'
the year 1800, being a pioneer < , the IJuckey
State; there he married Miss Rebecca Summer,
a native of Maryland, ami to them were born
fifteen children, nine of whom still survive,
Jesse P. Stump, the subject of this notice, was
the eighth born; his birthplace is 1" Hay,
Ohio, and the date, September 15, 1832; he was
reared on the farm belonging to his father, and
attended the pioneer schools of his day. lie
taught school for two years, and in 18ri I
started for the West, driving a band of
across the plains to Oregon; there were uuir
men in the company, and they made the journey
nearly all the way on foot, consuming five
months; they kept the sheep two years, then
drove them to the bay of San Francisco, and
there sold them at a nice prolit. Mr. Stump
taught school for five years at Monmouth, and
then purchased a section of land, which he occu-
pied and improved; he was very industrious,
and as his means increased he invested in addi-
tional lands, until in 1887 he was the the owner
of a choice 2,000 acres.

While he has given close attention to busi-
ness, Mr. Stump has not been wholly absorbed
in self, but has found time to devote to those
questions and movements which are of general

interest to the public. He cast his first |)resi-
dential vote for Abraham Lincoln. His fellow-
citizens testified to their confidem-e in his
integrity and ability by electing him a member
of the State Legislature in 1807; he discharged
his duties with credit, alike to himself and his
constituency. Since 18(39 he has been an active
member of the Grange, and in 1891 was State
Treasurer of the order.

Mr. Stump was happily married in 1859, to
Miss Martha A. Davidson, a native of Illinois,
and a daughter of (Jarter T. Davidson; this
union was blessed by the birth of three soii^^ and
a daughter; William A. and Arthur A. died
just as they reached maturity; they were young
men of great promise and their loss was d(t;|iiy
mourned by tlieir bereaved family; Jessie Helle
and Fred Newton are with their parents. Mr.
Stump was one of the organizers of the People's
Transportation Company, which built two
steamooats and carried on a freight and passen-
ger l)U8itiess tor two years, selling out at the
end of that time to the Oregon Uuili'oiid and
Na\igation Company. In 1887 he retirii I'rom
his rancii and purchased a plea,--aiit residence in
Salem, where he lives with his family, sur-
rounded with many comforts. He is one of
Oregon's most prosperous agricnltuiists, and is
Worthy of the high estt imm in which he is held.
H is associat<!d with the Unitarian Society,
Him I- aiding in the building of the church now
in course of construction.

"*' ^-^=J '^^■{'■f^'^ '• '•■

§ENRY WILBERN, genera! merchant,
Eagle Creek, Oregon, and one of tiie most
prominent business men of Clackamas
county, was born in (Tcrmany, September H,
1833.'

Mr. Wilbern dates his arrival in Aine"'"a
when he was twelve years old, and in 185^ !i.'
came to San Francisco. Like most of the ne \-
comers to this coast, he ha<l a mining experi-
ence, his, however, lasting oidy eleven days.
During those eleven days he secured $14. Then
he was for ten years engaged in the grocery
business at San Francisco. From that city he
went to Santa Clara county, same State, and
purchased 320 acres of land, on which he lived
Tor seven years, devoting his time and means to
its improvement. A part of this land proved
to be a Spanish grant, and after a long and ox-

HISTORY OF OKEGON.

poiirive law suit he lokt 160 acres of it. Then
lie dis])0!-eil of his interesti; in California, came
to Oregon, and settled at Eai^le Creek. This
was in 1871. He and Mr. li. Gerdis opened
out a ifene'-nl inerchaiidise business on a small
scale, occiiiiying a room, 16 x 30 feet, and a year
later Mr. \Vill)ern purchased his partner's in-
terest. Hy close attention to his business and
!)y liberal and honorable methods in dealing
with his customers, he has thus far had a most
successful career as a {general merchant. The
small room he at first occupied soon became in-
suttieient for his increasing business and he
ni,"'ved into larger quarters. He now occupies
a roL'n 116 feet deep, which is filled with every
class of goods usually kept in a first-class es-
tablishment of this kin<l. Mr. Wilbern built a
family residence, and is also the owner of the
public hall at Eagle Creek.

He was married in San Francisco, October
28, 1858, to Miss Katie G. Cordes, a native of
Hanover, Germany. They have two children:
IJUie, wife of Ilngh Currier; and l<'rederick,
his father's assistant in the store.

Mr. AVilbern is a member of the I. O. O. F.
He has passed all the chairs in both branches of
the order, and attended the Grand Tv)dge held
in Sacramento, California, in 1864. lie is a
Republican, but is quite independent in his
views. A man of push and business enterprise,
and a leading spirit in the public affairs of his
part of the county, he is a gentleman whose
place it would be hard to fill.

1?|R. FllKDEilICKCI{ANG,a widely known
ij||ff and distinguished physician and surgeon,
^^ of Forest Grove, is a native of England
and was born in Halletrow, in the parish of the
High Littleton, Somersetshire, April 11, 1822.
Ho is of pure Scotch .incestry, and comes of a
iirominent family of physicians, hi.'i grandfather,
father, two uncles and a brother being reputable
members of that prol'essioti. His parents were
Dr. James and Susanna (Hay) Crang, his mother
being the daughter of the Earl of Errol. They
had thirteen children, four of whom survive.

The subject of this sketch was reared and edu-
cated in London. England, where he practiced
liis profession until 185(5, when he came to
AiTierica. For five years he practiced his pro-
fession iu New York city, after which he re-

moved to Grundy county, Illinois, where he
practiced. five years. lie then removed to Olivet,
Eaton county, Jfichigan, remaining there six
years. While there, being a talented preacher
and a Congregat'onalist, he was induced to enter
the regular ministry, as there was a great need
of ministers, and that being a good field for use-
fulness. In this capacity he served for a num-
ber of years in several churches in a most effi-
cient and acceptable manner, doing much good
in building new houses of worship, in building
up weak churches and in clearing off church
debts, in all of which he svas very successful.
During all this time lie continued to treat the
diseased body as well as the mind.

In J875, desiring a change of climate for his
wife, he came to Oregon, and was for several
years pastor of the (Jongregational Church at
Astoria, at which time he removed to Forest
Grove, that his children might be near the Pa-
cific University. Here he purchased a com-
fortable home and attends to the better class of
practice, 80 far as his strength will permit.

The Doctor was married in England, in 1850,
to Miss Emma Owens. They have had three
children, of whom one son is living, Frederick
Richard, now residing in Minnesota. Mrs. Crang
died in 1855, much lamented by all who knew
her. She was a lady of superior intelligence and
great amiability of character, a faithful wife and
devoted mother. On March 15, 1856, Dr.
Crang married Miss Catharine Walker, a native
of Ireland. They have had nine children, seven
of whom are living: Mary Ann; Thomas Henry
is captain of the steamer Telephone, running
between I'ortland and Astoria; Jane is the wife
of Mr. W. G. Vandusen, a leading business
man of Astoria; Winifred Cordelia is the wife
of Mr. Ge' rge II. George, who is in business, a
prominent canneryman in Astoria; Frank E. is
also in business in Astoria; Sadie Maria is also
in Astoria; and Edwin James is with his ]jar-
ei ts, attending the Pacific University.

During his life in the United States he has
been an advocate of a government of the people
I ir the people. He abliored human slavery,
and aided, so far as lay in his [iiiwer, in removing
that abominable stain from the Nation's es-
cutclieon, that liberty might be proclaimed
thrt)ugliout all the land to all the iiihabitantB
thereof, and is most grateful to have lived to see
his hopes accomplished. He is devotedly at-
tached to his profession, to the practice of which
he brings an experience of more liian forty years.

HISTORY OF OREnON.

lie and his wife are active members of tho
Congregational Church, in whicli denomination,
as we Lave seen, he takes a prominent part.

Would tliat our English cousins would send
more such men to our country, to nourish and
sustain the Nation, by infusing into its veins
the healthy blood of noble manhood and woman-
hood.

^•^»=^-j^*

ll^AVID M. GUTHRIE, a prominent
Oregon pioneer of 1846 and one of Polk
county's most snccessful farmers and wool
and sheep-growers, was born in Jioone county,
Missouri, May 28, 1824. lie is of Scotch an-
cestry, who were early settlers in Virginia, and
his father, James Guthrie, was born in Vir-
ginia in 1793. lie removed to Kentucky and
was a pioneer of that State, lie also served in
the war of 1812, and married in Kentucky Mar-
garet Philips, a native of Virginia. They had
three children l)orn to them in Kentucky, and
then they removed to Hoone county, Missouri,
in 1818, where they settled on Government
land and were among the first settlers of that
State. Seven children were born to them in
this county. They ne.xt settled in Cole coutity,
same State, where they resided until 1844,
when they removed to Buchanan county, and
thence to Nodaway county and where the
father died, in his eiu;hty-second year. His wife
was just a month and one day younger than he,
and she survived him about two years, when
she also died. They had ten chilclren, eight
sons and two daughters, of whom our subject
was si.xth in order of birth.

He was reared on a farm and learned the
trade of a carpenter. When ho was nearly
twenly-two years of age he started on the long
journey across the plaini*. li'aving Missouri on
the 5tli of May and arrived in Oregon Decem-
ber 20, making the trip with an ox team. In
1850 he took up a donation claim of 640 acres,
located four miles south of the present site of
Dallas. This old claim he has kept and he
prospered on this land, on which he has raised
choice sheep. He was the first to introduce
thoroughbred fine-wool shoop in this part of
State, and ho made a success of it. In 1876 he
received first prize for his wool at the Centen-
nial Exposition in Philadelphia. He now has
a choice tract of land, f^njounting to 1,800 acres,

and has a farm and town property near Salem..
In addition to this property Mr. Guthrie has
also interested himself in hop culture in the
county, and an orchard of 1,000 peach trees
near Salem. Mr. Guthrie looks after and super-
intends his entire business and seldom loses a
day in working season. In the summer of
1892 he built one of the finest liop houses in
the State, which cost in all nearly §1,500. His
hop yard consists of about thirty acres, within
three miles of Salem, the State capital. Ilia
property is nearly all in Polk county, Oregon.

In 1848, just after the massacre of Dr. Whit-
man, when Mr. Nesniith volunteered to fight
the Indians, our subject helped elect Mr. Nes-
niith Captain and then served under him. He
furnished his own equipment, and was several
(lays without provisions when on a scouting ex-
pedition in search of the Indians, and lived on
iiorse Hesh four days. He rendered the Gov-
ernment and early settlers valuable service.
Seven years afterward he received §118 from
the Government for his services.

In the spring of 1849 he went overland to
California and mined in the Reddings diggings
a short time, and from there went to the middle
fork of the American river on the Muders bar,
where he took out an average of S50 a day.
He continued digging for gold until fall, when
he opened a store of miners' supplies at Hang-
town. The following summer of 1850 he came
I lack to Oregon. He still has some of the gold
lie dug in those days. After an absence of
thirteen months he returned to Oregon, bring-
ing with him 83,000. With $400 of this ho
bought the rigl)t to a claim and stocked it with
cattle and horses, paying $500 for a wagon ami
two yoke of cattle. In 1852 he engaged in
raising line sheep, for which he paid fancy
prices, sometimes as much as $300 for a single
sheep. In addition to this he has engaged in
the raising of mohair goats. In 1852 and '53
a cow with a calf sold for $100. As the country
developed, our subject has taken an increasing
interest in it and has taken stock in steam-
boats, telegraphs and railroads, and is now aid-
ing in tiie construction of a large woolen mill
at Dallas. Mr. (iuthrie never went to school
six months in his life, !)ut by close reading has
become one of the best informed men of the
day. Ho has never been without a newspaper
since 1852, and now Bubscribes for eleven, of dif-
ferent political and religious beliefs; four are
newspapers, four are agricultural and political,

'-W

670

11 r STORY OF OHEOON.

! i

iiiid the rest arc religious and iioii-conservative.

In September, iSol, Mr. (liuthrio married
Mary Ellen Davidson, a native of Tippecanoe
(wunty, Indiana, who eanie to Orego?! in 1850.
They liave Inid five children; Uarvoy K., mar-
ried, is a I'olk county farmer; J. T.. also a
farmer, Inis a family; Sarah M. married Jlr.
Silas lihodes, and tliey settled on a farm near
our subject; the other two children died in
infancy. The mother died October 23, 18()().
Ei<{ht years later, October 18, our subject was
•■igain married, his second wife lieinir Martha E.
Miller, who was born in Illinois, and came to
Oregon in 1852. l?y this marriage there have
been ten children, three of whom died. All the
surviving children arc at home. Their names
are: David A., Joseph Lee, Mary Ellen, Armon
Laton, Forest Laroy, Martha Lane and Lillie
May. Martha Eveline, his second wife, died
May 12, 1891, leaving in his care seven child-
ren, four sons and three daughters. The eldest
son is twenty-two years of age, and the eldest
daughter fifteen; tlie youngest daughter is nine
yeai-s old.

Our subject is a member of the I. (). O. F.,
and has been a Baptist since his eighteenth
year. He served as Clerk of the church at
Rickreall. He is a sound Democrat, and re-
ceived the appointment from (Tovernor Moody
to report on the products of Polk county to the
United States Bureau at "Washiiigton. His re-
port was so good that he received many com-
pliments on it. He has also held the position
of Sheep Inspector for a number of years. In
1892 he was appointed a member of the State
Board of Agriculture, to fill the vacancy on the
J3oard caused by the death of Hon. T. G. Rich-
mond. Mr. Guthrie is an excellent representa-
tive of the Oregon pioneer of 1840, an<l he is
widely and favorably known by all the early
settlers of his State. He is full of life and al-
ways ready to help those who are in distress.
Mr. Guthrie has been indefatigable in liis ef-
forts to secure for his children good eduea-
cational advantages. His first three children
went four miles to school in Dallas, making the
trip on horseback. This being unsatisfactory,
Mr. Guthrie hired a teacher lo come to his
house and teach a jjrivate school. When some
of his second family became old enough to at-
tend school, atiu free schools not being estab-
lished in his vicinity, Mr. Guthrie took the
matter into his own hands and drew up a
petition, which he circulated among liis neigh-

bors, to get a sufficient number of names to se-
cure a grant from tiie school superintendent to
organize a district near him. Tliis district was
organized in 1881, and Mr. Guthrie gave to it
one acre of land, built a schoolhouse, dug a
well and surrounded the place with a good
fence, furnishing nearly all the money to pay
t!ie expenses, paying in all more than S200.
The first year or two he ])rovided a house in
which to hold school, but for the last six years
they have had a good school, taught six months
in the year.

; ILL! AM FAUI.L, the leading hardware
merchant of Dallas, Oregon, was born
in (irant county, Wisconsin, September
19, 1847, son of Richard- Faull, a native of
Cornwall, England. His father came to Amer-
ica in 1843, and settled at Pottsville, Pennsyl-
vania, among the coal mines. Two years after-
ward he and his family returned to Cornwall,
England, and in 1847 they came again to Amer-
ica, this time settling in Grant county, Wisconsin.
He and his wife had a family of six children.
The mother, nee tllizabeth Rogers, of Cornwall,
is still living, with one of her daughters in
Iowa, and is seventy-three years of age

Iti 1851 the discovery of gold in California
lured him to that State, and while on the Pa-
cific ocean he died of fever and was buried at
sea. At the time his father died William was
four years old. He remained in Wisconsin
with his mother until ho reached manhood,
when he went to the western border of Iowa and
homesteaded a farm. In 1875 he returned to
Wisconsin and nntrried Miss Mary. I. Kinney,
a native of New York; went back to his Iowa
claim with his bride, and lived there until 1880.
That year he came to Oregon and rented land
in Polk county, and conducted farming opera-
tions here in that way four years. RetuMib^w
to Wisconsin at the ''nd of that time, he re-
mained a year, and in 188fi a<?ain came to Ore-
gon, this time settling in Dallas, where he has
since resided.

On taking iii) his abode in Dallas, Mr. Faull
purchased a half interest in the hardware estab-
lishment of Chambers »fc Son. Mr. (chambers
retired from the firm and Mr. Faull and the
junior Mr. Chambers onducted the business
about one year, when Mr, Chambers gold Ills

II iS

HISTORY OF OUKCIoy.

«71

interest to H. 13. CoBper of this city. Messrs.
Faiili & Gosper continued together (il)out two
years, wlien tiie latter retired, rielling out to Air.
Faull. who still continues the husiness. A[r.
Faull is an enerf^etic husiness man, and with
his excel lect stock of hardware at reasonable
prices, his store is a popidar resort for the resi-
dents within a radius of many miles. Mr.
Faull is a puiilic-spiriied man and is identified
with the best interests of the town. lie is a
member of the Masonic fraternity, and in poli-
tics is a Republican. While a resident of Iowa
lie was foraniimber of years Clerk of his town-
eliip, but since casting his lot in Dallas has
given close attention to business.

I^ON. JONATHAN STOUKFEH, ex-Judge
|M) of Folk county, Oregon, and a pioneer of
*^l 1851. was born in Franklin county, Penn-
sylvania, January 1, 1825. He is a descendant
of German ancestors, who were among the early
settlers of Fennsyhania. His parents were
Isaac and Sarah (Kershi.er) Stouffer, the latter
being a Virginian by birth and ancestry. They
had eight ciiildren, of whom five are living.
Daniel, a twin brother of Jonathan, died in
North Carolina in 1884.

The subject of our sketch was reared and ed-
ucated in liis native State, and there learned the
trade of blacksmith. lie removed to Indiana
in 1848, and in 1851 crossed the plains with ox
teams to Oregon, coming with James McCain
and paying his passage by driving team. He
had just six bits when he arrived in Oregon.
His tirst emj)loyment here was making rails at
La Fayette. He also worked at his trade as
journeyman, and later opened a shop and con-
ducted the same until the fall of 1853. In Oc-
tober of that year he came to his present
donation claim, two miles southwest of where
Hallston now is. He got only 160 acres, that
being the largest amount received by any of the
emigrants who came in 1851. In the spring
of 1853 Mr. Stouffer married Miss Agnes Mc-
Cain, a native of Indiana. It was with her
father and family that he .rossed the plains.
After their marriage they moved to his claim
and began life in a primitive way. He liad
bought his claim of a widow, and for it paid
$200. there being a small house on the place
and about a quarter of an acre cleared. i[r.

StoufFer had a span of horses, a wagon and a set
of blacksmith tools. Ho went to work in earn-
est to improve his land, prosperity attended his
efforts; froin time to time lie made purchases
of adjoining land, and now he owns 340 acres,
one of the finest farms in this section of the
country. Here ho has since lived and here he
exjiects to die.

Mr. and Mrs. StouU'er had three children:
the oldest, William, died wlien five years of
a.cfe. Daniel F. is a jfraduato of the classical
course at tiie Willamette Fniversity. He mar-
ried Miss Ellen Ilichter, a native of Indiana,
and has one child. They resident Dallas. The
youngest child, John, died at the age of thir-
teen years. Mrs. Stouffer departed this life in
1861. Hers was a beautiful chara<!ter — a de-
voted wife, a loving and indulgent mother.

Politically, Mr. Stouifer was a Democrat pre-
vious to the war. Since the orcanization of the
Republican party he has affiliated with it. In
186(5 he was elected a member of the Oregon
State Legislature, and served two years, during
which term he aided in the election of Hon.
Henry W. Corbett to the United States Senate.
The year in which Mr. Stouffer was elected was
a memorable one, on account of the closeness of
the election, he liaving only one majority, and
the largest majority being four. In 1888 he
was elected County Judge, and in that capacity
has made a good record for the past four years.
He has given his influenee toward the. advance-
ment of all public improvements consistent
with reasonable economy. He aided in the
building of the second bridge across the Willam-
ette at Salem. Since 1849 he has been a
member of the I. O. O. F. He was initiated in
Delphi Lodge, No. 28, in Indiana, and is a
charter member of Friendship Lodge, No. 6,
Dallas. He is a member of the Alcthodist
Church.

Personally, Judge Stouffer is a quiet and un-
assuming man. Few have a larger circle of
friends, and are hold in higher esteem than he.

■>>•{•<<♦ ^

tICHARD EVERT WILEY, an honored
Oregon pioneer, now deceased, came to
Oregon in 1845 in the same train with
Isaac Butler and others, Mr. Wiley was born
in Carthage, Hamilton county, Ohio, on the
23d of Septeinber, 1828. He was the son

hi:i

n I STORY OF OUKaON.

of Jolin Wiley, a imtivo of Ireland, and his
mother, Mrs. U. K. Wiley, nee Haldwiii, was
liorn August 1, 1840, in Sauvics island, in the
then Territory of ( )re!fon, and is said to have
liecn the first white female cliild horn west of
the liocky mountains. Mr. Wiley was raised
in ( 'arthagc, where he was educated and learned
the trade of a printer, working on the "Hawk
Eye" live years and received at the end of his
term, in 1844, a certificate recommending him
to the craft and signed hy James G. Edwards,
e liter. This recommendation is still kept and
treasured by Mr. AViley's son, AV. V.- Wiley,
of Ilillsboro.

He was in his twenty-second year when he
crossed the plains to Oregon. He began at
once to be prominent in the att'airs of the pio-
neers. He set up the -'Oregon Pioneer" on the
first press brought to the Territory. The paper
was published by Uev. J. F. Gutfin at his farm
at Tualitin plains, where the little band of
settlers deciaed to organize themselves into a
Territorial Government for their mutual pro-
tection. Mr. Wiley was active in tlie movement
and was chosen Sheriff of the Tualitin dis-
trict, comprising what is now known as
Clatsop, Columbia, Multnomah Tillamook, Wash-
ington and parts of Yam Uill and Clack-
amas counties. In 1851 he was made
Sergeaiit-at-Arras of the Territorial Legisla-
ture, then County Assessor and later Sher-
Sherifi' for several terms. lie performed good
service in the Yakima war, by carrying express
right through the Indian country at great risk
to his lite. During the war of the Rebellion on
the 27th day of June, 1803, he was appointed,
by (Tovernor A. C. Gibbs, Aide-de-camp, with
the rank of Captain, on the staff of Brigadier-
General Stephen CofHn, of the militia of the
State of < )regon.

He was one of the pioneers who cut the old
mountain from the plains to the Willamete,
where I'ortland now stands.

He was married July 24, 1855, to Miss M.
J. J'aldra, daughterof William and Maria C. Bal-
dra, who were married in 1835, in England, and
went to Hudson's J5ayin 1886, later in the same
year to Manitoba and from there to Oregon in
IS-ji). They had three children and were a most
worthy and highly esteemed couple, both of
them ari^ now dead.

Mrs. AVilpy presented her husband with two
sons and four (laughters, namely : W. D.Wiley;
Annie M., now Mrs. M. McDonald; W. V.

Wiley, a business man of Ilillsboro; Dora, now
the wife of V. E. Waters; Ella K. is the wife
of V. II. Mead; and Emma is still at school in
I'ortland.

Mr. Wilev's deatli occurred on the even-
ing of the '27th of May, 188!). He had
made hosts of friends, was a man of generous
impulses, genial disposition and unbending in-
tegrity, and such had been his honorable life
that he had the good-will of all who knew him.
His son, W. V. Wiley, was born in Washington
county, Oregon, August 7, 18(11. in a log cabin
near the present site of Ilillsboro Hotel. lie
was educated in the public school, and as soon
as he became a man he entered into the railroad-
ing business, and from that ho went to Ilills-
boro and established himself in tlie livery stable
business.

August 20, in 1890, he married ^liss Kate
M. McKinney, a native of Walla AValla, Wash-
ington, and the daughter of Charles McKinney,
also a pioneer of Oregon. They have one child,
whom they have named Kichard Evert, in mem-
ory of the grandfather of tlie little boy. Mr.
Wiley liolds the memory of his parents and
grandparents sacred.

Mr. Wiley is a member of the A. O. U. W.,
the K. of P. and the Foresters. He is a Re-
publican in politics and takes a deep interest
and pride in the State in which he was born and
in which his father was a pioneer.

§ON. lUA F. M. BUTLER, a valuable citi-
zen of Monmouth, Polk county, (Oregon,
and an honored pioneer of 1853', was born
in Kentucky. His ancestors came from Eng-
land to the colonies in the early history of the
country. His great-grandfather, Peter Bntler,
was a resident of Virginia, and lived to be 106
years of agel His grandfather, John Butler,
was born in Virginia, died in Illinois, in his
seventy-fifth year. Mr. Butler's father, Peter
Butler, was born in Kentncky, March 9, 1789.
He married Rachel Murphey, a native of Ten-
nessee, born April 2, 1788. She was the
daughter of John Murphey.

Mr. Bntler, the subject of this sketch, was the
oldest of a family or nine children, of whom
only three are now living. He was born in
Kentucky, May 12, 1812. He was reared and
educated there until his seventeenth year and

UiaTUItY OF OHKaoN.

(I'm

tlioii removed to llliiiuis, where lie waa for
seven years Clerk of tlie ('ircuit Court of War-
ren county, and was alwo Slieriff of that county
for five years'. He held the ottice of Justice of
the I'eaco for seven years more. lie crossed
the plains to Oregon in 1853, from Monmouth,
Illinois, and arrived in Polk county, August 0,
1853, where he has since made his home and
led a distinguished life. He saw some hard-
ships on the plain, liut their company came
through without a death. He took a donation
claim, between the Luukaniute river and Soap
creek, and near the mouth of the latter he
built the cheap home of the pioneer and resided
here for some time, then sold atid purchased
082 acres. On this property he built, improved
the land, raised stock and grain and prospered.
lie resided here for eighteen years and still
owns it. In 1873 he moved to Monmouth,
Oregon, where he built a line house on prop-
erty he purchased. Here he is spending the
evening of a well spent life. He is well known
and higidy respected throughout the county.

He was married November 5, 1835, to Miss
Mary Ann Davidson, daughter of Elijah Da-
vidson. They had four children in Warren
county: Newton H., A. D. and A. P. Their
daughter Alice was added to the family in Ore-
gon. His faithful wife was spared to him for
•fifty-three years and their married life has been
a most happy one. They celebrated their gold-
en wedding November 5, 1885, and had a most
enjoyable time of it, such as falls to the lot of
few families. Mrs. Butler survived three years
longer and died in June, 1888. She had at-
tained a beautiful old age. She was greatly be-
loved for her many endearing traits of character,
and it can well be said of her that she had per-
formed the duties of a dutiful wife and a kind
and indulgent mother.

Alice and Margaret, two daughters, reside
with their father and give him the best of care
in his declining years. The son, A. D., is en-
gaged in the horticultural business. Judge
Butler has taken a prominent part in public
offices of the county. He has always been a
lover of the principles of Jefferson. He served
three terms in the Oregon Legislature and in
1878 he was elected Judge of Polk county and
served faithfully until 1882. Since then he
has retired from public life. In 1832 this gen-
tleman onlisied in the Black Hawk war. He
then was young, active and brave, and he en-
joyed fighting the bloodthirsty Indians, who

kept up a runnitig warfare. Altiiough he was
very much exposed he came out without u
scratch.

Judire and Mrs. Butler were members if the
Christian ('hurch, and he was one of the found-
ers of the Christian College of Monmouth and
was President of its Board of Trustees for many
years. He also was one of the founders and
stockholders of the Polk County Bank at Mon-
mouth. He has been a man of judgment and
ability all his life. He has been a leader of
men and has been actuated by the highest mo-
tives, love to God and love to man, and he is
ready to say of Oregon, as one of old, "Lord,
lettest now thy servant depart in peace, for
mine eyes have seen thy salvation."

-=$*<

)>*^i=~

fE. PORTEliFIELI), a worthy pioneer of
1850 and well-to-do farmer of Polk county,
<» was born in Tennessee, June 1, 1818.
He is of Irish ancestors, who were early settlers
of Virginia, where his father, James Porter-
field, was born and married a Miss Patrick, a
descendant of one of the old families of Vir-
ginia. They had twelve children, all of whom
they reared to maturity, but our subject is the
only member of this large family now surviv-
ing. He was the youngest son, although there
A'ere two daughters still younger. He resided
in Tennessee until 1842, when he removed to
Missouri and resided there seven years. In
1850 he started for Oregon, making the trip in
the usual way. He joined a large emigrant
train and as some of them had no provisions
toward the end of the journey, Mr. Porterfield
divided with them, and as a result he and his
family were obliged to do without any bread
for six weeks, subsisting on beef atK.; cott'oe.
They made a safe journey, however, ai d after
six months of travel landed in Polk iounty,
where Mr. Porterfield took up a donation claim
on theLuckamute, seven miles southwest of the
present site of Independence. Here they lived
in their tent until a small cabin was built.
After residing on this property for seven years
he sold it and purchased a half section on the
Willamette, live miles south of Independence,
where he has since resided, engaged in general
farming.

Mr. Porterfield was married in 1843, to Miss
Isabel Patrick, and she died in childbirth, the

644

UIHTORY OF OREGON.

foUowiiiif yeiir, licr cliikl tlyiiiy with licr. In
1817 lie iiiari'ied Mr#. Kiitli Wiitsdii, a native of
Vii'j^iiiiii, l)urii ill 1807, and tliree chiklron wore
born to him by this marriage, in Minsouri.
Anotlier child was added to the i'atnily in Ore-
yon. The nunu'8 of his children are: Mrs.
lietijiiiniii Music, widow, residiiii^ in Cttlifornia;
Kliza i.enwood married Mark M. llall ami died
in her twenty-tit'tli year; Miles is married and
has four children and resides with his father;
Until Adelia was born in J'olk county ami died
in her eleventh year.

Jlr. and Mrs. I'ortertield reside in a comfor-
table home on the tine farm that their united
efforts have secured, and they are richly deserv-
ing of it. .Nfrs. Portertield is a member of the
Methodist Church, South, and her husban<l is
an ardent UemocTat. Jioth these good ]ieo])le
have seen the wilderness in Oreifon blossom
like the rose, and have seen many changes in
the county, where he iind his i:food wife came,
in 1850, to make a home for themselves and
their family.

'^>^;i?t '>><-'-^.>^<--

^OX JAMES M. TRACY, Logan, Clacka-
mas county, came to Oregon in 1852 and
is one of her widely known and highly re-
spected citizens.

lie was born in Jefferson county, Xew York,
February "-25, 1841. and is a descendant of Scotch-
Irish and Dutch ancestors, who settled in New
^'ork |u-evious to the Uevolntion. His grand-
father Tracy was in the colonial army and
fought for independence. Caleb E. Tracy, the
father (jt .lames M. Tracy, was born and reared
in New York, the ilate of his birth being .lan-
uary 2, 1817, and his wife, whose maiden name
was Lylia Minor, was also a native of .leiferson
county, Xew York. Two children were born to
them in that State, a daughter and son, the
former, l.ydia A. Tracy, dying in her sixth year.
With their son, the subject of this sketch, they
left New York on the first of September, 1849,
en route for the far West. They wintered in
Iowa 'I'liey had shipped wagons from New
Y'ork to Chicago and had purchased two yoke
of oxen, and with this outfit they started across
the plains. At Salt Lake City they sojourned
two months, a little daughter being added to
their family at that place, whom they named
Sarah M. (She is now Mrs. Milton Applegate.)

They spent the summer where Ogden is now
located, and from there came on thiough to
the Willamolte valley. On the Kith of Nlarch,
1853, they settled on their donation claim.
Here they resided until 1870, when Mr. Tracy
sold out to his son and he and his wife traveled
with their invalid daughter. Later, he estab-
lished his home in ])ougla8 county, where he
was enijaged in the mercantile business for a
number of years, his son being a partner with
him. James M. Tracy was eleven years old
when he came to this State. He rode a pony and
made himself useful by driving loose stock
across the plains. After their settlement in the
Willamette valLiy he attended school in a little
log schoolhouse, for six months, four miles from
his home. Dr. Lobwood being his teacher. lie
subsequently went to school at Springwater,
for six months andthat was all the schooling
begot. When thirteen years old, his father sent
him to the south part of the State, 200 miles,
to dispose of a band of cattle, which he did.
Meeting a California drover, he made a good
sale, and brought the money home to his father,
.fanuary 20, 1800, he married Miss Drucilla
Warnook, who was born in Indiana, September
27, 1841, daughter of Presley Warnock. The
Warnock family came to Oregon in 1853. Her
father died here in 1869- Air. and Mrs. Tracy
have had six children, namely: Ada, wife of b.
W. King, resides on the old Tracy claim;
George Albert, who died in his fourteenth year;
Charles N., William M., James M., Jr., and
Kalph M. Mr. Tracy has been a Republican
all his life. He was elected to the office of
Justice of tbe Peace and served one term, at
the end of that time declining to serve longer.
In 1890 he was electee] to the State Legislature,
ami as a member of that honorable bod}' per-
formed his duty in a manner that reiiected
credit to himself and his constituents.

tOHERT H. WALKER, an Oregon pio-
neer of 1852, and a prominent farmer of
Washington county, was born in the
State of Missouri, March 15, 1841. His father,
William K. Walker, was born in Baltimore,
Maryland, April 13, 1808, of Scotcli-Irish an-
cestry. Grandfather Rev. Archibald Walker
was rector of St. Paul's Chnrch in Baltimore
for twenty years, up to the time of his death. Ho

iiiaroiir of oitKaoif.

r,;.-)

irmrricil Miss Mary Everett, and lliyy Imvo five
children, of wlioin William E. (our siil>j(H't's
father) was tlie third horn. ( I nindmother Walker
died in her tifty-fifth year, and Grandfather
Walker was sixty when he died.

William E. Walker was educated in the city
of Baltimore and j^radiiated in the English
course in his tit'tteenth year. After this he was
secretary of the tTnion Cotton Nfanufactory until
ho was twenty-one. lie then removed to Zanes-
ville, Ohio, and opened a general merchandiBe
store, wiiieh hi^ eoiiducted successfully for five
years. Next we find him at Booneville, Missouri,
and later at Sedalia, same State. At the latter
place he purchased lands, engaged in farming,
and remained there twelve years. May 5, 1833,
ho marrieil in Zanesville, Ohio, Miss Hannah
Harlem, who was horn in Maryland, ilay 24-,
1812. daughter of Joshua and Uehorah (Cother)
Harlem. Three chihlren were horn to them in
the East, namely; Maria Louisa, Archibald A.
and Robert H. With his wife and three chil-
dren, he left his home in J'ettis county, Missouri,
April 2'J. 1852, hound for Oregon. They traveled
with ox teams and were six months and eleven
days on tlie journey; arrived at Portland No-
vember 10. When near Fort Kearney they
were attacked with cholera and seventeen of
their party died of it within three days. Mrs.
Walker had an attack, but recovered. At the
same time one of their sons had the mountain
fever. He, too, recovered, and they landed in
Oregon with an unbroken family circle. They
came direct to Washington county and i)ur-
chased the right to tlie donation claim on which
their son, the subject of our sketch, now resides,
and here in a log house in the woods they estab-
lished their home, and on this farm spent the
rest of their lives. The father dieil December
IG, 188(5, the mother, February 11, 1889. They
were reared Episcopalians, but at the time of
deach were not members of any church. Their
lives were characterized hy Christian acts and
by honest industry and few of the early settlers
were held in higher esteem than they.

At the death of his father, Kobeit H. inher-
ited the 320 acres, on which he now lives and on
which he has passed thirty-nine years of his life.
From time to time he has bought other property
and at this writing owns over a thousand acres
of land in this county. The residence in which
he lives was built in 18G1. Mr. Walker has
also invested in b.ink stock, having an interest
in the Ilillshoro Bank.

May 24, 1871, lie was married, in Missouri,
to Miss li'achel (!offey, who was Imrn in I'ettis
county, that State, July 8. 1848, daughter of
Colonel \. M. Coffey, of Johnson county, .Mis-
souri. They have four children: Archibald A.,
Mary i^., Laura G., and W^illie I',.

Politically, Mr. Walker athliates with the
Demociatic party. He is widely and favorably
known as an enterprising and successful farmer.

iOllIUS H. PEUKIXS, a prominent farmer
of Xorth Yarn Hill, was horn on his
father's donation claim, the ])lacc on which
he now resides, Octoiier 27, 1851.

His father, John Perkins, an honored Oregon
pioneer of 1845, was born in Genesee coui\ty,
New York, August 21, 1811. The ancestors of
the family came from Flngland at an early day
and settled in that county. In 1882 Grand-
father Eli Perkins moveil from New York to
Tippecanoe county, Indian.i, and in that State
John Perkins was subse(piently married to Miss
Sarah Felix, a native of Pennsylvania. They
had four children. In the spring of 1844 they
emigratcil from Benton county, Indiana, to
Oregon. Grandfather Perkins and family also
crossed the plains with ox teams at the same
time, all iin1)ued with the hopeof obtaining 040
acres of rich land in the mild climate of the
Pacific coast. To accomplish this journey and
secure the land they braved many dangers an 1
privations, but never regretted the undertak-
ing. North Yam Hill was to them the land of
promise, and with its wooded liills and grass-
<'overed valleys it presented a pleasing prospect.
Grandfather Perkins located his land near La
Fayette. As he grew old he retired from the
farm ami lived with Iiis daughter, ]\Irs. Daniel
Johnson, in La Fayette, where his death
occurred. John Perkins took his donation
claim of t!43 acres at North Yam Hill, and
here he built his cabin and began pioneer life.
He built the first gristmill and one of the first
sawmills in the county, and became a prominent
factor in the settlement and development of this
section of the country. He was a stockholder
in the building of the woolen factory at Oregon
City, the first factory of the kind on the Pacific
coast. His efforts seemed to result in jmisper-
ity from the very first, and as soon as he was
able he purchased a section of land adjoining

076

BiaTORT OF oitmoN.

hii

IiIh uliiiiii uiid iiiiotliL'i' BL'ctidn in tliu Aiiiriu
(•(iiiiity, and lis llic }fiiirt went l)y iiivi'stcd in
otiiiT tracts of land, ln'coniin;; onu of tin; largest
lundlioldors in tiie IStiifc. He wax largely in-
terested in jfi'iieral farming' and stock laisinj;.
in a single year lie raised as iiif^li as U.tiOO
imsiielh of wlieat and ."J, ()()() liusliels of oats, lie
died Marcli 'iti, l'S^(i, in liis seventy sixtii year,
ami left a widow and nine children. A man
of marked Ixisiness aliiiity and the iii;;liest in-
tci^rity ot' (!hara(^ter, he hail the contidente and
respect of all who knew him.

Norris II. I'erkins, whose name heads this
article, was rcaretl (mi his father's farm aiul was
educated in the district school and \\w academy
at La Fayette. He married Misi- Mniina (ilan-
liin.H native of Iowa anil a dani^hter of l*"ielden
(Tlandin. [\ sketch (d' Mr. (Mandin will lie
found elsewhere in this work.) They have six
children: Minnie I'., l'",lsie E., Krnion (Htic,
Lolo 1'., ('loan (". and Vera V.

After the death of his father the estate was
divided, and Norris II. received iis his portion
the place on which he was horn and some other
valnahle tracts of land, lie now owns iJ7B
acres, all of which he has under cultivation,
and he also eidtivates 200 acres of other land.
His comforfaiile residence commands a vi(>w of
his hroad acres and a iKautifid stretch of conn-
try, one of the richest and most delii.;htfnl sec-
tions of the iState. He is interested in raising
tine stock, keeping Durham cattle, Norman-
I'ercheron horses and tine Cotswold sheep.

Mr. Perkins is an Odd l'"ellow and a mend>er
of the Grange, having served as Master of the
latter. He is a Democrat, but is not an active
jjolitician. As a hnsiness man and citizen he is
held in high esteem by all who know him.

iLdXSON P. HAMMOND, Postmaster of
Ashland, was horn in ^\'ayne county, New
York. December 'J, 182!l/ason of John M.
Hammond, a native of Massachusetts. The
Hammonds were among till' early and intluen-
tial families i^f that State, luiving settled there
early in the seventeenth century. The mother
of our subject, nee Elijiabeth Lawson, was horn
in New York, a daughter of Richard Lawson,
an Englishman by birth, a soldier in the Britisii
army, and canie to America with Buigoytie.
He was iicld j)risoner many months, and was

tiiuilly exchanged and mustered out of service,
but never returned to his luitivo country. Mr.
and Mrs. Ilaminond removed from Now York
to Ashtabula county, Ohio, but two years later
located in Lagrange county, Indiana. .

Alonson P., the fourth in a family (1 tivo
children, attended the public schools in the lat-
ter county, also took a coiirse at Ontario, and
completed his collegiate studies at Ashbury
llniversit;,, (ireencastle, Indiana, in 1851. He
became a law student in the office of Andrew
Ellison, of Lagrange, immediately after gradu-
ation, and was admitted to the bar in the *'all
of 1852. practicing a short time he engaged
in the milling business with his father until
18511, then resumed the practice of law in < 'lant
county, Wisconsin, for a time; foUowfld I'aitn-
ing two years; was engaged in manul. ' i.g
agricidtural implements at Mineral Point; and
in 18()8 removed to Yankton, Dakota, where he
remained eight years, and five years of that
time was sjient in lumbering. Air. Ilammoml
was at one time a member of the Legislature,
and also represented the Lancaster District in
Wisconsin during the terms 18()5-'0n. He and
his associates continued lumbering at Yankton
until 1875, when our subject sold his interest
and went to Reno, Nevada, and engaged in
flume building, in the interest of Flood &
O'Prion. In October, of the same year, his
family joined him at Reno, and together they
came to Ashland, where Air. Hammond followed
millwrighting several years. He was first ap-
pointed Postmaster in 1882, and held the office
about five years. During his term it was raised
from a fourth to a third rate office. Mr. Ham-
mond has been engaged in real-estate business
and fruit-growitig. His second appointment as
Postmaster was in June. 1890. His two daugh-
ters, (irace and Katie assist him in the office,
and in this capacity have proven themselves the
most efficient and popular deputies the city has
ever had.

Mr. Hammond has been twice married, first
in Lagrange, Indiana, November (i, 1852, to
Elizabeth Sehermerhorn, a native of Syracuse,
New York. She died June 14, 1809, leaving
three children: Albert li., Sarah J., now the
wife of James Devoe, of Yankton, Dakota, and
John U. The second marriage was consum-
mated at Yankton, March I, 1872, with Mrs.
Emma J. Howard, nee Black, a native of Illi-
nois. To this union has been born six children:
Grace, Frank L., Katie, Nellie, Thomas W. and

tttSTOUY Oh' ORFiaON.

nti

Uoberf H. Mrs. Ilammoiid \\a» a daugliter hy
her foriiior marriiifre, Eiiiiiia I''. Howard, wlio
has lietsn conneeted with Wells- Fargo Kxpress
Company several years. Ahoiit two yearn ago
she was appointed their agent at Ashland. She
is a lady of rare executive ahility, and handles
the vast hiisineHS that passes through her office
with minute accuracy. In political matters,
Mr. Hammond casts his vote with the Uepubli-
can party.

CHJ.IAM l'\ MiCAW, architect, Port-
land, Oregon, was horn in Dublir., Ire-
land, in March, 1850. His ancestry
were Scotch- English, and among them were
men of prominence in professional and army
life. His parents, John and Martha (Conway)
McCaw, removed to Belfast in 185G, where tlie
father conducted an extensive business in archi-
tecture and building.

William F. was educated in private schools
at Belfast, and at the age of twelve took his
first lessons in drawing at the Model School
of that city. At the age of fifteen he then took
up the study of architecture with his father, at
which he labored assiduously for six years,
devoting three years to theory and three years
to [)ractice in construction and building. He
completed his first set of plans at the age of
eighteen years, and then superintended the con-
struction. He enjoyed the best of opportunities
under his father's guidance, and was very pro-
ficient in every detail of work.

In 1872 young McCaw left his native land
and set out to find new fields of labor. He first
visited Toronto, and was there employed as
head draughtsman in the oflice of William Ir-
ving, with whom he remained for three years.
He tlien opened an office of his own and con-
ducted the same until 1881. At that time, on
account of failing health, he decided to seek a
milder climate, and came to the Pacific coast.
Traveling through Wasliington and California,
lie arrived at Portland in April, 1882, with a
letter of introduction to Warren II. Williams,
with whom lie subsequently became engaged.
Some months later he entered into partnership
with E. Burton. A sliort time afterward, how-
ever, this partnership was dissolved and he re-
turned to the employ of Mr. Williams, with
whom he remained until January, 1884. He

theti opened an independent otlicc, and conducted
the same successfully for a number of years.
Amongthe prominent bnililings of his design and
^<uperintendence are the First Regiment Armo-
ry, First Presbyterian, (irace Methodist, and
United I'rcsbyteriant'hurches, Port hind Cordnge
Works and many of the haiidsoino residences of
the city. In 1888 the firm of McCaw & Martin
was established, and in June, 18U1, the firm of
McCaw. Martin & White, which is one of the
prominent architectural firms of the city. They
designed the Dekiim Block. Portland University
buildings. Woman's Home, (iilman House,
Skidniore Block and many of the more elegant
residencea.

Mr. McCaw was married in Toronto in 1874,
to Miss S. A. Wardiaw, a native of Belfast.
They have two children. (Jeraldine S. and Jo-
sephine.

Ho is a member of the A. (). U. W., K. of
P. and one of the National Union. He is First
Lieutenant and Engineer officer on the Staff of
(!olonei Charles F. Beebe, First Keginient,
Oregon National (iiiards, and is now engaged
in enlisting the p]ngiiieer Corps of tlie regiment.

AMUEL COAD, one of the most highly
respected citizens of Dallas, I'olk county.
Oregon, came here in 185iJ. when this
State was a Territory, and has since been iileiiti-
fied with its best interests.

Mr. Coad was born in Pennsylvania, February
19, 1833, son of John and Jane (Jell'rey) Coad,
both natives of lingland. His parents had six-
teen children, eleven born in England, and five
in the United States. Emigrating to this
country with six children, they settled on a
farm in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania.
In 1842 they moved to Iowa, ami took up their
abode on the frontier, and there the parents
spent the rest of their lives, the father dying
at the age of eighty years, and the mother at
seventy-six. Seven of their children are now
"living. One sou is in his eighty-third year,
and one daughter, a resident of Pennsylvania, is
eighty-five.

Mr. Coad learned the carpenters' trade in
Iowa, 'and when he was twenty came to Ore-
gon, working his passage across the plains by
driving a team for John Wolverton. They ar-
rived at Foster's on the 12th of September,

Ipf 4:i

HtSTOnr Of OREGON.

1853. Coming on \u Siiluiii, Mr. Coiid took the
liret employment that offered, wiiich wps work
in a hotel, for C. Duboice. After a time he
was promoted to second steward, at a salary of
of 830 per month, ami was set to niakinij; parti-
tions, hani^ing doors, and doini^f other carpenter
work. Being kept at this kind (if work, and
not receiving carpenters" wages, he decided to
qnit work. His employer tried to drive him at
the mnzzle of his pistol, i)nt fonnd he eonld not
succeed, and then refused to |)ay him for what
work he had done. Voung Coad, however,
brought suit, and secured his pay.

In the fall of 1853 he came to I'olk county,
and was cnployed by John I'hillips in ijuilding
a house. Tiie following Sj)riiig he wont to the
llogue river counti'y. nrospecting for gold. lie
traveled with pack animals to the liig bend of
Rogue river, at whicli place he and his ))arty
were attacked by Indians, and compelled to re-
tire. Tiiey then went to Jacksonville and dug
for gold for a time, l>ut as they were not very
successful, soon abandoned the occupation. Mr.
Coad returned to Polk county, and worked for
Mr. Phillips another year. We ne.xt tind Idin
at the liUckamute, working at ^he carpenters'
trade, in partnership with J. .1. Williams, and
later he worked for the (lovernment, building
block houses. When the Indian war broke out
in 1855, lie volunteered his services, went to
the front, and was in the engageiiren ", at Snake
river. He was snbsetpiontly disauled i>y an ac-
cident, and returned. Later, we rind him build-
ing the fort in King's valley, under contract
from the Government.

In the spring of 185'<, he was married in Polk
county, and settled on the Luckamute, wiiere
he took up 140 acres of land. Here he farmed
live or si.x years. At the end of that time he
purchased a farm just lielov Dallas, having pre-
viously disposed of his other property. He
rented his laud and worked at hi^ trade, con-
tracting iK.I building. He was oni; of the
builders of Mio first woolen fact(.ries here. He
subsequently purchased an interest in a drug
liusiness in Dallas, in pai'tncrHUip witii his
brother-in-law. IJ. F. Xieliols, and was success-
fully engaged in the same until his iiealth failed.
He then sold his inten-sl in the store, and pur-
chased a slicc|) rancli west of Dallas. Since
then he has dealt in lands, loaned money, etc.,
and has ([uietly and steadily ])rospeieil. lie is
now a stockholder and director of the Dallas
City Bank.

Mr. Coad's marriage in 1858, has already been
referred to. The lady he wedded. Miss Henri-
etta Gilliam, daughter of General Gilliam,
was born in 18-12, and came to Oregon in 1844.
In 1875, after seventeen years of married life,
deatli summoned ilrs. Coad to her last home.
She left five children, as follows; James Fran-
cis, a business man of Dallas; Chester Gilbert,
who served two terms as County Clerk, is now
cashier of the Dallas City Dank; Mary Fllen
is tint wife of .1. B. Stump; Henrietta; and
Maggie Nora, wife of T. I>. Powell, died in her
twenty-si.Nth year, leaving two children. In
1878 Mr. Coad married Aliss Annie McNeal, a
native of Neljraska, and a lady of culture and
refinement. She has a talent for oil paint-
ing, and the i),Muitiful j)ietures of Oregon's un-
rivaled scenery, which adorn their horn;!, are
her own work. They have two children, .lasper
K. anu George R.

Mr. (Joad has been a luemiier of the Masonic
fraternity for over thirty years. He was one of
the organizers of the Republican party in his
county, and has since been a member of its
ranks.

Such is a brief sketch of one of Oregon's
worthy citizens and honored pioneers.

«-♦

r^ > .. H^ i. c CC-l

fO S E P II P A IJ U E T, a reputable and es-
teemed citizen of Oregon's metropolis, was
born in St. Louis, Missouri, on March 19.
1841. His father. Francis X. Paquet, is a na-
tive of Canada, where he was born on .Ian nary
15. 1811. On tiie I2th of July, 183(J, his fa-
ther married Marie Louise Lannadier de Lang-
dean, a luitive of St. Louis, who was born in
1818. Both parents were of P'rench ancestry.
They had twelve children, only four of whom
aie now living. His father was a shipbuilder
by trade. He served with valor In the Black
Hawk wai-. of which he is a respected veteran.
In 1^52 he made the long, wearisome journey
overland to Oregon, and now resides in the me-
tropolis, still happy, at eighty-one years of age,
in tlie society of his wife, the partner for fifty-
six vears of his soi-rowa and "ares, she being
1 1892) seventy four years old. In making the
jonrney tc the far West, they started from St.
Louis, Missouri, on May 1, 1852, going tlienco
t<) St. Joseph by steamer, whence they started
.ivciiand wifli four wagons, fifteen yoke of o.xen,

niSrOKT OF OHEaON.

two cows and two horses. After many excitini;
experiences too numerous to incorporate here,
tliey arrived at the Dalles, on September 22,
when at length tliey made boats of their wagon
beds, and Hoated in them down the (k)hunbia
river to the Cascades, and there took passage on
the steamer Mnltnomah, arrivin^jat Portland on
October 10, 1852. Here they wintered, mov-
ing about the 1st of May, 1853, to Canemah,
and in the tall of 1854, they occupied the prop-
erty since known as the Paquet Donation Claim,
on which tliey imve built, and which they have
brought to a high state of cultivation.

Our subject relates the following reminis-
cence of the steamer Multnomah: a shaft ex-
tended across the deck from wheel to wheel,
which was about two feet above the deck, there
being .steps for the passengers to walk up and
over it. At either side of the boat were benches
for the passengers to sit on. One day a man
went to sleep on the bench, and his coat-tail
caught on the sliaft, which wound it up, and be-
gan to tear it off from him, very near severely
injuring the man before the shaft could be
stopped. This caused great excitement on the
boat. The wagon boxes in which they came
down the river, were fastened together, making
a kind of raft; but on coming to the rapids,
they were obliged to unload, seperate the wagons
and carry them on their slioulders over the
rough mountains, around the i-apids; tlieir things
having al.^o to be carried in the same way, making
it a tedious undertaking, entirely unexpected to
them, and requiring the most determined effort
to accomplish. On their arrival at Portland,
they had no place in which to live, exceptiiig a
cheap warehouse near the Ainsworth dock,
wliicli had had hogs stored in it, and which
was in a very bad condition. They cleared it
out, put a partition across it, and spent the
winter there, which was a hard one, being a very
uncomfortable time for them. They were at
Canemah for two years, and he with the other
children, were sent to seliool there. It was
taught by .1 ndgc Shatiock and a lady teacher.
She taught the boys, while the Judge taught
the girls. ( )ur subject subsecjuently learned the
boat-builder's trade of his father, ainee when he
has been a contractor of boats, wharves and
dykes, lie built the first wing dam built by
the <TOvernmcnt on the Willamette river, blow-
ing out the first rock to clear the channel, and
making the lirst dykes in the Willamette river
and slough, lie has been, for the past eight

years, a member of the iirm of Piupiet & Smith.
They have pile drivers and build railroads, boats,
wharves, warehou.ses, raise sunken steamers, and
other matters of the kind, and do a very large
business. They built the foundation of tlie
Madison street bridge. Mr. Paquet was one of
tlie incorporators of the Citizen's National Hank,
of which he is a director and stockholder. lie
was one of the incorporators of the East Port-
land Gas Light Company, and was president for
several years, until they sold to another com-
pany. Mr. Paquet was also one of the incor-
porators of the East Side Light and Water Com-
pany, of which he was a director until they sold
the plant to the city, lie has several ranches
and considerable city property. He lias added
much to the interest of the city by the various
buildings he has erected, llis own residence in
East Portland, is an ornament to the city, being
a modern ami tasteful structure, surrounded
with attractive grounds.

lie was married in 1870 to Miss Elizabeth
Plattenberger, a native of Baltimore, Maryland.
They have a son and daughter. Mary li., was
born in Canemah; and Joseph D., is a true son
of Portland.

In politics, our subject is a Republican, tak-
ing an interest in public affairs, having been for
years a director of the schools and chairman of
the Board.

During his many years of residence of the
metropolis, he has steadily grown in the esteem
of his fellow-citizens, as a man of fidelity to
trusts, integrity of purpose, and of intelligence
and public-spirit.

tON. WALTER M. WALKER, one of the
highly esteemed citizens of S|)ring Valley,
Polk connty, Oregon, came to this State
in 1848. He was a Virginian by birth, having
been born Jidy 23, 1814, in that State. Ilia
father, Adam Walker, was born in the colony
of Virginia, February 12, 1773. The Ameri-
can founder of the name, also Adam Walker,
emigrated from Ireland and settled in I'enn-
sylvania, where lie married Miss Agnes Davis.
They had eight cliildren, and the oldest child,
Adam, was the subject's father. Ho married
Miss Mary Doak, a native of Virginia, and they
had five cliildren, of whom all but one are
living, and thrse of the sons are in Oregon,

CsO

iirsTonr of oufcaoy.

Our 8iil)ject was tliu ekicst cliilil, and in iiJB
sixteenth year the family reinoveil to Missouri,
in 1829, wliere the parents resided during the
remainder of tlieir lives, the father dying April
27, 1835, and the mother July 28, 1812.

Our Kuliject married, in rike county, Mis-
souri, .Inly (), 184;}, Miss .fane Mackey. a native
of Missouri, and daughter of Captain ,)oiin
Mackey, a native of South Carolina, born Janu-
ary 24, 17'J1. ]\Ir. and Mrs. Walker had one
child born to them in Missouri, Mary Virginia.
Mr. Walker's brothers, C. C. and Wellington
li., had made the painful journey to Oregon in
1845, where they remained until 1847, when
W. 1j. Walker returned to Missouri in company
with fifteen otliers, in a pack train. He gave
such enthusiastic accounts of the resources of
that great Territory, that Mr. W^alker. wife and
child, left their home in Missouri, in April,
1848, and started, with ox teams and wagon, to
cross the plains. They took some loose cattle
and horses with them, ami such provisions as
were thought necessary. Tliey joined a com-
pany of iiftyfive wagons and a large number
of men, women anil children, many of whom
have since passed away, after serving the State
of their adoption in various ways. They had a
safe journey, not one death occurring, and Mr.
Walker came direct to Spring Valley upon ar-
rival in Oregon. Here he took a donation
claim, on which he has since resided. He came
to the West to make a home for his family, and
his praisewortliy efforts have been crowned with
success, as he has now the satisfaction of own-
ing one of the finest farms in the county, ail
secured by his own industry and economy. He
and his good wife enjoy the comforts that their
work has earned. They are very much attached
to their home, and could jiot be pursuaded to
leave it for any home, However grand. Mr.
Walker argues timt no pioneer, who has toiled
to nuike such a home as his is, should want to
leave it for any other place. This gentleman is
now in his seventy-eigiith year of his life, and
is a well-preserved miiu for his years. He has
a kind, intelligent and benevolent face, and his
Boeiety is very enjoynble. So honest and up-
right has been his life that he enjoys the good-
will and esteem of every one who has the lionor
of his acfuuiintancc.

After his arrival in the valley ho becai.ie a
useful factor in the developuu'Ut of the county.
With his neightiors lu' formed a company whicii
built a warehouse for the storage and shipment

of grain, and he was made president of the
company. He also took stock and aided in the
building of the first steamer of the People's
Protective Transportation t^ompany, whereby
they were able to get their produce to market at
greatly reduced rates. This aided very much in
the settlement of the county. As he became
able he added another half section to his farm,
making 900 acres in all.

Mr. and ^[rs. Walker have had five children,
namely: Mary Virginia, now Mrs. J. L. Pur-
vine, resides near her father; Susan Missouri,
now Mrs. Dr. I). W. Jeffries, of Salem; Nancy,
now ^[rs. D. G. Henry, resides near her father;
Laduska Jane, wife of James K. Sears, resides
at McC'oy; and Dora is still at home with her
parents.

Mr. Walker was elected County Coirimissioner
and Justice of the Peace in 1849, but he says
that there was nothing for them to do, in the

unsettled state of the county. In 1850 ho was
elected a member of the Territorial Legislature.
Mr. and Mrs. Walker are worthy members of
the Baptist Church, and aided in building tiie
church edifice. They liberally contribute to the
support of this same churcli, in which they are
highly esteemed. These two old peo])le feel
that tiiey have much to be thankful for, as they
view tlieir five daughters and fifteen grand-
children, all in pleasant homes, and these five
daughters regard with a veneration the kind
parents who guarded them from all trouble in
their youthful days.

3f5*»-^

ILKV W. ^[AV, who is ranked with the
early pioneers of Oregon, he having
arrived here in 1847, is one of the
rcjiresentative '.'itizens of Clackamas county.

Mr. May was born in Illinois, October 15,
ISiio, a descendant of Knglish ancestry. His
grandfather, John May, a Iveutuckian by birth,
was oiu- of the pioneers of Illinois. He died in
Illinois, aged sixty-six years. Thonuis W,. the
second of his eleven children, and the father of
Wiley W., was born in Kentucky, December 9,
1812. He was nineteen when the family went
to Illinois, in which State, Set)temi)er 20, lS32,
he married Miss Caroline NfcNealy. lie was a
soldier in the Plack Hawk war. On a farm in
Illinois he resided fifteen years, and he and his
wife became the parents of iive children, tiiree

HISTORY OF OIIEGOX.

881

Bons and two daughters. April 1, 1847, he and
his family started across the plains for Oregon,
and reached their destination on the 1st of Oc-
toher following, having had the measles while
e!i route. Upon tlieir arrival here, Mr. May
settled on the Molalla, on a doi::vlioii claim of
640 acres, where he bui't the rude log cabin of
the pioneer. As sooii as possible he purciiased
nursery trees, gi''ing $25 for a few small ones
that ho could jitrry in his hands, and in five
years from the time of plantin<^ he sold f750
worth cf apples from them. Jlis son Wiley
haulcil tliem to Oregon City, from where they
wore shipped to San Francisco, where they
hrought fabulous prices. Some of these apples
measured four and a half inches in diameter.
Their farm was in the midst of the timber, and
they expended much hard labor in clearing and
improving it. The father subsequently sold it
to one of his sons, and from 1806 up to the
time of his death, March (!, 1880, 'he lived on
land belonging to his son, Wiley W. Ilis wife
departed this life December 13, 1859, in her
forty-seventh year. Both were devoted Chris-
tians, he a Baptist and she a Alethodist. Later
in life, however, he joined the Congregational-
ists, as there was no Baptist Church near him.
He served two years as Commissioner of Clack-
amas county. Four of his children who crossed
the plains in 1847 are still living: Harvey B..
a resident of Canemah, is married and has a fam-
ily of nine children. Sophia married Everett
Noyer. and has seven children. They live in
Washington. Delia married I'eter Noyer, and
has five children, they also being residents of
Washington. Stephen L. died in his eighteenth
year.

Wiley W. May was thirteen years old when
he landed in Oregon. In 1850, when in his
siAteenth year, he went overland to California
with his father. They mi.'itd during the winter
of 1860-'51, and in the spring returned to
Oregon with 1^2,500 in gold. The largest piece
they found was worth S78. He remained with
his fiiUu r until he was twenty years old, at
which time his father gave him 19() acres of
land. October 1. 1857, he married Miss Vir-
ginia Worshain, a native of Kentucky, born
October 13, 1841, daughter of Kobert N. Wor-
sham. After their marriage they resided on
the farm until 1876, when he sold out and they
r( moved to Oregon City in order to give their
children the bcuetit of better educational facili-
ties. After two years he purchased property

two miles south of Oregon City, on which he
lived two years. At the end of that time ho
bought 160 acres of his father's donation claim,
two years later again returned to Oregon City,
and after spending a year there, bought fifty
acres of land six miles southeast of Oregon
City, where they now have a comfortable homo
anU r.re engaged in agricultural and horti-
cultural pursuits.

Mr. and Mrs. May have had twelve children;
The oldest, Charles William, died when fourteen
months old. Henry W., of Brouerville, Ed-
ward E., of Elyville, and Lewis L., of Lents,
are all married. Mary E., wife of Henry
Nicholson, resides at Forest Grove; Uorali E.
is the wife of Horace Williams, and resides at
Oregon City; Olive E. is the wife of Captain
William Exon, and lives in Portland. The
others, Oscar M., Aimeta E., Ida E., Jennie F.
and Bertha E., are at home.

Mr. and Mrs, May are members of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church. Politically, Mr. May
affiliates with the Republican party. He is an
earnest worker in the temperance cause. Kind-
hearted, public-spirited and generous, he has
the respect and esteem of all who know him.

)W^

IlLLIAM R. JOHNSON, an Oregon
pioneer of 1852, and a well-to-do farmer
of Yam Hill county, was born in Ohio,
April 2, 1824. His father, Richard Johnson,
was born on the Atlantic Ocean, of Irish par-
ents, on the voyage to America. He was reared
in Ohio, and married Milbrey Graves, a native
of North Carolina. They had seven children,
five of whom are now living, the subject of our
sketch being the third in order of birth.

Our subject was roared on a farm in Indiana,
to which State his parents moved in an early
day, while the country was yet wild and unset-
tled. He attended the district school at La
Fayette, that State, and some time later went to
Arkansas, and was afterward married there to
Miss Del Steward, an estimable lady, the
daughter of Mr. John Steward, a well-known
resident of Indiana. Tl.ey had one child, which
was born in Indiana, aiul which ihey named
Laura.

\iy this time o • subject had heard of tlm
marvelous opportunities afforded to settlers in
Oregon, by reason of the rich soil and congenial

.ill

682

niSTOllY OF OHEOON.

cliirjate and the lari^c donations of land bestowed
on actnal residents liy the (iovernnient. Ac-
cordingly, on March 24, 1852, lie with his wife
and child and his mother, started with oxen,
horses and three wajjons, on the long jonrney
across the plains to Orciron. They traveled
most of the way alone, and had a safe and

Cleasant trip. They had either tish or some
ind of i;ame nearly every day, which lie pro-
cured !)v fishing and hunting, which lie enjoyed
very niucli. The teams, with which he started,
brought them through to La Fayette, Yam llill
county, Oregon, and to his donation claim, sit-
uated seven miles northwest of the present site
of ilcMiniiville. At that time, there was no
city of McMinnvil!. . but there were a few good
pioneers in the county, anioiig whom he remem-
bers Dr. Ale Bride, W. I>. Adains, .lames Mc-
Giness, Dr. Sitton and Zebediah Slielton.

He liad no money, but liired money at three
per cent a month, and paid Mr. M. Mctiiness
for his claim of 820 acres. I'>y increasing in-
dustry and economy, he was enabled, in time, to
prove up on Ids land, and pay ids indebtedness,
since when he has continued to reside on iiis
farm. He and his family resided at first in a
log cabin, which he l)uilt. experiencing the
usual vicissitudes of a pioneer. Finally, lie
erected their present large and comfortable
residence, where lie now resides, relieved uf all
the hard work of the farm, which he leaves to
his son and the other young men connected
with iiini. To his original purchase he has
aildcd from time to time many other purchases,
until his original claim is enlarged to 700 acres
of the choicest farming lan<l in this beautiful
valley, besides this, he owns several other
tracts of valuable land in the vicinity.

Six more children were born in Oregon:
Alice Ct., wife of Mr. .lolin Stallcop, resides in
this vicinity; J-illie If., wife of M. II. Mes-
senger, also resides in this neighborhood ; two
daughters, Agnes and Kate, are unmarried;
while the son, (i. II., is at home with his father.

The faitliful wife! and devoted mother died in
ISfi'J. She was a woman of superior ability and
of rare Christian character, and was greatly
lamented by her family and friends.

In 1882 Mr. .lohnson married Miss Mary
Shumway, an estimable lady, and a native of
Wasco county. ( )regon. She is a daughter of
Mr. Aurora Shumway, a well I<ik)wii and highly
I'espected Oregon pioneer. They have two

children, Lulu and Willie, who are jiroinising
young Oregonians.

Mr. Johnson is a Itepublican in politics, but
takes no active jiart in public all'airs, ilesiring
only the election of good men to otHce.

He is a member in good standing of the I.
O. O. F., in the welfare of which society he
takes a deep interest.

Thus all too brietly is told the life of an in-
dustrious pioneer of this great commonwealth,
who was as great in the sterling qualities, which
win success, as was the great State in oppor-
tunities of soil and climate, which now succors
many on her broad bosom.

J. GOODMAN, the leading hardware
merchant and business man of Iiide-
>» pendence, and senior member of the firm
of Goodman it Doughty, is a native of Missouri,
born A|)ril 12, 1847. He is of German an-
cestry, w'lio were early settlers of Kentucky,
where his father, James II. Goodman, was 'orn
in 1823, and moved with his parents to Mis-
souri, in the early settlement of that State. In
1843 he was married to Miss Mary Locker, a
native of Kentucky, and daughter o'' Allen
Locker, of Kentucky. In 1852, whe:-. our sub
ject was five years old, the family crossed the
plains to Oregon, consuming five montlis in
the journey. Many in their train died of the
dread cholera, but the (Joodinau family arrived
at their destination in safety, and took up a do-
nation claim in Linn county, on the Santiam.
Here they built the log cabin of the pioneer,
and resided two years, then sold out and removed
to Benton county, twenty miles south of Cor-
vallis, and began again to improve land, but
in eight years this too was sold, and then with this
money Mr. (ioodm.an purchased 220 acres near
his former place, where he remained until 1870,
when he again sold and removed to Eugene ('ity,
where he now resides. His wife is still living, and
they both are members of the Baptist Church,
and are highly respe<!ted by all who know them.
Mr. (loodman, the subject of our sketch, was
raised on a farm, and received his education
principally at the district schools of Henton
county. He began life as a farmer, and owned
300 acres of land, just above Kugene <'ity.
Here he resided for about six years, when, in
1880, ho sold out, and in 1882 came to Inde-

„::^ii

HTSTOnr OF (iliEOON.

683

-■'. (

pendence, and engafred in tlie Imrdware buBiiiess
with Mr. K. A. Doughty, then a young man.
Tliey began business on a small scale, but
constantly increased it, and in 18'J2 their bnsi-
ncss was incorporated as a branch of 11. M.
Waile & Company, one of the largest firms of
the kind in the State, dealing in general hard-
ware, stoves, farm implements anil vehicles of
every deccription.

Mr. (toodman has been one of the founders
and one of the stocklioldersof the Independence
National Bank, and also became one of the in-
corporators of the Electric IJght Company of
the city, with a capital stock of $4:0,000. They
lighted the city, for the first time, in the fall of
1890. Tiiey have the Edison system, and the
company is composed of five of tlie best busi-
ness men of the city. Mr. Goodman is also
largely interested in real estate.

He was married, March, 1880, to Miss Mary
M. Fronk, a native of California, and a dangii-
ter of John Fronk. Mr. and Mrs. Goodman
liave two children. Glen K. and Dean T. Mr.
Goodman has built a fine residence, where he
resides with his family. He is a member of
the I. O. O. F., and has passed all the chairs
in that order. He is also a member of the
(irand Lodge. In politics he is a Democrat, and
has had the honor of being elected to the office
of Mayor of his city. He has also served
three years as a Councilman, prior to serving-
two terms as Mayor. lie takes an important
part in all that tends toward the development of
the city. Mrs. Goodman is a faithful member
of tlie Congregational Church, and they both
are highly esteemed in the city of Independ-
ence. . _

iKOKGE C. COOLEY, mcrchantof Hrowns-
ville, and pioneer of 1853, of Oregon, was
born in (irayson count ,', Virginia, in 1831.
His parents, Martin and (ylirischana (Currin)
Cooley, were natives of t!ie same State, their
ancestors being numbered among the early set-
tlers. Mr. Cooley followed farming until his
death in 1840. The next year Mrs. Cooley atid
her four cliildron moved to Henry county, Mis-
Bouri, and in 184G to Cnss county, and they
still followed farming, and they still continued
it until the spring of 1853. when with two
wagons and five yoke of oxen they struck out

for Oregon. The train numbered about fifty
people and thirteen wagons. They reached
Foster's without any serious incidents befalling
them. From there they proceeded to Lane
county, where Mrs. Cooley's brother was located
and they took up a claim neai- Cottage (irove,
and though very j)oor and with little to do with,
they engaged in farming, (ieorge C, the eld-
est child, secured a position as clerk in the store
of H. L. Brown & Hugh Fields, at Browns-
ville, and he turned in iiis salary to support the
family, thus contributing for four years until
they had paid up on the land and were a little
ahead. He continued as clerk until 1803, when
he purchased the fourth interest in the store,
and then ran it with several changes, in firm
name until 1808, when the firm of Cooley &
AVashburn was organized, which continued with-
out interruption until 1889, when Washburn
withdrew, and Mr. Cooley purchased his interest.
He took his son in as partner and bis son-in-
law, J. I). Irvine, also, and the firm of George
C. Cooley it Co. was estabished, and is still in
operation, being the contii: nation of the pioneer
store of Brownsville. It was established by
Hugh L. Brown and James Blakely, about 1850.
Messrs. Cooley & Co. still carry a full line in
general merchandise, hardwaie, and in 1892,
added farm machinery. Mr. C >oley owns ninety
acres adjoining the town ol Brownsville, and in
1892 platted Cooley's addition to the town.

He was married in Brownsville in 1857, to
Miss Harriet Blakely, daughter of James
Blakely, a pioneer of 1840, and proprietor of
the town site of Brownsville, which was laid off
about 1854. They iiave six children: AVilliam
C; Carrie, wife of J. I), Irvine; Etta, wife of
George W. Wright, attorney of Albany, Kitty,
Mrs. W. W. Bailey; James B. and Emma.

For forty years Mr. C'ooley has been faithful
in the discharge of his duty, and from clerk he
has risen to be proprietor, with an increased
store area and capital invested. His habits of
integrity and persevering industry are worthy of
emulation. He enjoys the confidence and re-
spect of the ontirecominnnity.

:Hi\

^W|AI{CELLIIS S. DAILEY of Hillsboro,
V/'AI came to Oretton in 1853. He was born

'regou
Virginia I^ccember 7, 1832. His

father, Hugh Dailey, was also a native of that

all ■

684

U I STORY OF OREGON.

i\ n

i ■ ill;)

Strtte, a.id came of one of the F. F. V. The
ffraiK I father was a soldier in the Revolution, and
their aiipestry was Irish. l[r. Dailey'.s mother
was F<Uth Butcher, the dauirhterof Eli Butcher
of Viiyinia, a representative old settler of that
State. Of their seven children, five are liviiifr.
all in the Kast, except Mr. Dailey. lie was
raised in Virijinia until his fifteenth year, then
emiifrated to Illinois, where he remained until
his twenty-first year, and then crossed the plains
to seek a new honie in the land that promised so
much. Plenty of eiTiigrants were on the way
that yt'ar to ( )regon, and they had a safe journey
of si.\ months on the road. Mr. Dailey begftn
his Oregon history in the mines at Canyon City.
From there, in 1854, he went to Yreka, Cali-
fornia, and mined a yoar, meeting with fine suc-
cess. In 1855 he retire<l to Oregon and was
sent as a scout in the Indian war of 1855-'5t).
On the Rogue river he rendered the country and
settlers valuable service, took great risks, and
had many startling adventures and hairbreadth
escapes. He often slept at night wrapped in
his blanket, with his gun by his side, and sub-
sisted o:i what he could carry, and the game ho
could kill. lie was in several battles. The
Indians were armed with good guns, and could
they have caught the scouts they would have
been tortured. At last the Indians were sub-
dued, ami they brought 1,4:00 men, women and
children to the reservation at (irande Ronde.
After all these exciting times were over, Mr.
Dailey settled in Washington county, where he
remained nine years, then sold out, went Ivist to
his old home in Illinois and visited his brothers.
When he returned to Ilillsboro he engaged in
the livery business two years, and then sold out
and went into the business of contracting and
building. lie has built most of the bridges of
the county, one of them crossing the Dairy
creek, being '^,000 feet in length. Mr. Dailey
has purcliased ])roperty and built himself a fine
1 ^ idence.

['p was married in 18f50, to Miss Mary Savage
of I inois. Her family crossed the plains the
same year he did. She is the daughter of
Krastus Savage. Mr. and Mrs. Dailey have had
five children, of whom two are lining, namely:
Edith, the wife of Mr. Cyrus (Tarrison; and
Anna, now the wife of Sidney Thurkle, both
reside in llilii)oro. The son, Jesse was acci-
dently killed while at work with his father; the
two other ciiildren died in infancy.

Mr, Dailey and his family are all members of

the Christian Church. He is a Republican in
politics, and was Deputy Sheriff for several
years of the comity, and has held the ofHce of
City Marshal. He is a reliable and worthy
citizen.

ILLIAM GILBERT BUFFUM, an hon-
ored Oregon pioneer of 1845, and a pros-
perous citizen of Amity, is a native of
Charlotte, Crittenden county, Vernmnt, where he
was born June 25, 1804. His fatlier, Stephen Buf-
fum, was a native of New Hampshire, where he
married Hannah Weed, a native of the s.anie State.
They were both of English ancestry, their pro-
genitors being early settlers of New England.
They were Quakers, that noble sect which have
numbered so many heroes and saints, but the
fires of patriotism burned so high in the heart
of his father, that he broke the rules of the
Quakers and joined the colonial army, and
bravely fought in the Revolutionary war. He
and his wife had twelve ch.ildren, all, excepting
a daughter, who died in her sixth yoar, attain-
ing maturity, the subject of o'.ir sketch being
the tenth in order of birth.

In 1815 they removed to Ashtabula county,
Ohio, the!i a new and sparsely settled country,
where they spent the following seventeen years
of their life. In 1832 they removed to Illinois,
where they located on a farm in Fulton county,
where they resided the remainder of their lives.
The mother died there in 1848 and two years
later, in 1850, the father also exjjired. They
were both deserving people, leading strictly
honorable lives and enjoyed the unbounded
esteem of their fellow-men.

The subject of our sketch attended the log
school-house in the woods of Ohio, where lie
lived until he attained his majority, when, in
1826, he went to Illinois, where he worked in
the mines, during the winter of 182t)-'27.

In 1828 he married Miss Caroline Thnrman,
a native of Richland county, Ohio, who was
born March 9, 1814. She was a daughter of
Mr, Henry Thnrman, a prosperous Ohio farmer.

After his marriage he worked in a flour mill
for about eleven years, when his wife's health
failed, and, thinking a warmer climate would

Srove beneficial to her, he moved, in 1840, to
lissouri. Here he entered a homestead, on
which he built a little log cabin, in which they

1: I

UlSTOHY OF OKEQON.

(i85

resided for five years, at the <mi(1 of wiiicii time
lie liad bieti so j^reatly proijpyred tliiit liu owned
seventy-five liead of cuttle and fourteen yoke of
oxen, besides a very valuable farm.

He sold his farm at the end of this time, and,
hirinjr twoyoiiiijr men to drive his stock, he start-
ed, with two wagons, on the long journey across
the plains. In the party were Captain I'almer,
Mr. Buffiim and wife, and a Mrs. Thomas.
Mr. nuffuin recall.-; the trip with [jleasure, which
was unmarred with any accident or unpropitious
event. The summer weather was delightful,
ami the party found "rougiiing it" so enjoyable,
that, when they arrived at the foot of Mt.
Hood, they lashed their wagons together, and
hiring a cou|)le of men to stay and take cure of
them, the rest of the ])arty packed through the
country, cutting their way over the mountains
to Oregon City.

Arrived here, Mrs. J^uftum and Mrs. Thomas
remained in the house of a Mr. Holmes, vphile
Mr. Muffum returned for their effects, when, in
the following June, they brougiit their wagons
in to the city. Mr. and Mrs. linffum then came
to Vam Hill county, whore they settled on land,
located three miles of the present site of Amity,
on which Mr. Buflum built a log cabin, in which
they began frontier lite. In the long journey
overland only one cow was lost, which got away
with some other cattle. ( )n the way Mr. liuff'um
sold his stock from to time to emigrants, as they
were needed, »sking for them oidy the price at
which they sold in Missouri, so that he brought
through with him only half of what he started
with.

He and his wife remained nninteruptedly on
their claim until 1848, when the gi>ld excitement
in California caused l[r. Bnffum to go to the
mines of that State, where he mined for a couple of
months on north fork of the American river,
when he left with the very good sum of $3,000.
His wife accompanied him everwhere, sharing
all his dangers and vicissitudes. She was with
him in the mines, and returned with him to
Oregon, being sixteen days on the water com-
ing from San Francisco to their destination.

He then purchased a section of land, situated
two miles east of Amity, which was a fine stock
ranch. They resided on this place from 1849
until 1872, and were successful in stock-raising,
which proved very remunerative.

In 1872 he purchased a block in Amity, on
which he built a large and comfortable home,
and sold his farm. Besides his city property,

he owns fifty-seven acres, located fiear the town
Mr. and Mrs. I'uffum have no children of
their own, but have raised several to respectalile
manhood and womanhood. One of these, A. li.
Frazier, is now an able Portland lawyer; Cele^tin
Bulfnm, a niece of Mr. Bnffnm's, whom they
took when she was tix years of age, is now the
widow of Nelson Walling, and resides near her
foster parents, in a comfortable home, sur-
rounded by a couple acres of valuable land,
which her foster parents gavejier; Ftta Bones
they took when she was eleven years of age. anil
she is now the wife of Mr. Hugh Fenton, resid-
ing near Rosei)urg.

Mr. Bnffum ami his wife are honored mem-
bers of the I'ioneer Society, which they accom-
panied on their recent excursion to the East,
where they renewed their ac(iuaintance with the
scenes of their younger years. They have been
married sixty-four years, she is seventy eight
and he is eighty-eight, and hand in hand are
peacefully wending their way through life to-
gether, followed by the best wishes of their
hosts of admiring friends and acquaintances.

. '^■^^■^ ■ ■

ILLIAiM N. LADUE, one of the promi-
nent business men of Salem, is a native
of Troy, New York, where he was born
May 4, 1838. The paternal ancestor of the
family was Peter Ladue, one of the Ilugenots,
who came to the Now World in search of that
liberty of conscience, which was denied him
in France. His name is enrolled among the
early founders of the State of New York as a
man of character and influenoe. Mr. f^adue's
father, Andrew Ladue, was born in New York,
and was a direct descendant of Peter l.adue.
His father married Louisa Angel, a native of
New York city, and of English extraction. Her
father married Louisa Potts, who was a daugh-
ter (jf the Lord-Mayor of London. Mr. Ladue
was the youngest of a family of eight children,
of whom only three now survive. He was edu-
cated at Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vermont,
and graduated from the Michigan State Univer-
sity, in 1S60, and was engaged in the study of
law when the war l)roke out. He tnlisted in
the Fifth Michigan Volunteer Infmtry at its
formation, of which he was made Seconif Lieu-
tenant. He was soon after promoted to First
Lieutenant and appointed Adjutant of his regi-

11'

086

niSTOHY OF OREGON.

meiit. Uuder I'hilip Ki'iirny he served in Ileitit-
zelinan's Third Army Corps, Army of the Po-
tomac, mid piirticipated in tlie Peiiinsidar
campaign, lie foiiglit in the battles of ISij^
Bethel, siei^e of Vorktown, battle of AVilliams-
burg. Fair Oaks and various battles of the seven
days" retreat of McClellaii from before Rich-
mond to ilaines River, during all of which time
lie served on the staff of General Hiram (i.
Berry. After tiie second battle of Bull Run,
ifr. l^adue resigned his coinmissioii on account
of |)hysicul disability, and returned to Detroit,
Michiiraii, wiiere, soon after liis return, lie re-
ceived the appointment of Assistant Comp-
troller of tiiat city, which position he held un-
til he resigned it to engage in business in
Adrian in the manufacture of leather, with Henry
15. 8tone, a banker. After two years' of suc-
cessful business at Adrian the manufactory was
destroyed by tire. He then went east to Read-
iiig, Pennsylvania, to become a member of a
Tubular Iron Bridge Company, but not finding
it satisfactory, he returned to Detroit, Michigan,
again receiving the appointment of Assistant
Comptroller of the city, which position lie
filled nearly all the time that he resided in
Detroit, with the exception of about tiiree
years, during which time he was assistant
secretary of the Detroit Gas Liglit Company,
which position he resigned to again accept the
Assistant Comptrollership. During his resi-
dence in Detroit he was twice elected inspector
of city schools, and while in that capacity was
chairman of the committee on teachers, and re-
ceived the appointment of secretary of the
Board of Education, which appointment he de-
clined. In 1883 he resigned his position as
Assistant Comptroller of the city to come to
Oregon, at the request of Mr. William Stuart,
of Ksk Mills, ^Musselburgh, Scotland, to assist
in a large business enterprise at Salem. It was
the intention to build large flouring, lumber and
woolen mills; they also jiroposed to start the
First National Bank of Salem, the Second Na-
tiunal Bank of Portland and a banking ho'iso
at San FVancisco. They embarked in the ' usi-
iiess and expended at Salem between two and
hundred thousand dollars. They built the large
Scotch flouring mill, purcliased the property
and built the First National Bank Block, laid
the first cement sidewalk in the city, and were
the means of starting building improvements
in that part of the town. The dcatli of Mr.
Stuart occurred, and that prevented the full

carrying out of tiieir plans. Tlie Stuart inter-
ests were sold by the heirs, Mr. Ladue retaining
the First National Bank and continuing the
banking business and was its president until he
sold Iris stock in S(!ptcmbcr, 1891.

He was united in marriage in 18G7, to Miss
Mary Stuart Baker, a native of New Orleans,
and the daughter of Hon. William (.', Baker, of
Morristown, New Jersey, and granddaughter of
Mr. Robert Stuart, who was a partner of John
Jacob Astor in the Astoria expedition of 1813-
14-. Mr. and Mrs. Ladue liave h J seven chil-
dren, four of whom are living. The eldest son,
William B., is a cadet at West Point, where he
stands among the highest of his class. The
other children are at lionie with their parents,
their names are, Kate Stuart, George l-ranklin
and liol)ert Stuart.

Mr. Ladue is an active member of the Ma-
sonic fraternity, G. A. R., and the Loyal Le-
gion, in all of which he holds offices of rank
and prominence. He was a member of the
staff of General Alger, while he was Comman-
der-in-chief of the Grand Army of the 'Re-
public, and also of the staff of Commander-
in-chief Palmer. Mr. Ladue takes an interest
in army affairs, and is a Quartermaster of the
Second Regiment National Guards of Oregon.
He has been a member of the State Board of
Emigration, and director of the Albany Col-
legiate Institute and of the San Francisco
Theological Seminary, which latter position he
now holds.

He is, politically, a Democrat, with which
party he has affiliated since becoming a voter.

He owns a ranch of 075 acres, and purchased
the handsome residence, on the corner of Capitol
and Chemeketa streets, in which he now re-
sides, of the e.x -Secretary of State.

Mr. Ladue is thoroughly Informed on gen-
eral topics and is a gentleman of honor and
high business integrity.

-"•*^+'

[IIOMAS EDGAR CONNER, an Oregon
native son and a reputable farmer of Yam
Hill county, was born in Polk county,
this State, August 19, 1858. His father, Job
Conner, crossed the plains to Oregon in 1847,
when a young man and unmarried, and settled
on a donation claim iu Polk county, where the
subject of this sketch was born and where hia

mSTOHY Oh' OHKdOy.

(iS7

father resided during the roiiiainder of his life.
Soon after obtaining his land he wan timrried to
I\[is8 Polly Ann liiggs. also an Oregon pioneer.
'Jhoy iiad seven children, all of whom are liv-
ing and settled in Polk and Yam Hill comities.
Their names arc: itohcrt Scott, Thomas Edgar;
Cordelia .lane, who is now Mrs. Albert Baxter;
l^eander lioswell; Louisa, who is now Mrs.
Elijah T. Morrison; and Nancy Ann. A[r.
Conner died in his fifty-ninth year; his first
wife had died sixteen years ])reviously, and
he afterward married Mrs. Martha James.
They had five ohildren, whose names are: Sarah,
Lawman, Elbert, lielle and Ella, all of whom
are still with their mother on the old home-
stead.

Their son, Mr. Thomas E. Conner, who is the
subject ot this sketch, was brought up on the
farm, on which he was born in Polk ciniiity.
When of am his father irave him 100 acres of
land, where he now resides, three and a half
miles south of McMinnville; he moved upon
the property in 1870.

Ill 1883 he married Miss Frances Puttuau,
the daughter of Daniel H. Putmaii, an honored
Oregon pioneer. Mr. and Mrs. Conner have
one daughter, named l''efa.

Mr. Conner is a successful farmer, now hav-
ing 121 acres of fine land, on which lie is rais-
ing grain and some live stock. lie has a fine
residence.

Mrs. Conner is a member of the Christian
Church. Mr. Conner in his political views is
a Republican. They are both the children of
worthy ])ioneer8 of the enterprising State of
Oregon, were both born in Oregon, and are
justly proud of their State.

-^■^■•5^—

1 N. LEE LA IT G II L I N, who has
been identified sith the interests of Ore-
cjon since 1847, and who is ranked with
the most prominent citizens of i am Hill county,
dates his birth in Lincoln county, Missouri,
January 17, 1838. (For a history of his father,
Samuel Langhlin, see the biography of Hon. li.
It. Langhlin in this work.)

The subject of our sketch was fourteen years
of age when, in 1847, he crossed the plains to
Oregon with his father and family. Ilis edu-
cation was partially received at Porost Grove.
Ill 1848, when gold was discovered in Cali-

fornia, Mr. Langhlin was only a more lad, but
in Sejitember of tlui following year he went
overland to the goid fields of that State and
mined on Trinity river in Trinity county, mak-
ing from 840 to $150 per day. In January,
1850, he returned to t)iegon, bringing his gold
with him. In 1851 he again sought the gold
rejiions of Califotnia. This time he went to
Vreka, spent most of his" time in prosjiecting,
and after two months came back to Oregon.
As soon as he was old enough he took claim to
a quarter section of land in North Yam Hill,
and on this was engaged in farming for six
years. This property was exchanged for a farm
three miles south of the village. Two years he
kept a hotel in Idaho. In 1855, when the In-
dian war broke out, he enlisted as a volunteer
under Captain A. J. llenibrce, and was on a
reeonnoitering expedition with the Caj)tain
when the latter was shot. They carried his
remains to the Dalles, and sent them down the
river to his home.

After his return from Idaho, where, as al-
ready stated, he had been engaged in the hotel
business, Mr. Langhlin purchased an interest
in a general merchiiidise business at Xortli
Yam Ilill, being in partnership with Mr. F.
Ilanswirth. lie was successfully engaged in
business here for twenty years, having a fair
share of the trade in the town and surroiiiidiiig
country. In 1887 he sold out and retired. He
was one of the organizers of the McMinnville
National Bank, is one of its stockholders and
its vice-president. In 1879 he built one of the
finest residences in the county, in which he is
now living a retired life.

To Mr. McLaughlin belongs the distinction
of having helped to organize the llepublican
party in Oregon, and with that party he has
since affiliated. In 1800 he was elected County
Assessor. In 1870 he was chosen by his fellow-
citizens to represent them in the State Legis-
'lature, he being elected by sixteen majority, the
other Representative by fourteen, and the Sen-
ator by ten. Their seats, however, were con-
tested, and the Democrats being in majority,
they were voted out, the Democrats taking their
places. In 1874 he was again elected, and this
time by so large a majority that there was no
contest. He sej-ved his term creditably, and in
1880 was re-elected. He aided in securing the
passage of the bill providing for the erection
of the State Insane Asylum.

He })i>8 also served fts Clerk or as one of tlie

ii'i

HlbTOKY OF (iHKdON.

Board of DirectoM of tlio school district in
wliicli he rosidus HiiiiuHt poiitiiuioiisly for a
iminberof yoars. lie in now n ineiiiber of tliu
HoHrdof C\innciiii)eri of tin; town of Nortii Vftin
Hill, lie liitrt also iiuld other resjwnsihle otH-
cial |K>»iti()i)s.

<)ctolK'r8. iSi)r>, Mr. Laughliii iiitirrieJ Miss
Kinniu Stewart, u native ot Putnam county,
Ohio, and a danghtei* of Hcnjainin K. Stewart,
an lionored ()rejj;on pioneer of 1847. and the
owner of a donation elaini in North Yam Hill.
While they have no children of their own, they
have reared three of their relatives, and now
have under their care two other (!hildren. Mr.
and Mrs. Ijiughliii are cidtured and refined
H'ople, am! are held in the liicrhest esteem. In
lis religions views Mr. Langliliii is a free-
thinker.

Il.I.IAM HARJ.OW. one of the early
iiioneers of Oregon, and the founder of
the town (d' Harlow, in Clackamas
county, dates his birth in Marion county, Indi-
ana, October 2(5, 1822. His ancestors came
from Scotland to America previous to the
Ktvoluiion. and settled in Virtjinia, and his
grandfather, William J'arlow, was a co-])ioneer
with ])aniel ISooiie in the first settlenient of
the State of Ki-iituiky. His grandmother was
before her marriage Miss Kimbro, a lady of
Welsh ancestry. One of their seven sons, Sam-
uel Kimbro Barlow, was our subject's father.
He was born in Kentucky, in 171*4. In 1818
he moved to Indiana, where he was subsequently
married to Susanah Lee, who was born in South
Carolina, iti 17U;J. In 1845, with his wife and
five children, he crossed the plains to Orefron.
They had gone to Illinois in 183t), and it was
from Fidton county, that State, that they started
on their long overland jonrney. Tliiy arrived
at the rendezvous at Independence, Missouri.
March 30, 1845. It is supposed that 5,000
men, women and children started west from
that ])oint, some for Califorida, and others for
Oreijon. Mr. I'arlow had been a frontiersman,
and he never lacked for courage. When they
arrived at the Dalles, wdiere all thought it was
the end of team and wagon travel, he got on
one of his wagons and said, " I have started for
Oregon, and I am going on. Let all follow
who want to.'' lie had six wagons and nine

others fell in with him, and they all eanio
through together. When they were within
three miles of the top of the Cascades the sniw
came on. They were obliged to make a cache
for their wagons and goods, and the women and
children thev packed through on poines, finally
reaching their destination, Oregon Citv, in
safety, on (Jhristnnis eve. Here Mr. Harlow
i)nrehased property, and until 184H rati a hotel.
That year he bought the right to a donation
claim of (i4() acres of land, where his eon, the
subject of this sketch, now resides, he having
purchased it some years lat(M- for ^(>,0()0. After
selling this j>r()|)erty, Mr. Harlow moved to
Canemah, where he resided until his death, which
occurred in 18()8. His wife died in 1«52. Mr.
i'arlow was a Uepnblican in |)olitics, and while
he never sought ollice he took a deep interest in
public aifairs, and did his part in hel})ing to
foutid the great State of Oregon.

When William Barlow arrived in Oregon
with his father in 1845 he was a young man (d'
twenty-three years, fidl of life and enterprise.
He engaged in land operations, became the
owner of several farms, iiiid was the founder of
the town of Canemah, i)eing in partnership with
Mr. Hedges, his brother-in-law. In 1852 he
marrietl ifrs. Jfaitlia Ann Allen, widow of Dr.
Allen, who came to Oregon in 1850, dying at
Canemah soon after his arrival here. After their
marriage they removed to the fine tract of land
he had purchased of his father and established
their home in the house his father had built.
In 1801 he went to Oregon (Jity, and forseveral
years was successfully engaged in merchandis-
ing there. In 1870 he again returned to the
farm, and here he has since lived. He is a
man of large business experience. In a single
year he did 830.000 worth of contracting with
the railroad comjiany, and altogether his rail-
road contracts amounted to §100,000. He made
large investments in real estate, owning at one
time 1.400 acres of land. In 1891, with his
son, he platted the town of Barlow, on the land
above referred to, which he bought of his father.
This town is beautifully situated, and during
its brief existence has made a most substantial
growth. His own residence is one of the finest
and most attractive places in the town, and he
also lias numerous other buildings here, both
dwellings and business houses.

Mr. and Mrs. ikriow ha/e had three children,
as follows: Mary S., a successful teacher in one
of the higher departments of a prominent school

niBTonr of OREony.

(«»

in Portland; Virginia, wli.i died at tlut age of
elovon years; anil Cassiiis IT., who is a partner
witii Ills father in their lai'ge real-oittato operii
tioiiB.

Mr. Barlow liiiH been a stanch llepiihlican all
his life. Sociiillv, he has lonj^ hetni an honored
ineinher of Iho Masonic, fraternity.

fAMES IIKLMICK, a native son of Oregon
and a prominent fanner and hnsineas man
of Polk county, wan horn in Polk county,
Kebruary 31, 1851. He is of Gerinun ancestry,
who oaino to America in 183" and settled in
l'eiinsylv:iMia; hin father, He: > Ileiinick, wa^
horn in (.iermany, Sopteniher 14, 1822. i he
family removed to Iowa, in 1840, and there
Henry was n ured, and in 1845 married to Mien
Stee|)row, a native of lowa, born July 4, 1825.
Soon after tlicir marriage they cros.sed the
plains to Oregon with .jxon. They Htarted
April 15. 1845, ami arrived the last of October.
At the Dalles they had ilio misfurtune tu lose
the wagon and all theoutlit. They, themselves,
had just left the raft and before it could be se-
cured till' current swept the raft and all its con-
tents over the falls and they were left with
nothing but the clothing on their backsl They
made their way to I'ortland and here Mr. Hel-
mick secured a job of building a barn, the pay
for which enabled them to subsist for some
time. That fall and winter they lived on the
Tualatin plains and in the winter of 1845 and
in 1840 they came to Salem, where Mr. IIol
mick assisted in the first gristmill in that city.
The following fall he came to the Lnckamnto
and took a donation claim of 640 acres, four
miles south of the present site of Monmouth.
Here they started in a little log cabin of his
own building, and here they lived for nine
years and erected a frame dwelling and raised
their family. They prospered and Mr. Llelniick
was the owner of 1,300 acres of fine land at the
time of his death, which occurred in 1877.
Both he and his wife were inemlKirs of the
Cumberland I'resbyterian Church and were
honest, industrious. Christian people. The wife
survives him, aged sixty-seven. They had five
children, two of whom died in infancy, and the
three living are: James, Lewis am! their sister,
Mary C, now Mrs. James Tedrow, who resides
in Lane county.

James was the second child and was re.ired
on liis father's farm, attended the district school
until old enough to be sent to the college at
Monii' nth. On his return he farmed iiis fa-
ther's farm on shares for a number of veai's and
then purchased 2'J5 iii' - of land, altlioiigh he
continued with his fatlicr until his death, when
he inherited 140 acres of the donation claim.
On thi.'se lands ho now resides and has met with
prosperity in return for his persistent, intelli-
gent effort.

In 1880 he and his brother, Lewis, built the
Parker warehouse and have since, in addition
to their farming, handled large iiiianflties of
grain raised in this [> irt of the country, ship-
ping from 40,000 to 50,000 bushels annually.
They are upriL^ht, straightforward men and be-
cause of this they enjoy the coiiHdence and re-
spect of all who know them. Mr. lleliiiick
raised 9,000 bushels of wheat and oats on ;J50
acres of land. His success is evidence of what
the rich soil of Oregon will do for tlie man wlio
diligently and intelligently gives it the oppor-
tunity.

Our subject was married January 1, 18s0,
to Amanda Mays, a native of Olympia, born
April 25, IStW. Her father, Stephen Mays,
was a pioneer of this coast. Mr. and Mrs.
Helmick have five children, iinuely: Francis E.,
SnrahJ., Nellie M., Mary li. and William H.

Mr. Helmick has been a llepublicati since
coming to maturity. He is a member of the
A. O. U. W.

A. LEE, of Canby, Clackamas
is an Oregon pioneer of 1847.

tEMAN
county
He was born in Jeflferson county. New
York, March 29, 1833. His ancestors came
from England to America, settled in New Encr.
land, and from there spread out over the United
States. It is believed that the Lees of the South
sprang from the same English family. In the
early history of the country they were people
of prominence and influence.

Mr Lee's father. Philander Lee, was born in
New York, February 22, 1802, and tliere, Oc-
tober 20, 1827, married .Miss Anna Green, also
a native of the Empire State, the date of her
birth being December 17, 1807. They had
seven children born in New York. In 1840
they removed to Iowa, where Mr. Lee rented a

uuu

niSTOHY OF niinnoff.

iM\

larin of liiB lirotliur. Tliero lio und hU lirotli-
(M's Hllil sisters iiiul llifii' families t'onned iifciii-
piiny to cniss the piiiiiis to Orei^oii. OtlKM's
joined tlieii' ('iiiii|)uiiy tiiid when tliey were reiidy
to btiirt their triiin numbered a hundred waj.'onB.
Wiley ('liRpmun wan idioHeii captain of tho
company. Aw the journey pro{;res8ed, they
found it more convenient to divide u]> into
siiialler parties, the I^'e company tiuully heinj^
reiluced to tifteen wai,'on8. I'liey made a safe
journey, coverinjf a period of 8(!veii months,
hut met with some sad accidents. One of Mrs.
Lee's brotiiers, Ilarvcy (irteu, while fjettinu; the
oxen across Smike river, was drowne(l. Their
ilauf^hter IClvira I.ee, now Mrs. Saltmarsh, whs
run over hy oiu' of the wayous, and had one of
her limlis broken. It was set and she was put in a
criidle and swuii<j; tip to the bows of the waoor),
and in this way she rode for nine weeks. Mea
Bles also l)roke out in their company. From
tiie Dalles they came down the rivcir iti canoe.s
to the Oascades, where they made portage, and
from where they continued their jouriu^y on
Hat-boats to Linntou. At Linntou they stoppt>d
durinir the winter, and the following summer
Were engas;ed in raisiiii; vegetables on Sauvier's
island. In this enterprise they were success-
ful, and found a ready market in I'ortland, for
tlieir product, and made soine money. They
made their first permanent settlement in Clack-
amas County, near where they now reside, in
Canby. lI])oii the discovery of ffold in (Cali-
fornia, the father ami eldest son, Kdwin T.,
went to the gold dii.rginj58 and mined on the
North fork<d' the American river, where they
remained a year, nieetiiif^ with success. They
then returned to their donation claim, 639 acres
of land, it being ])art of tho presenl town site
of (.-'anby. ( >n this jiroperty the father resided
until 1S87. wheii his death occurred. His life
was characterized iiy honest industry.

Ileniau A. I.ee was in lii.s lifteenth year when
he ai-rived in ( )regon. lie remained with his
father until his twentieth year, when he started
out for himself: and after working for waives
for a time, took a donatio!) (d' lliO acres in Fdnn
county, on which he kept •• bach" for live years.
Then he sold out and returned to Clackamas
county. Here he tocdc a homestead, and his
father deeded him fifty-two and three-fourths
acres of the old donation claim. April 9, 18(59,
he married Miss Eda K. Tice, a mitive of the
State of Iowa, born July 10, 1851, a ilaughter
of James Tice. Mr. Tice and his family came

to Oregon in 18(13, and soon after their arrival
here he died, leaving his widow and two daugh-
tcis (of wdujm Mrs. I,ee was the oldest) and
three sons, to do for themselves. After their
marriage Mr. and Mrs. Lee settled on the home-
stead, and lived there twenty years, during
which time he developed it into a tine property.
He iu)w owns 200 acres at (Janby, eighty of it
being a part of his father's clonatfon claim. To
him and his wife have i)cen born eight childri'ii,
ns follows: Clara ('., now Mrs. Klijah Hutchin-
son; I>arinila !,.. wife of Henry (iilnuire; Milo
IL, Adda K., Alvira A., Warren 1'., KIsi M.,
and Ora M.

Mr. Lee has been a Republican all his life,
having cast his first vote for President Lincoln.
He has been elected to the utHcc of Justice of
tho IVace, ami as such has serveil most ac-
ceptal)ly. Mr. Lee's veiu'ral)le nH)ther is still
living, and is reimirkably well preserved for a
woman of her years and ex|ierience. She is a
most interesting converser; has a vivid recol-
lection of her jouriu'y across the plains, an<l
their meeting with Dr. Whitman. She is a
woman greatly loved by all who know her.

fOlIN W0LVP:IIT0N, of Monmouth, Polk
county, is an Oregon piom^er of 1853. lie
was born in Ohio, December 4, IH'22. His
parents, John and Mary (Ilogland) Wolverton,
were both natives of New Jersey, his father
having been born January 2-1, 1771, and his
mother April 24, 179(.. yVfter tli'dr marriage
they wont to Ohio and settled on a farm in
Hamilton county, where they were early settlers
of the State and where they reared their family
and resided until their death, which occurred
in July 18, 1851, and February U, 1834, re-
spectively. They had thirteen children, of whom
they roared eleven, and six are .still living.

John was their eighth child and ho was
reared in Ohio until his seventeenth year, when
he removed to Illinois, and after six months'
residence there removed to Iowa and resided
tliert^ foi fourteen years, lie had been reared
on a farm with very limitcil opportunities for
obtaining an odiicatiou and it is his own intel-
lect an<i induitrv that have made iiiin what he
now is. In September, 1853, he arrived in
Oregon, after a trip across the plains. The
starting jioint with him was nurliugtou, Iowa,

insToiiV Oh' o/tmwx.

dfti

cl:itc, April, 1H5JJ. iiml the trip was a bufc atitl
pleaBant one. At'tisr liis arrival in Orogon liu
came direct to I'oiii county, pnrcliascd a rij^lit
to a donation claim on the l.iickamntt', tlin'o
miles wcHt of .^auvicr. There were only two
lionrtes in sijriit in that beautiful valley when
our mihjeet licfjan the life of anO-eiron pioneor,
in a very Binall and primitive way, out tin* rich
land responded to his laliorn with large returns
and he prospered riipidly. He was in the hahit
of takiiif^ his jfrain to Aliiany to lie ground.
One time he took a jurist each for two neii^h-
l)or8 and one for himself. The miller ground
his last and gave him ninety-six pounds less
than he should have, but after some threats lie
managed to obtain his just due. lie remained
on his farn\, constantly adding to it, until 1880,
when he retired from this valuable farm of 79(1
acres ;»iid puicbased property in Monmouth.
On this he built a nice residence, which has be-
come one of tlie most desirable homes in the
city. It is near the Christian College and
fronts the east, lie came to Monmouth to rest
and give his children the benefit of the college.

Our subject was married in Iowa, to Mary J.
Is'ealy, a native of New York. The ceremony
occurred November ii5, 1847. His bride was
born May 1, 1825, and was the daughter of
Samuel S. Nealy, native of New York. He and
his wife have had seven children, as follows:
A. P., in the hardware business at Spokane;
Josie, wife of Dr. J. C. Hyrd, resides in Spokane;
William M., who is in a large and successful
real-estate business with his brother. A. 1'.,
they have platted a part of the town of Spo-
kane and are very proniinent in its upbuilding;
C. K., a graduate of the law school at Lexing-
ton, Kentucky, in 1873, is a lawyer in Albany;
Bruce, the little one, who was born on the
plains and was only seven weeks old when he
entered Oregon, has developed into a Cliristian
minister; Otis A. resides on the donation claim;
and (irant S. also resides in Spokane, engaged
in the hardware business. Five of these cliil-
dren are graduates of the Christian College,
now the State Normal School,

Mr. and Mrs. Wolverton are worthy mem-
bers of the Christian Church. In politics our
subject was a Democrat until the late war, when
he espoused the cause of the Union and has
since supported the principles of the Republi-
can party. He has not, however, been a politi-
cian, nor has he desired office, content to be
allowed to manage his own private afTair.t.

Since coming to Motitnouth to reside he has
not been able altogether to t-scape fullilling his
duty with regard to otlicelMildiiig, as he has
frc(jucntly been obliged to t-crvc on the (!ity
Council ami has acte(l as trustee of the Chris-
tian C(dlege for a niuiiber of years. He also
was its treasurer for eight years and has de-
voted time and money to the upbuildingof this
tine institution. Mr. Wolverton has led an in-
dustrious, upright life, has made a fine record
and is one of (Jregon's most worthy pioneers.

-ctM

•^-

fL I J A II COR H E T T, one of Portland's
worthy citizens, is of New England birth
and ancestry. He was born in West-
borough, Massachusetts, December It), 1821.
His father, Elijah Corbett, was a native of the
same State. Ho married Miss Malinda Furbish.
They had eight children, of whom two are now
living, namely: Elijah Corbett the subject of
this sketch; and ex-Senator II. W. Corbett, of
Portland. (See this book.) The father of our
subject was an edge-tool manufacturer, and
made many axes by hand. At this business
our subject helped, and later his father gave uji
the business and kept a country village hotel
and had a farm in connection with it at Little
White creek, Washington county. New York.
From there they moved to Jackson, in the same
county, iind continued in the same business,
keeping a hotel and raising their own hay, oats,
wheat and vegetables.

When our subject began business on his own
account, he engaged in peddling with a wagon,
the then celebrated Fox crackers, in which lie
continued eight years. After that he waf. en-
gaged in the omnibus business in Troy, Now
York, running betsveen Lansingburg and Vroy,
a half-hour'fl line. There were no street rail-
ways in those days. Ho continued at this t.velvo
years. Then, in 1864, he came to Ore.i,';jn and
became part owner and manager 9' the stage
line between Portland, Oregon, ,ind Sacramento,
California, a distance of 71 J miles, for four
years, from 1806 to 1870. They had the mail
contract, »v'hich was seeu.-ed for them by the
Hon. II. W. Corbett. They ran a daring line
of four horse coaches, having to have 450 head
of horses, and they crossed the Scott and Trinity
mountains, which are 0,000 feet above the level
, ." !,e sea; aiul in the winter, after a snow of

1 !"

if
i i ' '

IlIHTOUY Oh' OUEUOX.

lil'tciii fi'Cl. it wa> II i;icat iiiiilcitiiluti;r t<i iiiuke
the tiii), liiit ll()lwitll^tHllllillJ,^ Mr. ('(irliftt
i)!ii'iii'(l (ivci- this liijc cvi'iv iiioiitli uirI jinifl tin-
liillw. At ti nil's lliu iiiuil liai to In; (lacku'! "ii
lioi-Kc.- iiiitil wiili oxfii tlie loail wiis jjickci.'.
Mr. ( 'cirhflt was also fiii;.if^t'(i in I'ortland in i\w
lively- anil jxivati; cairiafr« Imsiness, anil tor
Ki'vci'al years iiail a very [)i'|)ii]ar ami ttoixl l)nsi-
ness in tli;il line, nj) to iNTs. In 1SH3 he en-
jjageil in tlie iniililini,' of the Tran-; continental
liorse railroail. lie was one of the original iii-
eiiriMivator!-, and has euntinneil his connection
with it. it i.-^ now the ('ity anil Sulinrhan Kail-
way ('oni|ianv. anil has increased its capital stock
froMi ^1(M),()()0 to ?<1,(I00.()()(», and they are now
ninnini; aliont ei^rhty miles of siiiirle and ilonhle
track. Mr. Corliett has ma'etliis his principal
business up to 18SD. They now have si,\ty
electric cars rnnning on tlie eiist and west sides.

In l^lo he was married to Miss .Jane IJohert-
son, amitive of Washington county. New \'ork.
There were born to them one son. VVilliam, who
now resides in I'firtland. Mrs. Corbett died in
IH'iS, and in 1S54 he married Miss .Inlia Van
I'lirskirk, of Kansiii^linrf,'. New York.

In 1S71 Mr. Corhctt Iniilt a very tastefnl
and commodious dwellinir, on 275 Sixth street.
The land. lUO x 15(1 feet, cost him ,H,OU(). It is
now estimated as beinjr worth $25,000. On this
property he and his wife reside, surrounded with
all the comforts tliat they can desire and wealth
CHI) procure. Since hi» coming to I'ortland,
Mr. (^orhett lias been an intelligent and per-
si.stent worker, and he has led an iqirighf and
honorable life, such as commands the rc.«]iect of
every jj;ood man. lie has been, in politics, all bis
life a consistent Democrat, and has served in
the City Council and on the Police Commission,
but has lU'ver sought or desired office. lie has
cjuietly attended to his busi/iess, and he has not
only made liis own fortune, liiit has benefited
his city by the great street nilroad enterprise
he with others introihiced and carried out tliere.

*lMJ®®i*|«H

>„H=-

|.\NLEY U. SHIPLEY a good ilhis-
fration of the r-iiyin^' that "enterprise
and giiccesrt ao hand in hand,"' is a na-
live of I'roome county. New York, vvhere he
was born April 20, 1825. His father, Thomas
.1. Shipley, wac a native of England and of Eng-
lish parentage, and came to America in 1819,

when seventeen years of age. He located neiir
Fort Ticondeioga, and inai'ried Miss hovina
Rowley, a native of the .State of Vermont, and
a daughter id T>*'vi liou ley, who served hie
country as a soldier in tlie war of 1812. Tliey
had twelve chiidren, all of whom attained ma-
turity, and seven ot whom are still living, the
sid)ject of our sketch being the third of the
family. In J 851, our subject's parents moved
to Ohio, thevi a new and sparsely settled coun-
try, and were pioneers of Knox county, of that
Slate. In 1S54 they removed to Wisconsin,
where his mother died in 1871, his father sur-
viving her nine years, expiring in 1880, aged
seventy-six years.

When the subject of this sketch was twenty-
five years of age, lie purchased a farm of 240
acres in WisconsiTi, which lie improved by
erecting substantial buildings and cultivating
the land, residing on it for six years, and sohl
it advantageonsly, when he purchased another
in the same locality, to which he added from
time to time, imtil he had made of it a very val-
uable place, when he sold it, realizing a good
])rofit, and removed to J'erlin, of the same
State. Here he engaged in improving and
building on lands in that vicinity, doing a very
extensive and remunerative business until by
the . I nne floods he met sad roversalB of for
tune.

In 1873 became to Forest Grove, where he,
in company with his sons, rented a farm of GOO
acres, bt'longing to A.T. Smith, leasing it on terms
for twenty three years,and engaged extensively in
farming and the production of hay, becoming a
wholesale dealer in that commodity, and corv-
dncting business on a large scale, building large
warehouses at the depot, shipping great quan-
tities, and doing a remunerative business. lie
also purchased eighteen acres of choice resi-
dence ])roperty, situated near the station, on
which he built a substantial and commodious
home, suggestive of comfort and refinement,
the grounds of wliieh he has tastefully laid out
with attractive trees and ornamental shrubs,
rendering it one of the handBomest iilaces ii»
the city. His transactions 'n hay exportation
are largely at Portland pihI on the sound, and
he lias handled in a single year as much as
1,400 tons. In addition ti; his own business,
which has made a large market for tlio surplus
\my of the farms of his county, he has inter
ested bin. -elf in the various enterprises, tending
to bf i'olll hiS favorite city, and is a stockholder

i'lWi'.UUAtli** ■

niSTOUY Oh' OHKOON.

in tlie Klectric Lij{lit Coinpniiy, tliereliy cnaliling
ForeKt UrovB to artdiinu- a |iroiniiifiit position
in tlit'f ' 'o !Mi|»')rtiint liraiii-lit'- «>t' indiistry.

In 14 i7 lie was niarrioil to Miss iMarictt f^cu-
ville, a native of Oiiio, and a (huiffliter of Mr.
Ezekiel Ssovillu, a proinini-nt citizen ol tiiat
State. Tliey iiad fo\ir_ciiil(Jren: .*>ila». a gradn
ate of Pacitio University, and now an aMe law
yer of Seattle, Wasliinf/ton; two dangliters be-
came the wives ol Messrs. Haines and- I'ailey,
prociiinent niereliants of Forest Grove. Mrs.
Shipley died in 1M51, frreatiy lann nied i)y all
wIki knew her.

In 18()2 Mr. Shipley married Mrs. lilizaheth
Smith, the widow of I.'e.xter Smith, her maiden
name having been Elizabeth Ny*. a very esti-
nnible lady. Mr. Sliiplcy adopf«d her two
children, both dunghteiv, who afterward died.
In 187<>, their mother also ilied, amid a Iwjst of
sorrowing friends.

Some time later, Mr Shipley married Miss
Snsan L. .lohnson, a native of Verniont, a pop-
ular society lady, and possessing many charm.s
of person and character.

Mr. Shipley is a strong Kepnblican, and dnr-
ing the civil war, his brothers and tliree broth-
er's-in-law were all in the service, and he also
was active in the Union cause. While in iJer-
lin, Wisconsin, he was several times honored by
his constitnents by election to the (lity Council,
in which capacity he served with ability and in-
ctgrity. Since coming to Forest Grove, how-
ever, lie has declined all otlicial positions, as
interfering too much with private alTairs.

Alfable in manners, of conceded probity, and
sufcrior business ability, he has won the re-
spect and esteem of all people with whom he
has come in contact, and partic\ilarly of the
whole-souled citizens of Poorest Grove.

:ILL1AM ,1. GARUISON, an honored
pioneer of Oregon, having made his
advent on the, tlien, wild and unculti-
vated scene of this now great commonwealth in
1843, is a native of Uecatur county, Indiana,
where he was born March 13, 1827. His fa-
ther, Kiioch Garrison, was a native of Ohio,
where he was born July 20, 180tJ. His grand-
father. Abraham (iarri.-on, was an Ohio pioneer,
having located in that State at a very early day.
Mr. Garrison's father married Miss Margaret

Ilerron, a native of Kentucky, and a tlaughter
of Mr. Daniel Herron, a resjiected Iventin-ky
pionee". They had eight children, thiee of
whom are now living. His parents ami family
all crossed the plains to Oregon in 1843, com-
ing in the tirst emigrant train that ever camo
all the way in wugons. Tiny startt«l on April
lU and November 5 arrived in Oregon ("ity.
They located in Yam Hill county, four miles
south of McMinnville, where the father resided
until I'^SO, when Mr. (larrison purchased his
father's clnim, and his father went toCalifor-
iiia, when* he was absent for a year, after which
he resided with his son. ICnoch M., until his
death, in 1884. He was an able Methodist
■tinister, and preached on several circuits in
Oreffon, not ceasing his ministerial work until
his liealth necessitated his doing so. He did a
;;reat deal of good in disseminating leligious
knowledge, and that at a time when so few
laborers were in this Westtiii lield. HiL-wife
V. as a faithful and etticient coworker, and was
greatly beloved by the community. She died
in 187->, greatly lamentcl liy all who knew her.
The 8ubj«sct of our sketch was sixteeti year.^
of age when if came to Oregon. He remained
with his father on the home farm until 1848,
wlien, allured by the gold discoveries in Cali-
fornia, he went to that State, traveling (jverlatid
in company with a numl)er of his neighbors.
He .'irrived in Stanislaus county in September,
reinai;iing in the mines until the following
April, lie was very successful, making at times
as high as S10(i a day, and took his money back
to ' )regi)n with him.

On his return, in 1849, he was married to
Mi.ss Gornelii* Smith, a daughter of Frank Smith,
natives lyf Virginia. It was at this time that
he bougfaif his father's claim, on which he set-
tled, and munr »ali*«ble improvements and cul-
tivated the land, making of it a very valuable
farm, im* which he continued to n^side until
18rt7. \«rl»eii he came to McMinnville and en-
gage' in the livery business, lia\ing, at that
time, rhe only Itiisiness of tlie kind in town.
This he continued f^r aliout ton years, when he
sold out and engaged in the butcher business,
r..!iductiiig the latter enterprise until 1IS87. He
was at this time stricken with paralysis, and was
forced to retire from active business.

Mr. Garrison was of large physique and ex-
cellent Constitution, ot sober habits, superior
ri^-ntal aoility and great activity. He was very
idustrious, and was able to endure more fatigue

"i li

604

msroRY OF oRKaoN.

m\ 'i

tliHii inoKt men. lie whh fHitlii'iil to biit^iiicBM
mill liononil)!!' in liis doaliiii^s, tliiis securing
tin' (;()iitiil(?fi('o of tliL' jieople, am! !ic((uircil j^reat
iirosiicrity. Il(; was piililic-spirited, and lius
contributed materially to flie ifrowth of his
favorite city. He built the (Tarrison I'lock,
72 X OH, two storicB high, the up])er .story of
which i." used for an opera house, while the
lower story is occu|)ied liy the First National
Haid< and three stores. Besides this, he has
built a nuiri!)er of aood residencoB on desirable
residence property. He owns a large number
of city lots, comprising seventeen acres of land.
He sold his dotuition claim in various parcels to
different parties.

Atr. and Mrs. (Jarriscn '.lavc had three chil-
dren, two now living; Mary K. became the
wife of Henry Huker and died in her twenly-
sixtli year, leaving one child, since when her
husband has also died; Martha A. married Mr.
Frank Iledman, a McMinnville merchant: Mar-
garet I. became the wife of (J. W. Hulmau. To
her .Mr. (iarrison gave a valuable farm of sixty
acres, located near McMinnville, on which she
and her iiusbaiid now reside. To Mrs. Redman
he gave an ecjual value in McMinnville city
property, with whom he resides, his wife having
died in .lanuary, 1884. She iiad been a faith-
f il wife and <levoted mother for thirty-five
years, and was greatly lamented by a loving
family and a largo circle of friends.

For half a century now Mr. (iarrison has
watched with interest the development of the
whole country, and more particularly the mar-
velous prosperity of Mc.Mininille. He has not,
however, confined himself to looking on, but has
taken a most active part in bringing about this
very great change. When the Caynse Indians
made war on the settlers he enlisted, furnishing
his own equipment, and serveil faithfully and
etlicientlv throu>;h the war. Also, when fac-
tion.s of secessionists sought to take Oregon out
of the Union, he vigorously opposed their des-
picable machinations, and. with the Uepublicaii
])arty, aided and abetted the cause of the Gov-
ernment, lie has always abhorred oppression
of any kind, and hum;in slavery has always
stirreil his deepest iiidig/iation anil abhorrence,
so that it was not surprising that he should ha\e
desired to see the banners of liberty unfurlcil in
this beautiful State, instead of beholding the
brutal whi[) and baying bloodhounds.

As stated, his ' father was a well-known
ilethodist minister, which tact ha<l its influence

on his young mind, and one year after coming
to < )regon, when he was in his seventeenth year,
he became a member. of that church. The pass-
ing years served to binii him c!o.-er to its inter-
ests, uiui he has remlered etHcient service in its
cause. He has been a Trustee, Steward and Class-
leader, and has aided in.b.iilding the house of
worship, and been a prominent factor in the
churches' rightly bestowing its benevolence, as
well as .'Sustaining her in the elevation of society
and the disseminating of religious knowledge
among the people, and as such deserved the
highest respect and greatest esteem ' '' ' good
men.

glEOIlGE GIlEENWOOl) BINGHAM,

District Attorney of the county of Ma-
rion, and member of the law firm of D'Arcy
ifc Hingham, .Salem, Oregon, is a native of West
Salem, La ('rosse county, Wisconsin, born No-
vember 25, 1855. He is a sou of William II.
Binglian\, a native of England, who was
brought to America at the age of three years
by his father; the paternal grandfather settled
near Norwalk, Ohio, and in the '40s removed to
La Crosse county, Wisconsin, where he was one
of the pioneers. There William H. Hingham
was married to Miss Maria Kentner, a native
of New Vork State, and in 1868 they removed
to Missouii; throe years later they crossed the
plains to Oregon, and settled in Yam Hill
county. Mr. Bingham embarked in the saw-
mill and lumber business, and later turned his
attention to the furniture trade; the last twelve
years of his life, lie was one of the most suc-
cessful nerchants of McMinnville, Yam Hill
cimtity. He died suddenly of heart disease,
June It), 18!K). There were born to him and
his wife, si.x children, only two of whom sur-
vive, a daiigiiter and son, (ieorgo G.. the subject
of this biographical sketch. He was educated
in the i)ublic schools, and at the Baptist School
at McMinnville, having finished his literary
course, he went to the University of Michigan,
at Ann Arbor, andetiterod the law department,
from which he was graduated with honors in
1880. He returned the same year to < )regon,
and was admitted to practice in the Supreme
Court of the State. lie I'eguu his professional
work in Yam Hill county, where he remained
five years, removing ai the end of that period

lllSTnin OF (i/,'/:il)X.

to Salem; here lie was eiigagod i!i ])riictice fur
t^even years, tillin<j: the otlice of City Attorney
for two years. In ISIMI lie was electeil l>istriet
Attorney for tlie Tliinl .liulieial Distriet of

( ^'Cfrotl.

Tlie firm of D'Arcy & l!iiiglniiii was toriiieil
ill •Inly, IS'JO; liotli i^eiitlemeri have an envia-
ble reputation throughout the State as practi-
tioners of exceptional ability, and they have
won a large and remunerative practice. They
are retained by the State in the Taritf Charges
Case against the Southern Pacific Itailmad
Company; thi.s is considered the must important
litis;ation that has ever arisen in the State.

PoliMcally, Mr. liinghain atliliates with the
Uepublican party, and is in lull accord with its
princij)les. He is a member of the Masonic
fratcrnitv, Ijelonginir to the blue lodw, the
chapter and comraandery. lie ih a man of quiet,
unassuming manner in the social world, but in
his profession i.s found bold and aggressive in a
cause which he esteems just; his high and
honorable legal methods have won him the
respect of hi.s colleagues and the favor and con-
fideuce of '^he public.

— ^■iil:^®!^'^

^LVIN C. JHiOWN of Forest Grove, is a
pioneer and the son of a pioneer. They
arrived in Oregon in lS4t3 after a long
journey across the plains. He was i)orn in War-
ren county, Missouri, on June 13, 1^(29. His
fatiier, Orus I'rovvn, was born in Jtrimtield,
Massachusetts, on Se])temb8r 4, ISOO. FHs par-
ents were Kev. C!lark and Tabitha i'rown. His
mother was a coworker with Kev. Clark in
founding the Pacific Uuiver.sity at Forest Grove.
Tlie following record of the I'atnily was taken
from Kev. (JIark Brown's family record: The
Kev. James Noyes, the first settle<l minister in
Slonington, Coi-necticnt, was grandfather to the
liev. Clark Hro vn's own grandmother; he was a
Presbyterian m nister. a graduate of Harvard
University, lie married I )enty Stanton. Their
son, Ur. James Noyes, married the daughter of
Governor Sanford. of Khode Island. They had
six children and their daughter married John
Rrown, Kev. Clark Hrown's grsndfatlier. Tiieir
son. John Hrown, married Mary Holmes. They
were Kev. Clark Hrown's parents. Th<i Uev.
Clark Brown married Tabitha Moft'att, otdy
daughter of Dr. Joseph Moffat of Brimfield.

Massachusetts. Orus Brown, son uf tlie Rev.
Clark and Tabitha Brown married Theresa Da
vis.'daiighter of Mack Davis, of New ^'ork. They
were of old Puritan stock. These were our sub.
ject's parents.

The Kev. CMark Brown, A. M., was a lalenli'il
minister of the Congregational denominalioii
and many of his valuable sermons were printed
and now are in ))ossession of his grandson.

.\bout ISlti ^ir. I'rown's lather, Orus Brown,
removed with his parents to Maryland, where
iiis father died. In the year 1821 he removed
to Missouri, where he resided until iH4i}, wluMi
he crossed the Ko(d<y mountains with the first
train of wagoners that ever made thetrip ail the
way from .Nlipsouri to Oregon. In the fall of
1S45 he retniTied to Missouri in comjiany with
Dr. White ;ind two others. On the way they
had an encounter with the Pawnee Indians and
narrowly escapeil with their lives. The next
year he returned with his family, ."ncludinghis
mother ami sister and also very many other of
his friends, who came by hit) I'ecommendation.
From that time until his death, which occurred
in the seventy-fourth year of his age, he resided
in Oregon. Ho was a brave pioneer, a kind fa-
ther and a good citi;^en. By his fir-^t wife he bad
two children, Alvin C. and Andren Orus. He
married for his second wife Levina Waddles, of
Illinois. There were born to them in the East
seven children and six more were added to the
family after they moved West. This wife died
in the winter of 18(10.

jlis claim (tiefore the donation act) was where
Forest Grove now stands. He sold it to Harvey
Clark, who became the founder of the Pa<!ific
University. The price he was to receive on liis
return to • )regon was to be 500 bushels of wheat.
.\fter his return he took another claim, which
was his donation.

(rrandmother Tabitha i'ro.vn and her chil-
dren came to Oregon in a team of her own. Hei'
death occurred in 1858.

Alvin C. Brown, the subject of this sketch,
passed his seventeenth birthd.ay on the plains on
his way to Oregon. He remained witli his fa-
ther until he was twenty-one. When ho was
nineteen he selected his donation claim one mile
nortii of Forest Grove. He built his cabin on it
and resided with his father.

In September, 1864. he married Sarah A.
Koss of Pennsylvania, and the daughter of Lu-
ther Ho88. She crossed the plains in 1847, with
her stepfather, Israel Mitchel, a prominent pi-

f'^-i^'fr

600

UIHTOHY OF OUKGON.

oiieur, wlio \vii» tlic Hiirvoyor of turust Cirove.
In 1^47 iiftfM* the Wliitirmii rniis.suc.re, Mr. Urown
joined Oaptsiiii Hiill's company of Wiioliiiij^ton
county. I'licy fiirnislicil their own 0ijiii|)ni(fnt6.
He servi'il until the Iinliiin.s were Inoui^ht to
terrnH. iMr. ISrown eoiitiiuied on his farm for
twenty years, and still owns 200 acres of it.
His son i» now farming it. Mr. lirown piir-
ehased a home in Forest (irove and moved into
it Septcmher It), lS7o, wiiere he hfw since re-
sided. His wife has borne him nine children,
nix of whom an* livino: one son, l!]lmer, is a phy-
sician at Ta<'oma; Amer V. is on the farm;
Krnis V,. is a driii;ii;i>t at Ilillshoro; Mary T., is
the wife of Mr. Ilei'nion I^cwis, who resides at
Ilns.sellvi||e; Hmina Q., is a teacher at liussell-
ville; and Elizaheth is with her paients. Mrs.
lirown is a ('onjijregationlist and Mr. Brown has
views of his own re;i;ar(ling relifjion, lint inclines
to tlit^ Swedenhorgian faith. He is a Republi-
can and was a strong Union man and a member
of the Union League at the time the Oovern-
irient was in jeopardy. He is a man of ideas
anil is thoroughly conversant with the history
of the early times in Orcj^on and is a reliable
citizen of the now great State, of which he is an
honored pioneer.

^-<#'*SW®®{!

>*'i^

M)N. STEWART M. PENNINGTON, an
Oregon pioneer of 1847, and a resident of
Albany, was born in Monroe county, Ken-
tucky, in 1824.

His panMits, John and Jemima (Howser)
Pennington, were natives of Virginia and Ten-
nessee respectively, and of Scotch-tTerinan de-
scent. They lived in Kentucky for a number
of years, and in 1831 moved from there to
Mci'onouj;;!) county, Illinois, locating on Orand
Prairie af Pennington Point, where the father
followed farming and stock-raising on his farm
of ItiO acres. Here Stewart was reared, worked
on the farm in summer and during the winter
months contiing his lessons in the little log
schoolhouse hard by.

In April, 1847, the subject of our sulgect
started for Oregon, joining? the family of Com-
modore Rose, of Schuylei' county Illinois, and
agreeing to drive the team for his b.iard. Ar-
riving; at !'\)tt II'iU, as provisions were running
short, he was relieved from further service, anil
ii! company vvitli four filliers started with pack

j animals for Oregon City. At IJoise river the
Indians stole alltheir animals and they were left
with no means of transportion; but, meeting
with some friendly Indians, old clothes were
traded for Indian ponies, two hickory shirts
beiii;^ the purchase price of one pony, and, thus
e((ui])ped, they proceeded. They crossed the
Cascades by the ISarlow route, soon after that
trail was opened, and arrived at Oregon (Mty,
September 23, 1847. The emigration of that
year was very great, and after reaching their
destination they found it difficult to get em-
ployment. Wheat and potatoes, at SI per
bushel, were lefj;al tender. Voung Penning-
ton, however, soon found work in the old
island sawiuill owned by Governor Abernethy
and operated by R. D. Torney, and remained
there until the first of March. He was then
transferred to Portland to look after shippinjj
the lumber, and in April went to Tualitin
plains and superintended the working of Mr.
Torney's farm. In January, 1849, he started
for California, via sail vessel, and in the mines
at S|)anish bar, on the middle fork of the Amer-
ican river, mined with fair success a few months.
Ne.\t, we find him at Sacramento, conducting a
grocery and provision store. In this enterprise
he was also successful. In November, 1849,
he returned to Oregon, and was soon after-
ward married. The following summer he
passed in the mines, this time meeting with
sickness and bad luck. Returning to Oregon
in the fall, iie settled on' his donation claim
of f)40 acres, which he had located four miles
north of Lebanon in 1848, and began farming,
grain being his chief product. In 1871 he
rented his farm, moved to ITmatilla county,
engaged in the stock business, and continued
there until 1885. That year he returned to
Willamette valley and settled at Albany, pur-
chasing his present home on the corner of Lytin
and Ninth streets. He still has a band of 150
horses in Washington — Clydesdale and Per-
cheron stock. He also ownes about f)00 acres of
land near Lebanan and valuable town property
in Albany.

Mr. Peimington was elected to the State Sen-
ate in 1378, and re-elected in 1882. The duties
of that impiirtant position he tilled with much
credit to himself and hi.s constituents. He
served as a member of the standing oomi\iittees
on Ways and Means iin<l Public Ruildings and
Railroads, being an active worker in the same.

February 28, 1850, M.r. Pennington mRrri«*i

r. v=^-- '-'vwii^i.'-*; ^^»^ y^' '^^ V>?*" "'}*^:-'*:.-. ?^

nisrOHY Oh oliEdON.

6»7

Miss Al)ifjail Cooper, fi daiif^liter of Sniiuifl
{,V)Opi;r, tlie (hooper t'litnily luniiif; <•rol^^ell the
plains in the coinpiiiiy witli which Mr. I'en-
niiigtoii trrtvele(), in 1M4:7. Of their chihireii.
all reached mature lite, there are but fonr liv-
ing, namely; Mary, wile of Dr. .1. I,. Hill, of
Albany; Cliarles Clyde; Alice, widow of Free-
land kieliards; Celia, the yoiiiiges. The two
latter still make their home with their
parents.

Air. Pennington is an honored member of
tile Masonic fraternity, and a consistent sup-
porter of the Haptist (!liurch. He an<l his
amiable companion, after a life of many hard-
ships nTid privations incident to pioneer life,
are now enjoying the comforts of their pleasant
hutiie, and the esteem of the entire community.

SON. Al^GUSTUS UIPr.E\ HUKHANK,
a witlely known Oregon pioneer, an emi-
nent jiulilic man and intl\ienlial citizen of
La Fayette, Yarn Hill county, Oregon, was born
near Cincinnati, Ohio, April 15, 1817. He was
of English and Scotch descent, iiis ancestors
having been early settlers of New England.

His father was born in Williainstown, Massa-
chusetts, March 6, 1770, of English and Irish
ance-.try. He married Miss Margaret Pinchen,
a native of .\ttica, New York State, where she
was born January 4, 1774, of Scotch ilescent.
Tiiey had eleven ('hildreii, only two of whom are
now living. In 1814 his parents removed to
Ohio, which was then a new and unsettled
country, and located on a farm near Cincinnati,
where the subject of our sketch was born three
years later, in 1817. The father was a miller
and farmer, and was esteemed on account of his
industry and enterprise. He was a distinguished
Major in the war of 1812, serving in that
memorable conflict with great valor. He was a
worthy member of the Methodist, tiien the
Presliyteriaii Church, and Masonic order, and is
imbued with the principles of true goodness and
greatness.

From Ohio the family removed to Illinois
in 1*<18, which was then the extreme frontier,
and where the father was engaged in milling.
Here the faithful wife and devoted mother died
at Exeter, Illinois, on July 14, 1820, leaving a
distressed family and nsany friends to mourn
her loss. She was a member of the Methodist

Church, a latiy of rare intelligence and many
,iccompli>lim('Uts, who endeared herself to all by
her practical Christian virt\ies, to wliich she
lent tlu^ charm of a deeply loving heart. Her
husband survived her six years, expiring in the
family of a friend, at Meredosia, llliiu)i». Oc-
tober 27, lNi$2. His honorable dealings, superior
business ability, progrt»ssive disposition ami
uniform courteousne-s ixaineil for him the esteem
of all, and caused him to be greatly lamented.
Hoth the parents are buried at E.teter (Illinois)
cemetery.

The subject of our sketch attended the public
schools, and on the death of his father, at the
ago of fifteen entered a store as a clerk, in which
capacity he served for several years. In 1843,
he, witli a partner, began mercantile business in
Naples, Illinois, where he ('(Uitinued in the same
business for seven years, building up cpiite an
extensive trade, his business increasing to sucli
an extent that it r(>(piired the attention of him-
self and partner and several clerks. His health
at this time became ini|)Hired, and he was ad-
vised to travel, so he put a (deik in his place in
the store, and in the spring of 1849 started
across the plains for the gcjld fields of (Jali-
fornia.

The change and outdoor life proved very
beneficial, and he found Iiis journey a most
romantic and enjoyable one*, .\rriviiig at Sacra-
mento, California, September 26, 1849, he be-
cami- 8C(juainteil with a gentleman, with whom
he joitieil interests- in the spring of 18.")(), and
they went to Nevada City. California, where
they engaged in mining and merchandising.
Thtv were very successful, and he continued
the;e> for one year, when he sold out. After
v'siting many places he returned to his homo in
Illinois. In May, 1851, he sold out his inter-
ests at the old store, and moved to and started
in business in Hloomitigton, Illinois, being also
somewhat engaged in real-estate business at
that point.

On May 1. 1845, he was married, in .lackson-
villc, Illinois, to Miss Mary Ellen Ecklos, a
native of Milford, Delaware, where she was born
January 14, 1827. She was a dauahter of Jesse
Eckles, one of the Society of I'riends.

In 1853 he sold his business in Illinois, and
with his wife came via the Isthmus of San
Juan, to Oregon, where he had intended going
into business in Portland, Init finding it over-
done in business, he came on to La Fayette,
Oregon, where he arrived June 18, 1853. Here,

i:!;'^:-

6U8

nisronr of ojisaoy.

\!k

witli ii [laitiinr, lit; ntiirtod in biK^iiiess, in wliicli
lu! coiitiiiiU'd until tliu Indiiiii war of ISDu-'oO,
when lie sold out and went to I'ortliind, and in
IH')H lie went to ami (jpi'iied a stoi'e in Victoria,
liritisli Ciihuiibia, at tlie time of the Fniser
river j^old mine excitement. In the i-priii^ of
ISTjCi he made the tirst etl'ort for locatinj^j ( Ire-
j^on'ti tirst woolen factory at Salem, the cajiital,
and to bring in water there from the Santiain
river for water power, which waii adopted hy
the factory company, and the water was hronght
in, which has ever |)rovcii of ^reat wealth and
life to the city in running her factories and
mills, which value is hard to compute. Dut
few (d' hei- peojile of today know that he was
the lirst mover in this matter. He, in the fall
of 1S58, went to Monticello, Washington, where
he cnj;aged in the hotel business; was I'ost-
mastcr and stagi^ Hj^eiit, in which he continued
successfully for nine years, when he sold out
and returned to l^a Fayette, Oregon, August 'J,
ISliT, where he had a lmsines.< with his l/rother-
in-law. lie jiiirchascd his partner's interest
and continued in the business alone until No-
vember, 1885, when he sold out and retired.
In every one of his iiusiness ventures he was
successful, which can be said of but few who
have spent a long life in various enterprises.

lie owns two farms in attractive parts of tlie
valley; located adjoining !,a Fayette, on a small
farm and home place, lie has a large and hand-
some home, pleasantly situated and surrounded
with ornamental trees and tlowering shrulis,
the whole suggestive of comfort and retinement.
lie has invested in projierty elsewhere, owning
real estate in Portland, besides which he has
laud near there, and other lands.

Mr. and Mrs. nurliank raised but one daugh-
ter, Hva Jj. Burbank. who attained to beautiful
womanhood. She graduated at St. Helen's
Academy, Portland, and was a tine musician
and aci'timplished artist. August 15, 1880, she
accompanied a bathing [larty to North Peach,
where, venturing too far out, she was caught by
the undertow, and although strenuous efforts
were made to rescue her, they were all unsuc-
cessful, and her precious remains were never
recovered. In their parlor stand her organ ai)d
piano, and the parlor walls are hung with
numerous charming bits of paintings, all the
Work of her skillful tingeis and talented mind.
A life-si/c.d painting of licr.self also adorns the
walls, a beautiful r-ubjccf. e.Xfjuisitely executed,
whure the sweet face eet'ms brimming over with

merriment, and she appears about to speak.
The painting is the work of a celebrated artist,
procured at a very great cost, and is the nearest
representative that her parents could secure on
eai'th of that bright spirit, which departed this
life in innocence, to mingle with those radiant
beings, blest inhabitants of the world beyond.

A prophecy made to Mr. Purbank when a
boy, by an old gentleman, has often recurred to
him during his public life in Oregon. When
young he used to attend debating schools in his
native town, and one evening somewliat dis-
tinguished himself, when an old gentleman
friend called on him on the next morning, and
said: "Young man, I see you have talent,
which, if improved, will make you a leader
among men; and, if your life is spared, remem-
ber my prophecy.''

He ^vas raised a Democrat, and when the war
broke out, attended the lirst Union meeting
held on the Pacific coast, at M(jnticello, Wash-
ington, of which he was chairman, and where
he took a strong stand on the side of the main-
tenance of the (Tovernment of the United States.
U|)on the organization of the Republican party
he joined it, as it voiced the political ideas
which he held, and has since consistently ad-
hered to it, and being a man of ability in ox-
pressing liis ideas has been a leader in political
affairs, and coi'tributed materially to the prog-
ress of the party in his locality and State.

In 1855 lie was elected to the Territorial
Legislature of Oregon. He then returned to
Monticello, Washington, where for three years
he served in the Territorial Council in 1859,
1800 and 18(51. Later, having distinguished
himself as a thorough parliamentarian, and an
impartial, honorable man, he was chosen presi-
dent of the council, discharging his dnties in
that capacity with entire satisfaction to liis
fellow-men. After his return to La Fayette,
Oregon, he was, in 1872, elected to the State
r^eoislatnre of Orei;on. He thus had much to
do in organizing the great commonwealths of
Washington and ( hvgon, ami in furthering
their highest and best i'lterests, for which he
has the gratitude of all sincere friends and ad-
mirers of these two colossal members of the
glorious sisterhood of tstates. Ills name and
deeds are indelibly engraved on the great hearts
of these comnionwealtiis, and future genorations
will read those records and ble>s him.

He and his faithful wife are worthy members
of the Kpiscopal Church of Portlaml, but

,. ^■^t -,^-1 k^^-. •-•*'

■» gM MMg r» i» >y mr ^ m^

UIsTiiHY (IF il/i/:'l,<L\\

ODD

liiiving no chiirdi of that (leiioiniimtioii in
La l'\vftte, they attciiil tlic otliiM- cliin'oli tliero,
to the 8U|)jHirt of wliioli they Notli c'(iiitri()iito,
wliifli is aiiotlior L'xainpK' yf tlieir interest in all
^ouii cnusi's,

lie is a prominent nii'ini)cr of tlie I'ioiioer
Society of Oregon, in wliicli he has t;ik''ii ai;
interest for many years.

Tims is every gooil life an aid an.l encoiirai;e-
ment to otliers. The lif!- jii.^t ■econled has,
tiirough its own natural ability, elevated not
only itself, but also all people and causes eon-
neeted with it, as tjie oak sn|)ports the vine.
His influence upon the atfairs of these States is
imuieasurahle; as a pohl le dropped into a pool
makes circle upon circle arise, so his words
liave affected for the best the ulfairBof a people,
a nation and a world.

UlARLES V. KUYKENDAl.L, one of
Yam Hill comity's most prominent farm-
ers, was born in Hampshire county, Vir-
ginia, April 2, 1851.

Tiie Kiiykeiidalls oriirinated in Germany,
were among the earliest settlers of Virginia, and
as far .ts known, were planters and Presby-
terians. Mr. Kuykeiidall's father, Luke Kuy-
kendall, married ^Miss Eliza Ann "Williams, a
native of Virginia. They had seven ciiildren,
four of whom are now living. In 1852 the
family moved to Indiana, and five years liter
froiii there to Illinois. At Danville. Illinois,
the father died in 1858. The mother is now a
resident of Nortli Yarn Hill, and is in her sixty-
seventh year. Charles V. was the fifth born in
this family. After the death of his father he
returned to Virginia, and was reared on a farm.
In 18()8, at the age of seventeen, he came to
Oregon. His mother had married Mr. William
Simmons, and the family came to Oregon by
way of the Isthmus route, arriving at Vaiurouver
( )ctober 25. 18(58.

Upon his arrival here, the subject of our
sketch first worked by the day. Then for two
years he taught school, receiving his board and
$411 per month. We «e.\t find him in I'olk
county, Oregon, living on a rented farm, his
sister Mary keeping house for him. He culti-
vated this farm, 100 acres, for three year.s, and
met with good success. About this time he
Cftuic to North Vani Hill on a visit, and while

hero hecainoacquainted with Miss Eliza. I. I>avis,
daughter of TlK)mas ('. Davis. (A biogia|>hy
of Mr. Davis will l)c< found elsewhere in this
volume.) .\pril 24, 1H75, after an ac((iiaint-
ance of three years. .Mr. Kuykendall and Miss
l)a\is were hajipily mariied. They li\ed on the
Davis homestead, conducting farming opera-
tions, until 1S8(), when Mr. Kuykendall pur-
chased th<( land on which he now lives. It had
been a part of his father-in-law's donation claim
and had been sold off. When Mrs. Kuykendall
got her |)ortion of her father's estate it adjoined
Mr. Kuykendall's purchase, so that now they
have 208 acres of the original claim. On this
property they have aline residence, which com-
mands a view of one of the most delightful
portions of Oregon. Mr. Kuykendall is re-
garded as one of the most enterprising and
successful farmers in the State, liaving gained
considerable distinction for the interest he has
taken in the raising of tine cattle and horses.

He and his wife have had ten chihlren. one
of whom died in infancy. The others are:
Lena iM., Estella li., Zillali I?., Lawrence II.,
Kathleen E., Jennie P., Nannie H., Mollie L.,
and Charles.

Mr. Kuvkendall is a charter member of tlie
Farmers' Alliance, and in politics is a Demo-
crat, lie and his wife are worthy members of
the Christian Church.

^4«?^-.,^*

IIOMAS C. DAVIS, deceased, came to
Oregon in 1845, and was one of the most
worthy pioneers of the State.
Mr. Davie was born in Missouri, October 'J,
1821. In his twenty-sixth year he crossed the
plains to Oregon, and for one year worked at
whatever he could get to do. When gold was
discovered in California ho went overland to the
mines at Yreka, met with success, and after
about a year and a half returned to Oregon.
Here, on the 2yth of August, 1850, he married
Miss Nancy A. Hines, a native of Cole county,
Missouri, born September 21. 1830. After his
marriage he purchased the donation claim on
the southeast corner of which North Yam Ilill
hps since been built. The hopeful young couple
liegan wedded life in a little log cabin, using a
dry goods Inix for a table and having \ei'y few
of the comforts of life. As the years rolled by.
prosperity attended his earnest efforts; he raispd

700

IIISTDIIY UK OHKWJN.

I. i

:!■'■)

'« 1 ;i

stiic!; ai'.il Hi'.ilii, mnl ii tint; rcrtidcnce U)uk tlie

(,ln('(! of liirt liiiirilili' ciiliiii. lit" (leveli>|)(<cl hjs
iiriri into one of tlic Hni'st in this Hcction of tlio
State. And such whs tlie liiiini)le lifeiind kind
heart of tiiiK pioneer tliiit lie Ke<Mired and on-
joyed tlie coiiliileiice ami love of all his iieigh-
iiors and a wide cirele of friends. He was
reared a Democrat, Imt when the war hroki; out
he cast IiIh vote and inlluenee on the Union
Hide.

Mr. and Mrs. Davis had four daiiirliters. as
follows: Surah K., who was horn Septeinher 1,
1851, was twiee married, and at lier death,
March 10. ISlStl, left two children; Mary M..
liorn April ~7. 1S53, married John Harris, and
resides on a portion of the (tld homestead; Kliza
.1.. horn .Novemher 17, 1855. is tiie wife of O.
V. i\uykeM<lall, mention of whom is made else-
where in this work: and Isahel H., horn Sep-
temher 15, 1858, married Richard Haird, and
lives on her portion of her father's estate. In
liis will Mr. Davis divided his property etjnally
amoiicf his four dan^hters. All have nice resi-
dences, are comfortal)ly sitnated to enjoy life,
and they and their families are ranked with the
most highly respected citizens of the com-
iiiutiity.

+»j==-

li^Mws®<i#H

kll. CLARK SMITH, was horn in (Treemip,
Cnmberland comity, Illinois. .lanuary KJ,
1843. His father; William E.Smith, was
from (Miio, near Columhus. His fi;randl'atlier,
,fesse Smith, was one of the first settlers of
i'^airfield county, Ohio. The family have heeii
industrious fanners and earnest Methodists.
Mr. Sniith, Sr., inarried Miss Nancy Adams, of
the same State and they have had ten children,
all hut oil'' of whom he hrought with him to
Oregou in 1864-. They selected in Washington
county, four miles north of IlillsUoro, and pur-
chased a farm. Here Mr. William K. Smith
resided until 189"2, when he moved to Hillshoro.
His wife died in 1871 and four of the nine
children, who came to Oregon with them, are
also dead.

Dr. Smith was the second son and was edu-
cated rt Marshall College, Illinois and at the
State Normal University. He left college in
1864 to go to Oreijon, where he finished his
literary course, and from the Willamette Uni-
versity received his M. A. degree in 1869.

Later he studied mediciiu' and graduated, in
1879, from the Te.xas Medical CollejiC' in (tal-
veston, Ttixas. He (iracticed in Te.xas for
several years, was engaged in educational v\'ork
in various colleges and later at the Rocky
Mountain Seminary at Salt Sake City. Healso
practiced his profession in Mexico and at Fort
Scott, Kansas. He occupieil for a year the po-
sition of Superintendent of lnstru(;tion and
teacher at the Tule river inilian reservation.
He was also pastr)r of the Methodist Church at
Tulare, Tulare City, California, and then lived
at Fresno, California. After this he was
sent io Central Africa as a medical missiomiry
under IJishop Taylor. In 1886 he retinidfrom
Africa and began the the practice of inedieiniMit
(k)rnelius, Wnshington county, Oregoji, where
he has since resided and continued his practice.
In 1888 he was elected (bounty Superintendent
of Instruction, in which capacity he served for
four years. During his term he has formed
over twenty new districts and has introduced
many valuable improvements in the methods of
the schools of the county. He has done much
valuable work and greatly advanced the school
interests of the county, to the great satisfaction
of all parties interested in educational allairs.

Dr. Smith was inarried in 1872 to Miss
Anina Royal, of Illinois, an accomplished
school teacher. They had four children, namely:
William Edward, May Caroline, Jesse Karl and
Grace Adeline. In 1885, while at Melange, in
Central Africa, Mrs. Smith died, and in 1888
Mr. Smith married Miss Regina Stadler, of
F"airtnount, Illinois.

The Doctor on coming to Cornelius purchased
a pleasant home, where he now resides. He is
a Republican in politics and is widely and favor-
ably known in Oregon as a successful phywician
of the allopathic school and an enthusiast in
educational affairs.

'llOMAS TUCKER, of Hillshoro, Wash-
"fAVi '"i^'on county, (Jregin, arrived at Port-
land on the twenty-ninth of August, 1852.
He was born iti Indiana, on the twenty-third
of August, 1831, and is the son of Henry B.
Tucker, of Kentucky, born December 12, 1804.
Grandfather William Tucker was from North
Carolina an<i was one of the pioneers of Ken-
tucky, where it is believed he was killed by the

Jifswiir oh' (iiih'iioy.

701

Indians. The Tnckern were early Bottlern of
North Carolina. Mr. Henry Tncker went to
Indiana and was one of the early settlcrHof that
State, and married Hlizahi^th AleKay, of North
Carolina and of Scotch aiieestry. Her father
was a soldier in the war of 1812. They had six
chi]<ireii in Indiana, and in 1852 they crossed
the plains to ( )regon. Mr. Tucker, our subject,
was then in his twenty-first year. Ills father
and family settled on a donation clain in AVash-
inffton county, near the east lino of the county,
where he built a cabin and began ])ioneer life,
lie lived many years on this farm and is now
residing with his son Thomas in II lUsboro, and
is in his eighty-eighth year. His wife died
August 1, 1881. Our subject began his life in
Oregon by working by the day at what he
could get to do and in 183-4 he settled on 160
acres in Washington county, on which he built
a cabin and made imjirovcments. He married
Mary Ann McKay, of Indiana, and the daughter
of Thomas McKay. They came over the tilains
in the same company. Their union was blessed
with five ciildren: Lucinda J., William ().,
Elizabeth and Louisa. The eldest married
("liarles L. Hanson, and she died when she was
thirty-one. Elizabeth is now Mrs. U. Cardner.
Mr. Tncker resided on his farm until 1890.
He had improved itand made it valuable and sold
it and wont to Hillsboro, and purchased a block
on Main street since, where he has a nice house,
and amuses himself in caring for his grounds.
Mr. Tucker has been since the early history of
Oregon an ardent and active Republican, and
was outspoken in all the early formation days in
the history of his State, and with others is enti-
tled to his full share of credit for. the growth of
the State. He is upright and honorable and
has the esteem of all people. He is an honor-
able member of the ])ioneer society. In 1883
500 of tlie pioneers of the State formed a party,
chartered a train and made an excursion East to
visit the homes of their childhood. Mr. Tucker
was one of that j)arty, and he with the rest of
the worthy men had a very good time.

fO H N R A S T, proprietor of the Rosebnrg
Rrewery, was born in Switzerland, in 1838.
In 1854 lie emigrated to the United States,
landing at New Orleans, thence proceeded up the
Mississippi river to 8t. Louis, in 1855 went to

Indejiondence, Missouri, in 185!) to Shasta \'al
ley, tJalifornia, four months later lu'gan w.rk on
a farm and in a sawmill at Scdtlsburg, Dmighis
county, Oregon; in 1S()2 assisted in thecrection
of a mill at(iardner, and in lS(!t came ti> liose
burg. He formed a partn(>rship with Agotlili
M(dil, in the bri.'wery business, whiidi was es-
tablished in I85ti by Sclu>nerman iV Fudler.
The daily capacity is fifteen barrels per day.
Mr. Uast is also interest(«l in the lioseburg
Roller Mills, the first («V(>r erected in the county.
lie was married in 18(5-1 to Clara .lones, a mi-
tive of this State, and they have six children,
viz.: Regina. Samuels., .Mamie, .lolin. (n^rtrude
and Lee. Socially, Mr. Rast is a Mason, and
in his political views is a Democrat, llt^ has
served five years as a member of the City Coun-
cil, and is recognized as one of Roseburg's most
highly esteemed citi/.ens.

fOlIN J. COOKE, of the hardware firm of
Wilson & Cooke, Oregoti City was born in
Damascus, Clackamas county, Oregon, Feb-
ruary 29, 1859. His father. W. \V. Cooke, came
to Oregon in 1852, being a native of South Car-
olina, born in 1823. His ancestors were early
settlers in bis native State, where he was reared
to manhood and married Miss Nancy Young, a
native of North Carolina, coming from one of
the old families of that State. After their mar-
riage they removed to Missouri, whore they had
five children, which they brought with them in
their journey across the plains, in 1852. They
settled on a donation claim of 320 acres of land at
Damascus, on whi<di Mr. (Jooke built a cabin and
the family began the life of the worthy Oregon

{lioneer. He improved his property, made a fine
arm of it and resided on it until his death. He
was an honorable man and enjoyed the esteem
and respect of every one. In politics he was a
Democrat and a member of the Masonic fratern-
ity. His wife (lied in 1872 and he died three
years later, in 1875. Five children were added
to the family in Oregon, and of the entire ten,
seven are now living: the daughter, Sarah mar-
ried the Rev. Alfred C. Ilowlitte, a Methodist
ininister, and resides in Jackson county; Mary
is the widow of Mr. F. W. Foster and resides at
Clackamas station; Mildred became the wife of
Mr. M. E. Willoughby and died. August, 1891;
William H., is a biisjnes^ ijian oC Oregon City;

7(ia

IllHTOIiY Oh' OHKdON.

Alttcrt W.,iHii riirniorat I>hiiih8uiih', •!. >i., i^oiir
i-ijlij('('t; Alfred ().; hiiiI •). il., ii« a 111:111 iifaiU-
Nrcr ill till! city nl rnrilaiiil.

.) . .1. Oipiikt! wan '(liicatcd in tlic |iiilili<- kcIiooIh
III' liitt iialivt^ niacd and IcarniMi tlit.* tradi* of
IplactiHniith, at \vlii(di lie worked lor livi; yearh
in ()re).'oii City. lie then enj^af/ed in the livery
liiiHincKH, with IiIh lirother for Buven years, niuet-
in}» with nntiHl'a(rtory biu'cl'kh, when he wold \\\s
interest and piireliaM'd Mr (iraces' interest in
tin; linn ol May iV; (iraee, retail grocers, lie ran
tliis liiisiiiesH lor a year and then sold it to iU'iit-
ley iV ("aiiiplieil and j)iir<'liased a halt' interest in
.Mr. WilsonV hardware liiisinesh, in wdiieli he i»
n<iw eiif^aued, doiiif; a j)ros|ieriiiis and reliahle
Inisiimss with the fanners of the (;onitty for
twenty-live niilee alioiit. In addition to hii>
other interests he is intt^rested in considerahle
city property and has Iniilt a fine residence; has
several other houses in the city.

Mr. (!o()k(^ was married, Aiifrust, 1S87, to
.Miss j.enora Ileatie, a native (d' Orefjon (Uty,
and the daui.;liter cd' Mr. ('. I''. Heatie, who oame
to ( )re;,'on in 1S")2. Mr. and Mrs. Cooke have
one child, Allen I'".

Mr. ('ooke has been an active nnnnlierof the
City Fire 1 )c|iartnient tor several years and is
now an exempt, lie has ])assed all the eliiiirs
Ml the 1. (>. ( ). 1'". lodife, and is one of the re-
liahlei linsiness men and j,'ood citizens of Orefjon,
taking an interest in everythinir calcuhited to
advance the interests of the city.

IDWIX C. CROSS, who is well known as
a successful business man of Salem, is one
(d' her native sons, born (Jctoher 17, lSo9.
Thomas Cross, his father, was a pioneer of the
State (d' Oregon; he was born in England, April
1, 1810, and emigrated to the United States
in 1844; he located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
where lu^ remair.ed until 185'i. In that year he
nia<le a journey across the (lains with ox teams,
arrivin.g in Salem, Oregon, here he opened a
meat market, and carried on a thriving business
until his death, which occurred in 1884. lie
liad been united in maniage to Miss Phiina V.
Slateii, a native of New York, and to them were
born three children, two sons and a daughter:
Frank U., May P.; anil Edwin (-., the subject
of this biographical sketch. He received his
education m the public schools of Salem and in

tho WillHini'tte University. In 1884 he ein-
Imrked in the meat anil butcher business in u
small way, l>ut he mioii won a large and paying
patronage. In l8,Sti he found that the demands
of his trade necessitated a second market, which
he established on Court street; he has a con-
stantly inereasiiig husinecs, the secret of hiit
popularity being his earnest, honest endeavor
to supply his customers with the best the mar-
ket aifords.

Mr. (Voss is A member of the 1. O. O. F.,
and has jiassed all the chairs id' his lodge.
Politically, ho supports the iseiies of the Re-
publican party, but in city and county alfairs
lie casts his sutl'rage for the men best suiteil to
the offices in question.

lie was united in marriage April 14, 188(5,
to Miss .lessie IJasket, a native of Pidk county,
< )rt'gon, and a daughter of (ieorge liasket, who
came to the State in 1849. Mr. and Mrs. (^ross
are the parents of three children, who were all
born ill Salem; Curtis B., Alva E., and Veida
May.

_. ♦^^.4:» ^4.* rr ^

fOllN REVXOLDS. M. 1)., is an honored
lesident of Salem, and one of her most
successful physicians. He is also one of
the good men ai d true that the Buckeye State
has sent to the I'acilic coast to engage in tho
development of the unlimited resources, and
build tlu^ commonwealths that have added luster
to the alrea<ly brilliant gala.\y. Or. Reynolds
was born at Beverly, Ohio, October 2, 1887, a
eon of Dr. Lloyd Reynolds, a native of Penn-
sylvania. The father was reared in I'ittsburg,
and there married a daughter of that city, Miss
Elizabeth (ilass; they removed to Beverly, Ohio,
where he practiced his profession for thirty-
eight years; his death occurred there in 18()5.
Dr. Reynidds, Jr., is the fourth of a family of
nine cliildren. He was reared and educated
amid the scenes of his birth, and practiced his
profession there ten years. He was married at
Beverly, to Jtiss S. A. Truesdell, a native of
that place, and of this union were born to them
four children.

For some years previous to his removal to
Oregon, Dr. lioyiiolds had made a study of the
State and her resources, and with jiro|)hetic eye
saw that her future was no mean one. In 1874
he emigrated to the Pacific coast, leaving old

lllf*rni;y i<F (ilihUmS.

Tim

aiJHouiiitiiiMs, trii'il I'liciuls uml ii wcll-csiiililinlicil
|iriii'tic(( lor till' iiiitiifil loi'i iiiii't* of :i i'oiii|iiiru-
lively new eoimtiy; lii! wan iic'iniiimiiii'il liy lii«
wile anil chilili'cii. lie settieil in Salem, iiiiil
iinineiiiately entereil ii|iiin [iriilessiinial work,
iiiiil liHH met witli HiitirtfHctory success. He liii<<
invested in liotli city ami farm property, ami liin
wide knowledire of the State ami natural comii-
tiuns hart emtliluil hi in to make a wiHu choice of
lanil. He lias ^iveii especial attention to horti-
culture, and was ainoiij; the lirst to demoMstralo
the adapfahility of this section to tile culture of
French |)riincH; lie has twenty-live acres dcn-oted
to this fruit, and is increasiiiir the acrtm^re every
year. He also cultivates cherrie.s and Martlett
pears, and the occnpaMon att'ords a needed recre-
ation and produces protitahle reti.nis.

Three of t\w Doctor's children were horn in
Ohio, and one is a native of Oreiron; tiiey are
named as folio vs: Mary H., Kate I)., Lloyd T.
and John W. Kate I), is the wife of ",!.().
(ioltra, and resides in Portland. Station in life
is not considered hy Dr. Reynolds when a fel-
low-creature is in (listress. Ho has the hij;hest
res[)ect of his brother physicians, and the deep-
est gratitude of those who have received his
ministration.

fUIKiE HA11TWP:I,L HUliLEV, an emi-
nent jurist of Portland, is a native of the
State of Maine, Ijorn September 28, 18;J9.
His father, Uev. Andrew Kiirley, was horn in
Nova Scotia, in 1732. Their ancestors were of
Scotch-Irish descent. ' Grand fathiM-, Andrew
liiirley, came to America in an early day, locat-
ini; in Nova Scotia. He was accompanied to
this country hy his wife, and their family was
reared in Nova Scotia. Jiidj;e Hurley's father
was a Methodist minister. He married Jane
Moore, a native of Nova Scotia, and they re-
moved to Maine, where si.\ of their children
were born. They later returned to Nova Scotia,
where they remained a few years. In 184(1 they
started with a horse t(!am from near Pictou,
Nova Scotia, on the Atlantic coast, and came
West, all the way to Tioga county, New York.
Here, they wintered, and started the next spring,
with the same team, and drove westward to the
present site of Oshkosh, Wisconsin, which was
then a new aiid sparsely settled country in what
was theti known as the Northwestern Territory.
Here ten days after their arrival, their father

dieil, lielni^ the xerond while man lliat had dieil
in the iihu'e; and the mother and children were
left alone among a lew s<>lllers and Imlians,
where they remained until iMtl, when Ihey
lilted mil a team ami cros>ed the plains to I >re
gon. They spent the first wint(<r in I'owder
river valley, and came to Salem the iie\l fall
and aoon aflt'r crossed the coast raii;.;eof nioiint-

to the I'ltcilir Ocean

itii ilieir team.

liev lia

I <l

riviMi wi

lb ll

leir horses across I he

continent, from ocean to ocihui The Judge's

inotlier was a dail^rhler ol ilolin

t!St

ISranch, .Nova Scotia, who received a j^raiit from
tint Hiiglish Clovernmeiit of a laroetraci ot land
at West Hranch, wdiicli comprised several

thousand acres.

e came am

[■tiled

on it.

and married a relative id' John II

arris, who was

the f<i

ounder ot Harnslmrg. I eniisylvani

la.

The J udge wi

rtly reared on a fiiiiii in

isconsiii, wliere he experienced many o

the

study ot' law there, and

hardships of pioneer life. He commenced the

im|]|eted it in Sah'm,

r i)lace he was adiiiitttMl

for a while, but

•ego

n, at which

latter

lool

to the bar. He taught scl

soon after admission, he moved to La I'ayette,

the comity seat of Vain Hill county, when) he

leiran

(! practtice of bis prole:

>)oii alter

iractice, be was appointed I)*

oeginning Ins [

uty Prosecuting Attorney and also held the otlice

of Hinted Slates C^ommissioner.

In 1871 he married Miss Mary F. Worden, a

nalive of PoI'< county, who w

as a daughter o

Mr. (tuilford Wonhin. Her father came to
this coast in 1849, and her mother, Mrs. Lydia
Worden, in 1848. He was a relative ot (!oin
modore Worden, who commanded the Monitor
ill the late war.

In 1874 our siiiiject was elected County
.fudge, serving in that capacity until 1878. At

le e.\])iration

of his term, !ie continued his

practice in La I''ayette, wdiicli proved a lucrative
one. In 1890, he removed to Portland, where

lie became a memlier of the tin

jf Ca

pies,

Hurley & Allen, a leading law firm of the city,
ea<di of the members tieing men of experience
iind intelligence, and of su|)erior legal ability.
Judge and Mrs. Hurley have had six cliil-

ity.

dreii, ail born in La Fayette. Vi

Hill

coun

viz: Mabel, lioy II., Mary, CMyde, Clifford, and
Jessie.

The Judge has invested considerably in real-
estate, being one of the founders of Newburg.
He has platted Hurley's Addition to Newburg,
of which he still owns a part.

^:|

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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2.5

1^ I

12.2

140

— 6"

1.8

11.25 11.4 ill 1.6

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Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

13 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. US80

(716) 872-4503

TOi

iiisroiiY OF uiijiuoy.

In polities, lie is an aiitivt* Re|iul)liuan. He
WHS clmii'inan of the Uu|,iit)liciiti (bounty (]i)ii-
veiititm nearly ail tli(f tiini- tliat lie resideil in Viini
Hill county, anil lias albo been a meinour of the
State Central Coniniittee. lie is a prominent
nii'inber of the Masonic fraternity, is a charter
uieinherof tlie I'ortlantl Consistory, and has ro-
ceivtHJ the thirty-seconil viej^ree, Scottish rite,
lie anil his wife arc consistent members of the
Taylor street Methodist Church.

The .iiiilire has practiced law for twenty-ft)ur
years in the State, and has made an enviatile
reputation, both as a lawyer and a citizen, and
is in every respect deservinj^ of the hij^h regard
in which he is universally held. He was a
prominent candidate l)efore the Republican
State Coiivention for the year 1892, for Supreme
.ludije, and the only reason that he was not
nominated was tiiat he was at tiie time danger-
ously sick, from which it was doubtful whether
be would recover.

~^u

'(»j=-

K. G.AV.GOUCIIER, of Amity, Yam Hill
'ounty, Oregon, is one of the oldest prac-

lf ticing physicians of this county and has,
by a life of devotion to his practice and uniform
kindness of heart, endeared himself to the peo-
ple of this community.

He was born in West Virginia, August 2t',
1820, and is of French ancestry, who came t)
the Old Dominion previous to the Revolutioii.
His father, William (loucher, was Ijoni in
Rockbridge county, Virj^'inia, and wi.s a soldier
in th( war of 1812. He married Vliss Sarah
Casto in Greenbrier county of the sime ^Ute.
They had nine children, seven sont and two
jiaugliters, all of whom attained matu-ity. Two
are now living, >lames Goucher, of tlaii Fran-
cisco, California, and tint subject of onr skotcli.
In 1825 the father died and five years later the
mother also expired, leaving the subjec' of our
sketch an orphan at ten years of age.

When lie arrived at a suitable age he reaii
medicine with Dr. Cutton, of Marietta, Ohio,
and attended the ("leveland Medical College, at
which he graduated in 18-42. He began to prac-
tice in Mississippi, where he remained until
184(1.

Ho then served in the Me.xican war under
General Smi i, as Assistant Surgeon, and par-
ticipateil in the battles of Monterey, Molino,

Del Rey ami Riiena Vista. After the close of
the war he spent a short time in Vera Cruz,
when, in 184U, he caino to California, via the
Isthmus.

He mined on the Tuolumne river, at Hawk-
ins' bar, for nearly a year, taking out during
that time, considerable gold. His attention was
drawn to the great scarcity of jiotatoes, which
sold for fabulous ju-ices, and, accordingly, ho
turned his attention to the cultivation of the
juicy tuber, planting a large tract of land and
hoping to realize a fortune from his crop. Hut,
alas, for men's hopes, others had conceived of
the same idea and {ilaniied in like luanncr, in
consequence of which the Inarket was over-
stocked and immediately reduced the price,
causing him to lose heavily on his investment.
He had, however, made a very respectable
amount of money, as he left with ^34,000

He theil practiced his profession at San Jose
and in Alam ido county, and while in the latter

E lace was one of the organizers of the county,
eing elected its first Assessor, and was elected
and served as County Superintendent of Schools
and organized the first school districts in the
county.

In 1804 he removed to Yam Hill county,
Oregon, where he began to practice his profes-
sion, which he has since continued, treating the
sick and suffering of rich and poor alike, all
over one of the best counties of Oregon. Ho
has always cheerfully responded to any call of
suffering humanity without demanding to know
the pecuniary circumstances of those in need of
his experience and skill, and has many thousand
dollars owing to him which he expects never to
receive. It is by such deeds that he has en-
deare<l himself to his community, among the
future generations of which his name will be
handed down as synonymous with all that is
linman(f and great iii love to his fellow-men.

In 1875 ho settled in Amity, where he pur-
chased some prorerty, building on i*^ some
houses, among which was a comfortable res-
ilience for himself and family, which is sur-
rounded with Btt: active grounds ornamented
wilh trees and ♦'.owering shrubs.

The Dif'tor is also an ordained minister of
the Methodist Cl.urch South and is thus often
privileged to dispense the gospel, that great
panacea of sick souls. He has thus been en-
abled to do much good and lias brought to his
work the enthueiasm of a devout nature an(l
warm heart,

lllsrCKY (IF OREaoS.

705

lie Wilt iiiiiilied in 1*^54, in ("ulifcn iiiii, to
MicB Delilah Ann Morrison, a native of In-
diana, and a daiiffliter of Mr. K|iliraiin Mor-
rison, a lii^lily respeptcd {)ioneer of the Golden
State. Tiiey iiave had six ciiildren, three of
whom are living. The eldcHt son was drowned
in Washington when twenty-five years of age.
A daughter fell and received injuries from
wiiich slie died ; and the third died of diphtheria.
The son. El ma Everett, is now a practicing
physician at McMinnville; Nora is the wife of
.Mr. O. Springer, and resides in Creek City;
Delilali is the wife of Mr. Woodson Madox,
and residcH in Portland. Mrs. (-loucher, the
faithful wife and devoted mother, died in 1875,
leaving her family and many friends to nionrn
her loss. She was a woman of edncation and
retinement, and possessed many amiahlo traits
of character, which endeared her to a large com-
munity.

In 1888 the Doctor married Mrs. C. E. Sail-
ing, an estimable lady of this vicinity.

J)r. Goucher is a conservative Democrat in
politics and is highly esteemed by his constitu-
ents, hy wliom he has been elected Coroner of
I'olk county, an oftice which he tilled with abil-
ity and to the entire satisfiiction of all con-
cerned; is now President of the Common Coun-
cil of Amity.

lie is a prominent member of the Masonic
fraternity, in the welfare of which he is deeply
interested.

Thus is brought to a close the few meager
items of a full and complete life, the worth of
which iiH written in characters of gold on many
grateful hearts, which, thougii they heat in
silence, beat none the less warmly for his wel-
fare and hanpiness.

y)N. UOnERT U. LAUGIILIN, a repre-
sentative citizen of North Yam Hill, and
an Oregon pioneer of 1847, is a native of
the'State of Missouri, born October 2;5, 1828.
Of his life and ancestry wo make the following
reconl:

Samuel Laughlin, his father, was born in
South Carolina, DeccTnber 2, 17'J1. The Laugh-
line, are of Irish ancestry. Three brothers emi-
grated from the Emerald Isle to America in
1050, and settled in the South. One of these
titree was the ancestor of our subiect. Grand-

i'atlit^r James ],aughlin whs born in the Sdiitli,
there married a Miss Dalrymple. and hud a
family of eight or nine children, of wliom Samuel
was the oldest. They emigrated to Kentucky,
and later to .Missouri, where in 1815, Samuel
J>aughliM married .Miss Naomi Moitow. Iht
continue<l to reside in Missouri until 1847. when
he and his family, witli the excejition of thrive
sons and a married daughter, came to Oregon.
Hobert K. spent his birthday, October 23.1847,
on a raft on his way down the Columbia river.
Some of the company had the measles. Two
men belonging to their [)arty who went in advance
of the others, were overpowereil by the Indians,
had their guns and cl'^tlies ntoleii, and were
turiiod loose naked. A few of the emigrants'
animals were stolen, but aside from this they
came through unmolested. They came direct
to North Yam Hill, and the father purchased a
squatter's right to a section of land, located two
miles and a half north of where the town is now
situated. Here ho im|iroved liis farm an<l sptsnt
the rest of his life. His death occurred on the
22d of ,Iunc, 1801). Our subject's motiier died
when he was two weeks old, and the father
married a second wife. By each he had seven
children. The second wife died in Oregon of
consumption, a year and a half after their
arrival here. Samuel l>aughlin, although a
Southern gentleman an<i a Jackson Democrat,
detested human slavery, and when the Ucpubli-
can party was formed in Oregon he became an
active worker in its ranks, lie was a man of
the highest moral integrity, and was one of
Oregon's most honored pioneers.

In the West at that time a broad field of
action was atlbrded to the ambitious and ad-
venturous young man, and the subject of our
sketch was a participant in many a thrilling ad-
venture. When the Cayiise war broke out he
enlisted in Captain Burnett's company, and
aided in running the Indians out of the State.
During the gold excitement in California ho
went overland to the milling districts, but was
taken sick and came near dying. After his
recovery he was engaged in'teaming from Stock-
ton to the mines, and was also for a time inter-
estuil in the stock business, driving cattle to the
mines. In 1851 he returned to Oregon, mak-
ing the journey by water, and in June of the
following year purchased the Snowden donation
claim. Mr. Snowden had built a cabin on it in
1840, and had sold out to a Mr. (iates, of whom
Mr. Laughlin made his purchase. He has since

700

IlISWHY OF OK K) ION.

ooiitiniied to reside on \\\\& place. At tii-Kt he
IjikI (inly Kin ncio, iiiid I'rinu time to time iio
has ailJed to thin until he had 404 lu-reii.
lie now has 3:i4 acres, Iniviiig given eighty
acres to his oldest son. As the country dovel
oped he liiilit a warehouse, and in addition to
h-is fiiiiiiin^' operations was engaoi'd in Wnyinj;
and shipping ifrain. He has lieen prosperous
in his nndertakiiigs, ami is now in ailluent eir-
cmnstaiices. He is a stockludder in the Mc-
Minnvillu National i'ank, and has huilt a coui-
modioiis and attractive resilience i>ii his t'arni,
adjoineil North Vain Hill.

Novemlier 10, lSu2, Mr. Lan^hlin nnwried
Mir- Nancy L.tiritlin. They had two chiliiifn:
one of whom, \V. \Virt i.aughlin, now reside>
near his father; the other liaving die<l. .Mrs.
l,:uij^hlin departed this life March I'.l, l»<7vt.
on May 21, IMTl, M'-. I.,auj;hiin married
Mirs Anna M. Willis. (> their seven children,
two are deceased, one dyiiij; at the age of three
months and the other at eleven years. Those
living are Clarence ('., Klla .Maml. Chester Wil-
lis. Kdiia Hell and Inez Cleopatrt'.

Mr. I.anghlin has lieen a liepnhlican since
the organization of that party. I )nriiig the late
war he raised and drilled a coinjiany of volun-
teers, and was commissioned Captain hy (iov-
crnor (tihhs. In ISlUi he was elected a inein-
herof the ( Iregon Stale I,egi>lature, and during
lli^ term of M'rvice it was his ])rivilege to vote
for ihe l'"ifleeiith Amendment to the (Jonstitn-
tion of the I'nited States.

Soon alter the adjournment of this I,egisla-
tnre. Mrs. Laughlin's health heing very i)oor,
Mr. l.anghlin started to the Eastern States with
her, hut she hecame worse anil had to return
home from San Francisco. Nfr. I.aughlin con-
tinmd on his journey, going liy way of I'amima,
and on returning to his Oregon home he 1 1 rough t
witli him his wife's sister and t'amily, Mrs-.
Warner, two daughterii and a son, from Kansas,
arriving March !J, iHiVl.

Again, in lH7t), Mr. I.aughlin went Kast a
second time, this time taking with him his
Second wife. They visited many places, in(dud-
iug ('an/idn, the country of his wife's hirtli. and
spent two weeks at ihe great Centennial Kxpo-
sitinn at l'hila<lel|)hia. Ileing there on the
Konrth of duly, they heard the new hell ring
at Indepemlence Hall lor the first time for the
new century. Leaving that city on the iith of
July, they arrived home on the 21st.

Mr. I.aughlin has also served two years as a

Jnstieu of the Peace. In 18Sfi he was again
electeti to the State Legislature, and was re-
elected in ISIS8. Dnring the last term he served
on several important committees. Mr. Laugli-
lin was one of the organizers of tiie North Yarn
Hill (irange, and was ALister of the order for
three anil a half years. He is also a niemher
of the Indian War Veterans, of wdiich Le served
as Ca|)tain ont* year. Mr. Langhlin is a num of
more than ordinary intelligence and ahility,
and has imide a record in the history of his
State, of which he has reason to he proud.

AJ')lt THOMAS CllAl'tMAN, a pio-
neer merchant and hanker of Oregon
..^j^^ ("\\y, was Ijorn in England, in the parish
of Walking, county Surrey, on the Sth day of
Septemher, lS2'.t. His parents were Arthur
and iiehecca ((iartoni Cnarman, lioth English
people. .Mr. Charman was a large farmer in
I'^igland. They had fifteen (ddldren, of whom
four are yet living. The father died on the 1st
day of May. ISfSO, aged over eighty-five years.
His wife survived him until the 20th day of No-
vemher, ISS7. when her death occurred. Her
mother was named Sarah Vanor (iartoii. She
was the mother of twenty-four children ami
liveil to he lOti years old. All the ancestors of
the family wereChundi of England people and
of the highest resj)ectahility.

Major Charman was educated in England, hut
came to New Vork in 1848, when he hegan liis
husiness career as cle.k in a Store. From there
he went to Huffalo, New Vork, and was in
husine-^s there a short time. In the latter part of
the year 184lt he removed to Centreville, Wayne
county, Indiana, where he had charge of the
husinessof the firm of Land I). Ahrain.in which
capacity he continued until the tall of 1852,
when he came to Oregon City. In 1853 the
firm of Charman & Warner was estahlished
in a husiness of general merchandising. They
continued in this iuisiness until 18(i5, wdien Mr.
Warner sold his interest to his partner. Mr.
tlharman me,t with great success, keening a
large stock of everything from a neclle to a
threshing machine. He dealt with a very largo
circle of patrons and made n)any pleasant ac-
quaintances among the hest people of Oregon.
Wonderful are the idianges wiiich have heen
wrought in the State of Oregon since the Major

— WBmaatjrinwxfitii

lUSroltY OF ORKOON.

107

tirst ciuno to it. Since lii« iirriviil in ( 'reiinn t'ity,
ill 185:^, liu liiis eHtiihiitiiied tiic l)ll^illt'^s in wliioli
lie Iin8 lieoii for forty yeiirs uini ims iiiiuiu ii vw-
oril timt i-fllucts tiie iiigliopt <Te(lit ii|iiin liio
laluiit ami intogi'ity. Ili.s oiiium Hon, Krcdurici;
liu8H Cliiiriniin, is now a ineiitijur of the linn.

Onu uf tliu titiiif^s that Major (Jiiarinaii iliil,
wiien lio came to ()rej^oii (-ity, was to purcliiise
liie IniBiiieiis tiiat tiie IIiKlrion's IJay Coinpaiiy
wad then doiiif.', witli Dr. .lolin McLoii^iilin, tlie
foiliKier of tiie town of < )ref;oii ("ity. So liis
liiisineB.H if) tlio coiitiimance of tiie jiioiieer mer-
cantile Iniriinesi* of the State. lie and Dr.
Mcl..uuglilin were fiwt friondn and Mr. GharmHii
pronounces him the noblest of men.

From the day that Major Olmrniaii Hrst opened
hnsiiu'Bs in Oregon City, to the present time
(Ii5it2). he I.iecanie entirely identified with the
interests of liiri town and has heeii most piil)lic-
spirited in iiromotiiif; all of its iinliistries and in-
terests, lie was one of tiie tirst movers in es-
tabiisliing the woolen factory of tin' city, now
the larf^est on the coast, and also became a prom-
inent factor in the development of the Wil-
lamette Falls water power. Out of this has
grown the Willamette Falls Electric (Company,
by wliicli the power is transniitteil to the me-
tropolis of the State, now lif^htiiii; the city. In
the near future it will no doubt run nearly all
the machinery there. In 1882 he was one of
the orj^anizers of the Hank of ()re>^oii (Mty and
was elected its president, which position he has
since held. He has invested considerably in
lands, having over 2,000 acres A valnalile land,
besides a large amount of town property.

On the 27th day of September, 1854, he was
united in niarriiige to Miss Sophia Diller, a na-
tive of leaden Hiulen and eaine to America when
H child and was raised in Louisville, Kentucky.
She came to Oregon with her father, Joseph
Diller, in 1852. Tlie hitter settled at Oorvallis,
where his death occurred in 1889.

Mr. and Mrs. Cliarman have had five children,
and all were born in Oregon City. All but two
are liviii::, namely; Frederick Ross, born May
25, 1857; Nellie Vaner, now the wife of Mr. .1.
II. Walker, residing in Oregon City; and Mary
Jane, a graduate of St. Helen's Hall, Portland.
The two lost were: Arthur D., in his seventh
year; and Anna Louisa, in her fourteenth year.

Major (Miarinan is I'ast Master of ^lultnomah
Lodge. No. 1, A. F. ife A. M. He Is also a mem-
ber of the I. O. O. F. and has frequently been
a representative to the Grand Lodge of his

State. In politics his record is eijually lionor-
able. He is oiu! of the few who met in llie lirst
liepulilican co.iveiition of the state, and there-
fore has the honor of lieiiig one of the organi-
zers of the great party, which has made sucii an
illustrious history in the pcliiics of the (Jnite<l
States. He was elected a delegate of the Re-
publican ciinvention held in I'hihidtdphia, but
ho could nut attend, so ajipointed as proxie Rev.
De Voar. Wliili! the convention was in session,
the result of the election in Oregon, which ha<l
gone Republican, was telegraphed by .Major
Cliarman to Rev. De Voar and by him an-
nounced to the committee. It caused intense
rejoicing and the committee voted the Hag that
floated over the building to Mr. Cliarman. This
tlacr j. now at the Oreiroii Slate ca|iit(d. sent
there as a ineniento by Major (Cliarman.

Major ("h.irman has lifteii been honored by
his own townsmen, lie has bei;ii elected sev-
eral times Mayor of Oregon City, ami Treasurer
of his county. He was ajipointed by his excel-
lency. Governor Addison C.(iibbs, on the staff
of Majv;r-(rener;il Palmer of Fnrolled and Vol-
unteer Militia of the State, witli commission of
Major.

Mr. (Cliarman is the only survivor of the four-
teen, who came to Oregon in his company in
1852. He is still a remarkalily well-preserved
gc'itleman and looks as if he had scarcely passed
the prime of life. He resides with his family
in a commodious home of his own building, in
the city of his choice, where his career has been
one of success and honor.

'IIOMAS O. BARKKR, an enterprising
business man and a native son of the city
Salem, Oregon, was born September 0,
1852. His father, William S. Barker, was a
native of Massachusetts, and removed from that
State to Burlington, Iowa. He was united in
marriage to Miss Amelia A. Davidson, a native
of Iowa, whose ancestors were Tennesseeans of
Scotch and German extraction; the Barker fam-
ily is of Fnglish and French origin. William S.
Barker crossed the plains to Oregon in 1847,
anil located at Salem, where he engaged in the
fundture business; he was the pioneer dealer
in the city, and met with satisfactory success.
He has had five children, all of whom are liv-
ing. Thomas O. was the second born, ilu at-

lirsrOHY OF OREGON .

Pll

I'-

tuiidud tliu citininoii Bcliuulii of the city, ami wiis
nUo u stiitlfiit at the Uiiivci'iiity. When he hud
tiiiisheil liis studies he U-arncd tlie painters'
trade wiiicii he followed twenty years, the latter
part QJ' this period heini^ devoted almost exclu-
sively to carriage paintiii;;.

In isSMt. when the Willamette lM\cstnient
('onipany was I'oi-nieil, he heraine an active ineni-
her and one of the managers, It. 1'. Hoise, .Ir.,
liein>; his associate in this position. Their otiice
is 'J7(l Commercial street, Salem, Orefroii. and
they transact a real-estate, investment, insur-
ance and passenger-ticket husiness; they repre-
reijent tiie .Sdrtiiern Insurance Company of Lon-
ilon. the ()aklaiid Home of CJalifornia, the
lIaniiiurir-Ma:;iIel)Mrj; of llamtmrg, tl.e Scottisii
Union and Natiomil. the (ierman- American of
New York and several first-class corporations;
in their ticket airency they represent the Union
I'acific Railroad Company. They are husiness
men of superior <)iialitications, of the highest
iionor aii<l integrity.

Mr. I'.arker is a member of the I. ().(). F. in
all its liranches, and represented the (irand
r.odgeof < )reifon in the Sovereign (irand Lodge
of the United States eight consecutive times.

f< » \ AT 1 1 A N W A SS( ) M, an < )regon pioneer
of ISKi, was liorn in Sullivan county, Ten-
nessee, in lS2o. His parents. Jonathan and
!Mary (Heeler) Wassom, were natives of Penn-
sylvania, who removed to Tennessee and resided
until l"S35, then located in Hancock county,
Illinois. From there they went to Des Moines
county. Iowa, in IS4-1. Here they farmed and
reclaimecl the land from its original wildness,
an<l developed a comfortalile home. Through
this frontier life, with its many changes, the
education of our hero was limited anci discon-
iiectLMl. He remained with his jparents until
iMarcli. 18fO, when he j' iiied his lirother-in-law,
H. S. liuckhardt, tiirnishing one yoke of cattle
to the necessary ttam, and with him started
across the plains to <>iegon. The train num-
hcrcd alpoMi IdO waj^ons and aliout 400 peojilc,
with 1.000 head of cattle, in charge of Captain
Newton Smith. Owing to the large train and
slow jirogress the train divided, and Mr. Hu('k-
hardt. with forty peoi)le and twelve wagons,
slrnck out alone an<I proceeded without trouhle
or particular incident, landing safely at the

mission of Dr. Whitman, where they passed
the winter. Mr. Wassom and a few coiiipaiiioiiB
then secured pack animals and continued their
journey, landing at Oregon V,\Xy Octoher '2ti,
184t!. He then went to Tualatin plains ami se-
cured work with the missionary, Dr. (Jritlin,
at >ii;JO per month, wages to l>u taken out in
stock and grain, there heing no money in the
country. He worked but one month, as the
weather was so stormy, ami in payment lie re-
ceived a sow shoot, which Dr. (iritfin agreed to
keep during the winter. Mr. Wassom assumitii^;
all risk. He then looked around for other em-
ployment, but the weather continued so stormy
that he returned to Oregon City, anil with a
tew friends reiiteil a small cabin and kept house
by thems(dve8 through the winter, securing
such employnient as could be procured in that
town, in February, 1847, they rolled u]) their
blankets and started for Linn county, wading
and swimming streams, as circumstances re-
(juired, constantly wet and glad at night to find
even an em|)ty caliin for shelter. They traveled
through the valley in this manner, prr)sj)ecting
for future settlement, and then returned to Ore-
gon City and secured employment in the old
saw mill until June, when Mr. IJuckhardt ar-
rived and together they went to l..inn county
and located four miles tiorth of Lebanon, t!\ch
taking (140 acres of land, and our subject being
unmarried took a partner to hohl a full section
under the ilon.ition act. They built their log
cabins and commenced farming, but with the
California gold excitem««nt of 184S Mr. Wassom
started with a party for the mines, packing
across the mountains. He was attacked by chills
and fever, and lay for some time almost pros-
trated with them in San Francisco, where he had
srone when he found that he was of no use at
the mines. At last, through the interposition
of a friend, lie secured passage on a sailing ves-
, sel and returned to Oregon. Arrivitig at the
j camj) called Portland, he proceeded to Oregon
I City by small boat, and was there met by his
brother-in-law and taken home, arriving in the
j s])ring of 1849. He settled upon his claim un-
I til 1857, when he traded 320 acres of his tim-
ber land for an equal ajnount of prairie land
near by, and he then followed farming until
18t)(). when through the death of .Morgan Kees,
his brother-in-law. Mr. Wassom removed to his
ranch, nearer Lebanon, thus securing school
iirivileges for his children. He subsequently
purchased the property and there he still resides

tifaTonr of ouewin.

Imving built !i iiiorc^ spacious uiitl coinfoi'tiililc
lumse ill 18.SII. Mr. Wariiom titill owns liis
prairie home of 320 acres and about 150 acres
adjoiniiif^ tlie town of Lolianon.

lie was married in 1851 to Utitii E. Kees,
daiif»hti'r of .Facob Kees, deceased. Tiiey have
tiireo ciiiMren, wlio lived to mature years: ]\[ary
E., now Mrs. (!. V. Moist; Joseph and Nforgiin,
the latter two living at homo.

Mr. Wassom is a member of F. & A. i[.,and
has served one term in the State Legislature,
having been elected upon the Republican ticket
in 1874. lie is a man of strong and decided
characteristics, kind and genial diR|)osition, hon-
ored and beloved by all who know him.

II. LUELLIXG, an honored Oregoli
pioneer of 1852, who, by his thrift and
k* good citizenship, has materially con-
tributed to the welfare of Troutdale, was born
in Wells county, Indiana, March 20, 1848. ills
parents were John and Sarah (Douglass) Luell-
ing, the former, like his son, a native of Indi-
ana, where he w>\s born Angnst 7, 1813; and
the latter a nativdof PennsylvaniH. The general
exodns to the extreme West, which had been
increasing from year to year, was swelled in
1852 by Mr. John Luelling and family, who
wended their way lalwriously over the plains in
the same manner as thousands of others, ex-
periencing the usual vicissitudes of fortune. In
due time, Noveinber 7, 1852, they arrived at
their destination in Oregon, and on the 22d
day of February, 1853, the father filed a dona-
tion claim on 320 acres, situated about one tnile
and a half south of the present Hc;irishing town
of Troutdale, in what is now ki.own as Powell's
valley. His claim was the second liled on land
in that valley, which was then nnsurveyed and
but little known to white settlers. The father
at once began to clear Ins farm, and on the 22d
of February of tiie following year removed his
family to their new home in this fertile valley.
Here they resided until 1871, when the father
removed to Mori-^w county, where he now lives,
and is promirently interested in live-stock
growing. Tht family were called upon to
mourn the lost of the devoted wife and mother
January 5, 1881, whose care and economy
had materially contributed to her husband's
prosjierity, and whose influence for good still

exists in tiio hearts of her Burviving children.
This worthy couple were the parents of eight
children, of wiiom the sui)ject of this sketch was
the oiliest.

Mr. Luelling of this biography was reared to
farm life, attending such schools as the country
alforded. lie has since followed various occu-
pations, such as carpentering, engineering, and
similar trades, being a natural machinist. His
j)rincipal occupation for some time has been
that of lumbering, in which he has been grati-
fyingly successful. He also owns valuable farm
]>roperty in Clackamas caunty, and desirable
city ]iroperty in Troutdale. Thus by perse-
verance and economy, he has accumulated a
competence for himself and family, and now
justly ranks among the substantial residents of
the valley.

Mr. Luelling has been twice married. He
was married February 13, 1871, to Miss Mary
A. Miller, a native of Oregon, and they had two
chililren: Matilda and Sarah, the former of
whom is now the wife of James Hilliard. of
Olackamas county, and the latter is the wife of
William (^astersoii. Mr. Luelling was bereavetl
of his wife by death, and on November 14,
1892, married Mrs. Matilda Edwards, an estim-
able widow, who has one daughter, Sarah, by a
former marriage.

Politically, Mr. Luelling is a stanch Demo-
crat, and is actively identified with the State
Alliance.

In the various relations of husband, father,
business man and cititzen, Mr. Luelling has
gained the deepest esteem of all who know him.

-*«<

*^^Kt«{^^f*=l^'

•ALTER MONTEITK, deceased, one of
the oldest settlers of this connty, and a
highly esteemed citizen of Albany, Ore-
gon, was born in Fulton county, New York, on
January 10, 1816. His boyhood was passed
there, and his early education received in that
vicinity. He subsequently removed with his

fiarents to Wilmington, Illinois, where he fol-
owed the occupation of farming. In March,
1847, accompanied by his brothers, Thomas and
Samuel Althouse, he crossed the plains to Ore-
gon. They traveled with ox teams, and experi-
enced the usual hardships and discomforts of
that sl6w, tedious journey. Arriving at Willam-
ette valley, the Monteith brothers proceeded

710

UjyWJiY UF UltEHOH.

ftt oiicu to I.iim county, wliun; tliey ptirclmsed
tliu riiflit of II. N. SmumI to H'20 iicrt-w, lociitcd
(in the banks of tiu> Williutifttu nvcr. J'lu'y
were xtriiek willi the situation, which wuh pe-
culiarly lulaptetl to tlu> neetls of a town, and Im-
iiif^ youtio men of unusual energy and enter-
]>rii*i', they located a town site Inire in the spring
of 1S4M, by purveying sixty acres on the river,
and called it Alliaiiy, in retnenibrance of the
capital of their native Stati;. The winter of that
year and the next. lS4!i, were passed at the
California mines, iiieL'ting with considerahh*
succi'ss. Ill the s|)rino; of 1^49 they returned
to Oregon and erected on their town site the
tirst house of the city, which still stands on the
corner of Second and Washington streets, hs a
iiionunient of pioneer enterprise. Here they
opeiieil a small store, which was operated
jointly for about twelve years, and continued by
'J'lioinas for several yt'ars after that. In 1!S52
they erected the tirst tlour mill on the ('alaponya
river, which was operated successfully for many
years.

Walter Monteith was married in Albany, in
1855, to Miss Margaret A. Smith, daughter of
John Smith, who emigrated to Oregon in 1853.

Our subject was interested in the develop-
ment of his loster city, spending time and
money, and toiling early ami late, to promote
her welfare. lie was spared to realize the ful-
fillment of his fondest desires, for at the time
of his death, the city had outgrown its embry-
onic state and assumed the appearance and sub-
stai.tiality of an American metropolis, lie
died on June 11, 1870, to the regret of many
friends, and the sorrow of a widow and three
children. His children, all .sons, are: Duncan
15., Charles and Malcolm. The two latter are
engaged in mercantile purstiits at Spokane
Falls. Duncan i^, the oldest, remains in Al-
bany to look after the estate. Duncan was born
in the city of his residence in 185t), and was
educated at the Albany Collegiate Institute and
at the Pacific Utisiness College in San Francisco.
He returned from the latter city in 1878, and
orgaiiize<l tin' firm of Scott t^: Monteith, engag-
ing in the sale of sportmen's goods. In 1880
he sold his interest in this enterprise and formed
a jiartnership with (). A. C!urran and J. II.
Mnllan in the sale of the Curran fruit dryers, in
which he continued for five years, when the firm
engaged in the real-estate business, in which
they have since continued, conducting a general
Bale of city lots and farm property.

Mr. Monteith was married in l'ortlaii<l in
1879, to Miss lina II. Story, a native of Oregon,
and a daughter of Silas It. Story, one of the
earliest pioneers. They have two children:
Charles I), and Margaret S.

Mr. Monteith was born to large property in-
terests in the estate of his fatiier, but he also
luis inherited much of his father's eiu'rgy and
enterprise, and it is safe to say \w would have
arrived at a similar position, if he had been left
unprovided for; still who ever grumbled at good
fiu'tiiiie, or felt anything but pleasure at bask-
ing in her smilei Certainly not our subject,
who is endowed by natural abilities and pro-
vided by education with the capabilities for its
enjoyment and best uses.

-•-^>:^<;hi^-€

ILLIAM PFCNDKU. is the founder of
one of the oldest and most reputable
, _^., drug houses of the city of Portland, lie
was born in Mullheim. Haden, (rermany, April
17, 1840, where his ancestors had lived for
generations, and were pivminently connected
with the Government in the mail service de-
partment, lie receiveil his elementary educa-
tion in the schools of Haden, and at the age of
thirteen years, was taken by his uncle, William
(iebhard, a distinguished chemist and druggist
at Aran; after three years of study and practice,
and a year at Ha.sel, he was graduated in 1857.
Mr. I'funder then followed tlie jirofession in
various localities for seven years, continuing his
investigations ami practice. Kmigrating to
America, in 18t)4, he fotmd in New York city
employment with representative houses of the
metropolis, in 18(!'J he pushed on to the Pacific
coast on account of rheninatic troubles, and
after testing the climatic nieritu of Los Angeles
and San Francisco, Mr. i'funder came to Port-
land, and for three years was employed in the
pioneer drug store of Charles Woodward, where
he became thoroughly familiar with American
customs and business methods.

In October following the conflagration of
1873 Mr. Pfunder began business by opening
a drug store on the corner of First and Oak
streets, which for two years lie conducted very
successfully. Increasing patronage demanded
improved facilities, so he purchased the stock
and good-v/ill of Smith it Davis, and removed
to the corner of First and Ash streets, where ho

HISTORY OF OREGON.

711

reiiiiiiiitMl until June, 1890. Tliis tlititrict lifinff
frfiidimlly jriviMi over to wluileBalt' lionsui*, Mr.
I'l'mitliT SLH'nrud lii^ nri'Sent spiicioiiBcjimi'tcrB in
tiic Worc't'Htur nioi'k wiiicli are iiandsoniely
fitted n|» in the latest and niortt ajipioved style.
lie has devoted iiincli time to the study of
cheinistry and liotaiiy. and in the herlm of Ore-
gon ho has diseovered many life jrivinj; and
life sustaining properties. In 1879 he suu-
ueeded in conipoiindin<r a medicine, which is
used as a hlood purifier; the results were so
satisfactory that he patented the medicine, now
nianuhictured in larj^e (juantities and told on
the market as I'f'under's Oregon Hlood Purifier.
His cough balsam, asthma cure, iron hitters anil
ai;ue mi.\ture have also gained wide popularity.
He also manufactures nuirlde soda-water ap-
paratus and Oregon fruit syri;;>s, whii'h have
gained favor for their purity aod natural flavors.
Mr. rfunder was nnirried in 187li, to Miss
Julia Weiser. a native of the (iolden State, and
of this union one (diild has lieen horn, named
Marie Julian; the family reside at the corner of
Sixth and Couch streets. Mr. Pfunder is the
owner of the Depot Hotel, and in 1870 he
bought R farm of 1(50 acres in Columbia county,
valuable as timbcrland, and there discovered a
mineral from which an excellent lire-proof paint
may he manufactured; he owns eighty acres on
Hood river, and tine city property at Spokane,
Olympia and Taconia; he also has mining in-
terests at Dominion Hill and in Okanogan
county. He is a member of the blue lodge,
chapter and Scottish-rite degree of Masonry, and
of the (Jrami Encampment, J. (). O. F. ; he is
al.so connected with the A. O. U. W. He is
vice-president of the (ierman hospital, and is a
memlier of the American and Oregon I'har-
maceutieal societies, and many other charitable
and philanthropic organizations.

»iON. STEPHEN FOWLEKCHADWICK.

ex-Governor of the State of Oregon, has
been prominently connected with her po-
litical history since 1851. It is therefore fitting
that a personal sketch of him he printed in this
volume. He is of English and Scotch ancestry,
born in Middlotown, Connecticut, December 25,
1825. His legal education was obtained in the
city of New York, and there he was admitted to
the bar by the New York Supreme Court. In

18ol he came to the I'acitie coast, making the
trip via the Isthmus; Surveyor-(Teneral, the
Chief Justice of the Territory, Z. Moody, since
then (iovernor id' ( Ircgoii, and Hon. Samuel U.
Thurston, a member of Congress from the Ter-
ritory, were among his fellow travelers; Mr.
Thurston <lietl lud'ore the journey was completed
and was buried at Acapuico, and afterward was
removed to Oregon. When Mr. Chadwick ar-
rived in the Territory there were few settlers,
and southern and eastern Oregon, now so pros-
perous. Were regarded as only tit for the hostile
Indians, who oft waged warlare with the brave
and sturdy pioneers. Governor Chadwick began
the ju'actice of his profession at Scottslmrg, and
was the tiret Postmaster of the place; he after-
ward removed to Roseburg. and was the first
Judge of Douglas county; later ho acted as Pros-
ecuting Attorney and Deputy United Spates
District Attorney, and he also represented the
county in the Constitutiomil Convention of Ore-
gon. In 1804 and 18()8 he was Presidential
Elector, and in 1808 carried the vote of Oregon
to the Electoral (College at Washington; this
vote was cast for Horatio Seymour.

1870 he was elected Secretary of State, and
after a term of four years, was re-elected by a
very flattering majority. In 1876, by virtue of
Governor G rover's being elected a member of
the United States Senate, Secretary of State
Chadwick became Governor of the State, in
which capacity ho rendered verv etiicient service
for two years. During his term of office, in
1878, the Indians arose in a most threatening
manner in easiorn Oregon, cansing great ex-
citement and filling the settlers with consterna-
tion. Governor Chadwick went in, person to
the front and made every possible effort to fur-
nish the people with arms for defense; the out- .
break was speedily checked, and the subsequent
proceedings provetl the Governor's wisdom. lie
demanded of the chief's of the friendly tribes that
the Indians, who instigated the insurrection
should be tried and punished by the State; after
soin'j ODJection by the military authorities, the
demand was granted, the naires of the Indians
were given, tliey were arrested, tried, and nine
were hnng. A similiar outbreak has not oc-
curred, proving the fact that individual respon-
sibility is a check upon lawlessness.

Upon the close of the Governor's term of of-
fice he sent a most comprehensive message to
the Assembly, showing his wide information
ai\d deep interest in the State and her future

"T^

nisroKY oh' uunooN.

r ! !'

j)r()8|)t>rity. Iln tliuii rcsiiiiicd hi- practice, iirxl
liiis sine(.' Iiecii Imsily cii^aj^cd witii le<fal work.
lie WHS oMf ot'tlie orijjiiial ilircctors of tiic corii-
jiHiiy ('iii.;ai^e(l in what is now tiic luiiidiiij^ of
the South I'acitic railroati, ami was eoiitinueil
ill olli<'(' at (liU'ei'eiit perioiii' twelve years; the
eiiterjirise was iiiidertakt'ii in IStJfi.

(ioveriior Ciiadwick watt united in iimrringe
in 1855, to MisH .liino A. Sinitii, a daiij,'hter of
Jiid;,'e Uichard Smith formerly of Vii-i,'iiiia, and
to them have heon horn two daii;,'hter.s and two
sons: Steiiiien .1. is a prominent hiwyer and the
present Mayor of the city of Colfax, Washing-
ton ; he married Miss Kmnia rinmmer, daughter
of Dr. (). 1". S. I'luinmer of I'ortland, Oregon:
Klla I', is the wife of William T. (iray, a son of
the Hon. (Jeorge W. (iray of Salem; Mary and
1'. V. are the other two children. The (tovernor
is a Scottish- Kite Mason of the Thirty-thinl de-
^rei!, and has the honor of heing (Jrand Master
of the (irand Lodge of the State, and has for
tweiity-tive years heen Cliairinan of the ('oinniit-
teo on Foreign (,'orrespondence of the (irand
Lodge of Masons of Orej^on; he has filled every
otlice of the (irand Lodj/eof the State, and is the
(irand liepresentati\- ; of the (irand Lodi^e of
Louisiana and Missouri. As a speaker he is a
man of no ordinary ahility, and at the laying of
the corner stone of tiie State (!apitol in 1873, he
delivered an address tlnit received the hiifliest
jiraise; he was also the principal speaker at the
reunion of pioneers of IST-l, his efforts heing
one of unusual merit. The iliscourse was pub-
lished and largely circulated. In social life he
is a man of genial, kindly disposition, and has a
host of the warmest friends. He is a loyal pa-
triotic citizen, and would cheerfully make any
personal sacrifice to advance the interests of the
' State of his adoption.

fA ^r E S (). W U 1 T S M A N, secretary and
manager of the Farmers and Merchants'
Fire Insurance Company, of Albany, Ore-
gon, was born in Andrew county, near St.
Joseph, Missouri, in IS-lfj. His parents, Fran-
cis and Liicinda (Officer) Writsinan, were
natives of North Carolina and Tennessee,
resi)ectively. In 1838 they settled in .Missouri
anil followed farming pursuits until 1847. That
year they sold the ranch, procured suitable out-
fit, and the whole family, comprising .Mr. and

Mrs. Writhinan and their eight children, set
forth on the long journey across the j)lains.
They had two wagons drawn by ox teams, and
after six months of weary travel landed in
Marion county, Oregon, in St^ptember, 1817.
Mr. Writsinan brought a numbernf mares with
him, and to Mrs. Writsinan belongs tho dis-
tinction of having brought the first pair of
geese that were ever in this State. That same
fall they lociated upon Soaj) Creek in Hen ton
county, ten miles north of Corvallis. |)iiying
I 'avid Stump iiiiliOO for his possessory right to
<i4() acres, which he had slightly improved and
on which he had erected a sniftll cabin. There
Mr. Writsinan eiigage<l in farming and the
raising (jf horses and cattle, which he continued
until his death. He died in 1877, at the ago
of seventy-six years. Mrs. Writsinan is still
living on the old homestead, having reached the
advanced age of eighty-one years.

James O. was educated at the Agricultural
('ollege atCorvallis, and his life has ()een largely
devoted to agricultural pursuits. lie remained
at home until 18T(I. That year ho and his
brother, John, bought a band of cattle, which
they drove t(j Wasco county, eastern Oregon,
where John owned lt)0 acres of land, the sur-
rounding country offering free grazing. They
followed tlie stock business for twelve years,
passing their time between the ranch in Honton
county and eastern Oregon, as circumstanecs
required. Upon tho death of their father in
1877, they jointly purchased the interest of tho
several heirs, and still hold tho honiestead un-
divided, having previously added thereto to tho
amount of 1,300 acres. After selling their
stock intere.-its in eastern Oregon in 1883, tho
subject of our sketch returned to the ranch in
I'enton county, and remained there until May,
1885. when he leased his interest in the prop-
erty and removed to Albany. Ho invested in
considerable property here, and in 1887 formed
a partnership with ilessrs. H. F. and .Mark IIul-
bert, and engaged in the real-estate business,
<lealing in farming, fruit and timber lands in
the Willamette valley. In this business he ie
still engaged. In 1887 he was one of the or-
ganizers of the Farmers and Merchants' Fire
Insurance Company, of which ho was elected a
director. In September, 1800, he was made
secretary and manager. Under previous man-
agement ami an efibrt to secure eastern busi-
ness the company suffered materailly, but un-
der the management of Mr. Writsinan, and th^

--I.H r

Ultimiit OF OltKIIOX.

7i:i

conliniii}^ of liiiniimisg to tlio Statu of ( )i't'gon,
they linve iimdn Kttmily mill 8iili»tiuitiHl progroHH.
Ill IHOl lie was oiio of llic orgiiiiizers of tlio
Waturloii |)(*v(>lo|iiiieiit ( 'oiii|iaiiy, owiiern of
'200 acrus of land ami a fiiii' watur power on the
South Saiitiaiii river, wlu-rc the eoiiipaiiy liavn
jiist coiiipluti'il an (<xteii«ivc plant for tiie iiianii-
I'acturo of hosiery and knit iiiulcrux-ar. Of this
company he ih director, Becictary and treaciirer.

Mr. Writsnian wai* married in All)any, in
1S80, to Misb Hatty Motley, n native of Ore-
gon, and a ilaiij^hter of John Motley, a pioneer
of 1K45. They hav(> ono ehiUl, Estello.

Politically, Mr. WritHinan atliliates with the
Deniocratic party, and has served two terms as
u member ol the City Conncil. He has vaiii-
ahle interests about the city and is recoi^nized
as one of the representative biirtincHS men of
Albany. He is a member of the I. O. O. F.

>k()N. EDWARD LAWSON EASTllAM

(deceased), one of Oregon's most distin-
guished native sons, wa:* bom in (Clacka-
mas county eii^lit miles southeast of Oregon
Uity, on the eighteenth of January, 1848. At
the age of two years he removed to Butte Creek,
Clarion county, with his parents. His father,
William Easthain.now resides there, lie attended
tlui district school and the Willamette Univer-
sity at Salem and then was engaged as clerk in
the store of his uncle, William Strong of Al-
bany. After a short time spent in the store lie
engaged in school teaching in Marion and
Clackamas counties. Too close application
caused him trouble with his eyes and he gave
up teaching and after his eyes got well studied
law in the otlice of Johnson & StcCown in Ore-
gon City. In 1870 he was admitted to the bar
and began his practice as the partner of Judge
8. Iluelat. This partnership continued two
years, after which he practiced alone for a time,
and then took Hon. Thomas A. McBride into
business with him, this partnership continued
until 1888, when his other business enterprises
occupying his whole time he retired from law
practice. He had been exceedingly bright as a
lawyer and liad met with remarkable success.
After coming to Onigon City he took a deep
interests in the schools and showed his fitness
for the place of director so clearly that ho was
elected to that position and held it 8i.\ years.

He lias aided in bringing the ( >rcgon City
schools up to their present tirst-ciass condition.
Krom the schools hi> turned his attention to the
other needri of the city, one of them being the
building of good roads. In 1881 he organ i/.ed
the iJatik cf Oregon City and managed it up to
the time of his death. In 188;{ he lirst con-
ceived the i<lea of iitili/.ing anil releasing the
Willamette falls from the control of an Eastern
company, who were not utilizing nor leasing it
to any one else. In 1886 he went to Walla
Walla and purchased the water works of that
place and i. they had run down, he by his man-
agement built it U|) and made a success of it.
When his mind became convinced of the great
value of the water jiower at Oregon City he
formiMl a syndicate, whicli piirchasecl 1.000 acres
of land ou the west side and then purchased the
locks and water power, lie felt that it was pos-
sible to transmit the power to Portland by elec-
tricity. In conjunction with some Portland
capitalists he organized the Willam-itte Falls
Electric Company, with $1,000,000 capi-
tal. The power station of the company is at the
falls of the Willamette at Oregon City and the
]K)wer is transmitted to Portland on aerial wires
a distance of twelve and one-half miles. He was
the j)ioneer in this long distance transmission
of power by electricity. He was elected presi-
dent and manager of the company and he con-
tinued in that position to his death and made it
a great success. When the building of the sus-
pension bridge over the Willamette at Oregon
City was under contemplation, he saw at once
how necessary it was and when the supervisors
hesitated to incur the expense, as it would cost
!t(23,000, he offered to have his company to pay
-^4,000 of the expense and that oft'er was ac-
cepted and the beautiful bridge that spans the
river at Oregon City is a nionument of his en-
terprise and liberality.

As soon as Mr. Eastham came to Oregon
Citv he began to be a power in its affairs.
All the worthy enterprises had him at their
head and the city owes her present prosperity
and her future greatness to the efforts of this
man. Nor did liis active mind stop at business.
He was an ardent Republican and interested
himself in the afJairs or his party and country,
and it was therefore not strange that they
elected him as their State Senator. He was in
his forty-second year and a most t)rilliant future
was before him, but it is believed ho overworked
and overtaxed himself. Mental exhaustion com.

IIISTOUY OF iH{/(UO.\.

ifc.'iit

liiiu'il witli otlitir trniiMcs iiniiltiocil a <liMfiiiii>
tliiit liiitilcil tlu< xkill iif ilit> iirnt iiliyNiciiiiii* mid
on tlif iSili (if .Imiiiary, ISWl. liin ffninil,
Molilc i;(iiil rctiii'iU'il tci its Maker. 'I'lic wlioli'
city liiiil ciiiintv W!i- in iii(iiirniii;r. Smrow liki' ii
(li'i'|p liliu'k itiill Hfltlcil clinvii liver the |)ei)|p|o.
Itiirtine.''.'- vran i*tiiji|ie(l in the eit\\ MiUiy heaii
til'iil tliinil triliiitew were liroiijrht hy thoM- who
liiveil hiiri ami ailiniriMl IiIa i^eiiiiirt. Tiie Itoard
of Traile of hineit valid tlie Senate Ixilh attended
lii» I'liiieral in a Imdy and e\4'rv |i<iM«il>le mark
ol re»|ieel waw jiaid \« liiiii. Tiie juiiit Senator
fniiii ("hii'kaiiia.- eoiiiity, linn. II. H. ("runs, pni
noiineeil a nii>>t eliH|neiit. eiihif^'v in tiie Senate
on lii!< depurted friend and eollea^iie and iiitro-
illiee<l the fnllnvviiiir resolntiiin wlii(di wart |iaMf«ed
iniaiiiinoiisly I'V tiie Senate:

••limiih-iil, 'I'hat ill the deatii of Senator
Ka^.tliaiii tlii> l,e;;i:^jatiire lias lo.«t one of its most
aliie and lioiinrahle meniiiers, and tiie State (d'
Oii'ifon an eniirenl and patriotie citizen, iiorn,
reareil a'ni educated within liie Slate of ( (recoil ;
po^fesseil A'ith reniarkahle ahiiity. richly eii-
doweil with many rare and vaiiiahle jt^Jfts ot
mind and heart, we had with feeiin^H of pride
fondly hoped that he wmild lie spared many
years to make a more indelihle impress upon
the history of his native State that he loved so
Well; that in iiis deatii we have Kist the coun-
sels of an active ami fearless mind and to many
of lis the presence and lielpinij hami of a warm
and true friend." liesoliitioiis of condoleiKje
were then passed and the senate adjourned to
attend his funeral in a liody.

Senator Kastliain had planned many liheral
thiiiir.- tor the city, wliieli would have j.'reatly
increased her prospt-rity had hct lived to carry
them out.

lie had accuiniilated a mmlerate fortune liy
lii» husiness sagacity, and while niakinj; money
for himself, had also put many of his friends in
the way of fratheriiif; a competency. His deatli
was a great loss to his friends anil a serious
hlow to the business interests of the coiinnun-

fll OM AS C. SM I Til, I). D. S., one of

Salem's represpiitativo professional men,
was horn at Williamsport, Pennsylvania,
June 5, 1844. His father, Samuel P. Smith,
was a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1800,

anil dnsRiMided from Km^HhIi ancestors, who
emijtrated to America belore the Uevnlntionary
war and look part in that Htrii;,'gle for iiidi«-
pendeiiee. He marricl Aiti^'itil Callioun, who
was horn in I'eiinsylvania, of Scotch micestry;
they reared a family of ten children, th ee of
whom survive. Thomas ('., tlie yoiiii>{est oliild,
was educated in his iiati\e State, and was a stu-
dent in the I'liiversily of I'eiiiisylvHiiia, med-
ical department, in 18t>l. When the great civil
war arose lii'tween tl'.e iNor'h and the South,
he laid aside his li<.oks to lake up arms in de
tense of the L'l.ioii, eulisling as a !U'ivate .\pril
21, IStil, in (.Jompany !•', Twenly-tv'ventli Sew
Vork Volunteer Infantry. He i.erveil two
years with this regiment, and his 'eriii e.vpir-
iii^, he re-enlistuti in the One Il'.indred and
Seveiityiiinth New Vork Volunteer Infantry
ami participati-d with the .\rmy of the Potomac
in all its brilliant engagements, except the bat-
tle of (ieltysbnrg; at the battle of ( 'haiicc'llors-
ville he was wounded in the ankle and was
disabled eight weeks .\t the end of this time
he rejoined the regiment and before the cesr.a-
tion of hostilities, was Bve times slightly
wounded and had many narrow esca[)es from
death and captivity. \Vlieii peace was finally
declared he had arisen to the rank of l!aptain.
Ill duly, 18115, he was ninstered out of service.

He then returned to his home and engaged
in the practici! of meclicine in western Peiin-yl-
vaiiia, remaining there until 1871. In that
year he came to Portland, Oregon, and estab-
lished a drug business, which he conducted lour
years. He afterward came to Salem and car-
ried on the drug trade here for six years, selling,
in 18S1, to I). W. Matthews Jx, Co. Having
taken up dentistry he opened an ofHce and has
since been successfully engaged in the practice
of this profession.

Dr. Smith organized the Second liegimontof
National Guards of Oregon, and served as Colo-
nel three years, resigning in 1890; he was a
very elfcient and pi)|)ular otHcer;. He was one
of the prime movers in the organization of
Sedgwick Post, (\. A. li., at Salem, being a
charter nieniber; he was the second Coininander
and is now Past Senior Vice-('ommaiider of the
Department of the State; he is also Past Ad-
jutaiit-(ienoral of the Department.

The Doctor was married in 18f)(5, to Miss Kl-
vira L. Chapman, a native of New ^'ork and
the daughter of L. V. ('hapinan, of the same
State. They had three children: Laura May,

IIIHTOHY OF ORKOON.

TIB

tin- wife (ir TlioiiiiiH .McCiiriliy; .Fiiint'H AilrliHoii
mill ThoiniiH ('.,.lr., ilciitMl HtiKlioitH in tlicir fii
tlii,«r'« (.fflce. Mr». Sniilli (licl .Inly 5, l^!t2.
|)r. Smith Iiiih iinpnivcil ii ciinKiiU'rahlc iniioniit
of city |iri)|MTly iiii'l Iiiim civctt'cl it liiinilrdiim
r«itiilfMCL' tor liiinHcIf unit I'miiilv, where they til'ii
living in coinrort. lie hiiA lieen hiyiil to tiic in-
tercKti* of iii!< own city iiml State iukI Ium the
esteem of all who know him.

fFJJAll .IKKFKUSON WUKiilT. an e»-
timahlc < )rej;oti nioncer of IH,")2, anil a re-
tired furuier of Yam Hill county, now re-
siiJiiiff in Amity, in a native hoii of Kentucky.
wiiore lie wat* horn, March lU, 1S2(). IJ in father,
William VVrijrJit, wan b native of one of the
('arolinas, wliose ancciitor.H settled in America
previous to the Uevolntion. ilin father mar-
ried Mi(*f* Sarah Dill, a native of Vir;.'inia, whose
iieoplc were among the tirwt «ettlers in Kentncky.
riiey had ttix children, fonr Boni^ and twuduiigfi-
terB.

The fulijcct of our sketch wan reared on a
farm in Kentncky. where he had very limited
educational ailvantaj^ei*. He early learned the
carpenters' trade, and later married, hnt his
liapjiy wedded life was of short duration, his
wife dying soon afterward. ]{oth of his parents
also died in Kentncky, his mother in 183.S, and
his father some years later, aged eighty-four
years.

At this time Mr. Wright formed one of the
constantly increasing; eniij^rant trains to Ore-
gon. Me drove an ox team for the privilejfe of
accompanying the ]>arty and for his hoard.
Tliey left .Monmouth, Illinoi.«, on April 14-,
1M.")2, and arrived lit Foster's, Oregon, on Sep-
temiter 1, having consnmed nearly six month
in the tri|). Their jonrney was an uneventful
one, and made in entire safety.

On arriving at Uis destination ho was with-
out means, other than excellent health, strong
arms, natural intelligence and determination.
lie tirst worked at logging, for which he was
paid at the rate of $75 a month and hoard.
After acrcumnlating some money ho came to
Yam Hill ei nnty, where he took a donation
claim, locating tliree miles west of the present
town of Amity.

In 1854 he married Mrs. Uoyd, the widow
of Mr. John Moyd. She had two children by

her former marria^'. Caiharine .lane and FfHii-
ces. The former married .Mr. ThomaK Strong,
atid resides in MeMinnville; Frances is the
wife of Dr. .lames Kicliardson, and resides in
SidcMU. Hy I.I I -"ijciind marriage s ,e had six
children; .*^ll^all i now the wife of .Mr. C!.
Niece, residing i'l Wiisliitigton .State; Clara L.,
wife of Mr. .\n'hy Flint, residing in Filens-
liurgh, \\ iiitigto:i- Ollie is the wife of .Mr. II.
Foster, .t t resides in ('".Hfornia; Kinina is the
wite of Mr. .losejili Fit/hngli. and resides at
(Grant's I'nss.

Mr.-. Wr'.'.it liied. and Mr. Wright continued
to reimiiii on tie farm until all o! his idiildren
Were settled in lif<', when he sold the property,
and. in 1S71, ni.irried .Mrs. .\nii .M. l-erguson,
the widow of .Mr. .lames |'Vrgunii:i. .Af'er his
u\arriage he |iurcliased Ml acres ol land, locat-
ed four miles south of Amity, where they re-
sided until 1S87, wlieii he retired from the farm,
and purchased the home in Amity, where he and
his family now resiiie.

His present wife had three children l>v her
Krst marriage. ( >ne died in infancy, and her
daughter resides with her parents, while her son
is in the hutcher Init-inesg m Amity.

Mr. Wright is Democratic in his political
views, alth()U|{h taking no prominent part in
politics, other than desiring the election of hon-
orahle men to otfce.

He is a Master Mason of twenty-two yt'i'i''''
standing, in the weltare of which fraternity he
takes a deep interest.

Mrs. Wright is a wortiiy memher of the
Methodist Cliurch, which she aids, lioth hy her
influence and means.

Mr. Wright combines ail that is best in
Americanism, whether of the North or the
South. Of extreme uprightness of character,
a generous nature and cordial manners, he is
esteemed by all who know him, and has the best
wishes of bis community.

fANIFL H. PUTMAN, a worthy pioneer
of this State, coming here as early as
1847, and since deceased, was horn in Illi-
nois, April 15, 1810, and married Miss Isabel
Finley, January 28.1830. With her and six
children, he crossed the " wide-extended plains "
to this distant coast in the year named. Meing
a millwriglit by trade, he settled at Oregon City,

;io

mSTOHY OF OHEQON.

and engaged in building some of the first mills
ill this State. Soon after his arrival here,
namely, October 30, 1847, his wife died, and
he was left in a new and strange land with six
email children. Securing a piece of land in
Linn eount3', he worked patiently along as well
as he could until Anj^ust 20, 1851, when he
married Mrs. Rebecca Landingham, who also
had five children, and after her marriage to Mr.
Putman had eight more.

in 1856 they came to Yam Hill county, and
settled on the Ilayden donation land claim,
three and a half miles north of Amity, where
they resided until 1875, when they retired from
the farm, and purchased a lot in Amity, and
built a residence upon it, where they resided
until the death of Mr. Putman, which occurred
March 3, 1888. Ilis wife still survives, resid-
ing with her daughters, Mrs. Connor and ilrs.
Henderson.

Mr. Putman was an honest, industrious man,
having a numerous and respected family. The
children are: Martha; Mrs. James Pierce, resid-
ing in Linn county; David, who died in 1879,
leaving a family; Mahala, now Mrs. Pleasant
Kobinette, living in \,\\\n county; John, who
resides in Amity; Mary is Mrs. James La Mas-
ters, and is a resident of Lane county. By the
second wife the children are: Jsabelle, now Mrs.
L. C. Walker, aTid living in Forest Grove; J.
J., a merchant in Amity; R. 1?., in the saddlery
and harness bus'ness, in Amity; D. B., assist-
ant manager of the Farmers' Alliance mercan-
tile estaUishment, at Oak&Jale; Annie married
J. tf. Durant, and lives in Pasco, AVashingten;
Frances B. married T. E. Connor, and resides in
Yam Hill county; and Rebecca, who became
the wife of E. U. Henderson, and lives on a
farm near Amity. Mrs. I'utman's children by
Mr. I^andingham are: J. C, who resides at the
toll gate, in Yam Hill county; Martha J. is
Mrs. J. R. Wilson, at.-! resides in the Chehalma
mountains; W. T. is a resident of Amity Eliz-
abeth married T. J. Jefferson and lives i!i
Amity; and G. M. is a farmer in Tillamook
county.

Mr. Putman's son, Joseph Jackson, who fur-
nishes the data for this sketch, was born in Linn
county, Oregon, June 4, 1854; reared to mau-
hoo<l in Yam Hill county, and completed his
in the academy at Forest Grove. His first
business was that of a shoemaker in Amity for
five years; next he conducted a rented farm for
hree years; then he moved to Amity, purchased

property, and built a dwelling. In 1892 he or-
ganized the hardware firm of Putman & How-
ard. Later Mr. Jeffors bought out the firm, and .
still later, Mr. Putman bought back a half in-
terest. They keep a good stock of hardware
and farm implements, and wagons and car-
riages.

In 1878 Mr. J. J. Putman married Miss
Flora L. Robison, daughter of I. C. Robison,
whose sketch is given elsewhere in this book.
Mrs. Putman is a luttivo of Yam Hill county.
They have one child, Ethel.

ilr. Putman is Past Master Workman of the
A. O. U. W. In politics he is an independent;
is a good business man, of the highest integ-
rity.

EORGE F. RUSSELL, Superintendent of
Schools for Linn county, ( )regon, was born
in Putnam county, Missouri, in IS'8.
His father, Absalom J. Russell, was the first
child borii in McDonough county, Illinois.
After reaching manhood he settled in Missouri,
and was there married to Miss Sarah tl. Osborn.
He worked at the trade of carpenter and mill-
wright, and subsequently purchased mills, be-
ing engaged in. operating them at the time of
his death, which occurred November 15, 1868.
His wife's death occurred about three weeks
before him.

Left an orphan at an early age, George F.,
was thro>vn upon his own resources. He se-
cured a position with a farmer in Galesburg,
Illinois, agreeing to work during the summer
months for the privilege of attending school
during the winter. He subsequently entered
Galesburg College, performing manual labor in
order to defray his expenses. In 1877 he re-
turned to Missouri, and in 1879 came to (jre-
gon, locating in Marion county, where he was
engaged in teaching until 1883. He then came
to Linn county, and until 1888 taught in the
country schools. At that time he was elected
Principal of the public schools at Ilalsey, which
important position ho filled until the spring of
1890. when he was elected by the Democratic
party to the office of County Superintendent of
Schools. At the County Convention in March,
1892, he was renominated. During his in-
cumbency the scliools of Linn county have been
graded, and the form of grade work laid out to

jXSSB

mmmmm.

e lie was
len came

t in the

6 elected

y, which

pring of

nocratic

ideiit of

1 March,

hi8 iti-

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(ive been

d out to

! , i;

!i •

if' !

i'l! !.

HIbTORY OF OBEOON.

717

the best advantage in i-very diatrict. There iir(!
114 Kcliool districts in the countj', witli l-l;5
teachers employed, tliirty-three iif whdui liold
State (liphdnas. The county lias ascliool popu-
hatioii of 7,000, the average attendance i)eiiijj; 4,-
500. Forty-t'onr tlionsand dolhirs are annuuly ap-
propriated for school purposes, l^inn county
stands third in the 8tato in population and
wealth. Mr. Ilusseil visits each school annu-
ally, and has already advanced the school inter-
ests to a higiier dejiree of excellency.

Of his private life, we record that he was
married in llajsey, in 1888, to Miss KateSmith,
K native of McDonough county, Ulitiois. They
have two children, Charles and Edna.

Mr. Unssell is a member of the F. & A. M.,
I. (). O. F. and A. (). U. \V. He resides at
Albany, that being a lailroad center and a con-
venient access to the several parts of the county.

#>♦!' l;:' c : »

fACIIARY T. WRIGHT. — In the list of
capable, reliable and successful men of the
Northwest, perhaps none were better
known, or more highly respected, than Zachary
Taylor Wright, named by liis father for the
hero general of the Mexican war. lie was
born in the State of Wisconsin, in Harrison,
Grant county, June 9, 1849. He is of New
England stock, his ancestors having come from
England early in the history of this country,
and settled in Connecticut. His father, Henry
W. Wright, was born in that State, but re-
moved to Wisconsin, of which he was a pioneer.
He married Miss Hester Mary A. Davis, a lui-
tive of Indiana, and a daughter of Nathaniel
Davis, and there were born to tliem a son and
daughter, the latter dying wlien she was four
years old, and the mother following a little later.
Mr. Wright was reared and educated in his
native State. When the civil war began he
was oidy twelve years old. He offered his
services to his country, but was debarred be-
cause of his youth. Nearly a year later he en-
listed in the Forty-seventh Wisconsin Volun-
teer Infantry. They were sent into middle
Tennessee, doing garrison duty and scouring
over the country. When he war closed he re-
ceived an honorable discharge. He then re-
turned to his home, and worked in the mines
with his fatln In 1807 he engaged in rail-
roading, in which business he gained some rep-

iitation, and it was his fortune to be ('(inductor
of the first train which ran to the siinimit of
the Black Hills. That was then the higlicst
railroad point in the world. Later he became
train dispatcher at the end of the track of the
Union i'acitic railroad. This position he held
until the last rail was laid at i'romontory,
which connected the Occident with the Orient.
After this he became widely known as a most
capable locomotive engineer. He spent ten
years on the Union Central, and on tin? Kansas
I'acitic, lirst as conductor and later as engineer,
the latter being most congenial, as he was a
natural machinist. He always took a just pride
in his record as a railroad man.

At the close of 1871, while running his en-
gine on tlie Kansas Pacific, in a severe snow-
storm, he caught a cold which resulted in send-
ing him to California for change of climate.
In 1878 he came to I'ortland, Oregon, with the
intention of again engaging in railroading. lie,
however, found every desirable place occii|)ied,
and decided to accept any kind of work he could
get to do. His first work in Oregon, where he
afterward became so successful, was that of dig-
ging stumps on the farm of Mr. Thonnis Cully.
Next ho was employed to take charge of the
Cunningham Implement House, in Portland.
Soon after Mr. Cunningham made an assign-
ment, and Mr. Wright assisted in closing up
the business, which was accomplished to the sat-
isfaction of all the parties interested. He then
temporarily took charge of J. I. CasevfeCo.'s
business, until the firm decided to open a branch
house in Portland, and Mr. Wright was chosen
to make arrangements for its establishment.
Mr. G. W. Staver expected to arrive and take
charge later on, with Mr. Wright as his first
assistant. Thus Mr. Wright took the initiatory
steps in founding the firm of Staver & Walker.
The first year the firm was known as J. I. Case
& Co., and the following year as Case «& G. W.
Staver. Mr. Wright advised the employment
of Mr. H. Walker, which resulted in the forma-
tion of the firm of Staver & Walker. Mr.
Wright remained with them one year. Then
being tendered the management of Westing-
honse ik Go's business he accepted that resjron
sible position, ami later, the Pacific coast busi-
ness of the house. This was afterward merged
into the fit m of R. M. Wade, Wright & Co., and
with satisfactory success, but the fire that con-
sumed the Esmond Plock also destroyed the
stock of their firm, and as they had no insur-

!'•■

■JW

HISTORY OF OREGON.

i :

ancf it re8iilte<l in tlii' dosing of the Ijusiiiet^s.
Jiut Mr. WriiriitV iiuloniituliU; untTgy, added ti)
his iiMDwiedgc <if iiiti liiisini'ijH, stood hy liini,
Hiid lie t^oon btaitt'd in liusini'ss on iii.< own ac-
count. Kiv lonj; lie attaintnl prominence and
nojudaiity as a denier in all kinds of niaeliinery,
and the range of supplies of this kind heeaine
very extensive. l>y close attention to Imsiness
he met with flattering success, the estnlilishnient
beinj; located at the foot of Morrison street,
whert! a very extensive Imsiness was done with
the best traders of the Northwest.

In mutters of piililic interest Mr. Wriglit
helped noMy. lie was a stockholder in the
Chaiiiher id' Commerce hiiildinf; and in the In-
dnstrirtl Fair, and was a very active temi)erance
worker. He was twice (irand (Jliief leinplar
of the State, and tor five years was a rnemherof
the executive committee of the (Trand Lodtjo
of the iState, and also held the position of Vice-
President of the Oregon Temperance Alliance.
In the (irand Army of the liepnblic he also
to<jk an active interest, tilllinii the office of As-
Bistant Adjutant (Tcneral of the Grand (\n\\-
niandery and tiiat of Post Commander of the
George Wright Post of Portland.

In politics he was a Republican. He was
not, however, an office-seeker, and was qnite in-
dependent in snch matters. lie serveJas vice-
f resident of the Washington Co-operative l^ife
nsurance Company.
Personally Mr. Wright was friendly and good-
natured, and was lionorahle and npriglit in all
his dealings. He iiiade hosts of frienils, lioth in
his business relations and otherwise, and was
highly deserving of the success he attained in
such a comparatively short time in the city of
Portland.

He was married November 11, 1891, to Mrs.
Alta H. Tibbetts, ati estimable lady. She is a
native of Napoleon, Michigan, is a twin daugh-
ter, and one of the seven children in the family
of William H. and Harriet liexford. Her
father was a farmer. After she grew up she
was engaged in teaching two years near her old
home, and then went to (Jalhoun county, Illi-
nois, to teach, at which place she remained
three years. While there she formed the ac-
quaintance of H. K. Tibbetts. a merchant of the

place, and in 1874 they were married. Their
only son, Harry, now a promising young man,
still lives with his mother, to whom he is a
great help ancl com fort. Mr. Tibbetts died in

1876, and his widow, through patient eflfort and

self-denial, reared nn<l educated her son, who
graduated in the high school at Napoleon, Michi-
gan. Early in the spring of IHUl Mrs. Tib-
betts and her son came to Portland, she think-
ing that the opjxirtunities for young men were
more favorable in the far West. Hero, as
stated, her life and fortune blended with that of
the subject of our sketch. Their brief married
life was exceedingly happy, for in their hotnn
love reigned supreme.

In January, 1892. Mr. and Mrs. Wright
united with the First Congregational Ciiurch of
Portland. In this he was active and liberal,
and soon afterwani became identified with the
Vonng Men's Christian Association, devoting
to this cause much of his time ami means. As
one of the tii' nice committee, his good judg-
ment and e.vrcL'tive ability were much needed
and justly appreciated, and were utilized in the
work up to the time of his death, which occurred
suddenly, after a very brief illness, May 13,
1892. This was a severe shiwk to his devoted
wife and relatives, and, indeed, to the whole
community, with whose interests he was so
closely identified. Sincerely sympathetic reso-
lutions were passed by the Hoard of Trade and
the various societies to which he belonged, and
also by the Women's Christian Temperance
Union. He was buried in Iliverview cemetery
un<ler the auspices of the Grand Army of the
Republic, of which he was an honored member.
In the demise of Zachary T. Wright, P.;tland
has lost one of her most influential and promi-
nent business men.

[TTO S. IHNSWANGER, M. D., one of
the wortiiy members of the medical pro-
fession in PortlaTid, Oregon, was horn in
Osterberg, a little town in the Kingdom of
Bavaria, Germany, April 20, 1854.

His father, Oswald Binswanger, was a mem-
ber of the firm of Binswanger «& Co., owners
of a large distillery and extensive . vinegar fac-
tory. Mr. Binswanger was widely and favor-
ably known as a man of iionesty, integrity and
great strength of character. In 1864, through
the carelessness of employes, fire broke out in
the distillery and the entire plant was com-
])letely destroyed. They then remove<i to
Augsburg, a city of ancient history and of
great commercial and educational advantages,

l! if

iiinToRy OF onmifhw.

719

and tliere erected a new plant, conductinfr an
extensive hnsiiief-s and lioiionihly niainlainiiig
tljc ])a8t I'cpnfation of tliefirin. Caroline Hins-
wanger, tiie Doctor's inotlier, was a woman of
many amiable qualities. She died December 6,
1868.

The subject of our sketch received his ele-
mentary education in Osterberg, and completed
hia preparatory studies at Auj^sburg. In 1872
he entered the University of Erlangen, where
he devoted particular attention to chemistry
and medical lectures. From 1873 to 1874 he
answered the demands of Government and
served in the Fourth liavarian liegiment of Ar-
tillery. In March, 1875, he was again called
upon, and tor eight weeks served as under of-
ticer, and in June, 1877, was called for a six
weeks' service as Lieutenant. With the excep-
tion of these interruptions his studies were con-
tinned until November, 1877, when, after pass-
ing a highly satisfactory examination and read-
ing on original thesis, for which he received
universal commendation from the faculty, he
gniduated with the degree of Ph. D. As his
entire life had been devoted to study, the young
Doctor felt a strong desire for travel, and as hie
own country offered little inducement for re-
munerative occupation in bis chosen specialty
as ecientitic and analytical chemist, he emi-
grated to the United States. With quick dis-
cernment he soon discovered that a strictly
chemical occupation would never satisfy his
taste in this free country, anu his old love for
nil e and surgery, which he had studied as

a side issue, became the ruling passion of his
life, and he decided to devote hie whole future
to the study and practice of the healing art.
Being at that time in Haltimore, Maryland, ho
entered the me<lical college of the l^niversity
of Maryland and, after three years of didactic
lectures and hospital practice, he graduated with
honor and distinction. Thus e<[uipped with a
broad knowledge he started npon a tour of the
continent.

Arriving at Portland in May, 1882. and be-
ing pleased with the surroundings and prospects
of this city, he soon decided upon permanent
settlement here. With the exception of one
friend he was a stranger in the city. His
acquaintance was rapidly extended and his suc-
cess seemed at once achieved. He soon found
himself in the midst ot a large practice, his
patients representing many of the best families
of the city. By close application to business.

by cont. lined study of medical literatun!, by
careful selectiiin of Ills associate:', hi' gained for
himself a position in the front ranks of Purf-
land's promincTit physicians, lie is an active
Tuemlier of the State and Portland medical
societies, and his contributions tti medical lit-
erature are numerous and painstaking. Decem-
ber 1, 1888, he was selected to tlie chair of
Chemistry and Toxicology iti the medieval depart-
ment of the Willamette University, which
])osition he occu|)ied until 1887, wlu^n he re-
signed to accept the same chair in the medical
department of the Uidversity of Oregon.

Dr. Binswanger was married in San Kran-
ci-co. May 7, 1890, to (iuda Braverman, daugh-
ter of Louis and Fanny Bra\erman, pioneers of
San Francisco. They have one child, Edna.
The Doctor and his family reside at the corner
of Twentj-funrth and Overton streets, where he
has recently completed a large and imposing
residence.

^-^-^

.AMUEL B. HUSTON, of Ilillsboro, is
one of the members of the legal profes-
sion who, aided by bis own genius, has
rapidly risen to prominence among the many
talented lawyers of Oregon. lie was born in
New Philad'jipbia, Washington county, Indiana,
on Mi.i-ch IG, 1858. Ilis father, Oliver Huston,
was born in „he same place in 1836. The fam-
ily originated in Scotland, and removed from
there to England and from there to America
previous to the Revolution. There were three
brothers, one settled at llockbridge, Virginia,
and the others in MitHin county, Pennsylvania.
General Samuel Huston, of Texas, descended
from the llockbridge brother. (Jur Samuel
Huston's father was a descendant of one of the
brothers who settled in Pennsylvania. Mr.
Huston's great-grandfather, Alexander Huston,
emigrated from Pennsylvania to Kentucky and
was one of the early pioneers ot that State. His
son, Samuel M. Huston, was born in Nelson
county, Kentucky, where be was raised, and he
removed to Indiana, where his son, Mr. HuBtt.n's
father, was born. He married there a Miss
Lucretia P. Naugle, of his own county and a
daughter of Jacob Naugle, of Pennsylvania, and
of German ancestry.

-Mr. Huston was the eldest of three children.
His father etdisted in the Eighteenth Indiana

Ilil

720

lusronr oa- ohkoon.

Voliiiiti'er Int'niiti'y. fiml was killed iit tlic liattlea
of Stone river. Ills two lnotliers imd lii» iiiotlier
(lied soim after tlie deittli of liin father, and
l)y the time he liad reached jiis twenty-tirst
year lie had not a single near relativ(! left. He
obtained \\\> education at the Northern Indiana
State Normal School, anil in 1877 ej;an to read
law with (ieori^e N. I'arker. of Ivoliinson, Illi-
nois. Later he read with Ileffron A: Zarinj; at
Salem, Indiana, and was admitted to the Imr in
in 1879. lie then went west to Kansa.s City,
and was in the employ of the Chicago Lumber
t'ompany for a short time, and then went to
New Mexico and was there in tlie employ of
the Atchis<>n, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad
Company. He canu' to Forest (4 rove. Orefjon,
in 1SS3 ami worked at tlie milling business,
which he had learned of his stepfather, who
owned a mill in Illinois. While workinj; at
the mill in Forest (irove a law case came up
and Mr. Huston was induced to try it against
Thomas H. Ilandley. He was .so successful in
the case that Mr. Handley offered him a ])art-
u(!rship in his law business. All these years
Mr. Ilui.ton had been unwilling to begin prac-
tice without the necessary bociks which lie could
not ol)tain, and indeed he had formed a low esti-
mate of his own fitness for the profession. His
partiu'rship continued with Mr. Ilandley until
1888, when they dissolved partnership, and
since then Mr. Huston has practiced alone in
Ilillsboro, where he has achieved a success
which was very unexpected to liiin, and he tiow
enjoys a large and lucrative practice. He is a
memoerofthe bar and has several times lieen
elected as a member of the City Council, and
he runs far ahead of liis ticket. He was nom-
inated by the Democratic party in 1888 for
State Senator, and tliat year the Republican
majority was 410, and he was only defeated by
22(5 votes. During that campaign he made a
very capable and efl'octive campaign through the
county.

In 1892 he was again nominated, on the
Democratic ticket, for the ofHce of State Sen-
ator agains" Hon. Thomas H. Tongue, one of
leading lawyers of tlie State. The Repu'Miean
ticket had over 500 majority at this election,
yet Mr. Huston was elected by 158 majority,
and has the honor of being the first Democrat
who ever represented his county in the Senate.
He at once took rank as one of the leading men
in the Senate.

Mr. Huston was married in 1884, to Miss

F.lla Geiger, of Forest (irove, and the daugh-
ter of Dr. William (ieiger, a prominent pioneer
ol Oregon, who came to the Territory in 1888.
Mr. and iMrs. Huston have three children, all
born in Ilillsboro. The names are Ella Blanche,
Oliver B. and Carl. Mr. Huston has Imilt an
an attractive residence in Ilillslioro, fronting the
grounds of tlie courthouse, and it is one of the
most delightful homes in Ilillsboro. He is
also engaged in real-estate transactions and aids
all enterprises intended to benefit the city or
county.

POUWLAS W. TAYLOli. one of the most
capable anil trustworthy officials of thecity
of Portland, Oregon, has lieen a resident
of the State since childhood, his parents having
emigrated to the I'acitic coast in 1854. He was
born at Muscatine, Iowa, January 23, 1851. His
father, I'eter Taylor, was a native of I'ertli,
Scotland. He crossed the sea to America in
1847, and in 1852 he came overland to tiiis
State. The following year he sent for his fam-
ily, and they sailed from the port of New York
by way of the Isthmus, arriving in Portland
January 8, 1854. Here Douglas W. Taylor
was reared to manhood, receiving his education
in the common schools and in the Portland
Academy. In early youth he begati surveying,
and did considerable work for the railroad com-
panies. At the age of twenty-three he had es-
tablished a reputation that warranted his elec-
tion to the office of City Surveyor of Portland.
He was re-elected in 1875, 1876, 1877 and 1881.
In June, 188f), he was elected to the State Leg-
islature as one of the representatives from
Multnomah county. He did not have an op-
portunity to serve in this capacity, however, as
in July of the same year he was appointed by
President Cleveland United States Surveyor
(ieneral for Oregon, which jjosition he held
until August, 18U0. In June, 1891, he was
elected Su- *rintendent of Streets of this city,
and he has performed the duties of this office
in a manner reflecting great credit upon him-
self as well as upon his constituency.

Mr. Taylor was united in marriage in 1879
to Miss Alice Carr, a native of Caiitbrnia, and
to them have been born tliree sons: Douglas
VV., fir., llichard B. and Henry. He is a worthy
and active member of all the different brandies

iirsTonr of oiukion.

731

of MiiBoiu-y. Politically he atlliures to the prin-
ciples of the Democratic party. Inlmsiness he
is prompt, eiierfjetic and reliable, and in hoth
public and private life he has made a record
above reproach and preserved an untarnished

name.

'^-^H^->>i^^i^^>'!^<-

ii B. ST K A II N S, one of the leading con-
^ tractors and builders of Union county,
!*o was born in Montgomery county, New
York, March 11, 1837. lie was the youngest
son in a family of seven children born to Asa
Stearns, who was born in Bayfield, Massachu-
setts, in 1793. lie went to New York when
very small and grew to manhood in that last-
named State. It was in this State that he was
married to Miss Anna Paddock, and in 1855
removed to Wisconsin, where he died three
years later. By trade lie was a millwright. His
wife outlived him until 1877, when she too
died, aged eighty-three. Oidy three of the fam-
ily are now living, namely: Our subject, a
brother in Chicago and one of Los Angeles,
California.

At the outbreak of the Rebellion our subject
enlisted July 12, 18(32, in the First Wisconsin
Heavy Artillery and served until July 13, 1865,
when he received his honorable discharge.
When he entered the service he was oidy a pri-
vate, but was promoted to the position of Ser-
geant. Mr. Stearns jwrticipated in the second
battle (if Bull Run and of Monocacy Junction,
at which be was slightly wounded. After his
discharge Mr. Stearns came home and resumed
work at the carpenter trade. It was our subject
who placed the first machinery in the White
Water Wagon Works, and in 1872 he removed
to Grand Haven, Michigan, where he estab-
lished the Stearns' Manufacturing Mills, where
he turned out windmills, doors, sash and every-
thing that could be manufactured out of wood
in that line. In 1882 he sold out and removed
to Cove, Union county, Oregon, where he has
since been engaged in contracting and building.
He has also been employed by Knapp, Buell
& Co. as salesman of agricultural implements.
At one time Mr. Stearns was quite wealthy, but
a series of misfortunes deprived him of his
hard-earned money, and when his machinery
was burned up in Michigan he resolved to come
to the great State of Oregon and endeavor to

retrieve his lost fortune. Although he had
nothing when he came to Oregon, he is now
in very comfortable circumstances, and has
erected a nice little residence in the town of
Cove, where he has become so well and favor-
ably known.

Mr. Stearns was married March 23, 1804, to
Miss Frances C. I'ayne, born in Aztalan, Wis-
consin, February 28, 1842, daughter of James
and Frances I'ayne, natives of Connecticut. Mr.
and Mrs. Stearns have three children, namely:
James E., the oldest, is now at Rocky Bar,
Idaho; but the twin daughters, Frances Clara
and Carra May, are fourteen years of age and
reside at home. Our subject is a member of
the order I. O. O. F. and Knights of H<mor.
Mr. Stearns is a liepublican in politics and was
iKjminated by his party for the position of Con-
stable, to which othce he was elected in the
town of Cove. Mr. Stearns has proved himself
an honorable gentleman in all the positions of
life he has been called upon to fill, and ofticially,
socially and privately his career is above re-
proach.

fA. BARRETT, one of the self-made men
of Umatilla county and a leading busi-
* ness man of Athena, was born at Sum-
ner, Oxford county, Maine, June 21, 1852, son
of James S. and Elizal)eth M. (Barrows) Bar-
rett, both of whom were natives of Maine,
where they were married and reared their fam-
ily of eight children, of whom Charles was the
second. The duties devolving on him as a farm
hand greatly interfered with his early education.
Though he attended school very little, he has
been a great reader, thereby gaining informa-
tion that could not be gleaned from text-books.
When at the age of twenty years, believing
there was much in store for him out West, he
procured the necessary means a;id started for
()regon. Coming by way of California, he ar-
rived in Umatilla county in the fall of 1872,
and soon found employment on a stock ranch.
His first earnings were used to repay money,
which he had borrowed for the trip across the
continent. Then " Charlie," as he is called,
began not to save the dollars only, but also the
dimes, which secured for him in a short time
an amount sufficient to purchase a small band
of sheep. For five years he was actively en-

> !

7^a

lllSTOUY OF UREGON.

ifiiged in raisiiij; slict'i) and luirsfi;. In 1K83
lio piirclmgi'il 11 Htdck of gixidn luui Ptiirtfil it
liiirdwaru btoiti in Atlieiiu, in wliicli IxisincKx he
still continue'.-, Imvinir now the largest lianlwiiR'
store in town, currying ii stock of #CiO,()()(t and
doing 11 l>nsiMf»s of ^od.OOO. lie liiis sceiired
500 acres of land, 200 acres of wliicli is in cul-
tivation, the rest used for pasture. Since coin-
ing to Atliciirt Mr. Barrett liiis so far gained the
eontidonce of the citizens that when the Kirst
Nutioiuil Bank of Athena was orgiuiize<l. in 1891,
he WHS elected president. This is one of the
solid hiisinesM interests of the town.

.Mr. liiirrett was married iS'oveniher 4, 1S77,
to Miss .lennie K. Mays, who was horn at Mc-
iMiuiiville, Vain Hill county, Ore^m), where
her parents sctth^l in ls52, hut loved to
IJiinitilla county in 18t)it. Mr. and Mrs. liarrett
have two children: Areta, iiorn .Inly 24, 1878;
and Henry, Novemher 11, 1879.

These form a loving ami ha|)py family. Mr.
Barrett is a self-made man, iiaving, as ahove
stated, started in this country without a dollar
A liis own. He can look hack with some de-
gree oi pride to see his progress, as now he is
land-owner, merchant ami hank president, and
has won all his honors for himself in to short a
■ ime.

flJlKiK KOBEiiT CAUKIELD, one of the
most res[)ected of the pioneers of Oregon,
now deceased, was a native of connty Antrim,
Ireland, and of Scotch- Irish ancestry. He was
born in 1805. lie came to America in 1830
and from Mew York went to New Orleans.
From there he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where
he engaged in his trade, that of carpenter and
cabinetmaker.

lie had married Miss Jane J^urnside of his
own county, and they made the perilous jour-
ney across the plains to Oregon in 1847 and
brought with tliem two children, Robert F. and
David, both now residents of Oregon Oily,
David Cautield being engaged in the grocery
business. They settled in Oregon City, where
there were born to them a daughter, Klizabeth,
who died in her sixth year; Charles II., a
banker in Oregon City; C!lara, married to Hon.
E. L. Eastham and widowed in 1891, and Ed-
win (t., who is cashier of the Bank of Oregon
City.

I'poii arriving in Oregon City Mr. Cautield
engaged in the mercantile busiiiess, in which he
continued until 1870, when he retired from
active business. He had been fully identified
with all the interests of his county and had
invested in land in and about this city, and was
actively interested in the welfare of Oregon
City. He was a man of ability ami integrity
and was in politics a Democrat. He served as
a member of the C'ity Co\incil, was elected in
1858 Treasurer of ('liickamas county and served
two terms, of four years each as County Judge.
He died of old age on the I8th of April,
1S90. He was honored and respected by all
who knew him. He left a widow and a highly
respected family, who revere his memory. Mrs.
("auticld Btill survives licr liusband.

^^ee^^^

•]SM^ .1. KO BIN SON, one of the prominent
•JRJmT) fanners of AVashington county, is an
i*-e^Jrj " < )regon pioneer of 1851, born in I'itts-
burg, Pennsylvania, October 12, 1827, son of
William ami Nancy ^Stilley) Robinson, both
natives of Pennsylvania. The father of the lat-
ter, Tobias Stilley, was born in New Jersey,
while grandfather Kobinson was born, reared
and married in Ireland, after which eventhe emi-
grated to America and settled in Pennsylvania,
near Pittsburg, wliere he reared his family ami
resided until the time of his death, which oc-
curred in his eightieth year, his wife surviving
him until her eighty-eighth year. They were
pioneers of that portion of Pennsylvania, and
were there when the Indians gave the settlers
so mncli trouble.

Mr. Robinson, the subject of our sketch, was
the second in a family of five children. When
he was eleven years of age he lost his father,
who was drowned during the construction of
the Pennsylvania and Erie canal, of which he was
one of the contractors. The family were
cheated out of the money due them for his serv-
ices ami were left in a destitute condition, the
chililren being thrown upon their own re-
sources. Our subject lived with and worked
for different people and "'so ran on the canal
until 1840, when he removed to Newcastle, but
the following spring made his way to Jeft'erson
county, Indiana, now Madison county, wiiere
he worked for wages on a farm.

In the above named county, January 9, 184S,

BiaTonr of oheoon.

783

he married Miss Eiiinliiie liHriiiirii, a native of
Iiiiiiaiin, l)<>rii in 1829, (iaiigiiter of Air. Hiir-
riiiin, of N(nv York. Two ciiildriMi were Imrn
to Mr. and Mrs. li()i)inBon, in Indiana, and in
1851 tlie little family crossed the plains to Ore-
gon. They started in March, making tiie tri|)
by water to St. Joseph, MissonrI, where they
fitted themselves with a necessary onttit, eon-
sistiiif; of oxen, waj^on and snpplies. They had
to endnre many hardbhips, l)nt in the face of all
of them Mr. Robinson never lost his good spir-
its aiui cheered up the others of the party in
every way he conid think of, often taking ont
the end board of the wauoii, laying it on the
ground and dancing jigs npon it. He was a
man who could always be depended npon for
g\iard dnty and when they were in danger Mr.
liobinsori was tiie first to be on hand to fight
the enemy if necessary. If cattle were lost it
was he who went after them. Toward the end
of the jonrney Mr. Robinson kindly and gener-
onsly divided his i)rovi8ions with those whose
snpplies had given ont, proving himself a char-
itable, brave and cheerful -spirited man. The
other emigrants appreciated ids many good
qualities of mind and heart and he was greatly
beloved by all of them. So generous was he in
aiding others that his own stock grew low and
he was obliged to kill gronnd squirrels to eke
out his scanty store of flour. To add to the
destitution of the party the snow fell to the
depth of eight inches and their wornout cattle
died, as also did their seventeen blooded mares.
It was very discouraging to see the dead ani-
mals lying around the camp. In spite of all
their discouragements they were brave and cour-
ageous and finally got through alive and in the
spring of 1852 came to the donation, where
they have since that tiinejmade their home. Here
Mr. Robinson took up 320 acres of land, seven
and one-half miles southwest of the city of
Portland, near Ames Chapel on Fanno creek.
Here he built the log house of the pioneer and
they began the lite of the western emigrant,
having everything to do, with nothing to do
with. The brave wife with her two little ones
remained alone while the husbatid went seven
miles to Milwaukee and worked in a sawmill
at night. So steady did he adhere to his work
that he was only able to get home once in two
weeks. There was no road to the house and
the family were isolated from the neighbors.
All of this is changed, and with these changes
has come the prosperity of the family whose

exploits we are now recounting. Tiu^y J'l^''-
severed and now can look back on tlios(! early
sufferings as things of the past. Mr. Robinson
is tile possessor of a very vahiaijie farm, on
which he has acoinfortal)le and commodious resi-
dence, supplied with all that is nece.-'sary fur the
enjoyment of life. It must be a source of great
pleasure to these pioneers to reflect that all these
comforts are the results of their niuiided labor.
On this farm, where they now reside, they passed
through a very severe affliction in the death of
their little daughter Lenora, a sweet child of
three summers, who ventured too near the fire
while they were clearing land, her dress catch-
ing in the greedy flames. So severe was the
burns, that her death followed, but her memory
is tenderly cherished by the family, to whom
lier sufferings and death were a severe blow, for
she was the pet of the household. Another
daughter, Berrilla, died in her seventeenth year;
Agnes is at home with her parents; Viola, wife
of Dr. Joseph Smith, of Portland; Raleigh, the
son, is married and resides on the home farm,
managing it; Florence is also at homo. .Mr.
Robinson has been a successful farmer and has
added to his original purchase until he is a
large land owner. Recently he gave a portion
of his estate to his children. He has operated
considerable real estate very successfully and is
still dealing in land. Mr. Robinson and the
daughter, Agnes, are members of the Christian
Church. Mr. Robinson belongs to the I. O.
O. F., and in politics he is a Republican. He
has led an honorable upright life and he and
his family have made many friends in their
county, where they are highly respected by all
who know him.

. — s^€®3i)^->^ — ■

fOIIN W. NOP,LE, the Assessor of Clacka-
nius county and a member of the City
Council of Oregon City, was born in Lake
county, Illinois, January 20, 1852. His father,
Isaac Noble, was born in 1818, in Edinburgh,
Scotland, but emigrated to the United States, in
1843, settling in 1850 on a farm in Lake county,
Illinois. Here ho reared his family and still
resides. He married, in his native land, Miss
Jane Flemming, native of his own town. Soon
after their marriage the trip across the ocean
was made, and soon they were established in a
homo of their own, in which they have beea

724

IllSTUUY OF UHKUUS.

wry siuH'i'Shful. Tlicv liiul six cliildrcii, mic of
wliii'li, William was kilUiil at Nasliville, Tt'ii-
iiessL'i', while (li'i'iiiiliii)^ the •• stars and striiii's."

ilolm NoIpIc was itai'fil uii his fathur's farm,
atlfii(lin;i si'hool in the winter iiiiil wurking i
tliirini,' the mmim'r. When lie hfcame olii
t'lioiijrh ht! tanj^ht school four months in the
year anil worked on his farm tlie remainder of
the time, hut, in time Bold his farm and removtMl
to ihe southern part of his <uiunty. In llS7u lie
came to Oreiron, |iurchascd a farm, hnilt on it
and there lived, im|>roviM<j it for fourteen years,
a?ul then sold it and came to Orej^on City and
|mrchase<l a residence lot, where he has since
resiiU'd, engaj^ed in speculation. In 1888 lie
was elected Assessor of the county and served
in that otiice so satisfactorily that he was re-
elected, and is now serving his second term of
two years. In 1891 he was elected a memher of
the I'ity Council, in which ca|)acity hi' is also
serving;.

In March 18, 1877, Mr. Nohlo was married
to Miss Louisa Ford, a native oi Oregon, and
tiie daughter of liohert Ford, w),'^ rain;; io this
iStaie in 185^. Air. and Mrs. Xohle ha' e four
children, all horn in Oregon, nameJy: Jennie
K, Emory ,J., Maud E. and John' E. The
faMiily are highly respected, and Mr. Nohle
is a Worthy memher of I. O. O. F. Mr.Nohle's
father was a man of intregity of character and
his constant effort was to impress upon his son
the principles that governed his life and actions,
and Mr. iSohle, our snhject has proved a worthy
pupil of tliat good man. In iiis capacity as a
pulilic officer he has heen conscientious and
cnpahle, making a safe and reliahle officer in the
county, where he has made a host of friends.

JlAJOll i\. A. CORNOYER, a Califor-
nia pioneer of 1849 was horn in Sin-
clair county, Illinois, Novemher 11,
1820, and is the only surviving son of Narcisse
and Alary A. (Bernier) Cornoyer, both of whom
were natives of Canada, who came to the United
States in 1812. Soon after liis arrival here the
father of our subject took j)arl in the war and
was with (ieneral Jackson at New Orleans, aiul
was also in the Black Hawk war. lie died in
184:1, at the age of sixty-si.x years. The inotjier
of our subject died in 1836, at the age of thirty-
six.

Our subject attended tiie commoti schools in
Illinois ami later was sent to St. Mary's ( 'ollege
in Missouri, where he finished his education.
After his return from school lie engaged in
clerking in a stoi-e anil was then made Deputy
Slieriti' of the county, which position he held for
several years. In 1849 he was one of the nuiiiy
young men stricken with the gold fever, but
wlien he arrived in California his wild experi-
ences on the way had cooled his ardor somewhat
and he only remained a short time and came on
to Oregon. Our subject settled in Marion
county and commenced farming and continued
until 1852, when the Indians bei aine so trouble-
some that lie was tibliged to give up his farm-
ing int(>rests aiul went to defend his home, in
the Rogue river war in 1852. In l855-'5t) the
Umatilla Indians again made a break and our
subject went out again, enlisting in the First
Oregon Mounted Volunteers as a private but
was soon j)romoted to be Major of his regiment.
He has seen some hard service in tlie Indian
wars and is known to history as the officer who
caj)tureil Chief l'eu-1'euMox-Mox.

Upon this occasion he was out upon a scout-
ing expedition and saw a band of Indians, which
he started to pursue, when the great warrior ad-
vanced with a white flag and surrendered to the
Major. Soon after the force under MajnrCJor-
noyer engaged in battle with a hostile band of
Indians and as the chief tried to make his es-
cape lie was shot and killed by the guards. After
t)ie return of our subject from the Indian wars
he wa-^ elected Sheriff of Marion county and was
re-elected to the same ojiice and then came to
the in i lies of eastern Oregon, where he eng.iged
in trading and mining quartz, continuing for
three years, although he did not make this bus-
ness successful. Finding it necessary to make
a new start in life he engaged as superintendent
of farming on the Umatilla reservation, under
Major Banhardt, and worked for two years at
the Umatilla agency, and in 1871 he was ap-
pointed the Government agent ihere. He held
that position for four years, when he resigned,
but was recalled and held the position for four
years more. lie was considered a very useful
and important man there, possessing the power
to influence tlie Indians, and at one time was
able to suppress an uprising and induce the In-
ilians to believe that the soldiers were there for
their protection instead of their sutijection, in
this way saving many innocent lives. F]ver since
coming to the county be has possessed the conH-

llIHrORY OF on MOON.

785

deuce of the I'lnatilliih, and to this day lliey go to
him for advice and to hIiuw their ^ratidiide to him
fur the kind services rendered them; while agent
they made liim a prcHeiit of 160 acres of land,
lettiiiff him choose it iiimself. He is now liviiij^
on this farm, improving- it, ami will soon prove
n|i ills right and get his deed. I'eside this KiO
acres lie Inis his old home farm of '200 acres.

In 1S51 .Major ("ornoyer married Miss Mary
S. iiellcgne, ii native of Oregon, horn in ISiJO.
Iler fatiier cain(( to the State at an early day
and nnirried a half hreed, her grandmother he-
ing a fiill-l)lo(iiled Indian s(jmtw. Major and
Mrs. Cornoyer have had twelve children, hut
oidy five are vet living, as follows: Mrs. K.J.
Siimrnerville, .Sirs. .loseph [""orrest, Mrs. Alex-
ander Kirk, Mrs. Daniel Kirk and the only son,
G. F. Cornoyer, all owning farms in Umatilla
county and all prosperous. The Major is a mem-
ber of the Oregon War Veterans, the only secret
society to which he lielong. In his religious
belief he is a lioman Catholic. In politics ho
is a strong Uepuhlican, although reared a Demo-
crat until the breaking out of the war, v.lien he
changed his belief for that which he now holds.

)EV. A.J. HUNSAKEll, for many years a
prominent ministerof the Baptist denomi-
nation, came to Oregon a8earlyaslS47. lie
was born in Adams county, Illinois, January 10,
1834, a son of Josepli llunsaker, a native of
Kentucky, born July 4, 1799. Ilartman llun-
saker came from Switzerland, in 1(532, brif)ging
with him his five daughters aiul a son, and set-
tling in Pennsylvania. The son's name was John
L., married and had seven sons and a daughter,
and from them sprang the family in the United
States. In their early history in tiiis country
they were industrious and reputable farmers;
later many of them became prominent mem-
bers of the professions, — lawyers, j)by8ioian8
and ministers. Mr. Ilnnsaker's father married
Miss Elizabeth J. King, a native of the State of
North Carolina, and of English ancestry. They
had twelve children, of whom two sons and
three daughters are living. Their mother died
in 1864, and the father in 1861). Both the
honored parents are buried side by side in their
family bnrying-ground on the donation land
claim in Marion county, now owned by the sub-
ject of this sketch.

Mr. IIunBaker, their youngest son living, is
chielly a self-edneated man. When he became
of age ho located on a donation claim in Lane
coc'ity, where he resided three years. From
1856 to 181)1 he taught school in winter ami
farmed in summer. lie entered the ministry
in 1870, but continued the management of the
farm until 1875. He was then called to the
pastorate of the First I'aptist Church of Al-
bany, one-half of the time, the other half to the
I'rowiisville Church. This arrangement eon-
tinne(l two years, and he then moved to Mc-
Minnville, accepting the pastorate of the church
there. Next in 1871t he was called to the
general missionary work for ;lie North I'acitic
coast, under the auspices ot the American Bap-
tist Home Mission Society, in which he con-
tinued four and a half years. He then spent
two years as an evangelist and financial agent
for the McMinnville College, when he was again
called to the missionary work for the Central
Association. At length he resigned this posi-
tion and accepted the pastorate of the Weston
and Adams Baptist Churches in Umatilla
county. After a few months" service in this
relation he resig led it, and accepted his pres-
ent work as pastor of t. i First Baj)tist Church
of Independence.

Mr. llunsaker has organized a number of
churches and auxiliary societies, and accom-
plished a great deal of work as a inijiister in all
the relations ho has sustained. Under his
ministrations the houses of worship at Baker
City, Walla Walla, Spokane Falls, etc., have
been built or started ; and as an evangelist his
labors were greatly blessed, proving him to be a
snacessful revivalist.

Early in his history be took an active part in
political matters. He was reared a Democrat,
but later in life gave politics less attention. He
was for years i magistrate. Was nominated by
his party for Sheriff, aiul also for State Se:iator,
and for over a quarter of a century he has been
a trustee of McMinnville College, which ofiice
he still holds. Thus be has been a very useful
man, of marked ability.

W^hen he came to Oregon, in 1847, with his
father, he was a lad of thirteen years, and was
shepherd for his fatluT on the way, liavimr a
horse to ride, but pi'eferriug to walk, he catne
on foot after the sheep most of the way. They
started with 120 sheep, but got through with
only forty-five. Since his arrival here he has
been conversant with the growth and develop-

196

JllSTOliY OF OtilCilON.

i y »i ,

iiicnt of tliiH Htiitc, iind Iihk iloiic liis xlmro in its
tluvelopiiioiit. III! is an ardont lover of Oregon,
f^eptenibcr liJ. 1M55, Itcv. Ilmittaki-r luarritMl
Mins Kninui'I. Hill, a tlaiigliter of littv. K. ('.
lliil.M. I)., iati! of Albany. He Hold the dona-
tion claim in l.ant! county, and rctiirnt'il lo his fa-
ther's old honieslcad, in IHyli. where Mrs. Ilun-
saker died,. June 11, ISIJH, leaving one dauijhter,
Klla, who married .1 eol) iinegf;, January 24,
ls82, and tlirei! nionl'is later, on the lUth of
May, Ml', iiuegg died, , .nil she in luiw a widow,
residing in Seattle, \V ash in j;ton. Deeemher 2,
18(10, Mr. llunsaker married Miss Mary K.
Adame, the daughter of .lesse 11, Adams, and
liy this nnirriage there were eight children, only
three of whom, however, are now living, namely:
l.nln, now Mrs. .1. I,. Rogers, a druggist of
Me Minnville; I.ora (who, since the above was
written, has also died,.Iune 8, 18!)2, leaving hut
the two, Mrs. Rogers and Wayland.) the wife
of Mr. A. M. Sanders, a hardwart; merchant
of .MeMinnville; and K. Wayland, residing on
the (dd tarm in Marion county.

tlCllARD L. SIMPSON, who came to
Oregon in 1850, and is a successful busi-
ness man of Amity, was born in Tennes-
see, .Ian uai'y 10,1821). His father, .lames Simp-
son, was born in North Carolina, in 1772, of
Scot(!h ancestry, who were early settlers of Vir-
ginia. When a young m.'in his father became
a Kentucky pioneer, and with others built a
fort, by aid of which they kept the Indians at
l)ay. He married Miss Levimi Sowell, a native
of South Carolina, and of Irish ancestry. From
Kentucky they moved to Tennessee, where his
family of eight children were brought up. In
1858 be removed to Missouri and died there,
in 1S()5, in his ninety-third year; liis wife
had ditd two years previously. Of thei'- family
four are still living.

Mr. R. L. Simpson, our subject, was odu,''atcd
principally in Tennessee, going five miles ♦o
Bchool. In 1850 he crossed the plains to Cali-
fornia, and mined on the American river below
Coloma, but lie became sick, and left the
mines in search of health. F'roin San Francisco
he came by water to Portland, Oregon, and
thence to La Fayette, then the largest town in
the county. lie chopped wood, split rails, and
helped build houses; was a volunteer in the
Indian war of 1855-'56, serving in Company

K, until the close of the war. He saw many
of the characteristic hardships of Indian war-
fare. At one time he subsisted two weeks on
horse meat alone. The whiUts succeeded in
driving the Indians out of the State.

When the railroad was in process of con-
struction he went lo St. .loseph, Oregon, and
started in business there, expecting that that
point would t)ecome a town of some importance,
but the |)lace did not progress far in that di-
rection, ami he took (K)wn his store buililing
and removed it to Amity, in 1874, where he
has since resideit. lie amid. M. Kelty had a
store in La Fayette, to which place Mr. Simp-
son came with the intention hnally of closing
the " St. .lo" branch of their l)usiness at Amity ;
and while there he became favorably impresseil
with the town and decided to locate tliere.
During the administration of Presidents Lin-
coln and Johnson Mr. Siinpson held the ofHce
of I'ostnnister at La Fayette; si.x years later
he was I'ostmaster St. Joseph, in 1874 he re-
ceived a similar appointment at Amity, and has
since been the reliable and obliging I'ostnnister
at that place, with the exception of three years
during the administration of President Cleve-
land. When President Harrison whs elected,
the citizens of Amity induced him again to
acce])t the appointment.

Mr. Simpson is the proprietor of the only
drug store in Amity, where he faithfully serves
the demands of the people in that line. In
general he has been successful in business. Ho
owns two business blocks and other real estate,
some in Portland.

Kver since the organization of the Republi-
can party he has acted with the same. He is a
member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the
1. (). O. F. and A. (). U. W. Of the latter
organization he is Past Master Workman, and
he is Treasurer of Atnity Lodge, Nt). 20, A. F.
& A. M. He is also one of the organizers of
the Oregon Pharmaceutical Society. In all the
relations of life, with which he has been con-
nected, he has proved iiitnself to bo an honor-
able and reliable citizen.

fOIIN W. MELDRUM, County Judge of
Clackamas county, was a pioneer of 1845.
He was born near Burlington, Iowa, Decem-
ber 17, 1839. His father, John Meldrnm, was a

HISTORY OF n/iK(ioy.

737

nHtive of Slinlliy pourity, Kentucky, liorii on
Mnrch 17, IHOS. Tliu rmiiily an; of S.-otcli
Irish iinci'htry, liiivin^ ri'inovt'd froin Srotlii!i<l
to Ireliiiid, tlitMi to Afiifriwi in IHOtl. Tlin
.Indgi-'tt ^'I'unill'ittlicr, \U'\\ Williani Mclilrnni,
WHO II tTiinintcr ol" the Mufiiodist dotioniinatioii,
Buttlud in Kentucky. wlii:r<t lie i-cnidiMl for many
years. I li« was u devoted [ircaclier of the jjob-
nel. I,at(>r lie removed to Illinoir*, wlienslud^e
IMel<inimV latiier wa« rained, and inarricMJ Mins
Susanna I )e|iue, u native of Illiniiis, of Krencli
ancestry. In 1837 tiie fatlier and family re-
moved to Iowa. Tlit<y had five cliildreii liorn
to tiiem in Illinois and Iowa, with whom they
crossed tlie phiiim in 1845. Judge Middrnni
wa' then in Wis Kt'th year. They were MX
liHiithB on the jouriu'y, and spent tlie lirst win-
ter in Oregon City, tiien a viUage containing
hut H tew houses. Tliey ■iui)se(iuently resiihid
at diif'Tent jihices, farther up the Wilhimette
valley, on the outskirts of the settlement, wliich,
j'verywhere was sparse, the lionsea heing tew
and uir between, even in the moat thickly set-
tl' d portions of the valley. Tiie Indians, far
outnumhering their pale-faced hrethren, were
often insolent, and were a constant menace to
the lives and property of the settlers. Hy this
time the discovery of golil was made in Cali-
forTiia; the excitement became great, and the
father went to the mines, crossing the interven-
ing wilderness on horseback. Having met with
fairly good success in mining, be, in company
with others, started to return to tlieir homes in
Oregon. On their way back they wore attacked
and rolibed by tlij Kogue river Indians, and
barely escaped with their lives. Tbey were
obliged to subsist upon what tbey could kill
with their guns, and in that way made their
way back. Then he removed to the month of
the Columbia river, north side, and in the
spring of 1850 took up a claim of 640 acres
of land. Of this land he acijuired the title,
and while residing there lie was elected to
served in the ofHees of County (/Oinmissioner
and Probate Judge of the county. There were
no advatitages for sending the children to school,
80 in 18.j() he returned to Oregon City, where
he bought property and resided up to the time
of Ills death. The mothei' is still living on the
property in Oregon City, where they have a
nice home; three daughters and three sons are
living. One of the dan^nters is the wife of W.
S. Moore, Judge of Klamath county ; the second
daiighter is the wife of Ilea. D. V. Thompson,

of I'ortland, Oregon, Hn<l the youngest marri(-d
Captain F. ( >. McCown. The Judge's brother
Henry resides in Oregon City, and is United
States Deputy Surveyor.

Judge Meldrutn was educated in Oregon
City, where, in his twentieth year, he reaci law,
and in 18(15 became engaged in surveying, litdd
the nppointmen. of Unilecl States Di^puty .Sur-
veyor 'or st^venteen y*""''*. '""' did a great deal
of Hurveying in the .Stale. In 1878 he inoveil
on his farm, tw i miles below the city, on the
east side of the river. He served as County
.Siirveyo", and in 1890 was electeil (bounty
.liidge. This otKce he is now tilling with credit
to himself and to the county. He gives his
decisions in a (juiet, unbiased manner, ami his
judgment is coiisideri'd vcMy reliable. The J iidge
has always been a Kepublican in |)olitie8.

He was married in 1S72 to Mise Georgia
I'ope, the daughter of Charles I'ope, .Ir.. pio-
7ieers of 1850. Mr. and Mrs. .Meldrnm have
three children living, one having died in in-
fancy. The others are: Charles E., Kva S. and
I). Thompson. Judge Meldrum is a member
of the I. O. O. K., has passed the chairs, and is
a member of the (irand Lodge. He is also a
tneml)er of the (irand Lodge, A. O. (J. W. He
is a worthy member of the Methodist Church,
and he is also a member of the Hoard of Trus-
tees of same, anil has contributed to all good
enterprises in the town during his whole life.
It is needless to add that Judge Meldrum is
one of the most worthy pioneers of the State
of Oregon.

— ij*t'

fAMES IREDELLE THOMPSON came to
Oregon in 1852, and since that time has
been connected with some of her most im-
portant industries. He was born in Surry
county. North Carolina, April 31, 1827, a son of
William and Feribee (Holbrook) Thompson,
also natives of North Carolina; the paternal
grandfather, James Thompson, was also from
North Carolina. James I. is one of a hiniily
of eight children, two of whom survive. He
received his education in Surry county and at
Emery an<l Henry College, Virginia. After
leaving school he taught for a time, but hearing
of the gold ilisi'overies in California, he aban-
doned the profession in which he had been en-
gaged, and started across the plains to the Pa-

738

HISTORY Oh- OHEOON.

fie coast. Tlio journey was begun March 10,
1852, and the party arrivcl at PiiieGrov*?, (Cali-
fornia, September 19, 1852; contrary to the
usual experience they had a pleasant trip, the
usual distressing dangers being absent. Mr.
Thompson engaged in Placer mining near
Forbestown, meeting with success; thence he
went to Marysville, where he clerked in a gro-
cery store until 1854; next he went to Yreka,
Siskiyou county, and mined there until July 5,
1858, taking out from §10 to ^250 a day. He
left these mines and went co Jacksonville and
Crescent City, and took a steamer for Victoria,
British (Jolunibia; he narrowly escaped ship-
wreck on this trip, being caught in a severe
Btoiin, which continued tiiree days and nights,
lie went to the Fraser river early in the spring,
but the watei-s were too high for mining, con-
sequently he return! d to Oregon, and stopped
at Independence, I'olk county; there he taught
school for'S40 a month and board. After the
life of adventure this (juiet occupation palled
upon him, and he decided he would prefer cut-
ting saw logs in the mountains; so he worked
in the timber for a season, but afterward resumed
teaching, and followed this call'-'g two years at
Eola, iSalt Creek and Red Prairie. In 1SG2 he
started from Polk county for the Caribou mines,
the distance being covered from March 10 to
July 1. He gave $75 for a sack of flour, $15
for a pick and -SIO for a shovel; he mined from
July 1 until September 19, leaving the mines
with $2,500. When asked why he abandoned
the enterprise, he replied: " I had my wife
picked out, and had promised to go b.ack.''

He was married December 11, 1862, to Miss
Elizabeth Dyer, a native of .fetferson, Iowa, and
a daughter of Jonathan Dyer, a pioneer of
Oregon, who still survives, in his ninetieth year.
Mr. Thompson then taught school for a year,
and at the end of that time, rented the old Ford
faiin, where he engaged in raising wheat, a
proHtalile occupation. In iSfiO he was elected
Clerk of Polk county, and at the close of the
term was re-elected. While in ottice he pur-
chased a tract of 320 acres at Dixie, to which
he afterward added 100 acres. In 1870 he re-
moved to this place, improving it at a cost of
S-1,200; in 1S75 he sold it for $13,500. His
next investmcTit was in a grain warehouse, which
he afterwaril sold at a sacrifice. In 1878 he
came to Salem and p irchased some business and
residence property, and since that time has
made no upeculations in the commercial world.

Mr. and Mrs. Thompson had born to them
six children, and in 1877 live of them were cut
down by that terrible disease, diphtheria, one
month (March) covering the short period from
the beginning of the sacriHce to the end. One
child, Hugh H. survives; during 1891 he
served as chi(>f bookkeeper at the State Peni-
tentiary. Mr. Thompson assisted in the organi-
zation of the Grange, at Dixie, Polk county,
and for some years was Secretary of the I. O.
O. F., at Dallas, county seat of Polk county. In

!)olitic8 he is a Democrat. He has earned the
eisure due so many years of industrious toil,
and spends much of hiatime in playing cro-
quet, a game in which he has won a v^hampion-
ship.

fliARLES C. HACKLEMAN, a nativeof
Oregon, was born in Linn county on the
donation claim of his father, July (5, 18(53.
Ilis father, John II. Ilackleman, was a native
of Hush county, Indiana, son of Abner Hackle-
man, an Oregon jjioneer of 1845, who returned
to Indiana in 184(5 for his family, but was pros-
trated by disease that resulted in his death.
John began to support himself wlien only fif-
teen, by learning the trade of printer at liur-
lington, Iowa. This he followed until the 8])ring
of 1852. when ho crossed the plains with his
mother and landed at Albany, (Jregon, in Sep-
teinber. They located a donation claim and he
began farming. In 18(31 Mr. Hackleman pur-
chased the " States Rights Democrat," and as
editor and proprietor he published the ])aper at
Albany for several years. He then engaged in
the grain and warehouse business and pork
packing, which he continueil until 1872. He
was then elected (;ierk of Linn county, atid after
he had completed his term in that ofhce, he was
appointed Assistant State Treasurer under A.
11. Brown, and Clerk of School Law, and remov-
ing to Salem, he held the position until 1879,
when he returtu^d to Albatiy and was appointed
Deputy County Clerk, by J. L. (Jo wan. He
held that office until his death in 1883. His
wife (deceased iti 1879) was Mi.ss Elizabeth A.
Cowan, daughter of A. ('owan, a pionee:* of
1852. They were married in 1855, and had
eleven children, nine of whom survive.

Charles C. was educated in Albany and Salem
and remained with his parents until the death

HISTORY OF OREdON.

of liis father, in 1883. He then removed to
Lehiinon and engaged as clerk in the inerciintile
business of J. L. Cowan ife Company, and re-
mained with tliem two years. In 1885 lie
bonght the small grocery of Charles 11. Ualstoii,
to which he subsequently added dry goods,
boots and shoes, and has continued tiie several
departments, though making a specialty of the
latter articles, lie also owns valuable property
in Lebanon.

Mr. Ilauklem.in was married in "Lebanon
April 28, 1886, to Miss Carrie Ballard of Ore-
gon, and daughter of Dr. D. AV. Ballard, a
pioneer of the early 'oOe. A man prominent
in medicine and State craft, serving one term as
State Senator, and appointe<l Governor of Idaho
in 18(54, b}' President Lincoln. Mr. and Mrs.
U."('kleman have two children, Lonnor and
Kolland.

He is a member of the F. & A. AI., and a
charter member of the fire department, which
wan organized in 1884. He has served two
terms ii; the City Council, and he is an active
member of the Methodist Episcopal Church,
also one of the able and reliable business men of
the aiy.

-=*-.<

S-K"5=—

iU. L. M. Aisa)REWS. a veteran of the
Grand Army of the Republic, and one of
Oregon City's r.^putable business men, is
a native of Ohio, born in Kent, Portage county,
October 16. 1824. flis father, Rev. John An-
drews, was a Presbyterian minister, born in
Connecticut in 1801, ir.id was of Scotch ancestry.
Several generations of the family resided in New
England. GraTui father Samuel Andrews was a
farmer of Connecticut, who removed to Ohio in
1811, settling in the town or l?rimfield, and was
a pioneer of Ohio. Cleveland was a little vil-
lage at that time, and was forty miles from them,
it was the nearest market. The father of Dr.
Andrews arrived in Ohio in his tenth year. He
was reared, educated and married here, the lat-
ter event taking place when he wedded Miss
Charlotte Moore, a nr.tive of Massachusetts.
They had iWelve children, of whom eight are
yet living. The Doctor is the oldest o" the
survivors of the family, and was the foHiond
child. He was reared on the farm, and was
educated at the public schools and in the ThI-
mage Academy. He read medicine 'vith Dr.

Amos Wright, and then attended the medical
department of the Western Reserve College,
and graduated in the spring of 1852. He began
the practice of his profession in Princeville,
Peor- . county, Illinois, where lie practiced con-
tinually for twenty-three years, except while
acting as Surgeon in the army during the war.
He went into the service in the Department of
the Tennessee, on the Mississippi river, aiui in
December, 1862, he received his commission as
Surgeon in the army, in the Forty-Seventh Illi-
nois Volunteer Infantry, and he served with this
regiment through all the company's engage-
ments, including the siege and capture of Vicks-
burg, and all through Banks' Red river cam-
paign, until the e.xpiration of his service, which
was in October, 1864. . At this time his eyes
failed him, and he was permitted to retire frou)
the service. He returned to his home, and after
his recovery resumed his practice. Later ho re-
moved from Illinois to the town of Lewis, (/ass
county, Iowa, where he practiced for seventeen
years. In his practice he had the treatment of
malignant diseases, such as scarlet fever and
diphtheria, and he contracted erysipelas; and ex-
posure in the cold, while attending his patients
night and day during the inclement winters of
Iowa, told upon his liealth, so he came to Cali-
fornia, looked that country over, and then came
to Oregon, and selected Oregon City as his
home. Having led an active existence all his
life, he decided to open a drug store in a part
of the town where one was needed, on Siventh
street. He began business in 1891, and Is
now doing a successful prescription drug busi-
ness.

Dr. Andrews was married, in June, 1853,
to Miss Fannie G. Robinson, a native of New
York, a pleasant little lady, who has made the
whole journey of their wedded life a hopeful
and happy one, and is still by his side, a faith-
ful helpmate. They have had five children,
three sons and two daughters. They lost their
son, John K., In his twenty-fcpurth year, just as
he had been admitted to the bar, a promising
young lawyer; two of the sons, Forest C. andt
Edwin B., have pleasant homes of their own.
and reside in Oregon City; the daughter, Fan-
nie E., is the wife of OriTi II. Wright, and re-
sides in Oregon City; and the daughter, Mary
Louise, is single and at home with her par-
ents.

The Doctor is a Past Master Mason, and is a
member of Meade Post, No. 2, G. A. R. In

UlsrOHY OF OHKGUN.

politics, when a young iimii he was a Wiiig, hut
thi! irreat issues whicii coulVoiited the country
made him an ardent L'nion iinin and Uepuhlivan,
and liis record in tliat direction is a source of
pride to liini. Diirinif his practice of medicine
in Illinois and Iowa, lie had a large practice,
and did much hard riding night and day to al-
leviate the sutlerings of rich and poor alike, and
out ot the kindness of his heart, he often treated
poor j)eople who had little ahility to pay him.
lie al^o numhered among his patients many of
the best people in the counties in which he prac-
ticed. He so conducted his lite that he made
hosts of warm friends. From all of these he
liad to hreak away tcj spend the remainder of his
life in the mild climate of Oregon, in pictur-
esque little Oregon City, where all who know
him and his good wito. wish theui much happi-
ness.

iEWlTT C. LATOURETTE, an eminent
financier and hanker of Oregon (!ity, Ore-
gon, is of French ancestry, wiio came to
America during the French Kevolutioii, locating
at 8taten Island, llis grandfather, Daniel, and
his father, L. 1). C. l.atourette, were both born
in New York, the latter in 1825.

Mr. L. U. C. Latourette married Miss l.ncy
J. Fisher, a native of Vermont, in 1850. In
the spring of 1849 ho removed from Oregon to
California, whei'e he mined on Featiier river,
meeting with considerable success. IJe returned
in 1850 to Oregon City, Oregon, where he
opened a general merchandise store. After
being in liusiness some time, he sold out and
took a donation claim, situated four miles east
of Oregon Citj, building a cabin in the forest
on his property, in which he resided until his
death. He held for some time the office of
County Commissioner, and was esteemed in
Clackamas county as a man of ahility and in-
tegrity. The grandfather of oiir subject, on the
maternal side, was Rev. iizra Fisher, a devoted
'. aptist minister, who came to Oregon in 1845,
where he organized many Baptist churches in
the Willamette valley, as well as in eastern Ore-
gon, sjiending his wiiole life heralding the gos-
pel of righteoustiess. The parents of our sub-
ject had two children, himself and a brother,
who is now the Rev. Willard II. Latourette, of
Alameda, California.

Our subject was born in Oregon (!ity in
185(5, and was educated at the Pacific Univer-
sity, from which he graduated in 1878. He
taught school for some time in Vam Hillcounty,
but soon began the study of law, being admitted
to the bar in 1882, and beginning his practice
in Oregon City, where he is still located. In
188'J lieaided in organizing theCoinniercial Bank
of Oregon City, of which he was at that time
elected president, which position he still holds.
He is a stockholder in several business enter-
prises ot hiscity, but takes no active interest in
any but law anil banking. The Commercial
Bank of Oregon (!ity ha-s a ca[)ital stock of
$100,000, and under President Latonrette's
management is yearly increasing its luisiness.
He lias constructed several of the business
buildings of his city, one of which is the hank
building.

He was married in 1882 to Miss Ella Scott,
a native of the State of Washington, and a
daughter of John T. and Ruth (Eckler) Scott,
and sister of 11. W. Scott, of the Oregon iaii.
They have two children, both born in Oregon
City, who are named Kenneth S. and Ruth L.

He adheres to the faith of so many of his
forefathers, that of the Bajitist Church, being
one ol the deacons of that denomination.

t)f undeviating fidelity, unimpeachable integ-
rity and superior financial ability, he has gained
the confidence and esteem of his fellow-citiz(<ns,
and all with whom he comes in contnct or dues
business. Devotedly attached to the city of his
birth, he ardently espouses all intercrfs or enter-
prises tending to her advancement and wel-
fare.

s^^

JSAAC HUTLER, of Hillshoro, Washington
3] coi .ity, Oregon, is one of the few iirave
*^ pioneers of (>regon that are left of the num-
ber who crossed the vast plaint; mi 1845, and
who have made their continuous hone in that
State. He has made it the place o" his resi-
dence for the past forty-seven year , a period
covering the settlement, growth and develop-
ment of the now great comuKjiiWealth. Mr.
Uutler was born in Alabama on the 13th of
June, 1820. His father, John Butler, was born
in the same State, and married Mrs. Margan^t
Thrasher. They had eight children, two sons
and eix daughters. Tiie^ removed to Tennes-

MiMi

UISTORr OF OHKGON.

731

see, ami ri'siiled twelve iiiilew east of Meiiipliis.
Wlien Mr. IJutler was eight years old his
mother died, and later the tHinily removed to
Illinois, and from there to Missouri. JJuriiig
this time the father and one sister perished in a
hlizzard. After this he was left to depend on
himself. Having to look out for his own siip-
])ort as he did, of course, he never enjoyed any
of the advantages of education.

lie married in Missouri Miss Tabitha J.
Tucker, and soon after they crossed the plains
t(if:ether to make for themselves a home in the
then comparatively unknown region, Oregon
Territory. They left Missouri in the spring of
1845, and were six months on the way. Some
of their company suffered with sickness, but
both Mr. I'.utler and his wile kept their health.
Mr. Butler had one yoke of oxen, and he hitched
it with the teams of another man and agreeing; to
drive reached Fort Fisher. They disagreed
and <lis8olved partnership, but Mr. Butler had
another chance with a man, and in that way
completed the journey. His leather breeches
80 shrunk on the trip that he had to cut them
off when he reached Oregon, lie took a dona-
tion claim in the public region, four miles east
of Hillsboro, in Washington county. The near-
est town was Oregon City, and that had only a
few inhabitants, lie built a little log cabin on
his land, and struggled to live during those
hard pioneer days, lie improved his farm, and
resided on it for forty-one years, when he rented
it and went to Hillsboro to reside.

Mr. and Mrs. Butler had ten children, all of
whom they raised, and all are now living. She
died in 1809. The children are: George W.,
John Thomas; Sarah, now Mrs. George lloop-
engarner; Charles, William; Ann Elizabeth,
now Mrs. Alonza Sigler; Elzadia A., now Mrs.
C. Bloyd; Benjamin F.; Lucy Ellen, now Mrs.
James Sigler; Mary Emaline, now Mrs. Uoeco
StajiU's. Three years after the death of his
wife, Mr. Butler married again, this time Mrs.
Polly C. Moore. She had a daughter, Anna
Eliza Moore. They have had live children,
namely: llattie May, Isaac Mark, Fred, James
and Lottie II., making in all, sixteen children
that Mr. Butler has raised, and has twenty-three
grandchildren.

In 1860 he engaged in sawmilling, wiiich he
has continued in a<ldition to his farm work.
He has recently built a mill adjacent to Hills-
boro, and his sons are attending to it for him.
Mr. Butler has been a Democrat all his life.

and he is a member of the Christian denomina-
tion. He is a member of the Tualitin Lodge,
A. F. & A. M. ills life has been one of in-
dustry, and all the wealth that he enjoys at
present was obtained by hard and steady work.

■ — ^^i@:i§)»-^^ —

[ AMUEL B. CALIFF, the present obliging
J and reliable Treasurer of Clac';ama8 county,
is a native of I'ennsylvan-d, born Febru-
ary 3, 1820. His father. Joel Califf, was born
in 1797, in Vermont, where his grandfather
was a civil officer, and where his father, Stephen
Califf, was also born. The name originated in
Persia. They were Baptists in reli<:ion. Joel
Calilf married Jane Saulsbury, of Uliode Island.
They had nine children, six of wh(>.n are still
living, three in Oregon. The father removed
to Pennsylvania in 1814, and settled at Smith-
lield, Bradford county. In 1844 ho removed
to Wisconsin, and in 1852 to Iowa, where his
death occurred in 1861. The mother died in
1889, ill iier eighty-eighth year.

Samuel was the third child, and was raised
in Pennsylvania until his seventeenili year.
He was sent to the public schools in the little
log schoolhouse, and worked hard on the farm.
He removed to Wisconsin with the family, and
continued with his father on their farm for a
year or two, and then learned the trade of
mason. He followed it and farming until 1862,
when the great need of the country prevailed
on him to leave his wife and little children, and
he enlisted as a private in the Union army, to
fight under the folds of the grand old flag. His
company was Company K, Thirty-eightli Iowa
Volunteer Infantry. He was sent dowi: t!:e
Mississippi, and participated in the siege and
capture of Vicksbiirg. From there he went to
the (iulf, participating with his regiment in all
the engagements there and on the lied river,
and was at the taking of Mobile. They were
ordered to Texas, where they remained on duty
until .fuly, 1865. The siege of Vicksburg was
his first big tight, and so bravely did he dis-
tinguish himself as a valiant soldier that he was
promoted to be Captain of his company. The
order read, " For meritorious conduct at the
capture of Vicksburg." He held his office as
Captain until the close of the war, and in 1864
he had charge of Fort Brown, by order, and re-
built it. While engaged here he was acting

733

HISTOIir OF OUKGON.

W !|

Brevet ifs'.jor, by order of (ieneral Frank Heron.
In the work on Fort Urown liis knowleil<^e of
masonry served liiin well, as lie knew what to
do and how to do it. At Vicksburg his regi-
ment was constantly under lire tor nineteen
days, and he partit-ipated in as many as twenty-
tive skirmishes and en^agemonts, and never re-
ceived a scratch or was disabled in any way,
except for a few days in the hosjjital at New
Orleans. At the close of the war he returned
to his wife and home, a veteran and a victor.
lie has ever since enjoyed great satisfaction
from the thought that when his country needed
him he did not allow any thought of self to in-
tervene. The soldier laid down his sword and
lOok up his trowel, and quietly went back to his
peaceful vocation. A little later he took a
lioinestead of KiO acres of land, on which he
built and the family resided.

He had married Elizabeth llollenbeck, of
(.ireene county, New York, September 24, 1849.
They have had seven children, six of whom are
living: Charles, (ieorge, Lizzy, Edward, Ida
and Nora. Jane, the third child, died in her
second year.

The family resided on their farm until 1871,
when Mr. Caliif sold, and in 1873 came to Ore-
gon City and worked ai his trade until 1884,
when he was elected I'olice Judge and Justice
of the Peace, and four years later was elected to
the responsible position of Treasurer of the
county, in which jiosition he is now serving,
lie has liuilt a good home in Oregon City,
where he resides with his family, lie takes a
deep interest in the well-being of his town,
county and State, and he votes the Republican
ticket, lie is a charter member of ileade Post,
(t. a. K.,and has held most of the offices of the
post, and is now Adjutant. He is a memt)erof
the Masonic fraternity and I. O. O. F. ; is Past
Master of the former lodge. He has reBi<led
twenty years in Oregon City, and is valued as
one of her best citizens.

jj,^KACO\ JOHN 1?RUSH, a retired resi-
dent of Alt)any. and an Oregon pioneer of
1847, was born in Hetliel, Ontario countv,
New York, in 1822.

His father, (Charles |{rush, a native of Dan-
bury, Connecticut, was a descendant of Scotch
ancestry. He move to New York and there

married Miss Sarah A. HoUett. Locating in
Petliel, Ontario county, soon after his marriage,
he engaged in the hotel and mercantile busi-
ness until 1834, when he moved to Bridge-
water, Michigan, and settled on a farm.

The subject of our sketch remained with his
parents till he reached his majority. In 1843
he went to Misliawaka, Indiana, where he be-
gan learning the trade of carpenter ami cabinet-
maker and also worked in a f inning-mill man-
ufactory three years. In ttie fall of 1840 he
went to St. Joseph, Missouri, and the follow-
ing spring, in partnership with David Cutting,
procured a team and joined a company bound
fur Oregon, Lot Whitoomb being captain of
this company. The train numbered ahout sev-
enty-tive wagons. At the I'latte river the com-
pany divided, and Mr. Brush was made captain
of the Cutting and Matoon division. He acted
in that capacity until they reached Fort Hall,
where, on account of the provisions running
short, he and a few companion.s left the com-
l)any and traveled with pack horses, thus being
enabled to make greater speed. They reached
Oregon City in September, 1847. The tirst
winter he. taught school at Clackamas, living
with the Cutting family. The following spring
he contracted with Fendall C. Casson to build
forty fanning-mills, at $13.50 each, after a Vir-
ginia pattern, lieing of wood and sheet iron.
This job he completed in about two months and
a half.

Hearing of the discovery of gold in Cali-
fornia, he started for the "diggings" the Ist
of September, packing across the Siskiyou
mountains and down the Sacramento river.
They proceeded to "Sodom and (Tomorrah,"
afterward called "Hangtown," and now is known
as Placerville. Leaving the dry "diggings,"
they went to the American river, where Mr.
Bush was very successful in his mining opera-
tions. He continued there until Ajiril. 1849,
when, on account of scurv'j he was obliged to
leave the place. Gold was so plentit il that ho
made from 840 to $100 per .lu;., and he car-
ried away with him Sfi.OOO in gold dust. About
May 1 he left San Francisco for New York,
going via Panama. Crossing the Isthmus on
foot and by canoes, he Iv^arded the steamer
Crescent City at Chagres for New Orleans,
tiience to Cuba, and from there to New York.
At Philadelphia Mr. Brush converted his gold
dust into coin, and jjoiiig to Michigan, bought
a farm near his old home at Clinton. He

nraroHY of oueoon.

inn

farniod there till 1859. Tiiat year he sold out,
boiijfht some })ro|)t<rty in Clinton, and loaned
the rest of liis money on farm mortijages. After
the war broke out and currency depreciated to
33.', cents for 81, his loans were paid oH" and
he was a heavy loser. He then enj^aged in the
mercantilo business in Clintr ii, continnincf the
same until 1873. That >.., he returned to
Oreijron. lie bouffht tiie S. S. White farm of
170 acres near Oregon City, and after living on
it three years, sold out for S1,000 more than
the purchase price. Ho then came to Albany
and i)ought his present home, on the corner of
Fourth and Railroad street. For three years he
was engaged in the grocery business, two years
manufactured fauninfj-inills, and after that
turneil his attention to luakiui^ wire cloth for
sifting and other purposes. In 1882, in con-
nection witii the wire cloth business, he began
manufacturing woven wire mattresses, which he
continued with largely increased operations un-
til 1889. That year he sold out, and has since
been retired from active life.

Mr. Brush was married, in Michigaii, Jan-
uary 4, 1855, to Miss Alinira Brewster, a na-
tive of New Vork. Tiiey have three children,
natnely: Charles L., who is engaged in the real-
estate business in Portland; Emma A., wife of
.lohn Wilkinson; and Ida M., wife of W. IS.
liuell.

Mr. Hrusii is a member of Corinthian Lodge,
No. 17, and I'.aily (Jliapter. No. S, F. iSi A. M.,
and is a Deacon in the Consiregational Church.
He has served as Sciiool Inspector and.histico
of the Peace for sevcTai years. With yihysical
force and energy unaliated, he is a worthy type
of the Oregon [lioneer.

15. .McCOUI), one of the leading hardware
merchants of Baker City, Oregon, was
'* born in Mercer county, Penn.^-ylvania,
Ju'ly 22, 1842, third in a family of nine chil-
dren. He was born in the same log house, in
which his father. Perry McCord, came into the
world. When S. B. was only two years old, his
father moved to Wisconsin, but soon made his
way back to his native State. In 1850 he re

turned to Wisconsin, remained there twelve

ears, and in 1862 emigrated to Oregon with

lis eldest son, U. I). McCJord, ami settled in | City.
F^ak

His death occurred February 22, 1888, when he
was seventy-two years of age. Until his removal
to Oregon he was engaged in agricultural |>ur
suits, but then gave up that calling to seek a
fortune in the gold beds of Baker county.

The subject of our sketch was reared to farm
life and received his iducation in the country
schools of Wisconsin. At the ago of eighteen
he began to learn the iilacksuiith's trade, and
served a two-years' apprenticeship. He started
westward to seek his fortune on the Pacific coast
in 18(i4. Procee<ling to Missouri, he there hired
as teamster to a party crossing the plains, agree-
ing to do whatever work, came up, from driving
mules to fii;htin<£ Indians, as the savacjcs were
quite hostile. He was si.\ months making the
journey to Baker county, but was not requircil
to exhibit his prowess in lighting the Indians,
as tiiey gave no troul)le to the |)arty, although
he witnessed several battles between other emi-
grants and the Indians. His party chose the
south side of North Platte river, anil tlie fight-
ing was all on the north siile of the river.

S. B. McCord landed in Baker county in 18G4,
two years after his father. His first act was to
open a small shop, in company with his brother,
in a little town called Pocahontas, a ininiTig
village, of which ]\o trace now exists. Here he
pursued his trade until Baker City was organ-
ized in 1805, when 11. 1). McCord renu)ved there,
and S. li. McCord located in Wingvillc. where
he started a blacksmith shoj). In 18(18 our
subject removed to Baker City, opened a shop,
and in 1878 put in a small stock of hardware in
addition. So successful did this business prove
that he has contitined in the hardware business
ever since, alto continuing the shops to the jire-
sent time; and his whole attention is rcrpiired
for the care of his enormous business. He car-
ries a very largo stock of hardware .and hard
wood, doing a ousiness of from $75.00t) to §80,-
000 a year.

Mr. McCord was married, in 1871, to Miss
Angie Speelman, a native of Pennsylvania, who
removed from Iowa to Oregon with her ])arents
in 1802. Following are the names of their chil-
dren: Harvey fJ., Nelson It., Oliver P., (ieorge
W. and S. McCord, and Etfie P., Lizzie, Pearl
and Jane. The oldest daughter married Asa (J.
Shinn, and her two children, a son and daugh-
ter, are the pride of the grandfather's heart.
All of these children are residents of Baker

er county, where he engaged in mining. The subject of this sketch is one of Bakey

«o

784

UlSTORT OF OREGON.

cuimlv's lit'st p|it'('iiiieii.s of folf-made men. He
started in life without a ecnt, and lias acctiinu-
luted (jnite a fiTtiiiie. Me has i^rown with the
county, sHi'C'ceding in whatever he has under-
taken, and 18 already reaping tiie reward ol' liii*
eaaly years of industry. As he in still in the

firiine of lite tliere is no doulit. hut that the
utnre holds many briglit prospeets in store for
him. He was elected Mayor of Jiaker City four
times, and was tiie first man to hold that offie(^
in the eity. He was the principal mover, while
Mayor, in a eity water works' system, wliicli
was completed during liis mayoralty, and is a
grand success, being as good a system :.s exists
in any western town ot no greater jiopulation.
The system has many times saved from loss liy
tire many times the first cost of the entire jdaiit.
Previous to Iiis election to liis oflice. Mr. Mc-
Cord served one term on the City (!ouiieil, and
is now serving liis fourth term as County Treas-
urer of leaker county, demonstrating the entire
confidence placed in liini liy the jieople. He is
a I)emocrat in politics, hut is liheral in his
views, and is a fine specimen of the business
men of tiie Western coast.

Such is a brief sketch of the life of one of
Baker City's promit.ent men.

f H.HALL, A.M., M. I)., prominent among
the early educators of the State, was born
<* in Lexington, Kentucky, in 1835. His
ancestry on the paternal side was from Wales,
and among the early settlers of the United
States. His mother was of the .fardan family
of New England, descended from Puritan stock.
His f-.'her, W. I'>. Hall, was a native of Vir-
ainr iibseijiiently settling in Kentucky, and
nei •; liimbered among the distinguished band
of '• ' ".' Soilers,"' opposed to .slavery. He em-
igrate.;. !n 1844, to IndianajHilis, Indiana. Sub-
sequcTitly he purchased 15,360 acres of wild
land on the Wabi-sli flats, and then brought
sixty-six slaves from bondage in Kentucky, col-
onized them on his land in Indiana and gave
them tlieir liberty. Hiring some of tliem to
work for him, leasing tracts to others who pre-
ferred to have their own property, he treated
all alike, as tree men under a common flag of
freedcm. He then liegan the raising of hogs,
with a packing house at Terra Haute, and river
boats for freighting; he did an extensive busi-

ness upon the Wabash and Mississippi rivers,
which industrv he continued until his death, in
18(i!».

C. H. Hall waseilucated at the Indiana A»-
bury, and afterward at the l)e I'auw University,
at Greeneastle, Indiana, from which he gradu-
ated in 1854. He then went to Louisville,
Kentucky, and began to study medicine, bnt
was diverted from his plan in 1855 and joined
a (ioveninient train, under Captain Williaiii
Craig, of the Engineer Corps, and assisted iii
the ]irelimiiiary survey for a railroad to the I'a-
cific coast, which route was adopted by the
C'entral Pacific Uailroad Company. Mr. Hall
then passed one year in mining and packing
through the northern mines of ('alifornia, and
in the fall of 1856 he actcepted a professorship
of natural seience at the Willamette I'niversity
at Salem. Oregon, and remained three years,
wlien he was appointed principal of the Santa
Ana Academy at Lebanon, Linn county. In
18()0 he was ajipoiiited principal of the Port-
land Academy and Female Seminary, which
he satisfactorily conducted until 1867, when ho
resigned to complete his medical education.
He then attended the first course of lectures at
the medical department of the Willamette
University, and being far advanced in the pro-
fession, he graduated in 1868. He commenced
practice in Uoverninent service at Fort Yam
Hill in western Oregon, and tliere remained
for three years. In 1871 he returned to the
Willamette University and accepted a profes-
sorship in the medical department, on Pathol-
ogy and (u'lieral Practice an<l also became editor-
in-chief of the Oregon Medical and Surgical
.fournal, with which he was connected until
1877, when the medical <lepartnient was moved
to Portland He then began the practice of
medicine in Salem, which he has followed con-
tiniionsly to the present date. In 1887 he ac-
cepted a chair in the medical department at
Portland, as Professor of Theory and I'rHcticeof
Medicine and (ieneral Pathology, in which he is
still engaged, devoting two days of each week
at the college and clinics at the free dispensary,
and the balance of the week he devotes to his
patients at Salem.

Dr. Hall was married at Salem, in 1859, to
Miss Mary Waller, daughter of Uev. Alvin
Waller, on.' of the early Methodist missionaries
to Oregon, who came to the State in 183!t and
was stationed at the Dalles at the time of the
terrible Whitman massacre, in 1847. He was

nrSTORY <iF OllBGOy.

T.ir,

u faithful worker from 183'J to 1H77. iiiul at tlu-
(lati! ot Iii8 ilnatli, ill lS7I*, lin w.'i-i oiiilowiiii'ii t
ai;etit at tlie Willainettn llriivurtilty.

Mr. and Mrs. Hall liavd had thri'C children:
Neliio K., now Mr.-i. (Tei)ri.;e 1*. Gray, of Gray
Brotlier.s, hardware merchants of Silein; Geor-
gie B., deceased; and Esther E., now married
to .[. II. McNary, (Jounty Recorder.

Dr. Hall is ft memijer of the A. O. U. W.,
I\. of I*., the ()refj;oii State Medical Association
and International Medical Congress.

?\V. CUSICK, a banker and iiiflnential
citizen of Alhaiiy, Oregon, was born in
o Adams county, Illinois, in 1835. His
father, Solomon Cusick. was a native of New
York, and directly descended from that cele-
brated Holland family, .\meka .laiis, wlio was
among tiie early settlers of New York city.
His father married Maria llollembeak, of I'enn-
sylvania, and about 1820. emigrated to Wabash
county, Illinois, and six years later, in 1820,
went to Adams county, of the same State,
where he followed farrninjj;, until the spring of
1853 when he sold his farm to join the emigra-
tion to Oregon, lie started with four wagons
and eighteen yoke of oxen, six horses and sixty
heail of young cattle. He and his wife, with
five children, composed the family, with suf-
ficient hired men to drive the teams and cattle.
They joinetl the Illinois train, numbering
tweiity-ono wagons and eighty [leople. Robert
George (Jusick, Solomon's brother, was elected
captain of the train. Their progress was pleas-
ant and uninterrupted until they reached Snake
river, where they lost nine yoke of uxen from
alkali poison, but with plenty of loose cattle to
take their place, they continued their journey
without delay to the Dalles, and thence by river
and trail to the mouth of the Sandy, and from
there ilrove to Oregon Oily. There they ar-
rived on Sejiteinber 17, 1853, with nine yoke of
oxen, six horses, all the loose cattle, and the
entirt! family, all in good health, and the family
duly grateful for their safe and successful jour-
ney. As they drove through Oregon City, the
merchants came out and presented to them some
little gift, and our subject remembers thom
with pleasure. The family proceeded to the
fork of the Santiam river, where they located
on 820 acres and cominenced to look about for

some means of sup|ilylng tliem.-^elves with food,
as they were out of supplies and money. ai]<l
wheat was selling for )?() a bushel.

Our subject was eilucated at liarry College,
Illinois, with a brief period of study in the
Santiarn school, which was conducted by W.
R. Bishop. He found little time for study,
however, as afti^r helping to get the family s(;t-
tled, he went to Salem, where he securtMJ (mii-
ployment at ^1 a day for fair days and no pay
init lioard for rainy ones. The days were piin-
cijially rainy, through the winter, still, he made
sutlieiont money to buy new clothes and a pair
of boots.

In 1855 he engaged in the stock business on
the Santiam river, continuing there until 1857,
when he sold out. He then went to Corvallis
with R. G. Simmons, where they bought a
small livery stable, which they renovated, en-
larged and ojierated until 1800. Our subject
then sold out his interest and liought a herd of
seventy horses, which he drove to eastern Ore-
gon, selling them at a good profit. He then, in
1802, went to the Salmon river mines, which
proved miproti table. He next purcdiaseil n
pack train, and packed from Umatilla to Boise,
Iilaho, until 1865, when he soUi out and re-
turned to the Willamette valley.,

He was martied in Portland in 1866, to Miss
Salome I'eebler, daughter of David Peebler, a
pioneer of 1853. Mr. Cusick then puichased
some goods in Portland and started a small
store at Sublimity, which he conductod until
1869. lie then again entered the stock busi-
ness, removing to eastern Oregon, where he
and his family resided until 187(), when, still
Lontinning his stock interests, he located at
Lebanon where, in partiiersliij) with C. B.
Montague, he engaged in the mercantile busi-
ness. He continueil in this business until 1881,
then devoting liis attention more exclusively to
the stock business. He also sold out of this
interest in 1884. and moved to Albany, where,
in cc)ni]iany with J. L. Cowan, he started the
private banking business of Cowan & Cusick.
They continued this enterprise until 1888
when Mr. Cusick retired from the firm. In
1891 he erected a fire-proof building for
banking purposes, and on February 10, 1892,
started the private banking house of J. W.
Cusick & Company, the firm being composed
of himself and his two sons. Here they en-
gaged in a general banking business.

Mr. and Mrs. Cusick have four children: Ed-

TT-n

786

nrsroiiY of orkgon.

mv-

m !$^;

t\\ ■%

hi •:

ward n. iiiid Cliiirlcs II., who are witli the tiatik;
and two yoiuii^or sons, Hurry 1!. and Eiii;i'iie,
who arc attL'iidiii^ hchool. I'lisidcs liis residence
property on tlio corni'i' of Lyon and Kijjhth
streets, ho owns other valiiahle town property.

lie is a llojiiiblican in politiL's and in l!S88
was elected a delegate to the National Conven-
tion in Cliieaj^'o, which noniinateii l>enjaniin
Harrison for President. He is a Kniirht Teni-
])hir. a nicnilicr of the V, A: A. M., and l)e-
ioni^s to the I. (). (). V. and Kiicanipinent.

He is essentially a sell'-niade man and has by
honorable and persoverinir ellurt ac(juired a
competence, lie is liberal-minded and ])nblic-
spirited, and has the interest of his favorite city
and State much at heart.

fllE STATE INSURANCE COMPANY

^;|jj,jy at Salem is one of the important business
entei'prises of the State of Oregon. It
was organized I''ebruary 29, 1884, by the fol-
lowing fjentlemen: L. L. Rowland, M. D.,
Colonel A. B. ilcElroy, Major George Will-
iams and II. \V. Cottle. I)r, Rowland was
elected president of the company; Colonel Mc-
Elroy, who is State Superintendent of Public
Instruction, was elected vice-president; Major
Williams, a banker of Salem, was elected treas-
urer and 11. W. Cottle, an experienced under-
writer, was elected secretary and nianajjer of
the company; S. V. Cottle, brother of II. W.,
was assistant secretary, but later was su<'ceeded
by C. D. Gabredson, a fi;entleinan of wide e.\-
perience in the insurance business. The di-
rectors of the company are: William Enjjland,
blinker; Honorable W. W. Thayer, e.\-Governor
and ex-Chief Justice of the State; Dr. L. L.
Rowland, Colonel McElroy, Major Williams,
S. V. Adams and H. W. Cottle.

The company has built a fine, three-story
brick block at the northwest corner of Com-
mercial and Chemeketa streets, Salem, where
the home ofKcc is located; the ground floor is
71 X 85 feet; a portion of the building is fitted
III) for offices, and the upper story is occupied
by the different fraternal societies of the city.
The State Insurance is the only conipaiiy north
of San Francisco owning its own offices. The
paid-up capita! stock is !f!lOO,0()0; the assets
have nearly reached ^400,000; they do a very
large business in Oregoii, Washington and

Idaho, making a specialty on dwellings and farm
buildings; they also take the best class of busi-
ness houses. Motwithstanding the destructive
tii'es that have occurred in their field they have
made a steaily gain in assets, and they have done
a constantly increasing business; they were the
first company to ])ay in cash and in full the
great confiagrations at Seattle, Ellensburg and
the Dalles. The directors of the company,
with the exception of Colonel McElroy and Mr.
Cottle, are old settlers; they are all men of
superior ability and great probity of character.
II. W. Cottle, to whose indefatigable efforts
much of tiie prosj)erity of the corporation
is due, is a native of the State of Maine,
born February 25, 1850. His parents, Clark
and Alinira (Spronl) Cottle, were also natives
of Maine and of English and Scotch-Irish an-
cestry, respectively. He is their youngest child,
and was reared and educated in the State of
Wisconsin. When he became of age he re-
moved to northwestern Iowa, and there em-
barkeil in the insurance business, in which ho
has hail such a successful career. He came to
Oregon in 1884, and finding a fine field for the
business, established himself, as stated aDove.
He is marrieil and has a family of three chil-
dren. He owns a delightful home in Salem,
where he is surrounded with all the comforts
suggested by the civilization of the present cen-
tury. He has invested in yjroperty in this city
and has become prominently identified with her
commercial interests. He is member of the I.
O. O. F., and in jiolitical circles is recognized
as a leading Rej)ublican, having been a mend)or
of the State Committee. He is the president
of the JSoard of Trade of Salem, the Capital city
of Oregon; is also president of the Marion
County Horticultural Society, is a director of
the Salem Canning Company, also of the Salem
Motor Railway ('om|)any. (Electric.) His
pleasing, straightforward manner has won him
hosts of friends in the business, as well as
social world.

AMES G. CRAWFORD, photographic art-
ist, Albany, Oregon, was born in Hancock
county, Illinois, in 1850.
His father. Dr. G. F. Crav.'ford, was a native
of (irayson county, Virginia, was born January
1, 1818, His ancestors were {^inong the landed

ttrsTOur OF onh:iio.K'.

1-i1

nobility of tlic Old Doiiiinion, niul wen; larj^dy
interested in Btock-raisiiijr, linviiifj; snttk'<l there
before the Hevolutiotmry war. Dr. (Iriiwford
iHisstMl bisyoiitii and received liin edncaticin in
Virj;inia, and in 1841 removed to ^lonnioiitl],
Warren county, Illinois, where he began teiieii-
ing, and at the same time studying medicine
iiniler the preceptorshij) of Dr. James (iilniore.
He practiced medicine with that phy.sician one
year, beginning in 1844. In 184() he settled
at La Uarpe, llancock county, wiierc lie con-
ducted a general practice until the spring of
1852. In 1845 he had iTiari'ied Dr. Gilniore's
daughter Miss Mary Kllen, ami in the spring of
1852 he started with hi* wife and two children
for Oregon. His outfit consisted of two wagons,
six yoke of o.xen, aTid live yoke of cows. Emi-
gration was large that year, and the Indians
gave them little trouble. Continuing by the
usual Oregon trail and crossing the Cascade
mountains by the Harlow route, they landed at
Foster's late in September, 1852. Dr. Craw-
ford proceeded from there to Albany Prairie,
and located on 320 acres of land, five miles
west of Lebanon. There he commenced fann-
ing and continued to reside until 1873, when
he bought property on the corner of Fifth and
Ellsworth streets (_wliere he now resides), and
moved to town to educate his children. lie
conducted liis fanning operations, however,
until 1885, when he retired and his sons took
charge of the farm. Dr. and Mrs. Crawford
have live children, viz.: (-leorgiana, wife of T.
L. Dagger, proprietor of the Scio Press; James
G,, whose name heads thisarticle; William \V.,
Orville, and Helen. The Doctor has served two
terms in the State Ley;islatnre. In 1873 he
was an important factor in organizing the Al-
bany Farmers' Company, and is still a member
of its Board of Directors.

James G, has only a brief recollection of
crossing the plains. His early education wag
obtained in the district schools, and was supple-
mented by a three years' course at the Lebanon
Academy. In 18(58 he began learning the art
of photography, in the gallery of A. 15. Pax-
tou, of Albany, and was with him and his success-
or, J. A. Winter, seven months. He then went
to Eugene, and opened a gallery, which in 1809,
he removed to Lebanon. In the spring of
1870 he went to Portland, and in the gallery of
Joseph Puchtel, one of the pioneer photographers
of the State, was employed until the fall of
1871. From that time until 1883 he conducted

a gallery in Harrisburg. In order to get the
benefit of lU'W ideas, and to further perfect
himself in his chosen art, he went to Portland,
and was empi.iyfd in the gallery of I. (i.
Davidson until 1S85. lleturning to Albany,
that year, in partnershi]) with his brother Or-
ville, he ]iurchased the gallery of A. P.. Pa\ton,
and uiiiler the firm name of Crawford Prothers
did business until May. 1S88, when he purchased
his lii'otlier's interest. His present |)artnership
was foi-med in 1881). The firm does an exten-
sive and general business, making a specialty
of Oregon views, and liavinji ajfencies in Port-
land and San Francisco.

Mr. ('rawfonl was married, in Lebanon, in
1871, to Miss Clara McDonald, daughter of
J. N. McDonald, a pioneer of 1852. They
have had seven children, six of whom are
living, viz.: Carey, Lillian, I'ert, Harry, Jer-
ald and Hazle. Air. Crawford has just com-
pleted a pleasant home on the corner of Oak
and Willamette streets, where he resides with
his family.

tEANDEIl L. WILLIAMS, of Uillsboro,
Oregon, came to the Territory in 1854.
He is a native of Ashtabula county. Ohio,
born November 13, 1834. His father, Lyman
Williams, was born in New York, in 1812.
The family originated in Scotland, but came to
America previous to the Revolution, and grand-
father Penjamin Williams fought in the war of
the Revolution, and was in the army after the
war ended, and then settled in Cayuga county
and raised a family of fourteen children. He
was a Universalist. His son married Nancy
Thomas, of Pennsylvania, daughter of Asa
Thomas. They were of German extraction.
They had seven children, of whom three are
living. Mr. Williams was the eldest child, and
resided on a farm until his fourth year, and then
went to Elgin, Illinois. He received a common-
school education and learned the trade of a car-
penter. In his twentieth year he crossed the
plains to Oregon, and arrived there on Septem-
ber 3, 1854, at Vancouver, with 25 cents in his
pocket. He obtained work at on",e, and by
spring went to Portland, where he worked until
1869. Water street was then the principal
street, and the many buildings that he helped
to build have been replaced with massive brick

788

lIlS'l'OliY OF IIUKdON.

■m

1, A ■■ ; -1

iiliH'ks. IIo next Wfiit to a fnrin in I'owi'll's
viilloy, iiiid rt'HitIwi on liis niotlier's fiirni tor ii
yc'iir anil ii Imlf. tlieii went to llillnlxiro.

lie iiiai-rii'il Miiiy JStewiirt. in lSti3. Siii' wiih
till' iliin<.'litiT lit AlexiindiT Sti wiirt, u pionfer
of ( hcj^on. They liiiil two iliiiigiittTti. horn in
Piiitliitul: HlizHl)i'tii, now Mrs. Henry ('. Iamsit;
Hnd Kiln. MOW Mrs. .loscj)!! I'aily. Mrs. Wil-
linnisiliiMJ in IK72. Two ^l'wh later In- inarri(!(i
Mrs. Jaru! (^nirk, ilie daiif^htfr of Michael
Moori'. one of tlie earliest settlers of llillshoro,
wlierc she was liorn. They have three children;
Minnie (!., now the wife of (Jeor^e \V. I'liil-
lips, of Siileni; Moim Aneta and (ihestiT I.ue.
Since ISCio Mr. Williams has heen an I. ().
(). K.. and has passed all the chairs in l)oth
hrrtiiclies. and is I'ast Grand of the order. In
1872, when the railroad was huilt to Ilillslioro.
he was made ajjent, and was also the tirst tele-
ijraph operator, and has heen the trnsted ai;ent
of Wells, Kargo & (Jo. for years. In .Inly,
1883, hi.' opened a f^rocerj' store, and is still
en<;»o;ed in it. lie is a niemher of the Meth-
odist Ohnreh, and has heen Treasurer, Steward
and a Trustee, lie is a liepnhlican in jKilitics,
and is an honorahlc huttiness man and hiirhlv
respected citiisen.

fONOUAHLE UKLM'.E.N I'. BOISE is one
of Oregon's most honored pioneers, lie
came to the State in 1850, and has heen
a |ironiiiient factor in shaping her destiny.

Jndge Hoiso was horn in Blandford, Hampden
county, Massachnsetts, on June 9, 1819. Hi;)
father, Ueuhen Hoise, was also a native of Mas-
sachusetts. The Hoise family emij^rated from
France to Scotland, and later to the imrth of Ire-
land, and Mr. lioisu's paternal great great-grand-
father emigrated to Massachusetts, locating on
a farm, which is still retained in the family, and
where Mr. Boise's father was raised aTid
lived all of his lite. He married Miss Sallie
Putnam, a relative of General Pntnam,
of Revolutionary fame, her father, Jacoh Put-
nam, having served as a colonel during the
whole of that struggle. Judge Boise's father
was a farmer, and a man of prominence, having
held several ofKces in his State, among which
were (bounty Commissioner, County Clerk; ho
also represented his district in the State Senate
of MassachusettB. He had eight children, four

sons and four daiight(>rs. Of this family, Jnilgc
Boise is the only surviving ineniher. The Judge
was raised on his father's farm, was sent to the
pnlilic schools and took a classical course in
Williams College, from which Imgradinited with
honor in 184,S. He then went West, to the State
of Missouri, where he was engaged in teaching
school two years, and returned h. his ruitive
State and read law with his uncle, Patrick
lioise, who was at that time a distinguished
lawyer of VVesttield, Massachnsetts. After three
years' study of the law he was admitted to the
bar in 1848, heginning the ])ractice of his pro-
fession at Chickopee Falls, where he renjaiiied
for two years, emigrating in the fall of 1850,
via the Isthmus, to Oregon. He landed at
Astoria, Oregon, and Ix'gan the practice of law
in I'ortlaiul in the sj)ring of 1851, which was
then a small place, with a few inhahitants, hnt
with plenty of 8hip|)ing and husiness. Ilis
piactice proved successful, and in the fall of
185"2 lie took up a section of land in Polk
county, hnilt a house, iinproveil the property and
resided on it for four years, and still owns it.
In 185;! the Territorial Legislature elected him
Proscnting Attorney of the First ami Second
Districts. This comprised all the country on
the west side of the Willamette river a!id nearly
all of the Willamette river, except Cdackamas
and Multnonuih counties. He served in this
capacity for aliout four years. In 1853 he, in
company with Hon .fames K. Kelly and Hon.
1). U. Itigelow, were elected Code Commission-
ers for Oregon, and ho thus hecame one of the
compilers of the first Code of Laws in book
form in the Territory, and in fact, the founder
of the present mode of pnictice. In 1854 he
was re-elected Prosecuting Attorney, and at the
same election was elected to represent Polk
county in the Territorial Legislature. Two
years afterward he was re-elected, and during
both terms took an active part in its delibera-
tions. In 1857 he was a liepresentative for
Polk county to the Constitutional Convention,
where he was chairman of the Committee on
Legislation, and prepared that portioti of the
Constitution relating to the legislative depart-
ment and otherwise materially assisteci in
furnishing Oregon with her fundamental laws.
In this same year, he was appointed by Presi-
dent Buchanan one of the supreme judges of
the Territory. The next year, after the admis-
sion of the State into the Union, he was elected
to that office, and, from 1862 to 1864 inclusive.

ei, ' .- ii B--l T'!H««ggrt

niSTOHY W OltKaON.

789

III

Itll

lie
iij^

iVf

•k
iimI
I'cc

was Oliief JiiHticc. Upon tliu oxpiriitiitii of his
term lie whs ii}^iiiii electeil for six years. In
1870 lie WHS iij^iiin clioseii liy tiie people to til!
that lioMoraMe position, lint lion. H. F. lion-
ham, hi.'* competitor, liiiving eoiiiineiiced an ac-
tion to (-ontest his seat on the lieiich, and not
ilusirinjj; to en^uf^o in long iiiid expensive litiga-
tion he resigned, and returned to the prac-
tice of his profession. In 1874 he was
elected liy the Legislature as one of the
capital linilding coinniissioners, which office
lie held niitil 187<), when he was again elected
to his old jiosition on the Supreme Hencli.
Two years later, the Legislature having divided
the- Supreme and Circuit judges into district
classes, he received the appointment as one of
the .1 luig^s of the Supreme Court. In 1880 ho
was elected Judj^e of the Third .ludicial Dis-
trict, which office ho has continuously held.

In 1851 Judge Boise was happily inarriei to
Miss Ellen F. Lyon, a native of Boston, and a
dautjhtor of Mr. Lemuel Lyon, a Boston mer-
chant. They had three sons, all horn in Ore-
gon: Henlien P., Whitney L. and Fisher A.
After fourteen years of happy married life.tho de-
voted wife and mother died. In 18*57 he was mar-
ried to iMiss Emily A. Pratt, a native of Webster,
Massachusetts, and a daughter of Mr. Ephraim
Pratt, a manufacturer of that State. They had
two daughters: Ellen S. and Marie E. The
former was lost liy a sad accident, and Maria
E. resides with her parents.

Judge Boise came to Salem to reside in 1857,
where he has since remained. He first pur-
chased a block of lots in the city, where the
Academy of the Sacred Heart now stands, where
he lived until 1865. In 1880 he purchased a
farm in Xorth Salem, where he now (1891) lives.
It is the property on which the first house in
Salem was built. The Judge has enlarged and
remodeled the house, and improved and culti-
vated the land until the property is much eii-
lianced in value. He has also added from time
to time to the acreage of his first ranch, until
he now has in one body 2,500 acres. Having
been raised on a farm he lias taken an interest
in agricultural affairs and has been a champion
of legislation in Oregon in behalf of farm in-
terests, and has five times been elected Master
of the State Grange, and has attended a number
of the meetings of the National Grange, held in
the different States. He has also zealously
aided the cause of learning, realizing by ex-
perience the benefit of a superior education.

He has twice been a member of the I'oa'-d nf
Trustees of the Pai;i(ic University at Forest
(trove, of the La (.'reoie Acudomy at Dallas
and of tllt^ Willamette University of Siileiii, in
the jirospority of all of wliicli he takes a ptTsoiuil
interest. Pacific University has conferred on
the ifiidgo the honorable (feuree of Doctor (jf
Laws.

Few, indeed, are the men who have led so
useful ami honorable a life, and seldom has it
been the lot of man to serve his country for
nearly forty years (■ontinuously without a single
tarnifh on his record, evincing a high order of
legal ability, and the very highest couscieiitious
regard for his duty. This, combined with an
excellent judgment and an indomitable inde-
pendence of character, have made him the emi-
nently successful jurist he has been. Heliase.x-
liiliited this sumo iiidiipundciu'u of character and
adherence to his sen>e of duty in jiolitics. He
began his pijlltica! career as a Democrat, with
wliicli party Ik; atfiliated until the time of the
great civil war, when his loyality to the (Tovern-
ment placed him on the side of the Union and
in the ranks of the liepublicaii party. He hold
patriotic meetings all over Oregon, at which he
delivered telling speeches, and did much toward
guiding public opinion against secession and
saving his State to the Union. For this every
right-minded citizen feels grateful to liim, but
he experiences his greatest satisfaction from
having done that which he considered his duty.
Viewed as a neighbor and a friend, Judge Boise
is kindly and genuine; asacirizon he is modest,
unassuming and easy of approach. He is a model
Oregonian, and as such is regarded by his fellow-
citizens.

jEUBEN P. BOISE, Jr., a native son of
the city of Salem, is one of her most prom-
ising young men. He was born October
1(5, 1859, and is a son of Reuben P. Boise, one
of the worthy pioneers of the State, whose his-
tory will be found on another page of this vol-
ume. He was educated at Willamette University,
and began his business career as a news-
paper man; he was reporter for the Salem
"Statesman" from 1879 until 1882, when he
went to the sound, where he accepted a posi-
tion with Hansen & Company, wholesale mer-
chants and dealers in lumber; he had charge of

^40

iifsTony Oh' iiHKnok.

;i:

pi ,1/

it;;

tlioir colloctioiig for two yt'iirit, iit'tor wliidi lio
wont til Aliiskn. IJctiiiMiii;; from \\\U trip lie
W!i« witli tlie simiu liriri lor it tiiiii', ami tlicii
worki'il on tlio 'riu'Diiiii "Daily Nt-WH,*' us city
uilitor.

I)iii-iti{5 his I'oiiiicctioii witli tlie ^'Ncws" an
uccurain'c took pliice timf came neiir ri'snltiiii^
in !iis lifiitii: 'riiL'i'u liiiil lii'cn ironsidcralile wtril'i!
imd ill I't'i'liiiii; lietwetm the 'raconiu ati.l Seattle
liaper.f. ami a liitter iiews|p.iiier war was liuiiii^
wao;u(l, in wliieli II. i). Ilareonrt, one of tlie
eilitois of the Taeoina '-haily News," ami S.
W. Wall of the Seattle -roht Ihtellifjeneo" took
a part; the latter came into the olHee of tho
Taconia "Dailv News," ami shot Mr. Ilarcourt,
the hall sirikinir the steulliiieil pendant of his
neektie, ami ohoiceil otf; he was alteiiiptini^' to
fire a s-ceciml shot when Mr. Uoise spranj; for-
wani, ami ean^fht the pistol, whieii was ilis-
char^eil, the eoiitents entering his hand; he had
an iioly wound ainl still carries the sear, which
is an ever-present nicnientu of his newspaper
exjieriences, as well as of the coiiraj^e and
])riiinptness which he displayed in saving the
life of his friend; he and Mr. Ilareonrt sue
eeeded in overconiinj; the woiild-he murderer,
and the sti'ilV' was thus ended.

After ahout five years spent in Taconia, Afr.
I'oise returned t(; Salem, and heeanie one of the
founders of the AV^illaniettc Investment (!oiii-
pany, doing a loan, fire insurance and real-estate
l)U8im'Ss; he has jiiirchased ditl'erent pieces of
farm property wiiiidi he has improved, and then
placeii U|ion the market; he i> also the owner
of valuahle town pro|)ertv. He is a reliahle,
eapalile Imsiness man, and enjoys the fullest
conli<lence"of commercial circles.

Mr. I'oiso was united in marriage in 1S91, to
Miss Minnie Louise I'reyman, also a native of
Salem, ami a daughter of a prominent hanker
of the place. He is a memlier of the Masonic
fraternity, an<l has lilled several important
otHces in the lod''e.

f^AMI'KI/r. RICHARDSON isa native of
I, inn county, Ore^'on, horn July 8, 1857.
His fiither, Louis (). liichardson, was a
native of Creene county, Illinois, where his an-
cestors had settled at an early date as |)ioneer8
of the country and were actively couiiceted with
the early Indian wars. He followed farming

ill Illinois until lS4fS, when with ux toains he
crossed the plains and mountains to ( >regon
and located iu Linn county. In 1818 he was a
niomlier of the conijiany of Captain William
Martin, and fought throu;,'li the (^ayuse war,
later going to the mines in California. He was
enjia^ed in several liattles with the Klamath
Indians and liecame ijnite famous as an Indian
lighter. His mining e.xperienee was sluM't and
unsucce.-sfiil and in 1801 he returmvl to Ore-
gon anil continued farming.

He was married in Marion county, in ISoS,
to Miss Eliza A. Whitley, native of (ireene
county, Illinois, one of the first school teachers
ofOiegim. Mr. Richardson followed the i|iiiet
life of the farm, iinac.tive in politics, hut devot-
ing much time to the advancement of tlu^ Chris-
tian ('hurcli, in which he was very active, and in
which he also preached. His wife died in iStitS,
and he hiUowed her two year.- later, leaving two
children: Mary L., now Mrs. Henry Siielton of
Linn county: ami Samuel T. His early life was
[lassed upon the farm, and heing <listant from
school, he was not permitted school jirivileges
until he was tdeveii years old, and then only at
intervals, as after the death of his father, work
hecame the essential feature of his life, and
sidiool fiicilities wert' imjiroved as opportunities
offered. With great perseverance he worked
and studied until 18 iM, ivhen he commenced a
classical course in tin M illami^tte I'niversity
and finished the junior vjar in 187C. He then
took up meilicine iii.i!./' Dr. I'allard of l.ehanon,
(!ontiiiuing it at i>iiy;on. Washington Territory,
and in 1878 at I'rineville, Wasco county, Ore-
gon, where he was invited to take the position
as principal to teach the district Kdiool, which
had hecome rehellious and which had a daily
attendance of lot) jiupils in three rooms and re-
([iiiring three teachers. Quickly appreciating
the situation and heing possessed of determined
and fearless characterislies. he acce|)ted the po-
sition of principal teacdier. The hoys assemhled,
many, years older then himself, and with pis-
tol and knives. .Mr. Richardson gathered an
armful of Juniper limhs, ami hefore recess of
the first day the entire school was under the
suhjection of the teaclier, and for three years he
taught witlio\it further trouhle. lieiiig so gtiod
a teacher, his fearless eharactcristics were deemed
salutary in the court of justice of the peace and
he was soon elected to till that office, and after
two years of fervicc Judge L. L. McArther, now
of I'ortland, then sitting as Circuit J-iidge, called

j^anapattfcMiMjtog

mlK. i l i Lm ii i ii .i iil*

IllHTOUY O/' tillHUON.

t41

iitttiiitioii to Iii8 reconlH iiml niliiij^H itiid Hiii<l
tliiit lio \vii8 \.\w. Iii'st .lii>tict' ill till! coiiiily. Ill
18S2 Wiirtco was divided t'oniiiiii; Oniok cuiiiity,
iiiid iimkiii;^ I'rintiville tliu county wont, mid Mr.
Iticlmi'dHoii Willi lit ont'c Hiiggusteil iw County
('lei'rt, to wliicli III! wiw elected with little knowl-
edge of law. Knowing; liin \veiikiiesn in lliiit
direction he ,it once tiinicil ids iitteiitioii to tlmt
study and liy cluAe iipplicatioii, lie waH round
ready in every eiiierj^ency. Without practical
knowledge lie started i.ls recordrt iiiid hisenlricH
are Ktill considered sound law, and tliiiM was es-
tuhlislu'd as precedents and are still ohserved upon
all sulijccts which ho made entries. His record
as teacher, Justice ami County (Jlerk are fltill
consiilcred examples worthy of imitation. Coii-
tiniiiiif; as (bounty ('li!rk iiiui! \HH\. he then
came to Salem and he^aii a •general law practice.

In j,'eiieral session of I.eii;islature of ISHo lit!
was appointed law expert to examine into the
inuna^ement of swamp land of thelState of Ore-
gon. In special session of 1885 and general
session of 1887, he niiide examination of the law
pertaining to wagon-road lands and was instru-
mental in gt'ttinj^ suits entered to iiujiiire into
the viiliility of Be\eral wagon-road laud grants,
which suits art! lunv jicnding in the I'liited States
Courts. He has also followed a general prai!-
tico, making sjiec^ialties of land titles, con-
tracts and corporation law. He has served one
form as Deputy Clerk of the Supreme Court and
in .lannary, ISSJO, was elected City Attorney of
Salem. During his term of office the matter of
street pavement has been decided ii])oii, and he
has had several contests over the right id' street
and steam railroad tracks, pertaining to city
franchises. He has the reputation of handling
corporations without gloves, and has heen very
successful in his practice.

He was married in Wasco county, Noveiulior
13, 18T'J, to Miss Sarah f. Barnes, and to the
union has heen in hied four children: William H..
Louis (!., Whitley and (ileii. Mr. Richardson
is a meniher of 1. ( ). (). F. aiul A. O. U. W.
He has tilled many positions of honor and public
trust with integrity and ability.

'l-E^» < l'- -* )f=f 4'

ill. N. B L AC Iv B IT 11 N, Judge of Linn
county, Oregon, and a legal practitioner
of Albany, was born in Jeiferson county,
Tennessee, in 1845. His ancestors came from
Scotland and settled in Tennessee prior to the

Uevidntioniiry war. Teiiiiessce at tlmt time be-
ing a part of .North Carolina. Hi.- |iaiciits, Dr.
\. and Klizabcth C. iNclsoni I'lackburn, were
'latives of Tennessee. The former, a prominent
physician of Jell'erson i^ountVi that State, died
ill 18()('(, at the ag(! of sixty-tive years, and tlie
hitler ilied in 1857.

Tilt! siiliji'ct of our sketch rcceivetl his early
education in the common schools of his native
county and was attending ilolston Colli'gc at
New Market. Tennessee, when, in l8()i. the
war coming on, tliii college was broken up. He
remained at home until 18(i!J. At that time,
lieing fused with the 6|)irit of loyalty to the
rnioii cause, young I'lackburn startetl for the
Federal army in Kentucky, but was ca|ituretl
and rctiirneil. His secontl attempt, however, to
re.icli Camp Xelson, Kentucky, was successful,
although it was accomplished iintler lire. He
became a member of the Ninth Tennessee (!av-
nlry, under Colonel .foe I'arsons, enlisting as a
private anti subsei|uently being promoted to
Adjutant of the regiment. He ])assed through
the sieges of Kiiowille and (himberlaiid (iap,
anil resigned from service in 18t)l. Ketiirning
to his home, he opened a general merchandise
store at New Market, which he conducted two
years.

Judge Blackburn was niarrietl in New
Market, in 180(). to Mies Francis A. i".:ii8t, a
iiativt! of Tennessee. That same year he entereti
the law otHce of Attorney-(Teneral James AI.
Meek, anil under his instructions pursued the
study of law, being atlinitted to the bar in 18t)7.
lit! then coinmenced practice at Dandridge,
Jefferson county, where he was siibseijneiitly
electetl Clerk and Ma>ter of Chancery Court.
In 1809 he was ai)|!oiiitet] Register in Bank-
ruptcy and served as such until December 1870,
when he was apjiointed Clerk and Master of the
Chancery Court, which position he held until
September 15, 1874, when he left Tennessee for
( )regon.

Arrived in Oregon, the subject of our sketch
first took up his aboile at Eugene, and slter a
few montli.s removed to Brownsville, where ho
practiced law until 1878. That year he came
to Albany, and has since conducted a general
practice. In June, 1888, he was the nominee
of the Republican party for Judge of Linn
county, and was the only candidate of tl;<.t party
which was elected, the county being strongly
Democratic. Ho serveil his full term of four
years with lienor anj distinction.

743

niHTORY OF OREGON.

Tlie Judge is connected with varioiia fra-
ternal organizations, bein^r a ineinoer of the
bine lodge and chapter, F. & A. M.; I. <). ().
¥.: A. «•). U. VV.; and Mcl'herson Post, No. 5,
G. A. R. He is one of the original stockholders
of Albany Electric Light, Power & Telephone
Company, and of the Albany Building & I^oan
Association, and among the honored members
of the legal profession in Linn county he occu-
pies a prominent position.

lie and iiis ec-timable companion have two
children, Archibnld W. and James W.

;ILLIAM M. DAVIDSOX, one of the
prominent fanners of I'olk county, Ore-
gon, living near Bnena Vista, coming
t:i Oregon in 1852, and a resident on his father's
donation claim, is the subject of this i-i^etch.
Mr. Davidson was born near Muninouth. War-
ren county, lilinois, March 2, 1837. He is of
Scotch ancestry, his father. Carter T. Davidson,
was born in Kentucky, in 1802, and married
Miss Eli>;abetii Shirley, a native of Kentucky
also. They reared a family of nine children
jiiid removed to Illinois in 1880, where thjy
lived until 1852. At that date Carter David-
son took his family aniJ started on the long and
dangerous journey to the fine lands near the
Pacific. The trip was made with o.\ teams, and
his wife and five children accompanied him.
These children were: Margaret, now Mrs. D.
W. Allingliam, who now resides in eastern
Oregon; William M., our subject; Martha, now
Mrs. Jesse L^ Stump, who resides in Salem; I.
N , resides in (/orvallis; Emma, who is the wife
of J;vme^' Washburn, and resides in Hrownsville.
The eldest daughter of the family, Anninda,
came to Oregon with her iirundfather in 1850,
and is now the wife of W. J. Lindville, and re-
sides in San l>ernardino county, California.
Mr. Davidson's family started on the journey
across the plains April 15, 1852, and arrived at
their donation claim, located two miles south-
west of Uuena Vista, September 15, 1852. This
tract of land wa» a very choice one, and the lauii
had been purchased of Theodore I'rather, and
here they began their pioneer life in a small log
house. Mr. Davidson was a man of indusuy
and intelligence, and he rapidly improved the
property, j)lanted the large orchard and pros-
pered.

Mr. Davidson took an interest in public
affairs and was twice elected to the oflRce of
County Commissioner and was also the first
Postmaster in that part of the county, and the
office wi«s then called Bloomington. In every
way he was a good citizen and his tleath occurred
in 1881. His wife survived him until 1883
and died in her eighty. fourth year. She had l)een
a faithful wife and good mother, and was to him
a true helpmate in every sense of the word.
Mr. Davidson had added to his land and so di-
vided his real estate between his two sons that
William M. inherited 273 acres, on which was
the homestead and the large orchard. The di-
vision of the property was an amicable affair
and was by the consent of the whole family.

William Davidson was (ifteen years of age
when he came to Oregon, and notwithstanding
his youth be drove one of the teams of five yoke
of oxen to one of the wagons. After the ar-
rival ()f the family in Oregon our subject was
sent to school, and this was the first school
taught in Monmouth, and was taught by J. W.
Cowles, now one of the most honored citizens
of Vam Hill county. Our subject resided witli
his father on the farm anil helped tc» improve it
until 1873. At that date he married Miss
Martha V. Moili, a native of Missouri, and a
daughter of Jacob Modi. They came to Oregon
at the same time as did the family of Mr. Dav-
idson, and settled on a donation claim in Benton
county, where they still reside.

Mr. and Mrs. Davidson have had but one
daughter, Inez, now in her eighteenth year, re-
siding with her parents in the ])leasant home
where she was born. Her father is a member
of the I. O. O. F., and of the (irange, it Buena
Vista. He is in politics a Uepublican, and
while he gives his attention to the farm he is
much interested in public affairs. The farm of
our subject is rich and productive and he makes
a specialty of raising fine horses and keeps a
fine specimen of tlie <lraft-stock. The hop
business has interested him also, and now he
devotes some of his land to this.

Mr. Davidson is a very respectable and re-
spected citizen and has tlie esteem of a wide
circle of friends. The personal appearance of
our subject is very fine, being a man weighing
some 225 pounds, and is a line representative of
the Oregon pioneer. The present home is built
around the small home they had when they first
came to Oregon, and Mr. Davidson tells this
reminiscence;

>(■:'! i

il'fei'ii

HISTORY OF OHEOON.

748

He t-ays the little house was once used for a
penitentiary under the following circurnstances:
A murder had l)een committed and the mur-
derer's brother, Iliram Evennan. I'urnished his
brother with a saddle-horse and aided him to
escape from justice. Hiram was tried and con-
victed of this and was sentenced to imprison-
ment for five years at hard labor, and tiiere
beinf^ no penitentiary it was decided to sell his
services for five years to the highest bidder.
Mr. Pratlier, the former owner of the house bid
!j!5()0, and tiiat being the higliest bid the
criminal was awarded him, and with him he
serveu out his sentence, so that a part of what
is now the pleasant Davidson liome was once
used as tlie Territorial penitentiary of Oregon.

S. TRAIX, of the firm of Train & Whit-
ney, editors and proprietors of the Al-
r» bany Herald and Herald-Dissemimito) , iu
Albany. Oregon, was born in Essex county.
New Vork, ^ngust (5, 1841, and was taken by
liis parents to Stephenson county, Illinois, in
ISo'i, in their emigration to that State. As he
grew up, he was employed on the farm, at the
carpenters' tratle with hi< fatlier, and in a print-
in;; office. In 18(51.-'R3 he served in the
Mincty-second Illinois V'jlunteer Infantry, in
the f>;reat civil war. In 1862 -'()5, he was en-
gaged at newspaper work in Wisconsin. From
1807 to 1882, he ta'ight school in Illinois, in
Nebraska, Kansas an i Oregon.

He was married in 18fl0, in Wisconsin, to
Mary J. Ricks.

After his arr'ival in this State, he started, iii
1882, the Disseminator, at Harrit-burg, FJnn
county, and in 1884: he admitted into partner-
ship with him J. II. Whitney, a native of
Marion county, Oregon, born May 1, 18(50, who
removed with his parents to Eugene, Lane
county. Ho graduateil at the State University
in 1884. Together they purclnised the Albany
Herald, November 1, that year, and joine(i the
two pajKirs Miontioiied as the Herald-Dissemin-
ator, at the same time removing to Albany,
wiiere it is now established in the Foster 131ock
oti First street.

The Albany Herald was started as \ Republi-
can paper, in 1880, by Pottinger, Harnes &
Steele. The present proprietors have con-
tinued it as such. In December, 1885, they

commenced the issue of the Morning Herald,
the tirst permanent daily paper in Albany, and
it has steadily grown in business and influence,
and ranks with the leading papers of the State,
as any one would expect, who is acquainted with
the character of its proprietois.

fREDERlC GEOR(iE YOUNG, the pop-
ul.ir and efficient principal of the Portland
High School, is a native of Dodge county,
Wisconsin, where he was born June 3, 1858.
His father, Quirin Young, was a native of Sax-
ony, Germany, who came to the United States
in 1845, locating on a farm near Burlington,
Wisconsin. In Germany he followed the pur-
suit of a weaver. He married Miss Sophia
Herrmann, and they had ten children, seven of
whom aie now living. In 1*^58 the beloved
father died, universally lamented, liecause of
hi* many sterling qualities of mind and heart.
The venerated motlier still survives. The an-
cestors on both sides of the family were (ier-
man Lutherans, of the middle class.

The subject of our sketch was the seventh
child, and was reared on the home farm in his
native county, attending the country school.
Later he was sent to the State Normal Sci '^ol at
Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where he took the advanced
course.

He then taught for five years as principal of
grailed schools in Wisconsin, after which he
attended the Johns Hopkins University, in
Haltimore, Maryland. Here he took the de-
gree of B. A., a. d did a year and a half gradu-
ate work in the department of history and
political science.

At tliis time he was elected vice-principal
of the tMate Normal School, in South Dakota,
and while holding that position, he was elected,
in January, 1890, to his present position of
Principal of the Portland High School.

He was married in 1887, to Miss Mary L.
Packard, u native of Manitowoc, Wisconsin,
where she was an estimable teacher. They
have a daughter, Frances Packard, and a son,
Frederic Harold.

Mr. Young is Independent in politics. He
was honored by his cmstituents in Dakota by
being elected, in 1887, a tuember of the State
Constitutional Convention of South Dakota,
and was also elected an Alderman of the city of
Mmlison, South Dakota.

iii

144

IIlSTOHY liF OHEdoS'.

l-t

In Portland he is giving liis entire uttention
to school work, being thoronghly iTiformed on
all that pertains to edncational to|)ii's, an excel-
lent teacher, a good discinlinarian, and an en-
thusiast in his work. I'lese (jiialities have
secured for liiui tlie appreciation of the local
teachers, as well as that of the best educators of
the State at large, by all of whom he is rightly
creilited with being one of the most jjrogressive
and thoroUL'h educators of the Northwest.

^^H-^

IlLLIAM (t. WALLA(JE. of Portland,
Oregon, has become distinguished as an
originator and extensive producer of
choice roses and ornamental and tropical jilants.
It is interesting to know something of his his-
tory. .Mr. Wallace is a native of the High-
lands, Scotland, born May 1, 184-t. He is a
direct descendant on both sides of the fainilv
of two (if the most noted Highland chieftains,
his mother's grandfather being Donald Dutf
McDonald, and his father's ancestor being the
great William Wallace, celebrated in son<j and
story. Mr. Wallace's father was a railroad and
civil engineer, lie married Miss I'. McDonald,
of (ilencoe. ' had twelve children, of

whom si'- xi'O !ivi ig the subject of our sketch
being. iMid <,i ' i. He was raised in IJeii
t'ordsliire, Myithiu', until his tenth year, wht^n
he went to sl; .all his uncle. Captain McDon-
ald. They sailed from Glasgow to Chitui and
Australia. After his voyage he engaged in the
business oftlorist and landscape gardening. He
was engaged for five years on the tine gronmls
of the Duke of Sutherland, Ti'intoin Hall, Stat-
fonlshire, England, and at that time it was con-
ceded tiiat the Duke had the finest grounds in
the world. Aftei' this he was employed on the
grounds of Lord Sligr) in Ireland, as his land
steward. In 18(5-1: he came over to New York
andeidisted in the army. At the close of the
Wiir he was honorably iliscliarged, atul returned
to his work in l'hiladel])liiu, and continued the
business in I'altimore and (Jhio. He was well
known in Ohio as a collector of numismatics,
as Well as a horticulturist. He had one of the
finest |)i'ivate collecti(uis of old coins and ine(lals
west of I'hiladelphiii, numbering more than
10,000 specimens. He has also the honor of
glowing the largest bunch of grajtes on record,
wiiicli was sent to General Grunt for Thanks-

! giving dinner in 1S71. The biiiudi measured
I five and one-half feet iti circumference. From
: < )hio he went to Menlo Park, California, to
take charge (>f and improve the grounds of Mrs.
Mark Hojikins. XiUw this he traveled through
I'ritish Columbia seeking a location in wliieh
j to establish his business, and finally (*e(U(led
upon Portland, ( >regon. Here he established
j himself and soon built up a large busiiuss. lie
has six large greeidiou.ses, heated by tivc fur-
naces, occupying two acres of grouni' in the
city. At Mt. Moriali, a mile and a hi If out-
side of the city, he has twenty acres of groutid,
on which he is now erecting hothouses and
other improvements, as lie intends makintr it
his future home. He does a large business in
cut roses, sending them all over the .N'orthwest.
He has a fancy for pets, and is also l)reeding a
few fine horses, in which betakes much jiride.
In 18()3 he was married to Miss Jane Kich-
ings, of liatb, England. They have four chil-
dren: Thomas I']clward, McKee Hright, Maude
C.,and Romeo A. .Mr, Wallace was a member
of Akron Commandery for twenty years, and is
also a K. of P. and inember of the I?. P. O. E.
He is a Uepnblican in politics. He takes |u-ide
in his Scotch ancestry, and exhibits his clan suit
with pleasure. He is a good specimen of the
foreign-born and' a thoroughly loyal citizen of
the United States.

flllLO HOLHUOOK, an intelligent and
progressive citizen of Oregon's beautiful
metropolis, and a widely known and pop-
ular jjublic man, was born in Seymour, New
Haven contity. (Connecticut, in July. 1840.
His parents. Captain Pliilo an<l Emily (Tomlin-
son) Holbrook, were natives of (Joni>ecficut and
Vermont, respectively, and wore descended from
Puritan ancestors. Captain Holbrook was a
seat'aring man, which vocation he followed for
twenty years, sailing iti the intcr<!st of trade to
the West Indies an<l making frequent whaling
expeditions to the .Northern I'acitic Ocean.

The subject of this sketch had not inr.;iy
early cducatiomil privileges, as he cominei'', -d
to gain his own support at the age of tw. ive
years, since which lim(! he has alwa\s pnnided
for himself, thus early serving an apprentice-
ship in the school of experience, which has, no
doubt, contributed greatly to his present eini-

nisroHY uF oiiEnoN.

745

neiit success. His first work was li^ht duties
on the fnrin duriiii^ the siinimei', tlie three win-
ter iiiontlis bein<i improved hy attendin<^ scliooi,
with frequent visits to his home, wiiich he al-
ways considered his heachjuarters. In 1858, at
the ai^e of eijrhteen, he started out in life in
earnest by goinjf to sea before tiie mast, sail-
iiijf in the coasting; trade. The followiTiii year,
he started fur California via tlie Panama route,
hiudinii; in San Francisco, on Septeiniier 15,
whence he came in December of the same year,
to Porthuid, Orefjon, arriving in the new coun-
try without either money or friends. lie at
once commenced to labor, being employed in
various capacities, until 18*il, when tlie mining
excitement broke out in Idaho. He immedi-
ately started for that country, covering the dis-
tance on foot and packing bis blankc^ts. Ar-
rived at the mines he worked in them for a
year, meeting with varied success. At the end
of this time he entered the employ of the
Oregon Steamship Navigation (Company, and
for ten years was employed In different capaci-
ties on steamboats, plying the Upper Columbia
ard Snake rivers.

!n 1872 he returned to Portland, where, in
.■September of that year, he was married to Miss
.u'Tinah Wilson, ai\ intelligent and amiable
V>'y, and a daughter of Samuel Wilson, an lion-
oiv'd pioneer of the early 'oOs. Thus captured
at hist, after his many years of freedom, Mr.
J' iorook puri'hased, with his accumulated sav-
ings, a small farm of choice agricultural land,
pleasantly situated on the Willamette slough,
incn;asing his possessions from time to time as
opportunity offered, until he acquired several
hundred acres, when he engaged extensively in
farming and stock-raising. He followed this
business successfully until 1881, when he re-
nutved with his family to I'Drtland, where he
has since resided, and has continue<l to follow
the real-estate business, buying, selling, and
improving farm and city property. His wide
itiid varied e.\|)erience has been cif great benefit
to him in bis latter vocation, and tew men are
bettor ncipiainted with land values, or more
successful in the improvement and disposal of
property than ^fr. Holbrook.

lie and his worthy wife have five childi'en:
Philo, Jr., Millard (J., Emily, Samuel, and Nellie.

Although not a politician in the modern ac-
ceptation of the term, Mr. Holbrook takes an
HCtive interest in public afliiirs of impcu'tauce,
and has been honored by bis constituents with

official positions, which trust he has fulfilled
with ability and to the entire satisfaction of all
concerned. In 1878 he was elected County
Conmiissioner, in which cajiacity he served for
two years, with credit to himself and friends.

In June, 1892, he was re-elected to this p(jsi-
tion for a term of four years, receiving the vote
of a largely increased majority. This indorse-
nu'ut of So many of his fellow-citizens is not
only pleasing but valuable as evidencing his
suitability for the ofKce and liis popularity as a
man.

Socially, lie affiliates with the F. & A. M.
and A. O. V,. W., taking an active and promi-
nent part in their affairs.

His life would serve as an excellent incentive
to all poor, young men, as evidencing what in-
telligence and perserverance can accomplish, un-
aided by any outside influence. It might be
urged that all are not etjually gifted witli these
necessary adjuncts of a successful career, wliich,
though true, does not deter any and every one
from doing their best, let the consequenccR bo
great or small.

foRDON E. HAYES, an eminent jurist of
Oregon City, was born in Clackamas
county, Oregon, Marc'i 27, 1859. His
father, Henry E. Hayes, is one of the most
widely and favorably known men of the North-
west, to which he came in an early day. In
the winter of 18-i8-'-l!3, being lured by the gold
excitement of that day, he bought an interest in
the Fremont Mining and Trading (^ompany,
and in March, 1841), at the age of seventeen,
sailed from New York, by way of l!ape Horn,
for California, and arrived in the bay of San
Francisco, October 5. Proceeding to the
American river, he followed mining during the
ensuing winter, and met witli fair success. He
afterward returiuid to the East, where he mar-
ried Mis.-i Sarah \,. Woodward, and together,
they crossed the plains to Oregon, in 185(J, tak-
ing ui) a donation claim in C'lackamas county.
Their claim was located six miles west of Ore-
gon City, and was their residence for a number
)f yeai's. lie industriously cultivated and im-
proved it, until he made of it one of the most
valuidile farms in the county. Later, he was
engaged in steamboating. ami became a cap-
tain. He afterward followed mercantile pur-

746

HISTORY OF onHOON.

r-fi

suits ill i-ftitprii Oregon. IIu liiii* figured protii-
inently in tlie atTiiirs of tlie comity hikI State
for yeiirs, ami was, at oru" time, Lecturer of the
StatR (iraiii^c, ol wliicii society lie was Master
tor six years.

Mr. and Mrs. Hayes liad tour cliildreii, tliree
of whom are now living: Amelia Is now Mrs.
C. .Mi!('ii, and residt^s in .Mount Talior, Oregon;
Harriet d'w.d in her sixth year; (Gordon K.,
is tiie snliject of our sketch; Alice, resides witli
her parents in Salem, the capital of the State,
where the father has creeled a pleasant lioiiie,
ami where, in retirement from rteti\e hiisiiiess,
lie spends his time in the society of his wife
and claiighter.

The snhjeet of tiiis sketch is the only son of
tli>' ''iiniily, and had all the advantages that com-
fortahle means and car'ifiil jiarents could he-
stow. IJis preliiiiiiiarv ediK'ation was recieived
at home, after which he attended the Pacific
University at I'dresr (irove. lie then read law
with Mendenliall & Stevens, and was admitted
to the har in 18S5. and comiiieiiced his practice
ill Oregon (Jity, the county seat of Clackaimis
county, in the vicinity of which he was horn
and reared.

lie was first a partner of L. T. Hariii, who is
now United States Marshal. This partnership
lasted h>v two years, since when he has prac-
ticed alone, and has a lucrative and constantly
increasing business. Ot natural ahility and le-
gal acumen, great energy and incontrovertihle
integrity of character, he has gained the coiiti-
deiice Riid esteem (d' the entire community. lie
has investeil largely in Oreg(jii City property,
and has hiiilt for himself and family a substan-
tial aii<l comfortalile home in a desirable loca-
tion, anil pleasant surroundings.

lie was married on May 20, 1SS5, tu Miss
Adaline Haker, an «.>stimalile lady, and a native
of his own county. T.'iey have one child, a
bright little daughter, Ilattie.

In \HHH Mr. Hayes was nominated by the
Democratic party fur District Attorney, which
huiior he declined on the gl'oun<l that hi' was
nut ill sympathy with the jiarty and diil not in
dorse the adiiiinistrution of I'resident Cleveland

Since then he has atliliated with the Uepiiiplican
party, by which, in IHlttJ, he was nominated for
State Senator, and although the honor was un-
sought by him, he rectdved seventy-two out of
110 votes. Yielding to the solicitude of his
friends, he consented to the use ot IiIh name,
and he was elected by a majority of ;{71 votes.

He makes an efficient officer, reflecting credit
on himselt and his constituency.

Socially, he is a member of the A. O. IJ. W.
and Knights of I'ythias. and unite<l with the
CrRiige in his twentieth year.

all sons of great fathers, Mr. Hayes'
in and career is somewhat eclipsed by
that ills illustrious predecessor. Still a close
observor will distinguish a marked similarity of
character, each possessing clear judgment, ora-
torical and intellectual atiility of a high order,
and e.xalted probity, whi(di ([ualities have con-
spired to secure for iHjth blio good-will of their
fellow men.

I^EKllV W. SI'IiN'K. a lumber dealer at
gF^ Albany, and one of the successful business
*^ men of the town, dates his arrival in Ore-
gon in 1H52.

Mr. Spink was born in Lowliam|iton. Wash-
ington county. New York, SeptemlMfr 24, 1^2U.
His father, lienjamin Spink, a descendant of
Scotidi- Irish ancestry, was also n native of
Washington county. His mother, l-ucy (Woodj
Spink, was born in Uutland, Vermont. His
mother died when he was four years oiri, anil
he remained with his father until he reached his
tenth year, when, the family being broken up,
I'erry was taken by Deacon Seth Peck, with
whom he remained live years, working on the
farm, and each year attending a short term of
district sc^liool. At the age of fifteen years he
began working for wages, receiving %\ per
month, the first season. He tolloweil farming
iinlll ISoO, by close economy, saving s^KIM) be-
side.'' paying for his schooling iiiid other neces-
sary expenses. In October, IHoO. he went to
KaiK! county, Illinois, joined his brother .Mon/.o,
and with him engageil in farming until the
spring "f 1852, when he decided to come to
< )regon. Il(! joined an emigrant Jiarty at
i'avaria, Illinois, and, by Jiaying I^Pio and
agreeing to drive a t<'ain across the plains,
secured transportation. They traveled with
horse teams, five months being consumed in
the journey to \\w Dalles, and from there going
to Portland and then to ( >regon City.

After reaching Oregon, Mr. Spink's first em-
plovment was cutting dord wood, at whi(di lie
earneil sjtTO. Then he went to the mines in
Jackeoii county, and prospected, but without

-<sssmMfm

J M J Hii lii

UlSTOKY OF ORBnON.

747

cliiirii 118 pay, tind tlie followiiifr fall sold it for
SjiBOO. lie tlit'M drove a pack train lietwcen

smrt'CPB. Next we find liirii in tlie Koi^iie river
valley, workinj^ for a man liy the name of
Uolierts, who ran away. Mr. Spink took his
pay, and
lie then
(Irescent City and Cottonwood, ('alifornia, and
in September , 1863, liegaii work for .Folin A.
(Vawford, paci:inf{ from Albany to Yreka. In
May, 1854, lie took cliargi; of a pack train for
Hyde & Ives, snrveyorK of Uo}/ne river valley,
the party nnmberinfr fifteen men, Biipplies lieini/
paeked from .laoksonville. In the sprint; of
1857 he came to Albany, bought a team and
began freighting between here and Portland.
A few inontliH later lie turned his attention to
farming, and was thus occupied until 1803,
wlien he atrain settled in Albany, and engaged
in trucking, and coiitiiuied this Inisincss twenty
years. He also established a wood yard and did
an extensive bnsines. His savings he invested
in a fartn of 3()8 acn-s, locateil two miles south
east of Ilarrisbnrg, wliich he still owns. In
1883 he sold his trucking outfit, but continued
to run his wood yard, and in 1887 started a
luml)er yard on the corner of Water and Ferry
streets, wliere be owns valuatile property. In
the fall of 188!» ho closed out the wooii busi-
ness, and has since given his whole attention to
lumber interests, carrying a stock of lumber,
lath and shingles.

Mr. Spink was married, June 11, 1857, to
Retiecca J. Rankin, wlio came to Oregon in
1852. They bad four children, only one of
whom is living. Ida Louisa, wife of A. C. Still-
maker. Mr. Spink was niarrie<l the second
time, Oecember 10. 1872, to Mit<H Mary E.
Armstrong, of Albany, Oregon.

He is a Uepublican, but not an active politi-
cian. As a businessman and citizen, he is held
in high esteem by all who know him.

JIMIIOI) 1'. I'AYNK, County Clerk of
Linn county, Oregon, was born near Dan-
ville, Vennilion county, Illinois, in 1843.
His parents, Martin and Mary (I'rice) I'ayne,
were natives of New York anu Virginia re-
spectively. In the spritigof 1851 they crossed
the |)lains from Illinois to Oregon, traveling
with ox teams, the train with which they jour-
neyed comprising about sixty wagons, and be-
ing under cjinmand of Captain David Frohinan.

After six rrMinths of tedious progress over plains
and rnountaine, crossing the Cascades by the
liarlow routt^ they landed safe in the Willam-
ette valley in September, 1851. Mr I'ayne
came direct to Linn county, and located on 320
acres, five miles southeast of Albany, and there
farmed for a number of years. He subsequently
settled in Alliany. where lie still resides.

Ninirod 1'., after completing his studies in
the coniinon scliools. entered WillaiiK-tte Uni-
versity, but ill health compelled him to leave
college before tinishing his course. y\t the age
of twenty-one he engaged in the sheep business
in Linn county, whi(di he coiititiued for six
years. Then, selling his sheep interests, he
bought a farm of 240 acres, and until 1873
devoted his time to the raising of grain. In
1873 Mr. I'ayne removed to Idaho and l)out;lit
a squatter's ri};ht, IfiO acres, near I'oise City.
He then drove out a liand of 200 (tattle from \\w
Willamette valley, and followed the stock busi-
ness in Idaho until 187f), when he returned to
Linn county and bought his present farm of
320 acres, three miles east of Albany. On this
farm he has since been raising grain, having all
of it under cultivation except a few acres. Mr.
I'ayne also owns valuable property in Albany,
wliere he resides.

His political views are in harmony with Dem-
ocratic principles, and with that jiarty he
attiliatcs. He was the nominee of his party for
County Clerk in June, 1890, and was elected by
an nnmistakable majority. This year, 1892, he
has been nominated and reelected to the same
office.

In 18fi6 Mr. Payne was united in marriage to
Miss Rosina Culver, daughter of Amos I', (-iil-
ver, a pioneer of 1854. They have lost tliree
chililren, and have nine living. The names of
the latter are as follows: Mary, Hiirr Morris,
Leslie H., Monrovia, I'essie. Kate. Kdith.
Everett, and Amy. Mary is now the wife of
Thomas Rhodes.

Mr. I'ayne is a nieinber of the V. & A. M.,
P. of II., Fanners' Alliance, and A. O. II. W.

finXJE J. C. MORKLANDis an honored
son of Tennessee, born in Smith vj ;nty in
. ^ 18'4. His ancestry settled in that State
early in the seventeenth centii'-y. Jesse More-
land, the father of the subject of this sketch,

748

HISTORY OF OIlKnON.

\'..i

followed an iigriciiltiiral life, ami was a |)ri,'ac'l)ei'
ill the Mutluiilibt Cluiri'ii. In iioiitics lie was an
old line Wliio;, and cast liis first vote for Henry
Clay. Tliouj,'li liroii<^lit up in the very arms of
slavery, ho early recofjnized its evil inlluencus
and in 184n, with his wile and his children, eni-
iitrated to Macoupin county, Illinois, and there
farmed for two y<;ars. lie next operated a coun-
try store until 1852. when he too, joined the
westward tide of en'ii<rratiori, and with loaded
wagons and ox teams, with wife, seven chil-
dren and son-in-law, set forth upon thatlonoand
perilous journey t(. the Pacific slope, The train
numhered twenty wagons aiu! alioiit seviMity-tive
pe()[)!e. A'tcr many deprivations, and consid-
erable sickness from cholera, alflioui^ii no deaths
in this party, they journeyed forwar<l, and, after
six months of travel they landed at Foster in the
Willamette valley. Tliroucih the loss of cattle
and the hardships of travel the family were so )n
reduced to penury, and Mr. Morlarid took up a
claim of 320 acres in what was known as the
••Needy"' settlement in ClackaiiiiiR county. He
followed farming unti' 1851), when on the death
. " is wife he reinovv:d to Needy and enifaged
in general merchandise biisinest, continuing
nntii 1872, when nc sold out ami retired from
business and lived with his children until his
death in March. 18yi.

.f . C. Moreland was the youngest of the family.
His education began at the di>trict school, which
was conducted about three months each yea;".
The balance of the year lie was engaged np.-n
the farm, and with these primitive jirivileges he
jiassed his boyhood, and in 18()() he entered the
printing office of the ( )regon ••l''armer," learn-
ing the trade and remaining there until the fall
of 18fi3, when he again attended school and
worked at his trade to pay expenses. In 18(i.")
he entered the law office of Hon. i):ivid JiOgaii,
one of the foremost lawyers of the Pacific coast,
and under his instruction Mr. Moreland read law
until March, 18(57, when he was adniitteil to the
bar, by the Supreme Court of the State, lie
then passed one year in eastern Oregon and
Idaho. Returning to Portland in ISfiS he com-
menced active practice, which has been contin-
ued to the present date. In 1872 he was elected
to tlie(!ominon Council by the Hepublican ])arty
and served one term of tliree years. In 1S77 ho
was appointed City .'\ttorncy of Portland, and
Iield the office for five years, and therein were;
achieved some of hisgreatcst successes in iiiunic-
iiial law. In 1885 he was appointed County

Judge to fill a vacancy of ei.xteen montlis, and
in 181)0, he was elected to till that office for a
period of four years.

He was married at I5oiso(yity, Idaho, in 1807,
to Miss Abbie IS. Kline, a native of Missouri
and the daughter of .1. L. Kline, who emigrated
to Oregon in 1853 and now resides nc'ar Port-
land. ^Irs. Moreland has borne her liusband six
children, five of whom survive, namely; Harvey
L., Susan A., Eldon W., Julius I. and Lueen.

The family reside at Mount Tabor, where the
.ludge built a handsome residence in 18!l().

He is a Knight Templar, Mystic Shrine
Mason, and I )eputv (Jrand Master of tlio(Trand
Lodge of Oregon, and Past(iiaud ( >rator of the
same body. Outside his profession lie is active
in mining and real-estate interests, and favors
every enterprise that advances jjublic iinj)rove-
nionts of aiiv kind.

fKTl!]U KIN DT, a resjiocted Oregon ])ioneer
of 1853, and asiiccessful farmer of Washing-
ton county, was born in the State of Penn-
sylvania, J une 27, 1S27. His parents, Charles
and Dora (lloniel) K'in<lt, were both natives of
the same State, and the ancestors of the family
had come in early days to t'ennsylvaiiia from
(ieiiiiany. Mr. Kindt was the fourth child of
the family of seven children, was reared in his
native State, wlu're he had but limited oppor-
tunities for educ:;tion, and in 1847 he remuvod
to Ohio.

In 1850 ou! sulijcct went to fiidiana and
worked on farms, breaking land, and two years
later lie moved to Missouri, thus moving west-
ward by degrees. Missouri did nut suit him,
and he started across the plains for Oregon in
1853. The party with whom he was traveling

~5, in a ferry-

orossod tlie Alissouri river A])ril 2.'
boat, and May 1 they crossed Elkhorn river,
having built a raft, on whi(di they put the
wagons and families, in the party was a great
Micliigaiider, who was having everything his
own way, and just before sunset he l)egan to
drive the cattle into the water. The sun shone
in their eyes so that they could not see how to
swim, and there was great danger of their being
drowned. The great tpliisteriiig fellow l)egan
to whip .Mr. Kimit's entile, and at this our sub-
ject objected, and they had some decided words
utioii ''e subject. He found, however, that al-

Iglgn

HisToitY OF onuaoN.

740

tlion<,'li liu was a biV iniiii, lie hud tackled the
wroiij; mail, I'or Mr. Iviiidt was j)eacealilc, but
would not be imposed upon, and soon the burly
soil of iMichigan was thoroughly thrashed.
After this episode, no one oljjected to Mr.
Kindt's plan to permit the cattle to wait until
morning for the crossing, when it was safely
acconiplishud.

iJuring all the first part of the journey the
rivers were swollen, and for three weeks the
clothing was wet all the time. They jiacked
the animals, and then had to swim with them.
They crossed the river at I'orUand August 28, on
Stephen's mule ferry, and from there came out
to Amjcs Chai)pcl'8, in Washington county,
near the present site of Beaverton. from which
place they prospected for a donation claim.
Mr. Kinilt looked the country over as far as the
liogue river, and in the iiKuintime worked at
whatever ho could lind to do. ]Ie finally se-
lected the 320 acres of land, where he now
resides, and purchased the right to it from a
Mr. Stingley for $31)0, which money Mr.
Kindt had ea/iied by working by the day. The
property had a shanty on it, and five acres of it
was cleared. lie has made a very excellent
farm of this projierty, erecting on it a comfort-
able residence, barn and all the outbuildings
necessary to the conducting of a first-class farm.
April 7, 1853, just before starting on his
long journey across the ])laius, he married Miss
I'ho'be Davies, a native of Indiana, born April
30, J83T, daughter of Mr. Miles Davies, who
came with his family to Oregon at the same
time that Mrs. Kindt crossed the ])lains with
her young husband. Since her marriage she
has been his faithful wife, devoted to his inter-
ests, ami aiding him in every enterjirise. AInch
of his success in life is due to her industry and
economy. Five children were born to their
union, three of whom are living, as follows:
Dora .lane, widow of Mr. CJarl SV. Kliott. and
resides in Ilillsboro, being a teaidier in the
schools of that city; Charles Edgar, is a lawyer
of I'ortland; and John ()., is at home with his
father. Abraham died in his second year, and
Laura in her fifth year. Before the great civil
war Mr. Kindt voted the Democratic ticket,
but since the foi'ination of the Ilopublican party
has been a stanch supporter of it. lie has
taken an active part in the polities of the city
and State, and has always aiucd and forwarded
every e<lucational improvement in his district,
being one of its officials a greater portion of

the time. Mrs. Kindt is a member of the
Christian (!lnirch, and both she and her hus-
band are worthy anil iiiHuential farmers, who
enjoy the esteem and respect of all who know
them.

fV. BARNES. — The deserved success at-
tending the combined efforts of entcr-
<» prise and persistency are amply demon-
strated in the life of F. C. Barnes, who was
born in Albany, New York, in 1854. His
father, William Barnes, was a machinist and
manufacturer, who, in 1856 emigrated with his
family to Clark county, Iowa, and there followed
farming until 1801, when he crossed the plains
to Oregon, and after an eventful passage, landed
at the Dalles, and thence by boat down the Col-
umbia river, arriving at Portland in the fall of
the same year, lie engaged in the wood busi-
ness, and in the fall of 18(53 was elected Road
SujH'rvisor, which position he held for many
years. In 18(55 he oj)ened the I'arnes road,
which leads from I'ortland into the Willamette
valley, and later he engaged in the grocery busi-
ness.

F. C. ISarnes was educated in the public
schools of I'ortland, and in the store of his
father. In 1873 he engaged in the grocery
business for himself, following it for three
years. He then sold out and engaged in gar-
dening on what is known as the J5eaver Dam
gard(!ning land, operating alout thirty acres,
wholesaling his products. This he continued
until about 1883, when he entesed into partner-
ship with AVilliam Maguire, and established a
market on the corner of Third and Morrison
streets for the sale of game, poultry, fish and
oysters, continuing until 1888, when Mr. Barnes
bought Mr. Maguire's interests, and has since
continued alone. In May, 1890, he removed
to his present location, corner of Third and
Washington streets, where in his line, he oper-
ates one of the leading markets of the city, em-
ploying forty men, with six wagons and one
truck, engaged in the delivery of goods. lie
has a poultry house 25 by 100 feet, two stories
high, with a capacity of two carloads of live
jioultry, embracing facilities for dressing snd
shipping, with a cold storage room 25 by 30
feet. He can furnish fresh game every month
in the year. He has a building eighty-Hvc feet

♦7

750

IlTSTOnr OF ORRnON.

ecjuare for tlio piirposc dl siiltiiiif, smoking ami
canning salrnun. witii a capacity (if fifty tlion-
Band cases a year, wliicli ^^jvi's enipioyincMit lor
over 100 mt'ii. Ilu is a iliinetor of tlu' N'ortli-
vcstei-n ('(lid Storai^u and Ice Company, wlio
tniiiiiifiictiii'(.^ twenty tons of ice per day, foi'city
and doiiK'stie pni'|ioses.

Mr. f'lanu's was married in I'ortland in 1S7(),
to Miso leaiielli' M. I'aine, a native of Oregon,
and danjfiiter of William 11. I'ayne, an Oregon
jiioneer of 1849. .Mr. and Mrs. Harnes have
five ciiildren; Clara M., Lila E., Ivy (Trace,
(iladys and Frank S(;ott.

Mr. liariu's owns one (jnarterliloek on North
Fourteenth street and several other lots, which
are substantially' improve(l in residences for
private and tenement purposes, lie also has
leases on some of Portland's most valualile prop-
erty, which he lias covered with stores, and
so[nc of which is without doubt the very best
business locations in the city, briuf^inj^ him in
a revenue that any oTie might be prou(i of. lie
is a liepiiblican in politics, but takes no active
part in same, as his interests and time are fully
occupied with his business enterprises. He is
a man who pos.scsses the faculty of getting
ahead, niid his success is the just reward of per-
severint; ettbrt accompanied by honest business
principles.

lAVID TOKHKT. A. M., Professor of
Mathematics and English in the Albany
^ Collegiate Institute, Albany, Ore(ron,
was born in Shrevc, Wayne county, Ohio, in
lS4-t. His father. Robert A. Torbet. was a
native of PeTinsylvania, but was married in
Oiiio in 1843, to Iveziah Scott, of Holmes
county, Ohio. They began married life in a
little log cabin, the one room below serving for
liviui,' purposes, and the attic being used for the
storage of wheat, corn and family supplies,
liobert A. began teaching school when he was
eighteen, and continued that occupation tliirty
years. Ho also engaged in agricultural pur-
suits, which he has followed up to the present
time, and both he and his wife are now living
in Holmes conuty, on laud that was improved
by his father. iSlr. and Mrs. Torbet had ten
children, eight of whom survive, David lieing
the first born.

The sniiject of our sketch received his gduca-

tion at I'aldwiti rniversity, P>erea, Ohio, gradu-
ating with the degree of .\. H, in X'STi. His
education was procured by personal effort. The
first money he earned was at farm work, at 810
per month, and for his first teaching ho received
75 cents jicr day. After a term of army serv-
ice, young Torljot resumed teaching, saving
his nuiiu'v for his higher education. WhcTi ho
began his studies at lierea, his father took him
and his sister to that place, a distance of fifty-
seven miles, the sister remaiiung to take care
of their modest ipnirters, cook wash, and to pur-
sue her studies, David paying for their tuition,
fuel, books, rent, etc. The Professor still has
in his possession a small wood saw, which ho
purchasod that first year, with which he sawod
forty-four cords of wood for exercise and profit,
at the same time carrying his studies in Cireek,
Latin, Algebra and (ieometry. During his
course of six years ho never received a grade
less than 100 in mathematics. After he had
been in college three months he took (diarge of
an Algebra class, the |iay for the same iimre
than paying tuition of himself and sister. Dur-
ing the second year he taught both arithmetic
and algebra. The third year ho was principal
of the public schools of Berea. All this time
ho was keeping up his studies and |)as8ing his
examinations. Thus, by labor and study, he
continued his course, assisted in the education
of his brothers and sisters, and graduated with
honor.

As an educator, Professor Torbet ranks with
the fijrenidst of the country. After comploting
his collegiate course he was employed for a
time as principal and Superintendent of I'ublic
Schools at West Stlem, Wayno county, Ohio,
after which he was principal of the I'nrbank
Academy, Professor of Natural Science in
Baldwin University, aiul Superintendent of Pub-
lic Schools ut Londonville, Ohio. He then pur-
chased an interest in the Norwood High School,
in Nelson county, Virginia, in which school ho
taught six years, making nniny friends, and
learning much of Southern life.

In .Inly, 1888, Professor Torbet came by in-
vitation to the Dalles, as assistant principal of
the Wasco Independent Academy and Normal
School, and in 1889 tilled the otHce of princi-
pal. In 1890 he moved to Lebanon, where he
served as principal of the Santiam Academy.
In .\pril, 1891. he iiccepted the call of Pros!
dent (.'ondit, of the Albany Collegiate Institu.
to the Professorship of Mathematics and Eng-

UlSTUUY Oh' OHKUON.

V>\

lish in tlint institution. During liis experienco
in teaching lie 1ms never been unemployed, the
vacant chair having always been the seeker for
his professional service.

I'rot'essor Torbet was nicrried in Liverpool,
Me<lit)a county, Ohio, in 1871. to Miss Olive A.
Warner, a graduate of Haldwin University,
who has devoted many years to teaching, assist-
ing her husband in his several appointments.
They hav(^ had seven children, namely: Dora
E., J'hebe K., Ellen E., Joseph E., Vida O.,
Robert N. and lliram W. All are living ex-
cept Dora E.

The Professor is an Ancient Odd Fellow and
a very active Church worker.

^ItOFESSOU Z. M. I'AUVIX, director of
^^ the Conservatory of Music, of Willamette
*^ University, is a native of Indiana, having
been liorn in Uipley county in 184:8. His an-
cestry dates back to the llugnenots, who were
driven from France to England, and then emi-
grated to America, locating in New .Jersey,
where the father of our subject. Samuel Kay
I'arvin, was boi'ii. lie emigrated to Indiana in
18i3.'3, and was one of the ])ioneer8 of Union
county. lie settled in the wilderness and there
cleared up a line farm. He then removed to
Ripley county, and at Mapoloon resumed his
trade of shoemaker. He made the first pair of
shoes made in that section. In 1850 he removed
to McDonough county, Illinois, and followed
his trade until his death, in 1881.

Z. M. I'arvin received his early education in
the public schools of Indiaiui and Illinois, iind at
the Presbyterian Seminary at Abiiigdon, Illi-
nois.

At the fii'ing upon Fort Sumter Mr. Parvin
was tired with the spirit of patriotism, and,
although but eighteen years of age, he enlisted
at Springfield. Illinois, in Company I), Sixty-
fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, first known
as Vate's Sharp Shooters, under Colonel John
Alorril. During the winter of 1861-'62 they
were on general duty at Quincy, Illinois, and in
the spring they formed the skirmish line for
the army of General Pope down the Mississippi
river from Cairo, accompanied by (Ajunnodore
Foote, with his iron-clad fleet. Their first en-
gagement was at the bombardment of New
Madrid and the capture of Island Number Ten.

From there on to Fort Pillow, where they were

transferred to the army of the Tennessee and
engaged in the siege of Corinth, where, as sharp-
shooters, they were engaged in close rcHjon-
noisance, and a passing cannon ball came in
such close proximity to Mr. Parvin that he has
never recovered from the concussion. A min-
ie ball also passed through his hat, but he was
spared from severe wounds. He was taken ill,
however, from exposure, and though remaining
with his regiment was too ill for active service,
and just before the battle of luka, iMissi-sippi,
was discharged, September 17, 1802, but was
still detained at the post. He witnessed the
second battle of Corinth, which was a terrilile
slaughter of the Confederates. He then re-
turned home, and after two years, one spent in
resting and one in study, he again enlisted late
in 1804- in Company K, One Hundred and
Fifty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was
ap|)ointe(l Commissary of the regiment, and
later was made Second Lieutenant. They fol-
lowed down the Chattanooga k. Atlanta rail-
road, and at Ivingston, (Tcorgia, received the
surrender of General Wofl'urd, May 30. 1805,
and they paroled 15,000 men. The regiment
was then detailed to Columbus, Georgia, and
aided in the forming of a local government and
in the first steps taken toward reconstruction,
being discharged in January. 1800, when Mr.
Parvin n^turncd to his home. Three brothers
of Mr. Parvin were also in the war. namely:
Isaac M., who enlisted in the Eighty-eighth
Illinois and served fur three years in the South-
ern department; John T., who enlisted in the
Fifty-seventh Illinois and served four years in
the army of Tennessee under General Slierman,
and was in the grand review at Washington,
District of Columbia; and (4ilbort T., wdio en-
listed in the Sixteenth Illinois and served four
years. His regiment was a marching one,
making thirty miles per day, after which they
would enter engagements. They were under
General Sherman in his campaign and assisted
in the grand review at Washington. Strange
to relate, of the four brothers none were seri-
ously injured.

After his return home Mr. Parvin was en-
gaged in farming for two years, when he de-
cided to take up music as a profession. lie
began the study of vocal musi(; with George F.
Root, of ("hicago, and vocal culture with Carlo
Hassini and George J. Webb, of New York
city. Piano, theory and harmony with WilHam

IITHTORY OF OREGON.

m 'm

:!.#

»A.

Mason, Dt'Nuw York, mul II. K. I'aliiier, of Clii-
('airo, and oriran with \V. S. 1!. Matlii'ws, of Clii-
caj^o. I'nif'i'ssor I'arviii licjraii tcaeliiiifr in Illi-
nois in 18(i!l, t'untenijKirai'y with IJliss ami men
of that ilk, hut continniMJ his studies with the
hest masters until 1S74. in 1875 he was called
to Oalil'oi'nia fts Professor of Music at the State
Normal Seliool at San .lose, where he eontiiiued
for three years. lie then taught private classes
an<l in the j)uhlic schools at (lilroy and Santa
Clara until 188*5, when he came to Salem as
musical director of the Conservatory of Music.
This department of the VVillanietto Tniversity
was orifanized in 1881, with two teachers and a
few pujiils, hut the class now numbers 150
])Uj)il8 and live assistants are (constantly em-

Filoyed. Ahout fifty j)upils have irraduatcd
roin the (!onservatory, and these have organ-
ized a musical ainmni, the influence of which is
felt throughout the Northwest.

Professor Parvin was married in Hardolph,
Illinois, in 1800, to Miss Addie Sutton, u native
of Maine, and they Imvo three children: Mary
(>., wife of Hon. .f. N. Brown, of Ileppner,
eastern (Iregon; John Hay and (Chester A. The
two latter are boinir educated at the university.
The Professor has built a handsome residence
on his ten-acre fruit farm on South Commercial
street, one mile from the post otHce, in which
he and liis family now reside. He devotes his
life to the advancement of his Conservatory, in
which he is deeply interested. He is Past Com-
mander of Sedo;\vick Post, No. 10, G. A. 11.,
Department of Oregon; also a member of A.
O. U. W. and I. O. (). F. He is an active
member of the Congregational Church, and in
politics is a stanch Republican.

I^EMFEL H. AIONTAXYE.anattorney-at-
\(/fi law at Albany, has been identified with
^jr the business interests of this city for nearly
two <lccades. Of his life the following brief
record is made:

I.,emuel H. Montanye was born in Switzer-
land county, Indiana, November 8, 1840. His
father, Lemuel Montanye, a native of New Jer-
sey, was born in 1780, a descendant of the
French Huguenots, early settlers of that State.
About 1828 he emigrated to Indiana and en-
gaged in farming, and in 1838 was married in
Switzerland county to Miss Hannah Heiiry. Of

their four cliildrcn, the subject of our sketch

was the second born and is the only survivor.
For a number of years after his marriage Lem-
uel Montanye was cngagiMl in sawmilling and
trailing, carrying jjroduce and lumber on the
<lhio and Mississijjjii rivers to New Orleans.

Lemuel II. attended the public schools of his
native State, and also took a course in a busi-
ness college at Indianapolis, Indiana. When
the war came on he was among the first to re-
spond to the call for ;300,(I00 men. In August,
18(il, he enlisted in ('oni])any I), Eighteentli
Indiaini Volunteer Infantry, and continued in
the service until August 10, 1804, when, his
term of enlistment having expired, he was hon-
orably discharged. He participated in numer-
ous engagements, prominent among which were
the battle of Pea liidge and the siege of Vicks-
burg.

In 1869 Mr. Montanye began the study of
law in Franklin, Louisiami, under the instruc-
tion of Judge A. L. Tucker, a distinguished
lawyer of western Louisiana, and subsequently
entered the Law department of the University
of Louisiana, being admitted to the bar Marcli
28, 1871. He then commenced practice at New
Iberia, same State, and remained there three
years, a portion of the time serving as Justice
of the Peace. In the summer of 1874 ho cau)e
to Oregon and located at Albany. Here he
formed a copartnershij) with J. J. Whitney,
then District Attorney, which partuei'ship con-
tinued three years. At this time Mr. Montanye
was elected Kecoi'der for the city of Albany and
served two years. Resuming practice in 1879,
he (••Mitinned his legal profession alone until
January 1, 18U2, when he and T. P. Ilackle-
nian became associateil together in business.

Mr. Montanye has taken a prominent jiart in
public affairs. He has becTi School Clerk and
a J )i rector for tlut Fifth S(diool District of Al-
bany for a number of years. He was one of the
charter members of the Linn Fire Engine ('om-
pany, No. 2, which was organized September
13,1875, theirs being the first steam tire engine
of the city. After serving ten years in the
volunteer department he became a member of
the lixempt Firemen. In 1884 he was elected
to the State Legislature, and attended the reg-
nlar and extra sessions of 1885.

January 23, 1870, Mr. Montanye was mar-
ried in Kingston, Adams county, Mississi[)pi,
to Miss Kate Haynard, a native of Louisiana.
Their two children ftre (leorge P>. and Mary H.

ttiHTnnr of nti/anox.

Mr. Montniiyo is iiii Kiiciiinpineiif ineinlier of
tlie I. (). O. I''., and lias iilwo tiikc^ii tlii! liulinknli
des^ree. With tlio (i. A. K. lie is iipoiiiiiieiitly
coimcctt'il, Ik'Iiij; I'list .Fiiiiior Vicu Di'iiitrtinciit
CoiiiiiiiiiHli'r of tiiu Dupdrtniuiit of Oregon.

— ^-^ilngit-)^

fAl'TAlN J. II. IJ. GllAV, ia one of tiie
oldest yiitivc sons of the Northwest, and
was horn to Anieri(!an parents in Idaho,
formerly a part of the Territory of Oregon in
1><39. His father, William 11. (Iray, was a
native of Uticn, New York, and wa^ born in
1810. In early life he learned the trade of
cabinetmaker, and suhseqnently studied medi-
cine, which he practiced a short time in Fair-
field, New York. In 183(5 lie ac('om])anied Dr.
iMarcns Whitman across the plains to Oregon,
making the journey on horseback. Uetiirning
to the States in 1837, ho was married at
IJticfl, New ^'ork, February, 1838, to Miss Mary
A. Dix, and they immediately 8tarte<l across the
plains for Oregon, accompanied by the mission-
aries, Mr. and Mrs. Walker and Mr. and Mrs.
Klls, all inakinir the journey on horseback.
From the Missouri river they traveled with the
Northwest fur tra|)pers, the little company
numberi?ig about twelve. Arriving safely at
AValla Walla, Messrs. Gray, Walker and p:ils
were sent to Lapwai, Idaho, to establish a mis-
sion, Mr. Gray taking charge of the secular
work and praci icing medicine as occasion arose.
Remaining until 1842, he removed to the
Willan)ette Valley and followed his trade, and
profession at Salem and Oregon Gity, until
1840, when he puichased the donation claim of
liev. J. L. Parrish. on Clatsop plains, and then
settled, engaging in farming and practice up to
1854. He was one of the founders of the First
Presbyterian Church on Clatsop plains. The
following twelve years were passed in Astoria,
iti Oregon, British Columbia and The Dalles; re-
turning to Astoria in 1806, he then prepared his
history of Oregon, which was published in 1870,
covering the period from 1702 to 1849. In
public atfair.s Mr. Gray tilled a prominent posi-
tion, and was one of the Legislative Committee
of nine, which met at Chainpoeg in May. 1843.
and was one of the committee of three to draft
a constitution upon which to form a Provisional
Government.

J. H. D. Gray was the eldest of nine children,

He WHS educated at the schools cd' Clatsoji
coiin'y and at the Pacific University. In 1857
he engaged in mercantile life as a clerk for
Ainswirlh and Deardorf, at ( (rcgon City, con-
tiiii'iiig one year, he then went to I''ra8er river,
and entered the life of steamboating. first as
mate and pilot, ami in 18."J!I he became master
of the vessel, running u]) the Fraser river ami
Harrison lake. In August. 18(J1. he engag('<l
as pilot, on the steamer Caribou. While com-
ing out of Victoria harbor the boat was blown
up. and a large number of lives were lost, but
our subject t'8ca])0(l with but slight injuries.
Upon recovering he began steamboating upon
the Upper O/lumbia. running from Celilo, to the
headwaters of the (Columbia and Snak(* rivers, a
distance of 300 miles. In October. 1807, while
gunning he lost his right hand, by accident, and
in 1808 ho came to Astoria, and engaged in
steamboating for himself. lie placed upon the
river the first steamboat, owned at Astoria, and
established the line to I''ort Stevens. Oregon, and
F(M't (Janby, Washiiigto?i. which he continued
until 1888, and is tiow operated by other parties.
In 1888 (Japtain (^ray engaged in the real-estate
business, and in 188U. incorporated the Astoria
Real Fstate ('ompany.of which he is the manager,
and engaged in handling both city and country
property. Captain owns a large amount of acre
proj)erty in Clatsop county, city propei'ty at
Astoria and 300 acres at Frankfort, on the
Washington shore.

He was married in Salem, in 1808, to Miss
Laura W. Hell, a daughter of John C. Bidl, a
pioneer of 1851. Tr' ■ i ; union has been added
eight children, thrf i • , and five daughters.
Captain Gray is an luicampnient member of the
I. O. O. F., and is Past Masterof the A. O. V. W.
In 188Ghe was elected State Senator, from (Hat-
sop, (-olumbia. and Tillamook counties, and
filled the term for four years. During the
Legislature he secured, after a hard tight, the
reapportionment of the district, which had been
much ham])ered for want of proper representa-
tion, and tlius secured one senator and two
representatives for Clatsop ctumty. The politi-
cal advantage lias materially aided in securing
increased appropriations and the speedy con-
struction of the tJnited States Government Jetty
at the bar of the Columbia river, and also ad-
vancing useful legislation for roads through the
county. Captain (Jray filled the office of ])ilot
coniniissioner for four years, and has always
been active in promoting steamboat navigation.

7n4

nrsTonr of onmaox.

■:l'i

'M-

uihI in liiiililiiij^f up tlir city. lit' Iiih served
three yciii'ri ii8 ( 'ouncilrriiiii <il tlie 'itv. mid wiis
one of tlie |ii'iiu'i|);il niDvei'it in tiic Coliiiriiiiii
Uivcr Ceiitctuiiiil ('I'leiiratiii'. M-iiy 11, lsy;2.
Servini^ iiH Marine Miirshid. diirinj;; tiie iinniver- !
■ Bary, he was iiMiit-e(|nentiy preneiited witii aj^ohl '
watch and chain, aw a jileasinj/ souvenir from |
the ajipreeiativo citizen.* of Astoria. Ileiaati I
ardent heiiever that tlie commerce of the (.'(iliiin- I
Ilia river and its trilinti ries shoiild, and will '
shortly he liroilf^iit to Asto''ia hy rail and steam,
and from that city sent to .dl jiarts of the world
in the largest and fleetest sl.ips afloat. |

?(i. FI.<>()K, proprietor of the Now Era
Roller Mills of lloscliitrfr, was horn in
» Clermont county, Ohio, in US-ll. lie
ossed the plains first to California, in 1857,
uien to < h-ei^on in IStJO, settling on a farm in
Douglas county, and later erected a flour mill
;it Ten Mile, on Cedar creek. In lSt')4 he
joined Company A, I''irst Oregon Cavalry, and
served until iSdO, when he was mustered out at
Vaiieouver, haviiii^ during his two and a half
years of service heen promoted from private to
eorjioral. lie is a charter inemher of Reno
Post. No. 2d, (t. \. R., of which he is at pre.s-
qnt the Commander. In 1880 Mr. I'look erected
the New Era Roller Mills, which have thr.'o
Rtanils of rollers, and a capacity of fifty harrels
iier day. The race and dam cosi S20.()()0, and
the mill !?1(),()00. In 1886 Aaron Rose hecamc
a jiartner at' the institution. The mill is located
just outside the city limits, on tlie Uinpqua
river.

Our suliject was married in 1877, to Miss
Ellen Sinitli, a native of this county, and they
had two children: .lessie and Ella. Mrs. Flock
die.l Novemher 21, 1887.

;AR1US LYMAN EDWARDS, A. M.,

Professor of History and English Litera-
ture lit P(jrtl:ind University, was born in
Huntington, Lorain county, Ohio, Noveinlier
1(5, 1853

'.lis father, Lyman M. Edwards, a native of
jNow York, removed to Ohio in 1830 and settled
on a farm. He was subsequently married to
Mi;-s Faiinv EjiijlBSton, also a native of New

^'ork. 'I'hey had six children, live of whom are
still living. .Mr. and Mrs. Edwards are now ad-
vanceil in years and are living in < Hierliii. Ohio.
The subject '<{ our sketch was edmated at
Oberlin College, graduating with high honor at
that institution in IXHO. Hi; was then elected
superintendent of the public schools at (leorge-
town, Illinois, and taught as principal of tliu
high .s(diool for a period of two years. From
1882 to 1881 he pursued p('St-graduate Hludies
at (Hierlin, teaching, meanwhile, a* tutor in the
college. In 1881 ho was offiM'ed the position of
principal of tlic prcjiaratory dc])artincnt of tho
Pacific University, which he accepted, and lilled
witii honor to himself and credit to tho univer-
sity for seven years. He tendered bis resigna-
tion in .Inly, 1891, to accept the chair of
History and English Literature of Portland
University.

Professor Edwards was marrieil in Oberlin,
Ohio, in ISSl, to Miss Mary Houghton, a native
of < )liio, a lady of high social attainments and a
gradnat(' of Oberlin ('onservatory of Miisitt. She
had charge of the musical de|iartrnent of the
Pacific University during her husband's coiinec-
tioii with that institution, and is now a teacher
in the Conservatory of Music of Portliiiid Uni-
versity. They have one child, Ray L.

The Professor holds high rank among tho
prominent educators of the West. He is en-
thusiastic over the future greatness of the young
university with which he is connected, and is
exerting his earnest efforts to place it among
the leading educational institutions in this sec-
tion of the country.

EOR(iE W. P.ARNES, Commissuuicr of
Columbia couufy, is a native of Miami
county. Indiana, born November '28,
1844, and was a son of .lolin and Elvira (Love)
Rarnes. The former was a native of Virginia
and the latter of North Carolina, both of whom
are now deceaseil, the father dying in March,
18itl and the mother in 1857. Tho family
removed to Warren county, Illinois, about the
vear 1856, where young Rariios received bis
education. Later he removed to Prairie
City, Iowa, and our subject having served an
anprenticeship to the carpenter trade, followed
his calling in Iowa until 1873, when he located
in Sonoma county, California.

atsroRT OF oREooir.

III 1S7U our Biilijt'i't wont to the Diillc." in
< trcijon, wliero lio found employiiuMit at liin trade
ill tlio (). S. N. Coiii])aiiy shops, ami rcsiilud
tlieriniiitil IH81. Tlieii lio ri'iiiuvud to ( 'oliiiii-
liia cuiHity ami located on a t'ariii, five iiiik's
northeast of the town of C'latkaiiie and iieeaine
u tiil(^r of the noil. The joint property of Mr.
liarnes nnil his wife consists of '20B acres of the
best land, with 100 acres under ciiitivntion.
This is line stock-raising and dairy land, and ho
has iniich success with his orchards and a variety
of fruits.

Mr. llarnoH was aJnstice of the I'eace in his
district for two years, and wac elected County
Coniiiiissioner in 18'J0 for four yeare In con-
ducting the alfairs of the county, Mr. liarnes
has always regarded the wishes of the people
and the re(juireinent8 of his ollice irrespective of
political or j)ersonal motives, and such has lieeii
his ailininistration, that although he is a stanch
Jtepiililican in politics, he has a host of friends
on the o|)po8ite side.

Our sulijeet has heen twice married, the first
union being in Illinois, in 18(57, with Miss Mis-
souri I)it(di, a native of Indiana, who liveil but
five months. The second marriai^e was made in
Prairie City. Iowa, September 25, 1870, with
Miss Martha Lowe. She was a native ot Michi-
gan, and they became the ])arents of six chil-
dren, four of whom are living, as follows: Lydia
E., (illy E., Frank E. and Callie M., two sons
having died in infancy.

In social matters our subject belongs to I.
(). O. F. and K. of P. His standing in the coiii-
munity is that of an honorable, upright gentle-
man, one who enjoys the esteem anil confidence
of all, and is worthy of any position of trust that
could be conferred upon him liy a progressive
and law-abiding people.

W^ C. BEARDSLEY, alnmberman of Ilose-
tX'H burg, was born in I'lrie county, Oliio, J line
^5P»» 22, 1847, a son of John and Leah (Dick-
son) Heardsloy, early pioneers of Ohio. Our
subject, the youngest of three children, was
reared to farm life, and at tiie age of twenty-
two years emigrated to northwest Iowa, where
he bought and improved 1(50 acres of land. In
1878 he came to I )ouglfls county, Oregon, and
fora time worked as a bridtjo carpenter on the
railroad. In 1884 ho started the lumber yard

ill this city, located on .Md^lier ami I'arrntt
streets. His residence is .in the corner of
.Moslier iiikI Pine streets.

Mr. I'eiinlsley was married in 1870. to Miss
Ada ( iawler. a native of England. In his so-
cial relations, our subject is a niemlief of tins
A. O. II. \V., and religiously, alliliates with the
Methodist Church.

^,()\. CHRISTIAN LEINWEI'.ER, de-

I ased, for many years a leailing Inisiness
man rd' Astoria, was born near Pinna-
sens, liavaria, in 18ii!t. At the a<£e of fifteen
years he came to the United States, where ho
fcdlowed the tanners' trade, but later emigrated
to California. In iSfiO ho came to Oregon,
establishing a tannery at Astoria, but after a
few years formed a partnershi|i witli.Iohn Hob-
son, in tilt! cannery business, and next was as-
sociated with Ilirain ISniwii. Mr. Leinweber
served one term in the Legislature, was an in-
telligent supporter of the Democratic party, and
was a Mason in his social relations. At the
time of his death he was possessed of large
real-estate interests in this city.

He was married in 18(57. to Miss Mary II. Pow-
ers, a daughter of the late Truman Powers, well
known in Astoria. He was a native of Ver-
mont, and crossed the plains to < )reg()n in 184(5,
taught school one year in Oregon City, in 1S47
came to Astoria, the tbllowing year prospected
in the gold fields of California, but afterward
returned to Astoria, where he spent the resiilue
of his days. He was always interested in every
cnter|)rise for the city's jirosjierity, gave liber-
ally to the chnrclius, and the First Presbyterian
Church of Upper Astoria, «as donated by him.
lie served as Deputy Collector of Customs, as
Postmaster several years, and also re|iresented
Clatsop county in the Legislature. Hit wife
was Mary Beale, a native of Virginia. Mr.
Power's death occurred in July. 188,'], aged
eighty years. Mary, now, Mrs. Leinweber, was
their only child. Our subject and wife hail
five children: Truman, who died April 11,
1892, aged twenty-three years; Mary, dtceastd
at the age of fourteen years; Fred, attending
school at ^V^ie8badell, (iermany; Hiram Brown
and Ida. Air. Leinweber died M<irch 15, 1889,
aged fifty years; Fred, attending school at
Wiesbaden, Germany; Ilirain Brown and Ida.

iha

itrsTORT OF oRiiooif.

\^\%

Mr. Lein\vol)er died Mnrcli 15. 1881), iifjed Kt'ty
years. He was a prijiiiiiicnr Mason, an Odd
Fellow, a Kniglil Templar, and a n)einbor of
tlie A. (). F. W. His residiMico, a tine two-
story building, is located on I'it'th and Alier-
netlie avenue, in IJjiper Astoria. The estate
eonsits of valuable residence and business
blocks in tills city, and farm property in Tilla-
mook county.

■^u.^^it...,

fUOF. GKOlKiE A. I'KE1U;K,S, principal
of the McMinnville public selujols, a ini-
tive son of Oreifon and a son ot' a well-
known pioneer of this State, was iiorn in (,'laek-
amas county, March 'Z, 185-1. His fatliei Hon.
John Cannon Peebles, of Marion county, was
born in Westmoreland county, I'ennsylvania,
.January 2;?, 1820. He was of I'resbyterian
Scotch- Irish ancestry> his progenitors having
come to the colonies previous to the llevolution,
and settling in I'onnsylvania, where three i^ene-
rations were born ami reared. They wer<> gen-
erally farmers. Many of their descendants still
reside in that part of Pennsylvania where the
ori<j;inal stock first settled.

'I'he father of the subject of our sketch re-
m<ived from I'eniisylvania in the year 18-10 to
Indiana. Elkhart county, whither his father and
family also removed and inaile their home in
the sami! county until lsr)2. when they aifain
removeiljto ('alifornia, locating in Tehamacnunty.
In 1850 John Cannon I'eel)les conclu<!ed to
come to Oregon to make his future home, .\fter
a lontr :uid weary journey of six months" dura-
tion, encountering many diHiculties and (,'ndur-
inii many hanlships inciilent to all the pioneer
emigrations of that anil pi'eviijus years to Ore-
^fon anil ("alifornia, he arrived at Oregon. City
without a dollar or anything left of the outfit he
started with to Oregon. Possessed of a liberal
education and sound physical constitution he
soon found proli table eni|iloyiiient as a clerk in
a lumberini^ company, controlled by Menjamin
Simpsjn. Af'er a brief i>eriod of service in this
capacity he was iilfered and accepted an interest
in the lumbering and other enterprises, in which
Mr. Simi)Soii was the principal owner anil pro-
moter. Among these enterprises undertaken
was the establishment of a sawmill at Parksvilh^
and a trading store of general morchaudi.'ie at
l'"airHeld on the Willamette river, ten miles west

of Parkercville. both situated in Marion county.
This trading company also constructed some of
the first steamboats tiiat ran on the Willamette
river. Disasters overtaking these enterprises,
Mr. Peebles purchased a ilonation claim that
embraces the present site of Fairfield, on which
\w settled and began fai'inint'. On November
27, 1851. a little more than a year after
arriving in Oregon, he was nnirried to Miss
Eliza Jane Mark, a daughter of a well-known
pioneer of (!lackainas county, Oregon, John
Mark. .Mr. and .Mrs. John C. I*e> iiles now re-
sides near Salem. Oretfon. To'thein six children
were born. !;ve of whom are living: (ieorge A.,
the (ddest, and the subject of our sketch; Alice
.lane, wile of O. (i. Cole, Turner, Oregon; Mai'y
Kli/.a, wife of William T. ("lark, Salem, Oregon ;
Frances .\delaide died when a child in 18(14;
.lolni M., a student of law in Salem; and Craee
A., a teaciier in the Salem public schools.

Mrs. Eliza. I. Peebles, a native of Kentucky,
was born .lune 5. 1S3I). Her parents were na-
tives (it Virginia, removing to Kentucky and
settling in Hardin county, at an early period in
the settlement of that State. About 1845 they
removed to Alissouri and settled in Johnson
county. In 1847 they removed to Oregon and
st'ttled in CJIaekamas county, where two broth-
ers still reside on the lands the family took
undi'r donation land laws of the early settle-
iTU'nt of Oregon. Her mother died in 1851).
Her father in 1874.

Mr. Peebles took a prominent part for many
years in the political affairs of the Territory of
and the State of Oregon. Was several times
chosen a member of the Territorial Legislative
.Assembly — representing Marion county in that
body. He was a member of the ( 'onstitutional
CJouvention ihat framed tlit^ present constitution
of the State of Oregon, serving on the Commit
tee on Education in tiuit body, and taking a
prominent part in laying the fouiulation of thi>
excelletit public school systiMU of < )rogon. Ho
afterward successively till(>d important otlices of
public trust. He was elected State Librarian,
which position he held for one term. In I8(i2
was elected County .Judge of Marion county and
was subseijuently twice re-elected to that posi-
tion, serving in all a period of twelve yeirs, re-
tiring from otJice and public life in 1878. In
all positions of public trust which Mr. Peebles
was called to till he was ever faithful in the dis-
eharije of the duties involved and retired with
an uiiimpuachttblo elmraoter bearing with liim

ItlHfOnr OF OllEdON.

■75'}

into private life the confidence and esteem of liis
fellow citizens. As above stated. Mr. and Mrs.
Peebles now resuio near Salem in the enjoy-
ment of u comfortable iioine and tlie society of
their family and numerous friend.-;.

I'rof. (JeorL^eA. Peeliles received his elemen-
tary education in the [uihlic schools of Saleni,< >re-
gon,aud 8ubso([uently completed his edu<'ation at
VV^illamette University at Salem, jfraduatiiig
from that institution in 1877. For several years
])rior to entering the university he taught in
the public scliools (if Marion county, and after
Hnisliinij; his collegiate studies again devotetl
himself to teacliinij,. In 1879 was elected to a
jirincipal^hip in the Salem public schools and
after a period of seven years' continuous service
as principal and city superintendent of the
public scliools of That city he resigned his city
superintendencj' to accept the county super-
tendency of Marion county, which position
he held for four years. In 1888, at the e,\-
])iration of his urm of office as County Su-
j)erintendent oi Schools, ho accepted a position
with 1). Appleton & Company, of New York, to
represent their interests in Oregon, which posi-
tion he held until tlie summer of 1889, when he
was tendered the position of principal of the
public schools of McMinnville, Oregon. He is
now completing his fourth year as princi])!il of
these schools. During his administration in
these scliools. he has successfully established an
excellent system of graded schools that rank
with the leading public schools of the State.

On the 29th of June, 1883. the subject of our
sketch was married to lEiss Virgia A. Griffith,
of Salem, a daughter of !>. C. (xriffith, one of
Marion connty's re]n'esentative men, a success-
ful farmer and one of the |)ioneors uf the early
uO's. Two daughters, Lois and Alice, aged nine
and seven years, both living, are two beautiful
and lovely children of whom any father and
mother might justly be proud, are the fruitage
of their marriage.

fOIIN llOBSON, a pioneer of Astoria, was
born in England, December 4, 1824, a son
of William and Margaret ^llutchinBon)
llobson, also natives of England. The mother
died when her children were small, and in 1843
the father set sail for the rnited States.

After arriving at NewOrlean? he took steamer

for St. Louis, with the intention of locating in
Wisconsin. While in that city, detained by ice,
he met some men from Oregon, and was induced
by them to seek his fortune in the far West,
immediately fitting out wagons for the overland
trip. lie. with Miles Eyers, and their families,
traveled through the State of Missonri to Inde-
pendence, the place of rendezvous, as soon as the
snow was off, with mult teams, arriving tlie
12th of May, 184y, •. . i fi-'ljng about 100
wagons and about 300 p.r.onv preparing to
cross the mountains. Leaving there about May
15, they arrived at Foi-t Vancouver the last of
Xo.ember, and the mouth of the Columbia the
25th of December, 1843. Of this tri)) across
the plains the sulijeot of this sketch can talk for
hours, in an interesting and intelligent way,
ttivintr incidents and reminiscences which few
pioneers are able to I'emendier. Also of the
e;irly days in Astoria, he remembers trials and
hardships wdiich none els^ recollect, and if all
he has seen and experienced should Ix' written
it would make a large and highly interesting
volnme. To such men as Mr. llobson the
grand possibilities and material prosperity of
the great Pacific Northwest is greatly due.
They liraved hardships, faced dangers and over-
came dithculties which none but men of iron
will and iron constitutions would ever dare to
face, thus paving the way for posterity to make
pleasant homes and dwell in safety. They, in
the pioneer days, had to battle with the ele-
ments, fight with savage tribes, cut roads
through thick brush, ford dangerous streams,
and w'ere proud ships sail to-day they, in 1843,
rowed ilieir frail canoes on the still, smooth
wpt- sof the great Columbia. Too much praise
c.".:,".oc lie given these hardy, whole-soided pio-
neers for the grand work they have done in
opening the way to the shores of the great Pa-
cific. ()nlyone American was in Astoria when
Mr. llobson arrived here, and he and Mr.
Shively remain here to-day.

For several years our subject labored on his
father's farm on Clatsop plains, driving cattle
from jilace to place and trading for Hour. In
184(J he started out in life for himself, bringing
a band of cattle from the Willamette valley and
engaging in the dairy business, in company
with Solomon II. Smith. From 1848 until
1850 he was engaged in mining in California,
but in the latter year returned to this State.
Mr. llobson then bought forty head of cattle of
a Mr. Ililey, which lie ilrove from the Willain.

738

tllSTilHY OF VliKGOS.

ctte to t'latsop ])lains, liuiiglit ii claiiii, sinil was
engaged in a^ricultui'al |iUP8uits tlu-re until
lStJ3. The following year lie [iiireliaseil jirop-
erty in Astoria, ami now owns large tracts of
valuable rcbidenee pro])erty in this city and
Portland. Since iiis residence in Astoria he has
been ensraited in the wholesale hutclier biisi-
ness. and. in company with .lohn Badolet, 11.
Aikens, (Jeoi-ife Warren and C. Leinweher, he
built one of the tirst canneries in the city. Mr.
llobson subsequently went to Tillamook, this
State, an<i established a cannery at what is
known as Ilobsonville, which was named in his
honor. Iti 1885 be was appointed Collector of
Customs at Astoria, under rresident Cleveland,
and i?i ISttO was Uiude vice-pr'>sident ol' the
l''irst National I'ank of this city. Socially, he
afliliates with the I. (). (). F., lieaver Lodge,
Mo. 35.

lie wa.< married in 1851, to Miss Diana
Owens, a native of Kentucky, ami a daufjliter
of Thomas Owens, a well-known jtioneer. To
this union were born four children: Frank 1'. ;
Ada, wife of C;. W. I'ulton; Harry H.; and
Mauil, wife of G. F. Fulton. The mother died
in 1874. and in 1875 .Mr. llobson married Mrs.
Anna K. lieeves, and they have bad four cbil-
dren: Minnie (deceased), F]dwin. Keba and
Ikrtba.

fM. I'llATITKlR, a prosperous farmer, re-
siding on liis father's donation claim near
* Uuena Vista, is a native son of Polk
county, and was born on the claim on which he
now resides, July 6. 1855. His ancestors were
early settlers of Virginia; bis grandfather, Silas
Pratber, was born there, and his father was
a native of Frederick county, N'irginia, born in
1813, and there the father was reared to man
liood. He removed to Missouri when he was
ninetsen years of age, remained there two vears
and then crossed the plains to Oregon in 1844.
When Mr. Pratlier started on his long jour-
ney across the jjlains he was accomjianied by
Ills brother Theodore, and they came with an
outfit of their own, directing their way to I'olk
county. Oregon. After safeiy ri'achitig this
place they each took a donation claim of l»4()
acres of land, which is now located one mile
Boulh of where JJnena Vista now has been
built, and these were the tirst claims settled in

the connty. i'Vtr a number of years our sub-
ject lived alone, an<l iluring this time had vari-
ous encounters with the Indians, but uuin-
aged to make them afraid of him. In a tight,
which his brother and he had with five Indi-
ans, one of the latter was so badly wounded that
lie died afterward.

Our subject's father learneil the ways of the
savages, an<l found out how to frustrate their
plans. At one time an Indian claimed that
Mr. Pratber should give tlie Indians forty
ponies and lt)() blankets for being on the lanci,
or they would kill him; but Mr. Pratber took
his whip, and caught the Indian by the scalp,
and gave him a severe whipping and sent him
home, lie soon returned and begged for flour
and salt, the llour to eat. while the salt in solu-
tion would cure his lacerated back. At another
time two of the Indians planned to goto his
house at night and kill him, but the squaws
disclosed the plan, and Mr. I'rather was warned,
lie sat with bis rifle in hand in the dark, wait-
ing for bis enemies until they catne, and then
he struck a match and made the Indian who
had ci'ept in give up his knife. He then called
the other one by name, and showed them that
he was able to kill both, but contented himself
with giving the one who bad tried to kill him a
good whipping, and this was the best thing he
could have done. The Indians thought he must
know everything, and after tliis they molested
him nil more. Mr. Pratber served in the Rogue
river war. and was in several fijrhts; was shot
three times, and carried two of the balls to the
end of his life. The ball that wounded the calf
of his leg killed bis mule. He was known as
one of the most daring and brave of the ( >regon
pioneers. As bo advanced in life he became
rich in lands, at one time owning 1,973 acres.

Mr. I'rather married Mrs. Barbara ('arter, a
native of Pennsylvania, the daughter of W.
Derr. She was the widow of .lanu's Carter,
and had a family of three children. They had
come to Oregon in 1847, :'.nd one of her chil-
dren still survives, Elizabeth, novv Mrs. M. W.
Hart, and resides in Malheur connty, Oregon.
Mr. Pratber was a nnin of large business caiiac-
ity, and on his farm raised stock and did a large
luml)ering business. Ho was in politics a
Democrat, but not an ottice-seeke:. Iliswite
diei' December 10, 1880, and his own death
occurred March 19. 1881. They had a family
of seven children; Perry, the elde-.t. ilicd in
his fortieth year; Martha married Jolin W.

ItlSTOHY OF OREGON.

:5«

Siinpson, and resides at Cor.'allis; Jane married
II. T. Hill, of Piiynesville, Cook county, Mar-
tin V^. is in Mallienr county, engaged in the
stock business: Miles Newton is on a part of
tlie old lioinestead; Until K. died in her twenty-
seventh year; and James M. is our suUject.

Our subject, James I'rather, was tiie tliird
son of liis father, and at tlie deatii of tlie latter,
who had divided iiis property between liis chil-
dren, received 440 acres, a part of this being
some of the old donation claim, lie was reared
on tlie farm, attended school at lUieria Vista,
and October 13, 18S(), lie married Miss Sueanah
McLain, a native of Missouri, born Uecember
11, 18f;2, a daughter of J. A. McLain. They
came to Oregon in 1864, and reside in Marion
county. Mr. and Mrs. I'rather have a family
of bnt one cliild, Herman L. The wife of our
subject is a member of the EvaTigelical CJhurch.
lie is a member of the I. (). (). F., and in poli-
tics lie is a Democrat. He now engages in
general farming and the raising of Shorthorn
cattle, and for several years he has carried on
steam threshing for this part of the county.
This has been a very profitaljje venture. He is
an intelligent and capable man, a native son of
Oregon, and a fine representative of the sons of
Oregon pioneers. •

I^TKJH NICKEFwSON, an Oregon pioneer
of 1851, and for the past twelve years an
honored resident of Albany, was born near
Zanesvillo, Ohio, in 1818. Of I.is life and
ancestry the following record is mui'.':

Mr. Nickerson's parents, Hugh and Rebecca
(I'lanchard) Nickcirson, were natives of Massa-
chusetts and Connecticut, respectively, and were
descended from the Puritans. They emigrated
to Ohio in 1815, when settlers there were few
and far apart, and in a little log cabin began
married life in true pioneer style. Mr. Nicker-
8on was a carpenter, and Oiked at his trade in
Zanesvillo and MariottF.. Educational advan-
tages were theti limited, and Hugh, .Ir.. instead
of going to school, began when a mere boy to
work at the carpenters' trade with his father.
At the age of twonty-otie. thi subject of our
gketch was united in marriage lo Miss Sarepta
Parrish. daughter of Edward Parrish, an Oregon
pioneer of 1847. Alter his marriage I'e settled
near Zanesvillc, and continued work at his trade

there until 1851. That year he joined the
westward tide of emigration. He purchased a
v.'agon ruul live yoke of cattle, and with his fam-
ily and earthly possessions, started for Oregon.
The trip was safely accomplished without serious
Iroubk^ from the Indians or loss of cattle, and
after six months of patient plodding, they ar-
rived at Oregon ('ity in September. He then
proceeded to Linn county, and purchased a
claim for 3:i0 acres of land on Albany prairie,
three and a half miles east of Albany, which
h(! began improving, building a comfortable
frame house, and afterward, barns and fences.
There he lived and farmed until 187(1 He
then rented his farm, and moved to the upper
Santiam country, where he purchased a sawmill
and '240 acres of timberland. This mill iie
operated about four years, after which he re-
tired. Comitig to Albany, he purchased ten
acres in the xuithern part of the city, built a
spacious residence, convenient outbuildings,
etc.. "d here he has since lived, enjoying the
fru hi^• years of labor.

Ml Mr. Nickerson have four children:

Belinda, widow of Milton Houston, of casfirn
Oregon; Ellen, wif' if Taylor Propst, a -lock
dealer in eastern Oregon; Palmer, a!-«> in that
pf rt of the State; and \etti(!, who i^- low com-
pleting her education.

Although seventy-four years of age. Mr.
^i ickerson is well-preserved aivl actis'e. ani is
apparently destined to enjoy ui:iny years of
peaceful contentment.

II LINSEV HILL, M. D., .NH' Oregon,
jjln dates his birth in McNair) M'linty. Ton-
>^» nessee, in 1845. His father, Kev. Reuben
(Joleman Hill, was a nativeof Kentucky, a prom-
inent Baptist minister, and a skilled physician.
He was a Democrat, took an active part in pol-
itics, and at various times represented his
county in the State Legislature. He married
Miss Margaret Graham Lair. In 1847 they
removed to Missouri and settled in Harry
county, near Keytesville, where he preached and
practiced medicine until 1850. That year he
crossed the plains to California, riding a mule,
and on his arrival in the Golden State, mined,

f (reached and practiced his profession. The
oUowing year lie visited Oregon. He was so
pleased with this State that in 1852 he returned

WW' ■ ^ ■ ■

Jit if

,i Hi

is "

utsTuur OF uia'nnX.-

to Missouri, and in tlie tapping of 185iJ, witli a
"prairie scbooner" loa.led with his family Uiul
lioust'hoUi goods, ami drawn l)y ox teams, ho
ai^ain pushetl westwani, and after six months
of travel, arri»ed in the AVillaniette valley, and
located in ilenton connty, three iniles west of
Albany, lie piirciiased a claim of 040 acres,
and wliile his sons managed the fjirin, he fol-
lowed his profession. In 1801 he rented iiis
farm and removed to Albany. Hero he ])rae-
ticed his profession nntil 1";''5. when, liis liealth
failing, he retired from active life. lie passed
to ilia reward in 181*1, liis wife )u."ino; preceded
liim about fonr months.

Dr. .1. Linsey Hill was educated in ti.e pub-
lic scliool,- of Albany, and in a commercial college
at rortland. where he received the degree of
AI. A., and at Me.Minnville Colleii;e, the degree
of H. S. was conferred upon him. He also com-
pleted the four yeais" course of the Cliautaufpia
Literary and Scientilic Circle. He learned to
set type, which occupation he followed closi.'ly
four years, and a ])ortioii of that time was a co-
partner with T. i>. Odeneal, now deceased, in
the publication of the (-'orvaliis Gazette. In
180o he began the stuil of medicine with his
father. He sul)sequei ,y entered the medical
department of Willamette University, and grad-
uated in the spring of 1871. lie tiien com-
menced practice with his father, succeeded him
in 187"), and has since been engaged in his pro-
fessioTi here. His successful career as a ])hysi-
eian, and his extensive practice attest his ability
in his ])rofe6sioii.

Tlie Doct<jr was m.irricd in I. inn county in
1870. to Miss Mary I'ennington, a native of
Oregon, and a daughter of exState Senator S.
Af. Pennington, a pioiu-er of 1815. They have
three children: Clyde Lair, Gale Stockton and
f-mily Graham.

. Dr. Hill ha acipiired extensive land inter-
ests, owning 250 acres in I'enton county, 100 i
acres of which he has set to fruit; also a dairy |
farm of 800 acres, adjoining Sodaville. Linn !
county; a stock raiudi in Crook county, and val- I
uable property at Albany, Portland. Yaijuina i
Bay and Astoria. Ho has a large library, em- |
bracing l;Oth medical and scientific works, and is '
himfi'lf a writer of considerable note, his arti-
cles on mental aberrations having been exten- I
sively copied in medical journals and scientific
works. In ])olitic8 he is Democratic, lie has
served his city as .Mayor, and for a nuintier of
terms whs u member of the ("ity (,'onncil. He

ofliciated as Surgecm-tJeneral on the staff of
(Governor Z. F. Aloody; he is now Snrgeon-
(teneral of the Uniformed liank. Knights of
I'ythias, of Oregon. The Doctor ranks with
the leading citizens of Albany and enjoys the
confidence ami esteem of all who know him.

^•^^■.^—

-"^^•^=

OIIN A. CKAWFOIID, Albany's oldest
^Jl and most prominent citizen, was born near
Helfast. Irelatid, February 15, 1815. His
early life was passed on the farm and in the
factory, his father being a wealthy mannfiicturer
of fine linen. Vonng ('rawford remained with
liis parents till their death, and soon afterward.
September 4, 1849, embarked from Li\erpo<d
for America and landed at I'hiladelphia. After
remaining in that city a short time he visited
Pittsburg, Cincinmiti. St. Louis and Lexington,
Alissouri, jiassing the winter of 184'J-'50 at
Waverly, Alissouri, engaged in ciu'pentcr work.
In the spring of 1850 he started for California,
taking six wagons, with from four to six yoke
of oxen to each, and 150 head of Arkansas steers
and sutKcient mules and horses for his assistants
(w ride. They started on the 15tli of Alay, and
after a toilsome journey of nearly five months
landed in Is'evada county with the mo.st of the
stock, which Mr. Crawford sold at a large profit,
oxen bringing .*(20<) pi i- yoke.

Arrived in the (toldcii State, he lik(» nearly
all the new comers of ihat <iay, turned his atten-
tion to the mines. He lirst mined at Boston
Havine ami afterward in other localities, meet-
ing with marked success, and I'enniining thus
engaged until 1852. That year he nnidi! a trip
t(j Oregon and established a ])ack train from
Albany to the California mines, a diitance of
300 miles. His su|iplies were purchased from
the lariners and at Portlainl and shijjped to Al-
bany, and thence by his pack train. He also
bought a fourth interest in the old null on the
Calapooya river, and shipped the Hour to the
tnines. his train in.'iking ten trips p^ i' year and
netting him §1,000 per trip. This lie contin-
ued until about 1855, when he wiiit to eastern
Oregon and began prospecting nn the tribu-
taries of the Columbia ri\er, meeting with fair
success. The Indians, however, were so thick
and liostile that it was dangerous for him to re-
main, and lie returned to the Willamette valley.
He then bought an additional interest in the

:ii i 'i iii>lliii iM i

nisronr of oiiKnoy.

781

old mill, and in 1857 inirclmsed the rest of it.
He conducted this null with jri-eat success, in-
creHsinir ihe run of burrs from one to five and
the ca]iacity from sixty to 300 Imrrels every
twenty-four hours. His •• MHjjfnulia " lirand of
Hour and •• Magnolia self-rising '' tlour, which
l:e invented, became very popular throughout
the Northwest. Jle eontiiiued to run the mill
until LS()7, when he sold out to .1. H. Foster &
Co. and retired from active business, giving his
time to his landed interests and to the raisinif
of fine trotting horses, becoming especially in-
terested ill the latter, breeding from I'laek
Hawk and ^[or<ran stock. He sold carriage
horses for from !?!000 to )S1,500 a pair. With
the completion of the Albany and Santiain
Canal in 187(), which was deeply involved, he
purchased the entire interest and developed the
water privilp(;es. He also engaged with J. II.
Foster in buildino; the city water-works, ulti-
mately purchasing Mr. Foster's interest. In
18HI ho re-jnirehased the millinir property. He
tlien operated the mill and en<ra<red extensively
in the handlinir of wlieat until 1881), when,
tlirongh a painful and dangerous accident, he
was eontined to his bed. He then sold his
mill, water-works and catud to Colonel T. A.
Hi>c^g, president of the Oregon & Pacific rail-
road, for $150,000. Since recovering from his
accident ^^r. Crawford has devoted his attention
to his own ])rivate affairs. He owns 700 acres
of land in I.inn county, and, through his brother
William's estate, 525 acres in lienton county.

Mr. Crawford has been prominently identified
with many of the leading enterprises here. He
was one of the incor|ioi'ators and a director of
the liiuu County National liank of All)any,and
of the Albany Electric Light it I'ower Com-
pany, president of the .Ml>any Ice Works, aiul
a stockliolder (d' the FarmiM's' it Merchants' In-
eurance ('ompaiiy. It was largely through Mr.
Crawford's generous contrii>utioiis that theOre-
gon it I'a(dtic railroad was induced to pass
through .\lbauv, and his financial assistance
has nuiterially aided in establishing churches
and in befriending the needy. His various
enterprises have always proven tinancially suc-
cessful, and, while he never boasts of his superior
liusinoss ability, he is not a bcdiever in luck,
i)ut, rather, ill good nianageuient, and he credits
the secret of his success to the fact that he has
always attended to his own business. He is
widely and favorably known throughout the
raeitie const, and numbers among his wannest

friends many of the prominent financiers of
Portland and San I'rancisco.

Mr. Crawford is a man of liberal culture and
never loses his interest in the de\elo])ment of
the sciences, and particularly the social or po-
litical aspects of the (piestions. He is a man of
the most generous impulses, and, amidst the
many financial successes, which have attended
his life, it has never been poisoned by parsi-
mony or avarice. It is true, lie always reserves
the right to select the objects of his bounty,
but no man of wealth in this State has ever
diffused his benefactions more widely or gen-
erously.

He never could be induced to accept any po-
litical preferment, though often ju-essed by his
friends to accept a seat in the legislative coun-
cils of the State, where he could apply to pub-
lic matters the same business |)rinciples which
had proven so successful in his own private
affairs, l)Ut to no purpose.

And now as a long and prosperous life is
drawing to a close, with a consciousness of duty
well performed, he enjoys the admiration, re-
spect and love of a very large circle of friends,
who still hope that life's twilight may e.xleiid
far into the morning.

J. IRWIN, a iiighly esteemed citizen

of Salem, is a member of the firm of

<» Westacott & Irwin, proprietors of

"Strong's I'loneer Restaurant," and of the lead-

1 ing bakery of the city. He is a native of Logan

j county, Ohio, where he was born in 185."). His

I ancestors located in that county in an early day,

engaging in farming anil stock-raising.

Our subject passed his boyhood with his
parents, improving such educational facilities as
were aff'onled him by this, then, new I'ountry.
When sixteen years of age he found employ-
ment at farm work in the vicinity, and subse-
(juently went still father west, to I'eoria, Illinois,
where he farmed and raised stock until the
8|)ring of 1883. He then started for the I'aciiic
coast, locating in Portland, where he was era-

floyed as an attendant in the private asylum of
)r. Hawthorn, remaining there until the pa-
tients were removed to the State rrisane Asylum
at Salem, to which ])laee he accom|)'iiiied them,
and remained in tlu^ institution the following
year. At the end of this time he purchasecj

762

lirSTOHY OF OHKaoy.

t!i::!

IH-.

123 acres of land, located twelve iniles from I
l\)rtlaiid, where lie was employed in farming
until the spring of 1885. lie then returned to
the State Insane Asylum, to till the otliee of
steward, remaining tiiere until Xoveml)er 1, ,
1892, when he resigned to take an active ])art
in the Imsiness of Westacott it Irwin, which had
been organizeil a year previously.

Tiiuir restaurant and bakery is located at 271
Commercial street, with a branch store on State
street. They employ twenty hands in the sev-
eral departments, and have two wagons con-
stantly engaged in delivering their supplies
about the city. They are also buildiui; up a
hirge trade as manufacturers of candy, mak-
ing some of the finest confections to lie found
anywhere.

Mr. Irwin was married in Portland, in 1884.
to Miss Lillie Belie Spcnce, a native of Uma-
tilla county, eastern Oregon, a daughter of the
Hon. Andrew Spence, an eminent pioneer of
the State.

lie is a meml)er of Ciiemeketa Lodge,
(I. (). O. F.), in which he takes a prominent
])art.

Ohio may well feel proud if all of her sons
do as well as the one whose life we have had
the pleasure to chronicle. Sober, industrious,
and intelligent, lie has accumulated a comfort-
able supply of this world's goods, which he dis-
penses with judgiTieiit and libendity, always
contributing generously to any worthy object,
especially one tending to benefit his favorite
city or State.

fl). I'.ENNETT, Postmaster at Ilarrisburg,
was born in Fayette county, (Jiiio, in
» 1840. His parents, .John and I'liiebe
(Getts^ Bennett, were natives of Virginia and
Pennsylvania, respectively, luit were married in
Ohio, where both settled in early life, .loseph
making the journey on horseback in 18il(). He
was a mechanic by trade and he remained in
Fayette county until 1850, when he removed
witii his family to Clark comity, Illinois, and
engaged in farming and stock-raising, wliieh
business he is still engaged at.

.1. I). Bennett remaineil with his parents en-
gaged in the work of the farm up to 1870. He
then followed farming and stock-raising on his
own account lor three years anil then hold out
and passed the following years in travel, land-

ing at Ilarrisburg, Oregon, in September,
1877. He accepted a positior. \'.\ the Hour
mills of Smith & Briggs and was there em-
ployed until 1883, when he secured a clerkship
witli Ham McCulley and remained with his
successor, .lerry Hay, until 1884. He then
])assed abont two years in eastern Oregon and
California; returning to ilarrisburg he accepted
a position in the drug store of J. P. Schaoling,
and remained until the spring of 1888, wlien
he was appointed Postmaster of Ilarrisburg,
under the Cleveland administration, and entered
into the discharge of his duties on the 19th of
May. He then started a grocery store which
he has continued. As Postmaster his services
were so acceptable to the people that no change
was m.ado under the Harrison administration.
Mr. Bennett was married in Ilarrisburg, Jan-
nary 10, 1882, to Caroline Hyde, of Oregon,
and daughter of Perry Hyde, a pioneer of Ore-
gon of 1851. They have two children, Eliza
and Bulo. The family resides on the corner of
Third nid Territorial streets, where Mr. Ben-
nett uwnsa very comfortable cottage home.

fUDGE JOSHUA J. WALTON, an active
representative of the legal profession at
-1^ Eugene, is a native of Rushville, Kush
county, Indiana, born April (5, 1838. His
father, J. J. Walton, was born in Connecticut,
but in early life removed with his parents to
Ohio, and remained there until 1832, when he
pushed westward and settled at Rushville and
engaged in the trade of shoemaking. He
was married to Miss Anna M. Shuckly and
remained at Iliishville until 1842, and then
went to Van Biiren county, Iowa, and in 1849
crossed the plains to California, making the
journey with no serious accident and landing
at Fremont on Sacramento river on October 1,
having iiecii six months upon the road. His
oxen being in good condition he tiien began team-
ing to the mines and in the spring of 1850 he en-
gaged in farming ' ear l^'reniont. until tiie spring
of 1851, when he made a prosjiecting tour
through the State of Oregon, and in the fall of
1851 removed his family to Vreka and engaged
in mining with fair success. He located his
donation claim, in 1852, in southern Oregon, on
Wagner creek, .lackson county. He also pur-
chased a pack train, which he ran from Scotta-

niSTOHY OF OliEOON.

7(i;)

■4

burg to Yrc'ka and JHcksouville. When tlui
Indian troubles of 1853 liroke out he re-
moved liis t'ainily to Green valley in Unip(]ua
eouiity.lint continued his j)ackini5 until the Indian
warof 1S55, when he sold Ids train and and eii-
gai^ed in farniingand stock-raising in Green val-
ley until 185f:i, then sold out and removed to
Euafene for the educational advantages for his
eiiildron. In 1802 he went to the Salmon river
mines, meeting with marked success, hut suh-
sequently investing at Silver City lost iieavily
and in the fall of 1805 returned to Eugene
and followed mercantile life until 1885, when
he retired, but is still living aged eighty-one
years, and his wife is still living, too, aged sev-
enty-six years.

Joshua J. Walton began his education in
Iowa and followed his studies by himself in
Jackson county, while engaged as rider on the
back of the bell animal of his father's pack
train. In the Ump(]ua lie attended a |)rivate
sciiool taught by \'ictoria Stratton. and tlie
public school taught by J. L.Gilbert, who en-
couraged him, and he by persevering efforts
(soon outstripped all others in the school. When
he arrived in Eugene he went to Columbia Col-
lege and later to the private school of iJeriiard
Cornelius, where he remained and completed
his cour.se in French, Latin and higher mathe-
matics. He began reading law in tiie office of
lliiey E. Stratton, Circuit Judge of Second Dis-
trict and later under Stuckley Ellsworth, a law-
yer of prominence, and was admitted to the bar
at Salem in 1803, being of tiie first class that
the Supreme ( 'onrt required to be examined in
open court. All of his class were passed and
admitted. Mr. Walton then commenced prac-
lice at Eugene, and has continued with marked
success, having built u|i an extensive and lucra-
tive clientage. In 18()4: he was elected Judge
of Lane county for a term of four years and
was Rubseiiuently appointed by (i()vernor(;rover
to till an unexpired term anil in 187t) was re-
elected to till the same otlice. In 1877 lie was
aiipointcd I'nited States ('ommissioner of the
Second Judicial District, by I'nited States
Judge, Matthew P. Deady, and has continued
the incumbent of that office. With the organi-
zation of the State rniversity. Judge Walton
was president of the Board of Directors and
after the university was erected and turned over
to the State he was elected one of the Board of
l!eg(uits and I'ontinued on the BoanI in that
position for six years. He is still secretary of

that Board. In 1883 he built the Walton l51ock
on Willamette street and owns other valuable
city pro|)crty including Ids resilience on Mill
street between Eighth and Kinth, and four
and one-half acres of land and one-half inter-
est in a stock-farm of 400 acres near Spencer
Butte.

Judge AValton was married in Eugene in
A|)ril. 1806, to Miss Lizzie Gale, of Illinois, who
died iTi 1873, leaving three children, Ada ().,
Clara D. and Ilattie E. He was married again
July 3, 1876, to Miss Emma Fisher, of Indiana,
and they have one child, Pauline.

Judge Walton is a member of the I. O. U. F.
and was a charter member of AVimmahala
Encampment. He has filled the ofiice of
(irand Master of the State and was (irand Uep-
resentative to the Sovereign Grand Lodge at
Baltimore in 1878 and 1879.

tOX. ROBERT S. BEAN.— Among the
young men who have prominently eomo
before the public, and have attained high
honor and distinction for stei'ling qualities, none
have more worthily fulfilled the trusts impo.sod
upon them than has Hon. Robert Sharp IJean.
He was born in Yam Hill county November
28, 1851. His father, ( ). R. Bean, was a native
of Missouri, and came to Oregon in 1853, set-
tling in Yam Hill county, where he was married
to Miss Julia A. Sharp. In 1855 they removed
to Lane county, locating near Eugene City,
where ho resided until liis death in March,
1890.

The youth of R. S. Bean was passed upon the
farm, employing the summer months in tilling
the soil, and the winter ones in cultivating his
mind, improving such educational facilities as
were attbrded by the district school. Thus he
labored and studied until September, 1869. when
he entered the Christian College at Monmouth,
I'olk county, from which he graduated with
honor, in June, 1873. The college since then
has been changed, and is now the State Normal
Scliool of Oregon. He then worked at the car-
penters' trpde until November, 1874, when he
commenced his study of law with the late Hon.
J. M. Tompson, of Eugene City, and was ad-
mitted to the bar in December, 1870. Shortly
afterward he formed a partnership witii Mr.
Tompson, and was associated with him at the

■H f ! !i

704

uisronv of ouKnnrf

SI'

'li '!

I'l 1 ' I

' i

ilatc of liis (Ic'iitli in I'Vln'iiary, 1S82. PVeling
di'Kcient i.i his udiiciitiim, iiiid wisliiiij; t(i uxtend
cortiiiu iiriiiiches, in Si'ptuinl)L'i'. 1877, Mr. I't'im
LMitcrud the istiiti' I'niversity at Eiijj;onn City,
and j^iadiiatt'd in 1878, buinj/ a meniber ol tiie
fii'st class tliat o;i-adiiated from tliat institution.
He continued in active practice until June,
1.SS2. when he was honored by the Uepublican
party witli the nomination to the position of
Circuit .ludi^eof the Second .(udicial District,
to till th(< unexpired term of Hon. .1. V. Wat-
son, who had resiifned to accept the ])Osition of
United States Di .'rict .Vttorney. In 188(5 Judge
Beau was re-elected to the same otlice for the
full term of six years. Before the expiration
of his term, in ISUO, he was nominated and
el(>cted Associate Justice of the Siiiireme (,'ourt,
which position he now occupies, with credit to
himself and honor to the State. Since 1884
he has lieen a memhcr of the Hoard of Regents
of the State liiiversity, aiul also a member t)f the
Executive Committee.

lie was married in Eu<f(<ne City, September,
188(t, to Miss Ina E. Con(h)n, second dauixliter
of Professor TIkjuuis Condon, of the State! i'ni-
versity, who came to Oregon in 1853. as a Con-
gregational missionary, and was so engaged for
many years. Mr. and Mrs. Bean have four
children: Condon K., Ernest (i., Ormtud 11.
and Harold C.

Judge Bean is a member of Eugene l.odge
No. 11, Eugene Chapter, N(j. 10, and Ivan-
hoe Comuuindery, F. it A. M.. and of Eugene
iiodgo, A. (). r. W. He was one of the pro-
moters and iiu'orporatoi's of the Eugene water
works, and has at heart the interests of that
town, wdiich he considers his home, though dur-
ing his term of otlice he resides in Salein. Al-
though among the youngest members upon the
bench, he has made many friends by his many
sterling qualities and his prompt transaction of
the business of the court and his just rulings.
His decisions have been received with great
favor bv the members of the bar.

Iti E S T E li H U 1. 1 \, an Oregon pioneer of
TijLji 18-17, was born on the shore of Uo\uid
T5^ lake, Saratoga county. New Vork, Mandi
22, 1X2;{. The liuliu fan.!!;.- .v:u established
in Anuirica by Captain Alexander llulin, who
emigraied from England iti 18()."i. Walton

llulin, the grandfather of our subject, with his

eldest son, loyally defended the young country

against the I'ritisli during the Itevcdutioii.

I'eter llulin, his son, was born in Dutchess

county, New Vork, lint soon afterward removed

to Saratoga county, wherii he was reared. He

was a volunteer during the war of 1812. Ho

was married ir' Saratoga county to Elizabeth

Smith, of Columbia county. New York, whose

! ancestors came from Holland. In 185() he re-

j moved to Oregan by water and the Isthmus,

I and passed the remaining years of his life in

Lane county.

Lester llulin was educated in Saratoga county
and remained with his parents until twenty-one
years of age. He then started westward, travel-
ing by the lakes and the Erit; canal to Chicago,
and thenc(! by stage and river travel to Henry
county, Iowa, and in the spring of 1845. to St.
I^ouis. Here he nu-t Ccdonel Fremont and
Lieutenant Abert, who were reconnoitering an
expedition to explore the West, and Mr. llulin
engaged with them. The company numbered
about sixty-four men, all were well eejuipped
with ritles, ammunition, horses, mules, saddles,
etc.. wagons to carry the baggage. Tlicy crossed
Kansas to F<)rt Bent, Colorado, and there the
couipany divided, about forty-two men going
with Lieutenant Abert, young llulin being of the
number. Continuing their journey they passed
through New Mexico, northwest Texas, the
Indian Territory and back to St. Louis. They
hail surveyed rivers and watercourses and had
many adventures and hairbreadth escapes. .
Lester then returned to Iowa and passed the
year ISlti. He then decided to go to Oregon,
aTid with two horses, one to ride and one to
pack, he started for St. Joseph, Missouri; so in
the spring of 18-17 he joined an emigrant party,
condueteii by Captain David Davis. Thi! train
was increased to about eighty wagons because
of Indian hostilities. Having had some previ-
our experience Mr. llulin was appointe<l camp
master, and upon him devolved the task of lo-
cating the camp with feed and water facilities,
and with a view to defense. The duty was ably
performed and the company progressed without
serious dittitinlty. They crossed by the south
route, through Utah and Nevada, through Rogue
river valley, by the Goose and IClamath lakes
and through llmpcjua ('anon, and they arrived
at the heaii of the Willamette valley November
1, 1847, after five months of weary travel. Mr.
llulin went on to Benton county, and with the

l> II

aiSrOHY OF OliEOON.

WliitmHn itiii88iiciv ami tlin l)e<^imiiiiif of tliu
(Jiiyiisi! wiir, 111' voluiiti't'i'tMl in tin; cDiiipuiiy of
(,'iiptaiii Joliii Owen iiiiil piiHsed six Tiiiiiitlis in
the WalJH Walla ecHintfy. He oxperieiiccdl
many liiirdsliips from cold and exposure. He
returned to the Willamette valley in .f iily, 1.S4H,
and selected a donation claim, hut hearing of
the discovery of f^uld in Oalifornia, he forsook
all in pursuit of the ifolden niiirj^ets. Crossinif
the Siskiyou mountains, he hegan mining on
Feather river. From there lie went to Siittei''8
fort for supplies and then on to the middle
fork of American river. Here he passed the
winter at "Dry Diggings." Although the
weather was stormy and snow deep he averaged
from S25 to Si{0 a day for the days he worked,
and ill all took out about §1,()()(). In the spring
of 1849 he went down to Sacramento and en-
tered into a iiartnershij) with Captain Smith.
They freighted to (Joloina, making several trips,
and each netted about 84:(tO protit. In July,
184-9. he proceeded to San Francisco and took
passage by the schooner "Ilack.-taff" with Cap-
tain White in command, and started for Oregon.
All went merrily for the first seventeen days,
but the vessel stranded at the iiiouth of the
Rogue river. Mr. Ilulin and the other passen-
gers and crew, thirty-one in number, then
started overland, through the woods, mountains
and hostile tribes of Indians, for the Willam-
ette valley. After twenty-four days of pain-
ful travel they reached their destination after
experiencing dangers and dilhculties and almost
starving to death. Mr. Ilulin, nothing daunted
by previous experiences, started l)ack in a short
time to California, and resumed mining. Ho
did not remain very long, but went again to
San Fransisco and again embarked on the "Ann
Smith." (reorge II. Flanders was in command.
This time the journey was made in safety and
Mr. Ilulin arrived in Portland after unite a
lonj; trip. In fact, the vessel made such slow
proijress up the Columbia river that Mr. Hulin
and three or four others, hired a small boat and

f addled themselves up the Columbia river to
'ortland. From there he went back to Lane
county and located a claim for32() acres, ten miles
north of Eugene. Here he farmed and raised
stock until 1880, when he removed to Eugene
and bought his present residence on High street,
between Seventh and Eighth streets. Mr. Ilulin
still owns his donation claim, which he has in-
creased by purchase to 403 acres. He has also
320 acres in Linn county, near Ilarrisburg, be-

side improved properfy in Eugene. Hi' has
reiired from active busiiiess, and is only en
gaged in looking aftt'r his property inter. '^fs
and the wants of his family. He is a meniiier
of no society and has but little to do with ]ioli-
tics, but is a devout member of the Methodist
Church and an honorable inhabitant of the city
of Eugene.

He was married December 1, 18.o3, to Miss
Abbie ,1. (!raig. of Michigan, who departed this
life .fnly 3, 1892, to a

"Heavenly rest; sweet rest;

Where sickness, sorrow, jiain and death

Are felt and feared no more."
They have four children: Charles S.. .-Vmiii",
now Mrs F. A. Tozier; Simuel A. and Lesterti.

iNDIlKW W. POWEI'vScame to Oregon
in 18r)2, having been born in SulUvau
^.,p_ county, Missouri, December 26, 1841.
His father, David I'owers. was a native of New
York, who emigrated to Indiana and was there
married to MIl-s .fnlia Ann Tiiley, and they lo-
cated in Missouri and engaged in forming for a
short time, and then moved to Iowa, about
1848. and then, with the emigration of 1852,
Mr. Powers joined his interests with them, and
with necessary supplies, together with his wife
and eight children he set out. with an ox team,
on that long and perilous journey across the
plains. This journey was very dangerous this
year as the Indians were very hostile and chol-
era prevailed. By using every precaution the
journey was safely accomplished, and the family
arrived at Portland without losing a member.
Mr. Powers located 320 acres west of the town.
The land was heavily timbered and he had to
cut his way out. Their first home W!>s the
proverbial fog cabin, which was subsequently
replaced by a frame house, and there Mr. Powers
resided and farmed until his death, in 1863.
During the early days their only connection
with Portland was by a narrow trail, and all
supplies were packed out or taken up by row-
boat or canoe. After the death of Mr. Powers
the place was sold and the family removed to
Portland. A full account of the remarkable
experiences of the family would fill a large
volume.

The education of our subject was chiefly con-
ducted by his mother around the evening light,

Ill

1 ,»

HISTORY Oh' OHKOUN.

HR his <la,V8 woru occupieil upon the fnriii. Upuii
"I'liioviiig to I'lirtlatid, in IHtl'i, Mr. I'owers en-
ti'ivd into pnrtiii'rslii|) witii W. II. HiittH itnd
tiiov t'Htal)liniir(l tluM )ri'i4on niout nmrkut, wliicli
WH8 .-old out alli'i' one yjiir. and our Kuliji'ct licgan
I'Dtitractin^' iiliont tiii^ city, nnlil 1S(')4, wIjcii lie
oniistL'd ill Coiupany D, Fir^t Ori'ican Iiilaiitry,
(Japfaiii Wiiliiiiii I'owfll inid CoIoiil'I (hurt')- in
(•(i!iiiiiiiiid. Tiit'v wt're font to Idalio to (jucU
till- liiilianH and the caiii|(iiig!i was very ai'tive,
until 1S()(!, wlicn tiie rt'ifiini'itt was discliarijtHi.
Mr. I'owurs then returned to Orejron and en-
ffiiged in the car|)eiiter iiusiness, and in 18S5
entered into j)artner>liip with (Tiorjte W.
I'rown, in j^eneral coiitraetin^ in liriek and tiaine
buildiiiif. Tiiey were the contractors of
the Ahinirton hkjck and other hiisiness )iroper-
ties, and tor four years were anionfi the kadin<r
hufiness firms of tiie city. In issy thej closed
their business and Mr. I'owers enoaged in real-
estate l)Usiness, liandlin^' their own property
only. He is also a shareholder in the Wheeler
Trust ('oni|iany, who own 2,1(K) acres ',f t'ariii
land, at OaUand, Oregmi, which they are snh-
dividiii^ into tracts of forty acres and selling as
fruit ranches.

lie was married in I'ortland, in 187B, to
Miss Melissa I'rown, daughter of (i. W. Brown,
a pioneer of 1854. Mr. and Mrs. I'owers have
thlte children : Minnie M., (ieoifje (.!. and Roy
( ). Mr. P(.wer8 is a ineinher of the (ieorge
"Wiiglit I'nst. (;. A. R. and the A. O. U. W.
and is a I{e|)ulilican in Politics. He resides at
No. (Kjo iSixth street, in aheautiful home which
he built in 1877, and has since iniprovetl and
enlarged.

tON.A. W. I'.VTTEUSON, M. 1).. an
Oregon ])ioneer of 1852 anil the (ddcst
iiiedli-al practitioner of Lane county, was
horn near Fiecport, Armstrong county, I'eiin^yl-
vania, Octobei' i, 1814. His parents, Andrew
and Jane (Lindsey) Patterson, were both natives
of the same State, where their ancestry I'lom
Scot land i-ettled |U'e\i(nis to the Revolutionarv
war. His grandfather, .Iiihii Piittersmi, then a
resident of I'ucUs county, Penii.--ylvania, served
under (ireMeral Washington in various cam-
paigns, and died while in the service.

A. W. Patterson was educated at the West-
ern I'liiversity at Pittsburgh, and sub6e(^uently
studied medicine under Dr. Joseph P. Gazzam,

n prominent pliysician of Pittsburgh. He grad-
uated from the Pennsylvania Oollege of Medi-
cine at Philadelphia in 1841. He then engaged
in various oe(Mipatiiins, including about one
year of practice in (ireentield, Indiana, ami in
18r)2 he joined the wi'sterii tide of einigratioii
and crossed the plains to (Jregon, direct to Lane
county, and l>icate<l a donalion claim near
Eugene, but as no medical practice oti'ereil frmii
the thinly settled country, he engaged in sur-
veying, ami several Government contracts in
Oregon and Washington were Huccessfully ex-
ecuted. He also jM'rfcirnied the work as ordered
by the county coinmi.-sioners, and laid out the
town of KugeiKf City in 1853. In 1854 he
was eli'cted to rejircseiit Lane county in the
Territorial Legislature. He served in the Uoguo
river war of 1855-'5() as First LitMitenant, and
subsequently as Surgeon in the medical depart-
ment. He iiiade a trip East in 1857, and on
his return next year he entere<l the Siirveyor-
(leiierars oHice at Eugene as chief (derk. and
filled that position until 18();3, when he resumed
the practice of medicine, in which he is still
engaged. In 1870 he was nominated and
elected by the Democratic party to the hon-
orable office of State Senator, to serve four
years, and in 1874 he was actively instrumental
in locating the Oregon State University at
Eugene City. About 1874 Mr. Patterson was
engaged upon a series of school books, and the
speller and lirst three readers were adopted
according to his miinnscripts, and were gener-
ally used thronjjhout the schools of the Pacilic
coast for a number of years. In 1882 he was
elect(>d as County Sujierintendent of Schools, an
ofHce for which he was eminently tittec), and
excepting two years he has been continuously
re-elected, and he is the ])reseiit iiiciiiiibciit.
Dr. Patterson has also engaged in agricultural
])ursuit8, and he is the possessor of 107 acrc^s of
land on Patterson island, where in 1H77 iie-
planted tVu'ty acres in hops, it then being the sec-
ond bop yard in the county. Py iiii|i()rtiiig and
improving he has many new varieties and has
done much towaril ileveloping the hoji indu.'-try
throughout the Stat(>, and is still in that occii-
iiatioii. He also owns fourteen acres adjoining
Eugene, and in 1863 built his residence there,
then in the country, which by increased settle-
ment has since become the corner of Eleventh
and Ililyard streets.

\h' was married in P^Uirene, in 185'J, to Miss
Amanda C. Olinger, of Iowa, and daughter of

lllsroiiY OF OltKOON.

7(17

Abnim ()lin)^er wlio, with liin fmiiily, criinsed
till' |ilrtins ill 1848 witli liio tii>t wai,'oii tniin
tiiiit reiu'lieil the (Joliiinipiii riviT. Thuy havt-
tivo ciilldreii: Aiij^iistn; Aiiiiii, wife of Lewis
II. Potti'r; Mil, Cly'le ami llattle.

Dr. ratt(M'8i)ii i^ a iiieiiilici' of 1''. & A. M.
Tiiougji sevt'iity-ei^iit years olil, the Doetor is
stiil actively eiigaircd in condiictiiifr ids iimny
enterprises, and lie lias ijcen a prominent leader
ol' Lane county.

^-(B^-^

)A U K S. lS K I F F. — Ainonc- tlie yoiine
proltfssioiial iiieii ot Oreifon, none are
more skillful tlian Murk S. Skiff, dentist
ami piuetitionerof the eity of Salem, llisfather,
L. S. Skiff, was a pioneer in the practiee of den-
tistry in the State of Orei^on. lie was horn in
Syracuse, Xew York, in 1822, his aiieestiy lie-
in^ niirnlienid anion"; the I'nritan settlers of
New England, the name lieing perpetuated in
Connecticut, and Skiff mountain bears the family
name. L. S. Skiff' «as educated in the district
schools of his <lay and then studied dentistry in
Ids native town. With the gold excitement of
California he started for that El Dorado, hy sail
ing around Ca])e Horn, arriving in San Fran-
cisco oil the 17th of Septenilier, 1849. The har-
bor was a scene of great activity, as upward of
800 vessels lay straininci; at their anchors, nianj
ef '.vhich v.-ere deserted, while their occupants
had gone to the mines. Subject followed the
tide of eniiji;ration and wtjnt to Wood's diggings,
subsequently visititij; other diggings of north-
ern California, and followed miiiiiif; and store-
keeping for several years, resnmiiiii; his prides-
sioii in 1857, in Californin ami W^ashington, and
in .Inly, 1858, he opened an office at Saieiri,
Oregon, where he has been continuously en-
gaged to the present time. Me stands very hii;h
in the profession, liavinjf built up an extended
reputation, his patrons coininjj to him from long
distances. He lias always been foremost in im-
proved facilities for conducting his business and
in February, 1874, he was one of the first in the
United States to adopt the {ir^a of the water
motor and to JijJply the power to his business in
usiiijjfit with his burring machine for cleaning
teeth. In 1885 he built his present office at
251) Liberty street, whicdi is conveniently ar-
ranged with waiting, toilet and operating rooms,
with laboratory in the rear, and two water mo-
tors to facilitate operations.

He WHS married in Linn county, in 18.'!), to
Miss Mary L. (iarilner, of .Missi>sijipi. 'I'liev
have six childiiii: Nettie A., now .NIrs. S. W.
.MeFadden; William F., a jeweler at I'ortlaiid;
Mark S., Kstella M., Frank's., and I'earl,

Dr. Skill' was an execMitive mi'iiiber ot tint
Oregon State Dental Society for several years,
and a member of the City (Joinxdl of Salem.

Marks. Skiff was born in Salem, .lune 4,
18()5, and educated in the public schools cd' that
eity and at the Willamette University, lie then
took up the study of denti-'try, under the wise
guidance of his father, with wIkhh he is still
connected, and the dfnitistry parhuv of I.. S.
Skiff it Son are ri^jiresentative in the city of
Salem.

He was married in Salem, .Tune 17, 1801, to
Miss Ada t.'alvurt, of Salem. He is connected
with no fraternal societies, but being deeply in-
terested in his ])r(d'essioii, he is an earne.~t stu-
dent and careful operatiu', and merits the hij;h
reputation which he lia- established.

flFOlWK II. (COLLIER, LL. I)., Professor
r of Physics and Chemistry at the Llnivei'
I sity of Oregon, was JKirn in Nimi, Chan-
tanijiia county, Xew York, in 18:27. His
father, (Tcorge Collier, was a native of Aber-
deen, Scotland, and emigrated to America in
early inaidiood, with the purpose of acting as
a missionary to the Indians, but through finan-
cial reverses settled in Chautamiua county and
eiii^aged in farming. Ho iiiari'ie(l Miss Susan
W. Haskell, of Vermont, who was descendi:d
from Ptiritan ancestry. She was allied by fam-
ily connection to the distinguished lievidution-
ary Generals Starke and Putnam. Mr. Collier
was protninent in the Baptist Clinrch, often
holding meetings where there were no regidar
services. The Collier family are very much
scattered, and as business men or missionaries
are settled in Ceylon, China. South .\meriea and
Australia. In the family of our siiliject there
were seven children, all of whom lived to mature
years, six of whom still survive. (leorge H.
was educated at Westtield Academy in Chau-
tauqua county and at the State Normal School
at Albany. This was the second normal school
established in the United States, and young
Collier graduated in 1847, a member of the
fifth graduating class. He began teaching at

11:

il! !

7iJS

IIISTOUY OF OHKOOX.

Mie Hire (if lii^vi'iiti'i'ii year!*, and tliiis |mMl nil
Hi'liool i'X]it'iirtcH. II i^ fiitlicr ohly aiiiid liiiii ti>
tlif ainiiiiiit of $50 wliili! in tliu iioriiial xcliool,
".lid of Isi.'j wliili- ill (>l)(irliii ('ollt'gt«. Tliiit col-
icf^n ill ( Mifiliii, Oliio, was one nf tiii^ iiinHt
)ii'{iiiiini'iit iinti slavery collii^c,-. of that |i('i'i(i I.
Mr. (.'olIiiT paid Ills ('ojli'gf i'.\|ifiisiv- liy teach-
ing ill the prt'paratory ilcpai'tiiii'iit, anil had so
ilcciiit'd a taste for niatlii'iiiatics that lie frc
(puMitly taught thu inatlicinatical classes during
the ahsence of the reijlllar |H'ol'essor. lie grail-
iiateil at the college in 18S;j, with the degree of
A. I!., and in IHotJ received the iJigree of A. Nf.
After gnidiiiitiiig he first taught in the Michi-
gan Ceiitial llaptist College, and in lS5('> wab
called to the chair of Mathematics of Wheaton
College, at Wiieatoii, Illinois, lie there re-
mained for ten years, and in IStiti he went
under a|)[iointiiuMit to the I'aeitic University at
Forest Grove as I'rofessor of Natural Sciences,
and in 1S71 I'.c was elected trustee of the iini-
VI rsity, and held the olHce for twenty year.s.
Ill- was elected to the Lei.'islature liy the Ue-
puhlican party in ]872. lie was then ajjpointed
chairman of the Committee on Kdiication. and
with aid of others, he draftinl a hill which pro-
vided a larger sch jid fund hy increased ta.\atioii,
and also established the oftice of Superintendent
of Piihlio Instruction, which was carried. In
187t) lu^ went to Willamette I'niversity. and a,-*
I'rofessor of Mathematics and Natural Scienci;s
reinaine(i tor three years, and in 187'.i was called
to the I'liiversity of ()rLi;on and elected Pro-
fessor of Chemistry and Physics, which chair
he continues to fill. In XHH'A the degree of
LL. I), was Conferred upon him hy theNehraska
I'niversity. and in 1884: the degree of Ph. I),
hy the Pacific University.

The profe.-sur owns eight acres of valuable
jiroperty near the university, and upon it has
erected a residence convenient to his fielil of
labor. Though sixty year.'? of age. lie retains
his youthful spirit of geniality and enthusiasm,
and with his knowledge and research, i.^ an able
educator and entertaining companion.

Professor (Jollier was married at Oberlin, in
1863, to Miss Sybil Smith, of Augusta. Maine.
They have had seven children, namely: Ilattie
L., wife of Joel McCormack, a proniinenf
farmer near Florence; Charles M., gradiiat(! of
Oberlin College and a lawyer by profession, but
following surveying asCounty Surveyor of Fane
couiitv, Oregon; (Jeorge. farmer at Warsaw.
New York; liobert O., graduate of the Uni-

versity of Oregon, Hiid assistuiit to the Inspec-
tor of United States Surveys; Arthur J., also
n graduate of the University of Oregon, and
I>eputy County Surveyor of Lane county;
David li., graduate* of Worcester Polytechnic
Institute, and now draughtsman for the Iley-
ward Manufacturing Company at (iardiner,
Mll^^acllusetts; and Mary IF, attending the
university.

I>. WAIT holds a Worthy position aiiioii);
^llji^ the pioneers (d' Oregon, and was closely
'' connected with the early Indiiin history
of the State. He is a native id' lH)stoii, Massa-
chusetts, born duly 27. 18i{4. His ancestors
were Welsh and among the early settlers of New
Kngland. and were connected with literary work
anil the printing business. His father. Fee VV^iit,
married Miss Susannah Stiirr and emif^iated to
Itiind county. Illinois, in 1818, and occupied
for two years the positimi of Territorial printer,
tlu'ii returning to Poston in 183t>, removed with
his family to Illinois, where ho was engaged in
farmiiiir until his death in 18()('>.

T. Pi. Wait improved the meager facilities for
education of that day, and at the ago of fourteen
began learning the carpenter--' trade, which he
continiieil successfully until 1853. when he
joined the tide of emigration, crossing the plains
to Oregon. The journey was slow and tedious,
but the last 500 miles was more e.Kciting and he
had to make that part of the journey on foot; he
and three companions. They had hut limited
supplies and only one blanket. They traveled
by day and hid theinselves from the Indians hy
night, and thus among niaiiy hardships com-
pleted their journey, arriving in Oregon in Oc-
tober of the same year. Mr. Wait then located
in Polk County, pre-empting; 100 acres of land,
seven miles northwest of Salem, subsequently
adding 320 acr.?s thereto, where he continued
farming until 1870, then leased his farm and
removed to Salem, engaging in the feed buoiness,
later taking up hardware and agricultural im-
|)lenients, which he followed until 1885, and
then retired from active business, lly has since
subdivided his farm property, and under the
name of Nobh Hill tract is offering it for sale in
small holdings. In 1855 and 1850 he was en-
gaged in the Vakiiiia Indian war, which e.\tended
over the entire northwest country. Mr. Wait

i MuUMHUiWJ^ I ULUI i .-IHW

UlsrOHY OF OHKOON.

7(10

enlisted in Coinpaiiy (r, of ()yi\^un\ MountiMl
\'(iliiMt<'orr*, Illicit^' Captiiiii Wvw Iluyileii, l)iit w\m
siiljsiMjimntly [iroinotcd to Second Lieiltemincy of
(-'oinpatiy Iv, Wiirtliiiif^toii Mounted Volmitoorii.
Tlusy weriuMiifiiijed in iniuiy sixirnu^dieH, lint tiio
first heavy ti>{lit that liiiMitenant Wait wan in
was the (rniiid Ivonde Valley on .inly lli, ISolJ,
where for thirty miles they enf^ajfed in a running
H>;ht. in IS.")!} ( reneral 1. I. Stephens aetin<^ In-
dian ai^ent, and (iovt'rnor of Washington Terri-
tory, formed a treaty witii the Ne/. I'erces In-
dians; l)iU other tribes not treating and mnrdcrs
of white men being committed the war broke out
in the fall of 185.'). After the battle of (rrand
Itonde Valley, ISth ami lUth of .fnly, 185((, a
council was held in Walla Walla valley, iastini^
lor thirteen days, whicdi resulted in no satisfac-
tory settlement and which culminated in the
battle of Walla Walla, on Se|)tember 19, IH"))),
which was the decisive battle of the (iampaign.
Mr. Wait served tlirougiiout the war with great
liravery, and l)y coolness and knowledge of In-
dians saved his companions from great loss in
the (irand Uonde and Walla Walla battles. He
was in command of the last detacliment of troo|)s
t') leave the field, which came down the Oohim-
bia river and were disbande(l at Vancouver.

In 1870 Mr. Wait was nominated on the Dem-
ocratic ticket and elected Mayor of Salem, and
his popularity, witii the pBo|)le was manifest in
1882, wlusn he was a|)pointed a member of the
Republican (lommon (!ouncil, by a iinaniuKius
vote to till a vacancy caused l)y death. For about
nine years he was a memlier of the volunteer
tire department and for two years served as
chief.

Mr. Wait lias been married three times and
has four children living: Olive S., now Mrs.
Henry Shoemaker; Mary A., now Mrs.,!. B. Put-
man ;Hnne D. and Thomas ().

He is a member of the Pacific Lodge, No. 50
F. & A. M. He now resides in Salem, engaged
in the real-estate business, giving particular at-
tention to the sale of his own property.

-^^mn^mW'^

fAMES L. STEWARD, an esteemed Oregon
pioneer of 1852, and a prosperous farmer
of Yam Hill county, was born in Indiana,
December 21, 1834. lie is of Scotch descent,
his ancestors having emigrated from the Land
of the Thistle to America previous to the liei^o-

lution. One of the family, William Steward,
served in the war of 1812, iind'-r (/ommodore
i'erry, and Uncle Samuel Steward fought at the
battle of New Orleans, The father of the sub-
ject of our sketch, John Sti^ward, was born in
New York State, in 1802. He married ('atha-
rino Oatlin, a native of New .iersiiy, who was
also a descendant of early settlers of the colo-
nies. They had eleven children, of whom the
j subject of our sketch was the seventh.

He was reared in his native State and in Illi-
nois, and worked on the farm, and attended the
district school at intervals for a short time, his
educatioiial facilities being much curtailed. He
lost his mother when he was but four years of
age, in 1838, and was also ilcprived (d' his fu-
tlier eight year.- later, in ISKi. They had scst-
tled on the Wabish in 1810, ami were frontier
people most of their lives, einiiiring the hard-
ships and deprivations incident to all |iionecrs.
Thus (loul)ly deprived at the age of twelve
years, one of a numerous family of children, lie
was early obliged to depend on his own resour-
ces, which, happily for him happened to be
many.

The fame of the West having reached the
vicinity in which he lived, he naturally turned
his eyes iti the direction of the setting sun.
Accordingly, in 1852, at the age of eighteen,
we find him driving an ox team for his board,
across the dreary waste of plains to Oregon.
He <lrove every day e.xcept one half day, the
journey consuming several inunths. It was a
terrible year for emigrants, whose ranks were
decimated by the fearful ravages of the cholera.
Strong men succumbed by hundreds, and were
buried by the wayside. Mr. Steward himself,
saw five persons die insidy of an hour, and it
made the stoutest heart qnail and wish to be
back in the States. The only alternative was to
press forward, which they did with all possible
speed. The Indians sometimes drove off their
cattle, but they followed and recovered them.

Upon arriving at the Dalles, he, with others,
drove stock down the Columbia river, and, los-
ing their way, they suffered greatly of hunger, and
also became infested with vermin, so mnch so,
that Mr. Steward threw .away their clothes, and
when he arrived in Portland had on a very poor
suit and 1^1 in money in his pocket. He
reached the metropolis on September 10, and
on the IStli arrived in La Fayette.

He spent the first winter with his sister and
brother-in-law, and hunted for a living, killing

170

lUsroliY OF OliKOON.

iimny det'r. The fainily lived on IniilcMl whcKt
iiiul vt'iiison most of the tiiiii", wheat l)eiMij ^(i a
l)iishel, and tliey i'X|)ei'ieiieed very closi' timet;.
I!<', later, went on Ids bnitlier-iii-law's farm,
working tor 1dm, liitnted, dr 'vu stock and liroke
liorsej;, and was attired in l)m'k>kin pants and
nnieeasin«. He remained tliere nnlil 1S85,
when he enlisted in tiie Indian \\ar with A. J.
Jlemiiree, whom he hel)ied to elect ca|itain.
He was told that he was too yc iiufir t'> enlist,
lint that was just a scheme to make him re-
main at home and take care uf his sister, hut
he [lersisled in i;oin<j. an<l wor!;ed for tlie (tov-
ernment, Kreakin^' horses and carrying express,
the latte;- employment lieing followed , t all
ti nu^s, day ah;! nijjlit.

In 1!S5S, and alter the close of the war, he
pre-empted ninety-three acres of laml in the
N'ortherii Vam Hill valley, located on the east-
ern bank of the Vam Hill I'iver. Here he built
a cabin, and lived alone for three years.

Wearyino, however, of sinj^le blessedness, he
married, on Septeuiber ^(i. ISCtl, Aliss Klzina
Olds, an estimable lady, and a luitive of Indiana.
She was a daughter of Mr. IJuel Olds, an es-
teeniel pioneer of 1844. He and liis wife
settled on Mr. Steward's claim, where they have
since continued to reside. In 185H Mr. Stew-
ard built a large and comfortable farm resi-
dence, and otherwise improved (he |)laee, mak-
ing of il an attracli\e and pleasant home. In
l^^i} Mrs. steward's father ilied, aged s<ventv-
two years, and she lost her mother two years
later, in \.>i^ii. Thi' (dd ihiiuition claim of" her
parents is 1'>jw owned by herself and brothers,
liesides th'-', Mr. Steward owns 200 acres of
the choicest land in the valley, ami is numbered
among tin' prosperous farmers of the county.

Mr. Steward cast his first vote for Stephen
A. Douglas, but when t!ie rebels tired on Fort
Sumter, he joined the I'nion and Republican
ranks, thus following the example of his ances-
tors, wlio ave figured in all the wars of ihe
country.

A brother, (yaptain Uobeit Steward, eidisti 1
August 1, 18fi2, in Compa.iy D. One Ilundreo
and 'I'wenty-liflh Illinois N'olunteers, and was
elected Captain of the Company, and served
under Sheridan. He participateil in n)any of
the battles in which the Ihuon forces clistin-
guislied themse'ves. At the battle of I^owlint;
(ireen. he was disabled, and was honorably dis-
charjied. T'.iis brother was also an (Jrecon
[douuur, and has the honor of having built the

tirot railroad in the State. This was at Portajje
of the Cascades, used lor transferring freight
and jiassengers. The rails were of wood and
the cars were drawn by mules. Captain Stew-
ard uevei' fully recovered from the effects of
disease coiiti'acted in the army, and ihe brave
patriot iu)w lies in a dying coi-dition at his
brother's house. He belongs to that imble
throng of fast disappearing participants in the
terrible conflict between brothers of the same
country, his side ot wliich struggled to elevate
humanity, and plant liberty's banners on the
glorious ramparts of the nation. Nobly have
they done, and their worthiness id' the jji'atitude
of the ])eople is jiroclaimed, by not only the
4,O0(),(M)O slaves of former days, but by all
clnoiipions of right ,he world over.

It would be ilisappointiiig indee«l, were
James L. Steward t(i prove a renegaik" to tiie
traditions of his tamih", who have esponeed the
cause of justice, and ilie<l rejoicing in in-r cause.
On the contrai'v. he is a W(U'thy standard hearer
of his ancestors and his country, and desei'ving
of the highest esteem of his fellow-men.

% ^S» ■ ' •" — ■ *» "I " — r .i.. ^ ^ ^ -§

fABlilTUS li. SMITH, one of the succes^-
S fal pioneer farmers of Marion county, and
still residii'L. upon the section laiul. which
pu'Tiiased ii l;SJ-7, was born in Rochester,
New V(U'k, il. I'^iy. The incidents of the days
of his youth are still Fresh in his menuiry.

May 17, lS4tt, in coinj)any with Joseph
Waldo, he set (jut upon the long jounu'V across
the plains, arrived safely, and since then has
been a resident at the place mentioned.

tONOKAliLK UOliKUTV. SIKHIT, one
of the highly respected citizens of Wil-
sonville, Clackamas county, Ore-fon, ami
a pioneer of 1847, has been a iiromim nt factor
in deieloping ;.iieresources of this section of
the country.

He was born in Fayette township. Allegimny
coiintv, I'ennsylvaiua, March iil. 1828. His
gramlfather, wlio whs of Knglish Irixh descent,
emigrated lo America in 1792, and tiie deed to
his property was secured from riie (■ominon-
weallii (d I'ennsylvania. Th(> parents id' our
subjttct, Jaiiibs and ICIuunor (Mci'.irland) Short

UISTOIIY OF OIIEOON.

771

were natives of Peniisylvaiiiji. In 1823 tli(fy
removed to Iticlilaiid county, Oliio, iiiul siiUse-
(jneiitly settled in Milt.)ii tovvfisl.ii), where Mr.
Short purchiised 300 iieres of isinu an<l was eii-
jraged in farming until his death. Lie died in
Ibtil, aged seventy-six years. liol)ert was the
fourth in their family of five children. His
mother dying when he was (juite small, he was
taken hy his grandmother to the old homestead
in Pennsylvaida, and remained with her until
he was seventeen years of age, availinir himself
to the limited school facilities of that period.
In 1840 he returned to his father and was then
apprenticed to the taylor's trade at Ashland,
(iliio. remaining there two years and a hall. In
the fall of 184-2 he went to Ueleware, Ohio, and
Ity work at his trade set'ured fumis toenablehiin
to obtain a higher education. After taking a
course at the Ohio Wesleyan University, he be-
gan teaching, wliicii occupation he followed at
intervals till duly 1845. That year he moved
to Illinois, where he was employed in work at
hie trade for some time.

In February, 1847, Mr Short started for
Oregon, I'ittsburg being his starting point.
At St. Joseph, Missouri, he joined an emigra-
tion party, rendering service for board and
transportation across the plains. The train
with which he traveled numbered twenty-eight
wagons and was in command of General doel
Palmer. Tliev made slow but nteady progress,
crossed the Cascades by the Harlow route, and
arrived at Oregon Oity Niiveml)er 4, 1847.
May 7, 1847, Iwing the day they started.

Mr. Short opened a taylor shop in Oregon
City, and also engaged In surveying, having
studied surveying in Ohio. In I'Vliruary of the
following year he was married to Mies Mary
<ieer, daiiglitur of Joseph 0. and Mary (leer,
Mr. Short having been in Mr. Geer"s employ
while crossing the plains in 1847. The news
of the California gold e.\<'ite!nent reached him
in August, 1848, and the following April he
started for the mines, traveling by sail vessel
from Portland to San Francisco, and from that
port went to Spanish bar on the middle fork of
the American river. There he mined about
tiiroe months and realized Sl,500. He then re-
turned to San Francisco, ari'iving during the
excitement caused by the depredations of "the
Hounds,"' and allied in org.'imzing the first Vig-
ilance committee on the I'acilic coast. The
band wore all captured, tried ami banished, and
poaco was restored.

Returning to Oregon in thesnmmerof 1849,
he located a claim of 040 acres on the Willam-
ette river, twelve miles above Oregon City, then
in Vani Hill county, and followed fanning and
surveying. In 1850 he was engaged upon the
survey and map of the city of Portland. In
185(5 he was elected the first County Surveyor
of Yam Hill county, and in 1857 was elected a
member of the constitutional convention.
With the division of Yam Hill ami the forma-
tion of Clackamas county, his ranch was in the
latter. Ii 18(53 he was elected .Vssessor ot
Clackamas county, and in 1888 was (slected to
the State Legislature from that county. In
1887 he sold his ranch to his son-in-law, (Miarles
T. Tooze, and purchased a homo at Sunny-
side for his wife and children. Since then Mr.
Short has divided his time between the two
homes.

Mr. and Mrs. Short have had nine children,
seven of whom are living, viz.: Alvina, wife of
G. C. Love, of Portland; William P., captain of
a river steamer; Sherman V., also captain of a
river steamer; Lillisann, wife of Frank B. Jolly,
a lawyer of Portland; Marshall P., a river cap-
tain; Letty (i., wife of Charles T. Tooze; Kvange*
line, wife of Frank II. Shaw, of Portland.

Mr. Sliort has been a member of the Masonic
fraternity since 1859. In politics' he began
life as a Democrat; joined the Union party dur-
ing the lieb'jllion, a'ld has since alttliated with
the Republicans. He is a sterling representa-
tive of the pioneers, and a worthy survivor of
the -'days of small things."

(SHBEY PKARCE, an Oregon pioneer
of 1847, and now an honored resident of
Albanv, was born in HarrLson county,
Indiana, J uiie 30, 1821.

Philip Peanie, his father, was a native of
Rallimore. Maryland, his ancestors having set-
tled tluTi! in iS'34. with the eniigration of Lord
Baltimore. The boyhood days of Philip were
passed in Tennessee and Kentucky, where he
lived with his parents, engaged in various oc-
cupations. Ho was married in 1807 to Miss
Aley Torr, a native of tiie James river country,
Virginia, where her ancestors settled as oarly
as 1(1;{0. Being opposed to slavery and its in-
tlueiices, he left Kentucky in 1811, and settled
ill Boono township, Harrison county, Indiana,

ITi

JIlSTOlir OF (iiiKilON.

• ;' 1

wliere he was entfaffccl in fanning until 1835.
Ki!in ivinj^ to Knox Cdniity. Illinois, that yt'ar.
\w passed the rest of liis life there, his wife
ilvini; in 1S55. ai.fe(i sixty-eiaht years, and he in
1875, aged ninety-two. In their family wire
ten children who lived to maturity.

The sulijeet of our sketch remained with ids
parents niilil he was twenty-six years of age.
At that time decliinni;- liealth induced him to
seek a change of climate, and lie came to Ore-
gon, lie cTilered into a partnerslup with Carey
Chamhers in jirecnring an onttit, and then joineii
a train (d' lifty fonr waoons, in commaml of
Nathaniel iJowman. In dne time they arrived
at the Dalles, crossed the Cascade mountains hy
the Itarlow ronte, and landed in ()rejj;on City,
t>e|itemher fi, 1S4:7. Mr. Pearce came up the
valley and located a claim of tJ-lO acres on
I'owell crick, where he huilt a log house, tilling
in the cracks with moss and mud. 'I'lie follow-
ino .lanuaiy he joined the company of Captain
McKay, for the Cayusi' war, was mustered in
and mounted at ()re<ron ('ity, and proceeded at
once to the Dalles to join Colonel (iilliam's
regiii.ent. They were out aiwut six niontlis,
anil iluring this time had no tents, their only
protection heing light hlankets. and at times all
thev had to eat was mule and horse llcsh. iieing
an experienced cattle driver, Mr. Pearce was
detailed to that duty, hauling.' tlie cannon and
supplies, ami thus escaped the heat of most of
the engagements, liut was in one severe hattle.
itetiirning to the valley aiiout the first of -luly,
huiiirrv anil almost naked, he fouiui employment
in tlic harvest ticid, receiving his pay in wheat.
Worth ?<1 per linshel, and at that time used as
leifal tender, and was thus enahled to purchase
a supply of clothing.

After passing the winter on his claim, in
February, 1849, he went to California, and on
tiie Tuolumne river, and in otherdistricts mineil
through the summer, returning to Oregon in
the faTl with about 81,400 in golddtist. In the
spring (d' iHoO he again started for the mines,
hut on account of sickness, got no farther than
San Kraitcisco. lie came back to Oregon, and
at Albany iiegan clerking for Layton I!ros.,who
Lad i)een old friends of his in Illinois, and re-
mained with them until .laniiary, 1850. At
that time, 1852, lie returned to his old home in
Illinois, making the trip via the I'anama route,
and after a year sju'iit with his parents he came
back to Oregon. lie then ))ros]iected the Pu-
get sound (country for a place to sett'e, ami, not

liking the location, soiui afterward came again
to Albany. Here he clerked for ,). M. MeCon-
lU'll until the spring of 1855. when he took up
a claim to iJ;i() acres, six miles south of Albany,
and proved uj) as his donation claim. Kroni
that time till the spring of 18()() he was en-
gaged in the fruit industry, lie then sold out,
and until 18(15 we fiinl him clerking ai\d farm-
ing. That year he purchased the terry and
'.^54 acresof land in Penton couiity. to which he
subsc(jucntly addeil till he owned oiil acres,
the iinichase price beingfrom 88 tii !>'5 ]ier acre,
lie operated the ferry till 188S, when he sold
out and retired frcpin active business, having
disposed of his farm in 1889.

(doming to Albany in 1891 he bought pro-
perty between First and Water atul Kllsworth
and I'roadalhin streets, and at once erected a
two-story brick business block, 40x102 feet,
known as Pearce Plock.

Mr. Pearce is opposed to secret societies and
the doctrine of " oterind woe," and, in order to
advance the doctrine of I'liiveisal Salvation, he
erected, in 1889, the I'ldversalist Church, corner
ot Fourth and Ellsworth streets, at an expense
of $8,000, which he presented to the I'nivcr-
salist Conventioi\ as a lasting monument <d' his
faith and prec(])ts.

He is public spirited and enterprising and
has been identilicil with many of thi; leading
enterprises here. lie was one of the orgainzers
of the Willamette Valley and Cascade Mountain
Military wagon road, and took an active part in
completing the road, also took an active part in
liuikiing the Oroiion Pacific railroad, owning
stock in the same. He was the first to start a
Poinological Society in Oregon. In politics he
is a (larrisonian Aboliti(uiist. I.arge-hearted,
generous and public-sjiirited to a fault, he is
popular with all who know him.

Mr. Pearce was married September 10, 18tiO,
to Miss Susan Keed, daughter of (Juartiis Kecd,
a native of Connecticut, and a descendant of
Puritan aiu'cstry.

fOIlN W. SHKLTON, an Oregon pioneer
of 1840 and one of Y nm Hill c.ouiity's most
successful farmers, was horn in the State of
Missouri, May 4, 18U;}. His father, Zehe<lee
Sh'-lton. was born in Tcnui ssee, of early Amer-
ican ancestry. His grandfHther Shelton fought

HISrOHY OF OliEOON.

773

in tlie war of 1812. Mr. Shelton's father iiiai-
ried Mii?n Sophroliia Alilk'r. a native of Missouri,
and the daiiirhterof Phillip Miller, a well-known
pioneer of Mibfioiiri. Mr. Shelton's iiarentB had
ten children. With them, in I84ti, they started
on the lonif joiirnev to ()reiion, liefore the days
of the ( alifortiia ij;old exoiteinent. One of the
children died at Inde]ieiidence, ]\Iit-soiiri, and
another at I'latte river, and both were placed in
little ivraves. The bereaved family pushed for- ;
ward for their destination in the far West.
Arriving in Yam Hill county, they located on
•itO acres of lan<l. which has since borne tlie
name of the Zebedee Slielton donation ciaini.
Here a 'og cal)in was bnilt and here tney re-
sided. After eleven years of snccesefiil farm-
ing the father died, in 1857, in the fifty-third
year of his ajfe. His wife still siirvives. now
in her ( if.;hty-foni Ji year, and rejidinij; in I'olk
conntv- !^hc is still hale and hearty, an hon-
ored pioneer of Oregon and jsteenied by all
who knew her. Of the famUy that crossed'
tilt! plains six are still living, three sons and
three daughters. One of tlum, Di'. Thomas
Shelton, is having a successful medical prni-
tice at Kngene City; Ur. J;imes Uicate'l at
Salem.

jhn W., the subject of this sketch, has
resided on the farm ever since I.i canu to
the State in IH-td. On the death of his father
he inherited a portion of the claim, continued
to conduct the atl'airs of the place, and from
time to time, as he was able, he purchased the
interest of the tither heirs, and he now has 500
acres altogether, constituting one of tlu* very
fine,-t larms in the county, ili^ raises annually
from 250 to 300 acres of wheat, and is also
r.'iising Some tine trotting and road horses,
mostly of imported Kentucky stock and Dur-
ham cattle. Mr. Shelton is conducting the
farm with both enterprise and ability, and has
the reputation of being one of the most siiceess-
fnl farmers in the county. He has a real little
village of barns and farm buildings, and of
course all the machinery necesr-iu'v b'r the d"-
maiids of the work.

Mr. Shelton was married in 1853, to Miss
Mary Ihirfoni, a native of Illinois and the
daughter of llezekiah J^irlbrd, who came with
his family to Oregon in 1852. I'y this mar-
riage there wimh' teii children, namely; Martha,
wild nnirried T. .1. (irovcs and is now deceased;
('. M. is a merchant ami resides at \'ancouver;
Lucy, now Mrs. Newton Wisecarver; William

and U. S. frrant are in eastern Oregon; Arthur
T. is a resident of Yam Hill county; Alfred in

' eastern AVashington; and Lena Ilollis and Jiertio

I are at home with their father.

Mrs. Shelton died in 187'J. and in 1882^Mr.
Sjielton married Mrs. },\«.v'; Miithews, an amia-
ble lady and the widow of J. ii. Mail'ews, who
was a very ,?xcellent ii:an, a veteran of tiit> late

I war, and a soldier s(j highly thought of that the

; post of the (irand Army of the Ue|)iiblic at
F'.rest throve named itself after him, in honor
of his good record, lioth as a soldier and a pat-
riotic citizen. Hy her former husband Airs.
Shelton had two children. Frank and Anna, a
graduate at the State L'riivel>ity. By her pres-

I ent marriage there is one child, named ['rince.

j In his political views Mr. Shelton is a lie-

I publican. lie is a thoroughly responsiLle
man, and makes the ati'airs of his farm his main
business.

— '^^m^im^^^-

fEOllGE Y. DAVIS, a pioneer of Oregon
' of 1857, was born iti Montgomery county,
Jjf. Kentucky, April 3, 1831. His remotest
ancestors in this country was tlohn Davis, a
native of Wales, who came to America in about
the year 17(55, and was a wagon repairer in
Washington's army at the time of the war for
Independence. IJenjamin S. Davis, the father
of the subject of our sketch, was born in Vir-
ginia in 1794, and two years later his father and
family emigrated to Kentucky, where the hoy
grew uj) to manhood, and, at the declaration of
war with (4reat IJritain in 1812. he eidisted in
the Cnited States service, at the age of seven-
teen years, and was under the command of
General William H. Harrison, and was at the bat-
tle of the Thames, and witnessed the surrender
of the enemy to the " boys in buckskin."

He married Miss Nancy Yocom, a native of
the Old Dominion. They had eight childreii,
the youngest of whom is the subject of this
sketch. He was left an or|)han on the day of
his birth, and in 1833 hit hither married Miss
Mary .lohnsoti, and the subject of our sketch
resided with them on the home farm for eleven
years, attending the piihlii^ schools of the neigh-
borhood in the winter,and assisting on the farm
in the summer.

In 1842 ills father died, when "ur subject re-
moved to I'iko county, Illinois, where ho resided

774

UISTOKY Oh' OllKOON.

i.:'^;

with a brother. Here he learned the l)hicl<-
smithV trade, to which he served as an appren-
tice from the time lie was fourteen years of ai,'e
until he liecaiue nineteen, reccivinir as conipen-
i-ation, instruction in his trade and Ids lioard and
clothes. ( )ii cunipletiii^ his apprenticeship, he
worked as a journeyman for a year, receiving
$16 a month, and on tindiiifj; tliat farm hands
were gettiiiff oidy .$8 a month, he congrntniateil
himself on having acquired a more lucrative
trade.

It was at this time that glowinir reports were
heard of the tindinir of gold in (California, and,
on April 8, ISoO, the young jonrneynian turned
his steps westward. He ac(;om|iaiiied a party
of ten young men. who had fitted out teams with
horses and mules. They started from Pittstield,
Illinois, and were a month erossini; the State of
Missouri. He paid *2oO and drove a teaui for
the privilege (if coming with them, and his
Ijoard, and fiy the time he tinished his journey,
his hill, with interest, cost him $8;53.

I'jion arriving at his destination he went to
the mines on the south fork of the American
river, where he remained for several months,
until he was taken ill. At times he took out as
much as S20 a day. the largest piece he ever
lound at any one time, being ^4. which wns
ftoU'ii Irom hiui. While in the mines, he camped
with others under the shade of a live-oak ti'ce.
and the fare was beef, salt pork, eotfee and black
syrnp: Hour was twenty-tive cents a poum . and
he paid §1.50 per pound for onions.

.\fter recovering from his illness, he worked
by the month for a time in Calaveras county,
(California, and tinallv went to Sacramento.
Kroni thi;re he and a party started on March
2f), IHol. with horses, and came overland to
( tregon.

lie otojiped for a time in Hillsboro, where he
Worked at blacksmithing tor Mr. Michael Moore,
t'rom .lutu' to the following March. He then
went to Forest (irove. wheiu^ Mr. Wdliam liegle
bifilt a shop, and Mr. Davis commenced work in
I lie first blacksmith sho|) in town. After a
moiith's work, he purchased, in February. 1.S52,
the shop and tools, and continut^l to run the
bu.siness until the following \oveml)er. He
then canu; to Yam Hill county, where la pur-
chased a s(|uatter's right to a <louation claim,
located nine miles Southwest of McMinnvi|le.
There whs no house on the claim, and he lived
ahjne for four years. He juirchascd tocds in
i'ortiand, and started the lirst blacksmith in

South Yam Hill, of Yam Hill county.

On September 27, 1837, he marrie(i .Mi>s
(Caroline Yocum, a native of Illinois, and a
daughter of Mr. .lesse Yocum, a well-known
and highly respected citizen of Yam Hill county,
( )regon.

^[r. Davis continued to cultivate his farm and
run his shop, from 1S53 to 1880, since which
time he ha.s given his whole attention to the
former occupation, still doing his own Idack-
sniithing. His persistent elt'orts in the cultiva-
tion of the rich soil of Oregon, have been amply
rapid liy unusually large cnpps, and he has now
accumulated a very comfortable income.

M. and Mrs. I)avis have had eiyht children,
seven of whom are now living, and all born on
the farm. Olive, the oldest, now resides in
Amity; -lefferson, died August 25, 1884, aged
twenty-four years; he was a promising yi'iing
man. and greatly mourned by his friends ami
family; I.ucy Florence is the wife of Mr. Her-
nuin ririi'h.and resides in Washington county;
Henry W. is a steamboat engineer, and resides
in Portland; Horace L. is in California, where
he is in the shingle business; John H. is in
eastern Oregon, engaged i'l the stock business;
()rland (4eorge and Walter are at home.

Mr. Davis was formerly a Whig in politics,
but at the tinii' of the war becanu' a Uepublican.
He was the first postmaster in his section of the
country, and was apj)ointed under the adminis-
tration of I'resiileut I'ierce. The post otHc(> w.as
then called Muddy, but has since been changed
to the more euphonious luimo of liellevue.
During the great civil war he was a strong, out-
spoken, upholder of the (Tovernuieut, and, in
const'(pietu'e. his life was often in danger from
p(difical op]iont>nts.

He and his wcu'thy wife are ciHisisteut mem-
bers of the Christian Churcdi, to the welfare of
which they have always liberally contributed of
their nu'ansand intUienc .

— '^■'^M^'^&^-Hr- -

U'-NRY WrXTON. Ju-.a prominent pioneer
and representative farn\er of Washington
county, Oregon, came to the Territory in
1841. He was [mm in Manitoba o'l the 8th
of October, 1S2!I. His father, Henry nu\ton,Sr.,
was born in Derbyshire. I'jigland, in 17!t4, ami
came to .Anu'ricain 1821. He married Franc(<s
Thomas, of Manitoha, aftty reaching this couu-

IIIbTOHY OK OUEOON.

775

try, ami tliny residci in limt province some
time, and tlien, witli tlieir one child, removed
to Piiiret soiiiid. lie was in tlie service of tiie
Hudson's iiay Company tliere, as well as being
eiij:(aged in rariiiiiig. In crossing tlie Uocky
inonntaiMS Mrs. IJiixton tell from lier liorse and
received injuries from wliicli she never recov-
ereil, and at I'uget sound siie died. Mr. liuxton
then removed to Tnalitin plains, iu Wasiiington
county, wliere lie settled on a lionation claim.
Mr. liuxton married again, in 1>^43. ilrs. Sarah
E. -Muiiger, tiie widow of liev. Ashel Muiiger.
They came t<) Oregon in lSii9 with Itev. J. S.
(Trittin. .Mr. Huxton remained on his claim
until 18r>0. whiMi lie sold (;ut and went to Forest
(irove, where lie purchased 30(t acres of land
from a squatter, and this property he afterward
sold to .Jerome I'orter, who now owns it. Mr.
Hu.xton died in 1S70. He was a ('i)nij;reiration-
alist in his reli<rions belief, and a I!e|)ulilican in
politics, lie was a thorunohly ujiriijht man in
every respect, and an honoralile citizen. The
daiii.;hter of Mr. and Mrs. liuxton. Sarali E.,
married a Mr. Charles Ueynolds, and re.-ides at
Seattle. Mrs. Bu.xton survived her hurband
twenty years, and died in 18!K).

.Mr. liuxton, .Jr., who is the suiijcct of this
sketch, came witii his father to Oreifoii, in IS-ll.
He resided with his father until 1^14^7, when he
went to I'orest Grove and took up a farm, one
and a half miles nortiiwest from Fori'st .(Jrove,
where lie built a cabin on bis own account, put-
ting nj) witli all the hardships and privations
that the Oregon pioneer at that date underwent.
This property he has since farmed for forty-
live years, and liy honest, persistent iiidnstry,
lias made of it one of the Hnest and most de-
sirable farms in the State.

Just jirevious to moving to his farm in 1847,
Mr. Huxton was married to Miss Uosanna
Wooley, of Oiiio, the daughter of .lacob and
Ellen Wooley. They ciime to ( )regon iti 184i>.
Mr. and Mr.s. Buxton have bad thirteen children,
of whom eight are living: Rebecca, the eldest,
married Mr. Terry Kinr/.ey; Edward 's a man-
iifaciiirer in Fore.-t Grove, and lias four children ;
11. T. is a prosperous farmer iu tliL' county, ami
has three ebildren; flames T. reuides in Forest
Grove, is married, has two children, and he
owiKs and operates a general machine shop, and
employs several workmen; Win. T. is a rariner
resiiling in this country, is married, and has
thrcL" children ; .Mary Ellen was married to K.
O. Stevenson in 1878, and died in 1888, leaving

four children; Charles E. died in his thirtieth
year; .Jacob S. has one child, and resides on the
home fai'ni: (!arrie Frances is the wife of Ed-
ward 11. Harrison, and resides at McMinnville,
and lias four children; Nellie married .lolin U.
Gritlin in 1885. anil died the foilowing year, and
left an infant that sodii after fnllDwed her; Aus-
tin T. is at college; the last little girl died when
five months old.

Mr. Huxton added to his first larm until he
now has 400 acres in one body. He has been
raising tine sliorthorned cattle, and in every
way is a progressive and iMiterprisiiii; farmer and
bu>in('>> man. He has dealt in real estate on
his own account, and is a stockholder in tiie For-
est Grove Fruit and Vegetable ('aniiery, and is
one of the directors of it. He has twice been
elected County Colllmis^ioner, and takes pleasure
in the tlidiight that, in 1855, he helped organize
the first school district iu the neigiiborliood. At
its organization he was made clerk, and for
sixteen years in succession be served iu that
capacity. He also was its director .seven times.
Ill 187y he moved into Forest (irove for awhile,
that his children might enjoy the hitiUer educa-
tion offered by the Pacific I'niversity. Mr.
Buxton has the honor of having helped cut the
first wagon road to I'ortlaud. and over it drove
the first load of produce, pork and beans. The
wagon was drawn by oxen, and it was in 184t)
that the trip took place.

Fn 1887 Mr. liuxton and his estimable wife
sold their interests in Forest Grove, and re-
turned to the farm to enjoy in retirement the
fruits of their earlier years of toil. Such, how-
ever, was not to be the case, for at the genera!
electi.in in 1S'J2, without solicitation oi; his
part, he was elected :o represent bis county in
the Legi!-lati\e Asr.ei ibly, thus showing the jiigli
esteem in which lie is hehl by his fellow-citizens,
and the contidei.K".: reposed in him.

After a few years on the farm, the cai)in gave
place to a becter house, and in 1889 a fine resi-
dence was ompletiMl on the property, and Mr.
Buxton on his sixtieth birthday moved into it,
October 8. 188i). The family hud a reunion,
and the meeting was a very enjoyable event.
They thought of all the trials pass(M) through,
and the memory of them only served to ren-
der l)rightcr the present jirosnerity.

Mr. Huxton was a Democrat until the attack
on Fort Siimtcu'. He then became an ardent
Uepulilican, and he has since continued true to
that jiarty. He was but a boy of twelve when

776

HISTOHY OF OltEGON.

he eaiiie to Oregon, uul lie lias enjoyed none of
tlie mlvantau;es of edueiition that the young
men of tlie present day liave, mhI what he ob-
tained was principally troiii the severe school of
experience. He deserves mueh credit for
his success as it is all due to his personal efforts.

Mr. and .\(rs. iiuxton iiave been married
forty-five years, yet they are still younj^-looking
people. They make a representative pair of
{)regon jiioneers, and are justly proud of what
Oregon has grown to be. There lives have been
puch that the State may well be proud to num-
ber them amonir the inhabitants of that irrowinif
portion of the Northwest.

Mr. Buxton has lieen a Master Mason since
iSlil. and has served three times as Master of
his lodge. Mrs. IJiixton is a member of the
Jlethodist Church, wiiile Mr. iJnxton is lib-
eral in h s >iews in matters of religion.

'rt—' "^'stUjJ"^.'*'-:*''*^*

^AVID SMITH came to Oregon in 1851,
and ^has been since iileiititied with this
great growing State, ilr. Sinitli was
born in Marion county, Ohio, on the ITtii of
iS'ovember, 1827. He is the son of David
Smith, of Virginia, born in 1785. His ances-
tors came lo tlie United States from Irelatid
previons to the Revolution and settled in Vir-
ginia. Mr. Smith's father was a soldier in the
war of 1812. lie married Elizabeth Hurd, of
Maryland, the daughter of William and Mar-
garet Hurd. They were Quakers and early
settlers of Maryland, where their ancestors
emjifrated from Enirland. Ten children blessed
the union, seven of whom are now living.

Mr. Smith was the sixth child. In 1833 he,
with his parents, removed to Indiana, where he
was raised tij manhood. In 1851, with five
other young ni"Ti, he turned his face westward,
and with horses i.iid mules made the journey to
( )regon. This ic I'.rney vvas a safe and enjoyable
one, and they arrived in Oregon City in Sep-
tember. From there they went to Yreka, Cal-
ifornia, to the mines, where they had oidy mod-
erate success. Mr. Smith then returned to
Marion county, Oregon, and purchased land
and a sawmill, where he remained for live years,
and then sold out to Dr. Iveil, who purchased
it for a Dutch colony. It is now Aurora. Mr.
Smith then removed to Yani Hill county, and
purchasing a good farm renniined there twenty

years. His farm was near St. Jo, otie atid one
half miles from La Fayette. In 187(3 he went
to Forest drove and purchased a residence,
where he has since lived and where he intends
to make his future hom(\

Mr. Smith has dealt in real estate, and has
been successful in his deals. He is now the
owner of some valuable farm land in Washing-
ton and Vaiu Hill counties. He has retired
from active business ?nd is enjoying the fruits
of his labors.

In 1852 he married Miss Attn M. White, of
Ohio, the daughter of Thomas and Susan White,
who walked across the plains to Oregon in 1852.
Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two sons and they
have adopteil a daughter. The eldest son, Mil-
ton "W .. is a I'ortland lawyer; Henry Clay, the
other son, is a physician in Tacoma, and their
daughter is still at home with them.

Mr. Smith has been a Kepul)lican since the
formati(Ui of the party. During tlie time when
secession was rife, he joined tb'^ Union League
and did all he could to kee)) Oregon from dis-
grace on that (juestion. He was elected as-
sessor of Yam Hill county, and also County
Judge. In both offices he showed ability, and
in 1886 he was elected to the State Legislature
from Washington county. In that capacity ho
served his constituents faithfully and honor-
ably. In Forest Orove be has been elected
eiglit times by his fellow citizens to be a mem-
ber of the Town Couiicil and also i'resident of
the Hoard of Trustees six times. He has al-
ways favored all city and county improvements,
atid has done his part in advancing the interests
of the county.

At one time he was in the nursery business,
and he also spent a year of his life in the mines
in Idaho. The wife he married forty years ago
is still by his side, the same faithful helinnato
as she has ever been. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are
persons who are representatives of the pioneers
of Oregon.

fAVlS WASHINGTON LAUOHLIN. an
Oregon pioneer of 1850, and a reputable
and successful farmer of Yam Hill county,
is a native of Missouri, where he was born Sep-
tember 14, 1842. His father, James Laughlin,
was born in North Carolina in 1818, of Scotch
and Irish ancestors, who emigrated from their

nisroHY Oh' oiiicaoN.

777

respective eoimtrieg in the seveiiteeiitli century,
durini; the reitrii of Kitij; tiaines I, of Knirland.
who gave lands to his Krlgli^^ll ami Scotch sul)-
jectsfor the settliiiii; upon them. The father
of the Biibject of our sketch married Miss .Nancy
C. McCoy, of similar ancestry as himself. They
iiad six children horn in the Kast, who in
1850, accompanied their parents to Oreiron.
Tiiey settled in Vam Hill county on a donatioTi
claim located ten miles northwest of Ija Fay-
ette, where they began pioneer lite in a lo{»
cabin. The first winter they passed without a
floor in the cabin. Here they lived uninter-
ruptedly, being greatly prospered in their in-
dustiious elforts. iSi.\ children were Ijorn in
()ro<ron. In 1875 the father died, I'rcatlv la-
mented by all wlio knew him, on account of
his many sterliufr traits of character. His
worthy wife still survives, now in her seventy-
third year, and still makes her home on their
oriifinal donation claim.

The subject of our sketch was eiffht years of
age wdien his parents emigrated to Oregon. He
was reared to uumhood on their donation claim,
attending the district log schoolhonse, the
acci)m|ianiuuMit of all pioneer life, and working
on the farm. In 1863 he purchased the east
side of the Rowland donation claim.

In 1862 he married Miss Sarah Sappingtoti,
an estimat)le lady and a native of Washington
county, Oregon. She was born in 1846. and
was the daughter of J. M. Sappington, an hon-
ored pioneer of this State, who came to Oregon
in 18-15, and died in Washingioii county in
1846, where (Cornelius now stands. Her mother
(who is now living in MeMinnvillo, at the age
of seventy-three) then u)arried Jeremiah Row-
land and inove<l to Vain Hill county, and settled
on the Rowland homestead, where Sarah Siifi-
pingtoii was reared from the time she was three
years of age, and inherited eighty acres of it as
her share. Here she has resided nearly all of
her life, thirty years of which have been spent
with Mr. Laugh'in. They have a large and
beautiful home, situated on the hill side, with a
background of giant oaks, patriarchs of their
kirul. and overlooks the broad surrounding
country and the lieautiful valley, aptly called
the Eden of Oregon, through the green fields
of which the river winds like a silver ribbon.
Altogether the whole presents a picture which
might add a charm to any romance. Here, in
(juiet happiness, they have reared a lovely aiul
accomplished daughtcjr to womanhood, Luella

Orill. Two children died in infancy. Mrs.
I.auglilin has been a helpmate in the truest
sense of the word, and both she and her esti-
mable husband i^njoy the unbounded esteem of
their neighbors and frieiuls.

The farm is devoted principally to the rais-
ing of wheat and oats, and being rolling, well
drained and productive, usually yields an ai)un-
dant harvest. Ho is also largely interested in
stock raising, breeding the better brands of
horses and cattle, in which he is very successful,
and finds exceedingly remunerative.

He is a Re])ublican in politics, and takes an
active interest in the affairs of his pai'ty and
particularly of his county. He has for years
lieen a member of the Central Committee, and
has also acted as a Judge of Elections for a
number of years.

He is a member in good standing of La Fay-
ette Lodge, \o. 3. A. F. & A. M., in the welfare
of which he takes a great interest.

Thus is completed an altogether too brief
outline of the life of a good and great man, who
finds his greatest reward in the affectionate re-
gard of his family and friends, and the endorse-
ment of his own searchino- conscience.

"'• ' ' i* * " >5" '' '" ^

tN. THOMPSON, general merchant of
lirownsville, was born in Elkhai t, Indi-
*» ana, in 1844. His father, Enoch Thomp-
son, was a native of Charleston, South Carolina.
He emigrated to Harrison county, Illinois, in
childhood, and during the Black H.iwk war was
engaged in garrison duty upon the site of the
present city of Chicago. There he met and
married Miss Mary A. Kinzie, who inovetl to
the village of C'hicago as a child. Her father,
Robert Kinzie, was a prominent ' Indian trader
of that State, and her uncle Robert Miller, was
the pioneer hotel builder of the town. Enoch
Thompson was a builder by trade and a finished
workman, and to his skill is accredited many of
the earlier buildings of Elkhart, where he lo-
cated about 1840. Twelve years later he re-
moved to Adel, Dallas county, Iowa, and carried
on contracting and building \nitil 1862. Ho
crossed the plains in that year with four teams,
si.\ horses and eight o.xen. The train numbered
about 125 people, and the journey was fraught
with hardships and peril, as the Indians were
very troublesome and skirmishes were very

778

HisTonr OF uliEooy.

fii'(ji;cr.t. (>:iL' of the oiiiriifi;ciiieiit» I'oiitiiiiUMi
tliroiiglidut tilt' al'toriiooii nml iiii;lit. St'vcral
of tlie coinpaiiy wore woiimii'il ami imidi stock
was Htoleii, but at last, after tivo iiioiitlis of
travel tiiey lanileil at Cliico, California, October
11, lS(i2. Tliurc they rciiiaiiied two years, and
^Ir. TlioMi|i8oii cipiitiiined his triidc, l)nt in
ISti-l thoy Miovi'il to Albany. Oregon, and in the
sjiriiii; of ISGa, scttli'd in Itrownsville. Here
Mr. Thompson followed his trade until 1!S7)5,
and then entered into the furniture busiiicss,
whieli he jiursued until his death, July 18, 1884.
His widow i.s still livinj;, aged seventy-seven
years.

U. N. 'Phonipsoii was ecjucated at the Iowa
Collew at (irinnell. payinir his tuition by per-
sonal labor and the most strin^ijent economy. In
18(12 he cros>ci| the plains with his parents anil
taught and stnilied at Chico. lie attended the
.Mbany Co'legiate Institute during the winter of
1S(')4, and in the sjiring of 18()5, lie began teach-
ing near I'rowuBville. where he taught the coun-
try and city schools until 18()9. when here turned
to the East and sjient one year. When he came
West again he went to San Francisco and en-
gaged ill mercantile business as a clerk. From
there he went to Stockton and Lake (^ity, con-
tinning in Inisiness until 1S79, when he returned
to Hrownville, and in 1880 purchased one-half
interest in the general niercliandise business of
F. F. Croft, which partnership lasted until 1884,
when Croft sold his interest to J. .M. Walters,
and in 1888 Mr Walters retired and Mr.
Thompson Continued alone. The store is 42
by 80, on the corner of (Jross and Mill streets,
and with its com[)lete stock and desirable loca-
tion, is the leading store in North Brownsville.
Mr. Tliompson owns valuable property* on the
opposite corner to his store, as well as real-
estate interests in Portland. lie is deeply in-
teresfe(l in educational niiitters and has been
president of the Biownsville Hoard of Education
tor four ye irs, and has been a member of the
City Council for many years.

He was married in Falls City, California,
in 1878, to iliss .Nfary A. (in^enlee, of Illinois,
who <iied in 1885, leaving two children, Riy-
moiid and Polland. Ilc^ was a<.;ain married in
San Francisco, September 6, 1880, to Miss Edith
Lampe, of (California. They had two children,
but bitli died iu February, 1892, of diphtheria
and scarlet fever.

Mr. Tliompson is a member of blue lodge and
chapter, A. F. & A. M. He is a man of en-

thusiasm and enterprise, anil takes an active
part in every movement toward advancing or
improving the interests of Brownsville.

JiMH I!. AIUIAMS, one of the enterprising
^ifMVB business men of Kiigenc. was born iu
V SL,V <* I'erry, Wyoming ciiiinly, .New Vo.'k,
in 1845. His father, Joseph .Mirams, was of
Knickerliocker ancestry, and a native of Con-
necticut. He learned the trade of carpenter,
which he followed in Now York, where he
married Miss Diami Hotehkiss, of Massachu-
setts. In 1848 they removed to liornersvillc,
New York, where Sir. Abrams built the first
l)laning-mill and sash factory of that sectioti,
and oi)i>rated the same j-ntil 1854. He then
returned to I'erry and resumed his trade and
there passed the reinainder of his life. The
family was increased by four children, the sub-
ject of this sketch being the first born. lie
was educated at I'erry, and learned the car-
|)enter trade, working under his father until
18(51, and when, with the tiring upon Fort
Suiriter and the call foi ninety days' troop>, he
was among the first to respond and enlisted in
the Independent (!ompany of CJaptain Tozior.
(loing at once to the front they were engaged
in the first battle of I'ull Ivnn. After the e.\-
])iration of his discharge he went to Adrian,
Michigan, and there re-enlisted for three years
in Company B, Ninth Michigan (Javalry, and
was appointed Sergeant, Colonel Loomis in
command. They were sent to Kentucky and
passed oiu^ year scouting and hunting the gue-
rillas. They then joined Ceneral Shcrmau in his
march to the sea. Mr. Abrams being di.'tailed
to the Commissary I)i partment and subse-
iiuently joined his company at Ualeigh, .North
("aroliiia. The regiment ])erformed an active
part in following Niorgan upon his raid through
the interior, and for three days covered an aver
age distance of seventy miles each day without
change of horses. Continuing ti^ the close of
the war they were discharged at Charlotte,
Xorth Carolina, in 18G5.

Mr. Abrams then retiiriU'd to Peny and in
18()() was married in (!old Water, Michigan, to
Miss Fannie E. Bullord and settled there and
entered the merchandise business with his
father. Iu LSfi? he made a trip to Oregon, and
in 18f58 went to Eugei.e for permanent settle-

HISTOIIY OF OREGON.

770

meiit and engnped al his trade as contractor and
builder, in 1M7() lit; riMitt^d water power and
liuilding and started tlie firft planinfi-niill iiiid
Ka^ii factory in Enf;eiie, iiiui in 1872 erecte<l ii
fraiiiu liiiildiiif;, 60 x 74 on Kif^litli street, eant
of tlie tnill-race and fitted it witii steam jiower
and jjroper niaciiiiierv tor niilliiii; [xirposes. lie
conducted tlie l)usiness until 188-i, when he >old
out and resumed his trade of contractor. In
1887 he entered into partnership with L. N.
UoiU^y. and they erected many of the |)roininent
buildings of the city. This partnership con-
tinued for two years. Since ISSt) Mr. At)raii)s
has been enfiaged in otherenterprises. In 1882
he bei.'an tlu* nnunifactiire of apjile cider for
bottling and vinegar, in wliicli h" lias lieeii very
pueeesstul, supplying the wholesale trade. In
1891 he was among tiie incorporators of the
Kngene Canning it Packing Company for the
canning and drying of green fruits and vege-
tables, and in 1892 was elected superintendent
of the ci)inpany. Their plant is well e(juipeil
with eighty-horse power iioiler and a ])atent
dryer, with capacity of 4(),(H)0 pounds of green
fruit every twenty-four hours.

The family resides on Ninth street, east side,
where Mr. .\br.anis has just comj)leted a large
and haiulsome residence. He also owns other
valuable property in town and vicinity. He is
a meinber of blue lodge and chajiter, F. A: .\.
M.. and J. W. (ieary Post, (i. A. 11. He is
an active laborer of the Uepiiblican Jiarty in
committee work, and energetic promoter of the
interests of Kugeue.

Mrs. Abrains died in 1877, leaving three
children: Minnie, now Mrs. C. J. Howard;
Tom and (rrace. Two years later ^[r. Abrains
was married at Perry, New York, to ^liss ^Vlico
K. Auckland.

fAPTAIN (iKOKGE W. LIOYT, acustom-
house l)roker, Portlaiul, Oregon, forms the
subject of this article.
The aiu'estors of (Japtain Hoyt were num-
bered among the Puritan settlers of iN'ew Einf-
larid, who located in Mew Hampshire, and fol-
lowed lives of honesty and sobriety, engaged in
agricultur.il })urBuit8. His parents, Richard
anil Mary (Cutler) Hoyt, emigrated to Albany,
New York, about 1S27, where the father con-
tinued work at the sadilh'rs' trade, and also en-
gaged in the manufacture of trunks, whicli he

conducted very extensively for many years. Mr.
and Mrs. Hoyt had seven children, only one
of whom, lleiiiy L., is now living, (ieoige W.
having died Septeni.ber U, 1892; liichard Hoyt,
the eldest son, first visited the Paciiic coa.-t and
Oregon in 184fj, cuming to this State us first
mate of the bark Whitton, loadi d with a gen-
eral cargo, and having a number of mi.-siuiiarius
as passengers. He timii returned to Mew York,
and again came to the Pacific coast in 18-1'J,
this time coming as Cajitain of the bark .lolin
W. Carter, owned by Fernaudu Wood, and
loaded with a cargo of general merchandise to
supply the wants of the early gold seekers.
.After selling cargo and bark, he engaged as
Captain of the steamboat .Miner, which ran
between San Francisco any Marysville. In
1851 he came to Oregon, purchased the
steamboat Multnoinah, and ran it between Port-
land and Astoria, carrying ])asseugers and the
I'nited States mail. In this he continiKil up
to the time of his death in 18(i2.

(ieorge W. Hoyt wa.< born in Albany, New-
York, in 1828. lie was educated in that city,
and was there em])loyed as frame imiker in u
lotiking-glass manufactory until 1851, when he,
too, .struck out for the I'acific coast, coining by
steamer and the Isthmus route, and landing in
due time at San Fiancisco. Pi'oceeding at
once to the mines, he followed mining about
one yeai', and then came to I'ortland. Here ho
was employed as \vharfkee|ier by his brother
Richard, and subsequently purchased an inter-
est in the steamboat E.vpniss, wdiich ran be-
tween Portland and Oregon City, engaged in
pa.-senger and freight service. C'aptain Hoyt
then a»sumed the ihities of purser, and was so
employed until 18()1, when he went to the Idaho
mines. After a year's absence and with li'tl"
success, he returned to Portland, and entered
the employ of the Oregon Steam Navigation
Company, as freight receiver, which position
he filled until 1890. He then entered the
cnsiomlionse brokenige bu,-iness with his broth-
er Henry, and was engaged in this until his
recent death.

He was married in .\Uiany, .\e\v Yuik, De-
cember, 18f)5, to Aliss Martha A. (iraliam. They
have three children: (George \V., Jr., Martha a!,
and Fanny Graham. They reside at 153 North
Fifteenth street, Portland, where the ('aptaiii
built his attractive home in 1882. He also
owned other valuable improved property ad-
joining it.

780

HISTOUY OF OltKIIO.y.

i§

m''.

C'uptuiii lloyt Ims tliH coiiiiiutnilHtioii hikI ec-
teuin of the Coiiim unity in wliicli Ik; lived, iiiid
WHS a man nf i'iprisL'rvati\e priMci|ilt'ij and un-
biased judjfMii'iit, and as sueli had served upon
flie reform ticket for tiirie years as Council-
num for the oity of I'orthmJ.

»-4>'}-q;»

A.MKS DART. -Tne fientkiuau most in-
terested in tliis l)riof mention is a native of
the old world, and dates his birth at l)evon-
slure, Knghiud, May IH, l>i41. His parents
were .lohn and Mary (I'arsons) Dart, both of
Enj^lish birth, and they reared a family of nine
children. Kii^ht years after the birth of (jur
subject, the eldest cliihl, the family left Kufj-
land, and emigrated to America, locating in
Canada. (Jur subject was reared and educated
in the Dominion of Cmada. and there serveij
an apprenlicesliip to tlie trade of carpenter and
builder, which he followed for some months at
Victoria.

At a later dati: our subject removed to Seat-
tle, and then to Olyinpia, Wasliington, where
he remained until tiie year 187(1. when he
located at St. Helen. lie was engajjcd ns su-
perintendent of the force which ])repared tlic
timber that forms the extensive mill now owned
l)V the Miickle Brotliers at tiie rebuilding of the
mill, the former one havintr been destroyed by
fire. Mr. Dart was one of the stockholders of
the inill until IHl'ii. at which time the properly
passed into other hands, but iie still retains the
position of foremaii of the whole plant, lie
lost heavily in the enterprise at the time of the
sale, but this in some degree he has been able
to overcome, by dint of hard work and good
management. He has since that time accunin-
hileii considerable city jiroperty. and also owns
lUO acres of land near Sca])poose bay, foi'ly
acres of which is imjiroved land.

The St. Helen's property consists of some
forty city lots, and Mr. Dart now has consider-
able commercial standing in this city. Our
subject has been twice married. In 1S73 he
was married to Miss I.ucy Boiiser, a native of
this State, who died in 1S78, leaving two chil-
dren. Mary H. and .lohn H. The |)resent .Mrs.
Dart was Ellen I'ei'rv, imd two childi-en have
been boiTi of this mari'iage, (Jrace and liei'tha.

Mr. Dart was naturalized in 1872. and has
served as ( ounty SherifT three successive terms.

He was elected County Clerk in IH78, and tilled
that oltice two years, anil at the jiresent time is
a member of the City Council. In political
nnitters he is allied with the DtMnocrats in the
progressive wing, and takes a deej) interest in
the affairs (jf the mition. Socially he afliliatea
with the A. F. ik \. M.. Lodge .N'o. .-52, and he
has held all of the minoi' offices of the order.
Mr. Dart is a man of strict i)usini's-i qu.'ditica-
tions, and keeps abreast of thetimes. being (u-er
I'cady to aid and encourage jiublic enterprises
wliich have feu- their object the advancement of
the city and country.

fr(iK\K C. TirCillKS is a mitiv^. of Ore-
gon. boiMi in Washington county, at Idrest
<irove. on the 12th day of .Inly. 1802.
His father, Samuel Hughes, is an honoreil pio-
neer of Oregon, Iniving com(> to the Territory in
18-15. He was born in .Vtchison county. Mis-
souri, .in 1835. Thi'ir great-grandfather came
from England, and three generations ha\e been
born in .Vmerica. He mari'ied in Washington
county. ( >regon. a Miss (ieiirgii' .\. Reeil, a lui-
li\e of Missouri and the <hmgliter of Mr. Will-
iam Ueed, a worthy pioneer of Oregon. Ihey
settled in Eor(^<t (trove, and he worked at the
blacksmith ti'ade for many years. He was an
industrious, honest man. and he snceeecliMl so
Well that he openeil an agi'icultural implement
store in 1877. He succeede<l in this also, and
became one of the most intlnentiid men in the
county. He serveil as member of the lioanl of
Tux Commissioners, which board was coniposed
of the representative men of the eoiintv. He
nine cliildreii, of whom seven are living.

Eugene C. Hughes is the eldest of the sur-
viving eliildren ami was raised and edneateil in
Washington county. He is a very good sample
of the nniny intelligent and enti-rpi'ising busi-
ness men that Oregon has produced and of whom
she is justly proud. .Mr. Hughes attended the
University of Forest (irove, anil he took a course
at the Fortlanil business College. He then en-
gaged in business with his father, under tlie
firm name of Hughes iVr Son, at Forest (Jrove.
In 1SS8 he was selecfeil as the candidate id' the
Ike|iubliean party for County Clerk. He was
elected and is now in his fourth yeai'. He has
made a very honorable record aiid has proved
himself a capable and faithful otHcer. The grand

ni STORY OF OltmON.

jlll'V rcci'iitly iiivcstii^ralt'd tlii' clerk '« (itHcc jis
fur liack as i87(!, iiml rcportiMl tliat Mi-. Uiiirlics
had coiidiictt'd the dllici' in a must criMlitiilik:
iiiuiiiicr and tliat liis liooks lialaiiccd cNactly.
'I'licy toiik ]il('asni-f. so tlicy said. In cuiiinuMid-
iiiir tile ciiiidiicl iif s(i faitlifnl an nlHcial. Mr.
II nirlii'> lias introducfcl s('\('rai new lioiiks ami
mctlidds III' kirjiin^i tluMn (hiring; hir. term, thus
i^reatly iinin-. . inir the system. He is u ^uod
])ennnin and has taken irreat pride in liis work
dnrinji his tei-m as Clerk lie is a partner in
tlic firm 111' Ihii^Jies, M(jroan ic IJoirue. 1,'enerai
nierehau(ii>e (lealei'> in IIill>horo. He is inter-
ested in several vahiahle lamls. lioth in the eity
and county. He joined with Mes.-rs. Moi'irim
iVr liailey in imildiiij,' the tiiie-t hrick hlock in
the city of Ililisiioro, and it i> a cre(lit to the
city and to tlie liuilders. it is a model for fn-
tur(< hnildinjjs and evinces the enterprise and
puhlic spirit of its hnitdeis.

He was married on March 'J, 1881, to Mary
.M. Smith, of Wasliinirton countv. 'I'liev have
five children, namely: .\l\ira K., .\nna May,
Lucella Jay, Itlioila Helen and Thomas Kii^ene.
^[r. Ilniflies i~ an active memher of the I'". iV:
A. M. and is I'ast Master of his lodoe.

Such is hut a hrief sketch of one of the sfiii>
of Wa^hineton county. He has made a record
ill all he has attempted and is a son of whom
not only \Vasliin<ftoii county nniy he proud, hut
one to whom Orcffou herself may jioiut with
jiride and claim, as one of her |iopnlaranil rejire-
sentative sons.

tON. GKORGE II. WHJJ.AMS, one of
()refi;on"s most talented and honored piu-
iitiurs, wa.s born in Columhiii county. New
York, on March '2(i, 1823. I lis father!^ Taher
D. Williams, was born in Connecticut. The
family is of Welsh origin, and came to New
Enj,'laiid in the early history of the colonies,
settling in Connecticut. His maternal grand-
father, Noah (loodricli, fought for independence
from the battle of lUinker Hill to the surrender
of Lord Ci/rnwnllis. His paternal grandfather,
Edward li. Williams, served as a valiant soldier
in the continental army, participating in its
battles, and endtiring inanfnlly its hardships
iind privations. Following in direct descent,
from two such patriotic aTicestois, our subject
conies naturally by hi.s loyalty to the Govern-

nient, the cause of which he has always espoused
most ardently. His father nnirricd Miss Lydia
Goodrich, whose jieople ha<l einiiirated e(jually
early to New Entjland. They had two childicn,
both surviving. Oiir subject was raised in
Onondaga (bounty, .New Vork, and received his
i(lneati(Mi at the academy on I'lnnpry Hill. He
afterward stuiiied law with the Hon. Daniel
Gott, who was one (d' the prominent men of that
time, beinj; a member of Congress and a candi-
date for Supreme .Iiidgu of the State. In 1841,
when twenty-one years of age, he was adnntted
to practice in the courts of the State. He then
moved to Fort Mailison in the Territory of
lona, where he begun the practice of law. In
lS-17, at the tirs lection held under the State
(Jovernment, he was elect(?d .Inlge of the First
Judicial District. After -serving in this capac-
ity for five years, he declined re-election. In
18r)'2 he was one of the eloctor> ;., largo on the
Democratic ti(d<et, and canvassed the State for
Fraid<lin Fierce. .Vfter the election, Fresident
Fierce a|ipointed him Chief .fustice of Oregon,
and he removed with his family to that Terri-
tory, residing first in Salem. After serving as
Chief Justice for four years, he was reajipointod
by Fresident Buchanan, and served another
year, when he resigned. He then came to Fort-
land, in l8r)8, where he began the ])ractice of
law. He was elected soon after '■> the ("on-
stitutional Convention, and was a member and
chairman of the Judiciary Committee. ^Many
leaders of his party, the Democratic, in the con-
vention, were in favor of nutking < )regon a slave
■^tate, but against that he took decided grounds,
and the question was submitted to the people
separately. The Judge used his intluence and
voice in favor of a free State, and the pro- slavery
element w.as defeated, init his influence in his
party was greatly impaired. When the seces-
sion movement was inaugurated he dissolved
his connection with the Democratic party, and
helped to form the Union party, by which ho
was elected in 180)4 to the Unite(l States .senate.
He took his seat in the Senate at the end of the
great civil war, and a joint committee of the two
houses, consisting of thirteen members, of which
Judge Williams was one, was formed to examine
and report upon matters pertaining to the re-
construction of the Union. A large amount of
testimony was taken, and various measures dis-
cussed by the committee, without coming to any
definite conclusion. In the meantime, Fresident
Andrew .fohnson was proceeding, independently

tfW

r ?!i'

7R2

HISTORY OF OliKnON.

. I

1)1' ("onirresn, tn n'i)ii';iiii/i' tlic iinolteil Sttites,
1)}' rc'iiistiitiiii; ill jiowim' tlic Iciiili'is of the Ucl)ell-
ion. On tlic 4tli ol' Miiivli, lsti7, .IiuJge
AVilliiiiiis iiitroiliiucd in tiie iSi'imte u bill, un-
titled. A l)ill i'or till' iiiiprc fllicient (4()vcrmnunt
(if till' Stuti'.s liitflv ill rclii'llii)ii, wliicli, iii'tor
liciii;.,' iinirliilel, was |jii."slm1 liy liotli Houses of
Coiijrruss, lint was vctocil Ky tlio l'ii'.-.iilunt. It
wiis lliLMi hiiHsiMJ over his veto, and the States
were rueoiistriieteil under it, and were restored
to harinonioiifi relations with the Government.
Several other iinjiortaiit ineiisiires were 'ntro-
diieed hy him, and durinj,' his serviee in tlic
Senate, lie distiiif^nished himself as n stiitesinan
of aliility and liuimr to his State. Soon iifler
his term in the Senate, he was appointed one
of tlie Jidnt IIi;,'h Commissioners, to settle, hy
treaty with (treat nritiiin, the Alahama claims,
and other disputed (jiiestions hetwecii the two
countries, in which capacity he also rendered
the country vidiiahle eervice. In December,
1H1\., lie received the a|ipoiiitineiit. from Presi-
dent (irant. of Attorney-lieneral of the United
States. When he came intii otHce, the Ku-Klux
Clan and other similar oryiinizations in the
South had organized to deprive the Union and
colored citizens of that section of their political
riifhts. and the vij^orous measures adopted by
the Attoriiey-(ieneral for their suppression, and
the protection of the citizens of the United
States, broiii;ht upon him great hostility ironi
the party opposed to the Administration. In
1873, I'resiilent (.irant. ajipreciatinir his ability
and service to the country, sought to again honor
him,an<l, u[)on the death of Chief Justice Chase,
noniinated him for ('liief Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States. Judge AV'illiams
discovered that there was opposition in the
Senate to his confirmation, and reijuested the
I'resident to withdi'aw his name, wliich he did.
After attending to some legal business in Wash-
ington, he returned to the city of Portland, re-
suming the practice of his profession.

He was married, in 1850, to ^liss Kate Van
Antwerj), daughter of General Verplank Van
■\iitwerp. Tliey had one daughter, Ellen W.
His wife died in LSfil. Some years afterward
he married Mrs. Kate (ieorge, daughter of Mr.
Hoss 15. Hughes, of Iowa. They have an adopted
daughter, Kthel II.

The Judge has invested considerably in city
property, and ha-; built a handsome residence
on the corner of Seventeenth and C streets,
wli.-re lio now resides. lie is interested in

various enterprises, is a director of the (Com-
mercial National Hank and of the ( tregon
National I'ank, and owns btock in most of the
pulilic iinileitakings of the city.

Having had so many lionoral)le indorsers of
his abilities, fiiither comment on that point
would be superllous, except to aild that his
numerous aiimible traits of character, not always
necessarily combined with intellectual ability,
have endeared him to a large constituency and
a host of personal friends.

|KV. (iKOlKiK C. ClIANDi.KU, ;, promi-
nent ISaptift minister of < h'egon, came to
the 'I'erritory in 1851, and spent his life
in the M'l'vice of his Ma.-ter, teaidiilig and sjiread-
ing the knowledge of the gospel in the interest
of his church. lie is of Knglish descent, Will-
iam Cliiindler lia\iiig come from Yorkshire,
I'jigliiml, wlio>e >on, Thomas, located in .Viidnxcr,
MasMichusetts, from whom Henry, the father of
oiii' subject, was indirect descent, he being born
in .Ma>sachusetts, while the family of the late
President Rutherford H. llayi's are al><) de-
scended from the same ancestor.

The subject of our sketch was born in Chester,
X'erniont, March 19, ISOT. and was educated at
.MadiM)!! Iniversitv, of which he was a grad-
uate, after which he graduated at the Newton
Theological Seininarv in 1838.

In September, 1838, he married Miss j'ersis W.
Ileald, a native also of Chester, N'ermont. They
soon afterward removed to Indianapolis, Indiana,
where he was pastor of the I'aptist Chur<'li fr(Uii
1839 until 1813. He (hen removed to Franklin,
Indiana, where he was |iresideiit of l''raiiklin
College and pastor of the church at that jioiiit,
remaining there seven years. In ilie spring of
1851 he came across the plains with oxen to
( h'egon, stopping one year at ( )i'egoii City, and six
years in the Alollalla country, then in 1858 lo-
catinir at McMinnville, where he tauirht in the
college at that place, and besides this continued
to jireach. In 1872 he came to Forest (irove,
where he purchased a residence, and where for
two years he preached in the several l!a|iti. t
churches of Washington county. At the einl of
this time he was stricken with paralysis, uftei'
which he ceased preaching, but survived until
January, 1881, when his death occurred. He
wu^ a man of education ami ability, a lo\ ing.

iiisTonr (//■• (ihkhos.

kiinl-licartcd ('Iirictiiiii iiml [lolishcd aiiil i'cHiumI
^('Mtlciiiiiii. Hi- fVifiiil> wfiT iiiiiiirniiis mill
\vi(li's|)r('Mil, nil (>r wliciiii wi'i'c iiiiiiuiiiKHi^ in
iiiiinMiiiiK lii> lo^s. Ki'diii tilt' ( '(liiiiiiiiiiin ('ill-
icit' lit' ri't'i'ivcil tilt' lioimniry ilfiii'i'i' nl' A. M.,
wliili' Knirikliii ( 'iiilfi^f fdiit'fri'fil mi liiiii tiif
• tillt'iif I). 1).

Mr. 1111(1 Mi'>. ('imiicjlt'i' liiiil si'Nfii cliijili't'ii :
liiiiTfii Stdw (lifil, ujTfil II yt'iir mid a liall'; Kd-
wai'd K. is pasldi' (if 11 l!ii|ifist ("Inii'cli in Wav-
rcii, Uliiidc Island, and a j^'radliatc ul' tlic Class
(if ISOy, (jf till' Tliciil(ir.ical ScliiJdl at Cliica^rd;
•liilia ('. is thf wil't'dt' Vt . Lair Mill, wIk. was for
>('\i'ral ycai's itli'^.ir of the < )ri'tf(iiiimi ; Sarali is
till' widiiw of Nrarioii K. Iiolifrts; Mary is the wiff
of .1. ( '. ( 'lurk, and livuH lit tlif Dalit's; Arthur
( '. is a farint'r, rt'sidiinr nt McMininillc; Will-
iam I', died at tilt' ao;(' (if t\Vfiity-si\ years. and liin
widow iiiid cliiliircn roidc with Mrs ( 'handler.
Many years ai^o Mr. ('handler |iiireliasei| 150
iit'i't's adjoiniii;^ McMinnvilli', wjiidi has since
hei'oini' very \alnalilt' as residt'iice iimiK'rty,
iinti whifh Sirs. Chandler rt'et'iitly Iiik! [ilatttxl
into lots as Chandler's .Vddition to McMinnvilht.
This has sold exceedintjly well, and she liiis real-
ized from these sales a niiicli needed and ample
income. She is, altoe('tlier, a remarkalile |iei'-
son, |iossessiiie; iiniisnal intellii^eiice and loirieal
jndirinelit, is well informed and gifted with jileas-
iii(; coin t'rsational ahility. She en joys the esteem
of a lar^e commiiiiity. .Vs an evidence of tlie
eoiiraife retjnired of women in the early jiioiu'er
days, may he cited the fact that Mrs. Chandler
was often left alone at nieht with her infant
children on the lonely |)rairit's, with notiiinif Init
a liiilfido rohe for a door, and that at a time
when the country was infested with de|)rediitinij
trilies of Indians. It is to such wcineii the Na-
tion tiwen atrihnteof ifratitnile, as they tmil their
families posticss in niiniatiM'e all the elements
to iroinix form a State, — coiiraife, fortitude, jnile;-
int'iit, iierseverance, economy and toil. sii|i|ile-
menteil and overshadowed liy a :»ii|)renie and all
perMidini; piety and lielief in an overnilinii'
'roviilence.

fOIIN J. 1I.\KTMAN. a pro.sperons farmer
and an enterprisintj citizen of "^'am Mill
county, Ort'tron, is a native of j.iviiiirston
county. New York, where he was horn in 1825.
His father, Henry llartiuiin,is h native of I'enn-

sylvaniii, mid of (ierinun descent, his ancestors
haviiiir heen early settlers of the Keystone Slate.
Henry ilartinaii accompanied his |iareiit'- to
.\ew Vork. wlie|i he wiis a lioy. ami there he
was reared anil educated, and alteruard married
Miss I'ili/.alietli /.erfass, who \\a> a iiatiM' of
I'eimsylMinia, and i '' (iermmi descent. They
had fourteen children, one of whom died in in-
fancy, the rest attaining maturity, of whom ten
still ^-llr^•i\t■, two li\iii^ in (>rei,nin.

In 1852 the siiliject of niir sketch came lo
( 'iilihirnia, \ ill the Isthmus, first eojnjj; to ited
111 II If. where he worked on a farm. (In llie
loth of the folldwiiio- .laiinary, he reliirned lo
his home in western New ^ ork, iio;aiii retiirninj^
ro California on (tctoher 5,1855. (•oniiiin, as
formerly. Iiy way of the Istliiniis. lie wa- for
some time enjjaiied in niinine- in I'lacer coiiniy.
when, finally, in 1858. he went In the l''i'iiser
river, which he left soini after, in .Viionst. his
work there liii\ ilijr lu'eii a failure. It was at
this time that he came liy way of I'iie;t't sound
to I'ortland. Orei^on. whence he went to Tiiuli-
tiii jilaiiis, ill Washinijton comity, where he
worked for waijesdiirinir harvest time, lie then,
in iiartnership, funned 2(H) acres of wheat on
shares, which pindiiced twenty-five Imsliels to
file acre; the oats failed through the whole val-
ley. They receiM'tl 85 cents fur what oats they
raised, and the wheat liroiieht S1.25 a linsliei.
Mr. Uartman held his share until sprine. receiv-
inir only §1.10 a hiishel. This, however, o;ave
him a little start, and. in the sprinif of 18()(). lie
returned with his lirotlier. M. V. Uartman. to
California. They went to the mines, hiit hud
no luck, .iiiil worked thrmiifh hayiiii; and liur-
vt'sf. ami in the fall returned to ( )re^fon, coni-
iiiuto Yam II ill county, where he rented the lii\t'r-
side farm, which lies northeast of McMinnville.
Here the siihject of oiir sketch remained for
three years, meeting witli very jri-eat siu'ces.s.

In 18Pi4 lie went to his iirotlier in Wiishinijton
county, where they farmed for another three
years, and with the same flatterinir success.
They then, in 1807. |iurcliaseil a place near
llillslioro, which they farmed successfully until
1871. .Vfter this Mr. llartmaii was enoaifed in
the mereuntile liusiness in McMiniiville. inider
the firm name of Hartman lirofhers. which,
after seven years, he sold out to his lirotlier. He
then purchused a farm, which he ussidnolisly
cultivated and i^reatly iiii|)ro'-ed. and also, in the
meantime, rented .loliu (i. linker's farm, which

he worked for four years, makiliv;^

"'erivhle

■ spi I

7«l

lIItiTORY OF OBSOON.

iiMiiic\-. Ill ISSK lir crcclcil a ^iili>taiitiiil resi-
dence on Ills liiiul, iiiiil iiixi CDiiiiiiiKlious ^lu'lis
I'or liis irr.ilw 1111(1 .-liicl;. 'I'lie |ir(i|iertv cost liiiii
$3") all acre, ami is ikiw worth stiO, wliicli is a
llatteriiiH: tcstiiiioiiial l:i liis lliril'tv iiiaiian-eiiu'iit.
lie is a iiio-l lA.-ellciil rariiier, anil llie wlioK-
place testilies In that I'act, lieilii;- neat ami llolir-
isliine. lie now nwn> l-tC) acres of the liest
tilleil rarniin^ land in the county.

Ill 1^71 he married Miss Kachel S. Wisecar-
\'er, an estiinahle ladv. and a native of West \ ir-
einia. She is the daiiuhter ol' Mr. .laeoh Wise-
carvel', a well kiio>' n and hieiilv resjiected citi-
zen ol' this vicinity (see his history in this hooU).
Tliev have three |iroiiiisiii^ cliildl'elL, all of whom
were horn in Vain Hill comity: Klizaheth .lane,
iloliii W. and Harry (i., all residinir at lioine.

Mr. Ilartnian was ri'ared a Democrat, hut at
the hreakino' otit of the war hecame a stroiiir

r* . rs

rnioii man, and voted for ^^r. r,incoln; since
then he has heeii a lie|)uhlieaii. His constitu-
ents have shown their appreciation liy electinjr
him to the City Council, and thrice elwtiiiir him
to tlio retiponsihle position of City Treasurer, in
both of which caiiacitie-- he proved his ability
and iiiteority.

Mrs. Hartinaii is a worthy niemher of the
Christian Ghnrcii. to tlie support of which she
contrilnites. hotii of her influence and means.

Ofirreat reliahilify and istrict iiiteifrity, iii-
dustriiius and ecoiioinicai. and cordial to nil, lu!
lias risen to promineiicf in hiisiness. iind ^aiiie<l
the esteem of his fellow-men.

,()N. WILLIAM Sl'EXCEll NEWP.URV,
e.\- Mayor ol' Oregon's heautiful metropo-
lis, and a diBtiiifTuished jurist, is a native
of llipley. New York, vvliere he was born Sep-
tember lit. IHHl.

His father, -John A. Newbury (spelled by
Roine mcnibors of this renowned family ■• New-
berry"'), also born iu New York State, was a de-
scendant of Thomas Newbury, of Kcwhury
Castle, Devonshire, Euirliind. Thomas New-
bury eaine to .\merioa in IBSO, and located in
Dorchester, Massac,hus<ats, from which family
the Newbiirys of Cliicago. Detroit, Cleveland,
Lansinir am! St. Louis are supposed to have de-
scended, lie died in l*i3(], at Windsor, Con-
necticut, and his e.stiite was settled tiiere in
103'J. Uis cliildreu became the founders of

Newbury port, of the same State. His son
Thomas married in ltiT(), and was the father of
-loseph New'"iry, who married Sarah I-oomis,
.March 2, HOS. His son Jos 'ph married Miss
Syhel Stouirhton. .'uly ti, ITl'.t, and his son,
Loomis G., was the father of .lolin /y., who was
the father of the sidiject of our skeleh. I'roin
.Massachusetts the Newburys spread to Con-
] necticiit, New York and I'ennsylvania. and then
■ to the more Western States, wdiere many of them
! beeaine prominent in the professions and in the
j ooverntnent of their count I'y. The father of
(jiir subject married Mtss Louisa Spencer, a
] native of Genoa, Now York, a descendant of an
I old and distinguished family of the Empire
1 State, many of whom figured prominently in
the affairs of that time. They had si.x children,
all now livinjf. The mother died about 1S40,
but the father survived until IHiiO, wdien his
death was caused by an accident, in the eighty-
fourth year of his age.

William S. Newbury is the eldest of the fam-
ily, lie attended the common schools of his
native town, after which he wetit to Chicago,
Illinois, in 1850, where he remained until tlio
summer of 1854, except when visiting relatives
an<l friends on Eox river, Illinois, when he re-
turned home to regain his health. While in
Chicago he made liis home at the Sherman
House, corner of Clark and Randolph streets,
and was employed by the firm of Cornley, Byrn
& Co., 171 Lake street, tor a long time prior to
his return to New Y'ovk. Having fully re-
gained his health, he again left liis old home in
New York and returned West, via (Chicago and
Milwaukee, to Fox Lake. Wisconsin, and stiidic-d
lavv- for si.x mouths in the otfice of Hon. .John
W. Davis. Then he went to Madison and at-
tended the Yv'^isconsin Mercantile College, where
he took a regular course in bookkeeping, pen-
manship and commercial law. After graduating
there, he held several imjiortant positions in
northwest AVisconsin as principal bookkeeper,
I accountant and mamjger. In the fall of 1857
j he took a trip for his health, visiting St. Louis,
1 New Orleans, Havana, (^uba, and New York
j city, spetiding the winter at the old homestead,
I and returning, via Chicago and Madison, to St.
I I'aul, Minnesota, landing in St. Pjutl in March,
I 1858.

In the fall of 1858 he took entire ciiarge, at
! Sioiix City. Iowa, of the Little American Fur
I Coiiipany of St. Louis, which then had 'rinlin'^
I posts along the Missouri ami Yellcvitone

lIKTotiY Oh' iiUKildX.

1%»

rivers titid tln'ir triliiifiii'it's for a (iisfiini'c of
3,000 iriilfS, exIeiidilifT also to old Fort Ci i :!r
d" Alciic, ill Idaliii. I'nuri Sioux City lie W'l?,
in tile fail of ISoi}, to St. lAnlif, Missouri, ami
tiieiu'e to lola, Kansas, in 1800.

In 1801 the great civil war tiroke out, and in
answer to I'resident Lincoln's call for volnnteers
with which to sujipress the rebellion, he clotied
hi.s law oflice and a proiitalde hiisincss anil en-
listed in Coniiany IC, Sixth Ke^nnicnt Kansas
^'olnnteers. This \va> a mixed regiment of in-
fantry and cavalry, of which he was coniniis-
fioned First l,ienterntnt of infantry. They were
for a time a* Fort Scott. Kan^as, and alonijf the
Kansas border. In March, 1802, the infantry
of the Sixth v,a8 consolidated with the infantry
of the Kitrhth. and his company became Coni-
jianv V. Kighth Kansas Infantry, of which he
was First Lieutenant, with his rei;iinent stationed
at Fort Leavenworth. Kansas, under command
of old Major I'rince. up to December, 1802.
From there they were transferred to tlie Army
of the Cumberland, at Nashville. Tennessee,
and he served under the command of (General
McDowell. McCook, cominandino- the Twentieth
Army Corps, until the reorganization of the
Army of the (^unibe-'and at Chattanootra, Ten-
nessee, in September, 1803, when lie was trans-
ferred to the Fourth Army Corps, (ieneral Gor-
don Granger commanding, and was in (ioneral
Wood's diviei.m. General Willich's brigade. He
parlicipate<l in the two days' battle of Chicka-
mauga, commanding his company, where he re-
ceived two sliirht wounds in the left leg. When
the battle of Mission Ridge and Lookout Mount-
ain began he was in command of Conijiany II.
Eig htli Kansas Infantry, and in chargt of the
picket line in his immediate front, and later,
when tliey stormed the Ridge, he bad coininand
of and led Company II, Eighth Kansas Infan-
try, the officers of said company having been
killed at the battle of Chiekaina\nra. Durinir
this engagement he was wounded in the ankle
and the hip, but was not disabled. On the third
day of this battle he was at one tim > close to
General (Jrant at his headquarters at Orchard
Knob, and heard liim give command to charge
General liragg's center, to favor General Sher-
man, who was being repuls-eil on our left. Not-
withstanding l.is wounds, lie kept with his
company, going on forceil day and night
marclies to the relief of General l!urn^ide at
Knoxville, Tennessee. In February, IH*^!, most
of his regiment had re-eidisted, and they were

errtiitled to go to Fui't l.i uuiiworlh on U'leran
favi' for thirty days, but (Jener.'d Schotield.
who was in eoiumand ( '' that ilcpiirtment. re
tainnl him to assist in the return of the vileran
volunteers to their various regiments, .\fter
that he ri-ceiveij the apjiointment of .\s>istant
IVovost Marshal (iern-ral of the Slate of Kansas,
in whi(di capacity he MTved until late in .ianu-
ary. 1805. u hen he roigned. h.'ivlng been electeil
Assistant Secretary of the State Senate.

I'rcvioiiH to his enlisting in the army lu' had
read law in Wisconsin, i- aliovf -tated. and the
year following hi- resignation from the .•iriiiy.
in 1805. he was admitted to the bar in Hum-
boldt. Kansas, practicing there and in lola. (d'
the same State. IL- wai- at one time Mwployed
by the pe(i[)le of liis sf<'ti«»ti to eontt-»t a •-•at in
the lvan>as Legislature. msA Inul tlir- .-arisfac-
tion of seating bis man. It was soon after thi»
that he wa,s el»-cted, by a nnanimuus vote, and
without bin solicitation or knowledge, a- .\ssis't-
ant Secretary of the Senate.

At the tinu' of his advi-tit into lola, KaiiMs,
there was very little there, and he became nHie
of the founders, and was actively engagcl in
conti'ibutiiig to the growth and jiniKpc'rity of thf
place, lie was commissioned i'usl master of
lola in IHtll by Postma>1er-(ieneral IJIair; and
although be resigned thi^ appoinlnifut when he
entered the volunteer service thai y ar, lie w»f
at once recommi^^•ionell by the Fostnii»eter-
General, anil reipiired to retain hih said oflice
and be responsible foi' his deputies during his
service in the army. In 1809 he was elected
Mayor of the town, which otlice he resigned in
.Inne, 1870, when he decided to come to the Pa-
cific coast.

He came first to San Franci-co. and tti<»n
visite<l the southern and westei'u jiorticms of tkM>
State of Oregon, .and settled in I'orlland in Ah-
gust. 1870. He soon engaged in the wheat
business, with headi|uarters at .\lbaiiy. when- he
rcniainei! for three years, lining a very lar/e
business. During this time lie ali-n (m«1'!t in
agricultural implements. He pur»Hia»ed IrW,-
000 bushels of wheat in one day. for wliieh lie
paid 81 pel' bushel.

lu 1874 he returned to Portland, where h"
has resided ever since, and wiiere In- practieeii
law for a couple of years, then engaging in
mercantile bu.-iness. lie nvgaiiized flit- luisiuess
now owned by Frank Pros. I't Co., ar>«i wa« in
tereeted in the enterprise for two y*>M-~. ilni-iug
which rime he was very successful. Then he

%\\\

780

irrsTonr <if orisoon.

(ji'f^iniiz('i| tin: liriii of Ni'wlmi'y. ('lia|(miin ^
Ci).. cmnnosed (if W. S. Ncwliiiry. •!• A. Oliiqv
iiiiiii iiiiil ,].Vj. Iliiwtlioni, drilling in iigricult-
iiral iiiipletiieiit:-. Mr. NewlMiry ua.s the lifiid
and inunafrer of tliis Imsiiu'st!. svliicli wan like-
wir-i' very tiucccHBriil. Af'tur a year Dr. J.C.
llawlliorii liDiiglil Dr. J. A. Cliapniaii's interest,
tin; lirm then liecoiiiiiiir Newlmry. Ilavvtlidrn &
(!ii. 'i'liey coiitiiiiied tliis l)iiiiine>H until ISSO.
Ii\' wlii(^li lime fliey liud ai'iniired an iinineiiso
trade aii<l iiad (^■*tal)lislieil sovei'al lii'ancli honse.".
Mr. Newlmry ii\vnin;x ("le-tliiiMJ. and l''"- ilaw-
tlnirii ttt'o-tliird-- interest in said hnsiness. Abont
this time Dr. liawlliorn dieil. and Mr. Newlmry
retired iidni Imsiness, otliei' than the practice of
his |irofession, whioh lie still jjrusperouply con-
tiniiGB.

.\lmnst without his (■oiisent. and while he
wap alisent from the eity. he was eleetcd Mayor
of I'ortland. servingfor two years, from .Inly.
1877, to .Inly, l^!7!l. In this caijucity his superior
executive ability and loni^ linsincsri and leijjal e\-
|)erience wei-e enlisted, to the very ^ri'eat henetit
of municipal affairs, whicii were never more
prosperous than when lie held the reins r)f <j;ov.
eminent. Later he was nominated by his |)arty
.IS a candidate for Representative to the State
Lejiislature, but declined to run.

October 11, ISCiO, lie was married at Middle-
ton, Wisconsin, to .Miss .\lzina Taylor, a native
of New Vorl<, and their married life of more
than thirty years has been pleasant and happy
to both. They have two daiiffhters livinj^. botli
residents of J'ortlaud, namely: Izetta, wil'i' of
George W, I'ool: and Xena Estella, wife of
Charles N. Stevt-nson.

Mr. Newbury is a stai cli Republican in poli-
tics, with whicli party he has afKliat(!d since its
organi/iation, and whicli ie assisted in organ-
izing as early as 1S54. Since 18(50 he has at
all times been active in his county's interests,
and in aiding the growth and develo|)ment of
each section where he lived, as well as proud of
his whole country and its Hag, i.iul the ii'.stitn-
tioiis whicli it represents.

lie is a promin(iit member of the i.O. O. F.,
to whicli fratiM'nity he has belonged since 1855,
and has passcl all the chairs in both branches.
He has been Grand I'atriarch, and has served
us Supreme (iranil Representative to the Sover-
eign (iraiil Lodgt^ of the World, lie is, of
course, a member of the (i. A. U. He was the
Inu^terillg olHccr, ami organized (leorge Wright
Tost, No. 1. of I'ortland.

His experience has been most varied, and in
all callings and \icissitndes he has displayed the
energy of superior ability, being a trusted citi-
zei., a faithful jiublic servant, an able advocate,
and a brave scddier. ['ersonally, he is of medium
height, has pleasant features, black hair and
briglit eyes, and lie still enjoys excellent healtii,
with faculties keener, it' possible, than in earlier
years. He is honored and respected by all who
know him, and although <d' a retiring <lisposi-
tion, is none th(> less popular wiih the ])ublic.

RLANDO OHVILLL: H()i)S()N,an en-
terprising and successful business man of
•i^^ McMinnville, ( )regon, was born in Car-
thage, Rush county, Iinliana, May '21, I'i')!. His
ancestors were wealthy Kngli.-h (Quakers, who
inherited an unblemished reputation for the
highest morality and greatest business inteirritv.
The name w. as originally spelled •Tlodirsoi.," but
in LS'20, the " g " was dropped.

Rtdiert llodson bequeathed his jiropi'rtv to
his brother, William, and his brother's lieirs.
William's son, (ieorge, was born in Ireland, in
in.jO, and when of age, emigrated to America,
locating in i'ennsylvaiiia. His son, Robert, re-
moved to North Carolina, where his son, .lona-
tliaii, was horn, whose son, Mattliew, removed
to Clinton county, Ohio, where, on October 1,
1830, his son, Asa II. llodson, was born.

Asa II. llodson was reared and educated in
Ohio, learning the tinners' trade. He continued
to reside there until 18.")0, when he removed to
Indiana, whicli was then a new and sparsely set-
tled country. He was shortly afterward mar-
ried to Margaret M. Hogan, also a native of
Ohio. They hail three children: Orlando Or-
ville, thesul)jectof our sketch; C. W., a resident
of I'ortland, Oregon; and C. M., now residing
ill < (irvallis, ( )regon.

In 18(iO Asa 11. llodson removed with his
family to .Muncie, Delaware county, Indiana,
from which jdace they removeil. in lS7!i, to
Oregon, where he continued to reside until his
death, which occurred in .McMinnville, May ti,
188il. He was a n.aii of untiring energy, in-
dustry, thoroughly honorable in his dialings,
and of a social and kindly disposition, and luid
gained the esteem of all who knew him. He
was a prominent Mason, having joined this fra-
ternity in 1855, and, as opportunity ollereil, at-

ii^-i!mu,j.niuji«ijwi«, isii

niSTOl;y <iF (iHKCdS.

taini'<l till' liiglu'i- ilcgrces of Aiicif lit ( 'raft Ww-
^oiiry. lit! sfrvt'il I'm' ft'voi'al yeai'biis i\lH-.tui- ol
his lodge ami as lligli I'l'ii-'st nf tlii' (•liajiti'i'.
1 Ic was tlit> iii-iiaiiiziT of t lit' tirst (ii'aiwl ((iiiii-
v\\ (if Uuval and SeliH-t Mastcrii in rlie Noi'tliwott
and was its tirst llliisti'ioiis Master, lie also nr-
ganized a Cduncil <if Higli I'riests. and was tlic
tirst t(i Confer degives of this heawtit'id and snh-
liiiie cirder in Oi'eifoii.

The siihject iif our sketch, ( )i'lando Orville
llodson, was reared to manhood in ifiincie, In-
diana, and attended the public schools, lie be-
gan at the age of sixteen years to learn the tin-
ners' trade of his father, and has since continued
ill that business.

In 1878 he removed to Oi'egon, and woi-ked
as a joiirneynian in Salem, niitil February, 1880,
when he came to MeMinnville, where his father
was in the hai'dware business. lie worked a
year for his falher, at rhe end tif which time he
was taken intti the tiriii. The business was veiy
successful, and in 1888, onr subject juirchased
the whole enterprise. Its prosperity continued
iin^il it became one of the largest enterjjrises in
the town. em|il(iying from eight to ten men.
Hesides a regular hardware, stove and tin busi-
ness, he is a contractor and inaniifactnrer of
roofing and galvanized cornice, inany of the
jniblic buildings of the State being the work of
Ills house. lie now carries a very large stock
of goods, owns the business block where he is
located, besides having one of the best residences
in the town, all of which he has acipiired with-
out any assistance, other than that afforded by
his own intelligent and persevering endeavoi's,
thorough attention to all details, and n|)riglit
dealings.

He was married February 26, 1881, to Miss
Nellie E. Hoyce, an estimable lady, and a native
<if Muiicie, Indiana. She is tliedan<{hter of Mr.
.James Hoyce, a prominent niaiinfacturer, and
esteemed citizen of that town. iShe came to San
l"'raneisco, wlieie Mi. Ilodson met liei', and th'\y
were married. They have one danghler, Edna
M., who was born in MeMinnville, and who re
fleets credit on the State of her nativity.

Mr. Ilodson is a prominent member of tne
J'oard of Trade of the city, where he has ac-
ipiii'eil the re|)iitatioii of being one of lier most
energeiic and enterprising citizens, taking an
active interest in everything pi''taining to the
public welfare.

Like his father he has a good record as a Ma-
son. Wlieii twenty -oii^ years of age, in May.

1878, he joined Mi

:s:

(»n

, Alilli.'ie l.o.lge, No. -tiil

February 10, 18H1, he was (hniiitled, joining
Cnion l.odoe, .\(i. 4;{, Ajiril !•, l.S^l. nnd has
held neai-ly all the otlices of the lodge, and is at
present its Worshipful Master. On duly 21,
1883, he became a member of Taylor ( hapter,
Xo. 1(5, and has ludd all the oHice> np to High
Priest, except that of Sentinel. On Febrnaiy
h. 1S!)1, he was elecleil to the t'oiincil of Royal
and Select Masters, and was elected Captain of
the (i'.iard. which otlice he has since held. He
was idected Deputy Grand llliir-lrions blaster of
the Council, Feiiniary 2, 1SU2. On, June 8,
1891, at the meeting of the (irand Council, he
took the order of High Priest, and at that meet-
ing, was elected Master of Ceremonies.

In December, 1880, he joined the A. O. U
W., and has held neaily all the otlices of that
society.

He and his wife are Christian members of
Knowle Chapter, Xo. 14, Order of the Eastern
Star, of which she is a worthy matron. In re-
ligions views, they are Universalists, and both
are highly esteemed for their many pi'iictical
virtues.

Thus is briefly sketched the details of an emi-
nently sncceasful life. Not successful from
merely a worldly standpoint, but (uninently so,
when viewed from all jioiiits of view, and scanned
in the searching light of truth, honor and virtue.

-=S*<

^m^^^m'

HJJAM POINTER, Tieasuier of Wash-
ington county, Oregon, was bom in the
State of Indiana on the 14tli of .Inly.
18!i8. He comes of good old Kentucky an-
cestry. Hie father and grandfather both bore
the name of William Pointer, and both were
born in Kentucky. The birth of Slv. Pointer's
father occurred on the i;{||i of October, 180;i.
He "as raised in his native State, and married
tliere Miss Ara A. [iwA^ also a Kentuckiaii.
They had eight children, three of vihom are liv-
ing. He came to Oregon in 1875. settled on a
farm in Washington eoiiiity, and was a mem-
ber of the ('hristian Church ami an upright
citizen \o the day of bi,s death, wdiich occurrcil
on the 11th of (')ctober, 1885.

William wa* the second child, and is now ihe
eldest of tlic three surviving ones. He was
educated in Indiana and Iowa, in the public
schools. After leaving school he learned the

7H8

nisrOHY OF (IliEGON.

trnile of a ciir|iLnt(M-. iiml wurkcil at it ^nvcral
yeuiM, and llieii ueiit l>> II illnliiiiiiii|^li. arnl Iihm
lircn ('ii<^uj;f-(l vM'Y eiiici' in foiilractiiij^ ami
Ijiiiidini^. lie haw hii'ii mic <it' tiie lendiriii; iru-ii
ill liiii IjiibiiicsH and lias d'liii' a larj^c aiiiiniiil ol'
tlie linst work ill tlu'ciiiiiitj. lie iiiid tliolniild-
iiif^ III' till- addilidiis ami tlio ('(imiiietidii of the
county coiirtlioiiM'. IJe has invested his inoiiey
in |)id|ic'rty. iumI built a heautifiii house tor liiin-
self. Tlie record lie has made lor hiiiiselt' is a
o-dud one and worlliy of admiration. Ho is a
Kc|iulili('aii in politics, ancj from ISS-t to ISSo
he served us ('jerk of the Sehoiil Distriet. Dui'-
ino that time he took an extra interest in the
Kciiool allairs and rendered the soliools xalnahle
s(M'vie(^, In 1888 he was n|i|ioint(il Treasurer
of the county, to till a vaeanc^y, and in 1890 he
was nominated hy his party tor tlie ollice. and
he was indorsed liy the democratic liarty, and
out of the 2,100 votes cast in the county he re-
ceived 2,871). He is now sorvinn; his fourth
year. He is a memlier of the Masonic frater-
nity, and has had several of the oilices of his
body.

Mr. I'ointerwas mai-ried on the 1st of .\ii^ii6t,
1S73. to Miss Annie V.. Harmon, of IJoston,
and the daiiolitcr ot Mr. V.. 8. Ilaniion. This
union was lilessed with one child, a daiii;hter,
Ara v.. Mr. and Mrs. Pointer lived iinr'-t hap-
pily toi.'ether for luneteen years, until the death
of tlie latter in ^lay, 1892. She was an excel-
lent wiMiian, and her loss was a great one to her
husband ami dauohter. Mr. I'ointer's record in
Washington county has been such as to make
him niLinv friends, anil he is a man of kind and
oeneroiis impulses and apjireciates theconlideiice
and I'riendsliip tiiat lie receives.

-•<^i

m*«^H^%>i^-i^

^HimiA II .\ M XKI.St )N, vice-president of the
;raifc Indepenilence National Hank, is one of
•^^ I'olk county's most worthy capitalists as
well as one tif her most enterprising citi/en*.
He was born in Iowa, October 29, 1S;19, of
Scotch ancestry, ami is the son of Isaac Nelson,
a native of I'emlletnii county, Virginia, born
October 10, 1810. ( M'amil'atiior P.anliam Nel-
son was also a Virginian and a soldier in the '.
war of 1812. He was taken sick and given a i
leave of absence, i)nt died at Norfolk in the fall i
of 1814, when on his way homo. The i'atherof ■
our siibjeet was the yomii^est child in the faui- ,

ilv of five children thus left fatherless and poor.
The mother did the iiest slit^ could. Imiight a
small, cheap farm in the mountains of Virginia,
wlierii she reared her family to matui'ity. They
had a hard time to get along as there was so
little with which to purchase food and clothing,
hut they kept in health, and in later life Mr.
Nelson expressed the belief that those hard
times taiiglit endurance that conduced to health.
Until bis twenty-third year he lived with his
mother and then engaged in business for him-
self. .luni'O, 1835.111 I'endleton county. Vir-
ginia, he married .Miss Phelie Harjier. a native
of that county, who was born May 3. 181().
After their marriage they mutually agreed to
remove to Vermilion county, Illinois, then a
new and unsettled country; and on horseback,
with what few clothes they had, they started to
find and make a home in the wilderness. They
built their cabin ami began the pioneer life,
their live-stock consisting of a pig and a ])up.
The pu]) got mad and Mr. iS'elson had to kill
him and the pig died of mange, and go he and
his wife were all that were left.

In February, 1830, Mrs. Nelson was taken
with rheumatism and was not able to work un-
til the following year. 'I'hey discovered th;it
they had settled in a milk-sick district, and the
lilack Hawk purchase being ojiened for settle-
ment, he made a Iw. gain to drive a team for »
man who was moving to it, upon condition that
he could take his wife along. They hitched five
yoke of oxen to a wagon and he took the whip,
and. as he expi'essed it, there was a green driver
ami a green team, but bid'ore the end of the
journey was reached both were tame enough.
They crossed the .Mississippi river at Fort .Mad-
ison and finally lauded in tlie Territory with his
wife and baby daughter, and with twenty-live
cents in money.

At this time the country was in a complete
state of natur(^ ami herein the wilderness the
others took up claims, ami he, without knowing
what to choofe, took one too. and fortune fa-
vored him, for his claim proved a good one. In
the fall of 1838 the land came into market. He
had no money and at that time the latter com-
modity commanded a high rate of interest, and
he olfired his claim for sale, receiving S^425 and
two yoke of oxen for the same. After this
transaction onr subject started out to look up a
new claim and located in Van Hiiren county,
where he made his home for the rest of iiis life.

In the summer of 1839 the Goveriiiuent ran

'«(•,

'•'^•

'htyt-^-tn-

■x.

' uMi^'-' .'^:

788

iitaroiiY Oh' 'iiiKnox.

trade III' II ciii'iienlt'i', and W(prku<l at it snvernl

ywii'H, and IIk n wuiit I
been i!ii^a;;(;il ever hi
liiiildin^. Ill; liius lieoi
ill liiij liiisincriH ami lias
tlu) iKwt W(irl< ill tiic CO
iiif^ iif tin; iidditiciiis a
ciiiiiity cnaillii.iiK'. Ill-
in |ini|ii'rty. aini liiiilt a
sc

l^ll. Ill

1 'Milrmliii;:^ lilid
■ <: ill' ihu loiidinjji' uicii
•111: a iargo Hiiinuiit cf
:;y. lie liad tlie Imilil
' the coriiplctiiiii nf llie
'las invented liig (iiuiiey
li(;aMtiFiii liiMh;e for liiiii-

'J'lie record lie lih^ madt; lor liiniselt' i- »
ijood one and uorliiy (d' fulinirauon. lie is n
liepidiiiean in jiolilicp. i!.d from XSH^ to 1S85
lie Kfrved as (^lerk of tiii; iScliool Dihtriet. Dur-
ino that time lie took :im extra interi'sl in tlie
Heiiool atlairs and renderid the .-elioolK vuiiinl)!e
service In 1S8M lie \\a.s a|i|iiiinl(d TreaMirer
of tlieeomity, to till a vacaiicv. and in l>*!iO In;
was nominated iiy Ids juirty t'or tlieotlice, and
lie was iiidorsud liy the I teuiocralic [larly, and
out of tlio 2.400 votes ca>t in the coiintv be re-
ceived 2.(]7(). lie is now wervinji his foartli
yea '. I'e is a meniher of ilie Masonic fr.it(;r

nit.- ;.od lias had sever' •!

IkkIv.

Mr. Pointer was niai'rii
1 -iTi], to Mi>8 Annie K 1'
and the daiicrhter of Mr. 1..
union was blessed uith one child, a daniriiter,
Ara v.. jMr. and Mrs. I'oinler lived tnoi-t ha|)-
|iily to^^etiier for nineteen years, until tiie death
of the latter in ^lay. 189M. Slu? was ho e\i.v'
lent Woman, and her loss was ii i/reiil one to Iter
liiisiiand and daiioliter. Vfv. !'i ^iti-'c'- i-"cr,ri mi
Washinglon county has h
him many friends, and he
oenerons im|iii]ses and app
and friendship that he reci

e ollices i.f Ids

■ ■ i,.: •-'. ,\-,.-;ikI.
t-;i of I!•l^torl.
Uiinnon. This

iipiH\ of kinii Mid
lie* till! fohtideiiee

®^>®©^-''-;.-^^^

>H1:A II AM N KLS< »N. . ice |m>ident of the
Independence Natioi'al l!ank. i< one of
I'olk county's most v\ortiiy capitalists as
as one of her most tntc-prit^ing citiy.en.s.
was iiorn in Iowa, O^ioher 2!t, ISill), if
Scotcdi ancestry, and is the ■•on of Isaac .Ni l.^on.
a native of iVndleton eoip'v \'ir^inia, horn
October 10, ISlI). (irandfi.i.HT Haiiliam Nil
son was also a Virginian ai;d a soldier in tJK'
war of 1812. He was tttkeii c-icU an<i Lr'^en a
leave of absence, hut died ai Norfolk in the lull
of 1814, when on his way homo. The father of
oiir subject was the youiiif'ji-i clrid in the fani

ily of five children thus left fatherlnsR nnd xviuw
Ihe iiK'ilii r '111 ihe best ftlu* could, boiijiht a
sniidl, cheiip. iiirm in the mountains of Vic^inia.
where flu; rt,iiv<d her family to maturity. 'J'liey
had a (i.ud 'lint' lo ^'et along as thero was so
little wilt, 't iiK ti to purchase food and (dotiiin^,
but tiioy k< [•' .'» health, and in later life Mr.
iVeKoti ■■>■ jin nrj <i the belief that those hard
timet (aii)..(i' ' n'litniiico that conductd to health.
L ntil his t *•';•; V tidrd year lie livoii with his
niother and (Inn I'njjiiyed in business for him-
self. .Innei 5, I83ri. in I'undlefon county. Vir-
einiri. he iiiarriod .Mii-s Fhebe Ilai'per, a native
ol Itint county, who was born May .H, 1810.
After their )narria;»e they irnihiully •i^roed tf>
remove to Vermilion county, Jliinoifi, then a
ne\', and unsettled country; nnd on ho.'-soback,
with \vl.iat few (dothes they had, ihi;y started to
find and make a home in the wilderness. 'J'hey
built their cabin and bef:;aii the pioneer life,
tludr live-stock consisting; of a |iii; and u 4>np.
The puj) irot mad ami Mr. Nelson bad to kill
him and the piji; died of mango, an 1 *i; he and
lii,> \\\U: were all tliat uere l»*ft.

In February, 183ii, .Vila, Nel.on was taken
with rhi'iimatisiii and was not able to work un-
til the followiiii; year. They discovered that
they had settled in a milk-sick district, and the
llhu'.k Hawk pure base being opened for settlo-
ineiit. he innde u bur|;5aiti to 'Iriv.; n SeHin '••." a
ij-iii wb.' Wrts iiii-i.'ijlj{ !o it. tijjon i'Midi'ioti tlOt

l.eoonid uk« iiii' wtff: ftl(?»ii^, Tin-.y hilcbed fi\e
yoke of KX^'ii tr< a w«^on iiiiil ht- took she whip,
.--.ml MS t|0 ( xp|.v»e.l it, tiuTc wa.s a green <lriver
.uid a jjree!! teMi'i, hii*. 'Hifore the end of the
jviiirney whh reached l)oth were tame enough.
They eros.sed the Mississippi river at Fort i\Ia<l-
isoii and linally lamiod in the Territory with his
wife and babv ilaujirliter, n'nd with twcsnty live
i-ent.- in money.

.•\t thi^ time the country was in ■» complete
state of natnie, and herein the wilderness the
others took- up claims, and he, without knowing
what to choose, took one too, and fortune fa-
vored iiiiii, for his chiiui proved a good I'l" . In
the fall of 18HS the land can. e into marke'. He
liiid Oil money and at that time the latter cotn-
niodity conimatidtd a hiirh ratr I'F iutoreat, and
• :r olTi red his claim for sa'>-, receiving -8 lio and
t-.vo Yoke, of oxen for t!i» ^ame. After this
ir'Hi-aelioti our .-ubjrct .-iarfed out to look np a
new cbtini and located ,n Van J^>uren county,
wiier< he made his home 'or the rest of his life.

Ill '-1 • su'iiuiei- of 1831t the (,rovernnielit ran

-V..

«Xf

■a-ir-y^

' !?l

I'.

JtlSTOUr OF i)/tfi<}ON.

T.S'i

tlie lino liutwt'i'ii flio liiinl uf tlie linliiiii.i mid of
tliB (tovermiieiit, anil his laiiil proved to he on
the Iridiiiii side; but tiu're tlicy reiniiint'd until
the tall of ISH, wlicii they winv ordered to
le»v(^ anil they ohcyed, moving their riisidenee
across the line. In the fall of 1S4:2 the (iov-
urnnient made another piirchaeo and the treaty
was ratified, and in the spring he returned to
Ids former farm. Aliout this time the ^reat
Indian chief, lilack Hawk, died, and was hurled
on the bank of the Dcs Moines river, adjacent
to his village, later known as lowaville, and one
mile from Mr. Nelson's home.

The circumstances of his burial were jjocmI-
iar. A hole eight or ten feet square anil corre-
spondingly deep was dug and covered, wigwam
like, with l)ark. There was a series of steps
leading down into this so-called grave. The
chief was ]ilaced in an arm chair in the center,
dressed in Indian attire with the exception of a
tall silk hat. His two favorite ]ionie8 were shot
and ])laceil on either side of the grave; halters
were on them and the straps secured to the
arms of the chair containing the corpse, so tljat,
after the the tribe's superstition, he might lm\e
them to ride to the happy huntiugground.

After a time the body was stolen by Dr.
Thonias, of Chicago, wdiich affair created great
consternation among the Indians in that vicin-
ity, and would have resulted in a massacre of
the entire settlement but for Mr. Nelson and
two other men, wiio assured the old chief's sons
and other hostile Indians that the body would
bo returned to them, as it was soon after.

After this Mr. Nelson labored and prospered
and reared to maturity a family of eleven chil-
dren, nine dauirliters and two sons. Three of
these have since died: three arc on the Pacific
elope and the others are settled near the old
homestead. They had many a struggle in their
early life, hut grew up with the country and
our subject has been one of the hardy sons who
thrived on those early hardships.

Mr. Nelson grew to bo one of the best farm-
ers in that section of the country and the
owner of (503 valuable acres of land, with fine
buildings and all the comforts of life. When
he became comfortable he and his wife went
back to old Virginia and brought the dear old
mother back with them and cared lovingly for
her during the rest of her life. Also he ro-
mcnibernd a brother who was unfortunate, and
he too was brought to the comfort of his own
home and oared for until death. In 187G Mr.

and .Mr>. Nelson made the trip again alM•^l^s the
eoiitiuent, visited .New York and other cities,
and went to l'hiladel|iliia and viewed the won-
der.-- of the groat i'X|Jo^iliori. I'pon his return
he was aide to give graphic di'scriptious of (ho
wonders he had seen. This had boon a groat
treat to the man who, as a lad, had been reared
in the bleak Virginia mountains and had spent
his aftt'r life in making a home in the wiiilor-
ness of Iowa. He died February U), 1!SS9, in
his seventy eighth year, and his faithful coin-
jianiou had died one year previous, in her oigh-
ty-tirst year. Thoy were genorou>, kiinl hoarlod
and hospitable, ami often e.\pro(.sed lln-ir pleasure
that it had been aiforded them to be kind to the
poor, the old and the needy. Such characters
were the noble parents of the subject of our
sketch.

Abraham Nelson, the thirtl child <d' the fam-
ily, was born and raised on his fatliei''s farm in
Iowa, was educated at the lu'iiihborini; schools
and .Vxline College, l''airlield.

Like other ambitious young men of those
day he was eager to sec the far West. His I'a-
tliei gave him a mare, four yoke of oxen ami a
wagon, which he loaded with several kegs of
whisky, a ijuantity of honey, nuiple sugar anil
other provisions, besides sevoi'al dozen pairs of
socks and his clothing, tlu* whole valued at
ijlfSuO.

On May 9, 1804, in his twenty-fourth year,
he, in company with three other young men,
undertook the journey to Hoise City, where he
expected to dispose of his load at a good price
to the miners.

The little train, consisting of two wagons,
came alone as fai' as Julesburg on the Platte,
where they joined a train of forty-four wagons,
with Abo koberson, now of liruneau valley,
Idaho, as captain. The trip thus far was un-
eventful. The first dilliculty encountered was
crossing Platte river, which was two miles
wide. They swam the oxen and paid $10 fer-
riage on each wagon.

They moved slowly along, in tlie way of
those before them, until throe months had
elapsed, when Mr. N'elson was taken sick at
Soda Springs, on Hear river, Idaho. He grew
dangerously ill and at Lost river the train lay
over five days awaiting his death. So low was
he that his clothes were nnpacked, tools for
grave-digging laid out and the sjiot chosen for
the burial place; but a slight change for the
better enoouraifed all to move on; and at the end

Illsidl!) Oh' i)i!h:i;<i\.

(if H fuw weeks l>oi^(; City wuk ruacliinl, witli
Mr. .\elnoti f-till alivi'. lint in ii criticiil cnruli
liiiii. 'I'liii- ciuicil the loiiK jdiiriiuy, iiiiil it iiad
(ic(Mi|)io(| jiist four iiiDiith-.

Our siiliji'i',( lull iiiii> liiu IihikIh oI' oM tVifiuls
lociitud licrt', who tciulcrly ciirnil for liiiri until
liciilth wiiH ri'Htori'il, wIkmi lie solil out his limd,
|>ui(l his doctor liili of sju iitid liin boiird, S').50.
Iliiviuf; hit* wiij;oii iitiil oxen left lie did fr('if.dit-
iii^r fur !i lime from I iiiiilillii, ••rcjrdn, to tho
iiiiiio lU idiilio City, liut iiml liic iiM>fortmH^ to
jjiivc liiB o.\(Mi KtoliMi i>v Indians wiiiii; caiuiji'd
one iiji^ht on Malheur river. In a few days all
were recovered, e.\('e])t two wiiich they inid
killed.

In 18li(> Mr. .Nelson sold all his interest in
Idaho and started to I'olk pouiity. ()ren()n.

'JVaveliu'i' e.\|)en^('s were (^\t^avillp■ilnt then,
ihe staot- fare froni lioise City to Iniatilla he-
inn ii.VZ^). He was fortunate to <^et a half rate.
I'y means of boat and staj^e he reached .Salein,
havino; then uliout ISOOi) in the bank. He
walked to the farm of Mrs. Hid)bard, near In-
d('ii('ndence. where he worked one year f(jr
waoes. hi September, 1S()7, he jiurelnified 140
acresof hind three miles north of Independence,
and .November 20. of the sami! year, wiis haj)-
[lily married to Miss Sarah K. flonkle, a native
of Iowa, born in Lee county, Januari '.), 1845.
She was tiie daughter of Zebadiah iFonkle, of
Iowa, who had crossed the plains t,) California
in ISGC) and removed to Oregon in 1807.

Ml', and AFrs. ]Vel>on befjjan tnarricil life on
the little fai'ni he hu<l ])urcha>ed with the wiii;ps
of his liai'd work, and here they both endeavored
to the best of their ability, and their industry
was rewarded with prosperity. They were suc-
cessful, and from time to time Mr. Nelson was
able to !uld to hi> hinds until ho possessed (VJO
acres. Later he jiurchased 250 acres of very
valuable land adjoining the town of Independ-
ence; I'roni thi> farm the town was first jilatled,
where lie now resides, and as his n;eans increased
he interested himself in the various enierprisi^s
of the country,

Mr. Nelson became one of the oi'n;anizers of
the Indejiendence National Hank: was elected a
director and v ice-])re.~ideiit. which position he
still holds. With other Icadino; business nu>n
of 1 n<lcpcndehce he conceived the iilea of con-
nectinjr .Monmouth with Independence by means
of a motor roail and'thereliy unite the two
towns by railroad and build u|) a section be-
tween. They purchased a larire tract of laud

und biiili I hi' road, and aru now running it with
^reat su(!cesH. They have other enterprisuH in
coiinectinii with it under way. Tin- is an en-
teipiise for which these promoters deservii miiidi
credit, as it is lie.-^tiiied to become a j^reat factor
in till! hiiildinir up of the two towns, and linally
will result in miikiiij^ of thoni one large city.

Onr subject is also one one of the orijiini/c'rs
and owner- of the elei^tric lif,'ht plant of liide-
pendi^nce. .\iiiong other v.'dtiable ideas was
his of uniting the school districts of Independ-
ence and North lndc|)cndeiic(! and building a
tine edifice, the finest public school hnilding in
Oregon on the west side outside the city of
Portland. Thus may be seen of how much
value the life of sindi a man as our subject has
lieeii to the town. He ha- had some hard bat-
tles to light in the various enterprises which he
has iinseltishly champi.jiied, but he has come oft"
victor, not for himsell but for the good of the
community. Mr. Nidson is also one of the di-
rectors of llie Agricultural Society, atid 1ms
taken a prominent jiart in its fairs and inaiinge-
nieiit; in fact, since his residence in the county
he has lieen alive to all its interists and has
ci'i'lainly been one of its most valuable public
otHcers. He aided in the formation of the
(iriiiij^'e and helped to organize the l''ariners'
Alliance on the Pacific coast. He is quiet and
unassuming in his actions, but is enterprising
at the same time, and keeps abreast of the times
in all that may prove of ailvantage to Oregon.
Three children came to bless the home of Mr.
and Mrs. Nelson. Tiie eldest child, Ardelhi, is
now the wife of Dr. Otis 1). liiitler, of liide-
deiulence; the second child, a most promising
boy, died iis the result of an accident in his
eleventh year; and the youngest bears the name
of ivoss II.

Mr. and Mrs. Nelson are highly esteemed by
the good peo[)le of the county, and are good il-
lustrations of the adage that where there is a
will there is a way; and in every relation of life
this Worthy couple deserve all tiic pi'osperity
that has shone upon them.

^.ON. I!. F. DOlilHS was born in Nashville,
''li) ''''•'">''**■'''■''• I'l^Pomber 18, 1821). llisjiar-
'^^l ente, Samuel F. and Susanna ( Pitt) Dorris,
were natives of Maryland and North Carolina
respectively, and emigrated to Tennessee, where

lllSitniY oh' tiUh'do.S.

Tin

Mr. Ilorris followeil tlic lifiM>r a fiirincr. NuhIi-
ville wiiK III) tMlueutioiial ountcr iiml (nir ciilijuct
improved liis ii|i|)iirtiiiiition iiptd liiw rmiitcOMtli
your, wlieii lio Ipcgiiri to lc;iru tlu^ liiuici->" triiclc
anil I'olltiWL'il tliut (ic(Hipatic)ii up tn Is.")"^, wIumi
lio went to Now York anil eiiiliaiki'il upon tlic
olil st(!aiiisliip "< 'liii(,'" .1 Illy Sill, with 1, KM) pas^-
eiij^iirs for Aspiiiwal. 'I'lio trip aciosn tliu Istli
mii8 lyft iustinj^ iiiipressioiii*, as clioli«ra waw
epidiMiiic anil 250 of tlie ('ompiiny dicil incroHS-
iiiL'. I'l'oin I'aiiaiiia 111! re-i'iuharkfil (III tliu sti'iiiii-
sliiji " Coliiiiiliia," Captain Wni. L. I lull, ('(iiii-
iiiainliiii^'. and after nini'tccii days tliuy landed
in San {''raneiseo August 1-4, lSu2. lie tlieii)
found LMiiployiiieiit at his trade, in May Isoij, ho
visited tho yuld niiiioH in southern Orejron, min-
ing, on Doiiioeratguli'h, until fall, with fair siio-
coss; hut, not liking tho rough lifoof a miner, ho
returned to San Fane.isco and rosuiiiod hi« tradt!
until the next tiprin;^, wln^n ho went to (!resceiit
t'ity, nothern California, and ojioned a tin shop,
also handling; Imrdware and stoves. During the
sninnier of io6(), he wasconueeted with the In-
dian war. Ho oontiiiiiod his ImsineBs until 1808
and then sold out and removed to Eiij^ono and
establishod a similar store, which ho operated
until 1881), when ho sold out ami engaged in the
roal-estate and insurance business, in which he
is still employtul. About 1874 Mr. Don-is was
among the first to ajjitate the .establishment of
the State University at Eugene, and with its in-
auguration he was elected Koj»cnt and continued
in that capacity for ten years. In 1878 Mr.
IJorris was elected to the State r.egiRlature and
was instrumental in fi^otting an a])propriati()n of
^2,500 for the University, wliicli was annually
paid until supplied by sjjecial State tax. He
lias served as member and President of the
Common Council of Eufjouc for many years,
and in the spring of 1887 was elected City lie-
corder and by re-election has continued in tliat
office.

Ue is an encampment member of I. O. O. F.
and was (rraiid Uepresentative to tho Grand
fiodge of the United States in 1875, that met at in
Indiana])olis, Indiana, and to tho one that met in
I'hiladelpliia in 1870. He was married at Cres-
cent City in 1857, to Miss Cecile Pellet of Neu-
cliatel, Switzerland. They have eif^ht children,
namely; George A., a lawyer of Eugene; Ed-
ward P., in the hardware business in Farmington.
"W^ashington; Alice, Mary, wife of S. W. Cordon,
a lawyer of Eugene; Susan Catherine, wife of E.
II. McAlister, tutor in the State University; Ce-

cile and llenetta. Mr. I)cprri^ takes jm-i pride in
his family and hit feels thai he has a wealth in
them that i> wurlli mure ih.'iii .'ill his real estate
.'iiid bdiids.

folJN 1). KoWKI.I,, was Immii inSi, .Ic.-eph
county, Mi('lii;;aii, (>('lolier 10. iMlii, and
wiiH the siiii cd' Ziba .M. and I'raiiciin Kow
ell. lie moved ti> Whilosiile eounty, I llinoi.s. In
1838 with his fatlu'r, and in 18 12, moved
to Uock Island county, Illinois. In ls5il
ho journeyed with his father and family
across the plains to Oregon, and settled at
Sehalby l''erry, Washington county, whore li<(
now resiiles. lie was married Nnveiiiber 15,
1871. to Ann Ueb(!<'ca .lack. She bore him
four children: Frances K,. age(l sixteen;
.lames A., aged thirteen; Cassie II., aged ten;
and Inu I. aged three years. His father and
mother, two brothers and two sisters have jiassed
away. His twin iirother, .laiints I!., is still living,
a ivsideiit of West Chohali^m, ^'am Hill county,
while his only surviving sister, Mrs. Lydi.a W.
l.arne, resides in Portland.

,^I)\VAU1) LON(} was an Oregon pi ler

WfA ^^ ^^'^"^^ '""■" in Columbus. Franklin eonn-
"^jjfqty, Ohio, .lune 3. 1817. His ancestors were
Puritans and emigrated from Londonderry, now
Dorry, New Ilampshiro. in 1721. The emi-
grants who settliMl that town were cd' the .lohn
Knox school, and are called Scotch-Irish, being
descendants of a colony which migrated fnuii
Argyleshire, Scotland, and settled in the province
of Ulster in the north of Ireland about 11)12.
Soon after the evacuation of Nova Scotia by the
French, about 1703, a large number of familios,
among whom were the grandparents of Edward
Long, moved from New Hampshire to Truro, a
small town at tho head cf the bay of l'"uiidy, in
tho province of Nova Scotia. II is father, Matthew
Long, and his mother Margaret Long, ntv; Tay-
lor, emigrated from Nova Scotia in tho year
1800 to(;iiillicothe, Ohio, and in 1809 removed
to Columbus, where Matthew Long followed his
rr.ide of carpentering until 1832. Then lus died,
leaving a wife and four sons to nionrii his loss.
The second son, tho subject of this mention,
was but liveyear.s old. and the family, being in

<^.

.^^. w,

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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Ks I

1.0

I.I

■10

1^ 1^

2.0

1.8

1.25 IIIIII.4 111.6

Photographic

Sciences

Corpomtion

23 WEST MAIN STReET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

L^.

7y.'

niyjony oh' oiiKaoN.

rcdiiccii cifcninstiitici'ti, lie Wiis ailontcd l)y his
iiDcle, Duvid 'laylor. with whom he lived until
tWL'iity years of iiue, eiinnoed chictly in drivinn;
stock to the Eftsterii market. Then, reiiuivino- to
Iowa, ft frontier western Territory, lie followed
farinino; and stock raisiiiir until the sprinjr of
1847.

(>M .liinuiii-y 1!*. Is4n, he was married to Mar-
tha .1. Wills,' and on April 4, 1847, they start-
eil for Oregon, joiiiini; a comjiany l)()iind for
this place of ahoiit one hundred |)eople from
' 'skaloosa, Iowa, called the ( >skaloosa company.
After proceeding ahout two months they over-
look another company hound for the same place,
who had lost twenty yoke of their oxen and
could luit j)roceed without help. Thoiioh the
hindrances to raiiid travel were very oreat, the
])rincij)les of humanity existini^ in the heart> of
the ()>kaloo>a company eaineii ascendency, and
dividino; their teams with the atllicted oiu's the
'.\ 'ivcy journey was continued. On the Platte
river they were delayed sevcial days Iiy their
teams >iampedine', liieakino; up several waoons
and killiiio' one child. The only trouhle from
tlio Indians was their constant effort to steal
horses; hilt hy oroani/.ation and diliuonco their
loss was very small. They arrive<l at the Dalles in
Octoher, when the company dishanded, an<l Kil-
vvard Loiio and family, with a few otherc, made
a raft of loo which carried them down the Co-
lumhia to the Cascades; and from there, in a larifc
l)attcau heloiii iiiiT to the Hudson's Hav ("omiianv.

f r"^ . I •

and run hy tin; Indian.-, they proceeded to Fort
N'aiicoiivur. avrivino- lute in ( >.',ti>l)er. 1847. Pro-
curing- a small house near the present site of
East Portland, he moved in and spent his tirst
winter in Oregon, cutting hoop-poles for the
Iliu'son's Hay Company. In the spring of 1S48,
he firmed a partiici>liip with (leorge ai'.d Ja-
cob Wills, and hiiilt a small sawmill on the
nresCiit site of the furniture factory at Wills
hurg. The liimlier found ready sale at iSlOtt per
thousMid. most of vvhicli was sent hy lioat to
the San Francisco market. In 184'J lie bought
of lS"tl' Catlin the claim-right to w lat is now
known as tlu Edward Long dointion laud
claim, lying south o"" and ad joii.ii;g the city f)f
Portland. In thespringof 185'! he sold out his
one third interest in tlie mill to his partners,
and removed to his claim, where he lived until
188i{, when he removed to his home on the north-
east comer of Sixth and F streets, Ea-t i'ortland.
For thirtv-three years his home was on tiie
Oregon citv road, the principal road connecting

Portland with the WiUauu^tte valley, iind many
a weary traveler found food and shelter under
his hospitable roiif, no application being made
in vfdn. .Most of his time, while on the farm,
was occupied in ruisinjj; fruit, he bciiu'' for many
years one of the most extensive growers in the
State. On the 21st day of .November, 1855. his
faithl'nl wife dei)aited this life, leav ing her hus-
band and four daughttM's. Sarah J., Mary E.,
.Margaret V... and .\delma .M., without the care
of a kind and atfectionate wife ami mother.

The following year iMr. Long was united in
iiuirriage to Avis M. C'reswcU. and to them were
horn two sons, Henry and Edwanl E., and one
daughter, Avi.s E. On April :i4. 18<i3, the fami-
ly was again bereaved of a lov iii}' wife and mo-
ther.

Some years later he was married to .N'aiicy !,.
(!hase, with whom he lived hajipilv the remain-
der of his life. I'or over titty years .Mr. Lon<>'
was a freiinent siid'erer from rheumatism, which
in a great ineasiiro broke down his strong con-
stitution, and after a lingering illness died, on
the 2()tli of February, 1889.

Edward i.ong was a man endowe<l with a
strong and v ig(iroiis intellect <'oinbined with en-
ergy and a love for justice ami right, and was a
close observer of the golden rule, — in fact as
close a one as can be found in this day am' 'igo.
Having spent his whole life on the frontier, his
education was necessarily limited, but still he
was well reail and jiosted on all current ifsnes.

lie took a great interest in public schools and
was Director twelve successive years in district
Xo. 2, jMultnomah county. He deligliteil in
working for temperance and was a thorough
jiroliibiticmist. lie lived an e,\(!m|plary (Chris-
tian life, and was highly respected and honored
by all who knew him. and leav ing a name long
to be remembered ho passed away from a life
of uscfiilnesii.

Edwanl E. Long is a native-horn Oregonian.
born on what is known a.^ tlii» Edwaril Long do-
nation laud claim, adjoining Portland, the 15th
day of Sept(Mnber, 1858. His early life was
passed at home on the farm and his preliminary
education secured at the ilistrict school, with tin-
isliing courses at the Willamette I'niversity and
the Poriland liusiness ('oll(>ge. lie followed
farm life up to the age of tvventy-oiii', anil his
lirst business vctiture was the iiurchase of the
.Vmerican Laundry in the city of Portland, wliicii
he successfully operated for a pcrioil of seven
years. He thou sold out and engaged in a gen-

insroiiv or orshon.

7113

oral real-estate l)ii>iiii'8B in i-ity and snrlmi'lian
|irt>])ei'ty, and is the owner tif fdHfideratiie j)r(>|i-
erty in and around I'ortland. He lias also suli-
<livided nineteen acres near I'ortland, east side,
nnder tlie name of the "Kxccbior," and selling
it as residence |iro|)erty.

lie was married, Jannary 4. 1S85, in Portland,
to Miss liinma Owen, a native of Clackamas
county, Oregon, and tliedanghter of M. M. ( )wen,
an Oregon jiioneer. To tliis union has lieeii ad-
ded one child, Harold Milton. Mr. Lonjj; is a
member of the I'ortland Chamherof Commeice
aiidofthe Knightsof I'ytliias, and isdeeply inter-
ested in all that tends toward the improvement
of Portland or the boundless resources yf Oregon.

<-i-

fAMKS JOHNSON, a jirominent Oregon
pioneer of 1844, and an esteemed retired
farmer of Yarn llill county, now residing
in La P^iyette, is a New Englander by i)irtli,
having been born in Berkshire county, Massa-
chuselts, August !i8, 1S14. His parents, James
and Clarissa Johnson, were both natives of the
Pay State, where they were well and favorably
known. They had sexen children, five sons and
two daughters.

The subject of our sketch was the youngest
of the sons, and accompanied his parents to
Onondago county. New York, in which latter
place he was reared on bis father's farm, work-
ing hard nine months of the year and attending
the district school a short time during the
winter.

I'pon attaining his majority, in 183t], lie re
moved to Tippc^canoe county, Indiana, then a
new and sparsely settled country, where he set-
tle(l on 100 acres of wild land. Here he farmed
and worked at his trade of carpentry, being suc-
cessful and making some money.

On November (i, 18;31», he was married to
Miss Juliet Perkins, an estimable lady and a
native of Cattaraugus county. New York, where
she was born March 15, 1824. She was a
daughter of Mr. Kli Perkins, a native of Massa-
chusetts.

Mr. Johnson and his wife remained uninter-
ruptedly on the farm until 1844, leading pros-
perous and happy lives. In 1840 their first
child. Burr, was born, and four years later the
little family of three crossed the plains to Ore-
gon. The water that year was very high, and

their principal danger was in crossing the
swollen rivers. They crossed at Topeka, where
they entered the Indian country. They hail
some trouble with the Indians, but the red men
were afraid of the white man's muzzleloailinu
gun, and two men cipuld chase a hundred In-
dians with their bows and arrows.

When they passed the site of the present city
of Portland thatjiroud metro|)olis was unkimwn.
(iiant lirs tossed their branches in the breeze in
wild abandon, while wild deer and antelope
roamed the place at will. Xo ruthless hand
had disturbed the primeval forest, or <'i\ ilized
sound shocked the peaceful surroundings of
nature.

Passing this solitude, the pioneers came on to
Oregon City, where a slight start had been
made and which was their objecti\e ])oint,
which they reached December IG, 1844. Here
Mr. Johnson secured work of Dr. McLaughlin
in building mills, races and all work suited to
the ability of a stout, young-carpenter.

In .November, 1845", Mr. Johnson locateil on
his donation claim, situated east of the j)resent
site of La Fayette. It was a most beantif'-'
place, and it was with emotions of pleasure that
the pioneers took np their abode in the valley.
The Indians had kept it burned over, and no
more delightfully attractive country could meet
the gaze of any pioneer. The river wound in
and out in its way through the valley, looking
like a silver ribbon in the distance. A few
emigrants of 1843 were scattered at intervals
through the country, but so far apart as to
render a long travel necessary to reach them.
Here Mr. Johnson built a small log house,
14 X 1() feet, with a little shed against it for a
bedi'oom, and on a mile K(|uare of land felt
almost as Alexander Selkirk or Kobinson ( 'rusoe
might have felt, being monarch of all they
surveyed. He sowed twelve acivs of wheat,
and until it grew secured flour of Dr. Mc-
Laughlin, in Oregon City, to which place the
family made fre(|uent trips up and down the
river.

.Mr. Johnson had the honor of having built
the first house in Yam Hill county, and it was
on his land that the first blacksmith shop was
built by a young man named William Clark. A
tanned deer skin was used to make a bellows.
They had any (juantity of tootlisome venison
and other wihl game, and the very tini'st i)rook
trout, living altogether like lords. Here Mr.
Jolinson was prospered l)eyond his iiighest an-

704

uh^ronr of oiiEaos.

ticipntiiiiis, ;;ii<l in \H\\'2 lie cut a roinl tlircjiif^li
till' ci'Mler III' tliu |iro|iorl\, lii.-- wilo'e ',VM iicrcs
liciiii; on iitiu i-iik' iiiul liis mi tlic other. On
L'lieli side lie niade i^ooil iiiiprosenii-nts, jilaiited
Hii cxeelleiit orelmril on eaeli. anil ereeteil large
anil snlietantial resiliences ami ^'ooil hams on each.
In an early day they kept lioardei's, and have
had the lioiioi' of haviiii,r had at their tahle sev-
eral of the nKl^t [iiuininent men of < Jrei^on and
the Noitli\ve:-t. among which may he ineiitioiied
the distinguished jiiript, .1 iidge Matthew I'.
Deadv, who is widely known and einiiiently rc-
P|)eeteil and heloM'd.

They had nt one time a i-ace track on their
land, where ^[r. .lolmson kept his horses and
had large races, liut when the hiid ailment at-
tacked him he discontiniieii it aud icmoved the
high lioard fence, wi'ii which the track was
surrounded

In 1'^7'J he retired from his farm and ])ur-
chased several hlocks in l,a l'"ayette. on wliicli
he liiiilt a eomfoi'tahle home, where he and his
faithful wife now reside in peace and j)lenty, in
the enjovinent of the Messiiigs of life, secured
by their industry and economy.

Tliey have had nine children, eight of whom
are li\ing: Their son l*>nir is prosperously en-
gaged in the livery huainess ii: I'endleton,
I'liiatilla county; their son, Ivipiire, died at the
age of twenty-six years; Julia Ann is the wife
of .lohii (lark: Wi-ight is on the farm ; N'iohi
and lola 1'',.. twins, became the wives of Koliert
I'ieroe and Kichard Malone, respectively, the
former now residing on the home farm; James
K. and (iust K. aieonthe home f,i-m; Kllcn
married U. A. Stewai'd and had three cliildreti ;
her husband died and she is now married to
Thomas ( >tt and resides on the farm; Clara
married M. A. (Jill.

Mr. and .Mrs. .lohnson have been married
tifty thi'ee years and still enjoy i|nite good
health. Tliey have had twenty-seven grand-
children and two great-grandchildren. In 1889
they celebrated their golden wedding, their
daughters arranging the entertainment, which
was attended by the older grandchildren and
many distinguished friends, numbering seventy
persons in all, and a very enjoyable time was
had, all wishing the worthy couple many happy
returns of their wedding anniversary.

Mr. .lohnson s life sjians threei|Uartern of a
century, during which time he has witnessed
many niHrvelons changes, and one can nluiost
envy him the happy experience. Wonderful

changes have taken place tliroiighout the whole
country, but particularly has the transformation
been remarkable in this .Northwestern coiiiitry,
where peaceful solitudes and jirimeval fore.-ts
have been replaced by hustling, busy cities,
great manufactories and colossal mercantile
estalplisliments; while the keels of giant steam-
ers and shi])8 cleave the waters of that once
jicaceful river, which, in former days, was dis-
turbed by only the ili|i of the Indians' paddle
aud the swift and noiseless gliding of his birch-
bark canoe. To these venerable pioneers, who
have assisted in improving and developing the
country, is due the highest regard of all sincere
lovers of Oregon, and for whom all should join
in wishing the greatest possible good in this
life and that which is to come.

OUN T. KOUTS, an Oregon pioneer of
18o'.i, and a prominent'farmer of Vam Hill
county, was born in the State of Missouri,
luie 2!?. 1839.
IIi> father, Larken Fout>. wa> a native of
North t'arolina, born in 1812. His ancestors
came from Germany and were among the early
settlers of the South. Larken Fonts first mar-
ried Miss Elizabeth Tallmt, who died, leaving
four children, of whom John T. was the tiiird
born. He was six years old at the time of her
death. 1 1 is fatlu'r was again married, and by
his si'cond wife had eight (diildren. At this
writing thri'c of the first wife's children and six
of the second's are living. The family remoM-d
to Indiana, thence to Missouri, and later to
Iowa. In 1852 they started across the pli.ins
with emigrant wagon and oxen for Oregon, the
family at that time comprising Mr. Fonts and
his wife and four children. John F. was then
fourteen years of age, but he did the work of a
man, driving ti'am and stock and making him-
self useful ill general. On the way Mrs. Fonts
was taken sick, and in fact, the whole fanily
were sick when they reached Portland. The
family came down the river in boats and Mr.
Fonts and others drove the stock down the trail.
After recovering their health they ])ur<dia6ed
tifty acres of land where North Vam Hill is
now located, and to this Mr. Fonts added by
subse(|iieiit pnridiase. lie tinally sidd out and
removed to Washington county, where lie
bought 2(10 acres of land and resided several

JlJtiTO/ir Oil' OliKOON.

Vi'iii'rt. I >is|)ii>iiijr of this ]inpjicrl_v, lif rt'fired
rmiii tiiniiiMi^r, (.■iiiiic ti> V.'iiii Hill coiiiitv mill
I'LsjiJwl ill Ciirltdii until tilt' tiirif iit lii> dentil,
ill 18S5. llu wa.- a iiiaii of iiiaiiy (.'xtliiiable
qualities, and was a cuiinibtaiit iiiciiilier oT the
lliiited liietlireii C'hiirch. His wicjnw is titill
a resident of Carltuii.

Mr. Fuuts remained with his lather until he
readied his inajorifv. workiiij^ nil the I'anii and
attending scliodl a imrtion ot the winters. He
Berved during the iiidiaii war of ISou-'oO. which
war resulted in t!ie Imlians being driven from
the State and liroui;ht to terms. In 185U Mr.
Fonts, with Mr. (ieorge Uowliind, rented the
liowland donation elaiin for three years, lie
married, in 185'J. Mis^ Kliza .Sippiiii^ton. and
they resided on the farm. Later, this jilaco
was di\ ided aiiioii;^ the How land family, and
Mr. Fonts |iiircliased sixty acres of it. goiiij^ in
delit for iiio.st of the purchase. Ainliitiuus and
energetic, his earnest efforts were rewarded
with pr<i6peritv. and he was goon enabled not
only to pay hi> debt.-, init also to iniv out other
heirs, until now he has 311 acre> of tine land in
the choicest portion of ( >regon. On this prop-
erty he raised on thirty-five acres forty-one
bushels of spring wheat to the acre, and has
raised fourty-foiir bushels of winter wheat to
the acre. He has also been successful in the
stock business, keeping cattle, horses and sheep,
ill IHitl the nniireteiitions residence on this
place ga\e way to a <'oiiimodious and well ap-
pointed one. which is located .-o that it com-
mands a tine view <if his broad acres ami the
beautiful valley beyond the hills, and has for a
tiackgroiind his woodland. For six years Mr.
Fonts resided in Carlton, having bought ten
acres and built a residence there in 1884.

Mr. and Mrs. Fonts have had nine (diildren.
Mild all are living e.xeept one son, Fdgar I. , who
died at the aire of two years; Mary Iv, tin? old-
est, is the wife of Charles IJlack, and lives in
Clackamas county ;< >scar .1. married Miss Lizzie
Hargraves and lives in a house on the homo
farm, which his father built for them; Sarah is
the wife of Robert McCaskey, and resides near
by; Annie I., married \V. lliiiitingtoii. and lives
at Freeport; two daughters ami two sons, Addie
and Maggie ami Franklin W. and John Lester,
are single ami at Inuiie with their jiarents. Mr.
and Mrs. Fonts have been w<u-tliy members of
the Christian ('iiiirch tor many years, ami he is
mie of the I'llders of the Church at Carlton.
Mr. Fonts has been a liepublican since the or-

ganization of that party until recently, being
now alliliated with the I'eople's party. IL'
has been a uieinlier of the <trange ami aUo nf
the Fanners" Alliance. and is iiitcre.-ted in what-
in'er will beiietit the farmers. His whole life
has been one of faithrnl indu>try, ainl ha-' re-
sulted ill Well deserved prosperity.

SliANCLS LAlKiF, an estimable |>ioneer
of Oregon, who made his appearance on
the scene of this commonwealth in 185(),
was born in Fayette county, I'ennsylvania, Au-
gust o, 1818. His father, .lolin Large, was born
in Mew .Jersey, while his grandfather, Kbcnezer
Large, came from Kngland, and located in New
Jersey. Mr. Large's father married .Miss Kliza-
both Fletcher, a native of Irelaml, who came to
America when sixteen years of age. They Inul
ten children, two of whom are living. William
and our subject. The former resiiles in Iowa,
and in 181U visited his brother in Oregon, after
not having seen each other for forty-two years,
or since our siibje.:-! came to this State.

Our subject was reared to manhood in his na-
tive State, that of Pcnnsylvai'ia. In 1840, he
removed to ( >hio, where he learned the carpen-
ter's traile. at which he worked in Circlcville,
Springlield, and in Cincinnati. He came to
San Francisco via the Isthmus, and first went
to the mines on the American and Vuba rivers,
where ho worked for some time, doing very well,
averaging $lt) a day while he worked. The
cholera being prevalent he was glad to getaway.
From some of his gold he had a ring inatle,
which afterward played a jiroininent part in his
wedding, and still aclorns the hand of his faith-
t'lil wife. L' ing ('alifornia, he came to Ore-
gon City, wheie he resided until 1851, at which
lime he came to Forest (irove. Here he worked
for a time at his traila, afterward going t<j Vain
Hill county, and purchasing there a homestead
claim of 820 acres, situated one and a half
miles northeast of Lafayette. After re.-idingon
his farm for five years, he sold out, and moved
into the town of Lafayette, where he resided for
twenty-one years. In 18()ii and 1804, he worked
in the mines in Idaho, but was not very success-
ful there. In 1881 he came to Forest Grove,
where he purchased lots in a desirable location,
on which lie built a pleasant home, the same in
whi(;li he now resides. The house is suggestive

7911

UlSTOKY OF OliKdOX.

of ciniifi>rt. iiml it> iipiicaniiicf is iimcli en-
liuiiccd l)v the siiiTuiiiiilinu jii((iiiiil>, wliicli iiru
t;i>tefullv liiiil (lilt, iiMil iiddrm'tl witli oniiiiiii'iilal
trLM'> ami hIii'iiIis.

Mr. Lai'j;e wiis inarried, .Iiilv -7. 1853, tn
Miss Zcniiali IJaviev. ii native of ('lai'i<f(H)ii!ity,
(Hiio. Ilcr parents, Daiiicj I), atul Ik'tsi'v
(MmiMPii) Daili'V. i-i-(i>^im1 liic plains to Orcfjoii.
ill 1S4-"). I'liiiiiii^ l)v "av ot' Mt'c'kV ciitulT, ami
lust llicir way ami siitlorcd for fuotl, Mrs.
I.ar^i'. wlio was llicn in lu'r tciilli yi'iir. still re-
call lliis liarrowinj: time in the iiioiintaiiis.
Her falliiT, residiii<j in Tillamook eountv. is in
his iiinety-tirst year. Tlie family trace their
nncpstry hack to tluMinioof i.oiiis XVI. They
were earlv settlers of the .\inerican coloiiie>,
and soiiH! of them liecanio distiiiijiii^lied in the
ive\oliitionarv war.

Mr. and .Mrs. Larjre ha\c two children. Their
daiiijhter. Klizalii'tli I)., married Mr. Tlioiiia>
JellVrsoii Harris, and resides in Vain Hill
county. Their sun. ('harles L., is a siiceessful
|ihysieiaii, and lives in Forest Grove.

Mr. I,ari_re is a meinlier of the I. (). < ). F.
He was reared a (Quaker. He has ahvavs heen
a man of great indiistrv. and iiossesses many
sterling cjiiiilities of cliaracter. all of which are
enhanced hy liis liatiir.'iUy kind and oMi|j;iiiil
manners. lie has retired from active business
pursuits, and is now enjoying; in peace and
comfort the accumulations of hia earlier years
of industry and economy, both lie aii<l his
wortliv wife beini^ the recipients of unbounded
good-will on every side.

If 1 LLI .\ M II K X R V H .\ K Ii I S () .\
MVKUS, a hiirlilv esteem»'d citizen of
l~^ri Forest Grove, ami an honored pioneer
of I'SSi, was born in Howard countv, Missouri,
eiirlit miles east of Fayette, March" i:5, 1830.
His ancestors were orijjjinally from (ieriiiiiny.
where his irraiidfather was born, who afterward
came to the I'nited States, locating in Kcii-
tu(d<v. thence reiiio\ini» to Missouri, wliere lie
was killed in a liaht with the Indians in 1828.
The lather of tlii; well-known Colonel Cor-
nelius of ( >rei^on, was in the same lij^ht, and
John W. Myers was shot thr.iigh the shoulder,
from which woimd he afterward recovered.
John W, Myers, the faliier of our siiliject, wa
boi'ii in Kentucky, and wlien a boy remove

wit'i liis parents to Missouri, where lie was well
known as a very able lawyer. He marrieil Miss
Flizabeth .\dams, a nativn of Kentucky. She
was a daui^'hter ot John Adams, u native of
VirfJtinia, ami a inenilier of the ceU'bruteil
.\dains family, which have eoiilribnted two
illustrious presidents to the rnite<l States. They
had live children, tour of whom are living.

The si" ^'ct ot our sketch was reared in his
native countv in Alissouri, and there received
his edi'cation. which, owing to the limitecl op-
portiinK'cs ottered by that then very new coun-
try, was very iiieager. and he may be terine<l a
self-made man, having, by perseverance and
iiaturallv ^ood intellect, become well informed.
His father died in the fall of 1851, and the fol-
lowing tpriiij; Mr. .Myers crossed the jilaiiis to
California, (Mjiiiing from there directly to Ore-
gon. When crossiiii^ the iilains there was
cholera in the company, and he was aillicted
with sore eyes, being for a time almost totally
blind while on the jilains, and distinctly re-
members giv ing 81 a |)Ounil for Irish jiotatoes,
with which to make poultices for his eyes.
With the excejition of tliis incident, their jour-
ni'V was a safe one.

On coining to ()regon, he first stojipcd at
Sauvier island, on the Willamette river, where
he engaged in raising vegetables, which were
then ill gi-eat demand, but the Hood of that year
destroyed liis whole crop. In 1853 he came to
Washington county, where ho taught sclioid
near Reedville. Soon after this, the Kogiie
river Indian war broke out, and he gave uii his
school, to offer his services in the war. .After
returning from the e.\ped-i;:.ii against the In-
dians, he again engaged in teaching, and has
the honor of having taught the first school
where ItetMlv ille is now located. In 1835. lie
taught at Hillsborough, and that fall went to the
Colville mines, and while there the Yakima war
broke out. He returned to Ilillsborongh where he
helped to organize Com|iany 1), First IJegiment
of Mounted Volunteers. Of this company,
Thomas CorneliiiR was elected Ca|itaiii. and .Mr.
Myers Second Lieutenant. He rendered in this
service most etticicnt aid, and was hoiKU'ahly
discharged at the dose of the war. Soon
afterward, he helped to organize the Oregon
Hangers, and went on the cainjiaign east of the
mountains, to drive the Indians from the coun-
try. It was in this campaign that Ik^ distin-
guished himself, by volunteering to go on an
expedition of great jieril, in order to obtain

nrsToiir of ofiKno.v.

licirses lor the C(iiiiiiinii(l. Tliirt siTvici' wms pcr-
forini'd in a highly (•rc(litrtl)lc iiiiiiiiier, iiiitl
resulted in tiie huwcsh of tiio i'iiiii|)iiii;ii. (He
1ms Iteen rc(| nested to j;i\eit reeitul oi' tliiseani-
piiign in ids own words, for this work.) I)nr-
in;^ the service in the Vai%inia war. there was
iiineli <lissiitisliiction anionji tiie Milnnteers.
whieh several times threateneil the snccess of
the exjiedition, hnt, to the credit of Lientenant
Myers, it can he said tiuit lie stood bj Colonel
('ornelius in the hitter's heroic efforts to prose-
cnte the war to a successful termination. These
heroic volunteers were so scantily provided with
provisions that they were ci>nipelled to kill and
eat the horses, and while in (irnnd Uonde
valley, the Major asked Air. Myers to permit his,
(Mr. Myers'i horse to lie killed, as it was in the
hest condition. She was a heuiitifnl little gray
tnare, of which he had liecome very font), hut
he suhmitteil. and she was sacrificed to .«ave the
lives of the volunteers, lie had ridden her
from Ilillshoroufih, anil removed the saddle from
her with trreat relnetanec and I'rief, and. under
other <'ireumstanees. would have fouf^ht to ihc
death in her det'ense. During the time this
company was in service, they ate many horses,
and Myers recalls that he cut the first steak of
horse meat over eaten by Colonel Kelly, after-
waril Semitor to ('oiigre^s. This brave little
company sueeoeded in overcoming the Indians,
and a treaty of jH'ace was made.

In the fall of 1857, Mr. Myers visited Mis-
souri, and in iSoiJ returned to the We.-t. going
tu th(* mines at Florence. Oregon, where he met
with fair success. A year later, in ISfiO. he re-
turned to Washington county, and from there
went to the Idaho mines in the summer, return-
ing to Washington county every winter. This
he repeated until ls'f')4, during that time meet-
ing with reasonable success. He wa> the dis-
coverer of the Last Chance mine, and was the
Alcalde of the mines, ])resided at all councils
and kejit the bonks.

In IsOl, hesold his interest, ami returned to
Washington county, where he was married to
Miss Mary .lane Stott. an estimable lady, highly
educated and accomplished. She was the daugh-
terof Mr. Samuel Stott, and n sister of Judge
Stott, of i'ortland. They bad eight children;
Minnie, .Vnnio \.. Francis D., Rebecca, Frank
L.. Kate, and Lottie (irace. Their eldest son,
William, died when twenty-four years of age, a
most promising young man, who was greatly
lamented by a large circle of friends. All of
00

the children were born in this county, and reside
with their father at Forest (irove. The faithful
wife and devoted mother died in lss7. sur-
rounded by her loving family iin<l friends. She
was a woman of unnsmil intelligence, and pos-
sessed many charms of person and character,
and was beloved by all whoktu'wher. She was
a |)ioneer of iSol.and had been married twenty-
three years. She anil Mr. Myers had been
acquainted ten years before their marriage, and
the severing of this long devotion was most
distressing.

In ISt)."). he jiurchased a farm of ii40 acres
of choice agricultural land, on which he resided
and farmed, until 18s2. at which time, in order
to atford his children the benetits of the college,
he removed to the city of Forest (irove. pur-
chasing the commodious residence where he
and his children now live. Kach summer they
return to the farm, which he continues to culti-
vate. his|iro(lucts being grain, horses and cattle.

Mr. Myers has been a consistent Democrat
during his whole life, and takes a prominent
part in the councils of his party. He has fre-
(lucntly been nomiiuited by his party for Uepre-
sentative to the Legislature, making creditable
campaigns against great disadvantages. He
has served his county as Deputy Sheriff for a
number of years, in a most efficient manner, re-
tlecting credit on himself and ]iarty.

If virtue is its own reward, then the subject
of our sketch reipiires no words of commenda-
tion for having carefully followed what he
deemed his path of duty, and enjoys the j)eace,
if not happiness, of ac(]uittal at the triliunal of
his own searching conscience.

;ILLIAM FrQl'A, a i)rominent citizen
and farmer of I'olk county, is a native
. .j^., t'l Missouri, born ]S'ovember 22. 1837.
He is of an old French family, who settled at
an early date in Virginia and were active par-
ticipants in both the Uevolutionary war and the
war (f 1812. His father. K. J! Fu(pia. was
born in Kentucky, in 1802, and married Mary
II. Warring, a native of his own State, born
February 15. 18().j. She was the daughter of
Colonel' Warring, of the war of 1812. They
had a family of four sons and four daughters,
ai\d removed to Missouri in 183('). and to Kan-
sas in 1855. Three of the children were born

708

nisTour OF ohboon.

ill Kentucky iiinl four in Missouri. In isn4
tiic riitiuM-. liKitiicr iiiid mI! liilt two of tile cllii
<lrrii ciossi'il till' jiliiiiis Id ( )rci;on. Tlicv liml
ht'VL'ii WH^oiit^. Iwciitv volcn of oxt'ii and tlii'cc
liiiiKJi'eci lieail c if cut tic Tims tiii'V I'l'ousei! tlie
c^rt'rtt piniiis. lilif tiic piitrinrclis ofojij. 'I'liey
wiiitfrcd in Idiilio. mid in iSfi.") I'unie to l*oll<
coiintv. wlici'c till V piiiTJiiisi'd a lialf (Section of
land lit l'ari<t'i' Stilt idii. Ilerc tlir fiitlici- ii\i'd,
I'liniiiiiy ids iiiiid, until Mni'cli Iti. ISSl, wlu'ii
lie diid. III ills st'\eiit\ iiiiitli ycai'. His wife
survives liiiii ami resideil on tlie farm with iior
soli in lii'i' oigiity-suvciitii vear wIkmi tlio writfr
visited tlie family. Siio ia ii graml old Chris-
tian lady and a iiienilifr of the Methodist
('liiich sinei! her sixtcciitli year. Slio died Sep-
teinlpcr !•. ISH2.

(>nr siiliject was twenty-ficvuii years of iij;e
wlii'ii the trij) was made across the plains, hut
he did not sto|) in Idaho with the rest of the
family, hut came to I'ortland; liowever, lie soon
returned to Idaho and was enijaged in driving
and dcaliiiif in stock. The following year he
came to I'olk coiinty, where he remained un-
til 1S()7. and then returned for the second
time to Idaho and was in the stock hiisiiiess
there ami in eastern ( )regon for twelve years.
He was very succsssful and at the emi of the
twelve years he returned to I'olk county, in
187(), and purchased |)art of the land he now
possesses, his present farm lieiiig an entire
section of choice land at I'lirker Station. lie
has since that time heen larirely engaged in
general farming and is now raising hops to a
large extent. He has just had erected one of
the largest hop houses in the county.

Our suhject was married in 1871, to Miss
Caroline Suvcr, a native of Oregon, horn Jan-
uary 22, l8oii, daughter ofJosepIi AV. Suvcr, an
Oregon jiioneer of 1844, native of \'irginia.
H(^ was hoin in Berkeley county, April 11,
1814. lie settled a donation claim near Parker
and later purchased the laiul where Suvcr Sta-
tion now is, the railroad having given it his
name. He was an industrious farmer and very
successful. His death occurred August 20,
1890. His wife died in 1860. He had heen
reared a I'resliyterian, and hoth he and his wife
were worthy good citizens. Mrs. Fui|iia now
owns the half section of land adjoining Silver
Station which ]>reviou6ly helongeil to her father.
This she takes great interest in having im-
proved, the culture of hops heing carried on
as well as other farminir.

.Mr. and Mrs. !'"ii(|iia have lust three children,
the eldest of whom livecl to lie thirteen years of
age; .Jessie diiid when seven years old, and I,o
rena when four years olil. They were heaiitifiil,
]ironiisiiig children and their Iosh is deeply lelt
liy their sorrowing parents.

Mr. l''u(|Uii takes a ilcep interest in all that
pertains to the growth and development of the
county. He wa.- one ot the organizers of the
(Jransje at Silver and ijave it his aiil and iiillii-
ence. In politics he is a Democrat and is a
citizen of Worth and respectahility.

l^ll. THOMAS .1 Ki'lF,llS( )N LKK, a prom-
inent physician, citizen and hiisiness man
of Independence, Oregmi, is a native of
liollinger county, .Missouri, horn .N'oveinhor 24,
1850. His father. Dr. W. C. Lee, was a native
of Kngland, who graduated from (iardiu^r Col-
lege, London, and cmne to the I'nited States in
183'). He came to Oregon mi 18(i4 and prac-
ticed medicine for several years and then re-
tired to .1 unction City, where lie died Kehniary
18. 1881, aged seventy-three. His wife is still
living, aged eighty years.

< >iir siihject was the sixth of a family of nine
(diililren, and lias made Polk county his home
since his thirteenth yeai\ He was educated at
St. Louis, graduated from the Missouri Medical
College, St. Louis, Missouri. March 2, 1S7(),
and is post-graduate at the New Vork Medical
College, of the class of 1892. After graduating
from the Missouri Medical College l^r. Lee be-
gan practice in Independi^nce and soon formed
a partnership with Dr. J. K. Davidson, now de-
ceased, who was an expert physician. This
partnership proved heneficial to hoth and they
soon had a large and lucrative jji-actice, which
Dr. Lee has continued up to this date, enlarg-
ing it continually. Dr. Lee has risen to the
tirst rank in his profession and is a skilled and
thorough physician. He ludd the ofHec of Coro-
ner as long as his practice would permit him to
hold it. He was appointed I'nited States Kx-
aniining Surgeon under (,'levelaiid, which posi-
tion he still holds.

Dr. Lee was married Decemher 24, lH76, to
Miss Emma li. Swaregin. a native of Lane
(county, Oregon, daughter of .1. S. Swarengin,
an honored pioneer of IS 17. Dr. Lee and his
wife have iiad two daughters, hut lost one.

nisTonr or ojikhox.

700

F-ootft Wiiifried, liy a sad acciilcnt. Slie and a
]>l!i3'm«tti wcri! l>lHyiiig I'V tlic rivei' wlien tliuy
siiw II Imy ilrowiiiii^. M'itlidiit tlioiij^lit of self
the two lii'iive girls run to the rescue, hii' were
themselves s\ve|it under and their lives lost;
iind rtitiioiigh the hoy was rescued alive, the
liodies of the ><irls were not recov(>rc(l until two
hours afterward. This was a dreadful atHiction
tiithe father, mother and surviving sister, Nfyi'tle.
anil they have the sytn])atiiy of the entire coni-
muinty. Tlie funeral was the largest ever held
in the ccMiuty, save, perlians. that of I'nited
States Senator Xesmitli, ahout "J. 000 people
attending the last sad rites over this young <fii-l.
Dr. Lee has erected a heautiful monument to
the memory of tlie lieloved one who risked
lier life to save that of a fellow creature.

The Doctor is a Ilo^'al Arch Mason and in
politics a JetTcrson Democrat, lie is a man
of great kindliness of heart and loves his
profession, lie treats the rich and pctor alike
and never refuses to answer to a call. He is
a very lil.eral ami enterprisinir citizen and is
held in the highest consideration by his fel-
low-citizens.

(AIT.MN lU.WClS A. LHMoNT.—
Anioni^ those who have been permitted to
pass their three score and ten years is the
gentleman whose name opens this sketch. Cap-
tain Lemont is a representative of the old pio-
neer stock, and jirohahly there are none now
livincr whose advent into this State antedates
that of our subject, or who is more entitled to
honorable mention in the paifos of this volume.
This Work would be incomplete if it did not
perpetuate the names of those sturdy old pio-
neers who aided in laying the cornerstone
of prosperity which we of a later ireneration en-
joy. Time and spac'e permits oidy short ami
incomplete mentio'i of these lives which, if told
entire, v.\.;;ld ;naku most interesting reading
from ''iiost to finish."

The birth of our subject took place in Bath,
Maine, August 12, 1812, and he was the «on of
James W. and Hetsey (Turner) Lemont. They
were both natives of tlic Pine Tree State, and
became parents of seven children, the subject of
this sketch being the fourth in the order of
birth. The Lemonts were of the old Huguenot
tock, and located in North Carolina early in the

seventeenth century, (ieneral Lemont, for
services rendered the Frem^h government, in
one of the famous battles of that nation, was,
presented with a coat of arms, and it is now in
the possession of our subject, brought to this
country later, when its brave recipient was
banished from his native land.

Captain Lemont was reared in .Maine until
he had reached his teens. The male iriembers
of his family had been seafaring men, and such
was the choice of our subject for a profession.
In the early ])art of the year 1S2!* he sailed in
the brig "Owhyhce,*' 'ind \ isited the mouth of
the Cohnnbia river, in the fur trade. He re-
mained in this vicinity for two years, and on
his return homo he joined aimther fur-trade brig,
called the ••Sultana," lioun<t for the Columbia,
but his vessel was wrecked February 20, 1832,
on an uid<nown island situated somewhere in the
ocean, about 450 miles from one (jf the Society
islands, and the crew were forced to remain
there some three months. As there seenieil no
hope of rescue, the brave captain of the "Sul-
tana"' started in his lannch, and after encounter-
ing bad weather and many hardships succeeded
in reacdiing Vashfi island, and there made ar-
rangements with the master of a brig t(j go
to the rescue of the crew. This vessel also ran
upon the reefs, and was compelled to return
without reaching the shi|)\vri!cked men, but later
a vessel, ••Queen of Otaheite," was sent for them.
However, in the meantime, our subject with
several others of the brave men had purchased
a native built sloop, twenty-two feet long, and
started for the city of Valparaiso which, strange
to say. they actnally reached sixty-eight day i
later, having sailed 4.000 miles.

Some three months later our heroic subject
again went out uj)ou the seas, joining a (taute-
mala privateer, and sailed on it away to Cadiz,
thence to Boston in an American vessel. In
1834 he was made master of the brig Henry
Tolennin, from New York harbor to the West
Indies. In 183(5 he was sailing master .aboard
the steamer Maniora, the first American pro-
peller that visited the port of Liverpool. This
vessel was afterward engaged in the freight and
passenger trade on the Mediterranean, and was
wrecked in 1837. Our subject commanded
other vessels until 1849, when he became jiart
owner and master of the vessel John Davis, and
again sailed to the Pacific coast, visited Oregon
and in 1850 sold the ship in California, returned
to the region of tlie Colmnbiii, ^T|d located per-

I', ki

800

nrsToiir of ntiKnoy

iimiifiitiv III Saint llcli-ii. wlici'c lie ciigin^ccl in
mfieluuuli^iiif; until 1M»0, wlion ho iftiicil from
liiiHinf8i4 lire, lit; Ktill ownii ii ])Hrt iif it donii-
tiim I'liiini (if 5;i(t acics nil jiicciit to tin; town, a
|ioitioii of wliicii is tiinln'f iiikI tine j;i'aziiif^
land, ami alxi contain^ a valiialilt! Htonu (jiiarrv
nrnl iiniluvi'lo|i('i| coal licils.

Ill ls;i(l Captain Lcinont iiiircliiipcii salmon
at tiiis point tVoni tlii' Indians wiiiidi were packed
in .laniaii'it rum cauks and sliippud to Mustoii,
and tlii> wiiH undouhtLMJIy the tirst salmon ever
shipped east from tlio I'licitiir coast.

Oiir sidijeet has lieen twice married. In the
city of liruss(ds he marrietl .Miss Kmiiia Miir-
tlon July lit. 1S;}7. She was a native i f I, on
don, I'jij»lanc|, ami her death occurred in IHttl
In 1S(;:5 he marrieil Mrs. ,laiie Caple», ai.^o a
native of Knj;iand, hut she also has passud
away, dying Septeinher 2ti, 1888.

I'oliticaliy Captain Lemont is allied with the
Ke|iul)iican party. He held the ollicc of County
Treasurei' for a pcrioii of nine years, and was
one term .Vssessor. He is a consistent memher
of the Mi'llicidi^t Kpiscoiial Cluirch.

When ('aptain Leinont made his first visit to
(>ii>^'on he lirought the first peach trees there
from .luan Fernandez, and Dr. McLaughlin, of
the IIikIsou's liay (Jonipany, |ihinted them at
Vancouver in iS'^'.t. Although past eighty
years of ago. Captain l.emont enjoys fairly
good health, and is lilessod with a good memory
of past events of interest. He is a man of
many sterling (jualities, and possesses the re-
spect and esteem of the entire community in
which he resiiles.

l.\MrKI, (JOZINH was among the very
earliest of pioneers to the wihl recesses of
Oregon, then hut little known, except as
the haunt of wild men and heasts of the forest.
He was horn in Mercer county, Kentm-ky, July
^i, 1821. His father, .lohn ('ozine, was a na-
tive of Pennsylvania, and of (lorman descent,
who married Miss Sarah Mradshaw, a native of
Virginia. They had eight children, three of
whom are still living.

The suliject of our sketch was reared in his
native State of Kentucky until he attained the
age of >ixtcci) years, wlieri he removed to Indi-
ana. A> an example of the influence of edu-
cation, lie mentions that before removing to h

free ."^tate, he thought the .\li ilitionists were a
had set of negro stealers, lint when he arrived
among theni he changed his opinion. He re-
sided in Indiana tor six years, when, like manv
<ith(Ts, lioth |irior to and nince that linx^ his
imagination lici'ame tired hy ihe glowing re-
ports of the marvi'lous advantages of the ex-
treme West, {'onseiiucntly.on thc^Sth of May,
Is 13, we find him leaving I'latte county. Mis-
souri, hound to the western wild* of Oregon.
He was at this time twenty-one years of age,
the very age when hope is most dominant in
the human hear'.. Although alone among
strangers, his was an age that know no alien
hilt for an hour, after which they were as friends.
Tims it was natural that he should hecoine well
and favorahly known among the owners of the
fifty two wagons that performed that long tno-
notonons journey. lIowe\er tedious the way
might otherwise have heen, it was rendered a
Very jileasant one to ihe siihject of our sketch
liy the presence of a menilierof Mr. William
Arthur's family, in the j.erson of Miss Maliala
Arthur, the youngest of seven children. Mr.
Cozinc recalls with enthusiasm the impression
her extreme hoauty then made on liis fancy.
The regard was mutual, and on arriving at their
destination they were married, on March 29,
184."), and on the 8th of the following month
they took a donation claim of (Md acres, on
which a portion of the ])ro^perous city of Mc-
Minnville now rests. At that time, however,
all was new, with no thought of the future
great |>l•o^perity in store for the valley, with an
occasional cahin, like their own, dotting at great
distances that liixnrant country. Without
dower, other than good health and natural in-
telligence, they began with courage and even
joy, the battle of life, encouraged by each others
society and affection. He had learned the
black>mitlis' trade, and was naturally a good
mechanic. They thus began the task, always
pleasant to young hearts, of house building, and
soon their cabin was raised and his (dacksmith
shop l)uilt, the site of which was near vlierc the
Hapti>t College now stands, and it is safe to
say that our first parents in Eden were no hap-
pier than they.

Here they remained uninterrupted for four
happy pears, when allured by the gold dis-
coveries in California, he left, in 18-48, his
courageous wife on the farm in Oregon's wilds,
amidst the Indians, while he sought to increase
tlieir fortun^'B by mining on Feather river, riie

HlHToliY <t}f uitKnnM.

Hot <{ul<l Nvliicli liu rdiilid li(^ iiiiiilu into ji I'iii^r,
wliicli now iiiloi'iis tlio IiiiikI of lii^ faitlifiil
wife, \\w slmrer of his cures I'or t'lU'tytiijilit
years. Forluno smilt'd on liis ett'orts. nnd he
returned to his iioine witii SCOdO, Since tiieii
the exciteiiieiit of i.'ald-(lij{f^ino' liiis never for-
stvkeii iiiin and he Iihh frci|uently spent inontlis
in proHpc'iinir tor tlie precious ore, cooiviiiji' his
food in tiie fryinir -putt, and wrapped in ids
Mani<ets at ni^lit, with notiuni^ aiiove idni Init
tlie starry <'anopy of lieiiven. tlie results of wlncii
are many chdnij in various parts uf the country,
wliicii. wlieii developed, perliaps ycurs lience,
when tlie orii.';iMa! prospector has |)assed away,
will yield untold wealth to his decendants.

Mr. (Juzinc returned from Califoi'nia to Ore-
gon, where he continueil faruiinf^ and plied his
trade as vifrorously as ever at the forjie. Fi-
nally tiie city of McMinnville commenced to as-
sume coniniendable proportions, and the hardy
pioneer and his wife were instrumental in aicf-
injr its upliuildini^, contributing to evi-ry enter-
prise hnviuf^that ol)ject in view. They gave the
colk'iie twenty acres oftheir cultivated farm, for a
cHinpus, besides aiding it liherally with money,
and "Father" Cozine was one of the trustees for
many years. Besides this, they assisted evcy
church mill public enterprise of the city, in-
cluding the public schools. ''Father" Cozine
and his good wife have the honor of beinir the
])ioneer patrons of the college, thus endeariiijj
themselves to the community.

Out of tlieir donation claim they have made
several additions to the prosperous, and con-
stantly increasing city. Mrs. Cozine, who has
always been his 'dietter half" has given him
halves in everything, and still has more of her
claim than he has, and he says she is the richer
of the twol They have made as many as live
additions to the city, and he has forty acres left,
while she has 100; he also owns considerable
business property.

In 1851 lie built a beautiful home, which is
suggestive of comfort and retinement, the
grounds of which are tastefully laid out and
rendered attractive by shade trees and flowering
shrubs. As he could not live without his shop,
lie built a good one near, whore the pioneer of
1843 still does some of the more ditticult jobs,
which other people have trouble in doing. His
whole form snows the efforts of a life of work,
being rugged and unusually powerful. He still
works in his garden, to raise the vegetables for
family use, and also assists his wife in the culti-

vation of the llowcr-, wliich ulMiiind in profii-
ion aidiiMil their biautiful liome. Tliey have
had eight children, tlp'oe now living, all oiwhcmi
lire comfortably settled in life, and their parents
are alone again, as in their younger days. I,u-
cretia, is the wife of .1. \,. Story, ami resides al
the !)allcs; I'leasant, lives in ScattU'; while
.\uburii is the wife of Kidiert l-iiin, and resides
in i'ortland. The children that liMve gone be-
fore are: Clay, who dieil aged i'nur years iind
ten tiays; i'ierce, aged nine months anci tweiity-
three-days; Seth, five years and twenty days;
Sed, throe years and seven months; and ilolin,
two years and fnur days.

Mr. Cozine bus been a Iwepnbliciin ever since
the organization of the party, but "as recently
become a Prohibitionist. He Joineil the I'ap-
tist Church in l^iH. and was the secimd man
immersed in the State, since when ho lias beei.
a Deacon of the("hurcb, be and his good wife
being two of its most worthy pillars.

In the enjiiynient of excellent health and the
universal esteem oftheir t'ellowincn. aM<l with
characters securtdy l<nit together by siic(rcBt'iilly
enduring so many trials of the jiast. tlicy are
jiursuing the even tenor of their way, amiil the
best wishes of the Community for their happi-
ness here and hereafter.

=^^^

tUTHKli \V. PLACF, a prominent young
busiMCss man, of Haker City, Oregon, w-as
born in Haker county, Oregon, .\pril 5,
1804, and was the second child born to (Miarles
K. and Mary Ellen Place. The fatlier of our
subject was born in Pennsylvania in 1790, and
was one of the first settlers of Oregon. He had
tli'^ appointment at one time of head fanner at
the Siiiicoo lieservation some time in the fifties,
In 1800 he married Miss Kllen Mock, born in
1845. Mr. Place died June 0, 1S70. age«l
eighty years, his wife surviving him until 1878,
wlien she too died, at the age of thirty-three.
Mr. Place came to < >regon at a very early day, and
bought the land where Baker City now stands.
He came to Powder Uiver Valley in 1800, and
l)ecanie a very wealthy man before death. Mr.
and Mrs. I'lace had four chidren, namely;
Samuel, Luther W., Mrs. Ida Sisley and Linnie.
Our subject, Luther, attended the public
school in Baker City, and when he became old
enough he was sent to the Portland and I'ishop

809

IltsTOHV I IF oUKiloS.

n i :

i !, 1

Beott AcHilciiiy hihI tlu-rt! timk all tlii! uciul(.>iiiic
coiirni'. liUtiT III! iittciidiMl llif I'oitlaiiil * iiiii
iiicrcial < ollcjif. fruin wliicli lie ri'ci'ivoil a ili
pliiiiia wlit'M 111! will* twi'iilytwo yearn olil. Mis
HrKt Iiiii»im!8i4 vi'iitiire wax tn open a l)<>i)k anil
siatioiit-ry ^loii! in Uakcr City, wliicli liu immi-
tiniKMl until May, I'^i'l, wlicn he t'omicil a co
nartncoliip with M. Miller, tlit' lirni licin^ Mil-
ler iV I'las'e, in a lar^e grocery «t(ire tliiit m do-
in^' a l)U«*ini'<» «>f liiiin SlS.OUO lo S"iO,(MI(l [ht
year. Tlii« in a ^doil, snli>tantial Mrin, !><itli of
till' yiiiiiif{ men ln-in^^ t nterpriftinj^ ami imiiis-
triiius anil they coniinand tlic Ih'kI Iraili' of tlio
city, (hir sniijei'i owns one of the hebt res'-
tleiict'H in the city on the corner of I Mace ami
Second >trcct', an I has <ither city |iro|perly. aUo
other valiialiln oii.ri<le |iro|ierty.

Mr. riace w;i> married April tl. l.S^7. to Mw-
Mollie .Met all, a native of N'ir^inia, danjjiitcr
of.lohn A. McCall. Mrs. I'laco caino to < )re-
>;on in 18H5 on a \ isit. ami was nnirried to Mr.
I'lare while heri'. In two years she returned
lionie on a visit to her father and little sister,
i.ml on her return hrouf^ht with her her wister,
Di.ie, who now makes her home with .Mr. am
.Mr^' I'lace. Mr. I'lace has filled some res|ions-
ihle |iusitions 'aliiu town, heinj; City Treasurer
one term and served two years in the City Coun-
cil. At this jircBunt wiitinij (^IS'J'i) he is a can-
ilidute for County Treasurer on the l{e|iul>licnn
ticket, and it' honesty and |iii|mlHrity will in-
fluence the vote he cerlaiidy will he electecl.
Mr. ami Mrs. I'lace' have I wo little airls: Vivian,
four years old. and K\a, two years old. Mr.
I'laee is considered ii very briirlil young man
with a tine future before liim. lie was early
lelt without his jiarents, liis father dyiiii^ when
he had only reached the noe of tour, his mother
when he was twelve, liiit he inijiroved his o|i|iur-
tiinities and has made himself what he is. lie
lias the honor of havinij been the first child
born in Maker City. .Socially Mr. I'lace is coii-
nevled with the IiRie|ienileiit Order of < >dd i'"el-
lows of Baker City.

T|^ILLIA.H E. AVILLIAMS. of Airlie.
^-'I'Sul ^'""^ county, Orcfion. is the younijest
l*"^^ foil ot .lames E. Willinnis, an honored
pioneer of 1845. Mr. Williams has the lioiior
of lieiiii; the owner of 040 acres of land, on
which his father settled in 18-15, and on which

lie wu>4 born March 7, 1^5'i. lie is a Hue look
iiij; nentleiiiiiii, with brij^ht 'lark evec, weij^lis
275 poiimls, but is very active, lie can run
and jump on a liorsii without touching him.
Mr. NVilliairiH is one of the reprcHentativc sons
1 f ( li'cgnn, ami one of whom his State liti> no
rca. mitiibe a^llalm■d. (For history nf father
and family >ce bioi^rraphy of \V. \V. Williams,
who is a brother of snlijcct,)

Mr Williams tells the following sfury in
connection with the early settlement of Imh

I father in Oregon: Mr. VVilliHiiis, Sr., brought
Iii8 wife ami seven children with him to ( )regoii,
ami the lirst iiifjht they were in I'olk coiintv
they camped on the banks of the Liickamiitte.
huriiij; the ninlit there was a severe storm and
till! river rose. Of course the camp was Ihicided
and they were obliged to clamber out in the
darkness and move their tent to hi<;licr groiiml.

; They were used to beiiif; wet ami colil, but this

i seemed a little w,)rso than any other wettinj^
they had bten subject to durinj^ their long
trip. .Mr. Williams, Sr., selected a ilonation

! claim, and by steady, hard work, succeeded in
I making a success of his life in ( >regoii. lie
was very import' tit in the politics of the Terri-
tory, being elected to the Territorial Legisia
tiire and having held several county oHices. lie
<lied in 18(J."), aged si. \ty- two, and his good wife
(lied in 1S85. ajjed seventy-five.

The subject of this sketch was thirteen years
old at the time of his father's death, lie was
reared on the farm, attended the public scIicmiIs
and remained with his mother and became her
right-hand man in running the farm, until her
death. He inherited fifty-three acres of his
father's land, and with his mother's aid he
ailded to it from time to time and buiiglit the
int^•re^t of the other heirs, and at his mother's
death became the owner of the entile jiroiierty,
one of the finest claim- of this rich valley. Mr.
Williams i> a member of I. ( >. O. V.. and in
politics he is a stanch Democrat, lie devotes
the whole of his attention to his farm, lie
resides contentedly on his farm, where he has
spent all of liis life.

Mr. Williams was married October 7, 1870,
to Miss Aiiiericaii A. I'rice, daughter of I"". U.
J'rice ami (iiila (Sini|ison) I'rice. She was born
ill I'olk county, February 7. 1850. Her father
was a native of Virginia and her mother of
Missouri, and they were Oregon pioneers of
1840. They were 15a|)tiBt8 in religion and
were worthy people, who died in 1873 and Feb-

iiisronv OF (tiiKtioy.

ft):)

niiiiy 14, IS'.M), rt'spuclivcly. Six of tlieir |
chililrcii uri! ntill living iiml uru ri'>«|it'i'.tiili|(', j
Wi'll-to'ilt) riirmi'i-M of I'l'lk (•(jiiiity. Mr. iiinl
Mi'M. Williiiini* Imvt! liiul fuiii' cliildii'ii, all hoiih,
niiiiii-ly: Miirciirt Clvilp \\'iiy<lc liHiiipton;
Floyil Ali'MiiidiT, hihI ^V : "nil K., .Ir.

Mr. \Villillrll^ Ih h plea, i" , lio8|iitiililt' ;,'t'Mtlc-
inan. ilib earl}' Ixiylinod lioiiiu waii tlu* liuiiic
of all tin- itinerant ri'iaelierx, tliojieof tlie Melii-
(iiliHt K|)i><-<)|)al C ' icli Suii:.!, in |i'irii<Milar, as
liin father was of mat faith, but 'rum tiiat (hior
riDiu! were turned away, and lii» Bon ix junt iw

h'lHpitHidu.

flloM.VS UrniEli D.WIDSON, wh..
lias HO acceptably lilleil the ofKce of .Iiidi^t^
of Marion county, < h-ejron, i» a native of
Greene county, Illinois, horn Noveniher 14,
1833. Ilis father was Jitnie^ I>iivids(in, a na-
tive of the liiuc-gragg State, and a giddier in
the war of 1812, for whicii service he wan pen-
sioned l)y the (loverninent. lie was nnited in
marriage to Miss Amelia .\ment, also a Ken-
tuckian hy hirth; her t'atlier emigrated to this
country from Holland; he had been e<lucated
for the priestliood, ''"t was converted to Prot-
estantism, anil joined the Methodist Episcopal
Church; he was married in Kentucky, to Miss
Metcalf, a relative of (lovernor Metcalf, of the
same State. To .fames Davidson and his wife
were born nine children, four of whom survive.
Judge Davidson is the youngest born; he re-
moved with the family to the State of Iowa in
1831!. March 1, 1847, they started across the
plains for Oregon, making the journey with o.\
teams; their company formed the first large
emigrant train from the States, and consisted of
fifty wagons; at Fort Hull tliey divided, twenty-
live^ incr by the southern route. 'I'iiey arrived
October 0, of the same year.

Salem had jnst '^'en jilatted, and a few little
houses built. Mr. Davidson settled on (4ov-
ernment land near Salem, and the first year of
their residence there, their food consisted jjrin-
cipally of boiled wheat, venison, and cofl'ee made
(if pease. They improved the land, and the
Judge still owns and occupies the portion of
land which his father took up forty-four years
ago. He was sent to the first school in Salem,
and finished his education at Willamette Uni-
versity.

Judge DavidKon has devofcd the greater por
tion of his life since arriving at njMn'rt e.-!ate |i>
the pui>uit of agricnlliire. He has been very
siiccessfnl in breeiling iiiid raising tine sheep,
and in l^Tti, at the Oenlennial Iv\ji(isition, he
wa- awiirdci! a nii'dal for the best .Nleriiio woul
in competition with the world. He was one of
the organizers nf the State .\grieultural So
ciety. and has always taken an active pari in
its atfnii.-;lie has tilled the ollice of president
with great satisfaction to the niiMiibiiship.

He was married .Inly t), IHtiH, to NHs* Mary
S. .\[elson, a native of Missoiiri, and » daughter
of S. D. Melsiiii, a lesidem of this St.ite for a
(juarter of a century. There have been born to
.fudge and Mrs. I)avid>on three children: .liilia
Lauretta, a beautiful child, died at the age of
live and a half years: Tliomus I., and I.estir
M., survive. In his jiolitical convictions the
.Iiidge has atliJiated with the Demociii'ic j)arty,
having cast his tirst presidental vote for Stephen
.\. Doiigla-. He has been prominently identi
(ied with local p(llitic^, and in 18'J1 was aji-
pointed C'ounty Judge to fill the vacancy caused
by the resignition of .ludge Waldo. His rul-
ings have been governed \>\ 'i conscientious de-
sire to carry out the spirit of the law and mete
out justice. He is a member of the Masonic
fraternity. Iielonging both to the blue lodge and
chapter. He has been a member of the Meth-
odist Episcopal (Jliurch for years, and has aiiled
in all its work, contributing freely of his means
to all movements reijuiring financial sujiport.
He has lived a life above reproach, and is
justly jiroud of the result he has assisted in ac-
complishing in the development of the county
of Marion.

tEWIS .UiUAMS, the pioneer warehouse
man and merchant of Lincoln, I'olk
county, '* "gon, came to the Pacific coast
in 1849. He was born Eebrnary 2!t. 1828, in
New Jersey. His ancestors settled in New.ler-
sey prior to the Kevolution. His father, Ste-
phen .\brams, was born there and married Miss
Lctitia (?onover, a native of his own State.
They had seven children, of whom live are now
living. They removed to Illinois and resided
in Scott county for a number of years ami here
tlie father died, aged sixty-two, his wife having
died previously.

804

HISTORY OP ORHaON.

Our subject WHS sovoii ymwe, of li^u wIumi he
went to live in liliiiuis, jiiiiJ ultiioiif;li they h>-
catecl ill Scott, after tiiat county was divideil
they found themselves in Morgan county. The
facilities for ohtaining an education, at that
early day were limited, hut Mr. Ahranis se-
cured a sliiflit knowleifcof the three "Us" in the
little log schoolhouse. When he became old
enough to look out for himself he enifaujed as a
boatman on the river and remained in this ]io8i-
tion for three years, but in 18-1:9 starteil for
California, with oxen. As he was young and
adventurous, the trip was only a pleasant jour-
ney.' lie went direct to the nmies, in El Dorado
and Placer counties, and mined on the .\ineri-
can river, lie did a good deal of liard work,
but was not rewai'ded by any great "Hnds."'
Tile milling was carried on- in winter and he
sufiered from exposure. In 18(i2 he came to
east Oregon and at Colville, Washington Terri-
tory, was engaged in running a store, packing
his supplies from I'oiLland. lie was there for
seven years and met with fair success, and from
there ho went to l^ritish C^oluinbia and sunk
83(),UUO in the mines. In IStiT he came to
Salem and from there to Lincoln, Spring valley,
where he purcha-ied un interest in the store of
Mr. J. D. Walling. Later his pai'hier was ac-
cideiitly killed by a horse and Mr. .\bram; be-
came sole j)ro|)rietor of the business. In addi-
tion to his mercantile business he lias been en-
gaged for years in buying, storing and slii|)ping
grain, liis store and warehouse are situated
on the banks of the Willamette which alfords
a good avenue of transportation to I'oi-thind,
anil the remainder of the eountry. lie has
handled as much as 25l),(MM) bushels of grain
per annum, but the railroads iiave interfereil
with his busiiiei-s interests to some extent, al-
though he continues to do a large and tloiirish-
intr business. Mr. Abrams is the owner of a
nice resilience in Lincoln and a tine farm of 2L(»
acres nearl)y. He built his home in ISOS. In
1870 he was clecti'd IV>stmas',r and has .dnce
continuc(l in that ofHcc.

lie was marriivl in Illinois in IHtil, to Miss
Marv Shea, a native of that State. Mr. and
Mrs. Abrams have one daughter, Lois, who is
now Mrs. L. Rea Green and resides near her
father. In 18(>'J, after five years of married
life Mrs. .Mirams died and her lot-s was very
deeply felt by her husband. .After remaining
single for Hve years lie married Miss I'hosa
Wilteii, a native of Oregon, chiughter of Joshua

E. Witti'ii, a native of Tennesse, and ( )regon
pioneer of 1852. The father is ileceased, but
the mother still survives and resides with her
daiiirliter, .Mrs. Abrams, ajjed seventvtwo. Mr.
and Mrs. Abrams have three children: Lettia,
Carlton, and ('hester. Mr. and Mrs. Abrams
are worthy members of the Methodist Church.
Mr. Abrams joined this church when it was
organized in his place and has since been a
worthy member of it. lie has aided in build-
ing the house of worship and has done all in
hii power to assist in maintaining it in his
county, and he is now Steward of the cbiindi.
In political matters he believes with the Repub-
licans and has been a member of said party
since its organization. lie is a reliable citizen,
is widely known and is held in high esteem by
his fellow-citizens in the county where he has
carried on his dill'erent business enterprises.

fOlIN T. SIMPSON, another one of the
Oregon pioneers of 184ti,aiid a well-known
business man of Sheridan, dates his birth
in Missouri, dune 20. 1841.

The Simpsons are of Scotch origin, (irand-
father William Simpson, u native of Tennessee,
and a Haptist minister, n.arried a Miss Kinsee.
They had a family of ten children. His death
occurred in 1856. Renjiimin Simpson, the third
of this family and the father of John T, was
born in Alabama. He removed to Missouri
and ther(! married Miss Elzirah Jane Wisdom,
a native of that State, (irandffither Wisdom
was a soldier in the war of 1812. Our >ubject
was their (jiily child, and he Wi,s left motherless
when only seven days old. The father after-
ward marrie.l Miss Nancy Cooper, by whom ho
had two children born in Missouri. With liia
wife and three children he croi^sed the plains to
Oregon in 184t). Arriv(>d in v Oregon ('ity. he
was enixaireil in the merchandise business until
1852, and whih' there built the first sawmill on
the ('lnckamas river. In 1852 ho moved to
Salem, and built the steamer Oregon, which he
ran for three years between the Willamette falls
and Salem. During this time he had a stori'
at Sublimity. He then purchased the I'eter
I'oley farm and was engaged in agricultural
jnirsuits two ^ears, aftc which he traded the
farm for the Neal sawmill property. While

nisroHY OF oHEaoif.

nmiiing tlu^ mill lie met with iiii iicciilcut wliicli
iii'iii'ly cost him his life. This was ii tall, i'miii
the (.■ttVcts of which he ri'maitu'(! uiiconsi'ioiis
st'Vt'i'al weeks, and it was months befm'e he fully
iveovered. In 185f) lu< went to the (inuKh'
lionde Iiuliaii reservation and was einj)loye(l by
the (rovernment- to bnihl a dam and run a saw-
mill, lie |)tircha--eil a store anil also conducted
that some tinie. Then he was appoinlecl Indian
agent at the Siletz reservation, and while there
built a sawmill and two schooners, the Louisa
aii<l the t'lonora. He used these vessels in ship-
ping lumber to San Francisco. After this he
served the Government as Surveyor-Genei'al.
and later as I'ost-oftice Inspector tor Oregon and
Washington. HiMuoving to Tennessee, he held
tlii^ same position in the South for several years.
In his early career in Oregon he was four times
elected a member of the Letiislature. first from
Clackannis county, then from Marion, and later
from I?ent(jn and Polk counties, each time serv-
ing with distinguished ability. His life has
been characti'rized by his Chi'istian graceu, and
as a minister of the Baptist Church he has been
instrumental in doing givat good. He is now
seventy-four years of age. He and his wife are
residents of Selma, Alabama. Xearly all of his
twelve chiMren are settle<l on the I'acilic coast.

John T. Simpson has been identifieil with the
interests of Oregon since his early childhood.
He first attended school in a log cabin in Yam
Hill county, later was sent to school in Clacka-
mas county, and completed his education at
Salem. For fifteen years he was engaged in
writing, teaching and bookkeeping. He spent
ten years on the sound in Washington Terri-
tory. Retui'iiing to Yam Hill county, be taught
school at Sheridan three or four years. Tlien
he ])urohused land in the (irande Konde country,
which, alter some years, he sold and then bought
280 acres of land, located ten miles east of Sheri-
dan. On tins property lu* has since lived, en-
gaged in stock-raising. He aiso has an office
in Shei'idan. where be is doing real-estate, con-
veyancing and collecting business; is also a
notary public.

In 1859, while in Washington Territory, Mr.
Sim]>son marriecl Miss Nancy Martin, a native
of Missouri and a <laughter of Jesse Martin.
Two of their children, Estella and William H.,
were born in Waslnngton. The former died at
the age of five years, and the latter, when in his
twenty-sixth year, was killed on the farm by a
falling limb. He left a widow and two chil-

dren, natives of Oregon, as follows: F. M. an
John T., both married and residing in I'olk
county; Nannie ('.. Daisy. .Maud anil Carl, at
bonii'.

I'olitically, Mr. ."^inipson is a Democrat. He
is a man who keeps liimM'lf well posted on the
generid topics of the day; is justly prmid of the
State in which he resides, and takes^i deep in-
terest in its growth and development.

fKNJAMIN F. HART.MA.N, whose arrival
in Oregon dates back to the formation of
the State, government, and who became a
prominent factor in the permanent growth of
McMinnviUe by erecting the first large and sub-
stantial brick business block in the city, thus
emphasizing bis faith in its future prosperity,
was born in Dansville, Livingston county. .New
York, May 9, 1837. His parents were Henry
and Elizabeth Catharine (^Zerl'ass) Ilartman, both
natives of Pennsylvania, and both of Gernnin
descent. They had fourteen children. .\t the
birth of the youngest, both iiiotlier and child
died.

The subject of our sketch was the eleventh
child, and was but seven years of age when his
mother died. Her loss was a severe one to
father and children alike, for although his father
continued to keep liouso in order to keep the
family together, yet the care of a mother was
sadly missed. He was reared to manhood in
his native State, and lived at home until his
eighteenth year, attending the common schools,
and later learning the carpenters' trade, at which
he worked for three years as aTi apprentic , and
one year as a journeyman.

.Vt the end of this time he embarked by water
from New Y'ork for Sun Francisco. He first
went to Y'rekn, California, and thence walked
all the way to Eugene City. Oregon, where ho
took the stage to (^orvallis, whence he walked
to Ilillsboro, where be found his brother, .1. J.
Ilartman. Here he worked on a farm utitil the
fall of 1859, when he went north of Portland,
and was engaged in cutting cord wood during
the winter, after wdiich he visited California
again, where, in company with bis brother, he
traveled abont, looking for work, until he be-
came indebted to his brother for .S'liS, and finally
commenced work near Vallejo, where lu; re-
mained for a year and a half. He then returned

W)(l

nisidiiy OF ouKuuX.

to ()i-e<i(iri ill till' fall ui ISCil, and worked in
Yam Hill, Washington and Multiioiiiali coiiii-
tit's, until the fall of 18()'2, when he rented a
farm in Washinjj;ton county, on which he re-
mained for five years, rai>infr wheat, tiie tirst
crop of which ho sold for 55 cents a htishel.
Before his time had expired he sold some of the
wheat for .'?2.1() a bushel. The last crop which
he harvi'r-ted niiiiiliered 0,500 bushels of wheat
and 5.000 bushels of oats. In all of this his
brother was a partner. They tinally made money
enough to purchase 4()5 acres of land adjoining
llillsboro. where our subject re-ided and farmed
successfully for three yi-ars. His brother then
desirinir to return to the East, our subject
bought his interest in the farm, l)ut upon his
brother's return he allowed him his orij^inal in-
terest at the same price, ^KOOO. His brother,
however, soon became dissatisfied and sold it
b^ck again, giving him a mortgage on it all to
secure the price of the half.

At this time the biiildiiii; of the railroad be-
gan to be agitated, and Portland capitalists
commenced to buy up the land on the route.
Mr. Hartmaii at tirst offered his land for $8,000
for thirty ilTiys, but it was not taken; so lie
raised it to !?9,0O0 for the next thirty days;
nor waA it taken within that time, and he again
raised the price, this time to !plO,000. when
Ladd I't Iteed |)urcliased it. .Vfter be had -old
he found they had also purchaseil tlie lanil
which he had intended to buy. They tinally
engaged him to superintend their farms, at a
salary of $1,500 a year, ])i'oviding for iiimself
and wife. They iiad ten farms, and lie fouiul
the task of their sujierintendence a hard one.

When through with rliis he came to Mc.Mimi-
ville, which was in the fall of 1871, and here
opened a store of general merchandise. In tiiis
new venture he was very successful, until in
1871 he built the tirst brick store in tiie town,
on tiio corner of Third and (' streets, which is
still standing, as evidence of thi» correctness of
his judginent in building where lie did, instoail
of selecting other sites which were offered to
him gratis, but which he as often declined.
Around the location selected iiy him the charm-
ing little city of Mc.Minnville has crystallized,
growing each year in strength and beauty, until
it threatens to rival some of its more preten-
tions sisters.

Mr. Hiirtmaii continued to conduct his store
until 1SS4, when Mr. Ajiperson came to the
city and purchased a half interest in the busi-

ness, and tinally, in 1885, our subject sold out
entirely to his partner, since when Mr. Apper-
son has continued the business, until it is now
the largest establishment in the city.

Ml', llartinan has since devoted his attention
to farming, purchasing, in 188(3, 407 acres of
land, located three miles west of JfcMinnville.
This property he has improved with substantial
residence and commodious barns for stock and
grain, besides erecting a good fence around the
farm, and has it under a good state of cultiva-
tion, until it is now a most valuable piece of
property. I'esides this he owns considerable
city property in McMinnville. He has retired
from active life on the farm, and resides in Mc-
Minnville, where he has engaged in the agri-
cultural implement business.

He was married on December 29, 18G4, to
Miss Millie Arthur, a native of Washington
county, Oregon, and a daughter of Richard Ar-
thur, a well known and highly respected pioneer
of 1843.

Mr. Hartman's politics have been llepublicaii
since the orgaiii/.ation of the party, in the or-
ganization of which he participateil. but he has
long since ceased to be satislied with it on the
temperance ipiestion, and is now the candidate
of the Prohibition party for Representative to
the State Legislature.

He was a charter member and the first Past
Master of the A. (). U. W., in the welfare of
which he takes an active interest. Ho and his
estimable wife are worthy members of the
Christian Church, to the support of which they
are ever liberal contributors.

Of honest intentions and of great firmness in
his convictions, he is a power for good in his
community, sustaining the right and ijattling
against the wrong as long as his strength shall
last or life be spared.

S^OSWKM, I,. I'.KWLKV. a prominent far-
^ iiier of Sliei'i<hin. and a niitixc son of Ore-
^ gon, was lioi'ii at Salem. DecenilH'i' 24,
18(54. I .\ biogi'a|(hy of his iiither mid family
will lie ronml on aiiother page of this work.)

The -ubject of oiir sketch was reared on his
father's farni. ami was educated in the academy
at I'ore-t (ii'ove. and the Itaptist College at Mc-
Minnville. Kiglit years of his life were spent at
^I('^^inll\ ille. .Vfter his i'litlier's death, he came

utHfonr OF oRmoN.

into |in,->('ssi()M (if llic cstiitc. iilioiit 5.0(10 iici-c.--
ol' viilualilc land, ^itllilt(•(l in a lU-liirlitl'iil locality
within a short ilislancc of Sju'i'idan. lloatuniv
sottlcil (Ml this |iro|)i'i-ty. anil has since hccn con-
(hictiiiii farniinif t)|iciations on a larij;e sciilc.
He jfivcs nmcli attention to the rai>ini_r of tine I
siieep, Dni'liani cattle, and clioice ('lydes<lale j
horses. j

Mr. liewley was nnirried. Oetoher 7, 1888. to j
Miss A'lna ^dnn<r. a native of .New ^'orl^•, am
a Danijhtei- of William 'I'onno;. 'I'hey have tvi-
sons tliat they liave nanieil .lanies an<l William
in honor of their erandfathers.

fKNJ.AMlX nrUDKX I'.It.VX.SOX, a
widely known and hiirhly resjiected Yarn
Hill coniity I'armei'. and an()reij;on pioneer
of 184S. was horn in the State of Illinois. Sep-
temlier 4. 1830. He is of Knelish ancesti'y who
emiii;rated to tlie colonies of .Vmerica in 1735.
and settleil in the Sonth and Kast, and to the
Sontli liranch of the family Mr. llniuwon lielonjrs.
His ancestors |iartiei|)ate(l in the war of the
IJevohition, some on one side and some on the
otlier. and in the late civil war they wt-re also
arrave(| i\irainst each otlier.

Nir. lirauson's father. William I'ranson. was
liorn in North Carolina, .lannary 9, 1791. From
that State the family moved to Sontli Carolina,
where lie resided until his seventeenth year.
Tliey then moved to Ohio, and lie worked in a
p in Chillicothe for several years,
-one he went to Indiana,
and ti 'n<'e to Illinois. In the latter State he
iinrchased 200 acres of lanil from the (roverii-
iiieiit. and resideil on it several years. He was
niarrieil in Indiana to Miss Sarah (iraves, a
native of that State. They had ten children.
She died in 18-10. lie married a secoiul time,
and in 1848. with his wife and seven children,
(three hy his first wife and four liy the second)
he made the lonjj; triji across the jilains with ox
teams to < )reiron.

■Vt the time the I'ranson family came AVest.
I'enjaniin I!, was a hright, active, fearless youth
of eiirhteeii years. .\t liear river their journey
was marked liy two events, namely, a death atid
liirtli. 'riiomas IJ.'teman. a yoiin^ man without
relatives in the company, died of nioiintain fever
anil was hiiried. Tlie same day Mrs. .lereniiali
Dickens u-ave liirlli to a chihi. which child is

machine slioji in Chill
At the aj)-e of twcnty-i

now a re>ident of Alhany. ((renun. When
they reached the Ihiriit river. Mrs. IJchecca
Dawson, a memher of their com pan v. a ladv
sevent\ -four yeai's of a^'e who war- coniiiio; to
Oregon with her children, died.

Arrivcil in ( >reij;on the l'.ranson>. took nji land
at ( iraiide IJonde. and resideil on it the first win-
ter. They then settled at Willamina, where they
purchased (i4() acivs of land of Harden .lohnson,
who sold ont to jro to California. Here the
father died in ISfiO, at the aire of sexcnty years.
He had loiiir heeii a memher of the Methodist
Clinreh. and had lead a most e\eiii|ilary life.
Mrs. I'ranson snhseqiiently marrieil Michael
Shelly. Her death occurred in iSll'.l.

The snliject of this sketch rendered his father
valued assistance on the overland journey to this
State, anil heljied him estahlish the new hoiiK?
and develop the farm. He hunted and fished
and ran with the Indians, hecomino- familiar
with the Indian laniriiao-e. There is perhajis not
another man in the .State, who can speak their
lanirnajre hefter than he. In ISol, tilled with a
desire to visit the irolil reoions of California, he
persuaded his father to irive him an outfit for the
journey upon the conditions that his father
should have half of all he made. ,\fter an experi-
ence of thirty-one days in the mines at Vreka.
the watiM' ^a\e out and he retiiriieil to ( h'ee'on,
havine; olitaiiied §7011 and takinij it with liiiii.
It may here he stated that the contract with his
father was kept. The next summer he and two
hrothers went to southern Oreifon and eiiiiaired
in mining. Kacli returned with $700. Five of
them struck it rich, in oiieday lakinirout §"^,050.
Mr. liranson's share was !^410. The same com-
pany found on the north fork of .lackson creek,
one piece of gold worth Sl.~7"-i. His hrother,
Isaac .N.. picked this piece up ahoiit a mile and
a quarter ahove the present town of .lackson-
viUe.

March 13. 1850, i[r. ni-.i!!SonV father pui'-
chased for him 040 acres of land, payinu- for it
$,")00. Oetoher Isth of the I'ollowi'nu year, he
went to live on if. ami on this properly he has
since lived and prospered. Two yeiii's hefore
settliuii; here lie had camjied on this very place,
near the jiresenf town of Sheridan,

Septi'iiiher 15, 1854. Mr. Mranson niarrieil
^liss Kli/a E. Dickey, a native of Roane county,
Tennessee, and a dauijhter of .lohn Dickey, who
came to this State in lS5i?. They had thirteen
children, ten of whom are now liviiio. Mrs.
I'.iauson departed this life A|iril :2'.t. isss, after

SOS

II I STORY Oh' oiimnoy.

11 liiipjiy iiiiii'i'ifil lii'i' of tliii'ty I'liiir vciii'.-. Sill'
was 11 iiH'iiiln'r of the l>ii|ili>t Clnircli. anil u wii-
iiiun whose aiiiiahility ami irciiial lios|iitality
won for luT liosts of frii'iuls' Thi' poor ami tlic
ntH'ilv anil tlii' .-tranifcr. us wi'll as tlii' frii-ml. iil-
ways foMml a Ufli'onii' ut lu-r door. It was not
iimisiiiil forlii'rto set a tiiMi' for tifti'iMi or twi-nty.
In iMiT Mr. lli'imson Imilt a connnoilioiis ri'si-
iliMifi'. l-'ollo\vinir aiv till' names of tlii'ir cliil-
<lri'n: Sarah Ann. wife of ('.(). liiiriri'ss; Jo-
sephine, wife of \V. \V. Smith; Klnora, wife of
W. .\. lUair; Kli/.a .lane, wife of. I. II. Foster,
ilied March '■), ISHl. leaviiiir five little (lauifliters
i']|pliraiiii N.. who is inairieil ami is eni>iiij;e(l in
farmiiio-; Laura \'.. wife of S. M. IVnlaml; Ida
M.. wife of K. 1,. Harris; iiml ( )rl>a K.. Siuii (J.,
Lena T. and (iertrnde. at ]u iie. ( )n the last of
1 >e('einlier. IMKI. Mr. Briiison married Mrs.
Klizalieth T. I'hillips, a widow with five ehildren.
her luishand inn iiiif lieen killed in a Kansas ey-
elone.

NFr. liranson joined the I'aptist Chiireh in
1S,")1. four months after the ori£aiii/ation of tlie
ehnreh here, and has since heen one of its leadine;
inenihers. ha\ ine- served as Clerk, Treasurer and
Deacon. I'uhlic-spirited and irenerons, he lias
given more away than he is now worth. He
was one of the incorporators and builders of the
Narrow Gauge Railroad in 1878, and foi two

fears served as vice-president of the company,
n 185:i, during the trouble with the Rogue
river Indians, he took an active part in helping
to subdue the red men. Politically, Mr. liran-
son is a Repulilican. He lias freijuently served
RS a Justice of the Peace.

At this writing Mr. Branson is engaged in
buildint? a residence in Shei'idau, where he ex-
pects to sj)end the evening of his lite. Long
may he live to enjoy his new home and theeoin-
panionship of his family and many friends.

I V R r S S^[ I T II , a successful and retire.!
farmer of Oregon and respected citi/en of
.Viiiitv, was born in (ieiiesee county. New
York, July' -^8, 1820. His father, Ira" Smith,
was born in \'eriniint, September 18, 1800, and
was a desceinlant of one (jf the Kiiglish mission-
aries, who came to .New Lnghinil in the early
history of the colonics, in Ui'M). (Jramlfather
Oliver Smith was also a native of the great
iiiountaiii State.

'{"he father of the subject of our sketch mar-
ried Miss I'olly rainier, a nati\(' of Canada, and
they had si.\ children, threeof whom survive, the
eldest being our subject. In 1826 the family
moved to Oakland county, Michigan, in the early
settlement of that State.

Here the subject of our sketch resided until
he attained his twenty-sixth year, when, on
February 2, 1852, he started on the long jour-
ney to California by way of New York and
Panama, arriving in San Francisco August 28,
of the same yea.'. He first went to the mines,
at Marysville, but was not successful, and was
obliged to chop wood to pay his expenses. After
earning ^."iO in this way, he decided to try fann-
ing, as all kinds of produce were very high.

He, accordingly, went to the head of the !iay
of San I'rancisco, wlii're he farmed for a year,
at the end of which time produce had become
])lenty, and he left tliere with only $100.

His desire for gold aTid mining then retiirneil,
and he went to Mud Spi'ings. in Kl Dorado
county, and worked hard at iniuing for six
months, but was not successful. When in poor
luck in the mines he met some Oregonians, who
told him that there was a demand for school
teachers in Oregon, and ileciding that mining
was not his forte, he returned to San Francisco,
where he took pas.suge for ( )regon on the steanier
Columbia, and arrived in June. 1854, in the
tl-n little town of Portland. With all of Ids
woii ly goods in a carpet-bag he started up the
valley, in search of a school without ii teacher,
but lound them all supjilied. liy the time he
had reacheil Yam Hill county it became neces-
sary for him to do sonu'thiug. so he stopped at
Solomon .VUeu's, who ha<l a small store, which
he was hired to look after. He workecl therefor
eiiilit months, dtiriuii which t'me he became ae-
ijiiainted, ami secured a school, which lie taught
fiir about thirteen months.

In 1855 he married Miss Kliznbeth .Mien, an
estimable lady and a native of Jackson county,
Missom'i. where she was born in 1887. She was
a .laughter of Mr. Solomon .Mien, who hail given
him Work, when he was a stranger in need.

After his marriage he engaged in farming,
soon after |iurchasing 120 acres, on which he
built a small house and pliinted a large orchard.
He was very successful, and later sold the prop-
erty aihantageously. purchasing a third interest
in a sawmill at Salcni, which, about a year after-
ward, was consumed by tire, but he rebuil it and
soon after sold it. He then came to .\mity and

nisTonr of Oregon.

8on

iMHrawil ill iiici('li;.ii(li>iMi/, wliicli In- coiitiiiniMl
siU'ccssfuHv for -I'vcM years. At tlicciid of tliis
tiiiu' 111' ti'mk'il Inr ii lui'iii <if 183 acres, wliicli
lie iviitcd, iviiiainiiiii liiiiisclf in Aniitv. From
time to time lie liasaiided toliixirij^iiial jiiircliase,
until he now (in 18'J2) has 510 acres in one
hody, located three miles south of Amity. This
is some of the choicest farmini; land iii the
county, and is very jirodiictixe and valuahle
property. He and iii> t'aithfiil wife I'eside in
Amity, where they have a jileasant home, with
attractive siiri'omidiiii;s, where they are eiijoyinir
the comforts secured iiy their industry and in-
teihVence. !>he has lieen a helpmeet in the tru-
est sense of the word, and has coutrihuted in no
email <leifree to his prosjierity.

Tliey have two children: Kiniiy J., who is now
the widow of ^[r. AV. (i. Ifawley, and resides
with her |mreuts; Alhert (Jrant. Ids son, is an
ahle |)hysician at A aipiina Hay. Oreifon.

Mr. Smitli has lieeii a IJepiihlican ever since
the orirauization of that jiarty. and at the time
of the civil war was a stronif rnion man.

^IvA. Smith is a \vortliy inemher of the Pres-
hyterian Chnrch, to the sii|)])ort of whidi she
contrilintes lilierally of her means and inlluence.

They are liotli e.-teemed pioneers of their town
and comity, where they are known as ujirie-lit
and eiiter|irisinir jieopie ami worthy cif the high-
est ri'irard of their iellow-men.

-^^^^i^-^i<^^^^7<^

^OXORA HI. E JOSEPH A LFPEI)
m) STKO W P.Ul I)(i E. another of Ore-
^Ij eon's adojited sous, was led liy the Star of
Empire to this maifiiiticient State in 1853, since
when he has been ])romi?iently identified with
the interests of the State ami with those of lii.s
favorite city, i'ortlaud. lie was horn in iSIou-
toiir county. Pennsylvania, on Deceinher 1. 1835.
His fatjier. Pliili|i Nl.Strowliridije. was idsoa na-
tive <if Pennsylvania. The family is of Scotch
and Enirlish anci'stry. who located in the Key-
stone State in the early history of the country.
His father marriiMl Elizaheth K.Smith, a native
of Pottsville. Pennsylvania, a daiiLrhter of Hen-
janiin and Elizalietli Smith. Her father was a
participant in the war for independence, on the
side ot' the colonies. His part'iits had eight
children, ti\e of whom came to OiViion with
tiieir iiarcuts.

On July 4, 18t)-l, ^Ir. Slrowhridge was mar-
ried at Oxford, Ohio, to ^[i>s .Mary H. ISodiiian.
<laughter of Dr. II. A. Hodman. They lia\e live
children, all horn in Portlaii<l.

( H' excellent hiisiiicss ahility and in<loniitaiilc
eiUM'gy, he has heiit circninstances to his will,
and carveil a successful career out of the crude
possihilities of a new and unimproved couiitry.
He is an enthusiasticadvocate of everything rela-
tive to his favorite city and State.

^-^--^i

fOC'TOK AMMl SIIH.EV XICHoI.S,
an ahle and well-known j)liysician and sur-
geon, of J'ortland. Oregon, was horn in
Prescott. AVisconsin. on .lannary 'I'l, 1854. His
father, also an eminent medical man, was a na-
tive of W'rmoiit. The family originateil in
to Scotland, the tirst .\iiiericaii ance.-torsl icing the
Rev. Amnii S. Xicliols,whowas,formaiiyyears,up
his ninety-second year, a('oii<rr(>2atioiial pastor at
Braintree, Vermont, where he died, aged ninety-
four years. Several memhers of this well-
known family participated in the war for iuile-
pendence. Doctor Nichols' father married Miss
Emily Porter, a native of Massachusetts, a
daughter of Benjamin Porter, who was a de-
scendant of Jonathan E^dwards. of Massachusetts,
the eminent, divine and author. They had ten
children, the Doctor being the elde.'^t sou. He
was reared in Faribault. Minnesota, attending
the Shattuck Military School at that place. He
was later sent to Carleton College at Xorthtiehl,
and later still, studied medicine at the Hahne-
mann Medical College of Philadelphia, gradu-
ating in 187t). He then took his father's
practice in Minnesota, and had charge for
a year of the State Deaf, Dumb and
Hliiid Asylum. In the fall of 18~;> he
came to Walla "Walla, where he practiced for
two years, removing in the fall of ISSO to
Portland, where he has since continued, meeting
with a successful and reinniierative jiractice.
He has found time in the intervals of profes-
sional duty to interest himself largely in the af-
fairs of the city, purchasing considerable real
estate and becoming a director of the Portland
Trust Company. He is an active member of
the Homeopathic State Medical Society, and
also of the Multnomah II,)meo[)rttliic Soi'iety,
being tlu' jiresidont of both the above UHineU
societies at the present writing, -

^;.1tl

BI'M

810

lusronv OF oii/coo.w.

IIi< \va> iriiiri-ietl in I'^T'.'. to Mi.-s Fi'i'dcricii
Smitli. a iiiitivc dl' l'liihi(lcl|iliiii. Ilicy Inivc
tlirec chililroii: N'ciIm S.. Aniiii Mililrcil iiiid
ClitVord E. After nine ycais of liiippv fniirried
lifi', lii.s wife did on .liuuiiiry o, ls8s.

Tile Doctor's l)i'otlier, Dr. ('larciici' I,. Nichols,
is q.-sociati'd with him in pra' tici uikKt the
■ rni nanif of Doctors Nichols. Their liclovcd
and rciin'ctcd [larciits iioth rcsiiU' in I'ortlaml.
Tiicir fathiM-. now in thi' seventy-tirst year of Ids
ao;i.. iia> lieeii foi' some time retired from actixc
nuMJical practice. His wife, in her sixty-sixth
year, tiie conijiainon of so many years, is still
spared to comt'ort his days, and hand in hand
are still joniiieyinir on tiie path of life toifethor,
l)lessc<l in the society of their sons, ,".nd that of
nnmeron> tried and true friends. We have but
to add, what is so evident as to almost dispense
with recital, that the Doctors Nichols are
worthy of all esteem, both as professional prac-
titioners and as men and citizens. Honorable,
I'dnoated and cnltnred, they wonld adorn .'iny
society, or benefit any commiinitv.

IPSKNDHKSON W. MUKPUY. one of Ore-

tgon's most famous pioneers of 1852, was
born in Warren connty, fUinois, February
3. 1835. He was of Irish ancestry, who early
settled in N'irginia. and (Grandfather William
]V[urphy was born in that State. He married
Is'ancy Ferguson and they had five sons and
three danc^litei'S. He was a fai-mer by profes-
sion and was a member of the Christian Church.
He moved to Kentucky arid fiom there to Illi-
nois, and died there in 1842. His son, John
E. Murphy, was born in Kentucky, in 1807,
and he was reared and educated in that State
ami there marrieil AHsS' Frankie W. Doui.dity.
a native of the same place. They had two chil-
dren in Kentucky. Susan Jane and William V.
They removeil to Illinois in 1830 and settled on
a farm in Warren connty and were pioneers in
that State and there they resided for twenty-two
years. In 1852 they crossed the jjlainsto Ore-
gon with a laro;e company of bis children, and
sons-in-law and other relatives. This was
known as the Murphy train. They had a very
safe ami >nceessful journey and arrived in the
AVillamette on the last day of August, 1852.
He took a donation claim near where Crowley
))ow i-, in Polk county. He had for many

years been a minister of the gospid and a prom-
inent member of the Christian Church He
brought his religion across the plains with him
and became active in the ministry in Oregon.
He was a |)reachei' of ability and talent and was
a |)owerful evangelist and held nniny meetings
throughout Oregon and in |)artsof Washingt(jn,
and his labors were greatly blessed and thou-
sands vvho heard him remember him with grat-
itude. He was also gieatly intere8te<l in educa-
tional affairs and was one of the first to suggest
the founding of the Christian College at Alon-
mouth, and to his efforts in its behalf it owes
much, as it is now the State Normal School,
and its influence for good is destined to go
down the ages. He was one of its Trustees
and financial agent and devoted a great deal of

] his time and energy to its establishment ami
upbuilding.

He |ireached in many new fields and organ-
ized man}' ('hristian churches in Oregon, and to
his energy and zeal the Christian Church of
Oregon owes much. His house was one of lib-
eral hospitality and welcomed the many who
came within its doors. He was greatly opposed
to any kind of 0|>pression and used his power
and influence to liberate the slave. His father
and uncle had inherited in Virginia a large

j number of negroes and notwithstanding that
they could have sold them for a large sum they
set them all at liberty, believing it to bo a
crime to own and deal in fellow-men. Wlien

I the great war catiie on he was a great pf)Wer in
defense of the I'nion. During his long life as

. a minister of the gospel he had made many
friends and there were sad hearts when his
death occurred and ho left to his children and

1 posterity the ri(di inheritance of a good, de-
voted Christian life of usefulness. He died in

'• 1870, in the sixty-ninth year of his life. His

( wife survived him until Uecembcr 30, 1891,

' when she died in the eighty-first year of her
age. She iiail been his faithful helpmate in all

i of his undertakings and had seconded all of his
efforts to do good. Their family consisted of
twelve childi'en, Elizabeth became the wife of
A. W. I.ucas (soe history in this work); H. W.
was the second son and is the subject of this

! sketch; James T. now resides in Salem; David
Newton died in his tenth yfiar, in Illinois; Pres-
ton H. is a resilient of Independence; Nancy A.
married (leorge iiowlaml and dieil in Polk
county in her nineteenth year; Mary A. became

, the wife of C Clirisman and resides at the Dal-

HISTORY OF ORROON.

lea; twin siBtc^rs wciv l)orii in <>rciii)ii, Emma
ami Kllii, \]\i- latter ilicMJ in lier tentli year and
Kinina became the witV of Scott McMnrry and
resides in Kuj/ene; lleiiderson W. was tlio
fourth ciiild and was seventeen years of ago
wlien the family crossed the jilains, and he
dro\ e the loose cattle and came on foot the most
of tiie way. After arrivinj^ in Orej^on he at-
tended school in the first little schoollionse in
Monmonth. When he hecame a man lieenj^aged
ill the stock hnsiness, bnyinj^ and driving to
eastern Oregon, ami was enifaifed in mining in
Idaho. He returned to Polk county in 18(12,
and on No\einber 18, he wa.s married to Miss
Kehecca I.. Davidson, a native of Indiana, born
in 1842. and the daughter of Air. Henry Ua\ id-
son. After marriage he |)urchased 4:(i4 acres
of land in Linn county and resided there ten
years. He then came to bis ])resiMit farm, five
miles south of Imlependence, where he has
l,5t)() acres of land, on which he has tine farm
buildings and all the appliances of a first-class
farm. His business is stock-raising and he
keeps large flocks of sheep, as many as l,(i(J(l
liead at a time. Mr. ami Mrs. Murphy have
liad seven children : Sarah is the wife of W .
L. Wells, the Sheriff of I'olk county, John D.
resides on a farm in Alarion county; ( )mer, Nel-
lie, Katie, Carrie and Chuid are at home.

Mr. and Mrs. Murphy are both members of
the ('bristian Church. In politics he is a Re-
publican, and they are both widely known and
much esteemed pioneers of Oregon.

M^KXJAMIN HEATER, an Oregon pioneer
9^ ()fls5l). and a well-to-do farmer of Yam
\^ Hill coiinty. is a native of Bra.xton county.
West Virgiida. born Eebrnary l(t, 1S21.

I'eter Heater, bis father, a soldier of the war
(.f lsl2, was born in I'ennsylvania, a descend-
ant of German ancestors, who settled in that
State at an early day. His nmther Elizabeth
(Wilson) Heater, was a native of Virginia, and
a daughter of (Jeorge Wilson, a Revolutionary
soldier. They had eleven children, of whom
only three are living, Henjamin being the fourth
born.

In 18158 the Heater family removed to Iowa,
where the subject of our sketdi resided twelve
years. While there he was married, Feliruary
JH, 1847, to Miss Mary J. Shuck, daughter of

Martin Shuck, a jiioncer of 1850. They bail two
children born to them in Iowa, Margaret Eliza-
beth and .Mary Jane. In 18r)(), with bis wife
and two daughters, he crossed the plains to ( >re-
gon, his brothers, Lorenzo I), and Solomon,
also being in the coni|)any. Mr. Shuck, Mrs.
Heater's father, took a donation claim where
Dundee is now located, and Mr. Heater located
his ()4() acres of land, where he has since made
his home, two miles and a half northeast of
Newberg. Here they built their little cabin,
and began life in Oregon with limited means,
their willing hands being their chief deiiendence.
Their bedstead, table and chairs were rude and
of tlieir own make, and the little firej)lace was
made of mud and sticks. They now have a
nice home and many of the coinforts and lu.x-
uries of life, yet they have never been happier
than in those pioneer days, and the reminiscen-
ces connected with them are often recalled with
pleasure. After coming to Oregon they had
ten more children, all of whom are living, ex-
cept two that died in infancy. Seven are mar-
ried and reside in Oregon and AVashington,
namely: Margaret Elizabeth, wife of Leander
Winter; Mary Jane, wife of David Judy;
Susan Matilda, wife of Robert Coutts; Charles
M.; ("atherine Lucinda, wife of Daniel B. Put.
man; James Albert, who is married, and lives
on the claim; and Martha, wife of Richard W^il-
son. The following are unmaci'ied, and reside
at home: Ro.xie Ellen, a school teacher, and
Earnest Lincoln and Ulysses Grant. Mr. and
Mrs. Heater have si.xteeii grandchildren. Roth
he and his wife are consistent members of the
Cliristian Church, and he has been a Deacon for
several yr.'^rs.

Mr. Heater ca^t his first presidential vote for
James K. Polk, but after the firing on Fort
Sumter he joined the Republican ranks, and has
since voted with that party. He and his good
wife are representative pioneers of Oregon, and
are now spending the evening of their active
and useful lives in the comfortable home, wdiich
tlieir courage and industry secured.

Jil'IvE McKERN, an Oregon pioneer of
vbrt 1850, and one of Yam Hill county's well-
it^ to-do farmers, was born in Orange county,
Indiana, June 11, 1827. The McKerns are of
Scotch descent. Orandfather Michael McKern

w^^

813

lu.sTonr OF uitixioN.

i Ml

was II sdldicf ill tlii' Kovoliitiimury army, (iiid
his son Liil\i', tlic ftitlit'i' of (iiir 8iil)|\'('f, a iiii-
tive (if N<iitii ('iiroliiiii, serveil in the war (if
18 1"^. Mr. McKi'rn"s mother. Miss Ilaiiimii
Thrash, was horn in Virjfinia. Ilor fatlier, Val-
otitiiie Tlirash. came to tiiis country from Seot-
hm'l previons to tlie Revolution, anil tooiv jiart
in tluit war.

Mr. Mcivern was next to the youngest in a
Cainily of eight ciiildren. of wlioni ho and iiis
sister. Mrs. McMurrcn, of Arizona, are tiie
only ones now living. lie was reared in Iowa,
to which State the family had moved when he
was a child. There the father improved a farm,
and resided on it until his death, in his seventy-
seventh yeai'. Tlie motlier died in Oregon, in
till' eiirhty-seventh yeav of her aj^o. Mr. Mc-
Kem was twenty-three when lie came across the
plains to Oregon. The first winter he was
enaatied in losai'iiT. earninir from Sfi to 820
per day, and in the spring he went overland to
California, and mined at Scott's har. He re-
mained in faiii'drnia eight months and was
fairly siiccessfid. returning to Oregon with
81.200. He then tooi< the donation claim, t)40
acres, where he now resides, a mile and a (]uar-
ter southeast of N'ewherg. Soon, however, he
returned to California, and wasengaged in pros-
pecting and trading there until ls02. He
packed to the Carihou mountains, a distance of
2.000 miles, making from ^25 to .*!H0 per day
while there, hut the going and coming took up
60 tnuch of the season that the liusiness did not
pay. lietnrning to his claim, he has since de-
voteil his time to agricultural pursuits. He now
has 400 acres, has huilt a large residence on it,
and is comfortahly situated.

Decern her y, ISoO, Mr. McKern married Miss
Melinda I'arrish. a native of Indiana and a
daughter of Jesse I'arrish. The I'arrish family
were menihers of the same comjiany in which
Mr. ^[cKern crossed the plains, and their mar-
riage occurred in La Kayette. Mrs. McKern
dieil in ls62. Her husband had left her in
usual health and gone on his trip to the Carihou
mountains, and it was six montlis hefore he re-
ceived any intellig(!iice of her death. Tiiis was
tiie saddest event of his life. They had seven
(diildrc!!, four of whom are living, namely:
.Jessie, at home; Hannah, wife of Chai les
Christy; Valentine, oti his father's farm; and
Edward, who is in Washington. Eliza'ieth lived
to lie eighteen, and the others died in infancy.
In IsTo Mr. Mclvern married Mrs. Mary A.

I'arrish, widow of Jacoh i'arrish, and a daughter
id' Samuel I'ai'rott. She had live children hy
her lirst hushand, and she and Mr. McJCeiii
have three. Her son Thomas lives at the old
I'arrish homestead, and lier daughter, Annie, is
the wife of Alliert Heater; the others, Alice-
William and S'.~'iel, heing with their mother.
The three youn .diildren are Itohcrt, Michael
and Lillie.

Mrs. Mclver.. li a memher of the Christian
(Jhurch. Politically Mr. Melvern is a Dem-
ocrat. He is a fair representative of the Ore-
gon ])ioneer, and hy all who know him is
regarded as a most worthy citizen.

If-MAM Til U KM AN, an aged and
respected Oregon pioneer of 1^")2, and
,„, a prominent farmer of Yam Hill county,
was born in Illinois, dune 7, 1883, of German
ancestry, who settled in America previous to
the Revolution. His father, Kdward Thurman,
was horn in Virginia in 1812, married Maria
I'nlTum, a native of Vermont, and they became
the parents of f()urtcen (diildren, of whom only
six are now living. They were early settlers
in the State of Illinois, on a farm; the father
died in the seventy-third year of his ag((, and
the mother snrvivi^d two years. They were
Methodists, and industrious, worthy people.

William Thurman, their second son, was
reared in Illinois, on the farm. When he was
nineteen years of age his brother-in-law, Alex-
ander Dyei'. was coming to (3regon, and the sub-
ject (if this sketch joined him. They ci'ossed
the ))lains with oxen. After reaching Fort
Laramie, Mi'. Thurman was taken sick with
that great dread of the emigrant, mountain
fever, and then all the way to the Dalles he was
prostrated with the |)lague, becoming very low.
When the fever left liim, however, he suffi-
ciently recovered soon afterward so that he rode
a pony from the Dalles to Oregon City.

After a!)ont two mouths in Oregon he had so
far recovered his strength as to go to the mines
in .laokson county, on Rogue river, but did not
meet with great success there, and a year after-
wai-d he returned to Yam Hill county to Mr.
Huffui'i's.

February 22, 1854, ht^ mariied Miss Mary
Dyer, who had come to Oregon with her sister
and brother- in-law, d. V. Combs.

ETnt ii ' \ » ,

nr STORY OF nnnnoy.

8in

abin.

Ml'. Tliurmaii took a cliiim nf 384 acres of
land, Imilt a log cabin ii|hiii if, and occiipieil the
j)lace. His ijcdstcaii wuh iiiailiMpf |Miit's fastonod
tngetlier with wondcii pins and to tln' walls.
III! had a littlu buddini^, a teakettle, a bake oven
iiTid a tVy !!'.;; pan, and with these Kiniplo utensils
tlicy began h(insekee|)ing, as true pioneers. Mr.
TInirnian h.-el his gun, and had frecjueiit opi
tiuiity to kill deer from the door of his cai
He raised cattle, sheep and ffrain, and pros-
pered as a farmer. At length he was able to
purchase more land, and now he has a line farm
of SOO acres. Has a good farm rc>i(lenee, whore
tlic.se true hearted pioneers are now (piietly
8|)cnding the evening of life; and their life has
indeed been full of exciting events, hard work
and many little losses and vexations. A son
and sonin-law are now working the fai'uis.

Mr. 'J'hurnian has had eight children, two of
them are dcceaseii and one i> feeble: Caroline
married Henry Walker and had four children,
and died in her twenty-soventli year; Hannah
married Frank Coulter and resides in Amity;
Joseph resides in eastern Oregon; i[aigaret
Isabel married George Alderman, i farmer;
William W. is managing one of the farms.

Mr. 'I'hurman has been a iie|)nbli('an ever
siiice the organization of the [)arty. During
the war he did all in bis power to sustain the
(iovernment. Mrs. Thurman is a member of
the Methodist Episcopal Church. They have
been uuirried thirty-eight year.s, during which
tinu^ she has been a most faithful wife and aid
in all tlij vicissitudes of pioneer life, and Mr.
Thurnnm has made a good record as an upright
citizen.

:=«lliKW)<>|

>*-t=-

fox. V. A. PATTERSON, of Independence,
l'(dk county, Oregon, came to the I'aciKc
coast in 1852, and by his own efforts has
not only gaineil wealth in this new country hut
also some distinction.

Francis Austine Patterson, the subject
of this sketcdi, was born in St. Clair county,
Hlinois, opposite to St. Lonis, October 1,
1835. lie is of Scotch ancestry, who settled
in North Carolina early in the lii-story of that
State. His father, Herbert Patterson, was born
in North Carolina in 1811. He became a
worthy Methodist minister and spent the latter
part of his life preaching. He married Miss

Jane McClintock. anutive of Kentucky, of Irish
ancestry an<l the daughter of Mr. .loseph Mc-
(Mintock, a well-to-do Illinois farmer. .Sir. and
Mrs. I'atterson had five childien. of whom three
only are living.

Our se'iject was the tlilid ciiild and was
reared and educated in Illinois until his seven-
teenth year, when ho left college t(j go to (!ali-
fornia, overland. Hi* father, mother, himself
and three of the other children made the trip
in about six months. After their arrival they
engaged in mining in El Doi'ado county, where
they remaineil together about si.\ months, meet-
ing with good success. F. A. was then led to
take an interest in a tunnel onter])rise, in wdiich
he sunk all he had made. Ho then went to
Contra Costa county, where ho farmed a year,
after which he oaine to Oregon, arriving at
l'ortlan<l in September, 1857. Mr. Patterson
came from Portland to (^oivallis, then to King's
V^alley, where he was engaged in farming, and
married, on the 3d of October, 1858, Miss
Caroline Tatum, a native of Missouri and a
daughter of Richard Tatum, an Oregon pioneer
of 1853. After his marriage he resided a year
in Washington county, near Hillsborough. He
then came to Polk county and settled on the
banks of the Rickreall river, on 100 acres of tho
John T. Davis ilonation land clain), where be
farmcMl for soventten years. He purchaseil an-
other farm near Independence of 320 acres of
the J. E. Davidson donation claim, and to this
latter ])laco he then came, and resides here at
the present time. Since coming near Indepen-
dence he has interested himself in city prop-
erty, and has platted two additions to the city,
the Patterson tii'st and second additions. Ho
helped organize fix- I'olk County Lan<l Cu-n-
pany, and was elected president. The company
owns the land between Independence and Mon-
mouth. They have a I'air Association and
seventy-one acres in fair gi-ounds, ami have a
fine race-track and hav, platted and improved a
fine park. He also became one of the founders
of the company that has built and is running
the motor road between Independence and Mon-
mouth, and thus they have shown their enter-
Crise and have already done much- toward the
uilding of Independence and Monmouth.
Mr. I'atterson is a Royal Arch Mason. He
was a Democrat before the war, but upon the
firing on Fort Sumter he change<l his mind,
and has been an ardent Republican ever since,
and has taken an active part in the ptlitics of

I ' '

iill

1 :Mr,i '■ \i;

lllSTOIiY UF OHEaON.

tlio ciMiiity. In ISSO he \vn8 olectud a Ki!])rc-
sentiitive to tlic I,oi^i!i|iitivi! Assoiiibly "f < •!•(>-
^'iiii mill iv-i'lectfil ill l.Ss2.M'iM'il all tliroiij^li that
ineiiiDralpit' M'Shioii, in wiiicli r-cvfiily-tlirt'c Iml-
ints wei'i^ car^t ill the sti'ii;;yh^ to t'ltct a lliiitrd
States Senator.

Mr. and Miv. I'atternoii iiavu iind nine sons
and two chiiit;hti'rs. ( >ne of the daiighterri died
in infaiu'v; all of the otiiers arc livini^ and are
a credit ti the conntfy of their iiirth. Three of
the ciiildrcn are at lioine: Narci>se, Allen and
Maud. Isaac 1.., the elde.»t ^on, i> a iiieichaiit
in Salein; Henry and Doc are in the drii^ Imsi-
iiess; (ieor^e is in Nevada; Frank i> in(Tilliaiii
county, fariniii).^ W. II. i> in Indep'iidence;
and !'. C. i> aUo in Indepenileiico in the con-
confectionery bnsiiie.-.-.

Mr. and Mrs. Patterson are still spared to
ei\cli other. Dame I''ortiine has kindly smiled
upon tliein in every way, and they have every
reason to be iiappy and tlmnkfid. May tliey
long be spared to enjoy this prosperity.

(T^ ■ 9

fl'DGH WILi-IAM M. KAMSEV. an Ore-
iron jiioneer of 1847, and a prominent
member of the bar of his State, is a native
of Iowa, where he was born December 25.
1840. His father, David Uainsey, was born in
Harrison county, Indiana, in 1815, and married
Miss Susan Shuck. They removed to Iowa in
1835, where tliey engai.;cd in fanning until
1847, wlien, with their Kvechildren, they crossed
the plains to Oregon, our subject, >vho was their
fifth child, being then less than one year old. Ar-
rived ill Oregon they located on a donation claim
in Vain Hill county, near Newberg. here he
built a log cabin, and began to cultivate the
land. He has since tnucli improved the place,
by erecting good buildings, and otherwise bet-
tered it, until it has become a very valuable
farm. He was a thrifty, industrious farmer
and business man. and besides his agricultural
interests, was engaged in tlour and sawinilling.
He was a consistent Democrat all of his life,
and enjoyed the respect of a large acquaintance.
He died, in -1891. on his farm, on which he had
resided for forty-four years, aged seventy-six
years. His faithful companion for so many
3'ears, who crossed the jilains with him, endured
uninurmuringly all hardships of frontier life,
still survives, beloved ftiid respected by all who
know her.

The subject of our .-ketidi was reared on bin
parent's farm in Vam Hill I'onnty, attending
the common -chools, and later, the llaptist
College, at McMiniiville. He id'terward studied
law at i,a Fayette, and when tweiity-oiu' years
of age was admitted to the bar. anil the following
year commenced the practice of his profession.
When but twenty-three years old he was elected
('ounty iliidge of the county in whiidi he had
been reared, certainly a glowing tribute to the
good character and excellent judginent of the
young lawyer. He served his term id' four
years in a most creditable inaiiner, and con-
tinued his practice until 187(5, at which time
he -emoved to Salem, where he made a specialty
of Suj)reme Court practice. In 1888, he re-
moved to i'endleton, Umatilla county, where ho
remained for three years, then came to McMinii-
ville, forming here the |iai'tneroliip of Ramsey
it Fenton. This tiriii does a large and lucra-
tive business, both members being well known
as experienced and talented men of great legal
ability.

The Judge was married in 187<t to Miss Ma-
liala A. Harris, a native of Vam Hill county,
who ilied in 1891. She was a daughter of Mr.
Reuben Harris, a well known and highly re-
spected Jiioneer. They had four children; Nel-
lie, Fred A., Horace M., and Mary H.

Judge Ramsey is a Democrat in politics, anil
has frequently been the (dioice of his party for
some of the best offices in their jiower to bo-
stow, every time riiiining far ahead of his
ticket, but was not able to overcome the largo
Republican majority in his district; but while
in Salem, which is a Republican city, he was
elected Mayor over a good man on the Republi-
can ticket. While residing at the last men-
tioned city, he was dean of the law department
of the Willamette University.

Of (jiiiet. unassuming habits, and a thouglit-
fiil turn of mind, combined with strict atten-
tion to business and conscientious care of his
clients' interests, he has built up a good prac-
tice, and acquired the good-will of hosts of
friends.

k^^^^^^-

■*" ■*'§^ ■§

fAMES K. DERBV -Among the well-to-ilo
farmers of Vam Ilill county, who came to
Oregon in 1852, we find the gentleman
whose name heads this sketch,

nisTitiiY iiF oRtcnny.

8t.t

Ilo WHS l)oiri ill N(>w Vork, Aiim; '^t;, lH:2(i,
tli(! son of .loliii uikI Kiiiiiiy (^^Kdwanls) Durliy,
lioth also iiativoH of New \w\i. Tliey broiijrfit
11)) to years of iiiaturity all but one of tlicii'
ten eliildi'cii. Only two of tlie family now
Biirvivc, AV^illiaiii ami Jaiiies li.

'I'lie siiliJL'ct t)f this sketch was reared to farm
work. January ~o, 1851, lie married Miss l.iicy
A. Oliln, It native of iN[iehii.;aii, and a daughter
of Abel Olds. Mai.'ii 25. 1852, they started
on the long journey to distant Oregon, and
found home here, in the then new territory.
Crossinir into Missouri, June 3, they arrived at
the Dalles during the last days of Oetobcr.
l''rom there they caino in open boats to Port-
land, arriving November 25. The men took
turns in walking on the banks, ;)nlliiig the
boats. Thus their journey had occupied eij^'ht
iiioiitlis. In the company in which they came
there was considerable mountain fever and a
number of deaths, but this family arrived in
safety.

During the succeodiiif;; fall (1853) Mr. Derby
located on 320 acres of land si.x miles north of
La Fayette. He built a little loj,' cabin, of the
]>ioneer kind, made iniproveinents and under-
went all the privations of the p' 3r. A few
years afterward he sold out and resided a year
in l.ia Fayette. Ho then bouglit 1(5(1 acres of
land seven niiics southwest of McMinnville,
later purchased an addition to it from the (iov-
ernmeiit, and iinj)roved a farm of 196 acres,
built upon it, etc., and , osided there eight years.
He then sold and purchased 2-10 acres of choice
farm land, where lie again built and made valu-
able improvements, where he still resides. The
l)lace now comprises 25(1 acres of choice land,
constituting one of the best farms and nicest
situations in the county. Mr. Derby has built
a cottage on bis projierty for a tenant, and has
it occupied by a trustworthy man who does the
farm work. Why is not this better than to
!eave the old home for city life? Mr. Derby
has real estate at Portland and McMinnville.

Mr. Derby has four children, namely: Eliza
Jane, who was born at the Dalles on the jour-
ney to Oregon; Joseph Garrison, who resides in
Idaho; Jerome A., a farmer residing near his
parents; William P., resident in Multnomah
county; May E., who married J. E. High, and
lives on the farm with lier parents; and James
D., at his paternal home.

The parents are worthy members of tlie
Methodist Church, joining in I860. In this

society he has held many lay olliei's. lie was

an important factor in the building of tli(«

eliurch edifice, and is one of the 'I'riistees.

liefoie the great civil war Mr. Derby was u

Whig. He then iiecaiiie a Uepiibliciiii, and u

strong ll'iion man, and he has ever since then

been a mainstay in his par^y. He is indeed a

reliable man in all the walks of life.

" Sweet is llie evpiilidt', Unit set of sun,

The i|iiiet ciinlent lliiil c>>nies li> plodding IdM,
Tlie coimrious diijnily oC work well done.

The Imckwaid jjliime iiloiiK the fniiowpd soil,
Wlilcli in its e-fen lid^'e.i tells wiml iiire
(•'erwttlclied the teiuii iind steered the striving sliiire,
Till Bvenllde."

PR. HoKACF W. LITTLKFIKI.D, one f.f
the most prominent physicians of Vam
Hill county, was born in (^iiiiicv. Illinois,
April 18. 1815.' His father, Dr. II. "lI. Little-
field, was born in the State of Maine in 1822.
and was for forty-live years a successt'iil physi-
cian of I'eardstown, Illinois. He was of Fng-
lish parents, who settled in .^Llssa(•bllsetts. He
married Miss Flizabeth Ashwood, a native of
Fnglaiul, and had five children, of whom three
fire still living.

The Doctor, who was the eldest child in the
above family, was roared in his native State,
principally in I'eardstown. After reading medi-
cine ])retty thoroughly under the instruction of
his father, be attended the Illinois State Col-
lege, but graduated at Uiish Medical College,
Chicago, in 1870. In fact, when only eighteen
years of age. be received a graduating certificate,
which entitled him toadiploma when ho arrived
at the age at which it coukl be given him.

Abont this time his love of his native coun-
try was excited, as the great civil war had burst
upon the land, and he enlisted as a private in
June, 1863. in Company <t. One Hundred and
Forty-fifth Illinois Infantry. In 1804 he was
appointed acting Assistant Surgeon, and in that
cai)acify rendered all the aid in his power to the
sick and wounded soldiers of the rnioii army
until the close of the war.

Some time afterward he received his diploma
from Iiiish Medical College, and i)racti('ed in
Tazewell county, Illinois, until 18611, when lie
came to Oregon, locating at La Fayette, which
has since been his headijnarters, and where lie
has met with excellent success in his practice.
In 1880 he was appointed surgoon-in-chief of

1 i

i.
'1

i
■i

, 1

Sl«

nisrouY OF oiiEdnx.

tlic i'nni*ti'U('tioii (li'jiiiitinciit (if till' On'^iiii
liuihvii} iV Niivij{iitii>ii I'liiiijmiiy, luicl in issl
W'lirt ii|>|)iiiiitt,>il Hiirgvoii iii'Cliit'f of tli(< uoii-
^l^llcfi<)n <lt>|mi'liiic'iit wontorii diviHion of tliu
N'lirtlLcrii I'iicili<r li.iilwiiy, itiul in tlnit ciiiiiicity
s(M'vi!il IidIIi liiiiioiiils tor Iilaliii, ()i'f;;i)ii itnil
WiiHhin^ton, mill liiul liiis|iitiils cdiirttrnettMl in
tliu tiultl jurtt ns ill tlic iinny. Tlic (•onstriU'tiiiii
wiib noinpU'toil in lSS:{. [in retirucl rroiii this
work iin<l tlio f<illii\viMg yoir invuHtcd in tlic
(ouiir irAlcno niiiii.'», wlicre lii- ruiimiiiLMl in the
sn|i('rvision of iiis inti-rdstw for tliroo yours. IIu
then iid'cptcil tlic position of 8iiri;con for tliu
Wiisliiiif^loii vt Miilio Kiiilwiiy, ri'iniiinin^' tlifi'i'in
for u yuiir anil a half, until tlio ('oni|ilL'tioii uf
tliu roftil. Nuxt 111! was surgeon for the Port I
limil iV i'ugut Sound Itoiid until tlio work of
construction cuasuil.

Aftt'r ruinainiiig «• year in Portland ho ru-
turnud to La Fiiyottc. in 18S'2 ho invested in
city |iroiiurty and huilt the tinest lieuso in the
city of La Kayette — a credit to the ivfineiiient
and tasta nf its owner.

The Doctor is a gentleman of great energy
and good jnilgnient, as well as n \ery pleasant
and social citizen, and thus he is first and last
and all the time engaged in every enterprise
and society work, which he thinks will aid his
city or county. Ho is active in the hluc lodge,
chapter and Kastern Star degree of I'Veeinasonry ;
was Master of his lodge three years. He is
also a inemhcr of the I. ( ). ( >. F., the A. < >. I'.
W. and the 1'.. P. O. of K.; of the latter is the
present Kxaltcd Ruler. At the close of his
term he wa? iirescnted with a heaiitiful gold
l)a<lge. He is also a memher of the Knights of
Maccabees, Portlanil Camp, No. 1, of the K. of
P. and of the(i. A. li.

He has invested in real estate, and lie has
some very valuable mining interests. He is a
siu'cessful practitioner, loves his profession and
is devoted to it. He is jiopular in the county
and in the Itejiublican party, of which lie has
;>ver be;'n a consistent member. In ISTt) he
was nominated for the State Legislature, but,
that being an" off year for the Republican
party, he was defeated. He was active in or-
ganizing the first medical society; was its first
president, and is now an esteemed member of
the State Medical Society. More personally,
lie has a merry twinkle in his eye, has a joke or
anecdote ap]iii>priato for every occitsion, enjoys
music (all of which characteristics evince a

high iiior.'il i|ii;ilityK and he is a wide-awake,
active and sigiuilly Hiiccessfiil man.

June 27, ISfl.*), is the date of his inarriago,
in Chicago, to .Miss Ann Kerwin, a native of
Ireland, reared in America. They had four
children: The eldest, Elizabeth, is now the
wife of Judge \V. I., i'.nulshaw of the |)alles;
Horace I., is a physician at .Newberg, < )regon,
and a graduate of the Missouri .Medical College;
K<hviii V^. is a graduate of tlit; Kvangelical Col.
lego at La l''ayette. and is now studying medi-
cine; and Harry is now at college.

Mrs. Littleti'cld died August tt, 18S0. She
was an amiable lady, a devout ('hristian, a du-
voted wife, a loving and intelligent motlier, was
\{:Yy devoted to her family and had many
friends, and her loss was therefore very deeply
felt. November 20, IS'.ll, the Doctor married
Miss Mary T. Price, of Oayton, AVashington,
and she now resides over the beautiful home.

fOllN THO.MI'SON, the etKcient Deputy
County Clerk of Vain Hill county, Oregon,
is a highly respected citizen of La Fayette,
and belongs to that class of people popularly
known as the Forty-niners.

Mr. Thompson was born in I'erth county,
Scotland, June 5, lS:il. His ])arent8 were farm-
ers and Presbyterians, and were good, substan-
tial people, .lohn was their only son, and there
were three daughters in the f.ainily. When he
reached his majority he crossed the Atlantic to
this country, and iti New York city accepted a
clerkship. He subseiiueiitly went to Alabama,
where he clerked two years. It was at this
time that news of the gold discovery in Califor-
nia spread over tlie country, and the tide of
emigration tliat swept towanl the Pacific coast
in 1849 took him with it. He made the voy-
age in the Crescent City to the Isthmus, and the
Pacific voyage he made in the Panama, landing
at San Francisco June 4. There they put up
a tent, in which they deposited their supplies,
and at once sought the mines. Three weeks
later they returned and found everything just
as they had left it. At first ^^r. Thompson was
successful in his mining operations. He was
unfortunate, however, in many of his enter-
prises an<l lost what money he made. ' )f a
restless disposition, he spent much time in
prospecting, visiting every mining section of
('alifornia. Then he went to great expense in

llfSTOJir Oh' OUKUdN.

Bit

ii^nin iicct'pttMl till' ^lmle position.

Ill tlie fttll of IS7H Mr. TlioinpNoii married

turning llii; HtrciiiiiH, liiit tlic lii^'li water iiitt-r
IVrt'il with liirt plalitt, ami iIk; project of iiiiiiili^
ill tiii8 way waK aliaiidoiieil. For a time lie liai
a stoek raiieli ill .Mcmlo(tino coiiiity.

In IHuS when the l-'rawer river excitement
broke out Mr. 'riioiiipson uaine to ( (regoii. On
tliiH mining exp^lition he made luitiiiM^'. 'I'heii
for a time Tie residud at Olyinpia, Washin;,'ton,
and in the spring of ixi)'^ landed in I'lirtland.
April '.•, that niiine year, he caiiu' to l)ayton and
wiiK employed lis manager ( f the farm of Mrs.
ArniBtrong, six miles soi thwest of Dayton.
ThiH position he held for seventeen years. He
spent two years in the mines of Idaho, ninl
in ISTO »vas hack i'l ('iilifornia again. Alter
the death of Mrs. Armstrong Jie came in 1^77
to La Fayette and was a])poiiited Deputy County
Clerk, which jiositioii he tilled for eleven eon-
seeutive years, hecoining thoroughly inforiiiecl
on all matters eoimectcd with the county. He
retired from the othce in 1^S8, and in ISll'i

lin accepted the ^ame poi

Ii. the fall of IS7H Mr.
Mrs. Klizalieth Fletcher, an Oregon pioneer of
1842. She is a daughter of Andrew Smith and
a native of New York. Her six sons and two
daughters are tettled in Oregon ami occupying
useful and honorahio positiuns in life. Mr.
Fletcner left an estate which consisted of l,;i(MI
acres of land. Mrs. Thompson lias a life in-
terest in 2it2 acres, and the rest has been divided
r.inong the cliildren. In 1S8() Mr. Thompson

fiirchased a Mock, with a nice residence on it, in
la Fayette, and here he and his wife have since
resided.

His political attiliations are with tiie Denio-
"ratic party. ■»

|LEXA\!)ER iv. :^IAKK, a widely known
and highly esteemed Oregon |)ioneer of
1847, and one of the most prosperous farm-
ers in the State, comes of a family who. from
the time of the grandparents, were horn in the
State of Kentucky: it ishelievcd that they wero
of Irish descent, whose ancestors settled in the
colonies at an early day. Grandfather Samuel
Mark was one of Kentucky's earliest settlers,
while his son, .lohn .Mark, father of the subject
of our sketch, was born anil reared and afte. r)>r(l
married there, to Miss Fanny Forester, also a na-
tive of the State. They had six chiitlren, five
of whom survive.

The subject of our sketidi was born in Iveli-
tiicky, December '.iU, lS2-, and resided in his
native State, until liis sixteenth year, lie then
reinove(l to MisMinri, where he remiiiiied until
he altained the agt,' of twenty live years, when,
following the example n{ other ad\eiituroim
spirits, lie crossed the plains to (>regon. Mak-
ing the long joiiriuy with oxen, he arrived in
Oregon ('ity on October llj. lS47. Ho at once
took a donation claim ot'lt'211 acres, hitnated thir-
teen miles siiiith of the latter city, in Clacka-
mas county. < >ii this, he built aclieaj), frame,
house, anil for four years lived ami worked
alone.

At the end of this time, he manic I Miss Sarah
Jordan, an estimable lady, and also a native of
Kentucky. She came to Oregon in IS."))!, when
he became aci|uainteil with her. and married her
in .lamiary, lH."i4.

He (continued to reside on his farm, where he
had lived since 184S, until 1871), doing all the
hard Work and eiicliiriug the hardships incident
to |iioneer life, but by hardy industry, surmount-
ed all obstacles, and became one of the most suc-
cossfiii farmers of his county.

He an.l his wife had three children, two
daughters and one son; Merinda, the eldest, is
now the wife of Uicliard (Joldwell, and resides
in Dayton, Washington; Martha .lane, is the
wife of Zona Chapman, residing in Washington;
while William, who is also iiiarrieii, resides in
California and attends a Methodist K|)iscopal
Theological scdiool. The devoted wife and mo-
ther, died in 1859, but six years after her mar-
riage, leaving many friends, to mourn her loss.
She was a woman of superior intelligence, and a
charming character, and was esteemed by all
who knew her. On December 27, 1871. Mr.
Mark marrieil Mrs. Mary 8. F. Sparks, the widow
of Nathan .Mitchell Sparks, and daughter of Dr.
Hill, of Albany, who came to Oregon in 1858.

She had five children by her first marriage:
Emily Lenore, now the wife of William M.
Gregory, resides in Portland; Martha II., died,
pged three years: ElijaiiH. resides in I'rineville;
Margaret Ellen, is the wife of J. K. Hill, of Port-
land; Nathaii H., is the youngest.

Mr. and Mrs. Marl; have three children: Ad-
die Mablo (iJ., Jewell Flster. and John Coleman.

In 1888 Mr. Mark removed to McMinnville,
to secure for his children, the benefit of a supe-
rior education at the college in that city, lie
purchased property in a desirable locality, and
built a pleasant home, which was afterward con-

nisTonv Oh' (liiEaox.

suiikhI I)v fii'e. IIu liiio liowtivor, ro|)liu;e(l it with
even ii butter structure, wliieli is siij/gesii^'e of
comfort anil taste, and wliicli is snrroiuulciJ by
attractive grouiuis. One of the chililron have
graduated from the Academic department of
the college, while the other two are still pnrsu-
inji; their studies, in that institution.

He has owned and sold different [iroperty,
)ut retains iiis donation claim, on wliiidi there
i.s now a good district school, for which he gave
the site.

Originally a DeiTiocr.at, at tiie time of the war,
he became a strong I'nion man. and has since af-
liliated with the Kepublican party. He is much
interested in the cause of temperance, having al-
ways abhorred the li(]\ior traffic.

iNfr. Mark has been a Methodist for fifty years,
and has often been a Steward of the C'linreh.

His life would be a good e\iim]ile for any
yo'iiig man. to follow. Sober and industrious,
persevering always in the direction wliicli his
l)etter judgment dictated, he has, by his own ef-
forts, carved out a competency from the new
l)tit intrinsically great ctnnmonwealth of Ore-
gon, and no one of her citizens, of wiiom she
boasts the proudest on the face of the earth, can
e.\cel him in all goodness and worth.

fK. .I.V^IKS ROWL.VNi:) SlTKS. the pio-
neer piivfician of Dallas, lias been a resi-
dent of Oregon since 18o(). His longand
su<'<-essfnl priifessional career here has gained
for him a wide aeipiaintance throughout I'olk
county, and it is titling that more than a pass-
ing mention should lie uuide of him on tiie
pages of this work. .\ review of his life is
herewith presenled:

Dr. , Fames Itowland Sites was liorn in Lan
caster. ( )iuo. December Vi, IS'25. and is of ( Jer-
nian extraction. His grandfather Sites, eettleil
in Virginia a1 an eai'lv day. and his son. ( ieorge
D. Sites, the Doctor's faliier. was born, reared
and mari'ied there, his tnai'riage occurring alioiit
1815. .Mtcr their marriage they moved to
Lancaster. ( )hio. They hail three sons: Will-
'am it., who died l>s;!(i. aged fifteen years;
(ieorge !).. and James K. Tiic mother died
when James It. was a mere cliilil. In 183"J the
family emigrated to .Missouri. The fathei' re-
turned to ()hio in 1840 to settle up some busi-
ness, and wiiile there his death occurred in
March, 18-1:1. He was n man in every way

worthy of the res'iect and esteem in whidi ho
was held iiy all who knew him. He was largely
interested in slock falsing; at one time was
colonel of a militia company, ami had served as
Sheriff' of Fairfield county.

Dr. Sites was a youth of fifteen when the
family moved to ^[issonri. In 1840 he was
a volunteer in the .\nierican .Vrmy for the
Mexican wai', and served through the l)(uii|ihan
expedition. His company was disidiarged June
lij. 1847, in New ( )i'leans, and he returned home.
He then begati the study of medicine at Fort
Wayne. Indiana, iindei' the instruction of Dr.
1>. S. Wood worth. Hi 1853 he crossed the
plains to California, and mined at French Town
and !)iainond Sju-ings. meeting with only irod-
erate success. .\t Kureka. howevei-. he was
afterward more fortunate. From there he came
to Salem. Oregon, in 185(). He ran the .Marion
Hotel two years, after which he was assistant
physician for nine itionths at the (irande Ronde
Indian agency. In 1858 he entered info a part-
nership with Di. J. W. Boyle, Dr. lioyle living
in the country and Dr. Sites in Dallas. Here
his ability as a skillful physician was soon ivc-
ognized; he gained the cinfideiice and esteem of
the people, and for years condncled a success-
ful practice. He retiii'ned Hast, took a coui'se
of medica' lectures at the Western Reserve
Medical College, Cleveland. Ohio, and gi'aduated
in 1870. In 1874 declining health induced him
to seek a change of climate, and he went to Crook
county. Oregon, and engaged in the sheep
business, a;id idso practiced his profession to
some extent. Returning to Dallas, he took up
his old practice, and again failing healtli cimi-
pelled liiin to go back to eastern Oregon, in
1382. There he practiced until 1889, when he
returned to Dallas and retired from the active
duties of his professional life.

In 18()0 Dr. Sites |uiichased seventeen and a
half acres of land in Dallas. On this he has
had sevei'al residences built, and in one of them
he and his family now r(^side. Dui'ing the
years of his residence in this city he has always
been ready to help in every laudable public en-
terprise. IIo is a stockholder in the new wool-
en mill now being luiilt heie. He is a membei-
of the Masonic fiaternity and of the ancient I.
(>.(). F., and in politics is a Democrat. He
was twice elected and served as Coronei' of I'olk
county, and was elected to the same office in
Crook county. In 1800 he was elected Treas-
urer of i'olk county.

ItlSTOnr OF OliEGON.

81fl

Dr. Sites was iiiiinied iit yalciii in .Iiimiary
1859. tn Miss Angolina N. May. u native of
Missouri, ami a liaiigliter of K. M. May, who
locRtcil ill California as early as 184-8. ami in
1852 came to ()rep;.ii. Mr. May iMed in I'olk
foiinty in 1^70. while aervinir his fourth term
as (jdnnty Treasurer. Dr. and Mrs. Sites have
iiad live children, two sons an<l three daughters,
nanielv: <ieorjre I)., a native of Salem; Rich-
ard .M.. a liright and jiromising young man, died
at the age of twenty-one; Kosa, wife of . I. W.
Howard, resides in Crook county; Angelina,
wifeof (\)1. F. Smith, also lives in Crook coun-
ty; and Charlotte Jane, married to I'rofessor
(ieorge A. Stanley. oC Tacoma, Washington.
The Doctor and his family are among the most
estimahle people in Dallas. He ami his wife
and two of the daughters arc memriers of the
(Christian ('liurcli.

^^Mi^

ffDCiK .lAMKS L.COLLINS, an Oregon
pioneer of 18-1(5, and a resident of Dallas.
I'olk county, is a man of mai'ked i)usiness
anility and 8U])erior literary attainments, and is
ranked with the prominent land lawyers of this
State. I nder adverse end uis;'ouraging circuni'
stances he has worked his way on and >ij) in life,
unaided, has risen to his present position. Fol-
lowing is a hrief resume of his life:

iludge (Collins is a descendant of Knglish
ancestors who emigrated to Virginia during
the reign of King (ieorge 11, and were actively
identitied with the early history of the Old Do-
minion and took part in the Revolutionary war.
His mother's peojile traced their ancestors hack
to the Wyatts of Iviglaud and the Caini)l)ells of
Scotland, prominent and iiitluential families.
His great-grandfather, Wlliam Collins, and his
grandfather, (ieorge Collins, were natives of
Virginia and soldiers in the war of 1813. His
father. Smith Collins, was horn in Orange
county, Virginia, December 2o, 1804, and emi-
grated to AVarren county, Missouri, in ISUT.
where he was married to Kiiza I'lmily Wyatt. a
native of Montgomery county. Kentucky, in
ls2y. Tliey resided in Missouri until 1841).
That y.ar they came to Oregon, .\fter a long
and tixlious journey, fraught with many dan-
gers incident to travel across the jilains at that
time, they reached theii' destination and settled
in the beautiful Willamette valley. Mr. Col-

lins took a claim of ()4() acres located on the
south line of Polk county, and there he lived
and prospered. ac(|uiring other lands and vahi-
able ])roperty. He also letained his jiroperty in
Missouri. He was generous and public-spirited
and did his part toward developing the vicinity
in which '■" resided. Religiously, he was a
a Methodist. His death occurred in I8t)2, ami
his wife's two years later. Mrs. Collins, like
her husband, was a ty|)ical pioneer. .\ kind-
heaited. Christian wonuin. she was ever rea<ly
to relieve the sick and needy.

Their eldest son. J. ii. CoUiiis. the subject of
this sketch, was born in Warren county, ^fis-
souri. .May 9. 18i38, and was thirteen yeais of
age when he arrived in Oregon, late in the fall
of 1840. Their com|)any was the first that
crossed the plains with o\ teams by the way of
Klamath lakes and aci'oss the Siskiyou. I'nipcpia
and Calijiooya mountains into the Willamette
valley; and young Collins often drove tlie fore-
most team that broke clown the thick sage brush
njion the trackless waste. He left the place of
his birth .\pril 20. 184(1. and after snti'ering
nnuiy hardships and privations arrived in I'olk
county. Oregon. March '), 1847. having spent
the winter in a cabin they found unoccupied,
one that had been built by Kugene Skinner,
near where I'lugeue City has since sprung U|).
The winter was a severe one. Harrison- Turn-
edge remained with him. and out of compassion
they took into camp an old sailor. Samuel Ruth,
who was badly cri|)pled. Mr. Turnedge was sick
a greatt'r portion of the time, and it devolved
upon Mr. Collins, then a mere boy, to shoulder
his gun and wade through the ice and water in
the sloughs and streams, often waist deep, in
order to reach good hunting-ground on the
other shore, and secure game in snrficient
([uantities to meet the necessities of himself and
his unfortunate companions.

In the spring of Ixil his father settled in
the southern part of I'olk county, lie worked
hard every day. helinng to build and improve
their rude but not comfortable home. Reing
too poor to procure lamp oil or caudles, he pur-
suetl his studies at night by the pitcii-wood
light in the fireplace. After a few years, when
the family could get along without his assist-
ance, he was permitted to attend the institute
at Salem, where, by working hard at whatever
his hands could find to do mornings, evenings
and Safnrdajs, he made his w.ay through a few
terms of that school, then under the manage-

SJO

insTORr OF nuEaoy.

ineiitof I'rciF. F. S. Ihiyt and liis excellent wilo.
Wliile iit Salem he read law t'oi- a time under
tlie instructions of Hon. I*. F. Darding and
Hon. li. F. Grover.

In 185i5 Mr. Collins went to Californiii, where
he made and lost a considerahle fortune in min-
ing. Heturiiinc home in 1855, the Leijislature
being in si^ssion at Clorvallis, he was enqduyed
by Hon. Alonzo JA'land to re|)ort the [iroceed-
ings for the Democratic Standard, th(!n pub-
lished at i'ortiand.

During tiio session the capital was removed
to Salem, and a few days before the adjourn-
ment Captain 15. F. IJureh organized (,'ompany
li. of the recruiting battalion, First Regiment of
Oregon Mounted V^olunteers, for service in the
Yakima Indian war. Mr. (Jollins at once en-
listed, and after the adjournment of the Assem-
bly he joined the troops in the Held on the
Cohnnbia river just above the Dalles, being
with Colonel Thomas K. (^oriielius throughout
his famous "horse-meat" campaign. These
leave volunteers pursued the Indians dm-ing
March and a part of .\pril, often being reduced
to the extremity of subsisting on the horses they
captured from the enemy. He was in several
lively skirmishes, and in the battle of the Sini-
coe. where the gallant Captain lleuihree fell, he
took a prominent part, by his courage and timely
.■iction winning the respect of his ofK^'ers and
the confidence and esteem of his comrades in
arms. On returning from the war Mr. ('oUins
engaged in teaching in Folk county, at the same
time diligently jMirsuing his own studies. In
Xovember. 1859, he was admitted to the t)ar
an<l bei,'an the practice of law.

Mr. Collins was married September 27, 18til.
to Miss Afary Whiteaker, a native of De Kalb
county, Illinoi-, and a daughter of lienjamin
Whiteaker, an honored Oregon pioneer, of 1847.
After nearly three years of happy married life.
Mrs. Collins was '■ illed to her last home, leaving
a little daughter, HUen. This daughter is a
popular anil successful teacher, and is now in the
normal school at Oswego, New York. .Nfrs
Cullins was a beautiful woman and as pure as
she was lovely. In 1^(17 he nuirried Miss Mary
Iv Kimes, a mitiveof De Kalb county, Missouri,
daughter of Lewis Kay and Nancy (Hncking-
ham) Kimes. Slu^ was four years old at the
time they started from Missouri to this State.
While attem])ting to cross the Missouri river
her father was di'owned. The mother came on
to (,)regon with her two little girls and after her

arrival here she gave birth to another child, a
son. This son, Lewis U. Kimes, is now a resi-
dent of Folk county. Mr. and Mrs. Collins
have had ten children, viz.; Hay Smith, who
died in his eleventh year; lOdgar liayton, who is
now studying law in the office of his father;
Mary and Ivhielle, at home; Hen David, who
died at the age of seven years; and Ora, b'rank
Wyatt, Louise, .lames Dean, and an infant
daughter, all at home.
, Politically, iMr. Collins was formerly a
j Democrat. At the beginning of the liebellion
j he abandoned that [larty, and was a meiTiber of
! the convention at Kugene City, and aided in or-
ganizing the llepiiblican party for its first ef-
•"jctive campaign in Oregon. In the autumn of
ImU he was elected Chief (Herkot the Uouseof
j Uejiresentatives, which otHce he also filled dur-
i ing the special session of 18(55. In 18()!) he
was appointed Judge of Folk county by (Jov-
ernor lieorge !.,. Woods, to till a vacancy caused
by the ajipointment of Judge W. C. Whitsou to
the liencli in Idaho. .Indifo (Jollins filled this
otHce with such distinguished ability," fairness
and justice that not a murmur of disapprobation
was ever heard against him, even from his po-
litical opponents. He has held the ofHce of
I (Commissioner of the United States Circuit
Court, for nearly twenty years.

From the beginning of his legal jiractice his
career has been marked with success. He is
still eiigageil in his profession at Dallas, having
a large and lucrative practice and enjoying the
contidence and esteem of all who know him.
He and his wife and five of the children are
members of the Methodist (.hnrcli.

Folitically, .ludge Collins is opposed to
•'free trade ami slave labor"; and believe.i in
such a system of protective duties as will en-
courage American manufactures, furnish profit-
able employment for poor laborei's, iind build up
a home nuirket for the benefit of small farmers.
He is a Uepublican.

ITSAAC C. UOniSON, an esteen-ed Oregon
Ij pioneer of 1850, and successful retired
^ farmer, residing in Amity, was born in
Jackson county. Ohio. A|)ril 11, 1827. His
great-grandfather. Joseph liobison, emigrated
from L'eiand to America iti 178(1, and settled
in I'ennsylvanitt. He was a prominent Scotch-

lllSTOkY OF ORFMOif.

Irish I'fesbyteriiiii, iiiul his Bon, Joseph, wlio
was born in the Keystone State, was a distin-
j;uisiied soUlier of tlio war of 1812. .lolm
liohi^oii, Joseph's son, was also born in Penn-
sylvania, '.lit accompanied his parents to Gallia
county, Ohio, at the early aifo of three years.
He was there reared, and in 1822, at Greenfield,
that State, he married Susan Millegan, also a na-
tive of the Keystone State, but who had likewise
removed with her parents to Ohio, wliei: she
was a child. In 18;i7 they removed with tirjir
family to what was known as the Black Hawk
purchn.se, which later, i)ecanie a part of Iowa.
From there, tiiey crossed the plains to Oregon,
the family at that time consisting of the parents
and live children. Tiiey settled in Jackson
county in 18.j;5, where, in 1872, the father died
greatly lamented by all who knew him. Ih
was a man of the very highest integrity o'
character, whose word was as good as his bond.
He possessed superior judicial ability, and
served for a number of years as Justice of the
Peace, discharginir his duties in that ca])aoity
ii; an impartial and honorable manner. His
faithful wife survived him until 1889, when she
expired at the atre of eighty-three years, in the
midst of her f'aTuily and friends, to whom she
had endeared herself by the practice of all
Christian virtues, and the charm of a naturally
loving heart.

The subject of our sketch is one of eleven
children, three of whom are now living in Ore-
fi;on, Isaac C. in Yam Hill county, and two in
Jackson county. His early life was spent in a
new |)ortion of Iowa, where he had very limited
educational opportunities, and was obliged to
work hard on a farm, so that it may be truth-
fully said that he is self-educated.

In 1850, when twenty-three years of age, he
in company with one brother went overland
from Iowa to the mines in California, making
the long journey with horses. He mined for
some time in Sonora, Tuohimne county, in
company with I)r Mansfield and others. They
were (|uite successful, and Mr. Kobison rotnrned
to the Kast in December, 1851, taking back
with him, of his own money, about $2,000.

He was there married to Miss Mary Jane
Daugherty, a native of Pennsylvania, an estim-
able lady, and a daughter of Mr. Richurd
Daugherty, of Irish ancestry.

Two weeks after their marriage they started
on their return trip to Oregon. This was in
1852, at a time when the cholera was epidemic,

but they fortunately escaped its ravages, and
made with oxen the trip overlund, arriving in
Portland on October If?, thence coming direct
to Yam Hill county, where they settled on a
donation claim, located i; mile and a half west
of the present site of Amity.

They built a cal)iii and commenced at the
foot of prosperity. Mr. Kobison arrived on
the place with three yoke of o.xen, a wagon,
their bed and the few utensils, wliich they had
used on the plains, with a few dollars in money.
The first year he planted only a few potatoes
and a little corn. After this he got fairly started,
and raised large crops of wheat and oats, his
land yielding as high as forty-five bushels of
wheat and seventy bushels of oats to an acre.
Five years of continued prosjierity enabled him,
in 1858, to build a good home, which still
stands on the property, besides making other
needed and valuable improvements, lie also
engaged in stock-raising, in which he was very
successful, and which proved to be very re-
munerative.

His means thus continued to accumulate,
until in 1877, he purchased 200 acres of choice
agricultural land adjoining Amity. On this he
erected a larger and handsomer residence, with
commodious barns for his grain and stock and
other liiodern improvements for the facilitation
of agricultural ])ur8uit8. Here he is now en-
joying life, surrounde<l with all the comforts
that he has deservedly secured by unbounded
enterprise and niunterrupted industry, com-
bined with intellisent manaitement and strict
attention to every detail of his business, which
is the great secret of his phenomenal success.
His faithful wife, who has been the partner of
his joys and sorrows for forty years, is still by
his side to sympathize with and cheer him.
They have had no reason to regret having cast
their anchor in the great commonwealth of Ore-
gon, whose marvelous growth they have
watched with uiuibnted interest for their forty
years of residence, since they first came slowly
up the valley with their oxen and emigrant
wagon, and located on a donation claim in tlieso
Western wilds.

They have had seven children, five now living,
all devoted native sons and daughters of Oregon:
Flora, the eldest, is the wife of Mr. Joseph
Putnam, a prosperous farmer and business man
of Amity; Ellen is the wife of Mr. Theodore
Jeffrey, and resides in Polk county; her hus-
band is also a successful farmer and business

in.^Tonr of oriRaox.

Il s»

iiiaii; Nfarflia i^ the wifo of (iii-s Ititclicy. iiml
reriidea on a tliriii in Miiltiunnali eouiity; Milan
is a snccossful stuuk- raiser in Wasliitigton; and
Francis is a thriving farmer near Amity, rim-
niiiff his fatlier's farms liesid((s nianaj^ing one
of his own.

In politics, Mr. Uoliison is a Uepnblican, and
(iiirinf tlie war was a stron"; Union man. lie
and devoted wife are worthy members of tlu-
Christian Chiiroh, to tlie snpportof which th'jy
contribute liberally of their iTieansand ititlnei.ce.

Tims is e-xeinplitied what intelligent and jier-
sistent effort can accom])lish, when applied to
the rich soil and unbounded resources of Ore-
gon, than which no greater State exists in the
Union, who, on her broad bosom feeds abun-
dantly her millions of noble sons and daughters.

#•

fV. WALKKR, ajirominent horticulturist
of Sprinii' Valley, is one of Oreaon's
I r^ J J o

o honored pioneers of 1845, Mr. Clay-
burn C", Walker, our subject, was born among
the inonntains of western Virginia, March 1.
1819, (For history of his ancestry sec biogra-
phy of his brother, Waitei' ^[. Walker, in this
i)ook.) Oiir subject was two years old when
the fainiiy removetl to Missouri, and he was
reared to manhood on his father's farm. In
184:5. in company with his brother, Wellingtcni
I!., and bis cousin. A, J. Doke. he crossed the
plains to Oregon. They started from the old
home April 'JO, and arrived at Vancouver No-
vember 1, They had a pleasant journey, con-
sidering the wild state of the c>iuutry and the
savages on 'heir route. There was some sick-
ness and several deaths in the company, ))ut the
little party in which we are interested came
through in safety. Mr. Walker came directly
to his presetit location, in S|)ring Viillcy, eight
miles northwest of Salem. Here he took up
040 acres of laud that was chosen with special
reference to stock-raising. He also took care to
choose such land as was well watered. The
brother and cousin took adj(jining claims, and
all three lived in a cabin on Mr. Walker's land.
It was allowable for any number holding ad-
joining olaims to live in one bouse on the land
of one. if the others made some improvements
on their land.

However pleasant the society of his friends
proved, Mr. Walker felt that his lu>me was not

coinjilete without the relining intluence of the
gentler sex, so, J uly 4, 1850, he married Miss
liOuisa I'nrvine, who was born in Illinois. Feb-
ruary 15, 18;U, daugliter of Jolin I'urvine, an
honored Oregon pioneer of 1848, and prominent
in the early history of tiu^ county. He* served
one term as County Sheriff, had a donation
claim in French I'rairie, in Marion county, wherc^
be died in 1852, three years after his wife, who
died in 1849. Mr. and Mrs. Walker had very
little of this world's goods to begin life on, but
they lived here in tliis little cabin in (juiet sim-
plicity, and these were the hapjiiest days of
their lives.

Mr. Walker's section of land was two miles
long and one half mile witle, at that tim(\ The
first settlers were allowed 1o take their land
as they liked. In 1853 Mr. Walker replaced
their little cabin with a more substantial liome,
but as the years went by he was not satisfied
with this, and in 1873 built a beautiful resi-
dence. Mr. Walker devoted bis attention in the
early days to stock-iaising, and was very suc-
<!essful, and in time added another quarter sec-
tion to his ranch. In later years he has turned
his attention to horticulture, and has found that
he can make a small portion of his land yield
more retni'ns from the cultivation of choice
fruit than by cultivating the whole of the ranch
ill grain or devoting it to stock-raising. He
gives special attention to prunes.

Ml'. Walker, his brother and cousin, are
pioneers of this beautiful valley; all have very
valuable farms, beautiful homes, and are wealthy
and esteemed farmers of this locality. They
are richly deserving of all their prosjierity.
as it was obtaineil by hard work and strict in-
tegrity.

Mr. and Mrs. Walker have ha<l no children of
their own. I)ut they have given a home to sev-
eral children, and in that way have benefited
those who had no home of their own. At one
time they had five children in the house at
once. They took an orphan nephew, Clharles
I'urvine, when only eight days old, and reared
him to manhood.

In 184U Mr. Walker caught the gold fever
and went to California, mined at Redding, on
Feather river, but he only renntined a short
time. Later in life he went to the mines iu
Idaho, and remained about a year.

He has always taken air interest in every-
thing tending to increase the prosperity of the
county. He was one of the stockholders of the

nt.HTonr of ojikoon.

••2:3

Wareliouse Company, and helped t)iiild tlic first
uteainboiit. He was a charter ineinher of the
Grange, and served a term as its Master. He
and liis wife are vahied menil)er8 of tlie Pres-
byterian Chnrcli, which they have aided in
huihlinfr. Tliey worship in a hnildinfr, the spire
of wliich can be seen a loiiif distance off. In
a(hlition to his other opinions Mr. Walker is
a stronir temperance man and he an<l his wife
are a credit to the State, of which they have
been in part fonnders. These ifood people are
very proud of Oregon, the State of their adop-
tion.

~<-^

fS=-

fACOr. WISKCAIlVKlt, a prominent re-
tired farmer and citizen of Mc.NFinnville, is
a native of Pennsylvania, where he was born
February 5, IH'-l'). He is of (iernian ancestry,
wIkj settled in lii.s native State previous to the
Revolution. His parents, .loseph and Rachel
(Hebbs) Wisecarver, were both natives of Penn-
sylvania. They had eight children, only two of
whom lire, now li\in<r, — a sf)n, Samuel, a farmer
in Iowa; and the subject of this sketch, who was
the younirest of the family.

Our subject was reared on a farm in his native
State, attendinir school durinj^ the winter
months, and started in life for himself with the
capital of intelligence, irood health and willing
hands. Argnino; on the principle that two heads
are better than one in the battle of life, he early
secured a helpmeet in the |)erson of Miss Jane
McCormack. a native of his own .State, to whom
he was married on March 15, 1845. She was
a daughter of Robert McCormack, and was of
Irish descent. They had eight children, five of
whom are living: John C, the oldest is a far-
mer in this county: liobert M. died in his
twenty-fourth year, and was a most estimable
young man, a graduate of the I'ortland busi-
ness College, and ])0S5essed of superior ability;
Rachel S. is wife of .Mr. J. J. Ilartman, a far-
mer of this county ; Amney Jane died in her
eleventh year: Joseph Francis is a graduate of
the business college, and is now engaged in
farming; Jacob Newton is also a farmer; Mar-
garet Ansovilla died aged four years; and Jas-
per C. died at thirteen years of age.

On coming to Oregon, Mr Wisecarver pur-
chased 400 acres of uncultivated land, on wliich
he erected buildings, devoting the land to the
raising of wheat, with incidentally some stock-

raising, hut wheat-raising has been his principal
business, in which he has been very successful.
I'rom time to time as op])ortuMity and means
afforded, he has invested in other land.-, ih^aling
somewhat in real estate, until lie now owns ',t(in
acres of the choicest farm lands.

In 18S0 he retired from his farm, ,iurcha>iMg
a comfortable home in Mc.Minnville, on the cor-
ner of Second ami I) streets, where, in the society
of the wife of his youth, he jtasses in |ieace his
later years, the reward of yeais of honest and
persistent toil. He has aided many of the best
enterpi'ises of the city and State, having con-
tributed liberally toward the support of the col-
lege, and been instrumental in securing the
railro.ad, besides aiding many minor matters of
benefit to the city and vicinity.

He is Democratic in |)r)litics, Init has never
aspired to office, altlioiigh he has rrei|uently
acted as Judge of election.

He and his faithful wife havi; lieeii for many
years woi'thy members of the Christian ( liurch.
of which they are still members.

Thus by industry and the blessings of provi-
dence, he has secured from the rich soil of < )re-
gon, a competency fill' hi> old age, and some to
spar* to "those poor ,-ouls that need it.'" which
latter e\|iression is typical of the man. and i-x-
j)lains the warm personal regard entertained for
Iiim by his fellow-citizens.

tAKRISON T. (HIAVES, a well-known
farmer of Vam Hill county, and auothei-
one of Oregon's honorable pioneers, wdio
crossed the plains to this coast as early as 1847,
was born in Warren county, Missouri, August
3, 1840. lie is a son of James 1'. Graves, and
a brother of T. .\. and Geor<£e W. Graves, men-
tion of whom is made elsewhere in this liook.

Harrison T. was seven years old at the time
the family came to Oregon, and from that date
up to the present, his life has been spent in the
vicinity of Sheridan, where he now lives. There
were few schools in Oregon then, and his educa-
tional advantages were, of course, limited.
When he was eighteen he left his father's farm,
and began life on his own account. One year
he farmed with his brother, T. X., and after that
rented land of C. B. Graves. In the fall of
18(55 he purchased 300 acres of land, at 555
per acre, paying S800 down and going in debt

i ( -i:.

; i .,., Tl

:! \i.

S-i4

itisfuny OF oiifidos.

for tlic i-et^t. lie afterwanl sold 80 acres, aifain
purflmsed, and is now tin; owner of iil5 acres,
located about a mile southeast of Sheridan. This
is n rich and fertile tract of lan<l, and has been
rendered more valuable by the iin|)rovenients
which his years of well-directed labor have put
nj)on it.

September 29, 1S78, ^[r. Graves married
Miss Euceba Chappin, a native of Vam llill
county. Her father, AVilliani Chappin, was an
early pioneer and a neighbor of the (i raves
family. They had three children, namely:
Mary, born July 18, 1871*; Ladrue, born .Ian-
nary 31, 1881, died January 2;{, 1884; and
Etlitl born .lanuary lo, 188;i. After six years
of happy married life, Mrs (J raves was called to
hei- last hoTue March 20, 1884. Jlers was a beau-
tiful character — a devoted wife, a loving moth-
er, ami a Christian woman.

Mr. <;raves is a man of strict integrity and
iiigh moral character and is a member of the
Christian Church. He aided in building their
house of worship at Sheridan. Politically, he
is a dyed-in-the-wool liepublican; has served the
public as Clerk of his school district since lS81.

sl^i?

^f®®t

[IDNEY liOOT. a well-known and higldy
esteemed citizen of the Chehalem valley,
and a prosperous farmer, dates ids first
arrival in Oregon in 1852. Of his life we pre-
sent the followinif brief sketch:

Sidney Koot was born in Trumbull county,
Ohio, October 23, 1828. The Hoots originated
in England, came to America j)revions to the
Revolution, and some members of the family
participated in that war. John Root, Sidney's
father, was a native of New York. He married
Miss Silvia Wilber, whose forefathers were
early settlers of Vermont. Mr. and .Mrs, Root
moved to Ohio, then to Iowa, and from there to
Illinois. In the last named State they had a
farm in Whiteside county, near ^Moriison. At
this writing four of their seven children are
living. Roth parents have passed away, the
father dying in Illinois, and the mother in Iowa,

Sidney sjjcnt Ids boyhood days working on
his fatherV farm in Illinois. And here he was
when news of the gold discovery in California
swept (jver the country. In 1850, at the age of
twenty-three, he set out for the new El Dorado
of the West, traveling with a train composed of

ten wagons. They made the journey in safety,
landed at Hangtown, ami he at once liegan to
dig for gold. He averaged about an ounce jier
day, and in one afternoon took ont $t'i0 worth.
He >pent much time in prospecting, looking for
richer diggings, and after about a year on this
coast he returned East, by way of Rananni,
taking with him !?1,00(). While at Panama ho
had the fever, and did not fully recover from it
until 1852, after he luid crossed the plains to
Oregon. On this second overland journey one
man, in the company with which our young
friend traveled, died of cholera, and they buried
him by the wayside.

On his arrival at I'ortland, Mr. Root at once
came n|i to Vam Hill county. He worked one
month for Mr. Welch, a little south of where
North Vam Hill now is, near Dr. Sittim's, and
from there he went to the Umpi|ua valley and
cooke<l during the winter. The following spring
he went to the mines at Althousc creek, where
he remained eight months, mining and making
good wages, after which he wintered about seven
miles west of Corvallis. The next May he
started on his [lony for the mines. This time
he spent about a year and a half mining in the
southwest part of the State atul on the Klamath
river, above Happy Camp. The largest |)iece
of gold he found was woi'th $115. He returned
to tlie Willamette valley with only about $700.
During these mining expeditions he was in
great danger of the Indians, as they were con-
stantly committing <lepredations. After spend-
ing a year in the valley, he again retnrne(l to
the mines. He subsequently purchased a claim
of lliO acres at Jo^ejihine City, and eng.aged in
stock-raising, butchering an<l fiirniing two years.
At the end of that time he sold out, returned to
Vain llill county, and he and his brother rented
the J. L. Ferguson place, hater he and his
bi'otliei' each purchased lliO acies of land where
he (Sidin-y 1 now resides. They bought this land
in the winter, and in the spring our subject had
another attack of tfold fever. He went to Idaho
City, mined about a month and a h.'df, and
having no success, and having sjient all he had
taken with him, returned to his ranch. Rut ho
was not yet ready to give up mining, and we
next tind him on his way to the John Day
mines, and again he met with ill success.

In the fall of 18(16 Mr. Root married Miss
IClizabeth Winters, a mitive of i'russia. She
came to the United States when three years of
age, and to Oregon in 1804. They have had

v:f^

i\i

HISTOnr OF ORBGON.

H2S

six cliililren, five sons ami u ilaiigliter, all born
ill Yam Ilill couTity. Tliu <laugliti*r, Anna Lii-
ciiuhi, (lied at the aj^c of ton months. The boys,
('harlos W., Ira Loi'enzo, <Iohn, Ernest and Al-
bert R., arc all at lioine.

Air. Hoot and bis wile and two of the sons
are members of the liaptist Chiircb. lie is a
stoekholder and an otlicer in the (irangc, and
helped to liuild their hall. In jiolitics be is a
Kepiiblican.

fr. ZIIMWALT came to Oregon in 1845,
and is one of I'olk county's most ro-
* spected pioneers. He was born in Mis-
souri, August 12, 1827. His father, Christo-
pher Znniwalt, was a native of Pennsylvania, of
German ancestry. He was a Methodist minis-
ter, and married a Miss Crow. They had nine
children, of whom our subject was the youngest.
They name(l hitn (Christopher I'eter, for his
and some otiier ancestors of the family. When
he was an infant his mother died, and when
only four years old he had the misfortune to
lose bis father, so his knowledge of his family
is but slight, lie was reared by Mr. Joseph
llu<j;art and was his cruardian. When Christo-
|)her was only fourteen years old be began to
work for 85 p>r month and his board. In 184o
Ids guardian came to Oregon, and, our subject,
.although only eighteen drove one of tlie teams,
and never missed a day. They had a prosper-
ous journey until they were induced to take the
Meek's cutotl' route. Here they met with
troulde and delay, their provisions gave out and
they wei'e h'ft in the nionntains without any-
thinir to cat. They siitfered very much and
ciiuic near losinjr their lives. The first winter
they spent near the ])re8ent site of Forest Grove,
but in the spring, in 1810, they went to a farm
near the present site of Cornwallis. Here Mr.
Zunnvalt made rails at oO cents per 1(10, took
orders on the store for jiayment. lived on wheat
and pease most of the time, and was barefoot
nearly the entire period of two years. He then
went to Yam Hill county, and worked for wages
until 18U), when he |)urchased land in Yam
Hill county, hut after two years came to I'olk
county and took till! acres of land adjoining
the land on which he now resides, and on which
he raised his family.

.Mr. Zumwalt is a local preacher of the United
JJrethren Cliurch. He has been a Republican

since the party was orifanized, and was a strong
and active Union man when the Government
was in danger. He has been a hardworking
man, but has prospered greatly, (Unserving his
success as it has been obtained by his own
efforts. He has followed general t'arming and
stock-raising, producing from 3,0(M) to i,()(M)
bushels of grain per annum, and for a number
of years has been introducing and breeding
thoroughbred Holstein cattle. He also raises
horses, sheep, goats and hogs. Ho is a lover of
Oregon and has done what he could, in bis([uiet
way to beautify the county of which he is one
of the pioneer founders.

Our subject was marrie<l August 3, 1849. to
Miss Irene Goodrich, born in Indianapolis,
March 17, 1831, danghtor of Carmy Goodrich,
who came to Oregon in the same year as our
subject and took a donatioTi claim in Dayton,
Yam Hill county, where the father resided un-
til the time of his death. He was a good, up-
right man. born in 1790, and died in 1860.
Mr. and Mrs. Zumwalt have had eleven chil-
dren, namely; John Thompson, died in his
twentieth year, lie was the only one not born
on the farm; Christiana, married Frank Sar-
gent; Henry O.. married and resides near his
parents; Mary Fallen, married Leuard Liver-
more and resides at Eugene City; Sarah, mar-
ried A. W. I'pdegraff, he died leaving his widow
with two children, she now resides with her
parents; (ilen O.. married and resides in I'olk
county; William Hruce resides in Oregon City;
(^uilford resides in I'olk county; Frank is mar-
ried and resides with his parents and his twin
sister; P'anny died in her si.vtb year, the young-
est child; Fred died in his sixth year, also. In
addition to these children they have eighteen
grandchildren and one great-grandchild. Both
Mr. and Mrs. Zumwalt was highly respected
and esteemeil as Oregon pioneers of 1845.

fOUN ELI AS MAGERS, an able member
of the bar in McMinnville, and a partner
in the well-known firm of McCain it Ma-
gers, is an Oregon pioneer of 1852. He is a
native of Ohio, where he was born, in Morgan
count}', September 25, 1847. His ancestors
were German, who were among the early set-
tlers of Virginia, where his father. Dr. W. B.
Magors, was born. His father married Miss

830

mSTQUY OF OliEGOX.

■!ji

■f'1 .■>.

-Miiiy •liiiic I'lHrkliiMot, iilso ilesceiuled I'rcjin a
Wfll-liiiciwii Aiiifrii'iiii t'liiiiily. a sister (if Cap-
tain .Iidin W. l)arl<iiiii'8t. now 'rruasiirer of
Morgan county, (>Ii!o. The family came to
Orej^on in 1S5'J. wiiere Mr. Maj^ers" t'atlier
iiracticcd nipiiicinc for tliirtv-eitrlit vcar^. Iieinir
a most talenled and successful jiractitioner, and
a most \vt)rtliy frentleinan, devoted to his pro-
fession, and of generous impidscs, and enjoyed
tlie respect and esteetn of all who knew him.
lie died in this State in 18t)0, much hinieiited iiy
tlie community and his friends.

'I'lie suliject iif our sketch was five years okl
when his parents removed to tin's LState, and was
educated in the public schools and at Willamette
University, lie afterward taught schciol for a
number of years, being for three years I'rofes-
stir of .Matlienuitics in the 13aptist College, at
Mc.Minin ille.

In 1877 he went East, where he entered the
law department of the State University of
Michigan, at Ann Arbor, where he graduated in
187U. While at ,\nn Arbor he was ))residentof
his law class for nine months, and was vice-
])re.siilent of the Red iiibbon Clul) of the Uni-
versity, with Hdward Olney as president.

After graduating, hei'etui'iied to Oregon. where
he formed u partnership with Hon. G. W. Law-
son, (if Salem. After practing there for a year
became to McMiimville, where he soon acquired
j)roniinence, both as a lawyer and citizen, llis
firm is the most widely known in that vicinity,
and enjoys a very large [^und lucrative pi'ac-
tice.

lie was niari'ied in 187!* to Miss I). E.
Sclirader, a native of Wisconsin ami a step-
daughter of the Hon. llenrv W'arren, an
Oregon pioneer. Thev have two children. Fleta
1.. and Veva I.

Mr. Magers owns considerable city and coun-
try real estate, and lias one of the handsomest
residences and most beautifid lawns in the city.
lie has probably a larger private library than
any oni' in this vicinity, comprising many rare
and valual)lo books.

He is an energetic and prominent Republican,
and as an eloquent and able expounder of his
party's doctrines, ho frequently acts in its cam-
jiaigns and councils, ami for several years has
i)eeii president of the Republican County Cen-
tral C(;nimittee of Irs county. In 1882 he re-
ceived the nomination of his party as Repre-
sentative to the State Legislature, making a
strong canvass, but the political parties in his

county being aboi't (equally divided, tho election
resulted in a tie. He is likewise prominently
engaged in advancing the welfare of all pul)lic
enterprises of his favorite city, taking particular
interest in the college, of which he has been
for years a trustee, and was at one time |)resi-
dent of that body, and has been for several
years, and is now, president of the E.xecutivo
Board of said college.

He is an eminent Mason, and holds the otlico
of High Priest of the chajiter. In 1S77 ho
was the rejiresentative i)f the (irand Lodge of
Good Templars of Oregon, at the Right Worthy
Grand Lodge of the World, at I'ortland, Maine,
and in the following year re|)resente<l the sanio
body at Minneapolis, Minnesota. lie is also an
honored member of the Pioneer Society of the
State.

He is a consistent member of the Missionary
l'>a|)tist Church, to the support of which he has
liberally contributed.

fEORGE DORSEV, an intelligent and pro-
gre.-sive farmer of Yam Hill county, and
a worthy Oregon |)ionecr of 1852, was
born in Pennsylvania, .lanuary 13, 1S3(). He is
of Scotch ancestry, and his par(<nt8 were David
and Rosanna (Weeant) Dorsey, both natives of
Pennsylvania. They had eleven children, nine
of whom grew to maturity, George being the'
eldest son. In 1830 they removed to Ohio,
stopjiing first in 'Wayne county, but soon after
settled on 120 acres of land in Hancock county,
near Fort Findlay. This country was then wild
aTid little settled, being the frontier of that day.
Here Mrs. Dorsey died, greatly lamented by all
who knew and appreciated her worth. Some-
time later Mr. Dorsey remarried, ami moved to
another farm, where lie resided until the time
of his death, which occurred in his eightieth
year. Ho was an industrious and honorable
man, (pialities which gained for him the respect
of all his fellow-men.

The subject of our sketch resided in Ohio
until he was twenty-three years of age when,
like many others of that day who heard the
glowing reports from the Golden AVest, ho
turned his eyes westward. He secured a po-
sition to drive an ox team for his board, and in
this way journeyed to Oregon. This was the
year in which cholera was epidemic, but he hap-

irrsToiii' OF oiiMoox.

y,'7

pily reiiiaincd free from the terrible plagiio.
riie joiiriiev acroBs the pliiiim coiiBiiineil more
tlmii t'lMir Mioiitlis, from Aliiy 11 to Se|iti'iiilier
'Zi. wliicli, aside from tlii' dread of cholera, was
de\()id of remarkable incident.

lie stopped at Uraiide iioiide valley, t(j lierd
cattle, where he remained during the winter.
This was nn extremely cold and stormy season,
and out of 300 ciittle only 110 lived.

In February he came to I'ortland, where he
worked by I he day. later securing employment on
a farm from Thomas Uenny, at ^50 per month.
He remained there (jne year, when he came to
Yam Hill county where, on October ItJ, ISol,
he commenced to work for General Palmer on
his farm, and eontinued to be so employed for
two years.

In l^Suli he married Miss Adalinc Vauj^hn, a
native of Indiana and a daughter of Mr. Mar-
tin Vaughn, an honored jiioneer of ISAO.

After his marriage Mr. Dorsey rented a farm,
which he continued to work until 1860, when
he went to the Frasor river with General Pal-
mer, for whom he worked for a year, ile then
in February, 1801, purchased 150 acres of new
land in the brusii, located two miles south of
Dayton, on which he built a small, cheap house
and began farming on his own account. Ho
was industri(ju8 and economical, and in time
was greatly prospered. From time to time, as
his means would permit, lie added to his
oriirinal fsirm, until lie now owns 350 acres of as
choice farming land as is to l)e found in the
country. He als(j built a substantial residence
and good barns for his stock and grain, besides
other improvements for the facilitating of
agricultural pursuits, and highly cultivated his
land.

Mr. and Mrs. Dorsey had eight children, five
of whom reached maturity, and are intelligent
and worthy native sons and daughters of Ore-
gon. David has a farm in Columbia county;
.loel owns a farm near Wheatland; A. B. resides
in Washington, where he is a County Snjierin-
tendeiit of Schools; the two daughters, Fanny
and Hattie, are at home with their parents.

Mr. Dorsey is in politics a Hepublicaii, and
has been honored by hi.s constituents by election
to the office of County Commissioner, which
j)08ition he filled ably and honestly.

Thus, by intelligent and industrious effort,
persistently applied to the productive soil of
< >regon, the impecunious young man of 1852
has developed into the prosperous and well-to-

do farmer of 1892, e.xeniplifying the result of
forty years of honest toil and economy. I'ros-
j)erity has not spoiled him, but he still renniins
the generous, whole-souled man as iVirmerly,
and enjoys the universal esteem of his fellow-
mcn.

V> • it. ct>i~ie;^ ■ '-»

KEEN N. liOWLAND, an Oregon pioneer
of lS-t4, and a prominent farmer of -North
Yam Hill, dates his birth in .Vorth Caro-
ina. May (i, 1827. He is a son of .leremiah
Rowland, also an early pioneer in this State, ex-
tended mention of whom will be found in the
history of Dr. L. L. Rowland in this volume.

Green L. Rowland was the seeon<l born in
iiis father's family. He spent his youth, be-
tween the age of six and seventeen, in Missouri,
and at that time crossed the plains with his
father and family to Oregon, lie renniined at
home on the ilonation claim until 1853. In
18i7 he located 320 acres of land adjoining his
father's. The following year he spent six
months in the Indian war. furnished his own
horse and outfit, and rendered valiant service in
helping to subdue the red men.

In 1853 Mr. Rowland was united in marriage
to Miss Sojihronia Fonts, a native of Indiana,
and a daughter of Mr. Larken Fonts, an Ore-
gon pioneer of 1852. A sketch of her father will
be found elsewhere in this work. They began
married life in a little log cabin which Mr. Row-
land built. A part of this cabin is still stand-
ing. Here he engaged in general farming,
cultivating wheat and oats, and raising horses,
cattle and sheep, and has been prospered in his
various undertakings. He inherited thirty acro-
from his father, has purchased other land, and
is now the owner of 374: acres of choice land.
In 1859 he built a good frame residence, in
which he and his family have since resided. lie
and his wife have had tive children, viz.: Mary,
who died when a year and a half olil; Eliza
Jane, wife of Jaines llarttield, resides near her
parents; Nancy .1., wife of Sherman Hatch, also
resides near the old home; Martha O., wife of
F. M. York, the present Assessor of Yam Hill
county, and .lames F., who lives on a part of
the home farm.

Air. and Mrs. Rowland are members of the
Christian Church at Carlton. He is a Deacon
of the Church, and has aided materially in the

838

niSTOHY i»F (iliKllON.

)iiiil(liiig of ttipir lioiiso of worship, lie lielpcd
to orjfaiiizt! tliu (irmifjc here, (iiul was Treasurer
of tlio society for a year. Since 18(50 he has
iitfiliateil with the Ucpuliiicaii party.

tSiicli is a l)ri('i' review of tiic lite of one of
Oreiron's pioneer.-, a man held in high esteem
liy ail who l<new him.

IEI-I)IN(i S. (iLANDoN, deceased, wlio
was a prosperous farmer of Yam Hill
*-;^ county, aiul a worthy citizen of North Yam
Hill, t Irej^on, was a native of Indiana, wlu^re he
was horn October 17, 181(5. IHs father, riaines
(ilandoii. was a native of North Carolina, and
of French descent, his ancestors having come to
America in its early colonial history. James
Glandon married MissSai'ah Alhertson, a native
of his own State, and of Welsh ancestry, her
pro;^enitors also havinir been early settlers of
America.

The subject of our sketch was the youngest of
five children. He was raised in Indiana on a
farm, when it was a new country, and educa-
tional advantages were few. He early found
it necessary to work and earn money, and may
thus be said to have ac(|uired his knowledife in
tiie hard school of experience. When a yoiiuff
man, he worked at cutting and splitting rails,
until he had accumulated i?ll)0, and entered
eighty acres of land, which by industry he cul-
tivated and on which he made valuable improve-
ments, afterward selling it for JJiliOO, which was
considereil at that time a very good price.

He then went to Morgan county, (jf the
same State, where he was afterward, in 1838,
married to Miss Amy Wilson, an estimable lady,
a native of (Jhio and a daughter of John and
Melissa Wilson, worthy and prosperous people.

After his marriage. Mr. (ilandon purchased
100 acres of choice cultivated farming land, in a
go(jd, settled part of the State, for which he
paid §1,000, his wife having money to pay what
he lacked. They moved on to this land and
farmed it for eight years and built a comfort-
able house on it, and by continued prosperity
was able to purchase 250 acres more adjoining
their original farm.

They had si.\ children, one of >vhom they
lost. They sold their land and were preparing
to move to Iowa, when the faithful wife and de-
voted mother mother died, leaving five children

to tliH care of her husband, the oldest of whom
was nine years of age, and the youngest tivo
months.

Thus, in 1840, he settled with his children
i;i Keokuk count y. Iowa, where he worked and
lived alone with the children for about a year,
when he married i'ernina Mriner, a native of
Indiana and a daughter of Mr. William Itriner.
Mr. Glandon entered 1,400 acres of land in
Iowa, on which ho and his family resided for
tivo years, when he sold the property for !? 10,000.

He then went to Sigourney, the county seat
of Keokuk county, Iowa, where, in conij)any
with some other gentlemen, he started a mer-
cantile establishment, and they did an c.\t(*nsive
and Incrativo business. They trusted a great
many peo|)le for various goails, and when the
panic of 1847 CHine thi^ peo])lo were unable to
pay; all the banks failed and his business went
down with the rest. He had ilie most money
in the business and it was all iLM|uired to settles
the afTairs of tho firm.

Thus forced to begin life anew, and witli a
determimition to rise again, he started with his
fadiily. to which three more children had been
addoil, for Oregon. They left Iowa April 13,
1864, with horses and mule teams and :irrive(l
in Salem on August 23 of the same year. They
made the journey in safety, unmolested by In-
dians or sickness, and on arriving at their desti-
nation rented asmall farm, beginning life again
at the foot of the ladder. Mr, Glamlon did not
raise much the first year.

The following year he moved to .North Yam
Hill in Yam Hill county, where he purchased
4()0 acres of land, giving down a span of mules
and a wagon, besides his note for !t(2,500. Then
with the assistance of his two little boys, Harris
and "William, he went to work, grubbed and
cleared the land and farmed it for five years,
paying $1,000 in interest before he had it paid
for. lie built large and comfortable barns for
his grain and stock, and made other valuable
improvements on his property, afterward selling
for $12,000, He again bought some land, 545
acres, paying S4,0(_I0 for it, and after nuiking
some improvements sold it for $5,000.

He and his family, to which two children had
been added in Oregon, then went to (California
on a pleasure trip. There he purchased a place
near Santa Kosa, which, in 1879, he sold and re-
turned with his family to Oregon. He settled
in Forest (Jrove, to afford his children an op-
portunity for securing a good education. Five.

lIlS'UUiY OF ouhooy.

Win

of tilt) cliildrun iitteiided tlie eollufro. Liitcr lie
rcinoviMl to Siiluiii, nliero tlin cliililrcii coiitiiiiied
their etiidics. He then niovi'd U) I'olk county,
where he piirelmsed iH) iieres, payiiij^ tor it
*17,00().

It was thei'(^ a torrilde triif^edy was enacted,
wliich Ims ever since saddened tiie parents' jives.
While iivini^ happily tiiere, tlnnr danglitcr ( 'lara,
who had married Oscar K'elty, a son of ii inglily
respcctalile farmer, with whom siio had lived
two years, retnrntxl with her little children to
her parents nnable to endure tlut abuse and
crntd treatment of her husband. One evening,
about Tiine o'clock, in the absence of Mr. (Wan-
don, her huBbaiid catne to the house and asked
to see her. She came into the room, seating
her children on the floor. He asked her if she
would live with him, and she scarcely had time
reply when he drew a revolver and siiot her,
and she fell dead on her children, the ball [jaas-
ing throuj;li her body and buryin<^ itself in the
piano! He escaped but was soon afterward ar-
rested and lod^red in jail ; but the neijj;hbors were
so exasjierated at his cowardly and mnnlerous
deed that they took liini out and lumped him
until he was dead. Mo pen can portray the suf-
fering of the bereaved parents; the shock was a
terrible one, from whiidi they never recovered.

They retired from the farm to North Yam
Hill taking with them the two little children of
their dani^hter. Most of .Mr. (tlandon's chil-
dren reside in the neigliborhooil. Jfis first
cliikl. Hlleu .lane, died when three years of age;
Sarah died when eighteen years old; John mar-
rieil, died after a year, leaving a widow and
u child, whom the parents brought with them
to Oregon, where the widow miirrieil Hczekiah
Bailey; Taylor dicil aft(M' the removal to ( )regon,
aged si.xteen years: Mary .Vnn married in Iowa
and came to Oregon, where she died aged
twenty-two years; the youngest daughter by his
first wife, Catharine Gosher, died in her thir-
tieth year. The children by his last wife are:
Harris, who resides in Seattle; William II.,
who died in 1875, aged twenty-two years; Perry
C. who died in 1885, aged thirty years; Emma,
wife of Norris I'erkins, residing in North Yam
Hill; Russell, who is in Portland; Amanda, the
wife of Asa McKorn, a prosperous inerchant of
North Yam Hill; Mathihla, wife of William
Newhouse; Seymour, living in Portland; Lizzie,
who resides with her parents; and Warren, now
at school at home.

Mr. (ilandon was a Demiici'at in politics,
although lie never took a proiiiinent part in j)ub-
lic alfairs, preferring to give his attention to
private matters.

He was a worthy member of the Methodist
Churcli, as also is his widow, to the siijiport of
which they have liberally coiitribiiteil. This
triilv good man passed away from earth Decem-
ber 1, l>i!)2, at tiis home in North Vam Hill,
leaving a devoted family and many friends to
iiiourn his loss.

Such is the life of an inilustrions and honor-
able man, who has twice arisen out of indigence
to wealth without assistance and without de-
frauding his fellow-men. I'pright in liisdeal-
iugs, cijiirteous in manner, and of a ki.idly dis-
position, he enjoyed the unbounded esteem of
all who know him.

— ^m^-m^-^^-

I^KV. OI'.Kl) DICKINSON, deceased, was
V^ the first pastor of the first Congregational
^4^ Church of Salem, and arrived in this city
ill 1853, on the Ttli day of March. He was
born at Amherst. Massachusetts, and his father,
Obed Diokiiison, was a native of the same?
State. The ancestors of the family emigrated
to America during colonial days. <)i)ed Dick-
inson, Sr., married Ex])erience Smith, of
Whateiy, Massachusetts, and to thciii were born
thirteen children, the Rev. Mr. Dickinson be-
ing the si.\tli in order of birth. The father was
an honest, industrious man a blacksmith by
trade. He late in life became a believer in
I'niversalisin. Obed Dickinson, Jr., removed
with his father's family to the Territory of
.Michigan in 183(), and settled on a farm near
(iilead, liranch county; after two years the fa-
ther died. Mr. Dickinson was thus left with
the care of the mother and younger children,
a duty he performed faithfully and with char-
acteristic cheer and courage. He remained on
the farm until he was twenty-five, when the
mother died; the younger children were then
taken in charge by relatives, and our worthy
subject was thus left free to carry out some of
his long-cherished plans; he went to Ontario,
Indiana, and there took a course in a prepara-
tory school; he then entered Marietta College,
Ohio, taking a four years' literary course; this
completed, he became a student in Andover
Theological Seminary, and at the end of three

UtSTOIiY (IF (tUKaON.

!l 1 ■.

'■' M^:\

:*■

fi-i

lilji

'. n. i

yciirH was (iriliiiiifd a Cuiij^rogiitiunnl iniiiigtLM'

HI il Ic| \V('t<t Clnircli iit AiiiloviT. Si'[)teiiili(<r

l.n ls.J2.

Ilu WBH iiiiiri'ied ti> Mion ('hiirlottu iliini-
|)liruy. a imtive of Victor, ( )nlai'ii' coiiiify. New
\tn-V.. iind Ntivemlior li{, IM.'g. llioy (tailed troiii
NfW Vdl'k I'ity iiri tlic Trade Wind, l)iiuiid I'm' liiu
I'acilic ciKist; tlK!y landed at I'tiitiand, < )ieg()M,
Mandi I, 1H5M. and eanie to Salem, wiieie .Mv.
Diekin-cili to(d< eliarife of a little eliuiidi, wliieli
liaii lieeri oi'jjani/.ed the .Inly previous, witli a
inendjei'Bhip of t'onr; his lirst sermon was du-
liverud in i\w BehoollioiiBu, anil for fourteen
years and one niontli lie t'aithriilly administured
to this liand of \vorslii|)ers; when his serviees
a> iiirstor euased, the ineinliershiii had inereasud
lo ninety six; the ])reM'iit eliureh edilice was
ereetecl and dediealt'd wilhoiil delit, August 28,
ISti!}.

This work c.Dnipletud, Mr. l)iekiiison pur-
elnised twonty-one acres of choice land, ono and
a i|nartcr ini!(»s from Salem, and gave his at-
tenliim to the culti\atiiin of ganlun seeds; later
e>iahli8liini; a large store in Salem, wdience he
ship|)ed seeds to all parts of the United States.
In the press of commereiiil life he iieviu' relin-
i|iiislied his work as a minister of the gospel.
and in 187t') ho united with the Reventli Day
Adventists, after which ho was pastor of that
society, which numliered thirty-six soidi-.

Mr. and Mrs. Dickinson liid toiir i Uildren,
three of whom died in childhood: i or.i Lairiira.
is tiie wife of A. \. Moores, and ,'e-!i!i o in Salem.

Mr. Dickinson had adhered lo liie pi-in('i])les
of the Itepiiblican party since its organization.
He was always a stanch supporter of law and
order, and arrayeil himself on the side of right,
regardless of results, and thus won the highest
esteem of all good citi/cens. He died Novem-
ber 27, 1S'J2, after a few hours' illness, leaving
a devoted family ami many friends to mourn
his loss.

.EUASTIAX BUUTSCHER, another one
of tlie honored pioneers of Oregon, a
prominent farmer and citizen of Yam
Hill county, was horn in Havaria, Germany,
Novemlier 27, 182(), the son of (-lerman parents.
Yoiitig Hrutsclier spent two year.'* in one of
the universities of his native countrv, find then
came to the rnited States, landing in New

York in Aiigu-I, IS17. He went to liiiliRim,

and from there, in IH|',I, ('ros^ed the plains to
Oregon, lie came to this State with a coni-
panyof (fovermiient Mounted Killemeii, he hav-
ing a jiosition in the ('ommis>ary Department.
The olijeet of the e\|)edition was to ehastiso
the (!ayuse Indians, and was eonducteil liy (Col-
onel l.oring. They crossed the (Cascades and
arrived safe' in (Iri'goii City, where Mr. l!riil-
>cher was discharged. He soon found employ-
ment here at A5 per day, working on a Miwmill
for .lames Moore, .\fter tlii> lie came to the
Chehaleiii valley in Yam Hill county and
worked in a sawmill all winter, receiving the
same wages.

In 1850 Mr. liriitscher took a donation claim,
the one on which he now resides, and about that
time was nnirrieil to Miss Mary Kverest, a na-
tive of Kent, Kngland. Her father, Richard
Kverest, also a native nf Kngland, came to Ore-
gon in lHf7. In the spring of 18.")l Mr.
I>ruts(dier went to ^'reka. California, where he
engaged in iiining and had fair success. l{e-
tiirning to his claim, he and his wife went to
housekeeping in a little log eal)in, S x 10 feet,
with puncheon tloois and a bedstead made of
fir iioles. fastened in the side of the house.
Their cooking utensils consisted of a skillet,
frying-pan, two iron pots and a teakettle, and
eo-t *18. He worked hard to clear his land,
and as the years rolled by prosperity attended
his efforts. In 1857 he built a sawmill, which
be operated thirteen years, at the same time
conducting his tanning operations. He paid
for his mill, built a large residence, and con-
tinued to develop his farm, and l)v his intelli-
gent industry was early recognized as one of the
most substantial men of the vicinity. He
passed safely through the panic and iliiU times of
185t? to '58. During the war he was elected
and served four years as County Commissioner,
and his efficient services helped to pilot ^'aiii
Hill county through those troublous days. In
1884 he was again elected (!ounty Commis-
sioner, and was re-elected three times, thus hav-
ing served ten years in that capacity. For
twenty years he served as Clerk of the School
Hoard in his district.

Mr. and Mrs. Brntscher have had eleven
children, nine daughters and two sons, of whom
two died in infancy. Those living are as fol-
lows: .Fane, Carrie, wife of Hamilton Hutch-
ings; Emma, wife of Jojin Kramien; Ida, wife
of F. E. Hadley; B<>rtie, wife of Henry H.

niHTOIlY (IF illtKdON.

881

Iliigoy; JiHiirH, (loorjje A., wlio in inarrii<d mid

rt^•»ill(•rt ill Iliiiiitiliu (!i)iiiity;Hinl SdlmHtiim Ai)rii-
liiitn.

Mr. itnitrtclior Iiuh Ijcen ii iiupiiUlicHii sinci!
tiie cirgnniziiliiiii of tli(? piirty, iiml iimier (irnnt'H
iiiiiiiiiiiMtnitioii lie wtib tliu lii'Ht I'ostiiiiiritcr uf
Newberg.

;ILI,IAM M. IlALSTON.a losidoiif of
Alliiiiiy and an Orci^nii pioni'tT of 1S47,
was liorii ill llix-k villi-, I'urko comity,
Indiana, in Marcii, 1824.

.k'rciiiiaii Ualbtoii, IiIh faflicr, was iiorn and
reared in Ohio. He went to Indiana when a
young man, and in 1H2'2 was nmrried in Wash-
ington eoiinty, to Miss Miir;;iu'et iMcKiiigiit.
After tiieir marriage they settled in li )ckville.
lie cngai^ed in fariniiiii and also in tradini;,
rniiniiij^ thithoats on the Waliash and Missis-
sippi rivers down to New < )rleaiis, wliere he sold
lioth the carijoes of produce and the ixiats. In
1837 tiiey removed to IJiirlingtoii, Iowa, where
Mr. Kalstoii condiicitMl a village store and car-
ried on farmini£ until the spring; of 1817. At
that time lie sold out and prepared to seek a
home ill the far West. He ixMifrht three wacr-
ons. with prairie onttit, and fifteen yoke of cat-
tle, and with his wife and six children started
on their overland journey to Oregon. They
left l'.iirlini,rton on the 1st of Marcli and crossed
the Missouri river at St. Joseph, Missouri, on
the 1st of April. A train was then organized,
consistiii}' of about fortv-tive wajfoiis and 150
people, Albert 1 )avidson, who had crossed the
plains ill 18 to. being elected captain. Arriving
at the Dalles, they were detained one week be
cause of Indian troubles; crossed the ("iiscade
mountains by the Harlow route; and entered
Oregon (Jity. September 10, 1847. Mr. Ilals-
ton settled on ()40 actres in Linn county, the
present site of Lebanon. In 1852 he laid out
and founded the town of Lebanon, and estab-
lished the first store in that place. He there
followed farming and mercantile life until .Vii-
giist 12, 1877, when he died, aged seventy-four
years.

William M. received his education in Indi-
ana and Iowa, and in 1847 crossed the plains
to Oregon with bis parents, driving an ox team
the entire distance. The next year he crossed
the Siskiyou mountains and at intervals passed
two years in the mining districts of California,

each trip being very successful. He was mar-
ried in Lebanon, in 185.'J, to Miss Laiii'h A.
I)enny, daughter of (Jhri.^tiHii Denny, a pioneer
of 1852. After their marriiigc they settled on
the donation claim, adjoliiiiig liis i'atli' r, he
having taken this claim on (irst coming to the
Territory. He was alsoemrageil with his father
in merchandising in Lebanon until about 181)0.
In 1890 ho |)lattcd an addition to Lebanon and
sold a nninber of town lots. In 1871 be rented
his farm, built a comfortable home in Albany,
and has since lived here, retired from active
life. He still owns two bnndreil acres of his
original claim and has 120 acres two miles from
Albany, both projierties being rented. Mr.
Ualston is a public-sj)irited man and is actively
interested ill various enterprises. He itssisterl
in organizing and piisheil to completion the W'il-
laiiiftte Valley & Cascade Miiiintaili Military
wagon road, was a stockholder in the Albany &
Santiam Canal, and is also a -tockliolder of the
Lelpanoii it Santiam Canal, lie has servtMl two
terms in the Columbia Council ri Albany. He
is one of the conservative and highly esteemed
citizens of the town, being widely known and
much respected. He is a Ivniglit 'Feinplar.

Mr. and ^Irs. Kalston have two chililren:
Loiiiier Owen, engaged in the stock business in
<a-tern Oregon: and .loseph, who is now at-
tending the .Vlbany ('ollcgiate lustitiite. They
lost three in early (diildhood.

jjWUDGE ALSTON C. ARCH HOLD, a prom-
jJl iiient citizen and business man of Ilills-
^ boro. and ex-.Judge of the county of Wash-
ington, Oregon, was born in Virginia, August
2;i, 1835. His father, Edward Arcdibold, was
born in (Ilarksburg, Vermont, in 1812. They
were of Irish ancestry and early settlers of Ver-
mont. Edward Archbold married Kachol
Nichland of Maryland and the daughter of Dr.
Job i Nichland, a native of Maryland and of
Scottish ancestry. There \vere born to them
seven children, of whom three are livinw. Mr.
Archbold, the subject of this sketch, was the
third child. He was raised in the town of
Woodsfield, Ohio, and received a common
school education. He studied law with his fa-
ther and Colonel Ilichardson, and was admitted
to the bar in 18t]0 and commenced his practice
then, and continued it until 1801 when the civil
war burst with all its fury upon the country.

Il»

I II

882

niSTOUY OF OREQON.

I ' . Mti

At liis coiiiitrv'f I'lill toi' viilmiteers to put
down the ri'liollioii. Ik: ciilistod in Company 1>,
Tweiity-tifth Ohio Voliiiitcur Itifaiitfy, and was
a])j)oiiitod Orderly Suri^cant. Tlicy were sunt to
(irat'toi), Vermont, tliencu to I'iicat mountains
and enijaged in ti)e battle of Gre(>nt)ricr, near
CluMit nioiintiiins. After the engagement he
was promoted to i^econd Lieutenant in Company
A. He later reeeived the ap|)ointment of Pro-
vost Marsiial fronHicneral Mullroy. and after
servinij; in that (;a[)aeity several months he was
made .Indge Advocate. While he was serving
in this eajiaeity he had some (Ktheulty with his
captain and resigned his position and returned
home, where he met Mr. James Steel now of
Portland, Oregon, and they together went to
Oregon. After remaining during the winter
in Salem, he wcmt to IJoise mines and engaj^ed
in mininji;, for three yeai-s mining with good
success. His first year there he made 820,()()().
He took out ^{) a day at times. Later he in-
vested in claims that diil not prove satisfactory
and he lost his money much more easily than
he had made it. After he had had enough of
the mines he returned to Portland and pur-
chased a stock of dry f,'ood8 and opened a suc-
cessful business that he carried on for seventeen
years. At Centerville and then at Hillshoro in
1866, he entered into partnership with lion.
W. S. Hare. After a year Mr. Hare was ap-
pointed Collector of Customs of .\8toria, and Mr.
Arehbold purchased his interest and continued
the business fourteen years. In the meantime
in 1866, he was elected Probate, Jtulge. and he
held that otKce four years. In 1885 he sold
his stock to Messrs. Weliring and l?<jscow. and
turned his attention to his farm of iU7 acres of
land located ei;,dit miles north of Ilillsboro.
He had piindiased this land in 1885 and is en-
gaged in raising fine C-lydesdale and I'crcheron
horses, lie had twenty-one brood mares and
produced some very tine species and now owns
a colt, twenty-three months old, that weighs
l,it'i8 ])ounds. Mr. .Andibold traded this farm
for another and a sawmill on the east fork of
Daisy (3rcek. whore he has continued his stock-
raising in connection with lumb(>ring. In 1890
he returned to Hillshoro and opened a lumbcu'
business iind in December ISUl purcbaKiid the
hardware business of Mr. J. C. Lampkin. He
i.- now conducting the store and the lumber
business. He has purchased property in Hills-
horo and built a residence wlu^re he resides with
liis family.

He was married in 186-1 to Miss Frances
Wilco.x, formerly of Oregon City, and the
tlaughter of Dr. llal|)h Wilcox, a pioneer of
1815. Mr. and Mrs. Arciibold have a family
of seven children: llalpli Edward died in his
twenty-third year; Molly is the wife of Mr.
John lieoyle. who is the editor of the St. Helen's
Mist; the other children are P2va, Jennie, May,
John O., Hugh, .Mston ()., and Bessie. In his
early life .ludge .\rchiiold was a Douglas Di-in-
ocrat, but when the war began he joined the
Union |)arty and voted for Mr. Lincoln and has
been a liepiiblican. but is now (|nite independ-
ent. He has prospered in bis lousiness and is
now the ownoi' of considerable reu' estate, both
in the county and at Astoria and Portland. He
takes an active part in the well-ijeing of his
town, county and State

^r^

m^m^^^--

IILTON ELI AS DILLEY.an eminently
resi)ected pioneer of 1853 of Oregon,
and the person after whom the enter-
prising town of Dilley is named, is a native of
Indiana, being born in Hancock county, May
15, 1836. His ancestors came from Scotland
and located in Virginia, where his father, Sam-
uel Dilley. was born, and who. after arriving tu
manhood, married Elizabeth Moice, of (icrman
ancestry, who were a I'emarkably hardy and
long-lived people, her father reaching the ex-
treme old age of 115 years. To the parents of
our subject were born seven children, all of
whom are living, Milton being the si.xtli in
order of birth. The father of our subject was
a farmer, and died when eighty-six years of age.
He was reared oi\ a farm in his mitive State,
and attended the winter schools of his vicinity,
until he reaidied the age of seventeen years,
when, uiuisually precocious and energetic for
one of his years, be turned his face toward the
setting Bun. and worked his way to Oregon by
dri.iiig an ox team across the almost intermin-
able prairies, walking nearly every step of the
way. Previous to coming West he drove stock
from Iniliana to Pliihidel|)hia, thus making an
almost uninterrupted journey liy foot from
ocean to ocean. ISeing a good marksman, l\j
made excellent use of his ritle in killing game
for the company on the trip overland, iucidentKl
to w.'iich he relates this circumstance, which
occurred on Liutfalo creek;

HraGg..t^ _*.

UlsroRY OF OHEOOS.

A few of tlio |iarty wont uri a l)ulTiilii liiiiit,
and Mr. Oilley wounded an animal, wliicli tliey
I'dllowed lor about six miles from the camp to
near the sand hills, and while some of the party
were skinning the animal and cnttin<j; it up in
shape to carry in, he and another yonnj;; man
went into the sand hills, where they saw in the
distance a wolf. His companion went around
the hill to head him off, in order that .Mr. Dil-
ley niiglit {,'et a shot at him. After proceedinjr
some distance in the hills, Mr. Dilley heard a
noise, and a shower of arrows tlcw past his
head. J.ookini); in the direction from which
they came, ho perceived a party of Indians
who were shooting at him. Without he-'itation
he fired at them, and thinks one Indian received
the contents of his ritie. lie then retreated as
fast as he could around the hill, to get back to
the inen, but when he had gone pai't way around
he discovered an Indian, who had run to head
him off. The Indian was, howver, goinfr in
the direction of Mr. Dilley 's companion, who
had heard the tiring, and discovering the In-
dians, was making a (piick retreat at a great
distance from there. The Indian had not dis-
cerned Mr. Dilley, l)ut saw the man in the dis-
tance who was making good his ;>scape, and
appeared to be greatly amazed at the way he
had gotten away. The Indian's head and
shoulders were above the bill, and Mr. Dilley
took a good aim, and down he went; whether he
dro])ped to hide or was brought down by his
unerring rifle, he did not wait to discover, but
retreated in the direction of the men and the
butf'alo. He saw no more 'ndians, and that
was the narrowest escape ot his life. For
several days and nights thereafter the
took e.xtra precaution against

lappily escaped witliout further

attack, but
[•station.
Finally Mr. I)illey arrived safely in Oregon on
iNoveml)er 12, 1853.

lie first went to Linn county, and as he was
under age, and conseiiuently could not take

aim, he w(

orked out lo

r a couple of years

18135 he went to the mines in California, work-
ing on IScott's river, Cherry creek, Deadwood
and Vreka Hats He remained in (Jalifornia
until August. 1857, being fairly successful,
realizing about $6,000. While v.orkiuir on
Scott's biiv t'or wages, he found a single nugget
which was valued at iftoOO. He loaned his
money fo parties who failed, thus losing it all.
A |)art of this time he was engaged in furnisli-
ing the (tovernmcnt, at I'ort Jones, with beef.

in which he was very snccessfid. Finally he
went from Califoi'nia to Jackson county, Ore-
gon, and from thei'e to ('rescent City, where he
took passage on a steamer for Portland. Thence
he came to Washington county, where he ar-
rived on August 8, 1857, working most of the
time from then until 1862 for Colonel Thomas
Cornelius.

lie was married on the last day of August,
18()2, to Miss Martha Pool, who was born in
Butler county, Ohio, in 184(5, and a daughter of
Mr. flohn [\)ol, a native of Kentucky, and who
married Miss Jane Walker, of Butler county^
Ohio. When his daughter was two years olil
he removed to Illinois, remaining there till
1858, when he decided to emigrate to Oregon.
Journeying across the plains, he arrived in the
WillaiUL-tte valley October 12, 1858, and located
on a claim four miles north of llillsboro. Here
he was elected to the otlice of Assessor of his
county, serving with marked ability. In 18(54
ho became a member of his youngest, son's
(8. W. Pool) family, residing in Ada county,
Idaho. Here ho busied himself with stock-
raising, making a specialty of tine horses, ami
remained at this place till his death, dying in
1888 aged over sixty-two years.

In 1804 Mr. Dilley removed with his wife to
Gale's creek, two and a half miles northwest of
Forest Grove, where he jjurchased 150 acres, to
which be has added from time to time, until ho
now owns 400 acres of the choicest farming
land in the comity, all of which is highly im-
proved with substantial buildings and all mod-
ern facilities for caring for agricultural products,
besides being under an excellent .tate of cidti-
vation. He also purchased a tract of 140 acres,
through which the I'aili'oad has been built, and
on which Mr. Dilley staited the town which the
railroad named Dilley. It is a fimi tract of
land, and some residence and business buildings
have already been erected, promising in time to
be a thriving center of trade.

Mr. Dilley has always followed agricultural
pursuits, but in 1883, in order to afi'ord his
children the opportunity of acquiring a higher
education at the Pacific University, he pur-
chased a home in Forest (irove. Here he still
resides, although still continuing his fanning,
besides which he is largely interested in stock-
raising, |)rincipally Holstcin and Shorthorn
cattle and a graile of Knglish Coach an<l Percli-
trou horses.

834

HISTORY OF OREGON.

I I

I f

Mr. and Mrs. Dilley linve liiul ten ('hildreii,
seven of whom are living, mid all of whom
wer(3 born in Washington county: Thomas A.
is at Tillamook; Allen Sherman is on the farm;
William Samni'l, James Lloyd, Lillie May,,rohn
Nelson and Ernest, are at hoine with their
parents.

Mr. Dilley has been a Republican since the
organization of the party, but at present favors
the principles of the I'eople's party. Of nnim-
])eachal)le probity and great kindliness of charac-
ter, he enjoys the esteem of his fellow-men.

I^ICIIAUl) i). MALONE came to Oregon
in 1843, in the first wagon emigration that
crossed the plains. He was born in Mis-
souri, on the 8tli of October, 183-i. His par
ents were liobert and Matilda (Arthur) Malone.
His mother died when he was nine months old,
and he had only reached his fifth year when his
father was killed by a kick from a horse, and
Mr. Malone was raised by his uncle William
Arthur, and with him crossed tiie plains. Their
Wiigons were floated down the Columbia river
on rafts made of logs. They crossed the Colum-
bia river at the mouth of Hood river, then
down the north side of the Columbia, to Van-
couver. At Vancouver they crossed theC'olum-
bia to the Oregon side, and thence to Oregon
City in safety. They found one little store
kept by tlie Hudson's Kay Company. From
Oregon City they went east si.\ miles and took
up (34C acres of choice prairie land, and then it
was that the uncle of our hero began pioneer
life and resided on his claim for twenty-four
years. They had a good deal of trouble with
the Indians, and oftei'.tinies they were in great
danger, still that did not deter them from pur-
suing the life that they had started out in so
bravely. In time they made the Indians uniler-
stand that they were not afraid of them. In
order to keep their foes friendly, the pioneers
would feecl one or two of theii' numlu'r, but
that kindly practice had to be stopjied, as so
many came to benctit by the kiiulness of the
white man that it was impossible to satisfy their
demands.

In I80O Mr. Malone married Miss Mary
E. Enston, a daughfiii' of Red ma Easton.
They came to Oregon in 1847. Mr. .Ma-
lone worked his uncle's t'ai'm for a number

I of years and his 'incle died in 18(5(5. Mr. Ma-
lone had ac([uired the trade of carpenter, and
worked at that business in Hillsboro. In 18(59
he settled in tint city and purchased lots and
built a home ii; which he has resided for twenty-
three yiiivB. He has followed tiio business of
contrictins; and buildinir ever >inoe, and has
l)eco ne one of Ilillsboio'c mo.' "i.liable and
most worthy citizens. Duiii ir h:. •' )ence in
the city he has superinttno tne ; ■: uiiig of
man/ of the best residenct then' as well as
nearly all the chureiies.

Three children have been born to lii.ii, two in
Clackamas county and one in Yam Hill county.
His son .\aron married Mary Constable and he
resides in IIillsi)oro. Malilon married M. E.
Baldra. Hoth of his daughters were born in
Oregon, and are worthy daughters of their most
worthy father. Mrs. Malone died in 1805. They
had only been married nine years. She was a
noble (Christian woman, and Mr. Malone felt
her loss most deeply, and has remained single
ever since. Ho has been a Baptist since 1857,
he has led a consistent Christian life, and !iks
been a devoted husband and father. He is now
a Deacon in his church, and is most regular i'
his atttendance on the services, aitling it in ev< y
way that he can. All who know Mr. M'' Tie
admire his upright life. He has seen th*^ du!-.
growth of the great State of Oregon, ano ak;, 5
great pleasure in its wonderful development.

fAVID PURSER, who is well known as a
prospciDiis fanner and ganlner of Heaver-
ton, Washington county. Oregon, was born
in Itedfordsliire, England, December 2(), 183!(.
His piiients, Thomas and Martha I'urser, were
'loth natives of that country and dcscendviits of
old English ancestry. They emigratiO i Illi-
nois with their family of three chi! •( , >he
suliject of this sketch being the oldcs't, •;:.!
after their settlement in America three . ,: er
children were borii to them. The father was a
brick manufacture'' and an honest and indns-
tr' >us mill, ,'r loi'i Ik' brought his family to
Oregon -eitled at H. nvertoii and engaged in
the me'-juntile 'uis! :.at.^. He afterward moved
to Hood riviM' where he died. His widow is
still living at that place. She is a member of
the Methodist Church, to which he also be-
longed.

iS^

HISTORY OP OUEGON.

88S

Daviil I'lirser was mily tun yeari* olil wlit'ii
liis parents came to America, and in Illinois he
spent his yoiitli and yonnir inunlidoii. When
tlie great civil war was iiiangnrated he enlisted
Angtiftt 15. 18()i, in (\impatiy K, Thirty sev-
enth Jllinois Volunteer Infantry, and for three
years and three months participated in all the
enifagements of his reuiment, iimong which
were the battles of Pea Itidjre, Perry Grove,
Vicksbiirg. and several others. At the expira-
tion ot his term of service he received an hon-
orable discharge and returned to his home in
Illinois, beino; completely broken in health from
exposure incurred while on duty. When lie
recovered lie engaged with his father in the
manufacture of brick, which he continue(l until
they came to Oregon. Upon his arrival in this
State, he purehafed four and three-fourths acres
of rich land and devoted it to the cultivation of
onions. At first it was in a measure an ex])eri-
nient. Ills intelligent industry was rewarded
with success, aiul as he saved money, he from
time to time added to his original ])nrehase until
he now has twenty-three acres, all devoted to
the production of onions and asparagus, and he
is now one of the leading men in his liiu' in this
section of the country. He has made the ac-
quaintance of Allen I'c Lewis, of Portland, large
and influential wholesale dealers, and through
them has his products shipped to all parts of
the coast.

Mr. Purser was married in La Fayette, In-
diana, to ^tiss Annie I'nge, amitive of England,
born at Tottoin, near London, in 1840. Their
commoilious home is one of the attractive places
of Heaverton. Mr. Purser is a member of the
Congregational Church. He is Master of tlie
(irange, is one of the stockholders in the hall,
and is President of the Hoard of Trustees. In
polities he is a Uepublican. Few men of Heaver-
ton are more richly deserving of success thoy
have achieved than is Mr. Purser.

^ELEN F. SPALDING.— To the man wlio

has been so fortunate as to have had a
good mother, wife, sister or daughter, the
name of womai- is especially dear; and pitiable,
indeed, is the man, having had any of these,
who would not rejoice at the success of woman
in whatever profession she may choose for her
life-work. Among the numy fair women and

brave men who have achieved success in the
enterprising city of P'>rtland, welind her whose
name heads this brief sketch — a lady noted for
her philanthrojiy and success as a teacher, and
also as a dealer and investor in real estate in the
city of her choice, Portland.

Miss Spalding was born in Chelmsford, Massa-
ehusftts, the daughter of Sherebiah Spalding.
Her great-grandfather, Zehulon Spalding, was
a captain in the Colonial army during the Rev-
olution. The American ancestor of thi^ family,
Edward Spahling, came from England to Hrain-
tree, Massachusetts, about 1()30. The ancestry,
indeed, is traci'al)le back to the seventh century,
in Flngland and Sciotland; and a town in Lin-
colnshire bears their name in the history of
England. Many of them were eTuinent in
literature and in the army. In the early his-
tory of the family it is believed that they were
Puritans, but Miss Spalding's parents werr
Pnitarians and Univt-rsalists. Her mother,
whose name before marriage was Lurena Shedd,
waf a native of (;arlisle, .Massachusetts; her
mother's father. Ebenezer Shedd, was a man of
education, and jirevious to his death he was en-
gaged in writing an arithmetic, which bears the
date 1797, and is very nicely executed; it is
now in the possession of Miss Spalding. Her
people had great ability and intluence, were
liberal and in advance on all the ([uestions of
thi' time. Sherebiah Spalding had nine chil-
<lren, four of whom are still living.

Miss Spalding was born on the old home-
stead that had been in the possession of the
family for generations, and in the first house
built in that town. She was educated in both
public and private scliools. a pupil of Horace
Maun, and graduated at Westl)rook Seminary,
at that tinie !i school of high standing. Later
she took a special course in literature and
jjsychology at Antioch College. Then she be-
gan her career as a teacher, being placed at the
hi'ad of the woman's department in Westbrook
Seminary, which position she filled for six
years. She next taught a year in the liigh
school at Fitchbui'g, Massachusetts, and was
then elected to the chair of English Literature
in I'tu'htel College, at .Vkron, ( )hio. She ac-
cepted this position upon the condition that she
woidd be allowed six months for a trip to the
I'acific coast. She made the journey, visiting
friends at I'ortland. and returned to the college.
.\fter a time her health failed, and as soon as
she was able t(i travel, she came again to her

Pi ' j

830

HISTORY OF OimwN.

'\ :i'a':i|

frit'tids in I'ortliiiid, mid for tliioe years Iter
place was reserved for her at Akron; hut when
slie considered her heahh. her friends dissuaded
her fi'oin return inir to collenc. Siie was very
fond of tni. 1. especially in New I'lnj^land ; was
excei'dingl) : ' '•' he scenery and tlielei^ends
of that ]iortioi' country, and was a j^reat

admirer of {{alj Udo Hnierson, having tlie

privilege of attemJi.iji many of his lectures, as
also those of many otlier literaiy men and
women of that part of the United States; and
lier opinions were larj^ely formed there.

Wlien siie recovered her iiealth she was elected
as a teacher of liti'rature in the I'ortland High
School, and she iield tiult position for fliirteen
year.s; and for si.\ years of this time l,e had
classes also in Civil Government, in which she
took great interest. She accomi)lished a <;reat
amount of i^ood work in ti'ainin<); the minds of
the youth of Portland, to whom for years
she was an accei)tal)le and helovcd tutor.

As a philantliro|)ist she was widely known;
has been twice a delegate to the National I'on-
ference of Charities and Corrections, and is now
an active member of the Committee for \'isit-
ing I'enal Institutions, and is also a meml)er of
the Hoard of Directors tor the i'oys' and (Jirls'
Aid Society. Siie had also taken a deej) inter-
est ill the care of the insane, inakino' many
visits to the insani' asylum of ( )reo;on for the
jiiirjKJse of learniiifi what could be <lone to
ameli(jiate tlie condition of the inmates. She
has wi'itten somi' valuable articles on social sci-
ence, the liiohcr e<lii(':ition of woman, and kin-
<li'e(| topics. llei' etforts in this <lirection have
shown liei' to be a woman of tine literaiy taste,
thorough culture and of liberal, advanced
thonirht.

In lfS82 she bei;an to tnrn her attention to
I'eal estate, as a side business, and >he has been
very successful in makiii<r investments, evincing
excelletil business ability, every one of her
business investments being protitable. She is
now the owner of >oiiie of the most ilesirable
city |)ropcrty. wiiich has advanced to grtMit
values since her purchase. She has recently
liiiilt a line business block on .Mder street for
stores, ft private hotel and Hats, in the plan^ and
fini>li of which slie has shown that at least one
womaii knows what is wanted to make a de-
sirable and commodious home. < >ii w portion
of this projiertv she had lived with her honored
and helovel mother. .Vfter her mother's death
bhe conceived the idea tiiat she would like to

build a (piarter block there, and it required
time and gjod financiering to obtain all the
projierty at reasonable rates; but she matnriMl
hei' pliins and accomplished her jiurpo^e. not
even communicating to her friends her business
secrets. She has so successfully dealt in real
estate that she has demonstrated that success
can be assured by making purchases on time.
It is a considerable task even to nnike money
out of money, but it requires a superior order
of talent to make money without capital.

Miss Spidding has lost none of her womanly
relinenieiit by I'Ugaging in business, she is ex-
ceeilingly (piiet and ladylike in her manner, is
a Worthy nieiiibi-r of the (Unitarian Church, and
devoutly thankful that her parents wore liberal
in their religious views, and that in her experi-
ence she has not been trammelled by the theo-
logical traditions that many of the present day
are struggling to outlive. .She enjoys the
esteem of many friends ami richly deserves the
prosperity wliicii she lias achieved.

7^:-m

S>'-s=-

fU. LAIIID N. WOO US, the oldest prac-
ticing physician in Dallas, OregoTi, was
born ill Pennsylvania. October 10, 18i35.
His ancestors were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians,
who came from the North of Ireland at an
early day and settled in Pennsylvania, (irand-
father William Woods, settled on a 2()()-acre
farm in Pennsylvania over 100 years ago, and
there his children were born and reared. Ilia
son .lohn, the Doctor's father, was born in
1S0() and spent his entire life on the home farm,
which is still in possession of tlu^ family.

l^ird N. was the first born in a family of
thirteen chihlren, eight of whom are still liv-
ing, lie grew up on the farm, attended the
common schools, and began the study of medi-
cine under the instruction of Dr. F. Doiuddson.
In the winter of 181)") "tHi. be tooii a course of
lectures. Then, after live or six years s|)ciit in
tlu! practice of his profession, Ik; entered the
Medical University at iSulfalo, New York, and
graduated in 1872. After his graduation he
located at Wheatland, i'ennsylvania, where lie
did a successful practice for seventeen years.
While there he was a member of the Medical
Association of Mercer county, of tlie State
Medical Society, and of the American Medical
Association.

\l li'

niHTOUY OP oitnaoN.

sst

In 1882 one of the Doctor's soiih eunie to
Oregon iiiid made siicli a favorable report of the
country and climate that the father was ind need
to sell out and come West, which he did the
followinjjyear, 1883. lie then pnrchased prop-
erty in Dallas, and has since been a residetit of
this city. He soon established, and now con-
dncts a lucrative practice.

In 18.")7 Ur. Woods married Miss Sarah .1.
Nelson, a native of his own State, and a daugh-
ter of Alexander Nelson, a descendant of one
of the old Pennsylvania families. They have
had si.K children, five of whom are livinj^:
Frank, Milo anil Irwin are all settled in Dallas;
the youngest son, John, is a railroad agent in
the State of "Washington; Miss Maggie resides
with her parents.

The Doctor is in politics a Republican. Botli
as a physician and citizen he is highly esteemed.

^^iK^^-|-t=l

><-J^

fKOllGE II. KILE IIS, an Oregon Pioneer
I of 1852, and one of the representative
iff*, farmers of Polk county, is of German
birth and ancestry. The family were Lutherans
and his father was a thrifty mechanic. Our
subject was born in 1824 and educated in his
initive land, where he learned the trade of
cabinet maker. In 1840, to avoid conscription
in the German army, he evaded the otticers and
came to the I'nited States, landing in Galveston,
Texas, where he soon after enlisted as a soldier
in the Mexican war. His course shows that he
did not lack for courage, but that he objected to
being forced into service. His enlistment into
the service of the United States was voluntary,
and that made all tiie ditference in the world.
lie continued to serve all through the war with
Mexico, was at the cajjtureof the City of Mex-
ico, and spent months in the city after its cap-
ture, lie served first under General Taylor, and
later under (General Scott. They retired to New
( )rleans and wc^re discharged. At this time the
dreaded yellow fever was causing many deaths.
In .New Orleans he suffered from its attack one
right, but recovered. From New Orleans he
went to St. Louis, where cholera was prevalent,
and there he was hired, at $0 per night to care
for the sick anil dying. After this, in 1852, he
crossed the plains, driving loose cattle for IIol-
laday it Warner. After the company had been
H month on the road, Mr. Eilers met with an ad-

venture. While watching' the horses that niirjit
the moon went under a cloud. Just then he
thought he saw a wolf making for the horscH,
He took careful aim and laid the animal low.
When the camp, aroused by the shot, came out.
it was found that the tether of the hi)r>e was
cut close to the stake, and that the " wolf " was
an Indian, who had covered himself with a
wolf's skin, and Iniil thus approached the horses,
hoping that the guard wasask'e|). At the north
Platte, Mr. Eilers had a narrow escajie from
being drowned. He attempted to find a ford to
cross the river, but they had only gone a short
distance, when the horses pitched into a deep hole
and the force of the fall threw Mr. Eilers out
of the saddle. When he and the horse cuine to
the surface, he succeeded in catchini; the horse's
tail. Fearing that the horse would kick him in
its struggles to reach land, he managed to catch
hold of the stirrup, and in this way managed to
cross the rapid stream. He then made his way
up the river until he found an old Indian raft,
with which he re-crossed the river to his friends
and thev all crossed together and continuc'l their
journey. They had about 150 head of cattle
with them and it was by diiving them for Hol-
laday ifc Warner that Mr. Eilers earned his
board across the great ])lain8. Part of the way
he had a horse to ride, and this made the job
much easier.

In November, 1852, he came to his donation
claim, three miles southeast of the present site
of McCoy. Here he built a little shanty and
resided on his claim for twelve years, then sold
and came to the Rickreall valley, and purchased
190 acres of land, but after five years, in 18()tt.
he went to Hitterroot valley, .Montana, and took
with him a drove of yearling cattle, which lie
kept for two years and then sold them for 860 a
head, making a great profit on the investment.
In 1871 he returned to the liickreall valley and
pnrchased 320 acres of land, on which he has
since resided, raising grain and stock. In 187(5
he added 200 acres to his other lands, and now
owns 526 acres of land. He has ])urchased
property in Salem and intend to retire to this
city and spend the evening of his life retired
from business cares.

During the war he was a I'nion ms^n. but
since 1874 he voted the Democratic ticket, until
1 became a member of the Alliance, but lately
ho has decided to be i[uite independent in poli-
tics. He has served his county for several
years, in a creditable manner as County Com-

nrsToiir o/' oiieoon.

inissioner. lie wiis Master of the (rranpe for
several years and is a meiiilier for nearly thirty
years of the Ohristian Clinreh, which he lias
aideil in huihlinif np. He had led an upright,
honest life and enjoys the respect and esteem of
all who know him.

He was iiiiirried in 1S54, to Sarah McRey-
iiohls, ii native of iMissonri, and a pioneer of
1852. The train siie was in followed the one
in which Mr. Eilders traveled, and they were
usually only one day hehind. Tiiis lady has
proven herself a good, true wife and Christian,
and she is a worthy pioneer woman of her
time.

fENJAMLN WlNSOlt has heeii a resident
of ( (regon since the year tliat sjie became
a State. He was horn in Salisbury. IJuck-
ingiiamshire, Enirland. April 2;i. 18:!2. His
parents were Willi. .n and Leath (liol)inson)
\Vinsor, both natives of Knghiud, and both de
scendimts of old Kiiglisii families. The father
was christened in the I'^stublisluMl Church, but
the mother was a Methodibt. Our subject's
mother was Afr. Winsor's second wife, and they
had ten children. Mr. AVinsor was a mechanic
by trade and was a worthy, jiood man.

Our sniiject was reared in Kngland until his
twentieth year, wiien he >et >ail for America, in
18."J2. an the good American sliip Masonic, lie
had received a limited edncation, but had a <jood
pair of hands, and uood farming experience as
an occupation which, with good judgment, hon-
esty of pui'po^e and industrious habits, have
gained for him suc'ccss. As he expected to be
a farmer hi- went West to Illinois, where he
worked at f.'irming for wages, for thieeand one-
half years, lleiiring of the gold diggings of
Calitorni:!. he went West in 18o(). and mined on
the middle Viiba, near Downievilje. whore he
remained seventeen months, and made 81,()0()
the first year, and then sunk it in the secotui
year. The largest nugget he found was worth
i::i~'(). He took out thirty-six ounces from one
crevice. This was his tirst and best find, as he
was unable to lind anything nearly as rich after-
ward. From the mines he went to San Jose,
and from there to Santa t'ru/, and from there
to Los Angeles, where he remained thirteen
months. He then went to Fort Yuma, and via
San Diego to San Francisco. lie then came to

Spring N'alley via Portland, and arrived June
21, 18."j9. He had been seven years in the new
world, had done a good deal of hard work and
knocking around, and had saved a few dollars.
In September lie worked his jiassage from Port
land up the river, on the boat which brought the
lumber to build Sjiring \' alley Presbyterian
Church. He first worked for Major Walker,
with whom he remained four months. He
then worked nine months for .Mr. Jesse D. Wall-
ing. He then purchased half of the Ii. F. Mo-
Lench donation claim, at 82. .'jd an acre, from 1!.
F. McLench. He then purchased lliO acres of
the John A. Swift donation claim, at 82. ."30 an
acre. Later he purchased the east 100 acres of
the C. C. Walker donation claim, atSlOanacre,
on which he now resides. He purchased other
tracts and now owns 900 acres of the rich land
of this fine county. It was purchased at a very
low figure, but has become greatly enhanced in
value. This property was obtained by hard, hon-
est work, and its owner is justly entitled to his
success, The fiirm is grain and stock producing
and Mr. Winsor has raist'd as many a> 5,000 Imsh-
els of grain in one year from his fields. He raises
good draft horses and Cotswold sheep. I)uring
his thirty-thi'ee'years residence in Oregon he has
wcu'ked hard, lUiide a goo<l record and is richly
deserving of his success.

He was married April 10, 1872. to Miss Mary
Caroline Allison, a native of Ontario, Canada.
Mr. and Mrs. Winsor have five children, as fol-
lows: John Allison, was run over anil killed
when seventeen years and six months old ; Km-
iiia C, William Thomas. Fraiik I'enjamin and
Sarah Ann. Mr. Winsor is itulependent in poli-
tics, although he inclines toward the Democratic
party. Ho has been Supervisor of Roads in his
vicinity, for a number if years, and interests
himself in such work. Mrs. Winsor is a con-
c-istent member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church.

fW. SHIVELY. Superintcndentof Schools
ofClatsop county, was born in St. Louis,
3 Missouri, February 28, 183i), a son of
John M. and Maitha (Meade) Shively. The
mother was a relative of the brave (Jeneral
Meailo, and her death icciirred in 1811. Tho
fatiier came to Oregon in 1843, where he was

niSl'ORr VP OREGON.

h;!9

among the pioiieui- settlers. In 1847 ho hroiight
tlie first United States mail to the coast, was
the lirst Collector of Cnstoins on the Pacific
coast, was the originator of the I'aeific Mail
Company in IS-ffJ. and was active in the bound-
ary between the Tnited States and British
(;o!\nnbia. He located in Clatsop county in
1H4-3, and. being a civil engineer, laid out the
town of Astoria. In ISi'J lie began mining in
(California, but later removed to the Fraser river.
Jle still resides in Astoria, and he and John
Jlobson are the only two men now in the city
who were here in lb43.

Charles W. Shively, our subject, started with
iiis father, u the age of eight years, to cross the
plains froiTi Missouri io Oregon, and at twelve
years of age he began life for himself. With
5 cents in his pocket he left Astoria for Ore-
gon City, w.^'-king his ])assage on the steamer,
and from the hitter place he rode horseback and
drove cattle to Jacksonville, where his father
was mining. There he waited on tables in a
restaurant for a time, and next followed mining.
While there, in 1852, (iustave Wilson, now
United States Consul from liussia, worked for
him in the mines for $5 a day. Two years
later Mr. Shively attended school for five years;
then followed surveying; in 1858 was employed
as whaifinger for Captain Richard Hoyt, of
J'orthmd, also as purser on river steamers; iii
18(50 began the study of dentistry in San Fran-
cisco, which he continued two years, and at the
same time was special correspondent of tiie
Alta Californian : ami in 18(i2 again tried mining,
in Idaho, but was unsuccessful. He then re-
turned to Astoria, and was lirst in the United
States Kngineer I)e])artment at Fort Canby,
was sut)seipiently placed at the head of the Com-
missary Dejiartment, and assistant timekeeper;
in 18(54 was in the Kngineer Department at
Alcatraz island, a few miles north of San Fran-
cisco; tht^ following year was suiiercargo on the
bark Industry, which was wrecked on the bar
at the month of the Columbia river, March 16.
18(55, and seventeen lives were lost. In 18(56
Mr. Shively was nnide purser on the steamer
lieacue; in 1867 was engaged as reporter for
the city papers of San Francisco, and also as
assistant pilot on the Vallejo and captain of the
steamer Fresno, between Sacra.nento and lied
Bluff; in 1868 was employed by Ben IloUaday,
as purser, freight clerk and Wells- Fargo's
messenger, on the steamer Active, between
Portland and Victoria, British Columbia; next

was foreman on the Stockton A: Copperopoli>
railroad for one year; in 1871 was bookkeeper
for the Cosmopolitan Hotel at Portland; then
removed to San Francisco; and in 1876 came
to Astoria. Since that time he has been con-
nected with various enter])i'ises, and for ten
years was Clerk of the School Board, and also
in the real-estate business. lie was elected Su-
|)erintendent of Public Instruction in 1889, and
is now serving his fourth year. He is the only
heir to his father's large estate, and is now giving
his entire attention to his land interests.

Mr. Shively was married October 18, 1809,
to Miss Annie M. Dielschn ler, a native of
Prussia, and they have had tlu following chil-
dren: Katherine May, a teacher, of Povtlaiul;
Wilhelmina E., who graduated in music in San
Francisco; Martha S., Annie P., Kva, Charlie
and David P. Thompson. Socially our subject
is a member of the Masonic order, and the
Knights of Pythias; and religiously, is an ad-
herent to the Baptist (Jhurcli. lie is one of
Astoria's most enterprising and public-spirited
men, and a citizen universally resjjccted.

J^ENIIV IlILU. of Independence, Oregon,
|mJ is a pioneer of 1847, and has the honor of
'^Pl being the founder of the city of Independ-
ence, and its first settler. He was born in Jeff-
erson county, New York, in the town of Ellis-
burg, on January 20, 1829. His father, Laydiie
Hill, was born on the line between Connecticut
and Vermont, on April 4, 1804. The family
was of tlnglisli ancestry. He was married in
1825, to Miss Eliza Taylor, who was a native
of Connecticut, who was born near New Haven
May 4, 1807. Grandfather Jedediah Hill was
a soldier of the liev<Jution, and also in the war
of 1812. He was wounded and taken prisoner,
tjut near the close of the war he was ])aroled
and returnee' to his family. Mr. Hill, the sub-
ject of this 'ketch, was the third in a family of
eleven cliilJren, of whom only three are now
living. He was reared in his native State un-
til 1830, when the family removed to Ashtabula
county, Ohio, and later to Kane county, Illinois,
and from there to Cook county, where he resided
until 1847, when he crossed the plains with
oxen to Oregon. He started April 4, and when
they left St. Joser.'; there was a train of 100
wagons, but the occupants disagreed among

840

nrsruRY of ouEnoN.

^ 'A

\\ ^ar- {■

tliemselves and divided into small companies.
They e.\])eriuiiced iiiiicli iiniioyance and dunj^ei'
from tlie rfreiit iicrds of hutfiilo, wliicli would
scarcely keeji from tiain|)liiiif them iiiidor foot,
and they frijihteiicd the oxen and it was very
ditiicult to keep them from hreaking and run-
ninif away, and that occurred several times.
Tlie Indians also took ])leasure in etampedini.r
the cattle and stock, and they had to follow them
in the night. The Indians tlid their fighting
with hows and arrows, and were afraid of the
i^nns of the emigrants, and in that way the lat-
ter were al)l(' to recapture their cattle.

Mr. Hill arrived at his destination, wherein-
depeixlenee now stands on tlm 14th of Novom-
her, 18-17. Old Major Thorp, Mr. Davy Gotf,
Colonel Ford, Mr. Carey, 1). Embree and a few
others had already arrived in the county. Mr.
Hill decided to settle on the west bank of the
Willamette, and lie began at the river and ])aced
off his claim a mile S([uare. lie drove stakes at
the corn(M's and marked trees, and in that way
designated his claim. The following spring he
heard of the discovery of gold in Calitornia, so
h'" walked to Portland ami then took a canoe to
Acitoria, where he got aboard the schooner Star-
ling and sailed to San l'"rancisco. He then took
passage on Sutter's launch, and went up the
river to where SacraTuento now is, and from
there lie went with three or four others on foot
to the mines and dug gold at Ilangtown. as it
was then called. He worked there for twenty
months, taking out a great deal of gold. Thirty
dollars was the largest piece he found, and four
of them on two ditt'erent days took out .S4(in.
He left for Sim Francisco with ^itSOO in gold
and this he invested in merchandise and bronifht
the goods to Indepemleiice. He formed a part-
nership with two others, they having the e.\-
jicrience and he having the capital. I^ater they
had the money and he had the experience, and
after a sliort time he sold out. but did not get
out without loss. In 18.")1 he decided to retuiTi
to Califiirnia to rej)lenish hi.-, .-tore of money.
He accordingly went to Vreka. The Indians
were bad at this time, and he took a ranch near
Vreka and was engaged in herding liorses. From
there he went to .lacksonville. Oregon, but was
not suited with the jirospect, and then returned
home and engaged in farming and st(jck-raising
in which he has since cijntinned. In 18(!7 he
platted aliout forty acres of his land and gave it
the name of Independence. He gave Vanduyne
and McCully lots to build on, and also lots for

a livery stable, and thus the town was started.
He aUo gave two lots each to the Methodists
and Fresb^crians for edifices. lie was liberal
in aiding the public im|irovetnents. and was in-
terested in all they would build up.

The nnirriage of .Mr. Hill took place July 1-1,
1851. to Miss M.artlia Ann Virgin. She was
born in Kentucky on December 18, 18;j2. and
was the daughter of Reason Virgin, who died
in Jlissouri. She came to Oregon in 18-17. but
not in the company of Mr. Hill.

Mr. and .Mrs. llill have had nine children:
the eldest, Roseltha, was born September 14,
18o2, and died December 8, 18(il; (JIarinda
.Vrreli.-i, born December 11, 18r)5, married Mr.
Samuel Hurch and had one son and died in
1880; Reason I.aydue. born November 2t), 18r)8,
resides in Independence; Mary Elizabeth was
born in 1801. and died November 18, 18G3;
Lucy Vidue was born May 13, I8t)0, and died
in 1808; Nelly May was born February 4,
18()8; Ilouier Virgin was born September fi,
1870; Verd was born in 1870 and(iarlin in
1881. The four last nanie(l reside at home with
their ])arents. Mr. Hill during the war was a
strong Republican, but later he has been more
of an independent in his voting. His principal
business has been stock-lireeding, and raising'
thoroughbred horses. He and his wife now
own about 1,000 acres of land in the vicinity of
Independence, the most of it being improved.
He has taken a dee[» interest in ids town, and
in till' location of bridges and the building of
railroads. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have reaclu'd the
evening time of life, but the many friends and
fellow-pioneers hope for them yet many years
of <iuiet enjoyment.

ElEll.I.IAM DAWSON, an honored pio-
neer of 184.*), now deceased, was a na-
tive of Scotlanil. born |)eceml)er 21,
1810. His parents were William and Barbara
Dawson, both natives of Scotland, and members
of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Dawson was
the eldest son and was reared and educated in
his native land \intil his twenty-tirst year. Ho
then emigrated to Missouri and purchased a
piece of land, (jn whi'-h he resided from 1837
to 1841. He crosocd the plains, with oxen to
Oregon in 184" Ho was of the company that
suffered so si • rely from starvation. He came

iiisronr uf oiiryioy.

S41

directly to Vatii Mill comity and took 6 H) iicrcR
of land, four miles tioitli of McMiiinviile. and
lii'i'e he l)i'jj;an anil continued the life ot' a jiio-
nccr nntil 1870, when he ciinie to Monmouth,
])iirchahed propci'ty, crci'tcd a nice rt'sidcncf.
where he remained until his death, which oc-
cnred in 188!). lie waB in the drnj,' business a
II II in her of years in Monmouth, and was a man
of the highest integrity of character and a busi-
ness man o! fine al)ility. He was elected by
his fellow-citizens to one of the most important
ofHces in the county, that of County Commis-
sioner. He was a J{ej)iiblican in jwlitics, and
during the great civil war he was strong against
disunion, and never lost an opj)ortunity to spet-k
in favor of the (Tovernment.

H(< was married in Nfissouri, to ^^is8 ^[ary
K. Sercy, a native of Kentucky. Two children.
Barbara and Piio'be. were born to them in Mis-
souri. In 18<)2 this wife died, after bearing
litsn Seven daughters, one of whom died. I'lnebe
is now the wife of Professor .lohn Hall, and re-
sides in Tacoma; Anna married Mr. Archibald
Sailing and resi<les at A\'"ait8burg, Washington;
Kvcliiie married Mr. William Hiiriiett, and died
in her twenty-Second year; ^^aggie became the
wife (if Mr. .lohn JJewley and resides at Col-
ville. Washington; Amanda married Mr. Henry
Shadileii; he died and she was again married to
a Mr. ^^alone, and resides in Dayton, Washing-
ton; Ella became Mrs. William Small and re-
sides at Walla Walla, and Lucretia is now the
wife of Mr. Charle3 Ellis. Mr. Dawson wan
married dannary 17, 1804, to Mrs. Kash, widow
of Levi Rash, and the daughter of Dickson R.
Uaker, a native of Kentucky. She had married
Mr. Rash in the East and with him and their
two daughters came to Oregon in 1851. The
children were Elizabeth, Elmira, Martha,
Amanda Ellen, Maretta and Thomas L.; the
third mai'ried .1. H. Curby, of San Fi-ancisco,
and died in 1888; the foiii'th is the wife of dohn
liiiriiR, of Rutto, Montana; and the fifth is the
wife of. I. M. I'owell, vice-president of the nor-
mal school at Jronmoutli, while the last men-
tioned resides in Monmouth with his wife and
three children. 'I'lio former became the wife
of Mr. C. B. dolinson,of McMinnville, and the
second Mrs. Charles Handlcy, who resides in
San Francisco. One son, William Dawson was
horn to Mr. and Mrs. Dawson, and he is now a
lawyer and resides in Heppeiier. A[r. and ^[rs.
Dawson were members of the Christian Church,
juid whilo in McMinnville were pillars of that

denomination. He anil his wife were charter
members of the church, and aided greatly in the
founding of the organization. 'I'hey were aided
ill their good work by d ud<,'e Cowls, who was a
warm friend of tlmirs. .Mr. Dawson was one of
the trustees of the Christian College, aiding it
hnaiicially, as well. His death was a blow, not
only to his family but to the entire coniiniinity,
as he was highly respected and cstoenicd by a
largo circle of friends us a worthy, good citizen.

lARTAIX CHARLES HANDLEV, an
Oregon pioneer of 1850, and one of the
most respected citizens of McMinnville,
was born in Warwickshire, England, October
18, 1811. His parents, Thomas and Elizabeth
(Cottel) Handley, were both natives of Kngland,
and members of the established church. (Jf
their fourteen children it is believed there are
only three now living.

Captain Handley began his seafaring life at
the tender age of eleven years, commencing on
the man-of-war Boadicea, as a hand to carry

f)owder to the guns; but astounding changes
lave been made in the armament of war-ships
since he was a boy, as well as in the machinery
and methods of loading and tiring, and in fact
everything in the navy has undergone vast and
radical changes. lie went with his vessel to
Calcutta, thence to Rangoon, then the ca])ital
city of Biirmah, situated on the left bank of
Irrawaddy river, and engaged in a war in pro-
gress there for the subjugation of the country.
In that expedition twenty-four boys like him-
self left England, and all but four died of
disease or accident, and he himself was pre-
served as if by miracle. At one time he fell
backward anddownward twelve feet, striking his
head on an iron ring, from the effects of which
contusion he lay unconscious thirty-six hours.
In this war the English were successful and
as a trophy they took the great bell from a
pagoda, weighing nine and three-fourth tons,
and endeavored to ship it to England, for which
purpose a shi]) having the largest-sized hatch-
way had to be selected; and even then the hatch-
way had to be enlarged. Being unable to take
the bell to the vessel in ! oats a raft had to be
made for the transportation of the bell, but on
the way it went to the bottom of the river. Then
abandoning the idea of sending it to England,

843

IirsTOllV OF (iREaON.

(f| ij

tlioj'i witli the help of tlie iiihiihitaiits wlio re-
^iinlt'il tlie ohjoct with venuration, nmile two
large boatu, one on eaeli side of the spot where
the hell went down, fastened eliains to the bell
IVoiii tlieni ami liy this means, hy the lieli) of a
twelve teet rir-(! ami fall of tide, sueeeedeil in
I'ai.-inf,' the hell to the siirfactMind taken to shore.
It was cunijjosed mostly of silver. The paifodu
was coated all over with gold, and was a i;or-
<T('oiis structnre, the grounds eovering seven
acres. The inhahitiints gladly replaced the hell.

After three and a half years' service Ca|>fain
liandley returned to England and was lionor-
ahly discharged. He spent eight months with
his parents and again went to Imlia, this time
on a merchant vessel, the Cambrian, was at
IJomhay six months, making repairs on the ship
in a dry dock, and while he was there an ex-
plosion occurred in fort near hy, of u barrel of
powder, killing thirteen persons. The hiiilding
caught lire, and the sailors, including Mr. Hand-
ley, hasteneil to the rescne and extingnished the
lire, and rolled out barrels of powder from un-
der the hiiriiing roof. Until their task was
done they never once thought of the risk they
had been running in regard to the liability of
others barrels of powder exploding there. When
this fact came into their minds their nervous
systems were terribly agitated, in spite of their
cool judgment.

Loading with cotton, the vessel sailed to
China, then returned to Bombay, where our
young sailor asked to be released from the ship,
and he returned on another vessel to England,
after an absence of two years.

About a year afterward he again sailed on a
merchant ship (the Kxmoutli, 1,000 tons net),
bound to Australia and Calcutta, East India,
arrived in due time at Sydney, Australia, dis-
charged cargo and sailed thence for Calcutta;
through stress of weather the sliij) was put into
the Derwent river, port of Holiart, where he
met two of his brothers, who had gone to Tas-
mania Isle, during his voyage in the Cumbrian.
They |)er8uadeil him to return to Ilobart
T<iwn, which he promised to do when his jires-
ont engagement was completed. Arrived at
Calcutta they took on board a very valuable
cargo of India's productions, the owners of
which paid six guineas sterling per ton for
freight alone. Arrived in England he was paid
off and after a few months took passage on the
Urig Mary for Tasmania, spent a short time
with Ills brothers then shipped as second mate

of the bar(|ue Merope for Mauritius island, there
loaded with sugar and returned to Ilobart Tow?i,
where after a strict examination as to seaman-
ship and navigation he was appointed first mate
of the Isabella, a ship of the British Govern-
ment Marine Department of Tasnraiiia. Three
years afterward the captain of that vessid was
promoted, and Alate liandley was appointed
captain. He \t'as in the marine service on the
coast of Australia thirteen and a half years, dur-
ing the last thiee of which he wr* captain of
the steamer Kf ngaroo, wdiich was in the service
of the Goverii'ir of Tasmania and was an able
and seaworthy vessel.

In 183'J tie Captain was married to Miss
Sarah Burteii, a native of the west of iMigland,
and the daughter of Cajitain .lames Burten,
Five of {'aptain Ilandley's children were born
while he was a resident of Ilobart Town, Tas-
mania, namely: Thomas B., Charles .(., Amy
J., 8arah II., and Ivate B., and with this family,
in 1850, he came to Oregon, wluM'e his wife's
parents were living. They landeil at the little
new town of Portland, which then consi>ted
only of a few log cabins.

Ill the spring of 1851 the Captain went with
a party overland on horseback to 'Ireka, and
was employed in the g9ld mines until Septem-
ber, when he returned with >oine of the shining
metal; he had made an average of ^<8 a day, clear
of all expense. On going to California he left
his family at jNorth Yam Hill, hut on his n^turn
they were residing at l.a Eayette. He brought
back with him from the mines two mules,
which he exchanged for t!ie improvements
made on a donation claim near Dnnaee, in Vain
Hill county; this farm is now known as the
Cliehalem Orchard Home. Moving into the
little log house there, he began farming and
raising live-Btock. At first the work came hard,
but he inured himself to it, and finally, after
much patience and perseverance, he grandly
succeeded in getting over this great ri])ple in
life. The shee|i husbandry proved to be the most
profitable. He also was employed by a survey-
ing party, at first carrying the chain, at $3 a
day, and finally taking considerable responsi-
bility in the work. He aided in the survey of
nearly all of Vam Hill county. He became an
expert surveyor, and pursued the art afterward
on his own account, altoqother for over twenty
years.

In 1852 he was elected Assessor for the
county, and was elected for a second term. Next

lllsTiiHY Oh' (iliECny.

8111

lie was t'lecfed Coiiruv Siirvi^vor, in wliicli otHco
lio sj^rvi'd ten ycaiv. Says lie:

•■ The way 1 ciiiiio to lie iioininated wa.N this;
The iieo|)lc were calKvi tiij^utlier. and Uev. K. li.
(ieary asked nie to Rtand up, and said, >1 nomi-
nate the Captain for (bounty AsHesHor.' Then
tiie Whiffs ,-tood np a niiin in tiiesanie way, and
o|ipo.-ite me, and all who favored the nomina-
tion of each was asked to pass overt ot he respect-
ive sides, behind thecandidates. The adherents
of each were counted, when the majority were
found to !)(« in favor of me, and I was declared
nominated."

The Captain rented his farm and came to
McMinnvillc, in 1872, for the purjioso of edu-
catiufT his three Oref^oii-liorn children, the
other five having graduated »nd set up for
themselves. lie purchased three and a half
acres of land in McMinnville, and erected three
houses, in one of which, a pleasant home, he
resides. Since he has been a resident liere he
has done coiiBiderable private surveying in the
city and county, which he continued until he
reached the age of seventy years, lie then re-
tired from active service, and since then has
been severely afflicted with rheumatism, which
it is believed was induced by e.xposuro in the
water while engaged in surveying, as he was a
hard worker and often had occasion to wade in
cold water; he says he is now suffering the
penalty.

His children born here in Oregon, are John,
Liz/.ie and .Mice.

In 1890 Captain Ilandley sold hi? old farm
and now lives upon the income o! Ii's .'ivest-
inents,

Mrs. Ilandleydied in 1884:, after having iieen
a faithful helper and sympathizer with her hus-
band for forty-tivo years; she was an excellent
Christian woman. The children are situated as
follows; T. I), is a lawyer in Tillamook; C. J.
is employed in the County -Vppraiscr's office in
San Francisco; .Vmy .Lis the wife of Thomas
Mrown, a pioiu-er of 18i9 and a farmer of Yam
Hill county; Sarah is now Mrs. J. S. Robinson,
aufl resides at Dundee; Kate is the wife of .1.
W. S|)eucer, a pioneer of 1851, having a posi-
tion in the Custom House at Washington; John
is a Yam Hill county farmer; Lizzie is un-
married, and is her father's housekeeper; and
Alice is the wife of Frank Williams, who is a
business man of Washington.

Captain llandley connected himself with the
Methodist Church in 1839, and nearly ever

since then he has birn serving the cliiirch in
some official capacity, as Class-leader, ilible -class
teacher, etc., and he is now one of the Truslees
of the church in his place. I'lpjitically he was
berore the war a 1 )eni(«'rMt, but dui'iiig that
struggle he was a strcjug Inion man. (Hi- .-mi
Charles served in tlic war in Coiii|jaii\ I!. ( he-
gon Volunteer Infantry), and ('\('r since then he
has been aconsistent ilepnlilicaii. Ilehasniad(>
a worthy and honorable record, and now, in hi-
ohi age, enjoys tlu^ lo\e and esteem of nil who
have the l.ionor of hi- aiMjiiaiiitaiice. .Vshcsay-:
" He is now waiting for the call of the (ireat
Captain of .'Salvation, to eoine uii aloft to be
with Him through all Kternitv."'

§()N. lilCHAliD WILLIAMS, another of
Oregon's esteemed sons and able lasvyeitf,
is a native of Findlay, Ohio, wherct he was
born on November lo, 18i3t). His father, Eli-
jah Williams, was a nati\ i; of I'dinsylvania, from
which State he I'emoved to Findlay, Ohio, in
1832, where he was a successful lawyer for many
years. In 1851 he removed, with hisfamilv, to
Oregon. He died at Portland in 1SS7. "llis
son, Ilichard William, the subject of our sketch,
was educated at the Willamette University, and
studied law with Judge Thayer at Co'-valHs,
being admitted to the bar at .Salem in 18.")7.
He began the practice of his profession in that
city in 18t)"J, where he continnetl until 1871,
when he came to Portland. Here he continued
his practice, and was for eleven years a partner
of e.K-(Tovernor Thayer. He then organized the
firm of R. and K. H. Williams, and, later, Mr.
C. II. Cary was admitted to the firm. They
enjoy a large and lucrative practice, and are
widely and favorably known.

In 1802 he was married to Miss Clara J.
Congle, daughter of Mr. John 13. Congle, who
came to Oregon in 185:2. They have two child-
ren, a son and two daughters, viz.; Hditli, wife
of Mr. O. B. Stubs, of Portland; and Maliel,
who res^ides with her parents. ..Mrs. Williams
is still living, and they have a pleasant and
happy home.

In politics Mr. Williams has always been a
consistent Republican, and as such was elected
by bis jiarty to the Forty- Fifth ("ongrcss. from
the district of Oregon, in which capacity he
served a term of two years, being a member of

-fi ^m

> I i

irrsTony <>h' DitKuny.

many iiii|i<irtiiiit ('iiiiiiiiitloCK, iiiid (lii^cliiir^iii^
lii^ iliiiiuii witli iiliility and liiinor. Ileirtiiii u\-
|)i'i'it'iici'(l, wi'll-i't'ail lawyer, fjiftud with good
jiidjiiin'iit iiiiil acciii'uto I'easoiiiriif jiowcre, ^ivos
I'ioM' altfiitiiin to Ills casL'H, and i» iiosspssod of
tliu lliglll■^l iiitrirrity ol r.liaracti'r.

SENUV WKIN'llAI!l).ai.ul)lic-H|.iritudand
cntt'i'iirisiiig citizen of I'ortlaiid, Oregon, is
a native oi' Weidciilierg, (icrinany, wiiere
lie was Imrn in IH'M. coininj^ to tliu Cnited

.States in ISHS. He learned tlie l)r('winf» liiihi-
ness in (ierniuny, and aftei' coming t(j this
eonntry, worked at it in tJineinnati, Ohio, from
IS.")'^ to lS5(i. At tliiii time lie emiiarked, via
the Isthmns to N'ancoiiver, Washington, work-
ing at his ipusine8s in that place for six months,
iiftei' which he came to I'ortland, where, in jiart-
iiership with (-eorge liuttliT. he lie^jaii the City
iJreuei'y on (' and l-'ront streets. It was Bmall
in the heginning, as the business did not de-
mand a larirer. After workiiiirat the enterprise
for a while, Mr. Weiidiard sold out his interest,
returning to Vancouver, where he remained for
live years, returning in lSt^)3 to I'ortland, where
h:' bought out Mr. liottler, removing the follow
ing year to his present locality, renting the land
for three years and jiurcha>ing two blocks, on
which he built a neat frame building, which an-
swered the demands of his business for only a
short time, when other measures were adopted
to secure the necessary facilities for his con-
stantly increasing business. At last he built
thu .'nimense pile of brick, which covers the en-
tire blocK. This vast structure is provided with
all the appliances, which experience has taught
Mr. Weinliard is necessiary for the production of
Wcinhard's celebrated beer. He attributes nis
success to the mannfacture of an article of in-
trinsic value, and a constant aillierence to honor-
able practices, which two secrets of worth have
crowned his efforts with success and gained for
him the largest brewing busiiuws in the Xorth-

'west. .Mr. Weinliard has also found time in
the conducting of his \ast enterprise, to specu-
late in other directions. He has constructed
various buildings, among which may be meii-
tionecl, as of greatest tnoment, the Grand Central
Hotel, which is located on Third street, be-
tween K and I' streets. Iiuing 'J.'ixlOi) feet, live
stories iu height and a basement, carefully

planned, |)rovided with all modern conveniences
and improvements, and ehgantly furniMhcd,
steam iieated. electric lighted, and with an ele-
vator of the most approved style. 'I'lie groniid
for this magniticent structure was broken in the
fall of 18'.t((. and it >tood complete in all its ar-
chitectural beauty on ,Ianuary 1. Wil. It is
not only a valuable improvement to the city,
hut is a fitting monument of Mr. Wcinhard'a
enterprise. .\s serving to show the enhance-
ment of the values in real estate in I'ortland,
may ln^ mentioned the fact that, in INOI, .Mr.

.•ks

his

ISo'.l, to Miss

'iermany, and

C, the elder,

while the younger,

Weinharil bought the two
brewery stands for 1?23,(M)0.

Mr. Weinliard was inarri'
Louise Wagenblast. a nati
they have two daughters,
is the wife of I'. Wessinger;
Louise 11., is still at home.

Mr. Weinliard is a member of the Masonic
fraternity. In politics he is indeptMideiit.

Prosperity has been too small a mattttr to
change or interfere with the natural worth of
Mr. Weinhard's character. It has only >erved
as verdure of brighter, warmer days, which
adorns the rugged strength of the somber oak
of winter months. Kind-heartjd, considerate,
and cordial, he is as approachable as when thirty-
tive years ago he first came to Portland.

fAMKS Dl'VALHOLMAX, deceased, one of
Oregon's most worthy and highly respected
pioneers, was a native of Woodford county,
Kentucky. born .Viigust 18.181 La son of riohn and
Hetsy L. (Duval) Ilolmai). anil of Virginian ami
North Carolinian ancestors. They were early
settlers of the colonies. On the mother's side
the Duvals are a well-known family in the
South; they were of Huguenot descent. Mr.
llolman's parents were married in 1810, and in
181T they moved to Tennessee, where they re-
sided nine years. Then they removed to (Jlay
county, Missouri. Hit mother died in 1841,
and his father came to Oregon in the immigra-
tion of 18-lH.

Mr. Holmaii, the subject of this sketch, in
184:0. married Misc Rachel Ili.xsou Suinmers,
of Fleming county. Kentucky, born February
27, 1823, of a well-known family of that State,
and closely related to the Ilixson, Mason and
Morris families, of Kentucky, in 1810 sheac-

insmny nt on/snnx.

(■<iin|ianiiM| lu>r fiitlmr, Tlioiniw Siiiiiinei'H, on a
tri|( to woatcrii MisBoui'i, wlicro pIic met Mr.

ildllllllll.

SoiMi iit'ttM- Ill-riving at inaiiiidncl Mr. HiiIiiihii
iMif^aj^ed in inurcantilu liUKiiu'ssin MiBSdiiri, and
for rtjaHDiiii oxer wliic'li Ik; in part had no con-
trol, and on account of this l)ankrn|itcy of many
of liis del)torH, lie failed in liiibint'HB, in 18-45.
but refused tiia\ail hiinmdf of the l)aiiki'n|itcv
or insolvoncy lawn, and after liecaincto Oregon,
and as soon as he uiih aide, lie voluntarily paid
Ills dobts, with lu'ci i\ interest.

In 18Ui, with ii wife and two children, he
came to ( )re^on, o\ erlaiid, leaviiif; Indeiiendcnce.
Missouri, in the sprinnr, and arrivinj^ at Orej^oii
City, October 5. iSlt!. The perils and daiif^ers
of that tedious journey of over 2,0(11) miles, at
that time were peculiarly fjreat, placing; the
pioneers of that tiir.e in the front rank of hero-
ism. Sooti after arrival here they settled on a
piece of land in Clackamas county. nearOreijon
City, where they lived until 184S. Then the
news of the discoverv of gold in California
reached Oregon, and Mr. llolman took his fam-
ily to (Jregon.(;ity, and, with others, or;^aniztvJ
a party to go overland to Calif(jrnia, and engage
in minini^. They were the first overland Argo-
nauts to reach that region after the gold discov-
ery. Mr. lloliiian mined on the American and
Feather rivers, and was successful, clearini,' sev-
eral thousand dollars. While there he became ac-
(juainted with General Sutter, who tried to have
him take charge of his property, but Mr. llol-
man declined, and recommended for the posi-
tion Ilia old-time friend, I'eter II. Burnett,
who afterward became (Joxernor of California.
The latter acce|)ted the trust, and thus laid the
foundation of his largo fortune.

In 184'.t Mr. llolnian returned to ( >regon, by
way of San Francisco, where he purchased a
largo stock of merchandise, and after arrival
hero opened a store in < >regon City, which he
conducted with energy and intelligence, meeting
with great success, and he at once became a
])rominent factor in all the enterprises calculated
to advance the interests of the town, among
whicli was the building of the dam across the
Willamette, to increase the depth of water, and
facilitate the navigation of that river. In 18-19
lie was elected a member of the first Territorial
Legislature of Oregon, and was chairman of
the Cominittee-on Engrossed Bills ar.d also on
tlie Committee of AVays and Means.

In 1850, having acquired considerable money

from his enterprises, he purchased from Dr.
Klijali White a large inten<st in tlii' town sitt;,
a sawmill and other improvements, at I'acitic
( 'ity, on 1 laker's bay, at the month of the Culum-
bia. To that place he moved with his I'ainily
that year, jirocurin;; a donation claim adjoining
the town, by )iurchasiiig the po.iisessory right (d"
the first occupant. For a time I'acitic City gave
promise of becoming tint principal city of the
the Xorthwcst. A number of buildings were
erected and a large amount of capital invesled,
but by the jealousy of rival towns, the pro]ierty
wan taken by the lJnite<i States ( tovernment as a
military reservation. After expensive improve-
ments had been made by Mr. llolman and others,
the place wentdownand tinally ceased altogether
toe.xist. Mr. llolman had invested all his eajiital
there. Among oth(>i' things he bought and
shipped from Sew York the entire amount of
imiterial, already jircpare<l, necessary to build
and furnish a large hotel, and which alone made
a cargo for a ship, the cost of which was
828,000. He had the hotel erected at I'acilic
City, and this, with other improvements, was
taken by the Government in 1852, and it was
not until ls7!) that the (iovernment paid for
the hotel building, but for his loss in the town
site and other improvements, Mr. llolman was
never indemnified.

lie then resiiled on his donation claim until
he perfected his title to the same, and it now
belongs to his widow. On this land is situated
the present town of Ilwaco. In 1857 -Mr. llol-
man and his family moved to I'ortland, where
ho resided, ent;a<red in business until the time
of his (loritii, ill 18s2. In 1859 lie was elected
one of the three directors of the I'ortland ])ub-
lic schools, and was annually elected for four
successive terms, and wdiile acting in this capac-
ity he was a strong advocate of the liigh'school
system of education, and although he met with
strong opposition at first, he bad the satisfaction
of seeing his ideas carried out before his death,
and the I'ortland ])iiblio schools brought to their
jiresent high standard. In 1872 he started the
town of Ilwaco on his donation on Baker's bay,
and that 'dace, with its suburbs, coiii]>rise the
iirincipal watering place of the Noi'thwest.

In his yoiuli Mr. llolman joined the Bajitist
Church, but. later, as he abandoned the doc-
trine of "close communion," lie became a
I'resbyterian, and assisted in the organization of
the first Presbyterian Church at Portland, in
1860. He was one of the Elders of that church

84ii

HISTORY OV OHEdOS:

I. ■

K'.

from an early jioriod of its (jr^janization to the
tiinc of his dfatii, wIumi lie was Senior Elder.
In ls81 he erected at lluaco, on a si^litiy knoll |
near his own cottaire, a tasteful eliaiiel, and
evinced liia religious liiierality liy making it j
open for the use of all orthodox dcnqmimitioDs j
alike. In 1850 he joined the Masonic, order at |
< )rei'oii City, in the first lod}j;e of that order \
fonnded in '. )rcf^on, and he remained an aftiliat-
i.'ir member of the order to the time of his
death. In his |Folitieal views he was a zealous
Ocinocrat.

Tiie exposure and liardshijis of his j>ioiieer
life had told on his iiatnrally stroiif^ constitution,
and repeated attacks of inHamniatory rheuma-
tism 1)1 )iif^ht on IJright's disease, which was the
immediate cause of his death.

Of his children, he left two sons, Frederick
A', and (ieorge I'"., hoth members of the Ore-
gon bar; and two daughters, Frances A. and
Kate S., who still live with their mother in
Porland.

Of luK wife it can be truthfully said, that in
coming to Oregon she willingly sacrificed every-
thingexcept her love for her h"sband andchil
dren. She was in all I'espects truly his help-
mate, liy her buoyant disposition she aide<l
him in making linancial losses an incentive to
new effort, and reverses were robbed of their
bitterness by her sympathy and encouragement.
There never was a braver, nobler or better
woman, nor a truer, moi'e devoted or more lielp-
i'ul wife.

iN[r. Ilolman was in every domestic relation a
true and tender man, a pioiu'er of the highest
type, lie was in every way an honest and hon-
orable, an exemplary man and a model citizen,
of deep religious convictions, and most devoted
to his family and friends.

kKKIiEN STKKIM.FS. who ranks with the
Oregon pioneers of 1852, was born in Nich-
olas counly, Kentucky. Atigust 8, 1828.
Jlis father, Henjauiin Steeples, was a native of
New .lersey, and a descendant of some of the
earliest settlers of that State, while his mother,
nee Miclia I'erren, was a native of Kentucky,
her people being early settlers of Kentucky, her
father of Knglish and her mother of Scotch an
ci.'stry. In 18;!."), they moved to Indiana and set-
tled near Indianajiolis, then a small village, and

in 1842, they removed to Clark county, Illinois,
where they resided until the father's death,
which occurreii in IStM. The mother only sur-
\i\ed him a short time. The\ had a family of
twehe children, of whom onlv rive are living,
I'erren being the tifth-iiorn.

On the 2()tli of .March, 1852, when in his
twenty-foe rth vear, the subject of our sketch was
married to Miss Marry Eleanor Latlerty, a na-
Mv c of.Missoi;ri, -md on the "itii of .Vjjril follow-
ing they started together on the long jdiiniey
with oxen across the plains. He had nothing
except his outfit, but with bra\e, stout hearts
they set ont on the long and hazardous trip.
During the last of the journey he was sick and
the outlook was discouraging. They arriicd at
their destination on the 5th of October, being
just six months en route, and remained three
months on the Martin farm, during whi(di time
Mr. Steeples regained his health. '•';' then came
to where llillsborongh now is and worked at
splitting rails. In June, 1853, he went to Yam
Ilill county, where he remained two yea'-s, en-
gaged in making rail> in the mountains and
hauling them out to the fai'ins. He received
.'?50 ])er thousand for them ami hauled from 100
to 125 on a load. It was hard work, but he made
some money and in that way got a little start. ( )c-
tober 1, 1855, here turned to Washington county
and purchased seven acres of land, for which he
gave !*35. Later, he pnrchaseil sixty acres for
$150. All of it is now worth more than !?U)0
an acre. In 1858 he purchased a farm of ItlO
acres ori the lake, was there three years, ami then
returned to bis land near Hillsborough. In 180(5,
li(> came to his present farrTi, 190 acres, two
miles southeast of Hillsborough, and here ho
has resided for the last twenty-six years.

He and his wife had afaniilv of nine children,
live sons and four daughters. Ilemy R., died in
his tliii'tieth year, in 1888. The others ai'c liv-
ing and are as follows; Elizabeth Jane, wife of
(teorge Hav.kins, Portland; Ilattie, wife of
William Bradford, I )cf)iity Sheriff of Washing-
ton county; l,illian .rune, wife of Wiliam Hums,
resid'js in California; Mary Helen, at present
with her sister in Portland. The sons arc Mat-
thias, engaged iii farming near Hillrborongh ;
I)ai\ic! P., also residing near Hillsborough;
.Mexander, in Denver; and Charles Sumner, in
Washington. Mrs. Steei)les died October 3,
1881). She was a most faithful hel|)mate and
loving an<l indulgent mother, and her death was
a source of great bereavement to her family and

IIISTUHY OF (illKUON.

S47

many tVienils. She was a iiieinlicr of tlie Chris-
tian Churcli i'roiii her t'oiirtcentii year, aiui N[r.
Steeples lias liehjiigoii to the. same churcii since
185(3. lie lias l)een a Kepulilican sinci' the or-
f^anizatioii of the party and has taken a deep in-
tei'est in all tlicaflairs of the State in whi'*!: he has
so lonif resided. lie now make:- his ' o'ne with
his (laii;j;lu('r, Mrs. 11. Bradford, in I!' b ";;->'.;^li,
Oreiijon. livini,f on the interest of nioii"i' ivh.ii;'i
his honest industry has secnred.

|<«-»te^f-».

1-^5*-

LVTIIAN CONNER, a respected Oregon j)i-
oneer of 1847. now deceased, was born in
Virginia, July 16, 1821. lie was of Irisii
ancestry, four jj;enerations of the family having
been Ijorn in America. His parents were liob-
ert. and Nancy (Ma.xonH'onner, both natives of
Virjjinia. They removed to Ohio, when he was
a year old, and there he was reared an<l educateil.
He was the sixtii in a family of ten children.
In 1830 they lemoved to Washington county.
Iowa. January 7. 18-H, he married Miss Eliz-
abeth ISufll. daughter of Elias liucll. The
Huells trace their ancestry back to English oin-
igrants who landed in Ainerica, from the first
vessel which came over after the Mayflower,
(ireat-ajvand father Buell was a captain in the
lievolntionary war. and his son. Samuel Buell,
also served in the Revolution.

In 1847 Mr. airl Mrs. Conner and their two
children, her fatlun :.nd mother, brother and six-
sisters, and an \'i ,1c and bis family, all crossed
the plains toget' er. I'hey made the journey in
safety, and s|)ent the following winter at \'^an-
couvcr. Mr. and Mrs. Conner settled u\\ their
donation claim, of (ilO acres, in May, 1848. They
built a little lotj house, anil be<;an life here in a
rude way. havinij but little furniture in their
cabin. By his honest and persistent efforts Mr.
Conner succeeded in deari'ig his laud anif de-
\ eloping it into one of the fitiest farms in I'olk
county. He was a Republican in ])olitics. and
both he and h''» wife were members of the Meth-
odist church. Of their children, we make the
following record: Sarah Ann, the oldest (lau};!!-
tcr. married Rev. .luhn McCain, a Methoilist
minister. She died in her forty-first year, leav-
injl five children. Mary Jane, wife of George
Ilobert, has four children. Joseph Kirk lives
cin a farm near Bellevue. Emeline first married
JBenjamin Ilosbrook. by whom she iind three

children, and after his deatli she married Homer
.Atkins. Matilila, wife of Robert Dyer, died
in her nineteenth year, leaving one child. Na-
than is married ami ix'sides on the donation claim.
Caroline, wife of XoahCiregg, resides in Dallas.
Mr. and Mrs. Creggliave four children. Jerusha,
wife of .lames Ball, has four ciiildren. They
reside in Washinijton. Elias is mari'ied, has one
child, and resides on the home farm.

.Mr. Conner's death occurred of apoplexy, J uly
L"), 1888. He had madea will, diviiling his part
id' the real estate between his three sons. Every
thing else, he left to his wife. She, however,
thought liest to sell the personal prop(>rty and
divide it with her daughters, which she did.
She resides on her own portion of the estate, in
the home they built in 1872, where she is sur-
rounded by all the comforts of life and where she
enjoys the res|)ect and esteem of all who know
her.

^ON. JOEL R. (iEER. a member of the
IjJ Oregon State Legislature, and a resident
Bi "f I'lcasant Hill ])recinct. Clackamas
county, but his postofHce addre>s is Butte-
ville, Marion county, was born in Clackamas
county, Oregon. March 7.185"). He is a de-
scendant of New England ancestry, his fore-
fathers haxing emigrated from Isngland to
.\nierica in colonial time.:;, (irandfather (iecr
was a soldier in the Rcvolutiim on the si<le of
the colonies. He lived to the ripe old age of
ninety-one years. His son. Joseph C. (ieer.
was born in Connecticut in the year 1796, was
reared to unudiood in his native .State, and there
marrieil, in 1817, a Mis.-* Jolmsou, and was a
soldier in the last year of the war of I8l2.
They moved to ( )hio. where they resided twenty-
three years; thence to Illinois, and >evcn years
latci'. in 184-7, crossed the |)lains to Oregon.
Two of their sons had crossed the pl.iins pre-
vious to that time, one in 184.0 aud tlio other in
184(5. Three sons and five daughters came with
them, and they were si.\ months iin the journey.
Their son Fred had settled on the Willamette,
just across flu river from where Butteville is
now locateil, and upon their ai'rival in ( >rcgoii
they went direct to whi'i'e he was. Here tlu*
father took a donation claim of 040 acres, and
on it spent the rest of iiis life. Tl.ey reached
their destination in November, 1847, and not

';■ f^^

■ I'TT'TVi

r, I

848

in STOUT OF OREGON.

long afterward Mrs. Occr died. In 1850 Mr.Cieer
miirriiMl a widow, a native of Indiana, born in
1808, daughter of a Mr. Dixois, a pioneer of
1847. She had tliree cliildreii hy Mr. (icer, and
in 1855, Soon after tlie birtii of her tliird child,
Joel I'., tho snbjeet of our sketch, she died.
The followinif yciir Mr. (ieer married a Mrs.
Strono;. Prom l85t) until 1882, the time of
his death, lie was totally blind. In early life
he was a Democrat, but after the bejjiniiinti of
tlio war of the Rebellion he was a strons;; l{e-
pulilieau. lie was nominated for the Terri-
torial Legislature of Oregon, and was defeated
iiy only one vote, receiving all the votes in his
own precinct except one.

.loel V. (ieer was reared and educated in the
county in which he was horn, most of his edu-
cation having been acquired at the village
schools of Butteville. When he reached his
majority his father gave him ItiO acivs of land,
on which he ha.-- since made his home, devoting
his land to the cultivation of hops, to which he
has turned his attention and in which he is ex-
tensively engaged, doing a largo business in
shijjping hops on commission.

lie wiis married, in 1877, to Miss Calista K.
Culver, who was born in Albany. Oregon, in
1853, a daughter of Amos 15. Culver. She
died in 1887, the mother of three childri'n;
Lottie E., OIlie K., and Karl V.

I'olitically, Mr. (ieer is a Republican. He
is a member of the (iraiige and also of the A.
(). U. W. He has held the ofHce of .lustice of
the Peace two years and Clerk of the School
I'oard eight years. In 1892 he was elected a
member of the State Legislature. I'ersonally,
he is a (piiet and unassuming gentleman, well
infornu'd on all general topics, and especially
on the affairs of his county and State, and is
frank and cordial with liis fellow-men. In
short, he is a tliorougli gentleman.

^^©nii)^'^

fOlIX I'lIILLII'S (now deceased), an Ore-
gon i)ioneer of 1845, and one of the most
esteemed citizens of SpriiLg \'alley, Polk
county, ( >regon, was born in Wiltshire, Kng-
land, >iovemb"r 25, 1814. lie descended from
an old and highly respectable English family.
Mis parents were John and Mary ((Jhurc^h)
Phillips, who both were born in Wiltshire,
England, and were lueinbers of the Episcopal

Churcli. They had five children. The father
was a well-to-do mechiuiic and led a humble,
upright life, and diccl in the town whei-e he was
a resident, in 1S25, and his wife followed him
in 1834. Mr. Phillips, when a boy, was appren-
ticeil to a cabinet-maker at Froine, Somerset-
shire, and served seven years, lie was just out
of his apprenticeship when his mother died, and
one of her last re(iuests was that John should
make her cotKn. He complied with this desire
and performed the sad task, and then sailed to
New York in company with a minister from
Florida, who had been in Enirland in search of
mechanics, lie jirocceded to Florida and re-
sided there live years, during which time he
worked on the (Tovernment works at Chatta-
hoochee for the defen.se of the country during
the Seminole war.

Mr. .Philli|)S came to Xew Orleans in 1839,
and there, on February 11, 1839, he married
MissElizabetli llibbard.who was born in Shaftes-
bury, Dorsetshire, England. Jidy 17. 1820, and
was the daughter of .lohn and Mary (Doughty)
ifibbard, both English people, Mary Ann
Doughty being born in Alderborough, Suffolk
co>inty, England, while John Ilibbard was born
in Dorsetshire, of the same county, nnd mem-
bers of the Episcopal Church. They came to
St. Louis, Missouri, and died there of the chol-
era in 1849. After Mr. Philli|)s was married
he and his wife resided in St. Louis for six
years and left for Oregon April 11, 1845, tak-
.ing with them two children. They came with
ox teams, the company being led bv Joe .Meek,
and reached Oregon (3ity in October, where
they spent the winter, and in the spring they
moved to St. Paid, Marion county, where Mr.
Phillips and Thomas Roberts, who had crossed
the plains with him, wore em|iluyeil to finish
the Sisters' School and the Roman Catholic
(Miurc.h at that ])laco, being the first church
erecteil in Oregon. In July, 1847, they re-
turned to Spring Valley and settled u])on the
donation land claim, on which he ever after
resided.

The claim had been settled upon by a Mr.
Turner, who had an Indian wife. She died,
and the man desiring to go to California, Mr.
Phillips gave him 8100 for his claim. In the
spring of 1849 he went to the gold mines of
Califoriua in company with his neighbor, J. D.
Walling, and others, and returned the same
year, since which time he has lived and labored
ui) his home place. Ho made himself useful to

!' i

^^^mmmmfmmm

mmmm

mim

III

1 1 I

iii.-'.n>i^Y oy <m»i,

846

t' ■ ■••tili'llig .» ii'U !'■ . H',

{■ •■.^r-,'ihe supplied f.Jif »i;'i]*i.v

f Mmiy rtfo tlic y.inff <>f !■..*

;.. • iri> still c)i((risinii! >« ►litiij*

» .... .iiiliistry ai('! skili.

p>- utwajs ttl'. very ;?i'.'iti'fitl »..■ M>-
liK.iit u» U»."!jorts, wli(> i-Hvi-ii his life hii-l thu' •)"
iiiH fainiiy wliilt- crossiiif^ the Siiiiky river
tlie journey to ( )regoii in lS4o. The >'u:
'AM curryinj!; liiiii ami his team -lov ' >*
when tiity w nld Imvo l>e«'>i ';'»•{ i'*d
♦«rtt Hniii 'M '-.i-u )!,:'■
ill ijvtttn^;' v.o •■^..:'.t-
tioii >i'-.-
on th« Unv'-
f-rtt. til. . ■■:
'fits !ni». .
teeii uhilili. .
inafuni ".

4. -
<

Wit )iiv«?'.t \k!ut

y of tlieii- inarriagf,
f tlieir olil pioneer
j)articipatinir in the

,(; t'lrw
■••iihrr

, ■■'., J^44.

by h'jt ♦'>U^*r , \e- un* n. beaat)-
fnl luiinf; f- liznhnth inn*: iriu horn 'in thi'
'bnation claim Angust 12, J847; sin' inHrrjed
l*t».i(l McC'iti'ty anil resiilff m UtT'iiilisi civinity;
'J,.,.rgc W. wati born June IS', 1S41.). an'! 'Vwd
Wav 10, lS7i>, in hi* twenty ninth year, li'av-
ig^ « wift' nixl two nmt. who resicl'' in I'ort-
iwndi IWjivy Julia mhi' Iwrri June 8, t860: i.h»'
is now M5 ' ' ^)(M» in

TyliT. W^-.. , . .\.tK

unt 15. .I'J'iv, ji^.s. i» i4..'ii
WHi, arid rtisidt^* i?< Li-
(?harlf.' wai< liorn Hi,v,tv:
Hides on th« ilonution claim; . ._ : .
twro^wr I, 185ri, married A. .1. Matoy. *iid if
i>id«»« «l Balcm ; 8aniii'-l was horn < >otol)cr 5,
1850, and ri!>id(i8 on tin o-aim; Thooilofia was
horn April 15. 1808. sin'l di,*i .)ini<^ 1 of the
»ani« yi..rtr; llanriah, lK>rii Aii^»u«t i!l. 1S<;2,
ruiji'lo" with !u r motln-r; l-'rHnci.*s C(«T,ri'm 'loni
January -l. IH^itl, ie now Mr#. T, VV. t^U^Jtt,
wad rt««id(^ at Everi'tt. Waehuii^tori. ilr*.
f'Hjtlipa Imw tidrt* tiiiu' j^jrandpliil-lrvr^ ,ti- i :
j;r»iat-4{mndc.)iiidr<m.

On hilruary tl. iHvy. a iiiutt nc-al-iv ' vi i'
oucinrred in the lives of M-. and Mrn. I^hillii/s
tin? et'li'hridion of their guldi-n \vi'ddii»j{~-.|||fci(.

■ Snip fiiM lifiivlli annivc
t'i*"'; 'iii'i.fri'n and in!iiT\
^'^i<»ri«*' »nrpribin>( tlieni at-
^*! .vjtw :• i;n tiiitt oeoafiion.

l^Jf J''iill'!>8 hud alwin • been a hardwork-
:,., '^4!i,sitiH>ti6 man. ano by his intelligent
" -i-r-v Jiutt p>)'-p!i>;il I'or several year.^^ of
f"* .iuw»r^ti frm : ■ eart failnrc, and on
• : -' ' ' t'i-' lis death occurred,
cared tor by his
at home with him;
enderi'd in a most
nner. He had at-
ir, and at his death
linrchyard at Zena,
ids and neighbors,
veof the noble and
•. . )f sterling traits of

!^ fef't] I benevolent heart.
.-.■.•■-■■ -'r lliU iJ! 1- "m kindness to the
i9.-f. Ill* iHott'.) 11.1 I'Ksiness being '"Live
, jvi let lit^e.'' Tliifi gui'led him in his dealings
with liin imighbort". Jle war- a loving and con-
siderate husband nnd a ;_'• od and indulgent
faf)nT.

AjiJ'^i: from what he ha<i ^4ven his chililren,

■ ' ' ■ ■ '* j(roi»«rty to his i^ife to be divided

■la I'iui'lFHiv aftis-r U*?; death, thus show-

■ 11.; i :i ApfiirV'.wiiXk-n tvf *' who had been his

rs, and who was a
B\ieh a go<j(l man.

Itulpirraie ' fifty »)'>%*>
laiiy in every »«» i^orthj

iHTIinU II..I<>l[NS()N,oneof Portland's
enterprising pioneers, came to this city on
Ht-pliimhei- l7. 1852. He was born in
' ;"<!.t:i!. Kngland. on tlie ■; th of February. 1830.
'1 father wan a London '•ui'jlier, who removed
■' 't III!) ftwniiy Ik Sli ■

l>t.'J. Wtl<f% iW (**M*<i rV.

tmprovist' Bttd on whieh
when h« eaine to Omg..
]S\ivonil*r 28. IHTI.
the oldest

living Bon of

:«e. Wisconsin, in
aw farm, which he
esided until 18()9,
•vhere he died on
Arthnr 11, Johnson was
en children, lie
I went to •»ehool and partly Iciirncd the trade of
ieitijiivr'nir in Knj.'!ir.d,,ii)d came with hi.s father
Miri fiinuiy U^ M.)'.i!ni!:M-, Wisconsin, in 1843,

•■' '•■• ' ■■•'•awia tiij'iiii'iud with farming and

Hp !«tt MUviitukee on the first

■^'1, hi cross the plains to Oregon.

I 111 two wagons started, who. after

vi*i.,^«iK«ijii ii.' Missouri river, joined a company

if;!

U'-i;

..L--*;«;

.'Yi'j-f^-.'-fy'' 'f/.-

i4 I

€ri

11 1 STORY Of ORi&Ok.

f46

the settlers Ijy iiiainil'iK'tiii'iMg witli iiis tools,
doors, siislii'S, iiliiiiln, cofiins, and liouseholfl
fiirnitiire. witii which he siijipiied the settlers
for iiiilea aroiuid. Many are the pieces of iiis
hrtiuiiwork which are still cherished as tittinir
ineiiieiitoes of his industry and skill.

Mr. Pidllips always felt very fjrateful to Mr.
Tiionias Roberts, who saved his life and that of
his family while crossing the Snake river on
the journey to Oregon in 1845. The current
was carrying him and his teain down stream,
when they would have been lost had not Rob-
erts rode to hiui with his pony and aided him
in getting the cattle turned in the right direc-
tion. Mrs. Phillips and her two children were
on the load, and by the timely help of Mr. Rob-
erts they were all saved.

The family of Jfr. Phillips numbered six-
teen children, eleven of whom were reared to
maturity. The eldest, Henry li., was born
December 22, 1840, and died in St. Louis,
August 4, 1841; Sarali Ann was born August
4, 1842; she married Kdwin Dane and died in
lier twenty-ninth year, in 1871, leaving three
daughters, an infant being buried with her;
John E. was born in St. Louis August 15, 1844;
he mai'i'ied and resides on a farm near, which
was given him by his father; he has a beauti-
ful home; Klizabeth Jane was born on the
donation claim August 12, 1847; she married
David McCarty and resides in Umatilla county;
(Jeorge AV. was born June 19. 1849, and died
May 10, 1879, in Ida twenty-ninth year, leav-
ing a wife and two sons, who reside in Port-
land; Mary Julia was born June 8, 1850; she
is now Airs. Jerome Martin, and resides in
Tyler, Wushington; ^fartha ('. was born Aug-
ust 15, 1853, and is now Mrs. J. W. Richard-
son, anil resides in Independence. Oregon;
Charles was l)orn (Vugust 30, 1854, and re-
sides on the donation claim; Amelia, born Sej)-
tember 1, 1855, married A. J. Pasey, and re-
sides at Salem; Samuel was born (ictober 5,
185t). and resides on the claim; Theodocia was
born .\|)ril 15, 1858, and died June 7 of the
«anu^ year; Hannah, born August 21, 1862,
resides with her mother; Prances Cornelia, born
January 3, 180(3, is now .Nfrs. T. W. Claggett,
and resides at Everett, Washington, ^frs.
i'billipg has thirty-nine grandibildren and nine
great-grandchildren.

On February 11, 1889, a most no'able event
occurred in the lives of .Mr. and Mrs. Phillips —
the celebration of their golden wedding — this

being the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage,
their children and many of their old pioneer
fi'iends surprising them and participating in the
festivities on this occasion.

Mr. Phillips had always been a hardwork-
ing, in<lustriou8 man, and by his intelligent
inilustry had prospered. For several years of
his life he suffered from heart failure, and on
the 1st day of .Inly, 1892, his death occurred.
During his illness be was cared for by his
daughter ami wife, wlio were at home with him^
and their attentions were rendered in a most
<levol('U and aff'i'ct^i.itutte manner. He had at-
taineil hit- seventy eighth year, and at his death
.was laid away in the little churchyard at Zona,
beside many of his old friends and neighbors.
He was a worthy representative of the noble and
brave |)ioneers; was a man of sterling traits of
character and had a kind and benevolent heart.
He was loved for his uniform kindness to the
unfortunate, his motto in business being '-Live
and let live." This guide<l him in his dealings
with his neighbors. He was a loving and con-
siderate husband and a good and induljrent
father.

.Vside from what he had given his children,
he left his property to his wife to be divided
among the children after her death, thus show-
ing his appreciation of her who had been his
helpmate for fifty-three years, and who was a
lady in every way worthy of sueh a good man.

iRTHUR H. JOIINSOX, one of Portland's
enterj)rising pioneers, came to this city on
September 17. 1852. He was born in
London, England, on the 7th of February. 1830.
His father was a London butcher, who removed
with his family to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in
1843, where he settled on a new farm, which he
improveil and on which he resided until 18t)9,
when I'.e came to Oregon, where he died on
November 28, 1871. Arthur H. Johnson was
the oldest living son of eleven children. He
went to school and partly learned the trade of
butchering in England, and came with his father
and family to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1843,
where he became acquainted with farnung and
stock-raising. He left Milwaukee on the first
of March, 1852, to cross the plains to Oregon.
Four men with two wagons started, who. after
crossing the Missouri river, joined a company

SCO

iiisrony of ohfjios.

Vf'S

oftliii'ty \vai,r()iis. Afr. Jolnison wiis tlnni in his
twuiity-si'coiiil yeiir. lie (iiove iiii ox teiim all
the way tbi' his l)oanl. A grout tnaiiy died dur-
ing this year of nholcra, and this ciiin|iaiiy lost
one person hy thiit <lrfad disease; the i^raves
were ninnerous alon<,' tlie route. When near
tlie (Tpande Uoiide, tliey liail an adventure wilh
the Indians, which he relatives as t'lillows: An
Indian eaino up witli the company, and sold one
of tlie men a horse for a hutlalo robe aiul 85
cash. .Inst previous to making the trade, they
had stopped for dinner, and while there, a white
man. looking like a trapper, came upon a gallop
and stojiped where they were. They invited
him to dismount and eat something with them,
wliieli he did, and the trade was made while he
was there. He afterward mounted his horse,
and rode off on a gallop as he had eomo, and
they started on thuii- journey. Tliey hail not
gone far, before they were ambushed by a crowd
of Indians, who rose out of the bushes in front
of them, and acted in a threatening manner,
their object being to take the horse from them,
as if they had stolen him. Just at that moment,
when they were deciding t<i light, and e\|)ected
to \,<- overpowered by the Indians, the man on
the horse again galloped uj) at full sjieed, and
seeing what was going on. aiul the angry atti-
tude of the Indians, said a few words to'them,
and tlijy cowered down at on"?, leaving them to
j)roceed on their journey. The question in Mr.
-lohnsoirs minil has always been. How came the
white man there at that opportune time? When
lie came to the Dalies, he left his team, and
walked alone to the cascades. The last two
days of his journey, he was without food, and
when he arrived, he was empty handed. He
secured em])loynient immediately, and then had
his supper. The next day he was asked what
he would want for wages, and ho replied, that
he Would take for a month, whatever they would
give, and they jiaid him sfiO; at the end of the
month, they raised his wages to ^loM a month.
He then engagcil in small spocnlatioiis, and
made some money, and purchased a half interest
ill the business. i{. S. l\'rkins was at work in
the same shop, who soon bought the other half,
and they were partners for ten years, when they
both sold out. Mr. -rohnson afterward bought
the whole business back, which he has continued
ever since, and which has grown to he on ! of
the largest wholesale and retail stores in the city.
Mr. Johnson has invested considerabiy in city
jiroperty. and lias built several brick stories,

besides which, he owns 3,u(ll) acres in Washing-
ton and Vam Hill counties, on which he is
breeding blooded stijck. Durhams and Here-
fords.

He was marriecl on August li-t. ISSii, to Miss
('ordelia St. (Mair. They hav(f had fourteen
children, of whom ten are living, all l)orri in
Portland. Two of his sons are on his farm.
The married daughters reside in Portland; and
one of the sons is in eastern Oregon, on a cattle
ranch.

Mr. Johnson has platted an adilition of twenty
acres to the city of Portland, and has named the
streets, and built a haiidsoine residence on the
property between between St. (Mair and Fort
streets, where he resides in the society of his
family. He is a Ivoyal Arch Mason, and in
politics is a llepubliean. His career is an
inspiration to the needy young man cA to-day.
as sliowin<t what can be accom|)lislied by a
person, who directs his attention steadily to
business and e.xert-" all his energies. Mr. John-
son owes much of his prosperity to his unwaver-
ing integrity, and uniformly courteoua manner,
which attr.'ictcd and held the public confidence,
aiul i)y means of which he has ac(|uired wealth
and that which is nuu-e \aluable. the esteem of
his fellow-(!itizens, and the alTectionate regard of
numerous friends.

-==$•>* -^

M|&^«S^#

*^=^

UlYLEit WOODWAUI), a prominent and
intlueiitinl citizen of Portland, both otH-
cially and tinancially. has sjieiit thirty
years of the best part of his life in this States
He is of Puritan ancestry, his ancestors having
emigrated from Kngland to the colony of ("on-
neeticut in the early history of the country.
These progenitors were Congregatioiiaiists, dea-
crins of the church, seleetmeu of the town,
preachers, doctors, lawyers, mechanics and farm-
ers. His grandfather, (Jideon Woodward, was
a brave and etlicient soldier in the colonial army
during the Kevoliitionary war. His father,
Krastus Woodward, was born in (Connecticut,
and reii'cd in New Hampshire. He married
Miss .Sarah (iilson, a native of Massachusetts,
also a descendant of the Pni'itans. Her father,
James (iilson, and hei' husband, our subject's
father, both fought in the war of 1812. They
settled at Portsmouth, New IIam|»sliire, and a
little later, removed to Hiirtbind, Winilsor

I •

niSTOItV OF nuEnoN.

851

county. Vcnnuiit, wliti'c tin;!]' sdii, Tylci' Wudd-
ward, was liurn (in Jiiniiiiry t*. l^iiiu. 'I'lifv later
inove<l to IdWft, where onr siilijcctt's father died
in lS7(). liis tnothei' snr\ ivinir liini I'onr ycarri.
They hail ten ciiiliiien, of uiioni five woiis and
two diinirhters are living, wlio arc scattered
tlironi;liout the Northwest.

Mr. Woodward was educated in the jiulijic
schools of Ilia native town and at the academies
at Kiniliall. Union and Meriden, New Hamp-
shire, and Thetford, Vermont. When he left
school he tauifjit for one term, and then, in
18()(). came to Marysville, California, where he
clerl<e<l for hia brother, (iideon AVoodward. in
the Western Hotel. In 1S(U he went to Wa?lioe.
;it the time of the oold e.xeitenu'Ut there. He
was for some months intei'ested in >awmilliiiM-
on the 'J'rnckee river, at the foot of the Sierra
Nevft(hi mountains. In the sjirinij; of lNr)2 he
sold out. cominif to ()i'e<.ion, speiuling the sum-
mer in that State, prospectinij and niininir near
the i'loi'ence mines, and also miiu'd foi' some
little time a' (Janon ( 'ity, nu'Ctinif with fair suc-
ceas. His largest find at one time was in the
placer mines, where Im discovered a piece wt'lj^li-
ing ahont three ounces, wliieli was worth at the
time >:»44:. He clerked for a year in a store at
the.Iohn Day mines, and then came to Umatilla,
where he was engagecl in freighting with pa(dv
mules, carrying freight to the nunes. He fol-
lowed this occupation for aliout a year and made
considerable money. In the spi'ing of 1864- he
purchased a stock of general merchandise and
miners' supplies, loadeil a pack ti'ain and started
for the Stinking Water mines in ^lontana. He
joine<l forces with a train in which L. II. Wake-
field was interested, and together they started on
their lonjj;, toilsome jmirney, whicli was beset
with many dangers as well. They took their
goods on mnle back fur a distance of 360 miles,
througli a wilil and mountainous country, 'i'hey
arrived at Hell (Jate in July, and started busi-
ness in a house built by John Grant, chief agent
of the liudaon's liay Company, near the present
site of Missoula. Here fm' four years they did
a "cry lucrati\e business, under the firm luiine
of Woodward. ( 'lenient ife Co. -Vt this time Mr.
('lenient sold his interest to the other partners,
the firm becoming Wooilward it Wakefield.
Most of their supplies were purchased in Port-
land, Mr. Woodward making frequent trips to
that city during the following si,\ years, and be-
coming well ac((nainted with the business men
of that day. Hesides inercliaiidising during this

per

he W!

'cd III st(irk-rai>inij am

1 fa

was remarkably .-iiccessfiil in all of these

several niiilei'

tak

inoa.

In I87(t he sold Ilia interests at Hell (iate, in-
tending to locate at i'oi'tland, feeling convinced
that a great future awaited this city. He started
on horseback with all the money he had accumu-
lated, amounting to about !SiiO.(R)ll. He re-trav-
erseil that >iime wild region of over i3()0 miles,
which was indeed a hazardous undertaking, in-
fested as the country was with lawless and des-
perate characters, (before he had proceeded far
he realized that he was followed by highwaymen,
who were watching for a convenient upporfunity
t(i rob him. Years of residenc among the
rough characters, who infested mining camps,
made him fully aware of the danger of his situ-
ation, and it became >iiii|ily a question of
endurance and strategy between liimgeltand his
pursuers, and it was only by the most constant
watclifulne.ss and his accurate knowledge of the
country that he was enabled to elude these vil-
lains and reach Spokane Falls in safety. Had he
been overtaken ho would have lost his money and
no doubt his life. On arriving at Portland he
detorniined to re- visit his old Eastern home,
which he did, again ri'tnrning to Portland, where
he lias since resided.

Here he immediately invested largely in city
projierty. becoiniug a member of the real-estate
tii'iii of i'arrish. Atkinson & Wooilward. His
operations were successful, although viewed by
niivnv at the lime as hazardous. He had unlim-
ited faith in the city's growth, and sustained his
judgment with money, reaping an abundant
harvest. He lias continued his investments in
real estate until ilii' present time, and is now
largely interested in city and snbui'ban projierty.
He has also become engaged in several enter-
prises which will be of value to tlie city. He
was one of the organizers of the '1 .'ans conti-
nental Street Hallway ("onipany, havin,;/ been for
several years its jiresident. He was a so one of
the instigators and promoters as well ii-- i-iock-
hohlers in the Walla Walla IJailroad. Besides
this he has been interested in other minor enter-
prises, but the street railway and his real estate
operations have absorbed most of his attention.

As instancing the marvelous growth and con-
sequent stimulation in prices, Mr. Wooilward
says that lands costing $50 an acfe have since
been sold for §2,000 an acre, and are now worth
still more. Mr. Woodward has contributed ma-
terially to the prosperity and rapid growth of the

8S.2

IirsTOUr Oh OliKOON.

u.^..

city, us lie was for gcvenil years [irt'sidciit mid
iiiiiimo;fi' III' the Sti'fcf liailuav (!iiiii|iHny, wliicli
lias liuilt ami is ikjw (jpuraliiiii; tiftv miles of ruad.
iiu'liidiiii^ city ami siilmi'Liaii. electric, steam and
lior.-e piiwer lines. lli> first cnin|iany lias heen
C(msi)lidiite(| with the Willamette Hridj^e ivail-
road ('iiiii|iaMv. nf which latter C(im|)aiiy he is
vice-|ire>i(lciit and director. The liiiildini^ of
the,-e lines lia~ had a most mai'velous elfeet on the
valuation of city [iroperty. deinoiistratiiii^ in their
wides|ii'ead infliiencu the \i^or and eneri^y of the
nndei'lyini.' power in the liraiii af the jiriiiie
tiiover and in.~tii;ator, who is indeed an honor to
liis old New Kni^land ancestry, as well as to his
friends in the new JSorthwest.

In 185(i Ml'. \Voodwar<l cast his first presi-
dential vote I'or (ieiieral John ('. Fremont, and
since then he has (irmly adhered to the ideas
advocated liy the IJe|)iililican party. While in
Montana he was almost the oid\ active liepnb-
lican in Mi>soula coiintv, and did much to keep
U|i the jiarty orfi'ainzation there. He served as
I'ostmaster at llell (iate, and wa> at that time,
perhaps, the only Kepiililican official in Montana
Territory. Since residino; in I'ortland he has
served one term as County Conimiisioner, and
is now servino- his second term as a ineinher of
the City Council. While stron<; in his jiolitical
faith, and a zealous supporter of hi> party, he has
never heen an a>piraut toi- jiolitical office, haviiii^
a <lecidi'(l re|iuj^uance to the usual methods of
^ainiiii^' political powei'.

lie was married on Novemlicr 8, 1872, to .Miss
Mary J. Ross, a native of J'ortlaud. and daui^diter
of Sherry Koss. a pioneer of Oren-on. and the
ownei' of Ikoss island. 1 hey have one dauo;hter,
Mary Aunah.

^^^:^i^^,i<

^^i^i\.\A\\V L. TOXKV, another one of
|\\m1| the early pioucors of Oregon, and a
l^'"^?^ snccessf'ul fariaer of Yam Hill county,
dates his birth in Calloway connty, Missouri.
January 30, 1827.

< )f his ancestors he it recorded that the Toneys
oriifinated iu KualHud and were ainoiur the earlv
settlers of thi- Old Dominion, loc^atinir there
previous to the Revolution. Six of the Toiiey
brothers served under Washington in the Revo-
lutionary war. James Toney, the father of

William !>., was born in Virginia, in 1799. He
married A[iss I'atsey Thornton, a native of
Xortli ('arolina and a danohter of William
Thornton. They had three sons and twodaiioh-
ters, William beiiifj; the si^coiid child and oldest
son. Fou'- are now living. One of the brothers
is in ('alifornia and the other in Oregon.

The subject of oiir sketch was reared in Mis-
souri. When he was twenty he came across the
plains to Oregon with his father and family.
Tluf father, mother, all the ehildren and a
brotlier-inlaw, Owen I*. Turner. <'oinposed the
jiarty. They made the journey in safety, arriv-
ing liere in 184:7. The father took a (louation
claim of ('40 acres, located near Sheridan, and
the family moved to it in April of the following
year. I'\)r twenty ye;irs they resided on this
farm. Mr. Toney and his sons built a sawmill
and operated it several years. He was a typical
pioneer. After an industrious, honorable and
upright lif(! he passed away, in April, 18'Jl, aged
ninety-three years. His wife had died in the
year ■l8(i4.

In the fall of 1848. as soon as he was (dd
enough. William I,, purchased a claiai of ()40
acres, which was afterwards helil by himself
ami wife as a donation land claim. About this
time, the Indian war coining on, he enlisted un-
der Captain Burnett, and was instrumental in
helping to rout the Indians and stv. ;> their depre-
dations. I'pon his return, he settleil on his
claim, but the California gold fever soon broke
out and he was among tlie first to seek the
mines. He made the journey to California by
water, first mined on the American river, in the
spring of 18.jO went to the 'i'rinity river, and
was one of the discoverers of the .Salmon river
mining country. He was fairly successful and
returned with his gold to (Jrogon and to his
home near Sheridan.

In March. 18.jl. Mr. Toney married Miss
Klsie Carlisle, a native of Canada West and a
daughter of P. G. (Carlisle. They resided on the
(daim above referred to until 1863. The winter
of 18()3-'()4 (hey spent in ( 'alifornia. Returning
to Oregon, Mr. Toney established himself in a
meat market at McMinnville. where he d!d a
successful business in that lino for some time.
In 18f)7 he built the McMinnville Hotel. This
hotel lie conducted eight years, then spent five
years on his farm, improving and developing it,
and at the end of that time sold out. In 1877
he ag,iiii took up his abode in McMinnville. Fle
and his wife pnrcliased a four-acre block, the

UlsrOUY OF (HiSdON.

8ft8

firoiiinl uii wliiuli tliu courtlidiiBo now HtiuidH, iiml
two yi"""'* later l)()Ui:;lit 150 acres nortlnveat of
MaMirinville, On tliis last iiiiincil property he
Imilt a eomfortuhle residence, and hero lie haa
eontinned to rcfiide. He and liis wife have since
bniit three nicedwelli.inx, fronting on tiie coiirt-
iiouso block in MeMinnviiio, wliicli tliey rent.
Mr. ToMey is thoroughly identified witii the
intorostH of this place and lias lieen cuniiected
vvitli many ini[)iirtant enterpi'is(-8. lie joined
tile (traii;^e, toolv stock in its store and ware-
lionse, ami is one ot' its directors.

Mr. and Mrs. Toney have liad eleven children,
Bi.\ of whom died in infancy. The others are
Alihie .)., wife of !.,ewis (.larrison; Klsada, who
married Iienjaniin l!eman; Kiniiia li., who lie-
enine Mrs. S|)encer Foster; William, and
llerhcrt L.

For many years Mr. Toney has artiliated with
the Democratic party. He has served asaJns-
tiee of the I'eace. A man who has made his
own way in the world, workinir his way up liy
industry and good management, ho is justly
deserving of the success and reputation he lias
attained.

>ivt->><^^:t>^^

t ON.. JOHN WILSON, an e.x-memher of
the Legislature, and retired merchant of
I'ortland, Oregon, came to the State in
1850, and has by persistent, liotiorable ettort,
steadily risen to atfiuenci? and distinction. lie
is a native of county Lowtli, Ireland, whrre he
was born June 2('), 18"26. His ancestors emi-
grated from Scotland to Ireland in the latter
part of the seventeenth century. They were
Scotch Presbyterians of the highest integrity of
character. John was a popular name with
them, as it was given to ^Ir. Wilson's father
and grandfather as well as to himself. His
father married Miss Joyscclind Wynne. Her
people belonged to the old English pale. Her
ancestor, Iloliert Wynne, inlicrited a large
property, which was afterward lost to the family
on account of his having to pay large bonds for
a defaulting government official. Mr. Wilson's
parents had five children, of whom our subject
is the sole survivor.

He was educated in his native county, whence
on arriving at maturity he emigrated to Cali-

fornia, iirst going to the mines on Ihe Tuolumne
and SaiMamento rivers. He wa- •-lightly siie-
cesffnl. but not doing as well as he had antici
jiated, lie returned to San Frinieiseo, where he
did not find much to do, and worked for a time
as a common laliorer. He soon decided to try
Oregon, for which State he took pa^8age on the
bark Ann Smith, the fare being SIOO. They
arrived before the bar on the last night in the
year, and it was the oth of .laniiary beffjre they
reached their destination, the wiinl and stream
being against them, which rendered it ditficult
for thorn to come up. They accordingly landed
below Collin Kock. There w.is snow on the
ground, and they walked to Milton, where he
secured employinent in a sawmill for a year and
a half, iieing paid §4 a day. In June, 1S50,
he came to I'ortland for the purpose of pur-
chasing some clothes. ( »n returning to work he
was taken ' ick, and on recovering returned to
I'ortland, where he clerked in the general mer-
chandise store of T. II. Smith. While em-
ployed here he sold good-, delivered lumber to
ships and looked after the su\'. mill, making him-
self a useful man of all work. i'"rom here ho
went to clerk in St. Helens, from wIkmo he re-
turned to I'ortland in 18.'3, working in the
metropoli- for Mr. Dryer, in the office of the
Oregoniiin, where he made bills, kept books and
made collections in the interior of the State.
This was during the |)rimitive history of Port-
land, which was then a small village. He
boarded with his emjiloyer. Mr. Dryer. His
next permanent employment was with tlie firm
of Allen & Lewis, where he remained froi.i
1854 to 1856, being part of the time their only
clerk. In 185(5 he made his lirot venture in
business on his own account, by buying the
general merchatidise business of Robert and
Finley McLeani, which enterprise he continued
until 1858. Mr. Wakefield then became his
[lartner, and the firm of Wilson & Wakefield
rented and occupied the first store ever built on
First street, where they continued to do a suc-
cessful business until 1859. At this time Mr
Wilson in a sense retired from the business,
going iJii an e.xtended trip to the Fast. On his
return he bought Mr. AVaketield out. continuing
in it alone. In 1870 he built the first store on
Third street, south of Morrison, and put in a
large stock of goods. In 1872 lie built a double
store on the same street, one block north of the
old one, and moved his stock into it, remaining
there until 1878. He then sold out to Messri*

■'f;?f!i'"f!7P'

pi
It

i»(i

? J

ai4

JltsTiiUy iiF nituddX.

Oltlx ifc Kiiif^, who Mtill oontiiniu the hiixinuoe.
Air. Olds IiikI lifcii with liiiii I'nirn ii Imy, us it
cloi'k. Their firm i« uiie of liit" iim.-t |ii'i)S|)C'r-
iiiiii ill the eity. Al'ti'r selling out. Mr. Wilcdii
retii'tMJ t'roiii iiiereiintile [im'Biiitt*, (Ics'dtiiig liif
iitteiitiiiii sine'! then tn hirt |)iiipoi'ty interests,
lie liiiilt. ill IHHS, the Iloltoii lldUiie, and in
ISKl erected iine of the finest hiiildin^s in tiie
city, fur 11 store, whieli lias tiic inost iiii(iiie mid
lirtistic front in the eity, and wliieh is |)rovided
with all niodern iiiiproveiiieiits, lieiiii; an oriia-
iiiciit to the city and a credit to the nisiiiuss
enterjirise of its instigator. He was el'Jcted,
in 1880, to the position of Director o. i-Sehool
Dihtriet .No. 1. It wasdiiriiii; his term that the
i'orlland High Seliool was built, the iie,«t school
liiiildiiif^ on the coast, a lastini; heiietit to the
city ami a nioniinient to the hoard which caused
its erection. His services as a school otlicer
were hiijlilv creilitahle to him. Imt owinn to the
lack of appreciation of soine he resigned, de-
clining^ to serve longer in so thankless a posi-
tion. Since then he has heen eiiifnged in col-
lecting a valiialile lihraiy. already huviiif^ over
(*),()Oll volumes (d' choice Iwoks. id cinineiit au-
thors and thinkers in literature and science.

He was married in 1851*, to Miss Rose l!ar-
tholoniew, a native of ( )hio. Their happy mar-
ried life was, however, brief, for in the course
of a few inonflis his wife died. In 18lil he
married Miss Kli/.abeth Thoin|i6oii I'arker, a
native of Michigan. They have live children;
.lohn I'.; Eliila J., now the wife of Mr. Will-
iam !/. dones; Kobert W.; Alice M., wife of
Mr. Edward (iiswell; and (Jeorgc W.

Mr. Wilson has been a Itepiiblicaii in politics
ever since the organization of the ]>arty, but in
local matters is independent. He was, in 1887,
elected by his party a member of the State
l.egislature. He was on eight or nine coniinit-
tecs. doing etlicient work in all. He had cliari'e
of a number of important iiills, among which
was a bill providing lor kiiuit.'r).'arten deputii's
in tile public schools; a Ijill proiiibiting the sale
of tobacco and opium to minors; and a bill to
enable the railroad company to build a slnel
bridge; and also a riparian bill, -all of which
were passed.

He was raiseil a I'resbyterian, iukI has always
paid for a pew in the First I'resbyterian Cliiirch,
but has lapsed from their orthodox views, and
as a result of the thought and study he has ile-
voted to the subject, may now be classed as an
agnostic.

This is but an oiitliiiu of the full, complete
life of this Worthy citi/cn (d' this metropolis of
the .Northwest. < M' liberal views, high moral
idiaracter and superior inlidlect, combined with
the strength of his convictions, he has advancecl
the interests and welfare of the commiimy,
bidng an able factor in the development of the
metroindis and his State.

fAUKKK FAUNSWOUTH MOllKV. pies
ident of the I'ortland Geiierai Electric
('ompany of I'ortlaml, Oregon, is a native
of the State of iMaiiie. boriiat Calais on the ll'tli
of October, 1S17. His fatlu'r, ( mIlsoii E. Morcy.
was also a native df .Maine. The foiiiui •< o'
the family in this country, who were of Engli-h
and Scotcdi ancestry, were early settlers of tiie
colonies and were active participants in the his-
tory (d' the cimntiy. Mr. Morey's t'athcr mar-
ried Miss .\bi Fainswortli. a iiati\(' of his nwii
State. They had seven children and .Mr. .Morey
was the tilth (d' the family. He received his
education in his native State, and at an early
aoe be^rau to learn the trade of a machinist. He
worked first in Ihingor then in Portland, Maine,
and later in I'oston. Massachusetts, until he
had h'arne<l the machinist trade, and had be-
come a good, practical nundiaiiical engineer.
In IStid he went to C)alifornia and settled at
I'lacerville. El Dorado county, where he re-
mained four years. During that time he was
engaged mostly in nicchaiiical engineering. Ho
then removed to Sacramento and was employed
in the niaehino shops of the Central I'acitic
Railroad Company. He made a miniber of
useful inventions and removed to Chicago to
engage in their manufacture. In 187<') he sold
out liis interest in the jiatents and returiutd to
California. He made his home at Oakland, and
went into the employ of H. 1'. (iregory & Co.,
dealers in machinery.

He came to I'ortland on biisiiicss for his
firm and while in this city he made a contract
to puv in a hydraulic-ram elevator. I'revioiis
unsuccessful attempts had bi-en made to put in
such ail (devator, but beds of gravel below the
surface had rendered the attempts futile and a
large amount of money had been expended. Mr.
Morev successfully overcame the difScnlty.
Seeing that I'ortland was not supplied with
elevators, and that he would be successful in

niHTOIiV UF OliHOON.

8.')5

timt liiiHint'Srt, lie orgnnizt'il tliu I'urtliind Hy-
(Iniulic Klcvator ('oin|iiiiiy, tnr flie |)III'|m)hu of
nu])[)lyiMg mill iipuratiiii^ tVuijflit clovatorH. Sinci!
tl)t' orifiiiiizuticin of tiie coriipaiiy lu^ lias liccii \\>
iniiiiBf^er and |)rt'wi(l('iit, ami tin; nll(•('«•^a of tlji^
cntiMpriHc is due to liih* iiiHiiagt'iiu'iit. Tin'
('oiiipaiiy now inaki's atid uses a iicrlect liy
dranlic telffcopo ram elevator, iiii iiiveiitioii of
Mr. Morey.

Ill 1HS5 Mr. .Morey dovjged a itioHt practical
and etlicient plan tor Fiipplying the city of
Portland with water from iiiilj Run river,
thirty miles east of Portland. I'oi- years I'ort-
land had heen supplied with an inferior (|iiality
of water ami in iinguflicient ()iiaMtitics. The
plan of Mr. Morey's ami a contract which was
authorized hy the city were ultimately defeated
liy injunctions issued hy the water coniiiany
whiidi tlu^n supplied Portland with water, ami
hy adverse lej^islation, by which a water vxnn-
mission was created for tlu; city of Porthind.
He has the satisfaction in this year (18!»)5| of"
seeing his j)hin carried out hy the city id' Port-
land at a cost of S'^,5()0,000. Although this
plan of his was a source of great pecuniary loss
to Nfr. Morey, the hringing of water from the
Hull Hun river to the city of Porthind is an en-
during monument to his toresin;ht, energy and
enterprise, and l>y which I'ortlaml will Ix; sup-
plied for years with the purest mountain water,
which is never discol > d nor muddy, the Pull
Run river havini^ suflir • "■ water to ahundantly
supply a city of over 5(iO,(H)0, inliahitants.

In 1883 Mr. Morey with others organized
the I'liitcd .States Electric l.igliting and Power
Company of Portland, Oregon, and with his
characteristic energy he made it successful. He
made it successful under the most adverse cir-
cumstances. He had the tbresiiflit to helieve in
the great future of electricity for lighting and
power purposes; and no matter wdio became
discourageci ho nev(>r lost confidence. He suc-
ceeded and his company soon liecameoiic of the
best paying dividend corporations for its capital
in the State. However he saw that its success
could not be continuous with the great Willam-
ette falls, with its enormous water power,
distant only twelve miles from Portland. Mak-
ing rather than finding his opportunity ho suc-
ceeded in con.solidating the business of the
Electric Lighting and Power Company with the
business of the company and syndicate then
owning the Willamette falls. A new company
was formed, the Willamette Falln Electric

(JoinpRtiy, to transact the coiisididafcd buHincHs
anil to own and develop the water power at the
Willamette falls. lie was at once made mana-
ger of this new company ami on thi^ death of
the first president he was elected to till the
iiresident's place, and continutMl iire^ident dur-
ing th(! i!\isteiici' of that company. 'I'lii! Williiiii-
ette Palls Klectric Com|)any furniBlied the
electricuty for lighting all putilic and nearly all
[)rivate lights used in I'ortlaml. It cmitrolled
all the immense water power of the Willamette
falls at Oregon ('ity. For several years the
Willamette T'lills tllectric Company was siicess-
fiilly conducted ui... >r Mr. Morey's muiiiigonient,
but lie wii^ iinahle to operate it on the plan
which its immense resources rei|uirei| by reason
of lack of necessary capital to use in its busi-
ness. Its capital stock fully paid was ^l,'.i5(),-
000. In 18!I2, immediately after the consolida-
tion of the Thomson Houston and Hilismi (ien-
eral Hlectric ('oinpauies into a new coriioration,
the (ieneral Hlectric Com|)any of .New ^'ol•k,
Ml'. Mor"y siioceeded ill getting this new corpo-
ration iiiterested in the business of the Willam-
ette Falls Electric (Jompany. After long ne-
gotiations he succeeded in getting all the
stockholders of bis company and the (Tcneral
Electric Company to agree to his plan. A new
cor|ioration,- -the Poi'tlaml (ieneral Electric
(!onipany, — was organized, with a capital of
84.250,000, of which ^l.SoO.OfM) is preferred,
cumulative, eight per cent stock, own(,'d by the
former stockholders of the Willamette Falls
Electric Company. The balance of this capital
is fully paid common stock, mostly owned by
prominent cajiitalists and by the (ieneral Elec-
tric ('ompaiiy. The latter company purchased
•all the property, franchises and rights of the
Willamette Falls Electric ('ompany and the
AViUamotte Transportation and Locks Company,
which two companies owneii all the vvater power
of the Willamette falls and several thousand
acres of laud along the banks of the Willamette
I river at or below the falls suitable for factory
sites. As to the standing of the Portland (Jen
eral I^lectric Company it is sufHcient to say that
from its oiganizatioii it has paid its preferred
[ stockholders regular quarterly two per cent
i dividends out of the net earnings of the com-
, ])any. In 1892-93 nearly 82,000,000 was spent
I l)v the company in developing its water power
and perfecting its plans for supplying water
j po\\er and electric power at tlie Willamette
] falls and electric power and lights at Portland,

nisnuir of orrook.

:*■■ . 5 ?f

Tlio stiitioii of the Willaiiictti' Falls Electric
Company at tlie falls was the larcjeBt. iiioBt pow-
ei'l'ul anil ln'St i'i|iiip|)eti in the ( nite I States;
the new station of the Portland General Kleetrie
Conipanv is superior to any other in the world.
It is iielieved that this new enterprise alone is
destined to do more for the city of Portland
thai! all other local enterprises conil)iMed. Its
wires annihilate distance and l)rin<i; 50, 001*
horse-power into the city of Portland, there to
be utilized for all purposes for which electricity
is now or may he used liereafter including, of
course, power and light. I'p to the present
time this is the crowning point of .Mr. Morey's
success. But he is not through yet. He is a
young man and even more renuirkable results,
it possible, may be expected of him in the future.

Mr. Morey has invested in city property and
has a handsome residence on South Second
street. As a result of his enterprise, although
not yet a man of remarkable wealth in the city
of Portland, still he is a man who in a smaller
and less wealthy community would be classed
as a man of wealth, as he is in Portland, a man
of affairs.

Politically he is a Repiiblicar and wae eleiited
by his i)arty, in 1891 to. and represenrtd Mnlt-
nomah countv. in the .State Legislature.

.Mthough Mr. Morey is not one of the oldest,
still for the time he has lived here, he has been
one of the most successful citizeur, of Portland.
Of course it re(]uires money to ctirrj i)Ut such
projects- as his, but it rc(|nire'i ,i maw of Mr.
MorevV type to make capitalists believe in and
invest such projects. Such foresight, energy,
enterprise and qualities as he has, combined
with money, are the factors which move the
worlil.

— t^

,^.0X. PETKU PAQUKT, .if < >re,iron City,
hm\ one of the ( tregon jiioneers .if IS52, was
-^^ born in St. Louis, .lannary f^I. 18iJ!i. lie
is of Prencli ancestry, and his fnrefathers, on
his father's . ide, came to America at a very
early day ami settled in Canada, near the city
of (jnebec. Here his father, Francis X. Paipiet,
was born, .lannary 1."). 1811, ami was married
in the citv of St. Lii.iis, .Missoun. .lannary 12,
183t), to Sli>-r- Marie Lmiise Lanadier de Lang-
deau. Shewn.- burn in St. Loui> .1 uly 7. 1818,
and was a descendiini of one of the earliest
French families in tliis country. They have

been in this country previous to the acquirement
of the IS'orthwest Territory by the United States,
and her great-grandfather, .lean Baptiste de
Tnga, receivi'il land from the French (iovern-
meiit where the town of Vinceimes, Indiana,
HOW stands. He settleii on it and had it platted
according to the act of Congress, and the t'liited
k. fates confirmed his title to the property by an
.\ct I if Congress. He was killed there by the
Indians, aiwl the family, being driven away,
went to St. Louis, wliich then was the only
settlfinent of importance west of the .Mississippi.
Previoii.s to his marriage onr subject's father
had l)een in the employ of the .Vmerican Fur
Company, and in 1828 lived at the post where
Chicago now stands. .Vt that jiost there were
then three .--mall log houses, one storehouse and
a few men Wild sawed liiiiiber with whipsaws,
with which they made batteaus and staves for
five-gaJloii whisky kejiB. These kegs were
tilleii with alcohol, and wlien they reached their
destination whisky was made by addino- sixteen
jiaits of water.

On his expedition with the fur company, .Mr.
Pa(|uet left Mackinaw and went to I'lairie dii
Chien in the fall of 1828, going by way of
(ireeii bay and up Fox river to Fort Winne-
bag<i. They made jiortagi' to the Wisconsin
river, going down it 180 miles and theti up the
Mississippi nine miles, being three nionths on
the journey through an almost nnkiiown region.
Here they spent three months making boats
and repairing wagons, and in 1829 he made the
trip with t'nr> to .\rackina\v. and continued in
this business until the spring of 1832. He
then left Prairie dn Chien ami went to (ialeiia.
where he worked in the lead mines until the
fall of 1835. when he went to St. Louis and
was engaged in boatbuilding until 1852.

Mr. Pa(]net had jierformed his duty in atwist-
ing in the supin'ession of the Indian depreda-
tions. The tir>t massacre took place on Rock
river, when sixty l'alnilie^ were killed by the
savages. Mr. Paqiiet was in the Mates Com-
pany anil went to Fort Lake with them, and
there the partv stopped until (iener.d Scott and
(ieneral 1 )odge arrived. They then all — that is,
voliinteei's and regulars — followed the Indians
to l>ad .Vxe rivrr. where they surrounded the
Indians, and I'lack Hawk and twenty of his
varriors escaped by swimming the Mississijipi
river. Thev were afterward overtaken by a
liand of Sioux Indians and captured during this
campaign.

.■«-«llW'T**-'-«

HISTOHY OF OREGON.

857

Mr. Pufjuet was sent by (Joiienil Doduo with
(lispatcliCK t(i Geneial Scott, a distance of 2()0
miles, and the last day of the journey tlie rain
came down iti torrents, and wlien ^[r. Pa(|iiet
arrived lie was so drenched tliat (General Scott
felt coin|)as8ion for the trusty messenger and
insisted upon his donning a suit of lii> own
clothes. As (ioneral Scott was a very large
man and l'a(iuot a short man, the clotiies did
not tit, hut he wore them until his own dried.
In 1852, with his wife a'ld family, lie crossed
the |)lain8 to Oregon. The children were Mary
Delema. Peter. Jose|)h. John F., Louis and
Emma .\daline. Elizabeth died in St. Louis in
infancy. (4et)rge Washington was iiorn at
Willow Creek, Oregon, September 22, 1852;
and also in Oregon were born, Francis X., Jr.,
Edward, Oliver L. and Ida. but all of this latter
family are dead txcejit ont'. Those now living
are: Peter, Joseph, Louis and Oliver L.

The family arrived at the Dalles September
22. and on October 10 they reached Portland,
where they wintered, and about the last day of
May. 1853, moved to Caneniah, and in A\igust.
185+, purchased a right to a donation claim
three miles south of Oregon City, where they
resided utitil 1863, wlien they removed to Can-
eniah. In 1865 they moved toStringtown and
in 1876 Went to Oak (vrovo in eastern Oregon.
l)utin 1891 came to East Portland, where botli
Mr. and Mrs. Paffnet now reside. She has
reached the age of seventy-live years, and he is
in his eighty-second year, both (piite hale yet
and are among the most worthy of Oregon
pioneers.

Our subject, Peter Paipiet, was tlie secoml
child and the tirst son o*' the pioneers above
iiientioncd. He was thirteen years of age when
they started for Oregon, and on the journey lie
drove stock and a team ami took liis turn at
standing guard likt' a man. After arrival hero
he learned the trade of boat-b\iilder with his
father, lie iiad been sent to school in St. Louis
and attended the public scliools in Oregon
wherever the settlenieiit of the family hajipened
to be. When he reached his majority he en-
aaiied in boat-buildinur, and as ijeneral coii-
tractor and builder.

The marriage of our i-ubject took place Sep-
tember 0, 1871, to Miss Sarah E. Hamilton, a
native of Illinois, anil a daughter of John and
Jane (Sheplierd) Ilauiilton. Mr. and Mrs.
Paijuel have three childiun: Louisa J.. Flor-
ence C. and \ ictor H. .Mr. Paipiet is a meiib

her of the Masonic fraternity and is a Past
Master of Multnomah Lodge, No. 1, and has
served in other otKces in the order. In politics
he is a reliable Kepublican, and has served three
terms in the State Legislature as follows: 1870,
1888, and 1800. He has served nine term> as
a member of the City Council of Oregon City,
and has also been its Mayor. Among other
positions of responsibility may be mentioned
that he served as president of the Pxjard of
Delegates of the Oregon City P'ire Department.
During the last term in the Legislature he was
Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means
and was a prominent candidate for Speaker of
the House, and as Chaii'inan of the Coiiimitteo
on Ways and Means made a record never ex-
celled liy any person in that capacity. On the
4th day of February, 1892. Mr. l''a(iuet was
appointed by President Harrison. Receiver of
Public Moneys at Oi'egon City, Oregon. He
was confirmed by the United States Senate on
the 8th, and his coinmission signed by tlie
President on the 11th day of February, 1892.
On the 14th day of .\pril, 1892. betook posses-
sion of the office, in which position he is now-
serving.

Mr. Paquet is a man of considerable ability,
of much general information, is generally con-
sulted about legislation and public measures,
and his opinions carry much weight. Uni-
formly courteous in matters of business, he is
very jiopular in the community in which he
lives and in every part of the State in which he
is known. Few men in Oregon have the excel-
lent reputation of Hon. Peter Paipiet, of Oregon
City.

-^^^Pt^ftXM-^i^

I L L I A M C. X O O N. a well-known
manufacturer and business nian of Port-
land, was born in Leicester, England,
.Vugust 25, 1836. In 1846 he came with his
jiarents to Andover. Massachusetts, where he
attended school until thirteen years of age. He
then commenced working in a woolen mill in
Andover, and later, continued in business at
Lawrence and Worcester of that State, and
afterward in Maine, until in time he ac{|uired a
thorough and exhaustive knowledge of thebusi.
ness. In 1857 the financial depi'cssion became
so great in the East, that ino^t of the woolen
mills were closed, and nearly all of the weavers

858

nr STORY <iF oiiBonN.

wt'i'o thrown out of eiiiplnjiiu'iit. In eoiise-
([ueMce iriiiiiy tiinii'd tlu'ir jittuurioii to otlmr
fields, aiiioiiif wliom was our subject, wlio con-
cludi'd to try Ids fortune in the ijohl tiuhls of
Gidit'ornirt. liie El Dorado r)l' tlie \\(irld. Ac-
cordiui^lv. in tlio spi'ing of IS.'iS, lie einbai'lvcd
on th(^ voyai;;^, via tiu- Isthmus of Panama, ar-
riving in Caiiforniii in tlie gprinij; of that year.
For tliree years In- was eiiirajji'd in nniung an(l
rancluii!^ on thi- American rivei'. He hatl, liy
much care and toil, accumulated in three years,
a larire herd of cattle, which were entirely de-
stroyed by the flood of 18t51, swee|iin<2: away iu
one tei'rible disaster, not only the result of years
of t(jil. but his hoj)e> of a start foi' the future.
His sole aim then was to secure money enougii
to (jet away with, which, when he had secured it,
he Used to nay hi^ way to ()ree;on. arrivinir In
J'ortland in February. 1S03. lie soon olitaiiu'd
employment at the new woolen mills at Salem,
where he remained until the fail of 1863. when
he went to the Salnmn rivvr mines, where. IVii-
four sueeeedinu; winter seasons lie etiiragivl in
mining, \v<irkingin summers in the woolen mills
of Oi'egon City. In Isfil) he came to Portland,
where he entered thoemployment of .1. W. Co(d<.
who was a bag, tent and awning manufacturer.
This business was at that time conducted on a
very small scale, hut Mr. Noon realized from his
experience that if properly cunductod it nught,
in tiine. become a very great enter|)rise. .\ccord-
ingly, in 1873. acting upon his judgment in the
nnitter, he bought his eni|)loyer'8 interest, and
under hi.- able mainigeinent it has exceedt'd his
fondest hopes. He conducted it satisfactorily
for eleven years, when a com|)iiny was organ-
ized under the firm name of \V. ( '. Xoon it (jo.,
its gi'owtli having been unpi'ecedente(i. It is
the |)ioneer factory of its kind in t!ie State, and
its capacity now exceeils that of all other simi-
lar institutions in the Northwest. It einjiloys
seventy people, being eiplippeil with the best
and latest improved machinery. Their building
occupies the Corner of I'irstand C Btreets, being
three stories high with basenu'iit, which is en-
tirely used for t!ie matdnnery and facilities of
tbeii' great iriauufai'toi'V. Here, thev make from
the lightest summer oiled canvas to the heaviest
canvas, for the larger.t public gathering: ilso all
kinils of burlaps ami sacking, and sails (d' all
weights. Their business and fame have grown
from year to yeiii'. until they now have sale fur
their goods in .\la-ka. IJritish Columbia, Mon-
lana, I'lali, Idalnr. Washington and Oregon.

.Mr. .Noon is interested in everythingteniling
to build up and develop the resources of Port-
land, and lias on various occasions emphasized
this interest in a very substantial manner. Chief
among the enterprises which have received as-
sistance from him, may be lui'utioned the C-liam-
ber of ('omm<'i'ce, the Poi'tland Hotel and the
Methodist nnivi'rsity.

lie was married in IStiT, in Oregon ('ity, to
Miss Adeline (io(jd, a daughter of Dainel (tood,
a worthy pioneer of Oregon. Their happy mar-
ried life was of short duration, his wife dying
in lS7tl. They had two children: Julia' and
William C. 'Idie former is the wife of Mr. U.
S. Freennm, while the Son is with his father in
his business. In 1878 iMr. Xoon was again
nnirricd, this time to Miss Enulv Southard, a
native of Connecticut. They have had four
childi'en, three still surviving. Those living
are Viola, Ralph ami Alma E.

He is in politics a Ue|)iililican, though not a
p(ditioian or seeker of otlice. lie is a respected
membivr of the y\, O. IT. W.. to which he has
belonged foi' years. He is a consi^tent nu'mber
of the (irace Methodist ('hurcli, to the support
id' which he has materially contributed.

.Mr. Noon is a man of unpretentious uniniter,
of generous iiupidses, (d' untlagging industry
and unswerving integrity of character, deeply
interested in the welfare of his favorite city,
and devotedly attached to hif- family and friends.

f'Sl. SCUO(iGIN, of Sheridan, Oregon,
is one of the successful and [ironiinent
' farmers and business men of Vam Hill
count •. Without more thnn a passing notice
of him, a history of his county would be iii-
iplete. (
following
Carter Scrfiggiii, his father, was a native of
Tennessee, anil a descendant of early settlers of
that State, (trandfaiher Scroggin was born in
.North (Jarcdina, id' Scotch ancestry. He was a
soldier in the lie\olulionary war. Carter Scrog-
gin mai'ried Miss i'lnebe Shelby, a native of
North C'arolimi. and a (kvcendant of one of the
old Southern families Their ten children nil
grew up and had families of their own, and
seven of them are still living. In 1824 Mr.
and Mrs. Scroggin nnned to Illinois and settled
on what was iIumi the frontier id' civilization.
He was a successful farmer, and was also Urgely

complete. Of his life and ancestry we present
the following facts:

nrSTOKY OF OIWGON.

850

eiicfaifed in stock

using. Ill) liied on liis farm
in Illinois in ISTjT, aj^i'il sixty-tivc years. Ili.s
wile survived liim sixteen years, dyiny about the
ago of .seventy-two years.

Their son. I'leasant ^lui'ion Scr()2;;iii, witli
whose name we be<fin tlii-j article, was their
seventh chiUi. lie was liorn at his father's
home in Illinois, Janiniry 27, iSiiJJ. His boy-
hood days were not unlike those of other fann-
ers' sons — attendlnir tlie district schools in win-
ter, and workiiii; hard on the farm in summer.
When he started out in life on his own rcsjion-
sibility, he went to Iowa. There, in 1855. he
jinrcliiised 400 acres of Government land, and
be/^an in earnest to cultivate and develop it, and
t'le industrious habits with which he began his
career have characterized his whole life. In
l.S5t) he married Miss Sarah Howard, a native
of Tennessee. They re^ided on their farm in
Iowa nine years, and during that time had five
childi'cn.

In 18(54 Air. Scroggin and liis family came
across the ])lains to Orejron. They had live
yokes of oxen and eiglit horses, and the train
with wliich they traveled was composed of
thirty wagons. They left home on the 14th of
April, and arrived at Portland on the 2d of Oc-
u,l)er. The oidy trouble e.\j)erienced on this
journey wa> the loss of some of their stock. In
the fall of 1S()5 Air. Scrt)ggin came to his
present location, just south of Sheridan. Here
he purchased i34(l acres of choice farininjf land,
at .^7.50 per acre, it being a part of the old
doinition claim of C. 1!. Graves. With his
characteristic energy hv went to work on this
farm, and his well directed efforts have de-
veloped it into one of the finest farms in Yam
Hill (HUinty. from time to time he made ad-
ditional ])nrchase8. and now has about 1,(100
acres, nearly all in one body. Since he took up
his abode luM-e, many im])rovements and de-
velopments have been going on all around him.
The town of Sheridan has sprung up at his
side. The i.pid growth of this jiroiniBing town
has increased' the value of his adjacent lands,
!{(4()0 i)er acre being a low estiunile of their
value. His other land i> rated at $100 per acre.
Mr. Scroggin has notconlined his business abil-
ity to farming operations. Ho has a Houring-
inill lit Willamina, ami lie and his sons, Charles
ami Stephen, and Jacob Wortman, of MeMiun-
viUe, lia\<^ recently built and staited a bank in
Slicridan. Voy se\eral years Mr. Sirogjjin has
been engMged in money-lending,

Mr. Scroggin built the |)leasaiit home in
which he resides. It is locateil on an eminence
and commands a view of his own broad aci-es,
the town of Sheridan and the beautiful country
which 8urr<junds it. His family, besides the
t\vr> sons already named, is composed of tlu^ fol-
lowing inembers: Pb(elie I'lllen; Alice, wife of
(t. a. Kpj)erly; Ida Jane. Pleasant M., Jr.,
Thonnis Jefl'erson and May.

Politically. Mr. Scroggin is a Democrat. He
has rendered efficient service as County Com-
missiouBr.

Although now advanced in yeai's, and in
atflnent circumstances, the industrious habits of
his youth still cling to him, and he does as
much work as ever. His unceasing industry,
brought in contact with Oregon's rich soil, has
resulted in a prosperity which he has deservedly
achieved, and which it is hoped he may live
long to enjoy.

§().\.W. I). HAKE, a ])ublic-spirited and
highly esteemed citizen of Hillsboro, Ore-
gone, came to the Territory in l8o;5. His
fathci', Joseph Hare, was born in England,
coming to the United States about 1810, set-
tling in liarnesville, Ohio, and residing there
until he reach manhood. He married Miss
Ellen Davenport, a native of Winchester, Vir-
ginia, and the daughter of a prominent lawyer,
John Davenport. Mr. Davenport liberated and
colonized his slaves on a tract of land, which he
gave them in lielmont (iounty, Ohio, where lie
spent time and money giving them a start and
teaching them to be self-supporting. Tiieir
children's children reside there to-day, and
bless the memory of their ancestor's benefac-
tor. Miss Ellen Daven[)()rt was a daughter of
Captain Colson, who served in the Kevolntion-
ary war, who traces his ancestry back to the
early settlement of Connecticut, since when
they have actively jiarticipated in the wars and
history of their country. Mr. anil Mrs. Hare
had twelve children, eight of whom are living.
William Davenport Hare, the subject of our
sketch, was the second son of the fainiiy. He
was horn in West Virginia, on Septeiiiber 1,
18;]4, and was raised near Fairview, eastern
Ohio, where he resided until eighteen year- of
age. when he was employed b\ one .lau)es Ed-
wards, to drive an ox team across the iilains to

! lu

■I . I

S80

iirsroiiT nF ureqon.

thiri State. On ai'riviiig at his destination, lie
sfcni'od eniplovnient as a clerk in the store of
.1. I>. Fancie, of I'ortlaiid. lie also clerked for
Charles lliitchins, and later became purBcr of
the steamers Fashion and Mountain 15nck, ply-
ini^ between I'ortland and the (cascades, in
which latter capacity he continued until 1857.
He then came to Washington ('onnty. where he
received the ap|ioinlnient of Auditor and Clerk
of the County, serving satisfactorily in that ca-
pacity for six years.

At this time lie turned his attention to the
study of law, being admitted to the bar in 18G4-,
bej^inning his pra.'ice in llillsboro, where he
soon achieved eminence, liecoming a prominent
factor in the atl'airs of his count\- and State. In
1870 he was selected by his t'ellowcitinens to
,e])resr,nt them in the State Legislature, lie
was, in 1872, one of tiie electors on the (irant
ticket, making an eit'ective canvass of the State
for the liepnblican pai-ty. After a successful
election he was appointed by President Grant
Collector of Customs tor the First District of
Oregon, serving in iliat cajiacity for eiyht years,
as an efficient and honorable otticer.

He then moved to liis farm in Washington
county, three miles south of llillsboro. consist-
ing of 357 acres' of laud, which he has highly
improved with buildings and brought the laii<l
to a high state of cultivation, until it is now
one o" the most valuable farms of the county,
wJiicli is noted for its goo<l fai'ms.

In 1S84 he was elected to the State Senate,
of which body he became an active and inHiien-
tial member, working with ability for the best
interests of his constituents and the welfare of
his State, lie wiis prominently itlciititied with
the passage of the Holt bill, which asserted the
power of the State to control the railroads, thus
rendering his constituents and theeiitii'e people
of ( )regoii very valuable service. He has the
honor of having been one of the organizers of the
Republican j)arty in the State of Oregon, iiaving
made souiO of the first speeches in its favor, and
actively aiiled in its establishment in the State,
as well as firmly supporting and abetting the
existing (idvernn'tMit, at the time of the seces-
sio . movement, which sought to withdraw
Oregon from tlu^ Union. To him and other
Iwave patriots. (>regon owes her salvation from
the disgi'ace of secession. In appreciation of
liis services he has been twice a prominent can-
didate in their convention for (iovernor of the
Sliiti'. anil in 187fi lacked only one vote of ..e-

curing the nomination. In youth he was always
opposed to oppression, likewise in his more niu-
ture years he is the chain|)ion of the laboring
classes and producers, vigorously arraying him-
self against all monopolies, and those who would
coin money out of the blood of the enslaved.
To be otherwise would Oo to ignore his past life
and history. He was one of the organizers of
the llillsboro C!o-iipcrative Company, who have
built a bi'ick block, stocking it with merchan-
dise, and carrying on a lucrative business. He
was made the manager, in which capacity ho is
still serving, meanwhile continuing his law prac-
tice as well.

He was married in 1859, to Miss Henrietta
Schofield, a native of Clark county, Illinois.
They have had seven (diildren. six of whom
are living: Joseph, is a llillsboro business
man; Ellen teaches in the Portlanil schools;
Henrietta is the wife of (ieorge W. Morgan,
who is in the newspaper business in Portland;
Martha is married to (irant Mann; Ruth; and
William, a lad of ten years; Thomas S., died in
December 1890. of a bronchial atrection.

Mr. Hare designates himself as an independ-
ent Republican, as opposed to partisanship. He
is a Past Master ^lason, being Past (Jrand Mas-
ter of the State. He is also Past (irand Mas-
ter of the A. O. F. W. However !:o may be
styled !)y the dogmas and creeds of the day,
wliether secular or religious, his name will de-
scend to jwsterity as that of one who cliani-
pioned the cause of the weak and oppressed,
and opposed with unflinching determination the
machinations of the strong and tyrannical.

tKNMJY STAATS, one of Polk county's
most successful fanners, has the honor of
being one of Oregon's native sons, he
having been born in Polk county, January 18,
1850. \l'\> father, Isaac Staats. was born in
New York, of (iorman parents, and came to
Oregon in 1845, a young man without money
to |)usli his own way in the world, to make a
home in the lutautiful Willamette valley, and to
do wdiat ho could in his humble way to found a
State. Ho "builded better than he knew," for
to him we are indebted for aid in laying the
foundation of the groat commonwealth of Ore-
g(Ui. He crossed the plains with his brother
Steiihen, and took his donation claim on the

nrsTonr of oueqon.

8«1

Luekamutc. Here \w built liis lop cabin iiiid
lived on tlie "groiiiid tloor," witii 6-10 acres of
choice land iibout liiin, of wiiicli he was the
owner. Tlie Oregon pioneers were " monarchs
(if all (hey surveyed," but their land had no
money value, and they were without jiropor im-
plements to cultivate the soil with. Thev wej-e
hirgely sustained by their faith in the future.
Thej lived on faith and boiled wheat, and many
were the danjicrs and hardships that they were
obliged to pass tlirough. and from none of these
was Mr. Staats, Sr., exempt, but he was destined
to see brighter days. In lS4(i he married Miss
( )rlena Williams, a native of Tennessee, and
the daughter of Mr. .1. K. Williams, a |iioneer
of the game year as Mr. 8taats. Then the little
home of the young pioneer was made to smile
with the presence of (iod'> bc>t gift to man, a
good wife. They lived and loved and toiled to-
gether to improve the home and raise the means
of life. To tlieni came, as the years went by. a
nice family of seven children, all of whom are
living, save one, Isaac W., who died in his
eighteenth year. The others are all i-espectable
citizens, and resiile mostly in the vicinity where
they were born and reared. Their names are:
.lames M.; II. D., subject; J. (). (see history);
Clarence K.; Asa ('.; Mary I., married Mr.
Dalton. but is now n widow.

Mr. Staats' life in the new and undeveloped
country wa^ an upright and honorable one, and
for some twenty-five years he was honoreil by
his neighbors with th<' office of -lustice of the
J'eace. Jle also had the honor of being tiio first
Tostmaster appointed on the Luekamutc, under
tiie administration of James I'uchana i. lie
died in the sevenly-lifth year of his age. He
was a man of sterling moral chaiacter, and en
joyed the contideTice and esteem of all his neigh-
bors. Ilis wife survives him and is beloved by
all who know iier. She is in t'le s!.\tv-si.\th
year of her age. and resides with her son, Asa
C'., in .\irlie, where most of he 'children reside.

The pon, Henry D., was rea.'ed on the farm,
educated in the public sclioo', and began life
farming his father's land on shares. He con-
tinued in this business for six or seven years,
and he then purchased 200 acres of land, on
which he built, and which he improved by
luinest. well directed effort. He prospereil and
became abh> to add to his land, until he now has
4:71 acres of one of the best, and under his
nvmagcment one of the best paying farms in
I'olk county, a county noted for its many farms.

fi4

Mr. Staats was married February ^i, lS7i3. to
iliss Mary E. Zumwalt. She is a native of Oic-
gon, daughter of Mr. I-aac Znmwalt. a pioneer
of 1S4:7. Mr. and ^frs. Staats have two sons;
Irviu Tracy, now a gradmite of the State Nor-
mal School, imd a young man of great promise;
and Emmitt is still at home with bis parents.
Mr. Staats i.~ a wide-awake sp.'cessful farmer,
and his record is such as to 'ctlect credit upon
himself and the State in winch he was born.

fAMES STEEL, a prominent and successful
business man of Portland, Oregon. <loes not
belie his name; he is as true as steel, as
strong as steel, and as good au steel. He has
been in Oregon for thirty years, and is a native
of Woodstield, Monroe county, (Jhio, whore he
was born on Sejitember "^(t, 183f. His father,
William Steel, was a native of ScothiTid, who
came to the United States in 1818, and was
mari'ied in Barnesv ille, IJelmont coutity, Ohio,
to Miss Elizabeth Lawrey, a n.'itive of Virginia.
Most of his life was spent in Monroe county,
Ohio, where he w.'is en'raged iii mercantile
business; late in life, he catii: to Portland,
where he died in 1881. Tliey had ten children,
live of whom now survive. Our subject was
the second child in order of birth, and was
raised in Monroe county, where he remained
until he was twenty-one years of age. In 18c'i
he removed to Dubuque, Iowa, where lie clerked
until 18t)U. In 1802 lie arrived in Portland,
where he w<is for a time engaged in fi bakery
and grocery store. Si.\ weeks later, he ac^cepted
a clerkship in the grocery of Mr. Iv. Pitlock,
remaining there until Januai'y 1, 1864^, when he
becaUiO cashier .ind bookkeeper for Ilarker
lirothers. who had a large wholesale and re-
tnil dry -goods and grocery house. He re-
mained with them until January, 180(5, when
they sold out. He then went to Oregon City,
at the re(juest of the Oregon City Woolen Mills,
to straigiiten out their books and accounts,
which were in a bad condition, and also to sys-
tematize their ucconnts. Ho I'enuiined wi(h
(hem 'liree mondis and in the meai\time was
ottered the cashiership of the First Natioiuil
Bank of Portlr.Tid, on its organization, which
position he accepted, the bank ojiening its doors
for busiTicss on May 1, 180f'). He remained
with (his institvition for over si.xteen veii.rs,(lu)'-

nTSTOHY OF OHKOON

:'!!;,> i

iiig which time it grew I'ldiu .■-inall proportions
to he one of tlie hirgi'st I'literprises of its kind
in tlie city of I'drtijind, or on the Northwest
coast. In .Inlv. 18S"2, lie; resi^ni'il his |)osition,
in (irder to eniriii;e in Imsiness for iiiniseif. lie
liiid l<'iiscd ii iinnilicr of wiuvh(iiiM'> froui the
drt'giin li:iiiwii\' nnd Xiivijiati.m ('oiii]iitny,
vvliieh were lonated on tlio lainls of llie com-
pany, on tlie ea-<t and west sides of tiie Willam-
ette river. Tliis enterprise pmved nnprotitahle,
hecanse of the I'aihire of the railway company
to carry out its pi'omi>cs to him. and he i;a\ e
np his ieaso. In lSS;j the Willamette Savings
iJank was organized, and he accepted the presi-
dency of it. and in 1S85 the hank was consoli-
dated with the .Mcrciianls" Naticjiial Hank, with
a capital stock of §100,01)0, and ho was elected
president, and in 18II0 the cajiital stock was
increased to ;?l,l)O0.000. In January, 1891, Mr.
Steel declineil the presiilency lonjier, hecause
of hi>nuiny personal husines.snnitters, wdiichre-
(|nired his attention, hnt accepted the vice-presi-
dency, with the understanding that he was not
to give any time to the active hnsincss of the
hank, further than matters of consultation. He
and his hrothcr. (ieoi'ge A. Steel, in 1889,
formed the Metropolitan Ilailway CompiTiy,
and huilt the second street electric railroail,
which extends from (i street to |'"ultoii park,
and in 1891 extended it to the River View
cemetery. >onth of the city, making it ahout
si,\ miles in length. Mr. Steel is also inter-
ested, and half ownei. in the Oregon Pottery
CoinpaTiy. It was organized in 1884, in N'o-
vemlier. 1890. the works were consnmfd hy lire.
They have heen replaced hy a large and \alna.
hie plant, which is one of the liest in the coun
try, and which turns out larj^e ipiantities of
sewer pipe, lie has also started the Klamath
River Lumher and Imjjrovtruent Company in
Bonthern Oregon and northern California, for
the jMirpose of niannfactnrir)g lumher, which
is destined to be an extensive and paying enter-
prise.

On the 29th of .November, 18()(i, Mr. Steel
was married to Mary l.add, a native of New
Hampshire, the daughter of Dr. N. ti. Ladd.
They have fo\ir childi'en, all born in the city of
Portland. They are: Helen J., Carrie L..
James M., anil Mary Eva.

iMr. Steel has always been a IJe|)nblican. and
was a strong Uni(jn man. He has nevei' ca-
ce|)ted olticc, aside from having been school di-
rector of the city. At the last session of the

Legislature, a bill was passed for the improve-
ment of the Willamette river and the port of
I'ortlaiiil, so that ships of large size could navi-
gate the river. I>y this bill, ,i commission of
fifteen was formed, of which he was one, with
power to issne$oOO,000 in bonds, and levy an an-
nual tax for the comj)letion of the work. When
the commission organized, he was elected treas-
urer, and is still acting in that capacity.

In religions matters. Mi'. Steel has been an
active and useful member of the First Congre-
gational (Jhnrch, in the several capacities of
Deacon, Su|)erintendent of the Sunday-school
and Trustee and Treasurer of the society. He
aided in bnlkliug their present house of wor-
ship, in 1870, and is now assisting in the erec-
tion of their present handsome edifice, which is
to cost .^100,000.

llis jud;j;inent is often souirlit and hi^jhly val-
ued on all matters, both public and private,
and his whole life has been one of helpfulness
to his fellow-men, and of emulation to the ris-
ing generation.

fOHN (i. TONER, a well-known and enter-
jirising citizen, ot Spring Valley, I'olk
county, Oregon, was born in Missouri,
.Vjiril 8, 1822, and was the son of William
Toner, native of Pennsylvania. They sprang
from a family who were early settlers in that
State, and who claim a mixture of German and
Scotch lilood in their ancestry. Mr. Toner's
father married Matilda Greer, a native of Ken-
tucky, and they had four children.

John G. was reared in St. Louis, Missouri,
until ISl-l. when ho went to Illinois and en-
gaged as engineer on the river, making St.
Louis his lieadi|uarters. In 1852 he came to
Oregon, via Isthmus of Panama, and arrived in
Portland, December 7, 1852. Here he was en-
gajjed in engineering on the steamboats on the
Columbia and Willamette rivers, on the latter
as far up as Eugene City, and on the Colum-
bia as far as Astoria at one end. to the Cascades
at the other. During the thirty-eight years he
was in this business, he never met with an ac-
cident while in cliarge of the engines, although
he was on a boat when she sank on the Missouri,
and on one on the Willamette when this boat
also Haid<. In 187.") be retired from boatini;,
mid came to Spring Valley ami purchased 313

HISTOIIY OF O/iKOOX.

aores of lurid, and stranj^c to relate, the iiiiin
who had s])ciit his life on the watei' wttled
down into a sucfessi'nl farnicr. Ills farm is
sitnated on the west side of the Willamette, half
a mile ahove the vilhii^e of !,ineoln. Here he
has resided for the piist seventeen yeai's. Soon
after the |inr(diase of his land he lionifht a
thre>her, and dnrin<j; the threshini^ season ran it,
and he now owns one of the Hnest, improved
>teaiii-thre>hers, with all modern improvements,
in(dndine;a cook house, whei'e the meals for the
men are cooked. Mr. Toner has manaireil this
hraneh of the hnsiness very snceessfnlly, and
has threshed a larire portion of the ^rain in the
\alley for years.

He wa>'mai'ried. F.-LiiiaiT 22. LS4'J. to NFiss
^^al•y Saueinvein, a native of Gei'munv, who
came to the United States when a child.' They
ha\c had nine I'hildi'cii, three of whom ui'c liv-
ing, ijaniely: William M., now residing- ut
^ arjuina Bay; Fred i> a prominent yonnjf mer-
chant in Dalla>; and Carrie is at home; Jacol),
the eldest chihl was drowned at Portland, when
twenty-three yeai's of a^e; Fannie died of (|nick
consumption when in her nineteenth year; Lani'a
died of tvphoiil fever in hei' twenty-second year;
Frank died of typhoid fever in his ninth yesr;
and Ralph met his death hy smotheriiii;; in a liiii
of wheat at Lincoln, when ten years old.

^^r. and Mrs. Tonei- are meiiil)er> of the
Sprint \'alley I'resliyterian Chnrch. and Mr.
Toner i- a I)enioci'at in politics. lie and his
wife are worthy reprcsentati\-es of the Oreu-on
jiioneers.

'-^^^^^£^

fV.O. I.OWNSD.VLE.— The ancestors of
this well-kjiown and esteemed Oiecron
* pioneer, were among the early settlers of
Kentucky, and there his father. Daniel Lowns-
dale, was born and sidise(|nontly married Miss
Kuth Ovei'tield, of (ierman descent. She was a
native of the same cunntry as her hiishand.
Receiving a mercantile edncation, he located in
I'rinceton, Indiana and later removed to (ieor-
gia, Avhero he contiiuieil mercantile life until
IS-I'J, when, hy reason of Cailinji; health, he
Went to Kurope, retui'iiing in 1845, and joined
the tide of emii^ration, erossinir the plains to
Oregon, in whiidi country he arrived safely, after
m exceedingly lahorions journey. Coming
direct to I'vi'tland, he located on titO acre>.

whi(!h snlise(jnently hecame known as the Amos
N. King claim, lie thei-eon erected the lirst
tHnnery of the Northwest, and continued this
business until IS tS, when he sold out and pur-
chased of F. W. Pethygrove, his possessory right
to the Portland >eetion, of which he remained the
Sole owner until 1S40. when he sold one-half
interest to vStejihen Coflin. .Mr. Lownsdale then
established a small ti'a ling-po>r or store at the
little xillacre of Portland, which he continued
about one yeai', and then, becoming imbued with
the feeling that the site of Portland would be
the commercial center of the Northwest, he sold
his store and devoted all his time and enthu-
siasm to the advancement of the interests of the
town. In 1850 be built the Columbian Hotel
on the corner of Washington and Front streets,
at that time the finest hotel of the Northwest.
This was mamiged in Hrst-class style, but with
the growth of the town, it has passed away,
and its [ilaee i.s occupied by a more modern
brick structure.

CotKn (fc Lownsilale sold one-third iiiterest in
the Portland section to (3olonel W. W. Chap-
man, and dui'ing 18ol) a syndicate was organ-
ized which purchased the stininier (iold Hunter,
to run between Porthiud and San Francisco.
As a pioneer enterprise this was the means of
opening navigation between those two cities,
but through San Franeiseo capitalists getting a
controling interest, the vessel was diverted to
the southern coast, wluch resulteil in financial
loss to the Portland .-toekholders, and a litiua-
tion, which it took years to settle. Mr. Lowns-
dale was instrumental in laying out inucdiof the
city of J'ortland. and was foremost in every
public improvement, as establishing echool-
liouses and (diurches. Though suffering heavy
! financial loss, his taith in the city and her mag-
iiitieent future continued to the date of his
death, in 18i52.

.1. P. (). Lownsdale was born in Princeton,
Indianai January 1, 1S30, hut was in infancy
de])rived of a mother's watidifulness. Living
with bis father and two older sisters until seven
years old, he was taken by his uncle, F. T. Over-
field, to Fredericktcwn. Missouri, and there
passed his boyhood and securcil such an educa
tion as was ottered by the common schools and
the hicrh school. At the a<>;e of sixteen he re
turned to Princeton, and with another uncle
secured a good mercantile education, he being
extensively eniraaeil in ireneral tnercanti

th,

poiluce l)usiness.

It-

pack-
emaininf;

864

IirsroRY OF OllEGON.

Isiil

II »

f'il- J

until twenty oiii', lie tlicn ^tiiiluil for ()i'e:;iin
to join liig fatiii'i'. ioiiniuviiijf tlio iisiial way in
tliosu iliiys, iici'o.sH I'linimiii, aiiii iii'rivcMl in I'oi't-
liuui, wliiTc he fiilidwcil a iiu'rcantilc lite niilil
iSoiJ, when lie joiiu'il a party ori^'anizt'ij liy
IJiiani Siiiitli, to icliirii to the Ivist on iior.so-
l>ai!i<. across the jilains. lu- tliiMi rctnrnoi) to
I'rini'etoii, ami in i)artiu'r>iii|i with lii> iincli',
iL'siiiiU'd the niercaiiliie liii.-iiiois.

lie wa.- iniirrii'ij in 1S5I, to Miss Saraii U.
Milhurii, chiiiji;hter of Koiiert Milhnrn, a lcai.1-
ing imsino.-s man of I'rinci'ton. Ilu euntinnc<l
in '!iC iniMTantilc life until IXtU. wliun. owini^
to the failure of his father'^ health, he again
visited t>reo;oii, anil was there induced to return
t^^ IVinccton, ami close out his litisiiiess, and
make Tortland his future home. Durinif his
absence his father dieil, and returning to Port-
land, he took out letters of administration, and
passed several years in straightening out the
coujplexities of his father's estate, which he
finally aeeomi)lishe<l to the satisfaction of all
iiarties. lie then enoai^ed in the real-estate
l)usiiicss in which he has liecu i|uite active for
the past thii-tcen year.-, doing a general business
in city and acre property, and also in buililing
houses and residences. Jlr. and Mrs. Lowns-
dale have three chililren: Agues II., now Mrs.
fv M. Hall; Charles 1)., and .lohn Nf. Mr.
fiownsdale is in politics a Ue|iul)lican, and has
been honored hy his ])ai'ty with a position of
Commissioner on the County Hoard, and as
City ('ouncilman for several years. In luisi
tiess he is atl'able aud courtly, and dci'ply inter-
ested in the development of his adopted city
and State.

l.\MrF,L K. VOCXG, a repre.-entative
business niau and inllueutial citizen of
Albany. O rei.ro n, was boru in llolmesville,
Ilohnes coiinly, Ohio, in 183!^. His father
Isaac Vouujf, was a native of Tennessee, but ii,
boyhoiMl with his father's family, removeil to
(Miio, wlu're he learnecl and woi'ked at the trade>
of carpenter and millwright. He was married
in Ohio, to .Miss Keliecca Korris, a native of
New York State. In the year 1844. he removed
to Van linreii cnunty. Iowa, whei'c he continued
ineehanical work. In 185~, acroi .jianied by
hi.- wife and their two children, he turiic'l hi-

face in the direction of the setting sun, with
Oregon for his destination. Traxcling with o.\
teams, in a snudl train, their progress, consider-
ing the motive power, wa.- ra|)id; and their
journey, excepting the incidentul hardships of
ovei'land travel, was pleasant and comfortable.
.Vrrived by land as far as the I)alles, they cm-
barked on the Columbia river, landing in Port-
land, in November, 1IS52. They passed their
tir-t year on Tualitin Plains, from wlieri' they
went to lienton county, opposite Alba"y, where
Mr. Young purcliase<l 150 acres of lan<l, and
engaged in fanning until 18t)2. He then sohl
his jilace and renu)ved to the city of Alliany,
resuming carpentry, in which em|)loyment he
continueil until the time of his di^ath, in 1882,
aged si.\ty-se\en years. His widow still survives
at the age of seveuty-t'ight.

The subject of our sketch receiveil the greater
part of his schooling in Iowa, his education
liaving been principallv gained in the practical
ami active e\pei'ien<'es ot life. He crossed the
plain.- with his parent.-, locating with them in
I'eiiton county, where with the exception of
one yeiu' s])ent at school in Albauv, ami tw(j
years spent in Siskiyou county, California, min-
ing, he spent his time farming. From ls58 to
18(10 he was mining at French bar, on .Scott
river, in California, but did not make much
uu)ney. He began his mei-cautile life in 18()3,
as a clerk in the general merchandise store of
Demas Peach, of Albany, wlii're he renuiined
until iStif). He then enterel into partnership
with .lohn Parrows and L. K. Plain, under the
firm mime of •!. Harrows it Co., engaging in the
sale of geiu'ral merchandise and agricultural
im]ilements. Their store was opened in tlio
Hrst brick iuiihling ever erected in Albany, the
workmanship of Walter and .lohn .Mouteitli,
which was located on I'"irst street, between
Ferry and Washington streets. In 1873 ^fr.
Harrows I'etired. and the firm of Plain, Young
iV: Co., continued business untill8T5, when Mr.
Young purchased Mi'. Plain's interest, Novem-
ber y, 1882, he formed a partnership with p],
Fggert ami Waller E. Terrell, from which, how-
ever. Mr. Young retired three years later. He
remaiiu'd in the tatne locality iiutil the fall of
ISMI. when he removed to his own building, at
that time just completed, on the corner of First
and Proadalbin streets. This building is 4S^
X 1(13 feet, two story brick with stone basement.
Mr. Yo\ing then discoiitiuutM] the agricultural
implement department, c(uitiuuing with a full

iiffiTony of oRKnoN. -

81(5

.-•tuck 111' gunoriil iiu'rcliaiuli^e. 'I'lic >Iijc1< war-
(liviiied into (lepiii'tincrits. for the coiivt'iiit'iicc
(if cnstiiiner anu [ii'opiit'tor.

Tlie subject of uiir >kt't('li was inarrit'il in
Will county. Illinois, in 1871. to Miss XiKniii
Altliouse. 'I'liey imvc one cliilil, I'crcy A., who
is now at ('ollei;(( at Monniontli, Illinois.

.Mr. Young is a liepnlilican in jiolitics, Imt
is no otfici'-seeker. He is one of the incorpor-
ators of the First Natii^nal Hank of Albany, of
which he is vice-president. His life has been
devoted to Ids business interests, whieli Inive
been conducted on the high plane of honesty
and intej^rity, and his success is the reward of
concentrated cU'ort and ])ersistent application.

,^.y^^^

^AVII) ('. STEWART, a prominent citizen
of Forest (Jrove, Oregon, widely and fav-
orably known as one of those |)ionceis who
assisted in reclaiming the Northwest from its
primeval wildernefs, was born in Ohio, .S'ptein-
ber 7, 1840. Although many of his early (tom-
pters in this country have gone to their reward,
be(ineathing a rich legacy, secured by their la-
l)ors, to future generations, the subject of this
sketch is spared to reap the results of his own
energy and perseverance, and like an oak ti-ee.
which has bowed before the storms of winter,
now basks in the summer sunshine of prosperity.
lie comes of a family of |)ionecrs, his pater-
nal grandparents iniving been early settlers of
Newark, Licking county, Ohio, where his Ca-
tlier, nenjamin E. Stewart, was boi'u in 1815.
Benjamin learned the saddlers' trade in early
life and worked at that trade for a time, but
later was exclusively engaged in agricultural
jinrsuits, which he followed cncrgt'ticallv and
scientifically and was rewarded with success.
In I8;{(i he nnirried Nfiss Ann Orundiakei', an
intelligent lady of German |)arentage and a tui-
tive of the Keystone State. After mari-iagc, he
continut'cl for some years to reside in Ohio, un-
til, in<luced by rumors of the Oovernnient's lib-
eral doTiations of land to actual settlers of Ore-
gon. couj)led with favorable rejiorts of the
clinuite and agricultural advantages <if that
country, he determined to emigiati' to the great
Noi'thwest. Accordingly, with his wife and
four children, he turned his face toward the set-
ting sun, going by water to Inde|)endence,
Missouri, wbeiv he secured the usual outfit of

lli<; early emigrants, and in .\pi'il started on
the long journey across the plain>. behind the
swinging gait of their o\en. I'heir journey was
uneventful and accomplished in >afety. In the
niountiuns. near I'endleton. another son was
born, and owing to the ill health id' his family.
Mr. Stewait came near stopping jur the winter
at I >!•. Whitman's, a I'rotestant Nli^sion of east-
ern < )regon, but fortunately did not do so, as he
and his fannly wonlil in all jn'obabilit}' have
fallen victims to the terrible massacre b^- the
Indians, which occui'red soon afterward. 'J'hey
iiursiied theii' way, and in ( tctober arrived in
Yam Hill county, and shortly afterward settled
on a donation claim of (>ftl m'ws, in North Yam
Hill valley. Here ^^r. Stiiwart built a log
cabin, and with the few utensils and hou>ehold
goods they had br( ught with them, together
with a few sheep rnd four yoke of o.xen and
cows, tliey commem.'ed the life of Oregon pio-
neers. From this >Miall beginning, by energy
and perreverai.co, they aro...o to |iros]ierity and
suri'outided themselves with niapy of the com-
forts of life and had something to spare to those
less fortunate. Tliree children were added to
the family iti this Western home, all of whom
attained maturity and retlected credit on the
laud of their birth. On the call for volunteers
to del'end the State against the Indians, the fa-
ther tendered his services, and during the win-
ter of l^^.").") '.'■)l), took part in the Yakima Indian
war, under Captain A. I'. Ankeny and Colonel
Cornelius. In these days of abundance, it is
ditticult to realize the hardships endured by
thi'se early soldiers, who were only saved from
starvation by eating horse tlesh. On the e.\|)i-
ration of his term of service. Mr. Stewart re-
turned to his home on his claim, and continued
to reside there until his death in .\ugust, 1.S77,
in his sixty-second yeai'. He is remembered by
nuiny as a man of sterling traits of character,
(juiet and unassundng, of genial disposition,
whom to know was to respect and esteem. He
w.is a Republican in politics and a strong Union
num. at a time when these sentiments meant
sonu'thing more than words. He was an earn-
est member of the Methodist Church and led an
honest and exemplary ('hristian life. Mrs.
Stewart still survives, in the seventy-second
year of her age, and resides on the donation
claim, which she helped to reclaim from a wil-
derness. She is surrounded by her children
and friends and is passing in peace the evening
of an active iiud iiseful life, fjke her husband

8(1(1

iiisnuiY OF oitnaoN.

W\' i

she is n wortliy iiiL'iiil)cr of tlio Metlidiliht
Clmi-C'li, ami liUu liim. Iiii> always cxfinplitiiMl
its teacliiiii^s in iioi- iilV. 'I'iie tJDors of tiiuic
lidiiie lia\x' always lici'ii ojicii and their laliics
B|iri!ad i'or tiiosu in want. All hut two of their
(iliililrcn aro liviiiij: Minnia. the <il(l{',-l. is the
wife of Hon. l,e. l,aiij,'hliii, of North Vain Hill;
David C, the seeond in order of hirth. is the
subject of this sketcli; lOniin^rer is largely in-
terested in stoek-raisin-; ill (iraiit eoiinty.' Ore-
gon ; .lames Y.. liied ill his txwnty-nintii year,
leaviiio; a wife and two children; (irville ivMiles
ill Whitman eoiinty, Washiniiton ; Moiitgoinery
lives in North Vain Hill; frances A., married
.lolin Fox, and died in lur twenty-seveiitli year,
leaving a hushaiul and two eliildren; and Eva.
married to .1. II. .Stewart, resides with her
mother at Ncn-tli Yam Hill.

David C. Stewart, whofi' name heads this
hiogra|ihy, was only seven years of age at the
time his parents crossed the |ilain>. but even
then took his part in helpiiii; forward the jour-
ney, by driving the little (lock of sheep. His
early life in Oregon was pas>ed on the claim,
after which he attended school in Forest Grove,
where one of his teachers was the. well-known
])ionecr, Mr. D. C. I.atiirette. On arriving at
a suitable ai^e. he cni^aged jointly with his fa-
ther in farmiiio-. with whom he continued until
he was twenty-five year> of iige.

In ISfio he married Miss Mary I.ee. a nativi'
of Missouri, who came to Oregon in I'riTi'Z.
Her lather. Augustus Lee, was a native of Ver-
mont, and diei] of cholera o\\ the plains when
on ills w.ay to the Xiu'thwesl. His widow and
two of the three children \\\m accompanied her
oil that sad journey still survive. She is now
ill her eightieth year and resides in Forest
Grove, a worthy icpre.-eiilative of the |)ioneer
women of ( )re<i;oii.

After their marriage, Mr. , and .Mrs. Stewart
settle<l oil his land in North \am Hill valley,
where he engaged in farming and st(jck-raising,
which liii>ine» he has since successfully fid-
lowed. He was one of the lirst to import Hol-
stein cattle in the .State, and lia> since been East
several times to add to his original importatuui.
In ls8() he bought »!5(l acres of valuable land,
situated a inili' and a half southwest of Forest
(iidve, to which lie soon afterwaiHJ removed his
family. For the jiiirpoM' of educating his chil-
dren at the Pacific I'liiversity, he removed, in
Is'.IO, to Fore>t (irovc. where he had iirevionsly
bought lots and erected a coiiif(jrtable re-'deiice.

He still supi'rinteiids his farm, wliieh is one of
the best cultivated places in the county. Mr
and Mr>. Stewart have three children: Horace
D.. I.oring V., and Emma E., all of whom are
in collegi' in Forest (irove, taking the classical
Course, wliicli the two former will linisli with
the present school year, rolitically, Mr. Stew-
art is a stanch Iiepiiblican, a*^ his lather was be-
fore him. Keligioiisly. lie is a Free-thinker.
II.' is a Fast Ma'^er of the A. O. U. W. As a
husband, father, and citi/eii lie has over been
characterized by ability, energy and integrity,
and stands deserveilly high in the esteem of his
coiiimniiitv.

'>^;i^->><'-^;t:>^^^

fOIIN W. MEKEDITH emigrated to tlie
State of Oregon in 185)!, and (jcciipics a
„^ place among lier foremost citizens, lie is
aiiati\c()f New 'I'ork. born July ~7, ISiil, a
Son of Hugh Meredith, also a native of New-
York, whose ancestors crossed the sea to the
New World before the war of the lievoliition.
Iloniarried Miss Elizabeth Lewis of the State of
New ^'ork.and to tliein were born nine children,
eight of whom survive. .John W. received his
elemeiilaiy education in the common scliools,
and later was sent to Floy<l Academy. His first
business experience was in thi' cajiacity of clerk
in a general store, but as he grew older he de-
termined upon a professional life, and chose that
of medicine; he read under the direction of Dr.
(iellet. but. before he hail made great attain-
ment in the science, he shipped for the I'acitic
coast, coming \ ia the Isthmus, ,1 iily :iS, 1S.")3,
liearri\ed in I'ortland, a straiiirer, witlioiit means.
It was such situations that tested the metal of
ihe pionecM's. and brought itito jilay all their fa-
culties and i|uickened their wits. He wasobliged
to accept any work that came to his hand,
and foratimehe was engaged in rolling logs and
clearing land. He then mined for a year, meet-
ing with fair success. He invested the means
thus acciimnlateil in laud in jieiilon county. Ore-
gon, where he followed farming I'or two years;
at the expiration of that period he disposed of
the |)ro|)erty and went to California, where he
was ill the employ of the < io\eriiment for a
time. He next went on a prosjiecting trip to
Inyo county, which jiroxed a •• fool's errand."'

In ISIi-I be came to Salem and began a team-
ing and (baying business, which sonn assumed

tf/srniiv III-' oitunos

MX illl|ll>l'lilllCM' ill llu' ('(Plllll icilll cil'lll'S (if llic

|ilHCf; lit' foriiii'il II j)ai'tiieislii|) with <>. \(|llll|^,
Hiid tlioy CI inducted a r-iiccessriil liii>iiu'es I'nr
three yearn. Ayiiiii liis ohi desire for a i)i'iife>
liidiiiil liTe arnsc. and hi- ciitered the oflicc nf ii
dentist, and t'nr three years worked and studied
under tiie diirction (if a skilled 'i[i(Tator. Ifr
tlien ojicncd iii i-tHce, wiiich lie has ncciipicil
for twenty-till ee years; he lias met \vith f^nilify-
ing success, and if lie lias not t'lilly reiili/cd the
dream of his yoiitii. he has {woven a useful citi-
zen and an honor to his profession.

Mr. Meri'ilitli was married in 1850, to Miss
.Millie .\. .\dams, a native of Indiana and a
daufjlitcr of ('. Adams, who eniii;rated to • )rc-
^ron in 18r)2; he died in .Inly, WM. Mr. and
.N[rs. Afcirdiui are the parent- f two ehililreii,
Frank and .lennetfe; the son i- i hookkeeper in
the liank of WilliaiiisiVt Kni^laiid. nnd tln' dau;4h-
ter is a steii'ic^rrapher in the Slate Insurance
office. Wr. .Nfcrcdith is a I'ast Master of tin
A. (). U. W., and is a ^^a8ter Mason. He wii~
the first Assessor of Josephine county in 185(>,
and hii- represented a Itepnliliean constituency
in the City (Council of Salem. lie is a strong
advocate of teniperancf. and casts iiis siifl'racrc
with tlie Prohibition party. He isamemherof
the Methodist Episcopal tJhnrcii, and is a citizen
strictly reliatile and honoralile in all his deal-
ings. '

fKTKU lIAUPKUisonoof tivoof theoldest
coiit ill nous residents of Dilley. tiie otjiers
lieiiig Mr. Stephen I'lank, Dr. Marsh. Dr.
Bowlhy and Mr. Koliert M. Porter. Mr. Har-
per niadv his appearance on the scene of this nni-
nicipal'ty in 18tj5, since which time he has taki>n
a prominent part in its transactions, and licen
an interested observer of its growth and pros-
jterity.

He M'as born in (^onnersville, Indiana, Sep-
tember 18, 18){(i. His father. Martin Harper,
was a iiativ(> of Xashville, Tennessee, wliilc his
jrrandfather, Isaac Harper, was a native of Scot-
land, and a celebrated Presbyterian minister,
who caino to America soon after the Revolution-
ary war. locatinif at JJashville, Tennessee. He
later removed to Polk county, of the same State,
where he died in his ninetieth year, oreatly la-
mented by all who liad ever known him or iiad
heard of his jrood work, wiiich was pursued uii-
iiiterinittingly with all the zeal of an ardent

nature; until tiie time of iiis death, ili^ son,
till' father of our subject, was reared in Teiincs
bei'. and married Miss Mary liiirtoii, in i.exin;;
ton, K'entucky. She was horn in \'irgiiiia, and
was a <l:iiighter of Mr. William I'lirton, a highly
respected citizen of Lexington. Tiiey raised
eiiflit children, seven of whom are now livinir.
The lather died in SlicHv I'oiinty, Tennessee, in
l8o7, a^ed sixty-five years, his faithful wife sur-
viving until 1873, expiring in her sixty-ninth
year, amidst a host of sorrowing friends, to
wlioin she had endeared herself by the practice
of the highest (Jhristian virtues, licii;htened by
the proni|itin>;s of a naturally loving heart.

The subject of our sketch was the tifth child,
and was reardl in Indiana, where he received a
common school education. He commenced to
work at the shoemaker's trade on June 10, 1853,
in Paris llliiuiis, and remained there for live
years, working for his employer one year after
iiis time of apprenticeshii) had expired, .\ftcr
this, he followed his trade as a joiirneyiiiau in Il-
linois, Missouri and Kansas. In ISIJO he went
to Montana, where he mined a year, and then
crossed tlie plains to ( )iv:ron. There were five
in his party overland, and they had a very en joy-
able trip. Tliis party went from Colorado to
Montana, and from there they managed to camp
with large <'ompaiiies that were coining o\er.
The Indians were very hostile that year, and had
been known in some instances to kill whole
trains of emigrants, but this party fortunately
came through in safety. They came from Vir-
ginia City to Boise City, a distance of 500 mib's.
and from thereto ttie Dalles, another distance of
500 miles, and thence down tlie river trail to
Portlan ', ( )rciion.

He worked in .Vetoria, Oregon, for six weeks,
and comp'cled the year in Portland, ai icr which
he came to Forest (trove, where for ten years
he was the only slioemaker and repairer in the
place. His first shop was on the south side of
the Congregational Church, wliere he remained
for si.\ years. He then purcliased land on the
corner of Walnut and I'iiie streets, the property
measuring 2;! x 70 t'eet on Pine, and 4(i x ;J() feet
on Walnut street, paying .*!3"i;i for what could
not bo bought to-ilay for twice that amount.
Here he worked until 1877. when he removed
to his present location on Walnut street. He
has been a shoemaker for forty years, twenty-
seven of whicli have been spent in Forest Grove,
illnstratinu; what honest industry can accom-
plish, as he has purchased and paid for a farm of

808

HtsrORY OF OliKdON.

'\ .] \

100 acres, uotn|ii-i8in^ »oiin< of tliu clioii'eot ngri-

ciiltiirul liiMil in iliu uunntry, iiusiiluB uwiiiiig vitl-
iml)le city pr(i|i('i'ty,

Wit liavo tlirwo ri'iniifliiilile tliii)<^Hti) clironii'lu
iif liiiii, wliiirli liuvf iicvui', tliiit we know of, lieeii
coiiibinuci ill one pcrguii, tliiiH rendering liiiii
iiniiiue. Ill* liiis (ilistaincd from iimrryiiiij; liiii*
niu'er joincil any society, and lia« iii'vor lioii^lit
a ijlas.s of liijiior at any liar. Wc soiiictinif^
tind tlioso wiio have Hluimicd tiic latt'-r two, imt
ail (d' llit'sc JinM! BiicciiiiiiuMl to tiu' darts from
tlic iiriglit cyt's of Kvo's bewitcliiii^' daiii^litors,
and not to have done so iiiarl<s iiiiii a^ a man of
unusual strenjitii of (diaracter and jfrcat resistiiii;
powers.

Wlieii l)i!t eii;lit years of uurc he had the inis-
fortiine to in' bitten by a venomous snai<e, and
bcdcire a jihv>ieiaii could l)e |)ro('iirud. the poison
had spread throni;li his system, and it was be-
lieved to have caeeed the bone to iiave become
niii-oiind, because at a later date, he tell and
broke that Iccj, iiccessitatiiif^ its amputation. As
attestiiifj tlie extreme purity of his blood, im-
mediately attributable to his abstemious habits,
may lie ineiitioneil the fact of the wound having
healed in <(ne month's time alter the paiid'ul
amputation. A fact, which the attending phy-
sician. Dr. I'ailey.eoiisiilered uiipit"'eclfiited, and
eiitirelyowing totlie cause previously mentioned.

lie was an ardent admirer of Stephen .\.
Douglas, i.nd during his political career was a
Douglas lieiiiocrat, ami has ever since remained
loyal to Democracy's cause,

Mr. Ilaipcr intends to visit the ('(dumbiaii
Exposition in 1>>'J3, and the city of( 'hicago will
have at that time no more worthy reiireseiitutive
<d' American citi/.ensliip than the honorable pio-
ne»'r of I'orest Grove.

fOSKPII II. l.AMl'.KUT a prominent and
inlhiential citizen of the mefro|)olis of Ore-
- -^ gon, is a native of the State of Indiana,
where lie was born December 1, 1S25. II is
father. Hugh Nainbert, was a native of Ken-
tucky, the family being originally from Vir-
ginia. His father married Miss Nancy Mc-
C'laiii, a native of Scotland. They had seven
(diildren, three of whom now survive. Our
subject lioiiii; the fourth child.

He was raised on a farm, where he worked
hard, being sent to school three months each

winter. When h young man, he iH^gan work
for himself as a farm hand at ^Kl a iiioulh. In
l"^!? lie removed to Iowa, where, in company
widi two others, he engaged in sawmilling. it
was a iiorse-power mill. He was interested in
it for three ytars, making several liundred dol-
lars. .\t the end of this time he sold his in
tiM'est, and in 1850 came overland to ( >rei,'on,
leav ing Iowa on May 1. '\i\ coinpiiny with two
other men. I'liey had ti\e yoke of oxen and a
wagon. .Mr. Lambert owning one-fourth of the
outtit. Two others came with them as passen-
gers. Tiiey were some of the time with or-
ganized emigrant trains, but found it ditHcukto
agree, so Mr. Lambert said, " I will drive on.
if yon will follow." and he took the lead. Later,
they overtook emigrants with tlieir families and
a sick lady, who wanted tlieni to wait, so they
could be together In traveling down the Snake
river. This they did, getting through safely
with all the sti ak except one ox, arriving at
Fester's Se|iteml)er 14, 1H50.

One of .Sir. Lambert's tirst ventures was in
the niiiu's at Vrid<a, ('alifornia, >vhere he found
some gold, but, >ooii cimiing to the conclur-ion
that he was not a miner, returned to Oregon,
where he secured emjiloyment at (uitting logs
in Milwaukee. Afterward, he hired on; to tlie
surveyors, and helpeil to run the meridian lino
to I'ligct sound, through what was tluui a wild
an<l uninliabited reijion. After this, he returned
to Milwaukee, where lie secured employment by
the month in the sawmill, later being jiaid by
the thousand. Here he continued I'oi' a coiiiile
of years. He then found employment on the
fruit farm of Mr. .Meek, at ^.[ilwuukee, remain-
ing there until 1851.

He was at this time married to Miss Clemen-
tine Miller, a native of Indiana, and a dai.'gliter
of Henry Miller, who was a pi(uieer of 185i3.
Soon afterward he took a donation claim of
82*1 acres in the eastern part of Miiltno'iiali
county. Here he built the customary log
cabin of the pioneer, and worked the land lor
four years. He then returned to .Milwaukee,
where. 1859, in comjiany with his father-in-law,
he purchased the dtuiation claim ot Lewellan
and .Meek, which had on it one of the tirst oi'-
cliards ever planted in thi^ Slate. Mr. Lam-
bert set liinisei." about improving the pro|)ertv.
adding to the oriliard, until it contained sixty
acres, of all vari«!.ie8 of fruit which are grown
in Oregon, bein ; principally a[»ples. j)ears,
peaches, prunes a, d cherries. In 1870 he be-

msrollY OF DHKdOS.

m\)

ciiiiiit sulciiwiicr, itii<l it lii'ciiiiit! unt; of tlic iiciti!<l
fruit ftii'riiH of tlio Stiiti'. Soiiiu of the fruit
trt!L'« won! |iliintc(l in l8t-7, wliifli iiro htill
lliriviii^' mill li(!iiring. Mr. l.iiiniiL'rt (•(iii(luclfii
it with ciiiiiu'iit success, anil rcwidiMJ on it from
ls5',t until IS'JO. Ilert! fi},'iit ciiihlnMi of the
ten liorii to tlicin, wt'r(! reareil, viz.: Alhert \V..
Henry M.; Cnrric. wife of Mr. K. '.. K. Wliite:
.\lnry, wife of Mr. A. 15. (irnliani; Nellie,
Kli/.aheth, Lucy ami (irace. [ii 1S!)0 Mr,
Laniliert retired from the farm, purchasing a
couple of lots on the corner of Eleventh and
Miirket htrcctH, rortland, at a cost of Jfdl.dlll).
erecting thereon a handsoute and coininodioiis
residence, at a cost of SJSlo.OdO. Here, with the
wife of his youth, the sharer of his cares and
joys for thirty-six years, and his unmarried
daughters, he is eujoyinj^ the rest and comfort,
which is the reward of a loni^ lite ot' honest
and ]ierseverini^ eti'ort. He still owns his fruit
farm, which continues to engross much of his
attention. He has other husiness interests,
which employs much of his time, lieinj; presi-
dent of the Citizens" ISank of rortland, which
he iieljjed to organize, and of which lie is a
stockholder. He is also pn^siflent of the White
I'uhlishing Coinjiauy.

In politics, he is a Ue])ul)licaii, and was
elected hy that party to the otiice of County
Commissioner.

Of ipiiet, MPissHining habits, having a pecu-
liar aversioii to notoriety of any kind, he has.
])ur8ucd the '• even tenor of his way,"' not uu-
iioticetl or unknown, hut iin])roclaiined, secure
ill the commendation of his own searching con-
science, and solaced hy the affection of his
family and friends.

-<j-.'

m^mm*^'

:il.MAM C. TAVKKDALE, real-estate
dealer in Alhf.ny. has for a niimher of
years been identified with the business
interests of I, inn county, and is regarded as one
of the substantial men of this jilace.

Mr. Twcedale was born in .Vighbnith, near
Liverpool, England, in 1840. son of UiL-hard
and Mary \. (Redman) Twcedale. His father
was of Scotch-English anct'stry, and his mother
was of English descent, and was snpjiosed to be
directly related to Daniel Webster, uccoriliiur to
Mr. Webster's own statement. In the year.
lS4li. Mrs. M. A. Twcedale, in company of her

sou, William, emigrated from l,i\erpoi.|. I'.ng-
land, to Boston, Massachusetts, and utter living
there a short time went to Diixbuiy. wliei'c they
resided until ISllI, then retiii-ncd to Kiinluinl on
tlm vi^sM'l named Washinj^ton Irving, and made
the trip fnuri Hosrton to Liverpool , in eigh'ecn
day>, which was then con>ideri'(i a (piick trip.
They then went to liangor, Walc-i, wdiere they
lived abcjiit ten months, when tlujy again re-
turned to England, just a short time before
William and his father sailed for New ^'ork on
their way to Portland, Connecticut. It was
during the time they lived in l)uxliiiry that they
became aciiuainted with Daniel Webster, who
said at that time that he tlujught William
Webster, of Liverpool (Mrs. Tweedale's grand-
father), and himself were related. Richard
Twcedale was an exiiert stonemason. In 1852
he and his son, \\ illiain, in company with a
party of skilled workmen, came to America to
o])erate a stone (jiiarry in the vicinity of rort-
land, (Jounecticut. The following year he was
one of a c(Miipany of thirty-live ma uns, all
picked men. to go to the Isthmus of I'anama to
eniiaoe in bridire-buildinic ami other stone work.
The ravages of disease were so destriictivi! that
season that after seven months he and two com-
panions returned to the States — the only sur-
vivors of the party.

In 18.") I- he and his son William starteii for
California, making the journey via the Isthmus
of Panama and arriving safe in San Francisco
after a pretty rough triii. They proceeded at
once to '.irass Valley, Nevaila county, and en-
gaged in placer mining on Wolf creek. In
18.")7 they went to Michigan Mluff's, I'lacer
{'oiinty. and after mining there one year started
overland for Eraser river, liritish Columbia,
traveling on muleback to Portland and Seattle,
where the [larty was largely increased. .Vfter
crossing the Cascade mountains and tra'cling
nearly up t(^ lake Chelare, they learneil ihat a
thousaiul Indians were awaiting them tin I'e at
the lake to cut them off and preferrinii; lit'j to c.
possible massacre, they voteil to return t.) Port-
hiiid. The father went back to t!'e mines of
California, and afterward we'-.t to the Poise
mines, where he died in ISti;''. Williaiii, how-
ever, remained in Oregon. He was engaged in
blacksinithing for a time in Corvallis, and from
there moved to Albany, where he ran a very
extensive business for teveral years. About
l^fH ho sent to England for his motl.or, who
came via New York and the Isthmus route to

HtO

iii^iiiny (iF iii;/-:<;ii\.

•31

Siin I' rancist'(.). Tlicru hIic iMiiliiirkeii on llic
ill tilted BteaiiuT Hrotlier .loiiatliiiii, wliidi whs
wrcckeii iioiir (JnJHceiit Citv. oi'ly iiiiiftcoii of
licr ~50 iiiisst'iii.r(n's liciiii^ niivt'il, Ali's. TwecdalL-
bfiii^ oiiu of tile iininlii'i' roBcui'd. She wii^^ re-
tiiiiKMl to San Kraiicisco, wlit'i't' slie toi»k passa;j;e
oil tlu' Oi'izalia, and in due time landed safe at
I'oitland. Siie is now livino in Alliany, and is
sovi'iity-two years of ao*'.

In 1871 the t<nl)je('t of our sketch lMnio;ht a
^n'oeery and prov itiioii store of iJiihois it Afc-
(Jiilloni^h, in Alliany. which he ojierated until
ISTS, and then scdd ont to !'". M. Uedtieid- In
ISSOhe opened a f^tore for the Hide of sto\ es and
shelf hanlware and coniliieted a general phnnl>-
inir and e.oiitraetino hiisiness until January, 1888,
when on aecount of poor health he Kold a very
Bueeessful liusiness to Smith & Washliuru. and
then enoaired in the realestale Im.siue.ss with
l'\ M. kedlield. 'I'hey are now doinif an exten-
sive and i^uceessful hiit-ines,-, liavini; valuable
interests in atid adjoininj^ tln^ city of Albany
and dealing ehietly in their own |)ioperty. in
1888 Mr. Twee<iale built a two-story brick
business building, 27 \ 10(1 feet, on First street,
between Ferry and Broadalbin streets, and
.subseiiuently 27 x 1(10 fret in the rear on Second
street, which propeity he still owns,

.Ml'. Twcedale was married in Albany, in duly,
1802, to Miss Eliza .1. lientley. a native of Ar-
kansas, and a daughter of J. F. Hentley, an
Oregon pioneer of. 1852. They have but one
chilli, living in Lowell; one boy, T^loyd. is dead.

I'or twenty-seven years Mr. Tweedale has
been a member of the I. O. O. F., having tilled
all the chairs in the subordinate and (irand
Lodge, and now being Past {4ranil Master and
Past (iraiid Uepresentative of the Sovereign
(irand Lodge. His lirst presidential vote was
east for Abraham Lincoln, and ho is still deep-
dyed in his Iie|iubliean principles.

— ^m^'"^'

tON. (iKOKGK A. STKKL. the prominent
etKoieiit I'ostniaster of Portland, Oregon.
is a native of Stafford, Ohio, born .Vpril
22, 1846. He is a younger brother of James
Sto<il. (See this book.) Mr. Steel atteudeil the
public schools of his native place. In IStiiJ,
when lie was seventeen years old, he came to
Portland and began the battle of life as a clerk
in a comniissiou house. Two years later he

was appointed clerk in the post otilce, then
located at the corner of First and .Vlder streets.
.\fter a year he resigned to aecei>t the apjioint-
inenl of secretary of the ( >r('gon Iron Works,
which position he held a year, and then was en-
gage-! ill La<ld it Felton's bank, as an account-
ant. He continued in this position live years,
and while with them, was elected Treasurer of
Multnomah county. He resigned bis position
in the bank in 1870. to engage in the wiiolesale
and retail book and stationery business with
Mr. J. K. (iill as partner, under the firm name
of (Jill it Steel. Tliis business was continued
for several years, Mr. Steel at one time having
sole charge of it, but he linally sold out to Mr.
(rill, in 187() he was appointed special agent
of tiie Post-otiice Department, entering iijion iiis
duties January, 1877, his territory ineludiug
Oregon, Washington and Idaho. .Xfter two
years' service in this office he resigned and se-
cured the appointnieiit of Deputy Collector of
Customs. He .served in this capacity about two
years, and in 1881 he received tie aj)pointinenl
of Postmastor for the city of Portland. His
name was sent to the Senate by ['resident
Garlield and he took charge of the office July
1, 1881. In October of the same year, n])on
the reassemb'ing of the Senate (after the death
of President (rarfield), his appointmeni was
made for tour years by President Artlinr. and
he administered the office in a most satisfactory
manner. His term expired in 1885 and the
Democrats coming into power a Democrat was
appointed us his successor.

Prior to the expiration of his term of otHce,
lie had embarked with hisbrotiier. James Steel,
in tlie real estate and tire insurance business,
under the name of Ct. .V. Steel it Co. After he
ri'tired from the post oiKce his time was largeh
devoted to this line of business, and his efforts
uere rewarded with a liiiih measure of success.

In June, 1866, he was elected to the State
Senate from Multnomah countv. for a term of
four years; a position for wliiidi he was adniir-
ul)ly titted, and which he tilled in a most satis-
factory manner.

In January, 1889, Mr. Steel and his brother,
convinced of tlie importance of a street rail-
road from Po!'tland to Fulton Park, set them-
selves to work to organize a ciimpany for that
purpose, a:id notwithstanding their enterprise
niet with much disc<iuragenient. tliey however,
organized t'. i Metropolitan Street Kaihvav
Compaip. Of this, Mr. Steel was elected presi-

nisrtiny i>r oufi.-dx.

di'iit and inftimo;t'r. and from that tiinc tn the
present le n d«-" "teil liis energies tn the h\iihling
(if the ro . ;. Active work upon tlie iiiiitiT line
was soon ii.'i^iin. and in fl'.ilv. I^IJII, ti.c line
was (iiniijleted and in operation from (i street,
tlience sonth ahmi; Sei-ond Btreef to Fnlton
J'ark power house, a ilihtane'-of omt fonr miles,
and has since been compkited to the etinieterit'd.
a mile and a lialf fartlier. This is one of the
finest eipiipped motor lines in the eonntry. and
has fully demonstrated the praeticahility and
utility of electricity as a motive power in the
operation of a rapid ti'ansit city and suimrhan
railroad. Ivecently a I'onsoliciation of this line
lias been effected with the Washington street
system, and also the Portland and Vancouver
system, making what is known as the present
l'(;rtland (Consolidated Street Railway Coinf*stny.

Mr. Steel and brother also organized the
Kast 8ide Railway ('ompaiu. in IS'-U, Mount
Tabor, part of the system, and Mount Scott
practically brinfjing the suburt)ai\ annexes
within easy ami speedy reach of the city center,
and giving invaluable fa<Mlities of trav»?l to a
very large portion of I\>rtlan<r6 thrifty citizens.
This line has been extended to < >regon flity, and
ere the issuance of this work, will be in practi
cal o])eration, makinj": ea.^-y of access and largely
enhancinir in value some of the most desirable
residence property in Portland. These valuable
enterprises were accomplished solely through
Mr. Steel and his brother, wiio furnished nearly
all the necessary stock and conducted them to
theii' present success. The eiti/ens of Portland
are ihdebteil to these gentlemen fur their valua-
ble ' I'ansportation system, whiidi is destined to
be to important a factor in the city's t'urther
development and prosperity.

In December, 1889, Mr. Steel wa.s nominated
by President Harrison and speedily confirmed
by the Senate, as Postmaster. This was an
lionor which came entirely unsolicited, he being
in no sense a candidate for the (losition. The
enviable rejintation he had made during his
hst term was the consideration that actinited
his party friends to almost unanimously urge
his nomination, and his selection for the place
was received by the citizens of Portlanii with
the greatest satisfaction. In April, 1890. he
entered upon the discharge of his duties, sue
ceeding C. W. Koby, who had been appointed
Mr. Steel's successoi in 1885.

Mr. Steel has always been an ardent Republi-
can, and for nniiiy yars has been a well recog-

nized force in the political history of <>regoii,
In Is7t3 he was elected Ohairinan <<( liie Re
publican State (liimn)ittee, and his able in;in
agenientof the pai'ty and td' the lioll\ contcslec
eliK'tion of that year cdntribnted in a great
measure to the success of the Rc|iublican paiMy.
a result whicii will iduiiy> have a nulionul sig
niticance, as Oregon's threi> elicli.ral voter, de
cided tilt! presidential contest, for ten \ears
following this mennirable camiiaigii. Mr. Sitel
rendered valuable S('rvice to his pai'fy in ncai'lv
every State campaign, either as CliairrNan or
Secretary of tin; State Committee. II i> ability
»^ a |)olitieal leader is highly valuabh? to and i«
rained by them. Mv. Steel is greatly intereste(l
in P'nlton Park, a tract of flltt acres, which he
has tttfi arranged for residence property, and it
is one of tiie most desii'able localities of the
city.

lie wu'i mairied Febi-uary 18, ISfl), tu .Miss
Kva Pope, of New Voi-k, a <hnigliter uf Mr.
("tiMrles Pope, a pioneer of the State. lie is a
member ot the Fii'st Congregational Church,
and is a friend and helper to evei'y worthy caus(<.
In the prosperity which has come to Portlani
during recent yeai's he has cheerfully con
tributed his full "♦hare. Me is a ha)-d worker
progressive and public-spirited in !iis ideas, am
one whose entire career, both in adversity and
prosperity has evinced his integrity and manli-
ness. His public life has been actuated by a
desire to consistently discharge every duty, re-
gardless of eonsccpiences. His is a genial an
social nature, easily wins and retains friends,
and is very pojiiilar all over the State. Iti
i*ortiand. where he has lixed since a bf>y. and is
8o thoroughly ksKnvn. he has justly earned the
high esteeiu of iiis fellow-citizens.

t^s^-*^-^ —

KV JtKEPII HO!?ER(;.of McMinnville,
' ►regoi\. i- a siipeiannuated minisier of
_^,, ' the M'-tiiodist Episcopal (.'hurch and
is one ot Vam Hill county's most worthy and
Worthy and respectel citizen.

Fiither Iloberg, as he is familiarly known,
wiis l>orn in Prussia, (iermany. .Vpril 9, 182i^.
lie is the so!i of (rerman parents, both devout
members of the Catholic Church, and with
ttvem came to America in 1842 and settled at
[*»troit. Micliigiui. Li 1847 they moved to
l<H)el)oygaR. Wisconsin, where they spent the

nrSfORY OF OHEGON.

m I'

rest of tlieif li\cs and died !it a f^tiod old ago,
his inotluM' in iii-r cigliticlli year, and liie I'atlicr.
cm tilt! fdllowiufj ilay. in liis cigiity-sixtli yoar.
'I'lieir lives were ciiaracterizeil Uy lioiK'sty and
uprif^litnessand they died sti-imj; in the faith nf
tliG (.'athiilic Cliuri^li. Tlicy liad u family "f
twulvc eliililrcn, nf wiiniii tlie 8iil)ii.'Ct uf tliis
Kketcli \va> tin; nldcst.

Mr. Ildbero; lii'f^an lilVfi r liiiiiself as a driver
DM tlic I'lrie canal, lie waw ne.xt cmpldyed an a
btcainlxiat ntcward on the Mississippi river for
siiiiie four or live years. After this he married
and settled in Lansing;. Iowa, where he was en-
I'ai't'd in honsi! painting until 1805. He was
converted in (ia'.cna, Illinois, under the preach-
ing of Rev. II. Crews, a Methodist minister,
and BOOM after his new i)irth began preaehinjj
the gospel of salvation through faith in Christ.
He came with his family to Oregon in lst)5,
and in l>!i(')!l joined the Oregon Conference.
Here for twenty-one years he preached and la
liored ai'ci'ptalily in a nunilier of churches, the
following being some of the charges at which
he was stationed: La Fayette, McMinnville,
Kast Portland, Brownsville, Amity and Monroe.
Father Hoherg is a great lover of little children
and (luriii!.-; his ministi'y has done much efficient
Sunday-8( :iool work. In the Sunday-school or
or the stroet or,wherever he meets the children
he always has a kind worci of greeting for them.
He wassuperannmited in 1890. Still, however,
he keeps up his Sabbath-School work, and is
entlnisiastic as ever. He has been a member of
the Oregon State Sunday-school iVssoeiation from
its organization, has served as its President and
\'ice-I'i'esiilent, and is now a member of its ex-
ecutive committee. He is frequently invited
to make addresses at picnics and similar occa-
sions and has the happy faculty of interesting
l)oth the young and the old. While he has not
accumulated much of Uiis world's go(pds. he
has devoted his life to the work of tiie Master
and in this way ha?- laid up treasures above.

Mr, Hoberg was marrieO in (ialena, Illinois,
in 18")!, to Miss Mary A. S|)rinile, a native of
I'hilailelphia. and they havt! had twelve clildren,
eight of whom are li\ ing, as follows: Frank li..
engaged in business in Manstield, Coos county,
Oregon; Verona .1. is the wife of \V. W. Nel-
son, aCuslom House Iiis|)ect(]r at Portland; Klla
.Iiise|)liiiu'. wife of Hon. P. P. (lates, of f,a
Fayette; J. (iraut, in the reale-state business at
llillsboro. this State; Georgia M., wife of J. I.
Knight, who is also<!oing a real-estate business

at llillsboro; Reniio O. is engaged in farming
in Coos county; and Eva .1. and Charles H.,
both at home and attendinif colletre. Mr. Ho-
berg has built a comfortable home in McMinn-
ville, where he is surrounded with all the coin-
fort.-- of life, hajipy in the companionship of the
wife of his youth. She has been a devoted
(Christian since her girlhood, and to hi^r inilu-
ence, under (iod, he oivea credit for his conver-
sion, and ill all he has tried to do and to be she
has been his faithful iirst lieutenant.

Politically. Mr. Hoherg is a Republican.

fllAIiLKS H. WIIITXKY.— The subject
of this sketch is very clo.sely connected
with the educational iutei'ei ts of the county,
as he served very acceptably asCouTity Superin-
tendent of Public Instructi(Ui for two terms and
refused a third nomination.

Mr. Whitney was born in Auglai/e county,
Ohio, F'ebruary 15, 1851. He was the son of
I'enjamin Whitney, born in Acw York, August
10, 1822. He was a farmer by occupation and
married, November 5. 1845, a lady by the name
of Minerva Daniels, who died May 10, 1856.
He nuirried a second time, March 1, 1857,
Margaret Armstrong, daughter of .Iosej)h Ann
strong. She wiis born in Ohio, April 14, 1841.

Oui- subject remained in his native place un-
til sixteen years of age, receiving a common
school education. In 1870 he removed to
Kansas, located in Wilson county, where he
worked on a farm for three years, in 187,3 he
went to Marion county, Oregon, and again
worked on a farm. From there he went to
Portland, Oi'egon, I'nd attended commercial
ccllege, after which he clerked in a store owned
by Meier & Frank, with whom ho renuiined one
year. He then went to lki\ton county and
stayed two years, during which time he acted
as a hookkeejier for a iiuriness firm of that
place. In 1882 he settled in Corvallis and en-
gaged in mercantile business. He remained
there until 1880, furnidiiiig supplies to the
Oregon Pacific Railroad Company, removing to
Raker county in May of that year.

In 1888 M. Whitney was elected (lounty Su-
perintendent of Public Schools, served his first
term and was iinauimonsly re-elected, being the
only Republicati tha*^ was elected without ojipo-
sition. He refused the third nomination, pre-

wmmmmamm

UL'^VdltY OF oHF.HiiX.

lerrini; to ilevoti' liis tiino to his fine raneli,
tliirtv miles from I'akcr City, consistinir of suv-
crril luiiiilred iuros.

Mr. Wliitiiey was married December 10,
188i5, to Mrs. Sar;ih Ilutlmiiii, imni Sejitomlier,
2S, 1851. Her i'atlier's mime was Kli Wativitis,
and sjie was a native of Piitman coiiuty. Mis-
eoiiri. Her ])arent8 came to Orefion in 1804.
Mrs. Whittu'V is one of ei<;lit eliildren and siie
had two eliililrcn liy licr first marriai,re, namely:
Minnie and .luliii; the former now mai'ried to
M. 1'. Bnrnett, who is now Treasurer of Benton
eoiinty.

Mr. Whitney is a memher of I. ( ). C). F., lias
passed al! the ehairs luiil is a memhci' of Cor-
vallis Lodife, No. 7. Hoth Mr. and Mrs. Whit-
ney are estiinahle people and hii/hly esteemed
hy their host of fi'iends.

:1LMAM K. SMITH is a well-known
and hif^hly ri'Specteil capitalist of i'ort-
land, Oreiron. lie enme to tlie coast
in 1853, and is a native of Brownsville, Penn-
sylvania, born on tiie 3d of August, 1820.
II is father, Peter Smith, was a native of the
State of Mew Jersey. His atice-^tors, however,
were Knglisli and settled in the State of New
Jersey lona before the Jtevolntion. He mar-
ried Miss Barbara Showalter, a native of Penn-
sylvania, and of German ancestry. They iiad
eight children, three of whom are livinjr. *

Willium K. w.'is their fonrth cluld. In 1833,
with his |iarents, he removeil to Clermont
county, Ohio, and for three yeaiv rosidiMl near
('incirMiati. In 1830 they remo\('(i to Indiana,
and from there to ^[adison county, Illinois. In
184 f they changed their residence to Texas.
W. K. Smith went from there to Alabama,
where he ren.ained four years and then re-
tiirneil to Te.\a:-, an<l from there to St. Louis.
He then took a 'ourse at the SIriitleft' Collejfe.
In 1853, at St. I.ouis, he fitted out an exiiedi-
tion to cros. tin. ])lains to ('alifornia. They
traveled with o.x teafos and wagons. On the
llundjoldt ri\er they took a new mountain road
through the mountains, a distance of 125 miles.
While on this route the Humboldt Indians dis-
covered them, and they became iware that they
were in danger of an atlael.. The last night

that they cainpe<l in thi> i intaiii oni! of their

cuttle strayed, and one of their numhei' went

back for it. Eai'l\ in the moi'iiing they Ntarled
on their journey, and were on their guard with
their gun> ready. As soon as they had enteri'd
a narrow pas.- the Indians ros(> up in fronl id'
them, gave a warwlioop and lired :it them.
Ju,-t then their man, who had rode behind to get
their steer, came up over the brow of the hill.
Tlie Inilians seeing him supposed that more
wei-e coming, and they lle(| before the first vol-
ley of the emigrants, and they were permitted
to go on their journey without further iulcrru|i
tion. They arrived at Fiddletown and .Mr.
Smith went to the niines on tlii' Mokelumne
river, and also tn those on the Calaveras, One
of theii- coni])any had i)een in (California pre-
viously, and ha<l discovered gold on a gulch near
San Andi'eas. My his direction they went there
and found good diggings. They sent to the
valley for sixteen Chinamen to work for them,
and they toid< out the entire gold deposit, and
stuck another claim neai- it even I'ichor than the
first, which they mined until the water- failed.
Mr. Smith then went to San I'raiiciseo and ha<l
had his gold coined at the mint. When he got
it it seemed like a nice |)ile of money, and so it
w,i8. From San Francisco he went to Wash-
ington Territory an<l visited his brother, .1. S.
Smith, who had come to the coast in 1845.
After a short stay there he went to Salem in
1854, and engaged in the drug and book busi-
ness. This he continued fourteen years and
then sold out and engaged with thi' Wilhunette
Woolen Manufacturing Company. They built
the first woolen niill in the State. Mr. Smith, his
brother, e.\-Goveruor (trover, Mr. Waldo and
Mr. •]. V. Miller, purchased the controlling in-
terest in the stock. They also built the Salem
flour mills and brought the water to the mills.
In 18(18 Mr. Smith came to Portland ami em-
barked in the sawmill business. The firm be-
came Smith, (trover, Hayden & Smith. Mr.
Smith has continued in this businessever since,
and has lost two sawmills hy lire. When he began
the business was small, but it has grown to one
of the largest mills in I'oi'tland. He has now
with him his brother and two nephews, under
the name of Smith liros. & Company. They
have H very extensive honie market for lumber,
but ship some to other places. Mr. Smith was
a part owner of the Hattie C. Bessie, a ( -hineso
ship, on which they shipped on their own ac-
count the first ciirgo of lumber ever sent from
this port to China. Mr. Smith has invested
considerable in city property, and has done a

Aii

■T

h71

Ult^ToHY OF ()Ilh-i!i>X.

M'!

.Si ■ 4

If]

;;i<!iit (leal of liiiililiiii,'. He liiis platted a valii-
alile ])iece nl' pniliiTtv uii the eanf side. With
lii- liiMtlicr lie lidill lli(^ lii'Bt hii'ire luitik l)l(i<'k
ill till' city, oil A^ll etreel lietweeii Front anil
Kirnt htritcts. Mr. Sniitli was one of tlieorgan-
i/ei'P of the ( 'iililc liiiad ( oiiipaiiy, anil is oiin of
till' ijlifctoi- aiiil i> vire-presiileiit of it. He
lia> liriMi a ijii-ect'ir of tiie I'oi'tlaiid Savings
Hank, and lielpeil to or^aiii/i- the Ainswortli
Nalional liiiiiU aiicl is it.s viee-president. He
liii> also licni interoted in the ( 'oinniei-eial liank,
and is a diveetor in it. Ho i> a Dunioerat.
tliongli lie takes no active pari in jiolities.

He was iiiarrii'd in iMii, to Aliss Dclibic
Harker, a native of New .lersey. and their union
has lieen lilested with five sons and a daughter.
The latter, Kiiireiiia S.. is the wife of Mr. T. H-
Harllet. The >ons are. William 1\., dr., \'ietor
II.. .1. 1 l.ii'ker and Snniner.

.Mr. Smith lias had a loiio; and .-iii'CL-.-sfnl life
and linsiiii's> history in ( )ri'gon, and he has heeii
a rar->erin<f, caiialili' bnsinoss man. Ilissiu;-
eess is the result of earnet^t and intelligent
elVort. comliined with high hiisines.s principles,
and merits the esteeiii in wliieh ho is held by
the liiisine^s men of the State of Oregon.

loUKTNKV WAKKKIJ MKKK, a promi-
iii'iit pioneer of Washington eoniity, Ore-
jion, was liorn in Ididio when it was a part

( )!egon Territoiy, Deeeiiiher 7, 183S, and has
lived ill Washingtdii county since 1840. lie ib
a son of the noted lion. Joseph I.. Meek, who
was liorn in X'irgiiiia l''el)riiai'y !). 1810, a iiiein-
her of an old X'irginia family and a distant rela-
I ivr of dames K. IVlk.

"doe" Jleek. as he wa>- familiarlv known, was
one of the nmst remarkaUle characters oonnecti'd
with the early hislory of Oregon. He came to
the liocky monntaiiis as a trapper and hunter in
JIarcli. 18;'U. then in his nineteeiilh year, and
(drvcii \ears of his life were spent in the monnt-
ain^. during wliiidi time he had many Imir-
lireadth e>cape> from the Indians and wild
beasts, and in all thi'.-e years he jiroved himself
111 be a iiian of great courage and skill as a hun-
ter and trap|ier, and also a man of line natural
abililv. Ilriiig eiidowi'd with an excellent meiii-
oi V he. in later year>, fiiriiisSi>d data for a book,
entitled "The Uiver of the West," an interest-
leg work containing ii.any of his reriiiniseences
aiKl al-o a hi»t<.;'\ of the State of » )re;'on. When

Mr. Meek came* to Washington county in 18-10
there were very few white ])eojile in the valley,
and he at once became an active leader in its
settlement and development, and not only of this
immediate vicinity but also of the whole Terri-
tory. In the year 1847 he was elected to the Ter-
ritorial Legislature. He resigned his seat in that
body December 17, 1847, to undertake a jour-
ney to Wa>liingtoii to represent to the President
and (-ongre>s of the United States the needs of
Oregon. He started from Walln Walla on the
lltli of January, 1848, and his trip across the
mountains and plains at that inclement season of
the year was one of the most remarkable jour-
neys on record. He wore a buckskin suit and
fiir cap, and his odd attire attracted no little ut-
tention in the capital city, where he was treated
with the highest jiossible courtesy by the Presi-
dent and Ins Cabinet. On tlii- journey to the
Kast he had not a dollar in iiiuuey, and was
dependent on his striking appearance and native
shrewdness to carry him through. He, however,
had a warrant drawn by the Oregtin Legislature
on the Missionary Board in New York and
indorsed by the managers of the Mission in
Oregon, and when he reached the Kast the Board
paid all that was exiiecteil of it. Knox Walker
was then the Secretary of State, and he and Mr.
Meek Were lirst cousins. Later in his life Mr.
Meek used to deliver a very interesting lecture,
entitk'd "From the Wigwam to the White
Ilim>e, ill which he recited the whole of the
incidents of this journey. He at one time had
a Seat in the lower Housi' of Congress. August
14. 1848. when the Territory of Oregon was
organized, he was appointed United States Mar-
shal of the new Territory by President Polk. He
ivturned to ( )regon and tilled the office with
great efficiency until 18515. After this he retired
to private life. On his donation claim in Wash-
ington county he reared a family of ti\e children,
as follows; Courrney W.. whose name heads this
sketch, and who has given the datafor this article;
Olive L , wife of William Uiley, and a resident
of (ileiicne; Jennie, wife of Charles Newhard,
British (.'oliinibia; Josojih L.. of Washingtoii
eoiiiity, and Stephen .\. I)., also of this county.
The sons are all reliable farmers, and are owners
of their father's donation claim. 'J'liis venerable
pioneer, after a u.sefiii and eventful career,
departed thi,-- life January 20, l'^l&. H i» widow-
is still living with her «oiis ai the old home
place, and is now in the seveiity-tifth year of
her aee.

iiisroiiy "/•■ •'iiEndS.

87.)

("ourtni'y W., the oldest tif tliis fuiiiily. re
ceiveil liis iHliiciitioii in tlie primitive licliodis ot
Ori'ifoii. lie was ill lii^ scvt'iiti'i'iitli year wlicii.
ill l.S")5, tin' liiiliaii war iir(il<t' out, and lie at (Hico
vohintt'crL'd his sitv ices, heiiij^ tir.-t uiidei' Cap-
tain Layton and later under ('iijitain ( ioH', ( 'iiloiiid
Shaw r.oiniiiandilig. Yuuii<^ .Meel< served all
tliroiij^h the war, was in the liattle el' (irande
Roiide V^alley, and was also in nunierons skir-
mishes. Diirine; the eivil war he was a memlier
of ( 'onipany 1>, First ( )rei,'on Infanlry, enlisting
in Aniriist, lS(J4, and heiiig hoimralily dis(diarged
July 2iJ, l^SoO, in Idaho, lietiirniiii^ t<i Orej^oii
after the war, lie si^tled on the old home place
and has since resided here. In IHIH he married
Miss .Vd:d Xewton, a native of Wisconsin, horn
in 1850, and they are the pa.ents of throe (diil-
dren: William LeroVi (fcorge Jossie and Xoia.
In politics Mr. Meek is a llepnhlican. Like his
distinguished father he has a line intellect, and
can make a good speech, ex|)ressing his ideas
cl'?arly and tbrcihly.

^ .^ *-^i» ■P^>*^=a»

^()^■. .lOIlN MINTO. The dotinies of a
State in a Kepulilic, like ours, is formed hy
he mental i'circe and moral chanicler of her
jiloneers, and it is to her tii-st settlers tliat the
State of ( )rcg«)n is largely indehted for the proud
eiiiinenee she has attained in this great riiionof
States. Jloiiorahle .loliii Minto has thehonorof
heiiig one of these early true men, who liraved
the dangers, siirinoiintecl the ohstacles, apiiar-
eiltly so iiisiiriiiountahle. aii<l aideij in foiUKling
the great State, of which now in liis later years
he has siieli just reason to he proud.

lie is of Scotch ancestry, hut both hi- and his
father Were natives of Kngland. Ills I'athei'was
an intelligent, honest, hard worker in the coal
mines of Knglaixl, ami was chosen as a leader hy
his comrailes. He early hecanit^ an ardent ad-
mirer of Kepiililieaii institutions, and emigrated
to the Uiiiteil States to olitain that liherty which
his native land denied.

The sulijeol of our ^kelch wa^ horn in the
town of Wylani, near Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
on 'Jctoher 10, 182'2, and had very limited edu-
cational opportunities. At ten years of jige he
hegan to labor in the coal mines, remaining in
that occupation until 1840. when ihe family emi-
grated to tlie I'nited Slates. They located al
l'ilt.sl)iirg, I'eimsylvaiiiu, where they engaged in

(■ lal mining for wages. Our siiliject had re.ad
evervlhing iie could get to I'eacl, and hadiin-

lil

lied a stKPiig desire for ad\entiire. and lia\ i

read glowing accounts of < >regon. he conceived

i>t. liilHll

the idea of

iroino'

to the I'acKic

the

lal market was ilepr

iiid tli<

were recei\

At a
what

iiig poor remnneration for their toil

■ting held hy the

was l)e>t t(

>>ed hy a

iciitleman in whom ihey had the utmost coiiti-

lle told tli(

that at the iiier-ent nrice

of coal it was iiii|)ossil»l" for the employers to
p.ay hi^'her wages, and that it was hard for the
einiiloycrs to keeii them at work at i)resent rati-s.

iploy

leii our .subject arose and said

listene<l to what has been t-aid, and you believe
every word of it: what art^ you going to do about

it? As f(

;now what 1 am ttouiti to do,

I will go to the West, where there are not so
many men to overstock the labor market.'" IIo
at oiu!(! began to make ari'angeinents to go

West, whei

d was

clieai).

lit

ited h

mother and bade her good-hy, and started from
i'ittsburg for Dnbucjue, Iowa. At St. i.oiiis,
the boat on which he Wiis making the voyage,

le was ti'yiiig to get
juse, as he had been

topped for the nii;ht, and

.'1
litth^

rest in a lodoin

-h

working as a deck hand on the boat, and was

ed and snlfering for sleeji. On retiring he

tir

heard voicer

id listening, lie overheard a con
versation, by which he learned that a company
the Upper Missouri for emi-
Ile was filled with e.xciti--

was toriniufi on

gration to Oregon.

inent. and his sleep left him, and he decided to

join the party. His father had given him a

doiibl'»-b:

larreled siioteni

tS'

(1 hi

rchased

rif^->. animiinition, fishing-tackle, etc., b|ieiMliiig
Miost of his means for his oiitlit, and took boat

for tl
( 'am

le rendezvous. On arriving at (iilliain's
;ie was referred to li. W. Morri.-on, as a

I'
person needing assistance lor crossing the plains.

and H verbal bariraiii was made; that our siibiect

help Mr. Morris

I''
j'et his stock to Ore-

gon, for which he was to receive his beard. Tii(>
emigrants formed a military organi/.ition, of
which Mr. (iilliani was elected comiiiander, and
Mr. Morrison one of the captains. Oursubjtict
was chosen a eorjioral, ainl on the sickness of
William H. Uees, Mr. Minto succeeded to the
position of sergeant, which position he tilled as
long as the jiarty observed military rules. On
'heir arr

\ al at Fort Hall, our subject, in coni-
jmny with S. II. Crocket and Daniel ( 'iio k. with
the assent of their Captaiiia .Mori ieoii and Shaw ,

870

iiisroHr Oh' niiEnON.

left llic tliiiuii, iliiil |iri'rci!c(l tlic |iiil'ty to tlio
Williiiiretli^ v;ill(!y. I'ur tlii-. tlicrc were two
leiihons, first, cvcrv ciMisiiiiii'r of food, whose
soi'\ ice coiilil 1)1' i-|iiii('il, dill a j^'odd t^crvice to
tlii'ir t'rii'iidri liv Ic.ivinj; tliciii willi siicli siip-
iplieK 118 yet IH'iiiiiliicd fur their fa iiilif-. Sci'oiid.
at lliis iiiiint, woi-il ciuiu; fiorn lloiKiriihie 1'.
II. Uiiniott (if tlu! proviouB year's eini^fration.
iiifiiitiiitii'' flKMii that if they needed assiwfanee,
to iiial<e tiie mutter iiiiowii to the Willamette
Hettleiiient. Tiie three young men did not
make any appeal for special aid for their friends,
Imt secu'ri.'d work foi' a time tofjive their friends
time to reaeh the Dalles, and they then a|i|jlied
to Dr. John Mcl-oiijrhliii. chief fac^tor of the
Hudson's I'.ay Companj fur the use of ahatteaii,
with wliicdi to return ami assist them down the
river. The Doctor kindly furnished them the
hoat an<l added the means of snli.sistenee dnrinjj;
the trip, and thus eiiuippcd, the three young
men went for their fricTids. When they met
the party Mr. Minto gaxchis shai-e of provis-
ions to Mrs. Morrison, whom he met at the
Cascades, entirely destitute of anytiiing to eat
in lier camp, while Captain .\[orrison was snow-
bound near the base of Mount Hood, attempt-
ini; to {jet the stock of the party across the Cas-
cades via the Indian trail on the north side of
the mountain. Captain Morrison extricated
himself and the cattle frun the snow, by driving
them back to the Dalles, where they wintered
well, and from there Mr. Minto drove them the
next si)r\ng to the Washongal bottoms, by
swimming them across the ('olnmbia river, 'oe-
low the mouth of Hood river. Mr. Minto had
been so faithful in the performance of his con-
tract, that Mr. Morrison presented him with a
yoke of o\.en and a chain, which, toeether with
iiis two hands and ax, jiurcliascd at St. Louis,
constituted Mr. Minto's capital. This however,
when combined, as in his ease, with integrity and
an honorable determination, are sntlicient, as is
amply proved by numerous historical cases. Mr.
Minto liail declared his intention to become a
citizen of the United States, in IStS, and his
rirst vote was cast for (ieorgc Abernethy, an
American candidate Cor (iovernor, under the
Provisional (xovernment of Oregon. Strange
as it may seem in those days of tax dodging, ^lr.
Minto never attempted to escape his tax, but
seemed proud to have taxes to pay, and glad to
have the means to pay them. During his early
hislc>ry in ( >reg<)n he was a Democrat in the
fullest sense of the word, but not a- a mere par-

tisan; anil without taking an active part in
partisan politics ho watched carefully the
drift of affairs, ami as the slavery ipiestion grew
in im|)ortance his wdiole soul grow to loathe that,
institution, or any institution that o|iprus>eil the
poor. He acci'pteil the theory of Hon. Stephen
A. Douglas, that the citizens (d' a Tei-ritory
should be permitteil to enact the laws governing
them, and this was his position U|i to the time
of the Charleston Convention, at which the di-
vision of the Democratic party occurred. Mr.
Minto was present at a Democratic precinct
meeting, held at Salem, which were then domi-
nant in (Iregon. They had under consideration
a resolution, liinding all members of the party
to support whoever shouhi be nominated at the
County Convention. The |iropiosition seemed
about to be passed, when Mr. Minto arose to
his feet, and said, " Mr. ('hairman, I ilesire to
say that I will not vote for that n^solution, and
will not be bound by it, even if it >hould lie
carried by a majority of this convention, and I
will give you my reasons: Hefore the nomina-
tions are made, to eti'ect which this is the be-
ginning, and before a jiolicy can be declared by
the delegates, which you will today elect, the
Charleston Convention will have met and all in-
dications point to a division of the Democratic

party into pro-slavery

anti-slavery pirties.

I wish to say here and now that no ■resolution
that this meeting can j)as8 shall force me to vote
for slavery, when 1 have a choice of voting for
freedom." Ilia views were accepted by many
of the meeting, and he was congratulated for
having said the right thing at the right time,
and the incident is given to show the character
of the man. Two years later he was nominated
and elected as a representative to the State
Legislature, a position to which he has four
times been elected by his fellow-citizens of i^^a-
rion county. As soon as the great war burst
upon the country, he arrayeil himself, with all
his energy, on the side of the Union, and al-
though he was not in the army, he remlered
great service to the Union cause that was in
peril at home, and voted with the •• Union " and
since with the Uepublican party. Mr. Minto has
been prominentia engaged in slieep and wool
raising since 1849, in whi(di he haj been emi-
nently successful, and the attention he has given
to the sheep industry in ( begon has been of
great value to his State, as he made himself
thoroughlv ac(|iiainted, both by experience and
otherwise, with the breed and crosses best

5 :

IIlsroitY OF (lUH(l(i\.

}*77

adapted to that locality, and cijuseqiiontly tlie
otii'S most p.olitalilu lor I'lilttiru in lliiit Stii(e.
He is MOW, and Ims Invn coiitiiioiit^ly BimrtMts
foririutioii, prt'sidi'iit of llie North I'ucitic Sliccji
I'l'cedei's" and Wonl ( irowcrs' Assdciiitioti, hihI
as stock corn'S])oiidciit of the l)e])ui'tnieiit of
AgricidtiiR', wrote the last chapter of the iiis-
tory of sheep hiisiiandry in the United Statics,
issued liy the I'urean of Animal Industry in
1S'J2, ileserihini;; tlie past and present condi-
tioTi of the sheep and wool interests of Oie
States of Calit'orniH, On'tron and Wasliinirton,
Mr. Alinto is the oldest practical sheep farnuu'
on tlie i'acitic slope. ^ et, while hi^ lias made
this a specialty, lie has hccn ever ready to help
all other enterjirises of value to the county. In
his house in 1S52 the first farmers' cluh meet-
ing held in Orciron took place, lie was amonir
the first exliiliit((rs of orchard fruits, in tlie
earliest days of fruit cull nre on the Pacific coast.
He held for two years the position of Secretary
of the Oret^on State Au'rictdtural Society, dur-
ing which time the society met, with (jreat suc-
cess and made many iMi|irovenicnts anil did the
State valuable service in othei' ways. I'hey not
only had ujoney with which to pay all expenses
in fidl. but spent many hundreds of dollars o!i
the ground in many im|U'ovenients, and adver-
tised e.\tensively the resources of the State. Mr.
Minto was also selected by the Hoard of Di-
rectors of the Agricultural Society as first
editor of the Willamette Farmer. When the
war with the murderers of Dr. Whitman was
forced upon the pioneers he joined thecomiianv
(d' IjCvi Scott, which was delaile(l to attempt to
pass to Galifoi'nin, in the winter of 184T-"48. as
escort to Honorable .Jesse A|iplcgate, who was
sent by (Governor Abernethy to make the eon-
diti^n of the settlers of Oregon known to tlie
United States through the coinnuindant of the
United States troops, then ojierating in Cali-
fornia, anil to get ammunitiun. if [jossible, with
which to jirosecute the war, the Hudson's Hay
Compiiny having refused to sell to the settlers.
The eH'ort failed on account of the deep snows
in the Siskiyou mountains, .\fterward. a |)or-
tion ot tlie company, who volunteered to pass on
snowshoes. of whom Mr. Minto was one, siif-
fere and Uiutes in eastern Oregon, in
1878, Mr. Minto left Salem with a half <lo/.en
repeu*iug rifles, setit by friciids of narties at
lIop])uer, anci an order from (iovernor Cliad-
wicK on .1 udge Savage, of Wasco county, for

twenty stands of needle gun-, with ammunition,
tor the settlers on Uock creek, who weie right
in the line of march of that (iener.-il Ilowiii'd's
order, published in the (>regoni;in of .luly I,
said the ludi.'ins would take. Members of Mr.
Minto'sown family wer(> oxjiosed. Mr. Minio
had been in the settlement the jirevioiis summer,
when .Joseph's raid began in Wallowa county,
and he knew that what |)eoplu wanted, more
than any thing else, was arms with which to
defend themselves. Mr. Minto has also the
honor of suggesting the best railroad route over
tlu' (,'ascade range, the route siiue adopte(l by
the Oregon Pacific Kailroati. and it was decided
to b(> the best natural railmail jiass j'c^t known
across the range. Mr. iMiiito went in search of
the pass in obciiience to his ( Marion) coiinly
authorities. One of the mountains overhanging
the railroad line, an<l immediately south of
Mount ,Jet1cr.son. has been called Minto iiKuin
tain. It is a grand monument to pei'|ietuat(? his
memory and his services to the State.

There is another interesting incident con-
nected with the history of this worthy pioiKu-r,
whi(!li is. that ill IS-H. three years after his
arrival in Oregon, he was happily inari'icd to
Miss M. A. Morrison, the daughter of (Japlain
U. W. Morrison, for whom Mr. Minto worke<l
and wdtli whom he crosse<l the plains. Airs.
Minto, then Miss Morrison, crossed the plains
at the same time, and is in every sense as much
of a pioneer as her worthy husband, or in fact,
any other lady or gentleman in the State. Tlu'y
have had eight children, all l)orn in Oregon:
.lohn W.. born September 27. 1848, has been
Marshal of the city of Salem. Sheritl" of the
county of Marion, and is now United Statt^s
Weigher and (Tauger in the otKce of the Collector
at Portland; Mary Ellen, was born March Ki,
18.J0, and is now 'the wife of Mr. R. C. llaliey.
residing on a farm near Salem ; Uobert liurus,
born December 3, IS.'ii, and ditnl Janiiui-y Iti,
18(;8: William .lasper, was born .\prif 27,
1855, is married, and is a business man of
Sahun. having been a member of the Coniinoii
Council of his city; Irwin was born .\pril S,
ISliO, and died in 1878; both of these sons, who
have died, were tine specimens of young man-
hood physicallv, and were very promising and
held in high esteem in the place of their nativ-
ity; Douglass (".. born May 2o, 18(12, is now in
business in SHlem; Ilany PiM'cy. born October
10, 18t)4, is now the Marshal' of the city of
Salem and Dejiuty Uiiiteil States .Marshal. One

iiyiJ:

t ■ ' 1

l;M.: :fi

878

lllSTOIiY OF OltKdON.

chilli iHcmI ill iiifiiiicy. Mr. iiinl Miv^. Miiilo
live ill tlm on jiiyirieiit of j^ooil iiciiltii, in ii jilciis-
iilit liiiiiK' III' tlioir own in 8aliMii, siin'oninlcil liy
trees anil llowern ni' their uwn |iliinting, a littiiif^
iihice in which tn spyiiil the cveniii;; of a nsel'iil
anil woil-s|iL'nt life, ami ujiero they eiijuy the
esteem of a laij^e circle of frieiul.-i. Mr. Min-
to'K history in III' value to yoiiiii^ men f^eiierally,
as an example of what imliisiry ami sterling
worth, coniliineii with siijierior intellect, mui a
mashive will can accom|ili8h in the way of carv-
iii;^ a fiirtnne out of raw material.

IpKNJAMIN F. WIIITKAKHU, a promi-
a^^ iient I'olU connty fariiK'r ami aiiOrei^oii
'r^ pioneer of 1S4S, was burn in Illinois May
2h, 18;{S, son of nenjainin Whitoaker, an hon-
ored ( )re(i;i)n ])ioneer of \S48, now deceased. (See
history of I). J. Whiteaker. this hook.)

jienjamin was the si.\th of his father's eight
children, and was ten 3'ears id' atje when he
crossed the jilains with his father and the fami-
ly. Ilia iluty on the journey was to drive the
milch cows on liorseback, and, althonii;li so
young, he performed his task to tlie satisfaction
of all parties. After the arrival and settlement
on the donation claim he remained with his
father until he was twenty-one, when he went
with his hrotliers to eastern Washington to en-
j;age in the stock liiisiness, and they took with
them 325 head of yoiinj; cattle. In 1801 these had
increased to 500 head of cattle, but on account
of the e.\treine severity of the winter they lost
nearly all of their stock, and the country was
full of dead cattle; l)ut for all this they did not
despair, .\bout this time the war broke out,
mining began in Idaho, and prices advanced.
This naturally benefited them, and in time they
became wei'lthy. Our subject then went to
Polk county, and purchased a half-section of
land off' the John Fudi;e donation claim.

He married ^liss .Varcissa Hammer, a native
dau'diter of <)ret;on, in 1803. She was the
dauirhter of Jacob Hammer, an Oregon pioneer
of 1844. He resided on his donation claim in
I'enton county till 18(11, wdicn his death oc-
curred in his eighty-second year. His wife is
still living, beloved by all who know her. After
tlieir marriaije. Mr. and .Mrs. Whiteaker resided
a year in Washington, and then came to Ore-
gon. Mr. Whiteaker has since resided on the

land left him by his mother, doing a large gen-
eral fanning business, rai.--ing grain, hay and
stock. He has now over 80(1 acres of land, he
having purchased the land next to his mother's.
In 1881) lie built a handsome residence which
commands a sphMidid view of the surrounding
country, the city "f Iude|)endence, and the town
nf Monmouth. The old home they lirst lived in,
when they came to Oregon, is still standing on
the property.

Mr. and ilrs. Whiteaker had live children,
all of whom are still living, and their names are
as follows; William 11., resides in Independence;
A. F., resides with his father; Lillie H., wife ot
W. O. Cook, resides in Independence; Maryetta,
wife of T. I,. AVeaver, an Kvanirelical minister,
who resides at C'orvallis; and Hertie, at home.
Mrs. Whiteaker died Januarv 3, 187(.'. .She
was an excellent wife and mother, and her loss
to her husband and young family was a most
serious one. Her husband remained single for
three years, and then married Miss Adelaide
Fetzer, born in Salem, Oregon, daughter of Ja-
cob Fetzer, an Oregon pioneer, of (Terman an-
cestry. Mr. and Sirs. Whiteaker lia\e three
children, namely: .Vellie, Henjaniin Franklin
and Glendoii. Mrs. Whiteaker is a member of
the Evangelical Cdiurch, and ber husband is a
strong Democrat in politics. Ho is a good citi-
zen and takes a deep interest in the affairs of
his county, and has aided in all the enterprises
tending to imjirove the county. Ho was a
stockholder in the building of the steamboat,
"McMinnville," also in the "S. T. Church." In
addition to this he was a stockholder in the
building of the warehouse at Independence. Ho
is widely and favorably known, and is a good
re])resentative of the Oregon pioneers of 1848,

-^^^m^^

IIANDVILLK M. ALLEN, an honored
Oregon pioneer of 1847, was born in A[is-
-ouri I)eceinber 17, 1844. His father,
.'solonion Allen, was born in Tennessee on 1)0-
ceniber 0, 1790, and married Miss Nancy
I'owell, a native of ><orth Carolina, born April
8, 1802. Eight children were born in Mis-
souri, six sons and two daughters. One of the
children afterward died in Missouri, and with
the rest he and his wife made the journey over-
land to Oregon in 1847. They traveled with
the usual ox teani, and came with a la:ge com-

ii/srnnv 'II-- iii;i:ii(iy.

STO

;('V
ril

.18-

rho
ith
er-
ith
iin-

piiiiy. ill nnlcr to bo jimtcotoil tVom miv |Mi>sil)k>
cncciiiiitcr witli tlie IiiiliiiMS, Init they wuri! mi-
iiuilcstod. Tlio st()('l< Willi Boiia'tiim,' ^tiiiiihciliMl,
liiit was alwav* rectivcitMl, ami tlicy liad alto-
<,'etli('i', a siiccusst'iil and j)loa»ant ti'iji. Tlioy
tii'st locatt'il ill Vain Hill coimtv. wiiere they
|iiir('iia8eii a section of land tor S^'iSoO, situated
two miles Kontlieast of Amity, 'riicv moved
into ft small lofj; iioiise mi tiiis land, and com-
menced jiioneer lite. I!y industi'y, and favored
liy the fertile soil and other ad\ antages of this
favored country, they were prosjiered beyond
tiieir fondest expectations. They made many
im|)roveinent.s in the way of erecting a comfort-
able residence and liir^e barns for j^rain and
stock, besides highly ciilfivatiny the land, mnk-
ing of it a very valuable farm. Here the father
(lied in 1S50. <:reatly hiMiented by his family
and fri(mds. He was politically a Whig, ami a
man of great industry ami uiirightness of char-
acter, and wari esteemed by all who knew him.
II(( died at the age of si.xty-three years. 'I"he
mother .survived her hnsbamrs death several
years, dyin,; in 1S64, in her si.xty-second year,
leaving many friends to mourn he" loss. The
eldest son. William I'., dieil in Southern ( >re-
gon, and left a family; Mmeline is the wife of
I.e. iMatheny, and resides in Ashland; dohii,
Resides in Montana; Elizabeth is the wife of
(Jyrus Smith, and resides in Amity (^sec history
in this book); Le\y F., was in Wyoming when
last heani from; and the sons, (irandville M.
and Smith, own the donation claim on which
their father settled when he came to th(> Ter-
ritory. Smith resides near McMinnville, and
the subject of our sketch lives on the donation
claim, where he has a pleasant home, and is
very prosperous.

lie came to tills farm when but two and a
halfy(!arsof age. and evinces a commendable
spirit in prizing it biH-ause it was his father's
and the homestead on which he was reared, lie
walked two miles to the district school at Amity.
When he became a man he. with Smith and
Levi, inherited the place, when lie and his
brother Smith bought the interest of l^evi, and
divided it between them, each retaining 315
acres.

Mr. .Mleu was married on October 1-1, 1877,
to Miss (lUic K. lieckct. a native of Oregon.
Her parents arc William and Jane (Thompson)
I'eckel. (Jrandfather Hugh Thomijson came to
Oregon in 1852 with his family, and took a do-

nation claim two miles north of the

Salen

bridge, where he resided until his d<>ath in
1S7~. He was an honest, industrious larnier,
and greatly csleeiricd by his neighhdrs. (iraiid
mother Thoiiijison died in l^(ix, leaving a larf,'(>
circle of friemjs to mourn her loss. Thi' father,
William liecket, died August '25, 1H75, greatly
lamented by his family and friends. Tin; motiier
still survives, and resides in {Ilackamas county,
anij is universally esteemed by her ac(juaiiit-
auccs anil friends. The original donatinn (daiin
is still in the family, the elde>l son residing
upon it.

Mr. and Mrs. Allen have four children; Ina
I'earl, Valine, Le lioy and Lottie Wave, all in-
telligent, and reflecting credit on the Slate of
their nativity.

.Mr. .\lleii i> a pi'diiiiiieiit member "f the \.
( ). r. W.. ill wliicli he lake> an active iiiteii'>t.

He is a siimihI Republican, and. alllinngh not
a politician .-Irictly speaking, he has been elected
11 director of his school district, and often serves
(IS Judge of Llections, both of which positions
recpiire ability of a high order and nnimpeacli-
abl<! integrity, and the imlorsement of his
constituents is most tlattering. .Mthough par-
ticiiiatiiiii in these honors, he is naturallv of a
retiring, domestic disposition, and takes mos,
|)leasure in the inaiiagement of iiis largo estate}
and in the society of his family. His many
]M'actical virtues have gaiiuMi for him the esteem
of all his fellow-men, while his kindly, siaual
nature tends to strengthen the regard already
universally entertained.

fENJAMliN MOKGA.X UOlil.NSO.V. one
of those adventurous spirits wlfw followed
the Star of Empire across the dreary
wasteof intervening plains to( )reironiii IS-ti, is a
native of New York, horn in Cayuga county,
January 18, 18l:i. lie is of English ancestry,
who cast their lot with the struggling colonies
at an early day. His grandfather, John liobiii-
son, was a captain in the Revolutionary war, and
distinguished himself in that memorable strug-
irle fur iiKleiieiKlence.

The subject ol our sketch was reared and
educated in his native Slate, and afterward
moved to Chicago, I'linois, where he resided
until 18 14, when he crossed the plains to Oregon.
He was unaccompanied by relatives or friends,
but found both in the family of Mr. 'Joel Chris-

»80

iiisToi:)' Oh' on !•:(!( IS'.

iiimi, wild toi'iii(!il a piirt. nt' tlic ciiiiipiiiiy witli
which ih(! Iiiii)^ omtIiiihI joiinii-y wiis iiiiido.
They triivulud with the ciihtonmry ox tuaiiiw, and
hiul nil oil jiiyiiiiic ti'i|i, devoid of nil Kickiiess or
ti'oiil>ic with the liiiliiiiiri. Altliiiu;;h this tiiifrht
HU(!iii toil liihoi'ioiiH II mode of tiaiisportatioii Tor
such nil etiiei-eii! lunl |ileitHiiru loviin; individual
ns Cupid, yet, ntraii^e to f^iiy, he toiiowcd tlioe
ciiiif;raMt.s witii iiKhiatij^aiiie zeal, heiit, as ever,
(III his iiiischicvoiis iiiaehiiiatioiis. Ilnwuver
(ihlivioiis others iriifrht have heeii to iiis pres-
ence, two ol' this jiaity were deeply eonseioiis
ot it — Mr. Koiiiiison ami Mrs. Chrisiiiiiirs
ehaniiiiif; yoiiii;,' <laiii^liter Kliziiheth, to whose
iiifatiialed eyes, this dreary wa.'^te liecaiiie a
lieautil'iil vista which led to paradise. Thus
joiiriicviiijf they caiiie to the Dalles, whence
tli(!y descended the Coliiiniiia river mid ascended
the Willaiiietto, Hiiiilly nrrivinjj ntOref^'on ('ity,
wliicli was then a little station of the Hudson's
l!ay Company. Here N[r. Rohinson remained
durint,' the winter, and in the early sprinif caiiio
to Vain Hill county, where he took u|) a iloiia-
tion chiini. the same on which lie ncnv resides.

His liome-inalviiij^ was not for himself alone,
tor on April 2'i, 1845, lie was married to AHhs
Klizaheth .! . < 'hrisinan, and lie and his young
hridj coininenced tVontier life toi^ether. She
was a native of Virginia, and their marriage
WIS the first of wliite persons that had occurred
in Vain Hill oounty.

The little log caliin ciiutinued to ho their
liome for many years, wliere they resided in con-
tentment, until the rumors of {^old discoveries
in California reached the cars of the young lius-
hand. He finally concluded to seek his fortune
in that golden land, and accordingly left his
wife ami two haliies with a relative, while he
worked in the placer mines on the ^'uba river.
He coiitimied there for about :i year, meeting
with fair success, when he was taken ill, and re-
turned to his homo in Oregon. He had entirely
recovered from the gold fever, and ever after-
ward was coiitentcil to remain in his Oregon
home, wliere he has always lived an industrious,
honest life, and thus gained the esteem of his
community.

On February 28, 1891. his wife, the faithful
companion of forty-six years of his life, expired
in the inidstof her family and friends. She was
a lady of unusual intelligence, and possessed
many charms of person and manner. She was
a member of the Methodist K[)iscopal Church,
and a practical observer of the Christian virtues.

to which she li'iit the enthusiasm of a naturally
loving heart, and she was greatly lamented by
all who knew her.

They iiail live (diihlieii, two of whom are now
living, both residing on the home fariii. Mrs.
(Jilkey and Mrs. .StiUvell. To each of these
daughters he gu\c 100 acres of the original do-
nation elaiiii, and he is now spending his declin-
ing years with his 'ddest daughter, .Mrs. Mary
A. (iilkey.

This daughter is one of the two ladies who hail
the honor of first climbing to the top of Mount
Hood. She is a graduate of the Willanictte
I'liiversity, class of LSfiO, and was for tifteen
years an etlicient teacher in the |Hililic schools,
and was also, for some time the preceptress of
the academy, which was connected with the
I'acitic I'liiversity. She was married January
iiary 1(5, 1880, to Mr. William F. (Jilkey, a
native of New Hampshire, a millwright by
trade, now a highly res|iected cilizen of Orciron,
and they now reside on the farm on which his
wife was born. She is an active and \alued
member of the Methodist ('hurcli, and when the
churcli edifice was burned, she came to their aid,
and was a prominent helper in its rebuilding.
She raised the money by siibscriptiim, and it was
not long before a substantial new chnrcli build-
ing stood u])on the ashes of the former house of
worship.

In 187f') Mrs. (Jilkey took ,in extended trip
Hast, visiting the Centennial Exjiosition, and
seeing something of the vastiicss of her native
country; also in 1887, in company with her
husband, visited his native home.

The second daughter, Kliza, also graduated
from the Willamelto University, in the class of
1871, and afterward became a successful teacdier,
in which vocation she continued for two years.
She was then, in 187.i, married to Afr. John IS.
Stilwell, a native of Litchtield, Michigan, now
a well-known and esteemed citizen of Dayton,
Oregon. They also reside on the original claim,
which their parents rescued from the wild
prairie in 1845. ^fr. Stilwell has made teaching
his profession for years, and has the rare ability
of conveying his knowledge in such a manner as
to enlist the eiithusiasin of his piiiiils. He is
iiuite proininent in church affairs, and for five
years has been Superintendent of the Sunday-
school.

ilr. and Mrs. Stilwell have five children, three
daughters and two sons, all of whom are intelli-
gent, and give fair |iroinise of rellecting honor

iirsTnnr of oiiKnns*.

on till' Stiiti' cjf llu'ir iiiilivity : l.ciui. llic (iMot,
is now at ciillcc^rt", (Iliirc ('.. Inn, .lolm II. iiiiil
Miiry. lire still iit Iioiik'.

Mr. IJiiliiiisdii, wlioHc wMiiili'riiif;?* 1111(1 viciKHJ-
Iiidc's \v(! Imvc rdllowuil f(ii- !*ii iniiiiy yi'iiis and
wliii'li liavi' Ipucii (•((iiiiircs.-L'tl into .-o sinull a
8pa(;L'. is now in lii« suvunty-ninlli yvnv, diiriii;;
nil of wliicli time iio lias never varied t'roiii his
ciiHtoiiiar}' niirij^lit and industrioim career, lie
lias alliliated In [loliticB witli the Democratic
jmrty. the iiriiiciijles of svliieh a|i|)fared to liiin
the most eoiniiieiidalilc. It is throii^'h the in-
lliience of micli sons as he that Orcfjoii has
taken her iiroiid stand amontr the >ister States,
mid [ilanted her haniier on the raiiiprtrts of
the nation.

-=«-<?

ton MANN I .\'(i, one of the prosperous
fanners residing near llillshoroni^h in
Washington eonnty, ( )reffon, was horn in
Washington county, New York, Decern her 12,
183f), son of William and Kster Ann (Rogers)
Manninj;, both natives of the l-jiipire fState. lie
is the oldest in a family of four children, two
oi' whom are deceased. His father died of
typhoid fever when Loui was thirteen years old,
and at that early age lie was thrown upon his
own resources. At first he worked for ^4 per
month, and it was nine years before he received
more than ^',1 per month, notwithstanding he had
grown to lie a man and was a good hand. In
185i3 he went ti) Ohio, where for two years he
was en<.;aged in buying jiroduce for an uncle in
that State. In lS5u he went to Kansas, then to
I'ike's Peak, in 185',l, making and losing a
fortune at the latter place. lie started a horse
ranch, had ^7,000 worth of horses stolen from
liim by the InJiaiis. and this discouragement i
caused him to abandon the enterprise, and in
1804: he came West as far as Idaho. Then he
spent otie year ])ros])ecting in the Rocky mount-
ains. In 18()5 he came to Portland, wl.ere he
was for some time engaged in building flat-boats.
Ne.\t we find him conducting a dairy on Sauvies
island and selling his product in Portland. In
1860 lu> went to eastern Oregon, where for four-
teen years he was engaged in raising horses, at
times having as many as 250 head. At first he
gave his attention to thoroughbreds and draft
horses anti afterward to trotters. In 1882 he
came to Washington county and took a donation

cliiiin of .'(:,'(! acres, two miles iioilli ol Hills
borough, which properl\ he has since ilcvrlopcd
into his iire-cnt beautiful and valuable farm.

.Iiiiiiiiiiy M, IST'J. Mr. Manning iimriied Mrs.
Sarah Kli/.abelh Wilcox, who r'aiii ■ to ( )regoii in
iSfi"), and who was born in Missonii Scptenibcr
2s, ix:it), daiightcnd' Wuoi'seM Si oir<;iii, anative
of 'I'ennessee. She has liirce children by her
former marriage, natnelv: Marinn Wilcox, of
I'orthind; William L. Wilco.x, who is now
serving his se<'ond term as Sherilf of (iillinm
county, Oregon, and Mary l,eti<'ia, wife of
Reuben P. Simon, also a resident of (illliaiii
county. Mrs. .Manning is a worthy member of
the ( 'oiigregatioiial ('liiircli at Hillsborough.

Politi<'ally jMr. Manning alliliates with the
Democratic ])arty. lie is a man who stands
high ill the commuiiitv in which he resides and
is in every way worthy of the respect and esteem
in which he is held by all who know him.

'<y£i\-'. .1'

f.WID STKINKR. senior member of the
firm of Sleiner & l!liis.-er, Salem, Oregon,
is a native of the .Stale of ( lliio, born .lan-
uary 25,184:5. His father, ( 'hristiaii Sleiner,
emigrated from Switzerland to the United Slates
in 1827, and settleil in Wayne county, Ohio;
lu' married Miss Barbara llilty, a native of
Switzerland, and of this union ten children were
born, seven of whom survive. David Sfeinei-
is the third in order of birth; he was reined to
the life of a fariiK'r, and received his education
in the common schools; he served an apjireii-
ticeship at the tinners' trade at liiifKiigton,
Allen county, Ohio, and there followed this
vocation for a period of ten years.

In 1870 he made a trip to the Pacific coast,
but did not locate here permanently until 1881,
when he removed to Salem. In Feluiiary, 1882,
he formed a partnership with Abraham lilosser,
his brother-in-law, and they havi' since built up
one of the most iniporliint and profitable traders
in the city. They first rented a store on State
street, and occupied this building until 1887,
when tl'.ey purchased the block they now occupy;
they carry a large stock of stoves, furnaces, and
tin roofing, and do a large business in the man-
ufacture of tinware. Mr. IMosser has charge of
the manufacturing establishment, and Air.
Steiner directs the large force of men they em-
ploy on outside work. They are pushing, eiier-

'->.

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Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

'^'^s

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880

Ut STORY Oh' ORKQON.

f^etic men, jwssessml of exct'llont biiKiiiess (jiial-
itications, and merit tlie siicccs' witli wliii-li
tlmy have met.

Mr. Steincr was married, in 1S71, to Miss
Mary Si'liuiier, a native of Switzerland; tliis
union lias lieen lilcssed witii three children, who
were liorn in Ohio: AlhcM't Henry, Armin
Theodore and Lillie K.; the older son is in his
father's emiiloy; .\rmin is learning the drnu;
trade, and f.illie is attending school. I'oliti-
cally, Mr. Steiner snpport.s the issues of the
Deinoeratic part}', lie ih a memlicr of the
Koyal .\rrauinn, a secret society which insures
its members for *;{,()()(), and gives them ati al-
lowance, if re([Mired, when sick. Jle is u man
of excellent linsiness (|Mali(ications, and highly
r<fgarded in commercial circles throughout the
State.

-^<

>i-j=—

»()N. J. (). ST A ATS. of Airlie. Polk
county. Oregon, has the honor of being
^._ one of I'olk county's native sons. He
was born I)e(^end>er .'>. 1851. and springs from
noble German ancestry, who came to .\merica
early in the history of the country. au<l settled
in the State of New ^'ork. His father. Isaac
Staats, was born in .Mbauy. New '>'(irk, Sep-
tember '23. 1814. He was reared in his native
State, but came to Orej^on in 184.") and married.
May 10. 184(J. a Miss Orlcna Williams, a native
of Tennessee, liorn March 4, 1827, dauiihter
of .lames V,. Williams. Mr. Staats took a deep
interest in the p(]|itics of Oregon. He was a
Democrat in politics, and was the first jiost-
uiaster ajipoiTited on the Luckamute; he also
wa.s the first Justice of the Peace in that vicin-
ity, and lielil that othce so satisfactorily that he
was c^intinucd in olHc.e for twenty-live to thirty
years, and during that time never had one of
liii. decrees I'cversed. He was an enterprisiufr
farmer, who reared a family of seven children,
tixeofwhom are settle, nea" whore they were
bo 'u. all of them beinjjf worthy citizens. The
fa'.hcr died Augn.-t t, 1889, but his wife still
s\irvi\(> him, residing on the original donation
claim, where she enjoys the respect and esteem
of all who know her.

Onr subject of this sketch was reared on the
farm and attended the pnblic scliools. I,ater
he was sent to the Willumetle University at
Salem. After this he served as clerk in a store

for two years, learning the management of a
business, which knowledge proved to be of
great value to him later on. He then rented a
portion of his father's farm and farmed it for
some time, when he inherited fifty acres of his
father's estate, to which he has added until he
now has 220 acres of choice land. On an emi-
nence overlooking the CTitire Luckamute valley
he has built a comfortable residence, where lie
resides with his wife and only chihl, a daugh-
ter. Bertha, born .November 10. 1878.

Our subject was married, May 4, 1876, to
Kliza J. .\llen, born in Washington county,
Oregon, September 21, 1801, daughter of James
Allen, of Iowa, and an Oregon pioneer.

Mr. Staats is an intelligent man ami a snc-
cessful farmer. In politics he is a strong Dem-
ocrat, and takes a deej) interest in j)olitical
affairs. At the general election held in June,
189(t, he was elected a Justice of the Peace to
succeed his lather, which position he filled cred-
itably for two years.

In 1802 he was nominated for State Hepre-
gentative, and he made a successful ami credit-
able canvas of the county, evincing great
aliility in his speeclies. lie showed bis popu-
larity with the people by receiving, in a very
dose election, a nuijority of 272 votes, running
considerably ahead of hi.- ticket. Mr. Staats
has a level head, and will make a record to be
proud of i his term in the House. Whatever
position he may bo called u[)on to fill in the
future, the people of his county mav feel assured
that he will do his best for his State anil county.

.VLTKU S. BROWN, a mitive of Jo-
sephine county. Oregon, was born Jan-
miry 17, 18o!i. His father, Joseph
liroWM. a native of Missouri, crossed the ijlains
to Oregon in 1852, and subsequently married
Miss Klizabeth Hay, who arrived in Oregon
with the emigration of 1854. They an; now
located ujiou a fruit farm near Corvallis.

\\'alter S. was e<lucated at Harrisburg and
began to support himself at the age of fifteen
years by entering the stock business in Grant
county, as laborer, and by saving his wages and
investing them in cattle, he gradually worked
into th(! I)usiiu!8s. He subsequently pre-empted
ItiO acres of land as head<juarters and Cor corral
purpo.'^es and with free grazing throughout the

nrsTo/ir of on/iaoN.

country, liis eattlt- niii at large, liis Imml viiry-
iiig from 300 to 800 head, aceonliiiii; to the con-
dition of tlic market, ("rossiiiir the coinmon
cow with the (ialloway stock, lie has produced
a breed well adapted to the <'oiintry, beiiii; linrdy,
good ffrazers and iilile alike to endure the ilitli-
cultiea of the severe winters and the heat of the
summers. Mr. JSrowii has also 100 head of
horses, well-hred and fine stock for i^eneral
utility of purpose. Residiufr upon his ranch in
Grant county until 1891 he then i'emt)veil to the
vicinity of IIarrisl)urir, where lit? owns 210
acres of land adjoining the town and 500 acres
five miles south in Lane county. He sows
annually about 400 acres of grain and continues
his stock interests.

lie was married in his present home, then
ow'icd liy his t'ather-in-law, to Miss Minnie
lloult, March 4, 1885. She is a dauirhter of
Enoch Iloult, a pioneer of 1852, and a promi-
nent person in political affairs, having been a
memlier of the ('onstitutional Convention, and
several times elected to the State Legislature.

Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two children, Car-
lyle and Iloult. Mr. Urown is a member of
L ().(). F., i>ut has given but little attention to
jiolitical affairs, as liis life has been devoted to
stock and agricultural pursuits, in which he has
been very successful.

a:^ :@©-^-^^^

fK()R(iE IIEUU.VLL. one of I'ortlandV
pioneers and successful business men, is a
native of I'aden I'aden. (iermany, liorn on
the nineteenth day of November. 1832. Tliei'e
lie was reared and edncateil and learned the trade
of brc'Wer, and cooper. In 1850 lie removed to
Alsace, France, and worked at his trade until
1852. when he sailed for New York on the steam-
ship "Yankee Blade." He worked his passage
as carpenter's mate, and received for his serv-
ices SI and bis passage to the United States.
After landing in New York he made his way
westward to ( >liio and worked at his trade in tlia*
stnte, eight months. He then removed to Gale-
na, Illinois, and there became acquainted with
U. S. Grant, who afterward became the greatest
soldier of any country, in his time. In the spring
of 1854, still bent on the westward course, he en-
tered into an agreement to help drive 125 horses
across the plains to California for his board.
While on this perilous journey, at Willow creek.

a band of what he understood lo be Mormons
jilalined to attad; ihcm, and rob IJieiii of their
Morses. A Frenchman, who had aoniewiiv heard
of the plot, told them to be on their guard as
mischief was intended: so they were prepared
for the attack. Five of the company received
gunshot wininda. .Mr. Ilerrall was wounded
ill the leg. but soon recovered. The bodies of
three of the attacking parties were left on thetield
of battle. The coinpanv made a successful trip,
arriving at their destiiiation in safety. Mr.
Ilerrall went to the mines in < >regon and en-
gaged in placer mining. Here fortune favored
him and he met with satisfactory success. The
largest find of gold he found was worth #45.
One piece, weighing an ounce, he has kept as a
relic, of his mining days. In .losepliine county,
in 1855, the Indians l)roke out and all were
obliged to leave the mountains for safety. Mr.
Ilerrall, with others of the miners, organized a
Company to ])rotect theiiistdves. About thirty-
five of them in all. served under Major Bradford,
who is still living. They used doiible-barreleci
shotguns, with buck shot, anil the Inilians fled
before them. In later years the Indian war vet-
erans crgiinized an association and .Mr. Ilerrall
wears a handsome "old badge as a token of his
services to the country in the Inclian war, and
as also a proof of niembershi|i in the Indian War
Veteran Society, lie mined for about live years
in Oregon, and in 18()1. was offered S7o,0()0 for
his mining interest. Not long after the flood
swept it all away. He was for a time in ("res-
cent (3ity. Del Norte county. (Jalifornia, and in
March. 1S02. came to I'ortland. Ho had first
gone to Malio, but did not Mkc it. so decided to
try I'ortland. He here took a position as porter
in a store, later liee'igage<l in tliegroccr\' ami
provision business, and conducted itsuccessfiillv
eleven years, then sold out and, in 1870, became
a brewer. It is in this business that he has been
engage<l ever since and in which he has made
his entire fortune. His lirst brew(>ry was a small
affair on Front street between (Juliinibia and
Clay, where he continueil three years, doing a
remunerative and increasing business. In 1879
he purchased his present proi)eity, located on
Harrison an<l Water streets, where he owns a
block and a third. Here he has built the I'nited
States Brewery and a line residence. ;ilso si!veral
other buildings. When he went to the locality
he had to cut the trees to make room for his
buildings. Mr. Heirall has invested in other
city property and theeiihanccd valui' of it alone

884

It I STORY OP OBKOON.

Iiiia Ih'lmi hiilHcit.'iit tu iiiukf liiiti I'icli. 11 in
brewery business has lieuii one of coiistiiiit pros-
lierity. lie was iiiai'i-itMi in IhoS, t(» Miss Mary
Anne (irittin, a native of Iri'laml. Two sons
Were born to tlieni in Portland, (Jeorifc llerrali,
.Ir. and CliarlesW. llerrali. Hotli were born
and bave ijeen raised and edncated in the city of
Portland and are now conneeted with their
father in his business, and are capable and oblig-
ing younjf buainess men.

Mrs. llerrali di(^d on the 20th of Noveniiier.
IStjy. and in tluly of the year followini?. Mr.
llerrali married Miss Mary Ann Cross, a native
of Knij,laM<l.

Ml', llerrali is a membjr of the I. O. O. V.
in all its branches and is a member of several
<jf the (iernian <duirilable socities. lie voted
tor President Lincoln and all the Kepubliean
j)rcsidents until .Mr. Cleveland ran. when he
gave him iiis vote and now is indepenilent in
his pc)litieH, at liberty to vote with the party
that comes nearest to iiis ideas of rii^ht. Mr.
llerrali has been a man of integrity and by close
attention to business has attained his present
l)ro8perity.

^^ 'W&'^S -^ ' ^^

loUNELIUS I!. KOHKUTS. an influential
citizen of rnnitilla county, Orej^on,
was born in Huclnimm county, Missoi ri,
( K'tober '.iT, 1M54. His father, Jesse Uoberts, a
i'ientM<'Uian by birth, nnirried Mise Virginia C.
liurris, a Virginian. The grandfather of the
subject of this sketch was Cornelius iJoberta, of
Hncbinan county, Missouri, a wealthy planter
and slaveholder, but a loyal rnionist. He was
County tludgeof this county during the war of
the Rebellion. Jesse Koberts, the father, moved
to Kansas in iSoti and located on a claim on
which a part of theeity of Leavenworth is now^
built. In IMi^t. one of the most tiying years of
.the wai.tlie father lost most heavily in business,
investments depreciating more tiian KM) per
cent during this year. Tiie loss was keenly felt
by the entire family, but especially ('ornelius,
till' oiliest sor., who above all things coveted a
liberal education.

All time not re(|iiired by his parents from his
tenth to nineteenth year was sjient in the school-
room, and at that age lie left his native State and
emigrated to Oregon, there engaging alternate-
ly in attending school and teaching, until the
summer of 187S, when there was an attack of

the Snake Indians. There was a call for a State
Militia, and ilr. Woberts promptly offered his
services and was chosen Second Lieutenant of
his company and performed valuable services as
scout, and correspondent for several newspapers,
among them the I'last Oregonian.

Having acquired a love for newspaper wurk,
he spent the next five years at thai vocation, and
as reporter and editor became well known as a
\ igorous writer. He is present editor of the
Oregon Herald.

Mr. Uoberts was married in 1S83, to Miss
Sarah I'".. Pendleton, niece of .Senator Pendleton,
for whom the city of Pendleton is named.

Mrs. Uoberts was born in Missouri, is a well
educated lady and a valued member of the
Methodist Kpiscopal Church.

Her pareiitss emigrated to Oregon while she
was (juite small. She received her encation in
Marion county.

Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Rob-
erts came to Umatilla county, and secured 1(50
acres of land, to which they kejit adding land
and siieep until they now have more than 2,(100
acres of land and l,50(t choice sheep, of which,
with true Scotch characteristics, they are very
proud, Mr. Koberts remarking that no genera-
tion of the family have been without sheep,
since his great granilparents, who owned twenty
score of Cheviots in the Cheviot Hills of Scot-
land in the year 1711. Mr. Roberts has now
reached a period in life when he can take things
a little more comfortably ; but the habit of a life-
time cannot be easily changed; so ho takes a
very active interest in political afl'airs.

He was honored witli nomination I'or the Rep-
resentative from his district, and although the
party that nominated him was in the minority
lie would lia'(( been elected, had nor the Repub-
licans told iiie Indians that, should the Demo-
crats come in power, it was their intention to
serve the Indians of the West as they had the
negroes of the South, namely, make slavt^s of
them.

Mr. Roberts is a Mason ami a sincere (iliurch
menib(»r.

e©^--<'K

?AMES V. P.HWLKV, deceased, was an Ore-
gon pioneer of 18-17, and a highly respected
and enterprising citizen. He was born in
Tennessee, April 'J, 182s, the son of John W

U I STORY OF ORBaoN.

VHTi

and Ctttliorine (Ellib) Hewley, hotli of wIkhii were
natives of Tonricssfc. Of tlieir twelve cliildren,
tiv« are still living.

Mr. liewley, the tliird child in tlie above fam-
ily, removed to IndinnH, ami afterward to Mis-
BOiiri, and tinally, in 1847, the family made the
long journey to this State with ox teams. They
tirHt stopjied at Whitman's mission, where their
son, Crocket A. I'owley, was one of the killed,
wiien Dr. Whitman and others were massacred
by the Indians. Soon afterward the father died,
and the family settled at Oregon City, and re-
mained there until IS+S). They then moved to
Yam Hill connty, where the motiier married
Colonel .1. r>. Gravet^. Her death occurred at
Salem in 1867.

In the spring of 18r)2, Mr. I'.ewley, our snl)-
ject, took up his donation claim near Sheridan,
a half section of land. The following Sejitem-
ber he was married, and he moved upon Iiis
land, occupying a small aiul cliea|) frame house.
In 1860 he solil out and moved to his wife's
father's donation claim, 320 acres, which he pur-
chased and proceeded to improve and cultivate,
making it a valualde piece of ])roperty. In
1882 he retired from the farm, and resided ten
months at Forest Grove, and then came to
AIcMinnville and purchased a tive-acre l)lock,
and erected upon it a nice re8iden<'e. now in the
corporate limits; it is a very ])ictures(jue loca-
tion. In this pleasant honu' they resided, at
the same time carrying on the farm until 1888,
when Mr. Bewley was recklessly shot l>y a young
marshal at Sheridan. This sad event was lirought
about in this way: There was snuill-|)c)\ at
McMinnville, atul the place was ipnirantined.
Mr. Iiewley went to his farm, and stopped to see
a man at Sheridan, when the officer met him
and a colloquy occurred, in which Mr. Bewley
wasorderetl to throw up his hands. lie had no
sooner done so than he was shot and killed. His
son attem|)ted to shoot the murder- but failed.
Mr. I'ewley was in his sixtieth yeai. lie was a
successful, enterprising and reliable citizen. In
Ills political principles he was a Ue|)ul)Iican;
was a strong suppiu-ter of U.S. (irant.

The son was married in October, 1888, to
Annie U. Young, a native of New York, and he
Ib now managing the farm.

September 12, 18r)2. is the date of Mr.
Bewley 's marriage to Miss Lucy E. Graves, a
native of Missouri, and the daughter of Colonel
Graves, his stepfather: The (iraves family were
also pioneers of 1847. Mr. and Mrs. Bewley's

first son l)orn in Oregon, was naiiieil Crocket .\.,
to commemorate Mr. liewley's brother, who was
killed by the Indians. This son was born .Inly
;U. 1853, but he ilied while yet a boy. Tiiu
second and only other child, IJoswell !,., was
born December 21, 1864. Mrs. IJewley resides
at the home in McMinnville. She is .lunior
\'ice- ['resident of the Woniiurs Uelief ("orps of
Custer I'ost, No. 5, G. A. \l.. and she is also a
valut^d meinlier of the Cumberland I'resbytcriaii
('hurch, and a nuMnber of the Ladies' Aid
Society. She is an intelligent lady, and a liigbly
esteemed ( )reg()n pioneer.

■IIOMAS MoCI.KI-L.WI). D. !)., i'rcsi-
dent of Bacitic University, at I''ore8t
(irovc. Oregon, was l)orn in (^uiliy, county
Derry, Ireland, May 1, 184li. His ancestors on
lioth sides were Scotch. The Hrst of the name
and family to settle in Ireland was John
Mc('lelland, a Bresbyterian clergyman", who,
with many of like faith, came to the provinct^
of Ulster about U')26, thereto find that religious
freedom, which prelaticai l)igotry at that tim'j
denied to nonconformists in Scotland. To the
firmness and religious zeal of tiiese men is due
the establishment of the Bresbyterian Cliuridi of
Ireland. The parents of the subject of our
sketch, William and Margaret (Stniley) McClel-
land, settled with their family in Cafasaiiquii,
Lehigh county, I'ennsylvania, in 18(9. _ His
father filled an itnportaiit positioti in the l,ehigh
Crane Iron (Jotii|)any of that place, and became
at oiu'c prominent in the afi'airs of the town. He
was oimof the founders of tiie Fir>t Bresbyterian
Church, in which place he was an Kider for ten
years. In 185'J the family removeil to Mciidon,
Illinois, and in the winter of 1867 '68 Thomas,
who was the youngest son. entered Denmark
Academy, at Denimirk, Iowa, from which insti-
tution he graduated two years later. In 1871
he entered Oberlin College, graduating from the
classical cour.se in 187ij. After graduation he
spent two years as assistant prin('ij)al of Den-
mark Academy. His theological education was
received at Union Theological Sen)inary, New-
York city, and at Andover Seminary, Andover,
Massachusetts. He graduated from the latti^r
institution in 1880.

He was then called to the professorsliip of
Mental Bhilosophy and Logic in Tal»or Col-

»H(J

UtsTOltV Oh' OH/COON.

lege, Tiilior. louii, which [iiitiitioM I'c rtwii^iii<(l
after ten ycai's' service, to accept the [iresiiloiK^y
of I'auitic University, at Forest (ii'ove, Oregon,
eiiterinj^ npon his duties in tiiis institution on
Septeiiilier l(i, 18!tl. lie at once increased the
teaching force, and raised and Btreiij^tiiened tiie
courses. A new coilfife l)uildiiiK is soqii to he
(M'eeted, at a cost of !j(50,()()(), and tiie outh>ok
for the university was never more promising
tiian now.

Doctor Mc(Jlelland was married on Au^rnst
lit, 188(1, to Miss Harriet C. Oay, a daugliter of
Kcliiii.^f; ahd Mary L. (In-fads) Day, of Den-
mark, Iowa. Tiiey Inive tliree cliildren: Kcl-
higg Day, (Jocliran iJruce and Until Marjorie.

J. WHITKAKER is an iionored Oregon
jiioneer of 1848. an Oregon Indian war
■> veteran and a ])Pominent Polk county
farmer, lie was horn in Washington county.
Viroinia, October 29, 1824. Ilis ancestry
traces liack to both England and Wales. Grand-
father Uichard Whiteaker etnigrated from Wales
previous to the Revolution and settled in North
Carolina, wiiere he married Rachel Bently and
reared a family of live sons and four daughters.
Ill- was a participant in 'he Revolutionary war
and lived to be eiglitly-two years of age. Ben-
jamin Whiteaker was his youngest son, and was
born in North Carolimi iti 17!>t), and he became
tiie fatlier of our subject. lie married Mary
Ilayter, who was born in N'irginia in 1S()8, and
there they were married in 182;{ and removed
to Illinois in the fall of 18:{(i. They settled at
Inlet (irove, ninety miles west of Chicago, and
were among the pioneers there. Tiiey had then
five sons ami three daughters, and he and his
wife crossed the plains with this family in 1849
with oxen. The oldest son was in his twenty-
fourth year. Mr. Whiteaker had eight yi>ke of
oxen, three wagons and bioiight with liim his
cMrpenter tools, two plows and harrow teeth that
were made of inch s((uare iron. They also
lirought tiie family Hible and a few books and
some of the family relics, which tiiey prized.
They also brought with them the staples for
some months jirovisions. and thus cipiippeil the
pioneer. I'.eiijamin Whiteaker, and all that he
lield dear on earth cut loos<< from civilization to
cross tiie ])lains, which were infested with savage
beasts and little less savage Indians. They

started to found a home for themselves, and this
they found in the mild climate* of the lieautifiil
and rich Willamette valley in Oregon. It was
a hazardous undi^rtaking, but a laudable one.
Tlie brave pioneer acconi|)lished it, and his chil-
dren now possess the lan<l, which by persistent
courage he ac(juired. They arrived at Foster's
farm (V-tober 5 and on the 11th they reached
Polk county, and tlm following spring he pur-
chased the Dr. Hoyle donation claim of ()4(> acres
of choice land. The price paid was ^250, wliicii
was less than forty cents an acre. < )n this
property lie finished rearing his family, and on
it he resided until he died in his seventy-seventh
year. < Mi it he and his good and pioneer wife
have been buried in a beautiful spot selected by
themselves, and ai<led by frientis the children
buried their parents. Tliey were Haptists. and
had a faith which reaches beyond this life.

The son, David Jesse, remained with his
father, helping to improve the broad acres until
the fall of 1849 when, lured by the gold fever, he
went overland to ("alifornia and dug for gold on
the Yuba and Feather rivers. He made a few
hundred ilollars, but wa- taken sick and spent
what he had made. Flour there was SI a pound
and other things were equally high, and it only
took a short time to eat up a few hundred dollars.
He returned to Oregon overland again and at
that time the Rogue river Indians were (piite
hostile. In the winter of 1848-'49 Mr. White-
aker had taken liis donation claim adjoining that
of his father on and this he now lives. No
surveys liad been made and he took a large plow
and a heavy team and plowed around what lie
wanted for his section and included enough so
that when it was surveyed the lines were all, but
one, a good ways under the furrow. The men
of the family engaged in raising stock. In 185(;
he volunteered in the Indian war and furnished
his own horse and equipped himself, lie served
nine months under (iovernor Stephens and under
Captain Coff and Colonel Shaw, ami for nine
days they suffered for want of food. They ate
horses and crows, althcnigh the latter made them
sick. At first he could not eat so he subsisted
on very little. They had some severe fights
with the Indians and lost two or three of their
men at I'.urnt river. In 1859 Mr. Whiteaker
and his brothers went with the ;tock to Walla
Walla county in Washington. They took "240
head of cattle with them, and he remained in
tiiat business for twenty years In 1801 he had
greatly increased the herds, and there came a

lIlSTOIiY OF OUKddS.

i«t

■>

liiird winter, in wliicli ttiuy lost nearly all of the
stock. lie thinks the lar^e iierilH were reduced
until only fourteen were left, Imt he did not yive
it up, and later prospered in the business.
Miniiifj; bej^an in Idaho, and the |)rico of stock
went up, and they did well.

On the I'Jtii of March, 1871, lie married in
Washington Territory Miss Lucy L. Titus, a
native of Indiana, and the dau)^liter of James
L. Titus, a native of New York This pioneer
lias thrice crossed the plains, and now resides
with Mr. and Mrs. Whitenker, in his seventy-
third year.

In 1870 Mr. and Mrs. Whiteaker retired to
Polk county and resided in Independence for
live years, and then came to the donation claim
on which they have since resided, and they are
living in the cosy home, which he built forty
years aire. They are worthy members of the
Methodist Church. lie does not ])ay much
attention to polities, but he always voted with
the Democrats. Mr. Whiteaker has almost
reached three score and ten mark, but he still
retains his faculties, and has yet much strength
and endurance. While he does not need to work
he keeps up his habits of industry, and still re-
tains the 320 acres he took up as his donation
claim. In addition to hi.s he has stores and
other property in Independence, lie enjoys the
good-will and esteem of all who have the pleasure
of his acquaintance.

fRANKLIN S. I'OWELL, one of Oregon's
most worthy and resj)ecte(l citizens, came
to this State in 1851. He was born in
Illinois, March 20, 18;}0, and is of German and
Welsh ancestry. The ancestors on both sides
of the family were early settlers of the country,
and participated in the struggle independence,
and the later wars. The grandfather. Joseph
I'owell, was born in Virginia, and served in the
war of 1812, while the great-grandfather on the
mother's side, served in the Revolutionary war.
Mr. I'owell's father, John A. I'owell, was born
in Ohio, January 20, 1810. He was only
eighteen years old when he and his father's
family removed to Illinois, where he married
Miss Savilla Smith, a native of Ohio, born Sep-
tember 10, 1812. She was the darghter of
Joseph 15. Smith, a native of Ohio, whose people
had emigrated from Wales to this country.

After his marriage Mr. I'owell roided in Me
nanl county. Illin.iis, until .\[)ril. 1S,">1, when lie
and his family crossed the ])liiin> to ()regon.
TluTe Were nine children in the family tliat Mr.
I'owell brought from Illinois. One of the
daughters. Therissa, who married William .Mc-
Kaden, came with the party, and ilicd after
reaching the Rlue mountains, when but twenty-
two years of age. leaving two children. Aside
from this sad e\ent the journey was a safe and
pleasant one. .They settled on a dunatidii claim
on the Santiam, in Linn county, on which Mr.
I'owell resided until 1S70, when he relireil from
his farm to Albany, and remained until bin death,
in 1880. He bad been a CJhristian minister ami
evangelist, and bad held many glorious meetings
in Oregon and Washington. He was a man of
fine powers of elixjuenee and did much good.
His memory is held dear by thousands, who
svere benefited by his |ireacliing. Iliswil'i; sur-
vived him until 1880, when her death occiirre(l.
She had been his most faithful helpmate in all
his un<lertakings, trials and labors. She died
jx-acefully in the faith she hail hehl for so nnmy
years.

Our sid)ject was the second chihl. and was
twenty-two when the trip was made across the
plains. Our subject ])referred to start In his
new life with a wife, so before he left his native
State, March 20, 18.jI, he married Miss Louisa
J. Peeler, who was born in Illinois, .\piil 20,
18.30, daughter of Rev. Abner Peeler, also a
minister of the Christian ("liiirch. They came
to Oregon and took tip a donation claim in Linn
county, eight miles east of Albany. Here they
buili their first house, ami lived iind labored
here for twenty-one years. Their industry met
with success, and in 1870 they came to I'olk
county, and in 1874 Mr. Powell |)urchascd lii>
present home of 32t'i acres of laixl. whii'li was
one-half of the 'dd l>. F. Whitaker claim. He
built on this property and has improved the
land, until it is one of the best farms of the
county. He came to his present location to be
near the college, in wlii(di he has taken a deep
interest for many years, and of which he has
bet'ii a trustee for the past twenty-two years.
He has also been a member of the Kxecutive
Hoard for a number of years. He has given
the college valuable assistance in many ways.

Mr. I'owell is one of the stockholders ami
founders of the I'olk County I'ank. and is also
one of the founders and stockhohlers of the
motor rouil. which connects the two railroads on

I^t)

l/lsTOItr OF OJtMfKKV.

the ut'Ht ttidu, as \vnll iis cniiiiccts fliu city of
Moninoiitli with tlie city of lii(lf[)(>ii(lciice. He
liHit also aithftl in thi' construction of a fnune
Wiirelioiihe at Alhany ami one at Inil('|)cniJ('nce,
and lias h('l<l hiuiHcIf ready to hcii) in all of the
(•nterpriscs caluulntud to lieneht the city or
(■omity.

Mr. and Afr. Powell havct had eight children,
six (if whom are li\ing, namely: J. M. is a
iihyHician of Spokane city. Washington; fluhn
18 a farmer in Polk county; I'erry ( ». is a inin-
ibterof the (Christian Cluirc.h. and a graduate of
Vale College, and is located in Missouri;
Matintha marrieil Mr. Marion .Vrrant, and they
are farmers in l.inn county.; Ira (). is cashier of
the I'idk ('oiinty Hank; and .lay 1. is at home
with his parents. Mr. and Mrs. Powell are
hoth valued memhers of the Christian (Jhurch,
in which he is one of the elders. He is a Ue-
pidilican in politics, and has taken a lively in-
terest in the political affairs of the county. State
and country, and in 1889 he was elected a
member of the State Legislature, and served
honorably and creditably one term. While re-
sidini^ in Linn county, he served as Jiistioo of
the Peace. He has a tine reputation for solid
business integrity. He iscjuietand unassiiuiing
in nnmners, and is a thoroughly good man, as
his host of friends can testify.

§()X. .VLANSON HINMA.N. of Forest
(irove, canio to Oregon in 1844, and is
a native of New York, born May 1, 18"22.
His father, .\rvid Hinman, was also born in
New Wirk, and he traced his ancestry back to
Kngland, from where they came to New Kng-
lauil early in the history of the colonies. He
married Miss Deidamin Ueynolds, and they
had I'leven children, of whom eight were raised
to maturity, but only two now survive, Mr.
IHnman and his brother Henry, who now re-
sides in New Nork city.

Mr. IHnman was the eighth child, and he
was raised and educated iu (Mieiiango county,
New York, and came to Oregon in his twenty-
pocond year. His tirst winter in Oregon was
spent in teaching school at Walla Walla for Dr.
Whitman, iu the following year he went to
the Willamette valley and taught two years in
the Salem Institute (\\o\v the Willamette Uni-
versity). \t the cud of the two years he re-

signed to go to the Dalles ami take charge of
the secular otiices for Dr. Whitman. Mr. llin-
iiinn retnained there until the Whitman mas-
sacre. He then went to Washington county and
stopp<id in the vicinity of Forest (trove, where
in the following spring he took a donation claim
of ()4(l acres, southwest of Forest (irove. He
remained on the property six years and then sold
it, and later repurchased 300 acres of it, and
now has oOO acres on whiidi his son is farming.
In 1854 lie went to Forest Grove and purcliased
ten acres, on which they built a liome, and lie
has twice replaced the house by a better one,
until the present one is a model for beauty and
comfort. He has added to tlio original land un-
til he now has 100 acres. From 18(i2 to 1804,
he conducted a mine supply store at Auburn
and in Idaho City, in which he has been quite
snccossfni. The next year he returned to the
scenes of his childhood and spent many pleasant
days visiting relatives. In 1807 he received
the a|)pointinent of Collector of Customs, and
was located for a time at Astoria. In 186(5 he
was elected to the State Legislature, and also
served as County Commissioner. He also eon-
ducted a successful mercantile business in For-
est Grove, under the firm name of A. Hinman,
dealer in general merchandise. In Jnly, 181)1,
he sold out and retired from active bnsiiicss.

Mr. Hinman married Miss Martha Elizabeth
.lones Gerrish on .1 une 17, 1840. She was a
native of Alabama and the daughter of James
Gerrish, of English birth. The following chil-
dren were added to their union: The eldest died
in its infancy: .Vrvid, deceased July, 1892, re-
sided in Idaho; Mary Ellen is at home with iier
parents; Ida is now Mrs. ,V. II. Leabo; Sarah
died in her second year; Oliver is a hardware
merchant; Alanson is in Chicago attending a
dental college; and Charles died when three
years of age. Mrs. Hinman died in 1862, and
in the spring of 1865 Mr. Hinman inarried Miss
Sophia Margaret Powen, of Oberlin, Ohio, and
the daughter of Lucius E. Powen, of Connecti-
cut, an early settler of New England. Two sons
blessed their union: ('harles liUcius, who is on
a farm, and Frank William, who is at Ellenburg
in the hardware business with his brother Oliver.

Mr. Hinman joined the I'rosbyterian Church
when he first came to Oregon, but on his re-
moval to Forest Grove, there being no church of
that denomination in the place, he joined the
Congregationalists in the spring of 1848, and
has since been a worthy member, aiding the

nisronv or oii/iooif.

chiircli in all its uiidertHkiiigB. Mr. Ilininnii
Ims lieeu in the Btock liiii>iiic8B nnd iilsu in tlte
fniit hiisinesfi. At one time ho wi'iit to Sun
I'rancMHCo anil pnrchaci'il !j(H,00() worth of goodn,
and WHS retiirninf^ to ( )rt»{^(in on the Northorner,
wiien she was wrecked and ho lost all his jrc)0(lt*,
which WftH a ifreat loss to him, hut ho I'olt too
thankfnl at encapinir with his life to i^rumhlo
very mnch. Thirty-one of the sailors and pas-
een^jors wore killed on that dark and stormy
nij^ht. lie made his way to the slioi'O throngh
breakers that threatened every moment to en-
ffnlf him. He had a life-preserver on and a
rope had been stretched from the ship to the
shore, and the captain had f^iven them all onlers
to hold fast to it until the shore was reached or
it would he impossible to reach it, lint Mr. Uin-
nian soon fonnd that the rope would drag him
nndcr if he did not let jro, so he made the suc-
cessfnl attempt to swim to the shore. If others
had followed his example there wonld have been
fewer lives lost.

At the incorpoi'ation of the Tnalitin Academy
and the I'acitic Cniversity, in 1854. he was
chosen a trnstee, aiid at the present writing is
the only snrviving charter member. He lias
serve<l on the I'oard of Trustees as its efficient
and worthy president for fourteen years, and in
this capacity .is putting forth every effiirt to
raise the money for their $50,000 building,
which effort is meeting with suHicient success
to make the accomplishment a certainty.

tKXllY J. IS'OHLE, a typical Oregon ])io-
neer. and a man highly respected for his
many estimable (jualities, resides on a
farm near Xewberg. The lives of many of
these Western pioneers, were they written np
in full, would make a volume more interesting
than any novel, for truth is, indeed, stranger
than fiction. The following sketch, while only
a succinct one, will be found of interest to
many, as Mr. Noble is well known in this
vicinity.

Henry J. Noble was born in Kentucky in
1832. His ancestors came from Scotland to
America previous to the Revolutionary war, and
his grandfather. Alexander Noble, fought for
independence in that struggle. His father,
Henry Xoble. was born in Pounsvlvaiiia, ami
his mother, Mary (Layton) Noble, was a native

of South Carolina. In 1845 this worthy couple
and their six children started across the plains
for Oregon. Tiie company with which they
traveled finally divided, s(>ine going to Califor-
nia, some continuing on the old emigrant I'oad,
while about forty wagons, among which wcici
Mr. Ni^i)le and family, followed Mr. Meek on
his cut-ofT, whicii he thought would bring tluMu
by a shorter way to the Willamette valley, with-
out passing the Dalles. The history of this ex-
pedition is well known, their harrowing ox-
periences having been porti-ayed miiiUtely and
forcibly by many a master hand. They became
lost, whereupon ^h\ Meek deserted them and
they wandered helplessly aliout in tlui great
American desert for six or eight weeks. 'I'hcy
traveled for days at a time tlu'oiigli sand and
sage brush, the branches of which Irtter shrub
were six or eight feet long. Their teams be-
came footsore and jaded, so that they made
vci'y slow headway, some days making not itioro
than five or six miles a day. Their provisions
became short, lutsides which all of Mr. .Noble's
family, except himself, the oldest daughter and
the subject of this sketch became stricken with
mountain fever. Two of our subject's brothers
eighteen and eleven years of age, died of this
disease and were buried by the wayside. Henry
J. was then thirteen years of age, and remem-
bers distinctly flu^ distressing incidents of that
long and tedious journey, and recalls with what
sorrow they left the lunvly made graves of their
loved ones and continued in sorrow their west-
waiMJ way. The mother was also strick(Mi witii
this dread disease. They lost some of their
stock on the way, and thus pulled through,
leaving a road resembling a swatii through
wheat, whicii if not a good one. was very }ilain.
AVIien they ivac'-ed the Dalles they were en-
tirely out of provisions, an<i Henry paid a g(jod
price for two pints of flour for the sick onc^,
while he himself subsisted for several days on
bacon riiids that he found in a meat-box. and
on beets whicii he got of the Indians. When
they reached the Columbia river the family
divided, the father remaining with the stock,
and the subject of our sketch coming down the
river with his mother. They hired an Indian
to run them <lowri flic rapids in a canoe. Coming
down the rapids in this way was frightfully dan-
gerons, but was accomplished in siifcty, and the
rest of the journey they made in a bateau, and
lauded at Liniiton. The mother was sick, tlicv
were out of food, and it became Henry's duty

81)0

HlsruRY OF OREGON.

til trii out r-cvcrul iiiilt's it) tliu cDiintry, wliun*
tlicy liitil it frieiiil wlm wmilil liriiig ii tciiiii hikI
liikii lliftii til lii> placf. Trails iiiul crwks witc
iniiin'riiii>, iniiiiy uT tliu latter he lia<l to wade,
and after ^oiii}; sniue distance, I'oiind lio wan on
the wrmii^ road. A friendly strniii^or j^ave liiin
tile ri^lit directiiiiis, ami he changed IiIm ciinrse,
liiit iii^ht iivcrtdok liiin. and, toot^ure and
weary, hi^ t'niind his way tn an Indian camp.
iSiiiiii an Indian retireii and came hiu^k, lirin^ing
with him a white man, a Mr. Wills, whu took
the ymn^ hoy to his cahin, and the tbllowing
day sent him to his destination. The mother
was brought out, and they nunaincd at tiiis
j)lace ('Mr. Chisly'g) until .spring. Then tlie
father joined them, and they settled on a dona-
tion claim, five miles northwest of where New-
liiTg is now located. From 184(1 till 1872 the
father lived on this place. His death occurred
in i'ortland in 1S85, aged sovinity-three years.
The mother passed away in 1870. She was a
memher of the Methodist Church.

The suliject of our sketch continued to live
on his lather's claim until ls57. On the 24th
of May, that year, he was married, and sqor
after his marriajje lifi purcliased the (juarter sec-
tion of land upon which he still resides, the
])urcliase price lieing $1,200. lie went in debt
for it, and by honest industry was cnaWed to
j)ay his way out. Here he and his worthy com-
panion have s|)ent many happy years, and have
reared a largo family. Mrs. Noble was, before
her marriage, Miss Martha Hoyles. Slie was
born in Missouri in 1842, daughter of John
Hoyles, and in 1852 started with her parents
across the plains for Oregon. Her fattier was
taken sick and died, and they buried him near
Chimney Uock. The widow and her tlu-ee
daugliters continued their way westward, and
some time after their arrival in Oregon she be-
canui the wife of James Davis. They resided
near Portland, where her death occurred in
1878, Hho was a mem her of the Methodist
Church, was a woman of many Christian
graces and great, heroic bravery.

Mr. and Mrs. Noble have had twelve chil-
dren, all of whom are living e.\cept one. Their
names are as follows: Jolin Edward; (yharles
Oscar, who died at the age of twenty-four years;
Henry <Hiver; Jesse Irwin; Frank E.; May,
wife of Charles Murry; Jane, wife of Charles
Martin; and five who reside with their parents,
— .Micoli r., James W., Walter A., Mary and
lienjamin F.

Mr. Noble has i)e(>n a Ilepiiblican since the
organization of that party. II(> has been a
member of the (irange, and is now associated
with the Farmers' Alliance, He and his good
wife still live in the (piiot and unassuming
manner of early days, and as honest and upright
people hav(t the resjiect of all wlio know them.

HAllLES COOi.I i)(J K.--Among
the many prosperous farmers of I'olk
county stands the gentleman whose name
heads this sketch. He was born in Erie county,
Pennsylvania, May 1, 1828, and is of Irish
ancestry, who came to the colony of Massacliu-
eetts early in the gettleinent of the country.
His father, Porter Coolidge, was born in New
V'ork, in 17!M). and married Miss Polly Jones,
ft native of New York, of Welsh ancestry. They
had six sons and two daughters, of whom four
are niiw living.

Mr. Coolidge was reared in his native county
and educated in the common schools. He learned
tho carpenters' trade with his father, and
worked at this trade summers and taught school
winters, until 1855, when ho removed to Kane
county, Illinois. In 1862 he removed to Iowa,
where he continued to work and teach, until the
spring of 1864, when he crossed the plains to
Oregon with liorso teams. Soon after starting
he fell in with a company of eight families and
they traveled together to Salt Latce. The Indians
were very hostile and the emigrants were in
danger of their lives. At the Platte river they
were attacked and their horses stolen, one of
which belonged to Mr. Coolidge. After this
several trains joined together and formed a
large company from there on to Salt Lake. Mr.
Coolidge remained at Salt Lake three weeks,
traded horses, and then journeyed on with a
fresh team. Ho freiiuently fell in with emi-
grants, but did not connect himself with any
special company. They arrived at the Dalles
in October. Here they spent the winter, and
durining the following July can\e down the river.
Our subject sold iiis horses and worked at $4
per day. He then came to Salem and worked
a year and a half. The ne.xt removal was to
Ya(juina Bay, where he built the first store
building, at Newport. Here ho had a severe
attack of typhoid fever, and all his savings were
consumed by the time he had recovered. He then

nrsmiir of oumoy.

P!>1

rp8i>l«tely turned ]\\» face* toward I'olk coiinty.
He foil ill with tlie friciiil of tln< iiectly, S>ii«tor
Nt'Hiiiitli, wild f{iiv(i him tloiir ami otlirr iieecK-
eities and iMiijiloytMl hitn iMiintaiilly for a year
and a half. Mr. Cooliil^o Rays that this ^roii!l
man lioljit'il more iit'iMly jK-opIo than any other
liviiij.' iiiaii. Our siiiiject ]>iircliaKi!tl forty acres
of land which eoi^t him $)HM down, and $100
later on. He worked for Joslinn MeDaniel
until he paid for Ima land. He came to \\\<*

Firesent Ideality in iStill, where he has a choice
arm of 2oO acres, on this property ho has huilt
and iinpruved. Ho has made it one of the
finest farms in a county that is noted for its
elidice land. In iHlH he liiiilt with his own
iiands his tine farm residence, inakio^ liy hand
all till" doors, sashes and cverythinj; cdso that is
usually made by machinery. He ])lanted vinos,
trees and slirnhs around the place, and they have
made tho place a heaiitifi'.l one indeed. Mr.
('(xdidge can sit beneath the shade of the trees
that his own Iiands planted. It is a pleasant
task to write of one who has risen from adver-
sity to have such a fine home and everythinjr
coinfortahle about him.

Mr. Coolidgo was married in 1858, to Miss
Martha Heeler, who was the first white child
born in Hlaekberry township, Kane county, Illi-
nois, and was of ({erman ancestry, daughter of
David Heeler, a fanner and pioneer of Illinois.
A son. Porter crossed the plains with his parents
and three daughters were l)orn to them in Ore-
gon. The son died in 18S8, hut the daughters
still survive, namely; Hattie, wife of John Yott,
of Portland, where Air. Y'ott ii. a business man.
Tli(< other daughters, Lucy and Warah. are with
their parents. Mrs. Coolidge, ti e faitlit'ul wife
of all his privations, still lives to e'.iarc wiih him
their prosperity.

Mr. Coolidge has been a Repulilican since the
formation of the party, and ho is a man of
whom all speak well, for he has tiio respect and
esteem of the entire neighborhood.

»4H*^*

>iON. I). O. QUICK, one of I'olk eountyV
prominent citizens, was born in Indiana,
August 27, 1829. His ancestors were
people who settled in the colonies jirior to the
lievolutionary war. His great-grandfather lost
his life in that struggle for independence. Mr.
(juick'e father, James Quick, was Ijorn iu Ken-

tucky in I80;l.
McClnre, a nativ

He married Mis< Kli/ahclli

_ , ■ of Indiana, born in lsO(l,

ilaiigiiter of William .Mc(;liire. They reared to
inatiirity nine children, of whom seven are still
living. The fatiicr nMnoved to Indiana when a
child 111 tliicc! with bis parents, and wa> reared
there on a farm. He was a good member of
the liaptist (Miiirch and a worthy, iiprigbl man.
He died in Franklin county, liuliana, in lH(iS,
in the sixty-lifth year of his life. His wife
lived td bo eighty five, and then died Sciitemlicr
1.-), 1S!)1.

Tho son David was their third child, and was
sent to public sclioolh of his native Slate, lie
began life for hiniseir as a s<'liiiid teacher in
Illinois, and taught for <'iglit years. In 185(1-
'57 --'58, .Mr. (jiiiek read law in Ilillsboro, Illi-
nois, ain' was admitted to the bar in 1858. Ho
practiced hia prof(>ssi(iii in l.itchtield until 18(12,
when he crossi^l the plains to Oregon. His
family then consisted of hl> wife and one chilil.
They started in .Vjiril and arrived in August at
Fort Lemhi, Idaho. Here they abandoned th. 'r
wagons ancl traveled on the new Indian trail lo
the waters of the Missouri ami crossed the
Kocky inonntains three times. They followed
the north fork of the Wisdom river to its
source. They then struck the Miller roiile aii(l
followed it to l?ittcr Root river and followed
that to KIk ('ity. Here they iemaine<l two
months, while Mr. Quick engaged in the mines.
Ho then pi'cked to Linn county, and from tliei'e
to Washington (roiinty, and settled on 200 acres
of land north of Hillsboro. He was engaged in
Washington county in farming and sawmilling
from 1802 to 18(1(5. He then soM and came to
Polk county ami purchaseil 120 acrer^ of land
on the projierty he has since Ihmmi engaged on.
He has engaged in horti
kinds of nursery stock.

In politics Mr. Quick was a Hemocrat iiiilil
tile firing upon Fort Sumter, when he e.-poiised
the cause of the Union with all his heart and
joined the ranks of the Ikepnblican party, where
lie has since proven himself a valuable ally. In
Washiiigtdii county he was eleeteil td tlni State
Lt'gislatun^ and served in the r-essidii of 18(54-
'(55, and had the honor and jileasiire of voting
upon the thirteenth amendment to the Consli-
tution of the United States.

Mr. linick was marrie(l for the first time to
Miss Sarah M. Updyke in 1852. She wa^ a
native of Indiana, and it was in that State that
the ceremony occurred. She was the ilaugliter

irticultiire, growing al

803

lllaTOHY nv ORKOOir.

'if.

(if I'ciijiiiiiin l'|i<lyl<>'. Ml. mill Mi>. (^iiick liml
two cliililirii; Kiiiiiicivoii Kii^ciii- now ii'^iilcH
ill St. ilcli'ii, Ciiliiiiiliiii ('(iiiiity, wlicrt* li« in
ii< (yoiiiity Olci'k; tlic other cliiM ilicil, iis ilid
tlitt iMotlicr, ill \HTi1\ mikI in IHuS Mr. (^iiu!i<
WHS iimn-icd llic hi'coiicI tlnii' to Mi^s I'l'niicliii
V oil 11).', II imtivc (if K"iiliiri<y, liorii In ISU).
Tlifi-f two Imvc hail m'\i r rliililifii, as folloWB;
Sarah K., wife of Mr. Thomas I'"owlcs; ()li\('r
I'iiiiiiiitt resides ill Wiishiiiatoii eoiiiity, (>reooii;
Wiliiuiii D. is with ills lather on the farm;
.\iriie, Juiiii:n Warren, Fred Voiiiii^, and .\ilii
(ifrtnuie are at home.

Mr. and Mrs. l^iiick are Worthy nieinliers of
tile Kvaiiiielical ("hiircli. in which he is an of-
ficer, and Mr. (^>irck is a man of iiitei_n-ity and
inlelileeiice, and liiiH Won a host orfrieiids where-
ever he lias iiiiide iiis iionie.

fNOCll (;il.\Mi!KiU.lN. oiieof Oreoon's
native sons, was horn in- I'olk comity,
Octoiier 1(1 1851. I lis father. Aaron
('hainherlin, was horn in .New York in 1810.
lie married, in 1820, Minn Catiieriii' V'iles, a
imlivt' of Mew Jersey, horn in 1806. She was
the ilaiii^liter of Mr. >Iose|ih \'iles. Mr. and
Mru. ('hitml)oriiii had a family of si.x (diildrun
when they left Missouri to make tlio loiio tri])
across the iilains to Oref^on. They were nine
months on their journey and endured many
liarilshiiis, (ienerul (iillian coininunded the
eompany, and after they liiul heen si.x weeks on
their journey they could look hack uiui see
their first cain|)iiig-place. It had stormed al-
most coiitiiiiioiiBly, and all were disconraifed,
hutoiii) of their niiinher canvassed the com|>aiiy
and found thirty who were willing to continue
the journey, aithoiigh two afterward hacked
out. This man, Miidiret hy name, was elected
Captain, and the little jiarty started on. They
traveled each fainily hy itself, and finally
reached Whitman's station, and then came to
the DhUub. They went down this river to the
present site of Portland, then up the Willam-
ette to Oreiron ('ity, and here the father of our
suhject worked for the Hudson's Hay (Joinpaiiy,
hewing tiinhers fur tlie projected hiiildings. He
then went on to Salem, and after ejiendini,' the
winter there, took up his tlonation (daiiii on the
l.iickamnte. Althoni^h Mr. (Miamherlin had
three yoke ot" o,\eii when he left Missouri, the

e\teiit of his cattle was re|)rosenteil hy two odd
sttters when he entered Oregon. His eow had
died in the inunntHins; so they were without
milk. They hiiilt the primitive log hut of tlio
pioneer, and lived on hoiliMJ wheat and venison.
The nearest market was twenty miles away, and
a> the ground was very wet, it was often iiii-
possihie to go to that place for the few sii
jilies that they were ahlo to afyord; so M
Chaiiiherlin was ohliged to go to Orcffon City
hy water. Mr. (.'Iminherliii jiaid )jt,jO for a
wooden plow with an iron share, and rceoivetl
two hreed sows and two to,VB for his work, and
thiiii^s hegaii to look hri,'!i! r They worked
and toihid on this eliiiin and finally weie re-
warded hy sceiiif '''e wilderness they had found
assume the aspect of civilization. Here tlio
lather remained until 18U7, when ho went to
Soiiora, California, and died in 18(58. He was
a tiolile, upright citi/.en. His wife survived him
lifteeii years and died in 1883. i'reviously to
his death he had willed his land to his wife,
and she sold oiie-hidf of it and left the other
half to her eon luiocli, who has furnished the
data for this sketch. The fainily has made a
Hiia farm of it, and hiiilt a fine residence on it,
which the son now occupies.

Air. Knoe.li Chaniherlin was married, Keh-
riiary 15, 1885, to Miss Klla Christian, a native
of (Jregon, daughter of Mr. Henry Christian.
.See his history in this hook. Mr. and Mrs.
(Jhamherlin have one child, Ross. Mr. Chain-
herlin is a meinher of the A. O. U. W., and a
Democrat in politics. lie is an active, success-
ful fanner and, in addition to his farm, owns
and runs a steam thresher, and has done so for
the past twelve years. He has threshed a
greater portion of the grain in his part of the
county. His farm is a rich and productive one,
producing fifty bushels of wheat to the acre.

AMUEL WILLIAMS, a snccessful fanner
of Washington county, who resides near
Hillsborough, is a worthy Oregon pioneer
of'l841.

He was born in Cole county, Missouri, Feb-
ruary 22, 1833. His father, Uiclmrd Williams,
was horn in South Caiuiina in 179(5, a descend-
ant of early settlers in t,... South, and his mother,
nee Kasiab .Nichols, a iialive of Virginia, was
born in 1800. They were married in Kentucky

nisToar <>/■' oufcoos.

nnd hul)8C<iuontly romovod tu Iiiiliiirm, rrutn
tlicro to MinKiniri, iiiul with llit'ir fiiinily of
Htivi'M cliililreii croHiitMl tlio pliiins to the far
Went ill 1841, inakin^r tlie journey witii ox
ti'HinH. Two of thoir (■iiihircii were iniirried
iiikI liroii^iit tiifir fiiiiiilieg witii tiuMii to (hc-
^011 ill 184!). Atiothur chihi wun Iioi ii to thiMii
in Oregon, iind tiu-ir eij^iit eliildren ari< utill
living. 'I'licy c^aiiie witli a eonipany of fnr
tradorrt, tlie e()nij)any iinvinr; ninety carts and
the oinigrantp three wagonw. Wiien they ar-
rived at I'ort Hall tiicy traded tlie oxoii and
wnrron for Indian ponio* and packed tliroiif^li
from that place. Mr. Isaiah Kelsey married
one of tlie danghtcrs, .Miea Winnie WillianiH,
anil caino on with the re.it of the family to
Washington county. The father took claim to
640 acres of land, x'liere his son, the snhject of
onr sketch, now resides, one mile east of llilU-
horonffli, and here he l)nilt the eahin of the

iiioneer. There were then very few j)eople here,
{ev. J. S. Griffin and wife, and- a 'ew white
men with Indian wives were seatttM'ed far apart
over the valU^y. The Indians used to frighten
the Williams children some, hut aside from that
they were not trouMesome. With the excej)-
tion of some missionarieB who had located here
some time previous, the Williainses were the
first white emigi'ants to locate in the valley.
The father remained on his farm until 185(5.
That year he sold it to his sons, Samuel and
Nathaniel, and removed to California, where ho
resided with his children until the time of his
death in 1870, at the age of seventy-four years.
His life was characterized by simplicity and in-
tegrity. His wife survived him until 1885, and
died in the eighty-fifth year of her age, at the
residence of her son Samuel. They had been
reared i'reshyterians, hut later hecame Method-
ists, and were devoted Christians.

Samuel Williams was eight years of age
when he arrived in Oregon. He was sent to
the first little school taught at Ilillsliorough,
and was reared on the farm. He volunteereil
and fought in the Vakima Indian war, and was
with Colonel Cornelius all through the noted
campaign against the Indians, and with the
other brave volunteers suffered much hardship
and hunger, and like the rest, was glad to eat
horse and nude meat. They all furnished their
own horses and outfits.

Mr. Williams' whole life has been devoted
chiefly to agricultural pursuits. AVhenayoung
man, and a few years after his marriage, he

made two tripi to t\w mines in Idaho, in 1862
and 18ttl, renniiiiing thi-ee iiinnths each time,
aM<l making no more than goml wages. He
then gave up mining ami turned his attention
exclusively to his farm, and has nnide of it one
of the finest farms in the county. He has built
a good residence ami barns and nice fences, and
every thing about the premises indicates thrift
anil ]U'osperity. He has !{()(• acres of 'he old
claim, whi(di har- become very <aluablc. as Hills-
borough, the county seat, has grown up near it.

October 2'ii, 1^5(1, .Mr. Williams married Miss
Kli/,a .lolly, born in lnwa in 1881), daughter of
Kev. William .lolly, .i noted Oregon piom'cr of
1S47. Mr. and ^frs. Williams have four ehil-
dren. as follows; Kli/.a .lane, wife of .lolin W,
Sewell, resides on a fiirm in this vicinity;
.\manda M. is now Mrs. ( . (". Fra/.icr, and re-
siiles at Orande Uonde, In i' husband being n
farmer; Warren W. is marric<l anil resides in
Hillsborough; ami Frank .1., engaged in the
livery business in Hillsborough.

.Mr. Williams is a Uepubliean. lie has taken
an interest in everything pertaining to the gen
eral dcvcl(>i)mont and well being of the country.
Ho and his wife now reside alone in the com-
fortablo home their indui>»ry built.

fUA.NCIS SToUT, who came to Oregon in
1852, and who by his own industrious
efforts has been one of the intluciiual and
well-to-do agriculturists of Vain Hill coiiiity,
was born in Morgan comity, Ohio, February !),
184B. His father .loiiathan Stout, was a native
of New Jersey, where Francis' grandfather,
.loliii Stout, was also horn. Jonathan Stout
moved to Ohio, and married Miss Elizabeth
Swank, and they had eight children in Ohio.
In the spring of 1852 they started on the long
journey for Oregan with oxen, and at (irande
Uonde valley their ninth child was born. They
were six months on the road, and experienced
much sickness and suffering. Francis was a
lad of nine years at this time, and vividly re-
members those <lays of trial. They arrived at
Portland, and the next spring both the mother
and the babe died, leaving the father and his
little family, the youngest three years of age,
in a new, strange land. The ehlest daughter,
Margaret (now Mrs. (iib.son), took care of the

834

nrsTour of oh/soon.

little fiuiiily for a tiiiiu. The father liaviiig
liecn HJi'k on tlie pliiiiis. iiiid liciiig still in poor
licaltli, the Httli- store of inariv yi'arn was s|miit
in taking care of tlieinsclves. Sncli circiiin-
Btanccs of straitncss catisod the family to scatter,
anil l''rancis anil his youngest sister, then three
years oiil eanie to Yam Hill county and lived
with Kphraiin Ford. After a time the little
girl went to live with the (ddest sister.

Francis continued with Mr. Ford four years,
and then "worked out," np and down the valley,
l.atcr his father purchased a piece of land six
miles northwest of ^[c^^inllville, and David,
I'Vancis and the father worked together, and by
"tii^ht and steady ilrivin<r" they pros|)ured for
years, until they had saved enough to make a
respectable purchfiseof other lands. The father's
first purchase was 320 acres, and Francis and
Ills father together houirht 1)30 acres. Later
the son boufrht his father's and brother's inter-
est in the 330 acres, and he is now the owner
of all. On this property, in 1872, he built a
f^ood farm residence, and ho has ■ made many
good improvements, purchased other lands, ana
is now in comfortable circunistances. He has
made a f^ood record as an enterprising, indus-
trious and reliable farmer, and is a good illus-
tration of what the rich soil of Yam Hill county
will do for the intelligent and industrious
worker.

In 18G8 Mr. Stout was ha])pily inarried to
Miss Mary.l. Hill, a native of ^fissouri, ano
thedauglitt-r of W. G. Hill, an Oregon pioneer
of 1847. His family came in 1853. Mr. and
Airs. Stout have one son and three daughters.
One son they lost in his fifth year. The living
children are: Delia May, .lessie Alma, Melvin
Marcellis and Mary Alice, all at home with
their parents.

The parents are members of the Methodist
Episcopal CIiur(!h. and Air. Stout is a member
of the official boanl of that society. He became
a voter soon after the l{epublic(\n parly was or-
giinizeil, identifying himself with that party,
and he has ever since remained loyal to the
same, being always interested in the welfare of
the country.

Mrs. Stout's father was a native of Tennessee,
mnrricil Miss Adaline Story, of his own State,
who in crossing the jilains in 1853 to Oregon
died iif exposure luul hardship; she was buried
in ITniatilla county, en route. The precise loca-
tion of her grave the family has since been un-

able to tinil. Mr. Hill settled near La Fayette
on a donation claim, and married his wife's
sister, Angeline Story. Later he sold his claim,
and now resides in Whitman county, Washing-
ton.

-=»-^i^^C>*®<^*^

[EORUE W. OLDS, a pioneer of 1851, and
ft prominent and well-knoivn farmer and
citizen of Yam Hill eountj', was liorn in
Hillsdale county, Michigan, July Ki, 1831.
His father, Abel Olds, was a native of Pennsyl-
vania, an<l of ancestry traceable back to one of
England's wealthy merchants who, with a fleet
of five ships laden with merchandise, wna cap-
tured by the privateer (!Rj)tain Kidd, and the
disposition made of the merchant was never
ascertained, but it is believed that a large
amount of wealth was left in England. Air.
Olds' father married Miss Annie Tliurston. a
native of New York. They had settled as pio-
neers in Branch county, Michigan, and were
married there in 1827, and have the honor of
being the first couple married in St. Joseph
county. They continued to reside in Micliigan.
and had five daughters and one son. July 16,
1844, the mother died, and four of the daugh-
ters also died when young; the eldest daughter
became the wife of James Derby, whose sketch
is given elsewhere in this volume. She and the
subject of our sketch are now the only survivors
of the family. Their father died in 1850.

Mr. Olds, whose name heads this sketch, was
brought upon the farm, laboring very diligently
during all the wanner portion of the year, and
attending school during the wintor in a log
schoolhouse. As he approached manhood lie
was employed for a time on the c^ "istruction of
the Michigan Southern railroad, the first built
in that State.

Crossing the plains to ( )regon in his twentieth
year, he came with his uncle, Martin Olds, who
was captain of the company and a man of note,
boll' in Michigan and afterward in Oregon; and
Mr. Old.', tells the following story concerning
the courage exhibited by his uncle: At Wood
river the Indians had taken the cover off from
the bridge and compel id some of the emigrants
to slide the wagons across on the stringers.
Martin Olds started to cross on a stringer, w'th
a heavy stick to steady himself. When part of
the way over, a heavy Indian chief got upon the

HISTOHY OF OHEaoN.

Cit.l

same stringer to rnet't him, and beckoning to
liini at the same time to return. Mr. Olds re-
futtod, and in turi\ heckoned to the chief to re-
turn to his own .side. " Hig Indian" refused,
and witli one l)low of the stick in tiie liands of
Mr. Olds his copper-facod majesty was knocked
into the river! As lie fell he yelled out an un-
earthly Indian whoop, and all his braves came
down to the i)ank prepared for war. The emi-
grants did the same, and when the Indians saw
that they could not intimidate them, they de-
sisted. Then Mr. Olds made them put the
cover back upon the bridge, and they passed
over in safety. They found emigrants on the
other side who were afraid to go forward Ite-
canse of the Indians. Mr. Olds separated his
train and put the timid ones in the middle, and
in that way they moved forward. The Indians
kept following them until they became tired,
and then Captain Olds ordered them back or to
go away, and they obeyed him.

On arrival in Oregon Mr. Olds came to
La Fayette, and employed himself at anything
he could find to do, — on the farm, in the saw-
mill, etc. Later, with five pack-mnles, he went
to meet his sister in the company who were on
their way to Oregon, and liable to run out of
supplies; but while on the expedition he was
taken with the mountain fever, — which is equiva-
lent to the typhoid fever elsewhere, — and this
prostrated him so that he could not proceed.
After he had been sick four weeks his people
came and found him, placed him on a wagon
and brought him back, lie became so low that
for three weeks he was unconscious. The saving
of his life is attributed to quinine and brandy,
prescribed i)y a physician, to be giveti him after
tile fever left him. On arriving at Portland
Mr. Olds was a mere skeleton, and it was late
the next summer before he was able to do any
work. When he was at the Dalles, on his way
home, he was weighed and found to weigh only
si.\ty-eight pounds!

lie was employed a year by Daniel Johnson
in il.riving stage from La Fayette to Portland,
and Uie following year worked on a (lovornnient
road near Walla Walla, and then, in company
with another party, he purchased a threshing-
machine; but the Indian war broke out, and lie
left the thresher with J. W. Cook, and enlisted
and served through the war. Next he engaged
in driving pack trains; then drove a Govern-
ment team from the Dalles to Walla Walla and
in tile Vakima country.

In 1858 he came to Yam Hill county, locating
where he now resides, lie purchased cigiity
acres of land eight miles northeast of McMinn-
ville, on the Sheridan road. There was then a
small frame cabin there. .Vftor building some
fence on the premises, he went to La Fayette
and was married. Next he was hired to work
in the sawmill of .lohn Ensley, while his wife
cooked for the hands employed there, being paid
$40 per month, in lumber at ^10 a thousand
feet. On being informed that he could work
also on Sundays and have all the lumber he
could make, he gleaned the heaviest tops of tlu>
trees that had been cut down and left, and pre-
pared them for the sawmill. One large tree was
t;iven him which stood on the hill above his
10U60, in an almost inaccessible place. lie be-
gan to burn it down, but fearing that it might
fall upon the house, he was obliged to cut it on
a certain side to cause it to fall another way,
and was successful. Then he mid his wife
saw-^d it into logs of propei' length, and with
an extra team hauled them to mill, and thus
saved 8,000 feet of lumber. After five months
working in this way he had accumulated 20,000
feet of lumber for his wages, and 18,000 feet
for his Sunday work. Ho sold what lie did not
want for hi.s house, and the next spring he
moved to the place where lie built, planted trees,
and made one of the best farms in the coiintj

In the meaiitinie, in company with Daniel
Parker, he wont to the mines at Florence City
with pack animals, and after an ab.sence of three
months he returned with r^lOOO in gold dust.
Thus he was able to go to Portland and pur-
chase the furniture and many other things
which he greatly needed.

During the following spring (1802) he re-
turned to those mines, remained there the same
length of time, and returned with as much more
money, witl which ho purchased more land, —
first eighty acres adjoining, and later ^i.\ty aitres
more. The war came on. and prices went up.
He sowed over sixty acres to wheat, had an im-
mense yield, most of it going up as high as
sixty bushels to the acre, lie sob! K)0 iuishels
at '.'to cents; 2.300 bushels at !?1.40, and '.100
bushels at ^2.2.') per l)ushel!

January 11. 18(!5, he moved out of the oid
cabin, into the fine, new house. Since then he
has bought twenty-five acres of tiniberiid land.
lie has built upon his property one of the
largest and best barns in the coniify. Thus inir
pioneer is very nicely situated.

see

HISTORY OF OREGON.

November 10, 1859, Mr. Olds married Miss
Klicn Siiiick. II native of lown, mid tlie daiif^h-
ter of lion. Andrew Sliiick, ii j)ioneer of 1847.
Mr. and Mrs. Olds have iiaii three dauj^hters.
The eldest, Minnie, died November 22, 1878,
in lier Bixteentli year; Augusta died August 24,
1874, in her tliird year; and Klla H., l)orn July
U, 1871, is living, now the wife of James H.
Durani. a native of Oregon, and a tinner by
trade.

Mr. Olds was a charter member of the Grange
in his neighborliood, in which lie served for a
time as Overseer. He is also a member of the
A. O. U. W. He has been a Democrat, but
now sympathizes rather with the People's party.
lie has taken a prominent part in the school in-
terests of his community for twenty-three years;
was for a long time Clerk of tlio Board. He is
liberal in his religious views, and is a gentleman
of intelligence and ability.

5-^H-#-

y)N. MARION H. IlENI)RICK,a worthy
( )regon pioneer of 1852, is of German
extraction. His ancestry settled in Vir-
ginia previous to the Revolutionary war, and
participated in the struggle for Amorieaii inde-
jHindence. A descendant of these ancestors re-
moved to Kentucky, where, in 18t)6, was born
William A. Hendrick, the father of the subject
of this sketch, who married Miss Maria Bird,
a native of Kentucky, and the daughter of Rob-
ert Bird, of that State. They had four children,
of whom only two are now living, namely:
Martini, who resides in Iowa; and M. B., who
is the the subject of this article.

^fr. Ih^ndriek was born in Kentucky, August
28, 1828, reared on his father's farm, and in
1852 crossed the plains and mo\intain8 with ox
teams to Oregon. He paid for liis passage a
jiart of the way by driving a team, and the rest
of the way he came on foot. Starting April
15, he arrived at the Dalles, August 20. After
arriving here ho first worked six miles west of
Oregon (^ity. at whatever he could get to do.
In the spring he went to the mines in southern
Oregon, but iiiiniediately returned and engaged
in fanning on shares in Yam Hill county, near
Wheat iiiiid. Raising a large crop of wheat —
forty bushels to the uric— he had 1,200 bushels,
which be sold at Uo cents a inishel. He next
wout to Marion count V, took up a (quarter sec-

tion of land, made improvements niion it, and
at length sold it, moved to Yam Hill county,
and engaged in mercantile business and ware-
housing at Wheatland. In 1862-'(i3 iie built
the first warehouse there, lie proBpere<l and
built a fiouring mill there, which, however, was
afterward burned, entailing heavy loss. Mr.
Hendrick continued to run his other business,
and purchased land and engaged in hop-raising,
and lie also had a wareliou.se at Independence.
The great flood of 18110 destroyed his store-
house at Wheatland and 25,000 bushels of
wheat. Nevertheless, he rebuilt, and cour-
ageously continued in business. In 1888, with
his son Miles, he started uBtore at Amity. He
is still raising hops and wheat. On a portion
of liis land he platted the town of Wheatland.
Ho is doing a large business, buying and sell-
ing produce, and dealing in general merchan-
dise. Ill his church relations Mr. Hendrick
is a member of the I^vangelical Church, in
which he was a Trustee, and he aided in build-
ing their house of worship in AVheatland. In
his political sympathies he is a Democrat. In
1878 he was elected to the State Legislature,
where he distinguished himself in the investi-
gations which saved the State a large sum. In
1884 he was elected Assessor of the county, and
served a term in that capacity, doing faithful
work. He is a man of ability and integrity, en-
joying the confidence and good-will of a wide
circle of acquaintances. He is now about to
build in Amity a valuable residence, in which he
intends to spend the evening of his very active
and honorable business life.

April lit, 1855, is the date of his marriage to
Miss Plllis Sawyer, a daughter of Mark Saw-
yer, who was a pioneer of 1847. lie has had
four children: Ella, a bookkeeper at McMinn-
ville; Miles K., in business with his father at
Amity; Elnora, now the wife of E. M. Bried-
well, a business man in Amity; Lovie R., now
Mrs. Arlington Watt; and lone, deceased. Mr.
Hendrick is a member of Church of the United
Brethren in Christ.

fROFESSOR LEANDEU HUSTON RA-
KER, a pioneer of 1853, and for many
years the successful C'oiinty Su[K^rintendent
of Schools of Yam Hill county, is a native of
Kentucky, where he was born August 18, 1849,

nr STORY OP on SOON.

When l)iit four years ()f age he accoinpiiiiied
his parents to the West, wliere hv was reareil
and educated, and lias residi'd for the past thir-
ty-nine years, reHecting credit, alike on Ills
comity and State.

Ills t'atlier, Caleh B. Haker, was a Kentiick-
ian, and was born in 1HV2. Ills ancestors were
Welsh and English, wlio settled in America
pt*evions to tlie lievolutionary war, and grainl-
rather Maker served on the side of the colonies
ill their memorable strnggle for independence.
Professor Baker'.-, father married Miss Lonisa
Berry, a )iati"e of his State, whose ancestors
were English, of an equally long residence in
America. They had five children, two dying
in infancy while the family resided in Ken-
tucky, and, in 1851, the faithful wife and de-
voted mother also died, leaving three small
children to the care of the father. Some time
afterward, the father married again, his second
wife being Mitis Fanny li. Johnson. In 1853,
acconi|)anied by his small fnmily, consisting of
his wife and his three sons, James Edward,
John Wesley, and Leander fluston, he emigrated
to Washington Territory. With the cnstomary
emigrant's outfit of oxen and wagons, ho tool;
the northern route, or Natchez Pass, crossing
the Cascade nionntain.s near the foot of Mount
Panier, reaching Puget sound in the fall of that
year. This was the first train that had come
over that route. After arriving at the sound,
they settled on 320 acres of land on (trand
Mound prairie, on which a log cabin was raised
and |)ioneer life begun. Stock-raising became
their principal business, in which they were
very successful. The father was a man of va-
ried information, public-spirited, enterprising
and iKtapitablc. His house was a home and ref-
uge to the pioneer, and every minister who
came that vpvy, was an honored and welcome
guest. lie was an active Methodist, and deeply
interested in the affairs of the church, lie
also took a very great interest in the political
questions of the day, and being esteemed a man
of intelligence and ability, his constituents
elected him to represent them in the Legisla-
ture of the Territory, where he served for three
terms, rendering entire satisfaction to all con-
cerned. In this way he became identified with
the interests of Washington Territory, a)iil wt^ll
and favorably known to all the eminent pioneers
of his time. Two children were born in Wash-
ington, Allen Baxter and Mary Almeda. The
tjldest son, James Edward, married Miss Mary

E. AVhite, a daughter of Charles White, the
able sheriff if Wasco county. Oregon. This
son made his home at the Dalles for sonu; time,
when, in 18()(), he returned to Washington, and
the following year was elected a memiier of
the Legislature, whore he proved himself an In-
telligent and active representative of the peo-
ple's Interests. In the spring of 181)8, he
moved to La Fayette, Oregon, where he received
the a|)polntment of Deputy {!ounty Clerk,
which position he filled until his death, which
occurred June, 1809. His probity In all mat-
ters and kindly disposition rendered him very
j)o|)ular among hia fellow-men, and his death
was sincerely lamented by the whole commu-
nity, as well as by all those who had known him
and realized his worth. John W., the second
son, resides In McMlnnvillo, where he Is re-
garded asone of the leading mechanics. He also
takt^s great interest in tiio politics of his county
and State. He was nnirried to Miss Lucretia
Martin, of La Fayette, In 1808. Tlu! third son
is the subject of this sketch, of whom we will
speak more at length hereafter. AlWm Baxter,
the son born in the West, or Child of the Occi-
dent, as he might justly be called, iTiarried Miss
Pliiebe C'. lleniy. of La Fayette, and was for a
time a ilrnggist in McMiiuiville; later, he was
connected with the mall services in i'ortland,
where he resided until his death, which oc-
curred October :^7, 18SS. The father, after a
life of genuine usefulness and great benevolence,
died in the spring of 1805, his death being felt
by many as a |)ublic calamity. His faithful
wife still survives, and now resides with her
daughter in Portland.

The 8id)ject of our sketch rcceiviMl his educa-
tion at the Willanu'tte (fniversity and McMinn-
ville (!ollege, and has since mildc teacdiing and
educational otKces his ])rinclpal business, liav
lug been engaged In scliool work in Yam Hill
county for twenty years, ten years of wliich
tinu' he has been sup(>rlntendent of the public
schools of the county. Muring this long serv-
ice, his uniform kindiu'ssof heart iind cNtreme
consideration for all alike, both high and low,
together with his fuitlifnlness, which resembles
devotion, to his work, have etidear(Ml him alik(^
to patrons, children and teachers; while his
able efforts and intelligent direction, have ele-
vated and improved the condition of tli(! schools
under his charge. To him is due the credit of
inaugurating teachers' local institutes in his
county, as well as of having lirst conceived the

nisTour OF oREOOk.

Tlicse small
ii powpr for

Idea of such local liirititiitioiis.
hcijiiiniiii's liiive ttrown to 1)0
jfood whore tliouglits and inotliods of scliool
work are i'xcliaiii.red, rcisiiltincr in widewpread
iiiformatioti on siilijectH of vital interost to both
educators and Hioso liaving tlu- care of the
younj^. not!) local and State institutes are now
held, which are attended hy great nunibera of
teachers and lay people. The I'rofcssor has
now the fatitifaction of having these local insti-
tutions authoi'ixed by the State, which were in-
augurated in a small way hy himself. He has
witnessed the log schooihouse, with its rough
appointments, give way and change into the
coininodions and substantial structure for
which our States are famous, finished in the
best manner, and furnished with all the latest
improvi'ini'iits for the prosecntion of school work.

The I'rofessor was married in 1874: to Miss
Willie S. McTeer, a highly estimable hidy, and
a daughter of Kobert McTeer, of Yam Hill
e.ouuty. Tliey have had fivo children, all born
in Yam Hill county: Mabel Pearl, Fiarl Clif-
ford, .lames Carlisle, Hallie Leone, and Una
(leorgia, all intelligent, and promising to re-
flect credit on their native State.

I'rofessor liaker 6j)end8 his vacations on his
farm of 320 acres, located on the Willamette
river, six miles from La Fayette. Here he
raises grain, Durham cattle and fine road horses,
from which (:ccn|)ation he derives both pleasure
an<l profit.

Thus by Well-directed exertions, and ability,
goviTiu'd by good jndgn ,nt, he has aci]uired
an enviable position both in material affairs and
in the regard of his fellow-men.

— ^^gl:®!^'!^^ —

\\\l\ M. WALKKU, of Forest CJrove,
Washington county, is the earliest
.\iiierican settler of Oregon now living,
she havitig crossed the plains on horseback to
this State in 1S8S.

'•(Irandma" Walker, as she is familiarly called,
was born in ISaMwin, Maine, Aj)ril I. 1811,
(hinghtfr of .losepb and Charlotte (Thom|)8on)
Itichardson. both nativesof tlio Pine Tree State.
The ancestors of both the Tlmmpson and Rich-
ardson families went from near iJoston to \\M-
win. They were j)rominent people an<l mem-
bers of the ( 'onj;regational (iiurch. Her father
was a Heacon in the church, and by pnircssion

a school teacher. Her grandfather, Joseph
Ilichardson, and his brother David fought in
the Il<<volutionary war under General Washing-
ton, and iier grandfather Isaac Thom])8on, also
a llevolutionary soldier, was killed on the sec-
ond day of his service. Mrs. Walker was the
second born in a family of eleven children, and
was a sickly child for several years. She, how-
ever, had an unusually bright mind, and
at an i ''rly age vowed a vow unto the Lord
that if he would make her strong she
would devote her life to tlie missionary
cause. It was not, however, until her twen-
tieth year that she made a jjrofession of re-
ligion and joined the Congregational Church.
Soon after this she offered her services to the
American IJoard of Missions. The I?oard sent
a Mr. Thej'er to her home to see her and to
learn of the character of her family and her
(jualifications, and from his report of her they
decided to acce])t her services. They were then
fitting out a mission for Central Africa; but,
while they were waiting for the smoke of war
to clear- away in that country, Mr. W. H. (Jray
came East from Oregon for missionary re-en-
forcements, and for a wife, and the Board de-
cided to send them to Oregon. Thev wished
their missionaries to be married before going to
Oregon. Mrs. Walker had previously had
several offers of marriage, but lest it might
interfere with her vow she had declined. The
Missionary IJoard had a young man named El-
kanah Walker, whom they were going to send
as a missionary, and they gave him a letter of
introduction to Miss ilary Richardson and her
family, and hoped ' ' would look upon him
with favor. He was invited to remain with
them a few days, and, after due consideration,
she fell in with the plan of the Board, and they
were married March 5, ISiiS. That day they
ftarted on their long western journey. They
crot'sed the .Mlegliany mountains in coaches.
At Westport. Missonri, they found Mr. (tray
and Iiis wife awaiting them with mules and
saddles, and necessary outfit. The missionary
party was composed of the following: Mr. and
Mrs. Gray, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Mr. and Mrs.
Ells, and Mr. and Mrs. Walker. They crossed
the plains in the same train with the American
Fur Company, and after many hardships inci-
dent to travel in this way over a new country,
they arrived in due time at Wailatpu, where
they siiunt the first winter. There, December
7, 18;{8, a son was born to Mr. and Mrs. Walker,

BTSTOi,/ OiV ORBnON.

Cyrus Iliiiiiliii, tliu first wiiitu iiiiile ciiild liorn
in the Territory. Tlie first wiiite feiiinle cliild
born in the Territory was Alice Wiiitiiian, in
1837.

In tlie spring they went to their mission field
on the Tshimiikain, — Walker's Prairie it was
called, — where they remained teaching tlie In-
dians until after the news reached them of
the massacre of Dr. Whitman, his wife and
others, in November, 1847. They first went to
Fort Colville, an<l remained until the spring of
1848, when they were escorted to the Willam-
ette valley by soldiers sent for that purpose.
They spent the winter at Oregon City, and the
next fall came to the donation claim where For-
est Grove now is. They took the claim that a
Mr. liu.vton had, paying him for his right, and
Imilta hewed-log lion«e, and here Mrs. Walker
has since resided, her worthy companion having
passed to his home above in November, 1877.

Hev. Klkar.ah Walkei' was born in North
Yarmotith, Maine, Auirnst 7, 1805. lie was
educated at Fhelps Academy, and in the Hangor
Theological Seminary, and was ordained a for-
eign missionary by tiie American Hoard of
Foreign Missions. At the mission he estab-
lished near Spokane Falls, he and his wife
labored faithfully for nine years, teaching the
Indians the way of truth and life. After they
located in Oregon City he was employed at
team work for a time, and during the absence
of the men at the gold diggings in California,
he made considerable money with his team.
After coming to Forest Grove he was I'astor of
the Congregational Churcli, and and also,
preached at other places as opportunity offered,
continuing his work nearly up to the time of
his death He took a deep interest in the up-
building of the church, and also <>f an educa-
tional institution at Forest Grove, giving ^1.000
each toward tlie establishment of tlie college and
the church.

Mr. and Mrs. Walker had seven sons and one
daughter, all married. All l)ecame members of
the chnrcli, and all except one t;re now liv-
ing. Six were born at the mission fiel<l, and
two in the Willamette valley. The oldest, Cyrus
Hamlin, is now a farmer at Albany, Oregon;
Marcus Whitman, resides in Washington, where
he is engaged in sawmilling and farming;
Joseph Klkanah, has been a missionary to China
twenty years; Jeremiah, <lied in the twenty-
fourth year of his age; John li., is a black-
smith in Washington; Abigail, the second

child, is the wife of .laino Karr, :i liinilicr
manufacturer of Washington; Levi (!., a
surveyoi' and civil engineer, is now principal ni'
Harrison Institute, at Cheinawa. near Salem,
Oregon; Samuel T., lives on the farm with his
mother. Mrs. Walker has twenty-four grand-
children, and four great-grandchildren.

fOIlN GRONEU, deceased, was an t )regon
])ioneer of 1858 and a prominent fanner of
Washington county.

He was born in I'lm, Germany, A|)ril 1."),
1832. His parents were (iermaii Lutherans
and farmers, and his father was also a public of-
ficer. Mr. Groner was educated in Germany,
and at eighteen years of age emigrated to the
United States and settled in Missunri. where he
was employed as a farm hand, at $8 per month.
He also worked on the railroad. In 18411, he
sailed for California, by way of Iho Islhinus,
and upon his arrival in the CJolden State woi'l<e<l
at mining two years, and one year in ii vineyanl
near Los .\ngeles. He then came to Oregon,
bringing with him about ^2,000, which he hi.d
saved out of his earnings. He landed at Vii',-
toria, i'ritish Columbia, and/roni there crr.ised
the sound and walked to Portland. In the hitler
place be worked as a baker, a trade which ho
had learned in Germany. From Portland he
eaiiie to Washington county and purchased KiO
acres of land, four miles south of ll'.'edville.
He was a thorough business man and worked
hard and made money fast, and as time ])assed
by added to his land until he had one thousand
acres, one of the best farms in his part of the
county.

In .lune, 1802, Mr. Groner married Mrs. Kl-
len McKernan. She was born in Ireland in
1831. In 1880 he built the large frame house
in which, with his family, he resided until his
death. He died of heart disease, .lanuary 2,
1891, leaving a widow and four children.

Mr. Groner was in politics a I)enio(M-at, and
had been for a number of years the Postmaster
of Sclioll's i'erry. He gave the whole of his
attention to his farm and business and had ac-
iniired the ivpntation of being one of the most
prosperous farmers in the county, and in addi-
tion to his farm lu; had property in Portland,
which has largely advance<l in value. The Port-
land proiierty at his ileatli went to his widow,

000

nrsronr of onkaoN.

I I
111'

while tlic farm was luft, iiiidividcd, to his tlirue
sons; Fcrd, George K., and Herman, all of whom
are unmarried and live on it. They cultivate
4()0 acres and devote the rest to stock purposes.
His cjauf^hter Julia is the wife of U. S. Grant
Manjuam, a well-to-do attorney of Portland.

-^<

fOllN ('. HALL, amnch respected citizen of
llillsboro came to Oregon in 1852, and has
since lieeii idcntitied with the interests of
this State. lie was horn in I'ettis county,
Missouri, January 23, 1840, and is descended
from Welsh ancestors, who settled in Maryland
when that State was a colony, and from the
king received a grant of land. The early ances-
tors of the family were seafaring men, and the
branch from which our subject is descended em-
igrated to Kentucky at an early day, being
among the pioneers of the State.

Josiah Hall, the father of John C, was born
in Kentucky, December ^21, 1800, and when he
arrived at mature years was married to Mary
I''isher, a native of east Tennessee, born July
31. 1807, and of German descent. After their
marriage they moved to Virginia, later to Illi-
nois, and from there to Missouri. They were
Protestants in religion and farmers by occu-
pation. They had four sons and a daughter,
and with them, in 1852, they crossed the
plains to Oregon, starting April 27, and ar-
riving at Fort llall July 3, and at Portland
August 30. From Portland they went due
west seven miles and settled upon a dona-
tion claim of 320 acres. On this claim his
parents made their home the rest of their
lives. The Ihther died September 2(5, 1806, in
the sixtieth year of his age, and the mother
jiassed away .November 10, 1880. in her eight-
ieth year. Of their family, only three are now
living, two sons and a daughter. Theoldest son.
lienjarnin S., died in 1880. and left a wife and
six children. John ('., was the second born.
Mary F. married .Mr. GeorgeH. Reeves, and re
"ides at Cedar Mills, this county.

John C Hall was twelve years old when he
came to Oregon. He received his education at
Forest Grove. When he grew up he engaged
in farniingon his own account, and subsequently
purchased eighty-six acres of his father's dona-
tion claim. On this property he lived twenty-

one years, developed it into a fine farm, and still
owns it all except seven acres.

April 15, 1808, he was married to Miss Nan-
cy P. Imbler, who was born in Iowa, Afarch 28.
1850, of German ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. Hall
have had six children, namely: Posie, whodied in
infantry; Mary Lilly, who lived to be eleven years
of age; Charles, who is now principal of the C'or-
nelius Academy; and the following wjio are at
home and attending school at llillsboro, George
A., Commodore Perry and Lottie Gurtha.

Mr. Hall cast his first jiresidential vote for
Lincoln and has ever sinc^ been a stanch liepub-
licitn. In 1878 he was nominated by his party
and elected County Surveyor, and at the close of
his term was re-elected. In 1888 he was again
chosen for the same position, has since been
elected twice and is now serving his third
successive term. He is energetic and full of
business and has done a vast amount of work in
this line in his county.

He and his wife were reared Methodists, but
in 1S80, through reading the works of the
Seventh-Day Adventists, they espoused that
faith and have since lived it to the best of their
ability. They do not use spirits of any kind or
tea or coffee, only in limited (jnantities, and they
have had neither lard nor pork in their house
for twelve years. They are a very healthy
family.

'HOMAS OTCHIN, a worthy citizen of
Washington county, Oregon, is one of the
very few men who are left of the brave
pioneers who came to Oregon in 1839.

Mr. Otcliin was born in Lincolnshire. Fug-
land, Xovember 17. 1814. IHs parents were
William and Mary (Knight) Otchin, natives of
Fngland and of old Fnglish ancestry. They
were members of the Church of England, and
his father was a farm laborer. Thomas was the
fifth of their family of nine children. He was
reared and educated in his native land, and was
there married to Miss Mary J?eck. In 1830 he
eutered the employ of the Hudson's Iky Com-
pany, brought his young wife to America, and
landed at York Fort on the Hudson's Pay. Then
he went to the lied river country, walking with
snowshoes and drawing the sled on which were
his supplies. He farmed in the Red river
country two years. In 1839 he came to Fort

tiiafORY OF OlifSOON.

801

Vancouver. From here he went to the Franer
river and was in the dairy biisiness for the Hud-
son's Bay Company, two years. In 184-1 he
took a donation claim on the sound, and farmed
near where Olympia now is. After remaining
there a year, he came in 1842 to tlie Tualitin
valley and took up 640 acres, the donation claim
on which he now resides. He traded with the
Indians for supplies, went to the Hudson's Bay
Company at Fort Vancouver for flour and
wheat, and here he resided until the gold ex-
citement in California, in 1848, when Tie went
to the mines. At Mormon island he dug about
^8,000 worth of the yellow dust, and returned
to Oregon with about half of it. Since then
he has resided on his ranch, living the life of a
prosperous and upright farmer.

Two children were born to him and his wife
east of the mountains, both of whom are de-
ceased; and his faithful companion who had
been witli him in all his pioneer wanderings,
and had sliared all his privations and dangers
as well as his later prosperity, died February 1,
1879.

In 1858, Mr. Otchin returned to I^ngland to
visit his relati"eB and the scenes of his child-
hood, and while he was there his sister died,
leaving a daughter, Miss Mary A. Simpson,
who in October, 1881, came to Oregon. On
his return to this State Mr. Otchin brought with
him his wife's sister, who survived her arrival
in this country but three years, b'or eleven
years his niece has been to liim all that an af-
fectionate daughter could be, and is now his
liousekeeper. It may here be stated, that Hon.
Thomas Tongue of Ilillsborough, this county,
is a nephew of Mr. Otchin. Mr. Otchin has
built a nice residence on his farm, and here ho
is spending the evening of nn active and useful
life, respected and beloved by all who know hiin.
He is an intelligent and well-informed mai\ is
in politics a Uepublican, and is a fair represent-
ative of the first settlers of Oregon.

fiLLIAM O. IIOCKEN, a resident of
Beaverton, is one of the successful

. , farmers of Washington county, Oregon.

He was born in England, November 2, 1840,
son of William and Dina (Olver) liocken. both
natives of that country and of Knglish ancestry.
His father was for many years a carpenter and

builder, and is now over eighty years df age.
His luotlier died in her seventy elghtii year.
Mr. Hocken was the second in tiunr family of
ten children, four of whom are still living. He
learned the carpenters' trade in iiis native lanil,
and at the agi^ of twenty-six, sailed fcir San
Francisco, where lie worked three yi-ais, during
which time lie helped to build the Mcicliants'
Exchange and other prominent buildings. Then,
in 1870, he came to Washington county, Ore-
gon, and purchased Kit) acres of land, U|)()n
which he labored ino.-t persistently and ellectu-
ally for six years. At the end of that time he
sold out, came to Heaverton, ami bought sixty
acres of land, hater, he ])iirelia>ed sixty acres
more, going in debt S2,()00 for it. Tiiis he
soon paid up, and has since purchased other land,
being now the owner of 200 acres, which is
valued at from 8300 to ifSOO poracre, he having
built a nice residence, and in otiier ways im-
proved the property. In additimi to carrying
on his farming operations, he iiiis done a lai'ge
amount of building all over this part of the
county.

In 1870 Mr. liocken married Miss Einina
Hicks, a native of Cornwall, Isngland, horn in
1847, daughter of John and demifer Hicks.
He returned to England to be married and
brought his wife to Oregon with liiiii. They
have had eleven children, ten of whom
are living. Emma, the second, died Noveiiilier
5, 1873. aged two years; Annie is the wif'^ of
Henry Pearce, of I'ortland. The others arc at
home and areas follows: Nellie, Willie, Uobeil,
Jennie, Lottie, l^'rankie. Carrie, I'ertie and
Ethel.

Mr. and Mrs. Hocken are members of the
Methodist Church at lieaverton, of uliicli he
is one of the stewards. He donated the church
site and helpeu to build tluMr house of wmsliip.
and has also interested himself in the general
growth and development of the town. For u
number of years he has served as School Direc-
tor. I'ntil recently ht< was a liepiiblican, but
now affiliates with the I'roliibitionists and is an
earnest and active teniiicranee worker.

•^■ifdlni^^---^^-

iLHKRT JEFFERSON APPEUSON. a

highly honored Oregon pioneer of 1847,

and one of McMilinvillc's most jiroiniiKMit

lnercllant^, was horn in Newtun, Missouri, Sep-

ilO'J

ntsTony of ouHmtit.

tc'iiilicr 17. 183'J, mid whs tlie sixtli <'liil(l i>f a
fdiiiily (if ten. llih fiitliur, .Mr. Heverly .Vpiwr-
8(pri,()f KtMitucky, ilii'il nt(iri'eii river of rridimt-
iiiii fever wliile (in tlie liiiziinloiis jonriiev
iieross the [iliiins. For a morecoriiplcte iiceimnt
of liin fiitlii'r and family, see in this voiiinic a
liiKtory of Captain J. T. Apperson, an older nieni-
bcr of the family. It is most liarrowinjf to im-
agine the condition of the family r the loss
of the lieiid and snpporter alone lIic bleak
prairies. Tlu? oldest son was tin ut eleven
years of age, and the snbjoet of onr sketch was
then in liis eighth year. However, these two
hoys drove the oxen, while the older sisters
drove the stock, and thus they proceeded on
tludr way, fording rivers and climiiing mount-
ains until they reached the land of promise, in
which, after experiencing so many hardships,
they were to achieve such eminence.

On arriving at Oregon City they took a farm
on the (Jolumbia bottom, whert- tliey remained
but for a short time. Their cousin, Milton .\p-
persoii, had preceded them a year, and had ])iir-
clia.sed the tannery at West I'ortland. Thence
the mother and children removed, where they
worked for their living for the following two
years until 184-9, when the cousin soW the
tannery. Then the cousin, our subject's older
brother, went to the mines in California, and the
mother moved, with the rest of the children,
into I'ortland, where onr subject attended the
first schools ever taught in that city. The
mother resided in the metropolis until 1851,
supporting herself and family by keeping
boarders, and tinally married Mr. Robert Moore.
After marriage they removed to Linn City,
where she died in 1858.

Mr. Apperson was in the Indian war of
1885-'56. It was a "running" tight, as the
Indians would not stand their groutid and fight,
but constantly ran from the enemy, but the su-
perior intelligence and experience of thi^ white
men soon van(]nishe(l " jjoor Lo,"' and the war
was terminated.

lie then went to the Kraser river during the
gold excit(>ment in that vicinity, and remained
there until the fall of 1859. He then returned
to Oregon City, where he was engaged as clerk
on the steamer Clinton. lie continued in
this capacity until 1801, when the boat was
burned. .Vfter this he spent a season at the
Orophani. mines, where he was (piite successful,
and returned in the fall; and his brother. Captain
J. T., built the steamer Union, at a cost of |1(),-

00((, Using the available machinery saved from
the C'linton. This they ran very successfully
for a year, making trips from i'ortland to Day-
ton, when they fimilly sold it in 18f52; then Mr.
Apperson. in connection with Cajitain Miller,
ran it until 186-t. At this time Mr. Apperson
became interested in milling, of which business
he was a nninager until June, 1883, meet-
ing with gratifying success. When he com-
menced the managinent of the business, the
capacity of the mill was seventy barrels a day.
but he increased it to 550 barrels.'

In 1884 he came to McMinnville, where he
purchased an interest in the store of Mr. 15. F.
Ilartman, and after a year he purchased the
whole of .Mr. Ilartman's interest, and has con-
tinued in that business ever since. Under his
able management it has becoine the largest re-
tail general merchandise establishment west of
the Willamette outside of Portland. These sev-
eral instances of successful management staiu])
the man as possessing superior executive and
financial ability, (iiialities sutfieient to insure
the success of any one. It is to him and other
such men that McMinnville owes her present
proud position among the sister cities of Oi'e-
gon. He has made her interest his own, and
battled in her cause as no knight of old ever
fought for lady love. His store occupies the
entire first story of the Masonic iilock, at the
corner of Th''rd and B streets, in that part of the
city which he was instrumental in upbuilding.
H is establishment has a plate-glass front of large
dimensions, while the stock and fittings and
whole appearance in every minutia are of the
most modern and metroj)olitan kind. His pat-
ronage is not confined to the city alone, but ex-
tends in every direction, for fifty miles or more.
His business methods are liberal, to which are
maiidy due the confidence and the good-will of
the people, and which has succeeded in retain-
ing his old customers, while at the same time
constantly securing new ones. Besides his in-
terests in McMinnville, has has also contributed
to the growth of Oregon City, whire he aided
in the organization of, and took a small amount
of stock in, the large woolen factory of that city,
which establishment has given a wonderful im-
petus to her growth and prosperity. Of late,
however, his interests have been mainly confined
to McMinnville, where he became a stockholder
and an organizer of the McMinnville iS'ational
Bank. At the time of its organization he was
elected a director, which position he still holds,

BISTOlir OF OREOOX.

contrilmting l>y his iiliility and ivputHtion for
iiitt'frrity, in a large inoaHure, to its ])rertcnt
status of prosperity. I^esidcs these varioim
enterprises, due in a larj^c measure to his en-
ergy, he has been instrunicntal in establishing
tlic large creamery and cold storage company,
which is expected to prove of very great benefit
to the surrounding country.

In November, 1865, Mr. Appecson was mar-
ried to Miss E. A. Cook, a native of ('oldwater,
Michigan, and of New Englaixl parentage. They
have liad five children, all native sons and
daughters of Oregon. The eldtst son, .Vlbort
Beverly, is now an eflicient business man and
an assistant manager in his father's store; while
Edwin Clyde is cashier of McMinnville Na-
tional Hank; the daughters. Myrtle M., Elvie
E. and Lydia L., are intelligent ami prominent
members of McMinnville's best society.

Mr. Apperson is politically a Republican,
and although not an oftice-seeker, or office-
holder, takes an interest in local politics bo far
as desiring good and capable men for all posi-
tions of trust in the gift of the people.

lie is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F.
and has passed all the chairs of that fraternity.

Thus has ability been fostered by the marvel-
ous opportunities of tliis great commonwealth,
and Hkc some giant of the forest it towers aloft
in beauty and grandeur of strength.

**»-

JSAAC M. SIMPSON, a native son of Ore-
gon, and one of the most enterprising farm-
ers of Polk coiihty, was born on his father's
donation claim, April 23, 1857. Ilis father,
Isaac M. Simpson, Sr., was born July 4, 1813,
in Georgia. lie ismoved to Arkansas, and on
August 16, 1835, married Martha Jackson, a
native of Tennessee, l)orn November 8, 181").
They had three children in Arkansas, namely:
Amos (}arl, i^Iarsh W. ; and Eliza, now Mrs. L.
W. Langhbery. The family started for Oregon
in 1844, wintered in Missouri and arrived at the
Luokamute on November 20, 1845. They be-
longed to the train who were inducod to take
Meek's cut-off route and suffered much and
nearly perished with hunger in the mountains.
They came directly to tlie donation claim, in
Polk county, on the Luokamute, where the
family have since resided. Here the father died
in 1887. in the seventy-second year of his life.

lie was a reliable man, giving his farm his entire
attention and iiecoming prominent iis a stock-
raiser in those early days.

The son, Isaac M., was the only ciiild iiorn to
this family in Oregon, and was rearcil on the
farm, attending the public schools and helping
with the farm work, lie reniaiiiiMl with hi-i
father until his death. The father had been
very successful and had ptirclmsed other land,
which he had given to the children who ha<l
crr-ssed the plains with him, so he left the do-
nation claim to the son who had been born on
it. Our subject now has 400 acres of line land,
on which he is raising grain and also raises a
tine grade of cattle and horses, lie has been
and is still very successfid in all his undertak-
ings.

In addition to liis farm work Mr. Sim|ison
owns and runs a steam-thresher, and heaniiMally
threshes for his neighbors, about t)0,()00 bushels
of wheat an<l oats. lie is active and iMicrgetic;
is a stockholder in the Inile|)i'nd(Mi<',e Natioind
liank, and in the First .National ISank of Imlc
pendence, also in the Polk County Pank iit
Monmouth.

In 1883 lie was married to Miss Tobatha
Morrison, native of lowii, daughter of Mr. IJar-
nem Morri;<on. They have one child. Otto
Gerald. In politics Mr. Simpson is a !)<'mo-
crat, and has been elected to the important
office of County Cominissioner of Polk county,
and in that capacity is giving general satisfac-
tion. Ho is an excellent representative of ( )re-
gon's native sons.

^ft-^m^^^

§F. SMITH, one of the prosperous and
successful farmers of Polk county, canii"
<» to Oregon in 1840, when a boy of si.t
years of age. He was born in Missouri, May
4, 1840, and was the son of James Smith, now
deceased, who was one of Oregon's most hon-
ored pioneers of 1840. He was a native of
Virginia, born Octobei' 18, 1802. His ancestry
were early settlers of Virginia, but he I'cmoved
to Tennessee and later to Missouri, finally set-
tling in Polk county, Oregon. The father of
James, John Smith, married Elizabeth Thomas,
by whom he had eleven children, of whom
James was tlio third. James came to Missouri
when he was twenty-one years of .'ige and mar-
ried in Pike county. Miss Maria Kiel. They

nisrouY OK oitKdns

Imd five cliildroii, tlircc of wliiini now reside in
()ii!j(<>ii, iimiiciy: .luiiii II.; Miiiorvii, now Mrs.
.lolin l-ong; Ileiiry Saiiniei, who diinl in his
t'h'vciitli yL'iir; ntid Miiriii, who itmrriod Mr.
Madison Stnitii. 'I'Jie niutitcr died in 18iJl iitid
Mr. Smith niarj'ied utrain, and this tiniu his
ciioice fell n|iiin .Miss Elizaheth M. Wright, of
Montgomery county, Missonri, the ceremony
ocenrini^ l)ecemher 28, 1831. They lived in
Missouri until 18-lfi, st-veri uhildron heinj.; horn
to them, as follows: .lames I)., Eliza Ann.,
Mariraret Hlizahetii, IJenjamin F., G. \V., Cor-
delia C, and Elza I). Ill 1840 Mr. Smith and
his wife and children, Mr. John Long and one
of Mrs. Smith's sisters and hiishand, Henry
Smith, hrother of Mr. Smith, nil sturte<l together,
April 27. I84rt), for the gr 'at West. Mr. Smith's
onttit consisted of two waj^ons. with four yoke of
o.xen to ea<'h. They had a hard, long trip, hut
all lived to see the promised laiul, althoui^h Mrs.
Smith and the children wore sick on the way.
and they were witli/Ut hread for six weeks, and
they lost several Lead of cattle and horses
on the prairies. As the teams hecanie weak
from overexertion, the load had to he liirhtened
and Mrs. Smith and Mrs. Long emptied
their three nice feather heds. and in the days
that followed, when they were in .their little
pioneer cabins, how longingly di'l their minds
return to those same comfortable heds. They
came to a cafion in southern Oregon where it
was impossihle to get their wagons tlirough with
the force of men they had. and they gathered
around a camp-fire to hold a council, and while
in this council William Smith died with heart
disea.se, leaving his wife with a large family of
small children to finish the journey as liest they
could. He was hurieil in the timber. The
widow rode an ox and carrieil two children.
There were two men killed otit of the company
hy Indians. On the trip the company had
several tights with them, and the Inilians stole
hoi'ses and cattle at ditl'ei-ent limes, Thi' little
company arrive<l in I'olk county, Oregon, the
last of December, llei'o they canipi'cl out on
the L\ickamntc, on New Year's night, 1847. It
niineil hard and Idew that night and they had to
lay their log chains on the tent to keep it from
Mowing away.

They cros.sed the Little creek and lived in a
little log hut for three months, with ^tr. .loe
(ieorj^e. After this they purchased the right to
the donation of Mr. John White, who had t^ken
it. It was only 574 acres instead of the ()40

they thought they had, hut as others had taken
u|) the land all around theirs they could say
nothing. A part of this orij;inal claim is still
in the family. ThnM- children were horn to
Mr. and Mrs. Smith, in Oregon, luiinely: Fran-
cis Marion, who resides on a portion of the old
home j)lace, which he owns; Louisa Evaliiie,
now Mrs. II. (', McTiminous; and Rachel II.,
who now resides at the honu) farm with her
rnothei'. Mr. Smith and his wife were wortiiy
nieinhers of the Methodist Church, acting out
in their lives the precepts taught by that de-
n(jminntion. Mr. Smith resiiled on his farm
until March 25, 1872, when his death occurred.
His widow still survives him, now in iier
eightieth year. She is a tine specimen of the
bravo Oregon women of 184(5, and she enjoys
the love of her children and the high esteem of
a wide circle of the early settlers of ( )regon.

The son, I'. F. Smith, whoso nnmo heads this
sketch was reared on his father's donation eluiin.
atten<ling school in the district and at Dallas.
Here he remained until he became of age, and
in 18t)2 went to the Florence mines, remaining
one summer and the ne.xt going to the mines in
Hritish Columbia. In 1804 lie returned to
Oregon and went to the Owyhee mines in tliis
State. While in the mines lie was engaged in
mining, packing and teaming, in which business
he made some money. In 1M04, tiring of the
excitement of mining, he sold out and retired.
He bought 240 acres of land, where he now re-
sides, with his money, and never was money
better invested, as it now is one of the Knest
fai'ins in the county, with its neat farm build-
ings and all appliances of an atHuent farnmr.
He has added to his original purchase some 204
acres and has eighty acres of timber land. He
was Postmaster at Lewisville thi'ec years, and
was aj)poiuted i)y (iovernor Moody on the Ag-
ricultural Hoard for three years.

In addition to his other ventures Mr. Smitli
has been four years in the mercantile business,
at Lewisville, in which business he met with
fair success, but was burned out. He then re-
turned to liis farm, where he has since resided.
He has the reputation of being one of the most
enterprising men in the community.

Mr. Smith was married October 0, 1804, to
Miss Uachel M. Burns, who was born in Illi-
nois, but came to Oregon in 1848, with her
father, William IJurns. ^Ir. and Mrs. Smith
have three children: Laura S., died in 1870;
William Wriglit and Mary Elizabeth, both at

itisroiir OF oHEiinfi.

lioiiic witli tlit'ii' ])nrciit:«. Mr. Siiiitli itiul liis
wile lire diartcr ml•lrllle^^ of tlic (iniiii^c, which
WHS oi'i^tiiiizt't! ill IH7IJ. Tiiif order has ii lino
hull, tirsf, iiiiiit in 1S71 himI whs imnieil in ISh7
mill I'clniiit ill isiiO, wliich Mr. Smith iiidod
very maferiiiliy to Imilil. Ho it< iiHtnmf; Demo-
(■rut ill pdlitii's niiil no niio ie ^pokoll nF in iiiiy
hi^hur tonus ol' rospoct ihiiii this iioblo adoptecl
son of the soil. !!. 1*. Smith.

[1IJ,I.\M P. CONNAW.VY, a pmnii-
lU'iit liiisinees mnii and luiiikor of In-
dopcndoiico. Orej^oii, was born in Mis-
souri, May 3, 1850. His people wore oarly
settlors ol Virginia and tlioy claiirod Sootcli
aiu'ostry. His father, Doiiiiis II. Ooniiaway,
was lior'r in Virginia in 1819. lit' was a school
teacher liy profession and removed to Illinois,
where lie married liebccca Tatoiii, a native of
Illinois, anil they had throe ehildron. He was
a fanner in Missouri and liolil tlii^ ottico of
County Surveyor, and for twelve years was
County Clerk. Jlis wife died in 1851 and ho
married a second time, this wife becoming the
mother of tivi- cliildroii. When the irreat civil
war burst upon the country, ho espoused the
side le Union, and volmiteered to aid in put-
ting down the KohoUion. His oldest son also
voliintoerod, and during the great struggles to
]ier|iotiiato the I'liitod States of America, they
risked their lives to save their country. Hotli
made a good record and eaiiio out of the war
alive. The father died in ISS'.I.

As has been seen AV^illiaiii 1'. Connawdy lost
his mother when ho was only a year old. He
was reared in Missouri and educated at the iiiii-
vorsity of that State, and was in luisinoss there
for a , short time. In ls7o, wlioii twenty-five
years of age, he took the advice of Horace C4ree-
lov, and " came West to grow up with the
country." \U> came to liidopendence and was
engaged in the warehoiiso business, and then
went to Oregon City and became Secretary of
the Willamette Falls Canal and Locks Commis-
sion, and later he went to Harrisburg and ac-
cepted a |)ositioii as bookkeeper, where he
remained two years. He then returned to In-
dependence and engaged in the hardware busi-
ness, also in the buying and shipping of grain,
in wliieli he met with satisfactory success. In
1889 ho became one of the organizers and stock-

holders of the liiilc|ienileneu National Hank and
was elected cashier, wliicli position ho has since
coiitinneil to hold. In IHUO was built the lino
bank building on the corner of .Main and Mon-
mouth streets. it is the finest brick edilico in
the city, of substantial importance to the town
and a credit to the iiidginont and enterprise of
it> liiiilders. Mr. Connaway has interested him
self in and takiMi hold of the luisinoss en(orpi-ises
ealeiilated to helii lii> town. He is miu of the
builders and owners of the motor road, which
connects Iiulepiuidonce with Monmouth. He is
secretary of the company and is interested in the
lands connected with it. In tliis enterprise live
or six of the men of brains and business ability
of Indepeiidenco are engaged, and it is one of
the most important ventures of tiiis section, and
must result in making the two cities one. and
building ii|) all >ho valiiiiiilo property between
them. Much credit is due the gentlemen who
have conceived the idea and so far liooii success-
ful in the coiisnnii'iatioii of their plans.

Mr. Connaway was married, in 187'.', to Miss
.Mice Wells, a native of Missouri, daughter of
William Weils. They ha\e a daughter, Lillian,
born ill Iiiilc|)onileiico. Mr. and Mrs. Conna-
way are members of the Presbyterian Cliurcli,
and he is one of the Trustees of the same. \U\
has interested himself in the educational olTorts
of the town, and was CJlmirmaii of the IJoard of
Trustees of the district, when they liiiilt the tine
#20,000 schoolbonso in 18'.t(», a building which
roHoets inucli'croilit on all conceriiod. Several
times he has been on the Couiici', and was
elected Mayor in iX'.tJ. He is a Uepiiblican and
a prominent member of the Masonic fraloniity,
and was for seven years Master of his lodge. He
is both a Uoyal Arch and Knight Templar, and
also a Pa»t Slaster of the A. (). V. W. Thus it
can bo seen that this geiitteman is an all roiiml
active, etlicieiit factor in the affairs of the coiii-
niunity of which lie is an honored inemlier. It
is the character and push of the citizens that
make the town, a':il happy is the place which
|)ossesses such business luon as does Indepeiid-
etiee.

|B|EV. ELI5EIIT N. CoNDIT. A. M.. presi-
fwr dent of the Albany Collegiate Institute,
*v^ was born at Stillwater, Sussex county. New
.lersoy, in May. 1840. His paternal ancestors
were of English birtli. They settled in New

UimVltY OF iiHKdON.

.IiTHcy iilioiil KiOO. mill tln-ir dcrtcciuliiiitK lmvi«
lii'i'ii c|i>tiii^iiis|itM| ill law, iiii'iliiuiif uikI tlu-
clniruli, (It tilt' |iri!Miiit tiiiii! tliiim licinjj tin;
liiiiiu'H III' t*i\t('tiii MiiiiiHtt'i's rrmii tliix ruiiiily on
till! roll of till' I'ri'sliytoriaii ('liiiri'li. Tlie iim-
tt'iiml iiiicubtoi'rt of our .■•iilijwt wci'o of (iuriimii
birth, were iiIho ainoiij; tlio early iminigrHiits of
Ncnv ilerrtoy, am) likowimt afToriluil many onii-
iii'iit I'lfrf^yiiien. IJuv. 'I'lianinl H. unii ifuiit'cca
(tSrliat'er) Cniiilit, lli^ parunts, wuro born in New
flcrnoy. After tlii'ir iiiarriago tliuy Hi'ttU'il at
IStillwatiT, wiit'ri' Mr. Coiiilit was [mstor of tiin
rri'Hbytorian (Jliiircli fur forty four years, re-
tiriiif{ tlioii at tlio iTi|U('8t of his family. lie
jiassfil to his mi'ilastinj^ rfwunl in 1888, aged
eighty-four years, iiis good wife joiiiin;} him on
the other >horo in 1890, she being seventy-six
YiMtrs olil at the time of her death.

KIbert .\. was I'lliicateil at I'rinceton College,
grailnatiiig in 187ii. lie then organized a lire-
jiaratory school at Kast Millstone, New .lersev,
and after leaehitig one year entered the 'I'lieo-
logical Seminary ut I'riiieetun, and graduated at
that iiiHtitntioii in 18T7. lie was at onee or-
dained as minister, and sent to ( )regon, arrivinir
hert> in 'Innc of the same year. He then paRstd
six months in traveling through Oregon, Wash-
ington and Idaho, |ireHching and organi/.ing
Work for the Presbyterian Hoard of Homo
Missions. He was then located at .Vstoria,
where he sjieiit eighteen months, and built ii|)
the church from nineteen to fifty-three niein-
bers, leaving it in an active i;ondition.

Heing oflered the presidency of the Albany
Collegiate Institute at this time, he made a trip
East and brought out his brother and two sisters
to aid him in building up the institutioti. For
a period of two years he also filled the pastorate
of the I'resbyterian Church of .\lbany. resign-
ing in order to devote his whole time to the
college work. On account of internal trouble,
he resigned his presidency in 1885, and taught
one year. The following year he preached at
J'leasant (irove, Marion county. In 1887 he
returned to the institute as its president, and
has cuntinued in that otiice up to the present
time.

Prof. Coiidit was married in .\lbany, in July,
1881, to Miss Jennie Clark, a native of Oregon
and a daughter of David G. Clark, a pioneer of
the early ''"'Os. They have two children, Anna
M. and Elbert C.

The Albany Collegiate Institute was founded
by the J'resbytery of Oregon, in the fall ol

1866. Seven acres of land within the limits of
the city of .VIbany were donated by Thomas
Monteith and wife, and ^tops were immediately
taken for the erection id' a building Buital)l»' for
the work. In the fall of JStiT the institution
was formally ojiened under the presidency of
Kev. William .1. Monteith. A two-story build-
ing, 5().\(i(l feet, had Urn completed at a co»t
(d' about IS8,()()0. Since then the building has
la^eri im|ii'oved by additional sdioolrooms, two
well eijuipped gymnasium roonie, and the most
modern sanitary iin|irovementB, at an additional
cost of about #t;,()()0. In the summer of 18U2
a two-story addition, 50 .\ 100 feet, was erected,
at an expense of #15,000, with spacious halls,
easy stairways, furnace and electric fittings,
making the building one of tlio most complete
in the State. The original departments of study
Were primary, normal n collegiate. In 1881)
Prof. (,'Oiidit inaugiii ed a businest. course,
wliicii has become a very helpful part of the
work. The institution is under the aiisiiices of
the Presbyterian Church and the Synod of Ore-
gon. I'nder the able management of President
Condit the enrolled list of pupils has increased
from 100 to 200, this being a strong evidence
of his wisdom as an i.ietiuctor and his judg-
ment in sectiring a faculty eminently fitted for
the positions they have been called to occujiy.
The Synod is uneipiivocal in its praise ol Prof.
(Joiidit's etticient management, and congratu-
lates itself on having secured such a thorough
and successful educator to stand at the head of
this institution.

lELIAM II. MITCHELL, president of
the Mitchell, Lewis & Staver Company,
of Portland and the Northwest, was
born in ("liicago, Illinois, November li], 1834.
His father and mother, Henry and Margaret
(Mitchell) Mitchell, were natives of Scotland,
where they were married and emigrated to
America in 1832. Locating in Chicago, Mr.
Mitchell, a wagon-maker and wheelwright by
trade, opened a small factory and engaged in
the manufacture of such wagons as the country
required. In 1848 they removed to Kenosha, Wis-
consin, and with increased facilities conducted
a more extensive business, until 1855, when he
removed to Racine, Wisconsin, and organized the
firai of Mitchell, Lewis & Company, and founded

IlItiTOHY I IF OIlKflOX.

DOT

(•oiiiity as
Slicriti ill

tliii prcHCiit vory uxtotiAivt* liiuiiioitit, (Miiiiloyiii^
Uli iivcnigi' t'oi'ct* (if liod Mit'ii, witli II Miaiiiiriiut-
iiriiig |iowt'r of loo fiirm uml H|ii-in(^ \Mi),;(mn per
(lay. Afr. ami Mrn. Mitc-licll iii-(« still living at
Uiu'iiiu, having ci^ltibratiMl tiit< Rixticth aiinivur-
HRry ot' tliuir iiiHrrianc . I line, IHO'J. Tlicy iiavo
HJx cliildri'ii living, William 11. lii'ing tin' Bccond
cliiltl. Ilo wiiK <>tliicatt'(l at tlio hi-IiooIs of Kc-
iiiiHlia, anil atttMidcil tliu iiKluit rnivcritity until
lS5St, when lie jiiineil the tide of eini^ratimi
t'owiii>{ westward and, with IiIm ox team,
iTDHKcd the jilaiiis, and after eij^ht months uf
:ravel landed at Olyinpia, 'riiiii'Hton county, tlicii
Washington Tei'ritory. lie wtaifcd a liakery
'111(1 groeery and meat market, which he con-
tinued until IStiM, when ho eiigiiijed in theinill-
iiif^ InifineKs at Tiiniwater, ojH'rating both grist
and saw milJH until ISSO.

llo served the constituents of liin count
Kdiid Overseer in 1861. Deputy
18r)7-'58, and Comity (Jomiiiiwsioner in 1871.
lie Was elected to the Territorial Legislature,
and served in the Coniicil one term. In 1877
he was one of the principal movers in liuilding
the sixteen miles of road connecting Olyinpia
with the Northern i'acitic Uailruad at Teiiiiie,
but subsequently sold his interest in that line,
Its well as in the mills of Olyinpia. In 1880
he returned to his old home in llaciiie, it being
the tirst visit in twenty-eight years. At that
time Mitchell, Lewis & Ooinpany arranged
with him to handle their trade in ()regon and
Washington. After becoming well established
at Portland, he took up a line of buggies and
subseijuently worked into a general line of ve-
hicles and iinpleinents. The Portland ware-
rooms occn|iy a two-story building, 100 x 100
feet, wHh a warehouse, (50 x ~()0 feet, for the
storage of wagons, with branch offices at Al-
bany, La (irande and Medford, Oregon; Lewis-
ton, Idaho; .Seattle, Colfax and Olyinpia, Wash-
ington. In his several lines Mr. Mit(diell has
built np an extensive business, which has in-
creaKed in annual sales from #-t,00() to upward
of !^:2oO,000 per year. February 1, 1M!)2, the
Mitchell- Lexis Company consolidated with
Staver & Walker, and organized the Mitchell,
Lewis & Staver Company, which was incorpor-
ated under the laws of Oregon, with a paid-up
capital stock of |35O,OO0, William 11. Mitchell
being elected president and G. W. Staver vice-
jiresideiit and treasurer. .Staver & Walker
liKve been ])ri.minent dealers of Portland in i„rm
machinery and vehicles for some years, wiili

branch houses throOfthont the States of Oregon,

Idaho, Wiishiiigton and lirilisli Cnliiiiibla.

.Mr. .Mitchell married .Mi.-s .Miirtha T. .lohiis
at Olynijiia in 185!). She was a native of Ten-
nessee. They have four children: Prank W.,
Harry W., Albert I!, and Cora Ivlitli. TheHons
are all engaged with Mr. Mitchell in business,
Prank W. being assistant secretary. The fam-
ily reside on Iloliaday avenue and Ninth street,
where .Mr. .Mitchell has just built a very cdo-
gant home. Ilo also has large property inter-
ests at ()lyin|iia and vicinity, lie is a member
of the A. O. P. W., and is a Deacon of the
Kmaniiel liaptist Church of South Portlaml.

tA. IKXiPK, one of the reprosentativo
men of Portland, was born in Princeton,
<» (-fibson county, Indiana, .Inly, 1882.
His father, James P. ll(i;^ue, was from Tennes-
see and emigrated to Indimia in 18tJ7, and was
there married to Miss Sarah M. Finney, of Ken-
tucky. Mr. llogiie followed his trade of car-
penter until 1835, when he remnved to Mon-
mouth, Illinois, where he engagtid in building,
real estate and the mercantilo business. In
1844 he removed to McDonoiigh county, Illi-
nois, and then followed farming and stock rais-
ing until 1853, when he crossed the plains to
Oregon. The trip was iiiaile with horses, and
tli(«y made what was a short trip for those days.
Covering the distance in four months. Tlu>y
then located a claim of 320 acres in Linn coun-
ty, ten miles south of Albany, and there fanned
until the death of Mr. llogiie in 1871. His
widow is still living at the city of .\lbaiiy,
within ten miles of the old homestead, at the
age of eighty- two.

11. A. llogue lived at home until the age of
sixteen, improving the jirivilege of the di-trict
school, but more devoted to the inleresls of the
farm. Study was not eiijoyecl, and, although
his father desired him to tnke a college course,
he preferred business and self 8Upp(jrt ; so at the
age of eighteen his father ei|uip|)ed him with a
few necessary things and a foiir-liorse team, and
ill the sprintr of 1850 he struck across the
jilaiiis for California. There were eight teams
in the train and twenty-four men, all bent for
the gold mines of California, .lust three
iiioiiths from date of departure they landed at
Weaverville. Their trip was uneventful, except

908

HISTOHY OF OltBOON.

:.|

.11

ill flio Ilmiilidlilt valley, wliere tlioy lost about
lialt' their lioivcs fnnn tlin effect of the alkali
water. They iiiiiu'il for a sli irt time at Weaver-
ville, l)iit iiiiii<iiiii; no ••strikes'" tliey proceeded
to Sacrairieiito, where the company i)roke up.
Ml'. Ilof^ue then followed ininiii^r, ranching,
pai'kiiii,' iird trading in cattle until September,
ISTjl, when, witli hin pack train, he drove from
Vreka to Fivnch i'rairie, Oregon, for a load of
apples, and abo made one tri]) with tlour; then
retiirninj^ to I, inn county, he passed the winter
and s|)ring of \H^'i, sold his pack train and
traded in cattle, driving to ^'reka and Scotch
valley. In October, 1852, lie opened a store at
Hnrlinj^ton, Linn county, in partnership with
W. M. Powers. The followiiiir winter was
v<>ry Severe, and with the large emigration
wheat increased to $5 per bushel, flour to $25
per barrel, and other things in jiroportion; and
with little money in the country; iroods were
sold (jii credit, which exhausted liotli the tiiian-
ciers I'.nd the stock of the firm. In the spring
they closed out, ••dead broke," Mr. llogue tak-
ing np peddling to pay liis debts, and with the
ai'rival of his father, in the fall of 1833, he gave
him the balance of his stock, and taking up a
claim of UK) acres adjoining his father, he
iiassed the winter upon the farm, digging
ditches, making sod fences and hauling wood,
i'lefore leaving the East dames P. Ilogne
shipped by sailing vessel "around the Horn"' a
threshing inacliine and reaper, which arrived in
the spring of 185 f, with $800 charges for
freight. William Alliiigham paid the cliarges
and accepted one-half interest in the jilant, and
together they opera'^^d the machine through the
grain <listricts of IJnn, Marion and Polk coun-
ties, with great siicess, charging six cents per
bushel for threshing oats and ten cents for
threshing wheat. With the iireaking out of
the Indian war in the fall of 1855, Mr. Ilogue
enlisted in Com|iaiiy II. Oregon Mounted Cav-
alry, under Colonel J. W. Nesmith. Proceed-
ing to eastern Oregon, they had an eng.igement
on the Walla Walla river, which lasted four
days. They captured the celebrated chief, Peu-
Peu Mo.\-Mox, who was killed in camp while
attemjiting to escape. Our subject was chiefly
engaged as Quartermaster-Sergeant and cap-
tain's clerk, and returned to Salem in February,
185(j. in the (iuarterma8ter"s Department as
stockmaster of the Snuthern district, and there
reinaineil until the close of the war. Mr. Ilogue
then engaged in driving cattle to Chico, Sacra-

mento, and later to the Fraser river iii'iies.
In December, 1858, he came to Portland and
bought ail interest in the "Love eawmill," '
with W. P. .Vlirams and J. S. Hawkins, and
has since been connected with lumbering inter-
ests. Abrams & Ilogue purchased the Haw-
kins interest in 1859, and continued together
until the death of Mr. Abrams in 1873. In
the fall of 1861 they became connected with the
mills in eastern Oregon, with a large sasji and
door manufactory at the Dalles, untd 1867, and
in Idaho in a steamboat enterprise until 1869,
when they returned to the />alles, and Mr.
Ilogue was commissioned superintendent of
construction of tlio United States mint build-
ing; but after using up" the appropriation of
$110,000 the work was stopped and was never
continued. In February, 1871, he returned to
Portland, and with Mr. Abrams purchased tlib
east side mill, where Mr. Abrams met with an
accident which resulted in his death. Mr.
Ilogne subsequently purchased the interest of
the estate, and continued the mill until 1887,
when he rebuilt and with improved machinery
increased his capacity to 50,000 feet of lumber
per day, of ten liours, which he has maintained
summer and winter, with a market to consume
the supply. In 1880 he purchased an interest
in the Ahernethv mills at Oah Point, Washing-
ton, with a similar capacity, the product being
shij)ped to coast jwrts. In 18o7 Mr. Iloguo
secured the franchise and installed the tirst
electric light plant in East Portland, which ho
continued four years, then sold to the Albina
Light & Water C irapany, of whicli he is now a
stockholder. He was one of the organ'zers of
the Transcontinental Street Car liailroad, on
Third and Ninth streets, of the Portland Tele-

fhone Company, ^iresident of the Willamette
ron Bridge Co. and among the tirst stockliold-
ers, also of Madison street bridge, stockholder
and director of Multnomah Stave and Barrel
Factory on the east side; stockholder of the
Dalles National Bank, director and president
of the Union Jianking ('ompany. stockholder
in the Portland National Bank, Portland Smelt-
ing Company, Portland Hotel, and many other
enterprises.

Mr. Ilogue was married in Portland in De-
cember, 1860, to Miss Sarah L. Abrams, daugh-
ter of W. P. Abrams, who came to Oregon in
1849. They have two children: Harry W., a
practicing lawyer of Portland; and Chester J.,
still at college. Mr. Ilogue still owns 180

-■ t:t

If!'

: !t>^

fffHT'^RV OF riRKOOS.

000

Hcros of the oW UometiteiKl in Linn ronnty, bp-
sidps iniicli v-Hluftt !(• iiupro\0(l j,ronerty in the
eitj of I'oi'tlan'l. (iv in a Mt'pnlliefiii in poli-
tics, and wiw !i Ktruujj; |mrli«aii during!; tlio dnys
of tin* reU'.IIioii. Ill H('».">, wliilo in eustern
()rft>;on, hfi was I'iooicd t<s a sjieciul session of
the State I.egislatim!. lit i» one of Hio pnsi:-
iiiy. cnter|irisin^ mon af Portland, cormidorini;
no duty Joo ni-uat tli.it advances the int'Tests of
his adopU/tl city.

^^.^^..f-« —

A, WC*)I'.- -Atuon^ tlxwti to whniii it
duo tl>*' advaiicoiiiont of Portland i' '

Ri » xiciniiv, none have heen more ;.
and pevMit!ruij,{ tlmti has w wl!o>e nanif: f' .
thi- artiple.

T. A. WiHjtl was born at Woi<iw ..mhI,, :
Montijoiiit'rs connly, Illinois, Man-'i . I"i38. I
The Wood ianiilv ■» of Scotch-Iri^h nncostry. it» \
founders in tlii- ooiintry settling in So\it!iCai-o-
lina at ivn eai'l\ day Wiipii tlif Rf^^otnfl'>IlirJ•
war camt i lyeil itstcif on the

side o^" :i ■ 'led men iind nie»n''

to ibo cause. Un one oci-asion the family farm
wa> mifiwl >,y Twit.. '.«!,'. .tohj »!i ,>? . i1 '- f
geese except one gander, niiftiit ti-
which thevattac-hed something Ponta^nlll^,' a lew
iiounies, toottlier with a sliji of iiajiei- on whioh
was written the following veive:

"Ml. WiKid, your geese are s<k)i1;
But.a^ fitoulinf{ m usiiiniler,
W«i li«ve li'iuehl y<iiir jreei<«, for a i>enuy apiece,
And Ishvp r -ns''- t?ii> gHnder,"

Ilelx-'ca (McVViliiKm-i \V...«i nuitW (tf our
Bulijeet. watt a rativool' Kentucky ,v. l.>fSi< r"
\\'\>\\ ancenfry Her nnither wat; a Kirkjji.-i ,
a direc* deseendaot of Uaron Kirkiiatrick, of
SeotllVnd. the family seai in that conntry lieing
at t'loaehnrn. The father nl our sniijecf eini
grated, alioiit 1822, to Illinoi-, wliere he pur-
chased 1,600 acres of land in what is now
MontfTtruiery coimty. and founded the town of
Woodliori.ugh. Both navents »it:no'.v deceamwl.
and of their twelve idiiidren ipnly ii- »- iinr\ tvH,

The suliject of onr sketuh was cM'iy taught to
work, and at the a;);e of (cn yeari ■ t^i^an Kn|ier-
intendinfT (he farm ami assist' i\jr its father in
their store, which practical experimiiv i>rove,d of
great henetit to the youn;^,' inin<l. At the age of
fourteen, he struck out in life to j<iin the lido I'-f
emigration to Orojjfon, He f»].erionced the
Uo.ial vici^sitndl's in crossing He yfkk-. and ar

ri'-erl in wfelv at the Dalles after a triji of six
•noiiths' dunitibn. Thence he went liy Indian
lanue to Portlanil. whore he landed on Xovem-
l)t«r y, \^-h'X. Pulling iiro practice what he hail
learnei'' of llUi!'ines^ at ii )me, iN[r. VVooil soon
outraged m iiusiiipsn oi: his own account, and
openod'!iifii«i fn,!t ((land in Portland. Through
friend- '• ,. i;?.~ -.'it liushels of seedling
applf cm 8(|uiro Elierly, of

Tn*l5 them for twenty-live

wntK aby a handsome profit,

a. • "to the bushel. With

»i etired from business,

lore fruit. He then

add, in his wholesale

jr aiiout three years,

of the time.

• g excitement in Hri-

Hii; < tMiit,i'j :•!, ! • the scene, but after

etajinj; imly ^m f- irted on his return.

Tlie Ir.dirtn war l!»'l jutt 'oken out and about

fif'<^en nfiiles above the i Lilies he was espied by

a party of hogtiio lii<)ian.- Three of them came

toward hiin with ii'iilc ! ./i.ns, and it seemed as

thoujih ' fl )ira«h»'i ■

wr.Hi hi !)»d h<4rii »"

that liie best thing to iie

■ 'o appear

ii><i. 1.' tonly succeeded (as
ir aflerwaiil appeamd) lU toakiiig the savages
think ho was crazy, ami this was what savi^l his
life, as the Indians were afraid to harm a man
who was insane. Tims (hey left him to go ids
way. They had burned the ferry at that point
and killed the ferryman the day before. From
the I'alles lie returned in -t.fety to Portland.
Mr, \Vootml, althonidi vi t only a lioy, ]ii'ac-
riifcUv iiiftiiugtMl tilt' !.n^ine^■s, making for lii^
employor a grea* deiii -.f money. During his
vacjition in 1857. Jie. .viih i:iree friends, made
liw fttcent of Mt. JIo'm!. discovering two lakes.
ow; of Aijieli WftB nanied Wood lake. It is now
ki. ' ' -'viHid lake.

I'^ri'^ the suiiject of our sketch

I'anania route, for

^e. He attended

aware, < )hio, one

'lied him to give

i»- ffturiicd to the family

'••' .Vfter the tiring upon Smn-

- made speeches throughout the

^. ■>■' < , .kr- (if llliiioif in 'M-lalfof the Union

c.'iu-c (Hid t?ij41i»Leii ooiiinaiiius for tlie(rovern-

liemembering from

■y old frontiersmen,

I me undiM' such cir-

nfrightened, he made

Stik, !
the
th<'
Veikr

irv

;!?f

-I

IIISTOnr OF OliEGON.

«on

acres of the old liomestoad in Linn county, bo-
sides much valuable improved |)roperty in the
city of Portland, lie is a Republican in poli-
tics, a.id was a strong partisan during the days
of the rebellion. In I860, while in eastern
Oregon, he was elected to a special session of
the State Legislature, lie is one of the push-
ing, enterjirising men of Portland, considering
no duty too great that advances the interests of
his adopted city.

A. WOOD. — Among those to whom is
du(^ the advancement of Portland and
* vicinity, none have l)een more active
and persevering than has he whose name heads
this article.

T. A. Wood was I'orn at Woodboroujih,
Montgomery county. Illinois, March 1, 1S38.
The Wood i'amilv is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, its
founders in this country settling in South Caro-
lina at an early day. When the Revolutionary
war came on the family ai'rayed itself on the
side of patriotism, and furnished men and means
to the cause. On one occasion the family farm
was raided liy Tories, who stole all of a tiock of
geese except one gandei', about the neck of
which they attached something containing a few
pennies, together with a slip of pa|)er on which
was written the following verse:

" Mr. Wood, your geese are good;
But, as stealing is a slander.
We liave bouiKlit your geese, for a penny apiece,
And leave it with the gander."

Rebecca (McWilliams) Wood, mother of our
subject, was a native of Rentucky ai.d ofScotch-
Irisii ancestry. Her mother was a Kirkpatrick.
a direct desceiulant of Baron Kirkpa'rick, of
Scotland, the family seat in that country being
at Closeburn. The father of our subject emi-
grated, about 1822. to Illinois, where ho jiur-
cbased 1.600 acres of latul in what is now
Montgomery county, and foundeil the town of
Woodborough. Ijotli parents are now deceased,
and of their twelve children imly five survive.

The subject of our sketch was early taught to
work, and at the age of ten years began super-
intending the farm and assisting his father in
their store, which practical experience proved of
great benetit to the young mind. At the age of
fourteen, he struck out in life to join the tide of
emigration to Oregon. He experieru'cd the
Ui-.ial vicissitudes in crossing the jilains, and ar-
»7

rived in safety at the Dalles after a trij) of six
months' duration. T' .'e ho went liy Indiiiu
canoe to Portlaml, wii\jie he landed 011 Novem-
ber 9, 1852. Putting into jiractice what he had
learned of business at home, Mr. Woo<l soon
engaged iti business on his own account, and
opened the first fruit stand in Portland. Through
friends, he |)urchasiMl eight bushels of seedling
apph's uC $t') a iiushel, from S(|iiire Kiierly. of
Tualitin jilains, and sold them for twenty-live
cents apiece, realizing thereby a handsomt" profit,
as the apples numbered 290 to the bushel. With
the sale of the apples he retir(«d from business,
as he could not got any more fruit. Ho tluui
began to work for W. S. Ladd, in his wholesale
grocery, renuiining there for alwut three years,
attending school a portinti of the tinu*.

In 1855, during a mining excitement in Mri-
tish CJolumliia, he wet-.t to the scene, but after
staying only one night, started on his return.
The Indian war had just broken out and about
fifteen miles aliove the Dalies he was espied by
a party of hostile Indians. Three of them came
toward him with loaded guns, and it seemed as
thoiitih his time had c<une. Rememberiii"; from
what he had heard said iiy ol<l frontiersmen,
that the best thing to be done under such cir-
cumstances was to ajijiear unfrightened, he made
a desperate effort to do so. but only siu-ceeded (as
it afterward appeared) in making the savages
think he was crazy, and this was what saved his
life, as the Indians were afrai«l to harm a man
who was insane. Thus they left him to go his
way. They had Imrned the ferry at that ])oint
aiul killed the ferryman the day before, r'roni
the Dalles he returned in safety to I'ortland.

Mr. Wood worked for S. ,1 . McCormick in his
book store, and, although vet only a lioy. prac-
tically managed the business, making for hin
employer a great deal of money. During his
vacation in 1857. lie, with three friends, nuule
the ascent of Mt. Hood, discovering two lakes,
one of which was mimed Wood lake. It is now
known as Chitwood lake.

December 2.3, 1858, the subject of our sketch
started for the East, via tiie Panama route, for
the purpose of entering college'. He attended
the Wesleyan Pniversity. Delaware, Ohio, one
year, but failing health com|ielled him to give
lip his studies, and he returneil to the family
home in Illinois. After the tiring U|)on Sum-
ter, in 18()1. he made speeches throughout the
southern part of Illinois in behalf of the Union
cause and enlisted compHiijes for the (rovorii-

Hi;™-'.*'

'r, 'H

\'^\ 1

ciS'^%::

010

nrSTORY OF OREOON.

meiit. 11(( Wii8 tlieii a|)|ii)iiile(l liy (icneriil Fre-
mont lis (yliH|)lHiii of liiH lioily fTiinnl. Imt l>y
onler No. Klo, from tliu Sccrefary of war, nil
iiekl ollicers ii])|)oiiil('<l liy Kreinoiit wero reliuved
from fnrtliur <liity.

Mr. Wood wiib marriud at Staiinfon, llliimin,
March K'l. 18(i2. aiid on the 28tli of April started
across tlm plaitis for Orej^on, with a mule team.
The dislance was covered very rapidly, and ex-
cepting the delay.-^ caused liy high watei' and In-
dian ti'onhles, only forty-live days were spent in
actual travel, which was rapid for those days.
His expeiience in Indian warfare stood him in
j^ood stead, as liy strategy he delayed the action
of a large company of Indians, thus saving the
lives of ids party. They struck the Columbia
river at Ixwiston, going then liy steamer to
I'ortland, arrivitig at that city in safety. The
i)rolilcni of |)roviding for himself and wife then
i'occd him. His first venture consisted in the
selling of 3(t.()(l() young fruit trees to the new
Bettlers of (irande Honde valley. The profit
aggregati'd ij^Ci.tHKt. hut as the sales were made
on time, and a severe winter followed, which
killed all the stock, the money he had invested
was lost, especially as he forgave his debtors
and desti'oyed their notes.

In consequence of the blockade in tlie South,
in lSt'>3, turpentiiK! advaiu'ed in price to S3 |iei'
gallon, and Mr. Wood conceived the idea of
making tliis valuable article of commerce by
tapping the ( )regon lir trees, the enterprise
netting him $lt'i,()0(».

The colored children were prohibited from
the public school, and Mr. Wood took ii]) their
cause, and a compromise was made by giving
them a school of their own at public, expense.

Among the enterprises with which he en-
gaged his attention in the, '(ills was the building
(if a steam gristmill at La drando, which he
<i|)erated successfully for two years, lie then
sold out for $20, ()()(>, taking in payment a large
quantity of (lour, which he freighted to Moise
("ily, Idaho, where lately established communi-
cation with California had caused the price to
fall, so that he lost !5!l(),(HH> by the transaction.

It was about this time that he decided to en-
ter th(( ministry, this having been a long cher-
ished plan. Joining the Oregon Conference of
the Methodist Episcojial Church, ho engaged in
active ministerial work for nine years, during
which time he reiH'ived into the church one
thousand converts, and built three churches and
two pnrsonageB, In i87t>. becni)se of serious

injury to his voice and to his general health, he
retired from the ministry.

For two years he was engaged in a museum
enterprise, which, however, resulted adversely.
In 1S78 he turned hi.s attiMition lo the real-
estate business, opening an otHc<! in room No.
1, Odd Fellow's Huilding, doing a general com-
mission business. In 1880 he began the hand-
ling of large tracts, first purchasing 300 acies
on time, on which, by subdividing and selling
in advance of maturing payments, he made
•Sii.OOO, thus solving the problem of making
money without ci'i)ital. As agent he sold the
Cole's Addition and also a large iiart of South
Portland. He jiurchased, in 1883, 320 acres
from Kcv. John Selwood, and organized the
Selwood Real-estate Company, subdividing the
plat and laying out the town of Selwood, and
making a good profit for the purchasers. The
successful carrying out of this enterprise was
the imiuguration of the great movement in real
estate in this community, which lias done so
much for the building up of Portland. The
tive-cent fares given to the residents of Selwood
marked also the beginning of the era of five-
cent fares for Portland.

Mr. Wood's next enterprise was the organiza-
tion of the Northwest Fire & Marine Insurance
Company, of which he was elected president.
While in this business he drafted the insurance
laws of Oregon and lobbied them through the
Legislature, after which he retired from busi-
ness.

In 1888 when the Puget sound country was
being lioonied so extensively and successfully,
Mr. Wood turned his attention toward the
betterment of the feeble efforts being made to
advance Portland's interests and organized the
Oregon Board of Emigration Society, securing
by means of a judicious system of jiiiyments, a
large subscription, thus placing the society upon
a solid financial basis. In 1889 he purchased
038 acres of land southwest of the city, a portion
of which he subdivided, designating it West
Portland, and agreeing that when 000 lots were
sold a motor road should be built to the tract.
Successfully carrying out his plan, the motor
road was built, which now extends six miles out
to West Portland Park, thus developing that
portion of the city. He has tmw laid off' 480
lots as tl.'e first addition to West Portland Park.
In 18!)0 he drafted the constitution and by-laws
for, ami was instrumental in organizing the
Metltodist Social Union of Portlaiid. He was

niSTORY UF OUK(;()N.

1111

hIho active in foun<lin^ tlio Portlaml University,
of wliicii lie was ele'Jted vic.e-preBidont. Indeed
Mr. Wood lia8 tlms far iiad a remarkably siie-
eessfiil career, l)eitig especially successful in the
organization of ])ro8])orons corjroratioiis, tlie
ostablishmoiit of snliurban roads and the sale of
city lots. His foresight in regard to land values
was demonstrated in early days. When he
wished to purchase half a lot on Front street,
between Stark and Washington streets, for !?37U,
Mr. Ladd said to him: "Keep your money,
Tom, you will never get it back again."

Mr. and Mrs. Wood have seven children:
William II., Virginia A., Charles E., Emma R.,
May, .lohn II., and Xellie D. The family re-
side at No. 455 West Park street, where, in 1881,
he built a substantial home, provided with
modern conveniences and imi)rovements, and
laid out the grounds in a tasterul and attractive
manner.

Mr. Wood is a member of the Indian War
Veterans and of the Oregon Pioneers. He is
now Captain of the Indian War Veterans. His
life has been characterized by great activity, keen
foresitrht, sound iudi;ment, and the sttrictest
integrity, and, as one of Portland's most sub-
stantial developers, his name will go down to
posterity. Of him it has been truthfully said
that he has made more money for more meii
than any other man in Oregon.

fll.VRLES P. BACON, is another of those
intellectual giants which Oregon has the
happy faculty of producing. It may be
owing to the air her inliahitants breathe, that
tliey at once seem endowed with almost super-
hunian endurance and power, and their intel-
lectual faculties are marvelously developed. If
some shrewd yaiikce could secure this wonder-
ful elixir and bottle and sell it, he would have a
fortune eipial to many gold mines. Ilowincr,
that may be, and whatever the cause, we have
only to chronicle the result as exhibited in the
case of the subject of our sketch.

He was born in Candor, Tioga county. New
York, on April 15, 1823. He is of New Eng-
land ancestry, his great-greatgrandfather, Na-
thaniel Bacon, having come from Hutland, Hug-
land, and settled in Connecticut in the early
diys of that colony. He lived to a good old
age, and died in l1Wi. His great-graiidfatl|er,

Thomas Bacon, and grandfatluir, Seth IJacon,
and his father. Dr. William I'.ucon. were all
born in that State. His grandfather, Seth Hacon,
was born in 17(')8, and his son. Dr. William
'iacon, in 17!M. Dr. William married Miss
Harriet L. Hunt, daughter of Cajjtain Walter
Hunt, and they had nine children, live now sur-
viving, riioy lived to a good old age, celebrat-
ing their sixty-eighth wedding day in .Niles,
Michigan, in 1SS3.

Our subject was the third of the family ami
the eldest son. He was raised in Ithaca, New
York, until he was seventeen years of age, when
he removed to Hrancli county, Michigan, remain-
ing there seven years. In 1817 he removed to
Illinois, where he was interested in the lumiier
business and a grocery store for three years. ( hi
March 4, 1850, he started to cross the plains,
and had a chance to drive a team for his boai-d.
The bargain was that he should help James ('.
Turner to Oregon, and that he was to he
boarded, and gi\e Mr. Turner half of the |)rotit8
of the first year's work in Oregon. They had
a pair of mides, a pair of horses and u saddle
pony. They got out of provisioiis twice on the
way, but arrived safely at their destination, Mr.
Macon driving the same team into Oregon ('Ity,
with which he had started in Illinois. He first
worked in a sawmill for So a day and bnaid,
receiving in twentv-t'our hours a.- much as he
would have received in Illiimis in a month, iJiU).
They ran the mill night and day and Sundays,
but he declined to work on Sunday. I'rom there
he came to Portland, where he conducted a
boarding house for a short time, afterward (Mi-
gaging with Mr. William Sherlock ti) drive .Mr.
Sherlock's team and do draying for a shaie of
the profits. In the summer and fall of 1S51 lie
clerked in the general nieicliandise store of Mr.
W. II. Harnhart, and later clerked l'(ji' Thomas
Pritoliard. In 1852 he went after gold to
.facksdnville, (Oregon, and to Yreka, California,
but did not get much. He picked up enough
in Cottonwood creek to makeagold ring, which
he put on his wife's finger, when they were mar-
ried, which she still wears. That was the ex-
tent of his gold digginj;. Me returned to ( Ire-
gon, and in Februarv, 1853, purchasiMl im inter-
est in Mr. Sherlock's draying business. They
started with two horses and a <lray, which was
made by using the hind wheels of a double
wagon. They worked in that way for a while,
then opened a small staiile, out of which grew
their livor^- busjuess, |t was probably in iyo4,

013

niSrORY OF OUFMON.

\vli(<n tlii'y lidiiglil tlieir first Imji^y, wliicli was
CMC nf the lirst in tiie city. Tiii'ir livt'i'y hiisi
iiees wiiK very [)ro.-|)ei'oiiK, i^niwinj^ witii tiincity,
until it Ijociinie ii liirirc cntfrDrist". Thev liciiiin
ti) introdni't' tine l{|!ici< Ilii\vi< Mora's, anil tlieir
staliles Were caiieil tiic Black IJawU slables.
Mr. I'aeon cdntinncil in this busini^'^s for thirty
yi^ars. Ainnnjf the well-known horses that they
owni'fi, was " I'aul Jones," then (jnite t'anious.
In IS")!) they liecitnie the owners of the old inis-
hion lienl oi' horses and colts, which were tnosUy
of Kentucky stock, over eighty in all. In ls54
they purchased lands in Washington county, and
three years later, in 1857, they purchased Swan
island, raisin<^ on these lands their stock. In
the early day they did nearly all the drayinir
and livery business of the city, and they began
to buy and sell horses an<l other property, and
invested lari^oly in city property. In IHT);} he
owned a lot on the corner of Alder and Third
streets, which they sold f<ir a yoktt of oxsn and
a gold watch, which property afterward sold
for $12,000, now being valued at $50,000. In
18t!7 Mr. Macon bought out his j)artner. They
divided a part of their real estate, but still own
consi(leral)le property together, Mr. Bacon con-
tinning the livery business alone. They built
the brick building on the corner of Second and
( )ak streets, block 17, wliieli is one of the early
briek buildings of the city; and also aided in
other city iinprovenienta.

On January 17, 1855, he was married to Miss
Clara Clark, a native of Maine, and daughter of
Mr. Jo.se|)h Clark, a veteran of the war of 1812.
Her nioth(i|-'s maiden name was Mercy B. Cobb,
daughter of Ca|)tain Rowland Cobb, who served
in the Revolutionary war, in which he enlisted,
being pronioteil from Corporal to Cajitain dur-
ing his service in that famous struggle for
independence. Ilei' mother was a descendant
of the Butlers, who came over in the ^May-
flower. Her ancestors wer(> Baptists in religion.
Mr. Bacon's progenitors have always adhered to
the Church of England, — the Episcopal denom-
ination.

Mr. and Mrs. Bacon have three children, two
daughters and a son, all born in Portland.
Tessie Hloise. one of the daughters, died when
two years of age. Hattie Louise married Mr.
G. W. Weidler, and they have an elegant home
in the same block with her parents. Mr. Wei<l-
ler is a member of the Willamette Mill Com-
pany, one of the largest business tlrnis in the

city. Their son, Charles, is in the Insurance
business.

Mr. Bacon owns a farm of 205 acres, situated
liv(( miles west of the city, where ho is making
a ]iastimc of raising fast horses and .lersey
cattle. In 1880 he purchased the double block,
on which are his residence and that of his
daughter. The grounds are tastefully laid out
and beautifully adorned with ornamental trees
and shrubs, while the residences are among the
handsomest in the city, replete with all modern
improvements and conveniences, and truly model
homes.

He and his family are members of St. Mark's
Episcopal Church. lie was formerly a vestry-
man of Trinity Church, and when St. Mark's
was organized, was inatrumentel in building it,
and was elected a vestryman.. In politics he
had always affiliated with the Democrats previ-
ous to the war. when he sided very strongly
with the Union, since which time he has been a
Republican.

If success attends the most worthy, and the
fittest survive, we require no better exponent
of the fact thati this outline of this whole-souled,
upright and aimable citizen, who, by his own
endeavors, honestly and honorably exercised,
has acquired wealth and the esteem of his fel-
low-citizens.

-^■^■•^

JRA V. BOWERS.— Among the successful
|l business men of Portland none are more
S^ highly respected than Mr. Ira F. Powers,
who was born at A u Sable Forks. Clinton county,
\ew York, in 18iU. His ancestry in England
can be traced back in direct line to the twelfth
century. The American branch was first known
at Littleton, Massachusetts, in 161i}, by the name
of Power, from them descended four sons, wIkj in
1()S;{ added the "s'' to the name.

Levi Powers, the father of our subject, passed
his early life in Vermont, engaged in a sawmill,
and fiiibeoqnently emigrated to Ballston, New
York, and followed the same line of business,
and was there married to Miss Mary Frost, and
the union was blessed with several children.
The parents lived to extreme old age and died
amidst their children.

The education of Ira F. Powers has been
chiefly acquired from the school of experience.
At the age of twelve years he struck out in life

OtbTORY or OKKOON.

ftiM

iiiid fi'iiin tliiit (lute luts I'ltnicd liis invn t-ii|i|iiii't.
Ill' t'ullowfil I'ariniiiif up to tlie iige of ei<;litwM
ycHrs, lint Ijciiiff of a inecliaiiiciil iiiiiiil lie then
I'litereil an iron niaiiufHctory and licgan to leai'ii
that triido. Mcfore the first year had jiassed liL-
showed such talent that his waives were raised
to $1.50 a day, but even that was declined, as
the heat of the furnace and the hanl work made
the place unsatisfactory. He then returned to
fariniii}!;, which he followed until the fall of
1851 when, with a few friends, lie decide<l to
eonio to California. To that end he forwarded
money to New York for the purchase of tickets,
hut upon his arrival in Xew York about De-
cendicr 15, prices had advanced for through
tickets and the nuiney advanced was insufticient
and returned. ()\ir sidiject then jiiirchased a
ticket for $100 by the bark "Krindan" with 15(1
passengers to sail arouncl the Jlorn. This was
finally acconiplishedi and thoufjh the company
was the amalgamation of all countries it was an
orderly crowd, and with plenty of water and sup-
plies the trip was a comfortable one. They
landed in San Francisco August 5, 185:2. Mr-.
Powers had little faith in mining still, with his
friends, he went to the mines in J'lacer county
and with just enough success to continue experi-
menting, which was the way with all miners.
lie visited the several mining localities of Cali-
fornia and Idaho, and stuck to it for thirteen
years. He then cried a halt and (juit the br.si-
ness, against the desires of his friends. He
declared that he woid<l not raise another shovel
of <lirt. He then came to Portland iti the spring
of 1865, and with A. Hurcliard engaged in the
second-hand furniture bnsini'ss, which was con-
tinued with great jirotit until the great fire of
1873, when they were burned out and nearly
everything was destroyed. They saved about
$5,000 each from the wreck. I^Ir. Powers then
started in I)usiness alone in the same line, wliich
he followed until 18'J1, when he sold out because
of incompetent help to manage the store while
other duties demanded his attention. In IST-t
Mr. Powers engaged in the manufacture of fur-
niture, the firm of Donly, Heard & Powers being
formed, with a factory at Willsburg, whicli con-
tinued about two years. Mr. Powers then sold
his interest and started a factory on the corner
of Front and ^ladison streets, and with about
twonty hands manufactured all varieties of fur-
niture. With the growth of the city and
increasing land values and rentals, about 1870,
Mr. Powers saw that the best thiny; would be to

buy property, and he pnndiuscil block lUl im
Water street, at the foot o!' Montgoinery, and
there iiuilt a very complete factory. Here he
continued with great success until 18.^1. when
his factory was set on lire and cmnplettdy de-
stroyed, causing a lo.ss of !>'50,000. In 1887
he sold the l)lock for railroad imr|)ose3 and pur-
chased three acres in South Portland and there
erected a more complete factory, the buildings
covering nearly every part of the ground, with
saw and planing mills, enabling him to piindiase
his lumber in the log, which jtasses through his
own mills and comes out in the complete furni-
ture ready for market. A force of sevent-tive
hanils are constantly employed, and his sales-
rooms are located on I'irst street, where he
(K'cupies a three-story building, and conducts a
wholesale and retail business. Mr. Powers was
married at La Porte, California, in 18li(Uo Miss
Minnie Wilson, who died in 18(il, leaving one
son, Frederick. Our subject remarried iti 1870
to Miss Mary Selcin wdio, after five years, passed
away, leaving one son, wdio was named Ira F.,,Jr.
The latter was married October G, 1801, to Miss
Mabel Jamison of Indianapolis, Indiana. Mr.
Powers is a Ivnight Templar, F. iV .\. M., and
acharter member of Pilot Peak liOilg(», I.( >. O. F.
He was one of the buihlers ot the Morrison
street bridge, which was commenced in 1870, and
was also a stockholder and builder (d' the Madi
son street bridge. He was one of thcorganizers
of the Metropolitan Savings 15ank, whicli subse-
(]iiently changed to the Oregon National I'aidt.
Asaphilaiithro])ic act Mr. Powers worked up the
organization incorporated as thcPoys and (iirls'
.\id Society" and is still one of the zealous
workers of the institution, which has been sig.
nally benelicial in reclaiming young children
and caring for them until suitable homes can be
jirovided for them. The home now contains
about twenty children, who are or|ihans, neg-
lected and destitute. A noble and praisevvorlhy
charity. As a business man Mr. Powers has
been a success, and this is a reward of honesty,
integrity and jiersevering labor, atid as an enter-
prising citizen he commands the respect of all
who know him.

|K. OTIS D. HFTLKU, of Independmiofl,
is a i-ativo of Polk county, born .liiiie 10,

180'-

He is a son of Orville Duth^r, a

native of Illinois, born in 1840, ami a grandson

914

iihsrony of ouKnoy.

w 1

14;

of J. 15. V. Hiitler, 11 imtive of Xuw ir!iiii|»liirc,
wli,/ t'lnii^ruted to llliii<>ic>, wIutc he iiiHtTicd
MIhs Kli/.iil)(!tli Iiij;nlls.

Ill 1S4!I tilt' family cronaed tliu plains to
Oruf^oii, tim Doctor's fiitli(<r heiiif;; ont^ of tlio
coiiijiaiiy. IIo recoiveil his odiicatioii in this
Ktato, und n-iiiaiiicd with his father iintit ho wiih
of age. Ill IHOl lie was married to Miss Klleii
Murphy, of Moiimoi th, a daughter of Kov.
William Murphy, of the CliriBtian Church, and
one of Oreiron'a pioneers. Tiiey had three
children: Otis I)., our Bubject; C. \V., who
was a student at the State Normal School three
years, and is now a practiciiif^ dentist; and
Klleii, now Mrs. ,J. K. O'Doniiell, whose hus-
band is a leading hardware merchant of Inde-
pendence. The mother died in 1870, a faithful
member of the Christian Church, and a most
estimable woiiiun. The father, who afterward
married Miss Mary Lee, of Dallas, now lives
on his farm in Linii county, with a family of
four children: Sadie, Vance, Dean and Frank.

Dr. Hutler tasted the bitter with the average
poor boy of his day; entered Christian College
at Monmouth, at the age of si.xteen, working
for his boanl and tuition, lie graduated with
the degree of H. S. in 1882. Soon after, he was
employed in a drug store in Dallas, which posi-
tion he hold for two years, conijileting his course
in pharmacy. He then read medicine with Dr.
J. W. Bean, now of Ellingsworth, Washington,
and graduated from the Willamette University,
in I'ortlaiid, in 1887. having heUl the position
of house surgeon and physician at Good Samar-
itan Hospital for one year. A few months later
he came to Indcpondence and formed a partncr-
nership with Dr. T. ,1. Lee, which continued
about the years.

In March, 18110, he was married to Miss Ar-
duUa Nelson, a daughter of A. N'elson, an
honored Oregon ])ianoer. She was born in Polk
county, December, 5, 18t)8; was educated at the
best scliofds in the county, and graduated from
the Academy of Sucred Heart, at Salem, in
18S(). She afterward taught several terms in
the district and jiiiblic schools near her home.

Dr. and .Mrs. Hutler have one little son,
Alaiiricc ,J. Tlioy have completed and lately
oecoiipicd one of the most iustlietic cottages in
Independence. The Doctor is a Royal Arch
Mason, and in politics is a Democrat, having
served five years as secretary of tlie Hoard of
United States E.xaininiiig Surgeons for I'en-
Biona.

He and his wife are highly esfeonind in the
county in which they were born, raised. (mIii-
catetl, married and settled, and are excellent rep-
resentatives of the native sons and dangliters of
Oregon, a credit to their county and State, of
which they are justly proud, and which their
patents helped to found.

The Doctor is an enthusiast in his profession,
and as a young physician stands high in it,
which fact is shown by the large practice he en-
joys.

;DWAIiD l5lDDLK,proprietorand founder
of the Dallas Iron Works, Dallas, Oregon,
is a native of New York, born December
'J, 1847.

His father. Kdward liiildic, was born in Quo-
bee, (Jaiiada. He removed to New York when
a young man, and there married Miss Adelaide
Heebe, who was b(jrn in Montreal, and from
her third year reared in New York. They had
six children, five sons and a daughter, Kd-
ward being the oldest. Tiie father (lied in his
seventy-seventh year, and the mother is still
living, now at the advanced age of eighty-
five.

Mr. Hiddle was reared in his native State,
anil obtained only a limited education. At the
early age of nine years he began to '• rustle "' for
himself. He learned the engineer and machin-
ists' trade, and for several years was engaged
chiefly in railroad work in Kocliester, central
Illinois: Cincinnati, Ohio; Iliinnibal, Missouri;
and Louisville, Kentucky. Ho siibseiiuently
worked in Iowa and New (Jrleans, and after the
surrender of (Tcncral Lee was in Mobile, .\la-
bama. Kroiii the last named city he came to
San Francisco. For several years following he
was in the employ of tin- ('entral Pacific Kail-
road Coiii|)any, at Sacramento and Vallejo, and
from there was sent to take charge of the shop
at (Jarlin, Nevada. He was next engaged on
mining machinery at Virginia City, Nevada.
He took charge of the Sutter Tunnel Company's
Works, being chief engineer for six years. In
1880 he came to Oregon, and until 1888 did
railroad rejiair work. That year he came to
Dallas, ami started the first foundry in the
town, which, under his management, soon be-
came a good business, and grew into the Dallas
Iron Works. This establishment now furnishes

insroHY OF oiiFaoN.

OiA

i I

uiii|)l()}riu'iit to tell iiii'ii, ddiiij,' nil l<iii(ln irf iron
work, r('|)iiiriiif; hikJ tiiniiiiriicliiriii<^. I'lu'y
inniiiifactiiro \u>\\ pressen iiiul fiiniiici'>, ami do
tlic work- for fiftcnii siiwmilln. Mr. Kidiilo hwiim
tlif iron Works mid iilt*(» owns oiioIihII' the
water power. Ilo 1ms lniilt iif^nod residctici' in
I)iillaH, mid is tlmrollglil)' ideiititi(l<l with llie
interests of this eity.

i'olitically he \a a stanch KepiiMicmi; has
H((rved six years iih ScImikI Director in Dallas.
With the ^t^soni(• tVnteriiity he is |iroiiiinently
identified. He is I'list Master of the Idiie
lodge and Ilifih I'riest of the eliajiter. Ho is
nil intelligent man. thinks for himself, and has
the credit of having, liy his own eli'orts. inaile
himself what he ia. deserving the snccess he
has attained.

Mr. Middle was married in 187M, ni Misi.
.losepliiiie Davis, a native of Massaehusetts, and
a daughter of Luther 15. Davis.

fU.\.NK (;. I'KliUV. of Molalla. Claek-amaa
1^ coiintv. is raiikeil with tlie()regoii pioneers
)f llsiS. I''ollowini; is a lirief sketeli of
lifs life:

Frank 0. I'erry was horn in Iowa, Novemhor
*), 1844, and is descended from early settlers of
Vermont. Ilis father. Francis I'erry, was liorn
in Vermont in IMS, and his mother, Klizalieth
(Crandle) I'erry. was horn in I'literson. New
.lersey. in 1828, daiightei- of Thomas Ormidle.
Ill 1845, when their oldest child was one year
old, they crossed the |)laiiis to the far West,
landing in ( )regoii, after a journey of six moiitli8,
and without any serious misfortune. They lo-
cated in Vam Hill comity, near where La Fay-
ette is now located, and on the nortli fork of the
^'um Hill river Mr. Perry huilt a sawmill, and
was engaged in himhering until 1851. He
then sold out, moved to Columhia cotinty. took
a donation claim of 04(1 acres of land, anti there
built another sawmill, carrying on the lumher
Inisiiiess in connection with his farming Oj)era-
tions. lie was a man of more than ordinary
ability and took an active part in the affairs of
bis day. his life being cbaracterizecl l)y intelli-
gent industry and the strictest integrity. I'o-
litically, he was a Democrat. He was elected
Sheriff of the county by bis party and served
most acceptably aa the incumbent of that otKee.
He died of a tumor, December 18. 188(1 in tlie

sixty-eighlh year of his age. Twelve childieii
were added to their family in ( Iregon. Ilis
widow and her youngest son now reside on the
(lunation claim, near St. Helen. I'light of the
children are living and arc as follows: I.etitiii,
wife of Henry LaniberHon, ('olnmbia county;
licbecca, wife of Samuel Oalloway. Iiiion
county; Maria, wife of Kiioeli Sliutalfer, of
Washington; (Miarles, ( 'olnmbia county; Nellie,
wife of Charles (Irabani, I'ortlaiid; .Newton.
Columbia county; Minnie, wife of .lacob Itroiise;
mill (leorge, who lives witii his inolher,

l'"raiik C., as above stated, was the oldest of
the family, and was only a year ohl when he
came to this State, where he was reared and ed-
iK'ated. Ho learned the trade of cabinet-maker,
and was engaged in that business hu' eight years.
At the end of that time he turned his attention
to the lumber business, and was in |)arlnership
with his father until 1884. He then came to
('lackainas county, |Mircliased property, and en-
gaged ill the livery business. In 188(i he
bought lots in Molalla mid built an attractivtt
little cottage, one of the nicest in the place, and
in it he has since resided. He deals in horses
and other stock, and is ranked with the leading
business men of the town.

In .November, 18(i4, Mr. I'erry married Miss
Klleii .McNiilty, a natives of Missouri, born in
1845. They had four children; Lee, Dennis,
Afaggie and Kdward. lulward died in his
thirteenth year. Mr. I'erry was married a
second time, in 1882. to Miss .leniiie Hean. who
was born in I'aterson. .New .lersey. .lanuary 5.
ISCio. daughter of .1. T. I'eaii. a native of I'.ng-
land. They have one son, Hertie.

I'olitically, Mr. I'erry alHliates with the
Democratic party.

*4KV1 liOBIUXS, a highly respected farmer
jIW of Clackamas county, and aii < )regon pioneer
^ of 1852, dates his' birth in the State of
Indiana, February 28. 1835.

Mr. Uobbins is descended from Welsh ances-
tors, who emigrated to America and settled in
the colony of Virginia, where they were promi-
nent and iiillnential people, (iraiidfather Jacob
Uobbins <lied of measles, in the seventy-third
year of his age. Several of his brothers fought
in the Uevoliitionary war. His son, .lacob
Uobbins, father of our subject, was born in

''f

I'll

UlU

uiaroRY Of OHBoos.

Kiintiii'ky, ''iiiiu t. ISOO, imil in curly lift- ic
moved tii liidiiiiiii, wlieru lie iiiiirrird MiHsSiiriili
Spiliiiiin. Scviiii S(ni> and two diiii^;liti>rs were
l)iii'ii to tliL'iii ill liidiiiiiii. ami in iNo'i, witii
tlicir c'ldldi-eii. all ^illulu at tlmt time, tlic^v
(M'onped the |)laiii> to Oi'ef^oii. I,evi wim then
hiiveiiteoii yeiirK old. llo drove a team idl tlie
way through to HiirlowV Station, at wliitdi jilace
lie WU-- taken with iiKiiintain l'ti\er. When they
arrived at the iiioiitli of the Sanily. on the ( 'o-
liimhia river, where they laiuled, a niimher of
the family were ijiiite r.iek, it wart raiiiin;:; and
theii' .-nlleriii;^ was great. Here one of the sons,
Aaron, aged live years, died and was buried; at
I'arlow'rt Station another son, Theoilore, ai;ud
ei>;ht years, died. Many years iifturward, when
their home was |)erinaneiitl\ estalilishe(l in Ore-
croii, Mr. luihliiiirt returned to the mouth <ir the
Sandy, procureil the reniaino of his sMiis,and
hiiried them in the .\danis cemetery with the
rest of their deail.

Their tirst winter in ( h'eifon was a hard one
and long to be remembered. The snow fi'll dee|i
and stayed on loiii^, and they hiid no feeil for
their stock. They Imd brought with them
twenty-one yoke of oxen and five tine brood
man'". Half of the cattle and all the horses, but
one, died for want (d" feed. And, all in all, their
lirst I'xperieiice in < hcj^oii wiiH of a character to
disc'uvaji;e the stoutest heart; but they were
here, ai.I were ileterinined to stay and succeed
if it wen, possible. They settled three miles
east of die city of Salem, at which place an-
olini iuughter was born. In 181)0 they moved
\o .Molalla iirairie. In 18G7 the brave Christian
inotluM' die<l. She was a member of the .Meth-
odist Church, was in every way a most e.»tini-
able woman, ami her death <'ast {^reat sorrow
over this pioneer home. The father t-ubse-
(piently went to eastern Oreifon, and for a num-
ber of years was engan;ed in the stock business
there. lie has attained the ripe old ai^e of
ttighty-three years, has retireil from active busi-
nes^, and ihiw resides with his son Oliver, at his
old home on .Molalla prairie.

Levi Uobbins attended s(diool for a time after
eomino; to ()reij;on. In 1S57 he and his brother
llar\y purchiised 480 acres of land, o;oino; in
debt an<l working hard until they paid for it.
Ill 18(J0 they divided the land between them,
and, after comluetin<i farmintr ojierations alone
for two years, l,e\ i traded his property for -l-7o
acres on the I'pper Molalla in Clackamas eouii-
ty. (Jii this property he has since lived, devot-

ing liitt time and attention to its ciiltivation and
improvement, lie made additional purchases of
land until at one time he was the owner of 7u'i
acres. In 18!)0 he boii^rlit a lj(li,000 stock of
goods at Molalla, and, with his son, (I. \V., liu
has since been ei);{aged in merchandiHinn;, doin|j
a successful business. Politically, he atHliati<s
with the Oemocratic party.

.luiie 2y, 185U, Mr. Uobbins niarrii>d Miss
Kdill Harger, a native of Missouri, born No-
vember 4, 1842, daughter of (iiiilford I', and
Martha Harger. They have hid eight chih'.-eii,
as follows: (). W., who is married, a; o has
two children; l.ida Nettie, now .Mrs. W. i'.
K'ayler, living near her jiarents, and has ww
child; lph:i I'.; Sarah .Nlarthn; Mary Linnie,
who died in her sixteenth year; Delia (}.; Levi
\V.; and Kvermaii.

^^i^Ja^^^S^*^

IM.IAM SMITH, an honored pioneer
of 1847, was born in Ucdding, Eiig-
hiiid, ill 1820, and in 1880 emigrated
with his parents to .\nieriea, and settled in
Rochester, New York, remaining until 1831,
when they removed to (hiyahoga county, Ohio,
and later to La Porto. Indiana, rtlr. Smith being
engaged in the manufacture of shoes.

William was educated in the States of Ohio
and Indiana, and crossed the plains in 1847.
Kitting ii|)an ox team in partnership with Aaron
I'urley, their journey was safely and successfully
accomplished to the Dalles, where they left
their wagons and oxen and subseijuently lost
them, as the Indian war broke out just then.
Proceeding down the Columbia river they ar-
rived at the inoutli of the Willamette, October
23, 1847. William thou proceeded to La Fayette,
and hired out as a farm hand. In the fall of
1848, after the discovery of gold in California,
he at once set out for the mines, which ho
worked through the winter with fair success,
but he returned to Oregon in June, 184U, and
located a donation claim in Lane county near
the present site of Eugene City. There were
but three houses in the county, and those were
occupied by Eugene Skinner, Elijah Rristow
and VVilliam Dodsoii. Mr. Smith began fann-
ing, and he and Ililyard Shaw developed water
by canal from the Willamette rivei", and built a
siwindl near the present site of the flour-mill,
and thus began the iiiaiiufacturiiig interests of

IttsfOltV OF OUKOON.

Kit

Enoenu. Tluiy condtlfit^ thiM about oiio yuui-

uiKl Holil mil, liiit the iiilliiunct' (if tliiit mill wiih
H luiiding fiictor in tlic il('\elo|iiii('iit nf tiiotown.
Mr. Smith rutiiniud tii fiiriiiin^^ itini wm-kcil in
tint (iiiiry biiHiiii'hS witii the j^rowtluif tlic tiiwii.
Ill) cotitiliiiod tliin alimit twenty yciirn. lit' ro-
niitineil on liin fariii iiljoiit tliii'fy fdiiryi'iiiv, mid
tiion removed to town to ri-st fi'oiii lii« yeurs of
liil)or. lie lni8 tiinci' boIiI his fiinii to a reai-estHto
Byndirate, who ha\f located the liu»tlinj5 little
Hottlonient of Kairnioiint on it, within cany
aweH8 to the State I'liiverBity, and the larger
city of Ennone. in 18!tl Mr. Smith Imilt, his
present coinfortahle residence on I'^levontli stri'et
near A street.

Mr. Smith wuh iiiarrieii in 1851 to Misa N .
A. ijiekey. daughter of William Ltickey, a
iiioneer of 1850. They have had four childrtui:
linlda, now Mrs. E. J. McClanahain; (teorge,
Colonel Freinont, and William 11.

Mr. Sn;ith has followed an agrieultiiral life,
enjoying the respect of his fellow-citizens and
tile esteem of all wlio know him.

§0N. JOSIAll C. NELSON, who occupies
a position among the front ranks of the
surviving early pioneers of Oregon, crossed
the plains to the far West in 1844, and with-
out some mention of iir.a a history of Yam Hill
county would be incomplete.

Josiali C. Nelson was born in Jackson county,
Missouri, May 25, 1827. Ilis ancestors came
from England and settled in the South previous
to the Kevolution, and were nartieipaiits in the
struggle for independence. Mr. N«)lson's father,
George S. Nelson, bori. in Tennessee, July 2((.
1801; moved to Missouri in 1817. In 1825 he
married Miss Margaret Crawford, a native of
Tennessee, and of their Hve children liorn in Mis-
souri tlie subject of our sketch is the oldest son.
Three of this number are still living. They con-
tinued to reside in Missouri until 1844, when
the family made a safe j...:"i"ney across the plains.
This trip was keenly enjoyed by Josiali, who was
then about seventeen and was of an adventurous
and ambitious spirit. The high waters which
prevailed that season somewliat retarded their
progress, but they liad plenty of grass for their
stock and the delay cai'-'cJ no great trouble.
Tiieyarrived atLinnton,iiow Multnomah county,
November 26, 1844. One of the children died

of mounliilii fi'verat N'iiiii'dim'r. 'i"he\ caiiir to
the 'i'ualitin plains, near wlieic II lllsbni'ough
is now liicatcd. and et'tablii-hed tlieiiiselve> In a
little .'aliiii. This cabin had been built the year
bei'die by a man wlm had sowcdiilid harvesteila
little wheal and planted some polii.'nes. Oiitlie
whcatand jiutiitues, with (iccasioiuillv a deer, they
subsisted. Their only way of preparing' the
wheat for food was to rub it out with tlicir Imiids
and boil it. in this way six ol them iiiMnii<;i'd
to live through llie winter, in the spring tli.y
came to the Chehalem, valley and took a dima-
tion claim of 040 acr'js, located thi-ee miles
northwest of where Newiierg is now situated.
At that time there were eight families in the val-
ley, in six of which uere liidiiin or bill f breed
wives. The father resided on this chiiin until ISt'S,
when he went to i.a I'ayette, and there spent
tiie closing years of his life, ills deulli occur
red DecemberiJII, 1884, in his eighty-third year.
His wife survived him two years, liir death occur-
ring April 15, 1880. They were generous and
kind-hearted jieople. distinguished for their hos-
pitality, both friend and stranger always receiv-
ing- ^ welcome at their door. ( )f their children
we record that ('.(i. Nelson, reside" on a fiiriii
in (irant county; T. i>. lives in \.:\ layette; one
daughter married Clark Rogers, had a family,
and died in I'ortland, in 1875.

Jositth C. remained with his father until iv:. !.
He was then married to M' V \

biography of her father, iji Lum. ,. > ,i- i- .if
1847, will be found here in thi ^olin ■

After their marriagi; i \ moved 'u U:e dm'',, Imi
claim, where Mr. ^ )ii hits ,-iiire i -ii -d.
They had two children iiiiiiiily: \;iiii'y
born April 2, 1852, becai.
Heic
Wil

has a position in the cusiomnmise at I'urlli
.Vfter six year.- of hiipjiy weilded life, Mrs. Nel-
son was culled to her last h<iiiie in July 7. 1850
l'"oiir years later, Nmember 25, ISOO, Mr. Nel-
son married Miss Sarah Cuii;miiigs, wlm has
since been a faithful helpmat" in all his under-
takings. They have had tivi children. Cora
Alice died when only three years of age. The
others are as follows: Cornelia May, wile of A.
I'. Fletcher, a farmer near l.ii layette; .Maiy K.,
wife of Thomas Bryant, resides near her
father; Maggie I,., married i)r. lloiuei' J . Lit-
tletield, a |ihysician of Newberg; and the only
son, Walter Hugh, lives with his parents.

At one time, for the period of live years, Mr,

lis
" 1852, becai. '■ -:'•.!•■.. C.
now a resident ol i orlland; and
iam AV., born October 17, 1854, at present
a position in the cusiomnmise at I'urllaiid.

A|)ril
her, and is

iiTSTony riF oRKnoH.

Nclsdii was eniraircil with lii> In-otln'riii-law, \\.
V. Hinl, ill till! fri'iiciiii ijifreliaiidisc liii.siiiess at
I.a I'ayi'tti'. The clioisc farm on wliicli lie lives
i'( III! prises 370 acres. His children liavf his
wife s ilonation claim. The coiiifortable frame
resilience, in which he resides, he hiiilt in 1862.
lie devotes his attention to general farm iiiir and
stock-raisino, l<ee|iiiiij ffraded cattle and horses.

Mr. Nelson has all his life heeii a Democrat.
He has enjoyed the cmiiiilence and esteem of his
fellow citizens and has thrice had the honor of
lieinjf elected to the Oreiron State Legislature.
lie was first elected in 1858, thus lieinfr a irieni-
her of the first l.eirislature of the State, .\gain
in 1882 and in 1884 he was elected to the same
position. Dnrinir his terms of service he did all
in his |M)Wer tor the interests of his constitueii-S
and the Static of ( )re^'on at laiire. lie helped to
ori_riuii>;e the (iraiiire and was for several years
its Treasurer.

Diiriiijf the (mrly miniiigdays on this coast, lie
wasiiiiioiig the first to seek the gold fields of Cali-
fornia, lieiiig one of the Forty-niners. lie net
with fair success for the tii'.'e he worked, mit
|iios|iected consideralily. .\t one place he took
out Sot) worth of gold in one hour, from the
ercv ices of a rock on the Sacramento river near
Jkcdding. When he returneil to Oregon lie
hroiight with him ahont $1,()0(). Mr. Nelson is
an excellent representative of the big-hearted
\vliole-8(iiilcd, generous pioneer of Oregon, with
whom it is an honor and a pleasure to he ac-
(luainted.

#H-^«-^^—

tKNkV l)l'nolS, (Hie of the representa-
tative farmers of Clackamas county, re-
siiling at Springwater. was horn in Xew
Jersey, Mnveiiilier ^o, ISiil. His ancestors
Were Krciich Iliiiiuenots. who eiiiisrr!iti'<l to
Swit/.crliinil, and thence to America, settling in
('onuccticiit. (ircat-gran<iriither Kdwiird I)ulioi>
came with the I'rench tleet to this conntry, and
seived on the side of the colonies in the iJevo-
hitiiiiiary war. His son, James Dubois, was
born in Connecticut, niid James Dubois' sou
Kdwai<l was hern in lihode Island. The latter
was a sea captain, iiiid nearly all the family were
seafaring men. liduiird Dubois married Miss
Annie Kice, a native of lllnule Island, and of
Scotch ancestry, and of their seven children,
Henry, the subject of our sketch, is the oldest.

Mr. Dubois was reared in his iiative State.
When a cliild he made sea voyages with his
father. They came around Cape Horn, and
sailed both on tiie Pacific and Indian oceans.
Hi 18o3 he again came to the Pacific coast, this
time on the JJenjamin Rush, a Providence shiji,
at that time tifty-tliree years old. He stopped
at the Sandwich islands, and was there two
years. In 1855 he landed at San Francisco,
thence went to Crescent City, and from there
came to south Oregon in l><5(i.

It was just at the close of the Indian war
that he came to this State, and upon his arrival
at the mines he traded a mule for a miner's
claim. He and two others mined at Silver
I>"gging8, where in five days they took out
8100(1. .\fter that the claim did not jiay so
well, and he sold out for $150 in cash and $N00
in (ioveinitient scrip. They then went up the
river and took a new claim, whi'li, however,
proved a failure, and he sold nis scrip for
twenty-live cents on the dollar. Next, Mr.
Dubois took a contract to build the first school-
house in the county, in Illinois valley, the di-
mensions of which were 18 .\ 25 feet, and the con-
tract price 8000. .\fter that he went to where
Kirbyville is now located, and built the first
house there. Seven mouths later he went to
.larvis, and engaged in the carriage business.
In 185s he opened a carriage and wagon shop
ill (Jregon City, where he continued in business
until 18ti4. While there he received !{!5(!0 for
building a heavy freight wagon, and he co .id
have taken for payment two lots on First street
in Portland, but tlecliued them in favor of the
money. From Oregon t!ity he came to hie
jiiesent location at Springwater. Here he M.'r-
cliased 160 acres of land, the chief iinjirove-
ment on which was a log house. To this pur-
chase he added other lands until ho became the
owner of iOO acres, which he ileveloped into
one of the tiiiest farms in Clackamas county,
building a line residence and making other sub-
stantial improvements. He has since divided
his land with some of his children, and still
retains 160 acres for hiniself

Mr. Dubois was married August 30, ISfiO. to
Miss Malinda Mattoii, who was born in Indi
ana. .\ugust 30, ls:{9, daughter of Able Mr.t-
toii. Her father came with his family to Ore-
gon in 1817, took a donation claim in Clacka-
mas county, "nd resided on it for a number of
years. He .inally retired from it to Oregon
Citj in 1888, where, four years later, he died.

ntHTonr of oumoiV.

010

leaving a widow, wlio is now seventy- Hvo years
of ai>y. lie was one of the liiglily esteemed
men of this eonnty, took an active interest in
pnl)!ic affairs, and atone time served as ('oiinty
Coininissioner. lie and his wife had a family
of twelve ehildren. of whom nine are : till liv-
ing. Mr. and Airs. Ulihois have eight (diildreii,
■namely: .lames M.. William IJ., Charles K.,
John P.. Rosa Mahle, Annie M., Homer li.,
and (ieorge K.

In politics, Mr. Dnhois is a liepnblican. He
is well posted on the general topics of the day,
and is ranked with the most enterprising and
intelligent farmers of the county. Mrs. Du-
bois is a member of the Methodist Kpisco[)al
Church.

fAMES WILSON COOlv, one of the most
successful farmers of Yam Hill county, and
an esteemed Oregon j)ioneer of 1852, was
born in New York iState, January 30. 1827.
His father, Shirlock Cook, was a native of
Maine, where he was born Novendier 1"), 1789.
He was of English ancestry. He mar]'ie(l Ma-
riam Thurston, a native of Washington county,
New York, who was born in ITlitl. She was a
daughter of .lames Thurs' on, of New York, and
was of (ierman and English ancestry. They had
ten children, all but one of whom attained ma-
turity, and eight of whom are still living.

In 1832 they rtMiioved to Michigan, then a
Territorv, and a wild, unsettled country, where
the father afterward died, lamented by all who
knew him.

The subject of our sketch then cared for the
family. ]iaid the delits on the farm, and in 1852,
crossed the plains to Oregon, and in 1S()1 sent
for his mother, who came and resided with him
live years, and afterward lived with her young-
est daughter until her death, on August 18,
1874. ageil .sevi'iity-eight years. She had been
a faithinl wife and ilevoted mother, and had
lived a life of conscientious duty and self-renun-
ciation, and was honored and esteemed by all
who knew her.

Mr. Cook left I'rauch county, Michigan.
where lie had been reared, March 28, 1852. in
company with a train of sixty wagons, the lady
whom he afterward married being in the same
train. The coiii])any made a successful journey,
unniarred by any trouble with Imliaiis or ravages

of any epidemic, and spent the winter in Ore-
gon. This was a very severe season, and the
worn-out cattle were unable to endure the ex-
posure, and coiiseciuenlly all died.

Our suliject commenced life in Yam Hill
county in an humble way. working liy the day
ill La Fayette. The following sumnier he drove
a stage lietween La Fayette and i'ortland, <'ar-
rying the Tnited States mail. As niiglit nat-
urally bi' expected, the roads were in a most
wretciied condition, and entirely unfit for wagons
or any kind of vehicles to tra\i'rse. and he had
many nari'ow escapes from accident and death.
After a year at stage dri\ ing ho went to Wash-
ington, where lie worked fur a man near Olyin-
])ia, with whom he had crossed the plains.

He returned from there in the fall, and oil
November 1. 1851. niarrieii Miss Sarah M. Olds,
an estimable lady and a native of Hranch coiinty,
Michigan, where he hail been reared. She was
a daughter of the Honorable Martin Olds, a na-
tive of New York State, and a proniineni pio-
neer of Michigan as well as of Oregon. Miss
Olds' moti;ev was a Miss Temperance I'arker. a
native of Cayuga county. New York, where she
was born in 1804. Miss Parker's father was
the Uev. Green I'arker, a well-known l!apti>l
minister, and a descendant of the celebrated
divine. Theodore I'arker, of Boston, who stood
at the head of modern rnitarianisin.

The ancestor of the Olds' family, which is a
large and noted one in America, was a rich
English merchant, who sailed for America with
a valuable <'argo of merchandise. His ship and
goods were ca|itureil. and he was killed by (Cap-
tain Ividd. Two of his sons afterward came to
this country, and from them come the minierous
and prominent family.

Honorable Martin ( Hds wa> a member nf
the Territorial Legislature of Michigan, and
aideil in forming the State Constitution, being
for many years a proniinent and able nfHcial of
that commonwealth. In 18.") I he crossed the
ph'iins and settleil in Oreoon, where he aideil in
the pulilic affairs of the Territory, and bad the
honor of aiding in forming the State ("onstitii-
tion.

He and his wife had seven children, five of
whom are still living, three sons and two daugh-
ters, and all are tilling prominent positions in
life.

He died in Oregon in 1872, greatly lamented
by the State and his family ami friends. Of
rare intellectual powers, j^iiided by the best

i>,i'

1)20

UIHTUHY OF OitKGh]^.

jii(l<f|iu'iit, iiiid all ^dvi'I'ikmI liy motives oC tlic
moi4t exulted virtun find mornlity, bo accotn-
plislied a {^reat work for good, wliei ever lie went,
and like the Hiin pcrnieivted all life and coiidi-
tions with the etl'ulgence of ids truth.

Ilia faithful wife survived him twelve vear«,
oxjiiring in the midst of her faniilv find friends at
the home of her daughte'. , Mrs. J. W.-Cook, on
October 21, 1884, 8ge(' seventy-nine years and
twenty-one days. She had always lived a lii.!
of the rarest Christian virtues, to which 8:ic
added the charm of a loving heart, all of whici.
endeared her to high and low alike.

In 1857 the subject of our sketch purchased
his first eighty acres of land in township 5,
range 5, Yam Hill county, on which he con-
tinued to reside nnd prosper, making from time
freipient additio!is to his original purchase, until
he liecanie the owner of one of the choicest
farms in Oregon. On this property he built in
1800 a large and handsome residence and large
barns for Jiis grain and stock, besides numerous
other modern improvements for the facilitation
of agricultural pursuits.

Ill this beautiful home, re|)lete with all the
eoinroits of life, a family reunion was held on
March 22, 1884, on the occasion of a visit of
Mr. Martin Olds, a brother of Mrs. Cook's, who
was soon to return to his home in Michigan.
This was one of the largest family gatherings
evi r held in the State, being attended by friends
and ac([uaintances from a great distance, and,
aside from the iinmiiuiit parting with a brother,
was a most enjoyaljle affair. On this occasion
one of the brotheru, Mr. fl. II. ( Hds, delivered a
very interesting history of their numeous and
distinguished family.

In 1S88 Mr. ami Mrs. Cook retired from their
farm, purchasing a fine residence in McMinn-
ville, near the I'aptist College, in order that
their children might have the adviititage of a
superior educrition, iiid they have since contin-
ued to reside their.

They iiave had five chiidien, all of whom
were l>orn in Yam Hill county, and all reflect
credit ori the county and State of their nativity.
Meldora U.. the ehli'st, is now the wife of A. E.
I'lirker, and resides in Salem; Wilbur M. owns
a farm adjoiuini; his father's: A, Ut:in is now
on the home farm; !,ymr, i \.. is p.tteidi;:g col-
lege; and I'.essie is at ho. ., with \vr ,:■-: its.

Mr. Cook WHS one of the organ i.,or» of the
(irange, of which he was for i'.vo yoars the Mas-
ter, and has also been a member of the State

(irange. In jiolitics he has been a Ilepubiicaii
since the organization of the party, and was a
strong supporter of the Government during the
late war.

He and his faithful wife are worthy members
of the Baptist Church, of which he is one of tlie
trustees. He aided in the building of the Bap-
tis College, by paying $500 for a scholarship,
nd !." hauled the rock for tlie foundation of
'.'• c'^ilege.

in forty years he has risen to wealth and
h'rl ,ntB from his former poor estate, all of
w!.lch has been acconi])li8lied by his unaided
efforts, supplemented by the wonderful resources
of the irreat commonwealth of Oregon.

IIOMAS N. GRAVES, a worthy Oregon
pioneer of 1847, and a prominent Yam
Hill county farmer, was liorn in AVarren
county, Missouri, December 4,1831. Ilisan-
cestoi's came from Scotland to America long
previous to the Revolutionary war, and his
grandfathe]' (craves took part in that struggle.
His father. Jam.?b B. Graves, was born in Vir-
ginia in 1797 ';nd his mother, nee Diana New-
ton, was a -'.ilve of Kentucky. Soon after
their mar'-v. ge tl.i' iioved to .Nlissouri. They
. T".!rs of nine children. The
t _hler cro.:.sed the plains to
ui.l in 1847 the father and
Iii!'' -fn follow(id tiiem, land-
■ I'lfy after a journey of si.x
months. They stopjied two months at the
present site of McMiniivillc, and in the mean-
time looked for a donation claim. Selecting a
desirable location a mile west of where Sheri-
dan has since sprung up, they moved to it, and
this land ha.s ever since been in the family. At
that time there was no place in the whole Terri-
tory of ' 'regoii worthy of the name of village.
Eveii >■ ypr. City, Milwaukee and Portland
liad ,.,.'- '■ itnn to be. the first named having a
little tile ■■i'< t start and being the principal
distributii.jj point jor the Oregon emigrants.
Father (iraves built a log cabin on his claim —
a s(|mire mile of as beantifiil and fertile land as
ever was settled upon in any country. The
mother died in March, 1848, and the father
ufttTward married again. In 1802 he piirciiased
a home in Salem, and lived there until 1807,
when his wife died. During the remaining

liecamc He
oldest sou nil ! '''
Oregon in I'-t-'
mother an'' ;! . ^
iiif ie Yam Hill

nisToiir OF ouEGOx.

031

ycHi's of bis lifn he tniule liis homo with his
children. lie paased uway in 1882, aged eijjhty-
fivf j'l'ars. IIi< was in every respect an iionor-
able and npriifjit man, and liis many estimable
traits of character won for him friends wherever
he went. While in Missouri lie was a niemlier
of the .State Militia. In 1849 lie was elected to
the Territorial Legislature of Oregon, in which
honorahle hody he served with marked aliility.

Thomas N. Graves was the tifth child of this
honored pioneer, and was si. \ teen years of age
when he arrived in Oregon. He remained (m
liisi father's (h)iiatioii claim two years, lie then
selected a claim of his own and lived on it a
part of the time for two years. In 1852, when
in his twenty-first year, he married Miss Ma-
rinda M. Bewley, a native of Tennessee, born
in 1833. Her father, John Hewley, and his
family came to Oregon in 1847. After his
marriage Mr. (J raves at once settled on his
farm. By honest industry a\u\ good manage-
ment he was prospered in his undertakings, and
as the years rolled by was enabled to purcliase
other lands. lie now owns a good liome and
450 acres of choice farming land.

Mr. and Mrs. Graves have eleven children
and eight grandchildren. The names of the
former are as follows: Henry 11., a iiardware
merchant and the Postmaster of Sheridan ; Eu-
gene M., a student in the Michigan State Uni-
versity; Charles N., in central Washington;
Walter F. and Edwanl B., Tillamook county,
Oregon; Laura C, wife of Charles Whitmar,
resides in East Portland; Nellie D., wife of
Eugene C. Chapman, lives in Michigan; and
Lewis J.. Mary C, Wilbert T. and Bertha II.,
all at home with their parents.

Politically, Mr. Graves is a Republican. In
1874 he was elected County Commissioner, and
served one term of two years, lie is a man of
the strictest integrity, has a large circle of
friends, and enjoys the respect and esteem of all
who know him. Mrs. Graves is a member of
the First C'ongregational Church at Sheridan.

I.VPTAIN FUANCIS II. WEST, of Port-
land, Oregon, was born at Frcderickslmrg,
Virginia, June 10, 1832. The first of the
fiiniily in America was William West, who be-
ciune a (Jolonel and Quartermaster in the Kevo-
liitioiiary army. Ills son, Francis West, was

also a warm patriot, and contributed $25,000 to
the cause of lil>orty. He married Mary Nixon,
and their soti was Lieutenant John West, of the
['nited States Navy, and grandfather of the
subject of this sketch, thus making him the
great-grandson of Colonel John .Nixon, of Phila-
delphia, that ardent, active and most etlicient
friend of America in the '-".evolutiiinary strug-
gle. He was with his regi neni at the battle of
Long Island, ami wintered at Valley Forge.
He also had the honor of being the first reader
of the Declaration of Independence, on the
12th of Julyrl776, to the people assembled in
Independence square. This he did I'rom the
central window of the State house, fronting the
square. The old Liberty bell (on which had
been inscribed 123 years before, these propluitic
words: " I'roclaim liberty throughout all the
land and unto the inhabitants thereof") was
tolled while he read. The country scat of
Colonel Nixon was burned by the Britisii. lie
served as the first of the two directors of the
Bank of Pennsylvania, (>stablished in 1780 for
supplying t!ie army, and gave as a personal gift
£5,000 for that purpose. He was president of
the Bank of North America, founded in the olil
Bank of Pciinsylvania, until the time of his
death.

Lieutenant John West married Mary C. E.
Holt, of Norfolk, Virginia, and they had three
children: Francis II.; Elizabeth Page, deceased
wife of Hon. Bobert M. Thom|)8on, of Califor-
nia; and Mary, wife of Frank P. Thompson, of
the same State.

Captain West was edncate(l at the Fairfax
Institute an<l Norfolk Military Academy. At
the age of sixteen he was appointed .\id on the
United States (-oast Survey, and on the lOtb of
January, 18(9, sailed from New York in the
United States schooner Ewing, for the Pitcitio
coast, arriving at San Francisco on the ;)lst of
July of the same year. Two vears later, u|)on
the outbreak of the Rogue River Indians in
southern Oregon, Captain We,-r voliintcereil hij
services, ami sjieiit the summer and fall of 18r)l
in the hostile country. In the following year
he visited the East Indies and the AtlaMti(^
States, returning to California in 185:i, liy way
of Panama. For a time he was in command of
the United States Coast Survey steamer Aclivit,
and also served in the Northwestern Boundary
Commission. In 1859 he tirok command of the
United States Lighthouse lender Shubriek, liciiig
well suited to that responsible position, from

032

IITSTORY OF OIlEdON.

liis fiitiiiliiii'ity with tlic wliolc I'ucific i;oast.
wliicli liib experience in previous surveys liiul
given liini.

In 1807 Captiiin AVest became a |ierinaneiit
resilient of I'ortland. Oregon, liaviii<; received
from Colonel I!. S. WilliainKon, United States
Knirineer. the appointment of superintendent of
the Willamette river improvement. He served
with f^reat satisfaction in this jiosition until the
sprinj; of 1873, wlien iu- resioticd to ac(!e])t the
position of 6U|ierintendent of the locks at Ore-
jroii City. In 1883, liy ri'ason of the continued
ill health of iiis family, he removeil to Portland,
where he has since continuously resided. In
1808 he was united in marriage to Miss ilary
Sophia S^'one, daughter of Louis E. Stone, of
.Iftiiefiville, Wisconsin. Two son.s were horn to
them: Wharton L. and ^^•ancis J. The Cap-
tain is a Democrat in sympathy, ' ut indepen-
dent in political matters. He is a inemlier of
the Society of (California I'ioneers, the Oreijon
Pioneer Association, the Indian War Veterans,
and has heen for many years a faithful and
honored memlier of tlie Vestry of St. David's
Kpiscopal Church.

lie is a typical Virginia gentleman, alfahle,
courteous, sympathetic and lienevolent. He is
named only to he praised hy a large and devoted
circle of friemls. Mis lieautifnl home on tlie
Kast Side, presided over hy a wife as lovely and
genial as himself, is noted for a hospitality as
truly delifihtful as it is rare.

fOLONEL THOMAS U. CORNELIUS, a
prominent Oregon jiioneer of 184"), was
liorn in Howard county. Missouri, on the
15th of November, 1827. His father, Henjamin
Cornelius, was horn in Kentucky, his father
was one of the pioneers of that State, havinj^
moved from South (Carolina. The family had
its origin in Scotland, and came to this country
early in its history. The (Colonel's father mar-
ried, in 1S21. Miss Elizabeth Adams, of Ken-
tncky, and the dauj^hter of Thomas Adams, of
the same State and of Irish ancestry. They
had ten cliildren. The ddonel was the eldest
of the family. His father emigrated to Mis-
souri and was a farmer there, and he crossed
the plains to Oregon in 1815. He located with
his family on (i-K) acres of land four miles north
pf Cornelius, Here he built his log cabin and

resided until his death, honored and respected.
He died in 1804. His wife surviveil him thir-
teen years.

The Colonel was in his eighteenth year when
he arrived in the wihls of Oi'egon Territory.
He was a large, good-looking, intelligent young
man, full of life and activity. He resided with
his father until he became of age, and then took
up a donation claim adjoining ., is father. Ho
.settled OTi this an<l improved it, and he still
owns that first farm. As soon as the news of
the massacre of Dr. Whitman and others reached
Mr. Cornelius, he enlisted as a private in a
company then organized and furnished his own
horse and e(]uipments. He fought five battles
with the Indians, who were well armed and
numerous, and he was promoted to First Ser-
geant. At last the Indians were compelled to
come to terms. Soon after his return the gold
discoveries in California took him overland to
that State. He went in 1848 and mined on the
American fork, the Mokelumne and on the Stan-
islaus, and met with fair success, one time tak-
ing out §300 in a single day. In the fall of
1849 he returned to his home and i-emained
with his father during the winter, and in Feb-
ruary, 1850, married Florentine Wilks, of In-
diana, the daughter of Peyton Wilks. They
had crossed the plains in the same train, and
her father also settled in Washington county.
Soon after their marriage they began house-
keeping on the claim, anil ho ct)ntinued to reside
thi're until 1871. In 1855, when the second
Indian war broke out, Mr. Cornelius was again
on hand ami enlisted in Company D of Wash-
ington County \'olunteers. He was elected
Ca|)tain of his company. They crossed the
Cascade moimtains and joined the others at the
Dalles. The regiment was under the command
of Colonel Nesmith. He' was engaged again
against the Indians, and Cajjtain Cornelius
showed his courage and pluck in many ways.
He made a fine record for himself. At one
time he and Phil Shensher were f(;nt on an ex-
pedition together and they succeeded in rout-
ing the India!>8 every time. At another time
he ran his men all .light until three in the
morning to relieve Colonel l\elly, who was sur-
rounded by the Indians, and they were com-
jielled to withdraw. ,\s Colonel Nesmith re-
signed and the (iovei'uor ordered an election,
one was lielil at which ("Captain CJornelins was
elected Colonel. Lieutenant-(Jolonel Kelly had
been elected to the Territorial (.'ouneil, and as

OF OllKGON.

'.13:1

suoii !i8 Mr. Cornulius liad l)ceii electiMl lie left
to fill his seat in that body at Salem. Major
Gliiii, who was the senior officer of tlic i-i'i;i-
inent that Colonel K'clly iiad uonimanded, woiilil
not admit that Colonel Cornelius had any right
to take coiiunand until he had received hisconi-
niission from the Governor, altlionn;h he had
his certificate of election. Colonel Corncliu.s
did not fake any action, Init continued in com-
mand of his company, and the regiment did
not nio\e until Fehruary, when the commission
arrived with orders to prepare for a campaign
in the Snake river and Pehisa country. They
took uji their line of march on the 1st of March.
From spies ho sent forward he found that the
Indians were on the opposite side of Snake
river. They made six boats to carry ten men
each and carried them to the river on wagons.
When they ai'rived at the river the Indians
came out m strong force, but when they saw
the men crossing in the boats they left, and by
the time the river was crossed the Indians were
out of sight. They kept up a I'unning fight
for twelve miles, when the Indians stood and
fought. A few pack horses were the only cap-
tures of any consecjuence. Colonel Cornelius
retired to the Smike river and there took up the
line of march for the I'elusa valley. They
were out of sujjplies and were ex|)ecting a snp-
]dy trai!i daily, but it did not arrive, so he sent
an expedition to find out when they woidd have
the needed supjilies. The melting snow had
unide the river very high and the Colonel went
down to the river to see that they got across all
right. They gathered cedar rails that had
drifted down the river and tied them together
with ropes, and so were al)le to cross in safety.
On the other side they discovered a drove of
forty Indian horses, and they drove them across
the river. The Colonel with a heliier ilrove
them to ciimp and they were killed, and on
them the soldiers subsisted until the supplies
arrived. There was an attempt to get the men
dissatisfied with their commanding officer by
the Democrats, as it was the policy agreed upon
by that party in the Legislature to have only
those in command who were Democrats. A
pl'i'- was made to break the command and for a
number of the new recruits to return to tlie
Dalles. When Colonel Cornelins became aware
of it he |)araded the regiment and made a
speeeli to them. He was followed by ^lajor
Curl, who headeil ttk '-i-^urgentN, Colonel Kelly
im<l Major IS, A, Cornoyerof the first Imttaiion,

who wore friends a id 8uj)porf(>rs of (Colonel
Cornelius. They thi'U called ujion (ieorge K.
Shilds, a lawyer and a recruit, ami to their sur-
prise he denounced the coiirx' that had hecii
taken, .\fter tlii- the regiment was di>miss('il.
Major Cui'l soon i'cinnd that Ik^ had 110 backini^,
and a campaign was a^reeil upon that resulted
ill the success of the volunteers au<l the defeat
of the Indians and the war was ended. Space
does not permit of a lengthened account of the
two wars, but all that can be adiled is that
Colonel Cornelius distinguished himself in both
wars, and won a record that he may well feel
proud of.

After retiring from the war in lS.")(i, Colonel
Cornelins was elected to the Territorial Legis-
lature, and was elected each succeecling year
until he had served twenty years in the Senate,
and was twice elected I'reiideut of that body;
was thus connected with the enactnient of tlio
legislation of that important period in the his-
tory of the young >tate and dnriiig the trying
time of the civil war, and such were his opin-
ions that he is recorded as haviiitt taken the
right side on all the great (questions that came
up at that time. It is glory enough for one
lire time to be aliie t:> point to the great com-
monwealth of Oregon and be alile to say, "150-
hold the noble work In which 1 ha\e had the
honor and privilege to partici])ate." In 18111
ho received the apjwintmeiit from I'resident
hincoln to raise a regiment of Oregon volun-
teer caxalry in Oregon for service in behalf of
the country, with orders to report to the adjn-
tsnt-general at Washingtfin. This he accom-
plished and expected to join General Haker at
the front, but he was killed at Hull's I'lnfl', and
as all the regidar army was taken from Oregon,
Colonel Cornelius with his men was assjirued to
service on the coast, looking after the Indians
and otluT enemies <if the country. While sta-
tioned at Walla Walla, in the latter jiart of the
year IsOS, he resigned, and returning home,
turned his attention to farming, lie has been
very successful in this, ami has added to his
farm until he now has 1. ;{()() acres of land. In
1871 ho built his grain warehoiist , and the fol-
lowing year the railroad wa-- completed and the
coinpuny named the station ( 'oiMiclius. Ilen^
he has been engaged in merchandisinj^ and in
the purchasing and shipping of proiluce. He
has built a ci-eamery and makes butter and
cheese, keeping 15(1 cows for that purpose. lie
also buys some milk. Another enterprise that

Ill i

ill

R'l'

034

IIISTOUY OF OREQON.

lie cMf^iiiiCiI in was tlic biiililiiifj of n sawmill,
with a ('a|KUMty III' iio^OOd feet of liiiiilier. He
is a nu'iiilicrand Trustee of tiu» Methodist Cluireh,
mid lias iieeii a stanch Uepiihlicaii ever siiiee the
organization of the party, lie had six children
liy his first wife. One died when 6eveii years
old, and the others are: I'enjaiiiin 1'.; Elizaheth,
now Mrs. George II. Shaw; Thomas Scott;
Olive inarricd Mr. Alexander Coiicher; and
Floreiitiiie is the wife of Mrs. ('. C. Ilandcock.
He has twenty frrandeliildren and his daughter
Olive haB triplets.

Mrs. Cornelius died in 18(i4, and two years
later lie married Miss Missouri Smith, of Illi-
nois, and the daughter of IJeverend Wiiriam E.
Smith, a Methodist minister. Mrs. Cornelius
has lieen a faithful helpmate, takinjf a dei^p
interest in her hnshand's afiairs. She, too, is a
meniher uf the Methodist Church.

^-^^i^

IK. MAS V. OSiUJKX. Well known and
lighly respected amonir the husinesB men
of Portland, was born in St. Louis, Mis-
souri, .Vugust ".28, 1848. Losing his father in in-
fancy, he was reared upon the farm of his uncle,
David Miller, near Westtield, New Jersey, and
his education was obtained at the little country
Bchoolhouse. Through the death of his uncle,
and the breakinir up of the family, in 18G4,
vounir Osborn struck out for himself by joining
a company of young peojile bound for California.
Tliev left St. l-ouis on the Tnion Pacific, and
went to its terminus in Nebraska, then took
horses to the terminus of the Central Pacific
and thence by rail to Sacramento, where the
subject of this notice secured employment in the
railroad car shops, lie coi-.tinned there until
18t)8 when, unable to stay tlu'i-e any longer on
account of illness, he went to San Francisco for
a change of climate, lint by the first overland
train across the continent he returned to his
fainilv in New Jersey. He then went to Vir-
irinia aiiii with an uncle erected a flour mill at
Amherst tJourthouse, which, during their occu-
pancy, was destroyed by fire, and he suffered
gcvew loss.

He was married in Brooklyn, New York,
March 28, 1872, to .AHss Ella' F. Ileylierger.
They then settled at Toledo. Ohio. I'eing a
natural mechanic Mr. ( )sl)orn took up the carpen-
ter trade, and soon after began contractii ^ and

building very successfully and profitably until
1874, when, through thc^ failure of a party for
whom Mr. Osburn was building, the latter lost
all that he had saved. Notwithstanding this, ho
continued business until 1877, when he started
with his wife and two children for California,
arriving there, in San Francisco, with earnest
resolutions, but only SIO in cash. However, he
soon found employment, and at S3 a day. This,
after the 80 cents a day he had received at
Toledo, seemed to him like riches. He contin-
ued his trade for two years, and in 1879 set the
machinery in the factory of Neville & Co^ man-
ufacturers of bags and tents, and then began
work for them in running a press for the print-
ing of paper and nloth bags. In 1880 he began
traveling for them through the Coast States as
salesman, and in the year 1883 he settled in Port-
land to look after the firm interests as connected
witb the hoL'se of W. C. Noon & Co., which was
the largest establish'-aent in that line north of
San Francisco. Remaining with the firm until
September, 1891, Mr. Osborn then withdrew to
engage in the sale of building materials. He is
now the sole agent of the Hopkins & Dickinson
Manufacturing Company, of New York, manu-
facturers of trimming hardware, and also repre-
sents other leading manufacturers of pressed
brick, roofing, elevators, tiles, sheathing, heating
and other specialties, carrying a large stock in his
warehouse.

He was elected Secretary of the Hoard of Trade
of Portland in 1889. With great enthusiasm he
began to increase the membership, and then ad-
vocated incorporating it under the name of
Chamber of Commerce, which was done in 1890,
and he was elected the first president. Through
his personal efforts and influence a convention
was held in September, 1890, composed of dele-
gates from the several Hoards of Trades through-
out the State, and a State Board of Commerce
was organized, who elected Mr. Osborn as their
first President. At the annual meeting in 1891
he was unanimously re-elected, and at the annual
meeting of the Chamber of Commerce he was
re-elected, and again re-elected at the annual
meeting in J "iie, 1892. Mr. Osborn was instru-
mental in the erection of the Chamber of Com-
merce building, and tj him was the honor ac-
corded of laying the corner stone January 1,
1892. For tour years he was one of the Com-
missioners of the Oregon State Board of Immi-
gration: he is a director of the Northwest Loan
and Trust Company, incorporator and vice-

HISTOltY OF ORKaoy.

»3S

presidimt of tlio lliiited Bank Huilding Com-
pany and incorporator and director uf tlie Com-
monwealth Banking and Investmunt Company.
Mr. and Mrs. Osborn liave five diildren, viz:
William IT., Fanny L., Ella F., Thomas F., Jr.
and Neville. Mr. Osborn is no political ottice-
Beeker, and is only active so far as pertains to
city and State development, lie was chairman
of the citizens' movement which was snccess-
fully conrtnininated in June, 1891. Ho was also
active in the movement which consolidated tlie
city of Portland, and in gcttinjT the bill passed
by the Legislature creating the Port of Portland,
thus enabling the citizens to develop a channel
twenty-five feet deep from Portland to tlie sea.
Mr. Osborn is deeply interested in the commer-
cial interests of Oregon, and with his enthusiasm
and executive ability is an able advocate of every
measure toward city or State development.

IRANVILLE C. lilDFli, an eminent citi-
zen and pioneer of Forest (irove, Oregon,
is a native of Tennessee, where he was
born January 18, 1835. His father, John Rider,
was born in Georgia, and died when his son,
(xranville, was only one year of age.

The subject of o\ir sketch was reared prin-
cipally in Missouri, and being the youngesi of
the family remained with his mother, and while
still very young began, together with an older
brother, the management of the farm, not only
caring for himself but also for his mother from
the time he was a mere boy. ft is, perhaps,
mainly due to this fact that ho acquired that
decision of character and good judgment which
has characterized him in later years. In 1852
his mother went to live with an older brother
of our subject, whore she continued until her
death in 1889, at the venerable ago of eighty-
four years. She was a woman of rare intelli-
gence and mental attainments, possessing many
beautiful traits of character, and was much
lamented by all who knew her.

In 1852 the subject of our icetch drove an
ox team across the plains, and ame nearly all
the way on foot. Soon after beginning the jour-
ney, cholera became epidemic in the train and
toward the close of their trip, many had the
scurvy, caused from the continuous salt diet.
Many died of the cholera, and it was a serious
time for all, but Mr. Rider, owing, perhaps, to

his unbounded vigor and superb constitution,
the results of his early lilc and trfiining, sur
vived, without experiencing any very serious
results.

Arriving at Portland, tiiankful for having
gone through safely the long and perilous jour-
ney, and with a soul full of hope for the future,
he at once secured IfiO acres of (Toveriiiuent land
in Washington county, where he built a cabin,
and continued to reside until he (obtained a title.
He paid for it $2811, and afterward sold it for
SfiOO, and it has since attained the value of
$8,000. After this Mr. Rider turned his atten-
tion to cabinet-making, wliicii business he fol-
I'Wed, until forced by hard times to discontinue
I!. Ilis next venture was conducting the Moni-
to • Hotel, located at tlu' foot of Morrison street,
opposite the St. Cha'-les Hotel, in what is now
the famous city of Portland. After conducting
this for a year, he eiiijagcd in the furniture
business with Kmil Loewenstein, under the firm
name of Kmil l.oewenstein & (Jo., remaining iu
that occu])ation for five years, lie then began
business on his own account, in which he con-
tinued for a couple of years, when he sold out,
and worked for two years for I'urchard &
Powers. After this he was for two years in the
real-estate business in Portland, and later in the
restaurant business, which latter occupation he
continued successfully until 1890. lie first
cond\icted the Aurora Restaurant, an<l afterward
was ill charge of the Morning Star, later the
Baldwin, then the(iilman,aiiil, lastly, tlu; Magno-
lia, in which latter institution he still retains his
interest.

In 1890 he came to Forest (irove, where Ik^
comiuence<l the erection of a handsome ivs-
idence on one of the choicest fmir-acre blocks
in the city, which he ha<l purchaxMl a number
of years before. In the cDnstrnction of the
house, he has spared neither money nor skill,
while the trrounds evince the bestowal of much

care and taste

tli(^ disnosing of ornamental

trees, tiowering plants and inviting retreats
from the sun's too ardent rays. Tlu* place,
altogether, is suggestive of comfort and refine-
ment, and is certainly an inviting place, in which
to rest from the arduous and unintermittent
labors of a lifetime,

Mr. Rider was married in February, 1801, to
Miss Mary Hlleii Wcstfall, a native of Iowa, and
a danghterof Cornelius and Kllcii Westfall, jiio-
neersof 1852 to Oregon. They had two l)eantifiil
and intelligent children, Nancy Ellen, aged eight

¥%

ii i-a

4
I6J

g!6

niSrORT OF ORKGON.

and John CnrncliuH, ai;eil five, wlio mot with a
fatal accident wiiilc |)hiyiii^ in a paint shop,
wiiero tiiey wem piiisoncd hy leaii, i)otii dying
within twelve days. In tiiisj^reat and cnishing
afflictiim, tlie hdrcaviMJ jjarents had tlio dcepei-t
sympathy ot' the (-itizens of I'ortland, and all
that human thought conld 8ugij;i'Ht, or caiv could
do to alleviate tlicir sulfering, was done by a
kind-hearted conimunity.

Mr. liider i)ecaine a Republican upon the
organization of that party, and in the early days
of this State took an active part in its proceed-
ings, lie was one of the lirst Uepublieans in
Oregon, antl assisted in raising the Ilepublican
pole in Washington county in 1^(12, and was a
strong Union man at the time of the war.

lie is a prominent member of the A. O. U.
W., and has held all the offices in the subordi-
nate lodge. He has been Deputy Grand Master
of the State, and for some lime was Grand hect-
nrer of this commonwealth. lie was instru-
mental in instituting many of the lodges of this
State. The cause is a worthy one, and be has
rendered it valuable aid in many ways.

He and his faithful wife are held in very
great esteem in Forest (-irove on account of
their many admirable virtues and kindly man-
ners.

fACKSON De LETTS, an Indian-war vet-
eran and an Oregon pioneer of 1852, now
residing at Beaverton, Washington couiity,
Oregon, was born in Ohio, January 9, 18B7.
His father, Aqnilla De Letts, a native of
France, came to America when a young man,
and hero followed the occupation of farming
and stock-raising; and his mother, nee Elizabeth
Heard, was also a native of that country. They
resided in Maryland, then in Virginia, and later
in Ohio, and had a family of eight children.
The father died in the seventy-eighth year of
his age, July 24, 1841, and the mother died
when in her sixtieth year. She was a Presby-
terian.

Mr. De Letts was in his twenty-first year
when he started across the plains for Oregon,
March 20, 1852, and after a safe journey of five
and a half months, arrived at his destination.
First he stopped at Grande Konde, then went to
Oregon City, and from there directed his course
toward the mines, At A' ■ >HRe mines he re-

maiiu<d two months. Everything was high, salt
sold at $1() a pound, aiul he, soon tiring of the
life of a miner, went to Scoltsburg, wliere ho
kept a hotel a year and a half. Next wo find
him at the Randolph mines, keeping a hotel
and saloon; reraaineil there fifteen months.
During this time he also miiusd on the beach
and in the gulch, and did well, but the Indian
war came on, the red men were desperate, and
the subject of our sketch and his party were
obliged to leave the place in order to save their
scalps.

In 1854 he married, at Ilandolph, Miss
Catharine Engles, a native of Kentucky. Their
first born was just two weeks old, when a white
man came dashing up to them on horseback,
stating that the Indians were killing the whites
at the ferry on the Coquille river. Mr. De
Letts quit work, buried his tools, and took his
family to Port Auford, by traveling eighty milos
out of the way. After they escaped, the In-
dians came and destroyed all they had left. P'or
some time afterward our subject was engaged
in sawmilling and mining, and during that
period took part in many an Indian skirmish.
On one occasion he was one of a party of twenty-
fivo who attacked an Indian camp just at day-
light. The whites took shelter behind a sand
bank within close range. Upon the firing of the
first gun, the Indians ran out of their houses,
and many of the bucks were instantly shot
down. The whites then set fire to the wigwams,
other Indians ran out to escape the flames, and
were also shot. At one place they found nine
secreted in a sweat-house, and shot them, every
one! After this, in 1857, Mr. De Letts was
engaged in helping gather the Indians up and
put them on he reservation, and while so doing
had many exciting adventures. His wife and
one child were sent to Portland while he was en-
gaged in this work. He helped in the execu-
tion of the half-breed, named Earns, that caused
the trouble with the Indians.

October 10, 1857, Mr. De Letts returned to
Portland, and was employed in all kinds of car-
penter work for a time. He liought property
there, which he afterward traded for a farm
above Milwaukee. On account of sickness he
sought a change of location, and came to Wash-
ington county. First he had a shop at Center-
ville, later at Cornelius, and in 1884 came to
Beaverton, where he has since been in business,
runniiig i'le village blacksmith and repair shop.
At thie writing he is building for himself and

HlaTORY or ORKnON.

037

y
(1
e
1-
r-
to

,8,
P-

family a nice resideiico in lioavcrtoti. Ho has
been iionored by liis fellow-citizons with the
office of .Justice of tlie Peace for the past six-
teen years, and Notary Pul)lic.

By his first wife Mr. I)e Letts liad five chil
dreti. All except one are living. They are as
foUovifs; Nettie, wife of Wallace Marsh, resides
on a farm in Washington county; MoUie, wife
of James Montgomery, I'ortland; Alice, wife of
Jolm Wigington, also of I'ortland; Mary; and
Grant L., who died in his twenty-second year.
Mr. De Letts married hie second wife Febru-
ary 24, 1882. She was Mrs. Ida M. Corastock,
and had two children by her first husband:
Maurice and Frank. She also has two children
by Mr. De Letts, whose names are ^[aud and
liay. I'oth be and his wife are worthy mem-
bers of the Metliodist Episcopal Church. She
aids in the musical de])artment of church work,
and for six years has been Su[)erintendent of
the Sunday-school.

Politically Mr. De Letts is a Kepublican.
During his whole term as justice not one of
bis decisions .has ever been reversed. He is an
interesting converser, and the lively manner in
which he relates his reminiscences of pioneer
days is highly entertaining and instructive as
well.

-:$-.<

S^fJ;—

^UGII CURRIX, an honored Oregon pio-
neer of 1845, now deceased, was born in
Grayson county, Virginia, October 29,
1808. lie spent the early part f)f his life in his na-
tive State, and in 1845 crossed the plains to the far
West. I'pon his arrival in Oregon, he settled
in Clackamas county on a donation claim on the
prairie which has since borne his name, being
one of the first settlers in this part of the
county. He built a little log cabin and ke|)t
" bach " in it until December 29, 1S49, when
he was married to Miss Diona Young. She
was born in [ndiana. .Fuly 12,1827, daughter of
Robert Young, a native of that State and a
descendant of English ancestors. Mr. Young
came with his family to Oregon in 1847, and
settled on Eagle creek. His wife had died in
Missoin'i previous to his coming to Oregon, and
he died here in 1855. After Mr. and Mrs.
Currin were married, they bought 320 acres
more land, and on this property lived and labored,
developing it into a tine farm. Their children

were all born here, and are as follows: George
.1., a member of the State l^^gislature; .Miiriha
.Vnn, wife of Robert Cochran, of Linn county,
Oregon, has three children: Robert V., who is
nuirried and resides on the claim with bis
mother; and Hugh F.

Mr. Currin's life was characterized by sobriety,
simplicity, honesty and industry, and he gave
his chief attention to the rearing of his family
and the development of bis farm, lie was a
member of the Maptist Church, and was in
every way a most exemplary man. His death
occurred November 20, 1874.

Mrs. Currin is now sixty-seven yeiira nf ago,
and has passed forty-tive years of her life in
this State. She, too, is a member of the I'ap-
tist Cliin-cli. She has reared a family of chil-
dren, all of whom occupy honoralile positions
in life, aiul she herself Is held in the highest
esteem by all who know her.

■'rn^-w^'

■^5=^

tOBERT P. AVILMOT. a venerable Oregon
pioneer, of 1850, now residing at Meaxur-
ton, was born in Allen county, Kentucky,
March 27, 1814. His parents were Richard and
Ellen (Robertson) Wilmot, nativ(<H respc^ctively
of Maryland and Virginia. After their mar-
riage they resided in Allen county, Kentucky,
where they reared their family of nine children,
only two of whom — Robert P. and a sister — arc
now living.

Mr. Wilmot was reared in Kentucky, ami
there, in 1836, married Miss Nancy Stone, a
native of that State, born in 1817. In the fall
after their marriage they removed to Missouri,
where he was engaged In farming fourteen years,
and where seven children were born to tliem,
two of whom died. With his wife and five
children, he crossed the , ^'ins t(i Orcgnii in
1850, making the journey with oxcmi. Two
brothers of Mr. Wilmot came with him. On
various occasions the Fudians werc^ quite tnuible-
eonie, and at one time they stole a line l)rood
mare from Mr. AV^ilmot. .\t Green river his
wife was taken with cholera In the m'ening and
in tlie morning she died. They burled her by
the wayside and continued their sad journey.
Her sudden illness and death at this tlmi! was a
source of great bereavement to him and his
family.

03.4

ni8T0R7 OP OREOON.

■i
•■(
-(

Aflor they iii'ri\cil in Onipoii, Mr. Wiliiiot
HOttlcil uii tliu (.'uliiiiiUia liloucrli. tiiiik udoniitioii
claim uf 3'.^() ai'i'iix, iind in 1851 liu married Mrs.
Nancy.!. MclJay. Sim wu^ a native of Ma<li-
i^on Cdiinty, Indiana, and a daughter uf ilolin
llickn. Slu? iiail one daiigliter whom they
reared an<l who is now Mrs. .Jennie I'inrliank.
Mr. and Mrs. Wilinot resided at the farm at the
slouch. eiij;hteen years, and in 18(58 he eanie to
J!ea\'erton and purchased ninety five acres of
land. On this property he ercutcd huildinga
and made other imjiroveinents, and resided here
sev(!ral years. Then lie purchaied |)ropcrty in
Heaverton, and has since houglu and sold eon-
siderahle real estate. He and his good wife
are now spending the evening of their lives in
11 ('(Jinfortable home in lleaverton. The loss of
their three beautiful and niueli beloved daugh-
ters, Sarah Catherine, Emily Adeline, and
Verony, the only children hy his second mar-
riage, cast a gloom over their home. Both Mr.
and Mrs. Wilmot are Methodists, and he is a
Trustee of the church. J'revious to the war
he was a Democrat, but ever since the firing on
Fort Sumter, he has been identified with the
Republican party. During the war he was a
strong Union man and two of his sons, Richard
and Robert, enlisted in a home company to keep
down secession in Oregon. Mr. Wilmot has
ever been a strong temperance man. lie is a
member of the (iood Teni])lars and also of the
CJrange. lie was twice elected to office, but
never qualified, sjiowing that he had no desire
for office. Ills sons are engaged in farming,
and his daughter is married and settled in life.
They are as follows: .James D., at Beaverton;
Richard, near Oswego; Robert and William,
near Douglas, on Willow creek; Ellen, wife of
Dwiglit I'helps, Milton, Uniatilla county.

Mr. Wilmot is now in his seventy-ninth year,
lie is one i>f the few bravo Oregon pioneers of
1850, who still live to tell of the hardships and
trials they endured in those early days.

W. M'CAS, of Monmouth, J'olk county,
came to Oregon in 1852, and has since
^* been one of Oregon's most successful and
highly respected citizens. Mr. Lucas is of (ler-
man and French ancestry, who were early set-
tlers of Kentucky, Marsiiiini Lucas, his father,
having been born there, September 8!J, 18U1, in

Hardin county, lie nuirried Miss ( 'intha .Vnn
Whitman in 182:{, a nati\e of Kentucky and the
•laughter of Mr. Thomas Whitman. In 18i)0
the |)arent8 of our subject removed to Illinois,
and were pioneers of that State. Mr. liUcas, Sr.,
engaged in the Black Hawk war, and during
that tinu' thi' family had to make their escape
from their home to save their lives. The fol-
lowing year there was great danger, but they re-
nuiined unharmed. lie had been a Baptist in
his early days, but later became a Christian.
His faithful wife died in 1837, and he is still
living in Abingdon, Illinois, aged ninety-two.
Ho has led an upright, Christian life.

Our 8\ibject was the thinl child, and was horn
in Hardin county. Kentucky, October 21, 1827.
When he was three years old the family re-
moved to Illinois, where he was reared and ed-
ucated, at (lalesburg. lie began to farm for
himself on a small tract of laiul, after finishing
school. March l;i, 1851, he was married to
Miss Elizabeth F. Mnrphey, a native of Warren
county, Illinois, born October 21, 18iJ5. She.
was the daughterof liev. J. E. Murphey, a pioneer
of Warren county, and an honored ( )'regon pio-
neer of 1852. He took up a donation claim,
north of Dallas, lie was a jjrominent Christian
minister, and took a deep interest in higher ed-
ucational matters, lie was the financial agent
and trustee of the Christian College at Mon-
mouth, lie died in 1876, after leading a good
life, lie was successful in worldly matters, but
more successful in spiritual matters, ^[r. Lucas,
his wife and father and his family, crossed the
plains together, starting from Monmouth, Illi-
nois, April 18, 1852. There was a company of
thirty wagons, conducted by Air. Mason. At
(irand Island they divided, and Mr. Lucas was
made ca|)tain of the Murphey train.- The whole
journey was a very sueeessful and fortumite one,
owing to the carehil captain, and they arrived at
their destinatioi) August 30, 1852. I'he journey
was made with ox teams, liorsesand mules. Our
party came direct to Polk county and purchased
land near Monmouth, where Mr. Lucas now
owns a section. He had only a few hundred
dollars to start with, but he was industrious and
built upon his land a little board hut. lie and
his wife had only a handful of things with which
to begin housekeeping, but Mr. Lucas says that
they were as ha])py in that cabin as they have
ever been since; they worked hard and the rich
soil rewarded their efforts. He added to his
first (jnarter-section, which cost him SoUU, until ho

f^stmm

nrsTokr of orkoon.

939

liUH now 8i{;i iicri'rt in nil. It tuok all Iuh money
to |)iiy tilt' I'cquiri'd j)i'ii'C. Init he hits ]iiii(i ii
nuicli I'l^^er price foi' sulif-eqnent hind.

In early life Mr. Lnciifi taught school, and liHi*
nlso eriiriig((d in nierciiiitile lil'e, iind linn been
sncceKsfiil in nil his iindi'rtiiking9. He is one
of the stockholders in the I'olk County Hunk.
He hud heen » strong Uenuhlican until 1S87.
when he eniliraced the toiu-liingB of the I'rohihi-
tion party. He has heen a warm friend and
supporter of the Christian College at Monmouth.
and has rendered it much efiicient aid. He has
been one of the Trustees and was Clerk of the
Board for twenty years. Helms heen nomin-
ateil by his party for Representative and Senator,
hut the whisky elenuMit lieinif so strong he was
not elected. This, however, does not indicate
that he is not a popular and jiromiiient Oreifon
citizen, for his life has heen one to command the
respect and esteem of all who know him.

Air. and Mrs. Lucas liave had seven children,
namely: Ada. wife of Dr. T. W. Shelton, of
Kugene; J. P., resides in Gilliam county and
lias served four terms as (bounty Clerk, and is
Colonel in the State Militia; Katie, wife of W.
D. Kenton, a Portland lawyer; Susie, wife of
Prof. J. H. Stanley, principal of the Hillshoro
public schools and County Superintendent of
Schools of Washington county; li. L. is at home
with his parents, and Frank and Fred have faruis
near their father's. Mr. and Mrs. Lucas an-
honored mend)ers of the Christian Church, of
which he has been an Klder for twenty years.
In 1874 he built a ii;oo(l home in the midst
of trees and vines of his own planting, and
here he and his wife are spendinirthe evenin>r of
tlieir liv<;, \\ the enjoyment of the comforts
their hr.i :: ' iVe earned, under the bleseinif of
tlie (Jod they have so faithfully served.

;ILLIAM E. IHiAINARD.oneof Mount
Tabor's honored citizens, also one of
( )regon's worthy pioneers, came to the
Territory in lHu2. He was born in Ohio, De-
cember 5. 1832. Ilis Eni^lish ancestors settled
in colonial days in Connecticut, and grandfather
Rrainard served in the Kevolutionary war. Ilis
son, John, was born in New Hampshire, in
1794, and in his eighteenth year he vohuiteered
in the war of 1812. Later he married Sallie
Sherman of Montpelier, Vermont, whose an-
cestry traces back to Roger Sherman.

William F. liiainanl is the only son of his
|iareiils, .lolin and Sallie lirainanl, wiio grew to
manhood. He came to Oregon in his twentieth
year, settled on the l!inpi|na at Scottsliurg, and
cast ilis lirst ])rcsiiU'iitial vote for (ieiieral .lulin
C, Fremont. His tirst iiusiiiess wa- that of a
deck hand on \\w sfeamliiiat Wasiilnj^'ton. Later
ho became her cnuineei'. and finally her captain.
She carried pashengers hclwcen l'ni])i|iia City
and Scottsbiirg. .Vfter this he engaj^t'd in the
tanning hiisiness, estalili>hing tiie (irst one,
which is still in existence. In 18(i2 he went
to the Canon City mines, whore ho spent
eighteen months in jilacer mining, taking out
his best <hiy iftiO, and in tlie whole time !S~,ti()().
He has a very nice sample of gold attached to
a pin weighing about |"-i.2i), which is a beauti-
ful specimen, and looks as if it had lieeii |iressed
between two petrified leaves. Mr. I'rainard \ al
ues it highly as a relic of the days when he
used the pick, shovel and rocker. From the
mines he retired to Portland, and in partner-
ship with C. W. (iuy, purchased KiO acres of
land at Mount Tabor. They have made a suc-
cess of raising t'riiit and vcgctaliles. When Mr.
Gay and Mr. IJrainard divided their gains, the
latter became the owner of lUO acres of the
t)riginal purchase, and afterward became the
owner of 500 acres. Mr. Hrainard had land
that cost 81.50 an acre that sold for ^100 an
acre, lie has aided in building the railroads
that have had so much to do with the growth of
the city, and is a stockholder in the Citizens'
National Hank of East Portland.

He was married October iU, 18(i7, to F.
Maria, daughter of Linus and Fliza (^Iliiniiston)
Hrooks, formerly of Hnrton, Ohio. She came
to Oregon in 1850. Her father was born iti
Ohio, April 25. 1805, and his father, .lonatliaii,
was born in Cheshire, New Haven, cnunty Con-
necticut, .luly 25, 1777. Their English ances-
tors were prominent .-ettlers of Connecticut.
Mrs. Hrainard's mother, born in Connecticiii,
1804, was the dautrhler of Linus Humiston,
who was a pioneer of Ohio, moving there in
1819. On their j(nirncy to Oiiio they crossed
Lake Erie in the Walk in the Water, the first
steamboat that crossiMl Lake Erie. Mrs. Hrain-
ard's jiareiits settled on French prairie, and
Brooks Station was named because of their
residence there. Mr. Hrooks resided there until
the time of his death, which occurred in 1879.
lie educated his children at the WiHamette
University.

> ■ u*^';

030

lirsTour of oRKdOif.

Mr. ami Mrs. ISrikiiiiii'd hitvt- twu suiih, l)orii
at Mount Talior, Slii'riimii 11., niid LiniiM Mrooks.
Mr. liraiimril Iiiih always liccii a UepiiMiuan, lias
(locliiuiil to hold ollluc uHiilc from taking an intiM -
I'Ht in the ail'airrt of iiis school iliHtrict. Ho was a
rncnilicrof th(> (Jnion l.eagno during; tim war.
Ill' and fiiinily aie Congrcgationalists. His
rcsidcMco at Mount Talwr overlooks a wi<le
Htrctcli of beautiful country and the city of
I'ortlaud. It is a home worthy of these industri-
ous |)co|ile.

-— ^«t'

••*=-

LSA SlIKKVK, a worthy Orcffon pionenv
of 11S51 and a |iroiriini'Mt I'lirnicr of 1'
county, was horn in Ohio, Auffust
1825. His ancestors came to America
Holland and his parents were Asa and Maria
(Meyers) Shreve, father liorii in Loudoun county,
Virginia, in 17Stl and mother in Pennsylvania
in IT'itii. 'I'hey had twelve chiUlren, eii/ht
<hin^hter8 and four sons. Thay were (rood, in-
diistrious people, who lived on a farm in Kairtield
county, Ohio, where they raised their family.
Here the father died, ao;e(l eighty-nine years, his
wife having died many years before, on her
forty-tifth birthday.

Our subject was the ninth child and was
reared to manhood in Ohio, where he followed
the trade of blacksmith, which he had begun to
learn when he was eiirhteen. He followed this
useful trade in Ohio for ten years and in 1851
crossed the plains to ( )re^on, with an ox team.
The journey consumed live months and twenty
days and he arrived at Salem Septendier 30,
1851. He had come West to improve his for-
tunes and was resolved to work at whatever
he ciiuld lind to do. He crossed the river to
I'olk county on the day he arrived at Salem,
liis lirst work was the building of a shop at
Cincinnati, now Kola, at which he worked for
about live months and then took up a donation
claim between Kola and Dallas, on whiidi he
erected a little log cabin; in this he and
his wife lived for live years. He then sold
out and removed to Dallas and eiif;aj,;ed in his
trade for seventeen years. Mr. Shreve was
very prominent in the towiishi]) otlices iiul did
his part toward the upbuilding of the town. He
worla'd at his trade so steadily &nd vigorously
that he lost the use of his right arm and so had
to discontinue blacksmithing and go into the

sheep-raising business. In order to carry that
on he purchased 'A\i\ acres of land in 1877.
Here he has since resided and improved his
farm.

Mr. Shreve was married dune l(», 1852, to
Harriet Li\erinore, a luitive of Ohio, daughter
of .loiias Livermore. She was born on the I'ith
of September, 1821). All but the two elilest
children were born in Dallas. Their names are
as follows: Sarah Maria married Dr. Farley and
di(^d in her thirty-second year; Mary Elizabeth,
now the wife of A. H. Muir, resides in Dallas;
Lot Li vermoro resides in Dallas; Francis Kllen;
Abraham Lincoln is residing in Dallas a?id is
an electrical engineer; Henry W. resides in Port-
land and Harriet Loutta is the wife of Mr. ( )rsen
DeuKirest; and Kate Howe is at home.

While in Dallas Mr. Shreve was considered a
woi'thy citizen and still bears that name. He
is a strong llepublican in politics; his first vote
was cast for Martin Van Buren, in 1848. He
held the |)rinciples of the Uepublican party
long before it was organized, so he is a stalwai't
l)ioneer of Uepublicanism. Mr. Shreve is a
man of sterling (jualities and enjoys the confi-
dt'iice of all who know him. - ■ .

|RS H. C0SPF:K, Treasurer of Polk county,
|M) Oregon, is a native of this State, born in
'r^'* Dallas, August 19,185((. The Cospers are
of (ierman origin but have long been residents
of America. Mr. Gosper's father, David Cos-
p«'r, was born in Ohio, in 1829. In 1852. at the
age of twenty-three years, he came to Oregon,
purchased land and settled in Polk county, and
during the early part of his life in this State he
was engaged in farming. Not long after his
arrival here he married Miss Martha J. Fred-
erick, a native of Illinois and the daughter of
.lames Frederick, an Oregon j)ioneer of 1847.
They had seven children born in Dallas, five of
whom are now living, Harry Hruco being the
secoiul son. Later in life Mr. ('os{)er was en-
gaged in merchandising in Dallas, lie is now, .
however, retired from active business. Previous
to the civil war he was a Democrat, but since
strong the tiring on Fort Sumter he has been a
Republican.

Harry Bruce Cosper received his education
in his native town and in the university at En-
gene. He learned the tinners' trade and worked

nisToiir OF oitKaos.

98i

lit it for scMM'ul yoHi'8 aw k jmii'iicymun. Then
lie foiindt'(l a l)iiHiiir,its of lii« own in Diilias,
which lio conducted a nniMl)cr of years', up to
1888, wlien lie sold out. Attliattinie he sold
out. At that time lie accf|)tt'd the apiiointineiit,
of Deputy Clerk under ('. G. ('oau. Subso-
(luently he worked at his trade again, and in
April, 1892, was nominated on the Ilepuhlican
ticket for County Trennurer. Ilecanvashcd Ills
county with the other candidatjs and was
elected by a small majority, the county beiiij^
very evenly divided between the two particH.
Six of tlio men who were elected at this time
were Orof^onV native sons. The position of
County Treasurer is one of much responsibility,
and in the selection of Mr. Cosjier liis constit-
uents showed wisdom in their choice, he being
a man of ability and in every way fitted for the
ofHce.

Mr. ('os|)er was married in 1887 to Miss Ora
I'almer, a native of Ohio and a daughter of A.
1). I'almer of Salem. Tiioy have one child,
Verra. lie built the residence in Dallas in
which he and his family reside.

Mr. Cosper is a member of the I. O. (). F. in
all its branches, and has passed all the chairs in
the order. lie takes a just jiride in the growth
and development of his native State, and us one
of its representative citizens is doing his part to
advance its Ik'sI interests.

— *»

tON. ALKXANDKIi M. HOLMES, one of
Polk county's worthy citizens and enter-
pri.-(ing and successful fanners, dates his
arrival in Oregon in 18-48. Following is a
brief resume of his life:

Alexander M. Holmes wp.s born in the State
of Illinois, November 1, 1843, n .'eecendant of
Scotch- Irish ancestry that emigrated to Amer-
ica previous to the Revolution. His father,
U. N. X. Holmes, was a native of Virginia.
He was married in Illinois to Miss Nancy Por-
ter, a native of Missouri, and with his wife and
four little children, crossed the plains to Oregon
in 1848, making the journey with o.\ teams.
Arrived in Oregon, he settled on a donation
claini of 040 acren, located three miles south of
where McCoy has since been built. There he
built his home and spent many years of toil,
developing his land and making of it valuable
In 1876 be retired from farm life.

property.

mid moved Im Salem, where liis death < urred,

ten years liitir. He was a man of ability, iiiid
took a deep interest in the iitfiiir.s of ( >regon,
serviiiu- thic(« limes as a member of the State
lA'giNJiituii'. Alexander was the third -born in
their family ol seven children, three being na-
tives of (>regiin. The mother is still li^ing, a
highly esteemed pioneer lady. Some time
previous to his death Mr. ' dines divided his
donation claim among his rviving children,
anil it is still retained by tliein.

The subject of our skotcii was in his liftli
year when lie arrived in Oregon, and has little
recollection of any other State than this. Ho
was reared in Polk county, receiving his educa-
tion at Itetliel. He still resides on the land
given him by his father, having added to it
until he now has 400 acres, 'in this jiroperty
ho has erected a commodious ai'd attraeti\i' resi-
dence, the general surroundings or^hich iitoncu
stamj) its owner as a man, not only of thrift and
enterprise, but also as one of taste and retiiie-
ment. His broad acres are devoted to general
farming and stock-raising.

Mr. lloimes was married in IS'^.I, to Miss
Mary A. Fri/zell, a native of .Missouri. Her
father died while on tli(« plains, en route to this
State in 1S5'2. Following are the names of
their children: .Mark, Ilayne, .losepha, liessie
and Monroe.

Politically Mr. Holmes is a Democrat. In
18H7 he was elected by his parly to the State
Legislature, and in that honorable body served
with credit to himself and his constituents, being
a member of the committee on internal improvc-
nents. He is justly j)roud of the growth and
development of his State, and takes a deep in-
terest in all that will aid in its advancement.

tINDLEY M. WALLACE, an enterprising
farmer of Polk county, dates his arrival in
Oregon in 18.j4. Since that year he lias
been identitied with the interests of this State,
and as one of its representaties citizens is justly
entitled to biographical mention in the history
of his county.

Mr. Wallace was born in Illinois, November
ij, 1839. His father, John Wallace, caino from
England when a boy, iind settled in Pennsyl-
vania, moving from there to Illinois. He mar-
ried Mary Veriier, a native of North Carolina.

fSi

iiiaroRY OF ouEaoN.

¥' 'M

I'-,

m\ -4

tri-

111 ISo-t, witli Ills wife ami four hdiis and one
il!iui,'liter, lie crossed tlii' plains to Oregon.
\Vliiie 11(1 misfortune befell them, they were in
great daiiifer on this journey. A parfj' not far
behind them were attacked by the Indians and
massacred, .\rriviiig in Oregon they wintered
nt the farm of (Japtain English. In the spring
they came to i'olk county. Here the father pur-
chased a piece of land on the Yain Hill river,
built his cabin anil began jiioneer life. Jle sub-
se(jiieiitly resided some time in l>allas. Then,
Iniyiiiif a farm on Scott creek, he moved to it,
and there r-puiit th' rest of his life, and died in
1803, aged sixty-three years. His wife jiassed
iiway in 1888, liolli had long been members
of the Methodist Oliurch, and were people held
in high esteem by all who knew them.

'I'heir son, 1>. M. Wallace, is the only survivor
of the family. When he reached the ago of
twenty one he left the jiarental home, and was
for some time engaged in teaming. In 1882 he
purchased the i5(K) acres of land on which lu^
now resides. Here hi' has since lived an<l toiled,
the result of his well-directed efforts being a
tiiiely ileveloped farm, on which is a good resi-
dence and other first-class buildings. Mr. Wal-
lace is ail energetic and jniblic-spirited man,
interesting himself in everything that has for its
object the Well-being of the community in which
he resides. He alliliates with the liepublican
jiarty. For a number of years he served as
Clerk, and later as Director of his School Dis-
trict. He is a worthy member of the (/oiigre-
gational (Jhiirch, and by his upright life lias won
the confidence and gciodwill of all who know
him.

In 1871 Mr. Wallace married Aliss Julia
llus-^ey. a iiiitive nf Oregon, and a daughter of
Mathaniel Hiiseey. (A history of her venerable
father will be found on another page of this
work.) The names of their children are: Les-
ter. Lloyd. Kay, Mabl(! ami Lew.

f.\MKS K. (iUAHAM, earns, Clackanius
county, has been a resident of Oregon since
18-18. l''ollowiiig s a brief sketch of his
life and that of his family:

His father, (ieorge (iriiham, w.is born in Koss
county. ( )liio, . I line 18, !8',i'2. In earlj' life ho
lenioved to Illinois, where he was married,
Octol/er 0,1844, to Miss Celia I'lirvine, who

was born in that State, October 2, 1823. Jan-
uary 27, 1847, their son, James K.. thesiibject
of this article, was born. The following spring
1848, they started on the longand tedi' us jour-
ney across the plains to Oregon, where they
arrived late in September. Jov at reaching
their destination was turned into sadness a few
days later by the death of the wile and mother,
which occurred October 4. On the 29tli of
.November, 1848, he married Miss Salome R.
Larkius, and in 1850 he and his family settled
on their donation claim, six miles so 'liwest of
Oregon City, ])aying §800 for the light. \
little 1< g house served for their home the first
summer, or. until Mr. Graham could build a
more comfortable one. In 18o5 he was con-
verted under the preaching of Ke\ II. Iv.
nines and his brother, Gustavus, and from that
time until his death he was a devotee, whole-
soulc<l Christian man. His home became head-
quarters for all ministers of the gospel, and he
and his good wife were noted far ami wide for
tl' 'i • genial hospitality and many generous acts
and (christian graces. They were hardworking
people, their earnest efforts were crowned with
success, and they luvi jilenty of this world's
goods for themselves and to spare. He helped
organize their school district and build their
primitive schoolhouse. And while he took an
active interest in procuring educational facili-
ties for the pioneer children, he took a deeper
and more earnest interest in the cause of re-
ligion. He gave a corner of his land for a
church site and aided materially in the erection
of the church. There he worshiped tweiity-tive
years. lie loved the house of (iod, took the
whole care of it upon himself, and was always
there to open it for divine services. Later in
their lives both he and his wife experienced the
blessing of sauctitication. His death occurred
October tJ, 188(), and hers March 12, 18U2.

.lame.s K. Graham was reared from infancy
in Oregon, receiving his education in the dis-
trict schools and in the seminary it Oregon
City. When the civil war broke out he was too
yoiing to be iiccejited. but as soon as he was
eighteen lie joined (,'ompaiiy A, First Oregon
Cavalry, and served one year, at the end of
which time the war closed and he was honor-
ably discharged. Then he went to Salem and
IcariUMl the harness business, .\fterward, for
nine years, he was engaged in the harness busi-
ness at Oregon City, in the meantime having
been engaged in farming several years. In

HISTORY OF OREGON.

BSS

1880 he came from Oregon CMty to his farm,
and on it lias since remained, this property
being one of the iinest farms in Clackamas
county, and his residence a coiiiniodions and
attractive one.

Febrnary 14, 1867, Mr. Graliani married Miss
Iliinnah Wingfield, who was born on the Mo-
lallii in Clackamas county, Oregon, (Jctober 20,
1850. Her father, .loseph T. Wingfield, was
born in Vii'giiMa, Noveml)er lit, 1807, a de-
scetiden' " Kngl'sh ancestors, who were among
the ei'.i./ ,i'ii'.i.-r8 of Jamestown, (irandfather
Thomas V'-ngileid was a soldier in the colonial
army duriiig the vir for independence. A[rs.
Gralu.m's father was married in Virginia in
1M82, to Miss Hannah Knapp, a native of Con-
ne<'ticnt. Tiiey had seven ciiildren. In 1846
they came to Oregon, ami ( )ctober 22, ISoO,
Mrs. Wingiield died, leaving ii little <laughter
two days old. This daughter is now Mrs. Gra-
ham. Her venerable father is now liviiig with
her. Mr. and Mrs. (irahani have si.\ children,
as follows: (ieorge K., Horton N., Clora A.,
Harden Wallace, (Juy R., an<l Vida E.

Mr.Graham affiliates with the Republican jmrty.

f.VLVIN JACK, another one of the pros-
perous farmers of Washington county.
(Oregon, is a native of lligliland county,
Virginia. Imrn Se])tember 13, IS-l'J. In 1856
the Jack family moved to It)wa, in 1860 to Ne-
braska, and in 1M)3 crossed the plains to Ore-
gon, the subject of this sketch being in his
fourteenth year at the time they came West.
He drove one of the ox teams, and a great ileal
of the journey he made on foot. He was sent
to the public schools in Iowa, .Nebraska and in
Oregon, and spent his youthful days working
as a farm bund for wages. When he was twenty-
one years of age he ])urchased his Hr>t land, 120
acres, at S3 per acre. It was bought on time,
and by hard work and economy he paid for it.
After his marriage he purchased more laml, and
on the original place lie baa since lived and
prospered.

Mr. .Fack was married December 2, 1873, to
Miss Elizalieth .\. Masters, who was born in
Washington county, this State, December 18,
1857, daughter of .V. J. Masters, an Oregon
pioneer of 1843. They have four children:
Mettie May, Renton .V., James II.. and Francis
Albert. "

Roth he and his wife are memb<M's of the
Christian Church, and also of the Grange. In
the latter he has been ^^astcr and Secretary,
and has held other official ])08itions. 'I'bey
now have their membership in tin? Hillsborough
(irange. He is a stocklmlder in the (Jrange
store at that place, and takes an active interest
in all public measures which have for their
object the good of the county. He has most
Mccejitably filled the otKces of School Clerk and
Director. Politically he is a Republican. One
of the self-made men of the county, indus-
trious, honorable and upright, he is richly de-
serving of the pros])erity he has attained.

PAVID ZIMMERMAN, of Clackamas
comity, is one of the leading tanners of
the State of Oregon.

He was born in Peiinsylvaniii February ll,
1837, and is of German ancestry. In 1856 he
removed to the State of Missouri, and from
tliere, in 18li8, crossed the plains to Oregon,
making the journey with o\ teams, and c(Mning
in company with a train of eighty wagons.
They were six months in making the journey,
and upon their arrival here located in Clackamas
county, where the colony with which he came
had a large tract of land. When this colony
disbandeil he received as his share sixty acres of
the land, to which he 8nl)8ei]Uently added fifty
acres more.

Soon after his arrival here Mr. Ziiiiuierman
engaged in the tanning business, which he has
since successfully continued, and which he is
now carrying on extensively. He manufactures
large cpiantities of harness, skirling, collar and
laci' leather, his products finding a ready market
in San Francisco ami I'ortlaiid.

In 18ti2, the year previous to his coming to
Oregon, Mr. Ziinnierman married Miss Elizabeth
Wolfer, who was born in tlu^ State of Indi.-ma in
18;}7. being two months younger than her bus-
band. One child was born to them in Missouri
and live in Oregon, namely: Catherine, the oldest
daughter, is the wife of .1. D. Ritter; Triphena.
who married Edward I!. Miller, ic.-ides near lier
fatiier; Rudolph William; Mar' ha; Judith,
wife of D. n. (iordoii, also resides near by: and
Beatrice, \\\w died in her ninth year. The
father and mother are still spareil to each other,
and are among the nioRt worthy and highly re-
spected peojilc of their community.

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934

irrsTour of oreoon.

Uii(l<il|)li W. Ziiiiiiiei'iiiuii, who is now riiiiiiitig
tlie liiri/c tiimiei-y liiisincss, is one of the onttT-
[iiiBinf^ iinii capahlo i)nsint'S8 men of tlie I'ounty
in which he was born. lIiMhiteshis liirth hiTo,
May 27, lS6f5; July 31. 18!)1, he niarriud Miss
Anna C. Ziegler, who was iiorn in Oregon, Sep-
tenilier 2, 1809. They have a little (laufrhter,
iiiM-n ScpfiMiihcr L"), 1892
alHliate.- with fhi' liepuhlican party.

Vonng Zimmerman

lU(iUSTUS J. FAXNO. a native son of
Washington county, and one of ber most
successful citizens, was born on liis father's
donation claim March 19, 1855. His father,
Augustus Fanno, also came to Oregon in
184('), and was liorii in tiie State of Maine, in
(hiMiberland county, March 26, 1804. The
family ancestors came frimi France, and grand-
father Fanno came to America during the
'• reign (if terror'" in France, being despoiled of
iiis estate, and proscribed by the Kevolutionists.
He settled witii his family near Portland, Maine.
His grandson, the father of our subject, at the
age of twenty years, became a seafaring man,
iind for a luimbcr of years followed the sea for
a living. Finally he left that life and taught
school in the State of Missoui'i, and there mar-
ried Miss Martha Ferifuson, a native of tliat
State. One child was born in that State, Eugene
!!., and he now is a resident of Newjiort.

With Ills wifeiind child, .Nfr. Fanno moved to
(>regon. in 184(), but after he had landed in this
State his wife died in Oregon City, and her
burial took place at i.inii Oity. After this
atlliclion .Mr. Fanno came to his donation claim
of (5-KI acres in the spring of 1847, his nearest
neighbor then being live miles away from him.
In 18(9 he married Aliss Rebecca .1. Ueniiy, a
iuiti\e (d' Kentnclvy, born in 1^19. .Si,\ chil-
dren were liorn to this marriage, two of them
died in infancy, and the others were Augustus,
who is our subject; Zantaphine. who married
I. \.. .Morelock. and resides on a farm near tlie
old homi>Btead; Ziona, who married James D.
Wilmot, anil resides on a part of the old dona-
tion claim; and A. It., who is a partner with his
brother, Augustus, on the claim.

The father of the family died January 29,
1884, ill the eightieth year of his age. lie had
been a man of peace, a good, honest, industri-
ous citizen, ami left his ehildien a rich farm,
and the richer heritage of a good name.

Our subject was reared on the faini near
Portland, and was educated at the Ttialitin
Academy. When he became of age he en-
gaged in farming, raising in particular onions,
on a large tract of Jieaver-dain land. In this
business he has prospered until he is one of the
largest and most successful onion-raisers in the
State, shipping each year large (juantities of
onions to California and the Northwest, and
many bushels, thousands of them, to Alaska
annually.

Besides his farming operatioiia, our subject
is interested 'v.\ other business enterprises, and is
a thoroughly practical and capable business man
of the highest business integrity. Jlis mar-
riage occurred December 31, 1879, to Miss
Kate Guerin, a native of Missouri, born in 185(!,
and a daughter of W. II. Guerin, a lawyer of
Sturgeon. Missouri. One child lias been born
of this marriage. Helen, now in her twelfth year.

In jiolitics Mr. Fanno has voted the Itepub-
lican ticket, but in recent years he has given
his attention to the refoi'm ipiestions in politics.
Mrs. Fanno is a member of the Christian
Church, anil a very estimable lady.

F.0R<;K II. P.ROWN, a successful and
enterprising farmer of Clackamas county,
Oregon, is a native of the State of Iowa,
born March 25, 18C2. He is of Knglish parent-
age, his father, Samuel Rrown, and his mother,
llanmih Ib'own, both having been borr. in Eng-
land in the year lS2fi. They came to the United
States in 1851 and settled in the State of Wis-
consin. There three sons were born to them:
Samuel A., Ellis C. and William W., and after
their removal to Iowa four other children were
added to the family, namely: Robert J., Mary
I. K., George II. and Sarah J. The father was
successfully engaged in farming In Iowa until
1S|)9. when ho came with liis family to ( begon,
arriving in ( ti'egou City on the ;!d of .hine. He
purchased 320 acres of land live miles south of
Oregon City, and there be and his wife stil' ,v-
side, respected and esteemed by all who know
them. One moi'e child was added to the family
in Oregon, but it died in infancy. The sous,
Samuel A. and E. Care graduates of the Med-
ical Department of the Michigan State I'niver-
sity, and are successful jiracticing jihysicians in
Portland, Samuel \., E. ('., William W. and

tilSTOKY OF ORSaON:

R. .1. all gnidimtcd at the California State Xor-
iiiai School. ;Mary f. E.. who irradiiated in the
medical department of tiie Nrichi^aii State Uni-
versity, at Ann Arbor, married ^^r. Frank Wins-
low, and resides in Seattle. Sarah Jane married
Mr. Wort A. IJodkey, and la now a resident of
Portland. Itobert purchased the home farm
and lives on it.

George 11., the suhject of our sketch received
his education at the California State Normal
School, and was for some time enjraged in teach-
ing. Quitting the schoolroom lie turned his
attention to the stock business, and, in partner-
ship with his brothers, was I'liifaged in the sheep
industry in eastern Oregon for seven years, and
with marked success. In the spring of 18',ll he
purchased forty-four acres of land, and in the fall
of I he same year added to it twenty-eight acres
more, and built on it an attractive and commo-
dious residence. It is his intention in the near
future to devote a portion of his land to horti-
culture.

May" S. 1892, Mr. Brown married Miss Mag-
gie MiArthur. She was borti in Iowa Septem-
ber 3, 18G0; daughter of David McArthur, and
is of Scotch ancestry.

fONATHAN O'DONALI), a well-known
and respected pioneer of 1852, was born in
Huntingdon en (y, IVMnuylvauia, Septem-
ber 6, 1820. When oinruteen years of age he
went to bill II the carpenters' trade. He served
three ytin- at his trade, and by careful and per-
sistent industry became a skillful workman.

In 1847 Mr. O'Donald was married to Miss
Catharine Woa\ . . and they afterward removed
to Iowa, will" e worked at his trade until
1852. Jl ills family then joined the west-

ward tide 111 euiigration. ai'riving in Salem the
same year, this city l)eing then a hamlet with a
very small population. His wife and one child,
William llenry, accompanied him, the other
surviving children: Emma, Ella, and Elmer,
being natives of Oregon. Mr. O'Dnnaid was a
second time mari'ied, to Miss Eliza Cross, a
native of Illinois, and they have had four chil-
dren, two now living: Frank and Anna; and
Mrs. Asa Wyman.

Politically Mr. O'Donald is identified with
the Democratic party. lie was twice elected
Justice of the Peace, and while tilling this ofKce

he tried ! twcen 300 andlOO cases, only two of
which were a|)pealed, and in both his decisions
were affirmed. While he has not accumnlated
a handsome estate, he enjoys a com|>etence, and
has been one of the stanch, reliable citiziMis who
have made the present prosperity <if Salem
a possibility.

[AMES 11. SEWELL is one of Washington
I county's most enterprising farmers and

in Washi' •_!,
His father.
1841!. He
educated in
there until

immufacturers, as well as (me of her pros-
perous native sons.

Ho was l"iiii on his father's donation ilaim
n county, Oregon, May 24, X'^M.
lenry Sewell, came to Oregmi in
.18 born in England in 181(') and
lis native country, and remained
lie was .sixteen. Einiirraling to
.Vmerica. he first went to Iowa ami then to
Missouri. In the hitter State lie worked at
the car])eiiter8' traile for a number nf ytjars, up
to 1843, when he crossed the plains to ( Iregon,
driving a team to pay for his board during the
long and tedious journey that lasted si.\ months.
Arrived ai the Tualitin jilains he took up 520
acres of land in what afterwanl became Wash-
ington county, the pro]>erty on wliicli iiis son,
the subject of this sketch, now lesides. He
built a log cabin and kept 'diacli'' two years.
Then, 'in 1845, he married Miss Alary Ann
Gerrish, a native of England, who came to Ore-
gon with her father, .lames tierrisli, in 1844.
Mr. Gerrish tirst located on the Tualitin plains
for a short lime, then romoveil to tlu^ northern
jiart of Yam Hill county, where he died. He
was a Methodist minister in early dnys, having
a circuit extending int<i several counties, and
w^as industrious in bis holy calling, jireaehing
the gospel without price.

Wlien gold was discovered in California, in
1848. Mr. Sewell went overland to the mines,
and after mining some time near Sacramento,
was taken ' And returned to On^gon with his
brother-iii-lii , Hon. A. F. Ilinman, now of
Forest Grove. The following year he again
went to California, and was again taken sick
and obliired to corner back to Oreijon. Each
time he brought back about S.'iOO. He con-
tinued on his farm the rest of his life. A I'ap-
tist minister and a devoted Christian man, his
life was one of <£reat us"f'ulness. He often

111

'! ''■.:,!

Ik,, is;

838

■nr STORY OP oiiKnok.

held nieutin^s tlin)iif^li(iiit the country, and
always witlioiit cliarjin foi' liis services. He
lielil tlie office of Justice of tlie I'cace a number
of years, and wan also elected County Su|)er-
iiiteddent of ScliooU a numlii'r of times. His
wife died in 1804, and his death occurred in
1870. They were hos|)ital)le, kind-hearted and
benevolent, and were widely known and hif^hly
esteemed. Tlicir four children are all liviiiff.
Tile ohlest dauobti^r. Laura, married John J.
Dino^more. They reside in (ioldendale. Wash
inirton. .lolm Wellington resides on a small
jiortion of the old homestead, and has other
lands. Annie is the wife of Asa Egleton, and
lives in i'ortland. Her husband is a custom-
house officer.

James II.. the olde.^t of the Sewell family,
was reared on the home farm. When twenty
years of age, in 1867, he went to eastern Oregon,
where ho was engaged in the stock business
until 1870. His father dying that year, as
above stilted, he came home and took charge of
the farm and the younger children, and here he
has since resided. He has been prosperous in
his undertakings, has acquired other lands, and
is now the owner of 740 acres. He is tloing
general farming and raising horses and cattle,
and still has the descendants cif the cows his fa-
ther brought aci'oss the plains.

Air. Sewell is the founder and owner of the
North I'aeiHc ^'hiy Works. Seeing the need of
a good article of tile on his own farm, he pur-
chased an (lid mill at the iiominal jirice of ij^SO,
and went tn work. It was an experiment, but
proved that he had on his land almndanre of
clay of the veiy best iinality. After starting
the business he sent Kast and purchased the
best and most improve<i machinery and engaged
in the manufacture of tile on a huge scale, and
the business has grown niul(;r his management
until he has the laige^t tile factory in oAt; State.
lie makes shi|pmentB to all parts of the country,
has a large demand in his own county and now
has on hand a lai'ge supply of tile of the very
best quality. He is also !■ terested in the maii-
ufucture of brick at IlillslHirough.

Mr. Si'well was one nl' the founders of the
(Irange, in LS7iJ, and wa- its Secretary for ten
years. Hi' helped build their store, had charge
of it two years and i- nnw one of the directors.

In 1872 Mr. Sewell was married to Miss
Sarah K. Allen. She was born in Califoi'uia in
1854, dnughtei' of Isaac Allen, who came with
his family to Oretton in lS.5',t. .Mr. and .Mrs.

Sewell have two children, James A. and Alice
E. He is a meniiier of the I. f). (). F., has
passed all the chairs in liis lodge and is a mem-
ber of the Grand Lodge, In j)olities he is a
Uenublican.

epui

'^■^■^

USTAVUS A. CONE, an honored Oregon
jiioneer of 1847, and one of tlie well-
known, ])rosperous fanners of French
prairie, was born in Rush couiity, Indiiina, No-
vember 21, 182!5. His ancestry originated in
Scotland, but came to the United States and set-
tle(l in Vermont pre\ious to the Revolution and
were participants in the Colocial army, (irand-
father, Oliver Cone, fought through that mem-
orable war for Independence and was in the bat-
tle of Plattsburg, and came out of the war safely,
living to be eighty-four years of age. His son,
(lustavus A., was born in Vermont in 1798,
and 'A'hen he reached man's estate he came west-
ward and settled in the State of Indiana, where
he married, in Rush county. Miss Mary (iui'ri-
son. She was born in South Carolina in 17U9.

The lather of our subject removed in 1832
from Rush county, Indiana, to La I'orte county,
same State, where they made their home until
1841; then until 1853 he lived in Iowa, and
moved to Oregon, settling near Buttevillo.
lie died April 7, 1881, and his wife had jire-
ceded him in 1878, and only three of the chil-
dren still survive. The suliject of this notice
was the third child in the family and he was
reared on his father's farm in Indiana and there
grew to manhood, attended the common schools
and later learned the trade of cooper. At this
he worked until 1847 and on April 12 of that
year be left Michigan city, in company with
Mr. Alfred Stanton, to cross the plains to Ore-
gon. He drove an o.x team and they had a long
and tedious journey, but arrived safely at Ore-
gon City November 25, 1847.

After iiit/ arrival in Oregon be worked at his
trade for sonu' time and in February, 1840. lie
went to the mines in California and mined on
the south, middle and north forks of the Ameri-
can river. From the mines he went to Sacra-
mento and for a few months kcjit the Sacra-
mento Hotel. While in California he met with
reasonable success and has often made in the
mines as much as $100 per day. and saved
about 1^5,000. Mr. Coin* came to San Fran-
cisco, and in the fall of 1840 he sailed for Ore-

mas

nibTOUY OF OUEGON.

ifoii and October 15 lie eaiiii* t^) liis property on
Kreiicli prairie and purchasud tlio right on a
donation claim of (i4() acri's.

On liis land in Oregon our subject lived alone
until Deceinlier, 185(1, when lie married Miss
Rebecca Her, a native of Ohio, born February
14, 1834. Iler father, James Her, came to
Oregon in 1847. Our suhject built a small
farm house on the property in which they be-
gan their married life. Oil this property our
subject lias since resided, and his patient indus-
try has been rewarded. He has built a nice
residence and other farm buildings, and now his
farm is one of the best in Oregon. Here has
been born seven children, as follows: B. F., who
resides in Moscow, Idaho, where he tills the
ofKce of County Clerk; Louisa, who married
John Murry and resides near her father; Louis
died of typhoid fever in his twenty-first year;
Laura is the wife of John W. Long and resides
near her father; Herman resides in Woodliurn;
Anna is the wife of Lincoln Rice and resides in
Idaho; and Gustavus A., Jr., is at home with
his father. In addition, Mr. Cone has twelve
grandchildren. Mrs. Cone died F''ebruary 13,
1880. Mr. and Mrs. Cone ha<l lived together
thirty years. She had been an estimable lady, a
faithful wife, kind mother and good neighl)or.
On December 17, 1883, Mr. Cone was married
to Miss Maria McCollum, a native of Ohio,
daughter of Cornelius McCollum.

In addition to carrying on his farm, Mr.
Cone for seven years engaged in the mercantile
business at Butteville, with his son, !>. F., the
firm name being Cone it Sou. He is now one
of the stockholders of the Farmers' warehouse
and engages in general farming and stockrais-
ing and also is interested in hop-raising. Kvery
inch of the old farm is still his own. In poli-
tics Mr. Cone is a liepublican, becoming one at
the time of the formation of the party aii(l is a
man who does not easily ciiange his views. He
is a Master Mason and has held all the offices
in the blue lodge. Mr. Cone is an intelligent
and capable man and a creditable representative
of the Oregon pioneer of 1847.

]KS. SAH.MI JANE MULL is one of
the nol)le jiioiieer women who crossed
the plains to Oregon in 1843, and whose
history is full of incidents showing what the
pioneer women of this State hud to undergo.

Only a small part of her experiences, howev(>r,
can be given here, for a complete sketch of her
life would till a wliolo volume.

Mrs. Mull was born in Hopkins county, Ken-
tucky, October 4, lS2ti, .laughter of Willis and
Kli/.abeth (I'armeter) Jenkins. Her great-
grandfather, Peter I'arker, was born in England,
came to America prior to the I{e\olution and
Wuo an oflicer in that war on the side of the
colonies. Ho married a lady who was born in
France. After their marriage they resided in
North Carolina for some time and tlieii I'cmovtKl
to Kentucky, (iraudlather Tlieophilus I'arme-
ter was born in N.)rth Carolina, as also was
Grandfather William >Ieiikiii6, and the whole
family, on both sides, niovetl to Kentucky in the
early history of that State. Mrs. Mull's parents
had ten children. They brought eight with
them to Oregon in 1844 — Mrs Mull having
come the year before — and upon tiieir arrival
here, settled where Ileedville's now located, from
which place they removed t , I'olk county and
took a donation claim at what is now Dallas.
From there they moved to eastern Oregon and
then to Gohlendale, Washington. Her father
was a merchant ami farmer, and he and his
family were Methodists. His death occurretl
in the seventy-sixth year of his age. His wife
died in 1873, in her sixty-seventh year. Four
of tlieir family are still living.

When the subject of our sketch was sixteen
years of age she was married, on tla^ I'latto
purchase, October 1, 1842, to Andrew Jackson
Masters, a native of Kentucky, born March 20,
181<>. In the spring following their marriage
they started with the I'lattc company of emigra-
tion for Oregon. The company was large ami
the train was composed of 300 wagons. They
forded all the rivers, and were often in imminent
danger of being troilden under foot by the vast
herds of buffaloes that could scarcely Iwi turned
aside by the emigrants. The Indians also gave
them some annoyance. I'lit M()t^vitll^tHnl]ing all
these dangers thuv made the joui'iicy in safety.

After they arrived attheGrande Uonde valley,
Mrs. Masters' health was such that it hecamo
imperative for them to reach Dr. Whitman's
station sooner than it was possible to if they
continued to travel with the train, so they took
pack horses and left the emigrants, she and her
liusband pressing on alone. After having
travcle<l long enough to have reiiclied their de-
sired haven, their provisions became exiiaii^ted,
they found they had lost their way, 'ind they

1:111

938

HISTORY OF OliEOOX.

I ii>

W(ire then ii day and a iiij^lit witlioiit fdod or
• liiiik. Niglitaf^aiiil Vnry iiiucli fatigued, tliuy
(!ain]>ed on the bleak mountain side, but had
nothing with wliich t" .nako a fire. Their dis-
tress was increased bv liowlinir wolves, and Mr.
Mast.-rs pelted them with stones to keej) them
olT. The i^ray light of morning brought to an
end a fearful nii^lit. and also discovered to them
that their horses were gone. Mr. Masters went
in ])Ui'snit of them and after a hintr and futile
search returned to her and said ; " We will have
to die here in the mountains, and all I regret is
that 1 brought you here, my darling, to perish
like this." She threw her arms around his neck
and replied: " Let us trust ii\ (iod. lie will
help us through."' About fifteen minutes after
this they saw two Indians coming toward them.
These Indians offered to return their horses if
they would give them a shirt and pair of pants.
Mr. Masters took off' his shirt and gave it to
them, and also gave them a red silk handker-
cliief. The horses were brought back and the
red men directed onr friends to Walla Walla.
They were then only three miles from the fort.
Here they found Dr. White and Mr. Lovujoy
who took them in, cared for them and aided
them in glutting to the Dalles. A part of the
way Mrs. Masters was scarcely able to sit up.
They arrived at their destination October l,and
on the following day she gave birth to her first
child, a son, whom she named Marcus White
Masters, in honor of Dr. White. The mission-
aries were very kin<l to lior, and to them she
has ever felt that she owes a debt of gratitude.
The rains had commenced by this time, and
they persuaded her to stay witli them for the
winter, and while she remained her husband
came down to the valley to look for a location.
lie was gone until spring, and during his ab-
sence the baliy died, aged six months. The
last of .\pril he returned and worked at the
mission, making plows an<l a fanning mill for
the missionaries. Later, he and his wife made
a trip down the river in a Hudson's Hay boat,
and, as they supposed, came up the Willamette
some distance. They then discovered that tiiey
were in a slough. Night came on r.::d they
slept on the margin of the slough. The tide
rose in the night, and carried off their boat and
the tilings in it, whii'h the missionaries had
provided for them. Thus, they were a second
time entirely destitute. The Indians went in
search of the boat, and Mr. ami Mrs. Masters
started on foot to find the Willamette river.

They walked till late in the afternoon, wading
through wet places and fording small streams.
In one of tlio streams she lost her footing and
was carried some distance by the current before
her husband caught lier and pulled her out.
They finally reached Linnton, worn and weary,
and some time later the Indians f(jund the lioat
and brought it to them. At Linnton they met
Peter Burnett (afterward the first Governor of
California), General McCarver, and others.
After resting a few days at Linnton, they came
to Washington county, and purchased a right to
some land from a Frenchman who had an In-
dian wife. After living on this t)roperty some
time, they left it for fear the wife might claim
htr share. They then took up a claim on the
Tualitin near where Farmington now is, and
settled on it, being three miles from any neigh-
bor. This brave wonnm was alone Iti their
cabin much of the time, as her husband was off
at work. The wolves came up to the house and
sniffed through the cracks until she could stand
it no longer, and they finally left the ])lace.
They then located three miles northeast of
Hillsborough, and three months later took the
donation claim where she now resides. Here
they had a splendid tract of land, two niilos
long by half a mile wide, for which they paid
oOO bushels of wheat, in five annual payments,
and for some time were engaged in raising horses
and cattle.

In the spring of 184!t Mr. Masters and his
wife and their two children went to Califoriiia,
and at Sutterville, three miles below Sacra-
mento, they opened a hotel and successfully
conducted the same one year. They then re-
turned via water, being shijiwrecked at the
mouth of Cdlunibia river and losing a great
deal of goods purchased in California, to their
Oregon land, bringing with them S10,000.
After their return they kept hotel for several
years. Since 1854 she has resided at her pres-
ent home. Both she and her husband worked
hard, were prosp<ired in their undertakings,
notwithstanding they had many discourage-
ments, and were just beginning to take comfort
in life when the saddest of all misfortunes over-
took them. ( hie morning in 185() Air. Mas-
ters flirted to attend a religions meeting, and
had only gone a mile down the road when he
was sliot througli the head by a neighbor with
whom he had been at variance. A man came
to the farm and told on(> of the children to tell
his mother that his father was dead. She picked

■■n

uisroitr OF ouEaoN.

o;to

ii|) lierl)aliv and rushed nftci" the man to hear it
for herself. When he told her sho sank down
in the road in ii swoon. The man who shot her
hiishand was .lames McMillan, now of Portland,
lie had a trial, claimed self-defense and was
cleared, and still lives to meet the jiulgnu'nt
that God gives, that heing the court to which
the widow and her children ap|)caled. Mr.
Masters had a large pockethook with him, in
which were vuluablo papers that were never
found.

She had seven children by him. one horn only
a short time after his death. They arc as fol-
lows: John W., a farmer r-'='d!rig at Hills-
borough; Jfary E., wiff of Christian Lystrup,
resides on a portion of the claim her father
took; Thurston, a merchant and farmer, at
Goldendale, Washington; William, supposed to
be in Alaska; and Elizabeth A., wife of Calvin
Jacke, resides on a farm near her mother.

In 1859 Mrs. Masters married the Kev. Henry
Willonghby. Piy him she had three children:
Laura, who is now Mrs. Perry Steeples and re-
sides in Ilillsborongh; Sarah, wire of James
Curran, of Hillsdale; and Charles H., who is
at home with his mother and has charge of the
farm.

In 1866 the subject of our sketch was united
in marriage to Noah JIuU, with whom she lived
about twenty years, when she became a widow
again. She is now in her sixty-si.xtli year, has
seen and passed through danger and great trials,
and is still an active and useful woman, loved
and respected by all who kiicjw her.

(LISHA HEDWEI.L. of Monmouth. Polk
county, is an honored < )rei;on ])ioneer ot
1847. He was born in La Fayette county,
Missf)nri, September 9, 181'.l. His father, Ira
Bedwell, was a native of Tennessee, who mar-
ried Miss liarbara Cattron, a native of \'irginiii.
They had eight children, of whom two only are
now living: Elisiia and .lohn.

Our subject was the sixth child and was
reared in his native State until his sixteenth
year, when in 1836 the family removed to Henry
county, Missouri, where Elisha resided until
1841, when lie removed to Platte county with
his father-in-law. and remained until the siiring
of 1844, when, with his father-in-law and en-
tire family, ho moved to Texas, but soon re-

turned to Henry county, Missouri, and there
remained until .Vpi'il 12, ls47, when he started
across tin- plains to Oregon. Tlic father and
head of the family had died when our suhji^ct
was only six years old.

In 1841 Mr. liedwell married Sarah .\nn
Davis, a native of Missouri. They had two
children, one t)f whom died in Texas"; the other,
H. F., crossed the plains with his graiiduKither
and uncle in 1862. They nuide a suf(( journey
across the plains and arrived in the northern
parr of \'-m\\ Hill county October 2."), 1842.
Elisha took a donation claim of 6 10 acres of land,
three miles west of the present site of North
Vani Hill. In Sejitember, 1848, he went over-
land to the gold mines of California and mined
on the middle fork of the American river. Here
he met with fail' success, taking out as much as
f>20(l |)er day at times. In 1850 he returned
to Oregon and pnrcihascd a claim near North
Yam Ilill that cost him !t!2,()0(). He remained
on this farm until 1874, when ho soM and |)iii'-
cliased thirty-four acres in Monmouth, on which
he built a comfortable residence, and has lived
there ever since. Ho paid !J(;J() an acre for this
land, but it is now worth ^200 jier acre. In
addition to his other duties Mr. I'edwell is one
of the founders and stockholders of the Polk
County Bank at Monnionth, and he is one of
the reliable citizens of that little city.

Mr. Pedwell lost his first wife in 1841, in
Texas, and on >Iune 19, 1850, marrie<l Miss A.
M. Shelton, a native of Missouri, daiiglitci- of
Zebeder Shelton, who came to Oregon in 18 Ki.
Mr. and Mrs. liedwell have had ten children,
namely: George W., die<l in his twenty-tirst
year; Mary, wife of Mr. Herman, resides in
Douglas county, ()regon; S. Mildred, wife of
Cass Higgs, resides in Polk county; ParbaraJ.,
wife of O. Waller, resides in Monmouth; .\nnie
died ill her seventeenth year; Edward resides in
Polk county; Alice died in her twenty tii'st
year; Hersheel died in his seventh year; L. E.
resides with his parents; and E. L. dii^l wIkmi
six months oM.

Mr. and Mrs. I'eilwell are members of the
Christian Church, and Mr. Pedwell is a stiung
Uepublican, and has been one since the organi-
zation of the party. All his honoralile. upright
life Mr. Pedwell has given strict attentimi to
his own aft'airs, and liotli he ami his wife are
esteemed by all who know them. Poth arc in
the enjoyment of good health and Mr. l!e(Kvell
has never lunl a doctor in his whole life. .\lr.i.

st 1

040

HISTORY OF OREGON.

Hcihvoll's mother resides with tiicin, and she is
iiciw ill her ciffhty- fourth yt'iir. hiit ciijovs good
huiiltii, and i;^ ii Nciicriilpki |iioiii»er of 1841). Tlif
entire fiiniilv i.-* one that coinniiinds the rei^peet
(if all, and it is one tiiat is wortiiy of all ])ro8-
jH-rity and jironiiiuMieo in tlu' State that has
liecoiiic so dear to those who have had a liaiul in
tiie tijihiiiiding of tiie great coiniiioiiwealth.

^:^

m^i

»-*=-

jDDlSON lUlALY, a jiroininent farmer
of Vain Hill county, is the son of J. C.
Braly, an Orei;oii pioneer of 1S47, wlio
settled first in Wasiiington comity, and attended
school in Forest (trove. Coming then to Yam
Hill county, ho worked for ins board. After
the discovery of gold in California he repaired
to tlie center of the great excitement, and liy
niininj? took out considerahle gohl. Next he
settled in Santa Clara county, and for a time
engaged in farming. Later he settled in San
ijosi", the county seat, where Ik^ engaged in the
livery business for five years. Keturiiing then
to Yam Hill county, he purchased t'-o Iviverside
farm, a niilo and a half northeast of McMinn-
ville, and on this large and valuable tract of
land he resided and prospered for twenty-two
years. He built the Mc^finnville Hank, and
conducted it three years, tlius having the honor
of starting the first bank in the county. Ue-
inoving to San Diego, California, lie has since
engaged there in banking. Now, in 1892, lie
is in his sixty-first year, and lie still owns his
IJiverside farm in Yam Hill county, one of the
best in this part of Oregon.

He married Miss Mary Whishimui, a native
of Missouri, and had nine children, of whom
eight are living.

The son, Addison, who is the subject of this
sketch, was born in San Joee, California, July
18, 18('i4, and in 18G9 the family moved to Yaiii
Hill County, where he was brought up on his
father's farm. In his eilucational course he
attended McMinn\ ille College. When he be-
came of age he took the farm of 910 acres and
conducted it five years on shares, meeting with
excellent success. His jiresent farm consists
of 1C4J acres, on which he has good buildings
and all the ajipliances of a first-class farm.

Mr. Hraly was married, Sejiteinber 23, 1885.
to Afiss Kttie I.aiigbliii, the stepdaughter of Dr.
Sitton, one of the honored pioneers of Oregon.

ller father was ulso one of tlio niost favorably
known of the pioneers of this State. They re-
sided on his father's farm until 1890, and then
movc<l to their own nice home, where they have
since been making numerous improvements.
Mr. iiraly has been very successful as a farmer.

Mr. and Mrs. Hraly are excellent members
of society. She is a member of the Christian
Church, and in jiolitics he is a Democrat, but
takes little part in public affairs, occupying
himself with his own home matters. They
have one son, whom they have named James
Fre<l. He was born January 21, 1889.

Mr. Braly is a good rejiresentative of the
Oregon enterprising farmer, and is illustrating
how productive is the soil of Yam Hill county,
if intelligently managed.

ASlllXGTON F. ALLEN, a highly
reputable and very successful pioneer
of Oregon's metropolis, made his ap-
t)earance on the scene of this commonwealth in
Is.'j."). He is a native of Lexington, Kentucky,
where he was lioru on .Inly 22. 1S21. Ills
father. Richardson Allen, was a native of Vir-
ginia, in which State he was born on May 20,
1771, and who married Miss Farmelia Mc-
Crackin, a member of one of the F. F. V.'s —
first families of Virginia. Our subject's pater-
nal grandfather, Isham Allen, was a soldier in
the llevolutionarv war. Soon after his mar-
riage his father removed to Lexington, Ken-
tucky, where he resided until 1830, then moving
to Missouri, where he died in 1S43, his wife
surviving him twenty years, dying in 18fiO.

Our suiiject was the youngest child, and is
the only survivor of the family. lie was sent
to school ill Kentucky and later in Missouri.
He engaged in farming for a time in north-
eastern Missouri, and was later employed in
steaniboating from St. Louis to other points on
the river. Soon after tliis he enlisted as a
soldier, and served in the war with Mexico, his
company being the P^ourth Indiana Volunteers,
which were in (ieneral Lane's brigade. He
participated in several of the hard-fought battles
of the war under General Taylor, and later
under General Scott. After being honorably
discharged at the close of the struggle, he re-
turned to Missouri, and in 1852 crossed the
plains to California. lie was six inontha and

■■

HISTORY OF OHROON.

four flayH on the joiiriu-y, arriving at tlie end of
that time in Sacramento, He mined for two
years in KI Dorado county, meetinif with in-
ditt'erent success, both making and losing, but
came away poorer than when he went, notwith-
standing that in one day he took out as higli as
$200, the hirgest piece he ever found lieing
worth $22. After loavinir the mines, lio went
to Vacaville, Calitbrnia, where he remained a
year engaged in farming, coming at tlie end of
that time to East I'ortland, Oregon, where he
purchased 240 acres, which lie farmed for thirty
years. When he bouglit it, in 1S55, it cost him
$10 an acre, and in 188(5 he soM it for §700 an
acre. It has l)een platted and sold, some very
tine buildings being erected on it, and much of
it is now valued at $2,000 an acre.

Mr. Allen was nuirried in 1849 to Miss Ma-
tilda Krusli, a native of Maryland. They have
nine children, all, excepting the two eldest,
having been born in Portland. Their daughter,
Mary C, married Mr. John W. Shattuck; Mil-
dred nnirried Mr. T. J. Carl; Matilda S. mar-
ried Mr. "William J. Sally; and Pannelia is the
wife of Mr. (). F. Cosper. Thet'ons are Uobert
C, George (t., Arch F., William and Walter
F. In 1872 Mr. Allen had the misfortune to
lose his wife, who died in March of that year.
She was a lady of great intelligence and many
charms of character and iinmner; was a faithful
wife and fond mother, and was beloved and
lamented by a large circle of friends. Mr. Allen
was again married on February 24, 1874, to
Mrs. Tilghmaii. a native of Indiana, and the
(laughter of lion. John McDougall. Her
father was an early settler of Ohio, being of
Scotch ancestry, and came to the i'acific coast
in an early day, having been the second Gov-
I'rnor of California. Alembers of their family
have been noted in the army and navy.

Mr. Allen lias built a handsome residence on
a pleasing site, comprising a whole l)lock in one
of the choicest residence portions of the city.
The house is suggestive of comfort and ele-
gance, while the grounds are tastefully and
attractively laid out. Here, retired from active
pursuits, Mr. Allen and wife pursue the "even
tenor of their way,'" happy in the sympathy and
regard of many friends and acquaintances.

in politics Mr. Allen has always been a Dem-
ocrat. For many years he has aided in advanc-
ing the interests of the schools of his vicinity,
and for tiiirty four years has been a director of
schools in his district. When the Morrison
60

street bridge enterprise was started, he assisted
it materially by becoming a stockholder. This
undertaking has since been of great value to the
city. He also aided the water-works in a sim-
ilar numner. Of high honor and morality,
cordial in manner and interesting in conversa-
tion, he is a credit to the community and an
ornament to society.

]KiKWIS ('. TUOMI'SON. one of the most
\i'ft pros])ei'ou8 farnu'rs and stock-raisers of
•jp* Yam lUll county, is a native son of
Oregon, having been born in Oregon City,
August 28, 1847. He is a son of R. U. Thomp-
son, one of Oregon's most noted and s\iccessful
pioneers, who now resides in San Francisco,
(Jaliforiiia. His father was liorn in Pennsylva-
nia, in IH'Zi), and his ancestors were originally
from Kngland or Scotland, who emigrated from
the north of Ireland to America at an early liay.
Hereceived a limited Knglish education in Penn-
sylvania, and learned the cabinet-makers' trade.
He later emigrated, as a poor yOung man, to Ca-
diz, Ohio, where he was married to .Miss Harriet
Pell, a native of the Puckeye State. They had
three children when, in 184tl, with his wile and
children, he crosseil the plains with the nsuid
conveyance of that day, an ox team, which slowly
wen<led its way to the l.»nd of promise. On ar-
riving at Vancouver he was obliged to work at
anything he could get to do, in order to keej)
the wolf from the door. In 1847 ho removed
to Oi'cgon City, where their fourth child, the
subject of our'sketch, was soon afterward born.
The father commenced life in Oregon City with-
out means, other than natural intelligence
and good health, but by persevering efforts,
suj)pleinented by the v.oiiderfnl resources of the
country, lie became in time one of the weal'h-
iest aiid ^nost |)rominetit men o' the State.
He first worked at his trade in Oregon City,
when gold was discovered in California, and he
went to the lulnes, where he got fo- his share a
largo milk ]ian full of gold dust, with which ho
returned to Uregon City. He then took an in-
terest in the flour mills, 8])eculated in lands, and
built the Colonel Wright, the tirst steamboat
on the Upper Columbia river, besides engaging
in numerous other minor enterprises. He thus
became prominently identified with the devel-
opment of Oregon. He continued his steam-

043

rrrsTOKT of orroon.

buatiiig for ycBrs; Im hIho coiitiiiuuil to iiicreii
liis iiitorest iii hirj^o j^niiitn of liiml, which co
Btantly bcciiinn Miiirc viiliiiil)hi.

I'eiiHe
coii-
Thiis cinMiiii'
stuiicuH conhpinul til hiiid hitii liigh iiirI dry on
the shores ot iiroypcrity, out of tlie teinpcHtiions
Bea of toil ami jMivtM'ty.

He then, in ISoH, iiiovtxi to I'ortlaiul. where
he coritiiiiUMl xtcainhoatiti^, anil al^i l)t'caini> iii-
tcrcBteil in the real crttatt! of that city, heing
Blill a largo holilcr of properly in the metropo-
lis, as well H8 in other towns on the I'afitic coast,
ini-ludiiii; larj^i- interests in California. In the
eiirly history of Oregon he S(irv(Mi suecessfnlly
as an Indian airent, and while in Portland was
cleeted a niotnber of the City Council, evincinfr
ill all his iindertakinfrs and otHcial eapacities the
most excellent juilginent and highest executive
ahility.

Mr. and Mrs. Thotniison had ten children, all
of whom are now living: Kliza F. is now Mrs.
M. A. Kinj^, and resides in San P'rancisco;
Sarah Ann is Mrs. Cajitain (). W. I'lillock, and
resides in Ari/oim; Mary Kllen resides at home
with her father; the fourth is the suhject of our
Bketch, and was the first to he horn in Oregon;
Martha .1. is nrtw Mrs. D. Linderiuan, and re-
sides in San Francisco; S. F. ; II. II. TlioinpBon,
resides at Uodondo Ueaeh, California, where his
father has large interests; Lillie is the wife of
Charles Yates, residing in San Francisco; Frank
resides at Uodondo lieaeh.

The 6ni)ject of our sketch was educated in
the I'ortland schools and at the Pacific Univer-
sity at Forest (irove. Later, he aided his father
in the stcainlioat oflice at Dalles, and had the
managenipiit of that end of the husiiiess for about
five years, being also telcgra])h operator there.
He was then for a couple of years in Washington
Territory, where he was engaged in stock busi-
ness when, in 1872, he came to (-ilenn Mrook
farm, in Yam Hill county, where helms since
resided. This property is owned by his father,
and comprises ^,'Mi) acres ,if land, where Mr.
Lewis Thompson is farming mi a large scale,
raising grain in large quantities, and isalsoe.x-
teiisively engaged in stock-raising, principally
Norninn, {'erclK-ron and Hamilton horses and
Durhani cattle.

Mr. Lewis is now building on this property a
large and handsome house, with all modern im-
provments. It is situated on a beautiful eleva-
tion, and commands a tine and extended view of
the surrounding country, including the lovely
valley in wliich his farm is located. The river

is seen winding in and out among the verdant
grounds of the distant M-eiie, looking like a sil-
ver ribbon from this point of view. Altogether
it is as charming a place as any one would care
to see. while a home among these Burroundings
Would be pronoiinced a paradise liy many.

Mr. Thompson was married in 1H7() to Miss
Fmina linker, an estimable lady, and a native of
New York. She was a daiiglitcr of Jacob and
Catharine .Inker, prominent and res|)ected |)Co-
ple of that State.

Mr. and Mrs. Thompson iiave four children:
Lewis Leslie, Lawrence Eugene, Clarence (iiiy
and Nina Helle, all intelligent young Orego-
nians, who rellect credit on the State of their na
tivity.

Mr. Thompson lias passed the chairs in both
branches of the I. O. ( ). F. and is a inoinber of
the (irand Loilge.

In ])i)litics he is a Democrat, and takc> a
lively interest in the affairs of his county and of
the State, in both of which, during his life time,
tie has witnessed with growing interest the con-
stantly increasing development which, in so
short a space of time, has placed Oregon in the
van of the glorious sistcrliood of States.

[.\ VID STUMI', an honored ( )regoii pioneer
of 1H45, now deceased, was born in Ohio
October 29, 1819, son of John Stump.
The early life of our subject was spent in his
native State, where he received his education,
but when still a young man he removed to Ijwa,
and while there sometimes engaged in survey-
ing. Among other surveys he laid out the town
site of Oskaloosa. In 1845 he crossed the plains
to Oregon, and as he was a good marksman
enjoyed limiting on the way. IJuffalo, deer,
elk and antelope were plentiful, and his love
of hunting was fully gratified. Upon reach-
ing Orego" he proceeded directly to Polk county,
settled upon a tract of land, which he later sold,
and removed to California during the mining
excitement.

Returning to Oregon he was married March
10, 1850, to Miss Ci'.'ilieriiie Elizabeth Cliamber-
liii, daughter of .\aron and Catherine (Viles)
Chamberlin. The fatlier was a native of New
York, born in 1809, while tiie snother was born
in New Jersey in 1806. In 1841- they crossed
the plains with five children, and two were added

I f

nisTour OF oiiKooy.

u4a

in Orogon. At the time of tlio journoy Mrs.
Stump was liut ton yours of iigo. Upuii iirrival
in the State of Orogon Mr. ( 'iianiliorlin took a
donatioT), claim four anil oni'lialf milts south of
tlu' |)ro8('nt >itt'of >ronmoutii, ,ind this proju-rty
is still o\vn('([ hy tiioyouni^osl son. In 18ti8 hi-
wont to Sonora to visit a son, but was takon sick
and diod March, 180U; his wife dying in Octo-
her, 1883, agod seventy-eight yoars.

Mr. anil Mrs. iStump liegan nnirried life in a
little logcaliin, six miles sonlii of ^loninoutli, on
a doiuition claim, which ^Ir^. Stump still owns.
They were comparatively poor, hut wore young,
liopet'ul and energetic, and their work resulted
in successful returns. Mr. Stump engaged in
stock-raising, surveyed nearly ail the donation
claims in that porticju of the county, ami finally
becanu- the owner of 2, '200 acres of land, lie
retired from his farm in 1878, and |>urclia8od a
gootl home in Monmouth, on the corner of Jack-
son street and (uliege avenue, where his wife
and daughters now reside. In politics he was
a Uepublican, l)uing elected dounty Surveyor hy
his party. In the Legislature of 1874 he rt'pre-
Beiited hi> district in the (ieneral Assembly.
J)uring his life oui' subject was a member of the
Christian Church, with which di-nomination his
wife is still connected, and in which he was a
Deacon at the time of his death. He also took
a deep and abiding interest in the college, and
served as one of its truetco for a number
of years. After three years of suffering, caused
by an attack of jiueurnonia, from which he never
fully recovered, the release came and Mr. Stump
passed from this life to the life eternal February
21, 188t). lie died as lie lived, a good, ii|)right
and pure Christian, and bis last days wore filled
with a hope of the everlasting life to which he
was p.ssin;;. So exemplary had been his life
that no fears assailed him on that last bed of sick-
ness. .\s a citizen he was highly esteemed for
his many noble traits of character. Two sons,
two daughters and his widow were left to mourn
his demise. .VU four of the children enjoyed
the advantage of a college education, graduating
from the college at Monmouth, now the Cicgon
State N'ormal School, while the two daughters
took a postgraduate course at Wellesley, Massa-
chusetts. The children are as follows: .1. S.
Stump, married, residing on the 400 acre farm
given him by his mother; Mary S., widow of
Rev. T. F. Campbell, who died .lanuary 17. 1893,
resides witli her mother, as does the other daugh-
ter, Cassie B.; the other son, John B., has one

of the finest farms, of 000 acres, in the county.

Mrs. Stump'- family was on(> of the (list to
settli- in this portion of the counfy, and she has
made her honi(« liori> for forty eiglil \car>. .\1-
thoiigh very young when the family settled in
Oregon she distitu'tly remeioliers wlien the Wil-
lamette valley was a wilderiu-s of wild tiowers,
and the only roads the deep Indian trails. The
Oibins of the settlers were few and far between,
and many have been the hardships she has pass(>d
through during her long resilience in Oregon.

■^m

[\AYVM P. COSIIOW.an Oregon pioiu-er
of 1851, was born in Connersville, Indiana,
July 4, 18iU. His father, Uobort Coshovv,
was born near Lexington. Kentucky, but emi-
grated to Ohio in childhood, and subsei|iiently
to Indiana, where ho was married to J idia I'eriii,
of that State, and pursued an agricidtural life.
O. i'. Cosliovv remained with his pariints
until the spring of 1851, wlion he started for
Oregon, securing his transportation by driving
one of the teams of II. B. Cochran. 'I'Le journey
was fraught with the usual incidents of emi-
grant travel, but as they were well ei|uip|)e(l
they met with no -crious accident and leaclied
the farm of William Cochran, in Linn counly,
after six months of travel. This gentleman had
crossed the plains in 1847. After helping li.
B. ( 'ocliran erect his cabin he started for the
Rogue river inincs, but sickness claimed him
for its own and he returned to the Willamette
valley without hining made any "raise." In
1853 he located " claim one and one-half miles
north of Brownsville and engaged in t'aruiing
ami raising of stock. In the Rogue rivei- war
of 1855 and 1850 he was a member of Captain
Keeney's company, and during the throe
months' campaign passed through severe en-
gagements, but without accident; in fact, but one
man was killed in the whole 120 men. In 1858
he sold his farm and moved to tins Harrisburg
precinct, purchased 440 acres of land and farmed
it and raised stock until 18fj'<, when he rented
his faun and removed to Brownsville to secure
school privileges for his children. In tlies|)ring
of 180U he bought an interest in the business of
J. M. Morgan, and continued it for five years
and traded bis share in it for stock in the
Brownsville Woolen Mill, but operated the other
!)U8iiie85i in the iiitej-ests of that corporation.

044

UlsrOHY OF OREGON.

'\(ri

V f

M <.i

The ('ruMimiiy tlit'ii orrc.toil tlio liiiKiin'HH tilock nti
Main sircot, fur wliicli (nir Hiil))i'(',t triKinl liin
iriill hUiiik ill IH^SD, unil tlicn (rlo>(i(l (iiit tlio utock
(if tilt; inorcliiiiiilisi! tliiit lio liiul liri'ii Iminliiiiir
Hiiil riitireil IVoiii iictivii biiHiiit'8>, fxcfpt iis en-
^H^fil in tiiu liiinillin^ 1111(1 Biiluof real uHtiitcnnd
inHiirimci'. lie Ktill owns 820 iicri'H near lliir-
lihliui'ff, and liriO aert's in close |ir<)\iiiiity to
the !'iwn of UrownKvillu. lie Ik a incmlKir of
liliic lo(l(j;n ami cliaptcr. K. • ,\. M., and
tlioiij{li not activK in poiiticft in an iirfrcnt advo-
cate of educational iiitttitntionH for tliu liest iii-
tcrchtB of llio growing young city.

lie wan iiianied in 1S5M to Sarah E. ('ocli-
ran, dan^liter of Williiiiii Cochran. They have
Lave had ten cliildreii, iiiiinely: William L., So-
iihronia A., wife of J. M. Howe, nierchant in
Eugene; Koliert II., hccretary of the Saleni
Woolen Mills;.Jiiines N.,fariner and stock-raiser;
Mary E. wife of, I. Eranzcui, inedianical enj^i-
necr; (>liver I'., Jr., attorney at .McMinnville;
Sanili E.; Ida A. wife of (ieorge C. Stanan,
druggist, of Albany; (ieorf^e 11. and Kato E.
Mrs. Cosliow is still living, death having never
entered their doors. The lionio has also been
enlivened by eighteen gratidcliildren, who add
joy and uuisic to the household.

^-^-^

^LEY P. UOHV is a native of Oregon, born
near Salem, Marion county, in 1860. His
_^ father, Thomas Koby, was a native of Vir-
j^'inia. but in early nianhood emigrated to Mis-
souri anil was married, to Eleanor Karrens. He
then followed farmiiig until the spring of 1854,
when lie purchased an o.v team and a ])ioneer
outtit, and with his wife and children set out
for Oregon across the great plains. In due
time, without ])articiilar incident, they landeil in
Oregon and locating near Salem; followed farm-
ing until 1880, when Mr. Roby returned to his
native place, and remained there.

Eley \\ iis educated i a Marion, and then liegan
the struggle for support in the finishing depart-
ment of the Willamette Woolen Mills at Salem,
where he renjained two years until the mill was
destroyed by tiro. IJc then farmed until the
fall of 1877, when he secured a position in the
finishing department if the Brownsville Woolen
Mills. In 1882 he was put in charge of the dry
finishing ami was miide foreman of the entiie
finishing department in 1884. This position he

held until the dissolution of the firm live years
later. In the saiiio year, [HHU, the Eagle
WooliMi Mills were organized and Mr. lioliy be-
caiiid a stockholder and with theopeningof the
mill in •June, ho liiid the position of foreman
and he is st'M in that ])osifion.

lie was ipu.rried in Mrownsville in 18T!) to
.leiiiiie Leach, of Massachiiselts, and they have
two children, Loim (iertriide and Merle. The
family reside in the cottage home that Mr.
IJoby owns, situated near the mill.

lie has served two terms as the I'residcnt of
tlie(Jily Coinicil and one term as Mayor of the
city. This evinces the contidenco imposed in
him by liis town's-peoplc.

lAlTAI:, KICIi AIID lIOHSOX.deceaeed,

was 11 native of England, born in Derbyshire,
^.October 'JH, 18'.ilt. His father was' a hat-
ter by occupation, who lost his wife and sought
a new country in which to rear his five mother-
less children. After some time he decided
upon America. With linuted means he crossed
the ocean, with a party of Mormons, under the
leadership of a bishop, who had chartered a ship
for that purpose and landed at New Orleans in
March, 1848. Thence to St. Louis, Missouri,
via steamer. There he made the acijuaintanco
of Miles Ayres, who was organizing a company
to go to Oregon, and Mr. llobson was persuaded
to join the train. Dr. Whitman was also there
and confirmed their resolution of making the
trip. This was the first large emigration to
Oregon, and the experiences over the new route
were varied and exciting, Imt the "Mecca"' of
their pilgrimage was at last reached after six
months' travel, and they fettled upon Clatsop
plains, where Mr. Hobson pursued an agricult-
ural life.

Richard-remained with his father and assisted
in caring for the farm, and in 1858 was married
to Miss Kate Iv. Young, of English descent, a
native of Australia, who, with her parents and
eight brothers and sisters, emigrated to Oregon,
in 1849. Not liking the climate of Oregon, Mr.
and Mrs. Young returned to .Vustralia in 1854,
and the same year Richard llobson and wife
sailed for the same land. Locating near Mel-
bourne, Mr. llobson secured and completed
several targe contracts for the fencing of large
estates, and was thus employed until 1859,

tttsfOHY ill'' iHiKnoN.

wlitiii lio rutiii'iiud to Ui'cgxti mill piiicliiirioil ti
I'nriii (III CliitHop |i|iitnri. ilc then liiiilt u ^lllllll
Hiiil-l)(iiit luiil ran upon tlie l)iiy liotwt'en ('liitsop
iii\(l Astoriii, doin^ ii gciiiTiil pasaeiii^iM' ami
IVeiffiit l)ll8inoK^. After ;v few yeiirM lio eili;iij{eil
ill stuainliimtiiiir about I ho rivor, and Hecuriiiir
a pildt'a liceiimi for hotli liar and river, uperateu
i)ctweon the ocean and Portland, an opportunity
permitted. In 1871 he roinovetl his I'ainily to
Awfitria, jiurcliased city |)rop«'rty and estalilished
a home, continuing to operate upon the ri\er
until 187n, when, through failiuj^ heallii, lie
Hougiit a dryer cliiniite and pa8ned tiie winter in
the Sandwich islands; iiiiding relief he ii;^ain
sought those islands, in the tall of 1877, but
died at sea, on the bark, Jane A. Ki''.'inbur<r,
while returniii;^ to Orcj^oii, May 24, 1878. lie
was a man with whom honesty was a watch-
word; stroiin; an<l practical in his Christian
priiici|de8, noble, pure and widely iiioiirned.
Mr. and .Mrs. Uoli.-ion had nine children, four of
wlioin survive, namely: William, now en^aireM
in steaiiiboating on I'uj^et sound; Mary 1,, now
Mrs. John Pliair, of San Francisco; Etta A.,
wife of 11. V. I'rail, a business man of Astoria,
and Charles, now securing his education.

-^■*Z^-^

fllOMAS M. SHOUTUIUGK, contractor
and builder, Sheridan, Oregon, is a son of
oiiii of the honored pioneers of this State.
lie was born on his father's donation claim in
Yam Hill county, June ".iO, 185(5.

Charles Franklin Shortridge, his father, a
native of Virfrinia, was born February 11, 1811,
a descendant of English ancestors, who settled in
the Old Dominion lonif previous to the Revolu-
tion. Gi'andfather William Shortridge was a
soldier all through the strugjrle for independ-
ence. The mother of our subject, nee Emeline
Fields, is a Kentucky lady, the date of her birth
beini; May 2li, 1827. She is a dauirhter of
James Fields. Mr. and Mrs. Shortridj^e were
married In Kentucky, and in that State liad two
children: Lewis L.. and Corilla, now Mrs.
Leightoii, of Oakland, California. In 1853 they
came across the plains to Oregon, landinir at
I'ortlaiid after a long and tedious journey.
That was the memorable cholera year. Many
were the new niado graves by the wayside, each
with its own sad story. One man in the Short-
ridge party died of cholera, ami Mr. Shortridge

hiniself caiiiu near dyin;^. In October he i-eaclieil
Colonel (Jraves', now the I'ewlev farm, and fioni
there crossed the hills aiul look adoniti ion citiini
ofiVilMicres of land. Here he built a little
hou^e and, his money all being spent, he and
his family li.'gan life in Oregon with absoluli'ly
nothing. Oil this property the worthy pioneer
lived and toiled from 18.")2 to l^x;t, making a
living, improving his land and raising a re-
spected family. His life was cliaracti rized by
simpli<'itv, indiistiy and frugality, ami in all the
world he had not an enemy. His death oc-
curred .laniiary 19. 188;t, in ihe se\(Mily-second
year of his ag(<. He had long been a devotee!
Christian ami a member of the Methodist
Church. Ho was a lle|iublicaii from the or-
ganization of that iiarty, and during the Uebol-
lion was a strong I iiioii man. The land « liiidi
ho seciireil from the (iovernmeiit and Ihe home
which be built are still owned by the fami'y.
His venerable widow, a (!liristiaii mother, and
an excellent type of the pioneer women of Ore-
gon, now resiiles with her son in Sheridan.
Of Mr. Sliortridge's children we record that
Ann, the only child by his first wife, married
Franklin Crowl, and resides in Missouri; Olive
()., dieil in her third year; Hester married
■lames Fristo, and resides in Morrow coiinly,
Oregon; Lt>wis, born in 18 18, in Kentucky, at-
teniled McMinnville College, enlisted at the ago
of eighteen in Company 15, I'"ir8t Oregon Uegi-
nieiil, served three years, and is at present |)ro-
prietor of a hotel in Uolph, a great summc^r
resort; Thomas M. is the ne.\t son; Samuel, an
engineer, unmarried and living with his mother
in Sheridan.

The subject of our sketch was reared on his
father's farm, attended school at Monmonth and
Sheridan, and in his youth learned tlu! trade of
carpenter. In 187i) he went to CaliJ'-'rnia, re-
sided two years in Contra Costa connr-, and
while there was married November 1><, I88'.i.
to Miss Anna L. Ware, a native of Missouri.
Her father, .lolin Ware, came to (Jalifornia in
1849; mined two years and made a fortune; re-
turned East for bis family; is now eigbty-six
years of age and resiiles in Contra Costa county.

After tlieir marriage .Mr. and Mrs. Short-
ridge came to Oregon. For two years lie con-
ducted his father's furin. Then he purchased
property in Sheridan, built a residence and
moved here, and has since been eiigiiged in
house building. He is a man of good business
ability, is well imformed on all general topics of

iiiBToar OF ontaoojf.

ISllli:

the (lay, and ie justly pmiid of his imtivo State.
Politically he atHliatos with tiie l'eo|)ln'.s party.
lie helongK to the Masonic order, and both he
and his wife are meinhers of the Coiigre<>;ational
C'hiircli. Ijfing active workiirs in the same and
are helpini; to hiiild tln'ii' uvw eliiirch edifice in
Sliei'iilau. They have two children : Ktta May
and Thomas li.

lATlIA.N Ili'SSEV. II venerable Oregon
iionecr of 1845, and one of the very Hvst
settlers in the western jiartof I'olk county,
was born in the State nf Oiiio I )eceniber 14,
1S15, son of Nathan and Mary (Stewart) Ilns-
sey, natives of Virfjinia. The ancestors of the
family emigrated from France to America
previous to the lievolution and settled in the
Old Dominion. The father of our subject
served in the war of 181'i. He and his wife had
nine children, of whom oidy three arc living:
Nathan and his two sisters. Natlian wan two
years old when the family removed to Illinois,
and in that Slate he was icared on his father's
farm, receiving his education in the primitive
loif Kchoolhouse.

In 1845, hearing (jf the rich soil and mild
climate of Oregon, Mi. llnssev crossed the
plains with ox teams to this const, bringing
"ith him seven yoke <ir oxen and ten cows. The
'ollowing spring he settled on a donation claim,
then a bcantirul, cK'an country, all the trees on
the hills having grown up since. Uerelie built
his little home and eng.iged in stock-raising, and
here he has resided forty-six years, having ac-
complished many a hard day's work on this
property, lie is now seventy-seven years old,
and still keeps up his work as of yoi'e. lie is
one of the two survivors of the first settlers «{
this jiart of the county.

Mr. llussey was luari'ied in Illinois in 18;{(i,
to Miss Sarah Din-dcu, a native of that State,
ami at the time they came to Oregon they had
three children: William 11. Harrison, Nor-
man and tJliristophcr. all now married and set-
tled in life. They had six children Iiorn in
<>re!»on.one of wlnnn. I!lii!al)etli, died in thy
twenty-second year of her age. Mrs. llussey
passed away in 1S7~. The other children are:
.lulia. wife of h. M. Wallace, settled near lier
father; Sophia, also married; kiley and Krank
Nathan, at lioriw; and Wiutield Scott, a resident
of BalUton,

As the years |)asse(l by and Mr. llussey be-
came able lie pnrchasecl 300 acres of land,
which he gave to the two oldest .sons. lie also
gave another son 160 acres, and now has lliO
acres tor himself. He is li\ ing with his eldest
son, I-'rank. His political relations have always
been with the Hepublican party. During the
Salmon river excitement, hi' went to the mines
aiul returned with a few hundred dollars in
gold. l''ew men have lived as peaceable a life
as he. He has never sued and has never been
sued.

Such is a brief sketch of one of ( )regon's
brave pioneers, one who had the courage to
break away from civilization and become ('lie of
the men who tmide it possible for the, then, un
settled Territory to become the great State of
Orearon.

-*-.<

fVKUS HLAllv, an ent(»rprising farmer of
Polk county, was horn on his fathei's do-
nation claim in this county, .lannary 1,
185'J. Of his life and ancestry we make the
following brief record:

The Ulairs originated in Ireland. CTrand-
father Blair emigrated from the Emerald Isle
and settled in N'^irginia, where his son, Thomas
R. IJiair, father of the subject of this sketch,
was Ixu'n in the yc^ar 1818. In 1844 Mr.
Thomas U. niair crossed the ])lain8 to f)regon
with o\ teams. After his safe arrival in Ore-
gon, Mr. Blair located (i40 acres of land on ilijl
creek, five miles southwest of where the town of
Slieriilan now is. He was among the very
earliest pioneers of that part of E'olk county,
and made a (dioice selection 'if land. Soon
aftei' his arrival here he marrieil Miss Kmoline
Buoil. They built a cabin on their claim and
began pioneer life in a primitive manner. .Mr.
Hlair engaged in farming and stock raising, and
by an honest and imlustrious life was prospered.
lie interested himself in every thing that per-
tained to the well bein^ '-^ *'"' i-ettlers and the
growth and development of the State. He was
a Hepublican in ]iolitics, and was nomiinited by
his party as a candidate for the State Legislature,
hut declined the honor. He was Postmaster for
a time and also held the oHice of .lustice of the
Peace. He helped to organize the Mill (reek
(irange. No. 01, was an officer in the lodge, and
did all he could to improve the condition of his

HISTORY OF OREnON.

U4T

neif^libora ami liiiiiei^lf. Three of their nine
children dieil in infancy. The others have
grown to be respected citizens of their native
State. Nathan, the oldest, is a blacksmith, and
resides near the old homestead; ^[atilda. is the
wife of William liidgeway; William A., is
married atid resides on a farm in this vicinity;
Sarah A., lives witli her sister, Mrs. Uidj^eway;
Thomas E. is inarried and lives on a farm two
miles and a half from the old home. The
mother of these children died July (J, 1877. She
was a member of the Methodist Church, and
hers was a beautifnl character, a representative
pioneer woman, a devoted wife, a loving mother,
and an earnest Christian. About a year after
her death, Mr. I'lair married Miss Emma Co-
sand. Tiieir only child they named Lloyd H.
Mr. lilair died on his farm March lt>, 1881.
lie led an upright and industrioiis life, was
prospered in his uiideitakings, and raised a n^-
spectable family.

Cyrus was reared ow his father's farm, at-
tended the public school, and completed his ed-
ucation with a course in the i'ortland Husiness
College, graduating in 188."). lie inherited
ninetv-eight acres of his father's donation claim,
which portion included the family residence.
All his life has beeTi devoted to farming and
stock-raising. Prosperity has attended his
earnest efforts, he has added to the land he in-
herited, and is now the owner of 'i'JS acres, lo-
cated on a beautiful little stream in a pictiir-
esijue and rich j)orlion of I'olk comity.

August 10, 1885. he inarried Miss Elizabeth
I>. Miller, a native of Yam Hill county, and a
daui'hter of K. J. Miller. They have three
children: Richard K., Velna M., and Madie
E,. living; and one, Cyrus W.. deceased.

Mr. lilair is a memlu'r of the (range, and i9
Secretary of his lodge. He aflili^-tps wuli tl;e
Kepubliean party.

[ILLIAM MAUZEV. another one of the
( )rcgon pioneers of 1843, was born in
Fleming county. Kentucky, March 10,
18l9. His father, Thomas Maiizey, «as liorn
in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1803. and when a la<l
moved with his father, I'eter Maiizey. to Ken-
tucky, being among the early eettlers of that
State. Peter Maiizey died in Keiit".''ky. The
ancestors of the .Maiizey family came frniii

France at an eilrly day and settled in the South.
Thomas Mauzey inarried Miss Lucinda l.awson,
a native of Kentucky, born in 180'J, daughter
of Jacob and Sally (Kice) Lawson, the former
of Welsh and the latter of Irish ancestry. They
had a family of eleven children, the subject of
our sketch being the fourth born. The father
died in Kentucky in the si.xty-tifth year of his
age; the imither passed away at the ago of fifty.
William .Maiizey was reared and etlucated in
his native State. He attended school in a little ■
log schoolhou>e, with only the New Testament
for a reailiiig book, and with a teacher whose
time was employed chiefly in. wielding the rod.
At the age of twenty (Hie Mr. Maiizey removed
to Missouri, whore he ])cddled v.'ith a wagim for
three years. In 1813 he crossed the plains
with oxen to Oregon, driving a team to pay for
his hoard. They started on the 25th of May,
made a safe journey, and arrived at their desti-
nation ( )ctol)cr 25. He came clircct to the
Tualatin plains and took the donation claim of
320 acres of rich land, on which he has .--ince
resided. Here he built the log cabin of the
jiioneer and "bached" about four years, during
which time he pas,sed through many hard>hi|)s.
He went ragged and barefooted and lived on
boiled wheat while he cultivated his land, plow-
ing with a rude Wooden plow, with an iron jioiiit
bolted to it. .\fter the second year he got flour
and livcil better; but as he looks back at the
siill'ering and privations ho endiireil be feels that
the Oregon pioneer's laml cost him twice what
it was worth. However, he lived through it
and saw brighter days. June 10, 1847, he mar-
ried Miss Ellen Evans, daiiohler of 1 >r. Evans,
a physician and P.aptist minister who came to
Oregon in 1815. I.il'o on the firm then becaiiio
more pleasant. The discovery of gold in Cali-
fornia allured many nf the ( >regon pinncers to
that State in the spring of 1849, and with the
o\i)rlan<l tlirong went Mr. Mauzey and his wife.
•Vfter remaining at Sacramento two years they
returned to their farm, and on it ho has since
resided.

They had live children, all of whom are living:
The eldest daiighler, Lucinda Jane, is imw the
widmv of Irving Pallard and resides in Seattle;
Thomas Alexander is in the lumber business in
Washington; Maria is the wife of William
Heagle, and resides on a farm at Pendleton;
Martha Ann inarried James Imbrie: tliey are
fanners and reside near her father; the young-
est child, Mary Laticia, married L. L. Smith,

h ,'

JMM

'f!

1 a

S43

OiafoRY OP oiiBauN.

wlio is condiictiiii^ a nieiit luiirket at I'ortlaiul.
Mrs. Mauzey died in l>s01. In 18(19 Mr.
Mauzey returned to his old home in Kentucky,
aniT while there Miiirricil Miss Martha .Jones, a
native of Fleinin<:f county, born June 8, 1832.
8he is tlie dauijiiter of Aniinon Jones, of tliat
State.

Mr. Mauzey is (Uie (»f the most prosperous
farmers of tiie vicinity in which lie lives. He
has Ipought an<l sold several farms, and is now
. the owner of his original donation claim and
fifty acres more adjoininir it. lie and his wife
are charter members of the (irange, atid he is
I'ast Master of his lodge, lie haj been a lie-
publican since the organization of that party,
and while ho has declined oitice, he has always
taken a deep intei'cst in the atfairs of his county,
the State and the .Nation.

#3-M^^

fOUN S. JACKSON, a native of Washing-
ton county, and one of its prosperous farm-
ers, was born on his father's donation claim
November 23, 1855. His father, John H. Jack-
son, was one of the pioneers of this State. He
was born in Virginia March 14, 1820. a rela-
tive of "Old Hickory" Jackson, and in the Old
Dominion he was reared. When a young man
lie went to Iowa, and in 1843 came to ()regon.
On this long journey he drove oxen for his
board, being then a single man and bringing
nothing witlL him save a trusty old Kentucky
ritli'. w liich is still the projierty of John S. Jack-
sdti. The trip was madi- in safety, and upon
his ai'rival in Oregan young Jackson eanie di-
I'ect to Washington county, and took a donation
claim of 64*) acres, located three miles north-
east of the |iresent town of (tlencoe. Here he
establishi'd his home, improved a farm, and be-
came one of the prominent factors in developing
the interests of this part of the country. He
built the tirst grist and sawmill here. TIk. dis-
covi'rv of gohl in California took him overland
to the miiu'S in 1840. He was sick, however,
and did not remain there long. On his return
home lu' devoted his attention to his mills, was
prosperous in his undertakings, and became the
owner of 1. 1(H) acres of laud besides property in
the city of Portland. In -Inly, 184(!, he mar-
ried M'ss Saiah S. I'arkor, a native of Virginia,
born ill 1829. daughti-r of Hon. Samuel
I'arker, an Oregon pioneer of 1845, and at one

time a member of the Oregon Legislature. Mr.
and Mrs. Jackson had nine <diildreii, as follows:
Mary Elizabeth, liorn May 1, 1847, died June
16, 181)7, leaving two daughters; Margaret An-
gelitie, boi'ii Deeeinber 22, 1848, married John
Dorland, and is now a resident of Goldendale,
Washington; Rachel C, died of coii8um|)tion
on her iiitieteenth birthday; Henry X., died in
his fifth year; John S.; Amanda S., born No-
vember 3, 1857, is the wife of li. J. Newell,
(foldendtde, Washington; Andrew (r., who died
ill his seventeenth year; Kllen L. is the wife of
Samuel Johnson and resides in Washingtcui
county; (J. S. Jackson, born Marelil, 18(58, ilied
Seiiteinber 8, 18!»2. The father died Ueeein-
ber 22, 1869. His wi<low still survives and is
now in the sixty-third vea:' of her age.

John S. .facksoii was educated in the public
schools and in Tualatin Acadetny. and when he
beciime of at£e eii<;ajred in farminir. and has
since had charge of the old ho/ie place. He is
ii stanch Ilepublicaii, has served four years as
Constable and two years as Justice of the Peace,
and February 15, 1892, was appointed Post-
master of (ilencoe. He has the contidence and
good will of all who know him.

^'-e^^-^s--

KOIKJE AINSLIE, the able and popular
senior member of the firm of Ainslie &
Company, sash and door manufacturers,
Portland, and an Oregon jiioncer of 1864, was
born in Scotlan<l December Li. 1835. He was
raised and educated in his native country, where
he learned the carpenters' trade, and where he
remained until he arrived at maturity. He
then sought his fortune in America, where he
hoped to have a better opportunity to prosper.

He arrived in Delaware county, New V(U'k,
in 1857, and distinctly remembers the trying
times of the civil war. He was in New York
city at the time of the great riot, when he and
eighty carpenters wi're working on Mr. .\. T.
Stewart's store, and Mr. Stewart came into the
ImiliJiiig and told them to go home and wait
until it was over, and their pay would go on
just the same. They went home, but later some
of the men then joined the nuib.

From New V'oik city Mr. Ainslie went to
I'eaufort, South Carolina, where he was con-
nected with the Quartermaster's Department.

ntaroRY of ouEoojv,

(M«

Later he left Buautbrt with tlie inleiitioii of go-
ing to Oregon, Init soiiieof his friends persimdud
hiiu toaccoin])any thi'tn to San Francisco. Ac-
cordingly, the j)arly returned to New York city,
where tiiey set sail, arriving in due tiiiif at their
destination. They worked durinf.r the suinnier
in San Francisco; when work failed, and Mr.
Ainslie ',■:'.::;;- to Portland, which nunihereij at
that time, in 1864, .-.hout 6,000 inhahitants.

Soon after his arrival, 1;«^ fortunately met Mr.
Porter, \vi>o was building on Third street, next
to the Presbyterian Church, and who gave Mr.
Ainslie work, which continued untiU/hristnias,
when tile rain became so heavy they were told
to (juit work. On being told this, Mr. Ainslie
replied, "If that is the ease, 1 will return to San
Francisco," whereupon Mr. Porter told him to
stay and he would-try to give him work in the
shop. Soon after this he was made foreman by
J. C. Carson, for whom he continued to work
until 1872, when he started in business for him-
self in a sash and door factory on the corner of
Second and E. streets. Jle was soon afterward
burned out, losing everything, bnt immediately
restarted his business, when, after three years
of gratifying success, he was again burnecl out,
and although he had $9,000 insurance on his
property and goods, he lost heavily.

lie then started in business with Mr. Lewis
and Captain Flanders, who advised him to re-
move to Fourteenth and P streets. Accordingly,
ho rented the block on that corner, on which he
erected a large and complete factory, occupying
the ground as a tenant for ten years, when the
lease having I'xpired. he purchased the block.
llis present partner is Mr. Fred Eilers. Mr.
Ainslie has purchased a second block adjoining,
besides other lots in the city, all of which have
greatly increased in value since he purchased
them, lie has built a large and comfortaiile
residence on the corner of Eighth and Main
streets, where he and his family reside.

After an absence from his native country of
eighteeii years, he fiiudly returned on a visit to
his relatives and to the home of his childhood.

In 1806 he was married to Miss Sarisa Smith,
an estimable lady and a native of Iowa, who
crosseil the jilnins with her brother and other
relatives in an early day. They have three
cliildren, all born in Portland: George Ainslie,
Jr., Phemie and Carrie.

Mr. .Vinslie is Ilc^publican in his political af-
tiliations, and althouitii lakinu: no active part in
public ati'airs is deeply interested in the welfare

antl progress of his State and adopted country.

lie is a worthy member of the I'resbyteriati
Church, to which he has rendered ellicient aid.

The Scotch in this countiy are so invariably
in<lustrious, honest and pros|)i'rou>. that the
name has become synonyuions with all that sig-
nities worth and success. The present instance
forms no exception, Mr. Ainslie beinir emi-
nently deserving of his good fortune.

^^■^^■'^

tir. ALLEN, one of the leading business
men of Albany, Oregon, was born in < bi-
» tario county. New York, in 18iJ7, son of
Stephen and Martha ((ieinin) Allen, also na-
tives of the Empire State, llis father was a
carriage manufacturer. In 18-KI he moved to
.lelfersoii county, Wisconsin, an<l ojiened a small
manufactory, which he conducted until the
spring of 1852. At that time he started for
California, but was destined never to reach the
Golden State. While on the plaiTis near I'oi-t
Laramie, he died of cholera.

N. II. Allen received his i^arly education iti
Wisconsin, and comj)leteil his studies in Chica
go. At the age of nineteen he was employed as
bookkeeper in that city, lu.>ing thus eng;ig' '
two years, lie then opened a gi'ocery sto > .
afterward did a dry-goods bu>iness and was en
gaged in speculation until 18T1. In the mem-
orable tire of that year he sulfered great tinan-
cial loss, and subseiiueiitly closed up liis business
afVaii-s and started for the Pacitic coast. He
arrived in Albany, Oregon, in August, IS74,
and has since been identitied with the interests
of this city, lie purchased of L. Mart'.n a hiilf
interest in the old saw and |)ianing mill, at the
foot of Montgomery street, which they operated
about seven years, bringing logs frons tlie (Cas-
cade mountains. They ke|)t from thirty to
fifty inei\ employed in the mountains cutting
logs, and not oidy 8up])liei| their own uiill, but
als(j fui'nislied logs for other mills below, thus
doing an extensive business. Mr. Allen ,-okl
his interest in the mill in ].S>il. but subse-
quently purchased the tMitirc jtroperty and still
owns it. In 1881 Messrs, Allen it .Martin
engaged in the dry-goods business in Albany.
At the end of two years Mr. Martin retired, and
Mr. Allei' continued the busines^ ahun^ until
1887, when he sold a half interest to W. F,
liead. and the following year .Mr. Kead bought

. mm

//^

060

niSTOHY OF OHKGON.

i|i

the ofliiM- half. Since then Mr. Allen has devoted
Ill's time to the niaim^'eiiicnt of his electric light
syBtfin, which he cKtablished March -9, 181^7.
Seciiiinir water-power, erectiiiji bnildinirs, and
conuiienciii^ operations witii one Schnyler arc
and one Westiiiii'.ioiifie incandescent machine, he
pusluMJ hi,- enterprise forward, and wired the
town for tliirtv-tive arc and ij'25 si.xteen-caiidle
jiower incandescent lights, deiiionstratinir tlie
practicability of tjie project, lie sold stock and
in July, lS8il. incorporated a- the .Mbany Elec-
tric, Lii^ht-l'ower & Telephone Company. The
business has increased to such proportions that
he has already doubled liis capiicity and in the
near future will add machinery to meet the in-
creasiiiir demands. Mr. Allen retains a con-
trolling' int(Te8t in the company and acts as
secretary and manager, lie was one of the or-
ganizers of the .Mbany .Millin<j & Miiiip^.' '.'om-
pany, in which he fills the otfice of vice-presi-
dent.

Of his i)rivale life it should be stated that
Mr. Allen was married in <!liicaii;o. in 1878. to
Miss Mary N. llaiiawalt, a native of Iowa. They
lia\e fdiir children: Edna, Mamie, Frank and
Alma, lie built his residence corner of Sixth
and r.aker .streets, in 1880, and besides this
owns other valuable property in .Vlbany, and
lias 200 acres of timber land near Brownsville.

Mr. Allen is a Knight Templar, \. V. & A.
M., and a member of the K. of I', and the A.
(). r. \V. Politics and |>iiblic oflice are not in
liis line, but in businei-s, enterprise and devel-
opnienf, he is among the "hustlers" of the city.

—^••mm^^ —

tO.N. THOMAS 11. CU.WVKOIil), oneof
Union county'.* leading attorneys, was
born ill Washington county, .Vrkaiisas,
March, 184s, nnd was the; oldest in a f'iiiiiily of
eigli^, children born to (ieorge A. ;iiid Martha
.1. ( Wilsiin) ('rawl'oicl, natives of 'IVniies^ee, who
emigrated to < >regon in 1870, settled in Clack-
amas county, and there died soon after coming
to the State.

Thomas received a common school edncatioii
in the |)nblic schools of Arkansas, but he was
not siitislied with this and .so entered the State
.\giicultural ('o'lei);e at (,'orvallis, from which
he giadnatcd in 1874. He then chose the pro-
fession i'( law for liis calling. Although he
poseessed no ineaiis to carry on his studies, he

was ambitious, and tluM'efore taught school to
obtain the sufficient funds. He read law with
•Iiidge Kelsey. of ("orvallis, and was admitted
to the bar in 1^70. After eonipletiiig his law
studies ho went to Dayton. Washington, at
which place he was made Probate Judge.
After .serving his term he nioM'd to liaker City
and remained one year, and then moved to
Union, wliere he has since remained, engaged
in the pursuit of his jirofession. He has a
very large practice throughout the district.
He was nominated on the Democratic ticket
for I'rosecntiiig .\ttorney, bnt was defeated by
a small majority on the part of his Uepublican
adversary, although his majority in his home
town was large.

The Judge Was married in 1878 tt> Miss
liosezelia A. Smith, a ntitive of Ohio, who
came to Oregon with her parents when .she was
a small child. Mr. and Mrs. Crawford have
had two children, the oldest, Clarence II.,
born in 1879; and Maud, who died when only
three years of age. The one child left Mr. and
Airs. Crawford is the pride and joy of their
lives. Judge ('rawford is very |iroiiiineiit in
Democratic iiolitics; is a Mason of good stand-
ing, and hold.- the ollice <d' (irand Deputy Chan-
cellor, of his district, in the order of Iv. of P.

IIJ.IS D. AliXOI.D, one of the lead-
ing business men of Union county,
Oregon, is the subject of the present
sketch, lie was born in Hamilton county,
Ohio, March (i, 1851. His father, Diadate
Arnold, was a native of New York, who came
to Ohio when a young man and was there mar-
ried to Miss Louisa Charles, a native of Ken-
tucky, and moved to Wisconsin in 1804, when
Willis was but three years (d' age, and there he
died in 1870.

I'ntil he was eighteen years of age our sub-
ject lived in Wisconsin and there attended
school, but ill 1874 he went to California, whore
he engaged in the liiiiibering business, following
this until 1881, when he came to ( >regon and
commenced work on the I'liion Pacific railmad,
having charge of the timbtM- work on the road.
He was foreman over a ijans' of l)ridi'e men for
two years.

Later our subject and his brother went into
the lumber bn8ille^8 for two years, and con-

HUHOHMMhMihM

HI STORY Oli' ORBQON.

or.i

DiMiioci'utic (M)iiiity ill
out two yciir8 of his

tinned there for some iiine, liaving b\iilt a
Hume ill the mountains for six miles iit ii cost
of $30,000. The Arnold brothers then organ-
ized a company known as the Ilillgard Luinlier
Company, witli a cajiital stock of $1,000,000,
of wliicii Mr. Arnold is president and manager.
This is tlu! second largest lumber ('onipany in
eastern Oregon, and they inannfactiire every-
thing ol' lumber. Their millf- have a capacity
of 80,000 feet per day; they are lighted by
electricity, as they have a dynamo in the mill.
They i'in[iloy eighty men and their pay '"oil is
SS>5,00(I per month. All of the machinery is oi'
the very latest and best. They use l)and saws
and all .;ie\v appliances for doing iirst-class
work.

The conipany owns 2,600 acre.- of timber
land, for which they j)ai(l a large sum of money,
and they saw the lumber by way of tho tliinie to
the railroad. They take the largest contracts
for doors and window sash, in fact, for any-
thing that is made of lumber.

The marriage of our subject took place in
1871) to Miss Ida M. Fitch, daughter of Clin-
ton and Henrietta Fitch, who moved to Cali-
fornia when Mrs. Arnold was a small child.
Mr. and Mrs. Arnold have four children: Ger-
trude, Arthur, Ether and Freddie. Mr. Arnold
has always been an a(!tive business man. He I
started out a poor boy and had his share of I
misfortunes. At one time he had accumulated I
$1,^00 an(i loaned it for the accoinmodatitm of
a friend, but lost it all. Again he began work-
ing by the day and soon iiad enough to start a
mill. In his lumber business he has been very
successful, and no doubt takes « proj)er jiride
in bein;f the jircsident and manager of the
hirtcest nl^ines8 of his line in ( (regon.

i^litiiT'ly be is a prominent member of the
Uepui))ica;i 'larty in a '
180O, iind has only serve(
term c.r ollice. Mr. Anioid bus made all of his
money out of pine timber in the nionntaiiis of
'.'nion county, Oregon.

[aMUFL v. MARKS, Aurora. Clackamas
county, is another one of Oregon's honored
pioneers of 1847.
Jle was born in Harlan county, Kentucky,
August 15, 1833. His Crandfather Marks came
from Ireland and scilU'd in Maiyland, where his

8on,.loliii Marks (our subject's father), was born
ill 179."). The latter was a soldier in the war of
1812, and fought in the battle of New Orleans.
Ife married Miss Fanny Forester, a native of
Kentucky, born in 17'"t8. In 18;{S they re-
move<l from Kentucky to Missouri, and nine
yeais later .'rom there across the plains to Ore-
gon, makinj. the journey with ox teams. .Seven
children had been born to them. One died in
i'lfiiiicy anil the others came with their parents
to Oregon. They areas follows; Alexander K.,
Mary .\., Klizabeth 1)., l.evina. Samuel F. and
Kliza Jane. Mary A. was married at this time,
and her husband, .lacoli Adam>,came with them.
The journey across the jtlains was of seven
months" duration, and was made in safety. They
came direct to Clackamas county, arriving Sep-
tember 17, and for a mare and a yoke of oxen,
valued at $400. they purchased the right to a do-
nation claim of (140 acres of land, the only im-
provement upon it being a cabin. They worked
out for jirovisions on wTiicli to subsist the Hrst
winter. J^ike most of the industrious pioneers
of this State their earnest eti'orts were rewarded
with success, and resulted in the development of
a tine farm. Here the father died in 1871 and
the mother in 1850.

Samuel F. Marjis was next to the youngest
child in this family, and was fifteen years of age
when he arrived in Oregon. Ho went to the
oistrict school in winter aiivl worked on the farm
in summer, and after Ids parents became loo old
to work he continued with tbein, and cared fur
them ill their declining years. He inherited one-
half of the. donation claim. He has since addeii
to it eighty-four acres, making 411 acres, which
he now (»wns. This is one of the most valuable
farms in the county. During the Yiikinia Indian
war, in tlu^ spring of 185<), Mr. Marks was avol-
niiteer under Captain Casmi.

Mr. Marks was married Oclolicr 1(1, 18.").s, to
Miss Mary A. .\bbot, a native of Illinois, born
in 1841. They havt^ had ele\eii children, live
of whom died in infnicy. The others are .lolin
It., of Klamath county; Kena Jane, wife of
Charles Wait, and the mollier of three children,
died in her thirty-third year; Iviima F. became
the wife of Jacol) Hanson, and re^liles in Salem;
Thomas J., at home; Jacob iv.at school in I'ort-
liind, and liertha I., also attending; school in
Portland.

The religious Cailh of Mr. and .Mrs. Marks is
that of tho Raptist denomination. He wa-; in
jiolities a Democrat [irevloi;:- to the great civil

ill

III*'-

M' f.

042

ifrsTOtir op oiiEOoX.

Will', llicii liu licciiiiie ii Iiej)iil)liiMiii, uml wns ii
stniiii^ riiiiiii man, and ikiw lie liiul aili)|)ted the
jirincipli'S of the I'sojilc's |)iirty. lie has l>een
jiroiiiincnt in tlic nft'aii's of tlie comity in wiiicli
lie lias so loMir rcsideil. was a ciiarter mi'iiilioi' of
the (iranire and was Master of tlie loilire; served
on the ISchool Hoard an (lerk and Director; and
is now u iiieinber of tlie Fanners' Alliance, lie
Iniilt the coinfortahle and attractive residence in
wliicli he and his good wife reside, l.onj^ may
tliey live to enjoy the frnits of their honest and
earnest labors.

?I). MATTOCK, a rejiresentative of the in-
terests of Engene, was horn in Benton
county, Tennessee, March 8, 1839. I lis
piiieiits, K. Ii. and Susan ('. (I'l'V) Mattock, were
iiatixes of North Uai'olina, !)iit subseciuent to
marriage removed to Tennessee, where Mr. Mat-
tock farmed for a few years, and in 1840 moved
to Dade county, Missouri, and reclaimed land
from the jirairie and iinjiroved a small farm, re-
maiiiino: tlieie until the spring of 1853, when
he sold out and purchased prairie outfit, consist-
ing of six wagons and the necessary number of
o.xeii, with 100 head of cattle. With these and
his wile anti eight children he joined several
neighbors and crossed the plains. They met
with no accident until they reached the Malheur
river, where they attempted to cross the Cascatle
mountains by the Elliott cnt-otf, and became lost
ill the Klamath lake country several weeks and
their provisions gave out, and they were obliged
to kill the poor jaded cattle to keep themselves
from starving. Egress was at last discovered by
following a branch <>!' the Willamette river, and
they arrived at liuttle I)i5a|jpoiiitiiient October
^0, 1853, six months after commencing the
journey. Mr. Mattock located near Goshen and
followed farming until 1J<I!3, when he went to
Hoise mines in Idaho, where he was taken sick
with a fever and died, ageil forty si.x years.

il. I). .Mattock f-ecured bis primary education
in Missouri, and when they crossed the plains he
walked the entire distaiK-e, so as to drive the
cattle, lie tinished his education at Columbia
College, at Eugene. .Vfter leaving college he
was married, and located near (ioslien, where he
engaged in farming, and so continued until 1803.
In ISni he was elected Siiperintciident of
Schools of l.ane couiily. and served in that ca-

pacity two years, during which time he taught
school. Ill 18(i(') he removed to I'leasant llill,
and engaged with his father-in-law, Mr. 15. Itut-
ledge, ill pork-packing, and in 18()7 he bought
the mercantile stock of Mr. Kntledge and con-
tinued the business. In 1808 he sold his store
and niirchased 850 acres of land and eiiirai'ed in

^ J o o

farming and stock-raising, which business ho
followed until 1S84, and then moved to Eugene
and purchased the gooil-will and stock of general
merchandise of T. (\. Hendricks, and has since
followed mercantile^ life. ~ He rented storeroom
until 1886, and then built a three-story brick
building, 28 .x 110. feet on the southwest corner
of Willamette and Eighth streets, where he re-
moved, and has every convenience to conduct
his growing business. Jlr. Mattock still owns
2'JO acres, being the original donation claim, and
31-1 acres additional. In business relation he has
always prospered, although never liaving had
the experience of clerkship, but he has relied on
his own sound judgiiieiit, and it lias crowned his
efforts with success. He is a stockholder in the
luigene Milling and Lumbering Company, and
is also a director in same. He occupies the
same positions in the Eugene Cannery, and is
one of the enterprising citizens of Eugene.

In politics he has always been a Democrat,
and in 1871 he was elected to represent his party
at the State Legislature, and he has served two
terms in the (Mty ('oniicil. He is a Knight
Templar, F. & A. M., a member of I. O. (). F.,
A. (). Ii. W. and of the Christian Church.

He was married at Pleasant Hill in IXiVl to
Aliss Elizabeth M. liutledge, of Illinois, and
daughter of B. liutledge, an Oregon pioneer of
lS53. She died nineteen months later, leaving
a little child. Elizabeth C. now .Mrs. S. C. Smith.
He was again married in 18(57 to Miss Louisa
liiitledgc, and she died in ISOl, leaving eight
children, namely: Edis I). andC'aswell C, both
engaged in the store; LiilaC, Carrie A.. H'jrtha,
Maud. .lose|)li I'', and Eugene.

\%^^

J. HEFTY. — Among the representative
architects of Portland we find II. J.
* Hefty, a native of Switzerland, born in
canton (ilanis, in 1858. In that locality the
family have been known for man}' generations,
as canton (ilanis was the cradle of the Hefty
family. The father, II. J. Hefty, was a proin-

HISTORY OF ORKCON.

»s;i

iiu'tit nrcliitc'.'t and hiiildcr, wlio iiifulc ;i spe-
cialty of mill work, and \>y him woolen mills
were erected in northern Italy, at I'ergamo, and
that af^ricultnral district was transformed into
a wool-j)rodiicing district.

Our suliject attended the high schools of
Munich and then prepared himself for the tech-
nical highsehoidat l)armstadt, (ierinany, from
which hegradnated in 18711. Ucaved nndcr the
influence of mechanical life, his otherwise idle
inoments were spent in ])ractical work with his
father, and after graduation he passed nearly
two years with his father in studying the
science of construction. While looking for a
place of settlement he learned of Portland,
thi'ongh his hrother, I'eter, who canu' to that
city in 1S79, so, in the spring of IH81, suliject
hade good-liy to the scenes of his childhood
and emigrated to New ^'ork and thence to I'ort-
land, where he iinmediately eoniineneed a hnsi-
ness of contracting and building, employing
twenty or twenty-tive nu'ii. This he continued
for three years, when, with a full knowledge of
construction, lu' retire(l from that branch with
rejiutation estalilished and thereafter devoteil
himself to architecture. Beinc familiar with
foreign styles of architecture, Mr. Hefty began
making innovations on the renaissance style as
formerly adopted, and lie changed to the Queen
Atm style, which was cordially received and I e-
came very j)0[)ular. He devoted luucli tinu' 'o
residence architecture. Among the moreiirom-
iiient jiublic buildings are: Washington block,
designed by him in liomanesque style; St.
Helen's Hall, .after the old English: and the
Fourth Presbyterian Church of South Portland.
He was then appointed iirchitect for the new
city hall of Portland, and began the process of
erection when, through political dodgery, the
work was stopped. In 1870 his plans for the
First Congregational Church wei'e accepted, and
lu' was appointed Superintendent of Construc-
tion. Tlie church is built in an Italian gothic
style, and is located on the corner of Fast Park
and Madison streets, being built of stone, at an
expense of ^100,000. The Vendome and (xrand
Central Hotels were built after his plans, both
being uni(|ne ami handsome buildings.

Mr. Hefty was married in Switzerland in 1881
to Miss Agatha Durst, and the wedding trip
was the journey to Portland. They have three
childnm: liessie. Fdward ami .\lfred. Mr.
Hefty is a member of the A. <). U. W. He i>
a pleasant, genial gentleman, thoroughly infused

with the science of his profession, and with his
Furopcan knowledge, gained by travel and re-
search, diverges from old styles of architecture
into plans now nio"e varied and far nuire beau-
tiful, and his buildinirs bear the fullest evidence
of his origiiuditv, ingenuity aiiti ability.

fACOH IIOl)\'fi;U, deceased, was an nouored
Oregon pioneer of 1844. He was born in
Green county, Kentucky. March 2'.l. 1814;
son of Felix Hoover, also a native of Kentucky.
The Hoovers originally came from (iernuiny.
Several generations, howe\er, have been liorn in
America. From Kentucky the family removed to
Indiana, and snbsequiuitly from there to Illi-
nois. In the last named State .lacob Hoov(«r
married Miss .leriah (/ave September is, 18:S t,
and their union resulted in the birth of six
children, oidy one of whom is now living,
Thomas P., a nuMxhant in (iilliam county, Ore-
gon. Mrs. Hoover died in 184i5, and the follow-
ing year .Mr. Hoovcsr marriecl her sister, Malinda
Cave. Their fathei', James Cave, a native of
\'irginia, and for over fifty years an active and
useful minister in the Methodist Church, ciiiue
with his family to Oregon at the same time Mr.
Hoover did, and in Yarn Hill county, this
.State, his death occurred May ti, 18(12. They
started on their journey across the plains to the
far West on the 8th of May, and in due time
arrived in Washington county. Mr. Hoover's
family at the time of his arrival hiu'e consisting
of his wife and four chilflren: Thonnis I'., .John
Wesley, Morris and Jackson; the youngest child
having been born in Nebraska, while they were
en route to this State.

Mr. Hoover came to Oregon a poor nnm, anil
upon bis arrival here took a donation claim of
R40 acres of land. .\s the years rolled by ho
im])roved his laud, |iros|)erity attended his
efforts, and lie was ranked with iXw jtroniinunt
early settlers. His widow ami a son and daugh-
ter still leside on the home jibice. They have
in their possession, and highly treasure as
relics of pioneer days, the pot and skillet in
which they cooked their frugal meals while
crossing the ])laiiis, and wliicli they still used
after they established their home in the little
log cabin they built on the claiiii. In ISI'.l the
discovery of gobi in ('alifortiia took .Mr. lloiivei'
to the mines, where he remained about iix

m\fi ma

.as

bj ' 'i'ii

054

niSTORY OF OREGON

IllUlltllS.
t'lll'lll, lu

coiilinued the siiiiii
111 |)oliti('S lio was
WHS ult'cted to tli(

Tlieii, rcturnirif^ to liia family and

rcBiiriied liis ai,'i'ic.iiltiiral |iursiiit8, and

until the tiiiic of liis death.

ii Democrat, liy that party

othce of County Trcaeiirer,

anil as a puhjii; olliciai proved himself elficient
and oliliginir. In relii^inn Ik< was a consistent
Mctlioilist. He led an honoratjlo and uprii^ht
life, and was hifj;lily respected liy all who knew
liim. His death occurred Uecember I'J, 188tj.
The followiufT named children were adiled to
their family after they came to Oregon: Jacob,
horn February 9, lS4t). is President of the Ex-
change National l>ank,at S|)okane Kails, Wasli-
iufjton; Kebecca, who died in infancy; Harriet,
born .June it. 1848, married Mr. lienton Killin,
now a prominent lawyer of Portland; I.etitia,
born October 10, 18411. is the wife of William
H. Council.

Mr. and Mrs. Council reside on the home
farm with Mrs. Hoover and her son .laekson,
and Mr. Hoover and Mi. Counell own tocrether
and are farminif OOO acres of choice land, a por-
tion of it being the orif^inal donation claim.
Mrs. Hoover is now in her seventy-tiiird year.
With the exception of impaired eyesight, she is
still well preserved, both mentally and physi-
cally. 8he is a fair re|)re.sentative of the brave
women who crossed the plains to this country
in the pioneer days.

(liASTrS S.VVAGE, a resident of Wash-
ington county, was born in Augusta,
^ Maine, .lanuai'v 4, 1814; the son of I)avi(l
and Hannah (Edson) Savage. He left Maine
ill 1835, and went to Ohio, and settled in Fulton
comity, Illinois, in the fall of 1838. He was
married to Jane Tnwnley in 1841, and they had
two children. lie went from Illinois, in 184;5,
to Missouri where, in March, 184o, he lost his
wife and one child. In iSejitember he returned
back to Adams county, Illinois, and, in 1846,
luairied Mrs. Smith, a widow, whose maiden
name was Jordan. They had five children, all
of whom are living.

In the spring of 185'^ Mr. Savage returned
to jMissouri, and remained there till the spring
of 1853, when he, with his family and two of
his brothers, started for Oregon, crossing the
plains with ox teams, and arriving in the Willain-
ecte valley September :i5, 1853, having been

a little over six months making the tri|). He
engaged to work on the Willamette falls for a
short time, then moved to Washington county
the same year, where he has remained ever
since.

He has served as Justice of the Peace for
eighteen years. He has traveled all the way
from the tide- waters of the Atlantic to the Pa-
cific ocean, in a wagon. The eldest daughter
is married to M. S. Dailey, whose sketch is given
elsewhere in this volume, ami she resides in
Ilillsboro; the second child is Charles (iuild,
now'ving in Idaho, Fayette (Hty; the youngest
daughter married Fred Oakerinan, and is now
living in Harney county, Oregon. His three
sons are married and living, one, the eldest, at
Newberg,- Yarn Hill county, Oregon, and the
second at Bridgeport, Washington coiintv, Ore-
gon; the youngest is at the old home.

§ENUV L. BENSON is one of the prom-
inent e(lucatt)r8 of Jose[)hiiie county, where
he has filled the |)osition of principal of
the public schools of (trant's Pass for the last
six years. He has also served as president of
the State Normal School at Drain, from 1880
to 188(5, jjrior to taking up his residence in this
city.

Mr. Benson is a native of Stockton, Cali-
fornia, born in that city July 6, 1854. His
])areiit8 are Henry C. anil Malinda M. (Will-
iamson) Benson, the former a Methodist min-
ister, born in Ohio, of English-(Juaker ances-
try. The latter is a native of Kentucky. They
arc^ the parents of thirteen children, the sub-
ject being the sixth child. He removed to
Santa Clara when a child two years of age. The
family still reside in that city.

Henry L. was reared and educated in Santa
Clara, California, and completed his collegiate
course at the university at San Jose, graduating
with the class of 1873. Heengaged in teach-
ing school for some years, reading law in the
meantime. He first read law under George I"".
Baker, of San Francisco, subseiiuently return-
ing to .San Jose. Here he completed his studies
in law in the office of Judge Harrington. He
was admitted to the bar in 1877, and the fol-
lowing year to the Supreme Court. He en-
gaged in the practice of his profession in San
Jose for two years, and while there served as

HISTORY OF OIIKOO.V.

Uo5

Deputy City Attorney. lie ciiine to Doiifjlaf*
(Miiinty, Oi'i'gdii, ill 18M0, ami to JoBepliiiio
county hi\ years Inter. In .lime, 189".], lie was
I'lectcd District Attorney. II i.-; political iitlili-
ations have always been with tho licpiililican
party.

Ill' was married in Mercccl county, ("alifornia,
September 7, lS7t!, to Susie Daiif^iicrty, of Cal-
ifornia. They have four chililren: Ilea AV.,
Artliiir S., Gail E., Harry (t., anil one son, de-
eeased.

Mr. and Mrs. ISonson are very csfimahle jieo-
ple, and are jjivatly respected by all who know
thetn.

ilHS. L. E. MARKS, of Currinsville,
('lackaiiias coiintj', Orei^im, is one of flic
iirave pioneer women uiio crossed the
plains to this State in 1850. She was born in
Slissoiiri, .Inly 12, 1838. Her fiitlicr, William
Wade, a native of Virginia, born Sopteiiilier IS,
17116, married Sarah Duiiliarn and after their
niarriaifo tnoved to Missouri, where several of
their children were born. In 1850 Mr. Wade
and his family, consistinjj; of wife and live chil-
dren, Mrs. Mnrrs then being in her twelfth year,
came across the plains to ()regon. He settled
on a donation idaim two miles south of where
Currinsville is now located, and there he and
his good wife spent the rest of their lives, her
death occurring in ls()5, and his May 11, 1882.
They were members of the Methodist Church,
and were highly respected peojile.

Ill 1852 the subject of this sketch was mar-
ried to Mr. George Ciirrin, an Oregon jiioneer
of 1845. He was Jiorn in Grayson county, Vir-
ginia, on March 7, 1810, where he lived until
l8+3, when he and the rest of his mother's fam-
ily emigrated to Missouri, but their now home
proved so sickly that he and his brother Hugh
resolved to come to Oregon. During their last
winter in Missouri their mother died, and in
the spring of 1845 the' two bachelor brothers,
together with two of their little nephews, Hugh
and William Fields, started on the long and
tedious journey across the plains. After with-
standing many hardshijis and sutiering all the
privations of pioneers, to the then far West,
they arrived at Phillip Fosrer's on the 10th of
October of the same year. Meiiig completely
worn out by the long, toilsome journey, they con-

cluded to winter near their destination. In the
spring o»' 184t) they went farther up the Wil
lainette valley, but retiiriieil and tooK up adjoin-
ing |)laces, at what is now ('urriiisville.

After his niarria/e to .\.iss Wade tliey estab-
lished their home on his donation claim and
developed it into a tine farm. On this jilace he

{assed his remaining days, and died .lainiary 14,
879. Mr. Ciirrin was a man of ipiiet, regular
lialiits, was always ready to lend a helping liaml
to the poor and destitute, and was a kind .iiid
indulgent ])arent.

Following are the names of tli(>ir children:
Martha .lane, wife of William Lewellan, of
S()ringwater; Sarah A., wife of William Sjier-
lin, Linn county; Lucretia. wil'enf Liii-ey Hale,
resides near her mother; William 11., a mer-
chant of Corvallis; (Jhristiaiia, who died in her
fifteenth year; M. Ellen, a graduate of the Slatii
Normal School, is engaged in teaching; Uobcrt
II., at home and attending school : Francis M.,u
teacher; and Ollie M., at home.

IS'oveinb(M' 2i>, 1884, she married l.af.iyette
Marrs, her iiresent com])anion, who wa^ born in
Arkansas. November Ki, 1834. Ho had five
children by a former marriage.

Mrs. Marrs still owns her half section of
land, upon which they n-side, successfully en-
gaged in agricultural pursuits. She is a mem-
ber of the Methodist Episcopal ("liiirch South,
and she and lior family are people of the highest
respectability.

fW. KEHN, one of Oregon's worthy pio-
neers, came to the State in 18.')1. He is
^ a native of Illinois, having been born in
Washington, o])po6ite I'eoria, on the 1st of
-Inly, 1838. His father. William Kern, was
born in Pennsylvania in 1814. The ancestors of
Mr. Kern were from Holland, however. He mar-
ried the mother of the subject of this sketch, a
Miss Ann Sliiill, a native of X'irgiiiia, whoso
ancestors had come over fromCJermany previous
to the devolution and settled in V^irginiK. Mr.
and Mrs. Kern had seven cliihireii, of whom tho
second one was the subject of tin's article. Only
four of these six children are living.

The family crossed the plains in 1851 and
first settled six miles west of Portland, and in
1854 removed to a farm five miles east of the
same city, where Mr. Kern, Sr., has since resided

tifl'

956

IirsTOIty OH" OREGON,

wi'\\\:

\ I

lu.

■h

])iii'8uing his uccupatioii of fartner. Tlipir first
lioiiie WHH II ^lmllty in tlu' t'oi'CBt on ciiniiition
liiml. They imjii'dN t'<l it, j>liinfL'(| iiii oitIihiiI,
1111(1 Were pioiiecrH in uverv simibu of the wonl.
Mr. Korn ruineiiiijerrt the hrst ii|i|il(' timt f(jriniMi
on their trees anil tells how the chililn-n inailea
heiitcn path ^^oing hack and forth \vatchiii<? its
growth. They tnaile thin land very valnablt<,
and Mr. Kern, Sr., has attained to a ri])e old ago
niion the land he took from the (iovernment
and reclaimed from the forest, honored and re-
."^pcclcd liy all. llin wife died nnmy years ago.
tj. W. Kern wa^ reared at the old home, being
educated at the Methodi>t Academy. iJiirinj^
some of his early years he was n clerk in I'ort-
land. Then he eni^a<;ed in supplying wood for
the steamhoats on the river doing a large hiisi-
ness with the transportation companies. IJo
was so successful in iliis that he engajjed in
steamhoating for himself, and in \Wt\ built the
steamer, l'. 8. (irant, being the captain for five
years, during wduch time he ran |)rincii)ally
Portland and Astoria, but after si.x years of this
life he sold his l)oat8 and turned his attention
to real estate and farming, buying and selling
land on his own account, lie platted Kern's
Addition to Kast I'oi'tlaud and this proving a
success he afterward platted the Waverly tract,
in connection with KUis ( i. Hughs. Upon all
of this property many fine residences have been
erected, Mr. Kern having erected sixteen of
them himself. Mr. and Mrs. Kern gave a valu-
able block to the Uaby Home Association, of
wdiich Mrs. Kern is president. The association
has built a .Sti.OOd structure on it, and is carino-
for little homeless children until good homes
can be found for them at the age of thi'ee years.
It is a commendable charity, and the ladies
connected with it are doing a noble work.

Mr. Kern has just completed a beautiful home
for himself on the rise ofground, on which tlie
Kev. Clinton Kelly (Mrs. Kern's father) built
Ids first home on his donation claim. 'I'his
locality is a most pleasing one. as from the
heights can be seen the city of Portland and
the surrounding country. It is also a somewhat
historic spot, as it was to this liill that the set-
tlers came during the Indian outbreak and forti-
fied thiMiiselves, and were .accorded a most hearty
hospitality by Mr. Kelly.

The little clearing that the pioneer made was
in those days surrounded by a dense forest,
but now the lain! is all cleared off and the great
city stretclies out her arms to it, and elegant

liousog are socii on every side. Mrs. Kern's
father took this land from tlu' (ioverniiuMit in
1S48, and .\lr. Kern is reserving forty acres (d'
the old home8te;i I for a park around the beauti-
ful home.

Mr. and Mr>. Kern were married on the 7th
of April. Istil. Her maiden luime was Sarah
.M. Kelly and her father was a M<'thodist mini-
ster and one of < )regon'8 most honored pioneers.
Mrs. Kern has borne her husband nine (duldren,
of whom allbutone are living, and ;ill were born
in Midtnoinah county. Thoii' names are: Loyal
Klsworth, Mary M., Mildrid Laura. ClintonWill-
iani, Annie I'enuinbra, Eugenia S., lieatrice
Victoria, Vera Margaret, and the youngest a
child of si.x months, died in 1S88.

In politics Mr. Kern is a Republican, but is
ipiite independent in su(di matters. lie has
taken an active interest in school affairs. He
is a member of the Patriotic ( >rder of Sons of
America. He is a strictly temperaiu'e man, and
never so much as touidies a drop of anything
that intoxicates. He is a iileasant gentlenuin, a
good citizen and a successful business man, wlio
is highly respected by all who know him.

-^J^^^t^fe^

ILLIAM LKAN I) K 1{ (' U RTIS,
a widely and favorably known citizen of
Forest (4 ro'e, whose beautiful residence
property adjoins the Pacifie University grounds,'
is a native of X'ermont, born in Kichmond,
Chittenden county, March 14, IS 19. His par-
ents, Aaron and Annie (Hall) Curtis, both na-
tives of that State, an<l both desceiuled from
early settlers of New England. They had nine
children, three still living, our subject being the
fourth child and youngest son. In 1833 they
removed to Huron county, Ohio, where they
resided until the father's death in 1840.

Our subject early learned the carpenters and
joiners' trade, at which lie worked for a year in
Michigan City, Indiana, but within the year
returned to Ohio, remaining there as a mechanic
and farmer \intil 1871, when he came to Forest
(irove. Hero he purchased land adjoining the
city on the north, contiguous to the Pacific Uni-
versity, where he how has 105 acres of highly
improved property, and where he has farmed
and continuously resided since. He has erected
two handsome residences on this attractive site,
carefully preserving much of iti original beauty,

UISTOlir OF (lliKiKhy.

B87

Imving retftiiied iniiny of the liir^ogt and tiiicst
tii'us, wliicli ()if((r a pleasing view to tlio oyo,
» 111 II grtitrfiil rotront oii ii nultry <liiy. Mr.
thirtis' oliji-.t in moving to Koivst (irovc was
that liiB cliililrcn niifjht liavci tiic iidviiiitai^os of
tlio liiglicr (uliicatjoii of the univoivily, and his
son, William K., gradiiHted at tlilH institution
in tlic class of 1877.

^[^. t'lirtis was inarriod on DewnilH'r 20.
Isi2, to Miss Itoxy ,\iin S|uMiccr, a native oi
Oneida county, Now Vork, who was a daughter
of Nicholas Spencur, a hif<hly rcsjiectcd citizen
of that State. They have had four cliildrei), all
horn in ^'ork. Sandusky county, < )hio. I'Mward,
the I'ldest, graduated at college, is marriod and
has four soils, and resides in ("lackamas county ;
.lost>phine .Nfario.a graduate of Delaware College,
Ohio, is a widow of Mr. James Uoldi, and ic-
sid with her |iareiits; William Kodzie, a col-
U'gc graduate, is nuirricd and has two sous, and
rcsidifl ill M'lyton, ^'am Hill county, Oregon;
Ktnina Matililadied in infancy.

Mr. Curtis has iil'iliated with the lie|)ublican
party since it- organization, hut has never
aspired to otlice, preferring, rather, a retired life,
which 1ms been al)undautly filled with his husi-
ness and family interests.

He and wife are worthy members of the
Methodist Church, in which he has lield the
ottice of Rciiirding Steward for forty-three years
consecutively.

He and his faithful wife celebrated tlioir
golden wedding December UU, 1892, in a
(|iiiet way, and a marked event in the
family history. The children were all pres-
ent except the wife of Mr. Kedzie, and two
little ones, one of whom was sick, and a niece
raised in the family, living in North Dakota.
The aged ])arent8 were remembi led by the chil-
dren in presents, — the father by a lieavily gold-
mounted ebonv cane, and the mother by a pair
of gold spectacles and other presents received.
Their pastor and wife and other near friends out-
side the family were present. They are pursuing
the quiet tenor of their way, secure in the aft'ec-
tionate regard of a host of personal friends, the
respect of the community, and sustained by the
tribunal of a searching conscience.

^-m-^

•iON. JOHN ('. CARSON'S name is one
of the most illustrious in the iinnals of
Oregon'-- growth and |irospority. He was
Ujrii in Centre county, I'ennsylvanii

la, on Fehrii-

ary 30, lS3o. FIi> father Fames Carson, was
of Irish ance-tiy, who emigrated to the colonies
long before the lievolnfion. He settled in I'enn-
sylvania, and participated in the war for inde-
pendence. He married Sarah Cidslli\\aito, n
native of the Keystone State and of Kreneh an-
cestry. They ha<l eight children, of whom (Ivo
are living. Of this family, our subject, .lolin
Crosthwaiti' Carson, was the foiirlli Ho ninved
with his jiarents to IJichlund couiit\ , < Hiio, in
18;M. He attended s,'hool in llichlaud, later
entering the .Vshland Academy, abdiit Is It.*,
where he remained for three yea, -i nnder the able
tutorship of Prof. Andrews, afterward a briga-
dier general in the Union army, aiel the ])resi-
delit of Iveliyon College, from which President
Hayes grnduated. While attending college Mr.
Carson supported himself by working at the
r rpenters' triidr, which he had pi'evioii--ly ac-
()iiire I. He then eommeneed the studs ot medi-
cine with Dr. Kenneynian, of Ashland, Ohio,
coming with liini to California in ISoO, intend
ing to start a hospital in San I'rancisco. Tlu^
Doctor's ill health prevcMited the fulfillment of
this project, and he r. turned tn the Kast, Mr.
Carson troini' to the m . Idle fork of the .\meriean
river, where he engaged in digginggold. rroni
there he went to the Utviding diggings, where
for a time he kept the Monntnin House, located
on the Trinity moiintains. This house occupied
a site immediatelv on the trail of the miners,
« ho packed ovcm" the mountains. He had a sign
out, " Meals, one pasi) (dollar).'' He (onducted
this house for six mnnths, making soiin money.
He then came to I'nrtland, Oregon, where he has
since resided, dating his arrival in Septemlier,
18,M. I'eforo coming here, he had lueii sick,
and had spent his money, being without means
in a strange land. After looking around Port-
land for something to do, he went to Foster's
and engaged to teacli school. After teaching
for two weuks, the men who had hired him
(|uarreled, and he gave up the school. In com-
pany with another man be floated on a raft
from Church's mill to the (Mackamas bridge,
coining down in about two and a half hours, a
feat never before or since performed. He then
went to Oswego, where he worked at his trade
for nearly a year, at the end of which time ho
returned to j'ortland, where he ei-gaged in cor-
tracting and building until 18.")7. During t!iat
time he built many of the good houses of the
day, the one in which A. N. King resides being

i;,'i

r i 'M,

;*«.

i?i'5

n.'.s

nisronr of oiikoox.

tilt' liiHt, which WH8 (M'tctdl thirtv-tivo _v<'iii'Hii^<i,
unci the tthinnli-H witli wliicli his cuvercil it still
tuiti the nii;i. in 1^.")7 he erected thu fipHt door
iiiiij wihIi I'lii'tdfy in rottliitid, which wiih Hrnt lo-
ciiti'd at the foot of .Icirurson Btreet. Ill lH>>Ti
h(! iiioveij tlie I'Mctory to tlio foot of 1'' street, re-
liiitiiiiiio; tiii^re for three yciirs, when he removed
to hi> ])reseiit jociilitv on the corner of I'ronf
and S htreetM. lleriiiie has the niont extensive
estaiilisiinient of itH l^ilJ(l on tiie Northwestern
eoiihl. The IniBineBrt iu now principally wliolo-
Hide, anil the inanufactnres are nhijiped all over
the Nortliuest. lie is also interested iiiHsinii-
lar l)nsineH8 at (Jrant's I'ass in soutliorn Oregon.

In ISol li(> was nnirrieij to Miss i'ili/.alieth
Tailiot, a native of Kentnckv- They had one
dauj^hter, l.nella Clay. In l^STill tile devoted
wife anil mother died, lie married, in ISliO,
Mrs. Kli/.a A. Northroi), a native of the Sluteof
Indiana. 'I'iiey have live ehildren, all Imrn in
I'oitland. They are: Uose M., now the wife
of Mr. Kiijionc Stiiro;is, of Portln'iil; Kli/.aheth,
John I), and Fanny 1). The oldest daughter,
Luella ('., is a profeseoi- in the State nniversity.

Mr. Carson has invested in considerahle eity
iiri)|)erty, and has Imilt a hiinilsonie residence on
the corner of Nineteenth and J utreete, siir-
riiiiiided with heautifnl groiiiids, ornamental
tihrnbliery and all modern conveniences and ini-
pi'iivements.

lie is a mem'ier of the 1, (1. (). F., and is a
thirty-second dej^rce Scottish rite Mason. In
reiiij;ii>iis matters he is a Coiigrei^ationalist. In
polities he is a Kejinlilican, having had the honor,
with Senator II. W. Corltett and others, of or-
{^anizinif that party in ( )re^on, the meeting hav-
ing lieeii held in I'ortland, and liy its prineiiiles
he has ever since consistently stood. He was a
memlier and the I'rf sident of the Comninn Coun-
cil in l8.")o-'r)ri,and has several times since repre-
sented the Third Ward in that hody. lie was a
memU'r of the Hoard of Exjierts appointed to
effect a settlement hetiveen the United Stati's
(iovernment iind the Hudson's I'ay Company,
in ISO.'j-'Ot). After taking niueli testimony, they
made a rcjiort, which saved the United States
(iovernment several millions of dollars. In
187(' hi^ was elected t" the State Leijislatnre,
which jioeition he lias held almost continuously
since. In 1887 he was Pi ^sidont of the Senate,
and at the last two sessions of that hody, was
Chairman of the Ways and Means Commitfee.

A paralell might he drawn letween the his-
tory of I'.frtland and the life of Mr. CarHon, the

two having started from Binall U-ginniiigft and
both having accoinplished great things. The
poor young man of energy andahility; thuem-
liryo eity, with its possiliilities all unknuwn,
have run an emulative race, iioth an honor to the
State and to the world.

9~t.}-^r2«*-.43=i+«frJg-J

fAMKS II. lilJOWN.of Logan, (;iackaina8
county, is one of < tregon's worthy early set-
tlers, he ha\ ing come to the Territory in
185:!.

Mr. I'rown was horn in the State of Illinois,
.liiiietj, IHii. He was hereft of his fat'', i- by
dtath when only two years of age, i...>i was then
given hy his mother to Mr. .1. W. (Jihson to
raise. He, however, remained with Mr. (iibson
only six years, at the end of whicdi time he
crossed the plains to Oregon with Mr. Samuel
(". Uitchey. He was at that tiiiu^ in his ninth
year, and, although (]uite young, helped take
care of the stock; rode a horse and led one, and

made himselfgenerally n.sefnl. After a journey
of six months' duration, they arri\ed at I'ort-
land in safety, in the fall of 18."")3, and settled in
Washington county, two miles sontli (d

Hills-
biirougli. He resided there until he was six-
teen years old, and then started out to do for
him-elf. He was employed at farm work for a
time, tlien began to learn the trade of blacksmith,
and has worked at the blacksmith trade nearly
ever since. In 18(')5 he located in Oregon City,
where for two years he worked as a joiner. Then
lie came to Logan and ran a b1io|) at the mill. In
1871 he came to his present locality and pur-
chased the eight acres on which his residence
and shoj) are located. Here, by honest in-
dustry, he has made his living for twiwity-one
years, repairing and manufacturing for the far-
mers in his vicinity, and has thus been an hum-
ble, though none the less important, factor in
the improvement and development of the
country.

On the 4th of September, 18(57, he married
Miss Elizabeth McCubbin, a native of iSIissouri,
born in 1850. She came with her parents to
Oregon in 1852. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have had
four children, two sons and two daughters,
namely; Nancy Jane, now Mrs. S. W. Minton,
a resident of Marion county. Oregon; AVilliam
H., Charles Fred, and Klla I'earl, wdio died Jan-
nary 11, 18',tO, in her fourth year.

HisTonr OF oiifcaox.

For seventi'on ycnis Mr. Mrowii has l)eon a
Maxtor MaBoii, and iiioHt cif that tinio hax ))oon
an otlicor in ilio Iml^i'. 1 1 o is in |ii)iitiiiti a l)('iii-
ocnit, and lit iImh writini; liu is surviii^ his third
term hh S<'h()(d I)iri;ct(ir. Ilotii ho and liix wifo
are cliartor incMilMTH of tlm (iniUf^i', and i'min
time to time have held otHcn in it. Mr*. Brown
is a tnnmber of tho liaptint Church.

fQ. A. Y()UN(i, iin lionorod Orej^on pio-
neor uf IS47, aiid a proiniiuMit farmer of
* Washinj;;ton cniinty, was boiMi in Ch'r-
mont county. Ohio, duly 111, 1S28. His father,
Elani Younjr. was horn in tho State of New
York in 178'J, a di'sceiidant of tiif i'ilf^rim
f'athers. Ho was reari'd in ids native Ktatc,
and learne'l tlie tratle of niiliwri^lit. |)ui'ini;
til') war of lsl2 he onlistiMl liin M:r\ ice. and at
tlm l>attl() of l/Undy's Lane was wounded. In
ISlO he married Miss Irene Katon, wlio was
born in 1791, danj;;liter of Suniiiel Hiiton. the
Eatons being (JoniU'Cticut peojile, and after
their marriage thoy moved to Ohio, settling on
the frontier and there rearing their fninily of
eight children. Only two of the hiniily are
now living.

In 1847 tho fatlier and motlier and six cliil-
dren, tiie subject of our 8l<etch being tlio
youngest, started on the 7th of May to cross
tlui jdains with o\ teams. Their journey was
a.icndi'd witif" n.any hardships and diihculties.
They liad deep rivers to ford, buffalo herds to
encounter, anil steep mountain passes to climb.
One night twenty of their o.xen were lost, and
their long search in the morning for them was
fruitless. Often night overtook them where no
water was to bo found, and both the emigrants
and their oxen surt'ered from thirst. We regret
that want of space foriiids a minute description
of their journey; so, without further reference
to the er.i'ly part of their trij). we pass on to
where tl-.ey reach the Umatilla ri\er. There
Dr. Whitman met them and ga\e needed in-
structions as to the best way to reach the Dalles.
Ilis kind advice and encouragement at this time,
when it was co mucli needed, acted like "oil on
troubled waterb '" Mr. Young's father was em-
ployed by Dr. Whitman to go to the Whitman
station, thirty miles north, and liuild a grist-
mill for the ("ayuse Indians; so the fam'ly
started in that direction, and overtook a ^ir.

Saunders and his family, Mr. Saunders having
been employed l)y the doctor to teach school.
The next diiy they met Captain I'ewley coming
from the ntntion. lie had Ictt ids son, Crockett
A., and daughter. I.iiciiida, at Dr. Whitman's.
Mr. Young and his family remained iit the
station a week, and thrn went up in the mount-
ains, a disliiiice of about twenty miles, to got
out lumber for the mill and granary. Our sub-
ject's brother, James, was engaged by Dr. Whit-
man to haul lumber In the station, and a man
by tli(! name of Smith was sent up to cijt logs.
After they had been at work about si.x wi^eks,
Jameb was about ready to start ilown with a
load on Monday. Uaiii, however, |iM'\i)nlud
him from starting until the following iliiy.
They told him to bring hack some beef, as they
were about out. lie did not return when they
expected him, and they waited till the follow-
ing Monilay, in the nieantinii- living on salmon,
trout, and bread made of unliolied Hour. An-
other brother Daniid, then started down to >ee
why James li;id not returned. Upon reaching
the mission ho learned from the women that
were left, of tho massiicre of Dr. \\'hitinaii, his
wife and twelve otiiers, by the ('ayuso Indians,
.lames had been killed when within a mill of
the station, on the same <lay ho left the inouiit-
ains. The others were killed the day before,
Monday, Xovembor 2'.t, 1847. After Daniel
arrived, the Indians held a council to decide
what they would do with Smith and the Young
family, the result being that they sent Daniel
back to tell them to come to the station. lie
I'eached the caniji in the mountaiiiB about an
hour before" ,-unilown, and told the terrible
news. Half an lioui' later five bio- Indians, well
armed, came to see that they di<l not make
their C8ca])e. Feeling 'Iiemselves entirely within
the power of the Ted men, the next morning
they yoked up rlie oxen and started for the
mission, tho Indians bringing u|i the rear as
guard. They reached their destination a little
after dark, and wore at once shut up as prison-
ers in the sa ue room in which the Indians that
(lav had kil ed liewley and Sales. These two
men were sick at tho time of the massacre, and
when it tvas found they would get well, they
too ".Tire killed and were thrown out the back
joor. With these dead bodies lying near tho
house, tho floor covered wtth blood, the prison-
ers expecting soon to share a fate like that of
theii- friends, tho situation was indeed awful,
and can bettor be imagined than described.

B!si,;

i;l'

'i|i .

(MO

HISTORY OF OREOON.

At the tiiiif ol' tlio iiiM>.-iii'ri; the liiiiiiiiis i\l-
lacked all points ut once. Smiio of tlie settlerrt
were killing licet, others were workiii;^ in the
liliieksniith shop, and one was at work in the

iiill. The tea< lier was in the schoolroom with
his pcliolars. Dr. Whitman was in liis library,
roadinij. They shot the doctor thrunjrh the
head with a ])isfol, and that was the sijj;nal for
the awl'nl work to liegiii. After he lingered
several hours, they tomahawked him. Mrs.
Wliitniaii was wounded, as also was a Mr.

Rogers, who was at their house. The two tlow
up stairs, and with an old musket, pointc^d down
at the Indians, he kept them at hay for a time;
liiit when they Iward the Indians talk of tiring
the house, they went down, the Indians prom-
ising nf)t to kill them. However, they were
rid(lle(l with liullets. They lingered \intil after
(lark. Mr. Oshorti, his wife and thi'ee little
children, the youngest only a few days old,
were in a room liy themselves when they heard
the (ii'st I'cport. At once aware of what was
beiiijt done, he pulled n)i the tlooring and they
all crowde<l under the house, where they re-
mained secreted until night. They heard .Mrs.
AVliitman praying that night that the Lord
Would .sustain her jiarents in the great aliliction
that would sooi fall upon them. They heard
l\Ir. Mogers moan and say, "Come, Lonl .lesus,
cemc quickly,'" nnil then all was still. Later in
the niolit they raised the hoards and crept out
from Iheir hiding place, went down the Walla
AValla I'iver five uiifes and sccieted themselves
in the brush, and during the day they heard the
Indians passing \jp an<i down the trail. The
iie.xt nighl they traveled down the river toward
Fort Walla Walla. His vvife, with her infant,
was in no condition fo travel, -oon became ex-
hausted and could go no farther. He then hid
her and the childi'en in the brush, and he went
on to the fort (o procui'e assistance. The fort
was then held by the Hudson's May (Company.
Arrived there at noon, weak and hungry, Mr.
Osborn asked Captain McI5ane. wdio was in
Command, for a horse with which to go after
his wife and children, but the captain refused
to render him any assistance. lie gave him
some food and told him to go to I'matilla. but
not to come back to the fort. At this juncture
an artist, nameil Stanley, came up, and learning
(jf the situation, otfei'ud his horse. With an
Iiulinn as gui<le, and with a little meat and
some crackers furnished by Stanley, Mr. (*si>orn
returned tor his wife and children, and starved

with them for Umatilla, I'y this time Mrs.
Osborn was .so much exhausted from exposure,
fear and famine that she could not sit alone on
the horse, ami they tied her to the Indian.
Learning that some of the murderers' lodges
were near Umatilla, she lefused to go any
farther in that direction, >aying, •• I doubt if I
can live to get tliere, and if I must die I may
as well die at the gate of the fort." They theii
went to the fort, and were granted admittance.
The next day a man by the name of Hall, who
was working on the granary at AVhitman's, and
who was wouufled in the face, reached Fort
Walla Walla. Captain McHane refused to lot
him in, but let him have a small boat. In it
he started down the river, ami that was the last
seen of him. Saunders, the teacher, and the
two Sager boys, ,ageil tifteeii and seventeen
years, were among those massacred. Two boys
by tlio name of Mason, who were at school,
made their escape on horseback to Fort Walla
Walla. Dr. WMiitman had adopted >ix children,
whose parents had died in crossing the iilains,
four girls and two boys. These two were the
Sager boys who were killed.

The day following the massacre, Vicar-Gen-
eral IJronlett went to the mission and had the
victims interred. lie went there to baptize
some of the murderers' children. That fall a
priest and some nuns had made their station on
the rmatilla, among Whitman's Indians, and
the emigrants were puzzled to know how it
came that the Catholic priest?- were exempt
fi'om harm during this time of trcjnble.

A bhicksmith by the name of Caniield was
wounde<l in the side, made his escape and
struck the trai! that went east to the Nez I'erces
Indians, where Ilev. H, H, Kpalding had a mis-
sion, liy traveling at night and hiding in the
daytime, he reacheil the mission and lold Mrs,
Sjialding of the massacre. Rev, Spalding had
a mission on Snake river, at Lapwai, 120 miles
fiom Whitman's station, and they had been
over to the Umatilla to visit some sick Indians
who ha<i sent ior them. Dr. Whitman went
home on Saturday, and Mr, SpaMing remained
until th(( following Tuesday, As the hitter was
returning he met the priest, Broidett, An In-
dian soon jiassed them, and the priest then told
Spalding of the njassacre, and als(( told him to
avoid passing the mission on his way home.

The release of the prisoners was nurehasecl
by I'eter S. Ogden, of the Hudson's Hay Com-
pany, who came from I'ort Vancouver to i''ort

niHTOkY oh' onmfON.

Wiilla WiiUa, ami <;Hve the Iiidiiiiis blankets,
biitchei'-kiiixes and aininiiiiition in exchange tor
the whites. December 81. before dayliifht, Mr.
Voung and his party started with ox teams tor
the fort, reaching it about an honr after dark.
They wen all put into one room, and were bo
crowded that it was tliflicnlt to find sleeping
room on the Hooi'. Captain McHane allowed
the Indians in the iiiclosure that nisi^lit, and
their war dance was kept up until after mid-
night. The captHin came to our friends and
eaid: ''Yon mnst not say iiere what you think
was tlie cause of the massacre, for those very
walla have cars.'' Mr. Spalding and his family
had joined the people at the furt. It should
liere be stated tiiat ht' left hi« daojichter, Kli/a.at
Whitman's while be made the journey above
referred to, and she was among those taken
prisiKier.

New Yeairg, the daw foli»>winii their arrival at
the fort, til* whole party started down the
Columbia river in three batteaus, with crews of
Canadian Krenchmen. Mr. Ogden, the chief
factor in the cumptwi . being in the leadinjf
boat. The party was composed of sixty-two
persons, ranginy- in age from one to fifty-seven
years. Tlwy ran the Dalles in safety, on two
occasions made j)ortaf{e of a mile or so, and in
due time arrived ut Fort Vancouver, snifering
froin cold and exposure, but gla<l of their
escape. They remained tiiere one day, and then
embarked in two Imrges for Oregon City, their
destination, which tlvf-y reaHjed without further
inisiuip.

At Oregon City Mr. Vuung's family secured
a small, one-roofo ^lianty, into which tiiey car-
ried the few little bundles 'iiey had brought
with them. Our subject and his brother Daniel
obtaitied a contract to cut twenty ci-rds of wood
for Mr. Stewart, a blacksmith. Later his brother
worked in a sawmill, his fatltw made patterns
for a fonndrymnn. and he ma<h- a.v ijtsaidles witii
a butcher-knife and sold them to the stores, re-
ceiving in payment "Oreywii *Ti[>,"' money
issued by the mercliaiits. Tiws foil. iwing spring,
M.iy l(t, 184^<, they reoio '^d to the Tualitin
plains, in Washington coiiirty, and in the fall of
1849 they settled on wliat is now the T. L. Mc-
P^ldorony place. In tlw ineantime. through the
volunteers who went to fight the Indians, they
recovered two of their i-ows and one ox. Here
the fathei- died, in his sixty-r-cventh year, and
the liiother i;j her .-ev.Mitv-fuiirth. Jloncst, in

dustrious, ho8pital)le and kind-hearted people,
they had the respect and esteem of all who
knew them.

Here, December 25. 18o(), .1. (.). .\. Vouni;
mari'ied Klizabeth C'onatable. a native <if I'mtcs
county. .Missouri, born duly 1. Is K). da\ighter
of Barton Constable, who died of cholera while
on his way to Oregon, in 1^52. Her father's
death occurred on the 3d of June, and on the
IHh of September the baby died. Her mother
died before they started West. Thus ti\e or|)lian
children wen* left, the oldest then oidy twelve
years of age, and tlR>y were cared for the rest of
the journey by a nephew of Mr. ('unstable.
Mr. and iMrs. Voung have had eight children,
as billows: James D., William B., Jasper H.,
Abraham Lincoln, Lowell .\.. I'Vank ('.. Mar-
tha, Kliy.abeth and Mabel .Line.

As the years passed by and the country be-
came settled. .\lr. Voung saw the dawn of
brighter days. He has given to each of his
children a tract of land, and retains for himstilf
fifty-seven acres, which is six miles from Port-
land, on which he is raising fruit. He ami his
good wife are members of the Methodist i'lpis-
copal Church, of which he is ;i Trrstee. I'olit-
ically he is a Rejiublican.

ILLIAM S. ARNOLD. A. M., Pro

fessor of Natural llistorj and English
Litttrature at Willan\ette University, is
a mitive of Hampshire county. Nirgiii'", bni'n
November .id, 184-. His lather, .-olinioii
.Arnold, was also rt native of Vin-'iniii, but I'mik.'
left an orphan in childhood, knew little of his
ancestry. In early vdiitii he was thniwn upon
his own resources, anil clio.se the traile id' a stone
mason, in which he became \ cry proficient, con-
tracting for all kinils of stonework and masonry.
His wife was a member of the l-!niar family, of
Scotch lineage, and well known in Maryland;
her father was an inn-keeper in colonial days,
when the hotels were hicaled a day's journey
aiiart. He was on thi' line of the national turn-
pike, between Baltimore and the Ohio river.
Solomon Arnold was a I'nion num. and upon
the breaking out of the civil war. sacriliced his
houic and removed to White county, Indiana,
where he lived during the lebeilion. His uib'
ilied February 3. IStU. but at I he close of tin*
lidstilitier- he returiUMi with the surviving mem-

':^F^mm

802

niHTORT OF OltEQoN.

liers ofliis fHinily to tlic^ scenes i)f liis boyliood,
whicli by ilivision had bcoorne ^^inerill comity,
West X'iif^iiiiii; liei'e be resided until his deiitli,
June 10, 187<l, iiged sixty yeai's. 'V\w early
education of William S. Arnold wan soc.ured in
the |)riiiiitiv(! pioneer school sessions of three
iiiontlis durine- the winter. These 0|)|)(jrt unities,
liowcver, were cut oil liy the reverses of his
father, and at the nuy of lifteen years lie began
iissistinc/ in the su|)[iort of the family. lie re-
moved with his father, in 18tJl, to Indiana, and
was en^nired in farining until .J uly 1."), IStiii,

when tli( uiitry was aroused bv the approach

of Morjran's forces. Voiinir .Vriiold then enlisted
in Company iv,()Me Hundred iind Sixteenth Indi-
ana X'oliinteei- Infantry, and was sent to Tenti-
C8i»ee, where lie was chielly on i^nard duty
nlonff the railroads and in the nionntain jiasses.
He was honorably discharired .Nfareh 2, 1804, and
re-enlisted Jaiuiary "JH, 180."), in Company (t,
One Ilundreiland Fifty tirst Ueo;inient, Indiana
Volunteer Infantry. He was atrain sent to east-
ern Tennessee, and was stationed at Tullalionia
on f;iiard duty, beiiij^ dischai'i^ed Sejitember
I',l, 18(i."j. He then returned to Indiana.

Kealizinir the necessity of further educational
advaiitai.res, than bad ever bei'ii irranted him. he
applied the inonev lie had saved dnriiiif the war
to this purpose, lie entered the I'attle Gi'onnd
Collci;iate Institute, the old baftle-ijronijd of
Tippecanoe, where he remained until 1808,
passinu- bis summer vacations in the study
of peMmaiishi|) and business methods at East-
man's and Ibyant iV Stratton's l{usines8Collefj;es,
Chicago. In 1808 he took a short course at
Asbiiry rniversify, (4reencastle, Indiana, after
which he took eharee of the intermeiliate de-
partment of the lii'ookstone (Indiana) Academy.
He remaiiu'il tlieri' one year, at the end of wiiieb

laiia, where ne

year, at tl:
time he went to Wanatab, hid
oro;unized the e;radeil schools; he was connected
with the schools there until 1871. when he be-
jran pursuiiiif the classical course at tlm North-

western I'

niversi

ty.I

xanston

|{vtc

ig in the university and during the summer

mai

ifraduated with the class oi

nap'd to complete this

dejrri

A. I!

le class of 1S70, receiving the
He next t;iui,'hl in the I'ryant
iV Strattou and in the .Met ro|)olifan Business
l!o!lege8 in Chicaoo, and in 1877starti'

of his own in

liartnorshiii with H. M. Worth

idiool
ng-

ton. .\fter 1^<Tm be conducted this school alone

as t!ie

l''v!inston Hiisiness (Jollege. He w(

placing it upon a tirni fc

dat

trustees of Willamette University oifered him
the chair of Natural History and English Liter-
ature, requesting also that he organize a busi-
ness course for the uni\ersity. He accepted
the projiosition and cniue at once to Salem,
(M-gaiii/ing in September, 1880. the business
course which he has conducted with marked
success, in connection with his other lessons.
In point of connection with the university
Prof. Arnold Is the oldest member of the
faculty.

In 18sO the Northwestern I'liiversity con
ferred the degree of A. M. u|ton liim, an honor
which bis alma mater was proud to pay.

Pn'' ', I'old was married at Evanstoii, Illi-
nois, ! il; '■'', 1881, to Miss Alice L. Misner,
and of \\\u union four children have been born:
Frances Alice, Ella Agnes, Myrtle Marguerite
and William Wallace. The family reside at the
corner of Center and Winter streets, where they
own a handsome home. Professor Arimld is a
member of the A. (). V. W. I'or many years
he has been Steward of the Methodist Episcopal
("hurcli, and a successful instructor in the Sab-
bath-school, of which he was Superintendent for
three years. In all educational and moral work
he has taken a deep interest, and ranks among
the most nroininent citizens of his State.

ion when II

d-'.NRY HAKIJER, senior member of the
\\M\ firm of Barber i^: Hill, ii prominent busi-
^/ ness house of East Portland, was born in
Albany. New York, July 13, 18:!2. His father,
(ieorge Barber, was a native of Schenectady,
that State; his ancestors came to America before
the Uevolntion. Our subject's grandfather,
Ualpli Barber, served as a soklier in tlia war for
independence, and was killed at the battle of
Monmouth, (ieorge Barber married Hannah
Keith, a native of Newark, New Jersey, ami bad
five children, of whom two only are now living. '

Mr. Henry Barber, the youngest son in the
above family, and the third child, was reared
in New VorK until he was nineteen years of age.
soon after which date he enlisted in theainiv
and a little later came by water to (Jalifornia.
landing at San Francisco in June, 185i$. lie
served as a soldier live years in ('(uiipany M,
Third United States Artillery. In 18.")'.-) he
came to Oregon and fought in the Indian war.
.Vt the battle of White river lie was shot through
the leg, but be was in the hospital only ten days

iiisrour OF ()/i/-;'i<K\.

W>:\

He was honorably discharger], and then ho
located on a donation claim at, Uaflon. (Meai'ine;
ofE liiti land, he took tiie timber to Oak Point
and Astoria. AVhile he was cn^faijed in this
business he lost a bartre and a vahialtle raft by
a stone in the bay.

In 18(50 he eiime to Multnomah county, and
was married to Miss A[argaret Ann Uodiek.
For two years he was engaged in (iovernnient
surveyini^, and then became to Portland, where
he vvas for a time in the ein|)l(iyment of the
Willamette ^fijl ('(impanv. Then he came to
East Portland, and was for nineteen years in the
em])loy of II. A. Iloyne, the period ending with
July i"), 18711. He tiien started in the \inder-
taking and embalming business, on the corner
of Fourth and I streets, whei'e he operated until
1891. when he moved into bis present rooms in
the nicest business blcjck in East i'oi-tlaiid, iiuilt
by his son-in-law, Mr. Ilolman. and named the
Jhirber Block. Here he has without exception
the finest undertaking rooms in the Northwest,
if not on all the coast. The firm of Harber iSi
Hill was organized November 1, 1891.

^[r. Hill, the junior meml)er of the firm, is a
first-class, praclical einiialnier, and undertaker,
and has a diploma fii,m the ITtiited States Col-
lege of Embalniiiig.

Mr. and Mrs. Itarliei' have had two ebildi'ei).
both iiorn in Portland. Their eldest daughter,
Julia Ann, is the wife of Edward Ilolman; ami
their younger daughter, Hannah, married H. ('.
Whitley. Mrs. Harber died June 4, 181(0. She
was an carlv settler of Oreiron, and a irood and
laitlilul wife and mother, being greatly beloved
liy her family and friends.

In politics Mr. P/arber is a liepublican, and
he is a reliable and worthy pioneer and business
man.

fAII. llli.TinUAM). who lias been a
worthy ami successful resident and farmer
of I'olk county for foityseveii yeai'.s, came
to his present location iti lS-15. He was born
in Ohio, June 7, 18:.';1 His father, John, was
born in (ierniany, and came to .America in
17118, anci settled in Pennsylvania with his
father, Jacob. He served in the war of 1812,
and was wounded in the wrist bv a gunshot
in the famous liattle of X.^w Orleans. Here
n.ove(| to Kentiicky, where he I'esided until tiie
tone of his death, wlii<'h occurred NoveinlK>r 7,

18(!7. He was a Hajitist in I'eligion, and was a
worthy, good man. He had in'cn twice mar-
ried; his first wife, <(ur subject's mother, die(l in
IMti. P.y her he had eight chihlren, only three
of whom are now livino.

Our subject was reared in Ohio until his
eleventh year, when they removed to Kentucky,
where he resided until he came to Oivgon, in
1845. He was in his twenty-third year when
he made the trip, in comjiany with Stephen and
Isaac Staats ami others. They were a set of
brave young men, and have all proven them-
selves worthy Oregon picuieers. I'hey made a
safe and pleasant journey of seven months and
si.xteen days, counting from the time ihev left
St. Joseph, Missouii, until they arrived in Polk
county. They arrived at llickreall, near the
jiresent site of Dallas, November 14, Ho re-
mained here three w(<eks, and then cann; to jiis
present location, wbei-e he took up tiKI acres of
land. Here he built a little liewn-log hut.

He was married .July iJ, 1SK3, to Miss Eva-
line Tetherow, daughter of Solomon Tetherow,
who was the captain of the company witli
which our subject orosseil the plains, and it was
to the captain's experience anil ability that th<!y
owed tlieii' esc:i])e from the Meek's cut-otf. He
advised going noi'tli, and striu'k off with his
own learns, and the others followed. Mrs. Ililti-
bi'aiid was born in .Missouri, March ".'7, 1^28.
Her parents settleil on their donation claim, and
were honored and respected until their death.
Mr. and Mrs. Hiltibrand settled on their first
donation (daim in 184t). one mile north of his
present home, and after a year he sold his right
and |)aiil ><)j(l() for the right to his pi'csent fai'in.
He bought it from .Mr. Porter Lock. Here he
has lived, laboi'cil mihI im|iroved his farm, and
made of his donation <daim one of the tine
farms of the county. He lias aildcMl 4<>f') acres
to his original farm, making him, in all, the
owiu-r of over l,10lt. Tlie j)i'operty has in-
creased in value until it is now worth sjitl) an
acre. At first oui' subject dealt largely in
stock-raising, but later he has been engaged in
general farming in addition to the former pur-
suit. Mr. anil .Mrs. Hiltibrand have h;id five
children, namely: Savinu, now Mrs. Outhouse,
a widow, who re-ides in i,i (Jrande; Itl'a Eliz-
a!)etli, now Mrs. Marshall Schoti(dd,rosiiiea with
her parents; James is on a pirt of the farm;
ami .lohn W. is also on the farm. Thnse eliil-
dren were all born on this firm. Mr. and .Mrs.
Hiltibrand are nuunbers of tiio ("umlnrliiid

004

UrSTOHT OF OREGON.

I'lx'.-liytci'iiin Cliiircli. in whicli lie has lii'uii iin
HliliT iiiiil (Mt'ik, and ismifot its substantial j)il-
lars. His jiolitics aru Duinoci'alic, but lin has
ItL'fii rctii'iiii."; and lias attended to liis own atl'airs,
HO has not liij;iiiud innch in ])olilic8. lie has
lived a K(Pod, industrious life; made a oood
rceonl as a citizen, livud at peace with iiis
iu'ij,'lihnr>, and now he and his wife are enjoy-
ini^ the even itii;; of their lives in tlie shade of
their own vine and Kg tree. May tiiey he
spared many years to enjoy the fruit of tiieir
united laiiors.

#g.

s^f..

LVKl^

is among the rising yoniig at-
torniiys of the city of Mu^'ene. He was
_^ horn in jMiller county, Missouri, May 2i,
lS5;i. His parents, Joseph aiul Anna (Osliorn)
Hilyeii were natives of Teniiesgee and Hlinois,
respectively. (For detailed sketch of parents
see hiograjihy of William K. I'.ilyeu, which fol-
lows.)

\,. Hilyeii crossed the j)lains with his pai'cnts
in ISG'J, and afterward attended school in Wash-
ington county, and completed his studies at the
i'acitic University at I'orest <irovc. He was
elected Superintendent of Schools in 187<) for a
period of two years. Whiie Httending to the
: ities of liis otiice he began to study law in the
orticc of .ludge R. 8. Strahan, of Albany, and
was admitted to tlie bar in 1877. Jle then en-
t4'red into piii'tnei'shii) with .iudne Strahan. and
i'esi<led in Albany until 1882, when Mr. Dilyeu
o[icneil a bnnudi otiice at Fui^ene. Tlie]iartncr
shlii continu(Ml until Jmlee .Stralian was elected
Cliiof .Justice of Oregon, when tli(; partnership
dissolved, }\r. Hilyeu continuing the general
|irac,tiee at P^ugene. In t8s4 he was elected l)y
the Democratic party to the State Legislatui'e,
and served tlnough the regular and special
sessions. He was apjiointed Chairman of the
('(immittee on Corporation, and was a member
(d' the Judiciary Comuiittee. In ls8() he was
ri- elected, and duriiiif that session obtained an
aiiprojiriMtion of $:J(),()0() for the Univer.sity of
Oregon, which was used ii> constructing wiiat is
known as "Villard Hall." He was also reap-
pointed Chuirniau of the Committee on (Joi'pcj-
ration, whore he |)erformed valuable .-ervice.
He has serveil four terms as Co\incilman of
Kugeue, and by the appointment of (lovernor
IVniioyer, he is a member of the State ISoard of

E(]ualizati(in for the Second Judicial i)i>trict,
and is Democratic nominee fur reeh'ction in
June, 181t2.

Among the most prominent of his cases we
cite the Vj. E. C!hrisinan will case, he being at-
t(jruey for tlic cont('stants. The ([n((stions in-
volved were "testamentary capacity and undue
iuHuence,'" and after j)assing through the highei'
courts of the State, the will was sustaineil and
was thus settled. The law that tiie "burden of
proof must be established by the pro])onents,"
was established in this suit. As member of
the State i'oard of K(|ualization in 18112 he de-
fended the action of the Board before the State
lioard of Ta.\ I-evy, comprised of the (iovernor,
Secretary of State and State Treasurer, who
were about to ignoi'e the .iction of the Doard of
Ei|ualization, but through ^Ir. iiilyeu's able ef-
fort the action of his board was sustained.

He was married in Albany in lS78toMiss
Margaret Irvine, of Linn county, a daughter of
Hon. 11. A. Irvine, pioneer of 1852. They
have one chihl, Coke I.

Mr. Hilyeu is a Knight Templar, !•". & A. M.,
and a charter mendjer of Ivaidioe Cominandery,
Xo. 2, of Eugene. He resides on the corner of
Eincoln and Seventh streets, and also owns val-
uable acre property adjoining town and in East
Portland.

^ON. WILLIAM 11. lilLVKU, City At-
fMj toruey of Albany, Oregon, was born in
*;^ Miller county. Missouri, in 1817. His
father, Josepli Itilyeu, a native of Tennessee,
ami of French descent, emigrated with hisparents
to Illinois when he was only ten years of age.
He was reared on the farm, and at mature years
was married to .Miss Anna Oshorn. .'\boutl8-40
they removed to Alissouri and settled in Miller
County, engaging in farming and stock-raising.
In 18(52 he gathered together his jiossessioiis and
witii his wife jind seven children started forOre-
gon, their "jirairie schooner" being drawn by
horses. Arrived in Oregon, he purcluHcd a farm
of 360 acres near Hillsborough, in Washington
county, and reside<l on it until 18I)P), when ho
reiH ived to Polk connry. and in I8ii8 to Linn
county. Selecting a place near Scio he bought
320 acres, established his homu and engaged in
farming, remaining there until 18S8. He then
sohi out and purchased ;)00 acres, six miles east
of AlWiy, where he now re.sides.

uisToiiY (!!■' on /■:(!( ly.

WK>

William K. was c(iiicated at I'aeilic Univor-
i^ity, Forest (irovc, g"i(hiiitiiiir in 1S73. lie
tlion taiiifjit school in .\[aiion county two years.
In Is7i5 lie bej^au r'adinjf law in tlie otHcc of
Mallory iV Shaw, at Sali'iii, and the folhjwiiiir
year was admitted to till' iiav. He was, however,
engac^ed in nieehanieal pursuits until 187U,
wiien he liei^an the jiractiee of law at Albany,
entering into partiiershij) with Judge .1. ('.
Powell, and continuing with him six years. At
the end of that time they dissolved partuersiiip,
and Air. liilyeu has since lieen alone. In 1878
he was elected 'o the State Senate by the Demo-
eratic party. Durino his term of service he in-
troduced the mortgage tax law, which was carried
and, although having strong ojiposition, is still
in force. He was also active in measures per-
taining to State insurance laws. In 1882 he
was re elected fur four years. He introduced the
bill regarding methods of distribution of school
funds, and secured such legislation as would give
the smaller districts a certain amount of money
without regard to enrollment of pu])ils, the rest
to be divided pro rata. In 1S86 he reauined
practice in Albany. He was chairman of the
convention that gave Sylvester I'ennoyer h.i.s
first nomination for (iovei-nor. In 1888 Mr.
P>ilyeu was nominated as one of the Pemocratic
Presidential Klectors, and he stumped the State
for Clexeland. In danuary, 18'J1, be was electeil
City Attorney ot Albany, and was re-elected the
f.illowing year.

He was married at Gorvallis in 1883 to .Miss
Mary K. (ioldson, a native of Mississippi, and has
two children, Charles T. and Walter R.

Mr. I'ilyeu is a member of the blue lodge,
cha|)ter and cominandery. F. it A. M., and the
rniform Kank, K. of 1'. He ..wns vnhiablo im-
]>roved jiroperty at .X'l.ni,- and In<le|iemlence,
and among the legal p .ii'.'bsion enjoys the cimti-
deiico of his associates and the esteem of a large
aerjuaiMtance.

-'-^-^1

fOIIN G. F.OOS, the popular Mayor an<l
business man of Forest (imvc, is ji native
of Wisconsin, where he was born .Septem-
ber 24, 1852. He is of (ierman ancestry, his
father, J. J. Boos, having come from that coun-
try to the Ignited States in 1847. He located
in Wisc(]nsin, when-, like many othei-s of his
nationality, he has coniributed mateiially to the

growth and ])n»perity of the country by his
habits of industry and economy. He married
Miss C/atharine \Veitzel, and thev had twelve
childreii, seven ut' whom are iiirw li\ ing, all in-
dustrious and reputable citizens of tlii> country.

The subject of this sketch was the lifth child,
and was reaixvl and educated in his native State,
where he learned the tinners" trade, working at
it for five years, after which he was for three
years engaged in business for his father in
Nebraska. At this time, hearing favorable re-
ports of the extreme oS'oi'tliwest. ]n'. concln(|ed
to try his fortunes in that more genial dime.

Act'ordingly, in 1877, we tind him beginning
business in l-'orest (irove, in a small way as
comjiared with the large business his tirm are
now doing. He commenced as tinner and
dealer in stoves, but by close application to
businees. and by liberal methods, he was so
gretly prosjiered that in 18S5 he engaged in a
general niercbamlise business, including wagons,
carriages and farming implements. He is now
conceded to have the largest mercantile enter-
prise in the city. Ills success is in a great
measure due to his liberality and intert'st in the
general welfare of his favorite city, having
taken advantage of every oi)j)ortunity to lift her
\ip and tide her over all obstacles wiii(di might
have proved shoals of disastei'. In return he
has been swept along by the general wave of
|)rosperity, until he is now safely established on
the tirm foundation of commercial worth.

Mr. Ileitzhau.sen," hie brother-in-law, i.- the
other member of the firm, who is a careful,
honest and able business man, giving idose at-
tention to the details of the business, thus
elHciently aiding in the prosperity of their en-
teriirise.

Mr. i>oo> has emphasized his faith in the
future bright prospects of bis favorite city by
investing, from time to time, as his means would
permit, in choice city and adjacent ('ountry
property, having now miieb valuable real estate.
Hesides this he owns a large (|uanlity of sto(d\
in the Forest (Jrove Stone Company, of whi<di
he is president. Tiiis eonipanv has an inex-
haustible (piarry (d' I hie sainlstnne, located five
miles from l''orest (irove. I'hey are now en
gaged in cutting the stone, which i-nterprise is
destined to be of very great value

He was marrierl on ( )ctuber ti. 1*^7™, to Miss
A. T. Heitzhaiiseii. his partner's sister, a most
e^timalile youiio- lady. 'I'hey have hail siv; cliil-
dien. live of whom are now living; l^dward .1.,

000

IHsrnllV (IF OUKCdS.

:'•

i'i ; ■; ■ -E

, ^- ;■ .1::

Pniiliim. Williniii, I^iuira K. and (teorge Ernest;
a l)Oiiiitiful (langlitur, Lillie, ilii'il in lici- ninth
year.

Ill) is a llupiililiciin in politics, and as an iii-
dorseinmit of liis worth his constituents have
elected him to the higiicst office in tlu^ gift of
the iiMuiifipality, in wliieii ca|)acity ho is serving
nhly, rctlcctiiig credit alike on himself and the
excellent jiidj,'inent (jf his party. The honor is
all the more tlatterini,' heeanst' it was bestowed
nna>i<('d and nnsonj^dit liy him.

He is a worthy memhci' of the I. < ). (), F.
aTid .\. (). U. W., holdiiijr in the latter fratern-
ity the otlico of Past Mastei-.

A favorahle conelnsion is so easily drawn
from the record of this honorahle career, that it
is perha|)s impertinence to jioint ont more fully
his woi'(hine.-s to he the ri^cipient of the highest
respect and esti'eni uf his fellowincn.

[OIIX \l. I'OOTIl, a prominent citizen of
McMinnville, was horn in Iowa. Xovembcr
1!), 1844, and in 1.847 he was hronght hy
lis father, in emitjration, to this State. His
father. Richard iiooth, was horn in I'',ngland,
Septemher :i(), ISlli, and cam<' to America when
a hoy. Novcmhor 17, 1S4U, he married Miss
Margiiret Itontzon, a native of < )liio, and had
four children before ho came to Oregon, namely:
Zebuda Jane, Sarah Alice, John Uoutzon (our
>nl)ject) and Mary Kli/.aheth. With his wife
and children he crosscil the plains to this State
in 1S47, with teams of oxen and cows, and thus
he had a su|)ply of rnilK dnring the journey.
He was six months on the journey, arriving in
Vain Hill cotinty dnring the last of November,
and settling on the donation land claim, on
which his son (the subject of this article) now
resides, two miles east of >[cMinn\ ille. This
was, of course, a choice tract of land, and with
the improvements nuide ujioii it by the enter-
prisin;^ iiroprietors, it has Ijccome one of the
best lionic-in thecounty. During the first eigli-
teen years he. with his family, lived in a lo<f cabin.
After his coming to Oregon he had eight tnoi'e
children. His wife died in 18()."), and May l.'J,
1H88. he followed into the eternal future, in his
seventy-tirst year. He was an honest and I'e-
speetable citizen. The mimes of his chihircii
born here are; William .1.. now a n^sidcnt of
Tillamook' county; H'Mijamin M.. itichard S.

and \V(!st (). are in the State of Washington;
.(ose|)h A. (]. resides near i'endleton, rmatilla
county; Margaret L. is the wife of .!.('. Pen-
nington, residing on the old homestead; N. S. I',
is in Vacpiina, Benton county; and Clarence C.
is in Washincrton.

The gentleman whose name heads this sket(di,
on attaining maidiood, rented lainf for two years,
and then ])urclniscd eight acres, then twenty-
seven, and forty, as lie was able; ami btinga
tenth heir of the old homestead, he purchased
the interest of five of the others, and he now
lias un aggregate of 188 acres of valuable land
near tlio city. In 1890 he built a'nice farm
residence. His industry and cloje attention to
business has been rewarded with very satis-
factory results. Ho is both a grain and a stock
farmer. In order to make a market for his
cattle, he, in conijiany with S, J. Ilibb?, ojioned
a meat nnirket uiuler the iirin name of Booth &
IIil)hs. The latter hat- since retired from the
firm and Mr. Bootli is carrying on the business
alone, having a large trade in AIcAfinnville.
Mr. Pooth is a charter member of the Grange,
and lias served as its Master, and also has aided
in building the (Grange hall and wareliouse, and
he is a stock-holdei' in tlieii' store. In his poli-
tics he is a liepublican. and he has ever lu^en in-
terested in the educati(Uial affairs of his district;
Inis ser\-ed as School Director. He is an enter-
jirising and successful business man, deserving
and enjoying the good-will of his fellow-citizens.

His brother-in-law, <I. C Pennington, is
County Treasurer of Yam Hill.

April 8, iHtiS, is the date of his marriage to
Miss Ellenette Olds, a native of Michigan, and
the daughter of Air. .\aron K. Olds. .Mr. and
Mrs. I'ootli have one daughter, I'ertha L., who
is now the wife of Fred Ilibbs, her father's
partner in the meat market.

-^^(ifnif.^--

A=3_

fENKV W. PKETTVMAN came to Ore-
gon in 1847, and is a native of Delaware,
being born in that State .Inly iil, 18;jy.
His father. Dr. Perry Pretfyman, was a native
(jf the same State, but his ancestors were Entr-
lish and came to this country previous to the
Kevolutiou. Dr. Prettyman married Elizabeth
Vessels, a native of the same State. Some time
after their inarriago tliey removed t ) Missouri,
in 1^12, where they lived Hm' years, and then
with his wife, f(jur sons and a daughtei- he

ttlSroiiY OF OliKaON.

I)U7

crosHCil tlic pliiiiis to Ori'iroii. The nMrst sou,
Diiviil, U118 ill liis hovetitt'cnfli yoa,v, iiiid hiiiiiul
L. ill hia fourti'i'iith yt'iir. Tliciriiiuii;litui', Hes-
ter, (lieil 6i)(iM iit'tiT tlu'ir iirriviil in tliiit Stiitc.
IJfiiry W. was in liiu I'ii^litli year, ami Wiiliiiin
1). was (inly six months (dd. Tlii'y lixcd in
Orejron City two years, and then selected for
their donation claim, section 6, township ranf;e
2 east, jnst three and onedialf miles east of the
center of the city of Portlaml. There were then
just two men on the east side, .1. 1!. Stevens
and the llev. Clinton Kelly. Tlieeity of i'ort-
laiid then consisteil of one frame house and si.x
log cahiiis. They, followinir the e.\ainple of the
others, hiiilt a elieaj) log house, cut ii road
throuirli the forest and hegan pioneer lile. Ui-.
I'rettyman had practiced medicine five years
before coming to Oregon, and he continued the
practice here thirty-five years, going to the sick
on horseback, far and wide, all over the State,
by day and night, treating the rich and the
poor alike.

lie was born March 2'J, 1790; was married
December 25, 1825; studied in I'altimorc,
Maryland, for a botanic |)hysician and met with
remarkable success in his |iractice. After he
had lived on his land for some time, and the
country began to We settled, lie said to his sons;
" 1 shall live to see this land worth iSlOd an acr(^;
you will live to see it worth more." Before his
death it had become worth SiiOO an acre. lie
sold some of it otl in small tracts, divided it up
between his sons, and now the taxable valuation
has reached sexeral millions of dollars, and the
laud sells for from $2,500 to 80,000 an acre. It
lies just between East Portland and JtountTabor,
and is all luiilt over with beautiful residences.
Dr. Preltyman died in 1872, and his wife only
survived him n year, lie was a Ke|)ublicaii, one
of Oregon's most reliable and worthy pioneers.

Henry W. I'rettyman was their third child,
and was reared on the farm attending the])ublk'
schools. lie engagcil in the nursery Imsiness
on his own account, in a small way, in 1872, and
made it the vocation of his life. Kecently he
retired from active busines>, having made a snug
Utile fortune. During the time he was in the
nursery business it grew into a large enterprise.
Wlien he retire<l he had a stock of over 200.000
trees, and the property sold for a large amount
besides.

lie has built a beautiful residence on an emi-
nence facing the city of Portland. Itstandson
the laud on which the family settled in 18-tU.

twenty acres of this, now \cry valuable land,
surriiiinds the house for groun(l>. He has other
houses and farms in Powell valley.

Mr. Prettyiiiaii married Uacliel D. \andevert,
in 18(18, She is a daughter of William V'aude-
vert, and was a native of Iowa. They came to
< •legon ill 1.S52, across the plains.

Mr. and .Mrs. Prettyman are members of tlit«
Methiidist Church, and lake an active |iart in
the (diuich work. Mr. Preltyman has been
very successful in all his nndeitakings, and he
and his wife are highly esteemed in llie coiinlry
ill which they have so' long lived.

-=»«

>■••*>-

f.\,\lP:S T. WISDOM, a piomineiit resident
of liaker (,'ity, Oregon, is the subject to
whom we call attention. He was born in
Uandol|ih county, Missouri, November 22. l'^ll.
His parents moved to Trenton, (irundv county,
Missouri, when James was small, and thus he
became a student in the schools of Trenton,
and from there entered Edinlmrg College when
he was but eighteen years of age, thus showing
that he had applied liiniself, and was of (jiii<'k
intelligence.

After leaving school, our subject began to
put his knowledge to practical te.--t, teaching in
liis native State until 18(i;{, when his parents
moved to Oregon, and he accompanied them,
joining his brother, J. W^., who had gone there
the year before. (I'or family history see sketch
of .1. W. Wi.sdoin.) .\fter his arrival in liaker
county. .lames resumed teaching, continuing for
four terms. At this time he was twenty-two
years of age, and he then went to Portland and
entered llu^ Imsiness college there, from which
hegraduateil in 1878. From there he went
into a school of jiharmacy in Portland, and in
18V0 entered thedrug business with his brother,
in Maker City, continuing until 1S82, when he
changed to farming and stock-raising. In this
be has been eniineiitly successful. iiikI now has
SdO acre- cd' land. 100 in one tract, eighty in
one, 320 in the other. Ppon this land he has
made iniproviMneiits, having two tenant houses,
and is now crei'ting a large barn for the accun-
modatioii of his blooded stock.

Mr. Wisdom has taken great jiride and pains
in securing the very ber-t sto<'k of both horses
and cattle, having a herd of Htk^ shorthorn cat-
tle, the best he coiild procure from Keiiliuky-

M"t"

DOS

UlSTQltY Oh' OliEOON.

hrci) I'airiilii'ri. Tlicy iii'o rcf^istciril, as are alf^n
his l)loi)(li'(l liiii'scs. One of tlicM' is ('licsapcakf,
till! 61111 of Li'xiiifJtoii, a iiott'd nice liorse of
Kentucky. Also in liis ln-nl may Ijc foiiml soiiii-
line trotters.

Mr. Wisiloiri has done credit to liis name, for
lie has invested in eity real estate, owning two
line I)n.sines8 houses, located upon Main street,
ill 1 laker <'ity. He is a nieiiiher of the A. ( >.
II. W., and of the Modern Wooilinen of the
World, carrying an iiisiiriinee of SiJ,"OUin these
orders. lie was elected to the olliee of (lounty
School Superiiiteiideut in 1872, but did not have
the time to attend to the ottice, (:onse([iieiitly
did not (jiialify. He now gives all of his time
and attention to his stock and other personal
interests- -and these are not few, as he has
iroperty all over the city, a tine resilience where
le lives, and a twenty-acre tract in the middle
(if the city. Also he is interested in a gold
mine which he has every assurance will prove
one of the best. Two tons of the ([uartz as-
sayed S261, and development work is being
pushed on the mine. Mr. Wisdom is a Demo-
crat.

The marriage of our subject tcok place Jan-
nary ~8, 1892, to Mrs. Lavina Shinn, the widow
of the late James H. Shinn, ex-Slieritf and
County Judge of I'aker county. He was
elected in 1874-, serving four years as Sheriff,
then he was elected to the ofiice of .ludge and
served in that capacity for four years. Mrs.
Wisdom had a family of live children, as fol-
lows: Asa (I., now connected with the tirin of
S. 1!. McCord, in the hardware business in
Baker ('ity; Albert E. is in the sea-mail service
from New York to Hrenien; Robert F. is in
Idaho, driving stock to the Hastern markets; and
.lames 11. is at home, ten years of age, attend-
ing school. Mrs Wisilom is the dau<rhter of
John Toiiey, who came to Oreiron from Illinois
in 1804. Sh(> is a huly of many amiable char-
acteristics.

'H'^

fOlIN I.VNCII, a Wjrthy Oregon pioneer
of 1851, and a prosperous farmer of Vam
Hill eoiinty, was born in La l'"ayette eouiity,
Missouri, .lanuiiry 1, 18v!7. His father, Elbert
Lynch, was a native of Tennessee at an earl}'
day, where he married Miss Elizabeth Janes,
also a native of that State. Two children were

liorii there, and cio;lit in Missouri, where the
father died, and, in 18.");i, the mother and chil-
dren crossed the plains to < Iregoii, locating ill
I'olk eoiinty. The mother remarried, her sec-
ond hnsbaiiil lieiiig Mr. John l)ickey, and tiiey
had four ehililren. The mother coiitiniied to
reside in Polk county until LX80, when her
death occurred. She was a woman of superior
Intel lii^cnce and many charms of person and
manner, and was i^reatly lamented by her family
and friends.

The subject of our sketch was reared on a
farm in Missouri, where he had very limited
opportunities for acijiiiring an education. When
bnttwenty-one years of age, in 1848, he mar-
ried Miss Eliza N. Sparks, an estimable laily,
and a native of North ('arolina. She was the
daiifi;liter of Mathew Sparks, an hoiioreil Oregon
pioneer of 1851.

Mr. Lynch and his wife resided in .Missouri
until 1S51, when he sold out and came to Ore-
gon, traveling overland, with a wagon and four
oxen, six cows, provisions and a gun. They
brought bedding and a few cheap articles, and
were six months in making the journey. This,
however, proved to be an enjoyable trij), as he
recalls it now with great pleasure. H(> was
accompanied by his wife and two children,
Sarah Jane and Elizabeth, but both of the latter
have since died.

He located in Polk county, near Sheridan, on
a donation claim of 820 acres. Here they
camped until the log house was raised, when
they began pioneer life. Hero they resided for
nine years, when Mr. Lynch soKl at an advan-
taife, and bouiiht a farm on ^fill creek, where
he was very prosperous, and added from time
to time to his property, until he had '.100 acres
of as tine agriciiltiiral land as was to be found
in the country. He later sold this for a valuable
farm on the city line, between ^'am Hill and
Polk counties. Here he built a tine residence and
good barns and otherwise improveil it, also culti-
vating the land, and, in 1881, sold it very ad-
vantageously. He then removed to McMinii-
ville, in order that his children might have the
benclits of a higher education at the college.
Here he purchased five acres of good agricultural
land, on which he built a comfortable residence,
where he and his family have since resided;
I'esidcs this he also purchased 110 acres within
the city limits, which he platted, calling it the
Cozine .\dilition, which S(dd readily at very
remunerative prices. Since then he has erected

U I. STOIC y OF OHKGOX.

!1«0

a niiiiilpfr of liiiil(li?iiij>. pliiltcil Bincriil towns,
ami iimilo iiiuiiy iiiipniv ciiionts. He is a most
in(lii«tri()Us iimii, liinliiij^ if, impoHsililo Ut "ktM^p
still," and is working at Bonii^thiiig constantly.
All Ills vontiiirs are govcrnuil hy good .jndj;-
incnt, and lit* liaa ai'cuiniilated a handsome
inpoini).

Mr. and Mrs. Lyncli have had sixtci'ii children,
all but 011(1 of whom livcij to maturity, and twelve
siirxiving. .lolin Henry, the eldest, reside:- in
(iraiide Uoiide valley and is a farmer; William
Westlev is a fanner in Benton county; Alliert
is a tanner, and resides in .Nestnck; Hugh Hlli
son is a fanner, living at La Grande; Joseph W.
is also at La (tratide; Isaac is a fanner at
Wheatland; Francis Marion is a dentist in
Washington; .lereiniali is also a dentist; and
Lewcllen is now in college; (icorge I!. Mc-
Clellan and Mary Lillie Malinda. They have
thirty gran<lcliildren and three great-grand-
children.

Mr. and ^[rs. Lynch have lieeii married for
forty-four years, and Imve heon eminently suo-
cessfiil in life. They have raiseil a nnmeroiis
family, none of whom are known to have used
whisky or toliaceo, or spoken a profane word.

Mr. Lynch has always been a Democrat until
recently, when his strong antipathy to the li(|-
uor traffic has caused liim to become a I'rolii-
hitioiiist.

He and nearly all of the members of his large
family belong to the Hajitist Church, to the
support (jf which they have always liberally
contributed, both of their means and influence.

I'poii reflecting on such a life, it is difficult
to tell which is most to be adiiiirod. the State,
which makes such ]irosperity attainable, or the
man, who itidustrionsly cultivates her resources.
Hoth have their diits and both arc typically
great, as a careful analysis will clearly testify.

fR. RICHARD SANDFORD, physician
and druggi.-t, Glencoe, Washington county,
Oregon, has been identifieil with this
State since 1852.

Dr. San<lford was born in London, England,
December 30, 1829, son of .lames and Mary
(AlexaiKler) Sandford, natives of England, his
father being descended from o'd En<rli>li ances-
try, and liis mother from Scot'di. 'I'liey had a
family of nine children, three of whom are liv-

ing. The Doctor was educated in his native
land and graduated at the London hospital in
IHiS. In 181!l he saileil for .\uierica, as sur-
geon on a M'ssel bound for New ( )rleaiis, and
ujion his arrive' in the llnitcMJ States locatecl at
I'eoria, Illinois, where he practiced until 1852,
That year he crossed tlie plains to ( )regon, mak-
ing the joiirnoy with an ox ti'ain, and afti'r his
arrival here located in Multtnunah ciiunly, six
miles north of I'orllaiid. In 1S73 he W(!iit to
California, ])raeticed three years in Colusa
county, ancl then returned to Portland, where
he remaineil until the following .lurie. After
this he practiced u year in Silverton, Marion
county, ill 1878, moved to Molalla, and seven
years later, in October, 18X5, moved to (Jlencoe,
where he has since residcMl. Hero he purchased
property and built a good residence and drug
store, both in the Siime yard. II(> has the pio-
neer drug >tore of the town and is also doing a
large and lucrative practice.

November 21, 1878, Dr. Sandford was united
in marriage to Miss Alice Maria Hagby, a na-
tive of Clackamas county, Orej^on, born Decem-
ber 21, 18(;i, daughter' of William R. Hagby.
It may here be stated that the Doctor ci'osee(l
the plains in company with Mr. and Mrs.
Jiagby. They have three childieii: Mary -Mice,
Eugenia Eliza, and .lames Richard, all at homo
and attenilinif school. Airs. Samlford is n rcttis.
tered pharmacist and attends to the drug store
in the absence of the Doctor. I'oth are mem-
b(n's of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of
which he is a Trustee, 'i he Doctor is also a
member of the K. of P.

During the Yakinin war Dr. Sand Ion 1 went
to the front with the rest of the brave pioneers
and Served a- Assistant Surgeon. They eiuiurecl
many hardships and j)rivations and at times had
nothing to eat pave horse and mule flesh. Ho
has practiced medicine foi' forty four years, and
during this time has, both professionally ami
otherwise, made many warm friends. Few
men in this vicinity are held in higher esteem
than he.

>••»=-

fON. JAAIES M. RARTLOW, an honored
Oregon pioneer of 1850, now residing at
Hillr-borongb, was born in Virginia, AjU'il
11, 1821. a son of \Mrginia parents. I'llijiih
I'artlow, his father, was u sohlier iu the war uf

Ill

070

ItrsTORY Olf OREOON.

[> I

isr,'. hikI Nancy T. (White) I'nrtlow, liis
iiiotlitT, WHS H (liiiif^litur of Coloiii'l William
Wliitti, will) BiM'N'eil us li coliiiicl ill tlio liCXolll-
tjiiimry war. Sonic lime ul'tur thcii' iiiai'riiigc,
his jiarcuta mii\ci| In 'rciiiic»cc, aii<l iiitcr wciil
from tlici'c to Ti'xas. In tlio latlor Stiitii they
Rt)cnt Ihc rest III' thoir livos, ami ilic(|, \\w fa-
tiior at thca;,'c of sixty- live years, anil I he mother
in her iiflielh year. ()!' their family of eii^ht
ciiildron only two siirv i\e, Mrs. I'arlow ami the
Hilliject of this BJxctch. The latter was cdneatcil
in his native State, and resided with liis parents
until their death.

In 18i7 Mr. I'artlow enlisted to serve in the
Mexican war, under (."oionel Sterling,' I'riee,
and was all throii<;h thai war. lie participated
in the eampaij^n on the Uio < irande. was in sev-
eral hard-l'oiiuht battles, and made some liair-
lireadth escapes. The fiercest contest was the
battle of Taiise, ill which ('oin|)any K, to which
.Mr. I'artlow liclonired, lost oiie-ei;,ditli of its
men. On one occasion he, with nine others,
was detailed to take care of a iiiiinbei of horses
of the company in the monntains, and while
there they learned that the .Mexican Rangers
were coming to attack them. Our yoiiiifj; friend
and his party know if they were taken it would
lie sure death. He was chosen eoniinander of
their number and undertook to lead them from
the mountains to the American army. On the
way ihcy had to ffo down a steep mountain side
that was covered with snow, on which the
horses were unable to retain their footinif.
lie ordered the men to take the I ridles off,
leave the saddles on. and dri\o the horses out
on the slanting inonntain side. The horses, as
soon ns they reached a place where the slant
became abrupt, fell and on their sides went slid-
ing down the mountain, at tlii^ foot of which they
were caught and re-nKiiinted. Reaching a Me.x-
ican town further on. thev demanded food, but
were denied it. The order was given to cock
and trail arms, and in this way they bravely
rode through the town. Later, they iiad to
Bwiin their horses across the Rio (irande. and
at midnight, while still pressing forward, heard
in English the words "Haiti Advance and
give the countersign I" and were overjoved to
learn they had reached the mitpost of the
American army. During this journey they
sulisisted on a small allowance of jiarched corn.
.\t the close of the war Mr. I'artlow was hon-
nrablv discharged at Fort Leavenworth.

In 1850 the subject of our sketch hitched up

two yoke of cows, and in company with Mr.
ilames Austin, crossed the plains lo Oregon,
Wlieii they reached the (Cascade mouiitaiiiH they
found HH) emigrants, men, women and chil-
dren, whose Journev had been impeded liy
mountain snows. Mr. I'artlow and his partner
|iii88ed them, made their way on to Oregon,
there loaded |iack animals with provisions and
with volunteers from Oregon returned to ren-
der th(< emigrants asBistance. After their ar-
rival 111 the valley, Mr. I'artlow's pockethook
contained just 30 cents. In Oregon City he
met and becaine aciiiiaiiited with .Mr. .lohii
Rogers, at whose home ho r(<mained two
months. In the sjiring he went to Vreka, (-al-
ifornia, where, in partnership with his lirother-
in-law, .liidge Wliite, he engaged in mining,
which enterprise proved a successful one.
J)uring his mining experience the largest piece
of golil he found was about the size of a turkey
egg. Previous to his ccniiing West, Captain
I'artlow had had Bome experience in boating on
the .Missouri river, and while he was in the
mines, Cajitain i'razell, the great steamboat
man of that day, wrote him to come to < )regon
("ity and run the Oregon. This he did. After
running this vessel some time he took com-
mand of the (iazello, and later, was engaged in
stcaii'boating east of the mountains, on the Co-
lumbia and Snake rivers. After a most Biic-
cessfiil career as a steamboat captain, he turned
his attention to investments in lanil, in which
he also met with marked success. Realizing
the fact that Vancouver, Uritish Columbia,
was bound to grow, he obtained letters of rec-
ommendation from Ladd & Tilton, of Portland,
and First National Bank of East Portland, went
to Vancmiver and made purchases of real estate,
the recent increased values of which jirove the
wisdom of his foresight. The Captain now has
large real-estate holdings in Portland and vari-
ous other jilaccs on the Pacific coast. II is
home is one of the jircttiest little cottages in the
city of Hillsborough, and in it, retired from ac-
tive business, ho is spending the evening of his
useful life.

On the 5th of November, 1871. Captain
I'artlow was married to Airs. Louisa Barrett, of
East Portland, widow of riohn Harrctt. The
Captain and Mrs. Purtlow have one son. James
William.

Captain Partlow has been a lifelong Demo-
crat, l)nt is now independent in his political
views. In Jannary, IST'l, he was elected a

lllsTdltY (IF OltKdOy.

iiiciiilicv of tlic < troj^iiii Stiilc Lcf^iHliitiiic, riiilii
Wiisliiiii^'toii cuiinty. iiiiil while in llic l.c^islii-
till'O lie dci'vuil tilt' intiM'cstH ol' liin (■l)Il^titll
ontit to tlu< l)(!Ht ul' liirt iiliility aii<l in ii iiiiiniici'
that rutlcctecl crudit on liiiiiHi'lf. lie in ii ijooil
re[)r»'Beiitiifi\o Ofi'j^oii |>i((iici'r of 1H5(). Long
iiiiiv l>c continiiu to onjoy llfii in tiiu IStiitu of
liiii clioice iinil adoption.

f\V. r,l!Ii;i)\VKi,l„ u widfly aii.l favor
aMy known Orci^on |iioncc'r of IHoS, and
* an intelligent and pro;;iOBsi\'e farmer and
Imsiness man of Vam ilill coiuity, wan horn in
I.awrenee county, Indiana. Fehrnary 17, 18)5:2.
His father, (ieorge I!, liriedwell, was horn in
Slielhy county, Kentucky, a;id was of (irrman
descent, iiis ancestors haviiin; emigrated from
tlu> Fatherland to America ])reviou8 to tlie
IJevolution, some inemhers of which dis-
tiiiiiuished themselves in that memorahle strug-
gle for indc|ieudence. lie married Miss Sarah
Maize, a luitive of Alabama, and of English an-
cestry. They had nine children, seven sons and
two dantihters, all hut one now li\ini;. In
IS-lo the family removed to Iowa, then the
extreiiK! frontier, where they resided at the
time of th(> father's death in 180II. He was
universally esteemed for hi.s many sterling
i]nalities of mind and heart, and left nuiny
friends to mourn his loss.

The sul)jcct of our skctcli was reared on his
father's farm in Iowa, and attended the di>trict
school in the vicinity of his home. When not
([uite twenty years of age, on ( »etoher l:i, 1851,
lie was married to Miss Mary Ivlmonston, a na-
tive of Adams county, Illinois, and in the fol-
lowing spring started with his hride across the
[ilains to Oregon, lie started with five yoke of
oxen, three cows and a yearling heifer, all of
which, except one yoke of oxen and the heifer,
gave out and <lied on the journey, and they
were ohliged to lighten the load by throwing
away their liooks and other weighty artiides,
whiidi they highly ])rized. Added to this, iMrs.
Briedw^ll had luonntain fever, and the situa-
tion was most diu'k and discouraging, and could
they have been jilaced back in their Eastern
home, they would not lia\'e undertaken bucIi a
disastrous Jouriiev. There was, however, but
one alternative, which was to push forward,
which they did with all possible haste.

On aiiiving at Salmon Falls their only ineanr
of crossing was tocoii\ert the wagon boxes inln
boats, \vlii(di they diil, and the one in which
they had most of their provisions sank and they
lost its contents, and w(<re obliged to buy sugar,
coffee and lloiir, for which they paid from six
bits to gll a pound. However,' through it all
they arrived in I'ortland, where they wintered.
.Mr. Itriedui'll did some teaming and also pur
chased some wheat in the Tnalitit; valley,
which he had coiivert(«d '.'!*o lloiir, which he
sold, and in this way nian;:ged to live ami accu-
mulate a little money.

In the following spring he took a claim of
3'-20 acres, locating near Wheat laml. in ^ am
Hill county, on which hi> built a idieap house,
in which he and his wi^e resided for live years.
At the end of this tiine he sold the land advan-
tageously to Mr. ,losc|ih Watt, and purcliasi'il
the |ilace on whiidi he has since resided, which
is situateil one mile west of Amity, lleiirst
purchased 100 acres on which there was a
small house, five acres of the land iieing fcnceil.
Here he and his family resided, and by steady
industry he contiiiueil to prosper, adding from
time to time to his original pureha-e, until ho
now owiis 4li() acres of some of the clioictist
agricultural lands in \'\\\\i Hill county.

In 1881 he erected a large wandiouse on his
pro|)erty, through which the railroad runs, and
soon became an extensive di^aler in grain, hand-
ling annually lOO.OOO bushels. This enterprise
has com|ileted his pi'osjierify, which was already
very substantial.

NIr. and Mrs. Hriedwell have seven children,
most of whom live in the vicinity. Margaret,
the eldest, is tin; wife of. lames .McCarly, and
resides in Washington; Mary Ann is the wife
of K. Kimman, and lives in ,\mity: Minnie V.
married II. Hidmes, and they live on the homo
farm; G. W. is managing the warehouse, aiul
was County Clerk tor four years; .lohn W. is
a prominent merchant id' .Vinity; an<l Edward
is in the hardware imsiness in .NIcMiniiville.

On April ;J8, ls8'.t, Mrs, Hriedwell died,
leaving her family and frii'uds to mourn liei-
loss. She had been a faithful wife for thirty-
eight years, and was a devoted mother and syni-
|iatlietic friend, and was wiilely esteeine(l for her
manv ("hristian virtues and loving heart. Her
loss is especially severe on her devoted husband.
to whom she was a helpmate in the trnc-t sen-c
of the Word, contribntinn; in no -uiall degree to
his prosperity.

IMAGE EVALUATION
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Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. M580

(716) 872-4503

'^^

1)72

HISTORY OF OREGON.

Pd'itically Mr. Hricfhvell is ii Duiiiorrat, but
liiis never taken any vei'v f^reat interest in poli-
tier- otliei' than ilesii'inif tiie eieetiun of lionor-
alpje men tn ipttice, ]>i-cfei'i'inir i-atlier to i^ive liii*
atliMition to lii> private ailuirH. He is a I'ast
Mat-tei- Woi'ixnian of the A. ( ). U. W., and is a
Worthy nienilier of the Christian C'luirch, to tlie
sn|i|)ort of liotli of wliieii lio coiitrihutcs liher-
HJiy cf hi> means.

TIiUB is merit rewarded hy prosj)erity and the
eontidence and e.steeni of all lionuraMc men.

jICIlAKL UKOWN was a pioneer of
IHoO to the I'acitic coast, liorn in Lanjx-
foril county. Irt'land, March, 18:i7. I'p
to ills eighteenth year lie lived with his parents,
ami then emifri-ated to the Tnited States hy tlie
pailiiifT Vessel, Mary Ann, which arrived in Bos-
ton in the fall < f 1845. Michael then found
occupation in the woolen mills of Massachu-
setts until the Mexican war of 184fi; he went
to New York and enlisted, hut because of beinj^
under uj;u he was rejected, ami after anotlier
attempt at AVest I'oint he settled down to work
at Cold Spi'ings for a few months and then
went to New Orleans, and was there engapjed
on river steamboats until October 14, 1849,
when he boarded the steamer Falcon and started
for California. In J'anama he was detained
three months, when lie found employment upon
the Enirlish sailing vessel, Circassian, engaj/ed
as a ])a88enc;er boat. an<l landed safely in San
Francisco February 14, 1850, with but 50 cents
in his pocket.

He raised a little "stake" by laJKii-ing in that
town for a few weeks, and then started for
Trinity mines by the bark Galena to Trinidad
bay, and then on foot to the mines, rei]uii'inf!f
fourteen days of liard 'ravel, with many danc^crs
from the Indians, and subsisting chiefly on mus-
sels and dried salmon, with tlour at $i ner
pound and salt at ifil wcr onnce. With averaire
success he continued mining until 1853, and
then eidisted in Ca|)tain (toodal'sCom|)any for
the l^ogue ri\er wp.r. The contest was a very
severe o:>h and !;.sted several weeks, our subject
acting as Corporal of a scouting party, which
wa.-- enveloped by many (langers and marvelous
escapes, but was not seriously injureil.

Jn 18."i('p he visited New Orleans and was
iimrried to Catherine Sexton March 1, 1857, ami

together they returned to Indian Creek, Sis-
kiyou county, California, and established a
small bakery, and continued mining, but
through the erection of a stamp mill he lost
everything. Following this character of occu-
pation through mining districts of northern
California ami southern Oregon an<l I(hiho, until
about 18()8, he then canie to I'ortland and
bonglit j)roperty on the corner of F and Fifth
streets, which he subsequently improved in
small cottages. Since that time he ha.s been
chiefly engaged in steamboat and railroad
work as a steward and in charge of restaurants.
Mr. and Mrs. Brown have six children;
(ieorge, Mary, Celia, Mamie M.; Catherine,
wife of Alexander Diiar, of East I'ortland;
and James. The family reside at 89 F street,
where, with residences adjoining, Mr. Brown
owns a subsiantial property. He has retired
from active life, aiu] after the many hard-
shijis and trials he is passing his declining
years in peace and contentment.

-:*»<

><•»=-

fEORGK W. BORMAN, one of the leading
and most influential citizens of Baker City,
was born in Kansas City, Missouri. Feb-
ruary 22, iStiO. His father, K. T. Borman, re-
moved to California when our subject was only
two yeai-8 old. The former was a native of
Saxony, Germany, where he marriecl Miss Wil-
helma Turopc. in 1847, and came to America
the following year.- He settled in Portland,
Maine, from which place he removed to Boston,
thence to Chicago, thence to Kansas City, and
ill 1862 made his way to California, as before
stated. Here ho engaged in the nnmufacture of
boots and shoes, which he disposed of at whole-
sale. Mr. Borman located at lied Bluffs until
1874, when he removed to Baker county, Ore-
gon, where he still remains. His wife died in
Oregon, in 187ti, aged forty-se\en.

At the time of the death of his mother our
subject was only fourteen years of ago. Heat-
tended the public schools of California and Ore-
gon, and the learning imparted to him at these
institutions was all the schooling received by
him. Mr. Borman has been engaged in mining
all his life, some times on his own account, again
serving as foreman of some of the largest mines
in Baker county. He is interested in some of
the well paying placer mines of Baker county,

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C^^CtJ^Ay^^^ "S/t-^^T^tr^ ^^H£€^t^

ami givuB liirt piitin- ulreotioti to them. Hf iu"
worked liiiii8c)f up fn-iv ii pimr boy until liciio".
lays diiiin to h ponsiilcijtip')*' Hinnmit of pi-o|n'it)
atnoiig wliich i« h iiicf reMuli'nfx- in linker I'itj-,
wlifio lie, his wifo unci Coiir children iivo ii!
eoiisiileral)!!' style.

Mr. i'oitiiHii wan lunrrieM to Mihr Miigirie 1{.
Ivcii, liorii April It*. 1H57, in JnHer-nii iM)iint>.
Iowa, anil lanio to (Jroj^.m with her [• irontB. Sh'-
18 the daiiifhter of Joseph M. Uea, onfoCfhel»i^";i
lan<l owners in Baker county, wheru !io eni^'ji^'*-:
in farniing two ii.ilosotit of HhIv* r l^ity. I'lir
chililren ^rnco the limiie of Mr .tiid .Mr*. Ik^r-
limn, namely: Hdwurd It., ( )nr% V'., tW:n.;." C
and Tl.oinu.. L. Mr. N i;,.^i: i- the tliini lUiifl
and yoniijrefit of hi« !x-'. ^ fauiily. The othor
two inenitt'i* am. « iiir4 A., inarrii'd, and Fvi
ward W., now (!♦.■'*« *»«^J.

Ill l'<88 hn wat. (Hlacted Amenmn of Haker
eonnty, tiiid in l^^yO was elected liee.order of
Conveyaiu'ei* ot his county, which |io.>iti'in he
still h( Ilk, iilthcngli iir relii>ed ilie nomiimtioii
for a Becuiid term, hit; hu^iincs aflWirn U'in<^ <-i>
nnnteroiiH a* Ut 'treveot hij-te ■ > ' ' H«i now

dv>. te. mI- biP !»«.H»''tit;e ! • '■■^^.:::^

the ofHco in Miv clntY'.

i^troian is a inemtHir ol tl.,' '.i..r..ip;. ;,.;vni: y
lod^e No. 47. Baker City, and of Meadvitl*)
Meadville Lodije. No. <!!), I. (.). (). V,. in whieh
order he has tjiken the !iiglu'f.t dejjroo He iiiw:
filled the liijihe^t otKc.cs in that lodoe, and \t
i\hi> a nicnil>er of the Ancient Order nf I'nited
U'orkniiin. In politics he is a Ilepiiblican. and
few men enjoy uiorc nMpcc^ and esteem than
doen George Jiornmii. fhf ^ohjwet of ihb* sketch.

PK. CAJ.LA I!. ( IIAHLTON. -At .1 n<|.
rei^entativt; of the medical professioi, in tlie
State of Oregon this lady holds a hiffhly
creditalile jxiBition !».■* 'epreseiiting the posmbti
itieB of womunkind in tbf higher eallingn of
life, and success in (>v»Tcriiriing difHciilties,
he,' career is even more not«wi»rr!iy, and a liricf
outline eketch of her life, i^iving iiome of'the
salient fefiturcs, tiecoineP, theri/fore. a >aiinddc
coiitriiintion to this work, devoted to the hia-
toiy of Oregon, and the achipvcrnente of h<!r
people.

T)r. C'liurlion was horn in Wiscoinm. Itecem-
ber 7, 1851, Iut parents lieir.g Valentino niui
Maria (Hfeiiey) Brown, llor father was a na-
si

lin>'i.ti Iv .

Portland "■ ■ :
lie piin-hiiMHl ■
tion of w!. .i
1S70.

The siibjeci .■!
'■atioii in I'ortitiii't
omv. In 1S70 -Iv
Charlton, hut t«,. )
With a little dan..!
without ineariH. her
proiiiic^iiig nt thut tur««.
was etjiml l<> the '.HHiwi'.'
then * putwr th» uhmIu

ft73

nfct, and of Knglish and Welsh an-

-,' th«r. who waa of Irish deseoiit,

• ^ 1 ivrk Sliite. Dr. Charlton is

' I 'I of their nine children.

when the family re-

■ i, and was reared in

: : r settled, and where

' of land, on a por-

until his death, in

h received her edii-
\t St. Mary's Acad-
rried to Mr. .lames
r was left a widow.
ip[)ort and rear, and
seemed indeed iin-
• couraf^e, however,
nd she determined
irofession. To ob-
a consiimination of

taiii 'he fuiidn neceioi.ir;
her plan, shu taught ■school, and thus tided over
the time until her udmipsion to practice. In
the ip.eanlitiK .'•<• read medicine with I3r. C.
II Ualfcty, .f I'ortland. anf! at the earliest op-
tun't.v boyan <«lt.e>|■l■l^<•e at the medical de-
Jni versify. There
tidents, and indeed
that the sex had

i.tiiiiittfil '>f WU

wwtt th*! ; >

it n** <mi'

ll«^?tl lulteiU' ' ■

ei'iiiiiiuting Ti'i-'r

and the i->/nr«c of htiids

, while many dis-
placeil u|i<Mi them,
licli they were ad-

mitted WHS much cirouniscrt'. ed, essential feat-
ures being eliniiiPii'ed. .\i/ainst innidi opposi-
tion, Mrt.. Charlton led the contest for the rights
of women, which proved successful, and by which
she won the lasting esteem nf the faculty and
niaiiapement, ami-iij; whom nre yet mimbered
«otue uf her warmest friends . her genuine earii-

! «»'^in'*» 111 ili(; M>.'ircl» n*' !,-». vledge in the lino

uuich to tlo with

r success.

3(1 in 1879, and

a practitioner ot

ntli an office in

time, however,

ne of the nioth-

', and so firmly

id with the mer-

it« i>i Iriis .-Rci!' e ttiiit she determiiUMl

to adopl '■ i' itiire work In accordanco

with lhi» rt'woluiioii she went to Chicago, and

thorf attended the Hahiicmann Medical (,'ollego

until hei gradriatiiiu, in l*:iOl), after which sho

was appointed first pssistant physician in tho

«»'^in'*» 111 ili(; M>.'ircb

of lioi ohi.w' p

th'tt (.'HI':-,

for the foi! J t;ii,,

the old sciiool I'A;'

Kast Portland D-wn^ .

she iiecJimr ae<)m»i"1.-^l urith

ods and rvsuits

an<l favorably •.

,^ "..ff

C^/fi^Cc/^i--^^^y ^.i^tf.'^t & n^t4A!^irt<y

UlsroHY OF OIlEOOy.

073

and gives his entire attciiti(>n to tlieiii. lU' lias
Worked liiinpi-lf up from u poor lioy until ho now
lays claim to a considerable amount of property,
among wliicli is a nice ronidence in i'aki^r City,
where he, his wife and t'onr children live in
considerable style.

Mr. liornian was married to Miss Maiffrie li.
Ilea, born April 10, 1857, in Jetterson county,
Iowa, and came to Oregon witli her parents. She
is thedanghterof Joseph M. Uea,oneof the largest
land owners in Baker connty, where lio engaires
in farming two miles ont of Maker City. Fonr
children irrace the home of Jlr. and Mrs. Her-
man, namely: Edward It., Clara V., Bessie C.
and Thomas L. Mr. Borman is the third child
and yonngest of his father's family. The other
two members are: Clara A., married, and Ed-
ward W., now deceased.

In 1IS88 he was elected Assessor of Haker
county, and in 1890 was elected Recorder of
Conveyances of his county, which jiosition he
still holds, althongh he refused the ncjminatioii
for a Second term, his lineiness affairs being so
nninerons as to jirevent his accepting. lie now
devotes all his attention to his business, leaving
the office in the charge of his depnty. Mr.
Borman is a member of the Masonic fraternity,
lodge No. +7, Baker City, and of Meadvillo
^^eadville l.o<lge, No. (;!J,'l. (). (). F., in which
order he has taken the highest degree. lie iias
filled th(* highest offices in that lodge, and is
also a meml)er of the Ancient Order of I'nited
Woiknnm. In politics he is a liepnblican. and
few men enjoy more respect and esteem than
does George Borman, the subject of this sketch.

■?|U. CALLA 15. CIIAULTON.— As a rep-
11^ resentative of the medical profession in the
%|^ .State of Oregon this lady holds a highly
creditable position as representing the possibil-
ities of womankind in the higher callings of
life, and success in overcoming difficnlties,
he.' career is even more noteworthy, and a brief
outline sketch of her life, giving some of the
salient features, tiecomes, therefore, a valuable
contribution to this work, devoted to the his-
tory of Oregon, and the achievements of her
people.

Dr. Charlton was born in Wisconsin, Decem-
ber 7, 1851, her parents being Valentine and
Maria (Ileeney) Brown, ller father was a na-
n

tive of Vermont, and of English and Widsh an-
cestry; her inotlier, who was of Irish descent,
was born in New Vork State. Dr. Charlton is
the fo\irth in order of age of their nine children.
.She was but a mere child wlien the family re-
moved to Oregon, in 1858, and was reared in
Portlanil, where her father settled, and where
he purchased several blocks of land, on a |)or-
tion of which ho resided until his death, in
1870.

The subject of this Bket(;h received her edu-
cation in Portland, largely at St. Mary's Acad-
emy. In 1870 she was married to \lr. .lames
Charlton, but two years later was left a widow.
With a little daughter to sup|)ort and rear, and
without means, her future seemed indeed un-
promising at that time. Iler courage, however,
was equal to the occasion, and she determined
then to ent((r the medical profession. To ob-
tain the funds necessary to a consuinnnition of
her plan, she laught school, and thus tided over
the time until her admission to practice. In
the meantime she read medicine with Dr. C.
II. Kaflety, of Portland, and at the earliest op-
portunity began attendance at the medical de-
partment of Willamette University. There
were then but nine women students, and indeed
it was only the second year that the sex had
been admitted to the college, wliile many dis-
criminating restrictions were placed upon them,
and the course of study to which they were ad-
mitted was much circumscribed, essential feat-
ures being eliminated. Against much opposi-
tion, Mrs. Charlton led the contest Cor the rights
of vvomen, which proved successful, and by which
she won the lasting esteem of the faculty and
management, among whom are yet numbered
some of her warmest friends; lier genuine earn-
eetncss in the search of knowledge in tlx? line
of her chosen profession had much to do with
this feeliTig, as well as with her success.

Mrs. ('harlton was graduated in 1879, and
for the following six years was a practitioner ot
the old school (Allopathy), with an oflice in
East Portland. During this time, however,
she became acqnainted with some of the meth-
ods and results ot homeopathy, anil so tirndy
and favorably was she impressed with the mer-
its of this school of jiractiee that she determined
to adopt it for her future work. In accordance)
with this resol';tion she went to Chicago, and
there attended the Tlalmeniann Mcdicud College
until her graduation, in 18fSt), after whi(di she
was appointed first assistant physician in tlm

m 11

r Hi

074

BISTORT OF OREGON.

li()K|iitiil, uiiilcr l)r. I^ii'llaiii, (>ii<> of tli(> iihlcst
nii<l lirKt-knowii iiii'diujil iinK'titioncri) iind iiii-
tliors ol' till' iluy. Kt'turiiiiic^ to I'ortliiiid Dr.
Clmrltoii resiiiiicil |priiutice liero.aiul licr huccoss
lias won for lu'i' tlm highest recognition in the
profecKioii. It may here lie Btalc<l tliat in her
practice siie Imib shown hcrKolt' the truo-lieartcd
piiysiciiin, who rej^ards the proiussion us tiie
noMcst wall< of life, its mission to alleviate the
snlTerinij^K of mankind ; and whih^ licr siiccesB
from H nuiteria! |)oint of view lias l)eon f^reat,
from a professional, as well as humane, point of
view, it has been even more marked, and her
work for tlu* |>oor has hcon unusual in its
amount and etl'ectiveness.

As a historieal item it may lie said in this
coi'.neetion that Dr. Charlton was the Hrst
teacher in the Ilolladay addition to Portland, the
school being then conducted in a little log
cabin. The school that now occupies the site
is the North Oentral, one of the largest and fin-
est in Portland.

8he is an active member of the Iloraeopath-
ic M(idical Society of Oregon, as well ns the
Multnomah County Society, and has prepared
valuable papers treating upon topics of interest
to the |)rofo88ion.

I'ersonally, Dr. Charlton is distinguished by
her loyalty to her profession and to her friends,
and by the (juiet determination which has won
for her an honorable place in a field in which
she was one of the pioneers of her sex.

She was reared an Episcopalian, and has al-
ways remained a consistent member of that
church.

Son. JAMES T. HOAV DITCH, counselor
at law, and ex-member of the State Legis-
lature, was born in Franklin county, Ver-
mont, .Inly 12, 1852, where he spent the first
few yciirs of his childhood. Ilis parents were
Isaac P. and Marian (Tinker) Howditch, natives
also of Vermont, and of English extraction. At
the breaking out of the rebellion, the father
joined the Federal army, and was an officer un-
der (ieneral Peck. lie lost his life in one of
the sinall engnjjenientt: near Norfolk, April 11,
lS(i2, and at the time of his death he was con-
nected with the Commissary Departnient, hold-
ing the rank of Major.

.lames T., the youngest of two chihlren,
moved with his motliei to Wabasha, Minnesota,
where he attended the pulilic schools, and later
entere<l the Trinity ('olle)|eof Ilartfonl, Con-
necticut, graduating with the class of 1873. He
then became a law student in the ottice of (ien-
eral Herry, at Winona, Minnesota, a noted
practitioner of that State. Mr. Howditch was
admitted to the bar in 1877, three years later
removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, and in 1884,
on account of his mother's health, he located at
Ashland. Since taking up his residence in this
city his practice lias proved prosperous, and he
now stands at the head of the legal fraternity of
the State. Colonel Howditch has served two
successive terms as a member of the State Leg-
islature, from 1886 to 1889, and at this time is
a member of the Governor's Staff, holiling the
honorable position of Judge Advocate (ieneral.
He has been City Attorney of Ashland several
years. As a stanch and steadfast Democrat, he
has been of much service to his party, and still
takes an active interest in political matters. So-
cially he affiliates with the K. of P., and was a
charter muinber and organizer of Granity Lodge,
No. 23, in which he has passed all the chairs.

JKVIN D. BOYEU, secretary of the Eagle
fll Woolen Mill at Brown vi lie, was born in
^ Edinborough, Erie county, Pennsylvania,
in 1859. His father, Neri Boyer, was born in
Union county, Pennsylvania, where his ancestors
settled in 1730, direct from (terinany. In
childhood Neri moved to western Pennsylvania,
while the country was yet a wilderness and there
in early manhood learne<i the trade of stone-
mason, which he followed through life. Ho
married Mary Mitchell in 1840, and then set-
tled at Edinbnrg, where he has continued to
reside, engaged in contracting anil building.

Irvin D. was educated at Edinborough and
the State Normal School at the same place. He
then drifted into the oil district about Bradford,
Pennsylvania, and worked in the oil-works and
at contracting until the fall of 1882, when he
began teaching school at Salina, and continued
teaching in Pennsylvania until 188t). He then
went to Dazey, North Dakota, for nine months,
and from there went direct to Brownsville,
Oregon, arriving there in August, 1887, and the
following winter he taught the district school be-.

JllSTOIir OF OUKdoS.

tween HrownHville iind llalsey, iind in 1S8H lie
whb appointed principii! of tiic jmbiic. scliool at
Soiitli HrowiiHvillc. lie wiis one of the original
Htoi'klioldfrs of tlio Eagle Woolen Millc. and
Boon after the incorporation, Ajiril, 1889, lie waj
elected secretary of the company, and manager
of the local utore.

He married at Hrownsville, in Jnne, 1881),
Mips Ilattie Lotiff, of Ponnsylvania, a daughter
of .1. M. l-ong, and an old nchoolmiite of his.
Mr. Long came to Oregon in 1880. and is now
engaged in farming near Hrownnville.

Mr. Moyer is a meniher of the I. O. O. V.
and Encampment, and lie resides on Main street
opposite the pnl)lic school. In March, 18ttO. he
was one of the incorporators of the {{rownsvillc
ISiiilding i\: Loan Association, and is also a stock-
holder and assistant cashier of the liank of
iJrownsville. lie has served one term in the
City Conncil, is a member of the School Hoard,
and is one of the active, progressive yonng men
of the city.

fAMES II. BROWN.— Three miles west of
the town of Sheridan, on the heautilul Yam
Hill river, resides the three Brown broth-
ers, prosperous farmers and Oregon pioneers of
1850. Each has a good home and tine farm, a
portion of their land being a part of the old
homestead wliich their honored father, James
H. Brown, took as his donation claim from the
Government in 1850, forty- two years ago. On
this land he made his home and laboicd and
prospered up to the time of his death, lie was
I)orn in Virginia November 10, 17'.l(), a descend-
ant of (xernian ancestors, lie removed to Illi-
nois, and was there married to Miss Sophia
llussey, all of their children except one being
born in that State.

Learning of the rich lands to be obtained
from the Government and desiring a milder
climate, with his wife and children, Mr. Brown
started March 15, 1850, on his long journey
across the plains to Oregon. Nancy, their
youngest, wi'.s then only two weeks old. They
had two covered wagons, six yoke of oxen, and a
light wagon and a span of horses, and made the
journey in safety. The only serious accident
connected Hitli the trip was James getting his
legs broken. This was caused by his falling
from the wagon and a wheel running over him.
lie was eight years old at that time. Erom the

I Dalles they came oe. a scow to I'ortliind, being
rowed down the river by Inijiaiis, and having u
white man for guide. I'ortland wa> then a
small place. They came to the house of (Jrand-
i father Nathan llussey (see his history in this
I Work), spent the winter with him, ami in the
siiriiig came to their present locality. Mr.
lirowii and his faniily began their Oregon life
in a little frame house. lie engaged in general
farming and raised horses, cattle and sheep, lie
was u mail of good judgment and ability, and
l»y his fellow-citizens was chosen one of the
Commissioners of his county. He was in poli-
tics a strong Kepiililican, and in rcligiim a
worthy member of the Methodist Chiireli. As
the years rolled by he prospered, and in time
built a nice residence on his claim, and inado
other improvements. He died .May 30, IM75.
in the seventy-ninth year of his age. II is good
wife still lives, is now seventy-nine years of age,
and makes her home withonoof her sons. Their
children are as follows: Mary E., wife of K. 11.
Lord, resides in Salem; Sarah, wife of William
Savage, icsides at Sheridan; Margaret J., wiilow
of A. McMiikan, lives at Salem; James 11.;
Joseph E.; Nathan A.; and Nancy, wife of
William Sleppy, of Sheridan.

James 11. Brown, the oldest of the three
brothers above referred to, was born in Illinois
June 14, 1842. From his eighth year he was
reared on his father'i* donation claim. Novem-
ber 30, 1865, he married Miss Kvalin ^'ocom.
They have eight chiliiren, viz. : Wilber, Minnie,
Henry 11., Franklin, Dudley ()., Altliea, Mer-
tlia and Lloyd; and an infant, who ilied. He
built June JJD, 188t'), a good residence, and to
the land he inherited from his father's estate he
has added by purchase until he is now th j owner
of 800 acres.

Jo8ej)h E. Brown was born in Illinois in 1844,
and was six years of age at the time the family
came to Oregon. When he was eighteen he en-
listed in the First Oregon Infantry and served
during the war on the frontier, helping to keep
the Indians in check, principally in Idaho. At
the close of the war he returned to his homo.
October 11, 180(5, he married Miss Nancy A.
Metzker. He inherited 200 acres of his father's
donation claim, to which he has since added,
becoming the owner of 400 acres. He built tlio
nice home, in which he resides. He and his
wife iiave eleven children, whose names arc as
follows: Eugene, who married Etta Tatoin, and
has Oiie child, Isaac Bay ; James A.; Edward;

nisToiir Oh- oHKdofi.

(Iliiy; Klfiiorii, now Mi'h. I'Vaiik Tutnui, unci Iihh
(iiic child, <iiiy I'^; Dulii Mary, (liiiid, .Jo^l;]^ll,
•IdIiii iiikI Nuiicy S., iiiiil iiii iiifani, wliu diuil
iliiru! 14, \W>K Mr. lirowii ia a Itupubliuaii,
Hiiil a iriuinbt'i' uf the G. A. li.

Natliaii A., the third of tho brotherit, wnH born
in llliiioiM, N'liveiiihur 18, iH^H, and wan two
years of auc when ho arrived in Orei^nn. lie
wan reared at the oiil hoiiiCHtead, and attendetl
Beliool in La Kayette and in Portland. His
portion of the donation claim iu that on which
the family ruHidenco is situated, lie liii< piir-
ulia^ed other lands, Ida holdiii;(s now amounting
to 500 acres. Seiitemhor 2^, 1880, he wedded
Miss Alice Kiiqiia. Tiieir four ciiildien are:
Archie, Lenora, Data and an infant. He, too, is
a Kupiiblican, and, like his ijrothers, is a suc-
cessful farmer and highly respected citi/.en.

fAMKS AMU.MIAM, one of the most emi-
nently respected of Oregon's noble pio-
neers, u |)rosperoU8 citizen of Portland, and
a jj;enero\is ])liilanthropist, is, we reirret to say,
not an American by birth, for we would gladly
claim all that is great and ifood. However, he
is the next thing to it, that is, a native of the
Isle of Wii^ht, England, where he was born
.Inly ~"J, 1811.

His father was a merchant miller, who. by
the loss of several vessels, with their large car-
goes, was tinanciftlly ruined, and, in 18tii, emi-
t;rated to the United States, intending to make
H now start in life. He located in Ohio, then
a new and undeveloped country, where he (en-
gaged in farming, meeting with deserved pros-
perity.

•lames Abraham remained with his parents
until he attained his sixteenth year, when, pos-
sessing a muscular boily and iin ambitious mind,
he determined to be self-sujiporting. (Toing to
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, he was variously em-
ployed until niiu'teen years of age, when he en-
gaged in the trade of carving and gilding, in
the shop of John J). Morgan, manufacturer of
frames and mirrors. By his energy, industry,
and adaptability, he nuide rapid and etticient
jirogress in his new business, anil in a few
months accjuired the skill of a journeyman.
He then went to Louisville, Kentucky, as fore-
man of a shop which employeil many workmen
who were botii older and more e.\perienced than

he, the ])ush aMil cnthiisiar'.m of Mr. Abraham
I securing for him the position. He subnecpiently
purchased an interest in another company, and
gradually built up a handsome business, con-
tinuing with unabated prosperity until 1834,
when lie returned to Ohio, where he joined his
father in the erection of a sawmill, whiidi they
operat<'il together for twelve years To this
enterprise Mr. Abraham devoted much labori-
ous anil earnest work, but made little financial
progress, and, accordingly, in 184(1, sold out
[lis interest and returned to Louisville, where
he resumed his old trade.

He was married in Johnson county, Indiana,
August 1, 1841t, to Miss Jane St. .lolin, an es-
timable lady, and a native of Ohio, lie then
engaged in clearing a farm from timber, and
set iMit an orchard, but beintf too ambitious to
wait for his orchard to grow, and hearing in
the meantime most glowing accounts of the
marvelous opportunities of < tregon, he started,
in the s|)ring of 1852, with an invalid wife and
one child, for the Kl I)orado of the West. They
came all the way across the desolate plains with
an ox team, which slowly and laboriously crept
along.

Arriving in Oregon in tho fall of 1H52, he
located a donation claim of .320 acres, near East
Portland, on which he built a small shanty,
and, after comfortably installing his family in
their new quarters, he began to work for Meek
ife Luelling, nurserymen, with whom he learned
the |)roeess of grafting and caring for trees.
Subsequently, Mr. Abraham engaged in the
nursery business on his own account, making
his start without money, by picking up the dis-
carded I'oots from other nurseries. I'rom this
small beginning he extended his interests until
he succeeded in building \\\> an extcnaive and
prolitable trade.

Accumulating means, he engaged in the pur-
chase of real estate, thus becoming the proj)rie-
tor of the town sites of Sunnyside and Mount
Tabor, in both of which localities he resided for
a number of years. In 1870 he made the first
effort ever ettected toward the establishment of
a town at Sunnyside, which consisted in his
planting trees upon Maj)le avenue. In his
real-estate speculations, he has been a wise and
successful dealer; foreseeing the future great
destiny of the country, he adhered closely to his
convictions, and the results have fully verified
his fondest hopes. He was one of the active
promoters of the Mount Tabor railroad, for

HlSTUIir OH' (iltfCdOX.

Bit

which he, by liis iisiinl onovf/y uml |)i«r8t'vcriiiipi>,
secured vhIiiiiIiIc riifhl-of-way privilcj^eH.

N[r. Alinihniii Imn liceii iiH eiiriiijut in pruinot-
iii^ piililic hikI ciiiirititliie iiitiMVstH ha lie hn» in
Hceiiriiig his own. Tiiis is exeinjililiud in the
cane of tiui Portland Methodist llos|)itiil. To
this inHfitution iio Bold the .niij^niticent -itite on
whieh it is hiiilt, for the sum 'if ijcJd.OOO; hnt.
wheii it became enibarrnHBed for lack of funds
to i.iiniiiete and open the buildini^, cancelled the
obliiration of its trustees for the entire amount,
thuH making hiii donation to this institution,
^■^5,000, Another incident in point is that of
the erection of the Centenary Methoilist Episco-
pal ('hurch in Kast Portland. (»n the coni-
mencenient of this edifice, in 18U0, Mr. Abra-
ham doinited !S'2(),000, to which large sum he
added, at the time of the dedication of the build-
ing, in ISJil, S25,0()() more; thus enabliiifr its
trustees to dedicate it free of debt, a thing
which could not possibly have been done without
his princely giving.

Mr. Abraham has been an active member of
the ^[ethodi8t Episcopal ('hurch since ls5i},
and much of the time has held important olHcial
relations to it. lie is nov one of the Hoard of
Trustees of the Centenary (!hurch, and also of
the Portland Hospital.

Mr. and Mrs. Abrainim had one child, AVill-
iam .lay, a promising youth, but who died in
1864.

Thus is briefly given the most important
events of an active and useful life, whose efforts
have all been in the line of advancing the condi-
tion of his fellow-men, and have earned the
gratitude of thousands of this and coming gen-
erations.

[OLOMOX K. BROWN, who enjoys the
distinction of having been one of the first
settlers in the now populous Willamette
valley, was born in Clarke county, Ohio, in
1810. Ilis parents were AVilliam and Nettie
Brown, the former a native of Irelend and the
latter of Sonth (Jarolii.a.

The subject of our sketch was the eldest of
nine children, and his early years were spent in
an abundance of hard work on a Miami county
farm, in Ills native State, on which he toiled in-
cessantly in the summer and attended the public
schools in the winter.

In 1847 he and his family crossed the plains
to Oregon, consuming si.\ montlis and seven-

teen days on the trin. Arrivini; at thiMr des-
tination, they located nn a claim in llenton
ccmnty, near Monroe.

In Isl'J .Mr. lirown left his I'iiuiily on the
claim and went to (^alil'orniii, where he located
iiri l''eiithcr river, and enguj!;ed in i^mlcl mining.
lie remained only four months, inccting with
i|uit(- good success, and returned home with a
fair supply of the precious dust. His return
trip to ( >re;;on was made on an old sailing vcs
sel, and occupied seven weeks. Arriving; at
home, lu> purchased another ('laim with a por-
tion of his gold. This claim he owned and im-
proved for forty years, and maile of it one of
the choicest farms in the connlry. lie has re-
sided in Philomath, Benton county, almost
twenty years, and owns consiclerable of the
most valmible town property.

Mr. lirown was niarne(l, in IS:12, to a highly
estimable lady of Ohio, and they had four chil-
dren. Their married life was. liowe\er. des-
tined to but short duration, for after a few
years, the devoted wife and iiiothcr died. In
1S1:{ Mr. lirown married again, his second wife
being Miss Ann IJoland, by which marriage
there were eight children, four of whom are
now living. .Vbont twelve years ago Mrs.
Brown died, anil in Benton county, on Novem-
bor 14, 188(1, he was marrieii to an estiunible
willow, Mrs. linlda A. l>avis.

Mr. Brown is a Democrat in politics, and
takes an active interest in the affairs of his
State anil country.

He has passed his eighty-second birthday,
but looks robust and hearty, while his memory
is (.erfectly clear on all to|)ics, his convi-rsation
being re'idy and apt. He has been one of the
stanchest sup])orters of the town, which interest
has never flagj^ed or grown cold. He is greatly
esteemed by all who know him as an honorable
man ami worthy citizen.

P. BUNNELL, M. I)., of ilosebnrg, was
born in New Hampshire, April 15,
./N. ' 183ii. a son of (ieorge W. Hnnnell. Our
subject was educated in the district schools,
and in 1858 entered the Medical College of Ann
Arbor, Michigan, where he graduated in 18(i().
He then went immediately to Wisconsin, and
in 1872 located in Bosebnrg, where he has
since had a large and lucrative pr.icfice. Hi*

ots

lltHIVHr Oh' OHKOOS.

Iicailtil'iil p'siili'iicc is liiciili'il nil ( 'liiulwick llliil
iImcIx^om Hti'(^«!lH, iiikI Ih fiirrciiiiMlt'ii liy the tiiicst
liiwii ill tlui city. Mr. iSiuiiu'll ii- a iiiitiii'iii iiic-
ciiiiiiic, hikI III! tliiMii'lii'lcrt (if riii'iiitiiru iiri! tli(!
work iif liirt IuiikIh, and rtrtinticailv e()vt<r<itl with
K'li hIioIIh. Socially, lie is a Koval Arch Masnti,
Hii Odil Fellow uiKJ a Micinhci of the A. ( >. V .
W. lie wan niii! of the orif^iimtoiH of lloyal
Arch ('ha|>ter, .NO. II, lioseliiir^, of which liu
is now the Ili^h I'riewt. In IHHI he wan h|i-
iioiiii'Ml liy the (iiivtirnnieiit ai* K.\aiiiiiiin),r Siir-
ficoii (if the IJiircaii of I'ensio'ii.. aii'l has Murvcd
Hcvoriil years an Kjidiiiiniiif; Sur^eo, foi iiieiii-
li((rship i:i the lui|>;u.

Mr. |{iiii!<ell was iiiiiteil in iiiarria^f with
Miss Katie Sh;unway, ii native of .New Vork.
Their only (,'angnter, (Jhira, is the wife of .'. C.
l''iillertoii.

^"^J^^

?AM!;s ltATCIIKL()li,.IiiBtieeof the Teaw
of the city of Salem, was Itorn in (Jreat
liuiKl, Pennsylvania, May 11, 1^:21). Ilia
ancestry eiinie from liollaiul, in 17ll.i, and set-
tleil in Montgomery county. Now York, where
/. .1. 15a' helni', the father of our suhject, was
lioni. Later he removed to South iieiid, where
lie was en^iitreil in inechanical work until his
death, Juno 2'^, l*S2'il, leavini^ a widow and four
children, tiie Kuliject lieiiii; the youngest of the
family. He lived with iiis mother until nine
years of a4{(t, and then he was Iioiind out to
learn the tradi! of carpenter and wagon-maker,
where he was eiij^aged until twenty-one years of
age. receiving no education, a» his eiiiplover
demanded constant lalior. After completing
his term of service, he followed farming for
ahoiit three years, and through the kindness of
his employer he secured a modest education. In
\Hh:\ he began work for the 1). !,. iV: W. li. K.
Company, with whom he remaiiiod until 18^0,
])a8sing through the several stages of hrakeman,
ti reman, engineer, haggage-master, conductor and
train dis])atcher, filling |i(isitioiis of trust and re-
sponsihility, lie then returned to his friends in
iJiireaii county, Illinois, and on thi' 22d of
.Inly, iHfilJ. he enlisted in Company (!, of tlie
Ninety-third Uegimenf, Infantry, lUinoisVolun-
teers. Captain William Mrctwn. ('oloiiel Iloldoii
I'utnam, grandson of (n-ncral I'litnam, of Revo-
lutionary fame. The iNinoty-third Regiment
was assigned to the Fifteenth Army Corps, and

I esperieiieed their tirst engagement at liatchet
■ (h'cek. Mississippi, when they met the army
! under (leiieral I rice, in the i'.ill of 1^(12. Tlii'y
then moved mi to llnliy Springs, and then our
I suhject was detaoud to run a train carrying
i siipiilies to (ieneral (iraiit. at ColTeevilh). While
I on diitv he was taken prisoner hy (ieneral Van
Dorn, iiiit heing paroleil, he jniliud his regiment,
which then iiiiived to Memphis, and in i)ecem-
her went into winter ipiarters at Uidgeway, where
they remained until March, 1803, then moved
to llelcna, .Vrkansas, where the snliject was de-
tailetl to the gunboat. La I'ayettte, then patroling
the Mississippi river. In si.x weeks lie again
joined his regiment at Milliken's Mend, Louisi-
ana, and was one of the volunteers to i ■ 'i a
traiisjiort to take it below V'ieksljiirg, joining
his regiment at lirainsbiirg, where began the
great eiigagoment that lasted eighteen days, and
resulted in driving (ieneral Pemberton inside
the forts at X'icksbiirg. Then began the boiii-
liardiiieiit of Vii'ksbiirg, which continued until
July, 180;{, wdieii the city was Hiirrendered to
(ieneral (iraiit. Mr. Hatchelor was taken sick
from over exertion and e.\|i(lsure, and was I'oii-
tined in the Adams and Union llos|iitals until
September, when he was given a thirty days'
fiirloiiirh to iro home, wliiu'e sickness (letained
him until I'ebruary, 18t!4. Then he again joined
his regiment at lluntsville, .Mabaina, and was
in (ieneral Sherman's march through (ieorgia.
The regiment was then stationed at Altoona Pass,
the base of supplies for the army of (ieneral
Sherman, on guard duty, and was engaged in
what was known as the " hard-tack fight," on
October 15,18(54, and though large forces of
men were not employed, it was a very tierce
contest. The subject was wounded twice, but
not severely, and continued in the discharge of
his duties. In November his regiment was
movi'd to .\tlanta to join the forces of General
Sherman, and then began the great march from
Atlanta to the sea, our subject being detailed to
special duty, that of foraging for sujji'lies to
snp])ort the army. On arrival at Savannah, De-
cember 24, the city surrendered, and the sol-
diers celebrated a very merry Christmas. The
march was then continued through the Caro-
linas, with frequent skirmishes, until reaching
IJaleigh, North Carolina, where they remained
until the close of the war. The troops then
assembled at Wa ' ligtoii. District of Colum-
bia, and engaged in the grand review of May,
18G5, onr subject tilling the honorable positioi)

ntsrouY Oh' ohkoun.

inii

of ^uide on the HXtriMiio right, in advance of tlie
iniiin culiimn. Ilo whh iIkmi (lotHilril to liuHpi-
tftl ilnfy, and was tnnHlci-cd out in ■)nnt', IHd").
lt(ttui'niii;.r fi) ilia liDine in illiiuiix, wiicro In-
ruinainud nntil fail, lie Hfciirud the poxiticMi of
ticket ajffnt at Tond ('ipck Btafion, on the
liock laland ^ I'li^'fic Hern lio rcnniincil nn
til \.xl?t, reccivinj; n ntes of conunendation
from liin ofHcials.

Ilo was married in r(«nton, MiHgiHsippi, No-
vemlu'r 2(5, 187?? to MisH l-ilizalwlh .1. Sclioek,
daughter of V <'■. Daviu SciiocI:. South Hond.
Indiana. Jle tliiMi rofurnn' to Now MimI-
ford, lllinuiH, and refiiiiiicd hin trade of con-
tracting and Iniildiivr, v liich lie continni'd un-
til 188'.i, also filling the pogitiun of >lustico of
tlie I'eace, i'oHtinaati'i- of Trnxton, and Town
(/li'rk of Manline. Uond CominieBioncr and on
the Hoard of Siiporvieore, all in Hnrnan connty.
In Juno. 188:i, ho started for Oregon, locti'ini;
at Sulein, hi« lirst joh being the constniction of
the Seotch Capitol City Milln. lie has «inco
enf^ageil in contract work, farniiTiij, also lieing
janitor ami AsHintant iseiirgeiit-of-Arnis at the
State Capitol. In -Inly, 18lli'. he waH elected
Notary Public and Justice of the Peace, and
since IHHU has been proprietor of the Capitol
City Uestaurant.

He has two children: Carrie A., and Will-
iam L.

In 1870 and 1880 ho served as Census Knu-
nierator in Illinois, and in 181)0 in Salem. He
is Surgeon of Se<lgwick Post, No. 10, (t. A. li.,
Department of Oregon, ''

mi:m^^

tK. I'IjAIN, ilealer in {jeiit's furnishing
goods, elotliinfi, an<l lioots and shoes at
<* Albany. Oregon, is one of the proir:inent
anil prosperous liusiness men of the town.

Mr. Hlain was l)orn in Porter county, In-
dii .'a, in 18-12, son of Wilson and Klizabeth
(Wilson) Itlain, natives of Pennsylvania and
Aliehif^an respectively. His parents settled in
Portercounty, I t-.Jiana, about 1834. His father
was a minister of the Presbyterian Church, a
man of earnest, resolute character, and filled
with the missionary spirit, lie founded the
town of Hebron, Porter county, where he estiib-
lislied a church, bnilt up a congregation, and re-
mained until the spring of 18-18. Tliat year he
joined the tide of westward emigration, and

with his wife arnl three chililrun crosHcd thn
plaiiir- to Oregon, coining out as a missionary of
the Presbyterian (Jliiirch. He had two wagons
and eight yoke of oven. Their trip was wllliout
|paiticnlar iiicjilcnt until they weri' crossing the
Ciiscatle nioiintains by the I'.arlow route. There
the rough iiiid precipitous trail was loo much
for their poor mid jaded o.xeii, and they gave out
completely. While starMitioii and death in tlie
nioiintaing stared the heroic i)arty in the face,
they wen^ met by a man from the Willuinetto
valley, a Mr. Watson, who was looking for
friends. He kindly rcnde'cd tlieiil assistance,
lieljiiiig them with iiis fresh teams to reach the
valley and keeping them at his limise until they
Were rested and their catde soiiicwhsit reciiper-
ateil. This Mr. lilain always considered as
resulting from the kiml watchfulness of his
Heavenly lather. In due time they ]>rocceded
to ( (regoii City, where Mr. lilain remained 'wo
years, preaching and tciicbiiig and editing the
Oregon .Sju-ctalor. While iiiere it was elected
to the lirst Territorial Legislature. In 1 Sol I he
came to I. inn county, took iiji u secrion of laml
near lirowiisville, and fouiiilei! tlie little town
called Union Point. Here he Imilt a school-
iioiiso and a church. The memliership of the
latter ho increased to seventy. This town, with
its several stores and business places, was a
scene of stirring activity during iiis life; but.
with his death in 1800, it siiffereil a terrible
blow and gradually becanio depopiilatoil, until
now only the name exists. Mrs. Mlaiii is still
living, having ri'iiched the ailvanced age of
seventy-seven years.

li. K. lilain is the oldest of six children, all of
whom are living. He receiveil his education
under his father's tcacliings, and when his fiither
died he took charge of the farm until bis broth-
ers reached mature years. In 18(]1 ami 'ti'J ho
engaged in the stock liiisincssin (Cistern Oregon,
and was one of the tirst developers of the Idalio
mines in tlie vicinity of Li^wistoii. The am-
bition of his boyhood had been to enter mercan-
tile life, and in March, 18)Si3, his wishes were
gratified by his secMiring a clerkship in the gen
eral merchandiso store of John Connor, with
whom he remained until ISCiO. That year he
entered into a nartnersliip with .lohn IJarrows

I a p
K. S

and Samuel K. ^'oiliig, and under the firm name
of J. Harrows i^; Co. engaged in the sale of
general merchandise and agricultural iiiiple-
iiients. In 1874 Mr. Harrows withdrew, selling
his interest to Messrs. Hlain A: Voniig, who

08O

I/ISTOItr OF OREaON.

continued tofretlier iinlil 1870, wlien tliey iJis-
Kohvil, Mr. Young eontinuintr aloiio. Mr.
lilain tlinn eatablislied a store for the ealo of
gent's fuinisliiiig (roods, clotliing uiid boots nud
shoes, and in this business lie is still engaged.

He was married in Albany, in 18(55, to Miss
Mrtry M. .Miller, daiigbtei' of Dr. William
Miller, a picjneer of 1852, who followed his pro-
fession in Alliany until his denth in 1864.

Politically Mr. I'lain is a Republican.

ill. FORMES RARCLAY.— Among the
Worthy and irood men who came to ( )re-
gon t'ity, in 1850, none are more de-
Kervinjr of honorable mention than J)r. Barclay,
now deceased. This gentle'iian was born on the
Shetland isles, Scotland, December 25, 1812.
Ilis parents were Dr. John and (Charlotte (Spen-
cer) llarclay, th" latter the daughter of AVilliam
Spencer, of (Turdenstein, Scotland.

In IbiMt Dr. I'.arclay left England for Van-
couver, to take the position of physician for the
Iludson'i Hay Clompuny. Tiie journey occupied
nine months, and lie remained ten months
treatir'g the otticers of the company and all who
needed medical treatment. In 1850 ho came to
Oregon City, and continued his practice for
many years, never refusing to resj)ond to any
call made upon his skill, whether the jiatient
was rich or poor, far or near, and by his liber-
ality, as well !i8 !)y his ability as a ])hysician,
he won hosts of friends wherever he chanced to
be. He practiced for twenty-three years in
Oregon City, durino; ail of that time he utterly
ignored himself, and strove to benefit human-
ity.

Ho was married in 1842 to A[iss Maud
I'ambnim, a native of Bi'itish Columbia, whose
father served in the war of 1812, and later was
connected with the Hudson's Hay Company.
The Doctor and his wife had the following chil-
ilren: Peter T., residing in California, secretary
of a company ; Alexander I., resides at the home;
the daughter, A. C. A., now resides at the h</ino
place; Hattio, wife of Mr. William Pratt,
superintendent of the locks at Oregon I'ity; and
William C.,a seaman, first mate of a ship.

The death of this good man occurred in 187ii,
from typhoid and pnenmonia, contracted from
his jiatients, his system being relaxed from over-
work. His faithful wife surviveil him seven-

teen years, until 189((, when she, too, passed
away, in her sixty-third year. She was one of
the typical women of Oregon City, and was
highly esteemed for her many noble traits of
both iiead and heart.

The Doctor was Treasurer of the Masonic
lodge at Oregon ('ity, from 1853 until the
time of his death, lie was reared a Presby-
terian, but in the absence of his own church,
when he came to Oregon City, he joined the
Metiiodist Church, of which he was a consistent
member.

Ill 1850 lie and his wife built the home on
Main street, on a half block of land, which he
purchased for the jiurpose. The material for
the house was brought from Boston, Massachu-
setts. The workmen received $10 per day for
erectir.g the house, wliicli when completed cost
$17,000. Here this good man and his family
lived for forty-two years, and the property is
very valuable now.

There never occurred a death in Oregon City
whicih caused so much seneral mourninir asthat
of \h\ Uarclay's. In addition to his profes-
.liorial ability he was a man calculated to win
and retain the admiration and respect of all with
whom he was brought in contact, either socially
or professionally. ' ..

>-#~f-4'

fL. BL.VKESLEE, one of tlie pioneers and
early educators of I'nion county, was born
* in is'ew Rerliii, Chenango county, ,\ew
York, March IH, 1827. His father, Levi
IJIakeslee, wasa native of Litchfield, Connecticut,
and he was married to Paltie Tooley, a native
of Rrailford, Massachusetts, and then moved, in

1840. to Michigan. He was a manufaeturer,
having erected large man ii factories in Michigan
for cotton, wool and Hour. In addition he
owned GOO acres of farming land, and died, in

1841, aged si.xty-six. His wife survived him
until 1872, when she died, aged eighty-eight.
They Imd a family of iiiiie children, seven of
whom are still living, an<l our subject is the
youngest of tlie family. He is now sixty-five
years of age, and has a sister who is ninety
years of age.

Our siiliject was educated in Miidiigan, after
attending the Ontario (College, at Ontario Indi-
ana. He taiiglit scliool for a iin-iiber of years
in Michigan. In 1864 Judge Blakeslec came to

It I STORY OF ORSOOlf.

081

Oregon, aloiio, li'iiving his family l>oliiii(l liiiu
as he made the long trip acrons the phiins. After
arrival in Union City ho tiiiight school for three
years, and then made his way home via Isthmus
of Panama, lie then hronght his family and
postiessions across the plains with teams and
lollowed teaching in Oregon, after his return to
that State. The first school of Summervillo was
taught by him, also one at Union. At the lat-
ter place he remained fo\ir years, and during
that time was very successful, having as many
as 125 pupils. During liis vacations he would
prospect in the mountains for gold. lie liought
a farm of 200 acres, on which he erected a feed
mill to grind feed for the freighters and pack
teams that passed from I'nuitilla landing to
Idaho. This mill was run hy water-power, and
ho sold it for $11,000, and his land brougiit a
very high price, as it was adjoining town.

In 1889 iMr. 131akeslee was elected City Re-
corder of Union, and in 1890 tfustice of the
Peace of Union township, and in 1802 Justice
of the Peac« for three townships.

Judge Blakeslee was married, in 1848, to
Miss Caroline Dewey, of Kalamazoo, Michigan.
She was born in 1827. Mr. and Mrs. Blakeslee
have had seven children born to them, of whom
live are yet living, namely: W. B., a farmer
near Union; Linn is a graduate in a medical
college of Chicago, and now practices in ("aid-
well, Idaho; Lillian, wife of W. II. Stafford;
Ida,"wife of Whit Hall, merchant in Marion:
and Abba, the youngest daughter, resides with
her parents and is a stenographer and tyj)e- writer,
engaged in the county clerk's office of Union.

The Judge has been very successful in all his
enterprises, having started a poor boy and
worked his way up until ho is now the owner of
a good residence and a block of land in Union,
besides other j)roperty. lie has always been
one of the leading men of his city and is always
ready to assist in the upbuilding of churches
and other public buildings. lie has been a
member of the Masonic order since ISoti, and a
Republican ever since thii organization of the
party, and prior to that i'e was an old-line Whig.

fOIIX BURNS, a prominent farmer and
business man, of Polk county, and an
esteemed Oregon pioneer of 1848, was born
in Illinois, April 28, 1833. He is of Scotch an-
cestry, his grandfather. Garrett Burns, being a

cousin of the reiiowtii'l Scottish i)ard, Uobert
Burns. Our subject's father, William Burns,
was b(jrn in Iventuckv, in 1800. He miirried
itachel Ford, a native of Ohio, born in IMl.
She was the daughter of Robert Ford, and they
had a family (jf eleven children, all of whom they
reared to maturity, and all but two of them are
still living. With his wife and eight children
he crossed the plains to Oregon in 1848. The
journey was made with oxen, and six months
were consumeil in the trip. Our subject was
then in his sixteenth year, anil was of much as-
sistance to his father in that trip. They started
March 23d, from Kendall county, Illinois, and
arrived at Foster's farm, in the Willamette val-
ley, September 27, 1848. The Mormons had
stolen eight head of their cattle, but by pursu-
ing the thieves they were able to regain them.
One woman, Mrs. Fonts, died and was buried by
the way. Mr. Burns' father purchaeed the right
to adonation claim on the LMckamntc, and tlien
went overland to California, in 1849, to the gold
diggings on I'ufte creek. He mined here and on
the Mariposa. While there, he was the ^discov-
erer of a claim that is still known as the Burns'
diggings. He retired to his farm in Oregon
with 82,000. In 1852 he returned East, bought
a drove of stock, and in 18o3 drove them back
across the ])lains. He had purciiased his land
claim on the Luekamute of Colonel Waters, and
he resided on this property until 187o, when he
retired to California and died on the 23d
of December of that year. His wife survived
him until 1887, when she, too, died.

Our subjei^t resided with his father until his
twenty-first year, when he settled in Benton
county, where lie purchased a settler's right to
320 acres of land. Here he engaged in farming
and stock-raising successfully until iStiti, when
he sold and came to Polk county and urchased
400 acres of land of W. Selling, wli> .'c he has
resided, worked and prospered for fifteen years,
adding to his lands two other tractsof 320a('r(^8
each, making 1,040 acres, all in Polk county.
In 18S8 he purchased a tloiiring mill on the
Luekamute, which he is still running, in addi-
tion to his farming iiit(>rests. it has a full roll-
erprocess, and he is doing a good business.

Mr. Burns was nnirried in December, 1H.")3, to
Miss Susan Hickland, a native of Indiana, horn
in 1x3)5. She was the daughter of John Hick-
land, who came to Oregon in 18.")l. 'i'liis lady
bore her busbund seven children, namely; .Ldin
1-., married and residing in east Oreg.m; .Vrlhur

.1 .kS,
■ \1.

983

lIIffTORy OF ORKOON.

(^., resides in I'olk coiinty; Theodore M., lit
liDine; Eliza, wife of .laiiics Montgoinery, re-
sides in Cook county; (Inrinda, wife of James
McUermeat, rewidea in eastern Oregon; Emma
is a widow, and the youngest, .lolin, resides in
I'olk county. In .lanuary, 1876, Mrs. Hnrns
died, imd ( >ctoher 3, 187'.t, Mr. liurns married
Mrs. Cornelia Evans, the widow of William
Eviins. She had a daughter, now Mrs. Charlie
Brown, of Independence. Mr. and ^frs. Burns
have one child. Ruble Muretta.

Mr. Burns is a Democrat in politics, hut has
always declined office. lie has, by industry and
intelligent effori, succeeded, and he has gained
the good-will and esteem of all who know him.

frD(iE DEAN BLA NCR ARI). — There
are few names better or more favorrbly
known along the lower Columbia river than
that which heads this sketch. lie has been a
resident of Oregon since 1854, and of llainier
many years, llis jiolitical career and work in
many other channels during his residence here
has made him known to numy who would per-
haps luwer have learned of him otherwise, and
iieing a gentleman of most kiiully. sympathetic
ind pleasing manner, it is iuit natural that lie
should have many friends throughout the
State.

.Imlge lilaiichiird was born in Madison, Maine,
December 20, 1832, of a good American family,
which was established in New England iit col-
onial days, the great-grandfather taking part in
the Revolutionary war, where he was a captain,
and his grandfather Weston settled in Maine in
178(i, but his fathei', Merril lilanchard was horn
in Massachusetts. The mother of Judge
Blanehard was named Eunice Weston Blanch-
ard, was a native of Maine and died in 1842,
her husband surviving until 1887.

Our subject was the second in a family of
eight children, and his early life was that of a
farnu'r and clerk, but later he learned the car-
penter trade, lie came to Oregon via Xicarauga,
in the old steamer. Northern Light, lie en-
gaged in clerking at St. Helen for a time, and
then joined a (toverument expedition to lioiso
(^ity, Idaho, being assistant wagon nnister. lie
lias followed his trade for several years at differ-
ent points, ai'.il has engaged in clerking at
I'ortlaiid, Vanc()uver and other points. Ji. 18o7

he was made Auditor of Columbia county, and
in 1858 was made County Clerk, being the first
incumbent in otHee.

The year 18(i3 found our subject at Rainier,
engaged in the sawmill busines, and he still
owns this plant and also a wood Hume, which
supplies the river boats when in jmrt witli with
fuel and fills large contracts outside. The Judge
is a large land owner, possessing 1,000 acres of
timber, besides tide lan<l8 and city property at
Astoria. In 1874 he was elected County Judge,
and has been re-elected several terms since then,
lie was iriade Postmaster at Rainier in 1864, and
has held that office constantly ever since. In
1863 he established a mercantile store at this
place, which he still conducts. 'His political
views are Republican, and he has always been
active in political life. He affiliates socially with
A. F. & A. M., with A. O. r. W. and K. of
P. and has passed the chairs in the first named
order ar.d belongs to St. John's Chapter of
Astoria, and also is a member of the State Pio-
neer Association.

jURTOX BROS., manufacturers of brick.
Salem, Oregon, are the proprietors of one
of the most important industries of this

In 1875 Alvin A. Burton, a member of the
firm, came to Salem as foreman of the brick
manufactory at the State penitentiary, this in-
stitution having the contract for the brick to be
used in the construction of the State Asylum for
the Insane. lie tilled tiiis position for five
years, and under his direction an enor'nous
amount of work was accomplished. Lutnan
Burton came to Salem in 1878, and occupied a
position similar to that of his brother at the
State penitentiary. Edwin and IVrcy Burton
emigrated to the State more recently, but as-
sisted in the organi/ation of the firm of Burton
I'ros,

They have tweh e acres of ground where their
yards are located, aiul are nuiking arrangements
to open a second yard in Portland, Oregon.
Each of the four brothers is a practical work-
man, having been trained to tlie bueinesH by
their father, who was master of the craft. They
manufacture about 2,500,000 of brick an.oiallv,
an<l have furnished the material for many of the
tine blocks built in Salem. They are all ineii

UtSTORY OP ORSaON.

of energy and superior business ability, au'l
biive placed their busiueas among the leading
(^stablishmontB of the city.

They are natives of Rochester, New York,
and removed to Illinois in 1851). Luuian and
Kdwiii belong to tlie A. (). U. W. and tlied. A.
It.; both were soldiers in tlie late civil war, and
served until the close of the war; they saw much
hard fighting, and Luman was wounded at the
battle of Shiloli by a guntthot, whii-h carried away
a splinter of bone from his left leg. lie was a
j'outh of sixteen years when he enlisteii, and
was a drummer-boy while in camp; l."* when
there was a battle he carried u gun and fought
with liis company. Too much cannot be said
ill praise of the men who jeopardize<l their lives
that the nation might be saved, and the great
republic of the United States might be pre-
served.

fROF. HENRY NICHOLAS BOLAN-
DER of Portland Oregon, is a native of
Germauy, born in Ilesse, now a part of
Prussia, February 22, 1831. His parents were
both Germans, and he was raised and educated
in hif- native hind, and in 1840 came to the
United Slates and entered the theological semin-
ary of Columbus, Ohio, and was a teacher for
some years in the schools of that city. He was
principal of the German- English school there,
for two years. In 18(il he came to California
because of the failure of his health. He set-
tled in California, and for a few years was Pro-
fessor of German in the private school of r)r.
E. Colin. He then received the appointment of
botanist on the survey on the coast of Califor-
.lia, and he served in tliis capacity for a year and
a half. He continued his researches in botany
for ten years, doing much good in that direction.
In the ffill of 186b he was elected principal of
the Cosmopolite schools of San Francisco, and
retained the position until 1871, when lie was
elected superintendent of the institutes of
California. At the expiration of his term of
office was elected superintendent of the schools
of San Francisco. His term expired in 1877.
The next year he made a trip to Central Amer-
ica. In 1882 ho went to Peru and Chili, and
from there to Europe, visiting liis native land.
Ill 1882 li" came to I'ortland, Oregan, ami be-
came Professor of German, in the Bishop Scott

Academy and St. Helen. He also had several
classes in geometry, trigonometry and liotany,
in all of whicli I'rof. I'olander is very tborougli.
In botany he is considered a vei'y higlnuithority
indeed, iiecause of his extensive lesearch in
this study, the title of doctor wns conl'erred
upon him by the liafayette College of Penn-
sylvania.

In 1857 Prof. Bolander married Miss Mary
■lenner, the daughter of Samuel Hiigg. of
Switzerland. They have haii nine children as
follows: Louise .1., now the wife of II. Callender
and resides in San Francisco; Mary J. married
Mr. Ilervey, but she is now a widow and resides
in San .lose; Amelia J. is the wife of William
Eppelsheimer, they reside in San Francisco, hi' is
the aiulitor of the first cable railway in the city;
Edward J. is also in San Francisco; Henry J.
was connected with the Panama steamer, but
died of consumption, February 22, 1889; Louis
Philip is engaged in the ])laning-mill business;
Theodore Lincoln, merchant, residing at Port-
land with his parents; Clara Henrietta is the
wife of Mr. J. Wright; and Malviua was the
wife of Mr. Frank Anderson. The two last
named are twins, and arelioarty, strong women,
and reside in i'ortland. Prof. Bolanilcr has fif-
teen grandchildren, some of whom are married.
He is a member of I. O. O. F., and a charter
member of the Science (Mtibof Portland, lie
is a Republican in politics, and is a faithful
member of the Episcopal Churcli. He is a well
preserved man, and is highly esteemed because
of his mental attainments, as well as because of
his fine character.

— -^^M^W-^ —

»40n IS B L V M A V E It. president of tlie
Tvll IMumauer Fratik Drug Company. I'ort-
4^ land, Oregon, is a native of this city, born
in 185(5. As one of the representative business
men of Portland, he is entitled to some per-
sonal consideration in this work. A brief res-
ume of his life is as follows:

Simon Biumauer, his father, a native
Bavaria. Germany, emigrated to .Vmerica
1848, aiul located in New York city, where
mai'ried and engaged in a meicantile life.
185;} lie purchased an increased stock of goods
anil started for Portland, Oregon, by steamei'
aiiil the Isthmus of Panama. After his arri\al
in I'ortland he f(irmed a co-partnership, iiikIit

of
in

lie
In

BtSTORf OF OR^aON

tiic imini! (>r Hliiinaiier & liosciihlatt, wliich
firm condiicttfd a successful gciientl incrcliaiuliBe
buBini'ss until 187v5. That year Mr. Rliimaiier
sold out and retired from active l)usiiies8. He
liiiilt tlie Hlumiiuer Hlocl<, corner of Fourtli and
Morrison ntreets, and lias other valuable im-
proved and uiiini])roveil jiroperty interests.

l.ouiB Hluinaucr receivt-d his classical ednca-
ti((n ill I'ortland, and then entered the New
York Collefje of Pharmacy, New York, where
he graduated in 187(). lietuniing to Portland,
he became a member of the tiriii of Bliimauer
& Iluebner, which opened a retail drug store on
First street, between Morrison and Yatn Hill
streets. After two years the firm dissolved,
Mr. Hlumauer purchasing the entire interest,
which he continued niider the name of L.
Hlumauer t.V: Co., with a large and lucrative
trade, until 1S90. i iiat year lie removed to the
corner of Fourth and Morrison streets, organ-
ized and incorporated the JJlumaner-Frank Drug
Company, and engaged in the wholesale drug
liiisiness. Of this company, he was made presi-
dent, and still holds that position. Prosperity
attended their efforts, and it soon became neces-
sary to increase their facilities for business. In
February, 1892, they removed to the new Wil-
Bon Block, on Fourth street, which was built for
their occupancy. This building is 50x90 feet,
four stories and basement, every apartment of it
l)eing occupied by tins firm.

i[r. lilumauer was married in San Francisco,
in 18H4:, to Miss Frances Carpenter, a native oi
Vermont.

He is a member of the Alumni of the Xew
Y^ork College of Pharmacy, and of the Ameri-
can Pharmaceutical Association of the United
States. ,

[AMIIKI, HKIPLE, a prominent farmer of
C'laekainas county, and an Oregon pioneer
of 18r)2, was born in the State or Penn-
sylvania, September 1. 1S28, and is of (ierinan
descent. (Jreat-grandfather Heiple, a native of
Germany, came to America and settled in Penn-
sylvania previous to the Revolution. His son,
David Heiple. lived to be ninety years of age,
and his son, also nameil David, was born in
Somerset county. I'ennsylvania, November 15,
179M. The younger David Heiple, father of our
Bubject. was married in his native Stafi' to Miss

Tenney Swanck, a <laughter of .facob Swanck,
their marriage occuring June 29, 1824. In
1829 they removed to Ohio, and in 1841 from
there to Nlissonri, settling in Cedarville town-
ship, itockf'ord county, where his death occnr-
red September 24, 1857. They had ten chil-
dren, of whom Samuel, the third born, is now tlie
only survivor.

Mr. Heiple went with his parents to (Jliio,
where ho resided thirteen years. He then re-
turned to Pennsylvania, and subsecjuently came
from there to Oregon, driving an ox team to pay
for his board during the journey. That year,

1852, is noted in the annals of history as the
cholera year, and the train with which ouryonng
friend traveled did not escape the epidemic.
While on the Platte he was taken with the
cholera one morning, and before getting up his
team some of the Ohio boya gave him alcohol
to drink. He waded the river six times in se-
curing the teams, a part of the way the water
being neck deep. Ho has always attributed
his recovery to the alcohol and the water. Many
were the emigrants he helped to bury on that
memorable journey, and he recalls the scenes at
tliose new-made graves as among the saddest
he ever witnesced.

Mr. Heiple arrived in East Portland early in
December. He camped there in the heavy tim-
ber and cut logs and mr'le rails. He remem-
bers having split 2,600 rails for fifty pounds of
fioiir. It was a hard winter and, not withstand-
ing he worked right along regardless of the rain
and snow, he ran behind in his expenses Ji20,
and then only liad salt pork, coffee, bread and
molasses. In the spring he went to . et
sonnd. where he worked' till the 4tli of Jiify,

1853. Then after living in Marion county,
two years, returned to Portland. He was en-
gaged in cutting cord wood there, two years and
after that took contracts to furnish the steam-
boats with wood, remaining there, t! '•js engaged
sixteen years. In 1883 he purchased 67iJ acres
of land in Clackamas coi'iity, to which property
he removed in 1888. and on which he has since
made extensive imj)roveinents. He jiurchased
ten acres of land in East Portland, from which
he cut the steamboat wood before mentioned
and a part of the land he afterward sold for
1^20,000. The remaining portion is now worth
!?45.()00.

November 1. 18ti5, he was married to Miss
Mary Jones, a native of Missouri and a daugh-
ter of Gi'ortie Jones, a native of the State of

IlISTOHY OF OliEOON.

98fl

Ohio. The Joiie» family cuino to Oregon in
1861, and Mi-. .lonos becann' one of the promi-
nent citizen^ of tiie State. At the time of his
death ho wis tlie cwner of three valuable farms.
lie died Aniriist 22, 1888, and his wife paened
away about eight months before. They had
twelve children, of whom nine are now living,
Mrs. Ilciple being the sixth born. At lier
father's death she inherited a fourth interest in
290 acres of land, located three miles east of the
city of Salom. ]\[r. and Mrs. Ileiple have had
eight children, as follows: Noah F.; (George S.,
wlio died in his fourth year; Simon E.; Edgar
R. ; Harlan L., who died at the age of sixteen
months; Henry C, Cleveland G., and Clara .f.
Mr. Ileiple is a uiomber of the Farmers' Al-
liance, and is Vice-President of the order in
Clackamas county. He is a good farmer and a
reliable and worthy citizen, who l)y his own hon-
est efforts, has risen to be one of the most pros-
perous men of liis county.

IK. JOIIX FIELD, the pioneer physician
of Sheridan, (Jregon, was born in Daviess
county, Kentucky, ifarch 22, 1837. The
Doctor's ancestors were among the earliest set-
tlers in the colony of Virginia, having come to
this country from Englatid. (Grandfather Reu-
ben Field was born in Virginia and was among
the early emigrants to Kentucky. He partici-
pated in both the Revolution and the war of
1812. His son, George, the Doctor's father,
was born in Kentucky in isoy, and when he
grew up married Miss Susan Tanner, who was
born the same year and in the same State he
was. Her people were also of Knglish descent
and had moved from Virginia to Kentucky
about the time the Fields did. Her father
was Saul K'.ig Tanner, (ieorge Field and his
wife had eight children, of whom our subject
was the oldest. The father died at the old Ken-
tucky homestead in 1876, and the mother passed
away in 1878. l?oth were members of the Hap-
tist Church. Dr. Field received his early edu-
cation in the district schools. He began the
study of medicine in tlio office of Dr. James S.
Jones in McLean county, Kentucky, and attend-
ed the K-mtucky School of .Medicine at Louis-
ville in the years 1857"'58-'.")y, graduating in
1860. He began the practice of lii> profession
in 1858 in tlie town of Calhoun, where he contin-

ued until 1861. He then removed to Hig Renil
of Green river, where he practiced until 186S.
That year he returned to his native town, and
in 1872 came from there direct to Sheridan,
Oregon.

At the time Dr. Field arrived in Oregon Sher-
idan WHS a new town and had no ]ihysician.
Hero he has spent twenty of the best years of his
professional life, going all over the country, both
night and day, in rain and shine, on errands of
mercy to the sick and suffering, never stopping
to ask if they were able to pay; and thus the rich
and the poor alike have had the benefit of his
professional skill. It has been a hard life, but
the wiry constitution of the Doctor has stood it
well and he is still active and useful in his pro-
fession.

In 1873 he received the appointment of phy-
sician to the Grande lionde Indian Agency, an<l
served satisfactorily in that capacity until 1875.
In 1883 he was again appointed to the same po-
sition, which lie filled most creditably until 1886,
this time also serving as clerk. His j)rofe88ional
career has thus far been one of marked success,
his large and lucrative ])ractice extending
throughout both Yam Hill and I'olk counties.

From the time he first took up his residence
here Dr. Field has been thoroughly identified
with the best interests of the town, not oidy in a
professional way but also as a liroad-minded and

public-sj)irited citizen. He has served as I'olice
tMidge of Sheridan, and is now 8er\ing his third
term as Justice of thi« Peace. The Doctor was
a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity
in McLean county, Kentucky, was one of the
charter members of the Ueech (irove Lodge,
No. 423, and was the first Master of the Lodge.
He is Past Grand of Sheridan Lodge, No. 87,
1. O. O. F., and has served the lodge very ably
several years as its Secretary. He is also Ite-
orderof Sheridan Lodge, .No. 37, .\.'0. U. \V.

From his Virginia ancestors the Doctor in-
herits t'.iat warmhearted friendship and genial
hospitality which so characterized them, and like
them he is Democi'atic in his political views.

He was married in Calhoun, McLean county,
Kentucky, October 1."). lHr)8. to Aliss Harbara
K. Jones, the daughter of Dr. Jones, with whom
he first studied medicine. She was born in
Ohio connty, Kentucky, within five miles of the
Doctoi's birthplace. 'I'hey liiive had seven
children, all excc|)t two having ilied in infancy.

The oldest son, Clinton, is a prominent phy-

ill

w«

in STORY OP OREGON.

hiciaii of Ofrletliorpc, Gporijiji, jiikI tlic yoniigC8t,
Koscoc, is witli liis jjiirciits at Slioridrtii. Soon
at'tfi- his arrival licrc, tlio Doctor piircliaPcd
t)ro])erty and Imilt the pleasant home in wliieli
hu now resides.

tW.VA CAVK, one of Oregon's respected
pioneers, came to Wnlia WaUa, then a part
of Oregon, in 1843, and from there lie
came, to Washington county in 184'4. Mr.
Cave was liorn at I'latto Purchase, Platte connty,
Missouri, on .\[arch 5, 1841. His father. Rev.
James t'ave, a minister of tiie Methodist denom-
ination, was born in Virginia and married
Miss Crump. They had four children in the
East, and tliey brought them with them in 1843.
A fifth one was born at AVhitnmn's station,
whom they named Joseph, the winter after they
arrived in Oregon. The eldest daughter named
Barthena died in 1857; a son. Hartlet, lives near
Salem. ]\[ary .\. is now Mrs. Q\iitin and re-
sides in Salem. The next child was Ililey, who
is the subject of this sketch; the younifest was
Joseph. The father settled in Tualltin plains,
and later settled on a donation claim in Yarn
Hill connty, and after several years spent there
he went to Washington county, seven miles
north of Hillsboro, where he made a home and
resided until 1861, when his death occurred.
His wife died in 1844 and he never married
again. Mr. Cave was sent to school at North
plain, and the school was kept in a log cabin,
with a dirt tloor and split benches. The pupils
were half-breeds and Indians. They had no
books and the walls were made of split logs and
on this the teacher made the letters and tigures
with charcoal. There were so many wild
animals that the children had to take the dogs
to school with them to ))rotect them. Some-
tinu'S the dogs which they tied outside the door,
became united and began to tight. Later Mr.
Cave was sent to the academy at Forest 'irove,
where he received a good school education. He
learned the blacksmith trade, and became noted
as being one of the uest shoers of fast horses in
tlu' county. In ls,")5 he furnished his own
horse and equipments and served in the Indian
■war. .\t Poise in lsi)2 he also jiartieipated in
the fight with the Indians.

When he became old enough to take a claim,
later emigrants had arrived, and all the laud

was taken. In 1808 he opened his first black-
smith shop in Hillshori), in which he has con-
tinued since, and has always made the shoeing
of fast horses a sjieciality. In ii>(87 he opened
a hardware store in Hillsboro, and has since run
both store and shoj), doing a successful business.
He built his home in 1868 and his store in
1888. He married Melinda Poyd. of Platte
county, Missouri, on April 12, 1866. She is
the daughter of Michael Poyd. Mr. and Mrs.
Cave have had five children, as follows: J. W.,
L. M., C. M. ; and liosa Lottie died in her fifth
year. L. M. is the wife of William (r. Loman.
Mr. Cave is a worthy member of Tnalitin Lodge,
A. V. »fe A. M.. and is I'ast Master of his lodge.
He served fourteen years as J ustice of the
Peace in Hillsboro and made a most satisfactory
officer, making his decisions justly and consist-
ently, and his judgment was seldom found to be
at fault. One case was carried to the superior
court and his decision was ap|)roved. Mr. Cave
takes just pride in the growth and development
of his State, and is devoted to the interests of
his town, and he has the good-will of all the
citizens of town and county.

— 'i^^m:m^^ —

fll. CHIlISMAX.oneof the representative
citizens of Eugene, was born in Andrew
<* county. Missouri, December 2, 1848.
His parents. (Campbell E. and Phiebe (Flannery)
Chrisman were natives of X'^irginiaand removed
to Missouri about 1840, where Mr. Chrisman
followed farming and stock-raising. Li 1851,
with his wife and seven children, he started for
Oregon, with well ecjuipped wagons and ox
teams and a number of loose cattle, i'ossessing
every necessary requirement for the journey, it
was accomplished in safety. After crossing the
(Cascade mountains by the Barlow route, they
landed in Lane county in October and wintered
near (!oburg. In the spring of 1852 he bought
the (Jafionville property, but sold out in the
6|)ring o(' 185i5 and settled on the coast fork of
the Willamette river, where he took up and
bought additional land to amount to 740 acres
and engaged in fanning and stock-raising until
1878, when he sold out and settled in ('ottage
(irove, purchasing residence |)roperty, and there
died .lanuary, 1885. He was a liepublican in
politics and an ardent I'nion man, and in 1862
was elected to the State Senate, serving the terni
with loyalty and fervor.

II r STORY OF ORKGON.

087

( )ur subject was cduc»ttMl hI the union school
on South fork ami rciniiim-d at lionic, looking
aftiT tlie farm and stoi'k until 187(5, when he
removed to Lake county and engaj^ed in the
Btock hnsinesH, which he conducted very success-
fully, selling out in lS8i3 his band of cattle
numbering about 1,200 head. He then returned
to Cottage Grove and reniaiiu'd until 1884, when
lie went to Eugene and invested in business and
residence property, and engaged in loaning
money, which he has since followed. Mr. Chris-
man occupies a large and imposing residence on
the corner of Tenth and Cliarnelton streets,
which he purchased after its completion. In
1891 he erected the Chrisman Block-, twostory
brick, southwest corner of Ninth and Willamette
streets, which is handsomely and substantially
finished for business purposes. He was one of
the promoters of the Lugene Water Works, estab-
lished in 1886, and is a stockholder and direc-
tor of the First National Hank. He is a mem-
ber of no fraternal society, and is not active in
f)olitic8 though Republican in principles. His
ife is devoted to his business interests, which
are honorably conducted, and he possesses the
esteem of his fellow-citizens.

He was married at Cottage Grove, August 30,
1884, to Mary B. Markley, of Oregon, and
daughter of David Markley, a pioneer of 1850.
They have one child, Chester R.

— C$*+'

<•*-

»i()\. JOHN FLETCHEIi CAI'LES is a
well-known lawyer and highly re.ipected
citizen of Portland. He is a native of
Ashland county, Ohio, born on the 12th of
January, 18;52. His father, Jlobert I. Caples,
was a native of the State of Maryland and was
of (iermaii ancestry.

Mr. Caples, the subject of this sketch, was the
Youngest of ten children, seven of whom are
living. His father and family removed to
Seneca county, Ohio, in 18l:J2, soon after the
birth of the youngest child, and there, in that
new country, he was roared, lie attended the
little district school three months in the year,
(luring the winter, and became inured to the
hardy life of the Ohio pioneer. Later he was sent
to the Ohio Western I'liiversity at Delaware.
After this he read law with Stevenson 6c Alli-
son in liellefontaine, Ohio, and was admitted to
the bar in 1863. He practiced law in Find lay.

Ohio, until 185s, and then removed to Warsaw,
Indiana, where ho continued iiis iiracticc until
180."). He came to \'anc(Miv(!r, where he re-
mained until December, 18()ti. and then came to
Portland, where he has conducted a successful
practice for twenty-six years.

Mr. Caples became a voter just a little before
the birth of the Repuiilican party. Ho becaint^
an enthusiast in his opposition to the extension
of slavery, and later in his o|)position to seces-
sion. During his whole |)olitical history lie has
been an ardent defender of Republican (loctriiie.
and has, in every presidential campaign, made
powerful and effective arguments in favor of
continuing his party in power. Much credit is
due him for the success of Republicanism in the
State. In 1872 he was elected by his |)arty
to the State Legislatu'^e. It was an excitiiiir
session. A senator was elc<'ted and a bill was
introduced to sell the lock and the dam on the
Willamette river to the State. This bill he
ojiposed, and his manly course at that time has
ever since been a source of congratulation to
both himself and his friends. In 1878 he was
elected District Attorney, covering the counties
of Multnomah, Clackamas, Washington, Colum-
bia and Clatsop. This otlice he tilled in tlu*
most satisfactory manner for six successive
years. Since then he has continued in a lucra-
tive practice of the law in Portland. Ho is
now the senior member of the firm of Ca])los,
Hurley it Allor, one of the strong law firms of
the city, both the'other members of the tirni be-
ing lawyers of high reputation and ability. Mr.
Ca])leshas from time to time invested his surplus
means in city pro[)erty, which has materially
advanced in value.

In 1854 he was married, in Champaign county,
Ohio, to Miss Sarah J. Morrison, a luitive of
that State and a daught(M- of Mr. F. A. Morri-
son, originally from X'irginia. This union was
blessed with six children; the eldest, a daughter.
Carrie, is the wife of Dr. \V. H. Sayler. of Port-,
land, and his daughter, . I ennin is a teacher in the
public schools of that city. Nellieis the wileof Mr.
K. F. Mathow, and resides at I'uttevillo, Oregon;
MoUie is the wife of A. M. Anthony, and resides
in Los Angeles; Maggie married Mr. Lee Paget,
and resides in Portland.

Mrs. Caples dieil on the 4th of December,
1877, and Mr. Caples has since remained single.

In 1884 he built a nice residence, .'^e\cnth
Avenue and East Park, and In that line part of
the beautiful city of Portland he resides with

•ms

nrsroRY of ohecon.

)iiH dniigliter, who is Btill at homo with him.

Mr. Caplcs is informed on nil questions of tht'
ilay, itnd is a woll read and experionced lawyer,
and a very fluent, fori'il)le and eloquent speaker.
As a eiti/.en lu^ is reliable, us a friend he is
steadfast, as a neighbor he is kind-liearteil and
^cnorons. Socially he isun airreeable ifentlenian.
lie loves ( >regon and enjoys the esteem of his
fellow-citi/ens.

••^

lU. WALTER EDWAIU) CARfJ-, one of
the most worthy representatives of the
medical j)rofe8sion in Orej^on City, was
iiorn in Chicopet!, Massaciiusetts, October 2(i,
185S. His father, .iason L. Carll, was born in
Elaine, of English ancestors, who settled in this
country ])revions to the Hevolutioii. The Doctor
lias in his jiossession the old tiint-lock musket
and spurs, which belonj^ed to iiis ancestors, who
figured in the war for independence. Jlis
grandfather, Seth Carll, and oTie of his uncles,
were editors of the Hoston Hee, and so on down,
the family have been able and influential. The
Doctor's father married Miss Malinda II. Hum-
ham, a native of Maine. She also was of
I'lnglish ancestry, who were early settlers of the
colon'";;. Her grandmother was Priscilla Tar-
box, I" longing to one of the oldest and most
prominent Massachusetts fanjilies, so that the
Doctor is a descendant of the New Englanders,
whose misguided zeal induced them to burn
persons for witchcraft, but who amply atoned
for their fault, when this same enthusiasm was
directed to gaining their independence in the
sanguinary struggle of the Uevolution. His
jiarents had but two children, the subject of our
sketch and a daughter.

The Doctor attended the public schools of his
native city, and later attended Harvard College,
where he took the special medical course, and
at which institution lie graduate<l in 1885. He
then sjient a year in travel, visiting Africa and
other foreign conntries, and finally caiTie to
Oregon in I88t).

The first two years of liis residence in this
State were spent in Portland, where he was a
member of the medical faculty 'f the State Uni-
versity. He then opened an otticp in Oregon
City, in 1887, and at once secured a lucrative
practice.

In politics he is a Massachusetts-Jacksonian
Democrat; i. e., is an advocate of Democracy
as expounded by the brilliant statesman,. I ackson.
His father was a Republican, but the Doctor's
first vote was cast for Democracy, when that
j)arty was greatly in minority in .Massachuuetts,
there being still a few old men in that locality
who hel .' 'o the old traditions, for which they
weregr despised. For this reason probably
the Do , who has an unbounded sympathy
for the ,1.. ier dog in the fight, voted that ticket.
As he grew older he studied the ideas, and voted
the ticket from choice. If these old men are
yet living, they must bo gratified to find they are
not now in the minority, especially is this the
case in this city, where Democratic magnates
were recently elected. These incidents go to
prove that the Doctor is an independent thinker,
such as it becomes an American citizen to be;
for, being a king in his own right, it behooves
him to be independent, and not be like the
oppressed citizens of oligarchical governments,
where all are exjiected to conform to a certain
pattern, as if cut by the same die.

The Doctor is a member of the Slate Hoard
of Charities and a thirty-second degree Scottish
Kite Mason.

He is skilled in his profession and loves it,
and takes pride in its practice. Ho is courageous
in undertaking difficult cases, and is bound to
attain fame and prosperity in his chosen calling.

S. ClIKISMAN, one of the enterpris-
ing business men of Cottage Grove,
* was horn in Andrew county, Missouri,
April 19, 1847, a son of Campbell E. and
Phebe (Flannery) Chrisman, natives of Vir-
ginia. (For detailed sketch of parents see biog-
raphy of G. R. Chrisman, which appears else-
where in this history.) Mr. Chrisman crossed
the plains with his parents in 1851, and re-
mained with them until nineteen years of age.
He secured a common-school education, and
performed the lighter duties of the ranch. He
was married at Eugene to Miss Caroline
Hourne, a native of Illinois, and a daughter of
Charles W. Bourne, one of the pioneers of
185;5. Immediately after this event he settled
on a farm of 44-0 acres, four miles west of Cas-
well, the tract having been presented to him by
his father; he engaged in farming and stock-

UmroliY OF UllKOON.

>.m

raising until 1870, when lio wold out and bought
a fHi-ni of (iOO (U'lvs, ton miles catt of Cuttaf^c
(irovc; hurc he i-ontinuuil agricultural |)urBnit8
until 1870, when he rented his farm and re-
moved to Kugone. Here a new enterprise wan
uiidcrtaktMi; lu> emharlved in the haek and dray
husinesK, which he followed until 1880. Ue-
inoving to Cottage (irove he opened a harness
shop for general nianufactiirini; and repair
work; at the end of three years lie sold out, and
for two years ^ave his attention to trade in heof
cattle, shippini; from Cottaj^c (irove to Port-
land. In Juiuiary, 181)1, he started the New
York JJacket Store at Cottai^e Grovf, handling
a general assortment of furnishing goods and
notions.

Mr. and Mrs. Chrisuiiin are the parents of
three children: William Wesley was married in
October, 1889, to Miss Annie McFarfand ; Mat-
tic is the wife of William Kirk; Ilattie Iamui is
the third-born.

I'olitically Mr. Chrisman is identified with
the Republican part}', and is very active in the
movements of that body, though he is not an
otHce-seeker. He now owns a farm of 450
acres, besides valuable property, both improved
and unimproved, at Cottage (irove and Eugene.
lie is a man of great caution in liusine^s affairs,
and is possessed of excellent judgment; success
has attended his every effort and rewarded all
his labors.

-^-.^.^{♦^^--^ _

fllAHLES CLAG(iETT, a worthy pioneer
of Oregon, is a native of AVoodford county,
Kentucky, born Octobei' 13, 1818, a son
of Thomas Claggett, who was also a native of
the Blue (irass State, and lived and died tlure;
the paternal grandfather was a Virginian and
an early settler of Kentucky. Thomas Cllngiri'it
married Miss Mary Mason, a native of Vir-
ginia, and to them were born seven children,
only two of whom survive, William and Charles.
Tlie latter is the subject of this biographic:;!
notice. He pas.sed an uneventful youth on his
father's farm, and attended the common schools.
When he came of age, in 1834, he was united
in marriage to Miss Mary Irving, of Kentucky,
and they then removed to Missouri, where they
resided twelve years. In 1852 they crossed
the plains with ox teams, being seven months
en route, and arrived at Salem, October 18,
. • ea

<! Mr.

into the country, i

ich of ^00 acres;

1862. They went
Claggett took a (iovernnu'Ut rand
he built a house, imjiroved the laiul, an<l as lie
prospered from year to year he made adiiitioiial
purcnases of land, as his neighbors were willing
to sell, until he now has (100 acres; this land is
under excellent cultivation, and is well im-
proved with good, substantial farm buildings.

Mr. and Mrs. Claggett are the j)arents of leu
children, only two of whom are living: W. I).,
a son; and Sally II., the i.ddow of Mr. I'ugh.
They have reared two granddaughters, whoso
mother died during their infancy; one marriecl
and the other is keeping hou.so for her grand-
father; the death of the grandmother occurred
August 13, 1889; she was a true and faithful
wife, and for fifty-five years boi-e her share of
the burdens of life, and lightened those of
others.

Mr. Claggett divided his farm among his
children, retained 220 acres, and in ls80 he re-
tired from active pursuits. He bought a pleas-
ant residence in Salem, where he is surrounded
with all the comforts of life, and is held in the
highest respect by all who know iiim. He has
led a life of industry, has attended strictly to
his own affairs, and has met with the prosperity
which such conduct of life deserves, lie has
always been straightforward in all his business
dealings, and has the utmost contideiKje of his
fellow-Hien.

Previous to the late civil war he adhered to
the principles of the Democratic party, but
since that time he has cast his vote with the
Kepublicans.

^-^-^^

§ENRV ClIiHSTIAN came to Oregon in
1851, and is now one of the prosperous
and enterprising cai)italists of Indejx'nd-
ence. He is a native ol^ the Isle of Man, born
July 27, 18:52. His parents were Patrick and
Mary (Edwards) Christian. The former born
on the Isle of Man. the latter in Eiiglund. Mr.
Christian's father was an officer in the English
navy and lived to be eighty-eight years old, while
the mother was nearly a 100 when she died.
They had eight children, of whom only two are
now living, a daughter and the subject of our
sketch.

When our subject was fourteen years of age
he went to sea an4 sailed nearly all over the

HisTniir OF oHEnoN.

known wurlrl, and wliilo on tlio Marin .Ioiiob,
liound for l.unilnii, tli(» sliip wiis wreckiMl in tlio
Indian tic(<an, in a 8c|imll. 'riiirty-fivo of tlic
BolditvfH on Ijoiird wt'iesiitrnciitcd Ijctwomi ducks.
The ship's masts wore cari'itid away and tlioy
wero driven nineteen days in that condition,
nntil tlicy reached the Isle, of France, wiiere
they secured iielp and were tal<cn in port. From
liere Mr. Christian retin'd to liiver|)o()l, Kn-
ghind, hut in IHl'.l cniicjrated to Now ( >rleans,
ami came from there hy water to California.
He ininecl at Ueddinfj's di^f;ings and met witli
ffreat success, hut lo>t his money in |)rospcctinj>'.
He then came to Vreka, ('alifornia, where he
took out a f^rcat deal of ^old. Ho then came,
hy land, with pack mules with (icneral.Fo F.ane
and others, and arrived at Scoftshurj^ in the
eprinfT of ISol, and through the aid of Gov-
ernor (iilihs Mr. Christian took tlie two lirst
mail contracts from Corvallis to ScottBhurg. At
that time post offices were thirty miles apart,
and the mails were so small that ho was ahle to
carry them in his liroast pocket. There were
no bridges on the route and he was often times
obliged to swim swollen stieanis at the risk of
his life, as they were very high, but during the
entire three years ho held the route he never
missed hut one trip. Ho then engaged in
merchandising in Scottsburg with Jo Moore and
tFack Nei'kleson. They did an extensive whole-
sale business, loading pack trains. During this
time he took up HiO acres of land in Douglas
county, and in 1(^5(1 he was married to Miss
Kmily Tetheron, daughter of Mr. Sol Tetheron,
an Oregon pioneer of 1S45, who took up his
donation claim on the Luckamnte river, and
died in his seventy-sixth year.

After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Chris-
tian they returned to Polk county, in 1857 and
took a pre-emption claim on the Luckamnte.
seven miles west of Independence. Here he
built, improved the land and resided for nine
years, then purchased 320 acres of Israel Hedge.
He then purchased 500 acres of land in Linn
county, and resided there for two years. lie
again sold and came to Polk county, and pur-
chased 400 acres on the Luckamnte and .'{SO
acres of Mr. Bagley. This property he iin-
i)roved and pureliased .'UIO acres near it, and now
lias 'i'.tO acres on the Luckamnte, which is in
fine condition. He has been very successful in
his land deals. In 1S8!) lie removed to Inde-
pendence, where he purchased a good residence,
\n which he resides, lie is the owner of several

liUhinosB bnildingR, is the builder of the ChriB-
tian House, a well furnished, well kept hotel
near the depot.

Mr. and Mrs. Christian have had five daugh-
ters anci one son, as follows: Mary Klla, now
Mrs. Knoch Cliamberlin; Uhoda, now Mrs.
William Maker: Isabella married another Mr.
Paker, and all of the ahnve reside in Polk
county, l)ut Elizabeth, now married, resides in
Portland; Fvis is single and at home. Mr.
Christian has always been a I)emo(!rat in poli-
ti(^s, and is a member of A. <). V . W. He is
one of those men who, by his own efforts, has
ac(juired an ample fortune. He has seen a gooil
deal of the world, an<l has been a witness to
inncli of the growth and development of his State.
Ho is still an active business man.

fOLUMHUSCLKAVKK, Assessor of Ma-
rion county, is an official wliosc record re-
flects great credit, not only upon himself,
but also upon his constituency. He was born in
the State of Illinois, February •>, 1845, a son of
Uenjamin Cleaver. His father was a native of
tucky,
iss lU
birth; they removed to Illinois in 1837, re-
maining there ten years. Then with his wife
and nine children, I'enjamin Cleaver crossed
the plains to Oregon, making the trip with ox
teams ajid wagons; the company was harassed
by the Indians, and encountered many dangers;
they finally arrived in Oregon, and Mr. Cleaver
settled on lands in Clackamas county, five miles
from Oregon City. In 1840 they removed to
JIarion county, and si.\tecn miles northeast of
the city of Salem, took up a section of Govern-
iiient land, which Mr. Cleaver improved and
occupied as a home, nntil recently, when he sold
the fartii and purchased a residence in Lebanon;
eight of his children survive. Columbus Cleaver
was an infant of two years when he was brought
to this State by his parents; he was reared and
educated in Marion comity, and was trained to
the occupation of a farmer.

He made his first investment in land in 1876,
when he purchased a farm, which he cultivated
nntil 1881. In that year he erected a ware-
house at Mount Angel, and bought and sold
grain and general produce, shimiing to Portland
and San Frfincisco markets. In 1890 he dis-

Kentucky, born in 1804, and was there married
to Miss UuclicI Tompkins, also a Iventuckian by

ni STORY OF ORKnON.

001

poHod of liis ('i)iiiiiiei'(rial iiitererits at Muiiiit
Angel, l)iit still rctiiinn liin ivitl cstiite tliero; liu
also owns Ifid acres of laiiil, wliicli is rented.

Politically Mr, (!lcaver aftiliates with the Uc-
liiibliean party, and lias given it his stanch sup.
port, sincn lie cast his first presidentiul vote for
the world-reiinwned patriot and soldier, 1. S.
(trant. He was elected to the otlice of County
Assessor in Jnne, 18!K), and has served in this
capacity with unswerving fidelity; he is a wise,
careful and ohliginj^ officer; is thoroiigly posted
upon the value of property in the county, and
his conduct of the business in connection with
this ottict^ has (fiven general satisfaction.

Mr. Cleaver was married in 1870 to Mies
Nannie I'eiidleton, a native of Missouri, and to
them have been horn six children, n'.i natives of
Marion couutv; (iertrude 15., ArchieC, Grace
v., Charles, E<lith and Karl.

fllAULKS II. UrUGGUAF, a resident
architect, and a hij^h.ly esteemed citizen of
Salem, Oregon, is a iiativi' of Centralia,
Marion county, Illinois, where he was born in
1860. His father, J. G. Hurggraf, is a native
of (icrinany, and was a pioneer of Illinois, where
he was engaged as an archi ' and builder in
contract work. In 1884 he inovijd to Nebraska,
and later, in 1891, he iiujved to Salem, Oregon,
where he now resides.

Our subject waseduoateil in the public schools
of Illinois, and completed his studies at Hast-
ings College, Nebraska, where he became profi-
cient in surveying and engitieering. After this
he passed a year in the study of drawing and
architecture, and opened bis first otRco in
Hastings, Nebraska. He decided to make a
specialty of public buildings, and to this end
secured contracts for many of the jitiblic-school
buildings and churches throughout the State.
He also built the opera houses at Ulysses and
David City. In 1890 he moved to (irand
,1 unction, Colorado, where he constructed school
buihliiigs, banks and churches. Again remov-
ing, in April, 1891, to Salem, where he now
resides. The Catholic (3onvoiit in St. Paul, this
State, was planned and superintended by him.
The Yew Park public school of Salem, and the
secret society hall of tlie P\ & A. M. and
Knights of Pythias, at Woodbnrii, were all un-
der his management, and built after plans drawn
by hini, - ^ \

He was married in 1888 at Hastings. Ne-
braska, to Miss Mattie Adams, a native of Iowa,
and a highly educated and cultiviited lady.

Socially Mr. Hurggruf is a memln'r of the
Knights of Pythias and Sons of Veterans, being
pnnninent and active in both.

Although his residence in the State of Oregon
is of but recent date still, on account of bis
prominence in public work, ho is one of her
representative men, a notice of whom is neces-
sary to render a history of her commonwealth
complete.

H. lUIKEN, although not a pioneer of
the State of Oregon, is worthy of rocog-
* nition as one of Salem's representative
business men, being one of the leading fur.Mturo
dealers of the city. He was born in St. I.ouis
county, Missouri, in 1839, a son of the Kev. .lohn
J. Huren,a nativeof 'J't'iinessee, who emigrated to
Missouri in 183,5 as a pioneer missionary of the
Methodist Ejiiscopal Church, for the jiurpose of
establishing Methodism in thcTerritory. In 1810
he removed to (iniiidy county, .Missouri, and took
up 160 acres of land,'whicli he cultivated in addi-
tion to his ministerial duties. Our subject ac-
quired his education at Trenton, (irundy county,
and remained under the jiareiital roof until 18()2.
In that year he enlisted in (!oni|iauy K, First
Missouri Cavalry, commanded by ('oloiiel McKar-
ren; for three yeai's he was engaged in guerrilla
warfare in the Missouri DepartmtMit; |)risoner8
were never taken, all battles being fought to a
tiiiish; in one engagement a jiarty of thirty-six
was reduced to ten, Mr. Huren being one of the
number. He was in many skirmishes, but
escajied being wounded. He was honorably
discharged at Warrensburg, Missouri, after
which he returned to his old homest( ad in
(irundy county, to resume the more peaceful
pursuit of agriculture.

He was married in Davis county in 1860 to
Miss Mary Robertson, a Kentuekian by birth;
in 1867 they removed to Trenton, Missouri, and
Mr. Huren spent three years in learning the trade
of cabinet-maker. He then opened a furniture
store at Trenton, ami conducted a thriving busi-
ness until 1887, when he sold out ami came to
Salem. He purchased the furniture business of
A. T. Yeaton, and he and his sou embarked in

002

HIHTORY OF ORKOON.

tiiiilc iiiiilcr tilt! linn nil f A. It. liiiriMi iV Sun.

Tlicy kuep ii full lint' of Iidum'IkiIiI riirnitiin', itnil
liiivc udilcil M\ iiiiilt'i'tiiking (lu|iartinuiit tu tlm
linHitiuBH.

Mr. Hn<l Min. IJiiren iiro the imicntw of ii
fiiniily of two cliiMi'en: Mii.x O.iinil l.cijrt. Mii\
( ). wiirt ('(liiwitL'il lit 'I'ri'nton, Mih>cnii'i, iiinl j^rcw
nil in till' fiiniitiini liiiHin(':->, iiociPiiiini; tlinr-
iiii^'lijy i'liiiiiliiir witli all its ili'tiiils. II(< is
u v'oiiMg inHM iif I'Mur^y iinij Hliiiity, itiid ^uiilfil
liy liis fiitliiT's (•.\|)L'rien(tu anil connsi-l, is certain
ti) I'l'ap till! |)rus|M'i'ily liu iloscrviM. Mr. |{uri!ii
is a nit'nilii'r uf St'iiifi'wicii I'list, No. 10, (i. A.
|{., and of (iriuid iiivur J^odj^o, No. ."jli, I.O. O.
!•'., at Tri'iiton, MiMsoiiri.

'^•■m-'m^

fl{()!'\.irSTLlS mUNllAM, i.rincipai of
tlie ('oucii Sl'IiiioI, I'ortland, wii« liorii at
Soiitli Ilarlior, (JalcHloiiiii cniinty, Vernioiit,
Marcl) 7, iSiJS. His latlu'r, iJin-. David 15.
■ I'.urnliaiii, was liorn in Wasliiiigtmi I'Oiiiity, that
Stati', and was during liis loni^ life a faithful
minister of the C^hristian di'iioinination. llo
died in Decfinlicr, 18it0, in his eiglitv-eii^lith
year. 'I'hey sj)riiiig from an old New tngland
fiiniily, whose first emigration to this country
was from old Kiigland more than 200 years ai^o.
The graiidfatlicr linrnham was a soldier in our
war for indcpeiidence. and lived to lie ninety
years of age. The ]inrnhams wore pcojile of
prominence and inthience in the Kast. twolicing
mcinliers of Conirrt'ss. and many of them min-
isters of considerable einineiice in the dift'ereiit
religions denominations. Father ISiirnlmm went
to Wisconsin in 1811. seven years liefore it lie-
came a State, and was a jiioiioer and a leader in
anti-slavery iind other irroat ([iiestions of the
counti'y. lie married Miss Livenia Marsh, a
native of Massachusetts, and of early New En-
gland ancestry. Hy this marriage there were two
children: Justus and David. The latter enlisted as
a private soldier in the great civil war, his regi-
ment being the Twenty-first Wisconsin, and he
served through that struggle; was promoted as
First- lieutenant, and as such had command of
Ids company while his captain was a prisoner of
war. He is now a banker and miner in Col-
orado.

I'rof. Hurnham was educated at Waukegan,
»nd began his career as teacher jn the district

hcliooU in Illinois, on the shores of Lake Michi-
gan. During tiie latter part of his work there
lie was principal of the school at liichland, and
also taught in Wisconsin.

In IS.')',) he moved to Nevada, and reniainud
there until 18ti4. engaged in mining; this was
during the I'ike's I'eak excitement. In Decem-
ber he returned to Wisconsin, where he married
Miss Marilla Toiisley, a luitive of I'ainesvillo,
(>hio, and they had fonr children: Allison, Kal-
ston. Myrtle H. and Louis Agassiz; the last
mentioned died when eighteen muntlis old.
After nine years of happy married life Mrs.
Murnham died in October, 1878, and was buried
at Waupaca, Wisconsin, where both his parents
are buried. After his marriage, in 1801. Mr.
I'urnhain engaged in teaching, and was princiii.il
of the Weyauwcga iiublic schools, and w lo
there was elected ( ounty Superintendeiii of
Schools, whicli otlice ho later resigned to take
charge of the Wcyauwega High School; but
three yiMirs later he was again elected County
Superinteiideuf, and he served two years, and
again was two 'ars |irinci[ial of the same high
school.

In 1875 he married Miss .letinie E. Snell, of
New London, Wisconsin, and a native of the
State of New York. In 1878 he moved to La
Crosse, Wisconsin, where he was principal of the
city schools for five years.

In 1883 be came to Portland and was ap-
pointed principal of the Couch School, which
position lie now holds and fills most acceptably.

He is a member of Willamette Lodge, l'\&.\.
M., and of the K. of P., and takes a deep inter-
est in every thing intended to advance the edu-
cational interests of the State. He is President
of the Schoolmasters' Club, of Portland; is a
member of the Multnomah I'oard of Examiners,
and is prominent in institute work in the State.
He is a strong man, ranking high among the
teachers of Oregon. Mrs. Pnrnham also is an
efficient teacher in the Couch Si'hool. They
hav(i a jileasant home in the city, and a valuable
ranch in Clark county. Wa.shington, where tlie
Professor is taking an interest in horticulture.

When ho left his work in the East he came to
this coast very highly recommended, bringing
with him the highest regard of the leading edu-
cators of W^isconsin, and here he has rapidly
grown in the esteem of the people of this coast.
Continued acijiiuintance with him enhances one's
regurd for him, as it reiiuires a long time todis-

tIrsfoRY Oh' oni-UtoN.

rern IiIh dontli.-.. lit; liiis it tlioroii^lily iiil'uriiiuil
uiiil (liHcipliiivd iiiiml, iit ri|X' in i'\|)(iriuiic(', in ii
Hiu> judge of tlio jrivvfi-it mid i'ii|i'icitios of liii*
piipiU, iind lionet' liHM II iwciiliiirly I'i^li r^tuiidin^
in cdncutiiiiiul wnrk.

H«^.4>4i-ef«^i

(KOltOK CO I, UN'S, II Hi, inly MOM of New
Kiigluiid, wlios« II eentorc with iiiiiiilicred
iiinun^ tliu i'liritii iH, wiiit liorii in Eiiiitport,
Miiiiic, in 18B(t. Not n'iii;^ nmrtul in tlui liijiof
luxury, IiIm iiilicritiincc wiih a iiianlv pliyBii|nc,
ntrong iind niUHiMiliir, and, iit tlio agu of ten
yeurg, instead o'' ciiltivatiiiir liir* mind, lie was
put to Work in a lirickyard, and lieijiod siippoi-t
the fHiniiy, iiis only tMliieatioiml fauiiitieK la'ing
during the winter iiiontim. Tliiia he lived until
ho reached the aj;e of «i\li'»'n yearn, when lie
went to l!atli, Maine, Icariiiiijf there tiie trade of
hrirklaying and jiiasterini^, which he followed
until lstl5. when he -started for California by
steanicr via the N icariifiiia route.

ArriviiifT jn San Kranciuco, ho resumed his
trade, which he continued until the spring of
1S67. lie was then married to Miss.lennie
Hamilton, a native of ("anada. 'I'hcy took the
steamer tor i'ortland, Oregon, when- they met
Father U'aller, one of the pioneer mieBionaries,
who advised Mr. ('ollins fo settle in Salem,
where work waa plentiful and prices high. Act-
ing upon 'liis suggestion, Mr. Collins visited
Salem, ami there mot U. C. Myers, also from
Elaine, with whom our suhject formed a part-
nership to engage in contracting and building,
and they immediately began operations. Their
first contract was to build tlic chimneyB and do
the plastering of seven now houses, payment for
their labor to be made in brick and lumber,
money being scarce in that vicinitv. In the fall
of 18()7 they secured from G. \V. (iray their
first contract for a brick building on the corner
of Liberty and State streets, and in 18(58 they
received r.nother contract, which was for the
Ladd &, Hush I^ank building, on the corner of
State and Commercial streets, in the meantime
securing other smaller contracts. In the spring
of ISOy the partnership was dissolved to enable
Mr. Collins to accept an offer made liy Major if.
P. Berry, wlio was the Superintendent of the
Oregon State Penitentiary, to take charge, as
Warden, of the convict labor at the State brick-
yard, where he was employed until the fall of

ISTH, when a change of adiniiiitttratiiin caused a
tiiange of olllcers. lie then resumed his trade
In contract work, continuing to be soemployecl
until the fall of ISTI, when, in partnciship with
Uritiith »fe Delaney, he engagcil in the luitchcr
liiii-ineHs. lie severed his connectiiiii with thiri
tiriM ill |S7*J. and gt'ciired a contract lo make
l,:t(l(l,()0(l biick fur tli(> Marion county coiirt-
hoii.-e, which he coiii|)!eted in the spring of \^Ti.
He then began niuniifacturing brick by contract,
at Itosebiirg, and siibsetjiiently did some build
ing In that locality.

In the fall of 187M he returned to Salem,
where he win employed as Siipeiintendent of
( 'ongtriictlon on the t Iregon State House, con
tinning thus engaged until the appropriation
was exhaiisted.

lie then leased the State bri.:kyard and con
vict labor, and made brick for the insane asy
liim, the Sciit(di mill, and for th(> general mar
ket. lie continued in this until ISH'J, when the
administration again became Ke|)nlilicaii, when
he was offered, and accepted, the position of First
Warden of the State I'eiiiteiitiitry, under. I. A.
Stratton, SuperintcMdeiit. In 188:5, during a
reM)lt among the convicts, Mr. Collins very
nearly lost his life, but by coolness and self pos-
session, re ('iiforce(l iiy otherassistants, four con-
victs Were killed and the others brought under
subjection. He continued as Warden until
lS8t when, upon the resignatiitn of Mr. St rat
ton, Mr. Collins was appointed Superintendent,
which oflice he filled until Feliruary 1, 1887.
He, too, then rcriigned and continued his former
occuiiation of brick manufacturing, and was thus
employed until the spring of 18811 when, dur-
ing the boom of that year, he -old out his several
interests and retired from imsinefs, and has
never since resumed it.

Mr. and Mrs. Collins have but one child, Fs
ther; their only son, (ieorge R., was killed in
an accident, aged nine years, his loss being a
Very great bereavement to his parents.

ilr. Collins has built a haniisome residence at
No. iJOl Church street, the surroundings of
which suggest comfort and retiiienieut. His
grounds are tastefully disposed, and planted with
(U'liamental shriibs and trees, making a ]ileas.int
view to the eye, and a grateful retreat from the
sun's too ardent beams on a sultry day. Here
ill the society of his family, composed of his
faithful coiniianioii for so many years and liis
intelligent (laughter, he enjoys the well-eiiriieij
ease of so many years of lionc>t and severe loil.

* il

m)4

itlSTORT OF ORKaoN.

He is still a wouderful spepiiiien of rol)U(»t man-
hood, staiidiiiij; as lie does six feet two and Ihree-
(|iiartei- inches in height, and Iieing otherwise
(■oiTcspondiiifrly pi'oportioneil.

lie is a prominent and highly respected mcni-
herof the A.O. l'. \V.,us Well as of the I. ().
(). F.

All who |)eruse the sketch of his life, iriiist lie
Btronfrjy impri^sscd with the almost supernatural
sajriicity of the man, which leads ns to another
tlionirht, — that the naturally endowed are the
most endowed, although the lienctits of trainin<j;
and culture are not to be overlooke(l or passed
liy sliirhtinirly. This sagacity has never failed to
lead him aright, whether it was tiie choice of
right, opposecl to all forms of wrong, C' in the
iiiglier realms of art and religion. Truly there
is nothing great in man but mind.

^-^-^

IgSOX. HEN.IAMIX V. iU'IlCII. a pioneer
aMJ of 1845 and the jiresent Receiver of the
"^l Land Office at Oregon (!ity. has a wide ac-
([uaintance and has taken an active part in the
settlement and history of Oregon, and is as
thoroughly informed on Oregon and her insti-
tutions as any of her citizens. lie was an ac-
tive partici|)ant in the Indian wai', and is the
uuHior of a chapter on that subject recently pul)-
lished in the History of the Northwest.

Mr. Miircli was born in ("arlton county. Mis-
souri. August 2, 18:i5. His father, 8amuel
Hurch. was a soldier in the war of 1812, was a
midshipman in the United States Navy, and was
taken prisoner by the Knglish. His ancestors
were from England, and were early settlers of
Maryland. He married Miss Kleanor S Lock,
tlKMJaughter of AUra'iam Lock, a native of Vir-
ginia and a de- •■iidan* of one of the old fami-
lies of that Si I '. Hi- emigrated to Mis-oouri
in 1818, and I"'. Hurch's lather went there in
1820. They were niarried in Missouri and re-
mained their until Ls47, when they came to Ore-
gon. Mr. I'lircb lost his life in a steamboat ex-
plosion at Oregon City. He had been mai'ried
twice, had three children by iiis first wife and
eigiit Ity his second. Mr. Hurch, the subject of
this sketch, was a son by the second wife. Only
five of tile children are now livit.g. A dangli
ter, Mary Louise, is the wife of .lames A. Foster,
and resides in Washington; two of the sons are
in Folk county, this State.

In 18-J-5, when in his twentieth year, Mr.
Hurch 'eft his home, and, with :, company hav-
ing a train of fifty wagons, crossed plain and
mountain, to Oregon, tlie journey being a pleas-
ant one. They arrived in Oregon City, Octo-
ber 1(5, 1^4."). Nfr. Burch went to Folk county,
and taught the first school in that county. Ho
remained there two years. As he had, upon
leaving home, promised to return in two years,
he started on his way back. When he reached
Hur river he met his father and his family, and
he returned with them; and his father located in
Polk county.

When tile Cayuse Indian war broke out
^[r. Burch enlisted and was made Adjutant of
his regiment, in which capacity he served to the
clo.sc of the war, being in several engagements
and witnesDicig all of tliein. They vanquished
the red savages, and it was "do or die,'" for if
they hud been beaten they would have been
scalped and treated even worse than that. While
Mr. Burch has much sympathy for the Indians
their extermination became a necessity, as t'ley
had commenced committing dreadful atroci-
ties oil the settlers, men, women and children.

After his marriage, in 1848, Mr. Burch set-
tleil on a donati(m claim in Folk county, in a
small log cabin, and began raising stock, prin-
cipally, and as time passed by and lie prospered,
he erected a large log house, with a half-story
above. Still later, in 1867, he built a frame
house.

In the war of 1855-'5l3 Mr. Biircli served as
Cajitain of Company B, F'irst Regiment of Ore-
gon Mounted Riflemen. He saw much service,
.■\iid the Indians were again overcome and driven
from the country.

In 18r)7 Mr. Burch was elected 4 member of
the State (Jonstitutional Coii>entioii, and took
jiart in the formation of the State Constitution.
.Vs soon as the State was admitted into tlie
I'nioiihe was elected a member of the first Leg-
islature, and was a participant in the enactment
of the first State statutes. In 1S08 he was
elected to tlie State Senate and served four years.
He was appointed by (iovernor Chadwick to the
position of Superintendent of the State Peniten-
tiary, in wiiich caj)acity he serv'ed two years.
He then returned to his farm, in 1887 he re-
ceived the appointment of iveceiver of the Land
Office, in which he is still serving. His term has
now nearly expired, and he intends to return to
bis farm in Folk county, which he took from
the (rovcrnment forty-four years ago, and which

■nlsToiiY OF oitRnns.

!li(.T

hu huij liad the goud auiisu tu kee|> uti u fitting;
reiiiembraiice of his pioneer days. Duriiijj; \\\>
service as Receiver of tin' l>aiid < >flic'(' iii; lias
handled S2,00(),0<»0 for the (ioverniiient, and,
witii liis colU>ajfues in tiie office, has wisely set-
tled many land '•'.aims, lie has been a pains-
taking and valuable public otticer; and on his
h)ng public career there is not a single tarnish.
That is Lrlory enough for one lifetime.

Mr. Burch is Past iNfaster of the Masonic
lodge, and he has been a life-long member of
the A[ethodist Church. lie is widely ac(juaintod
in Oregon, and has made many friends. He has
merited the esteem and success which he has
attained.

September 10, 1848, is the date of his mar-
riage to Miss Eliza Davidson, who for forty-
four years has been his faithful and devoted pio-
neer wife, and is still in the enjoyment of good
health; shai'ing his joys and sorrows. She was
born in Kentucky, in 1828, the daughter of
llezekiali Davidson, who came to Oregon with
his family in 1847. Mr. aiul Mrs. Burch have
had seven children, only two of whom, however,
were brought up to years of maturity, and only
one of them is now living. Samuel W. married
Miss Hill, had one son, .lohn Kllis, and died
March 12, 1882, in Washington Territory. His
wife died when the son was eleven months old;
the latter now lives with his grandparents, the
subject of this sketch, and is as their own child.
Henjamin F. Unrcli, Jr.. resides on the farm at
Independence, Polk county.

-«-<S^M<m|g*4^

fj^

fE. OOI,HEUN, a substantial farmer of
I'matilla county, was born in Miller
* county, Misso\iri, Decembei- 5. 184C,
lie was the sixth child of a family of soven born
to James ('olbern, a native of T^nnesseo, who
married Jane Templin. Mr. ( 'olbern died in
Missouri April 17, 1802, but his wife survived
liim until September 8, 1889, when she. too,
died, aged eighty years.

'i'he subject of this sketch lived at home with
his parents upon the farm until the last year of
the war when, he being then old enough, joined
Price's command and served until the close of
the war, having partici|)ated in all of Price's
raids through Missouri. At the close of the war
he came home and farmed as long as he re-
mained in Missouri. In this State he was mar-

rie.l to Miss Aunmda Mosley ( >ctober 12, l>>7.i.
Slio was born in .Arkansas March 24, 1S.")3,
daughter of Parkesand Martha (Pearsoi Mosley,
the former of whom is still living in Missouri,
but the latter died in 18()'2. Mrs. Oolberii is a
very highly accomplished lady, and makes a
happy lionuf for her husband. Not having any
children, they adopted a little boy, named
Charles Coles, whom they regard as their own
child.

After marriage our subject and his young
wife crossed the plains, in 1874, to Oregon, with
a mule team, making the trip in four months.
Their first settlement was made in I'aker county,
where they lived four years, and then came to
I'matilla county and entered a homestead of KiO
acres, where they have since nnule their home.
To the original farm they have added land until
they now have )i2() acres, situated four and one-
half miles northwest of Athens, where iu' has
built a fine residence. He hamlles some stock
in connection with his farming. Although he
started out in life with nothing, he has worked
his way to the to|), until now he has sullicient
to live in comfort ami pleasure in the home he
and his wife made by their own industry. He
is a Democrat in politics, and is liiiddy esteemed
by all.

fC. GOLEMAX, a well-known citizen of
Sheridan, Oregon, has long been a resi
* <lent of this coast, having come here with
the original Fiu'ty-nincrs in ([ucst of gold.

Mr. (Joleman was horn in Kentucky April I,
1S28, son of X. P. Colenum. who was born in
the same State Jidy 7. ITUi*. (iriindfatlier
William Colenum was born in Virginia I ><'ceni
her 0, 170s, ami great-grandfather Henry ('(de-
man, also a iHiti\e (^f Virginia, was Ixrni Decem-
ber 12,1744. Henry Ooleman rendereil clli
cient service as a K<'\olntiouary suldier. His
father, William ("olenian, was liorn in England,
and einigr,ite<l to Boston in the year 1(571.
N. I'. Coleman, father of our sid)ject was mar-
ried, in 1821, to Miss .^ythia ('liinn. daughter
of Hon. John ('liinu. llei' grandmotlwr was a
sister of (teiieral (Jcorge Washington's niDther.
.\. M. (Vileman was a promitient lawyer anci
politician, was several times a member of the
Kentucky Eegislaturc, and was a popular can-
iliilate for the (fnited States Senate at the time

- ftl

us I

irisTOHi' OF oiitanoN.

of liiri (luiilli. IIu (lic(l (if cIkjIui.'i ill ls;}3. Mr.
mid Mrs. ( 'ukMriiui luul iivu cliildriMi, of whom
only two arc now living, nainoly: Williaiii T.
(Joleiimn, one of ('aliforniii's most proininciit
jiioneers, ami a widely known and liiglily
e.^^tciitned iiieroliantof Sun Francisco; and Dewitt
Clinton ('olcnian.

'J'lie siibji't't of 0111' skc^tcli remained in Ills
native Stato until lie was tliirteen. when he went
to St. Louis and learned the carjionters' trade.
In 184!) he and his hrotlior crosaed the plains
to California, arriviiifr in tlie new El Dorado of
the West on tlu^ 4tii of Aujjnst. They went to
the mines at "Ilangtown"; mined a short time,
and then started a miners' supjily store nnder
the tree on wliich some rohhers were iiiing.
Tliis incident of tlie hanging gave the town its
name. There they did a successful business
until sjiring, when they chanired their seat of
operation to San Francisco. In .laniiary, 1851,
I). C. Coleman came to Portland on business,
making only a short stay this time. In April,
ISJii, again landiii}^ in I'ortland, he opened a
general inerehandii-e store, and established him-
self in business. July 15, 1853, he b(!gan the
erection of the first brick store buildino; in Port-
land, completed it by the 1st of Novomber, and
at once moved his stock into it. In 18(')8 ho
came to Vain Hill conntv. and for one year had
charge of the Cotnineivial Flouring Mill at
McMiniiville. In 1X70 ho came to Sheridan.
This town was then just starting, and during
the years of his residence hero he has done his
part toward advancini^ its j^rowth and develop-
ment. He has erected several buildings, and
lias dealt in lumber and buildcis' materials. In
1882 he built the pleasant home in wliiidi he
now resides. He has served several terms as a
.lustice of the Peace and as a member of the
City Council also. In later yeais, however, he
has declined otlice. During President Clove-
land's '.(Iministratioii he served as Postmaster
of Sheridan.

In March, 185)!, ju>t previous to coming to
Portland to eiiiragc in business, he was married
at San Francisco to Miss Mary .\. Warren, a
native of l!o,-ton. and a daughter of William
Warren. Thev had three children. The oldest,
William W., is now a renident of San Fr;incisco.
The secnml, JMlward W., died in his thirtieth
year. Tho daughter died in her second year,
and in 18t)8 tluMlevoted wife and loving mother
passed away. Seven years later, in 1875, Mr
Coleman married Miss Martha Sargent, a native

of Vam Hill comity. Her father, I'hilip Sar-
gent, came to Oregon in 1851, and took up a
donation claim in Polk county, where he lived
an honorable life, and where he ilied in 18(51.
Her mother died in 1890. Mr. and Mrs. Cole-
man have one child, Pearl.

Mr. Coleman was made a Master Mason in
Sheridan Lodge, No. <)4, in 18'^8, since wliich
time lie has been proiiiinently identified with
the fraternity. He is also a member of the
chapter at McMinnville.

s^-^^-«-i%*

fAMES A. COCHUAN, one of the most
prosperous farmers of Yam Hill county,
„,^ and an Oregon pioneer of 1857, was born
in Monroe county. Michigan, .lanuary 15,1844.
His ancestors were Scotch, who settled in
America previous to the Revolution. His
father. Thomas M. Cochran, was a native of
Pennsylvania, and married Miss Xancy Clark,
a native of New York, who was a daughter of
Samuel Clark, a Revolntiiinary soldier. Soon
after their marriage, the young couple removed
to Michigan, where five children were born, all
now living.

In 185"J the fatluT crossed the plains to Ore-
gon, making the journey with tlie customary
ox team of the pioneer of that day, his object
being to seek a home for his family in the ex-
treme West, having beaiil of the advantages of
soil and climate of that far-away country, and
desiring to test for himself the validity of those
roseate reports. Soon after his arrival in Ore-
gon, he took a donation (daim of 320 acres,
locatecl in Tillamook county, on which he re-
sided alone for two years, when he loft it and
came to Yam Hill county, whore ho worked at
carpentering, and by economy saved sufficient
means to send for his family.

In 1857 the mother and five childron came to
Oregon, via the Isthmus, arriving at their des-
tination in June, when their mooting with the
I'athvr and liusbaiid, from whom they had been
separated for live years, was a most joyous one.

With renewed hope the family settle<l at
Amity, where they ojiened a hotel, being the
|)ionoor hotel-keepers of tlie town. Here they
continued for two years, when they juircliasod a
farm located two and a half miles south of
Amity, which thoy frtrino<l, the father doing
also considerable carpentry work.

I m

Uf STORY OF OtiEOON.

097

After ten years' tliey removed to Grande
Ronde, wliere the fatlier worked at carpenter-
ing for tlie (loveriiinent, and also tanglit tlie
trade to tlie Indians. J.,atei' ho and his family
retnrned to Amity, where lie sold his farm and
purchased property in Amity, on which he built
a conifortalilo residence, and where the family
resided until 1882, when the faithful and
devoted husliaiid died. He was universally
esteemed on account of his many sterling ipiali-
ties of mind and heart, lie was a consistent
niemher of the Methodist (<liiircli, to which he
had belonged from early boyhood, ami was one
of the founders of that church i". Amity, in
the welfare of which ha took a jirominent and
deeply interested part. His faithful wife still
survives him, and is, in 1892, enjoying j^ood
health, in the eighty-third year of her age,
greatly revered and beloved by her chihh-en and
grandchildren, as well as by hosts of tried and
trne friends.

The subject of our sketch was next to the
yonngest child, and was thirteen years of age
when he accompanied liis mother and the rest
of the family to Oregon, lie was raised to ma-
turity in Yam Hill eoiinty, attending the dis-
trict schools jf that vicinity, and when eighteen
years of age, went to the mines on Salmon river,
where he was fairly successful, and where lie
remained for a couple of years.

In the fall of 18(54 he enlisted in Company
B, First Oregon Infantry, which was afterward
sent to Salt Lake City, where the company was
engaged in several tights with the Indians, lie
remained in the service until July 20, 186(5,
when he was honorably discharged, the war
being terminated.

After his return he married Miss Melissa
Garrison, an estimable lady, and the daughter
of the Kov. A. E. Garrison, an able Methodist
minister and an honored ( )regon pioneer. -Vfter
marriage the young couple experienced hard
times, and were obliged to work and economize
in order to make a living.

In the fall of 18T7 they removed to Wliit-
Viian county, Washington, wliere Mr. Coehraii
took up a Government claim, on which he
worked a few years, and secured three-quarters
of a section of some of the choicest fanning
lands in that State. Mr. Garrison left 100
acres of his donation claim to his daughter,
when Mr. Cochran and wife rented their own
claim in Washington, and came to reside on her
land. Later Mr. Cochran sold his Washington

property, and purchased from the heirs the bal
aiice of Mr. Garrison's donation claim, all of
which they now own, and on which they are
farming succe^s^ully. the land being devoted
principally to griin, hops and frnit-raising.
Forty acres compr.'e a most excellent orchard,
containing |inines, ,;pples, peaches and plums;
thirty aci'es are devoted to hon-raisiiie-, while
HOO acres are devoted to the lirowiiiir ot wheat.
'I'hey have bestowed very great care on the cul-
tivation of this lanil, and the fertile soil has
am|)ly rewarded their persevering etforts, by
yielding abundant crops of the finest cereals
and friiH in the country, until they are now
well provided with this world's goods, of which
they had so little when they commenced life
together.

Mr. and Mrs. Cochran have had five chil-
dren, four now living; .lames Edwin, the eldest,
is married and resides on the home farm ; Ralph,
who was a most promising young man, died
aged twenty-one years; (Jrace Irene is the wife
of Mr. J. .Martin, and resides in Amity;
Margaret Elizabeth Lloyd and Hei'tha are at
home.

Mr. Cochran is a Republican in iwlitics, and is
deeply interested in the welfare of his ('(iiintry.

He and his wife and older children are worthy
members of the Methodist Church at .\niity,
and are now aiding in the building of the new
church (edifice.

Thus is exemplified what hopeful hearts and
willing hands can accom|ilisli, when siipple-
inenteil by a richly productive soil, such as that
possessed by the inagnific(>nt commonwealth of
Oregon, <in whose bnjad bosom many nobUi sons
and daughters of the State live in happiness
and prosperity.

J[S^RANr)VILLK II. l!AnKR,an honest pio-
Kfey ncei', and one nt' the first settlers of Linn
Jjjn coutity, arrived at Oregon City November
10, 1845. He is a native of \'irginia, born on
the 14tli of February, 1817. His father, .lames
Baber, was born in Virginia in 1788, and his
grandfather, William Raber, was also a Virgin-
ian. The ancestors of the family were from
England. They r-ettled in .Vmeriea early in the
history of tli2 ■ oiiiitry. Mr. Raber's father
married Miss Elizabeth Chewing, of V^irginia.
the daughter of Mr. Adas Chewing, a \irgiii-

!)!)S

ntsTollY OF (>fi/S00}f.

Imii. iilxp. He. too, ilcsi'ciidi'ii tVolri oiK^ of tlic
eiiily settlers of the country. Mr. BaberV fatlicr
and six l)rotliers were in tiie war of 1812, and
wtM'e stationed at Norfolk. Mr. Hahcr's parents
had four children, and all are now li^inir. 'I'lic
mother died in West Vir<riiiia in 18.")0, and Mr.
lialxT. Sr.. survived liis wife some eight years.

(i. II, Halier, the suhject of this .--ketclj, the
eldest son, was reared in West V^ii'i^inia. and
edu<'ated there until he left for the far West in
18-11. He settled on the last purchase made
from the Lone Indians in Jefiersoii county,
Iowa.

Two years later he niarrie<l Miss Elizabeth
Jane Knox, of I'ennsyNania. In 1845, with his
wife anil her father and family, he crossed the
plains tor Oregon, where they conld secure vast
tracts of valuable land if they would settle on
the land. When they urrive<l at Oregon City
they wintered there, and then went to Linn
county, where they were the first settlers. His
father-in-law, .lames Knox, Amlersoii Cox, two
men mimed Ke<'7„ a Mr. Hale and Mr. I'aber
went there in the spring of 184-(). They settled
at Kno.x Hutte, the |)lace taking its name from
his father-in-law. Mr. I'aijer secured a mile
s(|uaroof land ad joining Mr. Knox's. The latter
lived on his claim and improved it, until his
death, in IHVi. They orouglit with them four
sons and four daughters, and this donation
claim is >till owned in the family; Mr. I'aher's
was on the uorth, adjoining Mr. Knox's. He re-
siiled on his claim twelve years, and then moved
into the town of AUiany, .'ind was engaged in
money-loaning. He, in 1883, sold out, and
putting his money at interest, has since lived on
his inconu', but he continues as a money-lender.

Mrs. I'.aber died in 1874. They had no chil-
dren. In 1875 he married Miss Wilhelmina
K' rouse, (if (iermany, who had come to Oliio
when a child. Two daughters have blessed thio
uniiin: I.iverne II. and .Josephine, Ixtth resiiling
with their parents.

After residing in Linn county for thirty-
seven years, in 18>i3 Mr. Haber removeil with
his family to the beautiful city of Forest Grove,
and pui'chased a nice home and there resides. In
his vdungerdavs he was a memiicr of several of
the >ecret societies, liut in his 1,'iler years heiloes
not give them much attention. In his youth he
was rt Whig, aiul later became a Uepublican,
and he has the honor of being the first County
Judge of Linn county, and served in that
caiiacity with distinction for three years. Not-

witlihtan<ling that he was raised in the South,
when theqiiestionof secession and disunion arose,
he said: "My people are wrong, and I will not
uphold them in it. As a loyal citi/en it is my
duty to use my influence on the side of my
(Tovernment." I>y taking this honorable course
he secured the high esteem of every lover of his
country. The n)ost gratifyiiig reflection on his
past life is that there was never any stain of
secession on his garments. It is now (18'>t2)
forty-nine years since he came to Oregon, and
most wonderful have been the changes which
have taken place during that time. When he
first saw Portland, in 1845, it had one small
house built on poles; now it is a great city of
80,000 people, the metropolis of a great, wealthy
and prosperous State; then it was a wilder-
n<,6S. He came to Oregon in search of choice
land, and found what he wanted, and by per-
sistent and intelligent effort, his wildest bo])ee
have been realized. He has just cause to be
|)roud of Oregon, as a great deal of her pros-
perity is due to him, whom all his fellow-citizens
regard as one of their most worthy pioneers.

A. IjAKEU, one of the leading and
influential citizens of Weston, was
o born in New London county, Con-
necticut. August 28, 1848. His father. James
W. Haker, was also a native of Connecticut,
where he nnirried Miss Elizabeth Butter, of the
same State. I!y occupation Mr. I'aker was an
oil refiner, and at one time was very wealthy,
bo and Mr. Piatt being the leading oil men of
those days. He sold out his interest in the oil
country iind moved to lirooklyn, .New York,
where he now resides. He and his wife had
nine children, three of whom are still living,
two at home, and the subject of this sketch.

(•ur subject was tin- fourth child in order of
birth, and secured his education in the common
schools of his native State, until he was thirteen
years of age. In September, 1801. he eidisted in
the luival service, (ui board of the .\tlantic, under
('aptain William Ilrown, commanding, now the
Naval Librarian in the city of Washington, Dis-
trict of Columbia. Mr. I'aker served over three
years on the water, raising blockades and hunt-
ing down the rebel gunboats on the Atlantic and
(rulf. After his three years' service he was
ilischarged, March, 18(54, and he went to Texas

BiHfORY Oh' OliKaoN.

and New Nfexico, wliere lie rctiniiiiieil twelve to
fourteen years, teaching school aiul contracting
ou the railroails, being engaged on the tirst one
that ever came to Texas. In IHSo he removed
to Oregon, and settled at Weston; at first engag-
ing in painting, a trade he had learned in Texas,
but, although he did very tine work in that direc-
tion, he abandoned it to take charge of the
Weston Leader, a paper that would be an honor
to a much larger town than Weston. This
paper he edited and managed for three years,
building it up and making it a .very bright
paper, and one the surrounding country is proud
of. Mr. Baker is one of Weston's leading citi-
zens, having served aa Justice of the I'eace for
several years, (jity Recorder, Councilman, and in
1888 received the nomination for Kepresenta-
tive of Umatilla county, and, although the
county is largely Democratic, he was only beaten
by thirteen votes, lie declares that it is a fact,
of which he is extremely proud, that he was
able to make so good a race in a Democratic
county. In March, 1892, he was appointed
storekeeper and ganger of the distillery of his
district, which position he still retains.
■ In 1880 he was married to ^liss Jennie Tal-
bott, of Texas. Mr. and Mrs. I'aker have four
children, namely: James, Maud, l^enjamin and
May. lie is a member of the K. of P., in
which he has passed the chairs, and he is Past
Commander in the (i. A. R. Post, of Weston.
In politics he is a Rejuiblicjiti. Mr. and ^[rs.
I'aker are highly respected citi/.ens of Weston,
and greatly beloved by their large circle of
friends.

-xi^.

UlARLES COOK, superintendent of the
Ump(|ua Valley Canning Company, was
born in Albany, New York, September
30, 1851. lie learned the trade of a machinist
in early life, and is a pra(;tical engineer.

In February, 1883, he came to Oregon, and
for five years was eniployeil in the Salem Kvap-
orator; served two years in the cannery there,
and in February, 1S92, began the establislunent
of the canning plant at lloseburg. The capital
stock was $12,000, and the cannery complete is
118x20 feet; the evaporator, 80 x 40 feet; the
warehouse, 70 x 20 feet; and the engine house,
30x20 feet. They em])loy 150 men, and the
daily capacity reaches 1,000 bushels of prunes

a day, evaporated, and 2,500 cans filled. They
began operations in Jidy, 18112. In addition lo
his interest in this iilant, Mr. (Jook owns a t'
prune ranch twelve miles north of Drain, Doug-
las county, which contains about 0,000 trees.

lie was married in Oregon, to Miss liuchei
Mentz, and they have one child. Socially, .Mr.
Cook is an Odd Fellow, and is one of Uo>e
burg's best citizens.

\ORATIO COOKK, an Oregon pi.meer of
1852, was born in New York city Decern-
.j^ ber 15, 1820. His father, Horatio Cooki'.
was a native of Worcester, I'lngland, born in
1788, and emigrated to the United States in
1819. lie was a woodturner by trade, ainI a
fine mechanic also, lie openeil a shop in New
York city, and was there marrie<l to Miss Annie
I'ennett, also of Kngland, who cmigi'ated upon
the same ship. In 1839 Mr. Cooke reUKJved his
family to Chicago, and there continued his
trade.

Our subject remained with his parents until
mature life, and learned the trade of wood-
turning and round-post making. In April,
1852, accompanied by his brother, (ieorge, with
one pair of horses and a wagon, they started for
Oregon. Near (!ouncil Uluffs they t:aded one
horse for a yoke of oxen, and continued the
journey. With rapid travel, their load soon
became too heavy, and stopping upon the plains,
they cut the wagon in two, and made a cart with
which to continue the journey; the balance of
the wagon-box was converted into cotHns to bury
the dead of an afllicted family camping near by.
.\fter lightening their load, the two CJooke
brothers continued their journey, and the yoke
of oxen brought them >al'ely to the Unnitilla
agency.

While here they sold their cattle and packed
their effects thrinigh the Dalles to Portland.
Crossing the river in a tiat-boat. he discovered a
small chair shop, the pro|)rietor of which was
Joe Cleaver, an old Fastern frieml. with whom
they secured work for themselves, and continued
there until August, 1853. when our subject
opened a shop for cliair and cabinet work, sub
sequently adding the manufacture of sash, doors
and general furniture. In I8t}8 he engaged in
the undertaking business, and in 1S70 be e?i
tere.l into partneiship with John I'jory in the

100()

lit STORY Oh^ OHKtiOtr.

same liiif, and coiitiniii'il for six yearn, wiien
tlicy (lisBolved iiiid di\ided tlie stock, since
when Air. Cooke has carried on tiio business
alone, lie ims sjiaciou!* parlors and wiirerooins
on tlie corner of Second and Oak streets, where
his larjfe stock will meet the demands of the
most fasticliouH.

lie enlisted in Comjiany A, Washington
()nard,.< >rcgon State Militia, in 1802, and by
steady promotion tlirongli the several oHicial
ranks, became a Lieutenant in 1.S72. and through
the death of Cajitain Charles S. Mills, in 1875,
was ele(!ted to till the vacancy, wiiich position
lie held for fourteen years, with twenty-five years
of continuous service. In 1872 lie was tlie
" crack shot " of" his company, and won the first
prize, a silver Maltese cross, for e.xcellency of
inark8manslii|i. He raised his company to such
proficiency of drill that, in the Centennial cele-
bration, July 4, 1870, lie was awarded the hand-
some gold medal, properly embellished and in-
scribed, liy the Centennial Committee.

II(! was married in Portland, in ISti-l, to Miss
Kate .1. Di'.lv. who died in 1*S78, leaving three
children: l.'icy, (iertrudo and Alice. Mr. Cooke
was again married in Portland, June 12. 1883, to
Miss Margaret Stewart. Mr. ('ooke has served
six years as Coroner of Multnomah county, but
has sought no official jjositions outside of his
regular line of work, to which he gives unceas-
ing attention, being able and efficient in the
discharge of his duties.

-^-c^--^

M. CLINK, an Oregon pioneer of 1852,
was born in 15oiid county. Illinois, in
I * 1829. a son of Thomas and Sarah
(Scott) Cline, natives of Pennsylvania and
North Carolina, respectively. After their mar-
riage, in 1826, the pai'cnta settled in Pond
county. Illinois, in 1828, and pasted their lives
in that State. The father was a t'arnier by
occiipatiim. and our subject was reareil to agri-
cultural ])ursuits; he reinaine<l at home until
he had attained man's estate, and in the spring
of 1852 started to Oregon in company with
John K., (ieorge T. and Richard Waite and
Samuel Hlanchard. Tiiis little conijiany were
well mounted, fully armed, and each had a good
pack mule; thus, unattended, they faced the
lianlships and dangers of that long journey.
I'roceeding to Council Pluti's. they waited re-

cruits, but unable t<i find the right men properly
armed and equipped, the little J'arty set forth
on the 8th day of May; they crossed the present
site of the city of Omaha, which was then
marked by a single log hoii.'.e, used as a trading
post. • The country was infested with Indians,
and buffalo roamed at will; cholera was raging
on the plains, and the stricken familieB were
constantly appealing to. the young men to ren-
der them assistance in driving their teams. Put
life was dear, and delay meant possible death;
the band of jive pushed steadily and bravely on,
and crossing the Cascade mountains by the Bar-
low route, they landed in the Willamette val-
ley after sixty-two days of travel. Continuing
through Oregon City to Marion county, Mr.
Clinc located 100 acres of land, fifteen miles
northeast of the present city of Salem. He
began making shaved shingles, and also taught
school for a number of yeais. He embarked in
the lumber trade, which he carried on quite ex-
tensively. P>y homestead and purchase he in-
creased his lands to 400 acres, all well timbered,
and continued the logging business for twenty
years; when he liad exhausted this industry he
grubbed out the stumps and developed a tine
farm, on which he lived until 1889. He then
sold the homestead and 240 acres, retaining
only 100 acres of fine pasture land; this is well
stocked with liorses and a band of Angora
goats.

Mr. Cline was married, in 1854, to Miss
Orinda Fuller, a daughter of Joel Fuller, a pio-
neer of 1853. She died in 1887, leaving a fam-
ily of seven children: Ellen, wife of William
Pozarth; George T., William, Jennie, Lulu,
Alfred and Annie. Mr. Cline was married a
second time, in 1889. to Mrs. J.,ouisa (Dod-
dridge) White, a native of Pennsylvania. They
are now residing at Woodburii, where they own
a pleasant home and other valuable town prop-
erty. Our worthy subject is a memb'^r of Adel-
phi Lodge. K. of P. He has served his city as
Uecordec for a year, and is completing his
second year as Justice of the Peace.

«^<

><•*-

[ULKiE MORTON 1). CLIFFORD is per-
I haps the most popular man of his age in

eastern Oregon. He was born in Oltuinwa.
iipello county. Iowa. May 24. 1859. and he

remaiiieO

in his native place until he was eleven

niSTOHY OF ORKOON.

inoi

yenrs of ago. His fatlier, Ilenimn Clifford, died
ill 1S03, wIrmi our subject wiis hut foiii- years of
age, Imviiig been one of tlic sons of tscotland
wlio came to Oregon, llis mother was named
Jane (Malum) Cliiford, and she was a native of
Ireland, who was bronglit to America when a
small girl, in 1870.

Mrs. Clifford and her son. Morton, came to
Oregon in l^iTt), and settled in Cafion City,
(irant county, where Mrs. Cliftonl afterward
married N. S. Babcock, and he died in 1890,
leaving two sons, N. S. and A. L., who are now
living with their mother in Grant coiiiity. ^lor-
ton D. attended the coiir 'o i schools, and then
completed an academic i.rse in eastern Ore-
gon in 1881, and then studied law with the
firm of Hill & Mays, of the Dalles, ami was
admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of
Oregon in ( )ctober, 1882.

Our Buliject then returned to (irant county
and opened a law office in Cafion City, where he
still resides, lie was Deputy Sheriff of the
county for one year, and in 1884 entered polit-
ical life, lie then received the noininatioii for
the District Attorneyship for the Sixth dudicial
District of this State, from the hands of the
Democratic State Convention, defeating the
regular Republican iioniinee, Hon. C. "\V. i'ar-
risli, one of the most prominent attorneyp in
eastern Oregon. Renominateil in 188() for the
same office, ho was again elected by a large
majority.

Mr. Clifford is a man of modest demeanor,
but possessed of a steadfastness of purpose that
surmounts every ol)8tacle. Ilis name lias been
a terror to evildoers, as attested by the large
niiniber now incarcerated in the penitentiary, as
a result of his vigilant prosecution.

Judge Clifford was appointed by (iovernor
Pennoyer to fill tlu; ])lace made vacant by the
d(iatli of .ru<lge L. 15. Ison, as Associate Justice
of the district, over which he had so long held
the attorneyship, lie was iioiiiinatod at the
next Democratic convention, and was elected by
a majority of 2,107 out of a total of 13,000.

The marriage of our subject took place in
August, 1885, to Miss Edith Ilazeltiiie, a
daughter of Judge Ilazeltine, of John Day
City, (irant county, Oregon. Mrs Clifford was
born in Oregon, and her father was a native of
Illinois, her mother of California. Two bright
little children have gladdened their Ikiimo: ller-
ald, boMi ill 1888; and Emma, in 189(1. The
Judge is a member of the Masonic fraternity,

also of the I. O. G. T. In the former he holds
the position of Senior Warden of the (iraiid
Lodge of the State of Oregon, and has received
the thirty-second degree.

Judge Clifford has yet a long lif(> of useful-
ness before him, and, taking his jiast recnid as a
precedent, he is destined to become an imporlant
factor ill sha])iiig the future course of tlu< Demo-
cratic party in this rapidly growing State.

fOlIN WILLIAM liUSTEU, senior mem-
ber of the firm of Pilister ife Shelley, pro-
jirietors of the oldest and leading di'iig
house of Independence, was born in Missouri,
April 7, 1859, in Stickton, Cedar county, llis
father, dleneral W. liiistcr, was born in reiines-
sce, but removed to Missouri, where he was mar-
ried to Miss Charlotte Iticter, also a native of
Tennessee. She was the daughter of William
Kicter, of Tennessee, who removed to Missouri.
Mr. anil Mrs. iiiister bad but the one chi!(i, tlui
subject 'if this sketch, when the great civil
v;ar burst upon this land, with all its frightful
carnage, and Mr. Buster enlisted in the Southern
army, lie fought gallantly in several small en-
gagements, finally losing his life from a gunshot
wound, received in the battle of Marshtiidd,
Louisiana. This loft our subject fatherless at
an early age and his mother a widow, .\fter
some years she married again, a Mr. John J.
Roberts. lie also died and she is now a uiilow
for the second time, and resides in Texas.

John Iiiister was educated in the Arkansas
Industrial University. He taught school in
Texas for three years, and in 18S2 he came to
Oregon and taught school in HiuMia Vista, I'olk
county. In Sejitcniber, 188 L he came to In-
dependence and purchased the iiitere>l of Mr.
Robertson, in the drug business, of which lie is
now the senior member. This business hail been
operated by Dr. .\. li. Kobortson. on its present
site, for fourteen years. The business was or-
ganized in 1884, with Mr. Vt-rnon as partner,
tlien, after five years, Mr. \. S. Lock purchased
Mr. Vernon's interest, and the business con-
tinued under this management until 1892, when
Mr. Iv. A. Shelley purchased Mr. Lock's inter-
est. The firm is a thoroughly reliable one, and
carries a larg(^ stock. It is coiistrucfel on the
most honorable and liberal basts.

1003

niSTORY OF OREGON .

^.^ <

Mr. Jiiiiitcr liiiK duvoted iiiiicli of his enerffy
ami biisiiiiiss ahility to the (Jcvulupniuiit of the
city. He liiirt iiivestcil in city pr(i|ii;rty. and
iiwiis ii iii('(i lidiiic ill tlie city. Such inuii as
tiiis arc needed in every conmiuiiily.

Ill Octiiiier, ISSli, lie iiiiirriud MinB \\. .1.
Vernon, a imti\ c daii^ditur of tliu soil, lier I'atiicr,
■ioiin Vernon, lieiiij* one of I'olk county's wor-
tliy ijioiiuoi's. (Suu sl^otcli of sanio.) Mr. and
Mrs. ISnstcr have two children: .). W., Jr., and
Kilna.

Mr. IJuster is a ]'a«t Master Mason, and is a
inenilicr of tile order of Woodmen. In politics
he i^ a Dinnocrat, and has serveil as a moinliur
of tlie CJitv Ooiiiicil and as City Treasurer for
,-everal yt'iirs. lie was a incnilior of the Hoard
(if Trustees of city scliools, who erected tlie
present fine scliool building, which is a credit
to the School Hoard and the city of Independ-
ence, as the huildiiig is one of the finest in the
city.

Mr. Iluster is a sjiirited, kind-hea'-ted and
obliging citizen, combining the traits of char-
acter that achieve success in all the walks of
life.

-^-^#-H#

fli. V. r.UTi,ER, an honored Oregon pic-
ueer of 1S49, now deceased, was born in
" Mew lioston, Xew Hampshire, Septem-
ber !(, 18011. His jiarents were early settlers of
New Hampshire, and his jjjrandfatlier, Daniel
I'litler, and his i'atlier. Daniel Butler, were both
born in that State. The ancestors of the family
were prominent in the otHces of the town, beinj;
selectmen and magistrates, and held offices of
honor and trust in the church and State. They
]nirticipated in the Revolutionary war an<l in
the later waiv of their country. Mr. Butler's
father married Miss Dilla Butler, a native of
the State of New Hampshire, and while she had
the same name she was no relative. They had
a family of twelve children, and nine were
reared to inatnrity, but only one of the daugh-
ters now siirx ives. Mr. Butler was a IJnivcr-
salist in his faith and his wife was a Congrega-
tioiialist. He lived to the age of eighty-three
years, and she died in her seventy-sixth year.
Mr. Butler, the subject of the jireseiit sketch,
was the fifth child, and he was reared at liis na-
tive place .'ind obtaiiietl an academical education.
tie learned the bricklayer's trade and began life

as such. Later he was engaged in contracting
and building, lie removed to Illinois in 18.'}i,
and ou May 0, IHiJiJ, in i'ittsfield, Bolk county,
Illinois, he was married to Miss Elizabeth In-
galls, who was born in Ohio, and was the daugh-
ter of Israel Ingalls, who was of Scotch- Irish
descent. Her grandfather and grandniother,
Mary (Nord) Ingalls, came from the north of
Ireland, and lu^ died with the cholera in Illi-
nois, in his forty-fifth year, and his wife died
ill her seventy-sixth year.

After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Butler remained
eleven years in Illinois, and on April 9, 1849,
they started on the long journey to far-off Ore-
gon. They came with o.xen, and brought with
tliem their three little boys: Orville, Neheniiaii
and Henry. A brother-in-law, a sister, and a
sisterin-law accompanied them, and they had
six yoke of oxen and two saddle-horses. They
mot with no serious misfortune. Every river
was crossed by cuting trees and making rafts
wide enough to hold the wagons and these were
floated across. The cattle and stock swam across,
and Mrs. Butler, who still survives, says the
journey was very enjoyable, although parts of
it was attended with much anxiety and discom-
fort. There were seventy-six brave men in the
*Tdin, and only three women and the children,
80 that they were well protected. The princij)al
diet was bread, liacon and coffee, but sometimes
there would be game. They arrived at Oregon
City Si.'ptember '11, and here they wintered,
and their diet was salmon, coffee and bre.id.
They lived in a shanty with many cracks in it,
but fortunately it was not a severe winter, and
they j)ut up with it, and with hopt^fiil hearts
stood it through. In the spring Mr. Butler
went to Portland, built a house by setting posts
in the ground and boarded it with split boards,
and here he ojiened a store and sold goods. Here
they lived for two years. When the first steam-
mill was built, there was no one to build the chim-
ney nor smokestack, and the gentlemen were
wondering in Mr. Butler's store who they could
get to do it. Mr. Butler said; " 1 can do that
if you can tend my store," so he had the honor
of building the chimney on the first steam-mill
in Bortlaml. After two years it was supposed
that Eola would make a town and become the
capital of the State, and Mr. Butler went there
and opened a store, and for some years it was the
center of supplies for a large ))ortion of that
part of Oregon. All the people of Polk county
went there to trade. He did a successful busi-

nrsTOJir of oheoon.

t008

nesB tlicrc, iiiifl in 1857 lie caiiic to Muniiioiitli.
Tliere wore tluMi four houses in tliis town, nnd
lie l)uilt )i little store liuilding on tlio sontliwcst
corner of Monmouth an<l llailroatl streets, iind
here he eonimenced business hiuI continued »
nunilier of ycHrs, huying and fliipping grain,
ami huying and shipping large (juantitios of
])ork. I.ater his health failed and he retired
from mercantile pursuits, purchased 217 acres of
land adjoining the city of Monmouth, built a
large and commodious residenco, commanding a
fine view of the country, and here he resided in
peace and content until the time of his death,
which occurred October 18, 187U. He had
reared n tine family of children, and had accum-
ulat^nl a largo property. He was a kind hus-
band and an obliging neighbor, and was ii man
wlio possessed a high moral charactor. His
children are: Sarah .lano became the wife of
Luther Urown and reBi<le8 at Monmouth; Lydia
married C. C. Kiihn, had five children and died
ill her thirty-sixth year; Portia E. became the
wife of W. J. Mulkoy, a leading merchant of
Monmouth, and the son of a pioneer; DillaM.
married F. W. Fenton, a ])rominent lawyer of
Yam Hill county, and resides at McMinnville;
LauUa is now the wife of G. T. Hoothby, and
lives in Monmouth; J. 15. V., Jr., resides at the
homestead with his mother. He graduated from
the (Christian College, at Monmouth, in 18S2,
and since his father's death he has managed the
farm. He was married in 1885, to Miss Fanny
Harris, a native of Minnesota, and a daughter
of Dr. George C. Harris. They have two sons:
Willis Dale and Titus Roy. One of the sons
of Mr. Butler, Mehemiah, is one of the most
proniiiicnt men in Polk county. He was re-
cently elected to the State Senate. He studied
law with .ludge Boise, of Salem. He graduated
from the univiTsity, and is a talented man.

Thus we have imperfectly fold the history of
one of Oregon's worthy pioneers of 1849. He
made a good record, and his memory is revered
by his children and the people of the great State
of Oregon.

^-^-

fCRABILL, one of the leading furniture
dealers of Baker City, was born in Cham-
o jiaign county, Ohio, September IfJ, 183!>.
tie was the second child in the family born to

B. S. and .\ngcline (Vabill. the former nf wlmm
was born in Shenandoah cuiiiitv, Virginia, in
181ij. Mr. Crabill rcmovtMl to Ohio when he
was a young man and was married to Mi^s An-
geliiie Stinebiirger. in IS'i'.l, who was born in
that State in 1811. Mr. Crabill was a farmer
by occupation ami resided in Ohio uiilil ISHt,
when he removed to Hancock county, Illinois,
bought a farm of 420 acres, which was imrtly
improved. Her{< he resided and rt^areo his
family, making a very valuable farm out of his
land. Since growing oM Mr. ('i-Mbill has r(>-
moveil to Hancoc.k county, where he has a very
fine residence and other propitrty. Mrs. ('ra-
bill died in 187'.l. aged si.xty-eight years. She
lived to pass her golden wedding, having mar-
ried very young. They were the parents of
seven children, of whom 8i,\ are liviiif,', namely:
.lohii, now residingin Illinois, where Jose|ih, the
ne.xt child, also makes his lioiiie; [iUciiida, at
home with her father; William, machiniht in
Potsville, Nebraska; Lewis, of Baker City, Ore-
gon, president of Baker (!ity Lumber (/'oiiipiny;
and the subject of this sketch.

Mr. Crabill, our subject, crossed the plain"* in
1862, with his brother ami two other gentlemen,
with an ox team which they purchased in ])art-
iiership, and provisions enough to last them
through the perilous journey. On the way they
were surrounded by about 200 liKlians and
forced to give U|) a portion of their provisions
in order to save their lives. The trip consumed
about four months. Our subject stojiped in
Nevada and mined for two years. tlk'H went to
Idaho, where ho worked for two years in the
mines. Landing in Baker Cit^-, Oregon, in
18t)6 he began to work at the cariionter trade,
which he ha<l picked up in Nevada and Idaho,
following this calling for about twenty-Hvo
years when, March, 1892, he went into the
furniture business. Mr. Crabill has succeeded
wonderfully well in his wcst(H-n home iiud now
owns his residence, a nice business property on
Main street, in Baker City, two stories high,
the lower floor of which he occupies for his
furniture ami the upper tloor is rented as
offices.

Mr. (Jrabill was married September 12,1880,
to Miss Barbara Rust, a native of Germany, who
came to America in 1877, being then twenty-

Hs born in 1S5

five years of age, as she was

and .Mrs. Crabill have thre(^ ,,,,,.,,„.,. ,,.....,.,.

Benjamin S., Emma and Roy U. Mr. Crabill

Ireii. naniciv

inoi

nrSTOIlY OF ORKnON.

Ib II iiK'iiiljcr 111' llic Muediiit; fiiiltn'nity, in
wliicli III* liiiM tillf<| III! the chiiirK. llu has iiueii
Ili;^ii I'rioHt of tile (!lia|)tt'r. llu lias si^rviMJ (iii
till! CoiiMcii of till' city and ill politics he is a
htiiiiig IJejmlilicuii.

(ASSlllS W. TKCK, lati'oiieof runiaiid'a
t'iitt'r|iriiiiti<{ inanul'acturers, was born in
lliulsuii, Illinois, Kcbi'iiiiry 1, 18511. His
t'litlicr, riiincHs, was born in New York l)o-
iTiiiliur ;{, 18i)5, Tliny uri' of Kiiglisli nncpstry.
who sottluii in America in the early history of
the country. They are Haptists. and the father
of .Mr. l'liiiiea> I'nck, .loliii Peek, was a liaptist
minister in New Y'ork, but he removed with his
fiiniily to Illinois, where his son. i'hineas, was
liroiiglil 11 1) and in 1858 niarriiMl Miss Sophia
Sloiiii, of Ohio. They had three children, of
whom (lassius was the eldest. His iiiother died
wlii^ii he was five years old and they removed to
Iowa, where Cussiiis was raised and educated
until his .-e\entepnth year, when he came to
Oregon with his father, and they located at
Bail vies, carrying; on the stock business. The
father is still eni^aj^ed in the same business, ro-
sidinif at N'eriioniii City.

Mr. Peek befjan business Utr himself as a
horticulturist, and on 8e|)teinber 13, 1885, he
initrrie(l Miss Mary Moore, of Oregon, and the
daui;liter of .lolin ^loore, who came to Oregon
ill 1852, ])iii'chaaed land at Mount T bor and
resided there as a farmer and fruit raiser-nntil
the time of his death in 1880. He was a reli-
alile and honorable man. and was esteemed by
all who knew him. His wife died in the Octo-
lier foUowiiii;.

.Mr. and Airs. Peck hud two children, born in
Portland: Klnier M., and Loyd (". They di-
\ idcd up their fruit lands and sold them, from
time to time, at good prices, but they have re-
tained four acres, on which they made a valuable
home. Mr. Peck |)urcha8ed the conibination
wire and picket fence and founded the Kast
Portland Fence Works, of which he was projiriti-
tor. The factory is 127 South Water street.
East Side, where he manufactured and dealt in
all kinds of picket and ornamental fencing.
His business methods were liberal and honor-
able, and the enterprise is a growing one and is
nieetini; with satisfactory success. He was an
active member of the Mount Tabor Methodist

(!hiircli, as is also Mrs. I'eck. Mr. Peck was a
worthy and enterprising citizen of the State that
had been his home for so many years.

.\ftei a long illness of several weeks of ty-
phoid fev((r he was unable to rally from the
strain of his already overtaxed body, and died
( )ctober :!. 1892. His wife was too ill to attend
the fnii'M'al, where a great many friends paid
him the last honor. Mr. Walton Skipworth, of
the Mount Tabor Methodist Episcopal Church,
delivered a very touching sermon.

tlJFUS P. CALDWELL was born in Mc
Minn county, Tennessee, in 1835, a son of
William M. and Sarah (Hayes) Caldwell,
natives of North Carolina. They removed to
Tennessee about 1820, and there Mr, (Jaldwell
engaged in raising cotton, corn and wheat. In
1851 he emigrated to Henderson county, Illi-
nois, and followed agricultural pursuits until
1805; in that year he went to Butler county,
Iowa, and there passed the closing years of his
life, Riifiis P, Caldwell, the eeventh of a fam-
ily of thirteen children, remained with his pra-
ents until 1857, and then bade farewell to his
home and friends, and started to the Pacific
coast; he went to New York, and thence via the
Panama route, arriving in San Francisco April
21, 1857; thence he went to Marysville, and
there followed mining and teaming until March,
1S50. Heturning to San Francisco, he took a
steamer for Oregon, and came directly to Lane
county, where he rented land and engaged in
farming. During the summer of 18(52 he ran
a pack train, carrying freight and passengers'
luggage and supplies.

He was marriec!, in 18(53, to Miss Mary E.
Morgan, a daughter of John Morgan, a pioneer of
1853. After his marriage Mr, Caldwell de-
voted himself to farming, and in 1868 he bought
his present farm of 290 acres, three miles south-
west of Junction City; he also owns another tract
of 1(53 acres. Ho continued to cultivate these
places until 1880, when he moved his family to
Junction City, where he now reside.s; be still
superintends and manages both places. Mr. and
Mrs. Caldwell have a family of six children : Sa-
rah ( '., wife of Frank Woolsey. of Portland ; Eliz-
abeth J. wife of William Hall; Dan E,, Miliey
Francis, William W, and Mary Ruth,

insroity of ouKooif.

lOOS

In 18!tl Mr. {'nldwell cstal.lialicd tli(« " Hnrkot
Store"" lit JiiiK^tidii <'ity, wliicli in iiiniiiij^cil liy
his ilaiightcr, Milloy I'. He is a iiu'mi)i>r ol'
()snj<o Lo(ij»i', No. H, 1. (). (). F., anil of l''ern
Itidgo liodge, l'"iiriner8' Alliance. Ho lias
served two tt'rins as a tneiiiliur of the City
('oiiiicil, and is ono of the highly respected eiti-
zens of Lane connty.

^mk^

§()N. CHAHI-KS n. HELLINOKU, a wide-
ly known and highly respected eitizen of
< )re^on, came to this State in 1817 from
his native county of Knox, Ulinois. His an-
cestors were early settlers of the State of New
York, his grandfather, John H. Hellinfrer, and
father, Edward H. I'ellinf^er, ha\ iiiji; heeii horn
in that State. In 183(i both f^frandfather and
father reiiioveil to Illinois, from where, in 1847,
liireil hy the large donations of rich land in
Oregon, they emigrated, with their families,
across the plains to this Staf<'. Although they
underwent dangers and jirivations on this jour-
ney overland, yet they have never regretted the
undertaking. This journey was accroiiiplished
with oxen, and was slow and tedious in the ex-
treme. The Imlians in the Coluinhia hasin
were trouhlesome. trying to roh them of
their cattle, hut by vigilance and courage they
kept themselves secure from the savages, arriv-
ing safely in the heautifiil Willamette valley,
wdiere each took a secton of (iovernmoiit land
near what is now tlie capital of the State.
They erected log eiiliins. with puncheon tloors,
and comnienced pioneer life. Grandfather i'il-
linger lived to the good old age of eighty-seven
years, dying in 1S78. He was a soldier in the
war of 1812, and built the first canal-boat in
New York, and was revered by all who knew
him. Three years after they arrived in Oregon
Mr. Hillinger's father died. He had married
Miss Eliza Howard, a native of Illinois. They
brought three children across the plains, and
two cliildren were born in Oregon. Their son,
Charles 15. Billinger, was born on November
21, 1839, and was eight years old when they
crossed tlie plains, lie attended the district
school, after which he attended the Willamette
University for two years, then beginning the
study of law. He was admitted to the bar in
1863, beginning his |)ractiee in Salem, where
he was very successful in his profession. In

18(18 he was elected to the State Legislature by
his party, DeiiKicratie, and served two years,
making an honorable reeord. lie came lo I'ort-
laiid to reside in 1870, where he has since enii-
tiiiiied his ])ra<'tice. lie was foi' a year tlie ed-
itor ipf the l)aily Evening News, after which he
received the apiioiiitment <if Clerk of the Su-
preme Court iiiid lleportc^r of Decisions, and was
afterward appointed dudgeof tlu« Circuit Ileiieh,
comprising five counties, sei'ving in the latter
capacity for two years.

.Iildge Hellinger was married in 18u'J to Miss
Margerys. .lolinson, a native of Ohio, wdio
came to Oregon in 1852. They have seven
children, four sons and three daughters, all born
in Oregon; The eldest son, Oscar, is a civil
engineer; Victor C. is stenographer for his
father's law firm; John is a clerk in the Port-
land Savings Haiik. 'I'lie others are: Everett
H., Edith. I)aisy and Kate. Edith is the wife
of Mr. (i. C. Edwards.

Mr. I'elliiiger is a Koyal Arch Mason, and is
a I'ast Master of the bhui lodge. In religious
views ho is liberal, adlierini; to the Unitarian
Society.

The name of his firm is I'elliiiger, Mallery &
Simon, one of the leading law linns of the State,
its senior meinlar being a gentleman of the
highest reputation fur ubllity and lienor. As a
judge, Mr. liellinger made an enviabit" record,
and has been no lc.-.s fortunate as a practicing
lawyer, having, in the trial of intricate eases,
few equals, and no superiors.

He has built a beautiful home in the city of
Portland, where he and his wife, the partner of
his sorrows fur thirty-three years, live in Iran
(jiiillity, after the stirring life of |>ioiieer days.
Having seen the primeval wilderness of this
western country blossom as the rose into rich
and variecl beauty, it is not to be wondere(l at
that he should so enthusiastically champion the
cause of everything Oregonian.

F. F)ENNETT, an extensive lumber
mendnint, was b(jrn in Sycamore eouii-
'* ty, Pennsylvania, June 30, lS,5li. He
was the oldest of live children born to William
and Elizabeth Bennett. Mr. Bennett, Sr.,
moved to Montana when our subject was a
small boy. He was a lumberman, and always
followed that business. Aftei' a sliort residence

1006

uisTonr "A' oHnaoN-

ill Muiitiiim lie wont liiK^k to I'diiicylviini", mid
ri'iniiiiii'd tlicn? ci^^lit vt'iii'r*, iiiul tlitiii i'iiii){rutuil
to I'liiiliiml, Oft'i^'oM, anil from tlii'io to \Viinli
ingtoii 'I'ci ritiiiv, wliiTc 111' livi'il, (<iif{iij;ril in tlio
liiiiibor liimiiit'Hrt for i-cm'U yoiirs, iiini in IHS,")
moved to linker (!ity, Orcpui, wlii'ie iio Btiirtcd
H Hiiwmill. about tliirtvoii milcH fruin tlin cityi
and lioiiglit a larj;!' tract of tlmliur land in flic
moiiMtiiiii>, wliiTc ho crt'ctt'd his mill that lie
had liri>ii;;lit from i'dini-vlvaniii with liiin, and
or^iuiizcd till' prcrti'iit tiriii of I'oniit'tt iV Son.
tlio Hon lii'iiifi our siilijiH'.t. 'I'liry I'l't-cti'd a large
iilaning-mill in Jtiikcr (!ity, wlitiri' they maiiii-
fai'tiiro cvi'rythin^ in their lini', such as HiiKlies,
doors, ho.xi's, and saw about "i.OOO.OOO jut year.
Their trade aj;{,'regati's about i?20,{)()() per year.

'I'lie fiitlier of our suiijeet was innrried to
Kli/.iibetli nurney, a imtivo of Pennsylvania, who
died in 1S72. Our suliject married Miss
Frances Noo in 1S82. She is n native of Iowa,
and came to Oregon witli her parents in 1872.
Mr. and Mrs. Hennctt have three children: John,
James and {''rancCH.

M. F. nennett has one brother in Washing-
ton and two in Oregon. One sister is in IVnii-
Bylvania. The Hemiett I'ros. have the riehest
silver mines in (ireen Horn mountain. It pays
if5() per ton so' far, and is getting rielier the
further down they get. They have been offered
820,()()() for a three-fourth interest, but tlieyaro
not anxious to sell, ;.B it is paying them a
good dividend, and thp," vo jiushing work as
fast as possible. Thia niine is known as the
Trumpet mine.

J. (Jl'LVEK, County Surveyor for
Marion county, was born in 1SH7, in
|<* the county he now represents. His
lueestry were anioiig the pioneers of Ohio,
wiiere his father, W. I*. ("Culver, was born, and
from where he emigrated in 1H52, crossing tiie
plains for (jilil'oniia. He followed mining for
several yeiirs, then settled in Marion county.
Ori'gon, and engaged in farming. The mother
of our siibjeet was Miss Louisa (ilovor, a native
of Missouri, daughter of Philip (ilover, an Ore-
W. 1}. Culver and Miss

at the (rlovor ranch in

gon pioneer of 1848.
(41over were married
Marion cimnty.

W. .1. Culver was educated at the Willamette
ruivereity, where bv paid particular attention

to surveying, with tile view of making that Iho
occupation of lii> life. I'pou i'oni|ileting his
-tiiilies, in 188:{, he then began teaching at the
liKliiiii sehool at Wiiiiii Spring re.-ervution, and
sub.-e<|Ui'ntly ill the piiblii' sehools of Marion
and Polk counties. I'liis be I'oiitinued until
the spring eleetion of 18SM, when lie received
the nomination for < 'ouiify Surveyor upon the
lie|)ublican ticket, and was duly elected, iind
was re elected in the spring of IS'.IO. He is
also a Deputy .Surveyor, and in that cii|)acity has
just completed the original survey of several
townships in (JIatsop county.

He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is
constantly engaged in the duties of his oHice, and
is greatly interested in the growth and dovelop-
inontof his native county and State,

|-^H-*^I«— >i^3H.^i$4

§()N. <iEoIU;K.I. (M'IMHN, whoisprnm-
inently identitied with the interests of
Clackamas county, was born on his father's
donation claim at ('urrinsville, in Clackamas
county, Oregon, October ti, 1850. He is tlie
eldest son of Hugh Ciirrin, one of the earliest
and most highly respected pioneers of this part
of the Cuiintry. lliirly in life he was iiiurou to
hard work, and became thoroiiglily \ersed in
the various details of farming and stock-raising.
His education, obtained in the primitive log
schoolhouso near his home, was sii|)plenieiited
by a course in the State .\gricultural t!ollege at
(Jorvallis.

I'pon reaching manhood he |)urcliased a farm
of 4-t() acres, east of and adjoining his father's
donation claim. In 188:5 he formed u partner-
ship with his brother, Hugh 1''., and under the
iirin name of Ciirrin IJros.. they built a store
and engaged in the merchandise business. After
continuing together successfully for a niimbor
of years, the subject of our sketch purchased his
brother's interest in the business and has since
Conducted it alone, it having in the meantime
grown to large proportions. After his father's
death he inherited a portion of the estate, and he
and his brother. Hugh F., purchased the interest
of the other heirs, subseiiuently dividing it be-
tween themselves, each having 160 acres. The
mother still retains her half section. Mr. Cur-
rin built the substantial residence in which he
resides.

iiiHTour OH" (i/iKdoy.

loot

He WU ninrried, in 1N88, to Mm Jt>iiiiio K.
Fiirlis, n iintivi' of lovvii, mid tlicy Imve tlin fol-
lowilii,' imiiicil rliililrcii: Allien, .Ii'SmJc, lliif;li,
Kdwiird, l.illic. Nettie iiiid Nlidirv.

Mr. Curriii \h in pulitlc^ a Dciiincrut, anil iu it
man df libcrni views. Ilr Iima niadu hiicIi a i(>c-
(ini ill till) county in wliicli iio was born, Hiid
wiicre liti lifts iilwayw ri'hided. tliut when noini-
iiati'd liy Iii8 party, in lKy".i,l() re|iieseiit lii« county
in the State i-egislatiiro, lie proved hiiiiBcif so
popular wilii tiie pi'ople tiiat lie overcame a Ko-
pul)liciiii majoritv in tiie cDiiiity ol' 40(1, and was
clei'tcd liy a niajoiity of eij^iity-two; and, iiot-
witlistandinjf that tiie t;cneral (io\ernmeiit iiftc
i)C(>n liepniilican, he Iiiih held tlitt position of
I'ostinaster oi' ( 'nrrinsville for the past nine
years.

He is a^rood farmer, a level-headed and eapaldo
liiisiness until, and a i^fodil re|iresentativc of the
native Hona of Gluckamas county.

R^ltKN CUTTI .\(t, a prosperous farmer of
Chickanias county. ( )reg()ii, was horn at
•' I'ark Place," in this county, ( (ctoher IK
18+7, son of David and Mary (Mattoiu^ Ciittiiif^,
natives of Indiana. His lather was horn Novem-
her 11, ISII, and his imither May 'i, 182), and
they were married November 11,1888, in their
native State, and had three children bor'i to
them there. In the spring of 1847 the family
left their Indiiiiia home and started across the
j)laiii8 for Oregon, and in due time reached their
destination. Abel Cutting, the only one of
tliete three children who is now living, is a resi-
dent of"(trant coiinty. AVhile on their journey
across the jilains tiie father had the misfortune
to tie bitten with sonie insect, which bite resulted
in a sore and scar that badly disfigured his face.
It was, however, bidden by a heavy beard, 'i'lie
following spring, 1848, he took as his donation
claim a section of tiinlier land located nine miles
east of ( )reg(iii City. To the clearing and im-
proving of this land heilovoted his every energy,
working early and late, and f.'om his pioiie. .•
home hos|)itality was extended to all, both friend
and stranger meeting with a cordial welcome,
lie and his good wife had the respect and esteem
of all who knew thetn. His death occurred in
1868. and his wife's December 14. 1880. Of
the live children born to them in Oregon, we
niake the follQwing record: Oren, the subject of

this sketch, is the uldost. The socinid burn diecl
in infancy. Kliza became the wife of (icorgo
llickeiibotbam, and they reticle on the olil lioiiiu
place; Oharles is settleil near by; and David is
married, and resides in (irant coMiity. this
Stftte.

Oren Cutting was reared on his father's farm,
and by lionu! stinly and attendance at the little
log sclioolhiiiise near by he gained bis education.
.\fter his father's death he took cliaige of the
farm. He inheriteil UIKI acres of it, the part
which belonged to bis mother, anil she lived
with him U|i to the linu! of her dc.ith. Later
he went to Molalla and purchased the donation
claim of ({randfather Cultiiig -((10 acres. In
company with his brother, David, he fariiie(l tiiis
proiHM-ty four years. He linally ^old out and
went to (irant county, where for tiv(! years ho
was engaged in the stock business. He then
retiiriKMl to the home furiii, and on it has i-ince
resided.

March 8, lss8, he was married to Miss \'ir
ginia Vaiighan, a native of Clackamas county,
aiul the daughter of W. II. \'auglian.an Oregon
pioneer of 1848. Mr. and .Mrs. ("iitting have
two children: Allen T., borr December 17, I8s0;
and Susan Mary, born .\iigiist Is, 18!t:3.

Like bis father before him, Mr. Cutting is in
politics a Di'iimcrat. He bus served as Uoad
Supervisor and School Director in his district
for a number of years.

On the Cutting bomeateiid is a walnut tree
which measures fifty-four inches around tl
trunk, and the brai>ches of which atford a •
inviting shade. Tlit" nut from which thU ee
grew AIR brought here from the ImisI mi
planted by the father nf our subject. It gi\ ;
good evidence of the proiiuclive soil in which ii
grows, and stands as a inonnmeiit to the worthy
pioneer who planted it.

fONATIIAN CATTPiON. an Oregon pio-
neer of 1852, and ii prominent citizen of
Polk county, wii> Ijorn in 'rennessee May 9.
182ti. He is of (ieniian ancestry, long resi-
dents of America. His father, Murkwood Cat-
iron, was a native of Tennessee, who removed
to Missouri, and thence to Iowa.

Our subject spent a portion of bis early life
in each of the States abu\-e mentioned and
learned the trade of carpenter, at which hi-

■• ! I

g-agl

1008

nrSTORT OF OREGON.

\ 13

Worked for Boini' tiiiiu in lowii, 'oefore ho ciiiiie
to Oregon. He iiiadu tlio trip with a family hy
the name of Cowan, who settled in Alhiiny.
Our subject wiis ii sinjrje man when he came to
this Slate, and lirst stop])ed in i'ortiand, where
]ie worked a few months. He then came to
Yam Hill county, and located "JOO acres of land,
wliere he resided for ten years; he then eanic
to Tolk county and ])urcha8ed 200 acresof land,
one mile nortii of Monmouth. Here he built a
home, ami improved this farm until it was one
(if t+ic tinest farms in the county. He was an
industrious farmer, and succeeded well. He
purchased sixteen acres of land in the city of
Monmouth, whicl increased in value. Ho
built a home on it and, after retirement from
farm life, ho lived here until his death, which
occnrreil >Iidy 5, 1871. He was a Republican
in politics, and a thoroughly reliable citizen.

Mr. Cattron was married in Yam Hill county
^lav 28, 1851, to Miss Klvina Shelton, native
of Micsouri, and daughter of Tebider Shelton.
Mr. ai\d ]\Irs. Cattroii had six children, namely :
Laura, wife of Dr. T. W. Harris, resides in
Eugene; Walter resides in Moscow, Idaho;
Alice, wife of I. J. Craig, resides in Eugene,
where her husband is a druggist; Edgar resides
on the home farm; Eugene is .Mtill at home, en-
gaged in buying and shipping grain; and Bertha
is still at home with her mother. Mr. Cattroii
left his property to his widow, to bo her chil-
dren's after her death. Their home in Mon-
mouth was burned in 1882, and in 18SH Mrs.
Cattron had a nice family mansion erected on
the Monmouth city property, in which she re-
sides. It is one of the most beautiful homes
of the city, evincing the good taste of the
owner. Mrs. Cattron has a wide circle of
friends in many of the counties of Oregon, and
is very highly esteemed.

_^^ ^::r=a ■>''?n»t -----'-'i -^ • .»

1^ A. CKOSS.W, an intelligent and |)ro-
gressive citizen of Salem, Oregon, is a
J[» native of Harrison county, Ohio, where
he was born in 1845. His ancestors were r((-
spected ])ioneers of that vicinity some time be-
fore it bad assumed the rights of Statehood.
From there his father iiioveu, in 1850, to Ma-
liaskrt county, Iowa, then a new and unsettled
counti-y, whore he farmed and worked at his
trade.

The 8ubj<'ct of our sketch livet! at home until
ho was eighteen years of age, improving, to the
best of his ability, which was by no means small,
his limiteil educational facilities. He then went
to Henry county. Iowa, and while there enlisted
in the Konrtli Iowa ISattery, Captain I*. H.
(ioode in conunand. His battery was assigned
to the Army of the Gulf and was stationed at
Thiliodeanx, Eousiana, eighty miles from \ew
Orleans, where they guarded the snp|ilies of that
department. They remained there during the
war, and were discharged at Davenport, Iowa,
.July 1+, 18f)5.

I'pon his dismissal from service Mr. Oossan
went to Keokuk, Iowa, wliero lie passed the
following winter in attendance at the public
^<•l^oolp•. The ;iext sp 'ing ho, wi'h a company
ot friends, who had fitted out a train of nine
wagons, started across the j)lains to Oregon.
They woi. five months oh the way, and met
with the nsual incidents of travel over that long
and tediotis way, finally arriving at I'ortiand on
October 10, (>f the same year.

However leary the journey may have been
to others of that party, it certainly did not seem
to bear heavily on our subject. Cupid may he
a tormenting companion, but he has many witch-
ing ways. At least this was the experience of
him whose life we have to chronicle. Among
tills party of friends was a most estimable young
lady. Miss Lucia E. Smith by name, a native of
Indiana, who helped to beguile the tedium of
the way for our subject, and in return besought
a continuance of her j)leasaiit companionship.
Accordingly they were married soon after their
arrival at their destination, and then located at
Silverton. Here Mr. Crossan att(^nded school
for a year, and then commenced teaching, which
he followed at intervals until 1875. At this
time he and his brother-in-law purchased 320
acres of timber land east of Salein, on which a
sawmill was erected. He acted as foreman in this
mill until IBT'J. About this time Mr. Crossan
|)urcliascd a farm, having sold his interest in the
timber laud, and pursued farming for a year,
when he bought a sawmill on Pudding river,
having 160 acres of wood land adjoining, where
he manufactured lumber for about nine years.
Ho then, although doing well, sold out, and re-
moved to Salem, ever mindful of the beiietits of
a higher education, which his children were now
at an age to enjoy. Here, in flauuary, 18(tl,
he was a|)poin.ed Street ('ommiisioner of the
city, having charge of all improveinents of

HISTORY OF OltBOOK.

IWI!)

streets, sowers and bridge work, proving liiiii-
self a most etficicnt jierson in tbat c'a|)iicity.

Mr. and Mrs. Crossan iiave three eliiUiron
livinjj;: Leon K., Alice ()., and Arno (i., all of
whom arc most intelliirent and promisinij.

Mr. Grossan is a member of Sedfrwick I'oBt,
No. 10. Ci. A. ]{., alco of Silver Lodge, No. 21,
I O. O. F., as well as of the Valley Lodge, No.
18, A. O. V . W., beini^ prominent and resjjected
in all.

Thus we see what ability, conj)led witli some
experience and training, can accomplish, when
persistently and honestly a[)plied. 1 oesesscd of
a reasonable amoiirt of this world's goods, a re-
cipient of the honorable regard of his fellow-
men, secure in the affection of his family, and
aeqnitted by bis own conscience, his life may l)e
Baid to have been a supreme success, for it is by
all these that true snccess is judged, and not
by the noisy applause of the world, or the glitter-
ing trap[)ings of wealtb.

tICIIAJlD COX, ex -County Judge of
Columbiu county, the genlleman whose
name heads this list, is one of St. Helen's
most e;itei'|)rising and progressive citizens. He
came to Oregon in 1877, located in this city,
where he lias occupied some of the most im
portant cjunty offices. .Judge Cox is a native of
England, born in 1843, where he was reared
until sixteen years of agj. lie is the eleventh
'y\ a family of fourteen children iiorn to Caleb
T. and Sarah (Mayce) Cox, both of whom are
now deceased, the father <lying in 1802; the
mother in 18S8.

( Mir subject left his native country in 185U,
and emigrated to (Quebec. Canada, thence to
Montreal, where he remained until 1877. Dur-
ini; his resideiije in Canada . I uiIkc Cox followed
railroading on tin- Grand Trunk Hues as con-
ductor for twelve years, and is a telegrajih
operator by oceupatioti.

Cjiou his arrival in Oregon he engaged as
bookkeeper fo; the firm of Iluelle brothers,
mill owners, which position he has continuously
occupied ever since. He became an American
citizen in 1^82, since which time he has been
an I'.ctive mend>erof the Kepubliean party. He
was appointed County Treaourer and elected to
that otiice three successive terms, during the
third term being appointed by Covernor Mt>ody

to fill the otiice of County Judge. During his
official career his integrity and judgiiicnt have
met with the hearty approval of his constituents
and the jiublic at large. As an organizer he has
been of considerable service to the IJciiulilican
party, although he did not do it with any |ier-
soral object in view. lie is still active in
|)oliti('al matters, as well as progressive in tlu'
advancement of the city and county. He owns
some 200 acres of land near Warren station,
eighty acres of which were under a good stitte
of cultivation, being devoted to farming and
fruit-growing, aliout fifteen acres being in a
young orchard of l.OOO Hartlett pears, apjiles,
cherries and a general variety of fruit trees.

His family consists of a wife and four children
living. He was joined in marriage in Canada,
in 18l!S, with ^[iss Annie Muckle, a nativi^ of
Canada, and their chiMren are named as fol-
lows; Walter It., Alice Iv, .lames C, Kmily M.
nnd Fredci'iek ('., who died in 1878. Our snliject
is 9 num of thorough business habits and execu-
tive ability, and is a courteous and genial gentle-
man, who has gained the respect and t^steem of
a large circit! of friends.

SOX. THEODEIS CAMKItON is an Ore-
W\ gon pioneer of l>i02, one of tiie rcputat)le
farmers, merchants and statesmen of .lack-
son county. Mr. Cameron is the descendant of
Scotch ancestors, and was born in I'etersboro, New
York. June 1,1829. His pai'ents were .lames
and Emeline (Ken<lall) Camei'on, both mitlvesof
the Iin)|)ire State. The Kendalls trace bH<"k to
Enu'iiBli ancestors, and were airioiiir the early
settlers of New York. The family consisted of
eight children, the subject being tiie eldest. He
remained at home until ten years of age, going
to school and working on the farm, when the
family removed to Van Ituren county, Iowa.
In 1H51 he engaged in farming one year on his
own account. The next year he left home,
cro8se<l the plains with an ox team to the
Wilamette valley, and in the fall of the same
.year located in Jackson county. He followed
mining for the first year and has been interested
in that jiursuitto some extent ever since. Ho
took up a (lunation claim at what is now known
as I'lagle Point, and farmed there four years.
He tlien sold out and eMga;;ed in the bakery
business at Sterling. He also carried on fitriii-

J: J
!

'■^H>

Kaf

1010

HISTORY OF OliBaOK.

injr on Apj)legate creek for two years, subse-
iinently enjj;agitig in tlie inerclian(ii(*o business
at Uniontouii for thirty years. He gave tlie
town its name and was i'ostniaster tliere for
iit'tccn years. Jle lias always been a stancii an<l
wteaiifast ivepiiliiican, and was elected to tlie
Htate .Veseniiiiy in ll-i85 for two years, and to tlie
Senate, in 18!t(), for four years. He is a man ot
retiring disposition, and one who has 'lever
souolit otlice. Whatever position he has ever
held lias never iieen sought by hitn. His prop-
erty at Uniontown consists nf uOO acres, about
100 of wliicii is devoted to<!;cncral fariniii '. He
ownsniininir property in Josephine county, and
is associated with his brother, Zaehary, and
(ieori^fe Simmons, in th(> Waldo Placer mines, of
Josephine county, whicli are su])posed to be the
most valuaide placer mining property in the
State.

He was married March ii. 189^!, loan estim-
able lady of rctinenicnt and culture, named Mrs.
Mary Krouse. nee Uilgcr. She is of (German
extraction, Ixirn in Canada and reared in New
\ oyV State. Mrs. Oameron has an interesting
family of three children by a former mai-riage,
namely; Klla .\.. Frank O. and Margai'etK. A.

Mr. Cameron belongs to the A. F. & A. ^I.,
bine liidge and chapter.

fHAUI.KS F. F.FEliF, the able and cfHcient
Colonel of the First Regiment Oregon
National (iuards, is a native of New York
city, and was horn in 1849. His ancestors
were among tlie I'nritan settlers of Mystic, (,'on-
iiecticut, and followed seafaring lives and ship-
building interests. tJliarlcs E. IJeebe, the father
of our subject, reninMHl to New York city about
18K), and with a brother established the firm of
Heebe it lirother, engaging in a gcuiernl tea
brokerage and importing business, jmuI he was
mariied to a dauirhter of Elias Wade. <]r., co-
partner in the prominent shipping house of
(iriiinell, Minturn iV' Company.

Chailes F. I!e(>be was cilucated at the I''lush-
ing Institute, at Flushing, Long Island, where
be graduated in 18(57, and then entered his
lather's otlice, and subsequently becaii'e a pa;t-
ner in the business, which he continued n.i i!
1881, wheti he withdrew and engaged in !lie
cotton brokerage business until his de[)a'. ture
for Portland, Oregon, in 1883. In January,

188-t, thd copartnership of Sutton & lieebe
was estr.blisbed as Pacific coast agents for Sut-
tonV Dispatch l^ine of Clipper Ships, running
between New York, Philadelphia and the Pa-
cific coast, with offices at San Francisco and I'ort-
land. Tills line of ships was established during
tht! California gold excitement of 184!!, and as
public carriers have fulfilled a faithful and suc-
cessful service, and ai,'' still dispatching ships
from New York ai'd Ptiiladelphia to the ports
of San Frar.ii- ' flu ■ •' 'rland as often as busi-
ness demands V:;. ■;■ '■ looks after the San
Francisco at-ei ..wl.de Air. Bcebe resides at
Portland, when tlie lirtJi are also engaged in
ship-chandlery, and aie the representative
wholesale and retail houses of the Morthwest.

The military education of (Colonel Hccbe be-
gan in February. 1871, wiili his enlistment in
ConipanyH, Seventh Uegiment National Guards,
State of New York, with Colonel Eminans Clark
and Captain George W. Smith in corninand.
For seven and one-half years Mr. Heebe devoted
iniicli time to study and drill, anil was lionor-
ably discharged in August, 1878. He was then
appointed U|)on the stalt'of General J. M. Varian,
of the Third Prigade, as Aid deCamp, with rank
of Lieutenant, and he was regular!' promoted to
rank of (Japtain, wliicb position h licld at the
date of (ieneral X'arian's death. litV'jrel Louis
Fitzgerald was then appointed b ilie Cirovernor to
fill the vacancy, and Captaip L ■■eb-'v.v, i tained
upon his staff and promou i>j '•rip- 'le Inspec-
tor of Uifle Practice, with rimlv i ! /d-jji, which
office iie resigned in 1882. Ih was then
appointed Assistant in t)-- I/epartn.. nf > Uifle
Practice of the State and only resigned to come
to Oregon. I'rior to lS8li the military organ-
ization of Oregon was in accord with the old
State " Malishy." and was crude and iiii|ierf'ect.
Company (i, which was organized in 188;}, was
the only company that could lay any claim to a
high standanl of drill and excellence. With tlie
tbreateiieil Chinese troubles 'if 1880, the citizens
liecauu' aroused, and Coi; uiea 1 and K were
organized, Mr. I'eebe be / ,v^ .ij'iiinted additional
Second Lieutenant of Con- j ■! , I', .Vtasubse-
ipieiit meeting in April i;> ■ .is clectijd First
Lieutenant, an(i in July of th'- 6.ime year he was
tnade C;iptain. At the session of Legislature in
.' u.'U. iyS7, a proper military law was passed
and a ax levied for the support of the service.
This I • i:. rcased the intci'est that the Fi'st llegi-
meiit was organized and at the meeting of ofH-
ccrs in July. 1887. Captain Peebe was elected

iirsToitr OF niiMOON.

imi

ibe
it-

Colonel of the regiment for a term of four years,
and was re-elocted in July, 1891. The'reiri-
nient ii^ now composed of nine eompanies, A, (J,
E, G, II, I, and K, locatecl at Portland, with
Company F, at Oregon City and Company IJ, at
McMinnville. Multnomah county has "built a
handsome armory at Portland at an expense of
|ilO,00(), covering an entire block, 200 feet
square, built of stone and brick, and it is the
finest and most complete armory of the North-
west. The regiment lias already gained promi-
nence for its excellency of drill, discipline and
management. Great credit is accorded to Colo-
nel lieebe, the comiriandant, who, as an execu-
tive officer, disciplinarian and drill instructor
has 110 superior in the National Guards of the
United States. Chiefly from him has come the
impulse and influence that have raised the regi-
ment to its present high standard of excolliMice
and efficiency.

I|BIIAM S. CRIDEIl, one of the repre-
' sentative citizens of Dallas, J'olk county,
~r Oregon, cast his lot in this town at an
early day, and has done his part toward advanc-
ing its growth and best interests. Of his life
we present the following brief sketch:

Abram S. Crider was born in ('arlisle, Penn-
sylvania, June 19, 1825. Grandfather Crider,
a native of (iermany, and a soldier under Na-
poleon Bonaparte, !ame to America and settled
in Pennsylvania, lie lived to be 104 years of
age. His son, Jacob Crider, father of Abram
S., was a native of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and
was a ])articipant in the war of 1S12. The
mother of our subject, nee Mary Vance, was
also a native of Pennsylvania. Jacob Crider
and his wife and four sons and three daughters,
Abram being next to the youngest in the family,
and he and his brother, a resident of Indiaiui,
beitig the only survivors.

Mr. (!rider was reared iti his native town. lie
was eleven years old when his father died. At
the age of sixteen he entered upoti a five years'
apprenti('C8lii|i to the shoemakers' trade, with the
undorstiinditig that he was to have three months'
schooling the first year and the same amount tlii'
last. His employer, however, advised him to
wait and take it all the last year. When the
fifth year came he found that the man he
worked for did not intend to fulfill his cotitract

about the schooling, so he left Carlisle and
Went to Lewiston, working at his trade there and
at other places. In 184() we find him in Ohio.
Tliis was during the campaign of "Tippecanoe
and Tyler, toe " From then^ he went to l.>r.v-
renceburg, Indiana, where he worked at his trade
until 1851. He continued thus cmitloycd at
various places, a jK)rtion of the time having a
shop of his own. until 1858, tlii« year of his
marriage, wiieii he purchased a farm of sixty-
five acres in Jefferson county, Indiana, and was
engaged in farming there until 18(55.

In 18t)r), with his wife and two children,
Jacob II. and Henry Lee, and his father-in-law
and family, Mr. Crider came to Oregon, making
the journey by way of the Isthmus of Pa-
nama, and landing at Portland. Tiiey came
direct to Dallas, then a small town, having only
two stores and a mill. Mr. (!ridcr at once in-
vested in property here. He l)ought a five-acre
tract in the town, which he still owns. He also
l)onght a house and lot on the corner of Main
and ( )ak street, where he opened a shoe shop
and conducted the same until 1871). From that
time until 1884: he was engaged in the merchan-
dise business. In 1884 he turned the store
over to his son, and has since been retired from
active business. He still retains the j)roperty
whi<'li he has from time to time purchased. He
and his'son built the block on Main street, bti-
tween Mill and Church streets, a two-story
buihling, 38x80 feet.

Mr. Crider was married October 28, 1858, to
Miss Mary E. Sears, a native of iCentucky.
They have' three chililren. Tiie two already re-
ferred to, who came to Oregon with their par-
ents, now have farms two miles east of Dallas.
The youngest, David ('., is a native of Oregon.

tARRY' i:. CROSS, State Senator from
Clackamas county, and a prominent law-
yer of Oregon City, is ii native son of the
city, born June ti, 185('). His father, Lorenzo
Dow Cross, was born in ()hioin 18li2. They
are of Scotch and Hnglish ancestry and came to
the United States jirevious to the Revolution,
Senator Cross' father married Miss Dorcas Fair-
mont, of Illinois. Tiiey crosseil the plains in
1852, anil like otlmrs who crosseil the plains
they liad iiut a few dollars when they arrived in
Oregon, and so they took up a donation claim

:»■

lots

niHTORY OF OREGON.

in Cliickatmis coniitVi eight iiiilns from tlio
Saiuly river. Here tlicy ln'^an in a stiiall house
and lived here, niakiiiir iniproveincnts until
\W)2, and then moved to Oreifon (Jity, where
Mr. CrosB enjrufriMl in ('(nitruetino; and Imilding.
'I'he<' had ten children, nil lint the eldeBt born
)i, T, ■ u" Nine sons have been raised in Ore-
goii arkahle circMimstance. The writer

has t le pictnre of them taken together,

and the_^ ,.miii a group of representative nu'ii of
Oregon. Their father was a rejrularly ordained
minister of the Methodist Protestant Church,
and preached the gospel in many places all over
the State. Me died on his fiftieth birthday.
Ilia wife is still living, in her fifty-ninth year.

Mr. Cross was sent to the public schools of
Oregon City and to the Oreg' .. City Seminary,
lie read law with the law firm of Johnson &
AIc(iowan,of Oregon City, and was admitted to
the bar January, 187!', and began his practice
in the city in which he was raised and educated.
J5y prompt attention he has ac(juired a lucrative
practice. lie was Deputy County Treasurer
one year, and was elected again to that ofKco in
1878, and served four years. In 1890 he wa.s
tdectedto the State Senate, representing Clack-
amas and Clarion counties.

Mr. Cross was married, in 1879, to Miss
Orpha F. Tingle, of Michigan, and the daughter
of Nathan and Julia .1. Tingle. Mr. and Mrs.
Cross havt' live children, born at their home in
Oregon (!ity. Their names are: Percy A., Dollie,
Mable, Dai.sy and Gulutta (ieorgiana. Mr. Cross
is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church.
He lielped organize a board of trade of the
city, and was its secretary for four years. He was
then pronu)ted to be the president of the l)oard.
lie is intelligent, talented, wide-awake and full
of push, and is a very creditable illnstration of
the kind of business men Oregon has |iroduced.
He is interested in all the subjects which affect
the welfare of Oregon City, Clackamas co\inty
and (Jregon State. He is alivi> and ready to
lielp and prouiota all enterprises calculated to
a(h ance the ])ros|)crity of the city. There are
from fifteen to twenty such men in Oregon City,
and thejji'eat jrrowth of the city is duo to their
efforts.

?iTr. ("ross' fine residence sta!ids on the spot
that he jiicked out when a boy, as a desirable
building lot, resolving at the time that he would
have a home thereat some future time. Here-
sides hei'c witli his faniily. The judgment of

the boy was good, as it is a fine place and does
credit to his taste. He always carries out what-
ever he |)lans. Ho is a good worker and has the
good will and confidence of the city of Oregon,
and of tile large accjuaintance he has over the
State.

fOLOMON KIMSEV CIIOWLEY, of Mon-
mouth, Polk county, is one of Oregon's
pioneers of 1852. He was born in north-
west Missouri, Ray county, November 1, 1833.
He is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, who came to
Ainerica previous to the Kevolntion, and were
partici])ants in the whole of the struggle for in-
dependence. His father, John Crowley, was bora
in the State of Tennessee on Septendjer 27, 1810.
He irnrried Miss Nancy Jane Curtis, a native
of Missouri, and a daughter of Elijah Curtis,
whose peoj)le were early settlers of Tennessee.
They had three children, of whom Mr. Crowley
was the eldest, and he and a sister are the oidy
living ones. Our subject resided in Missouri
until his nineteenth year, and in 1852 crossed
the plains to Oregon. His father followed in
1804, and died in Polk county, August 31,
1880; Mr. Crowley's mother had died when he
was a child. He had read (,'lark's History of
the North Pacific coast, in 1848, and later he
got a chance to drive a team for a family, but
his father refused to permit him to go. Ho
said: "When I am of age I will go," and then
his father consented. He then came and
worked his way, but had his own mule. On
the journey they had many narrow escapes,
but finally reached their destination. At
Ash Hollow there were many cases of small-
]iox and cholera, and the deaths were so fre-
quent that the way was blocked with emi-
grant trains burying the dead, and if our subjoct
could have beeti frightened he would have
turned back. It was an appalling time; he saw
strong men who had lost all their families, stand
and wi'ing their hands in agony, but he came
through safely. They crossed the Missouri
river on the 10th of May, and arrived at the
Dalles on the KJthof August. They had stopped
nine days at one place with a sick child, and
they rested every Sunday; not for religious
reasons, but because tlu^ believed it l)est for
them. While at Snake river the cholera iiroke
out in a little company of ten wagons, and there

nisTonv Oh' oiih'ao'v

1013

were three deaths in some live hours. Tliii wliole
camp was panic-stricken. Mr. Crowley never
missed a meal of victuals on the whoh' journey,
and lie was the only one of tlu^ company but
what was sick, more or less, with nionntain fever,
or Bomethiiiir else. They came down the Colum-
bia river in a lari/e canoe, and arrived at I'ort-
land on August 19. lie came up the Willamette
in a boat, and stopped with his uncle, lienjamin
Mnnkrea, two and one-half miles east of Salem,
and a few days later he came on to I'olk county,
to Bee the wife of his great uncle, Mrs. James
M. Fnlkerson. On the way he fell in with a
man who was engaged in packing to the mines,
and Air. Crowley engaged to pack with him to
California. They went in this way, with pack
animals, to Siskiyou county, California, and he
packed and mined until 1855. He did not make
money very fast, but came from there with about
$1,0U0. In 1865 he retired to the Willamette val-
ley, and was married on .Inly 25 to Miss Hannah
Rebecca Fulkerson, the daughter of James M.
Fnlkerson, who had come to Oregon in 1847.
After the marriage they settled in the foothills
near Dallas, on a transferred claim of 320 acres
of land. He resided on it a year, got a title,
and sold it in timber lots, and came near to
Pleasant Hill; purchased 160 acres, built on it,
and resided there until 18~(), purchasing in
this lime 840 acres adjoining. He then went
with iiis family to the Sandwich islands, on an
excursion. After his return he purchased the
Goodwin place of 170 acres, near Oak (irove,
and there he resided until 1890, when he |)ur-
chased a home in Monmouth, where lie now re-
siiles. He still owns his ( )ak (ttovc and Pleas-
ant Hill ])roperty. He and his good wife have
had nine children, and have raised them all,
and all are yet living. They are as follows;
Mary V., is IMrs. W. Faulk, and they reside at
Oak Grove; J. M. is f. prominent physician of
Monmouth; J. F. resides in Seattle; iSaiicy
Jane is the wife of Milton Taylor, and resides
near Crowley Station; S. II. resides near Dixey
Manson, near Crowley Station; Ada P>., Ktfa !,.
and Ora P. are at home. Mr. and Mrs. Crowley
gave to each oiu^ of their nine children, ninety-
one acres. Crowley Station was named for them.
Mr. Crowley has never forgotten his eaily min-
ing days, and still spends some time pros[)ecting
in California. He is in politics a Democrat, but
is very independent in bis ideas. He and his
wife are members of the liaptist Cbiirch, '("d he
has been a Deacon for many years. He is a

tboronglily lU'liaiile man, and is very highly es-
teemed. His career, iiiiirked as it lias been by
many of the characteristic events of the pioneer
west, and by his integrityand enterjnise, will
leave a C(mspicuous and lasting impression upon
the coninumity.

fiLIIir n. COLLARL), who resides on a
L farm near LaFajefte, is ranked with the
A worthy pioneers of 1847.
Mr. Collard was born in Illinois March 2ii,
1838. The Collards are of iMiglisli ancestry,
and were among the early settlers of ibis coun-
try. Pelix A. (;ollar(l,' his father, was born
in Kentucky in 1810, and his mother, whose
maiden name was Dameris l>ewis. was a native
of Missouri, and was of German and Irish an-
cestry. They were the jiarents of nine children,
six of whom are now living. In the Kiist the
father was a farmer, merchant and bla<'ksniith.
He started with his family in 1847 across the
plains for the far West, and while on this
journey, and before tliey had lelt Mi-isonri, one
of the children died. After six months of te-
dious travel, they arrived at Oswe<fo. They
found shelter in a little cabin on tlureast side
of the river, where they remained until spring.
Then they removed into Oregon City and Mr.
Collard r>])ened one of the first blacksmith shops
in the town. Five years later ho took up a
section of land near Oswego, and on this place
resided seven years, moving from it to Oregoi;
(Jity, where he died in 181)5. Ho held several
important oflicial positions, and was |)roiiiineiitlv
identitied with the early liistoiy of the State.
He was a member of the Paptist Chnrcli. and
in ])()litics was a Democrat. His wife, a most
amiable woman, higlily esteemed by all who
knew her, survived him live years.

Eliliu n. Collard was educated at Oswego
anil Oregon (!ity, and learneil the trade of car-
penter. In 1S(')3 be went to the mines in
Idaho. At one time ho and his partner. W.
W. I'ullock. took out forty-four and a fourth
ounces of gold from a pocket in one day. After
accumulating a nice sum of money he invented
in mines and lost it all. R<>turiiiiig to Oicgon
City he worked in a gristmill ti\c years. l''rom

10U

UISTOIiY OF OliKnON.

1874 to 1882 he was in Imsinuiss at Dayton,
tlion \w was eloctud 81iurilf of Yam Hill
county, and at tlm expiration of his term was
ri'-('lui!t(Mt to the Kanie position, serving in all
f'oui- years. Retii'ing from office he purchased
a farm of ninety acres, located two miles east of
La Kayette, anil here he has since resided. IJe
hnilt his attractive home soon after he l)onu;ht
this property. Jle has since made other im-
lirovements, and now has one of the finest farms
in this \icinity. In addition to his farming
operations, he is also engaged in contracting
and Imilding.

.Mr. Collard was married in 1806 to Miss
Isaplienea Waldron, a native of Pennsylvania,
and the daughter of ISamuel Waldron. They
have ten children, all natives of Oregon,
namely: Krank A., who resides in Oregon
(Mty; Agnes A., wife of W. II. Savage, of
Oregon City; and Lyman. Linn, Ella, Maud,
May, Samuel, Cleveland, Harry, and (4ertrn(le,
all at home and either graduates of or students
at the ' I Fayette school.

Mr. Collard affiliates with the Democratic
party. lie is a Past Master Mason, and is Past
(trand of the I. O. O. F. JJotli he and his wife
are memhers of the Methodist Church, and for
years were pillars of the church at Dayton.

[DWAUD CONSTABLE, an honest pio-
neer of Oregon who came to the Territory
ill lsf3 and now resides in Hillsborough,
Washington county, was born in Washington
county, Kentucky, on June 15, 1816. His
father, Robert Constable, was also from Ken-
tucky and married ]'",lizabeth French, of Mary-
land, of JMiglish extraction. They had nine
children and raised seven.

Our subject, their fourth child, was raised on
a farm in Jackson county, Missouri, and mar-
ried there in Deccjnber, 1835, to Harzilla Arthur,
of Kentucky, and the daughter of William
Arthur, of Kentucky. She was fifteen and he
was nineteen years of age, and they have lived
tdjrcther for the past tifty-sevcu years and have
been very happy, and it is most entertaining to
hear them recount the trials they endured in
crossing in lS-13 and in making Oregon the
State of their adoption. When they crossed
the plains Dr. Whitman was their s^uide, and,in
accoi'dance with his advice, they crossed the
lilue mountains, and they were the tirst train

that came by tluit route. As it was an entirely
new way they were tilled with anxiety for fear
of now dangers. The trains that came after
knew that a train had gone through and felt
that " what man has done, man can do'' ! Mr.
Jesse Applegate was the captain of the com-
pany. The journey was in some sense a pleas-
ant one; part of the way they were guided by
an Indian. At another place they made boats
of the wagon boxes and crossed several streams.
In fact, tney had all the exciting experiences of
early pioneer life. They walked all the way
from Dallas to Oregon City, and camped out in
the rain and wet every night.

The principal settlement was at Oregon
City and consisted of a few houses. Portland
had not been thought of, as yet, and Mr. Consta-
ble had the choice of the country-, and could as
well have taken it at Portland as anywhere
else, but he was looking for a good farm, so he
came to Washington county and selected a
beautiful tract, 6217 acres, five miles northeast
of what is now Hillsborough. Here he built his
little cabin. His worldly effects amounted to
330 cash, three yoke of oxen, a horse and a
cow. They also had the few things that they
had brought with them across the plains.
There were a good many Indians in the country
and a few F'reiich and English traders who had
married Indian wives. Mr. (,'onstable obtained
some scraps of harness leather from the Hud-
son's Bay Company at Oregon City, out of
which he made him a pair of slioes. His wife
wore moccasins and they lived the first year on
wheat and potatoes. He had so much work to
do on the farm that lie had but little time for
hunting, and they had little other meat. After
two years' residence in the country Mr. Con-
stable's brother, who was a single man, and who
had come out with them, was taken sick and died,
and the hearts of the jiioneers sank within
them. They suffered from homesickness, and
coulil they have gotten away would have bid-
den the West adieu. They were not able to
leave, and had to live it out. Among the things
they brought with them were a little flax-
wheel and twenty-five pounds of wool, with
which she made yarn and knit stockings and
sold them to obtain the money for other needed
things. Pea coflFee served them for drink. In
1849 the gold excitement took Mr. ( 'onstable
to California, where he mined a short time with
success, but the thought of his young wife in
the wilds 1' Oregon brought hinj back, audit

HISTOnr OF OREGON.

1015

was a pleasing surprise to her tn see liini. Mr.
Constable tiien settled down to industrious
efforts on his farm, and in 18o'2 built a good
house, which is still on the place lu' farmed suc-
cessfully from 1844 to 1887. He then retired
from it to a pleasant home which he bought
and owns in llillsborough. Their children are
all settled in lite, and the worthy pioneers re-
side alone, as they did when they began til'ty-
seven years ago. They are both in the enjoy-
ment of good health, and ure esteemed by all
who know them.

Their union has been blessed with ten chil-
dren: Mnhala, the eldest, married Joseph
llaynes; William died in his third year; Eliza-
beth is the wife of John Sliute; Amanda Jane
is the wife of Van Sherman; Kichani's history
is in this book; Martha is the wife of Samuel
Storms; Mary married Aaron Malon; Orucilla
is the wife of Hammond Maclain; Minerva
iij.'rried Charles Bunch, and he lost his life in a
powder-mill explosion; Melcssa died when a
year and a half old. Two of the children own
homes on each side of the farm owned by Mr.
Constable, which is now worth $75 per acre.
It is by the industry of these two that they now
enjoy plenty.

fAMES L. COWAX, banker, several times
Mayor of Albany, and one of the ablest
financiers of the State, was born in Lexing-
ton, Missouri, in 184;J. His parents, Andrew
and Nancy (Hayes) Cowan, were natives of Ken-
tucky, from which State they emigrated in 18~'8
to Missouri, which latter place was then a new
country and but little developed. Here his
father engaged in farming and the stock busi-
ness, in which he continued very successfully
until the spring of 1832, whi-n he converted his
property into money, and turned his face west-
ward, toward the Star of ETiipire. He and his
brother-in-law, Gilmore Hayes, formed a co-
partnership, leaving Missouri with eight wagons,
some ilrawn by horses and 8on)e by oxen, and
with their families started on their long jo>ir-
ney overland. Mrs. Hayes and two children
died upon the plains, stricken with cholera,
which was epidemic that season. The train then
separated, and Mr. Cowan and his family made
all speed with the horse teams, traveling night
and day, thus escaping this dread disease.

.\rrivingat the Dalles, he engaged in the pur-
chase of emigrant cattle, which was continued
by Mr. Hayes after his arrival, when Mr. Cowan
and family proceeded to I'ortland, traveling
upon a batteau to the Cascades, and after making
the portage proceeding upon a small river
steamer. The wititer of 185'2-'r)3 was so severe
in the vicinity east of the mountains that the
stock enterprise of Cowan & Hayes jiroved a
failure, losing in the venture 400 head of cattle.
Mr. ('owan passed the lirst winter in Portland,
removing in the spring of 185;i to Olympia, and
in the following August removed to Linn county,
locating upon 820 acres, situated seven miles
southeast of .Mbaiiy Here he engaged in farm-
ing, 8ubsc(|uently i.> oming a dealer in sfoi'k,
driving cattle froi'i the Willamette valley to
the minea in Idaho. This business he followed
until abo\it 18(i0, when he settled on his farm
until the dea;h of his wife, in 1880, since when
he has resided with his son, James.

Our subject was educated atSantiam .Vcadeiny
and Willamette University, and in 1801 went
East to attend the Wesleyan I'nivereity, at Dela-
ware, Ohio; but. owing to the friction caused
by the war, and the unsettled condition of the
country, he returned to Oregon in 1802. He
soon after engaged in trading among the* Idaho
mines, purchasing supplies at Portland, which
were shipped to Umatilla, ami from there were
packed to Poise City, Idaho. He continued in
this business for three years, then engaging in
the general mercantile business at Lebanon, con-
tinuing ill that pursuit until 1880. He then
sold out and established the Hank of Lebanon,
a private banking institution, which he con-
ducted as sole proprietor. In 1885 he came to
Albany, where he formed a co-partnership with
J. W. Cusick in the private banking establish-
ment of Cowan & Cusick. This partnership
was continued until 1888, when Mr. Cusick
withdrew, and the firm was changed to Cowan,
Ualston & Chamberlain. It continued as such
until 181)0. when the interests were merged
into the Linn Coimty National Hank, with a
capital stock of iJlOO.ilOO, Mr. Cowan still re-
taining the position of jiresidcnt and manager.
The bank purchascil the one-story brick biiihl-
ing, 25 X 100 feet, on First street, to which they
added a second story, ami retitted the entire first
tloor for lianking purposes, making a spacious
and Convenient iiusiness house.

.Mr. Cowan was married in Coi\allis, in 1800,
to Miss S. E. Hamilton, daughter of W \\..

JOKl

UISTOHr OF ORHQON.

■

Ilmiiiltoii. a Californiii pionoer, wlio ctiiiie to
Ori'iTDii ill IS(II). Tliuv have one cliilil, a .son,
William Hamilton.

Notwitlistanilini: liis many private iiitei'Chts,
Mr. Cowiiii HiHJs time to serve tiie public in-
odii'ial cnjiacitit'S as wi-ll, liaviiit^ ecrvuci credit-
alily for ono term as Conntv t'lerk. to wliicli
office he was clucted in 187S. iSiiicc then he
has served a couple of terms as Mayor of the
ci'y of Lebanon, and was elected liy the people
of Alliiiny, reirardless of jiiirty, to the chief
magiBtracy of their city, which oHice he held for
a period of three terms. He has numerous pri-
vate interests, amon^ w)iich are the Albany
Mlninif Company, of which he is president, be-
sides which he still continues his banking inter-
ests in Lebanon. Ho fraternizes socially with
the Kni>i;ht8 Templar and the Alcalda Shrine,
F. & \. M. He Would serve as a typical Ore-
{i;onian wei-e the rest of her inhabitants sud-
denly to disappear, for in him we have all those
traits of <'haracter which have conspired to build
up this ghrious commonwealth, and have made
hoi' a star of the first magnitude in our brilliant
constellation of States.

fU. COOPEfi. a business man of Inde-
pendence, and a pioneer of 1852, was born
9 \(,'veinber 5, 18iJ0, in Sangamon county,
Hlinois. His father, L. L. Cooper, was born in
Kentucky, in lYUC), and was married to Mary
Lindsay in 1823. His wife was liorn in Ken-
tucky, in 1807.

John Ii. Cooper, the subject of this sketch,
came to Oregon in 18o2, and settled in Cooper
Hollow, which place takes its name from liis
family. Mr. Cooper did not enjoy many ad-
vantages in im educational line, as almost all of
his schooling was received in a small log house
in Missouri; but, notwithstanding his limited
education, he stiiiids to-day on a par with all tlie
leading men in the coininnnity. His large
brickyard has furnished material for nearly all
the business houses in Independence, liis is
the only successful one in the county, and he
lias lieeii the owner of it for some time. In
addition to his brick-yard and a large hop-yard,
Mr. ('Ooper is engaged in various business enter-
prises in Independence. He was one of those
urave citizens who engaged in the Rogue river
war of 1855-'50, under Colonel Kelsay and
Major IJrnce.

Mr. Cooper was married April 3, 1804, to
Miss Larina Williams, daughter of Leonard
Williams, who caine to Oregon in IS-l'.l, and
was the first business man engaged in the mer-
cantile business in Independence. Mrs. Cooper
was born Alarch 29, 1819. Mr. and Mrs.
Cooper have liml six children born to them,
namely; Uoselia M., who married Oscar Dick-
son; doliii A.; Lillian, who recently married
Dr. Frank B. Faton, an eminent physician of
Portland; I'earle, Clyde. Early and Myrtle. All
of these are living e.\ce|)t Early.

Mr. Cooper is a descendant of Scotch and
French ancestors, and he is a credit to them,
being one of the most enterprising of the busi-
ness men of the little city of Independence.
Mr. Coo|)er has as promising a future as any
man in the county of Polk.

iENZO .JAMES MORSE, one of i'ort-
laiid's successful business men, is a na-
tive of Adams. Jefferson county. New
York, born Ajuil 1, 1847. His father, James
Morse, was born in Massachusetts, and the ances-
try of the family came from England to the
colony prior to the Revolution. They were
Congregationalists, and were engage<l in busi-
ness. They were men of worth and the highest
reliability. Mr. .lames Morse married Miss
Curtis, and they had five children, of whom
four are living. W^hen Menzo was seven years
olil they removed to Illinois, where lie was raised
until he was fourteen; when the civil war broke
out, and .is soon as he was old enough to be re-
ceived, he enlisted in the fall of 18(53, when he
was in his seventeenth year, in Company A,
Si.xty-fonrth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He
served to the close of the war, and participated
in twenty-one engagements, an<l was with Sher-
man in the battles that led to the cajitnre of
Atlanta, and in the march to the sea. He par-
ticipated in the grand review at Washington,
and was mustered out on the 24th of July,
186."). and came home unhurt, aside from
a Hesh wound, received from a piece of shell on
the 22d of July, the day on wdiich General
McPherson fell. Menzo retii'cd to Illinois
and learned the trade of candy- maker and fol-
lowed that business until 1878, when he came
to Oakland, California, and engaged in the
manufacture of jiicture frames. He continued
this for four years, and then sold out and came

HISTORY OF OliEOON.

1017

to I'ortlaiul, Ori'ffon, and i'nn;ivo;e(l in liis iiresent
linsincss with iiig bi'Dtlier Cimrles ('. Tliey
were partMci'8 for six years, and then Mr. Morsi^
lioni^ht ont his brother and coiitinned if iiinieult'.
The business was located on tht' corner of Second

and streets, but is now located in the

Abinirfon luiihiinfr, l(i8 Tiiird street. Mr.
Morse is now the soU' owner of the Orej^on Pict-
ure Frame Company, and is dealing larijely in
iiioldinir, mirrors, frames, pictures, engravinjfs,
etciiinifs, etc., and he is enjoying a hirije and
lucrative l)usiiie8s that he has liuilt up by the
honorable and liberal metlujds, with which he
conducts all his atJairs.

lie was married, in 1870, to i[iss Amelia E.
Ilniiter, of I'ufl'alo, New York, and they liave
two children, a son and a daui.;litfr, Ray 8., born
in Illinois, assistinir his father in the business,
and Eva L., born in ( )akland, Califoiiiiu. She
is at home with her parents. Mr. Morse is a
Conwregatiunalist, a life-long Uepublican and a
member of the (r. A. It. lie is Past Com-
mander of the Governor Wright Post, and he
represented his jiost at the National Encamp-
ment, held at Portland, Maine, lie is a capable
business man, and is hiixhiy esteemed by all who
know liim.

ILIAM S. MOUKIS, a well-to-do farmer,
an Oregon j)ioneer of 1851, and forty-one
years a resident of Korth Yam Hill, is
justly entitled to one of the jilaces of honor in
the history of the State, in which he has borne
an humble part in upbuilding.

Mr. Morris was born in Pennsylvania, No-
vember 15, 1811. llis ancestors originated in
Denmark. His parents, William and Priscilla
(Springer) Morris, natives of Pennsylvania,
reared a family of ten children, oidy two of
whom are now living; P]liam S. and Martin
Luther. The subject of our sketch was the
eldest son. He grew up on his father's farm,
was early inured to hard work, and his limited
education was receivi'd in the district schools.

In 1840 Mr. Morris was married to Miss
Susannah (rood, wlio was born in Missouri and
reared in Wisconsin. Her father, Kichiird
(iood, still a resident of Missouri, is now in his
ninetieth year. In the sjiring of 1851, with
their five ciiildnm, they started on the long jour-
ney across the plains for (Jregon, their wagons

being drawn by o.\en. Tlu' pli'i,sure of this
trip was unmnrred by sickiicss, and on the 2oth
of Septcinl)er, 1851, after a most clelightful
journey, they arrived at North Yam Hill,
within a mile of whei'e they now reside. Irom
Charles Hubbard Mr. Morris purchased a dona-
tioii claim, p.iying for it ^500. A log house
hud been built on it, and ti\e acres were clearetl,
tlie whole ti'act comjirising 318 acres. Here
they liav(> since resided, engaged in general
farming and sto(!k-raising.

Mr, and Mrs. Morris are the parents of the
following named children: Sarah P., widow of
Andrew .1. Turner; John Calvin, who is married
and resides on a farm near his father; Harriet,
wife of Fred Chatfield,died at the age of twenty-
si.\ years, leaving three children; .1 iistin (i., who
is married and settled near the old homestead;
Charles E., who is married. li\e> in (iohlendale,
Washington; Martin Luther, who is married
and settled on a farm; Joan M., wife of ('ass
Tuplett, a farmer; Jordan D. is married and en-
gaged in farming; and William Richard, Morris
(lood and Elizabeth Malvina, nil single and at
home.

Mr. Morris has iieen n life long Republican.
He has never joined anv s(jcicty. and has never
held any otHce except in his school district. He
and his good wife are now spending the evening
of their useful and active lives in the home
which their industry has provided, and under the
shadow of the vines and trees that have grown
up since they settled here. These trees stretch
their friendly branches over his head and seem
to say; '■ Rest, rest, old pioneer, under our
j)rotecting branches. We are old friends, tried
and true." •

|-§^«=|{,^-4h3...-MC4

(LSIA WRIGHT, one of the most enter-
j)i'ising and successful business men of
MeMinnville, was born in Illinois. April
9, 185L His father, W. 1). Wright, was tjorn
in Kentucky, in 1817, and is of English ances-
try, lie marrieil Miss Susie Robertson, a na-
tive of his own .State, and a daughter of Mr.
Luke Robertson, a jirominent Kentuckian.
They had seven children, four of whom are liv-
ing. In 184(), they i-einoved to Illinois, where
the subject of our sketch, tlu* fourth child, was
born.

1018

n I STORY OF ORROON.

He was reared on ii farm until lie reached
manhood, and reeeived very limited educa-
tional advHiitaf^cs, attendiiijf the district Hchool
ill his vicinity.

On arriving iit his twentieth year of age. he
left home and caino to Oregon, where he em-
harked in life for himself. In 1871 he arrived
in McNfinnville without money and among
titranfrnfri. lie commenced hy working as a
farm hand, and then rented land for three
years on shares, tiimlly purchasing 217 acres of
choice agricultural land, located four miles
south of McMinnville. lie purchased the land
on time, for So.OOO, which was a considerablo
uiulertaking for a young man, hut by un-
ceasing industry, he succeeded in clearing up
the property, and highly cultivated it, not only
paying for the land, hut ahso making valuable
improvements on it. Some time after getting
fairly started in Oregon, he became the owner
of a horse-power threshing machine, which he
ran for some years, wdieii the steam thresher
was introduced, and he then purchased one of
the latter, and later a second one, with which he
has. during nil these years, done a large share
of the threshing in his county.

In 1884 he retired from the farm, which he
still however continues to own, and came to
McMinnville. where he purchased a good home
on Fifth street, where he has since resided.

In 1887 he purchased an interest in the lead-
ing harness and saddlery business in the city,
and in time he purchased the whole of the
business. This, as well as his farm and thresh-
ing, he still continues to manage, and is meet-
ing with deserved prosperity. He has made
several valuable additions to the city in the way
of erecting good buildings. lie built a good
brick block, and is one of the owners of the fine
Union Block, besides owning the large building,
in which he has bin harness business. He is a
stockholder in the fair ground and race track,
of which he is one of the directors.

In 187-1 he was happily married to Miss
Hannah Hemstock, an estimable lady, and a
native of Wisconsin. She is a daucrhter of Mr.
William Hemstock. a highly resjH'cted citizen
of this vicinity. They have two children, Am-
boy M. and William Kn:'l. The daughter is at
college, and the son is attending the ilc^Iinn-
ville High School.

Politically. Mr. Wright is a Democrat, and
for several years has served as a member of the

City Council, discharging his duties in that
capacity with ability and lioncsty. He is cliair-
man of the Committee on Streets, and is doing
all in his oower to beautify this already charm-
ing city of McMinnville. (tuided l)y such able
pilots she cannot fail to continue successfully
on her alreaily prosperous course. He is a
member in good standing of the A. O. U. W.,
in the welfare of which he takes a personal in-
terest, believing it to be a most commendable
society.

Thus, under the fostering care of his adopted
Sta e, this energetic Bv^n of modern pusli is
ma dug his way gradually, butsurely, to wealth,
already enjoying those most valuable gifts of
honor, and the esteem of his fellow-ineii.

'>'>i:i%->>f«-^S:5<^

iON. E. W. CONYKRS, the pioneer mer-
chant of Clatskanie, Columbia county,
Oregon, is a native of the State of Ken-
tucky, born December 2, 18211, and is an Ore-
gon pioneer of 1852. He was the son of Enoch
and Mary (Williams) Conyers. In a family of
eight children our subject was the sixth in
order of birth, and was reared and educated at
Quincy, Illinois, whither his parents had moved
about 18i31. The father was a native of Ken-
tucky, a prominent man in public affairs, and
during his residence in Quincy he engaged ex-
tensively in the manufacture of brick, and in
that city he was honored by an election as
Mayor, being the second incumbent in that
office. He died in 184U, his estimable wife
having died some years before.

The subject of this sketch has followed many
pursuits, beginning with a training on a farm,
lie learned telegraphing, and carried the first
instrument into the city of Hurlington, Iowa, in
the fall of 1848. Later in life he learned the
trade of bricklaying, which occupation he fol-
lowed for several years. He is a veteran of the
Mexican war, having enlisted in 1846 in the
First liegiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry,
under Captain John Hardin, and his command
served uiidi^ (ieneral Taylor, and participated
in the fainou:» battle of Biieiia Vista.

Mr. Conyi rs crossed the plains with an ox
team, by way of the old emigrant route to Ore-
gon, in 1852. and engaged actively in farming
from 1855 to 1877. He started the first store

■ I »:
\4

IIIsrOHY i)F OttKGON.

tiilll

ill tliis j)lH<'e, Hiid iilso cdiiiiimiulcd tliti tirst
steam buat 171 tlu« Cliitskunio rivur, liutweuii this
city 1111(1 till' ('oliinil)ia river, tlio veenul liciiiif a
j)ro|)eller, twtiiity-six feet loiif^ and of tiireo tons
iiurdun, cidlec' tlio Novelty. He alho engaged
in milling fo' a fow years, but sold out his in-
terest ill l88'-J. and moved to McMiiinville,
where he tanned niitil lH8',t, when he returned
to ('latskanie and again enj^aged in mercantile
liursnits. His stock consists of general iner-
clianilise, including hardware and drugs, and
[irohably is the largest aiul best selecteil stock
to be found north of I'orllaiid. The businesa
extends both north and south into adjacent coun-
tries.

Our subject also controls the weekly jour-
nal, the Clatskanie Chief, lie has been a jironi-
inent Uepublican since tlie foriniitioii of the
party, ana was formerly an old-line Whig. He
was elected State liepresentative in 18(10, and
two years later ho was re-electod. In the Ma-
sonic order ho is a valued member. His family
consists of seven living children, two others
having died while young. His marriage" took
place October 12, li^5;5, to Miss Hannah Hryant,
a native of Indiana. The names of the children
are as follows: Nancy A., wife of W. K. Tich-
enor; William K., who is associated with liir;
father in business; Milli(!cnt 8., now Mrs. Wal-
ter H. Durham; Charles L., also in business
with his father; Hannah E., Margaret A. and
Lillian reside with their father.

HCHARl) CONSTAHfiv ^ one of Ore-
gon's native sons, ai'l i; 'P gaged in the
manufacture of <ioors, easlies and blinds
in Hillsboro. He was born in Washington
county, on his father's donation claim, five miles
northwest of the city of Hillsboro on the 11th of
February, 1852. Richard, who was the fifth
child of ten children, was raised on the farm on
which he was born, and was sent to the public
schools.

When he was of age he was given a portion
of his father's donation claim, on which he imilt
and resided for for fourteen years, farming and
improving the property. He then sold and
came to Hillsboro, and purchased an interest in
the flouring mill, and later built his sash and
door mill, and he is now^ engaged in both eiiter-
prietfrt. He has a good local business, as wejl as

a coiisideralile ilemand for ids entrrnrisos in
other places. He is aUo one of the >toekhnli|-
ers and one of the orgaiii/.i^s of the HillsbiHi)
('o-oj)erativij Company, dealing largely in hard-
ware anil farm implements.

In 1878 Mr. Constable married Miss Margiiret
M. Titus, aimtive of Illinois. They have tlireo
children; .\rcliie M., (ieorge E. aiid Ethel K.
Mr. Constable's jiolitics are i)emocriitic, ami he
was nominated by his Jiarty for Assessor of the
county, running ahciid of his ticket by '200
votes. Spending his life in the county in "which
he wap born, and in which he has always resided,
has not made him one-sided. His lite has been
an industrious and honorable one, and ho has
the respect and esteem of his fellow-citi/.ens.

-^^•♦^•►>¥-

NDIIKW DAVIDSON-, deceased, was
one of the respected pioneers of Orcoii.
He came here in 184(), years before Ore-
gon was a State, and as an humble factor,
though none the less a jiotent one. did his part
in hel])ingto develop its resources, and advance
its interests.

Andrew Davidson was born in IJedford, Ten-
nessee, in 1812. The Davidsons were of Scotch-
Irish ancestry, and were early settlers of Teiines-
eee. In that State and Missouri Mr. Davidson
was reared, and in 1815 ho married the widow
of William (Jweiis, who was horn in Iiidiami in
1822, daughter of Carney (ioodricli, of New
York. Soon after their nnirriiigc they cinssed
the plains to this State. They journeyed in
safety to Fort Hall, then took the Ap'plegate
cnt-ott', and on that part of the route met with
much suffering, and came near losing their
lives. Travel was delayed, provision-^ ran short,
the Indians captured some of their stock, and
at last they were obliged to leave their wagons,
|)ack their things on the few o\en they had left,
and make their weary way on foot, carrying the
children. One of their party was killed, k'i
nally reaching Oregon, they' wintered at Day-
ton, in Yam Hill county, and in May, 1817,
came to the donation claim that now joins Halls-
ton on the east. Their first home on the new
farm was a rude one. ln<lcc(l, it was little
more than a pen made of rails, but it served as
a shelter for them, and hero .Mrs. Davidson
lived all sninmer while her husband went eiidit-
eeii miles to Dayton, to work. There were

low

nrsroHY of nnnomf.

i! n

liiiiiilrt>(lH (if ln<liiiiirt all iirutiixl iicr. Sliti never
(li'ciiivuil tlieiii, ami liy lior kiiiiltn'>i j^uineil their
fri('ii(lMlii|i. Ill time Mr. I)avi(iB()ii HiicccodiMl
ill iiii|)r<)viiiM hi., riiriii iind ereetiii};; (•Diiifortiililc
|piiii(iiiif{fi. lie ami his wife were Mi^tJKJili.tti,
liiit later jdiiiiMl tiie I'liiteil lli'etluv'ii ('iiili'uh.
Ill pulitiea lie wii^ a Democrat.

Mrn. I)a\'iilit(iii Imd two ehildreii l»y lier Hrst
inBrriuj.{e, imiiii-ly: Mary Jane and .Naney .Vim
Owens. She and Mr. l)avid8oii jiad nine chil-
dren, two of whom died in childhood. Mary
■ liiiie, who wa> married and hii<l three cliildrcii,
died when in her twenty-til'th year, her hiiHiiamI
and children also deceased; Nancy Ann, wife of
tlesse Newliili, resides in i'allBton; Sahina H.,
wife of John MeUulloch, lives on a fiirm near
her mother; Marfraret I), i.s the wife ot .lohii
Cnmpliell; Kllen J', wife of Uiiieth (Jam|)hell;
.\maiida married John Curiieliiis; Ariiiin<la,
wife of John l'hi|i|)s; Olive, wife of William
Wells; and Dollie. wife of Dudley Sailinir.

After a l)rief illne>s, Mr. DavidBoii died <if
rheiinialisiii of the heart, in 1884. His estate
was divided amoni,' the heirs, and the widow
gtill retains lier portion of the donation claim
Biid has it rented. Now at the age of seventy
years she is wcdl preserved lioth mentally and
physically. She has thirty-six grandchildren,
nnd seven jfroat-graiidcliiKlreii.

s?-'^^|»- c|S > i=^;=l -'^~

(llTill'U K. DAUT, is a native son of
California, liaviiif^ heen horn in that State,
Fehriiary -k 18.'")3, and the second child of
three children, horn to Harrison and- !,. I'". Dart,
natives of New Vork, who went to California,
ill 184U. Onr sniiject was educated in Califor-
nia, and when grown to years of inatnrity ho
followed railroadiiifi. He came to Oregon in
is82, and worked for the Oreiroii Constriietioii
Comjiany, locatinjr the road lor them. Ho then
went to I'endleton, and took charffe of J. M.
Lazi'r's hardware store. This {gentleman was
sneceed(>d hy the linn of Sterge ife Jones, for
whom Mr. I )art was niiiiiager. Lat(>r he became
a moiiiher of tiie linn known as Taylor ife Jones.
He then came to La (irande, in Octoher, 1890,
and fiij^aged in tlio hardware business with
Messrs. Young »fe Conky, and the linn is known
as Young, Dart & Conky. In 18'J1 they met
with (jnite a loss by tire, their entire stock liein^
destroyed at the time the town of La (irande

was hiirnod. The tlrm was young and full of
pu>h, BO did not allow themselves to ho discour-
aged. They rebuilt and have one of the largest
stocks in eastern (>regon, and do the leading
business in their line in the city. The stock is
valued at !j(l5,()()0. and they do a liiieiiieBB of
from *7.").<M)() to *S(I.(MU) j,er year.

Mr. Dart was marrieil, in 1875, to Miss Hliz-
beth Harris, daughter of U. (!. Harris, of Cali-
fornia. Mr. and Mrs. Dart have four children,
namely: Lucinda, Le lioy, Kil ami Hessie. Mr.
Dart is a member of L O. O. I''., both subor-
diiiate and grand lodges. In politics he is a
Ucpulilicaii, anil is i|uito proiniueiit in party
ineaaures,

- -^^-^

tlllAM (i. DAVIS. — Vmong the learned
practitioners of law of the Willamette
valley, is the above name J gentleman.
Mr. Davis is a native of Michigan and dates his
liirth at Davisbiirg, Oakland county, July 21,
18(11. His father, John C. Davis, was born in
the Kmpire State, in 1811), ami this gentleman,
a farmer by occupation and of Welsh I'Xtraction,
located in Michigan, when hut a la I of fourteen.
The Davis family were among theeirly i>ioneers
of Michigan and the town of Davisburg was
named in honor of tlio family. The mothor of
our subject, Sarah (Griswold) Davis, is a native
of Vermont, and her ancestors were among the
early and iiiHuontial t'amilics of New England.

In a family of nine children, thn subject of
this sketch is the seventh in order of birth. He
was reared and educated in his iiativo county,
and attended the public schools, where he re-
ceived a liberal education. On the farm he was
taught to till the K(jil, like his father before him,
but this young man was ambitious and resolved
to rival Daniel Webster, so he attended and
graduated from the University of Michigan in
18'JO. It was necessary for liim to engage in
farm life and teach school for some years before
sufficient money was obtained for him to take
tho course he so ardently desired. All the time
he was st.nggling along he made law studies a
speciality, iind his ett'orts were rewarded by his
being adinit:ed to practice in 1889.

The following year he came to Oregon, and
tirst located in Portland, where he practiced for
six months, but then removed to Corvallis,
where he lias since continued.

tllSTOllY OF OUKdO.V.

I Oil

Mr. Ouvis WHS inarrieil iit Diiliith, Minnesotii,
Alll^ll^t 14, 181(0, to Miss Ucliueca .loliiiBui, a
iirttivo of Sweden. 'I'liey Imvc one i-liild. Wave K.
In political matters Mr. I)avis atHliates with the
I)eiiiocratic, party and tal<e,-< an active interest in
party iasucR. Socially he is pruiniiicntly iden-
tified witii the I. (). (). I'"., suliordinate hid^e
and Kncani|iincnt, and at this time ia tilling the
chair of Chief I'atriarch.

Mr. Davis, altliuugh coni|)arfttively speaking
a straiii^cr in ('orvallis, diirini^ his rcHidonce
hero lias estahlished a repntatioii as an aide
Httornuy and hunorablo gentleman.

§M. D.VVIDSOX, an Oregon pioneer of
1H52. and the (ihliffiiif; I'ostmaster of
* Monmouth, I'olk county, is a native of
the State of Illinois, l>orn iN'oveinlxir 21, 1S31.
His grandfather, Kli jah Ua\id8on, was a native
of North (.Carolina, who removed to Kentucky
and was a pioneer of that State. Here he reared
his family of twelve children, all of whom lived
to maturity. He was a soldier in the war of
181",*, and lived to he eighty-seven years of age.
Hisson, father of subject, was born in Kentucky,
where he married Miss Elizabeth Deweese, a
native of Kentucky. They had four childnui and
removed to Hlinois, where they were pioneers
of that State. Mr. Davidson served in the
Black Hawk war and died in Illinois. His
father came to Oregon in 1850, bringiiigall the
family with him. It was a large party, as they
were all grown up and nuirried. They all set-
tled near the j)reeent site of Moiimoulh, where
Mr. Davidson had a donation claim, and here he
lived and died at the age of eighty-seven, us be-
fore mentioned. He was a minister of the
Christian Church, anil lived a good and worthy
life. His wife preceded liini to the iieavenly
home five years before.

The mother of our subject was nuirried a sec-
ond time and still resides in Illinois. Our sub-
ject was in his eighteenth year when he crossed
the plains in 1853. lie had received hise(luca-
tion in Warren county, Illinois, and left that
State April 10, 1852. The journey was a safe
one, and he came direct to his grandfather's
farm, in Polk county. After his arrival in Ore-
gon he was sent to the Christian School, starting
Se|>tember 23, 18.")2. He attended this institu-
tion for two years, and then went to thu mines in

Idaho, [n 1851!, while in the mine- in sontherii
Oregon, the Indians were very ho-tile, and he
and other minors formed themselves into a
company for self-jirotection. He wa> in miiny
ih- tight. He then engaged in farming, (;onlinu
ing that nccu|)ation until 18(iO, when he jmr
chased properly in Monmouth, and Imilt agooil
residence, where he has siiu'c resided, although
he lias continm-d to devote the greahi- jiortioii of
his til i(t to fiirming.

Mr. Da'iilsoit was iniirritMl S(>ptcmber 23,
18t)0, to .Miss .\lmirii C. Kramer, a native of
Illinois, an<l the ilaughter of dobn Kramer. The
family came to Oregon in 1853. Mr and Mrs.
Davidson have had two children; Ktta, who
married Mr. J. E. Hond, and resides in Kugcne;
and .Mice, who dicui in her tw(>nty-seRond year.
Mr. and Mrs. Davidson are memberri of the
Christian Church, and Mr. David>oii was an
active member of the (i range at .Monmouth, and
served in several ofticial capacities in the order.
Prior to the civil war he was a Douglas Dimmo
crat, lint after the firing on Fort Sumter ho
espoused the cause of the Union and join(>d the
rank.s of the Republican party, in which he has
sinc(( continued. In ls8!(, under the adminis-
tration of President Harrison, he receiveil the
ajipointini'iit of Postmaster of Monmouth, in
which capacity he i- now elliciently acting. Hi;
and his good wife enjoy the respect and esteem
of nil the peo|)le of Monnumth, where they have
lived so long.

-*»

-i=-

fAMKS O. DAVIDSON', a prominent Ore-
gon ])ionecr of 1817, and one of Polk coun-
ty's most successful farmers, wa> bom in
Keiitucky October 12. 1S25. His father, IIi/c
kiah Davidson, was born in liarren county, Ken-
tucky, in 1800, and his fiither, John Davidson,
was born in Xortli Carolina, where he married
Rachel Ellis, an English lady. They had six
sons and two daughters, ( )iir subject's father
was the second child. The family removed to
(Jrecne county, Illinois, where both the grand-
parents lived to be over (>iglity years of age and
two of their children nearly reached their one
hundredth year. The father of our subject was
leared in Kentucky, and there married Mi.~s
Melissa Ann Page, a native of Kentucky, born
in 1807. They resided in Illinois until lS-17,
and hud a family of eight children. In Febru-

'? (' 41

m ' ,p

'>>' )i

1023

nisroHT OF oKEaoN.

h'}'l

1 1

ary, 18+7, the entire t'luiiily started for Oregon
with oxen. They stopptMl two weeks at St. .Ju-
scpii, Missouri, until thf grass hegan (o grow,
ami tlien starlcii away froni civilization across
the great jilains. WIumi they (uiiuc to the Platte
river tliev iiuuiufactMrcil some ru<lc heats, which
tiicy fasteiiril toircthcr, wiile enough, apart for
the wagon wheels to he run into the end, and Iti
Ihi- way tliey crossed the great river and left
tiie lioats for the use of other emigrants. The
same process was gone tlirough when they
reached the (ireen river. There were twenty
wagons anil one pack in tlie company, which
was under the coniniand of Captain Scott. The
Indians were very frouhlesoine and could have
overpoM'ci-ed the little hand ot eniii,rrants with
their hows and arrows if they had wanted to. In
spite of ail dangers the little coin[)any came
through in safety, and arrived in Oregon early in
October. The father located on the Willamette,
west of Pniena Vista, and here he resided until
the time of his death, in 1870. He deeded his
land to his two youngest sons, llezekiah and
.lonathan. although his wife survived him two
years. These jieople wore brave, noble Oregon
pioneers. The children, who crossed the plains,
were as follows: Loretta, wife of David John-
son, resides in Inilependeiicc; J. K. Davidson
died in his sixty-seventh year; Buhject; KUza,
wife of H. F. Hurch (see history in this book);
Mary, wife of II. M.Waller, a minister of the
(Miri'stian (Jhurcli; Anti, wife of Leander Hurk-
licart; Ih'zt'kiah an<l .loiiiithan, younger .'ons.

()nr Biilijc't had just attained his twenty-first
birthday when ho arrived in Oregon, and took
up a <lonation claim on the present site of Mon-
mouth. Here he remained alone until August
an, 18.")1, when he married Miss Mary E. Lin-
ville, a native of Missouri, born September,
1838. Her father, Harrison Linville, came to
Oreifon in 184rt), and was one of the first settlers
in thai pail of the county. He was the first
Postmaster of Parker, and now resides at Sieltz,
in his Bovcntv-eighth year, respected by all wiio
know him. .Vfter their marriage Mr. and Mrs.
Davidson residod on their claim for five years.
Mr. Davidson was a stock-raieer, but was not
satisfied with the facilities for water, so he sold
this claim and jiurchased (hree-fourths of a sec-
lion, five miles south of Monmouth, oi the
Luckainute, where he had plenty of water. He
has become a snccessfid stock-raiser, and iiis
farm is one of the tinest in the county. On
this property he now reside? in a fine large resi-

dence, built on nearly the highest part of his
farm, overlooking the entire property and the
beautiful surrounding country. lie has worked
hard and given hi;- e.\clusive attention to his
farm, and has been amply rewarded by the
peace and plenty, wliich his industry nave pro-
diiei^d. Ho now eats the tine fruits of the or-
chard which his hands planted.

Mr. and Mrs. Davidson have the following
children, namely: Annette, wife of Philip
Grigsby, died in her twenly-sixth year; Lydia,
wito of Edgar Co.x, resides in Kansas; Orville P.,
died in his twenty-fifth year; Ellisisafarmeriiear
his father; lielk' died when thirteen years old;
and James L. and Ralph are at home.

Mrs. Davidson has proved herself a worthy
and excellent wife, and has performed her full
share in the upbuilding of their home and for-
tune. She is a consistent member of the Chris-
tian Church, and she and her husband are
residing together in their ])leasant home. Mr.
Davidson is a Democrat in ])olitics, and by his
quiet, upright life he .i.^s made a record for in-
dustry that will go down to future generations
for their emulation.

^€^->

SIIAXK DAVIS, a prosperous and highly
esteemed young farmer, of I'enton county,
Oregon, is a native of the State, having
been born in Jackson county, July 2'.t, 1865.
His parents are Caleb and Eliza (Ilenkle) l.)avis,
the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the
latter born in Iowa. In 1850 the parents, with
their children, crossed the plains to Oregon,
locating, in 1870, in Henton county. The par-
ents have had ten children, the subject of this
sketch being the fifth in order of birth.

Our subject was reared to farm life, and has
always followed agricultural pursuits. He is at
present managing ninety acres of his own prop-
■rty, besides 32(1 acres, which he rents from his
father, some 200 acres are under full cultivation,
devoted to general farming and stock-raising;
Btul four acres are in iin orchaivl of a variety of
fruit.

Mr. Davis was married December 2, 18'.ll, to
Miss Maggie Hrown, an estimidilelady, and also
im ( (regonian by birth.

Politically he is a Democrat, although taking
no active interest in politics, other than desir-
ing the continued prosperity of his State an<l
country.

HISTl*g3' OF OREaON.

1033

It is to such yonug iiieii of iiitelligeiicc and
morality tlmt Oregon must look for her tntiire
welfare, 'vlio sliall assist her in retiiininj; the
prond position which the older generation of
noble men and women have secured for her,
enabling her to jilaiit her streaniing banners in
the t'oremo.^t ranks of her sister States.

•m^:m-

lUlXEAS M. DE.NNlf' .,.h :>f IliilsboroV
enterprising citizens and 8i)eiiff of the
county of Washington, i.'iegon, ii from
Ohio, born December 24 18-41. Mis father,
Jacob D'ennis, was liorn in tlie same State in
1822, and l)oth of his jiareiits were from (ier-
many and came to this conntry and settled in
Pennsylvania, and were hdiu'st and indnstrions
persons. They went to Ohio, wheuiMr. Dennis'
father was born. The latter married, when in
liis seventeenth year, Alary lianning, of that
State. She was in her sixteenth year. They
had three sons and adanghter. Mr. Dennis was
tlte eldest cliiKI, and they resided in Ohio until
his twelfth year, and tiien went to Iowa and re-
sided tliere for years. Mr. Dennis stayed tiiere
until the civil war broke ont, when he enlisted
in Company D, Third Iowa \'olunteer Infantry.
He was mustered in .lune 8, 1801, and served
his country through all the frightful struggle,
and when the war was oxer and he was lionor-
ably discharged and mustered out July 12, 1865,
he returned home. His regiment served in the
Department of Tennessee, and participated in
(leneral Slieinian's grand campaign with Hood.
Mr. Dennis was near when (IcMieral Mcl'hersoii
was killed i id saw him fall. After the capture
of Atlau'a he made that memorable march with
Shenii'1,1 tiirough (ieorgia, and was slightly
wounded in the leg at JackMin, Mississippi.
Mr. Dennis was the first man in Columbus. At
(loldsboro they received the news of Lee's sur-
render, and fre(juently after that they met Con-
federate soldiers returning to their homes, and
now that the victory had been won, everybody
in blue treated the boys in gray with considera-
tion. He was in the grand review at Washing-
ton, and tells the following laughable incident
about himself. They had not had an opportun-
ity \o draw any clothing and he had been pro-
moted to Sergeant. They were onlered to wear
white gloves at the review and he says that his
shoes were worn off from his feet, hut he had
socks on. One of his pant legs was torn up to

the knee. In that plight, ami with white gloves
on, he marche(l through the street;, of the cap-
ital of our nation. Many of the others looki'd
nearly as badly. It was a grand day in the his-
tory of the country, and no irnm coulil describe it,
Mr. Dennis" tinu< of service expired when ho
was at the front and he eidisted again December
16, 1H63. .\fter returning from service he
farmed five years and then engaged in a general
merchandise business and was I'ostmaster in liis
former home for some time. In 1877 he sold out
and went to Oregon and arrivt-d in Portland on
May 17, 1877. lie had lost his property in .Min-
nesota by the gi'asshoppers having destroyed the
crops for him for five years in succesi-ion, and
after arriving in Hillsboro he worked by the day
for Mr. Peter liosco, later he iH'ccived the ap-
pointnu'iit of Deputy Slu-ritf in which capacity
iir >erved several years, and in 1888 was elected
Slieritl'of Washington county, and was re-elected
at the expiration of his term. At both elections
he ran ahead of hi> ticket, more so at the >e((ind
one.

Mr. Dennis has been succes>ful in hi> bu>i-
ness ventures. In connection with his partners,
Messrs. Mclvinney and Wiley, he has just com-
pleted a large livei'y stable, the best in the city,
lie has also built a good home and is a stock-
liolder in the Ili'lsboro Publishing ('ompany.
He has been one of the County Coinniis>ioners
and was a popular candidate for the State Legisla-
ture. Mr. l)enni> was ruined by a Demucratic
father, but since the war he has been a ifepub-
lican. He was married in October. Isfitl, to
Julia A. Steel, of Wisconsin, and they had eight
chihlren, seven of whom are living.

Mr. Dennis belongs to the A. F. & A. M.,
the I. O. O. K., the K. of P., the A. O. V. W.
and the (i. A. !!., and i^ a worthy memhei' nf
them all. He enjoys the ei.nlidence and e.-tcem
of his fellow-citizens of Wa>hington county.

d^^DWAUD N. DHN'TON, a well-known
business man of Weston, I'matilla county,
Oregon, born in ('hemnng county, New
York, Jnly4, I84;{, was the son of D. (i. Den-
ton and Mai'y (Smith) Di'nton, both natixes of
New Vork, the father being a merchant thci'e.
The father removed in I8.")l with his family, the
son, Kdwanl. being eight years old; then in
18."S \.ent to Milan, Sumner county, Kansas,

H !;(,'!>"

1024

HfSrORr OF OREGON.

■MM

wlif'C lie iliil ;i inci'i'iintilc hihI ImnkiMn; Imsiiiufis,
followini; it until uuu li'ii him to retire. Ho is
now livini^iii Kiiiisiis at thciiife (if seventy >"''''''•
His wife, why liiid lioi'nu him eiifht children,
died in 1S70, iit the aj^e of forty yeius.

Seven of the cliildreii are yet livinir, Hdward
beinif the beeoiid. lie recei^cil his education in
the |)iililio seliuols <if Michif»iiii and Kansas.
When ill his twentieth year Hilward enlisted
jSlMrcli l-, IHli;!, in coniiiaiiv (i, Ninth Kansas
Inliintry, and served until the cl'jse of the war,
lieinij (lischarged ,Iulv 5, 181)5. Tlie reifinient
heini; on duty in the West there was not tlieop-
jxirtnnity for the Ninth to tight as there was for
armies in. the East, yet it was in the severe bat-
tle of I'all's I'hifF, as well as several smaller en-
oaoomenta. Wiieii the war was over, our suhject
liaviiic; a desire to be in active life, beiran to
freight across the plains to Santa Fe, New Mex-
ico, jiiirsuing that employment for si.x years,
during which time he had a good chance to
know the red man.

Then proceeding to Hutler county, Kimsas,
ho began fanning and stock-raising; but, in
1878, the coast-country fever struck liim and he
removed to Oregon, where he first went to
freighting and then to prospecting and mining,
— the latter in ( )regon and Idaho, with very
good success. In the year ISSti he settled in
Weston, rniatilla connty, first going info the
livery business, bnt, two years later breaking his
leg in an accident, sold out; then, as soon as
nlile to (111 anything, he lioiight a harness shop,
which he si ill conducts, having a large stock of
harness, saddles, etc.. valued at ^iJ.OOO. and sell-
ing 87.()()() a year.

Our subject was married in 1872 to Miss
Lautlia dudsoii, born in New York, and emi-
grated to Kansas with her parents, where Mr.
Denfon married her. They ha\(' two children.
"Walter and .Mice. Mr. Denton is a member of
Ni'gley I'ost No. 4."), (t. A. K., of Weston; also
of the Modern Woodmen of the World. lie is
an .Vlderinaii of the city of Weston and in pol-
itics is a iU'publican.

iHARI.ES M. DONALDSON, a well-
known resident and active politician of
Hakei' ciiv, was born in New York. May
27, 18;U. in/ was the ninth child of Alonzii
Hiid riieliiida (Doolittle) Donaldson, both of

whom were natives of New York. Tney moved
to Iowa in 1838 when Charles was but four
years old. The father died in 1840, and the
mother in 1882. Our subject received but a
common school education in Iowa, came to Ore-
gon in the spring of 1852, engaged in liuying
stock, but gave that business up to go into
transportation between I'ortland ami the Cas-
ca(les, on the Columbia river. After two years
at this business he went to south Oregon and
engaged in inining, which he followed for seven
years and was very successful. He then re-
tnriie(l to his home in Oregon, later going to
Mound City, Illinois, where he engaged in the
mercantile business. Remaining two-years at
Mound City, lie sold out and removed to Nash-'
ville, Tennt. ice, where he engaged in the real-
estate business and remained there twelve years.
He was one of the very few that went one dark
night and organized the Uejiublican party when
it was not safe to be a Republican in Tennessee.
He was afterward elected Sheriff of Davidson
county, by a consolidation of the Republican
party and the Johnson Democrats, and was ten-
dered the n()minati(jn to Congress and to the
United States SiMiate by his party. He was ucan-
didate for Secretary of State and was beaten by bnt
.seven votes in the House. After this Mr. Don-
aldson removed to St. Louis, Missouri, and one
year from that time he was elected secretary
and treasurer of the St. Louis Compress (com-
pany, the largest handlers of cotton of any com.
pany in the (liiited States. It commenced with
a caiiital of §70.000, but under Mr. Donald-
son's management increased to a paid-up capital
of §125,000 and an assessed \alue of .«I2.600.000.
For ten years lie served as secretary, treasurer,
and vice-jiresident of that company, and was
sent as a delegate from St. Louis to Washing-
ton, District of Columbia, at the meeting of the
Mississippi Improvement Convention; and was
also a member, for many years, of the cotton ex-
change of St. Louis. During his residence there
he was alwaysa leader in all of the clubs of which
he was a member. He did not take as much
interest ill iiolitics in Missouri as be had in Ten-
nessee, an(I it may be mentioned that while ho
was a resident of the latter State lie was a dele-
gate to the State Convention that nominated
Parson Brownlow for (iovernor.

In 1884 Mr. Donaldson resigned his position
in the (Cotton Compress Company of St. Louis,
.'ind reinoviMl to Leadville, (yolorado, where he
accepteO a position as manager of the Bonanza

titsToni' ok oiiEhoN.

1(125

iniiu'8 of Colorado, and in 1888 he was trans-
ferred as manager totlic Kxcelsior (/onsolidatcd
Gold Mining ('oinpany. of Hakcr comity, Ore-
gon. Under Mr. Donaldson's inanagoinent, tiie
mines were made to show the best yield of ifold
of any mines in Oregon: it paid a dividend of
55;3,0(H),()00 ont of an ontpnt of a little over
S4,000,tl00.

AVhile Mr. J)onaldson was in Leads ille he
was active in the political work of the State,
having lieen chosen liy the State Convention of
Colorado to represent them as a delegate to the
National Convention of Chicago, where lie as-
sisted in the nomination of (reneral Harrison
for President. Onr subject was also a delegate
to the International Congress at Washington,
being on the CoTnmittee of Credentials, chosen
by tlie Governor of Oregon to represent that
State and was a very active and influential
member of that body, being made Secretary of
the Coiniiiitt( on Uesolntions. He was also a
delegate to the State Convention at i'ortland,
April, 181t2. where he was plmsen to represent
the Stiitp of Oregon at large in the National
Con ''Ml at Minneapolis, in June, 18U2.
Ollthi |i'litic8. Mr. Donaldson has been

very pr. iih';:i since '.•<• came to Oregon !■
erected the first (jnm '. mill on the Pacific . ,-i,
at a cost of $2U."U(t. and Is now < ni/aged in
managing the Donah' -nn Irrigati • Ditcli
Company of Oregon, iii IJaker county. The
marriage of onr subject occurred June 22.
1872. to Miss May Estella Kirby, of Nftsli\ ie.
Tennessee.

fOSKPlI KLKINS, an Oregon pioneer of
1852. was born in Melmont ((Hiir Ohio,
in IJtoU. His father, Lntln \\\^^ was

born, In Cornwall, Maine, his n -iry dating
back to the early settlement of the country.
Luther was the youngest of nine (jhildren, and
with his parent,s emigrated to Washington
county, I'ennsylvanla. in 181S, and in 1824, In
Blooniliigton. Indiana, where be followed the
trade of wagon-maker. He was married to
Philotheta Williams, and 8ubse(piently settlecl
in iielniout connty. Ohio, and engaged In mer-
cantile life, which he continued in until 1852,
when he started for ( )regon. He had two wagons,
four yoke of oxen to each watron. and with his
family and the reipiisite stock of supplies, he
set forth. The train numbered many wagons,

lam .xcademy.
moved to Leli-

wliicli divided at Soda Springs on .he Hear river,
part of the train going to ('ulifornlii and the
ri'st to Oregon, and the journey was completed
without any jiiirflciilar Incident. They landed
In the WIllHiiictte valley, September 2(') of the
same year. Traveling up the \allcy to Linn
county, they settled ujion i{2() acres on the forks
of the Siintiam. and engaged in fanning. In
1853 he secured subscriptions of the farmers
and built the lirst schoolliouso In that locality,
and In 1854 orgiinized the Santiam .\cad
About 185(1 he sold his farm and
anon and pnrchase<l the stock of merchandise
of William I'hillips. He followed mercantile
life for twenty years. He was (piite prominent
ill political idl'airs. He was the lu' mber to the
last Territorial Legislature; the Constitutional
Convention and represented Lan^ county in
the State Leirlshiture for two iinis and
served the same nnniber ot yiais in the
State Senate. In the memorable eoiitest be-
tween Xesniith and Itaker for I'liiled States
Senatoi', just prior to the Ueliellioti, after a
"dead lock " of several days, Mr. Klkins (;ast
the decisive ballot, and Mr. llaker was elected,
bis opponent in politics, but by liim deenii'il the
more lionorahlo man. In 18(14 Mr. Elklns was
one of the develojiers ..f the Willamette Valh^y
and Cascade .Mountain Military Wagon Koad,
and sulistMjiiently was an able promoter <if the
Albany iV: Santlain Canal, and tin- Albany i^
Lebanon Railroail. His energy was proverbial,
but through his many enterpri>es he met with
heavy losses, which resulted in his prostration
and death, in 1887.

Ho was educated In Ohio and crossed the
plains with his parents In 1852, remaining with
them until 1854. when he went to the Sailor
diggings. In Southern Oregon, and to the
Rogue River Indian war In 1.S55. lie was a
member of the coin|)any organized by Captain
King. The ciimpaigii was short, and in I85ti
he returned and located Ifitl acres of woodland
on the fork of the Santiam. He built a saw-
mill and engaged In the liiinber ' -iness. In
185S he went to the Fraser rive, ifemcnt,

and after jiacklng seventy-tivc? day. lu' ari-i\i'd
only lo find a vast crowd of |ief)ple. I'rices
were very high, llour was JSl and bacon $1.25 a
|iound, and no gold, necessitating the borrowing
of money to get back to Oregon and bis mill on
the Santiam. In l8tU) he went to the I'lorence
niln(!s. In Idaho, and after three months of
labor he caiiit; out jnst even. In ISdl been-

1 1 ^ *«t

1030

nt STORY OP ORWaON.

naged ill juickiiifr troin Umatilla to JJuise and
Iblldwud tlic^ occupation about two years, inaking
about !t(2,0()0. In \m\i lie returned to tlie
Willamotte valley and bought liorses which he
drove to Walla 'Walia. and followed' the stock
biisincst. iiiitil 18()(5, when he settled in Lebanon
and fiigaiicd in the manufacture of bacon. In
1H71 he and his hn.ther built the Lebanon Monr
.\[ill. which they o|ierat(vl tor seven years. The
work was a clear lose, as they lost, not only their
time but lj(7,0(l(» as well. He was left penniless.
Since then his occupation lias been varied, but
by prudent manageiiu^nt and persevering indus-
try, ho has aci[uired valuable property at Leb-
anon, consisting of eight acres of land and the
nice home where he now resides.

He was married in ISOfi near Sodaville, to
Miss Mary Isabelle Wilson, of Iowa, and daugh-
ter of (icorge Wilson, a jiioneer of 1852. They
liave five children: Annie, wife of John West;
William W.,(ieorge. Ilda and Harry A.

Mr. Klkins is a member of I. O. (). F. He
lias served three terms on the City (Jonneil, and
was one of the promoters of the Lebanon and
Santiam canal. He is very active in educational
work, and is (uie of the substantial men of Leb-
anon.

[KORdE S. D()WN1X(;, one of Oregon's
resjiected pioneers, and the cajiable super-
intendent of her State penitentiary, was
iiorn ill N'enango county. I'emisylvania, < )ctober
28, 18i{(). His father, Ah'xander Downing,
was born in the State of \'irginia, and was de-
sceiKJed from one of the old colonial families.
His ancestors removed from Scotland to the
iNortli of Ireland, and thence emigrated to
.\miMica. settling in the X'irginia colony. W^lion
the war arose with the mother cnuntry, Moses
M. Downing, grandfather of (leorge S. Down-
ing, shoiildert' 1 his musket and heljicd tight the
liattles of the infant republic. .Vlexander Down-
ing married .Miss Klizabeth l?iirne, a naliM' of
the State of I'ennsyUania. of Scotch-Irish an-
cestry. There were born to them ten children,
four of whom survive. The family n moved
from I'ennsylvania to La I'liyetto. Indiana, i)Ut
after a year and a half pushed their way farther
toward the setting sun. locating in Davis county,
Iowa, in L844; they settled on a farm on wiiich
tbey resided until the father's death in 1869.
(ieorire 8. Downin<j. son of the above, was
reared and educated in Davis countv, until his

seventh year. Filled with a desire to go to tiie
Pacific coast, he left his home in Iowa the Ist
of April, Is.");}, and joined a train of four wagons
hound for the golden gate. On the way they
were twice attacked by Indians, but escaped
serious injury at the hand of the red men.
They arrived in Marion county, Oregon, Sep-
temlier 2H, 1850. John Downing a brother of
Oeorge S. had preceded him in a visit to the
coast in 1847, and had settled on lands in the
Waldo Hill district. Our subject resided with
him for a year.

In the fall of 1854 the Governor of the State
called for men to assist in putting down the
Indians who had murdered a number of emi-

ifrants on Snake river. Mr. Downinu; was the

o . ^

second man to sign the enlistment roll, but the
company was disbanded without any active en-
gagement. Immediately after being mustered
out Mr. Downing went on hor-seback to the
mines in Vreka, Siskiyou county, California,
and for two years met with reasonable success;
his best day's work in the placer mines was
8113. In i85() he returned with his gold dust
to Marion county, and |.,.rcliased his firtt ranch,
a tract of 100 acres; he engaged in agricultural
pursuits, and established a tannery, one of the
first in the State.

He was united in marriage in 1857 to Miss
Missouri A. Kvans, a native of Missouri, and
their union was blessed with three children, born
in Marion county: William II., who is engaged
in the real-estate business in Salem; Kobert E.,
a farmer in the Waldo Hill district, and Jantha,
wife of a prominent attorney at Koseburg.
After eight years of quiet happiness Mrs. Down-
ing died. Feeling the loss very ke(>iily, Mr.
Downing gave up housekeeping and went to
the mines at Florence. Idaho. After a year he
rctiiined to Marion county, added to his farm a
tract of y(55 acres, and engaged in agricultural
pursuits; he also made some real-estate trans-
actions. February 11, 1807, he was married to
Mrs. Mary Smith, widow of Moses M. Smith.
Mi's, Downing had one daughter by her first
marriage, and two children were born of the
second union: Walter F., the only surviving
child, now resides on the Waldo Hill farm.
Mrs. Downing dieil February 22, 1H80. Mr.
I^owning was married in 1882. on the 0th day of
June to Miss Elizabeth Kossiter, a native of
Toronto. Canada.

During the greater part of his residence in
Marion county, from 1804 to 188(1. Mr. Dowii-

1%
1.J

-i^

ItTSTORV OF OREGON.

lii'.>7

iiig had served a8 Justice of tlie Peace; lie had
thus become familiar with tliu law, and in 1882
he conceived the idea of liein^r admitted to the
bar. With this object in view he rend in the
office of Jules iStrattoii for two months, and at
the end of tliat thne was examined with a class
of thirty-two by the Sujierior Court. lie passed
the examination most creditably, and was ad-
mitted to practice in the courts of the State.
lie then gave his attention to the profession,
but in connection carried on his farm until
1887, when he removed to the city of Salem,
lie formed u law partnersliip with S. T. Itich-
ardson, whicli existed until March 10, 1888,
when he was appointed, by Governor Pennoyer
Superintendent of the State penitentiary. His
management of this institution has reflected
great credit, not upon hitnself alone, but upon
the (Tovernor's judgment in his selection. Wlien
Mr. Downing entered upon his duties there was
much dissatisfaction among the convicts, but
he introduced literary entertainments and sing-
ing, which brought a new wave of life to the in-
mates, greatly relieving tlie tedium of their cou-
linement. A much better spirit pervades tlie
prison, and Mr. Downing possesses the full con-
tidence and good-will of those under his care.

He is a member of tiie Masonic fraternity,
and is Past Master of his lodge. lie also be-
longs to the A. (). U. W. lie takes a deep
interest in agriculture, and assisted in organiz-
ing the Grange, of which he was Master for a
time. He was (!liiet Marshal of the State
Agricultural Society for eight years. His ranch,
of 572 acres, is located near Sublimity in the
Waldo llill district; here he has made many
valuable improvements, developing one of the
best farms in Marion county.

Politically, he affiliates with the Democratic
party, and in his religious faith holds the views
of the Christian denomination, but he is not a
radical in either politics or religion. Ho has
been a citizen ot Oregon since 1S53. and is
thoroughly respected and honored for his many
admirable traits of character.

-=*-<

*»^::—

fllOMAS H. DEN XEY, an honored Ore-
gon jiioneer of 1849, still residing on his
donation claim in Washingtun county,
Oregon, was born in Scott county. Kentucky,
July 1, lil7. The ancestors of the family came
from old England, and great-grand father, .lolin

Denney, settled at Chesapeake bay. His wife
was a Hathaway, and his son, graiidlatlicr .\<lain
Denney, was born ut Chesapeake bay in iTl\h
He married Miss Mary Surrey, and became u
soldier in the colonial army during the Uevdlu-
tionary war. Three sons and six daughters were
born in this home. He died in Scott county,
Kentucky, in his iMghty-foiirtli year.

Fielding Denney was the youngest of the
family, and he was born in North Carolina, in
1770. He served in the war of 17U4, under
(General Lane, and also was with General Will-
iam Henry Harrison, in the war of 1812. He
married Miss .lane llicklin for his second wife.
She was the daughter of Thomas llicklin, who
was one of the Revolutionary soldiers that par-
ticijiated in the capture of the army of Com-
wallis. Five cliildren were born of this mar-
riage, and Thomas was the eldest. His father
died in 1S4."), in his seventy-fifth year, and his
mother diiMi in 182(5.

Our subject was reared to manhood in .Icn-
nings county, Indiana, and was there married
January 4, 1849, to Miss I Sari I la F. King, who
was born in Rijiley county, Indiana, Decembor
10, 1822. She was the daughter of James
Kinir, a soldier who fouy-ht all thnnigh the
lievolution uinler (ieneral Washington, and from
this it will be seen that on Itotli sides of the
family they are of good old Revolutionary stock.

In March of the year in which they were
married, Mr. and Mrs. Denney started with
oxen to make the long journey across the ])lains
to Oregon. They had two wagons and four
yoke of oxen on each wagon, ami they were
driven by Mr. Denney, a brother and a cousin.
Several of the oxen were lost on the journey
from their drinking alkali water, but aside fmni
this, the journey was a nice one, lUid Mrs. Den-
ney says that she enjoyed it vi'iy mncli. They
arriveil ut Foster's farm, in Clackamas county,
October ('), and from there came to Mihviiukeo,
where they remaiiuMl iluring the winter, Mr.
Denney working in the sawmill. They rei'.ched
their donation claim in Washington county,
seven miles southwest of Portland, November
29. 1851. He had bought lumber at Milwaukee
and had built a board shanty, int<i which they
moved and commenced their |iioneer life. Hcu'e
they have since toiled and improved the dona-
tion claim of (iK) acres of land, and have reared
a family of seven children, all of whom are
living but one. They are as follows: Fielding
.•.resides in Linn county and has a family of

■ t

1028

niSfoRY OF oRMaoU.

Ilia own; lirmiutto irmrrie 1 Amli'ew Joliiiboii,
Imd two cliildivii iiiid ilieil in her tliirty-tifth
year, leaving lier cliildren with her purents;
Cyrcnn niiirrieil .lolin Peterson, and i-eai(l"s near
Forest Grove. Thret^ sons, J^ewis, |{en jainin iv.
iiml Aaron reside at iioine and are managing
the hirge t'lirin; Alice nuiiried Frank Olds and
resides at home.

Mr. Denney and his sons iire Republicans,
and are teni|)urance men, very highly respected
in the connty in which they have so long re-
sided. Mr. and Mrs. Denm^y have led a good
and upright lite, and they are both good rej)-
resentatives of the brave Oregon pioneer of
1849.

»-^}»^c ■■ < I ■

|EV. ISAAC I). l)UI\n^:U. an Oregon pio-
neer of 1S5;J, was born upon the frontier,
_.^ on the ^laumee river, near Fort Detiance,
Ohio, August 27, 182-1. His ])areuts, Thomas
and Thanl<ful (Travis) Driver, were natives of
I'eiinsylvania, their ancesti-y being numbered
among tin' I'liritan settlers of America. Al-
though iii.nried in his native State, Mr. Oriver,
Sr., and his family afterward emigrated to Ohio,
and they were among the pioneers of that State.
During the war nf 1812 he was Lieutenant
under (icnci-al William Uenry Harrison, and
was stationed at Fort Meigs. In April, 1827.
he removed to Fort Wayne, and in 1828, accom-
panied by his young son, Isaac, he explored the
country about South I'end, and camped upon
the present site of Chicago, then a low marsh
and open prairie. At Fort Wayne Thomas and
liis i)rotiier Samuel were largely engaged in
trading with the Indians and in buying and
selling land. In 18;{1 they moved to (Joshen,
Elkhart county, and engaged in farming and
trading. They then moved to .Noble county in
18-44, and followed farming until 1852, when
they sold out and |)repared for the trip across
the plains to Oregon, traveling to Iowa in the
fall, and staying there during the winter, and
then started out in the spring for the longer
trip, which was accomplished, and they reached
OregoTi in the fall following. He then located
in what is now Douglas county, and farmed
until his death in 1 Sol. aged eighty-seven years.
Isaac 1)., the seventh child in a family of
twelve children, was educated in Indiana. At
the age of thirteen he began to carry the inaiK*.
on horseback, between Fort Wayne and South

I?end, and for his bravery, r.'gularity and safe
discharge of duty, traveling through a wild and
unsettled country, amidst many dangers from
highwayin'n aiul Indians, he was allowed double
wages, and continued in the service for three
years, saving his money in order to secure the
highest education that the State afforded. As
soon as he had aci[nired enough money ho
again entered school, anil remaiTied until he was
twenty-two j'ears of age. After leaving school
lie engaged in farming aiul stock-raising.

In 1848 he was married to Miss Kebecca
Crumley, who survived but a year, leaving a
child, Samuel M., who is now Presiding Flder
over the Idaho Conference. During this atHic-
tion, in 1849, Mr. Driver sought change aiul
diversion, and in company with about forty
men crossed the plains to California, several of
the company dying of cholera on the way, the
balance arriving at Steep Hollow about October
1, following. Mr. Driver then began mining,
but soon removed to Auburn, where ho re-
nniined during the winter and mined with great
success until the spring of 1850, when ho went
to San Frmcisco, and by steamer and the Isth-
mus of Panama returned to Indiana and con-
tinued farming.

In 1852 he inarrie<l Miss Mnry Ilardenbrook,
and in the fall he joined his father and brothers,
with their families, and ])repared for the trip to
Oregon. The party numherfid about fifteen
people, with four ox teams, and two lighter
wagons drawn by horses fo}' the women
and children. Mr. Driver's mother died from
mountain fever, and numy of the cattle and
horses perished from the alkali water. The re-
mainder of the party laiuled in the Willamette
valley, at Foster's, September 14, 1853, and on
October 4 they tiled their claims in the Ump-
qua valley, now Douglas county, in close
proximity to .ludge Matthew P. Deady, Oov-
ernorGibb.i, Hon. I'. P. Prim and Judge IJiley
E. Strattan, and prominent men in the history
of Oregon. Isaac Driver then engaged in fann-
ing ami stock-raising imtil he was taken very
sick witli a severe fever, and nearly died. Re-
viewing his life and the promises he had made
his mother and son, he resolved that if he were
spared to this life, he would devote the rest of
his life to the service of the Lord. As soon as
he was able he began the study of Latin, Greek
and Hebrew witli private tutors, and entered
with zest upon the work toward whicU he had
been inclined ever since he had been ten years

It r STORY of OUHOON.

1020

of age. Ill 1857 lio l)f<;aii pruachiriff in tlie
Uinpqua valley from hie own house, and in
1858 he joined the Oregon Conference and was
assigned to Jacksonville, followed by Eugene
City, Coi'vallis, the J)alles and Oregon City.
In 18(57 he was appointed agent of the Ameri-
can Bible Society for Oregon, Washington,
Montana and Idaho, traveliiiii through the
Northwest and locating preachen? for tiie dis-
tribution of the P>ible. He met with numerous
dangers and ditKculties, but never suft'ered from
accident or being molested.

In 18(57 he was again bereaved through the
death of his wife, who left five chililren, four of
whom are still living. He continued his ardu-
ous duties, and was atjain married at Eiiy-ene
City, in 1871, to Miss Leanna lies, who sur-
vived but seven months. After seven years'
service as agent for the American Hible Society,
Mr. Driver resigned and took a trip East, and
was married again in Michigan, to Miss Anna
Northnip, and, returning to Oregon, he was a])-
pointed Presiding Elder of tlic Salem District,
tor two years, and in 1875 deatli again entered
the family, removing his wife, who left one
child. In 1876 he was assigned to Monroe,
and in 1877 he was married to Miss Mary E.
Williams, and continued his pastorate at Browns-
ville and Eugene City, with four years as Pre-
siding Elder of the Eugene District, until 188(5,
when he was assigneil to the Centenary Church
at Portland.

Eor thirty-five years Mr. Driver has been an
earnest and faithful student of divine truths,
aided by a large library, which includes the
original translation of the ante-Nicene library,
from Christ through all the Apostolic epistles.
Thus, assisted by hard study, a retentive mem-
ory and a judicial mind, he sought out the
milder teachings of scripture, and through his
expositions he became famed the world over,
and was declared to have no superior in the
world on Christian evidences. In 1889 the
Secular T'nion, in session in Cliicago, issued a
chidlenge to Protestant denominations to meet
them in open discussions comparing Cliristinn-
ity with secularism. Mr. Driver was securt>(l
by Mr. Dwight L. Moo<ly, and he accepted the
challenge, and this poster was circulated in
May, 1889:

"VUev. I. D. Driver, of Portland (I). L.
Moody's representative), will meet Charles
AV^atts, Es(]., >f Toronto, Ontario, the c]u\nipion
of free thought, in a four nights" discussion.

alternate hours, at Princess Opera House, Chi
cago. \)r. Driver has spent thirty years in in-
vestigating science for the purjioso of meeting
the arguments of infidels, agnostics, etc. He
is a thoroughly equipped theologian. Charles
Watts, editor of Secidar Thouglil, was the
associate of Charles liradlaugli and (ieorgc J.
Ilolyoke, and is the foremost debater in the free
fiehl."

At the close of the discussion resolutions
were introduced by Mr. Stevens, secretary of
the Si^cnlar Union, extendinif sincere thanks to
Dr. Driver and D. E. Moody for their partici-
j)ati(>n in, and candor and fairness manifested
by them throughout, the discussion.

Dr. Driver remained in Chicago three months,
attending Mr. Moody's School of Churchi^s, and
performed a noblo work in Bible teaching. On
returning to Oregon he was a|)pointcd general
agent to build the Portland Hospital, which he
accomplished at an expense of .SIOO.OOO, he
soliciting the subscriptions and purchasing the
land.

In 1883 he purchased his present fai'm of l;i5
acres, near Eugene, which he has occupied from
time to Lime, but permanently sinix' 1889, en-
gagei! in farming and stock-raising, kee|>ing a
high grade of Clydesdale horses and registered
Jersey cattle. Berkshire hogs and pure blood
chickens and turkeys.

Mr. Driver has by his present wife eight
children. He is a Uoyal Arch Mason, anil
for many years was Chaplain of the Chapter.
Through his years of labor, suffering and hard-
shi|)s his nerves became very much shattered,
but though -ixty-eight years of age, his powers
of mind are nnabatecl. During his years of
labor the work has been done for love of the
Master and the conversion of souls; his teach-
ings have be(^n from conviction and original
thought, and not book lore, ami his reward shall
be great when the Maker counts up his jewels.

AMUEL ENGLE, another of the lionore.l
Oregon pioneers of 184."), was boi'ii in St.
Clair county, Illinois, January HO, 18:il.
His am^estors came from (ierniany and were
among the early settlers of Virginia, (ireat-
grandfather John ICngle and his son Joseph
fought in the Revolutionary war. The lattei'
was the father of three bous and one daughter.

losu

atatoBV of ORBOON.

HI '

III

Tilt) eldest <if tiiese sons, Willimii Kngle, the
fiither nf mil' snlijcct. was born at Harper's
i''ei-i'y, N'irfriiiiii, Mitrcli 18, 1789, and was a sol-
dier ill the war ol' Lsl2. lie was married in
Vir).;inia, in 181(! to ^[is8 Mary i'ntt, and in
182(t they remove J to Illinois, whei'e she died
in 18Sii}, ieuviiiir ti.ree children, in I8li4 Mr.
Knjrle married Mrs. Ester Hayes, who died soon
after her marriage, and in 182(5 he wedded Mrs.
.NFartha Chance, who was born in 17'.t8, daugh-
ter of William Clark. They had five children,
and with his wife and these children- -then all
single — he crossed the plains to Oregon in 1845.

The P^nfrle family left their home in Illinois,
Maivli 18, 1845, their outfit consisting of two
wagons, eight yoke of oxen, thirty-one eows and
heifers, and three horses, the family being loaded
in one wagon and their provisions in the other,
and after a long and tedions journey, but a suc-
cessful one. they arrived at their destination in
the middle of l)e(!einber. At Oregon ( 'ity they
spent the winter, where the father worked at the
carpenters' trade. In the spring of 1840 they
selected a donation claim in Clackamas county,
sixteen miles sonth of Oregon City, on which
they built a hewed-log house, at that time there
being only one settler between them and Ore-
gon ('ity. On this property they resided until
18(ili, when they sold out to Oliver Uobbins.
Samiiil Kngle, the subject of our sketcli, subse-
Jliiently piircdiased Siio acres of the claim, and
on it has since resided. The father then pur-
chased a half section of land in Yarn Hill
county, and after living on it a year, sold out and
went to Silverton in Marion county. There he
purchased a tract of land and spent the resitlue
of his life, dying May 18, 1868. He was an
intluential citizen in the early history of the Ter-
ritory and StaiO, having served in the Territorial
Legislature in 1847; also served a term of two
yeai's as Judge of liis county. His wife died in
1849. She was a most estimable woman, and
their ])ioneer home was noted for its hospitality.

Following are the names of their childrcHi:
^Malvina, who is now the wife of Mitchell Whit-
lock, Marion county, Oregon; Sarah, wife of
(ieorge ifeese, and the niotluM- of three children,
died in 1859; Samuel: Christopher, who died
in 185!t, in his twenty-fifth year; Augustus died
ill 1880, leaving two children.

Samuel Engle was among the number who
sought the gold mines of California in 1849.
lie mined on Clear creek, where he spent about
six months; also mined at .lackson. Oregon. In

later years ho was engaged in freighting provi-
sions to the mines, going in 18(i4 to the mines
of Idaho. In the meantime he married and set-
tled on the farm above referred to, and in 1875
he built a comfortable and substantial home on
it. This property he has developed into one of
the finest farms in the county. Mr. Kngle is
thoi'oughly posted on the history of his State.
An active and intelligent member of the Dem-
ocratic |)arty, ho has several times been chosen
for jiositions of importance. The Democrats,
however, being in the minority here, he has al-
ways been defeated. lie takes an active inter-
est in the educational affairs of his district, and
has served as School Clerk for twenty years.
He has been Secretary of the Orange, of which
he was a charter member.

Novembei' K), 1854, Mr. Engle married Miss
Nancy II. Dunniway, a native of HIinois, born
February IG, 1h;?8, daughter of Benjamin I.
Dunniway. They have seven children, namely:
Clarence, who is married and resides in Clacka-
mas county; Emma F., at home; Albert, mar-
ried a, id living in this county: VV. H. and his
little son, Gilbert, reside with his parents, his
wife having died; Alice, wife of Benjamin F.
liarless, Clackamas county; D., at home; and
Annie, who is attending school.

Such ip a brief sketch of one of Oregon's re-
spected pioneers.

— '^^mm^'^ — ' •;.

oris C. FAKIIAR, Captain of Company
G, First Regiment, Oregon National
(iuards. is a native of New York city,
)orn April 9, 1850. Prior to the Revolutionary
war his ancestors settled in \ow York, and in
that war performed valiant service. They also
|)articipated in the war of 1812. The parents
of our subject, George C. and Ann E. (Blood-
good) F'arrar, were both natives of New York
city. George C. Farrar was Captain of the
Tenth Company, Seventh Regiment, New Y'"ork
National (inards, serving as such eleven years,
and resigning in 1865. In business he was
a prominent coal merchant of New York city,
and for many years was jiresident of Fall Creek
tfc Lehigh Valley Coal (Domjiany. He and his
wife had three children, Louis C. being the
second born, lie was educated at the old Gram-
mar School, No. 55, and at the City of New
York ( 'olleire.

UrsTOHi' OF OliEOON.

lOUl

January 1, 1870. yomig FHrrar eiitereil tlie
employ of .John M. 'Davis vV: Co., large Inipor-
ters and jobbers, dealers in gents' fnriiisbinif
goods, and remained in their city store until
Novomhur, 15. 1875. when he was transferred
to their branch house in San Francisco, and was
there engaged until the house was discontinued
in 1877. Mr. Farrar was then employivl by
C. C. Hastings iV: Co.. prominent dealers of San
Francisco, with whom he remained until 1880.
That year he came to Portland as salesman for
Fishel & lloberts. In 188;} this firm dissolved
and the business was continued by A. lloberts,
for whom Mr. FaiTar has become confidential
manager in the care of store and purchase of
stock.

lie was married in Portland, .fnly 9. 1883, to
Miss Lnhi E. Hiven, a native of San Francisco,
and a daughter of Rasey P>iven, a (California
pioneer of 1850, and a prominent man in min-
ing and newspaper work. Mr. and Mrs. Farrar
have an only child, Victor C.

The military life of our subject began in Cali-
fornia, April 1, 1878, with the organization and
enlistment of Company F, Second Regiment,
National (ruards of California. Attaining the
rank of Sergeant, he received an honorable ilis-
chargo upon leaving that State for Oregon, in
the fall of 1880. [n the latter i)art of 1883, a
younger element of society in Portland mani-
fested a desire to enter the National Guard,
which culminated in the organization of Com-
pany (t, November 15, 1888, and was mustered
into the service of the State by Major II. II.
Northrup. This company started with a mus-
ter roll of forty-five members. It received
valuable assistance from Brigadier-General
William Kapus, whose untiri'ig efforts and zeal
laid the fountlation of an organization which
has no superior and few e<]uals. At tliat time
the State, under the old militia law, simply fur-
nished guns, and the members of the conijiauy
were compelled to uniform and e([uip themselves
out of their own pockets. Mr. Farrar was
elected the first captain, which office he has con-
tinued to till with honor and distinction. A
number of exhibition drills, in which the com
pany displayed its proficiency, broughl it prom-
inently Dof'ore the public. Its first victory in
competitive drill was July 4, 1885, with Com-
pany E of the same regiment. Since then, in
competitive drill at Tacoma, and from the Seat-
tle liifles. they have received the wreath of
victory, and their challenge is now extended to

any comj)any of the coast. Tlie same untiring
energy ami close attention to tactics has kept
this company always in the front. It has also
combined the social with tiie military, and in
atiiletics it has taken the lead, having given
two of the most successful meetings that have
ever been held in the Northwest. One of the
greatest com|)liin(>nt8 that has ever i)een paid
the organization has beini the demimil M|)on it
for officers, and nol)ly has the company re-
sponded, having trained aiul educated many of
the commissioned officers of the other coni-
|)anie8 of the regiment. The members of the
company hold an annual reunion lianijuet on the
anniversary of its organization, whicli is largely
attended iiy the active and veteran meml)ers,
and the feeling of once a (t man, always a (i
man, is maintained.

fAMES ALLEN FLIPPIN, an Oregon pio-
neer, came to < )regon in 18-45, and has twice
made the trip across the |)hiins witii oxen.
He is from Tennessee by birth, being born in
Weakley county, on Mai'cii 17. 1825. His father,
Jesse Flippin. was born in Barren county, ivcn-
tucky, on Sept. 10. 1798. The ancestry'of the
family were English, and they settled in N'irginia
and later in Kentucky. Mr. I'lippin's father
married Elizabeth White, of Halifax county,
Virginia, and the daugiiter of Joseph White,
who served in the Kevolution. They removed
to Gibson county. Tennessee, and there raised
their family of eleven children.

In 1852 Mr. Flip])in, with his young wife
and his father and mother and tlu* family, with
others, started for Oregon. That was the year
that the cholera did such fatal work among the
emigrants. Jesse Flippin died, and so did the
mother and many others, and the remainder were
so discouraged that they abi'ndnned tiicir attempt
and went home. Mr. Flip[)in, Sr.. went to Ten-
nessee and from there to Texsvs, niarrie<l a second
time, and resided in Titus county, that State, un-
til the day of his death.

.fames Allen Flippin was raised in Tennessee
till his twentieth year. At that time the advan-
tages of an education were very limited in his
State, and six months of schooling was all he ever
obtained, but he was intelligent and what ho
faileil to get at school he picked up in tiie school
of experience. In 18-1-5 he crossed the plains,

it!

10.12

nisTORY OF on/annff.

V' f

iiikI wlieii lie ciiiiii' tn tliti I'liitto rivur.iii ('oinpaiiy
Willi ColoiU'l Hull, lie made :i Imi'fraiii with A.
I'l'iiyoi' t(i (Jrivc IiIh loose cattle to Oi'cjroii at $.">
jicr iiioiitii ami boai-(i, or if he wished he eoiild
take his choice of one of tlu; cows. They had
150 htiail of tliciii when they reached Fort I'oise.
Ste|)hen Meek otferiMJ to collide them liy the way
of Meek's ciit-olf, which would take them two
weeks' less time, for $1 for each of the tiftv
wafriiiis. They started, but Mr. Meek lost liis
heariiifr, and they were a two weekn longer on the
trip than they had expected, and they had to get
out as best they couhl. They were out of pro-
visions ami the whole party were on short rations,
and they nearly died for want of food. When
they reached the Dalles they obtained liean» and
beef, and they were so very hungry that they
could not wait to cook them. One of the men
made himself sosick from overeating that bodied
in great siilfering. Mrs. Frayer gave her people
a limited allowance and thus avoided any
danger in that way. When they reached the
Dalles Mr. I'Vaycr considered the contract ful-
filled, and offered him oi) cents a day to drive
the stock to the moutii of the Sandy. It took
thirty days, and when Mr. Frayer paid him
83()..jU, in full, he felt very rich. Wlien they
reached Vancouver they bought jiotatoes and
salmon to eat. and it was a great treat to them.
He was 18f) (lays in crosaincf the plains and ar-
rived on November 14, 1845. He went to
Washington county, and at Wa|)at() Lake made
1,000 rails for ten bushels of wheat, and then
made rails for a Spanish steer. Thus he was
])rovi(le<l for the winter with tlonr and meat,
and with a few peas for coffee. In some way or
other he got through the winter, and in iHi'J
went to California overland with oxen to the
mines. Here he mined two and OTie-half years
with reasonable success. At the end of that
time he returned to Tennessee. In 1853, after
the failure in 1852 to get tlirough, he again
faced the danger of the journey. Heliadgone
home by the way of water, and reached there on
December V.\ 1851. He married Miss Jane
Amanda Patton. and on the 10th of March they
started for Oregon. He had his own outfit, but
they had only traveled about ~00 miles when
thev were forced to give uji the journey. He
then went to Vernon county, iHssouri, and the
following spring they came tlirough, and were
ItiO days in making the journey. IJe went to
(."olonel Hull's, who was hie uncle, and took u|)
a claim of <i'M acres o( hind. He built on this

first jiroperty and improved it, and spent thirty-
three years of his life on it, and made a tine and
valuable farm out of it. He had born to him
eleven children: Hlizabeth S., now Mrs. H. F.
Smith; William H.; Mary Jane became Mrs.
Weldy Steward and soon after died in her
twenty-tirat year; .lames W.; Woodson L.; Olive
A., died in her tweiity-first year; Thomas J.;
Fldward, F. 1,., Nancy Flla and Selah M. Mr.
Flippin has been County Assessor fouryears.and
seventeen in succession as School District (Jlerk.
JIo was also Justice of the Peace for several
years, and a census enumerator in 1880. He
was also a member of the Good Templars. Mr.
Flippin was a very good marksman, and a hard-
working man- He had a ]iowerful constitution,
and was for many years a respected, influential citi-
zen; but circumstances occurred that rendered it
necessary for him to sell his tine farm for !j!0,000.
Itis now worth alargehiim. Mr. Flippin nowre-
sides (Ml a new farm of liiO acres of land, twenty-
two miles northwest of Hillsboro, and when we
see Mr. Flippin we say that there is one of Ore-
gon's hardy pioneers.

fRANK DEKl'M. — Among the early pio-
neers of Oregon we find Mr. Frank Dekum,
who was born in Palatine, JJavaria, Ger-
many, November .j, 1820. There his ancestry
had lived for generations, engaged in the busi-
ness eiiterjirises of the locality. Seeking a
broader field of labor in 1837, his father, Frank
Dekum, with his wife and seven children emi-
grated to America, (imong the pioneers of Illi-
nois, located in St. Clair county, where he fol-
lowed farming until his death, in 1850, his wife
following him the same year.

The education of Frank Dekum was exceed-
ingly limited and almost restricted to the home-
teaching of his mother. Times were hard and
money was very scarce, and Frank, being a
strong, robust, willing lad, w.is I\ept constantly
employed in providing for the riMjuirements of
the family. Those were days when muscle, in-
stead of mind. was regarded as the essential facil-
ity to develop, as the body must be clothed and
fed, regardless of other necessities. Fruiik re-
mained at home until 1848. when he struck out
in life for his own support. Going to St. Louis
he apprenticed himnelf to learn the business of
confectioner, agreeing to remain three years, the

'<ui.

nrsTonr or ohkoox.

liiii:i

first year to receive $;) p«r niDiilli; tlie sucoml
yciir !?4 per inoiitli, mid tlio lliiinl year ijlS per
iiiotitli. IIJH JKuH's (if work iidiiy iiviTiic^cd i"niiii
fifteen to ciglitetMi hours, with no holidiiye, iukI
on Sundiiys lie wiis cxptictod to tittond church in
tlic niorninf^ and iho store in tiio afternoon.

Tiiis ntcrn diecipline inciijratod liuhits of per-
HJutcnt |)ernevenince, wliieii liave followed him
tliro'ii;li iiiii life.

In I'VUruarv, 1H52, witli his friend, l''redriek
iJickel, Mr. I^eknm started for California hy
steamer and the i'anama route, arriving in San
Franeisco Juno 15 of the same year. IIi-
then followed ruining at Fi-encli (Jnlcliaiid Mid-
dletown until March, 185ij, und then returned to
San Francisco, and hy sailing vessel made the
trip to Portland, which was then a town of
al)out 1,500 inhabitants. The entire cash capi-
tal of Mr. Deknni, on arrival, was S2. lie
fonnd emjiloynient at a small liakeiy while
looking over the proBjiects, and then sent to
California for his friend, Fredrick liickel, and
the firm of Dekum & J?iekel was established,
located on Front street, an<l engaged in the am-
fectionery, restaurant and fruit business. I'Vuit
was purchased at Milwaukee from Mr. Llewel-
lyn, the pioneer fruit-grower of Oregon, who
l)rouglit his fruit trees with him across the
plains, and from him originated the " red ap-
]iles " for which Oregon has since bcconu' fa-
iTious. During 1853 the Gloria Miiudi apples
were worth much, being sold as high as §5 each;
Hartlett j)ears S18 per dozen, and cluTries four
bits a dozen. Money was made in this way
very rapidly until fall, when both were taken
sick, and the cash was again reduced. "With
the return of health, business was again con-
tinued, and with the increase of jiopulation and
settlement of the country, thcv gradually ex-
tended — confinint; themsi'lvi's to inanuracturini;
and selling only at wholesale — through Oregon,
Washington ami Idaho, with an extensive and
profitable trade, thus being the leading house of
the class in the Northwest, continuing ntitil
1880, when Mr. Dekum sold his interest to his
partner, and retired from the business. In IHTl
he erected the Dekum building on tli(i corner of
Washington and First streets, being of lirick,
100 feet square and three stories high, and then
considered the finest business block of the State.
In 1872 he built on the corner of Front and A
streets, and in 1875 the "Council building,"
corner of Third and Washington streets, and in
187i) he built his handsome residence on the

block bounded hy Kh^venth and Twelfth, Vani
Jlill and Morrison streets. That jjart of the
city was then slightly improved, an I his res-
ideiu;e was considered years ahead of the times.
In 1880 .Mr. Dekum was one of the incorrior-
ators of the I'ortlainl Savings l!ank, and was
electeil vice-president, \>ith D. I'. Thom|ison
president. The liauk was so prospi'rous and did
such an extensive commercial business thai in
18S(5 they built the Portland Savings liaidi
buililing, corner of Second and Washington
streets, and therein arranged oflices for them-
selves, and alsii organized thr ('ommercial Xa-
tional Hank, with otHces in same building, with
Mr. Dekum as president of the Savings liank.
Hoth banks have continued with nnirked pros-
perity.

In 18112 Mr. Dekum complet('d the nn)nu-
nient of his life, by erecting on the corner of
Third and Washington streets, one of the first
ofiice blocks of the city, termed the "The De-
kum." The building is a 100 feet S(|inire,
the first three stories being of stone, hatidsoine-
ly cut and chased, surmounted l)y five stories
additional of pressed brick and terra eotta.
In 1878 Mr. Dekum was one of the or-
ganizers of the Mechanics' Fair .Vssociation,
whi(di continued very jirosperonsly for about
seven years, and then, because of h'\> advanced
ideas, which were not ajiproved by the directors,
he withdrew and became one of the incorporators
of the North Pacilic Industrial .\ssociati(ui, sub
seiiuently changeil to the Portland Industrial
Ex[)osition, which purchased seven and one. half
blocks. They have erected a handsome build-
ing, 3()0\4()() feet, conveniently divided for ex-
position purposes. In 1SS8 he begat agitating
a movement for the protection and Inipoitation
of singing birds. Proper laws have been made
and many birds imported from (iermany and
other countries, of the thrush, finch and sky-
lark species, and where Nature was once silent
it now resonnds with music. This enterprise
has created much favorable comnu'iit through-
out iMirope and the Pacilic States.

Mr. Dekum was a charter nu'Uiber of the
Oerman Aid Society, organized in 18(15, and has
been Its Treasurer for years. In politicks he is
a Kepuhlican, but has studiously declined any
nomination, though ever active in promoting
wise and good measures in the development of
his adopted city and country. Since twelve
years of his life have been devoted to business,

10:<4

lIIsnUiY oh' (illKniiN.

nnil liJH proHunt 8uccuhs Iiiih Iwcii iittuiiiod liy per-
Hinti'iit cH'oi't, ovcrcuiiiiiif^ iiiiiny olistaoluH, but
with kt'cii foresight iiiiil lioiicst purposes, hiu
ellbrtr- hii\e liuun wi'll rowiirdcd.

I^^HUNAIiU (iOLDSMITll, ii moucy-Kmner
and spi'C'.ihitor mid (jiin of thti Buccussfiil
IjurtiiK^ss men of I'drthiiid, Oregon, was
hiirn in Havariii, (ii'iiiiany, in 1(S;{2, Imh ancoBtry
liavinir ionc^ lict-n resident of that hx-ality. His
fathi>r was a mechanic hy ti'ade, l)nt for many
yoars was engaged in mercantile pursuits.

At tliu agt( of fourteen liernard entered liis
futlier's store and served an apprentice8iii|) to
tiie mercantile husini'sa. In lS18, accompanied
by his hrtit her Solomon, he emigrated to America,
and after landinj,^ in \ew York city wan em-
ployed as clerk there until the fall of \HX\\. At
that time, joininj^ the tide of emif^rati(jn, ho
started for California, via the Isthmus route,
landing in San Francisco in January, 1850. lie
then went to Sacrainent'.i and Marysville, where
h<( clerked for a time. We next find him on the
north fork of the Feather river, where he opened
a ti'ading post an<l remained one year, at the end
of which time he sold out, went to Sonoma, and
there conducteil a similar store until the spring
of 185:i. From that time until 1854 he had a
jewelry store in San Francisco. In 1854 he
opened a ijeneral mercjiandise store at Crescent
City, northern California, and in IS.IS a branch
store in Kogue river valley, both of which he
Continued until 18.")8, when he centcreil his in-
terests in tiie valley and there remaineil until
1800. In 18()0 he came to Portland aiid opened
a jewelry store and assay otHco and traded in
gold dust. Tliis business he carried on until
1807, when, in partnership with his brothers,
Louis and Max. he became interested in an ex-
tensive wholesale dry-goods establishment in
i'ortland. This business was conducted chiefiy
by his brothers, while he gave his attention to
the Ktock business, f)wning 7,000 acres of land in
Linn county and 3.000 acres in Hen ton county,
which was well-stocked with cattle, lie al.so
owned a largr band of cattle in eastern Oregon,
about 8,000 head in all. He was engaged in
the stock business seven yeftrs.

In 187l-'72 Mr. (ioldsmith was one of the
syndicate to organize the Willamette Falls, (Janal
(& I.iOck Coujpany, of which he was president. He

directed the building of tbV'loeln at Oregon
(!ity. Ho was also president of the Willamette
Falls, Canal, i^ock iv Trans|)ortation Company,
which was incorporated in 1872, and which oper-
ated a line of steamers from the head of naviga-
tion on the Willamette river to Astoria. They
built the steamers, Governor ' \ ■)ver, Willamette
(yhiof, CJhampion, Heaver, and barge ('olund)ia
(Jhief. This was the Hrst large freight barge used
for river trattic, it having a carrying capacity of
HOO tons of wheat. Mr. (ioldsmith retired from
this company in 1870, and in 1878 from the
mercantile business. In 1880 he engaged in
speculation and money-loaning, which ho has
continued to tin* present time.

Ho was married in San Francisco, in ISOii, to
Miss Eiiima Frohman, a native of Euro])o, and
to their Union has lieen added s' «'.liildron, whoso
names are as follows: Jae'is S.. Louis .)., Mil-
ton M., Alice H., May E. iu, ' v.. red S.

Mr. Ooldsmith was elected Mayor of I'ortland
in 1870 and served one term. He was elected
Chairman of the Democratic State Central Com-
mittee in 1880, and again in 1890, heing the
present incumbent. He was caucus nominee for
I'nited States Senator at the session held in
January, 1892. Mr. (Toldsmith owns valuable
pro|ierty in i'ortland. As a business man and
citizen he is held in high esteem by all who
know him.

— ^-e^--^ — ' .

fAMES FLETCHER, a prominent and early
resident of McMiniiville, is of English an-
cestry, who were early settlers of Virginia,
where many generations of them wore born and
reared. His grandfather, after whom he was
named, fought on the side of the colonies in
the Revolution. His father, Barton Fletcher,
was born in Kentucky, and was married to Eliz-
abeth Logfedon. a native of the same State.
Her [iiople were pioneers of Kentucky, contem-
porary with Daniel Hoone. Her family located
at Hliielicks, and her father, William Logsdon,
fought in the war of 1812. Barton Fletcher
and wife had eleven children, all but one now
living, and he lived to be fifty years of age, the
youngest of the family being now forty-five
years old. In 18I30 he removed wjth his family to
Missouri, then a new and little inhabited country.
The subject of our sketch was at this time
five years of ag?, and there was not a school

nisroHY oy dhkoun.

10811

nit hill ten milcn of wlicrc liin |)iirt'iit> located,
<'oiis(M|m'iitly, wliuii ho Hrrivi'il iit iimtnrity, ho
liiul not vet Icnriii'il to rciul.

In IHW he inarricil Miss Mary l!ell, an en-
tiiiiiil)le liidy, niid also a native of Kentucky.
She tanj^ht liiin his al|)haliet, and lie then learned
to read. In \H!il, ho piirchuKed a ready reck-
imer, from which he learned the tallies and the
tifjures. tliUH lietoiniiig ai)ie to transact hnfineHS.
iieing niitnrally intelligent and craviiifr knowl-
edge and int'orniation, hin mind responded to per-
Hovering ciTorts, as rich land to tlie care ot the
huahandnian. Appreciating hi.^ natural aliility
and good jndgniont, which were guided hy the
highcBt and hest motives, his fellow-men elected
him .Justice of the Peace, in Missouri, which
otlice he conducttHl in a perfectly satist'actory
manner, impartially and with justice.

JIo and his wife had ten children, all of whom
attained maturity, eight still surviving.

When ho and his faithful wife commenced
life, they were poor, hut hy industry and econ-
omy gradually accumulated a competence. !,ike
many others he lost his property in the civil
war. Missouri furnished soldiers to both sides
of this conflict, and notwithstanding Mr. Fletidier
waa a Democrat, he refrained from taking any
part in the struggle.

At the close of the war he found himself
nearly puimiless, and in 18ti5 came to Oregon
in hopes of imj)roving his condition in this con-
genial climat(* and on this rich soil. Nor was
he mistaken in his judgment, as facts liavo since
amidy proved.

lie located in Yam IJill county, and went in
delit for his land. He worked industriously,
cultivating it, and every winter in grubbing it,
through the heavy rains of that season, until he
had vastly improved the property, and it had
become much enhanced in value. It had cost
him i^lM) an acre, he has since sold a part of
it, 143 acres, for $oi) an acre, and still has 100
acres.

In the {"all of 1889 he came to McMlnnville,
where he purchased city ami suburban property,
and engaged in the real-estate business, in which
he has been very successful. When quite young,
he had engaged in the business of selling prop-
erty at auction, and has made the auction busi-
ness a specialty all his life. In this he is very
successful, being considered one of the best in
this part of the co\iutry. !Ie and his son are
botli engaged in the busiiu's.-, and their services
are in demand for many miles around.

His faithful wife, the |iartiicr of his joys and
cares for twenty-nine year?-, dieil in IXIT). She
wu. awoiminof rare intelligence and activity,
and possessed many charms of character and per
eon. Her extremi< amiability endeared her to
all who knew her, while her more ,-l('rlingi|Uali-
ties Contributed to retain the risjicctful cstecun
of all. Her loss was sincerely lameiiteil liy her
family and a large numbeiof fricn<ls.

The children were as follnw.-; I'^li/alieth. now
the wife of Mr. Wesley Simler, resides in Mc-
Minnville; Mary Ann, married Mr. .John U.
Longacre, and five years after her marriage,
died; Charlotte died in Missouri, aged tifteeii;
Sarah is now the wife of Mr. Andrew .1. .Smith,
and resides in Washington; Lcviiia is the wife
of Mr. ticorire I'axter, aud resides in MciMinu-
ville; iMnnui ('. is the wife of Mr. liiley Smith,
and resides three miles from McMinnville;
Kosie is at home; W. II., John M. and .lames,
all reside in the vicinity. In 1875 Mr. Fletcher
married Mrs. (!atliarine Cook, widow of Mr.
David Cook. She had two children, wliich they
have reared. Mr. Fletcher is a dyed-in-the-
wool Democrat, indorsini,' moat em|ihatically,
as he has idways done, the princiiile.-. of that
jiarty, which jirinciples cominend them.'-ehes to
liih best judgment.

Given ability and force of character, it is not
difKcidt to prophesy the result when the combi-
nation is governed by good judgnuMit and crir-
rect princi])le8. Such may serve as a description
of Mr. Flet(dier, who, umiided and untrained,
has ifrown in all in'eiitness of charactiM- mikI
strength if mind, besides accumulating ail
abundance of this world's yoods.

♦!♦•#-«

^KORGK GITIIKNS. a representative |)io.
neer farmer of Clackamas county, came to
<jjn < )regon in 1852.

He was born iii Indiana, March 15, 1S28, a
descendant of Fnglish and Welsh ancestors.
Ilisgrandfather, George <;itlieii>. who was born in
Kiiglaiid,eniigrateil to the State of New Jersey,
and there mai'ried a C^iiaUer la<ly. Their son,
Samuel A. (iithens, was born in New Jersey,
and he married Miss .(ane Dwarf, a native of
Philadelphia. They had twelve children, of
whom tive are -till living, George iieing the
iiftli born.

The suiiject of our sketch was rearid to niiiii-
hood on ills father's farm in Rush county. In-

loao

II18T0BT OF ORKGON.

'4l

(liana, :iiiil waH married Aufjiist -4. 1848. to Miss
Jane Sroiit. Willi his wife and two sons, Will-
iam and liandoljjli. now t'arnuirs of Linn county,
Orcj^iMi, ho I'roised tlm jilains to tliiu State, in
1852, making the journey in the UHtial way
with oxen. Tliey started from their home in
Indiana Fehrnary 9. came as far as St. Joseph,
Misiionrl, l)y steam, and there purchased an outfit
and stiirti'<l with a company of 100 mtii, women
and children. While they were en route that
dnvid disease, cholera, attacked them, and six of
their company die<l. They also, in xarious
ways, lost some of tiieir stock. Mr. (-rithena
arriveil in ( )regon (Jctoi)er (], 1852. and on the
8tli of the foUowinir I'ehruary his wife died.
Afterward, leaving his children with a Mr.
Wade, he went to the sound, and was eiignired in
cutting saw-l(i<^s. In theearly part of 1854 he
spent three months in the f^old mines of Cali-
fornia, hut his "hick" was not good, and he re-
turned to OrefToii. In 1S55 he married Miss
Mary A. Ilowlett. They had eif»ht chiidron,
live of whom died, the others heini; as follows:
Henry A., a farmer of Clackamas county; .lohn.
a resident of Hiiililand: and Iraetta, now Mrs.
E. Graves, of Maxliurg. Mr. Kithens" marringr
to his present wwV occurred Dccemher 12. 1882.
Mrs. (iitchens wa^ horn in l''ond du Luc. Wis-
consin. December 22, 1^52, daujrhter of Miles
Oriley, and was first married to JacohS. Landis.
who died, lea\iug her with on*, daughter. Ada,
now the wife .^f EiUvard Burnett.

Mr. Cithiiis haii worked hard and prospereil.
He now has one o' the iiuest farms in his part
of the ciunty. It is well improved with good
linildiui^s and orchard, and from his |)leasant
home a magnificent view (>*' grand <dd Mount
Hood is obtained. In addition to his farming
operations, lie liiis for the past nine years been
engaged in sawmillinir. He is a self-ntado
man, and is justly deserving of the snccesB he
has attainoii in his adopted State. He is a
member of the Ohristiun ('huroli, dud in poli-
ties is a Demo(Tat.

'li~* VW% '^

I^EVI ESTES.— For upward of fortv years
Ttrfi I'Cvi Estes has Ijeon engaged in milling
^5?r and lumbering interests in the city of
Portland, and to-day is the pioneer, by right of
])rinritv. in ttie business, lie was liorn in (Jor-
nisb, Maine, July 21), 182i). His tAther, Jona-
than Kates, was born on the same Uomestead.

where his grandfather had settled in the early
history of the State. Jonathan married
Eunice Parker, of that State and towiisliip, and
they followed an agricultural life. To them
were born twelve cliildren, seven aons and five
daughters.

Onr subject passed his boyhood at home, at-
tending to the farm duties and improving his
educational opportunities, as offered him at that
early day. In 1846 lie struck out in life, went
to Ijoston, and was employed there as a driver
of a truck until 1849, when he started for Min-
nesota, going by rail to Buffalo, thence by
steamer to Chicago, by stage to (Talena, and
then up the Mississippi river to Minneapolis,
where he lambed and engaged in the lumber
business. Early in 1850 he deoidetl to push
farther west. He therefore started for (Jali-
fornia, via steamer and the Isthmus, landing in
San Francisco laniiary 1'7. 1851. As was the
cuBtoni of all emigrants of that jieriod, he went
to the mines near Sonora, and followed mining
about one year, but striking no rich pockets,
the expenses conBiiniing the receipts, while yet
even he decided to withdraw. He then re-
tarnc<l to San Francisco, anil came to Portland,
via steamer, arrivinij June 7, 1852. He then
fotind employment in a lumber-yard at the foot
of Madison street, where he was engaged for
two years, then buying the site he erected
thereon a saw and planing mill, which he oper-
ated very successfully, until the fire of 1878,
wiien his plant and stock were consumed to a
financial loss of $120,000. In 1871 he began
ii large mill at the foot of V street, which he
completed in 1873, and after ojjerating it for
two years, he sold it to iSen IloUaday for 865,-
000. Since 1875 he has occupied many mills
in various localities, buying iniildings, trading
and manufacturing, but always continuing in
the lumber business, in connection with what-
ever other scheme he might happen to have on
hand.

He was married in Portland, in 1802, to Miss
Jennie Munsell, daughter of Samuel Munseil.
Mr. and Mrs. Estee have had five children,
namely; Amy, wife of .Vrthur Von llhein;
Mary. Edward L., Harry and a child who died.
Another member of the family, who plays quite
an important part in the hearts of his relatives,
is the little grandson, Charlea Von llhein.

The same year as his marriage Mr. Estes
built his n'sidence, cdrner of Fil'tl) aiul Salmon
streets, which ho has continuously occupied

Ih.

if '^'1

't I i^i!

*ilj

f::'^inj i

^^yU.:^//^

B H

nisTonr of onKooy.

10:17

ever since. He has been an fxteiisivo dealer in
improved ])roperty, i)uyiiig bare land and build-
ing residences for sale or rent. lie brought to
the Pacifie coast the enei-j^y and thrift of New
England, and by honest, persistent ett'ort he has
rea|)ed a merited iinancial reward, and is hiijbly
respected throufrhont the community with
which he has been connected for bo inniiy years.

^APTAIN JOSKIMl KKLL()(;«, a veiier-
abl<; citizen, of Portland, Oregon, well
Isiiown as a steamboat and transpoitatioii
man, is ranked with the early settlers of this
State, ho having made his appearance here as
early as 1848. The following facts in regard
to his life and ancestry ha\e been gleaned, and
it is with pleasure we ])ivseiit them on the iiaires
of this volume.

The lirst of the Kelloggs arrived in America
in lO-lO, (Captain Ivellogg's grandfather. Joseph
Kellogg, was iiorn in Vermont, and at St. Al-
bans, that State, Septomber 4, 17'.l2, Orrin Kel-
logg, the Captain's liither, was born. The lat-
ter was married, Noveinber 19. 1811, to Miss
Margaret ]\Iiller, a native of Canada, and a
descendant of English ancestors, who came to
this country in the ship, Vulcan, in 1030. Some
of her forefathers j)articipated in the Revolu-
tionary war. Mr. and Mrs. Kellogg were de-
tained in Canada during the war of 1812, and
there, June 24, 1812, the subject of our sketch
was born, liy an act of Congress, he, with
other children similarly circumstanced, were
declared citizens of the United States. After
the war they moved back across the liorder and
settled near where I.ockport, New Vork, now
stands, i)iit soon moved to Ohio and established
their home iieai' the Ma'imco river, wiiere they
reared their children. Of their family of twelve,
only four are now li\ing: all in Oregon.

Ill 1847 the Kellogg family crossed the plains
to Oregon. Included in the family at that time
were two marrie(l sisters and their husbands,
Uaniel and Sylvester Hathaway, besides our
subject and his wife and two sons, Orrin and
Charles II., he having married, Se|)tember 2B,
1818, Miss lOstella Ijushnell, who was born at
Litchfield, New York, February 22, 1818.
They left Wood county, Ohio, .November 24,
1847, witli horse teams. At Cincinnati they
shipped by steainer to St. Louis, and from there
drove to St. .loseph, whoio they wintered. In

May a company of thirty wagons jtarted on the
li>ng and peril')ns journey across the ])lains.
TIk^V had covered wagons ami were provided
with tin stoves and all the arms and provisions
I needed for such a jourm^y. The Indians were
very troublesome that year. The emigrants
had exchanged their horses for oxen, which they
brought safely through, excepting one ox, whicii
escaped from them in the Cascade mountains.
They had in I heir team a yoke of cows which
did good service, providing them, in addition,
with milk. .\fter our emigrant friends left
civilization, they found the journey they had
undertaken a most hazardous one, as they were
ill constant danger, both night and day, of sur-
prise and ca|)turt! by the Indians, and the fact
that their wives and children were in such im-
minent danger caused these brave men to exer-
cise their greatest couiiige and foititude. They
made nearly tweiiry fixe miles a day, and ar-
rived at Alilwaiikee, Oregiiii, September S. 184S.
Cpou their arrival in Oregdii, the heads id'
the several families took im donation claims ot
G4() acres ea(di, all adjuiiiing, on which they
enacted cabins, and began pioneer life in the
wilds of what is now the beautiful State of Ore-
gon, with a population to-day of 325,(100. Thc»
subject of our sketch being a inillwright by
trade, erected the first iiu'reliaiit lloiiriiig mill
ever built in the State. lie also biiilt sever.-il
of the fnvt sawmills of that time, thus being one
of the most valuable pioneer> in the founding
and developing of the State. His land- joined
that of Lot Whiteoin. at Milwaukee, with whom
and William Tori-onee, he laiil out the town site
of what they lit)|icd would be the inetropoli.s of
the State. Ths Ciiptain built a sawmill there
and also a schooner. The latter the linn loaded
with provisions from the adjoining farms, took
it to California, and there sold bolli vesstd and
cargo, and with the proceeils they bought the
brig, Forest, which they used in the lumber
trade between Oregon and (California. Lumber
in Sacramento was at that time worth i^'lW a
l.OOO feet. The firm soon made money enoiigii
to purchase tlieiiark, Louisiana, which was fitted
with eiigine> and boilei> and tli(! (Muniilete out-
fit of a steamer. In the ^pring of I'^oO th(!y
began to eonstriiet the steainer Lot VVhitcom.
whicli was the first large steam craft ever built
in Oregon. They launclieil this boat on Christ-
mas day of that year. Captain Kellogg lieing
one of the owners of the boat, as widl as of tli(>
site of the new city of Milwaukee. They ran

/<\

103S

niSTORr OF OREOON.

' 1 !,

\\ n

^ ! Ur

tlic boat l)et\veeii Milwiinkec atid Astona I'ur
i-evcral ycfirs, after wliieli fliey sold it in iSaii
Fraticinco. Later ('n|itaiii l\cllof;g witlnlrew
i'roin the tiiin, forming a partnership witli I'rad-
hnry and Kildy, toj^ctlier urcc.liiig tiio Standard
Flour Milln, wliieli for years wero the inost cx-
k'nsive in tlie State.

In lS(iiJ the Rteanicr, Senator, was liiiilt liy
("aptain Ivfllogg, and was afterward sold by
liiin-toliie lVople'8 Transportation Goin|)aiiy,
ivitli which company lio became connected in
18f>4. He superintended the building of the
basin above tlie falls, in 18G7. wiiicli proveil of
great value in facilitating the navigation of tlie
river. He was also connected with Captain
Pease in the first navigation of the Tiialitin
river with tlie little steamer, Onward, and they
also constructed the canal between that river and
Slicker Lake, making it possible to bring freight
to Oswego and thence to the Willamette river.
Captain Kellogg also hiid out the town of Os-
wego. In 18T0 the People's Transportation
Company sold out to Hen Holladay, and soon
afterward the Willamette Transjiortatioti Com-
pany was forinod, of which Captain Kellogg be-
came vice-president and director. His coiii-
iiany built the steamers. Governor Grover and
leaver, the construction of which was superin-
tended by tlie nuViject of our sketcli. It was
soon after this that he sold out liis interest in
the Willamette Transportation Company and
the boats, and formed a new transportation com-
pany with his lirother, Jason, anil his two sons.
He then built the lieautiful steamers, Joseph
Kellogg and Toledo, and placed his lioats on
the Coluniliia, on the line to Washoiigal and
the ("owlitz river. His two sons, Captains Or-
rin and Charles II., were jiut in command of
these boats, and they navigated the Cowlitz
river far up into the heart of Washington, it
becoming one of the most jiopular and paying
lines oil the Columbia river. This firm is in-
cor|)(irBted as the .fosi-ph Kellogg Transporta-
tion Company, the nu'inbers being himself and
his son, Orrin.

Of the Captain's children, we record that he
had one other child, Harvey, who dieil in in-
fancy. Charles IL, when ([iiite young became
a ca|)taiii and pilot, and as such was both capa-
Ide anil popular. Near the close of his life he
was associated with his father and brother in
the company above referred to, and was coiii-
inander of the rloseph Kellogg at the time'of

his death, which occurred .\ugu8t 7, 1889.
The other son, Orrin, is one of the most capalilc
pilots and captains on the Oregon rivers, not
even excepting his father, who has had no
superior. Captain Orrin Kellogg has been a
|)roininent factor in the iin[)roveinent of the
('owlitz river. His company has done much by
facilitating navigation of the rivers, toward in-
ducing the settletnent of that ])art of the
country, and the iiuilding of several towns in
that section. Cajitaiii Orrin Kellogg is married
and has three children. Ho owns a beautiful
home, situated by the side of his father's, at
.No. -I()8 Second street, his father's being "20(1.

The senior captain has had a long and suc-
cessful career here. He began to run boats on
the river long before there was a pilot commis-
sioned, being one of the first to receive a pilot's
license, now holding the unique position of the
oldest river pilot here. The wife of his youth,
who crossed the plains with him in 1848, and
who has shared his joys and sorrows for the past
forty-eight years, is still spared to cheer his de-
clining years.

Captain Kellogg is a respected member of
the Pioneer Society of the State, and also of
the Veteran Society. As a member of the Ma-
sonic fraternity ho has gained distinction in
the West. And in this connection, we clip from
a leading newspaper the following fraternal tri-
bute, penned by Edwin A.. Sherman, at Oakland,
California, July 1;

'• I learn with pleasure that Hon. Joseph Kel-
logg has been appointed Vice-President for Ore-
gon, of that eminent body of distinguished
Masons, the Masonic Veteran Association, to
succeed the late and lamented Christopher Tay-
lor, who had continually held that office for
nearly twelve years, up to the time of his death,
and who was the first to receive the degrees of
Masonry on the Pacific coast, and in Multno-
mah Lodge, No. 1, at Oregon City, formerly Xo.
8f, under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge
of Missouri. Hon. Joseph Kellogg, with his
father, the late Orrin Kellogg, received the
charter of that lodge from I'ierre H. Cornwall,
at Fort Hall, while crossing the plains in the
summer of 1848, and safely delivered it to the
Worshipful Master, Joseph Hull, September 11,
of that year, at Oregon City, who, with the as-
sistance of the Kelloggs, father and son, and
others, opened the lodge on that day in due
form, being the first lodge establishbd west of

IlISTOIli' OF ORKaOS.

10R9

the Missouri river and tlio Kocky inomitains.
Cliristoplior Taylor was tiie Hrst to receive tile
(legrees iiiuler its cliarter.

••It was a titling close of a well-spent life, full
of civic and Masonic honors, that Brother Tay-
lor should, on St. John the Ikptist's day, as the
sun was sinkinij beneath the wrinkled hosoni of
the broad I'acitic. enter into his eternal rest.
And it was a remarkable coineideiiee that it
should also be the birthday of J3rother .loseph
Kellogg, who attained to the age of four score
years on June 24, 18it2, and whose appointment
as I ho successor of Brother Taylor is directed to
be:ir date to comuieniorate both tiiesc events.
Wo ail congratulate Brother Kellogg on his ap-
pointment as a just recognition of his eminent
service rendered to Freeniasonry forty-four years
ago, and which iiuve been continued from that
tiTue to the present. Long may he live to wear
and enjoy las honors.''

tRiS B. ESTES, M. D., practitioner in the
jntl city of Asto ia, was l)orn in Savannah,
Missouri, April 28, 1854. His parents,
Woo'lson S. and Klizal)eth E. (Wilson) Estes,
were uatives of Missouri and Kentucky, re-
spectively. Joel S. Estes, the grandfather of
our subject emigrated from Kentucky to Mis-
souri, iu 182'.l, and was one of the first Baptist
ministers in the newly settled district of the
Platte purchase. Woodson S. Estes engaged iu
mercantile life in St. Josvjpli, Missouri, in
184y, and latei' located in southwest Iowa and
built the first tinsliop, and cut the first sheet of
tin in that part of the State, Snbse(|ucutly re-
turning to Missouri, he settled at Camden
Point, and as Postmaster and mer»'hant he con-
tinned in trade until the firing upon Foit
Spuiter, when liis fan'.iiy escaptnl to Illinois,
and he joined the Eighteenth Missouri Infantry
and was appointed Lieutenant. He followed
active service unti the battle of Shiloh, where
he was woundod, and was snbsecjuently mus-
tered out with the rank of Major. Entering
the recruiting service, he was sent to Chi-
cago, and there I'emained until the dose of the
Mar, when ho joined his family at Mount
Pleasant. Iowa, and tlipn engaged in bnsi'iess
until 1H69, when he removed to southwestern
Iowa, where he still resides.

OiiT subject was educated in the public
schools of his district and at Prof. Samuel
Howe's (College, at Mount Pleasant, lie com-
menced the study of medicine at Corning, Iowa,
and graduateil from tluf College of Physicians
and Surgeons, now the Ainsworth Aledical Col-
lege, at St. Joseph, Missouri, in 1882. He be-
gan to practice in St. Joe, and in 1883 went to
Silver lleef, Utah. From there lu^ journeyed
to Ketchum, Idaho, ami while in that town was
honored with the oth\e of County Coroner of
Alturas county, wh'ch posirion he tilled with
great credit. Here ho remained until Novem-
ber, 188."), when ho came to Astoria, and en-
tered at once into the field of healing the sick.
In February, 1887, he was appointed, by (iov-
ernor Penuoyer, Health OtKcerof the Port of
Astoria, and served in that eapacity four years,
at the same time following a general practice
in medicine and surgery, in which he has built
uj) a very successful business.

Dr. Estes was married in St. Joseph, Mis-
souri, Docemlier 19, 1879, to Miss Allie Hut-
ton, native of Iowa, and to this union have been
horn four children, namely: Pearle, Lula,
Frankie, and Hazel.

I)i'. Estes fraternizes with the I. (). O. F.,
K. of P.. li. 1'. O. E., and A. (). U. W., ami in
his i)roi'essinii enjoys the contidence and re-
spect of the citizens of Astoria.

A M II E L E L M () R E, proprietor of the
I'nion Cannery, of Astoria, was born in
Lloyd, Ulster count\, Xew ^'ork, in ISI7.
His iiarents, R. P. and Magdaline (Eltini,'e) El-
.iiore, were natives of Connecticut and New
York, respectively, but subse(]Uently settled at
Lloyd on the IIuilsou river, and tlu're Mr. El-
more conducted a general merchandise store up
to 18"i7, when he removed ids family to Milwau-
kee, Wisconsin, and there established a coai-
yard, shipping tlio first barge load of coal into
that harbor. He has continued the bneiiiess, and
though now seventy-nine years of age, is stiU
actively engaged. He has nexer entered t!ie
political arena, but in philanthropic interests
he has been .i munificent giver, and is a trustee
of the Lawrence University at Appleton, to
which he has rendered substantial snjjport.

Samui^l Klmore was educated in the schools of
Milwaukee, comjileting his stiidiys i^t the Law-

€

1010

HISTORY OF OHKGON.

I i^■

reiK't' University and (icncsec (lollei^e ut liiiim,
Now Yoi'li. I)iirii)ir the tirst years of the civil
war he was active in the ri'crutinjj; Rervicc, and
in 18t)4, thoiii^ii still iin<ier a<i;e. he enlisted and
was mnstei'ed in at Milwaukee, and was cotn-
niissioiu'd as First-Lieutenant of (Company F,
Fifty-first Wisconsin Infantry, and was assigned
to tiu' Army of the Cumberland, and later to the
r)('|iartniont of ^[issouri. The regiment vas
very active in service and continued until Oc-
tober, 181)5. and was then mustered out. He-
turning to his home, he engaged in business
with his father up to IStjfi, and then went
to New York and embarked for California, via
the J'anama route, landing at San Francisco,
Juno 12, 18(5(i. haudini^ with but slender means
and no friends, immediate enij)loyinent was
necessary, and proceeding by the night boat' to
Sacramento, he secured employment as brake-
man upon the Central Pacific railroad. This
he followed for several months, then desiring a
higher occupation, ho resigned and found em-
ployment as a bookkeeper in a wholesale gro-
cery in Sacramento, and remained for two years,
and then accepted the jiosition of secretary of
the Oneida j^old mine in Amador county, tilliiig
the ottico until 1809, when he returned to Mil-
waukee, but after one year again visited Cali-
fornia anil purchased an interest in the Oakland
Smeltinij & Lead CoiTipany. The attention of
Mr. Klmore was directed toward the canning of
salmon, through his connection with the com-
mission house of Loveridge. Wadham & Com-
pany, of San Francisco, who were extensive
shippers of canned ffoods to Australia, Sand-
wicli islands and (iermany.

In 1878 Mr. Elmore engagcil in the com-
mission business and haniiled tli(> entire product
of the cannery of U. D. Holmes, besides hand-
ling Kastern products. In the ejiring of 1881
he came to Astoria, built a small caimery, pur-
cliasi'd fifteen boats, with necessary tackle, and
during the season packed 8,000 cases of salmon.
Increasing bis busiiiesfi as experience and cir-
cumstances permitted, he reached an output of
17,000 cases in 1885, and in 1880 he built his
present cannery, where the annual pack has been
increased to 37.0(10 cases of four dozen cans to
each ease. His boats and nets have correspond-
ingly increased, until he employs about 35(t men
in fishing and 100 men in the cannery. lie
also has a cannery on Kuin island. Chatham
straits, Alaska; oiu' on Garibaldi, on Tillamook
bay, and one on Florence on the Siiislaw river;

each with an annual output of 20,000 cases. Mr.
Elmore nnikes a specialty of ])acking for the
United States market. In 188li he entered into
partnership with (ieorge W. Sanborn, and
formed the firm of Elmore, Sanborn & C( m-
lany, a commission house, and engaged in
uindling canned salmon and canners' supplies.
Mr. Elmore was married in Oakland, Cali-
fornia, in 187(), to Miss Mary E. Ilurd, a native
of Michigan. The issue from this union is:
Susie II., Floretta A. and Magdaline E. Mr.
Elmore is the I'ost Commander of the Cushing
I'ost, No. 14, G. A. U., and ex-Mayor of the city
of Astoria. Executive in business and genial in
his social relations, he commands the respect
of all who know him.

im^^

^^^

AMUEL E. WltENX, one of the most en-
terprising manufacturers of Portland,
Oregon, is a native of JiOudoun county,
Virginia, where he was born July l',l, 1855.

Hi.'; father, Philip Wrenn, was a native of
Fairfax county. Virginia, whose ancestors camo
from England with Lord Fairfax, who located
in the county which was named after him, and
Mr. Wrenn's people, were, therefore, among the
earliest settlers of the Old Dominion. Mr.
Philip Wrenn married ^liss Susan Vermillion,
a native of Virginia, who also belonged to one
of the old families of that State, (irandfather
Charles Vermillion was a soldier in the war of
1812. Mr. and Mrs. Wrenn had ten children,
all but one now living, and most of them still
residing in Virginia.

The subject of our sketch was reared and ed-
ucated in his native State. On the death of his
father ho managed the home farm for a time,
after which he was engaged in the grocery busi-
ness in Washington, and later was employed in
the public workf. of that city. He then traveled
in Illinois and Missouri, finallv cominif to Ore-
gon.

Arrived in the latter place, he first engaged
in the butcher business, after which he was in a
dry-goods and general nu'rchandise store at Cor-
vallis, and later was engaged at his trade in East
Washington. He also sjient some time in Pidk
county, Oregon, and in 1883, came to Portland,
where, in 1885, he stai'ted the Multnomah Hox
Factory, in a small way, from time to time ad-
ding to his facilities, until now lie has one of

nfsrnny of onmos.

l04i

thu largewt maiinfactories in - tlie Nortliwest,
wliii'li iniikes and sliips nil kinds of boxes, send-
injj somo of their ooods as far as CaliFdrnia.
while they supply various other portions of the
Northwest with ifoods in tlieir line. In 18!)()
the Muitnoinaii I'ox Company was incorpnnited
l)y Mr. Wrenn, Mr. Charles Sliire and Mr. I,.
11. Hreckle. Later Mr. Sliire died, and Mr.
Wrenn bought Mr. lireekle's interest, thus be-
cominiT the |)rincipal owner, and is now presi-
dent of the com jiany and mannirei' of the busi-
ness, whiel), in itself, is sufficient proof of his
superior ability.

lie was nuirried, in ISS"). to Miss Katie Johns,
an estimable lady, a native of Oregon and a
daughter of (leorire S. tlohns, who came to Ore-
gon in 1S5(I. They have three children, all
born in Poi'tland: Samuel Ashby, Monltree
Franklin and Theressa.

Mr. Wrenn is politically a Democrat, but, al-
though interested in the welfare of his State and
country, he is too deeply engaged in jirivate
matters to be mnch of a politician in the general
acce])talion of the term.

He is a prominent member of the Woodsmen
and of the A. (). U. W.. in the success of both
of which he takes a personal interest.

Of rare bnsinesa and exec\itive ability, unim-
peachable probity, and excessive activity, he has
hewn a fortune and a brilliant career out of the
rnde possibilities of the Northwest, and is de-
serving of the universal esteem of bis fellow-
men.

'^■^■^

»sEXRV KVERDlN(r. shipping and com-
mission merchant, Portland, Oregon, was
born in the Kingdom of Hanover, Ger-
many, in 1833. His ancestors were residents of
that place for many generations, and were en-
gaged in agricultural pursuits. The subject of
our sketch was educated in his native land, and
was reared to habits of thrift an<i industry.
After the death of his father, in ISoO, liis mother
and her four children, Henry being one of the
number, emigrated to tiie United States and
settled near Cincinnati. He was employed as
clerk in a grocery and hardware store in that
city, and also passed some time at Moro, near
Cincinnati, where he learned the principles of
manufacturing starch. Karly in lNi55 young
Everding struck out in life on his own responsi-
bilities, seeking his fortune in the far West.

Coming via the Isthmus of I'Hiiama, ho landed
at San Francisco the following May. Tliere he
started a small factory for the manufacture of
starch from wheat, which he continued for four
years, and then sold out. He next pureiiased
3(11) acres of laml near Snii I'ablo and engaged
in the stock bnsiTiess, being thus successfully
engaged until ISflf, when, through the rapid
settlement of the country, fi'ce grazing i)ecame
limited, he sold out and removed to Portland.

(Vfter coming to Portland Mr. I']verding
fornieil a copartnership with Edwin Heche, under
the firm name of Everding iV; lieebe, o[ietied a
store on the corner of Front and Taylor streets,
and engaged in the purchase and sale of grain
and country produce, shipping to the San Fran-
cisco market. This was carried on quite exten-
sively until the death of Mr. Heebe, in 1S8().
Sin<'C that date Mr. Everding has operated the
business alone. With the growth of the city,
the store has l)een moved farther north, and he
iu)\v occupies a sale aiul storage room, 50 >; KHI
feet, at 45 and 47 Front street, where he has
been located for thirteen years. He also handles
large (|uantities of hay and grain through out-
side warehouses. He handles feed, thnir and
staple groceries, and wool and hides on commis-
sion.

He was married in Portland, in 1870 to .Miss
Therese Harding, a native of (Jernnmy. They
reside at 301 Eleventh street, Mr. Everding
having built iis residence here in lS8(i.

lie is a member of the I. O. O. P., and also
of the F. & A. M., lia\ ing passed all the chairs
of the blue lodge. Royal Arch and Knight
Templar degrees. In jwlitics he takes little
interest. l»y all who know him he is recog-
nized as a nnm of the strictest integrity, and dur-
ing his bnsiness career has endeared iiiniself to
a large circle of acrjHaintances.

fOIIN EWllY, an Oregon pioneer of 1853,
was born at La Fayette, Indiana, in 1831. a
son of John and Mary (Shell) Ewry. natives
of Pennsylvania and Ohio, reppeetively. Mr.
Ewry was one of the early merchants of La
Fayette, and there passed a life (jf usefulness;
he and his wife are l)otli deceased. 'I'bey had a
family of nine children, eight of whom arc now
living, John Ewry being the second in order of
birth. He received his early education in the

1042

ntSTOHY OF OlinOON.

coimiKiii hcIiooIh (if liib iiiitivc town, and ill the
ii{j;e ol' twelve yeara went to li'ttrn the clmir anil
ealiiut't iiiaker'H trailc, whiuli lie t'oUowed seven
years. Ho tlien remdved to Delphi, Indiana,
where lie continned the same business. There
he wan married to Mary (.'iillar, and in 1852 lie
hliirted to the (iolden West, iiis more ohjective
point being < )rci^on. Arrivino; at Council i>lnlTs,
he passed t.'ie winter there, and in the spring of
IHTiA eontinueil the journey; he had hve yok((
of o.xen, and after a long and weary march
reached Portland, September 10, IfS-jS, witiiout
unusual incident. The rainy season was on,
his supplies were exhausted, and he was obliged
to do any work that offcu-ed. Jle began digging
potatoes, taking potatoes in payment as tiiere
was no money in tlie country, lie gradually
worked into his trade tlirough nniking the most
of opportunities tliat were ])reseiited, but in 185")
he joined Company A, under Captain Wilson,
and passed tlu^ winter in suppressing the Indian
outbreak in eastern Oregon. lie was in one
tight which lasted four days without cessatior,, the
Indians using Hint-lock guns. These weapons
wei'e incompetent, as the iSOO whites suppressed
the 1, >")()() warriors.

In the spi'ing of 185<i iVlr. Kwry returned to
Portland, and again took u|) his ti'iide, which he
followed until 185S. lie then opened an under-
taking department in connection with his trade,
which he ('onducted for thirty-two years, retiring
in December, 18U0. In the early history of the
country he attendeil the funerals throughout
this section, averaging about thirty a year.
During these years he has had business relations
with A. Vj. Deresfonl, Horatio Cook, and Delin
A; (liarnat, and for years was the leading under-
taker of the city. He has also bad some lumber
and shipping irterests, but these investments
have not brought great success. After the
death of his first wife he was married a second
time, in August, 1857, to Miss Jane Spencer, a
native of Iowa, and a danghtei'of Tiiomas Spen-
cer. Ili'r father emigrated to Oregon with his
wife and nine chihlren in the sjiring of 1852.
On the way the company were stricken with
cholera, and the father and two children died on
the plains. Mrs. Spencer, wit' the seven sur-
viving children, pushed on to the journey's com-
pletion, and settled in Washington Territory,
where thuy endured the jirivations of pioneer
lite; the mother reared the children, and having
tiilHlled her mission jtassed on into another life,
in 1887.

In 188(t Mr. Kwry bought five acres in the
woods and brush near the present site of Wood-
stock; this he has recently cleared, and has
erected a handsome cottage residence. He and
his wife havea family of four children: Annie E.,
(/Iiarles, George, and Frank., lie has a fund of
incidents and anecdotes relating to life on the
frontier. He bravely bore his part in the battle
with the conditions whicli Nature had left to bo
overcome before the march of civilization could
reach to the seas and beyoad, and by a life of
the strictest integrity and thoi'ongh business
methods he has made a modest fortune, honestly
earned and richly tlesei .ed.

-=**<

«M^-€*-?^-3--

fOLONEL F.W. FOLSO.M was born in Cale-
donia county, \'ermont, in 1828, a son of
.lames and Luey (Sanborn) Folsom. natives
of Massachusetts and New Hampshire, respect-
ively. T'he father was a farmer by occupation,
and carried on a tlonrishitig dairy business. He
passed the most of his life in Vermont, and be-
came one of the solid and substantial men of the
State. Colonel Folsom renniined at home until
eighteen years of age. securing his education at
the Caledonia and Brownington Academies. In
1840 he left home and went to Lowell, Massa-
chusetts, where ho embarked in the produce
commission business. Two years latei' he started
westward, and passed the winter in Van Huron
county, Iowa. In the spring of 1851 he went
to IMatte county, Missouri, and took up teach-
ing; he was employed in the common sebools,
and also taught vocal nmsic at Camden Point
College. He was married March 17, 1853, to
Miss Nancy Harris, a native of Missouri, who
snrvivi'd but two years, leaving one child, a
daughter, name<l Uosetta. who is now deceased.
Colonel Folsom started to Calitornia in 1857,
nniking the journey with three ox teams, and
consnminij; six months of time. On the Hum-
boldt river be had a skirmish with the Snake
Indians, and a ritli' ball passed through his vest;
but no men were killed, and he landed at Hanij-
town with his herd of sixty hve head of cattle
complete, with the exce|)tion of one animal that
gave out on the plains. .Vfter selling his live-
stock be went on to San Franci.sco, and thence
by steamer went to Portland, where he arrived
in November, 1857. Soon after he took a con-
tract to superintend the sowing of a large acre-

Ill STORY OF OltKUUS.

1048

ago of grain for the supply of the Government
troops at tlio forti", and in tiii' sprinfj; tollowing
lie loi'ated at Eugene; iiurc lie tangiit school and
also carried on agricultural pursuits, in 18(51
he was offered a jxisition in the office of the
Burvevor-general, which he tilled until ls(53.
Ho then organized the Lancaster Light Cavalry,
of which he was elected Captain, heing <'omi-
inissioned hy A. C. Gibbs, the war Governor of I
Oregon. In the fall of \.HfS\ he organized the
Springfield and Cottage (irovc Cavalry, iind
Kugene Infantry, forming the Third Regiment,
Second Brigade. In a competitive drill at the
State Fair the Lancaster (Jompany was awarded
the first prize of $200. Captain Folsom evinced
such skill in the training or the men that he was
commissioned Colonel of the Third llegiiiient.
In the fall of 186-i he was appointed Division
Assessor of liiiin. Lane and ik'iiton counties for
the Internal Uovenue Uepartment, and subse-
([uently all of the southern portion of Oregon
was iiiclu<liHl in his district; he continued in
service until 1871, when he removed to .Junction
('ity ])reciiict. 'Hero he owned 320 acres of
land, to which he added another tract of e(|ual
size, and began the pursuit of agriculture; about
300 acres were annnally sown to grain, and a
general farming business was skillfully con-
ducted.

(/aptain Folsom was married in Eugene, in
1800, to Miss FlKebeGale, adaughter of William
Gale, a pioneer of tlie early 'oOs; she dieil in
1870, leaving two children, both of wdioin have
since passed away. In 1871 the Colonel was
married to Miss Laura Crow, adaughter of.lohn
Crow. They now reside at Junction (Hty, at
the corner of Twelfth and Juniper streets. I'oliti-
callv, Colonel Folsom adheres to the princi[ile8
of the Uepublican party. In his religious faith
he is a Unitarian, and he belongs to the Masonic
order. He was elected Mayor of Junction City
in 1880, and served continuously for four years.
He is recognized as one of the ablest and most
loyal citizens, and has the respect of all who
know iiim,

■ i :.-^|3'»} .•[!» < — : .»

I^HILLIP FOSTEli came to Oregon in
l^ 1843, and was for many years one of Ore-
*^ gon's widely known jiioncers. He was
born in Augusta, Maine, .laiiuary '2!t, 1805, and
when he grew up was married in Calais, Maine,
to Miss Mary Charlotte I'etlygrove, a native of

that place, and a sister of ILm. F. W. Petty-
grove, one of the noted pioneers of (IrcgoiLanJ
one of the founders of the city of I'orlland.
Four children wore liorn to them in Maine, and
with his wife and tiiese children he caine to Ore-
gon, making tiie journey by the way of Cape
Horn. They had a \ery rough voyage, were for
twenty-one tlays driven from their (roiirse.
and lauded at the Samhvich islands.

I'pon their arrival in Oregon C'ity, Mr. l''oster
engaged in the merchandise business, he having
jiurchased goods in New V'ork city and brought
with him to this coast. He eontimied in this
business four years, when, in 1S47, lie came to
what has since been known as the Foster dona-
tion claim, sixteen miles due east of Oregon
City. Here he took claim to 040 acres of very
choice farming land, built a log house, and was
the pioneer farmer of this part of the county.
His place was the first settlement found by the
weary emigrants when they came out of the
mountains into the Willamette valley, and for
many years Foster's farm was the best -known
place in Oregon, where the emigrants would
procure the first vegetables they had seen since
leaving their homes in the East. Mr. Foster
kept a store and a meat market and raised large
quantities of hay, grain and vegetables, of which
the emigrants were so much in need. It fre-
(juently happened that as many as a 100
emigrant wagons sto])peil here for supplies. In
the fall of 1852 he killed fifty-two beeves to
supply the emigrants. It is neiMlless to say ho
was successful in his business. He was in poli-
tics a Democrat. He took a deep interest in
all the affairs of the Territory, and at one time
was run by his party for lie|)resentative. but was
defeated by a few votes. He and his wife were
members of the Methodist (]hurch, ami were
peojile of high moral and religious standing.
She died in 1879. His death occurred on the
I7tli of March, 18S5.

During the Cavuse war the Foster family
were in danger of being attacked by tiie Indi-
ans. With the assistance of some of his neigh-
bors, Mr. Foster made a fort on his farm, with
palisades, so situated that no Indian could ap-
proach on any side without bt'ing exposed to
lirt' from it. The Indians, however, never
troubled tlu'm.

The members of Mr. and Mrs. l-'oster's family
are as follows: (ieorge G.. a resident of Van-
couver; L»icy A., wife of Josiah Hiirnett, died
in the forty-fourth year of her age, leaving three

tOt4

tttsTonr OF orMooH.

cliililrei] ; I'. W., wliu died nl tlie iigc of tifty-
two yciirs, Iciiviiif^ a laino family, renideiitK of
('lackaiiias fSlatioii; I'liillip iliod in Ills nine-
tci'iilli year; jMaiy is now Mrs. Thomas Voiin^
and ri'siilcs in (iillinni county; Martha, wife of
II. W. I.iaki', ijii'd in \wr tiiirty-tirst yi'ai'; Isaac
is married and lias two chijilren, and rcsidt's at
Eiij^!, Creek; Ilerliert A.". Tliomas Iv, and
i'<o;|purt N. are farmers on tiieir father's donation
claim.

To Knherf \., the yonnirestof the I'amily, we
arc indelited for the data ol this sketch. lie was
liorn at the old homestead, Dcteemher 1(1, 1>>50.
At thed(^ath of his father he inlierited 1(1(1 acres
of the donation claim, and upon it he lias since
resided. He wa-* married Novemiier 2!*, 1874,
to Miss .lane E. Bradley, a native of Kansas,
and the dan^hter of liiciiard Bradh^y. Mr. and
Mrs. I'oster have* two children, Charles K. and
Mary I'earl. Mr. l''obter takes u jnst pride in
the recoril his father maiht as a pioneer of this
griMit State; also in the fact that his own coinfbrt-
ahle home is situated on a portion of the land
which his father secnrecl from the (ioveriiment
in 1847, and on which he himself was horn. He
ranks with the most enterprising; and hifrhly re-
s|)ectcd farmers of this vicinity. Politically, he
is a Democrat.

[ILLIAM ('.(JOODUICH. — Amonfrthe
brave Orei^on pionei'rs who faceil the
danfr('rs of the lonir and perilous jour-
ney across the |ilains. to found homes and a
State on the wonderful Pacific coast, may be
found the worthy pioneer whose Tiame ititro-
dnces this sketch. This ii;entlema;) was born in
liiplev county, Indiana, November 18, 1825.
His father, Carin (ioodrich, was boi'n in Pou^h-
kee()sie, New York, of Enij;lish ancestry, who
emigrated to the colonies previously to the
Uevolntion, settling in Massachusetts. Will-
iam's grandfather, .loel (ioodrich, and his si,\
brothers served the country as valiant soldiers
in its struggle for indepen<lence from Oreat
liritain. They removed from Massachusetts to
Mew "i'ork, in which State Mr. (Toodrich's
ijiirents were born and I'aised. His father first
imirried Miss Uachel Talbnrt, and after they
had one child {Mary Jane) she died, and for his
seconil wife he married Miss J'eggy Steel, a
native of Virginia, and a daughter of .lames

Steel. (Mr. Steel and three of his bnithers
Were soldiers in the Uevolntion, in which con-
flict the three brothers wert! wounded.) Hy the
latter marriage there were thirfi<t\ children, of
whom si.\ are now living.

Mr. (Joodrich, our subject, and the third born
in the above family, came with his father to
Oregon in 184."). His father took a donation
claim a half mile southeast id' Dayton, and
there he resided, leading a (|uiet and industrious
life for sixteen years, bis death occurring in
18(11. His wife survivi'd five years, dying in
180(!. Mr. (loodrich took up a donation claim
in 1848, mo\ed into a little log bouse which he
had built, and in 1854 married Miss Sarah
Barnes, the daughter of John and A. Barnes,
Oregon pioneers of 1843. They liave had four
sons, to eacdi of whom they have given 100
acres of land oti their attaining their legal age,
and each (d' them now has a nice home <d' his
own, ill sight of the parental homest<'ad. They
are all enterprising fanners, and have already
made pnndiases cd' adjoining lands. Their
names are: John II., Sanforfl, Wallace and
l.ewinglas; the latter resides with liis parents.
The other sons have married wives of noble
quality, and bave families.

Mr. Goodricdi has retained fifteen acres of the
old homestead for himself, and he also has 320
acres of timber in the Coast Range, where he
employs men in niaking shingles and cedar
posts. The good wife, whom he married in
18.")4, has continned to live and be his faithful
help until the present time. In his political
views Mr. Goodrich is a Republican, and as a
citizen he has always been useful and honor-
able. As a farmer he has ever been industri-
ous, anil a man of shrewd judgment. He has
ever been zealously interested in the advance-
ment of his county and State. - '-

riJ.IAM GRAHAM, M. 1)., one of the
old and highly respected citizens of
Corvallis, who has been permitted to
pass Ins three-score years and ten, may justly
lay claim to the title of pioneer physician. Dr.
(Jrahani has served the public |)rofossion ally for
over fifty years, and lias but recently retired
from active practice. He was born in Donegal
county, Ireland, January I, 1814, and is a de-
scendant of the Grahams of Scotland. His

History of onsaoff.

tniA

parents were Iliclmrd iiiid Mary ( l)aniel) (Ira
liait). both of whom wore born in tlii' iMncrahl
Isle, and emigratt ' to Aini'riea in WZH. Tliey
lirBt hjcati'd in Ni >\ York, soon after removing;
to IMiiladelpiiia. The family consistinl, in all,
of eleven cnildren, the subject of this sketeli
lieing the yoimge-t.

Dr. (trahain coni|iletecl his aeholastitr ednca
tion ill the city of I'iiiladelphia, and reniovctj to
Carroll connty, < >!iio, with liix parents, abont
1830, and Iwro the latter resided until their
death, which occnrred about 18it(). Our siib-
jtM'.t began the study of medicine in the office
of Dr. Samuel Stocker. of Franklin, Ohio,
where he remained three years, ami then went
back to Carroll connty mid stmlied with J)r.
DnfTy, a celebrated physician of that day. After
conipletin<5 this course he passed his medical
examination with MltIi honors, and began the
practice of his clu' profession.

In 1838 he was maiTied to Mi-s Jane Mor-
ten, a Jiativc <jf Dublin, Ireland, after which he
removed to Monroe county for two years, and
then to Wayne county, where lie re .iiine<l four
years. Subsequently he removed to Sandusky,
in whidi city he resided until iHoO. and at that
time he cliange<l his re8iden<'e to White county,
Tennessee, where he practiced tor live yeare.
In June, 1855, he removed to l.awi'ence, Kan-
sas, and for many years enjoyed a very exten-
sive practici' at I'rairie Cit\. J)r. Oraham was
one of the earliest settlers in the Territory, and
was conspicuous amono those nolile " Free
State" advocates during the boi'der Troubles of
those times. lie was identified with James
Lane and other ])roiinnent men whose names
became famous in conne<'tion with the early
history of Kansas. Owiuff to lack of space in
this viduino, many incidents of interest in the
founding of that free State must be omittC'l.
but it must suffice to say that the name of Dr.
William Graham will bo found conspicuous
among those who participated at/ainst slavery.
He attended, as a delegate, the Free State Con-
vention held at Topeka, Kansas, over which
James Lano presided.

Dr. Graham resided in Douglas county until
1804, when he removed to Boise (Mty. Idaho,
and remained there one year. His next location
was at Corvallis, Benton county, Oregon, where
he has since resided, and has faithfully per-
formed the arduous duties connected with his
profession. To say that his practice is large
and lucrative, is the truth, and many I'f his old

patients ri<gret that his wt^' and inlirinilic- for-
l)id bis responding to the more iliHiant cnlU.
although he Ims served as ilii' Coiintv I'liysiciaii
since 1885, and still attends to those m lio seek
his a<lvice at his home.

During III- active life Dr.iiraimm liiis accu-
mulated a competency, and he and his estimable
wife are passing the iledining years of their
lives in comfort in their i>leas:int home. To flui
doctor and hi wife seven cbildren liH\e lieen
born, namely: Thomas, Richard. Alarthii and
William; and three who are deceas(«| ; Uicliard.
who dieil in infancy, while the family were re-
siding in Ohio; iiorinda, died in Tennessee;
and .Mary, wife of .loseph I). JoIiiin ,n, a ])roni-
inent farmer of Benton county, died July, iS'.tii.
'l"he two oldest living children are promiiuMd,
young business men of CorMillis. 'I'lie Doctor
and his family are consistent mendiers of the
K[iiscopal Church.

'^^^■^

fEOlKiF, DKSAUT, a well-known business
man of Salem, is at the head of one of the
most iin|iiirtant industries of tiuit city, be-
ing a member of the firm u\ .Murphy iV I )esart,
manufiicturers of brick and drainage tile. Mr.
Desarl is a nativeof Stephenson coniitv, Illinois,
born in 18;{7. lie is descendeil from Fiench
ancestors, though his lather, Fraiicis Desart,
was born in Ohio; in his boyhood he was taken
to Illinois, and lher(^ he was married, and
followed an agricidtiiral life until 1850. In
that \ear he removed to (JretMi county, Wiscon-
sin, and again engaged in fariiiiiig. (ieorire
Desart gained his education in the comnnm
schools of Illinois and Wisconsin, and at tlieaeo
of eighteen year began learning the trade of a
lirick-mason; after serving a tour years' appren-
ticeship he went tr) Elgin, Iowa, and there fol-
lowed his trade. He was married in this place
in 1858 to Miss Midissa Armstrong, and
remained in that town until 185H, when he
removed to Blui^ Springs, Xebrnskii. He t(jok
up a Government claim, and was devoting liim-
solf to the cultivation of the land when the
depredations of the Indians made it necessary
to take some action against them. He enlisted
in Company M, Second Nebraska VolunteiM's,
under Colonel Furness, and with (teneral Sully
he went to Dakota. He was in a twetity-four
hours' engagement at Devil's lake, and this

itl

m
If

:'!S

!.'■ ■:l J.'i

lIHO

UtsfOHY OA' OliKmtl.

" >

' '

(
i

WH8 t'ollowt'd by daily Bkiniiirilifs for four vvfi.ks.
After ciiilitceti luoiitlirt Mr. DuKini was lioriorubly
iliMcliiirf^cil, 1111(1 wiiH iiiiistcrt'<l out iit Ncmaliit,
Ncliriinkii, ill D»'c(tiiilicr, ISli;}. Ilothon I'l'tip iieil
to liliK! S|iriii)^-. iHKJ ill May. 1^5(U. Im viciit to
liliilio, wlicro III' >|i<Mit oiic yi'ar. At tiio ciul of
Iwelvt' iiiiiiitliH 111! miiir to < >reifi)ii uiiil Buttlud iit
Hiiviirtoii, j)uri;lia»iiii.r 140 acres, whiidi lit- culti-
vated, uiiil at tile Haiiie time followed IiIh voca-
tion ill the valley. In 1888 lie removed to
Siilein. and in |)artnerslii|i witii his Bon-iii law.
.1. K. Miii|iiiy, lie lioiijjlit fifteen acres near the
fair irroiiiidrt, and the tile and hriek plant of 1).
.\anii.

Tiie tirni of Miir|ihy it Desart iiave improved
this i)ro|ierty, and have established a lar^e and
important iiuHiness, They inaiiufactiire about
1,(100,00(1 brick annually, and are ffaiiiing a
large and .■<iil>stantial patronage; they also iiian-
iihictiire tile in all ^i/.e^. from two and a half
inches to cigiit inches, or hiif^er when reipiiied.

Ml', and Mrs. I)esart are the parents of nine
children, four sons and five daii;jliter>i. Mr.
hesart is a ineniber of (ieorge II.Thomaa I'ost,
(i. A. U., of Silverton. He is a man of energy
and ability, and has aided in the develii|iiiieiit
and growth of the commercial interests of his
adopted home.

I LAS \VA(;KIJ DICKEUSON.a resi.Ient
of I'orthind. was born in the township of
Hector, Schuyler county. State of S'ew
'i'ork. November 10, 1820. His father, .lames
hickersoii. was a native of New Jersey, and
were prominent in the early history of the
county, (ioviinor Dickerson, of New .Jersey,
being one of the family.

Mr. Uickersoii's father married Miss Elix.a-
beth Hart, a native of Morris county. New
Jersey, and was of Scotch extraction, and a
relative of the ^[onroes. who remai:»ed loyal to
King (icorge. and were given an cerate for it in
Canada. There were born to them eleven chil-
dren, of whom five are living. Our subject was
the youngest child. He w:i# raised at Ih-ctor
and in the Ui--«/n of I'lirdtcTt. in the fatnous
Watkiiis (ileu.

He studied medicine and dentistry «t Tru-
mansl'iirg, and practiced dentistry there five
years, and has now in liir- possessi'in a set of
teeth on a gold plate, as well it!> one on vnlctin

ized rubber, on which he and his partner received
first prizes at the "World's Viiu" some thirty-
three years ago. In lSt;2, when ['resident
liincoln made a call for troops to put down the

rebellion, Mr. Dickers August 2S. 181)2,

enrolled himself in the I nion army, ('ompany
!•], ( >ue Hundred and Forty-eighth .New Vork
Volunteer Infantry. He was tirst in eastern
Virginia, under (ieiieial l)i\, then under (ten-
i eral lliitler.and later under (ieneral U.S.drant.
When Mr. hiekerson tii'.-t enlisted he was a
private, but on his second enlistment he was
appointed Second-Lieutenant of a colored com-
pany, and was transferred from that to the
One lluiidred and Twenty-fourth I'nited
.States Colored Troops, mid was lati'r pro-
moted to First- Lieutenant, and had command
of this the greater part of the time. He was a
larticipant in the battles of Fort Darling. Cold
larbor, and in the light before and at I'etors-
biirg. and for a part of the time they did
jirovost duty.

At the battle of Cold Harbor he received a
giiusliot in the thigh, and was laid up by it for
some time in a hospital. During his connection
with his colored regiment he took considerable
pride in drilling them. .Mtogether he wasijiiit
siiccessfnl. and at the close of the war his com-
pany, in a|)preciation of his kimliiess, and the
' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' , presenl

m. H

a tine one, and all were excellent soldiers. He
was discharged at Louisville, Kentucky.

lie then practiced his profession in New
.lersey for six years, and then wont to San
Diego, California, .Fuiie 1, 1873, from there he
sailed for Wasliington. They wei'c thirty-seven
days on the jounicy, as they were driven out to
sea, and the vessel was reporteil as lost. At
01yin|iia he was appointed a teacher at the
Qiiinsielt Indian Afjency, ;;nd was there eight
years, four and a half years of the time was
Government physician there.

In July, 1882, he came to Portland artd
invested in some city property. He has recently'
fitted up a dental office, at 2(50 Fifteenth street,
next to his residence, where he does a little
Work for the sake of having something to do.

On the 20th of .lune, I8(il,he was marrid to
Misa Narmettii Blue, a native of Trumansburg.
New York, and the daughter of Mr. Abraham
-Mlue. They were blessed with two children, a
sen and a daiiiihter. Their son, Frank U., died
wien twent\ months old, and their daufjrhter.

interest he took in them, presented him with a
sword, which cost them ^40. His company was

nitiTDiir Oh' oiiKaos.

104t

Katie H., only livoii to he oiglit years of H^e.
Slit) liied lit the (^iiiiiHiolt ii^eiu^, anil wan
luiried there. After four years of illiiess Mrn.
I)ickfrsoii also ilied. Her death oecurried Sep-
teinher !!». 1S87.

They had lieeii married twoiity-Bix yuars. She
WH« a t'aithfiil. devoted and lovino wife, and an
indulgent mother, and full of sympathy. With
h(!r luihhand shu wa8 a rttronir I'nionist, and was
part of the time with liiiii in tlu> army, doing
what iliu (MMild for thu rnion raiiHe. She had
an adorahle clnn'acter. She wan a faithful
Giiristiai', and a memtier of the l'resl>yterian
Church,

Dr. I)iekerson is a memhor of the St. JolinV
I'resliyterian (Miurch, of whieh ho is one of the
founders and an Hlder, lie is a Uepuhlieaii
an<l a nieinher of the (t. A. IJ,

[I'ENL'Ell CIIAIMX FOSTER, who is
pleasantly situated about two miles south
of Sheridan, has been identified with the
interests of Oregon sinee the year lS51. .\ re-
sume of his life is as follows:

Speneer Chapin Foster was born in Ontario
county, Now York, June lit, 1824, son of Daniel
E. and liobecca (Kiehmond) Foster, natives of
New York, and of English descent. His father
and mother were uuirried in New York State,
af,;ed eighteen and seventeen years, respectively.
They subsetjuently removed to Ohio, where they
resided si.t years, and from there went to Hills-
dale, Michigan. The mother died when Spen-
cer V,. was a chilli, and the father lived to bo
seventy-four years of aife, liis death occurring at
Hillsdale, He was married a second time, and
by each oi' his wives had seven children.

The subject of our sketch began business I'oi'
himself as a fannino-mill niauufacturei' and
dealer in Illinois in 1851 he and another
young inan purchased a wagon and three yoke
of o.ven and a cow, and with this outfit started
across the plains to Oregon, The second day
out one of their cattle got hurt and died, and
then the cow carried her end of the yoke until
they reached Fort llall, where she dropped
dead. Landing in Oregon, Mr, Foster first took
up his abode in ( )regon (!ity, where he was
variously employed for nearly a year.

About a mouth after his arrival here ho mar-
ried Miss Clarissa McCain, daughter of James

McCain, who came to Oregon that sMine year.
Purchasing a iloiuiliun claim a little south of
Oreg(jn City, Mr. Foster ninvcd to it in 1S.")2,
He subseijuently imnle additinniil purchased, be-
coiiiiiig the owner of 5.'(* acres, ami expended
much time and labor in improving it Here he
resided fur thirty years. Some time ago he
Mvld out anil moved to his present home. Ho
reared a family of seven children, si.x of whom
are living, vi/.. : Spencer ('., who is nntrrieil and
resides near McMiiinville; Harly D., wluj is
married and liv(^s at the Minto (fa|i; William
T., also married, is settled in I, inn county; liena
II., at home; Fanny 11., who resides in Sheri-
dan; and Kate M., wife of Walter I'ottiT, is a
resilient (d' Sheridan. Mrs. I'oster dieil March
1."), 1878, at Highland Springs, Lake county,
California, whither she and her husband had
gone for the benelit of her health. January 18,
18S0, Mr. Foster married .Mrs. Sarah llerry. a
native of Henton county, Oregon. Her fallier.
Joseph Morris, came to ( (regon in ISoL IK'
died in 1S88. Her mother is still living. Mrs.
Foster had three children by her tir,-l liu-band,
two of whom, Ciissie and Leon, are living. She
and Mr. I'oster have two ehildrcn, Harry F.
and Dora A.

Mr. Foster has aHiliated with the Uoijublican
party ever since its organization, lie was a
charter member of the (irange, and has serveij
both as Chaplain and Lecturer. He and his
wife are membei-s of the Congregatioiuil ( 'Inireh
at Sheridan.

fOllN Fox, president anil manager of tho
Astoria Iron Works, was burn near Toron-
to, Canada, in 18111, His ancost' is had
been loiiii residents of that loealit',. He ;it-
tended the public schools of hi luitive, town
until 18t);{, whcTi he emigi'atcil with his parents
to Yictoi'ia, British ( nlumlii!., and there com-
pleted his education. In 18i)t he was apjiren-
ticed with tho .Mbion Iron Works, and H|i|)licil
himself in tho machinist det/artnieiit lor three
and one-half years, then eaiie to Poi'tlaml and
found employment in the machine department
of the Oregon Iro-; V.'orks, and later with tho
Willamette Iron \Vorks, remaining until ls7(),
when he engaged with the I'acitic Steamsliij)
Company e.'^ engineer, and ran upon their
steamers from Portland to ."^an Francisco, and

¥■

ife:

■

lOlH

njarony (.>!•• oiwaoN.

IVurii Portliinil to Aluskii. After one yi'iir lie
retiiriKMl til the WillHiiicttL' Iron Works ainl re
in.-iiiicil until Aiioiist, 187+, wlicii lu» ciiiiie to
Aiiloriii 118 eiiiriiu't'i- ui the iMti|iloy of Captain
Klavei, to run tiii^-loats ucroat. thi' l/'oluinbiu
imr. Ho continued in tiiis jiofitioii f'oi four anil
one-half years, and then eniraged as sn|»'riii-
tendent of tugs, in wliich position he remained
for aliDiit three yeais, until 1S81, wlien, with
(;a|itain .1. (J. Hustler. A. |). Waf.-aiid A. 1„
l'(i\, he orjiranizcd and incorporated the Astoria
Iron Works, with a capital of $4,000. In
1884 tlie capital was increased to !?20,00(), and
the company has made steady jii'ogress in Imsi-
ness over since. The business was originally
Ktarted as a inachiiio and repair shop. A foun-
dry Wi's soon deemed to lie necessary to the
success of the enteiprisc, and later a lioiler shop
was added wliich, heing e(|uipped with the
latest nnichinery, they wore alile to turn out
i^eneral casting.s, lioilers and steainlioat work.
They make a specialty of crimping and solder-
ing machines, and have equipped many of the
C'olumliia river and Alaska canneries. They
are also sole manufacturers of the Jensen can-
tilling machine. Mr. Fox is one of the incor-
porators of the Jensen Can-Filling Company,
and fills the otlice of secretary, lie is also a
uiL'iiilier of the Ilanililin Ueal- Estate Company,
which owns :H)i) acres of city property, located
on V ounce's hay.

Mr. Fox was married in Yam Hill county, in
1874. to Miss Fannie A. Stewart, a native of
Oregon, and the daughter of Benjaniin Stewart,
a pioneer of the early '40s. To tlie above union
have been added two children, Grace S. and
F. (Miester.

Mr. Fox has served three years ae- a member
of the ('ouncil, several yi'ars as School Pirector,
and was elected to tlu^ Legislature by the Re-
jiiibliean party, in 18'.K). He is a member of
the A. F. & A. M., 1. (). (). F.. \. O. U; W. and
H. P. O. E., and is numbi-rcd among the busi-
ness iiu'ii of Astoria.

fnllX L. DOUGLASS, deceased, a promi-
nent and prosperous Oregon pioneer of
IS."):.', well-known thrnughout Multnomah
county as a man of upright character and genial
disposition, and wIionc loss was lamenteil wher-
i'Verhe was known, was a native of IVlinsylvania,

having been born in Crawford county April 30,
1837. His jiarent^, John and Elizabeth (LeFe-
ver) Douglass, were both natives of the Key-
stone State, where the former was born, June
lo. 171i4. and the latter April 25, 1801. They
were married in the State of their birth No-
vember 80, I81it, and had ten childi'en.of whom
John L. was the ninth in order of birth. About
the year 1840, the father joined the general
exodus, then commencing, toward the West,
and with his family removed to Indiana, set-
tling in Wells county. Here tiiey resided eleven
years, their son. .lohn L., being reared on the
home farm, and receiving iiis education in the
c'ounty schools. At the end of this time, in
November, 1851, the family aga'n turned their
faces toward the West, this time making the
long trip across the plains, thus traveling almost
across the entire continent, from ocean to ocean,
and that at a time when traveling was exceedingly
tedious and slow. In their journey across the
plains they met with many haidships, which
culminated in the sickness and death of the
beloved wife and mother, who died Angnst 5,
1852, and was sorrowfully buried on the banks
of the Green river. With sad hearts, the re-
maining members of this little home circle,
then pressed onward, reaching .Multnomah
county November 12, 1852- Here they settled
on land, and once more commenced the life of
pioiu'ers, where the father afterward died.

John L. Douglass, whose name heads this
notice, was about fourteen years of age when his
parents emigrated to Oregon, and lived for some
years with tiui family on their laml in Multno-
mah county. In January, 1858, he married
^Miss Flixa Mitchell, a lady of domestic tastes
and accomplishments, residing in his neighbor-
hood. This happy union was of short duration,
being tenninatetl by the death of the devoted
wife and mother on March 20, 18(i7. Of their
three children, two now survive: (Jeorge AV., »
sketch of whom immediately follows: and .lames
II., also a prosperous resident of Troutdale.
While yet a young man, the father ileparted
this life on June 13, 187H, bereaving his chil-
dren of !i loving father's care, and leaving many
friends to mourn his loss.

George W. Douglass was the oldest son of
tliis worthy couple, and was born in Multnomah
county March 31. 1803. He was con.se((ueiitly
but ten years of age when he was doubly be-
reaved by the death of his fath-ir. Relatives
took the place of parents deceased, his early

rrrsTonr of owrvox.

mil*

yonrs being piiescd on the liuinc t'lirin, and liia
ednciition ruceiveil lU the county soliools. When
twenty yoiu'd of iifre he apprenticeil liimself to
the oii'peiiters' triule, and later learned that of
' histcring. He afterward workeil as a eon-
tractor until 1892, when he e: tered the mercan-
tile ItuninesB, which he now pursues. He has a
large and well-selected stock of inerchandise,
and by UUm'h! and npri<^ht methods has imilt
up a larire and lucrative trade. He ia justly
nuniliered ainong the most sutintantial men of
liis community, his prosperity boinij; entirely
due to his own unaided efforts and steady per-
severance.

lie was married April 28, 1884. to Miss EU"n
iiarnes, a native of Illin()is. whose jiarents are
respected residents of Oreijon, and tl«?y have
three children: Laura E Nellie G. and (Jeurge A.

J\iliticallv, Mr. Douglass is a I'opulirtf. and
takes an active interest in national and l'<>^al
atiairs. lie has served his coasty two --rnii- as
Constable, disciiar^ing his dutie> in that capacity
with honor and ability. He is also prominent
in educational affairs, and has done much to
advance the cDinmunity in that direction. He
sei'ved with ctticiency on rhe Cedar District
School Board fr<.iii ISHti to l-^HH.

Socially, he atfiliates with flie A. <>. 1'. W.,
of which he is now (lfS'.>'2) Master Workman,
besides which he is also a member if the order
of Koresters.

Thus is the i_'ood inline of a worthy family
perpetiuited by ii descendant, whose ew*?ry act is
governed by the highest ])rinciples. and wbfjsc
cordial jiersonality has f,'rappled l;o him, liy
liooks of steel, a host of admirinij friends.

IARKY DUNCAN KMHIIEE, a venerable
Oreiron pioneer of 1844, rosidinir in
Dallas. I'olk county, was born in Clark
county, Kentucky. January 11, 18()fi. Ilif
father. Thomas Einbree. a native of Virijinia,
removed to Kentucky when a boy of live yeair-.
and was reared and nnirried there, the lady f»f
his choice being Miss Elizabeth Duncan. *be.
too, was a native of \'irginia, and Im'T retiJi.viil
to Kentucky occurred when she wa- twelve
years old. (iraudfather Enibree wa- a native <>f
England; catne to Americji ami rf^sidcd in Keri
tucky until 182(); removed to lVriss..Hri iin.i
settleil in Howard county, where lie sjii'iit the
rest of hislire,and died in his oighty-fonrth year.

Mr. Enibreo was the si.\th-liorii in a family
of fifteen children, and is now supposed tii
be the only survivor of that number. His early
educational iiilvautagcs were liiuited, his sclinol-
ing, all foid, ])robably not exceiMling si\leen
months. At the age of twenty he married Miss
Lucinda Fowler, a native of his own town, anil
two years younger than himself. Ajiril IS,
1814, with his wife and four childien, he>larted
on the long overhmd journey to Oregon. Their
first child was then eight and the youngest two
years old, and when tliey arrived at the waters
of the little LJliie another child was born to
them, whom they named Alice Irene. This
daughter is now the wife of James Denipsey, of
I'olk county, and is the mother of ten native
sons and daughters of ()r(!gon. The other
children who crossed the plains are as follows;
Thomas V. ])., a physician and minister, resid-
ing in Harney valley; Mary Isadore, wife of
T. .1. llayter, a respected pioneer resident of
Dallas; Alarccllns .\., of IJenfon county; and
lientoii, who lives in Harney valley. Mr. and
Mrs. Embrec had one son born in Oregon, John
1!., now rcftiding with his father in Dallas.
Mr. Embree has twenty-one grandchildren and
four great grandchildren.

When they left I'oonvilleon their memorable
jonrney it began to rain, and it I'ained hard at
freijuent intervals until the Ist of July, so they
had iiiiich mud and high water to encounter for
forty days. August 22 they passed Fort Lara-
mie, and by this time many of their o.\cn had
died. They arrived at Fort Hall September "^2.
and there traded their weak team for a slromrctr
one. When they got within sight of IJlue
mountain it began to rain and snow. aii<l the
snow was ciiflit inches deej) before they got
through. On the steep ])itclies they were
ol'iiged to double teams to get up, their progress
being very slow and difficult. 'I'heir provisions
giving out, they sent to Dr. Whitmairs for
esft^lies. and they t/ot dried saliiinn from the
IiKi'ians, arrived at the Dalles Mr. Embree had
only a dollar left. With it he juirchased a
bn«liel of small potatoes, and -ome sugar and
tea for his wife, she being ^i(•k. Tlu^ wcatlun'
wik- -evere. and the rest of the jonrney was ac
compli-lied uiidt r great dilHculties. To give an
exten<i<t«d account of the various obstni'les as
they jiresented themselves, and the heroic man-
ner in wliieh these bravi^ pioneers met and over
come them would rei|iiire more space than cim
l»e devoted to a single biography in this work.

iMMfca. *KiiM»p J

<^g»>BmA s*MiiA>Mawaj^aKia»

»!'\

io.->n

HrniTOm' OF OHKGON.

Siitlicf if Id >iiy tliat tlicj (iniilly i-cucIuhI Polk
I'lPiiiilv, liis wilV' Btill rtick mill he biirefootud.
He took a ilonatifiii claim of ')42 acres just
aliovc IMxie. this cliiini haviiii/ botli wood and
water dii it. His (tiily stock was a t'ovv and an
ox. lU'i'e. with his wife ;iiiil five helpless little
childreu, and iif> money, he settled on the fron-
tier. While III was i'Httinj_r loirs for his cahin
he lieeame so tided with ^rief at the thiino;lit of
his situation that lie sut down and cried like a
ihild. It was inipipssihie to jfo hack, and as
they had no provisions the [irospcct indeed
looice'd dai'k. The little eahin, however, was
soon coiniileted, they borrowed tlour. and by
Mr. Enibree's hard work and ifood niiinnireinent
fhf-v succeeded in o;ettini,r aloiiir. He relates
nia'iy interesting' reminiscences connected with
that winter', exjiei'ience. As the yeai'S rolled
by they developed their farm into a valuable
jiroperty, and reared a respectable family of
children, shariiio; the land with them as they
i,frcw up. In 1881 Mr. Einhree was bereaved
by the loss of his faithful and loviuj; wife, who
had stood by him in all \\\> joys and sorrows.
Her death was can-ed by a fall from a wagon.
Ml'. Kmbree was made a Mason in Dallas
in the winter of 1855 "50. lie was a Ikp-
tist in early life, but siibsecpu'iitly united with
the Alethodist Ciiundi South. He cast his first
vote for Andrew Jackson, and his last for (irovei
Cleveliiiid. Now in his eiirbty-sixth year, Mr.
Knibreo i> in a measure retired from active busi-
ness. His home, situated on a twelve-acre
tract of land, overlooks the city of Dallas.
Here he works as niueli as his streiiirth wilt per-
mit, makinii iiniirovements, etc., his youiitrest
son residing with him. Ho is well jireserved,
both ill mind and body, has hosts of friends,
and is held in the highest esteem by all who know
him. Thus if is with pleasure that we record
his name aiiiuiig tlie worthy pioneers of thio
great State.

tL. Dl ' U1I.\ M, a native son of Oregon and
representative among the young linan-
* ciers of tlie State, was born at Oregon
City ill l84'J. ^I''or history of ancestors s-ee
sketch of (icorgo Dur'iam.) The boyhood of
our subject was pas'^ed with his |iarents. and his
education was aci(iiire<i at the Willamette I'ni-
versity, at Saleiii and at the I'ortlaiid Acailemy.

In .fiilj, 1870, lie 'iveiit to Portland and accepted
the apjiointmenf of Deputy County Clerk, under
C. W. Parrish and continued in that position
liiifil 187t), when he resigned to accept f lie posi-
tion of Deputy City Auditor, under W. S. Col-
well, and in ls77 received the ajipoiiitiiient of
City Auditor, from the Common Council, iieing
contimuid in that office for five consecutive
terms. In 188::2 he resigned and accepted the
position of teller at the Portland Savings Bank,
and shortly after was elected cashier, which
office he hlled until January, 188t). At this
date, with the incorporation of the Commercial
.National liaiik, Mr. Durham was elected cashier
of that institution, where N ■ ;c rf^ill engaged.

A[r. Durham was mar-ied in Portland, in
June, 1872, to Miss Hannah dault. a native of
Oregon, daughter of Pembroke Gault, a pioneer
of tlie early fifties. Mr. and Mrs. Durham have
had three children: Lillian, Uoy (iault and Gil-
bert H.

Afr. Durham is a ineniber of the I. O. (). F.
and A. (>. U. W. He is vice-president of tlie
City Boartl of Emigration, which was begun in
IS.Sl, to disseminate knowledge of Oregon, one
method being the sending of exhibition cars
through the East, containing a collection of Ore-
gon products, and literature discriptive of her
resources. He is an active member of the
Chamber of Commerce, and is one the finance
and building committee, in the erection of the
new building. He is aldo vice-president of the
Oregon Land Investment Company and presi-
dent of the Portland Clearing House Associa-
tion. In business affairs Mr. Durham holds an
active position, and his enthusiasm is quickly
enlisted in every public enterprise, whicli pro-
motes the development of his city and State.

fEHRY II. E ASTON, dealer in musical
instruments and music goods, Salem. Ore-
gon, was born in Sussex, England, in
18(51, a son of William Easton, a retired attor-
ney. He first came to the I'aeific coast in 1882,
seeking a suitalile location for a music house;
he remained in Los Angeles for two years, and
then went to Montana on a prospecting tour;
after a brief look at that eecfion of country he
returned to ]x)s Angeles, but in a ehort time
came to Salem. This was In 1887; he opened
a store at iJlU C\'unit*rcial htreet, where he car-

nisToitv cv niiKany.

10.51

rics a full stock of all classes oi "itisical goods.
IIo has tlie State at^ency for the (!oll)y piano,
and iiandles an oi'iran hearinjj; his own name,
which is niaiiuraetnred witli reference to ciiniatie
inrtuenees on the Pacific coast; it is of execileiit
workmanship, iirid has a tone of very admirable
qnality. iMr. Haston has appointed a number
of aij;ents throughout the State, and is meeting
with satisfactory success in the inti'oduction and
sale of these two superior instruments. A tal-
ented niusician himself, ho has awakened adceji
interest in all branches of the art, and througii
his efforts much latent ability in this direction
is being developed an<l cultivated. In the win-
ter of 18U(> he orifanized a tine orchestra, which
has acconi|ilislied a great amount of work, and
has made surprising projfress; he has also or-
Kauized (dasses for the mandolin and banjo.
The public have shown a keen appreciation of
these efforts by giving a liberal support to the
enterprises inaugurated. Mr. Ka.'ton's father
was an accomplished organist, and spared no
pains in giving his -^on a thorough mnsical train-
ing. Our subject is a member of the .V. <). V .
W., the Knights of I'ythias and the Masonic
fraternity.

In ll^HC) he was uniteil in marriage to Miss
Ilattie Chase, a native of the city of Hostou,
and a thorough musician. Two children have
been born of this union. In politics Mr. I'luston
styles himself a liepnbliean, but he is independ-
ent and liberal in thought and action. He has
ideutifie<l himself with the city's best interests,
and has won the eunfidei\ee of the entire com-
munity. He has found an excellent field for
building up a business in his line, and has
flattering prospects of abundant success ai\d
prosperity.

fUDGK (). X. DKNNY, ex I'nited States
C<)nsul-(ieiieral to China, IfiT First street,
Poit land, Oregon, diile^ hi,- birth in Mor-
gan county, Ohio, Septembei' f, 18,'iK.

His parents, ('hrintian aiul Kliza H. (Nicker-
BO'i) Denny, were natives of West X'irginia and
Mii-sachusetts, respeetivtdy ; were married in
Ohio, to which plai'e Mr. DcTmy emigrateil iit
an early ilay, and where he engaged in taruiiug
and the lumbering business. They had six
chihireu, three so is and three daughteis. lii
1803 Mr, Denny -(jld liis interests in ()liio, jmr

chased a suitable out lit. aiul in March of that
yeai' started u|ii)ii the long journev across the
plains. His outfit consisted of three wagons,
twelve yoke of oxen, and about twenty-five lu>ad
of loose cattle. The train with whiidi they
traveled was composed of fourteen wagons and
about si\tv people, and of it Mr. Denny was
elected captain. The triji was without j)articnlar
incident, and was o)ily nnidc wearisome by the
slow progress, six months being sj)rnt on the
journey. They arrived at ivebanou, i.inn
county, in September, 1852. Mr. Denny met
with a serious accident from a vicious Indian
pony, which, togethei' with mountain fever,
caused his death, ten days after his arrival. He
left a widow an<l six children to mourn their
hiss, and provide their own support in an un-
developed (•o\intry. Mrs. Denny |uiridiased a
possessory right to :?"20 acres of slightly im-
proved land, three miles west (d' Lebanon. She
nad ifreat trouble in maintaiuinii hor title in the
courts, but the contest was finally settled in her
favor. During the winter, five of the children
were sick with mountain fever, and came near
dying; all howexei'. recovered. Much of tlieii'
stock had been lost upon the plains. With the
laiii'e emicrration <d' 1S.")2, and the conseciuent
advance in all kinds of provisions, the burden^
and responsibilities thrown upon .\[r>. Denny
were indeed great, but bravely did she work to
)rovide food and clothing for iier family of
ittle ones. O. N. I)enTiy, the oldot son, and
his twelve-year old brother, rendered able assist.
ance, plowing and fencing and improving their
claim.

After the first winter the subject of our
sketch attended school during the three winter
months, doing chores for his bnai'd, and in the
spring returning to the duties of the farm. Thus
he continued with labor and study until 185S,
when he entered Willamette I'niversity. ociii
pyiug a snuill I'oom iind boiirdiug himsidf upon
supplies furnished liy hi^ mother, and inicIi
spring returning to the farm. The Judge feels
that lie owes a lasting debt of gratitude to his
mother for her untiring energy, love, devotion
and assistance. Ha\ing comjileted his eoursi!
at the university he commenced the study of
law. un<lcr the insti'uc^lion of Amory llolbrook,
of Oregon ( 'ity, finishing \\'\> studies in the otllce
nf ^les^|•s. Wilson ^ Hiirding, distingni-hed
lawyers of Salem. He was admitted to thi' bur
in 18()'i by the Supreme Coni'l of the Stati

lie then r.,ininenee(i practice at the Dalles, with

'i
¥.

IHlK.

1052

UlSTOUY OF OUKGOX.

('. It. Mfi^^s, I'lMt^eciitiiifv Attorney' for tlie
I'iftli I)islrii;t. Slioitiv aflur. u vaciilicy occiir-
riiii^r ill thu (jIKcc of I'.oiiiity lunl prolmto jml.ijtN
Mr. Doiiiiy was a|ij)C)iiitc(l to that position, lint
Biili.swjiiciitly rt'siiiiiiid in orijui' to iiiakt'a'uiisim-s.s
tii)) to the Itoiso mines, Idaho, whero he was
ih'tainci! for six months. lli.s return to tlie
Dalles was shortly followeil hy the county and
State election, and, lieinjf the unanimous nomi-
nee for County and I'robate.l u(lo;e, he was elected
hy a hirife majority, aiul tilled the office for n
term of lour years.

In iNoveniiier, iSfiS, Judge Denny eauie to
I'oithmd. lie was married on the 28d of the
followiiii; month, at Vancouver, to (icrtrude,
dauohter of I'eter I). Ilall, a pioneer of 1847.
who WHS killed in the Whitman massacre. The
ilall children were all taken prisonei's hy the In-
dians, mid liehl until ransomed hy liev. J. II.
Spauldino;. After marria<re Mr. Denny prac-
ticed law about oueyeai'. inlSan Jose. Calirornia,
and then returned to I'ortland. Ipon his return
he was elected I'olice Judge, and, after serving
four years, resio;ne(l, in order to accept the aji-
jMiintment, tendered him liy President GranI, of
Internal Revenue Collector for Oregon and
Alaska. In 1875, without being an applicant,
he was appointed American Consul to Amoy,
China, whiidi, however, he declined. In June,
1877. he received the appointment by I'resident
Hayes as American ^ msul to Tientsin, and em-
liarked for that point in July, arriving there the
followiiicr September. Tlie city numbered ItUO,-
000 inhabitants, aiul all the reputable govern-
ment,- in the worlil had ofHcia! rejiresentatives
there, making the social life very enjoyable. In
Janmiry, 1880, .Mr. Denny was promoted to the
office of Consul-Cieneral, at Sl.ang-Ilai, which
important |iositiou he tilled four years, resigning
at the end of that time, and returning to Ore-
gon. During his otticial rc^sidence in Cliina he
kept up the good relation already established
with the \iceroy, as well as maintaining the
cimtideiue an<i respect of his associates. On
leaving, he was the recipient of an address from
his colleagues, as well as one signed by all the
.\merican citizens of Sliaug-Ilai, In July,
fcdlowiiig his arrival in Oregon, in January,
ISSo, Mr. Denny received a ealilegrani from the
viceroy at Tientsin, in behalf of tlw King or
Corea. iiiviting him to Corea. to take service
under the king. This ott'er was at tirst declined,
but in .\ugust was accepted, and in December
he ngaiii left Oregon. For two terms of two

years cacli, he rendered most efficient service to
the King of Corea, and was urgently recpiested
to serve a third term, declining to do so for the
reason that he was unable to enforce his advice,
the government being too weak, and in dread of
her powerful neighbor, China, to enforce many
needed reforms relative to internal aifairs.

In January. 1891, Mr. Denny set out for
liome, via .Vsia, (ireece and the old countries of
Europe, which he visited extensively, arriving
in I'ortland in July, 18'Jl, lie has again re-
sumed practice, giving his timi^ cliieHy to busi-
ness arrangements and investments. He has ex-
tensive ranch interests in eastern Orocou, where
he is engaged in breeding tine horses, ami also
has other stock farms.

The Judge and Mrs, Denny have one child,
I'lironetta, wife of Lieutenant \i. O. Scott, of
the United States Xavy. .Iiidge Detiny speaks
with enthusiasm of his wife's assistance during
all their exjierience abroad. She is a woir ni of
high culture and retiiiement, and (juickly dis-
cerned the re([uirements of court life, using her
influence to elevate the social relations of her
people with whom they nere cast. She presided
with the (^ueoii in all entertainments given at
the palace.

The tludge is a member of the I. O. (). F,,
and is Fast Deputy Grand Master id' his lodge.

DAVIS v^' SON, popular <]ruggists of
I'hilomath, sncccHsors to J. T. Akin,
* carry a full line of the best <lrug8, to-
gether with all pharmaceutical goods, toilet
articles. perfunuM-ies and fancy goods, including
stationery, etc., etc.

S. Da\is. the ethcient manager of the ahove
firm, is a native of Pennsylvania, where he was
horn Febrmiry 13, 183B. His parents were
Samuel and Klizabeth (Fong) Davis, who re-
\ moved to Lee county, Iowa, in 184r'!-. where they
afterward died, greatly lamented by all who
knew them. They left a family of nine children,
the yo\ing(>st of whon\ is I he subject of our
sketch.

Mr. Davis received his education in this
county. Ills early life was devoted to farming,
but, after arriving at mardiood, ho serrwJ an
ap|)renticesliip to the carpenter and milhvright
trades, which he followed for lifteen years, ex-
cept one sear, which was dc\oted to school
teaching.

W, '4

insToin (IF (iiiJ-jiioN.

1058

Tn 18(31, lured by the marvelous reports 'roin
the (ioldeii State, he cuiiu' to ('alil'oniia, lud
was for a time located in yaeraiiiotito, later vis-
iting (iold Hill. Nevada, where lu^ roihjwid-hi^^
trade until ISIJT, wlieu lie removed to Oreiron.
Here he was tor a time enjfaged in farming, on
2'2(l acres of laud, located four miles south of
I'liilomatii. Tills land is ni'ai'iy all ilevotiMl.to
grain-growini^ and geni'rnl t'armino;, with about
four acres <if orchard.

In 18'.l() he purohaseil hid ])resent drujr busi-
ness, in which lie has been vei'y successful, ow-
injr to the hii^h grade of his iroods, his thorouifh
reliability and M;reat popularity amonir his fel-
low-citizenti.

Mr. Davis was married in Iowa, in 18r)8, to
]\riss Mary A. llenkle, a native of that State.
Tlu>y liave three ciiildren; Ivlward L., Charles
W. and X'ictor.

Politically, Mr. Davis is allied with the Dem-
ocratic party, and takes an active interest in
school matters, beinir an etticieiit member (jf the
School Board.

He is one of the city's most pro<rressivc and
prcnMinent business men, and enjoys tile respect
and esteem of the whole community.

nV 1 N \V. II .V 1 XES, one of Forest Grove's
Ino^t enterprisintr business men, and a
member of the jiopular ij;eneral merchati-
dise establishment of Ilaiiies & I'ailey. is a na-
tive of the State <d' Iowa, where he was born
near Iowa Falls on iNovember 24, 18t)l. His
father. .1. W. llaines. is a n.ative of Fenusylva-
nia, where he was born in 1880, and was i^eared
in Ohio. The family is of Eniflish e.\tra< ion,
but three oenerations have been born in Amer-
ica. His father married Miss liutli K. I.upton,
a native of Indiana, a daughter of 1). W. liUp-
ton. They had four children, all of whom are
are living. ' >f these onr subject was the second
8on.

He was reared in Iowa until his tenth year,
when lie came with his father and familv to
( )regon. Thev located near Salem, where he was
edncnted. and later attended the Pacific Univer-
sity. He was for a time eni;age<l in the sawmill
business near Forest Grove, and afterward went
to Glackaiiias county, where he coutinned in the
same business for a couple of years. He was
also engaged for eight years in the >sr:u\\ Imsi-
00

iiess on his own acconni. In 1890 he became
one of the organizers of the firm td' llainesife
ISailey, and opened the general merchandise
store in Forest Grove, where they now m\\
which has bei^n wonderfully successful, exceeil-
ing their great(»st expectations. I'.eing a man
of e,\;)erience, Mr. Haines at once became con -
vincod of tlu! t'utui'c prosperity of Forest (irove,
and accordingly purchased a half-interest in the
South Park tract, and with his partners, Messrs.
Keep, has platted it and put it on the market,
ill which enterprise, as in everything else, he
his meeting with i)henomenal success. He is
also largely interested in the liv<'rv estalilish-
ments of the city, holding considerable of that
stock, lie owns stock in the Canning establish-
ment and in the Klectric Light (^)mpaMy, also
in (Jales Peak Water Company anil in the I'orest
(irove Printing (!om]>aTiy. lie is heartily
interested in the welfare of the city, to the pros-
perity of which he contributes whenever oppor-
tunity affords. His partner is his brother-in-
law, who is also an energetic ami e\j)erienced
buiiiiu'ss man of ability.

Mr. Haines was married, in 188S. to .Miss
Nettie Shipley, a most estimable young lady,
and a diiiighter of M. II. Shipley, a well-known
and highly re8|)ected citizen of Fon^st Gro\c.

Our subject is a member of tlu^ Masonic
fraternity, and Master of the lodge of I'orest
Grove. He alHIiates with the Uepublicaii ]iarty,
the i)rim'iples of which lie has ailvocated since
113 beg n to vote.

(Certainly, if the jirospcrity of Forest (irove
depends — Iik(^ the world on .\tlas' >lioulders —
on her business men she is most safe; f(M' where
intcdiigenco, morality, and enterprise are found
together, they form a powerful combination, and
these traits are abundant among her citizens,
chief among whom is Mr. Haines.

-=^<^^#iH®i|#»s

^•^'l( W. IIAINKS, proprietor of the Kngeiie
i1/miP Tannery, and an Oregon pion-nT of
i«-^srj * 1851, was born in Tazewell county,
Illinois, ill 1828. His father, .Vlficd Haines,
was from New .lersey. and emigrated to llaniil-
ton county, Ohio, in 18011. where he married
Miss Mary l.eeper and removed to Illinois about
182() and went into farming. ( )iir subject was
brought up to labor, only attending the winter
schools ()f .short duration. He remained with

'(: !

1054

HISTORY OF OUKnON.

liis pareiitB until 1852, when lie wi-iit in part-
Moivlii[) with his twin lirother, Joijcph, mihI llaild-
vviiy ('ii>iiniiiM. Tiu'V littt'ij (Jilt oiicwiii^dii wilii
three yoke of (ixi'ii iiml thrci' ciiws uihI slui'tcil
for Oi'Cf^iiii. ^\'ith tlie nKiiiii imnlsiiips thoir
jdurimy pi'u>j;ri'ssi(d, hiit liy their excellent care
of their cuttle they rrjivi'h'il rapiilly, iind aiTiveil
at the Dalles witli their stoeli in tine eotiilition.
Not hnviiijr ^utlieieiit iiioney to ])ay the freie;lit,
they left their wiij!;iiiis ami drove their cattle
down the trail to Linn (•(iiiiity. Mr. Ilaiiies
tli(Mi hegan riistliiie:, with lint 1(1 cents in his
pocket. I'roceedini^ to (lorvallis, he spent his
10 cents for ferrying across the river, and then
hired out to the proprietor, Ike Moon, to cut
conl wood, and after two weeks hired the ferry
and started a wood yard, furnishing the river
steamer Kaneina, the first steamer on the
Willamette river, with fuel. Mr. Haines Boon
turned this over to his brother, and he went to
ri]ip(jna county, ciittiuf^ rails for Kellon; liroth-
ev8. lie reached the mines in southern Oregon
in 1852, where ho struck a rich claim, and in
one month took out $1,21)0. Heing of a8j)ecula
tivc mind he then located claims, and sold out
for small ])rofits. He then enj^aged in logginir,
choppi.ig and mining until January, 1854, when
he purchased 600 apple trei^s at 40 cents each,
packed them on one liorse.and sold them throuirh
the country at ti5 cents each, reali/iiie; $150
for one week's work. In the year 1853 he had
Bhip|)ed f"om Pekin. Illinois, by sailing vessel
around Cape Horn, two Haines reapers, the first
in the country. In the spring of 1854 he began
work in the tannery of \m\-i Kent, at Hcottsbiirg
until the arrival of his reapers, when lie >et one
up and operated through harvest in Yam Hill
county, then sold out and returned to the tan-
nery, where he became master of the business,
and in 1858 bought the plant ancl property,
which he operated until 1874, when the town
became so dejiopulated that investments lost
their value, and he suffered a heavy loss. (le
came to Eugene in 1874 and rcnt(>d the old tan-
nery, which he op(,'rated about iive yt'ars, and
then built his presiMit establishment and in
j)artiiership with his son, .fonathan, continued
the business under the name of W. W Haines
& Co. The capacity of the tannery is fiOO
hides per month, all leather being hemlock
tanne<l; the saddle leather all goes to A. (".
Nichols it Co., of San Francisco, and the collar
leather to the harness manufacturers of Port-
land, The product of tlm t^n'mry is highly

considered in the market and finds ready sale,
the work being honestly performed, and all
leather carefully graded 'and guaranteed. Mr.
IJaines owns 120 acres of timber land and lOO
acres of farm land near i5rownsvill(>, beside
valuable property in Hiigene.

He was married in Linn (loimty in .laniiary,
1857, to Miss Mary lilain, daughter of Samuel
lilain, a pioneer of I85ii. They have seven
children, namely: (^rcelia, now Mrs. (irant
Tompson; .lomithan; .lessie, now Mrs. H. Mar-
tin: Charles, Belle, liehecca and Mary. Mr.
Haines has always been devoted to business and
his success is the just reward of persevcriiicr
industry hotiestly performed.

fll. DkFOKCK, manufacturer of fi^ll oil
at Astoria, was iiorn in Ilamiltoii county,
<* Xew Vork, in 1841. His |iarent8 Diiteo
and Marian (Brown) Do l'"orcc were natives of
the same State, descended from French and
Scotch auct^stry, who emigrated to .Vmerica in
the Seventeenth century. The father was a inill-
or by trade, but pursued farming as an occu-
pation, removing to Warren county, Pennsyb
vania in 1S54, whore he continued agricultural
pursuits throughout his life.

Here otir Bubjoct was reared, receiving his
education in the schools of that vicinity, and
assisting his father on the farm. I'pon reaching
his majority he began supporting himself, goinop
to the oil region of I'ennsylvania, locating at
Tidiout(<, where he was eiii|)loyed by .lohn
I'orter, who owned a small retinerv. Here he
remained for four years, learning the process of
retining crude petroleum. In 18()() he went to
theoil districts of Ritchie county, West Virginia,
and there bored and operated a series of wells,
the most productive one. at the depth of HOO
feet, flowed 300 barrels of lubricating oil per day.
As the How lesseneil the well was bored to the
depth of 1,000 feet, and the How then increased
to 1.200 barrels per day. In 1873 he sold his
wells and engaged as superintendent of the main
division of the Relief Pipe Company, extemling
from Millerstown to Brady's Bond, I'einaining
in this ciipaeity until 1875, when he came to
Astoria, Oregon. Here he was engaged as a
mechanic for three years in iilacint; steaiiiHttinn-s
in the Salmon canneries about Astoria, and was
Mills led into the manufacture of tish oil from

.■iL- .Ll,"..t: -Uh/J

niSTOHY OF OllKOOy.

tilt' rofiis(( ffoiii tlio canneries. Tlieiv weiv
BoviTiil (liT fuctories alidut tlio river, but none
[iroved a Kiiccceg niitil Mr. I)e Force brmifjlit
iiin more cxtendeil cxpcrit'iice to l)ear upon tlie
procei-s. which by e\perinient lie has brouoht to
a state of perfection, nuriuifactnriiiir a line, clear
nil tor luiiricatiiii^ piirjioseH. lie also niann-
t'actnres a tisli guano, wliicli is valua'ple a.-i a
fertilizer. As the canning season dous not ex-
ceed four months and lie depends entirely upon
the canneries for his cm ie product, the season
for iiianafactiirintr is very short. The annual
ontinit of the factory averaijos 2,bW <£allonrt of

•111 ' O ' r^

oil and al)Ou„ thirty-live tons of irnaiio.

He was married in Warren coniitv. I'emisvl-
vaiiia, in 1804, to .Miss Sarah (Jeorge, a native
Ohio. They 'lave three children; Charles E.,
Elton C and Don.

-^i^^^Bi

J^KXRY FAILIN(i, an eminent financier
%m\ '^f t'"' .Northwest, and president of the
"■^^ First National liaiik of Portland, is a na-
tive of New York city, where ho was born on
January 17, 18:J4:. ifis father, Josiali Failing,
for many years an honored citizen and pioneer
business man of this city, was a native of Mont-
gomery county. .\ew York, where he was born
on July y, 180(). When a young man he re
moved to New York city, where he was married
to Miss Henrietta Ellison. In 1851 he came
with his family to Portland, ( )regon, where he
was successfully engaged in mercantile pursuits
until 18(54, when he retired from active busi-
ness, leax ing his interests in the hands of his
son, the subject of our sketch, wdio had been
Ids partner since the foundinj^ of the firm of J.
Failing & Co., in ls.")l. I'pon .\Ir. Josiali Fail-
lug's arrival in the riew city, he bitcame identi-
fied with the interests of the future metrop(di8.
In 1853 he was elected Mayor of the city, do-
ing much during his term of <itKce to give a
proper start to the city's affairs, thus Ijeing
largely instriiineiital in shaping its future sue
cesB. He took apersonal interest in educational
matters, and was one of the Trustees of the
; iiblic schools, to the establishiiieiit and manag-
ineut of which he devoted his most strenuous
efforts, and their present high excellence may
be largely attributed to his wise and timely
guidance. In jiolitics he was an enthusiastic Ue-

fublican. and was a delea;ate to the National
'onvention which nomiiiatei) President Lincoln

for a second term, and was also a ilelrgiite to
tli(> convention which nominated (ieneral (iriint.
He was a worthy and devoted member of the
Baptist Church, being the first to join it when
it was organized, an<l was always liberal and
tiriii in its sujiport. Fi'oiii tlietime of his re-
tirement from business until his death, which
occurii'd ill ISTT, his time and enerines were
largtdy devoted to religious and ])hilanlliropic
work, and his ai<l and encoiiragcmeiil were
freely gi\en to all projects, which had for their
object the welfare of his fellow-men. He was
ill many respects a model citizen, and has left
for tin- guide and emulation of his children ami
friends a great and good example of life, which
was both helpful and iienevolent.

Ileiiry Failing, our subject, was sent to the
public schools ill his native city of New York,
and at the age of twelve entered a French im-
porting and shijiping house. Two years later,
lie entered the employ of Hno, Mahony iV: Co.,
which was one of the largest wholesale dry-
goods houses in the city. Here he remaineil
until 1851. when he cauKi with his father to
Portland, where he engaged with his father in
a general mercantile business. Portland was
then a town of 500 or (iOO inhabitants. ;\fter
his father's retirement, in 18(54, until 1871,
Mr. Failing conducted the business alon(>. In
18(58 he began to restrict the business exclusive-
ly to liardwiire and iron supplies. In 1871 Mr.
Henry W. Corbett became associated with Mr.
Failing, under the tiriii name of (^orbett. Fail-
ing & Co., which, bi'sides the principals named,
now consists of the younger brothers of Mr.
Failing, Edward and James F. The firm does
a wholesale business, which has grown to be
the largest in its lino in the Northwest.

In 1869 Mr. Failing and Mr. Corbett pur-
chased nearly all the stock of the First National
Bank, which was the first bank establisluul in
Oregon under the National Banking .\ct,it being
also for a number of years the only bank west
of the Kocky inotiiitainB. Fiider their man-
agement, guided by Mr. l''ailing's unerring
judgment as ]>resi(ient, it became remarkably
prosperous, and is now (1892) the leading
oankiiig house of the Nortliwest. Its capital
stock in 18(59 was $100,000; shortly afterward
it was increased to $250,000, and since then it
has been again increascil, this time to 8500,0(10,
with a surplus of $(550,000. Since be( oming
interebtcd in this bank, Mr. Failing's time has
been principally devotpil to tlnnncial affairs, in

lonn

niSTOUY OF OKEOOir.

wliicii he Im8 slmwii liiiiiKclf to possess tliu
higliest order <.<[ aliilily. lie lias also been
largely iiiterestc(l in real estate, iMitii in and
aroiin<l tlie city of I'drtlatid.

He wa> married on ()cti)i)L'r 21, ISoS, to Miss
Kniily I'lieliis Corliett. sister of Hon. H. W.
Corbett. Tliey iiad tliree daM;;iiters, all liorn in
I'ortland. li. 1870 lie had the nii^-fcirtwne to
l.os(! his wife, who was a lady ol' education and
refinement, with iiMiny intellectnal and [tersonal
charms, and who was helovcd and lamented by
her family and ii larfrc circle of friends. Mr.
Failing rosideei with his daughters in their
handsome an<l commiidinns residence on Fifth
street, between Salmon and 'I'aylor, the grounds
occupying the whcile of the block. The house
suggests comfort ami retinement, while the
grounds ant tastefully an<l attractively laid
out.

Politically, Mr. Failing has always been a
lic])ublicaii, Iiavingbeen a voter when the great
party was organized. Yet, while in State and
National matters, he nujy be said to bo a ])arty
man, in local afl'airs he has always been inde-
pendent, acting on the princiiile that all good
citizens shoiilil unite in selectino; the best man
without so much regard to jiarty attiliations.
To this well-known position <if his is to be at-
tributed his strong (candidacy for Mayor of the
city on the Citizens' ticket of 18(54, at the time
when they desirecl to emanci])ate the (;ity from
the rnhi of politicians. At the earnest solicita-
tion of his many friends, he reluctantly per-
mitted his name to be used, and was enthusiasti-
cally (dected. He carried into the conduct
of miinicipidail'airs the same strict business meth-
ods used in the management of his many busi-
ness interests, and satisfactorily demonstrated
their ajiplicability. During his administration,
ft new city charter was obtained from the Legis-
latiirt', and a system of street improvements
and sewerage was inaugurated. His adminis-
tration was heartily indorsed by all of the best
citizens, as was c\ idenced by his almost unani-
mous re-election, in 1805, for a term of two
years. In 1875 he was again elected Mayor,
serving the people as before, in a highly -^'lis-
factory manner. Since then he has taken no
active part in local politics, other than that re-
(juired of a |)rivatt« citi/.en who ha;- the welfare
of his city at heart. Under the J.egislative act
of 1886, ho was made a member of the Water
Ciuiimitteo of the city, and has since served as
('Imirinan of that Conimittee. This body pur-

chased and enlarged the old water- works. It is
empowered, however, and now has plans under
way, for the construction of a new water system,
which will tnei^t more fully the demands of a
constantly growing city. Like his father, Mr.
!'"ailing lia> always taken active inUd'est in edu-
cational matters, ami was for a number of years
a liegent of the State University, to which ollico
he was first ap|)ointed by (i.)vernor TliaycM", and
atterward reappointeil by Governor Moody.
He is also a Trustee of the Deaf Mute S(diool,
at Salem, and Trustee and Tntasurer of the
Children's Home, and also Trustee and Treas-
urer of the Library Association.

Mr. Failing has been for forty-one years
actively engaged in business in thocity of Port-
land, and during all this time has been an assid-
uous worker, and owing to his eminent finan-.
eial ability, his efforts have been successful in
the highest degree. Tenuiorate in all things,
he is today, notwithstanding his many years of
mental and bodily labor, still a strong, young-
looking man, a re[)resentative of what we W(Uild
like to have all our American citizens become,
but, alas! to(( few aspire to emulate suclicxalted
examples, while still fewer succeed in attaining
the goal of their commendable ambition.

-'^•■^3-;^

f^LHERT .1. GOODBllOD, a very well-
[b known resitlent of rnion, Union county.

J* Oregon, was born in Germany, luibruary
l,*7, 1844. He came to America with his parents
wlien he was very small. His mother died when
he was a small boy, and thus Albert w,is thrown
u|)on the world to tight tlut battle of life as his
voung and inexperienced judgment might dic-
tate, lie had sonu) limited school advantages
during hi> youth, and improved every oppor-
tunity with advantage to himself. At an early
age he chose the bakery trade, in which he be-
came j)roficieiit in all its details, which he fol-
lowed at Xewark, New Jersey, until the war of
the Rebellion was begun, when he enlisted as a
T)rivate in Company U, Scott's Nine Hundred,
First United States Cavalry. He started to the
front frotn Staten Island, ami went to Washing-
ton, District of Columbia. After serving two
years in the Army of the Potomac, the regiment
was ordered to New Orleans, where it was
changeil to the Eleventh New York Cpvalry.

UlStOIlY OF OUKGOS.

lost

Mr. (inuillji'oil Wii- ill soveiiil skiniiitilKs in
Maryliiiui, from Mmlily Hi'iiiich to IIurpi'r'H
Kerry, was iil-o iit tlio liiittle of I.cfsliiir;;, tlio
.--fCoiKl liattloof Hull Itiiii, and at Fairfax IJoiirt-
Ilousn.wliero.oii Jmu' 27,18('i;J. the riiioiiariniiia
foiiirlit the (JoiiteiiiMatc (Jciieiala, lifu, Stewart,
ami Stoiiuwall .laclcson. At this place lio was
iiiifortmiatc enough to lie woiiinleil Ity a iiiiiiie
iiail, wiiicii liroke the fourth joint of his i);ick
iioiie, leading a iiolo tliree ineiies in diameter,
wliich he carries to this day. This wound kept
him in tlie hospital for seven inonths, at'tor whieli
he joined his regiment, and went to New Or-
leans. From New ( )rlean8 ho went to Carleton,
and from tliere to I5atoii Kongo. The fall of
18lit, in lionisiana. in a skirmish at Liberty.
Mr. (Joodhrod was again wonnded.and later on,
at Brook Haven I'eceived a severe wound in the
head t'roinasaber cut while in a hand, to, hand con-
tlict with the lebels. This wound, however, did
notdisaljlehiin, l)Uttlie sear he still carries. After
this he went to J'aton Uoiij^e. He then oijtained
a furlough of sixty days, which he enjoyed at
home, at the cx|)iratioii of which he rejoined
his regiment at .Memphis. Tennessee, where it
was engfti^ed in guarding between seventy and
1' miles of railroad, but was afterward sent to
(ierniantown, where they were at the time of
the surrender of (ieneral Lee, and where they
remained several months, until they were sent
to Albany, New ^"ork, where they received their
discharge.

Mr. (Joodbrod served at Hull llun under
General McDowell, at lieesbiirg under (ieneral
Wadsworth, in ISlississippi under General Banks,
and under (ieneral Thomas in Tennessee. At
the close of the war Mr. (ioodbrod returned
home, jirobably not dreaming or realizing that
the battle of life had just luigun. lie made his
Wfiy to San Francisco, California, from which
place, in company with live others, he started for
Silver C'ity, Idaho, which place was then the
center of attraction tor all gold-seekers. The
thought of being able to dig gold in large ipian-
tities from the earth inspired the then inex-
perienced pilgrims with the nerve to face and
tight nil hardships and obstacles that might con-
front them. While en route, and in the eastern
portion of the State of Oregon, they were at-
tacked by a large iiuinber of Indians, but made
their escape through a deep ('anon. .\ few days
later they were overtaken l)y a band of Ciiina-
nion at Dry creek, where there was but little
water, not enough hardly for the little company

of si\,s(i the (jliinamen wert^ asked to proceed,
which they did, going on lo < >wyliee river, whore
they were attacktMl by tlu! Indians and w<'ro all
killed (forty in number) e.xcept (Uie, who some
way made his escape. After a hard light with
Big Foot Chief and his band, at ihe mouth of
Crow creek, the little ])arty arrived at their des-
tination .News came to Silver City that In-
dians Were committing depredations on the
luu'tli fork of the Owyhee, known as Battle
creek, and upon a call for volunteers, thirty-
eight men from Silver (>ity, among them Mr.
(ioodbrod vdliinteered, under Gajitain Jennings,
to render assistance to the settlers. The coin-
iiany followed up the north fork of th(< Owyhee,
where they wi're surrounded by alioiit ■100 In-
dians in a deep canon, but inade a successful
break through the Imlian line, losing two men
and s'jveral horses. Going on to the front, the
party came to a spring, where they were again
surrounded by about MOO of the reij skins, ind
were held for several days. The guides, .iim
Becbu, David i'icket, and Archie Mcintosh, a
half-breed, managed to make their eseaiie
through the Indian line--, by tying sage brush all
over Iheni, and going (uit oiuMlark night. One
of the guides went to (>amp l^yons, one to
Flint, and (uie to Silver ('ity, lor as6ist'"ice to
relieve the iin|irisoned men. Three days later
the Indians liegaii to disperse, wdiicli was the
first tidings they had had of the guides; it be-
ing evident that they had been successful in
getting through the lines. Assistance soon ar-
rivi'd, which averted what would othervvisi! have
been a bloody massacre.

Mr. (ioodbrod remained in Silver (!ity until
187:2, and then came* to (ir:inde Uonde v.illi'y.
lie has since lived at Walla Walla. Washington,
and other points along the then stage route fr(jni
Boise (Jity, Idaho, to the Dalles, in Oregon.
He was for a while engaged in farming near
I'nioii, Oregon, was there three time electeil
Marshal of the city, which otHce he filled with
credit to himself and benetit to the city. As
an officer, he was a terror to evildoer.^. In
1887 he purchased the Gentenuial Hotel, in
Union, which he continued to manage until the
summer of 1>>!)2. His manner of c.omluctiiig
the house has given it a name, of which he may
well feel jn'oud. It was considered otie of the
best between I'ortland and Salt Bake (Jify.

In 18'J0 Mr. (ioodbrod was united in iiiar-
riaiTc to Miss Louisa Shnemakei'. an ( 'regon-borri
lady, belonging to one of the best families of the

w
I-

10.18

ll/.HT(llir oh' OliUdihW

St.lltO. Till! Illlidll llllH Ix'fll lllcSHL'll Witll OIK*

son, Ucorifo /vlljui't, liorn ()ct()l)ei' 17, IH'Jl.
Mr. ( ioodlirod liiis liocii Biuicosufiil in l)U8iiie8H,
uiid hikd at all tiiiioB ixHtii lilicriil liumiccl towai'd
all mattiM'rt of a piihlic orriiaritaMo nature. lie
in a man that, never was contunteil to lu; idle,
lie is the owner of one of the nici'st rc-fidenccs
in the city, toi^ethcr with a tract of liftcfM acres,
which he takes ^reat pride in kee|iino; in tine
condition. He is a vahieil nieniher of the (f.
A. K., Levi I*. Morton Post, at La(irande, Ore-
gon, of which he is now .1. V. (!oniinandcr. lie
lias also been CJoniinandor of I'restoii I'ost, No.
18, at Union, lie takes a great and active in-
fererit in the (}. A. U. organization, and on last
l)ecoratioi\ day presented Levi I'. Moi'ton I'ost
u itii a tine llaj;, ap|)ro|)riately inserihed with the
name and niiiiiiier of the I'ost. The presenta-
tion sp'^cch was one of the |)leaKaiitest features
ofj^the affair, and the ^ift was highly a])preciated
hy Jhis comrades, who well knew how bravely
his lioiiors were won in the war of the Uebellion.
Politically, he is a Ue[)nblican; such a brave
soldier could not be otherwise. He is also an
Odd Fellow, and lied Man, in which orders he
holds otHees. lie is a man that enjoys the re-
spect and esteem of his fellow- men, and is a
valnaiile nieini)er of society.

fAMP:S FAWK came to Orcfron in 1851.
He was bt'i'ii in England, Hertfordshire,
September 11, 18]t>. His parents were
William and Mary(15ond) Fawk. both well-to-
do Enirlish people and iiieinberB of the Estab-
lished CInircli. Our subject was the yoiinirest
child of the family. He was educated in liis
native country, and in 1842 emigrated (o the
United States, to make a home in the new world,
under the protection of the "stars and stripes."
He spent a short time in New * )rleans, and then
went to Adams county, Illinois, where lie rented
land and remained seven years. In 1851 he
started across the plains, with oxen, to (Jregoii.
He joined a large conijiany. part of whom went
to California. The triji consumed over five
months, but only one ileatli occurred. Tlu^y
were in danifcr from the Indians, and had to
keep a very alert guard while pusliintr throuirh
the country of the Snake, etc., Indians. Upon
his arrival in Oregon, Air. Eawk remained a
month in Portland, Oregon, then a very small
hamlet, and then came to Polk county, and
took uj) a donation claim on Salt creek, in the

Applegatct neic^liborbood. He obtained itIiO
acres of land, built a small log house, and began
life as an Oregon pioneer. This projierty is
still owned by Mr. Kawk. He li\fd on it
twelve years, and then puridiapod a ([inirter-soc-
tion of land at ( )ak (trove, which he built on and
iniprovi'd, residing there ten years, lie then
purchased 140 acres on the Salem road, live
miles west of Salem; be lias built a nice
li(uiie on this |)rope]tv. Mr. Fawk has carried
on i'eiieral fariiiiiiii and stoek-raisirn'. lie has
taken an interest in ini|)roving the roads in the
vicinity, and has also taken a deep interest in
the educati(mal matters of his district, and has
contributed land for schoolhouses and churclies.
feeling that both are essential to the well-'.ieing
and prosperity of the county.

Our subject was married before starting for
America, in 1886, to Miss Elizabeth Kobinson,
a native of Bristle, England. Two children were
born in Illinois, dolin and Mary, the former of
whom is now the wife of Mr. James Hridwoll,
and they reside on the farm, two miles south-
east of Dallas; John is married, and resides on
the farm his father gave him. liesides these
children, two other sons were added to the fam-
ily in Oregon: Henry is marrii^i, and also
lias a farm given liiin by his father, although
he spends ])art of his ;'-ne with bis jiarents, as
he operates his father's farm for him; Wallace,
the youngest son, has the farm at Oak Grove.

At their pleasant home, Mr. and Mrs. Fawk
are enjoying the fruits of their laliors, sur
rounded by every comfort. They were reare(l in
the fiiith of the Established Church of England,
and are faithful adherents to the '-faith of their
forefathers." Mrs. Fawk has proven herself one
of the worthy pioneer women of ( )regon. In
all of her husband's enterprises she has aided
him, giving him eiicourageiiient when needed,
and praise when deserved. P)Oth Mr. and Mrs.
Fawk are worthy members of society, and richly
deserve their success. They enjoy the esteem
and respect of a large circle of friends in all
parts of the county.

ILI.IAH FENTO.V, a prominent and suc-
cessful jeweler of Weston. Umatilla coun-
ty, Oregon, was born in (iascoiiade, April
1, 185ii, and is the oldest son of five children,
born to (i. W. and Louisa Fenton, nee Mattock.
The father is a native of Indiana, ami his wife
of Tennessee, Thev moved to jMissouri at an

HtSTdllY i>F (lUhUWS.

WW)

early iliiy, mill Mr. Fiiiitnii clio-o muiliciiif in liin
|(ripfnK.sioii, wliicli li(' liiis l'ullo\v(i>l fur forty
ytmrs. Ho now resideH in N'oriioii comity, Min-
Hoiiri, and follows the nnictico of iiit'ilicine, iit
tlic ai.r() of sixty iiinp. tlin wife is still liviii;,'.
anil fliey arc fort iiniite in not liii\ inj^ Inui a sini^lc
ileatli in their I'aniily, iih yet.

I'.lij.'ili attemlcil the cdniinnii scIkhiIs of hi^
eoiinly until cii^'htri'ii years of aire, when he
Ipcgaii life for hiuiself. lie served an a|)]iren-
ticeship in watchinakiiii.j and ei\ il-cn^ineerinj,'.
and al.so learned to work in wood, bo he is for-
tunate enouj;li to iiavo several trades at hi8
finger tips. lie can make anything' from a
watch to a waj^on or plow, as he n\>n worked at
the hlacksniith and wheelwright trade.

In l^Sl he came to Oi'Ci^'on, and settled in
the Willow valley, where he remained tliiec
ytiars, workiiio; at his traile. lie theii removed
to Milton, where he met with an accident, and
was hurt, and lost all his projierty. lie then
moved to Weston and commenced anew, and is
now rnnnino; a wagon-shop and jewelry husiness.
He lia> been ohiifred to make two starts in life,
hut now has a very coinfoitahle home, where
he and his family reside. As ho is a g<Mjd
niechanic he will soon he in good circumstances,
if his health will only >tand the strain.

Ho was married to Miss Arniilda Norris, a
native of Indiana, who ca?ne to Oregon with
her jiareiits in 1H82. Her father, H. Norris,
was drowned in Snake river, on the journey ; her
mother is still living. Mr. and Mi's. Fentoii
have three children, namely: l''.lnier, Clintie and
Harmon. Mr. I'Vnton is a memherof the K. of
J', of Weston, and is a highly respected citizen.

lOUTHKKX OKIiiiON LUMI'.EU and
MANrFA(;TURIN(i COMPANY, of
(irant's Pass. Oregon, dealers iti sugar
anil yellow pine Inniher, 8a^h. doors, shingles,
lath, moldings, mill work, in all its branches,
and fruit bo.xes, was established and incorpor-
ated in the spring of IS'JI. They are the suc-
cessors to W. (i. (iilhert & Co. The follow-
ing gentlemen arc the otiicers of the company:
Alexander llnrgess, president; »W. H. (lil-
bert, vice-nresideiit and ifcueial inanae-er; .1.
A. iJlair, secretary and treasurer. The factory
is operated by steam |)ower. and einyloys fifteen
skilled workmen and laborers, and does an exten-
sive biisiness as far south as Fresno, California,

where they do a large trade in lliu line ol rniit
lio\e>. The conipatiy also owns mill iiroperty

a finv miles Miiith of < irant's I'ass, which lias ii
capacity of from ir),(K)() to '.id.Odd feet of luiii
ber daily. The company does a large local
busille^s in general bull ling material.

W. II. (iilbert, \ ice prci-ident of the linn is a
native of Wyniiiing, and was born in the citv of
Auburn, March :i:f, iMoCi. His parent.-., Moses
and Martha (I'nlnam) (Iilbert, wer(! Imth born
ill the Kinpire State, of which the former is
now deceased. His alicestilrs were among the
early settlers of Connecticut.

The subject is the fifth born in a family of
eight (diildreti. He was leaned to farm life, and
received his education in the, town of his birth.
Hewent to CJalil'ornia in 1ST7, locating at Teha-
ma, where he engaged in the lloiir mill lMi>iness,
subseijuently removing to \'irgiiiia City, Ne-
vada, where he became a coinmission dealer in
the hide and wool tratlici for about three yi^ars.
He located at Ashland some six years ago, and
his family still lives there. He owns live acres
of fruit land adjoining the city of Ashland,
where he raised jirumvand pears.

He was married in .Vshlaud .Vjiril 15, 188(5, to
Cora Kggleston, a native of New York. They
have two children: Lewis K. and Willie H. Mr.
and Mrs. (Gilbert are worthy pi'ojile, and are
highly respected by all who know them.

-*t<

•m'<®^^>^

tS. ri']RKINS. proprietor of the I'erkins
House, of Portland, an (estimable man
"* and inlliiential citizen of the melro|)oliB,
is a native of Hristol, Kngland, wluu'o lie was
horn I'ebruary 4, ls:iO. His father was one
of the prominent wlnilesale butchers and cattle
dealers of l!ristol,an honest and deserving man,
highly resjiected by all who knew him. li. S.
Perkins was educated at the boys' school, near
liristol, after which lie entered his father's es-
tablishment, studying there the process of
butchering, in which he afterward became very
skillfiil. In 1851 he emigrated to tlm United
States, first locating in Cleveland, Ohio, where
he was employed by the large establishment of
Stedman brothers. In the fall he went to
Toledo, where he was em])loyed through the
packing season by Howard i\; \Valker. Passing
the winter at Worcester, Ohio, he started in
.\pril. I'iij'.i, across the plains fur ()iegon. driv-

'i'i.

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Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80

(716) 872-4503

1060

lirsTOIiY Oh' nitEdOS.

iiif^ four yoke ol oxen lor Uolicrt I'criT lor liis
board mid traiiBiiorliitidii lor the journey. They
aceoniplislied tliis long joni'ney without unusual
incident or hiird.-hi|i, and arrived at tlu' Dalles
in the Moveuilicr iuinicdiutely tollowini^. I'ro-
eeeding thence to the Cascades, haviujf only
SKi, he was there employed iiy one Hush, who
kept a boardiuif house. Late in November he
arrived in I'ortlanil, where lie worked for a few
weeks for Albrj>j;bt i\: White, butchers, wlieu he
and .\. 11. .Iiihnson fornieil a partnership under
the firm name of .Johnson it Perkins, and con-
ducted the iMMpire Market for about ten years.
In lst)2 the tirm dissolved, Mr. I'erkins ciiiiaif-
iiiii- in the droving business, |)Urchasinir cattle
throughout the Willamette valley, and driving
them to the mines in Idaho. IJc continueil in
this business for about two years, when ho went
to Montana, and was there also engaf^ed in Iniy-
inifand scllinir. lie then returneil to Portland,
fdllowinji; a similar occupaMon tliere. In ISOSt,
with 4-,40() sheep, he started for Califoi'iiia, but
Belling them on the road, he then went to Texas,
where he picked up a herd of 4,(H)() cattli', with
which he started across the plains for Oregon.
He passed the winter of 1870-'~l in Idaho,
where he sold part of the herd, and in the
si)rinii- of IsTl drove the balante to (>rc<;du.
where he subsequently sold the rest to .lohnson
& IS|iauk'ing, the cnter|)rise proviuj^ very suc-
cesslul. lie then followed farniinit iu Wash-
ingtoii county until 1S72, when he bought a
herd of K)0 cattle, and drove them to I'nnitilla
county, eastern < >regon, where he purchased
'jiglity acres on Putter creek fn- a corral; he then
turned his cattle loo.'^e, and engaged in the
stock business. Increasing his herd to 5,000,
with about oOO horses, he continuefl in tiie busi-
ness until lfS8(), when he sold out p.nd returned
to Portland.

He then rented the Ilolton House, which he
conducted for five years. In IS'.tO he built the
i'erkins House, on tlie eorni.'r of Fifth and
A'^ashington streets, lt)0 x 100 feet, six stories
high, wliich was oi)ened Februi.ry 4, 1891. It
is .)ne of tlifc most imposing b'.iildings and one
of the best hotels in the ' ity, proviiled with
all modern impro.'emen'.ti and handsomely fur-
nished. It is lieadquartei's fov the stocknu'ii of
the Northwest.

Mr. Perkins was inari'ied in Polk county, in
1857. to Miss plizabeth Fast, a daughter of
Jolm Kast, who came with his family across the
plains in 1843. They have had eleven chil-

dren, ten surviving, five sons ami Hve daughters.

Ho owns nnudi valuable iinjiroved property
in Portland, besides a (pnintity of that which ia
unimproved, but in a desirable location, ell
has besides this 800 acres iu Washington
county, this State, and eighty acres in Columbia
county, having, probably, more land than any
other one man in the State.

He is a prominent member of the F. & A.
M., of the Ancient OhKm' of Druids, and is
president of the Cattle Men's Pioneer Associa-
tion.

^ .« * ^i

iISS MATTIK L IIANSEK, A. M.,

ilean of the Woman's College, aiii.l Pro-
fessor of Ancient Languages in Wil-
lamette I'niversity. is a native of Sullivan
county, New York. Her father, Jesse C. Ilan-
see, now a resident of lilstor county, .New
York, is of Knglisli descent. Her mother is a
member of the (iillette family, of Connecticut,
who were among the early settlers of New
England, and connected with Sir I'rancis Drake.
Dean Ilansee received hor education in New
York, and at the State Univei'sity of Indiana.
Thiough Dr. D. S, Jordan, now president of
Stanfoi'd Pniversity, she was called ti the Uni-
versity of Washington, located at Seattle, where
she tilled the chair of Ancient Languages. She
remained there three years. In 1888 she was
elected to the position in Willamette University,
which she now occuj)ies.

— '^^m^'^^^ —

fllARLES IIEILPOPN, a popular citizen
of Astoria, ( )regon. and the founder and
senior member of the firm of Charles
Heilborn & Son, the leadi.ig furniture estab-
lishment of the city, was born in Umster, I'ms-
sia. in 1825. His father was a cabinet-maker
and furniture manufacturer, niuler whose direc-
tion and able tutelage the subject of this sketch
learned the business. Seeking broader oppor-
tunities and a larger field of labor, young Ileil-
born. in 184!^, emigrated to the United States,
that Mecca of discontented and asjiiring spirits.
Arriving in this country, ho first went to
Ciucinmiti, Ohio, a manufacturing center, where
ho found oinployment at his trade with Smith
iV Ilawley, a jirominent firm of that place, with

illsruRY OF OUKnoN.

ludl

wlioin lie ruinuiiitid until 1864. He then went
to Mankato, Jiluc Eartli county, Miniii'bota,
where he establiijlu'd iiinisclf in tlic niann-
fai'turinrj biiBiness in u t-nnill way. livin>r mid
transai'tini; l)n8inuss in a little loj^ cuijiii. With
the lapse of time and the extiMisiun of iiis Im^i-
ness, his facilities were increased, until his
fuctory ^ave 8tea<ly employment to tifty men,
in tlie manufacture of all grades of cheap fur-
niture, to meet the recinireinents of that mar-
ket, which were manufactured in hoth retail and
wholesale quantities. He also operated a liranch
store at Worthiu<;ton, and did an extensive
business at both places, and in the ^urniunding
country. iJesides this he handled largo (juaiiti-
ties of walnut lumlier, which he fold in St. I'aul
and Minneapolis.

On the outbreak of the Sioux ilepredations
and massacres, in the fall of I8li2, he was corn-
missioned by Governor Alexander Uanisey, First
Lieutenant of the "Home Guard," which was
organized for frontier protection. This com-
pany participated in many spirited engage-
ments, and continued in service about a year,
until relieved by the regular army.

In 1874 he soM out his interests in Alinne-
Bota, preparatory to seeking a home in a mililer
climate, which should bo free from severe win-
ters and destructive cyclones, lie came to the
Pacific coast, which seemed to offer the induce-
ments lie desired, both as to business o])por-
tunities and the comforts of life. lie made his
lieadtjuarters in Portland, Oregon, while he
sptMit two years in looking over the country,
seeking a permanent locaticm. lie tiiuilly de-
cided on Astoria, where, in 187(i, he took up his
abode. Here ho engaged in the sale of furni-
ture, but (lid not do any manufacturing, jiro-
curing his supply in carload lots directly from
the large and excellent factories of Chicago and
Grand Itapids. He has continued successfully
in businezs, enlargitig his stock, as occasion
seemed to re(]uire it, until he now has a large
and diversified assortment of furniture, carpets
and upluilstery, suited to the v..ried demands of
the market. His store is located on the corner
of Tliird and West Ninth streets, where he has
a salesroom of 50x100 feet, above which is a
second floor of 100 x 100 feet. Besides this he
has a two-story building, 30 x 50 feet, where he
has a complete stock of ironware, so that young
couples starting in life can secure everything
necessary to furnish a house, in either one or
the other of his excellent establishments.

He was niarrieil in .Mankato, Minnesota, in
ISt')."), to Miss Alma I)ortibury, an intelligent
and amialih! lady, a mitive of (iermany, who
was reared from childhond in Pennsylvania.
They have six children: Otto F.. Charles, l.aura.
.Mma ami IJosa. ( )tto F., who is a mcniber of
the firm, was marrie<l in San l^'ranciaco, October
l(i, 18S'.I, to Miss ^(innie Rinn. an estimable
lady, and a native of the Ciolden State. They
have one child, a sun, named Herbert Sydney.

The subject of this sketch has never sought
otiice. but through the solicitation of friends,
representing the desires of the Republican party,
he has twice been nominated and elected Treas-
urer of Clatsoji county, which is a nn)st flatter-
ing proof of the confidence rejmsed in his ability
and integrity, lie carries into the discharge of
his iifhcial duties tlie same (pialities whicli Ik;
exercises in his private business affairs, the
steaily prosecution of which have raised him to
prosperity and honor.

t»* '-.'SO ■z' *^

:ILMAM (iUUl'.nS, an aged and hon-
/d\'ll oi'od citizen of Forest (iro\e, now in his
X ^-i ^S Ti eighty-sixth year, was born in Pitts-
burg. Ponn.-ylvania, ^Iay 2(1. ISOfl. On account
of his age and experience and the regard in which
he is held by the community, he might be etyled,
not the Father of his Country, but certainly the
Father of Forest (irove. His father, Conroid
(irubbs, was born in the same State as his son,
and was of (ierman ancesti'y. He was niai'ried
to Catharine Wyble. a native of his own State.
They hail eleven children, of whom Mr. (irubbs
is now the only survivor.

The subject of our sketch was reared on a
small farm, twelve utiles from Pittsburg, work-
ing on his father's farm and at tlie carpenters'
trade. He came to Oreg(jn in 1870, and jiur-
chased a farm at Fugcne, where he remained
five years, when he sold out and removed to
Spring \'alley, ill Polk county, where he pur-
chased anotliei' farm, residing on it for another
five years, and again sold out, this time coming
to Forest Grove, in 1880, where he purchased a
block of four acres, where he has since resided,
partially retired from active business, but rais-
ing on this fine block choice fruit and vegetables.
Mr. (irubbs married Miss Margaret McCiinnis
in 1839. She was a native of his own State and
a daughter of Robert .Mo(iiniiis, a fanner there.

Li' «.

lOiW

iifsrour Of ouKGON.

Tliev lire tlie parents of tin- following chil-
ili'i'ii: 'I'lieir eldest son, Henry Wilkinson
(irnbhs, is a in<Tcliaiit in Chicago; Lewis B.,
resides in La Camas. Wasliinifton; and their
danghter, West Anna, is the wife of J. A. Mc-
Cniie, a banker of I'oi'tland, who has a hand-
some residence in Forest Grove; Charlotte, is
the wife of Sainnel L'win, of San Francisco;
Kliza K., is the wife of L. M. liedrnan, and re-
sides on their farm, twelve miles from Portland.

It is a source of gratification to Mr. (Jrnhhs
tiiat he has heen a Ue|)ni(lican since the organ-
ization of that |)artv. He has never been a
niendjor of any fraternal society, lie and his
wife were reared I'resbyteriaiis, and have been
married tif'ty-three years, enjoying the highest
regard of their fellow-men.

ilonorable and indiistrions, intelligent and
persevering, Mr. (irui>l>s has gone through life
prosperously, followed by the kindest wishes of
all who knew him.

^••^

15 U A ir A M II AC K L E MAX, a pro-
minent pioneer and influential citizen, of
Linn Cdunty, was born in Itiish county,
Indiana, in 182!t. His parents, Abner and
Klizabeth (Lyons) llackleman, were natives of
North Carolina, and emigrated, with a number
(if the llackleman family, to Uusli county, Indi-
ana, being the pioneer settlei's of that county,
subseijuently removing to Iowa. His father was
employed in agricultural puiniits and also in
tile practice of medicine, which profession he
followed (piite extensively. In IS-to he was
seized, like so many others, with the desire to
emigrate to Oregon, and he was induced to act
as captain of a train of forty wagons, in their
western journeying, regarding which and their
destination, very little was then known. Ac-
complishing the trip successfully, Mr. llackle-
man j)roceeiled up the Willamette valley, and
loeate<l on some land, which is now occupieil by
the eastern part of the city of Aliiany. In the
spring of 1841) he returned to Iowa for his
family, an<l during the fall of that year delivered
many speeches, to large assemblies throughout
the State of Iowa, on tiie wonderful resources of
Oregon. His purposes were then frustrated by
disease, and he died in November, 18-16. His
plans and intentions were so clearly expressed
to his son, Abraham, that, in the spring of 18-17,

he and his friend, John Hurkhardt, joined their
ox teams, and started on the long journey to
Oregon, Abraham taking with him a choice
nuvre, wliich he rode on the otT days, when not
driving the cattle. Five months were consumed
on the joui'iiey, and in October, 18-17, they
landed in Linn county, Abraham at once set-
tling on the claim of 640 acres, which had heen
loeateil by his father in l!S45. He then built a
log iiouse, and with his mare and a single yoke
of oxen, his entire stock in trade, coinmenceil
his pioneer life. The adjoining chiiin was then
located upon by Walter anil Thomas Monteith.
Hearing of the California gold excitement,
Abraham, in .Vugnst, 1848, joined a party of
thirty men, who, with jiack-horses, started to
California. They met with much trouble from
the Indians in the llogue river country, but
arrived at last in safety on the liig bar of the
American ri\er, near Ilangtown. There they
mined with considerable success until February,
1849, then returned to Oregon.

Mr. llackleman was ifcrried on March 2'J,
1849, to Miss Eleanor 15. Davis, daughter of
Truett Davis, a jiioneei' of 1H47.

Later in the season he again went to the mines
on Feather river, but, on account of illness, was
not as successful as before, and after four
months he returned to his farm in Linn county.
In 18o2 he surveyed seventy acres, and laid otl'
the first additon to Albany, and has since added
other lands for city ])urposes. His farming
o])erations were continued, and he gradually en-
gaged in the stock business. In 1858 he drove
a herd of 300 <'attle to eastern Oregon, where
he took up 1,000 acres of swamp land in Crook
county, and there engaged in the stock business.
Subseipiently he purchased 2,000 acre; of laiul,
and commenced raising horses and cattle, which
he has since continued, his herd now averaging
700 cattle and 800 liorses. He has fifty head
of registered shorthorn cattle, which is a choice
herd, ranging from $200 to $800 each in value,
and his general stock is also shorthorn grade.
His horses are (Ilydesdale and Percheron grade,
the stallions being imported and registered
stock. In 1S64 Mr. llackleman lu'lped to organ-
ize the Willamette Valley & (Jaseade Mountain
Military Wagon Iload Company, to construct a
road from Albany across -the (Jascade mountains
to Hoiso City, Maho, a distance of 400 miles.
The road was six years in building, and after
being run n<f a toll road, was sold out. He is a
stockholder and a director of the Oregon Pacific

insTDUY OF (IliKdO.X.

10(i:i

Kiiilroiid CoTiipany, tlic nmil running from llal-
Bted to Vacjiiitm liny, lln still resides ii|)<iii
his original claini, ol whicli he owns 4ii(t acrt's.
lie also owns 33;i acres, located four iiiilcs south-
east of Albany, bcsidus valnahle city property
in Albany, Astoria and Vaijuina May.

Mr. and Nfrs. Ilackleinun iiave four cliildren:
Pauline, now NFrs. \V. K. Itice; Thurston 1'., a
practicing lawyer of Ali)any; Denwan I)., a
farmer; and Frank, who is engaged in the stock
bu»ine88 in eastern Oregon. Mr. HauklemaM
has been strictly temperate all his life, and now
at the age of sixty-three years, is a specimen of
remarkable preservation and great physical en-
durance. The wife of his boyiiood. the com-
panion of his trials and successes for so many
years, still adds comfort and happiness to their
tasteful home, a typical pioneer couple, of sterl-
ing characteristics and abounding in good works.

-<-^

-*=-

fILLIAM U. GARDXKlt, one of the
leading mechanics uf the town of
Weston, Umatilla county, Oregon, is
the 8ui)ject of this notice. He was iMirn in
Lee county, Iowa. March 1. 1854. Isaac (iard-
ner, his father, was a native of Obit), who went
to ^[issouri when a young inan,v and there mar-
ried Miss Sarah Slater, a native of the same
State. After marriage they moved to Iowa, and
in 18G2 Mr. Slater, with his family, crosseil tlie
plains by ox team, spending six months on the
road, having some little trouble with the Indians
atampt'ding their cattle.

The family settled in Uaker county on a farm
where Mrs. Gardner died February ~1, 1867, at
the age of forty-one years, and Mr. < Gardner is
now living with liis sous in Weston in his
sixty-eighth year. There were nine children in
the family, but five of whom are now living, of
whom our subject is the oldest, his brothers and
sisters being: Isaac,. Ir., living in Weston; Ida,
the wife of Jolin Anthony, living in Idaho;
Nevada, the wife of tleorge Kigdon, of Idaho;
and Onier, living in Illinois.

Our subject reeeiveil his education in the
couuiion schools of Baker county, but after the
death of his inother set to work for himself.
He was anxious to improve his mind, therefore
worked on thy different farms until he realized
means sufficient to obtain a better education.
Then he went to Saline county, and there at

tended the Stiite I'niversity at that place. Hav-
ing finished his course, he then engaged in
farming, at which occupation he continueil Cor
a term of Hve years, but feeling the need of a
ditl'ei'4'nt mode of life, learned the trade of
blacksmith, serving an apprenticeship for three
years.

.May 10, 18S'.', our siii)j(Mrt came to Wesliwi.
bought a lot anil built a large smith and wagmi-
shop, where he has cuntinued to carry on his
business, ami being a gond workman, and nblig-
ing to his |)atrons. his success has been steadily
growing. While in Haker City lie was the
victim "f a bad accident, the elfects of which
caused him to lay by for two months. The ac-
cident happened in 1881. and was caused by the
overturning of one corner of a lionsc against
liiiii as he was assisting in its removal.

The marriage <if our subject took place in
188(5 to Miss Viola M. Marcuin, a native* of
Illinois, who came to this State from Illinois in
1888. She was the daughter of I'radford and
Caroline Marcum. who were natives of I't'iinsyl-
vania. Two children have been born to .Mr.
and Mrs. (iardner: Carl II., aged four years, and
Iva H., aged one year. Socially, our subject is
a>member of the A.O. V. W.. of Weston, ami is
also a member of the Odd Fellows, and is \'. G.
of that order in Weston. Politically, he was a
Democrat for a long time, but has lately allied
hiin.self with the People's jiartv. believing that
the best for the country. He is an active,
energetic young man, who has made his own way
in the world, and deserves the prosperity whicli
has crowned his efforts.

fOSEI"' GALIHtEATH, a prosp-rous farm-
er of \, ashington county, < )regon, was born
in Iowa October '.», ISo'i. His father,
Samuel (ialbreath, was born in Pennsylvania in
1S30, and served as a soldier in the Mexican
war. He married Miss Mary Spencer, a native
of loWa. Two children were born to them in
their Fastern home, (leorge and Josejih, and
with his wife and two little sons, iti 1852,
crossed the plains to Oregon. They had a safe
journeyand they located in the Tualitan valley,
on r>-K) acres of land, on which he began ])ioneer
life in a little log house. Here he labored and
made a good farm, and was an industrious and
upright njan. a worthy member of the Method-

■'::a\1

ludl

utsTony ov oiihvox.

ist (-liui'cli, itiid wiiK II mail ulio (■oiiimHiulcil tlio
rospuct iiinl esteem (pf all witli whom he had
ever iiuiiie in cmitact. He and liis wife are both
deceased.

.loseph (iallireath, the snbjeet of tile present
i^lu'tch, was leaivd on tiie new farm until iiin
tentli year, and then beiran life's t^tniifirli' on his
own account. As a boy he herded cattle, and as
lie grew up lie enirajred in other farm work.
Later he went to the mines at Orophaiia and
made good wages. In the full of ISTG he was
able to purchase thirty-six acres of land, ami in
1877 he married Miss Louisa Cuminiiif^s, who
had been in Portland in 1^552. She was the
daughter of Krwiii Ciimmiiii;s, a pioneer of
( >regon. She and her young husliand liveii on
the little fan:; for one year, and then rented her
father's farm, until later he purchased 170 acres
of it, and she inherited ninety-live acres.

Since that time our subject has conducted
the whole farm very successfully, and in IH'M
erected a tine and comfortable residence upon it,
and there the family now resides. With them
lives Mrs. Cummings, a dear and honored old
lady, now in her seventy-sixth year, one of the
iiinch-esteemed and lirave |)ioneer women of
Oregon. ^[r. and N[rs. (ialbreath have^a
family of seven children, as follows: Arthur,
Clara. Kva. Klla, .lane, Doiin and .Jolin.

Mr. Galbreath is a Republican, and a success-
ful and enterprising man, and has held the po-
sition of Constable for four years, and that of
School Director for si.\ years. lie was only
eleven years of age when he went to the mines,
and remained there seven years and gave his
family all he made, amounting to about $1,G()0,
and this was previous to his becoming of age.
He never neglected or forgot his duty to liis
parents, and such has been his life in the county
where he has been reared, that he deserves and
receives the esteem of all; II is family are
everywhere held in tlu greatest respect.

II. GOLTllA, one of the wealthy
ami influential citizens of Albany, is
|« an Oregon pioneer of ISoii, and has
done his |iart toward helping to develop the re-
sources of this section of tlie country. As one
of its prominent citizens, it is eminently fitting
that some personal mention of him should be
made in the history of his county.

W. II. (Joiira was born in Middlesex county,
.New Jersey, in lSi!4, son of Oliver and .Maria
(Harris) (ioltra. natives of the sanio locality,
liis ancestors were among the early settlers of
that State. Iteared on the farm and educateil in
the pojiiilar schools of that day, he remained in
his native State until 1852, when he went to
Illinois. There he soon afterward contracted
the Call'' nia fever, and in the spring of ls53
started overland for the Pacific coast. With
one team and four yoke of oxen, he joined a
train hat was composed of six wagons and
about hi'teen people. The grass giving out on
the California trail, they turned their course to-
ward Oregon in order to get feed for their
stock. Tlieir journey was without unusual in-
cident until they reached the Cascade mount-
ains, their only loss of stock being from drink-
ing the alkpli w^aters. The Indians gave them
no troubli' whatever. In the Cascade mount-
ains they met a heavy snowstorm as they
crossed tlie summit, and with the delayed travel
and short supplii'S, the situation became serious.
At this juncture they were relieved by a travel-
ing trader, who sold them Hour at ^:J0 per sack
of fifty pounds. Continuing their journey, tiiey
arrived at Oregon City, uii the 12tli of October,
185ii. There Mr. Goltra passed the winter,
engaged in work at the carpenters' trade, as he
arrived without a dollar in his pocket, and with
his one suit of clothes badly worn. In the
spring of 185-1 he rode up the valley on horse-
back, looking the country over for a suitable
location. Arriving in Linn county, he selected
a site which he predicte<l would some day be
crossed by a railroad. His prophecy has come
true, "(ioltra." a station on a brancii of the
Soutliern Pacilic, being located on his land.
He has since added to his original claim, and
now owns 480 acres.

Mr. Goltra was married in Linn county, in
185(i, tc Miss Sarah Denny, daughter of Chris-
tian Denny, a pioneer of '1852. He then set-
tled on his farm, and was engaged in agricult-
ural jiursuits until 1873. Since that year lie
has lived in Albany, and has done an extensive
business in buying and selling grain. He has
invested largely in real estate, purcliasing land
to the amount of I.IIOO acres in the vicinity of
Albany. In 1883 he began the sale of agricult-
ural implements, imrchasing the property on
the corner of First and Kllsworth streets,
ttOx 102, for warOhoiiso Diirposes.and continuinti

piirpo

the business about five years. Since then he

:?i

arsTnllY i)F iillKiloy.

l(lll."l

has devoted all his enerj;ics to tlie liandliiif^ of
grain, mid toliis iirivatc atrnirs.

Mr. Goltni was 0110 of ilie orgiiiiiz('r> (if tlic
Alliaiiy Street liuilmad in 1890, wliicli laid the
track from First and Wa.-liinffton strcL'ts to the
Soiitliern I'acific depot. They expect soon to
extend the track three miles, running throngh
Goltra I'ark .\ddition, and to exclianju;e horse-
power for Ktcain. Mr. (idltrii was also an in-
corporator of the l^inn ('oniity National Hank,
and is vice-president of the institution, lie is
B stockholder in the Alliany Mining iV Milling
Company, and in the AUmny Electric Light
Company.

He and his wife are the parents of three chil-
dren, viz.; .Vddie. wife of I). W. Rumhangh. of
Alhany; Laura, wife of ,1. 1'.. Starr, of Olympia,
Washington; and John ()., secretary of Port-
land Savings Hank & Trust Company.

Mr. Goltra is just completing a handsome
and .-spacious residence on the corner of Fourth
and Montgomery streets, lie started out in
life with the idea that "The Almighty helps
those who help themselves," and upon that
proposition he has performed his duty, and been
prosperous in his undertakings.

* '• 3 '- ^ ■{■ ^> <- : <-

ff-:<)U(iE AV. GRAVES is one of three
lu'others who reside side by side on three
good farms, located just soutii of Sheridan
on the Vam Hill river. These brothers are all
prosperous farmers and honorable Oregon pio-
neers of 1847, their father, the Hon. James B.
(rraves, having crossed tlie plains with his fam-
ily tliat year. (See the biography of Thomas
}s. (-traves in this work.)

(leorge W. (rraves was the si.xth of the family.
He was hoin in Warren county, Missouri, De-
cember ^3, 18i(;!, and remained in his native
State until he was fourteen. Of the long and
tj'dious journey made across the plains at that
time he has a vivid recollection. After remain-
ing awhile with the brother and brother-in-law
who had eome to( )regon theyear previous, the
father selected a donation claim, and the family
settled on it about Christmas time, lS-1-7. The
following March they buried the kind and lov-
ing mother. She was adevoted Christian woman,
and a member of the Baptist Church. Her
untimely death, just ta they were stirting their
new home in this western country, was a sad
blow to tliem a]l.

The subject of our sketcdi remained on tlie
farm with his father until he was old enoiigii to
take u|i land for himself, .lames, who was next
to the oldest brother, had taken a donation claim,
and (ieorge W. purchased •,'",'5 acres, located
six miles southeast of Sheridan. .Mr. (iraves
was married aiioiit this time, settled on his ian<l,
and lived on it two years. He then piirehased
his brother's :{2() acres, moved to it in 18()(). and
here for thirty-two years he has liveil and pros-
iiered, working hard to ilevelop ami lieantify his
home. He has erected a nice residence and
other tirst-elass farm buildings. Since settling
here he purchased 320 acrres of his father's dona-
tion claim, thus increasing the value ami extent
of his jiossessions. His rich soil has amply re-
paid him for the labor expended upon it. .Vt
times he has raised as high as eighty bushels of
oats to the acre and from thirty to forty bush-
els of choice wheat to the acre.

Mr. Graves was married October 18, 1855, to
Miss Ellen McCain, a native of Indiana and the
daughter of .lames McCain. Eight of their ten
children are living, all occniJying useful ami
honorable positions in life. Their first-born,
Alice, a bright and interesting child, died at the
age of nine years. William was a promising
youth of fifteen when he died. Those living are
as follows: Wallar A., who resides at Mount
Tabor, near Portland; Cora Bell, wif(i of A. B.
Chandler, is pleasantly situated near her father;
and .lames Franklin, Lucy E., Ezra C, Oscar . I.,
Carl C. and i.eroy are with their jiarents.

Mr. and Mrs. Graves are co'isisteiit members
of the Methodist Church at Sheridan, and are
always found ready to help any cause that has
for its object the advancement of the best inter-
ests of the town. Politically, Mr. (iraves is a
Republican.

'HOMAS.F. graves, a successful farmer
and worthy citizen of Polk county, Ore-
gon, was born in this county, Oetoiier
•i-V, 1855. The (iraves family are descended
from English people, who were early settlers of
Virginia. Grandtather JaiTie-> B. Graves was a
native of the Ohl Dominion. He came to Ore-
gon a3 early an 1848, and was a ])romineiit liic-
tor in public affairs here, serving several terms
as a member of the Territorial Legislature of
Oregon. He died in the seventy-eighth year of
his age. Mr. Graves' father, Charles B. (iraves,

lOIIII

llISToUr oh' UUKOOX.

\vu» tiorn in Kentucky in l^'2i. ami in 184()
I'ainu ti) Oi'i'iron unil Kuttk'il <in ii d<inntl()n claim
near Sheridan. IIltc lie niarrit^d in 1850. He
continned to rei^idc on IiIm claim until 18(>3,
wliiMi he went to ("alifornia, rctnrninj^ after an
rtlisence of ai)oiit a year. He tlicn |)ureliascd a
tract of land two miles and a half northeast of
McCoy, where he re.-ided and to which heailded
until he liecatne the ownei' of 1,()(H» acres. He
was a meniher of the Christian Clinrch, was in
polities a liepublican, and his lite wjis character-
ized by honesty and industry. He died .lannary
'2ii, IW'2, in the sixty-ninth year of his ai;e.
His widow and eie;lit ehihlren >urvive. Tiie
names of the children are as follows: Kmma S..
wife of I'aul Kiii<r>ton: Thomas .1.. Glenn <)..
.lames I,.: Mary I''., wife of l'\ !•'. Post; .Nellie,
wife of Felix Kertsoii; and Nt^ttie and Daisy.

Thomas .J. (iiaves was reared on the farm on
which he was horn. He is a i^radnate of the Mun-
mouth Colle^re. class of 1S74. October 20, 187s,
lie married Miss Martha V,. Shelton, a native of
Vam Hill county. ( I retro n, who died January <),
1881, leavinir a little son, Herbert ( Juilford.
May 31, 1885, Mr. (i raves wedded Mrs. Mary
E. Wilcox, widow of .lolin E. Wilcox. She had
two children by her first nntrriage: IJelle and
Martha, ^[r. and .\[rs. ( i raves have three chil-
dren: Edith, Cecil and Glenn.

Mr. Graves is a Royal .\rch Mason, and a
member of the (irand Lod<j;e of the Independent
( )rder of Odd Fellows. I'olitically. he affiliates
with the liepublican party. He was elected
County Assessor in 1880, and in 1882 served as
I)e|)nty (Jouiity Clerk. lie has been interested
in farming all his life, is a man of (food busi-
ness ability and jjeiieral information, and may
always be counted upon to support any measure
which has for itsoliject thi^ advancement of the
best interests of his county and State in which
he takes a just pride.

SON. JOHN H. HAI,1„ a native son of
Oregon and a wortliy member of the bar
■^■■^ of I'ortland, was born in ^[ultnomah
county, twelve miles east of tiie city of I'ort-
land, 'July 17, 1S54. IHs fathe'-, Benjamin F.
Hall, was a native of Indiana, who came to this
State in lH."j2, and settled on tlie •• B<'njamin
Hall" donation claim, twelve miles east of Port-
land, where lip l)tiilt a cabin, improved the

iro|)«'rty, and resided until his hisdoatli in 1800.

n Hearlxirn, Indiitini, he had nnirried Miss
Emily liicklin, and witli her and the two chib
dreii came overland, witli a company of 100.
On (ireeii river they were attacked by iinliaus,
but succecdiMJ in repulsin;; them. On arriviiifr
at the Columi)ia river they built rafts and on
them lloated down a portion of the wav; ami
the trip was indeed a perilous one. Here, in
< >regon, three dauirhters were liorn in the family:
Uebecca, Mary, Elizabeth ami the subject of
this sketch. T'he dauirliters have since dieil,
and •loSDph, one of the (diildren who crossed
the plains, is also dead. Mr. Hall's mother
survived her husband only four years. The
orphan then livecl with his nnclo five years,
when he was lifteeii years of ajje, and thencefor-
ward he cared for himself, workinj^ and attend-
iiiir school until he was twenty. He then fol-
lowed farminir for three years, imd Oct<ibei- 8,
ls7T, he married Miss (>live Powell, a native
of Orcfron, and a daughter of Jackson Powell, a
worthy ])ioneer, who came to ( Iregon in lS47.
In 1878 he came ; East Portland, investing in
property which has since greatly enhanced in
value. As an illustration of the growth of the
place and the increase of value, he says: "Two
of the lots which 1 bought for SOOO l' have re-
cently sold for S2,000."'

After arri\ ing in Portland he was in the feed
and livery business two years, and then associ-
ated himself with J. M. Stott and purchased
the pioneer hardware business of East Portland,
from Kirk .Sheldon. They conducted the busi-
ness successfully until 1883, during which time
Mr. Hall studied law. After selling out his
hardware business he commenced the regidar
study of law in the office of Judge Stott, Waldo
i^: Smith. In October, 1888, he was admitted
to the bar, and has since then continued in the
|)ractice of his chosen profession. Office, on the
east side. He has held the office of Deputy
District Attorney several years. In 1890 he was
elected a member of the State Legislature, and
he is now (18'.t2) the member for ^^ultonlall
county. During the last session he was a mem-
ber of the Jmliciary ('oinmittee, and he has the
honor of introducing in the House the bill for
the .Vustralian ballot system, to which he gave
his best efforts until it paseed. In politics Mr.
Hall is a stanch Republican, and has given hi.s
party efficient aiil in the campaigns; he is a
member of the County Central Committee
Mr. liftll is a stgckholder in the Citisens' Bank

nrsToUY (IF liliKdON.

UMV

Soiiiu ycarr* iigo tlio citi/.eiis on the I'ust side
felt tlii'iriHeKes oj)|irftiee(l l)y u grinding iiiKiiop-
olj, and an untcrprist" wiin started to rt'iiU'uy
till) L'\ il liy linildinga water hystein of tiieir own,
nii'ftinij; wilii strong ojiposllion. Mr. Hall l)n-
wmic i'nli>tu(i in the eaMHc, anil actcil as : ttorncy.
The issni) was taken to tlic Supreme Court, ami
the complaining citizens succeeded in the case;
and now they Hre Bnp])lied with an ahuiidancu
of pure water at cost; and also, \>y the same
cnter|)rige, the city is lighted hy electricity.
Thus, throughont Kast Portland, property is
greatly onhnncecl in value, owing in a high <le-
gree to Mr. Hall'.- special interest he took in
the all'airs. He has owne'' •' vast amount of
city jiropcrty, and has Imilt himself a line
residence.

Mr. Hall is a meinlior of the Society of
K.xeinpt Firemen, also a worthy niemher of the
I (>. O. I'". III! is an illustrious "native son,"
a capable and honest lawyer and a useful and
upright citi/en. His career has, indeed, hecn a
reinarkahle one as, step by step, he has arisen,
by his own honest efforts, from the orphan
farmer boy to the attluent citi/.en and the Legis-
lature (if his State, the growth of which has been
Bimultaneous with his own.

— -^m^^m^

SOX. r. W. HALKV, of I'olk county, is
f?li an Oregon pioneer of 1850, and a native
of thiv State of Illinois, born Oecember
2n, 1847. He is of Scotch- Irish ancestry, his
grandfather, Henrv Haley, emigrated to Amer-
ica and settled in Kentucky, wjiere Petrarch II.
Haley, the father of our subject, was born, in
180"i, and married some years later. Here live
of his children were born, and his tirst wife
died, and ho then removed to Illinois, where ho
married Jane McWater, a widow with five chil-
dren. Our subject was the only child of this
marriage. The father of our subject came to
Oregon in IS."):?, with his wife and three children,
two of the Others having preceded him to the
West and one was left behind, who iftorward
followed them. He located on a donation
claim, to which ho bought the right, situated
near Monmouth. Here he resided for twenty-
live years, and then retired to Monmouth, where
he resided eight years and then died, in 1884.
He was a (piiet, industrious man; an Kkler in
the Chn«ti»ij Church. He liaJ his own opinions

on all public (|uestions. and while he was a lle-
pnblican during the war. at its close voted the
indcpendiMit ticket, and coMtinned to do so until
his death. His faithful wife 8ur\ ived him six
years before she, too. died.

< )ur subject was educated at Alonmouth and
graduated in lS(i7, then atteudel Ilespanan
(College, at Woodville, California, and also
graduated ut n business college .Inly 1, ISti'.t.
he Jthen retired to ( )regon, and in the fall of
1809 was uuirried to Miss Alices I'arkcr, a native
of Missouri, born hebruary, 1853.

II! 1870 he purcliased ninety acres of land,
his present home, live miles south of Monmouth.
Ilei-e he iitul his young wife began their mar-
ried life, Mr. Haley teaching 8chor)l. He has
succeeded in life and purchased K50 acres of
land adjoining, also has ;i70 acres in I. inn
county, and is now the owner, in all, of Old
acres of improved land, on wliich he ie raising
grain and stock; raising good Clydesdale horse-.
In politics he is a !)cmocrat, and has taken a
lively interest in the pjlitics of the county. He
was nominated and elected by his party a mem-
ber of the State Legislature, in 1887, and was
an earnest and ca|)able worker in the interest of
his party. Ho is a member of the Masonic
fraternity and of the A, O. U. W. Both he and
his wife arc members of the I5aptist Church.
They are tho parents of 'ight children, namely:
Orion E., IvaL., David W.. Nellie .M., Kn'la
J., Minerva .\., Uuby I., and Percy. Mr. and
Mrs. Haley are highly esteemed by all who are
acfjuainteil with them. Mr, Haley is noted for
his tine business ability and strict integrity.

?ACon F. FKUCilEX, partner in the Hrm
of Arndt & Ferehen, pniprietors of the
Pioneer MachineShop8,of Astoria, was born
near Hamburg in 1847, His father. Jacob M.
Ferclion,\va8 an extensive manufacturer of plows,
harrows and light and heavy wagons, and in his
factory his son, Jacob, began to learn his trailo
at the age of ten years, beginning with the
blacksmithing department and siibseiiuently
taking up boiler-making, lock and gunsmithing
and general machine work, passing eight years
in the several departments. \t the age of
twenty v»'ar« ho started out in life, lirst visiting
Quebec and Montreal. He then entered tho
I'niteJ States, and accepted hi9 (irsl engagement

,. 11 fl

;i;.'

1':'^!

!:i

lOtW

//l.sTiiUy Dlf tUlKUdS.

n\ ( 'lii(!Hi;o in the Sclmftlcr Wii^'nn Mamifactdry,
liut lifter :i fuw iiioiitli- In; wiiiit to An Salilc,
Micliij.faii, t'lij^iiniiifj iifi 8ii|ifriiit('nc|fiit of tlic
iimcliinc mdiI lilack^initli simps nf a liirjie IiiiiiIht
cuiiipaiiy, oiiiplovin^' fnnii tirici'ii tn twi'iitvliv e
lianils.

Mr. Kurclii'ii was inarrii'il at An Sal)li<iii 1872
to Miss Katie KeniiL\y, iiativc of Montreal. In
isTo Mrs. Fcri'lien ami two uliilihvu wero takon
sick aiiil (licil witiiiii ii iicriod nf six inontlis.

.Vfli'r liis niaiii!ii,rc .\lr. Fcrclii'ti hail started a
lihieksinitli hIioj) in Midland City. Imt after liis
heavy l)crea\einent ^[r. Kcridio'i desirt'd ae.han^f,
so fame to Astoria, landirif^ ainoiij^ str:inu;eri-.
He fonnd employment in the cannery if -Mi.
I'ooth, tliron;,'h the season of 187l'>, and in the
fall of the same year he formeil a partnership
with .lacoh Arndt. and started the I'ioneer Ma-
chine Shop of Astoria. They eiii^ai^ed in general
hlacksmitliin^ and cannery work. After ahont
three years Mr. Arnilt retired from the tirn),
first selling his interest to his lirother, Saninel,
who is still in the hnsiness. Their shop is lo-
cated at the foot of l,a Fayette street, and is fully
eipiipped with planers and lathes for {.leneral
ma<diine and boiler work. They are the aijents
of K. W. miss, the nianiifaiitiirer of improved
cannery machinery, and have done an extensive
business in the canneries of the Colnmhia river
and in Alaska. They are also builders of steam-
l)oat8 to a reiristered capacity of sixty tons.
Their shop has a special dynamo for illuminat-
ing, and is complete in every detail, lie is de-
voted to his business interests, and beiiijj the
practical man of the estalilishineiit, to him is
larifely due the excellence which the shop main-
tains among the manufacturers of the coast.

N. FKIIRIN. P.. A., Professor of Math-
ematics in the Pacific University, For-
> ~j^.\'^ est Grove, Oregon, and an eminent
mathematician and scholar, is a native of Bar-
ton, Vermont, where he was horn October 11,
18.")4. Ilis father, Kev. Clark E. Ferrin. 1). I).,
was born in Londonderry, New Ilainpshirc,
July 20, 1818. Five generations of the family
have been born and reared in the Eastern States,
and three of Prof. Ferrin's uncles served in the
civil war. liis father married Miss Sophronia
Boynton, a nati veof Derby, Vermont, and daugh-
ter of John Boynton, of that State. They had

livo children, of whom our ttiibjecl was tlie third.
Our Riibject's father was for twenty one year* a
ilevoted and acceptable pastor of the ('ongrega-
tional Cliurch at lleardsburg, \%'rmont. Ho
died in 1881, aged sixty. three years, much la-
mented by all who knew him. His wife and
faithful jiiirtner for so long, survived hlni but
a cou|>le of years.

Prof. Ferrin was educated at Heardslmrg, in
the academy and nuiversity, graduating at the
latter in 1873 with the degree of Hachelor of
Arts. Afti'r reading law foi' a c()U|do of years,
he decided to adopt for Ids life-work the voca-
tion of teacher, belie\ing he could in that ca[)aci-
i ty be of the most benefit to his race. When a
boy mathomatics seemed peculiarly his forte,
hi- taste running ill that direction; accordingly,
he soon berame a very proficient mathematician.
Ill' is |) irticiilarly endowed with the ability to
impart his knowledge and to insjiire in others a
love for his favorite study, both uf which facul-
ties render him an eminent success in his pro-
fession, lie canio to Forest (irovo as the jirin-
cipal of the acadeitiy, in 1877, and afti'r serving
for four years in that capacity was elected to the
professorship of mathematics, in 1881, which
position ho has since tilled most acceptably.

He was married in 1885 to Miss Martha M.
Haskell, a native of I'loomfield, Ohio, a daugh-
ter of George II. Haskell, a substantial fanner
of the Western lieserve, < )hio. They have
three children, all of whom were born in For-
est Grove: Livia E., Ilaskoll E. and Ilolman B.

The Professcu- has purchased property in an
attractive location in the beautiful city of Forest
Grove, and is about to build on it a liandsoine
residence.

He is an efficient member of the Congrega-
tional Church, tilling the office of Clerk of tliat
society, lie is a liberal-minded and progressivo
citizen of the commonwealth, devotedly attached
to its interests and the prosperity and welfare
of his favorite city. His blameless life renders
liim an object of afTectiouate regard to all who
know him.

MOTHY ({OODRICII, a reputable and
prosperous farmer, of North Yam Hill.
>> Oregon, was born in Alliens county, Ohio,
March 1(1, 1837. Ilis ancestors came to Amer-
ica from England, being passengens on the May.

niHroUY OF OtiKllOS.

I (MO

II)

rtdwcr on lifi- ftcoonj voyn^'i" to tliit< country.
TIk'V HL'ttli'd ill MiiBfiiicliUKcttf iiiul Connecticut.
1111(1 in tlio intt(tr Stiitc Imk fntlicr Hn<l ^riuul-
fatlicr, l)iitli imnKMJ 'I'imotliy Ododricii, wcrti
iioni. Ili^ fnliicr wns a ^oliiier in tlic war of
1H12. Wiicn a yoiiiiir man lie niovi'ij to t >liio,anil
tliiTC inari-icii .NlisK Tiypiiosa Ilewctt, n native of
Atiieiis CI 'iiity, Ohio, anil adauj^liter of Kiiliraim
Ilewctt, wlio was liorn in (loniiccticiit. Tiiey
rcareil a fainiiy of i-evon chiliircn, only three cif
whom are now living, the siiliject of our eketcli
and his two ^<i^*te^^<, residents of MiRSoiiri. Two
of the 80118 enlisted in the I'nion army. One
died in the hospital, an<l the other after his dis-
charge, never liavinjr recovered from injuries
received during his service.

'riinothy (ioodrieh waw reareil in his native
State. In IHuti he inarrii^d Miss IJosy ,\nn
Knijjht, a native of Pennsylvania, and a daugh-
ter of Daniel Knight, also a native of that .State.
The Ivniglils were of Knj^lish t-xtraction. Mr.
and Mrs. (ioodrieh were married in Athens
county, Ohio. In 1802, with their three chil-
dren, they crossed the plains to Oregon, making
tlie journey with ox tesnis. Arrived in ( >rcgon,
tliey first settled on a tract of timber land in
Marion county, located eight miles north >if
Salem. He improved his property, and as soon
as he was aide purchased other land, atone time
having acipiired 4(H) acres. This he sold in
1S80. in 187".t he came to Vam Hill county
and piirciiased 222 acres of laud, where he now
resides, half a niilt- north of North Yam Hill.
IJe has since added 17t( acres to it, making in
all 395 acres, one of the choicest farms in
this favored portion of Oregon.

Of the three children Mr. and Mrs. Goodrich
brought with them across the plains, we record
tliat two die(l young; tlio other, (-loorge ("., re-
sides on a farm near his parents. Since coining
to this State other children have been added to
their homo cinde. whose iianies are as follows:
Mary E.. wife of ^[onroe Tallinan, Dayton, Yam
Hill county; Minnie M., a .-uccessful teacher,
residing with her parents; and Kalph H., Aforris
Luke and Hay T., also at home. Airs. Goodrich
is a member of the Christian Church.

i'olitically, Mr. (roodricli atHliates with the
Democratic party. In 1884 ho was elected one
of the two County Commissioners of his county, a
position rwjuiring both ability and integrity, and
the duties of which he performed n-ith credit to
himself and to the satisfaction of all conceriie<l.
IJe was a member of the Grunge in Marion

county, and after coming to North Vaui Hill
joined the order here. While he i> rcgardcil
as a conservative ma.i, lio is, nevertheless, ready
to aid any enterprise that he thinks will licdp
the farmers, and aid in the impnivemcnt an<l
devclo]inient of Oregon.

UlAULES HALlXiAUTII, one of the
prosperous and promiiu'Ut farmers of
Union county, was born in Kngland in
18;)8. He was reared in bis native pla<'e, and
came to America when but ninetfcn years of
age. His first winter in this coiinti , wm> |)assed
in New ^'ork. but in the spring of the tollowing
year he made his way to NVisconsin, from there
to Louisiana, ami in IHt'iO he went to Califcmia,
where he engaged in mining, at which he worked
for three years. His next removnl was made to
Idaho, where he riMuained but a short time, then
returned to Oregon, went to ('ai'ion City and
there remained for four years, engaged in min-
ing. At these mines he was so successful that
he was enabled to make a good start in life, so
ill 1808 he came to Union county, settled in
Indian valley, bought land and engaged in
raising stock. Mr. Ilallgarth then settled near
Klgin. rnion county, where be purchased land
and improved it until his farm is one (if the
finest ill the entire county. On this land he
built himself a fine residence, at a cost of
^2,000, ai.d ill addition he has two largo barns
and other sub«tai)tial oiitbiiildingB, iiecssary
for the carrying on of a first-class farm. He
has engaged in the sheep business, and in it, as
in every other enter])ri.so Mr. Ilallgarth under-
takes, be has been successful. He now owns
1,200 acres of good land in Niles township, 500
acres of which is cultivated and farmed by our
subject.

Mr. Ilallgarth was married to Miss Jane
Long in ls74. This lady i^* a native of Indi-
ana, but her parents were both natives of Penn-
sylvania, of Pennsvlvauia-Dutcli ancestry. The
parents of Mrs. ifallgarth came to Oregon in
1804, where her father is still engaged in farm-
ing. Mr. and Mrs. Ilallgarth have bad ten chil-
dren, namely: VVilliani, accidentally killed when
he was ten years old, by a stray shot; John,
George, Nellie, Joseph, Jessie, Carl, Jacob,
Samuel, James and Frank. Mr. Ilallgarth is
one in a family pf ten and erne of liia l)rother.s ia

tOTll

UlsronY OF UltKQON.

I I

a piirtiu'i- ill all of li!« liiiHiiivMrt ciitorpritioe.
Tlicir hliftip M'litii'T i> iiliinit tin) ino»t miccj'kh-
fill, ii!- they tiDW Imiiilli! iilioiit H,()(t() ^lll•t'|l, ail iif
tli(! Mi'riiKi >lipcl<. I'.y tiii'ir strict altciitidii In
liiioiiU'HH Ml'. iliill;;artli iiiul IiIh hrntliiT liavu
Bcciiiniiliittil i|iiitt' 11 rm'tiino. Our guhjeet ia u
nu'iiilifr I'i" Kl^'iii FiOiljie, No. !*S, A. !•'. A- A. M.
lio rcccivi'd Ills niiiiiiiiiitiiiii liy tlie Ilepiililicaii
jmrty fur a cimiity oHicc April, I8!»'i. ami will
iiial<(< a goiMJ riici', at- lie i^ very popular
tliroiijflioiit till! county, esp'ci:iily at li'ime, an
lie has never liiid any tidiilTc '.vitli his neighbors
or i'iigiij{U(l ill a lawbiiit n iiin life.

II A. '^' SON was iiiiinliered Riiionj^ '/he
Oregon pioneers of l^o3. From neeos-
^* sity, anil not from choice, ho was wreck-
ed at the mniitli of the ('dliimhia, hut the land of
his forced habitation has |.riven him a successful
career, and he docs not reirret that decree of
fate, or overriilinir providence, that throw him,
homeless an<l a Btraiif^ev, upon the Orcf^on coast.
He was born u|)on the l.-lancl of Thorsing, Den-
mark, in 18'.i7, where his ancestry had resided
for generatiiuis, engaged in the pastoral life of
ai;ricultiire. I'litij sixteen years of ageoursiib-
ject assisted his father iijion the farm and at-
tended the conimoii schools, as required by the
law of, the country, lie was then transferred
from the land-roll to the navy, and then he went
to >ea before the mast, and after five years of
study and training graduated from the naval
college at Tanning, and was then engaged in
the Sclileswig war until iS.jO, when as tirst-iiiate
he shipjHid upon a I)anish government sloop
running between (!openliagen and Russia, and
then, as second-mate, from Demiiark and Liver-
pool, and Hoston, Massachusetts, where he ar-
rived in the spring of 18.")!. He then shipp'd
before the mast on the barque, George Law, to
San Fraiiciscd. arriving in November. 1852; then
as second-mate of the sailing \essel ^[aratllOIl.
they sailed north, and for twenty-one days lay
in the month of the Columbia river, trying to
get across the bar; at last sailing in, tiiey an-
chored inside of Clackaeop Spit, but during the
night, with a heavy wind blowing and a change
of tide, the vessel drifted <lown the river. The
night was so dark that they could not make sail,
so masts were cut away to case the vessel, but
her destruction was realized as she sprang a leak,
and filially went to pieces upon the bar, all

hands ha\ ing Ik-c:! saved !iy a life-boat from
.\'-toria, which came to their rescue in the
iiiiirniiig. ( Mir siiliiecl lost all liin |i<isser<hions.
lie wa> then taken to I'nrtland, .laiiiiarv 12,
1*^5;J. The following iiicirning he began work
upon a tiat-boat, and was there engaged until
he hail acciiniiihitod I^IUO. then \.-eiit to tlit-
mines in >oiitliein Orei;on, but beiiiir driven out
by the liogiie river Indians, he retiirneil to
Milwaukee in the fall id' 185il. and was em-
])loyed in the pioneer iiurf-ery of Llewellyn A:
Meek. Having accumulated about !J(2,nO(t in
1858, Mr. Hanson purchased fifty acres of land
in Kast Portland, for %\^\ an acre, and still
occupies the same. The lind was covered .. .th
a heavy timber, but being an ambitions man,
Mr. Hanson labored to clear his land and soon
began planting a small orchard, which he in-
creased to twenty acres in a short time, which
for years proveil a source of great profit, the
fruit sidling readily in the markets of San Fran-
cisco. Ill the spring of IxGS he started a nur-
sery, and in the fall of 1873 engaged quite
e.xteiisivelv in the seed business, imiiorting seeds
from the kast and opening a store in town. He
reduced his nursery to ornamental trees and
shrubs, and continued the business until 1880,
when he sold out the seed department, but
continued his nursery, which is now condiicteil
by his son. (!harles E.

Mr. Hanson was married in 18r)tJ to Miss
Nancy .\kin, at Milwaukee, a pioneer of 185'.2,
and daughter of James Akiii. who crossed the
plains from Iowa with his family, losing his
wife upon the jilains. He only survived her a
few weeks after arriving in Oregon, and his
death left fatherless and motherhsss seven idiil-
dren, the oldest i!ot eighteen. These poor
children were left orphans and homeless in a
strange and unsettled country. In marrying
the daughter Mr. Hanson became a father to
the little ones an dguided their destinies. Mr.
and Mrs. Hanson have three children: Frederick
W.; Ida E., wife ofj. CJ. Roberts, of Portland;
and Charles E.

Mr. Hansom is one of the oldest living mem-
bers of Orient Lodge, No. 19, I. O. (). F., of
East Portland. For thirty-six years he has been
an active member of the Centenary Methodist
Episcopal Church, and for fifteen years was
Su|)erintendeiit of the Sunday-school. He is
still a member of the adult class. He was on
the building committee which erected the first
church in l^fi7i w-hich has since been siip-

■'*

HISTORY OA' OUKdON.

1071

mem-

F., of
been
lodist

was
le is
is im

tii-sl

Bllp-

iilniitod by a tine 8toiu< striictiii'c. Wk is a
Ui'|iublican lit pulitius, un<l bus served liis
eoiiiity us County Coiniiiissioner, ami at |ires-
»>ut is a member of tiic City Council, lie
tiikert an active ii, >••••■••■» in public Bcbool mat-
ters, ami for nine yt;i -served on tlie iSoard
of Directors. He tieli. \ s in tlie luw of com-
pulsory I'dm'ution, fe-li'ig tlmt tbo scliool sys-
tem etluctuiilly "iiied out is tlio primary
foundation of ' "est govern men t.

K. lI.MilflNfJToN, a well-known r.:.'
favoiiilily regarded buBincss man of
9 I'Mrtlaiid, ()reij;on. is a nativi; if Xow-
foumlland, wlicrc be was born on Xoveinbor ;J:.i,
1828. His father, .lereniiali Harrington, a na-
tive of Ireland, emigrated wlieii (juite young,
locating in St. Johns, .Newfoundland. Here be
married Margaret Collins, a native of St. Johns,
Newfoundland. They had teti children, of
whom only two survive. They removed to the
TnitcMl States in ISiio, locating in Boston,
iSIassacbusetts, where the mother died, bis father
continuing to reside there until his death in his
Beventysccond year.

AVben fifteen years of age our subject went
to Dover, New Hampshire, wheri^ he lived for
five years, learning the bricklayers' trade, at
which lie worke<l in Providence, ISoston and
New York. In 1852 bo set sail for San Fran-
cisco, on the ship. Samuel Appleton, with 212
men on board, making the voyage in 140 days.
Arrived at his destination, be worked at bis
trade for three years, receiving for his work
from 810 to i^U' a day. At tlu^ end of this
time he jmrcbased a piece of i)U8iness property
on the corner of Third and Evert streets for
S1,5'V), and engaged in the grocery business.
This j' 'operty is now worth $80,000. He was
in San Francisco during all the trying times of
the vigilant connr. 'ttee; and, like all good men,
he assisted the law-abiding to maintain good
government for the city.

He married, in ISStl, Aliss Mary (iovigan, of
New Orh-ans. They have had seven children, four
of whom are living, vi/,.: ^[ary, Josie. John and
Fanney ; and Josie is now the wife of Mr. Brink-
erhoof, the first assistant engineer of the steamer
Columbia. Mary is the wife of Thomas O'Brien,
a business man of Portland. John B. is mar-
ried, and resides in a handsome new residence in

Kant Portland, wbii'li his father l)uilt for him at
a cost of !it lit, 0(10, also giving him other property
to the value of .SOO.OOO.

In 1H.")7 Mr. Harrington came to Portland,
where be engaged in grocery business on the
southwest corner of Front and I! strct't>, con-
tinning there a year, when he started a
grocery, on I'irst street; then began ship-
ping Oregon fruit to San Francisco, an<l was
the j)ionccr cider man of I'ortland. During all
his business {'areer, be has, from time to time,
invested in choice reale state, the advance of his
property in value |)roving c'>nclusivcly the cor-
rectness of bis judgment. He has erectetl a
number of buildings, which he has sold as op-
portunity olf(!red, and all at a good good jince,
still retaining a number of residences and biMi-
ness blocks. In 1857, on coming to Portland,
he purcbaseil of (Japtaiii l'"!aiider> a Mock for
$1,000, which at that time was located in the
woods. This be cleared and built on it, which he
still retains, at a valuiifiou of $105,000. Heat-
tributes his succe>-< to his real-estate invest uudits,
having accumulated a fortune of !i<;{00,000. He
has Imilta large and hanilsome brick block in
Hast Portland, on Fourth street; the Harring-
ton block being a credit alik to him and to the
city.

lie has attiliated with the Democratic party
all his life, and have several times been honored
with ofHce by his constituents, serving for some
time as a member of the City (!ouncil of Port-
land. He is not, however, an ottiee-seeker or
wire |)nller, but with more retired tastes has
ceased to take active part in either politics or
business, being employed in collecting rents and
interest, anil looking after his large investments
in projierty. He is still hale and heirty, ever
cordial, kind-hearted and ap])roachable. He is
absorbed in Portland and her interests, and in
the welfare of the State at large, feeling, as ho
says, that lie should shoidd "speak well of the
ship that has carried him over." His many
Worthy traits of character have endeared him to
the community, his friends and his family
alike.

fAMES W. HARE, the obliging, efficient
and popular Postmaster of Astoria, was
born in Barnesville, Belmont county, Ohi.),
September 8, lS5~, a son of Dr. William Hare.
The latter died in Tyler county, West Virginia,

1072

BISTORT OP OREOON.

ill ISnS, liaving iiiovcil tliero from Oliio in
1863. Our subject was ediicatoil in tiie ])nl)lie
scIiodIs of AVust Viririiiia, and later in tlie city
t<cliool8 of ( 'inciniiati. In 187~. wIkmi jet a boy,
he be<ian Bteaiiiboatin^on the Ohio river, and a
sliort time afterward began raih'oad work, hav-
ing tilled various positions of trust in the latter
capacity. July 1, 187U, he was appointed As-
sistant Keeper of the Government Lighthouse
at Port A(iains, Oregon, under R. M. Lame.
Mr. I [are has served as engineer, first mate and
fireman on several Columbia river steamers; for
iive years was ejiief engineer of the Fire De-
partment of Astoria, Uescuc Company, No. 2,
and while serving in this capacity was appointed
by President Harrison to serve the people of
Astoria as I'ostniaster. Since taking charge of
the office he has established a free delivery,
with an annual receipt of over $12,000. The
office is ill tlie (Joverninent building, and four
carriers, two deputies and one assistant are em-
ployed. The deliveries are made after the ar-
rival of tlie steamers, twice each day.

Mr. Hare was married September 20, 1883,
to Miss Sarali Brown, a native of this city, and
they have two children: Martha Ellen and Jo-
seph Thoir.as. Socially, our subject is a mem-
ber of the K. of P., Pacific Lodge, Xo. 17, is
President of the Marine Engineer's Beneficial
Association, and president of the l''ire Depart-
ment of Astoria.

UlARLES W. (iAY is among the repre-
sentative men of Mount Tabor. He was
born in Maine, Alarcli 11, 1840, and his
father, EliplmsGay, was horn in the same State,
August 11, 1811. Their ancestors came fro!n
England before the Revolution, and our sub-
ject's grandfather, Timothy Gay, was a soldier
in tlie Revolutionary war. He was appoint-id
by the Rev. Jason Lee, one of the prominent
founders of Methodism in Maine, the second
Class-leader in the town of Farmington. He
WHS a member of the Methodist Church for
sixty years, that being the religion of the entire
family. IVfr. (iay's father married Doratliy
Johnson, of his own State, and the daughter of
Mr. Levi Johnson, a hotel-keeper in North
Vienna, Maine. She was a school teacher at the
time of her marriage. They had four (children.
She was an excellent woman, a faithful member

of the Methodist Church and died in 1847. Her
husband also belonged to the same church. lie
was a farmer all his life, and lived a good,
upright life, dying in 1889.

('liarles Gay was the youngest child, and is
now the only survivor of the family. He was
raised and educated in Farmington, the place of
his birth. When eighteen years of age he came
to California, via Panama, and for four years
was engaged in mining at lone City, Mule
Town and Morris Town. Like other miners, he
made and lost money. Out of one claim he
took SSIOO. sometimes getting as much as %i in
one pan of dirt, and one time took out 840 in
one tlay. When he discovered his best claim
they said in the newspaper that a greenhorn
from the States had struck it big. At that
time he had found SIO in one pan of dirt. Af-
ter he left the mines he came to Port'and, and
M-as sent by a company of men to examine the
new mines at Morris City. If he found them
satisfactory he was to take up and hold all the
clai-ns he could. When he got there he found
the coui>try very broken, a great deal of snow,
thousands of men, and no gold to be found out-
side of the claims already taken. He reported
adversely, and went to the Dalles and worked in
the Mess house, where they were huilding the
railroad. He was hired by L. F. Carter who
has since been Surveyor-General of Idaho. After
this Mr. Gay went to Oregon City and formed
a partnership with William E. lirainard, and
they were together a year and a half, then in the
fall of 1864 came to Mount Tabor, and pur-
chased 160 acres of land.

In 18f)5 Mr. (ray was married to Minerva,
daughter of N. JJ. Gillham, who in 1852
brought a large train of emigrants to Oregon.
They have had six children: Emma C, died inlier
twentieth year; Nellie ('., married Frank Wal-
ton, and they reside in AVashington; Frank E.,
resides in California; Rufiis A. is at home;
(trace O. and Clara C. are at school.

Mr. Gay and h.is partner o,Hirated the proper-
ty together, and set out 2,000 pear trees. They
till n divided the place, Mr. Gay taking forty
acres with the improvements for his share.
They were a mile and a half from schools, and in
1874 Mr. (ray sold the property for !f5,000, in
cash, and purchased forty acres on the west side,
near the schoolliouse, o* Mr. ,] . S. Newell, for
84,200. Mrs. (iay's father gave her thirty
acres adjoining it, and the farm is now consid-
ered as being worth $70,000. Mr. Gay has

n I STORY Of OliKGON.

io:;t

continued to invest in real estiite until ho now
has 700 acres of land. He has built a nice
home. The property where he built has been
changed from a rough forest to a beautiful ini-
proveil country, dotted over already with homes,
showing that it has been settled by people of re-
lined tastes, and, in many instances, wealth.

The family are members of the Portland
Taylor Street Methodist Church, and Mr. Gay
takes an active interest in its welfare. Jle was
the Superintendent of the Sunday-school. lie
is a strong temperance man and Prohibitionist.
In 1875 he was nominated on the Independent
ticket for State Senator, and he stumped the
county, coming within forty votes of election.
Considering that he ran against great odds, the
canves was very creditable. He has been Super-
visor and has given great satisfaction. He is a
man of character and ability and is worthy of
the succesb he has attained.

fOllN L. DOUGLASS, deceased, a promi-
nent and prosperous Oregon pioneer of
1852, well known throughout Multnomah
county as a man of upright character and genial
disposition, and whose loss was lamented wher-
ever he was known, was a native of Pennsyl-
vania, having been born in Crawford county,
April 30, 1837. His parents, John and Eliz-
abeth (Le Fever) Douglass, were both natives of
the Keystone State where the former was born
June 15, 1794, and the latter April 25, 1801.
They were married in the State of their birth,
November 30, 1819, and had ten children, of
whom John L. was tlie ninth in order of birth.
About the year 1840 the father joined the gen-
eral exodus, then commencing, toward the West,
and with his family removed to Indiana, set-
tling in Wells county. Here they resided eleven
years, their son, John L., being reared on the
home farm, and receivi-.ig his eddcation in the
county schools. At the end of this time, in
November, 1851, the family again turned their
faces toward the W^est, this time making the
long trip across the plains, thus traveling al-
most across the entire continent, from ocean to
ocean, and that at a time when traveling was
exceedingly tedious and slow. In their journey
across the plains they met with many hard-
ships, which culminated in the sickness and
death of the Injloved wife and mother, who died

August 5, 1852, and was sorrowfully buried <in
the banks of the Green river. With sad hearts
the remaining members of the little home circle
then pressed onward, reaching Multnomah
county November 12, 1852. Here they settled
on land, and once more eonuneneed the life of
frontiersmen, where the father afterward died.

.lolm L. Douglass, whose name heads this
notice, was about fourteen years of age when
his parents eniignited to Oregon, and lived for
some years witli the family on their land in
Multnomah co\inty. In Januarj', 1858, he was
married to Miss Eliza Mitchell, a lady of do-
mestic tastes and accomplishments, residing in
his neighborhood. This happy union was of
short duration, being terminated by the death
of the devoted wife and mother on March 20,
1867. Of their three children, two now sur-
vive: George W., a highly esteemed resident of
Troutdale, and James A., of whom a sketch
immediately follows. While yet a young man,
the father departed this life on June 13, 1873,
bereaving his children of a loving father's care,
and leaving many friends to mourn his loss.

James II. Douglass was the third child of
John \j. Douglass, and was born in Multnomah
county, Oregon, July 4, 18(55. He was thus
eight years of age when he was bereaved of his
ftither's care, his mother having died some years
previously. He was reared to farming, but has
recently engaged in other business. In 1890
he built the well-known Troutdale livery, feed
and sale stables, which he conducted success-
lully for a year, when he sold out and engaged
in the real-estate and insurance business, which
he still conducts. He represents several of the
best lire insurance companies, besides standard
life and accident associations. Besides this, he
conducts a cigar, tobacco, toy and notion tore,
in which he is assisted by his aniiabli, wife.
Mr. Douglass owns valuable agricultural lands
adjacent to Troutdale, consisting of fifty acres,
thirty-tive cf which is devoted to general farm-
ing, and two and a half to a young orchard of
a general variety of i,hoice fruit trees. He also
owns choice residence property in Troutdale,
and is universally regarded as a prosperous and
honorable man and progressive citizen.

He was nnirried June 13, 1888, to Miss Eu-
nice Meserve, a native of Indiana, and daughter
of Dr. J. W. Meserve, of Columbia county, Ore-
gon. Mrs. Douglass is gifted with consider-
able musical talent, anil is a lady of domestic
and social culture. Their twelve children in-

U'' I

i .

ill

^iV

1074

HISTOHY OP OliKOOlf.

'■Vi ;ti

lierit this musical gift, and form u baud of
twelve pieees. which often entertain tiie public
and other lovers of instrumental music. Har-
low, tlieir only son, is also the oldest, and enjoys
the distinction of being the first white child ever
liorii in Troutdaie.

Socially, Mr. Douglass affiliates with the \. O.
U. W. and the \. (). V. of Troutdaie. He is a
man of .executive ability, honorable in all his
dealings, and enjoys the universal respectofhis
fellow-men.

fOHN GIJKE-^' has been a resident of the
State of Oregon since 1849, and through
his own efforts has arisen to a position of
financial iudej)endence. He is a native of the
Emjiire State, born October 10, ls20. His
father, liartholomew Green, a native of Con-
necticut, married Miss Deborah Dodge, of his
owTi State; she was a member of one of the old
Colonial families, her father having been an officer
in the Continental army. The result of this
inai'riage was eight children, two daughters and
one son surviving. John was the fifth-born;
the first ten years of his life were spent in
Dutchess county, and at that early age he went
to New York city, where ho became a clerk in
a mercantile establishment. He continued there
until 1849, when the gold discovery in Califor-
nia turned all eyes toward the setting sun. De-
termining to seek his own fortune in the West,
he shipped on the ('lydo for San Francisco; ar-
riving in tiiat city, he embarked in the general
mercantile traile, which lie conducted for a time;
later he formed a partnership with his friend,
H. V,. Leonard, and they came to Oregon, stop-
ping at Astoria, where they established a mer-
cantile business. They opened trade with for-
eign ports, shipping products to the islands of
Japan, China and to Russia. After a year
spent in Astoria, they removed to Portland,
and there, in 1852, eml)arked in a general mer-
cantile trade, to which they added a commission
business.

In 1S58 H. D. Green, brother of John (ireen,
estalilishcd the City Waterworks, Mr. Green and
Mr. iieonard joining him in the enterprise,
with which they were connectiHl until 1886; in
that year they sold their interest, in the city of
Portland, for ;frjOO,()00. They also organized the
(fas Light Company, in which Mr. Green is a
heavy stockholder. In 1876 the brother d'ed,

ami the com[iuny was made a stock company,
being incorporated under the name of the Port-
land Gas ('omjiany. Mr. Green is now |)resi-
dent of the corporation, and his old fi'iend and
partner, Mr. Leonard, is secretary; they two are
the principal owners, and the cajiital stock is
now $1,(K)0.()()(». They have a valuable ]))aMt,
which they built after the most approved plans.
They are largely intereoted in I'ortland city
])ropertv.

Mr. Green became a member of the Repub-
lican party at the time of its organization, and
during the war liberally sustained the cause of
the Union. Aside from this, he has never taken
a deep interest in political (piestions, but has
devoted his energies to the development of
commercial enterprises.

*S|}«>«

fOHN KItKDKRICK GROVES.— Among
the enterisiiig and prosperous hop-growers
and business men of Polk county, Oregon,
is to be found the gentleman whose name heads
this tketch.

Mr. Groves is a native of Indiana, born Sep-
tember 25, 184(). His father, John Groves,
was a native of the State of Maryland, born in
1826; removed to Indiana, where he married
Miss Jane Sutton, who was born in that State.
They had six children, of whom five were reared
to maturity. In 1864 he came with his family
across the plains to Oregon, starting from Adel,
Dallas county, Iowa, May 5, and making the
journey in company with a large train. They
had good health, the Indians gave them no
trouble, and their horses stood the trip well.
When they arrived in Oregon they settled on
rented lauds, two miles south of Dallas. There
they farmed successfully two years, after
which they purchased 320 acres in Marion
county, and resided on it eight years. At the
expiration of that time Mr. Groves sold out and
removed to northern California, taking all his
family, except John F. He jiurchased 500 acres
of land ill \lodoc county, and there resided
until the time of his death, in 1890. He was
a member of the Christian Chui-ch, was in
|)olitics a Democrat, and was an honest, indils-
trions and respected citizen. His wife survives
him, and is still living at the home in Modoo
county. One of the sons, George, is in Idaho.
The other children are in California.

lUaTURV OF OltSUON.

1075

city

The subject of tliii sketch was in his eigh-
toenth year wlien he arrived in Oregon. Vonng
as he was, he liad just married, in Iowa, Miss
Ada Mericl, a native nf that State, and a daiicrli-
ter of Benjamin Mericl. Ilis young wife ac-
companied him to this State, and they began
life as farmers on rented land. Hy steady, per-
sistent industry he was prospered, and in 188-4.
when the hop business began to be talked of in
Oregon, be purchased twnnty-five acres of land,
which is now in the incorporated limits of
Dallas, and became oifc t)f the pioneers in tha
hop culture industry. The following year,
1883, he purcliased 147 acres of land on the
I.uckanuite; these lands he has since farmed.
The hop vines he planted in 1884 are still
bearing, his average crop being 2,500 pounds to
the acre. He has received as high as 40
cents per pound for his product, and from that
down to 7 cents.

After coming to Dallas to reside, Mr. droves
at once identified himself with the best interests
of the city, and has since been interested in its
growth anil development. He was one of the
organizers of the Dallas Land & Improvement
Company, of whicli he was elected a director.
The company purchased large tracts of land a<l-
joining the city, which they subdivided and
sold. Since then they have purchased other
tracts, and still the work of improvement goes
on. Nearly all the valuable business houses
here have been built since Mr. Groves came to
the place. lie is also a stockliohler in the large
woolen factory now being built in the city, with
a capacity of 1,200 pounds of wool per day.
Politically, Mr. Groves aHiliates with the Demo-
cratic party. In 1884 he was elected Sheriff of
Polk county, and at the end of his term was
re-elec'v(^d to succeed himself, serving a second
term with his usnal [)romptnes8 and efficiency,
and to the general satisfaction of his constituents.
Believing in the advancement of educational
interests, and being chosen several years as
School Director, he was instrumental in bringing
the schools of the city up to their present cred-
itable standing.

Mrs. Groves departed this life in 1873. She
had three children: William B., Belle and
Clark. The daughter died in her seventeenth
year. In 1886 Mr. Groves married Miss Alice
Tatom, a native of Oregon. Her father, James
Tfttom, was one of the early settlers of this
State. They have two children: Madge and
Emerson.

Mr. and Mrs. Groves are Presbyterians and
prominent church workers, he being a Deacon,
and she having served as Superintendcnit of the
Sunday-school.

with his mother and
fourteenth year. He

fOHN (i.VRNOLD, who is engaged in the
undertaking business in Portland. Oregon,
was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, in
1845, son of John E. and Catherine (Evans)
Garnold, natives of Louisiana. His father was
by profession a surgeon, and conducted a large
practice up to the time of his death in 1847.
His widow remarried and subsequently re-
moved to Wisconsin.

John (rarnold lived
grandmother until his

then began learning the trade of cabinet-maker,
which trade he mastered an<l afterward worked at
in various localities until about 1805. That
year he entered the employ of the Union &
Central Pacific Railroads, and traveled toward
the Pacific coast, fitting up the ticket ottices at
the stations alonif the lines of these roads, ar-
riving in California in 1806. He remained in
the employ of these companies until February,
1808, when he removed to Portland. Here he
entered the employ of John P. Walker, a prom-
inent manufacturer of doors, sash and mill work,
and with him remained until the destructive fire
of August, 1873, when the factory was burned
down. He then worked at his trade on the
custom house and post office, and in partnership
with Delin «& Edwards secured the contract to
make the furniture and fittings for the build-
ing which occupied him until 1876. Ho then
entered into partnership with John Ewry, the
pioneer undertaker, and the firm of Ewry &
(rarnold continued business until January, 1801.
At that time Mr. Ewry sold his interest to Mr.
Garnold, who has since coni^.ucted the business
alone.

He was married in Portland in 1872 to Miss
Ellen Latham, a native of Oregon, and a daugh-
ter of B. Latham, an Oregon pioneer of 1850.
They have two children: Catharine and Lena.

^ir. (rarnold is a member of the Ancient (Jr-
der of Druids, Improved Order of Red Men,
Ancient Order of Foresters, Woodmen of the
World, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and
Veteran Volunteer Firemen's Association. He
was a member of the volunteer department more

»l

107«

HISTORY OF OHBQON

than 8fven years, and until the pay department
was establislied. In jxilitics he is a Kepubli-
can. and has served one term as Coroner. lie
is not, however, an offiuo-seeker.

^-^^^^4H' ^^ ' ^ — ' '*

fOlIN 1'. I-'RYEIl. a prominent native son of
()reii;on, was born in Wasiiinofton county,
near lliilsboro. May 7, 1S5S. His father,
Joiiii 1^. Fryer, was horn in Green county, Ken-
tucky, in 1823. and married when youni;, in the
East, kising his wife. In 1852 he, in company
with his chiM, father, mother, and three i)rotii-
ers, Alexander, .)oBe|)liu8 and James M. Fryer,
and three sisters, Hetty, Sarah and Elvira, crossed
the plains to Oregon. Tliey made the journey
with oxen, and it was a t- .le and fairly pleasant
trip. He remained a few months at Oregon
City, coming in the spring to Yam Hill county,
where he worked ^on the donation claim of
James llamage. He then returned to Washing-
ton county, where he farmed rented lands and
did wagon work until 1862, when he again re-
turned to Yam Hill county, and fanned rented
land there for three years. He then purchased
a farm of 412 acres for $3,;J()0, going largely
into debt, but worked hard and was very pros-
perous, and was eniibled to pay for the land, and
make valuable improvements on it. He died
in 18T7, in histifty-fourth year, greatly .lamented
by his family and friends. His second wife was
Mrs. Diana Landers, wiilow of Abraham Land-
ers, and daughter of John Decker. She had
come to Oregon in 1847. She had five children
by her tirst marriage, all now living; Mary Jane,
nowthewifeof William Tucker; Adaline, wife of
Charles Bucl<iiigham', Martha, wife of William
Merchant; Ellen, wife of a Mr. Logan; and
(ieorge W. Landers, the only son by her tirst
husband. 15y her marriage with Mr. Fryer, she
had four chrildren, three now living: Sarah A.,
died i'l 18U1; John T.; .\ngeline, wife of Al-
bert .] . Edson; Netty, wife of James Edson, all
of whom reside in Carlton. The mother died
in 1882, leaving many friends to mourn her loss,
(rrandfather John I'"rvi'r and his wile, who was
a Vaughn, lived princi|)ally with their son,
John L., anil attained to a good old age. They
were all worthy and honored j)ioneer8of Oregon.
The subject of our sketch, John T. Fryer, re-
sided with his parents in AYasliington county
until his sixth year, when he accompanied

them to Yam Hill county, where he attended
the district school, and later the Monmouth
College and the State University at Eugene
City. After completing his education, he man-
aged the farm, and after his father's death the
property was divided among his two sisters and
himself, since when he has resided on the home-
stead.

In 187!» he married Miss Sarah E. Hutch-
croft, an estimable lady, and a native of Wiscon-
sin, her father being Mr. Kobert Hutchcroft.
They have three ■ children, born in Carlton:
Harry L., Millard and Robert Lewis.

Politically, Mr. Fryer is a Democrat, and has
discharged the duties of Justice of the Peace in
a most able and satisfactory manner. He is an
active member of the A. O. U. W.. and at the
writing of this sketch held the office of Over-
seer.

With all the advantages that fair circum-
stances and education can bestow, besides being
gifted with good intelligence aiul extreme activ-
ity, it is not surprising that lie should be prom-
inent in liis neighborhood, while his kindly
disposition endears him to all with whom he
comes in contact.

J^EXJAMIN FRANKLIN FULLER, an
lb j intelligent and progressive citizen of Mc-

Miunvilie, Oregon, who for thirty-one
years has been an inhabitant of the State, is
native of New York State, where he was born
July 20, 1821t. His father. Ezekiel Fuller, was
born in Massachusetts on July iH, 178(). He
married Miss Eunice Wyman, a native of Pitts-
field, Massachusetts, who was born April 1,
1794. They had ten children, seven of whom
are now living. From Massachusetts they re-
moved to New York, and from ihere to Michi-
gan, and later to La Grange, Indiana, then a wild,
iinsettled country. He was a carpenter and a
farmer. He had been a Democrat in politics,
but became a RepublicaTi, and lor some years
held the office of Justice of the I'eace. He was
an industrious, worthy and reliaiile citizen, aiul
highly esteemed by all who knew him. He
died in La Grange September 9, 1859, aged
seventy-three, much lamented by the com-
mniiitv. His wife survived him until 1880,
when she died, aged eighty-six years. She was

illaroHY OF OREGON.

1077

an edueateil atul accomplislied lady, witli many
aiiiialilc traits of character, which eiuloai-ed her
to a large circle of friends.

The subject of this sketch was the eicfhth
child ami seventh son, and hence his parents
named him after the renowned statesman and
patriot, Dr. ISenjaniin Franklin. lie was roared
in Michigan, attending the district schools, and
later learned the carpenters' trade. In 18(51 he
crossed the plains, comini^ direct to Oregon, and
to Vani Hill connty, where he worked at his
trade until September, 1865, when he purchased
111^ acres of land. This ho rented out, and
continued to work at his trade. Later ho added
to his farm until he had 1(14 acres, costing him
$14 an acre. This land he improved by build-
ing on it a good house and barn, etc., and put-
ting it under a good state of cultivation; he
made of it a vi .y valuable piece of property, and
sohi it in 1891 ' for $47.50 an acre. He then
purchased lots in McMinnville, and, doing
nearly all th(( work himself, he built a handsome
residence on the southeastern corner of Fifth and
E streets, where he now resides, surrounded
with the comforts which his industry has pur-
chased. The house is suggestive of elegance
and refinement, and the grounds are tastefully
laid out and rendered attractive by ornamental
trees and shrubs.

lie was married on Xoveinber 28, 1857, in
Batavia, Michigan, to Miss Lydia Jane Cook, a
native of Michigan, and a daughter of Mr. Sher-
lock Cook, of that State. He died in ^lichigan,
but the wife and mother came to t)regon, where
shedieci. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller have one son, who
was born Djcember iJO, 18()1, in Vam Hill
county, and is now residing in McMinnville.

In 1873, wlien the (xrange was organized, Mr.
Fuller became interested in it, and later, when
they built the co-operative store, he took stock,
and' was the contractor who built it. He also
took stoak in the creamery and cold-storage
company, and has interested himself in the up-
building of the county.

He ha^ been a Il3pul)lican all of his life, but
is now a Prohibitionist. Some years ago, wholly
unsought by him, he was nominated and elected
one of the County Commissioners of his county,
and served faithfully for two years in that ca-
pacity, doing gt'od work for his connty, and
heartily indorsed by his constitutents.

Like many of Oregon'^ best men, he came to
the Stat'j pior. In f ict, it wouM seem as if
dame fortune arraugod for all of her best men a

probationary course in the hard school of exper-
ience and ])overty, that tliey might be the better
fitted to enjoy her smile and favor in latei' years.
Certain it is that she found good material in
our subject, and in return she has rendered him
suitable reward.

fO. HANTIiOUN.— Clogelyconiiected with
the canning interests of Astoria we find
' the subject of this sketch, who was born
in Westerville, Franklin connty, Ohio, August
'20, 1S51. His parents, N. M. and Anna M.
(Spillman) Hanthorn, were natives of the same
State, where the father was connecte(l with mer-
cantile interests, and in Wisconsin, Illinois,
Missouri and Iowa. In 1802 he procure<l a |)rai-
rie outfit, and with ox teams removed his family
to Oregon, first locating in Yam Hill county.
He farmed in Vam Hill and Washington counties
until 1867, when he settled in Portland and
followed mercantile life until the winter of 1870,
when he removed to MoiseC'ity, Idaho, and for
eight years was Auditor and Recorder of .Vda
county, being elected and re-elected by the
Democratic party. In IsSl he I'Cinoved to
Weiser City, Idaho, and after one year in the
hotel business he was elected Probate J udge, and
is still the incumbent of that office.

Our subject was educated in Eastern and Ore-
gon schools. At the age of sixteen he started to
support himself, and. as a foundation to build
upon, he first applied himself to learning the
trade of tinner, wliicli, having accomplished, he
pursued until 1870, when his interest was called
to the salmon canning interests. He passed one
season in the tinning department of tlie Eagle
Cliff C banning Factory, owned by IIaj)good &
Humes, and then followed his trade during the
winter in Portland, Oregon. In 1871 we again
find him in the same cannery. He then followed
his trade in Portland until the spring of 1873,
wiien he was employed as superintendent of the
cannery of R. D. Humes, at l>ay View, AVashing-
ton, and continued in that capacity until the fall
of 1870, when he commenced building his pres-
ent spacious cannery at Astoria, in partnership
with Willian Wadhams and Wesley Jackson, of
Portland. They commenced packing during the
season of 1877, and put up 16,000 cases, which
output has steadily increased, witii experience and
increased facilities, until their annual pack lias

11)78

lit STORY OF OREGON.

rciichcd iiliout 30,000 cnecs. Their cstiiblisli-
iiient is conviMiieiitly iii'raiiued for (•(iiidiictirijjf
this hirire Itiisiiiuss, and tho stiindsird of their
iHU'k is hiirli in Knirlaiid and Aincrioa. Tiie
tirin imiiie of J. O. llanthorn & t'o. is con-
tinued, altiiouf;li the controlllTig' interest has
centered with tlie siilijectof tiiis sketcli.

Mr. llanthorn was married in Portland, in
i874, to Miss Ida.I. ivelioifjT, a native of Oregon,
dangliter of .1. !>. ive]loi;cr, a pioneer of 1852.
They have had I'oiir children: Claude 15., Wesley
11., Ida Hazel, deceased, and Ida Faith. So-
eiall.y. Ml-, llanthorn attiliates with the I. O. O.
F., K. of P. and A. O. l'. \V. In Uusiness he is
energetic, resolute and enterprising, and is iiiini-
hered among the I'cpresentativc Imsiness men of
Astoria. His name is a familiar one among the
cannedifoods dealers throui>'h the United States
and Furopo. He owns valuulile projierty in
Portland. Oregon, also in Astoria and (Clatsop
county. Oregon. In fact, he is what is termed
one of Oregon's self-made men.

UlAULES W. IIFLLENURAX I) emigra-
ted to the State of Oregon in 1851*, and is
now one of the most enterprising and
prosperous Imsiness men of Salem. lie is a
native of the State of ifaine, horn in Hangor.
J )ecendier 13, 184."). His father, Charles Ileilen-
brand, emigrated fi'om France to tlie United
States in 1835, and was married in liangor,
Maine, to Miss Martlia Foster, a native of that
State, and the daughter of William Foster, of
Argyle, Maine. Thei-e were born of this union
ten children, oidy two of whom survive. Charles
W. was given the advantage of the public schools,
anil took a commercial course in the college at
I'ortland, Oregon, lie was in the hotel business
in that city with his father, but in 1869 he catTie
to Salem and opened a restaurant, which he has
managed successfully; he is also a manufacturer
of confectionery, and sells large (piantities of
fruits, cigars and tol)acco8. His promptness,
liberality, and honorable moHiods soon secured a
line trade, which he has held for twenty-four
years. Charles llellenbrand, father of Charles
\\ .. died in ls71 ; the mother still survives at the
age of eighty -one years (1891).

Mr. llellenbrand was united in marriage in
1871, to Miss Alvina Short, a mitiveof Oregon,
and a daughter of li. V. Short; two children

were born to them. Lottie J. and Charles V. He
is a Worthy member of the I. O. O. F. and of the
A. O. U. W. Politically, he supports the issues
of the Uepnblipan party. He has r. lirst class
establishment, which is well sustained by an ap-
preciative puliiic.

fli A N K I'. H F M P. H F E , a prominent
farmer t)f North Yam Hill, and a native
of Van) Hill county, was born at La Fay-
ette, March 8, 1X51. " His father, Absalom
Hembree. was a native of Tennes.see, where he
married Miss Nancy Dodson, and had three
children, and with his fannly came to Oregon.
( H' the children who came from the East, Nancy
A[. has been twice married; Jane E. nuirried
Page Tustin, and resides in Pendleton; and
Annie F. is now Mrs. ,lohn Cullum, and resides
in I'astern Oregon. After their arrival in this
State five sons and a daugiiter were born, viz.;
James L., who resides at Sheridan; Andrew
Jackson, inCalifornia; Joel Jordan, at La Fayette;
Frank P., the subject of this sketch; Absalom
Jefferson, who resides at Tillamook; the daugh-
ter, Lillie 1?., died in her fifteenth year.

Upon arriving in Oregon, the family wintered
at Oregon City, and in the spring of 1844, Mr.
Hembi'ee took as a donation claim a section of
land nine miles northeast of McMinnville —
one of the first tracts located in the county. Of
course, having the choice of the country, Mr.
Hembree made a splendid selection; it is the
very Eden of Oregon. In this delightful valley
he built his log cabin and began the life of a
pioneer. He resided there until the Indian war
of 1855-'50, when the brave pioneer enlisted,
was elected Captain of a company, composed
principally of his neighbors, entered the contest
and fought valiantly. In one of the battles
Captain Hembree was shot. His remains were
brought home to his bereaved family, and the
hearts ot all the people were tilled with gre.it
grief. He wan buried on his donation claim,
the Masonic fraternity and the military both
taking part in the last sad rites. Men from all
parts of the county came to pay tribute to the
brave pioneer and volunteer soldier. Notwith-
staniiing the country was new and the methods
of travel inconvenient, yet the funeral was one
of the largest ever held in the county. The
widow survived many years, keeping house uu-

lllsrORY OF OREOON.

I07U

til within 8 few yt'irs of lier deutli, wiiicli oe-
cun-ed iit lier son Joseph's, in Lii Fayetti;, in
1887, and her lionoreil remains were phieed
heHidf thoKe of her hnsband in the little taniily
buryinj;-irround on the donation claim.

Kniiik I'. Ilembre6 was reared principally in
\m Fayette. At the ajfe of ciirhteen years
he began to care for himself. He iidieritctl
1125 acres of the donation claim, occupied
it, and worked out some. In 1S7;5, when
twenty-two years of age, he married Miss Mary
L. Monroe, also a native of Yam Hill county, and
the danifhter of John A. Monroe, who was a
native of Marylatxl, and an honored Oreiron
pioneer of 1845. By persistent industry Mr.
Henil)ree has snceeoded, and now has 403 acres
of the old homestead, one of the finest farms in
the county. As be has prospered, he has inve.sted
in land and real estate, in Portland and other
places.

He has had four children, namely: Charles A.,
now eighteen years of age; Clandie M., sixteen
years old ; Frank V. Jr., nine years ohl ; and Min-
nie Irene, born March 9, 1888.

In 1889 Mr. llembree erected a good farm
residence, which overlooks the beautiful Eden in
which the farm is located. Both Mr. and Mrs.
llembree are people wiio liave paid close
attention to home affairs, and have seldom been
out of the county in which they were born. In
politics, Mr. Hembree is a Democrat. He is a
gentleman of the highest respectability, having
jn.st reason to feel proud of the tract of beauti-
ful home he occupies, and of the county in
which he and all his family were born and spent
their lives, and also of the great commonwealth
of Oregon, his favored State.

W. HAIiDESTV, one of the reliable
business men of Oregon, and a veteran
,^.'- of the great civil war now residing at
Needy, (Jlaokamas county, was born in Indian-
apolis, Indiana, November 4, 1843.

His father and grandfather were both natives
of Ohio. The former, Noah Hardesty, was
born in Belmont county, December 24, 1811,
and remained in Ohio until after his twentieth
year, when he removed to Indiana. In 1832
he married Harriet Baxsley, a native of North
Carolina, born in 1812, of Irish ancestry. They

remov(Ml to Illinois in 1853, a year later went
to Missouri, and from there, in 1804, crossed the
plains to < )regon.

Tiiey had a family of foiirleun children,
eleven of whom came to Oregim, and three died
at an early age. some of the married ones, how-
ever, eaiiie in a different train. .Mr. Hardesty
settled on a farm three miles south of Needy,
where he remained ti\e years, and from whence
he removed to eastern Oregon, residing there
until the time of his death, which occurred in
1889. His wife departed this life in 1874.

S. W. Hardesty was the sixth-born in his
father's family, and was reared on the frontier.
He was seventeen years of age when the groat
civil war burst upon the country, and on the
7tli of August, 18til, he e'.listed in Company
M. Seventh Mis-sonri Volunteer Cavali-y. He
served two years in Missouri and .Vrkansas, and
while engaged in the battle of I'rairie (rrove
he received a gunshot wound in the left thigh,
and also lost one eye while in service, and the
left and last eye was also affected. Hy reason of
his disability he received an honorable discharge
and returned home. After his arrival in Ore-
gon, in 1864. he engaged in farm work, at which
lie continued until the total loss of sight, which
misfortune came upon Inm on the 28th of Jan-
uary, 1873.

Notwithstanding his total blindness, he still did
some general farm work. In 1877 ho opened a
general merchandise store at Needy, buying his
own goods and judging the (juality and style by
the feeling. His business prospered from the
first, and ere long he started a branch store at
^lolalla, where he also had a good trade. He
has made investments in real estate, and now is
tlie owner of several hundred acres of land, and
other property besides his store at Needy.

Mr. Hardesty was married, in 1870, to Alar-
garet E. Sconce, a native of Ray county, Mis-
souri, born in 1849, daughter of Robert II.
Sconce. Her father and family came to Oregon
in 1853. Mr. and Mrs. Hardesty have had four
children, namely: Elmer, who was born in 1872,
is now a jiartner in his fathers store; Ella, who
was born in 1875, died in her eighth year; Edith,
born in 1877; and Mable, in 1879. For a
number of years Mrs. Hardesty has been Post-
mistress of Needy.

Politically, Mr. Hardesty is a Republican; re-
ligiously, a member of the Christian Church.
lie is a member of the G. A. R., and several
times has been Commander of Ids Post.

lOdU

niaroRY of onsnoN.

After he left the army, Mr. llardesty hegaii
life as a day lahorer, ami when ho engaiicd in
the mercantile hnsiness his eaj)ital cmisisted of
only |l-i50. In spite of his misfortnne he pros-
jiered, and for the snccess he has attnined is de-
servinif of great credit. After many years the
Government was not iinmindfnl of his services,
and granted him a pension of S72 per month.

Since writing the above, Mrs. Ilardesty, the
wife of S. \V. Ilardesty. and I'ostniistress of
Needy, departed from this life January 17,
1893. Deceased was a member of the Oregon
Pioneer Association.

(KAN'CIS HANSWIRTII, a retired mer-
chant and capitalist, of North Yam Hill,
and a resident of Oref^on. since 185>^, is a
native of Hungary, l>orn August 11,1828. His
ancestors had long been residents of that place,
and most of them were artisans.

In 1852. when he was twenty-four years of
age, the subject of our sketch embarked for
America, and in due time landed at New Vork.
There he learned the trade of cabinet-making,
and worked at it until 1858. lie then came to Ore-
gon, making the journey by way of the Isthmus,
and stopping at San Francisco one day. This was
at the time of the Fraser river gold excitement,
anil he went to the mires, but lost money in the
venMire. Landing in Portland, lie first worked
for wages, digging potatoes at §1.75 per day.
In 1859 he came to Noi'th Yam Ilill, and as he
had studied architecture and understood the use
of carpenters' tools, he worked first at the car-
penter trade. He built about twelve of the
first houses in the town, everything at that time
being made by hand. After tliat he engaged in
genei'al merchandising, being in partnership
with .lames Fryer a year. At the eiul of that
time he and Lee Langhlin purchased the general
merchandise business of Hrogg «fc Co., and did a
successful business for niise years. Mr. Ifaiis-
wirth then sold out to his partner, made a
pleasure trip to his old home in Furope, and
while absent visited the Centennial Fxposition.
On his return to North Yatn Hill, he engaged
in busiiuiss, under the firm name of Bidwell &
Co., retiring at the end of five years.

Mr. Ilanswirth early began to invest in real
estate. A portion of Nortli Yam Hill has been
built upon lands which he once owned. He still

has large real-estate holdings, and while he is re-
tired, has extensive interests in various busi-
ness enterprises.

He was happily mari'ied to Miss Neoma
Laughlin, daughter of James Langhlin, who
died June 4, 189L leaving three children :
Theodore, i'ariiara and Nellie. Mrs. Ilans-
wirth was a most amiable woman, a devoted
wife and lovi lother, and her death was a
source of me iiereavemont to her family and
many friendt

The Misses Ilanswirth are enterprising young
women, who have distinguished themselves for
their bravery, each having taken a timber claim
in the mountains. They are good hunters and
horsewomen, have had many a thrilling experi-
ence in the mountains among bears and pan-
thers, and have had more than one hairbreadth
escajie in swimming their horses across swoll-
en streams. Each has made several thousand
dollars by her bravery and daring in settling
valuable timber lands in the remote and wild
portion of the county, and necomplished what
many of the young men of the county have
declined to do.

Mr. Ilanswirth affiliates with the Republican
party. He lias served as a member of the
Town Council. Enterprising, public-spirited
and generous, his career lias been a useful and
successful one. . ■ .

fA. IIIMPEL, mill proprietor and lum-
ber dealer of Chitsanie, Columbia couii-
* ty. Oregon, is a native of Prussia, born
May 14-, 185i. Ileisasonof John and Mary Eliza
((iroseniaii) Ilimpel, who emigrated to America
when the subject of this sketch was young.
They first located in Muscatine county, Iowa,
where they remained until 1838, when they re-
moved to Leavenworth county, Kansas, where
young Carl was educated and reared to young
manhood.

Py trade Mr. Ilimpel is a practical sawyer
and has always followed that tvade. He came
to Oregon in 187G, locating at Rainier for a
time, later removing to the city of Clatskanio,
where he now owns a mill plant situated some
four miles south of town. The property is at
this time idle, iiut will soon bie put into
operation The jilant has a capacity of 24,000
feet of lumber daily in a run of eleven hours.

aiSTOHY or OREnoN.

lOSl

lie employs thirty men wlien riiimiii^ full ca-
pacity, and sliipa principally to tlie city of
rortland.

Air. 11 impel owns oneiialf Bection of timber
land near the mill site from which loj^s are sup-
plied and also owns 100 acres of land, with
twenty acres under cultivation. He ha? a fine
younif orcliard of over 1,000 trees, consistinfr
principally of pr\ines. Our subject a'ttliates
with the Uepublican party and has been of service
in her ranks, as he is always active, although not
an office-seeker. His private business affairs
occupy all his time.

Our subject was nominated and elected to the
office of County Commissioner four years ago,
but resijjfned soon after, the vacancy being filled
by the ajjpointment of X. Nicholas. Mr. Him-
pel was married in Cowlitz county, Washington,
March 20, 1887, to Miss KUa Myers, a native of
Missouri, and one child of this marriage is liv-
ing, Carl A.; and one son is deceased.

fllOMAS M. HINES, of Forest Grove, is
an lionored Oregon pioneer of 1848. He
was born in Howard county, Missouri,
May 1, 1819, and is of Welsh ancestry, although
his people were early settlers of Virginia. From
this State they removed to Kentucky and thence
to Missouri, and were pioneers in all of the
States in which they lived. His grandfather,
John Hines, born in Virginia, was a pio-
neer of Kentucky and of Missouri, and he reared
a large family and died in his eightieth year.
The father of our subject, Wesley Hines, was
born in Kentucky, in 1797. When he was a
lad his family emigrated to Mis.souri, where he
grew to manhooil, and in 1818 married Miss
Klizaheth Davis, born in September, 1800. She
was the daughter of Augustus Davis, native of
Kentucky, although of Virginia ancestry. Mrs.
Uines was also a Kentuckian by birth, Mr.
and Mrs. Hines had seven children, of whom
four are now living.

Our subject was the eldest of this family and
spent his boyhood and youth in Howard, Kay,
Caldwell and De Kalb counties. In 1842, No-
vember 17, he married in the last named county.
Miss Mary Buckingham, a native of Pennsylva-
nia, born January 1, 1819. After their mar-
riage they residev' in De Kalb county until 1848,
when on May 2, th.^y crossed the Jklissouri river

on thi>ir journey for Oregon. They brought
one son with them, namely: ('icero, who is now
a farmer of Washington county.

They nuide a successful journey and arrived
in Vam Hill county, September 2"), 184S. where
they rcmaineil for the winter. Mr. Hines then
took up .. donation claim of 040 acres of land
on a branch of the Tualitin, in Washington
county, where he built the li*tle log cabin of the
pioneer, and began the life of a western farmer
with a few head of cattle. In 1849 tiie discov-
ery of gold took hini to California, where he
engaged in raining on Feather river, but was
taken sick and obliged to abandon mining and
return to Oregon. lie remained on his farm
for eight years, then sold, in 1858 came to
Forest drove, purchased a farm, on which he
resided from 1859 to 1882. This farm was sit-
nated on the south side of the town and con-
sisted of 419 acres of land. He subdivided his
whole tract and sold it. Since that time he has
dealt in I'eal estate and has iieen successful gen-
erally, in his transactions. He has also given
his three sons farms: to the oldest, Cicero, 225
acres; to George, 240 acres, and to Charles, the
youngest, whom he educated for a physician, he
gave 119 acres, on which is a valuable mineral
spring. The latter is now practicing his pro-
fession at Dallas.

Mr. Hines is now retired from active work,
has a nice home in Forest Grove, and is now liv-
ing on the interest of his money. In politics
he was first a Whig, then a Douglas Democrat,
but upon the outbreak of the war he was a
strong I'nion man, and joined the ranks of the
Republican party. He still prefers Republican
ideas, but is quite independent in his views,
prefering to judge for himself of the efficiency
of a man for office. He lias never sought for
office, but while engaged in farming ho always
took a deep interest in the making of good roads,
and for a number of years acted as Road Snj)er-
visor. He has been n honest, hardworking and
intelligent man, and on this account has pros-
pered. He is now wealthy, and a worthy, reprer
sentative pioneer of 1848.

!S. HINSHAW, of Baker City, Oregon,
one of the |)ioneer8 of the Pacific coast,
<» although comparatively a young man, has
seen about as rough times as any of the frontiers-

losa

lllsTdltV or (lUKOON.

Nit

I ft-',

!j|

jMfii of iiiiy fomitry. He was l)f)ni in Ilciirv
tdiiiity, Idwa, Marcli 11, l^ilU. iind \vii8 tlii<)iftli
cliild of John A. imd Kli/aliutli (llocket) llin-
sliaw. Ilis fatliei' was born in Nortli (,'arolina,
rtMrn)ViMl to Indiaiiii when a yonn;^ man, and was
married there in \H\\x. lie an<l hi? wife, Kliz-
ntieth, tlien went to Iowa. He carricil on his
trade of eaiiinet-nnikinfj, in connei'tioii witii Ids
farniini;, and fiimlly died wiien tiie son was
(liiite yonni^. Mrs, Hinshaw was a native of
Indiaini, tiie family eoinini^ orif^inaliy from tlie
Sontii, tlie first of tiie name settling in \'iri,'inia.
Tile mother is dead. Onr snliject iia.-- one
brother and tliree sisters liviiii;, the brotiier, .1.
15. Hinshaw, in Leeeonnty, Iowa, and the three
sisters are ail in Henry eonnty, Iowa.

I. S. Hinshaw started in life for himself wlien
but twelve years old, with notiiino; hut the clothes
on his hack, ami tlie prayers of Ins mothei'. He
started across tlie plains as a teamster for J. 1).
Wilson. anilcain|ied iijion tiie ground where the
city of Maker City now is, July 23, 180(1. Tlie
first work he did was as a farin hand for John
J'almer; was then in a sawmill as a cook; after-
ward drove an ox team anil then rented a ranch
and farmed forone year. Snhse(|ueiitly he worked
at his trade in Baker City, then |)ros|pected and
mined for four years. Havint; saved up money,
he houiflit a ranch anil went into the raising of
horses and cattle.

Mr. Hinshaw was elected Sheriff of Haker
county in 1886, was re-elected in 1888, hut re-
fused a third term. The county then was over
100 miles across, and it rei|uired a very lono;
time to make a canvass of it.

Our subject was married, in 1888, to .Mrs.
Julia A. Smith, widow of J, P. Smith, and
daughter of ^[artin Smith, who crossed the
|ilains with her when she was but five years old,
settling in the Willamette valley at Santiani
City. Airs. Hinshaw is a native of the State of
Iowa. I>y her first marriage she had one child,
a girl, who died in March, 188'.); hut has had
no children hy her last husband. They have an
adopted child, named Freddie Hinshaw.

The farm of >[r. Hinshaw contains 161 acres,
handsomely improveil, upon which can he seen
some very tine thoroughhreil Jersey cattle, to
the breeding of which he has devoted much
attention, although the herd is not now very
large. He is a very well-to-do man, having
jiroperty in Iowa, to the value of .S8,000; share
in a business in California, to the amount of
$!),000: a number of lots in Baker City, and his

home place. The only assistance ho ever re-
ceived was !?l:i5, which came from his father's
estate soon after he learned his trade. What he
has, has been earned by the labor of his own
hands. So honest and ellicient was his ailminis-
tration of the otliec of Sheriff, that the Kepiibli-
cau County convention renominated hiin in
March to be voted for in June. The county
auilitor's examination showed that every cent
hail been accounted for, and that ofKcer gave
him a clear receipt, after four years of service
j as sherilf. Although he had some hard strug-
gles at times, he was always honest, true to him-
self and his fellow-beings.

tAUS C. HKXUICHSEN, one of the many
worthy citizens contrib;ileil to America by
Denmark, cast his fortunes with Portland
in her obscurity, having risen with her growth,
and prospered with her develo|)nieiit. He was
born in I)enmark on March 9, 18:59, remaining
at home with his father, a farmer, until 1854,
going at that time to Schleswig, to learn the
watchmakers' trade. This he followed for si.x
years.

In 1860, having become of age, ho decided
to seek his fortune in the new State of Oregon,
accordingly coming to this coast. Ho worked
for a short time at Vancouver, thence came to
Portland, where he worked for a time as journey-
man, then purchasing .laoob Cohen's business,
which iiad been started in 1858. In 1867 ho
formed a jiartnership with Giistave Hanson,
under the firm name of K. C. Ileiirichsen & Co.
They were at first located on First street, but in
1870 removed to their present business place, at
Xo. 149 First street. Mr. Hanson retired from
the business aftt'r a jieriod of three years, after
which it was continued by Mr. Ilenrichsen
alone until 1870, when Mr. S. II, Grcenberg
liecame a partner, remaining with the firm seven
years. Since then Mr. Ilenrielisim has been sole
owner. The enterprise has grown from a small
beginning, to be the largest wholesale and retail
jewelry establishment in tho State. It is also
the oldest continuous business of its kind in the
commonwealth. Mr. Ilenrichsen has given it
the closest attention, having by liberal methods
and commercial ability and reliable dealings,
brought the business up to its jiresent standing,
a high one in the estiiiiation and confidence (jf
the city and State.

nisToitr OF oRicaoy.

1083

III 18f>T lii> wiiB iMiiri'icil t» Mi>H Iliiiiiiiiii
Winter, u native of Deniiinrk. Tiicv luive two
dimgiitcrs, both born in I'urtliind. I'lie olilcHt,
Liiiin, in tbu wife of O. K. MiitttTii, of I'ortland.
Till' other (i,.iiij;liter, Laiirinc, lives witii her

Sareiits, in a beautiful Ikhir'. on the corner of
[aiii and I,o\vii«dalo street;!. A lionie replete
with all eoniforts and cunvenioiicei!, tastefully
Biirroiiiided and ornainented.

Ill politics Mr. IleiiriciiNen is a l{e|iublicaii.
Ho is a proininenl nieniber of tlie Masonic fra-
ternity, liavinir received tiie tliirty-second degree,
Scottish rite. In matters of religion, he is an
Kpiscopaliaii, lieiiiff a member of that Ciiurch.
I'lmssuiiiin^ and eoui'teous in iiianiier, in-
dustrious and honest in cliaracier, he c. joys the
esteem of the comin unity, and the affectionate
regard of his family and friends.

[ILLIAM IIEMSTOCK,oneof the most
^n^TO ])rosperous farmers of Yarn Ilill county,
V ^'1 was born in Kiigl.ind, March IT, 1827.
His parents were Henjamin and Ann (Butler)
Uenistock, both of Knglisii descent, and highly
respectable antecedents. In -^ i they emi-
grated to Canada, where they resided for five
years, when, in 1S47, they removed to Wiscon-
sin, which was then a wild and little settled
country. Here they purchased land, on which
they lived until their death, the motiier <lying
in her eightieth year, greatly lamented by her
family and friends. The father survived her
but two years, expiring in his eighty-fifth year.
He was universally esteemed on account of his
honesty and industry, and generous, hospitable
disposition, and was mourned by a large circle
of friends. They had ten children, six of whom
now survive.

The subject of our sketch was educated in
England and Canada, where his parents re-
sided, and when they removed to Wisconsin,
he accompanied them. Two years after at-
taining his nii.jority, in IS'jCt, lie was married
to Miss Mary A. IJingham, an estimable lady,
and a native of England. She was a daughter
of Mr. Greenwood Bingham, a well and favor-
ably known English miller and fanner.

He and his young wife commenced life on
a new farm in La Crosse Valley, Wisconsin,
which he purchased from the (iovernmeiit, and
on wliicli he lived, continuing to cultivate and

improNc it, until he came to (>iegoii, in 1874.
They had four children, born in the Itadger
State, wlii(di accoiiipanie(l them to their western
home: (Jeorge II.; llannali II., now Mrs. Elsia
Wight, of McMiiiiivillc; Fanny II., who i> now
the wife of Mr. .1. !•'. Spencer, a |irosperoiis
farmer of Vain Hill county; and .\. I!., who is
now attending the Portland University.

LFjiun their arrival in Oregon, Mr. Ilemstiick
purchased 297acre8 of land, located five miles
southwest of McMinnville. This land was then
wild, but he has since highly cultivated it to
grain and fruit, ami is extensively eiigageil in
stock-raising, consisting of Durham cattle,
horses, and large numbers of Cotswold and
Leicestershire sheep. He has erecte(l a comfort-
able residence, and good, large barns, for his
grain and stock, besides other iiio<lerii improve-
ments, for the facilitating of agricnltiiral pur-
suits, He has brought to his natural intelligence,
the assistance of a varied experience, extending
back to his youth in England, where agriculture
is followed scientifically, and, in conse(Hienc(>,
has met with a very great success, being now
oiieof the ino.,t prominent farmers in the country.

He has recently purchased land near the
I'ortland University, where \w is now building
a good residence, and intends to retire from his
farm, and take U[) his aboile in the city, where
he intends to open a bookstore, sujiplying the
students of the University ami others with arti-
cles in that line.

In earlier life he was a strong Union man
and Republican, but in later years, the cair-e of
intemperance has appealed to him so strongly,
that he has become a Prohibitionist.

He and his wife have belonged to thc^ Meth-
odist Church for more than thirty years, and
have been ardent workers in its cause. They
are the charter members of the church at this
place. They recently interested themselves in
the building of a church edifice on a hill near
their home, which was to bo erected at a cost of
81,200. Afr. Hemstock was a Trustee and
member of the building committee, and was
instrumental in securing the subscription of the
desired amount. This neat house of prayer now
overlooks the whole valley, being " a city set
upon a hill, which cannot be hid," and reflects
credit on the contributors to so worthy a cause.
Mr. Hemstock is Class-leader and Superintendent
of the Sunday-school, and is deserving of the
highest commendation for his efficient efforts in
the cause of righteousness, and his example and

lOHl

HiHTonr OF QiiKnoN.

iiitlni'iiCK for ^^ood, «liicli lmv« Imd n wide-
H|iic!iil clli'ct on tlip I'liiiiinmiity, cli'viitiii^' iiiul
])iii'iiyin^ nil ill timt \ iiiiiitv.

He mill liis wiirtliy wilV liii\u liccii faillii'iil
|i!iitiu'i-w for t'nriv two v(!ui'i<, iiiid iiru Htill in'iicc-
fully |)iir>iiiiiw- ilicir u;iv, fullowi'd liy tlii' (rood
wirtiics (if tilt' wlidlc comiiuiiiitv, to wlioiii tiu-v
liiivc fiidciiii'd tlu)in«(dM'4 liy tile iiractico of nil
Cliristiim virtiii'-.

tI)(»l-l'IlUS FINNKV, of Hill8boioiij;l.,
Oi't'^roii, caiiu' toCiilifoniiii ill iSoT, and to
Orcein in lSu8, and 1ms tince liecuinnone
of lii'i- most honored and sncroBsfiil inaiiiirMctnr-
crs and citizens. Ilo was lioni in Maine Feb-
ruary 11, 18;i(». His father, Thomas Finney,
was l)(irn in the same State in 17i)3. Jlis father
lived to he ninety-six years of iij;e, while he
himself lived to the age of seventy-nine. (Jrand-
father Finney was eiigaj^ed in the Uevolution
on hoard an American privateer, and they were
enf^a};ed in captnrin;; British vessels. His son
married Miss Oatliarine Mackintosh, of Scotland.
They had eif^lit children, of whom William, who
resides in Maine, and our subject are the only
survivors.

Mr. Finney resided in A[aine until bis twen-
tieth year, and then went to New Orleans.
From there he went to .Inekson county, where
lie worked at the trade of carriai^c and wa^on-
maker, and also worked some at carnoiiter work.
In 18iJ7 he went to California, and worked in
the Santa (!lara valley till ISoS, when he went
to I*ortland,()rei,ron,an<l arrived at IIillsboniuj;li
on the 1st of June. lie itiircliased on Main
street, 'JlJ.xl'JS feet, and on this property he ho-
oan his waifon-inakinrj and blacksmith business,
and he has eontinued this bnsiness in this place.
The business has been the manufacture, pi-in-
cipally, of wan;onsand biigrries, and later, plows
nade of rolled steel, lie was industrious and
attended to his business, and the articles that
he .'lanufactiirecl were tirst-class, and by hon-
esty hb has 8ncci<e(led. In 1891 he replaced
the old shop with a tine new block, two stories,
25 \ 70 feet, and Mr. Finney, with a liclpei-, put
up the whiih' building himself, and it is a credit
to him, with its street front put on in a new
way. The projicrty that the block stands on,
that he piircliafed for a mere trifle, is. now worth
$100 per front foot. In 1884 ho built a nice

reiiiiionco, and as he hud tipare funds, he in-
vesttxi in property in the vicinity of the city,
and bo has platted a part of it as Finney's .\d-
ditiiin to the city of Hillsborough. He has sold a
part of it.

In 18tl;t he was married to .Miss Serena
Kelsoy, of Orejfon. born in 1842. \U'r parents,
Isaiith and Winnie Ivelsey, came to Oregon in
18 11, and were amonj^ the very early settlers of
that State. Mr. and Mrs. Fiiiiu>y have four
children, three daughters and a son. The eld-
est, .Miiiira, became the wife of iMr. S. T. iiiint-
inj^ton, and resides in('lackamas county; [da
married Mr. William A. .Mead; she died in her
twenty-second year. The youngest daughter re-
sides with her father, and is his housekeeper.
Her mother died at her birth. She was a
woman of great sweetness of character and dis-
piisition, and is greatly mourned by her husband
anil chililreii, as w(dl ;is by the hosts of many
friends r-he had made for herself. Her husband
has honored her memory too much to put any
one else in her place, but has remained single
since her death.

Mr. Finney lias not ^iveii much attention to
politics. His policy was to vote and use his in-
fluence for whatever he deemed best f(U' the in-
terests of bis State and city He has voted with
the Uepubliean party ami has been strong in
liis correction of what seemed wrong. Mr.
Finney is now in his sixty-second year and has
retired from his manufacturing business. He
has led an industrious life and has secured a
neat littUt fortune. His motto lias been:
'• Enough for self, and some to give to snch poor
souls as need it." His persistent efforts have
been a good example, and in this and other ways
he has aided in the substantial growth and im-
provement of Hillsborough.

tKNIlVC. FLETCIIEK, has for many years
been identitied with the agricnitural in-
terests of Marion county. lie was born in
Mercer county, Illinois, .\pril 17, 184-9, a son of
Samuel Fletcher. The father was a native of
New Ilaiiipshire, boi'ii in 1814, and descended
from Knglish ancestors. Henry C. Fletcher
emigrated to Oregon in 1804. He gives espe-
cial attention to the breeding of standard horses,
haviiifj some animals of the best families.

He was married June 2H, 1S77, to Miss Zella
Savage, a native of Oregon, and a daughter of

iiiHTimv Oh' oiihiKiy.

lon.'i

11(1

Li'win Siivnp', n |iioii('t'r wlio i'i»!itii to tlio Stiitc
ill I'^ltl, iiDW i( resilient of Siilcni I'niiiie.
I'oliticiilly, 111! ;illiliiiti'« witli the I (tMiKKTatic
piu'ty, liiit is lilici'iil in liiH views, iiml cii^tH his
KiilTrii<{0 fur. the iiiiiii best littcd in liis cittittia-
tioi) for tilt' olHce. He mid iii> wil'i' arc iiumii-
liorrt of tlie lliiitiii'iaii (Jiiiircli.

^' -iiJvt-M.-- ■ ***^ —

IlIAIM.KS T. IIOWAI;:), Miiliim, (Macka-
mas enmity. Oru^oii. hiiH liet'ii a resiih-nt
of tliis Stiiti) fur •.ii>ai'l_v lialf a cetitiiry, and
a>* oiii' of it« iTpi't'sci.tntivo pidiicd'H is jiiatlv
i-ntitli'il ti' jicrsoiia! inuiitioii mi tin- pagesof thia
Miliime.

Mr. Howard's t'orefathiTS were Kngiish. iSoinc
inoiiiln'i'rt of thi' faiiiiiy cainc tn Aiiit'i'ica at a
very early iieriixl in tht; history of this country
and BCttlcil in Maryland, Howard e(Minty, tliat
8tnto, liaviiijj lie<'ii named for them. Several
({enerations of tiie family were horn there, and
many of tiie Howards were proiiiineiitly identi-
tie(l with the alfairs of that State, (irandfather
William Howard was horn, reared and dieij in
Maryland. He fought for iiiiie|iendetu'e during
the Uevoliition. Ilisson, o\ir siihjeet's father,
Ikiuliard It. Howard, was horn in Oceil eoiinty.
Maryland, in 17".iT, tiic third child in the fam-
ily, and was reared to manliood in his native
State. In early life he s|H'nt some time in ( )liio,
Hlitiois and Iowa, ami returning to Illinois, was
married there Deeeinher 18, 1828, to Miss
('yiithia Turner, a native of Kentucky, horn
Octolier ID, 1810, daiifrhter of Frantis Turner.
After his marriage Mr. Howard continued to
reside in Hlinois until 1840, when, with his
wife and six children, he crossed the jdains to
Oregon, arriving here late in Sejitemher. He
settled on a donation chiim on Milk creek in
Claekanias county, and, heing a good ])ractical
surveyor, diil considerahle in that line from
time to time. He built a sawmill in 1849 and
a gristmill in 1851, and ran them both in con-
nection with his farming operations. Thus he
did his part to develop the resources of this
portion of Oregon. Previous to tlie civil war
he was a Democrat, but was a strong Union
man, and afterward atfiliated with the Kepuli-
lican party. He was in religious matters an
Agnostic, while his wife was a devoted Chris-
tian, a memlior of the Metliodist Clinrch. His
death occurred .\o\einber I'-i, 1805. and hers

.Inly 20, 1877. Four other children were added
to their household in (Iregoii. and their liimily
weie as follow-: Franci- T., born May .". IMMO,
ami his wife, were drowned I'eliriiary 20, 1804,
while attempting to ford the Molalla river on
their way toCliiircli; |{ev. William Howard, born
December IH, ISMl, died S.ptember 7. 1802;
Kev. .lohii Howard, born l''i,'bruary 22. 18U4,
died ill 18S8; Sarah, wife of K. C. ( )llicer, was
born March M). 18;JS. and -lied .liiiie 10, 1801,
leaving a hii^baml and three daughters; Charles
T. (Mibject), born duly 28, 1841; Daniel l!o<ine,
born ilaiiiiary 2.1844, who died ( >ctober 11,
1854; Ann, wife of .\dam Weatherston, born
November K. died in 1880, leaving Miree chil-
dren; Mary, born February 2, 184'.l, dicil ( »cto
her 11. 1854; (Irace, born July 8. 1852, and
died < >ctober 27, same year; and .Vntlioiiy W,.
who was born September 22. 1857, and is mar
ried and enc-aj'ed in biisiniiss in Orei'on (lifv.
William and .lolin were local preaidiiTs in the
Methodist Episcopal (.'hiircli when they died;
but John had |)reviously been for more than
ten years a member of the Oregon Conference.
He ali-ii Served a term of two years as Super-
intendent of Douglas county |()regon) schools.
CJharles T.. wlio>e niiuie heads this article, the
fifth of the family, was horn in Sludby county,
Illinois, .luly 28, 1841, and was live years old
when he arrived in Oregon. He was educated
in the piUdic schools, worked on the farm and
in the mill with his father, |)urcliascd and inher-
ited the property, on which he now resides. He
was niariied May 28, 1874, to Miss Mary 11.
Saudei's, who was hoi'ii in Marion county, near
Salem, Oregon, May 1, 1853, daughter of Asa
SaiKlers. Her father came to < >regoii in 1851
and settled in Marion county, rornoveii in 1858
to Molalla prairie, wdiere he has since resided
and where lie owns one of the finest homes and
farms in the valley. Mr. and Mrs. Howard
have two children: Claud Sanders and Bayiie
Asa, both at home.

15()tli Mr. Howard and his wife are influential
members of the Metliodist Church. He lias
served as Steward, Trustee and Class-leader, and
she has /'endered most efficient service as Sii|)er-
iiiteiident of the Sabhath-school. They arc
prominent members of the Grange, ami are also
active temperance wori- rs. He in in ])olitic8 a
Republican, and has served some time as J ustice
of the Peace, but 1ms usually declined ottice,
notwithstanding his |)arty has fre(|uently oiTerod
1 him nominations for important positions at a

^■fr-'^Tfi t

t '

t ,

^■-■1T-"!!|

1086

HISTORY OK OHEGON.

time wlicn a iioiiiinatioii was equal to an elec-
tion. For a iiiuiiliei' ot years he has been the
oliliging I'dstniaster of Miilino. Uo still runs
his mills anil eoniluets his t'arming o])eration8,
heing successful in hoth. lie oumh 58(5 acres
adjoinirig tlut millg.

Such is a lu'ief sketch of one of Clackamas
county's jirosperous and intluential uieu.

fAMES S. II inns was a iironiiiuuit ami suc-
cessful farmer, of Vain Hill county, Oregor,
a native of I'ennsylvaiiia, where he was
horn October -23, 1825! His fatiier, Samuel
llihlis, was liorn in (Ti'eene county, l'enn>ylvania,
and his ancestors were early settlers of Virginia.
His father married Miss Rebecca Smith, also a
native of the Keystone State, and they had four
cliildren, two of whom are now livinir.

When but twelve years of a<^e the subject of
our >ketcli accoin|ianied his parents to West
Viroinia, whei'e he was reared to manhood. Ho
had a common school education, and learned the
traile ofa joiiUT. lie afterward worked at his
trade for a year and a half in Georgetown. Penn-
sylvania, whi'ii, in 184'J, he was married to Miss
Kiizalieth Uiggs. He then removed to Illinois,
where he farmed and worked at his trade. Six
children were born in the I'rairie State.

Having, by this time, beconu* informed of the
opportunities atlbrded in the extreme West to
actual settlers, he and family made the long
journey overland to ( )roji;on, with the usiud oxen
and wagons. They passed the graves of many
emigrants on the way. but they, together with
the large company, of which they formed a part,
camt' through in safety.

On arriving at his journey's end, he had only
a cheap outfit left, having only been able, in
Illinois, to make a living for himself and family
and save enough to bring them to Oregon. Ho
first stopped in Marion county, where he rented
lands and raised three crops. Hesides being
without means, he had the misfortuiu' to lose
his first crop, lie persevered, however, and the
>ucceeding crops were good ones, and he was
much encouraged.

In IStio he came to Yam Hill county, where
he at first rented the farm of Mr. Jordan Hem-
bree, consisting of a half-section of laml, located
near Ln Fayette. This he worked for two years,

realizing good cro|)s. He then rented Mr. G.
W. IJuruett's farm, situated two miles from Mc-
Minnville. Here his prosperity was continued.
He finally made his first purchase of land, 500
acres, at %\'Z an acre, paying S1,000 down, and
going in debt for the balance, paying 10 per
cent interest on all future payments. The first
year tbe wheat was sjioiled, by reason of heavy
rains, so that he could not meet his first pay-
ment, and agreed to pay 1 per cent a month, to
have the time extended. His next crop was a
success, as was also the succeeding ones, which
enabled him to immediately pay for his Ir.nd.
As his means would permit, he added from time
to time to his origiiud purchase, until he had
800 acres of as choice farming land as was to he
found in this beiV.itiful valley. This iu» culti-
vated with care, and improved by the erection of
a substantial residence, and large barns for his
grain aiul stock, and became one of the most
prosperous farmers of his section of the county.

After arriving in Oregon other children were
born, until they numbered nine sons and one
daughter, all but one son now living. The two
eldest, 1. N. and J. M., are in Idaho, where they
have farms; George H. is in the vicinity of the
homestead; Alice is the wife of Mr. Milton
llichardson, and resides in McMinnville; 11. B.
is on land near the homestead; S. 1. is in busi-
ness iii McMinnville; .1. V. is on land, a part of
his father's estate; 11. W. is at home; and O. H.
is at home. Mr. llibbs gave his married chil-
dren a division of his large landeil estate, reserv-
ing for himself 275 acres of the home place.

Mr. ilibbs distinguished himself by lending
a heljiing hand to the differetit enterprises of
^IcMiniiville, having taken a ifiSOO scholarship
in the college and stock in the Frrmers' Ware-
house and Grange store ami also in the creamery.

Ho was a Republican in politics, having bo-
longed to that party since its organization. He
sas elected County Coininissioner, and served
.,. that capacity with ability and honesty, but
preferred to give his entire attention to his
i'arnniig interests.

He was a worthy member of tlie Methodist
Church, of which he was a Trustee, as is also
his wife, Hud to its welfare he and his wife have
contributed of theii' means and iutluence.

Mr. Ilibbs died at his late residence, January
10, 1893. His faithful wife is still living.

Thus we find what pcrsistt'Ut ettbrt intelli-
gently applied to the rich soil of this glorious
commonwealth can accomplish, being, like an

nisronr of oheoon.

1087

iiicxliaustible gold mine, iin unceasing means of
wealtli, and Iiy her aliundant resources she has
giitlicred together on her liroad bosom the best
and noblest of the sons of the earth.

[ILUAM IIKNRV HAKIUSON, asnc-
cessfn! fanner of fjood repute, residing
in Yam Hill county, Oregon, was born
at Jerusalem Ilill, Herkin\er county, \e\v York,
July 18, 1844, of Knglisli ancestry, who were
early settlers of Connecticut. His father,
Tlmddeus R. Harrison, was born in Herkimer
county, Xew York, in 1816, and married Miss
!Maria A. p]verett, a native of his own county;
came to Oregon in the month of April, 185;j,
by way of tlie Isthmus of Panama, and engaged
in teaching at liethel (Jollege, in Polk county.
He returned to his home in the East, in iJSijS,
and brought his wife and twochildien to Orei/ou
the same year, settling in Yam Hill county, ^^r.
Harrison took a donation claim of 320 acres,
where his son, the subject of this sketch, now
resides, one and three-fourths mih^s southwest
of Amity. There he built a log cabin and liv(- 1
and prospered, and added to the property until
he had '.100 acres of land.

In IH12 be was elected Lo tl;c Legislature of
the State, on the I'^publican ticket, and in 1874
was appointed Receiver of the Land OtKce at
Oregon (3ity. After serving his term of four
years he wm reappointed for a second term, but
on the very day on which he received his com-
mission he died, in his office, of heart disease!
He was a successful, reliable, intelligent and eii-
terj)rising citizen. He had one son after his
arrival in Oregon, Edward R., who now ivsides
near McMinnville, and is a farmer. His mother,
a noble woman and an exemplary member of
the Congregational Church, died in 1884.

Jlr. Harrison was fourteen years of age when
he came U) his home in Yam llill county. When
Tiineteen years of ago ht< went to the mines at
Oro Fiiio and Florence, where, in his operations,
he met with moderate success. He now has 300
acres of choice land, upon which he has made
many improvements; is enterprising and capable,
and has the reputation of being a Hrst-class,
good citizen.

In ISlU he enlisted in Company B, First
OregoT) Infantry, which was stationed at differ-
ent j)lace8 in Iilaho, to take th.e place of the
regular woldiors, who were sent to the seat of

war, while the Oregon soldiers were engaged in
keeping the Indians in check. They had many
skirmishes with the red savages, always, how-
ever, putting them to flight. Mr. Harrison
served as Corporal and as Refi-imental Provost-
bergeant.

After his discharge he returned to the farm,
and in 1868 married Miss Lavina Iiillings, a na-
tive of I'olk county, ( )regon, and the daughter
of George W. Rillings, an Oivgon pioneer of
1852. Mr. and Mrs. Harrison ha\esi\ cliildien,
namely: Floy, Herbert, (iertrnde, Delmar,
Thaddeus U. and Eva.

Ml-. Harrison is a Republican in his political
sympatiiies, is a member of the A. O. U. W.,
and of the I.O.O. F.

-=s«<

iH=~-

fAMES E. HA8ELTIXK, one of the prom-
inent representative iron and hardware mej--
chants of the city of Portland, is a mitive of
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, born Septeml)er
30, 1833. He is of New England ancestry who
came to this country from England t>arly in the
year of 1(5)57 and settled in Massachusetts. His
father, Daniel Ilaseltine, was born in Haverhill,
Massachusetts, in 179", and was during his lif(>
a builder and contractor. He erected the light-
house at Robin's Ucef, in New York harbor, and
on Whalesback, in Portsmouth harbor, which are
ilestined to be lasting monuments to his honest
work. He married Miss Mary H. Hill, a native
of Portsmouth, and the daughter of Mr. Elislia
Hill, of that city. There were born to them
seven chilili-en, six of whom are living.

Mr. Ilaseltine, the subject of our sketch, was
the youngest son, and is eminently a self-
made man, as he had no money given him to
start with. When he entered the Pembroke
Academy he rang the old liell and swi'pt the
floors to aid in paying his tuition. In 18t)7 his
business career, on his own account, began in
Portland, Maine. He engaged in the iron and
hardware business until he came to Portland,
Oregon, in 1882, and jmrchased an interest in
the business of V..,]. Xorthupit Co. in tlii' iron,
heavy liardware and carriage material, both
wholesale and retail. Mr. Ilaseltine succeeded to
the whole business, and such has been his special
gifts for this line of business that his success
has been very sat'jfactory. Mr. Ilaseltine does
not conrtne himself to mercantile affairs oxclu-

1088

UIsrORY OF ORECON.

sivi'h', but is one (pf those bmad men wlin take
an interest in everything that will teniltohuild
np their State, Iiotli tiiiancially and morally.
Ill all sucli work he is ready, willinir and can he
depended on. It is ju.st as safe to count on him
in all worthy enterprises as if he had been seen
and promise 1 to take hold. Such men are val-
uable and important factc.rs in the history of
this city and State. Mr. Ilaseltine lias interested
himself considerably in city property, having
built a wharf and numerous houses, ineludiui^
a tine house in which he now resides with his
amily.

In 1855 he married Aliss Mary E. Knox, a
native of New Hampshire. Mrs. Ilaseltiue's
grandfather, Daniel Knox, was a paymas-
ter in the war of 1812, in America.
Mr. and Mrs. Ilazoltine have had eiglit cliil-
dren, six of wlinni are living. Their tiiree eldest
sons, Edward Knox, J. Ambrose, and Harry
Alonzo, are all filling important places in
their father's store, and the youngest son,
William Carl, is at school in the East.
The daughters, Annie Mabel and Mary E.,
are at school, the former at Wellesley Col-
lege, and the other at Portland High School.
Mr. Ilaseltine is in politics a Republican, and
h(^ and the most of his family are Methodists,
and he takes an active part in the ehurcli. lie
is a member of the Board of Trustees, and is
also Secretary of the same, of Grace Methodist
Episcopal Church, of which he became a mem-
ber at its organizatidu, iind aided in the build-
ing of th(^ tine church ediKce. He is also
Assistant Superintendent of the Sunilay-school,
and takes a deep interest in all its efforts.

Before removing to Oregon Mr. Ilaseltine
was for two years a member and President of
the Portland, Maine, Common Counci.l and also
served two years on the Board of Aldermen.
He is a Past Grand Master and Past (irand
Representative to the Sovereign Grand Loclge
of the I. (). (). K. from the State of Maine and
has held the presidency of the Y. M. C. A. in
the above city.

He is at present one of the vice-presidents of
the Xational Board of Trade, composed of t'le
representative business men of the nation. In
the aft'airs of his adopted city he takes a deep
interest. He is a member of the Finance (Jom-
mittee of the Chambsr of ('ummerce and omt
of the Building Comir)ittee. He is one of tiie
Directors of the City Board of Charities and Sea-
men's Friend Society. Mr, Ilaseltine was one

of the organiiiers and the first vice-jiresident
of the United States National Bank of Portland.
He is the leading owner of Ocean Park in Pa-
citic county, Washington — a ti'act of iijnvard
of 200 acres — bordering on the Pacific ocean,
one of the most delightful summer resorts in
the Northwest. He has a fiu(^ fruit farm a few
miles from the city, where pears, peacLss, iirunes
and small fruits are raised in abundance, and in
the growth of which he takes a great interest.
From all this, it will be seen that Mr.
Ilaseltine is a man of versatile talents. He is
also an agreeable gentleman, and has hosts of
friends wherever ho is known.

IlLLIAM ADDISON HOWE, a promi-
nent land owner and inerohant of Carl-
ton, Oregon, was bom in Brooklyn,
Massachusetts, October 12. 1850. His fath'er,
Hon. Solomon Henry Howe, was born in Beidin,
same State. The ancestors of the family camo
from old England to New England early in the
history of this country, and were participants in
the struggle for independence. Mr. Howe's
father was for many years a prominent dry-
goods merchant of Boston; was elected a mem-
ber of the Massachusetts Legislature; aided in
building, and was president of several railroads
of the country late in his life, and finally retired
to Bolton, Massachusetts, where he died, in
1870. He had mari'ied Miss Lu;-inda Savage, a
native of Boston, anil the daughter of a very
prominent andiitect who, among other works,
designed and built the Bunker Hill Monument.
Of their five children four are living, thrive in
the East. Their son, W. A. Howe, was (*du-
rated in the East, gnilualing at Ilarvanl I'ni-
versity in the class of 1881. After being in
business in New York for a year, he, in com-
pany with a classmate, Mr. Mills, came to Ore-
gon for the purpose of engaging in farming and
stock-raising. Pundiasing 1,000 acres of land,
they made many improvements and engaged in
raising fine stock of various kinds. This prop-
erty Mr. Howe still retains.

tn 1888, seeing the need of a^. od mercantile
establishment at Carlton, he opened one there,
which he has since conducted successfully. It
is the (Uily store of the kind in the (ilaca, and
ho keeps a gcjod quality of stock, and has a good
tra<le, inarich and prosperous fanning country.

If i' 111

insTonr of oreoon.

idso

In 18SU Mr. Howe niarriiMl Miss Aiiiiii- G.
Ciiniiingliaiii, a native of Milton, Massacimsutts,
and the danjrhter of J. A. Ciinninjihain, who wa^i
formerly a wholesale tea merchant, doing a
large Cliina tea trade.

Mrs. and Mrt<. Howe luive three children;
Alice Hathaway, William Loring Cnnningliam
and Charles Klliott l.add.

Mr. Howe is a gentleman of perfect integrity
of character and a thoronghly capable liiisiness
man, enjoying the good-will of a wide circle of
friends.

-=*»<

>**-

fOSEl'H E. HUnnARI), the proprietor of
the drayingand truck business of Indepen-
dence, is a native son of Polk county, born
f^epteinber 4, 1856. His fatlier. David' Hub-
bard, was born in Hlinois in 17!I7. where he
was reared and marrieil. By liis first marriage
he had ten children, and upon the death of ids
wife he married again, in 1841, a Miss Mary
Thomas, hy whom he had eleven children. He
crossed the ])lains to Oregon and located on a
lialf-section on the I ittle Luckamnte, in Polk
county, where he made his home until tlie time
of his death, which event occurred in 18()8. His
wife survived liim until 1883, when her death
occurred. During his long lite Mr. Hubbard was
a faithful and elo(juent minister of the Baptist
persuasion. While engaged in agricultural
pursuits he continued his ministerial duties in
the new State of Oregon iiso])portnnity offered,
thereby advancing the cause of iiis Master. In
politics he was a stanch Kepubliean, at the time
of theontbreak of thegreatcivil war, anirduring
that struggle was a strong Union man. and by
his example and iuriuence did much to advance
the cause and preserve the Union. He and his
good wif(^ were highly respected pioneers of
Oregon.

The son, Joseph, our subject, was the eight-
eenth child of his father, and was reared in
Polk county, and was educated at the academy
at Dallas. He began life for himself on rented
land, and in 188() purchased 137 acres of the
Stephen Staats donation claim. This property
he farmed three years, then sold it and turned
his attention to buying shee|) and speculating.
In 1889 he came to Independence, purchased
lots, built a nice residence and opened his truck
and draying business, in wliich he has since con-
tinued. So successfully has ho operated this

enterprise, he has the majority of the freight-
ing done ill tht city of Independence. He is
also Deputy Marshal of the city, and in that
office, as in all his relations with his fellow-citi-
zens. Mr. Ilubbanl has proven himself an oblig-
ing gentleman and capable officer.

In 1880 he was married to Miss Carrie Staats,
a native of Polk county and the daughter of Mr,
Stephen Staats. one of Polk county's most hon-
ored and widely known pioneers. (See sketch of
liim in this book.) Mrs. Hubbard was born iit
18.j9. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard have a son whom
they have namecl Claud J. They are good rep-
resentatives of the native sons and daughters
of Oregon, and by their upright, honorable lives,
they have gained for themselves the esteem and
respect of the entire community. They have
passed their lives in the county that gave them
Ijirtli. and few citizens of Polk county are more
widely known than Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard of
this notice.

PL. HEXNESS. — Among the many owners
of beautiful homes in Alouiit Tabor, none
* are more highly respected than the worthy
pioneer of Oregon, Hon. Benjamin Lee Hen-
ness and his respected wife, Rebecca Henness,
both of whom came to the State in 1850. He
is a native of the State of Virginia having been
born June 4, 1819. His father, Joshua Hen-
ness, was a native of Kentucky, but the family
came from (ierinany to Virginia at an early day
am! were pioneers of Kentucky. The Captain's
father married Miss Sarah Rhodes, a native of
Virginia, a daughter of Thomas Rhodes, of the
same State. He was a soldier in the Revolu-
tionary war, and was engaged to be married to
Miss Sarah Lee. aunt of (General Robert E. Lee.
whom he married at the close of the war. The
j..ireiits of the subject of this sketch had five
sons and a daughter, three of whom are now
living, the brothers in Oregon and the sister in
Washington.

Captain Henness was next to the youngest of
this family, and he left his father when he was
but a child. He lived in Virginia until his
eighteenth year, when he removed to Iowa,
where he resided until 1850, and then made his
first journey across the plains. It proved b i,a!e
one, not a man being lost, although they we;o
six months in completing their trip. He looked
the country over a little and then went to

-»'/

loao

HISTORY OF OREGON .

Vreka, iti Ciilifoniia, wlii'i'o ho milled, iiiueting
with fair success. He returned Kast to Iowa
iiy way of tiie Isthimis, and remained there until
^[arc.ii 25. 18.j"J, wiien he again started across
the plains, this time taking with him his wife
and four children.

His marria;ie occurred in Fehruary, 1837, his
wife lieiuir Miss Lucretia Chandler. The clnl-
drt'n who crossed the plains with their parents
in 18r):2 were: Nareissa Jane, now the wife of
Joseph (xibson; Sarah Virginia, who married
Jiiseph Hrannon; Mary Rebecca, wlii died at
the age of twenty-one years, and C'ornelius Clark.
All the survivors reside in the State of Wash-
ington. This trip across the plains was a de-
lightful one, being madt^ in a family carriage.
He located on a donation claim in Thurston
county, then in Oregon, but now a part of Wash-
ington. He had 040 acres of land and made
that place his home until 1808. He began with
a little shanty and traded in horses, hogs, sheep
and cattle, driving them to Victoria. In this
(iccujiation he was quite successful. In 185o,
when the Indian war broke out, he enlisted as a
private, but was elected Captain of Company F,
Washintiton Volunteer Militia. The soldiers
jirovided their own iKjrses aud e«iuipment8.
His company was disbanded and he enlisted in
Company C, Secoi d liegirnent of Volunteers,
and terved to the close of the war as captain of
the company, fighting valiantly in many engage-
ments with the Indians.

During his absence the family, with others,
resided in Fort Huines, near C4rand Mound
I'rairie.

The volunteers beat the Indians in every en-
srairemont. notwithstanding they had to contend
against great odds. There was no choice. It
was whip or be scalped. The Indians had killed
a great nmny of the settlers, aud among whom
ivere Cajitain Ilemiess' son-in-law's brother,
William l!rannon,and all his family.

In lHS-1, while residing in Thurston county,
he was elected to the Territorial Legislature,
and so satisfactory were his services that he was
re elected five times.

.\fter the close iif the war he closed out his
stock and went to the Caribou mines in Hritish
America, where he made a fortune, but lost it
again by investing in aTid working deep claims.
The first claim he had there cost him Slti.KOO
for one- seventh interest, yet in si.\ months' time
he took out .'iil2i3,(tflfl over cost, lletiien retireil
to Portland. He hal lost his wife some time

)revious, and on tlu^ li5fh of T'ebruary, 180S,
le was united in marriage to Mrs. IJebecca V.
Ross, widow of Sherry Ross, a worthy jiioneer
of 184o. She was the dauirhter of Christian
and ^latilda (Landers) Deardof, both natives of
Virginia, and of Oerman ancestry. Their fore-
fathers settled in Virginia during the early his
tory of that State. The Landers are of mixed
Welsh and Scotch blood. They removed to
Indiana and went thence to Iowa, where Mr.
Deardof's father and mother died. He crossed
the plains in ISoO with his wife and three sons
and two daughters. They were caught in the
snow in the Cascade mountains, their teams
gave out and died, aud they were obliged to
separate, t\w mother and daughters coming out
of thi^ mountains with a highly respected pio-
neer, Hon. Jesse Walling. They barely escaped
beinji buried alive. Some of the thinofs ttiev
buried, but when they went back for them they
found that they had been stolen.

The privations that these peo|)le endured can
hardly lie realized in these days. That woman
and her two daughters walked nearly all the wi^y
throngh the mountains until they reached shel-
ter. It seems wonderful that that young girl
who had to endure so many hardships to reach
Oregon, is now one of the most refined and
wealthy ladies of that State. The family all
came out of the adventure alive, and the father
at first worked by the day loading vessels at
Milwaukee. He then took a(iovernmentclaimof
()4U acres, for himself and wife, six miles east
of Milwaukee, which he improved anil retained
until his death, which took place on the 18th of
December, 180(5. He was a member of the
Christian Church, aud a man of integrity and
worth. "^ His wife died on the SOtli of April,
18'.tl. She was a faithful wife, a loving mother
and had mp.ny friends.

Mrs. Ilenness had seven children by her first
husband, Mr. Ross, four of whom lived to num'a
estate. The eldest, Mary Jane, is the wife of
the Hon. Tyter Wood Ward. Clara married
Hentham B. Hrodenden, and resides at Spokane
Falls. Her son, Delman H. Ross, lived to be
thirty-five yi^ars of age, and he was married and
reside<l in east Portland. He died on the "iOth
of November, 188'.l. Charles D. married the
daughter of the Hon. Apio Watt. He died
May, 1885, at Los Angeles, California.

(Captain Ilenness went to Salem and was for a
time engaged in mercantile business. He then
sold out aud returned to the vicinity of Port-

it I STORY OF OREOON.

lOIH

■■

lanil, wlieve lie piireliased forty-four acres of
land west I if the city, and Iniilt iijxin it. Suun
after tliis lie bouf^lit a f'ai'ni this side of tlie
Dalles, at the month uf the Hood I'iver. It had
a tine peach orchard, in fact one of the heat in
the State. In the freshet which occurred in
the siiinnier of 187f), the orchard was destroyed.
This pro])erty he a little later sold, and coming
to Mount Taljor, he purchased ten acres, for
which he paid !?1,00(); cleared it off'aTid huilt a
tine residence, where he now reside.s in peace
and contentment. The jiroperty has greatly in-
creased in value since he bought it.

The Captain is a member of the Masonic fra-
ternity, and he and his wife are members of the
Methodist Church. They enjoy the esteem of
all who know them.

'■t- r^^ t» «i > ?-^-T -)>

y)N. N. B. HUMIMIUEY. a widely known
and liiglily respected citizen of Pendleton,
I'matilla county. Oregon, was born De-
cember ;i(l, 1S40. lie was the seventh child of
George and Elizabeth (McCoy) Humphrey, na-
tives of Jefferson county, Ohio, where they
were married, and soon afterward removed to
Iowa (in 1836), and remained there farming un-
til 1805, when they came to Oregon. The
father died in 1871*, at the age of seventy-nine,
and the mother at the same age, in 1882. They
were the patents of twelve children.

The education of our subject was limited to
the |)ublic schools of his district, he remaining
upon the farm until lie was seventeen, when lu'
began the study of law in the ottice of T. B.
Perry, of Iowa. Four years later he was ad-
mitted to the bar (iti 18(51), but in the follow-
ing year, being fired with patriotism, he enlisti'd,
July 28, 1802, as a private in Company B,
Twenty-second Iowa Infantry. Soon afterward
he was made First- Lieuteiujut, and nine months
later, upon tlii' recommendation of the regi-
mental oHieers, and by the unanimous vote of
his company, was promoted to a captaincy.

Captain Ilumjihrey was a favorite and popu-
lar oliicer; in fact, he has liostti of warm friends
and admirers wherever he may be, and made for
himself a most honorable record as a soldier,
remaining until the war was over, being mus-
tered ont August 30, 18t)5. Although slightly
wounded three times, he never lost a day from
duty. Ue took part in the following buttles:

Fort Gibson, Champion Hills, Black I'iver
Bridge, siege (d' N'ickslnirg, Jackson Missis-
sippi, Winchester (September, 1804), Fisher
Hill, Cedar Creek and many snniller engai^e-
inents. At Vicksburg he was slightly wounded
in the arm by a bayonet thrust; at Winchester
iiy a minie ball, and at Fort Ciibsnn by a shell,
carrying the mai'k of the latter to tiiis day. His
conijiany was mustered in 108 strong, and came
out with but twenty-three men, <inly live of
whom are living, and not one of them has ever
received one cent from the (Jovernment, or an
office of any kind.

After his retirement from the army Captain
Humphrey returned to his old home in Iowa,
resumed the jiractice of the law, removing to
Albany, Oregon, in the following year, having
served one year as City Judge before his de-
parture. In 1872 he was elected Kepresentative
of his district, and served two years. He was
elected to the State Senate in ISSO from Linn
county for the four years' term. Ju<lge Hnm-
])hrey was twice elected ^layor of Albany. He
came to Pendleton in 1890, opened bis office,
and has been practicing since.

Judge Ilumjihrey is a man of most generous
impulses, 1
estly as a '

help those that are in distress. In politics he is a
Republican; is a member of the Masonic Lodge
and Chajiter at Albany, and has tilled the several
chairs; and is a Presbyterian.

impulses, and defends a jieimiless client ar- carn-
wealthy one; his hand is ever ready to

■^•^•%¥

J1*'XSEX, president of the Jensen Can-
Filling Machine Company, of .Vstoria,
_.^. >" was born in Denmark, in 183(i. He
was educated in the schools of that country.
reared upon a farm and continued to engage in
agricultural pursuits until 1863, when he em-
barked for the I'nited States, and in due course
of time arrived in New York. Proceeding to
Colorado, he followed mining for three years,
then went to Pennsylvania and engaged in rail-
road work until 1867. when he followed coal-
mining in Illinois, and later in Wyoming, and
then his inventive genius began working, and
he produced a miicliine for the rapid loading of
box cars, carrying coal to the ends, and saving
the work of two men. He labored in coal and
gold-placer mining in Wyoming until 1S73.
when he came to .Vstoria and engajfed in salmon

I '

1093

II I STORY OF ORKaoif.

iisliing. Tlu' repiiiring of lifts suirfresteil the
Jensen Needle-Filliiio' Mucliiiie, wliieli supplied
ii loiig-l'elt want, hut with tho liinitej market
450 iiiaeliiiu's filli'd the (ieiiiand, and in 187U
he returned to tisliing. In Issl he perfected a
nettini^ iiiachiiie, which turned mit tiie woi-k tiie
>aiiie as hv iiaiid, but this interfered witji the
worii I if the tidierineii diiriiiij; the idle season,
and the union ohjeetcil to the inaehine iieiiig
used. In Ifi'i'i Mr. Jensen patented his can-
tillinrf iniieliine, wiiicli packs the fresh salmon
ill one-pound cans, at the rate of forty-eight
eans per minute, .doing the work of sixteen
men. About 120 of these machines are now in
Alaska. His can-capjiing and crimping and
can bodv-formini;; and si<le seam-soldering ma
ehiiies ai'e practical inventions, and aiv lioth in
use. His latest invention is for the inanu-
t'acture ot liill-nets, tyinij with the double knot
and netting :i(IO feet per hour.

In 188;{ Air. Jensen incorporated the Jeiit-en
Can-Filling Machine Conipanv. with IVictory on
IJeiiton street, near the wharf. Mr. .lensen
gi\es his undiviiled attention to the [u-rfecting
and manufacture of his several machines, all
of which are labor-saving and will materially
cheapen the canning process.

Lf^KWTON J. II KXTON, City Recorder for
.\lbany, Linn county, Oregon, dates his
birth in ( (skidoosa, Iowa, in 1841*. Jlis
father. Dr. Xewt(jn Ilenton, was horn in Vir-
ginia, a descendant of Knglish ancestry, and in
his b()yhoo<l emigrated with his parents to Indi-
ana, where he completed his education in liter-
ature and the science of meclicine. Ilewasmai'-
rie I in Marion, Indiana. October 12, 1847, to
Miss Caroline I.. Hogiu, a lady of Scotch-Irish
descent. Heinoving to Oskaloo.-a, Dr. Ilenton
engage<l in the ]iractice of his profession there,
and subsequently o[)ened a drug store, conduct-
ing the same until 187"), when he sold out and
came to Oregon, .\fter passing two years in
Albany, he removed, in 1877. to Kllensburgli,
Washinglon Territory, where \n\ followed liis
[)rofession until (.lis death, in 188'J, at the acre of
sixty-tive years. His widow and daughter still
reside at that place. In their family of seven
children only three lived to maturity.

Newton .1. |iiirsucd his academic course of
instruction at Oskaloosa College, and took a
four years" courso at the luwa Wesleyan Uni-

versity, graduating in 1872. While in college
it was his intention to tit himself for the legal
profession; but, when lii« grailuated, his father
being in |)Oor health, he entered the drug store
and assisted his father until the Doctor sold out
to remove to Oregon. Newton J. remained in
Iowa until lS7t!, when he. too, decided to come
West, rpon his arrival in Oregon, he located
in Salem, and tlu; following year came from
there to Albany. Here he secured a clerkship
in the drug store of Koabay & Mason, with
wliom he remained until 1880, when lie was
employed by E. W. Langdon & Co., continuing
in tlii'ir service until they retire<t from business
in 188(i.

Mr. Ilenton was elected liecorder for the city
of .Mbany, upon the Ue|)ublican ticket, in 1880,
and as the iluties of the office were very light,
he was enabled to continue the drug business.
He has been continuously re-idected to the office,
and is the present incuml)ent. Since 188ti, liis
time has been entiiely occupic(l with his official
duties, which also embrace those of City Clerk
and Police Judge.

Mr. Ilenton was married in New Sharon,
Iowa, in 1874, to Miss .Sarah J. Cole, a native
of Wisconsin. They have had three chil-
ilren, two of whom are living; l^oiiia A. and
Vesta \..

lie is a memhRr of the subordinate and
rniform Rank, K. of I'., and also of the A.
O. r. W. He being a Republican, his long
term of otKce in a Democratic coiintj, is the
highest eulogy which (!an be paiil him.

.•^-i..t.,r^.

KORGK HORNHUCKLE. another one of
the Oi-egon pioneers of 1852, and a well-

^ to-ilo farmer residing on his donation idaim
near I'eaverton. was born in Rarkstone, Leicester-
shire, England. Janiiary l!i. 1822. His parents
were ivlwanl and Sai'ali (Rrewett) IIornbu(d<le,
natives of that country and of ohl i'lnglish an-
cestry. They were niembers of the Efiiscojial
Church, and his father was by trade a carriage
and wagonmaker. Their fainily was composed
of eight foils and two daughters. The father
died in 1842, in the sixty-seventh year of his
age, and tho mother passed away in 1852.

Cieorge Ilornbiickle was reared to manhood in
his native land, and was there married, in 1842,
to Miss Charlotte Knight, who was born in En-
gland iu 1820, daughter of Samuel Knight. In

If'

nisrour o/' oreoon.

iofl«

till- fall of 184!) lie luul his wife set sail for
America, liiiuled in I'liiladelpjiia on the litli of
IJece'iilier, went tVoni there to Urooklyii, thence
to Hulfalo, and the following April loeiited in
AViaconsin. After farming in that State two
yeara, they started, April 12, 1852, on the long
jonrney to Oregon, coming with ox teams. They
escaped disease and tlu^ Indians, made a safe
journey, and arrived at I'ortlanil Septeinher 30,
1852. Mr. Ilornbnc'kle teamed with his oxen
that winter in Pui'thind, and in the spring came
to hie present locality, one mile west of Heaver-
ton, where he took up 2!)0 acres of laud. Here
they built the little log cabin of the pioneer,
and on this property they have since made their
home. To his original purchase he has since
added other land, and recently has subdivided
and sold portions of it. The Catholic Orphan's
Home, a !ji25.00(> structure, is located on land
he sold them. As the years have rolled by,
prosperity has attended the earnest elforts of
this worthy couple, and they are now in the en-
joyment of a nice home, surrounded with all the
comforts of life.

Mr. llornbiickle has been a Republican ever
since that party was organized. .Afrs. Ilornbuckle
is a member of the Methodist Ohurcli.

[EPTIMUS lIFKLATisone of the oldest
lawyers of Clackamas county, only one
other lawyer, Hon. W. Carey .lohnson an-
tedating him. These two were opposing coun-
sel in nearly all the leading cases in the county,
for many years. Judge lluelat has resided in
Oregon for nearly forty-two years and has been
a practitioner at the bar for thirty-two years, and
is a thoroughly read and experienced lawyer.
The Judge's father, John Huelat, was a native
of England, but came to New Vork when a
yi)\ing man. lie married Louisa Freshwater, a
native of England, and they had fourteen chil-
dren, of whom our subject was the seventh son,
hence his name, Septimus. During a visit of
the Judge's parents to England, some fifty years
ago, this talented son of theirs was born. Soon
after his birth the jiaronts returned to New York,
and here Septimus was reared and educated. If
our subject had had the ordering of his birth he
would have chosen the United States as his na-
tive land, but for all that, he is a citizen of the
United States, born while his parents were
abroad, as his parents were naturalized.

He came to Oregon in 185(1, and at first was
a clerk in a store, later eiii'ai'ed in mercantile
pursuits, and in 1855 was elected Sheriff of the
county of Clackamas, in which capacity he
served two years and then engaged in ranching,
raising stock with Mr. James K. Kelly, now an
ex-I'iiifed States Senator. The ranch was on '
Hu tte creek.

He read law with .Mr. Kelly and was admit-
ted to practice in 18(J0, and at once began his
practice, in which he has continued ever since.
In 1^62 he was elected Judge of the county, on
what was called the Union ticket. It was dur-
\\w the war. and Judi£e Huelat was a strong
I'liion man. This was the year and ticket on
which Governoi' (iiitbs was elected (Jovcrnor of
Oregon and Mr. .MclJride was elected to Con-
gress. Every one who loved his country was in-
terested in that ticket, anil they cairied the State
by a large majority. It was a general uprising
of the loyal people. Judge Huelat took an act-
ive part in the stirring events of those «lays,
he being then a |)rominent young lawyei'. After
serving creditably as County Judge for two
years he resigned to give his full attention to
his ])ractice.

br. McLonghlin, the founder of Oregon City
and a resident there, was very friendly to our
subject. In the general election of June. 1855,
at which time there were numerous candidates
to be voted for, including member of Coi'gress,
of the Legislature, .Vssembly, etc., .ludge lluelat
was a candidate for Sheriff. The Doctor came
to the poles and voted for the Judge alone, <le-
diningto vote for anyone else on either ticket.
This was the last vote ever cast by the Doctor.
After resigning his otHce of Judge, our subject
continue<i in the jiractice of his profession, in
his portion of Oregon. He still |)rftctices law,
but only takes such cases as interest him, as he
is heyond the need of any financial benefit from
them, and only continues to engage in his pro-
fession from the love of it.

The Judge was married in 1884 to a lady
whose maiden name was Hewlett. He has a
very nice tr.ict of land, with comfortable resi-
dence on the east side of the city, where lie
spends his leisure hours, in inakidg iinprovo-
ments and beautifying his grounds.

During his long residence in Oregon City
he has been connected with many iinprove-
jiients. lie was a member of the Lock Com-
pany for several years. His knowledge and
opinions in regard to legal matters is regarded

Hll

milii

Hrai

^ii

'^Hl

HBI

t-A'-

iNHi

l'-

1094

HISTORY OF <>llK(li)S.

as very reliable and valimlilc. lie is a iiiaii
of idciis and originality of tlionglit, and is
guided by liis (,wn judgment. He usually
votes the Dcniocrntic ticket, but the year ^Ir.
Cleveland ran, he cast his vote for James (i.
Hlaine.

From this brief Bketcii, ijrief because it was
impossible to get as modest a man as the
Judge til talk of his own achievements, and
not for lack of incidents in so eventful a life,
one may easily see that Judge Iluelat is a
manly gentleman, a good lawyer and reliable
citizen.

-^•€@-®^'^

fOIIX UONEYMAN. senior member of the
firm of John Iloneynian iV: Co., proprietors
of the City P^oiindry and Atachine Shops.
Portland, is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, born
August I'i, 1S15. He is descended from a
family of mechanics, and very naturally adopted
the trade in which he is now engaged. Begin-
ning the occupation of a molder under the di-
rection of his father .J (ilasgow and Greenock,
he emigrated to Canada in ISiJl, and there com-
pleted his apprenticeship under instruction in
the fouiulry of Bennet i^: llenderson at Montreal.
After four years (jf faithful service he began
work as a jonrneynnin, which he continued until
ls:-{t). During that year and the following he
participated in the Canadian rebellion, and
after the declaration of peace he removed to
C^uebec; there he was foreman in the Tweedle
foundry, holding the position until 1841. Then
he went to Kingston, and was foreman in the
foundry and machine shop until 1840; in the
latter year he started the Ontario foundry and
machine shops, which he sold at the end of two
years. The ne.xt enterprise in which he en-
gaged was the establishing of the Vulcan foundry
and machine shops which he operated until
1800.

In July of that year he disjiosed of his
interest there, and, accomj)anie(l by hie son,
William B., he started to Colorado. They
traveled to St. Joe, Missouri, by rail, and tlience
by the Wells-Fargo K.\pres.s to Denver, a dis-
tance of 00(1 miles. They engiigeil in mining at
Canon City and California (iulcli, now Lead-
ville, until the sjiriinjof 1802; then they crossed
the plains with ox teams to Oregon, arriving
without serious mishap at the Dalles; theycon-

tinueil their journey by river to I'ortlatid, wlierc
they arrived Dei/ember 23, 1862, without a
penny in their pockets. Mr. Honeyinan soon
secured work in the Oregon foundry, and there
remained until. June, 180:j. when he went to Idaho
Basin, where he followed mining and also worked
at his trade. At Kocky Bar he erected several
quartz mills, receiving wages of $10 per day.

Mr. Honeyinan was married, in I8i(0, on the
0th day of May, to Miss Eliza Levitt, a native
of Yorkshire, England, ami they reared a family
of ten children, seven of whom survive.

In 1807 Mr. Iloneyman returned to Portland
and brought his family from Kingston, Canada,
for permanent settlement. He followed his
trade until 1871, when he starteil the City
Foundry and Machine Shops, on the corner of
Front and Columbia streets, which ho managed
very successfully until 1873. when the entire
plant was destroyed by fire. With great courage
and energy lie set about bringing order out of
the chaos, and at the end of twenty-two days a
new structure was completed and tlie first cast-
ings had been run. The firm of J. Honeynian
& Co., was then organized, the members of the
corporation being J. Iloneyman and his three
sons, -foil;, .\., William B., and Benjamin V.
They did an extensive and profitable business
until 1885, when the firm dissolved, John
Iloneyman and his son, Benjamin F., continu-
ing the business. They manufacture every-
thing, from a boiler and engine to the most deli-
cate castings; the shops are very completely
e(juip|)ed with the best improved machinery,
and the furnace stack is capable of melting six
tons at a single heat. They employ on an aver-
age of twenty hands. In 1S82 they built the
city dredger for the Willamette river, which is
pronounced by the I'nited States engineer to be
the most jicrfect he has ever used.

Mr. Iloneyman is one of the originators of the
St. Andrew's Society, and is a charter member
of that body. He has devoted his life to busi-
ness, and by the em|)loyment of high ami honor-
able methods he has won the regard and esteem
of a wide circle of accpiaintance.

|.\THANIKL HOLMAX, proprietor of tiic
Ilolman Hotel, Dallas, Polk county, Ore-
gon, is a representative business man and

capitalist of this city. Following is a brief

sketch of his life:

UtaroiiY Oh' OREGON.

1005

XatliiinicI Iloliiriii was l>orn in Pliittu foiiiity,
Missouri, A[)ril 11, 1840. His fiitiicr, .liiiiies
S. Ildiinaii, a native of Tomiessco, was born
November 28, 1813, iiis popple l)uini^ early set-
tlers of that State, lie mirrieil Miss Mary
Bowman, also a native of Tennessee, the date of
her birth beinj^ Xovcmbor 22, 1811. Both had
emigrated to Missouri, and their marriage
occurred in that State. Seven children were
born to them in I'latte county, two of whom
died there. In 1847 he and his wife and the
surviving, children crossed the plains to Oregon,
making the six months' journey with ox teams,
and meeting with no serious mishap on the
way. Arrive<l in I'olk county, they settled on
the Luckamute I'iver, twelve miles south of
Dallas, on a donation claim of 640 aci'es. On
this jiroperty Mr. Holman built a cabin, and in
pioneer style established their home in it, and
liere they completed the rearing of their chil-
dren. He was prospered in his iindertakinga,
and was enabled to purchase lOU acres more
land. A part of the donation claim is still
owned by the family. Mr. Ilolman was a Re-
publican in politics, and was deeply interested
in public afiairs. lie was thrice elected and
served as Sheriff, his second term being the
tirst under the State government of Oregon,
lie was also a member of the Territorial Legis-
lature, and was twice elected a member of the
State Legislature, serving in all these positions
with his characteristic ability. He died in 1880,
in his sixty-seventh year, highly respected
by all who knew him. His wife survived him
till 1883. Hotli were members of the I'aptist
Cliurch. Two children were added to the fam-
ily in Oregon: Amos H. and Mary II. The
latter married Eli Crossley, and died in lier
twenty-fourth year, leaving one child.

Nathaniel Ilolman, who has furnished the
data for this sketch, was one year old when he
arrived in Oregon with his father and family,
in 1847. He attended the public schools, the
Baptist College at McMiuTiville. and the Chris-
tian College at Monmouth, and also the Wil-
lamette University. After this he was engaged
in teaching thi'ee years in Polk and Benton
counties. The following live years he fanned
on his father's land, and then six years on a
farm of his own, having purchased 480 acres.
At the expiration of that period ho rented his
land, moved to Dallas, purchased property here,
and until 1889 was engaged in the livery busi-
ness. That year he sold out and engaged in

spocuhitingand money-loaning. He was ii stock-
holder in the building of the Ilolman Hotel, a
large and Hrst-class house, whicii had been very
much needed in Dallas. After its erection he
purchased the other stock, and has since been
solo proprietor of the property. Mr. Hnlman
is also a stockholder in the building of the large
woolen mill here. He ali-o owns other valuable
pro|)erty in Dallas. '

lu 1868 Ml'. Holman married Miss Martha
Waters, a native of Indiana, and a daughter of
E. U. Waters. They have had four (diildren,
three of whom are living, all born in I'olk
county, namely: William II., who died in
his thirteenth year; Nettie J., John I), and
James N.

Mr. Holman afHIiates with the Republican
party, and is now President of the City
Council.

I'OIIN IIOLMAN, vice-president and super-
intendent of the Albany Iron Works, was
born in London, Ontario, Canada, in 1838;
descended from Sir William Beimett Ilolman, a
prominent landholder of England. The father
of our subject, Lewis Ilolman, emigrated to
Canada in boyhood, and there learned the trade
of millwright, mechanism being his right by
inheritance, as many of his ancestors had been
skilled mechanics, lie was married in Canada,
to iliss Jane Bailey, of English descent, and he
followed contracting and building through life.
They had twelve (diildren, all of whom are
living, with a very large posterity.

John Holman was educated in Ontario U!itil
he was sixteen years of age, wlieii he was bound
out to Hon. Elijah Leonard for five years, to
learn the trade of i!iolder and machinist, re-
ceiving a mere pittance as wages for services
rendered. In 18511 he came to the United
States, and passed thr<!e yofirs in the leading
machine shops of Rochester, Butt'alo, Detroit,
Chicago and Cleveland, learning many new
points of advantage. lie then returned to Lon-
don, and worked in the shop of Mr. Leonard
until 1865, when he started for the Pacific
coast, first visiting California and then going to
Salem, Oregon, where his uncle, Joseph Hol-
man, a pioneer of 1840, then resided, engaged
ill the mercantile business and the manufacture
of oil. Soon after arrival, John found employ-

1 I

louo

UISTUUr OF UltKaON.

tt^l

iiieiit in the Siilciii Iron Works, wlierc lie coii-
tiiiiif(l !is joiirrieyiiiaii iiiilil lS<i7, and was up-
pointed superintendent. It wan tiiroiigli his
al)le nianai;cinent that tiiey iiave built ujian ex
tensive business, iieniuinini,' witii tiiein until
IsSJO, hf then left and came to Albany, ami
lK)Ught an interest in tiio Albany iron \Vori<8.
which were establisiied in 18(58 liy y[r. (Jlierry,
i)Ut had continued with biii* little success. With
tlie additional skill and able nianaj^oinent of
Mr. ilolnian. the business is beinj.^ increased
anil e.xtendeil, and they enjoy the contidence and
good-will of their many patrons. The works
are located on the corner of First and Mont-
j^oinery streets, with shops well e(juipped with
imjiroved ma'.dunery for a j;eneral foundry and
machine business. With ample ifromid for in-
creased facilities, a valuable water jiower, and
convenient access to railroad and steamboat
transportation, the future of the works seems
pro|(itiou8 unil success assured.

N[r. Ilolman was nnirried. in LStil, to June
Weeks, in London. Ontario, and they have fonr
chihlren: Minnie; Walter .1.; Carrie L.. wife of
Georire Myer; and X'ictoi'ia E., wife of John
Lunn.

Mr. Ilolman is a tiieniber of the I. (). O. F.
and Kncanipmcnt, ami was the active institutor
of the IVolection Lodo;e, A. (). U. W., at Salem.
lie has taken an active interest for many years
in the X'olunteer Fire Department, thonirh in no
sense is he a seeker for political emolument.

[AMl'EI. lirCillKS, the ])ioneer merchant
of Forest Grove, is a native of Cooper
county, Missouri, born on the othof July,
18:i.j. His father, John W. Iluffbes, was a
native of Tennessee, born in 18011, but his i^reat-
graudfather llujrlies was born in Ireland and
emigrated to America previous to the Revolu-
tion, atid fought in the Continental army during
the struggle for independence. Three genera-
tions of the family from this ancestor, bore the
name of Satawhite, down to the father of our
subject, who was John W. The latter married
in Missouri in 18;{:{, Susan Williams, of Tenn-
essee. Their union was blesseil with seven chil-
dren, of whom five are living. Mr. Hughes was
the second child. He w.is raise<l in his native
State and then removed to Texas, where he fol-
lowed the trade of a blacksmith, as well as that
of an engineer on many of the boats on the

Mississippi river. At Galveston, Texas, ho re-
sided a short tinu' and worked in a foundry, and
was also engaged in putting up sugar mills and
running them in that State, from 18132 to 185(5.
He then followed the example of so many others
and went to California. Tlic trip was mailo by
the Isthmus of I'anauia. After reaching there
he mined in se.'eral ('onnties. Tiring of this,
i'c went to San Francisco and worked in a
foundry for sometime, and was later engaged in
the coast survey under Colonel Fairfield. After
that work was finished he went to Portland,
Oregon, in 1857, on Noxember 14. He re-
members that day as it was the (tne oti which
the .State Constitution was adopted, lie worked
at his trade until the following March, and then
went to Forest (irove. In that same month he
opened a blacksmith shop, which he continued
successfully till ls()4, and then he went to Idaho
and worked two years in the (piartz mines.
When he retired from the Tiiincs, lie purchased
a farm of 110 acres of land adjoining the town
plat of Forest Grove, where he built a home and
lias since resided. In 1872 he opene<l his hard-
ware store in Forest Cirove. He has prosjiered
so much in this business, that fonr years later
he built a store, 2t) x 100 feet, which he has since
occupied. In addition to this he lias much
space devoted to farm implements and stoves.
His was the first store of its kind in Forest
Grove, and he is the oldest merchant continu-
ously in business. He has kept his old custom-
ers, and his trade extends ont into the county.
Mr. Hughes' methods of doing business have
been both honorable and liberal, and by this he
has prospered. He has, from time to time,
added to his farih until he now has 286 acres. Ho
is conducting it himself and is raising some
famous shorthorn cattle. Mr. Hughes has been
enterprising in the way of improvements in the
city; was one of the organizers of the Electric
Light iV' Cannery Company.

In 18511, after having been in Forest Grove
Olio year, he was married to Miss Georgia A.
lieed, of Missouri, a daughter of Mr. James II.
lieed, who came to Oregon in 1852. Five sons
and three daughters blessed their union. The
son, E. C. Hughes, is now the County Clerk of
Washington county; S. G., is in the store with
his father; (ieorge li.. is also in the store; and
John W. is on the farm. The younger children
are EInia S., Maggie, Grace and Georgia May.

Mr. Hughes has the credit of having held the
office of Justice of the I'eace in this city for

nisroiti' iih' oiiEdos.

Kill

tweoty-tlireo yeiirfi, and iiotwitlistamliiig tliiTu
were luiiiitsroiis aiipi'iilK fi'niii liis (leciwioiis, not
Olio was ever rcvurBfil. Such a reconl of luj^al
decrees Ima ln'oii soldoin ('(jiiak'd, and Imd lio
liceii a tliuroiii^hly road lawyer lie cuiild not, have
been more correct in his jiidffuu'iit. In politics
he is a |{i'])iil)licaii and is f)ne of the most sub-
stantial liiisiiifss nu'ii of Ills comity. Very fow
have made such a f;oo(l Iiiisiiies8 record as de-
servedly as he has.

^-©©: <V

fF.OllGE W. I'EKKINS, one of the liiglily
respected early settlers of Vain Hill
county, came to Oregon in 185;J. Fol-
lowinfT is a brief ontline of his life.

Georije AV. Perkins was born in Cattarans'iis
county, New Vork, July 11, 181'J. His father,
Kli I'erkine, was a niitivo of Massachusetts, a
descendant of early New Eup;land B(<ttler8; and
his mother, Sally (Hull) I'erkins, was a native
of Vermont, and the daughter of a Revolution-
ary soldier. Of their seven (diildivn only three
arc now living: George AV^ and his two sisters,
wives of Dan and .lames .Johnson, pioneers of
l^a Fayette, Oregon.

Mr. i'erkins s|)cnt eighteen years of his early
life in Tippecanoe county, Indiana, where he
was married to Miss Harriet Heriidoij, a native
of that State, ami a daughter of ('. Ilerndon.
The Ileriiddus were respected farmers, and wor-
thy meiiihers of the Rajitist Chiircli. Mr. and
Mrs. Perkins started with their family across
the plains for Oregon in I85i{, and this journey
was marked by two important events, namely:
tile death of one child and the birth of another.
While they were on the jilaiiis their little two-
year-old boy accidentally fell into a kettle and
was scalded, dying soon afterward. When they
were on the Rlue inonntains, en route to Vam
Hill county, their son, Iildgar, wa3 born. This
son is now a successful business man of La Fay-
ette. They had forty-three head of cattle wlien
they started on this journey, and when they ar-
rived in Oregon all the stock they had left was a
pair of mules, the rest having died.

Arrived in Oregon, Mr. Perkins' tirst em-
ployment was in a sawmill, and his wife helped
to cook for the mill hands. They worked in
this way four years. Then they fettled on their
donation claim, a tract of 305 acres, ami on it
lived eighteen year.s, working hard to develop it.

He was Huceesefiil in his undertakings. In ISTO
he retired from the I'arni, ]iurcliiised some lots
in I, a Fayette, built a good houses and barn, and
here he and his wile are (jnii'tly spending the
e\eiiingof their lives in peace and comfort.

Of their children we make the following
record: George M. resides with his jiareiits;
Sarah (Jatliariiie is the wife of .lob .1. Cary, and
lives in La Fayette, near lii'i' father's lioiiie;
Mary .lane is now Mrs. Newton Hcuibree, and
ia also a resident of La Fayette; Eniiua is the
wife of J. il. Hembree, a merchant of La Fayette;
L)elmar have (diarge of the donation claim. This
pioneer couple have seven grandchildren and two
great-grandchildren.

Mrs. Perkins is a nunnber of the IJaj)tist
(Jhurcli. Mr. Perkins in politics is a goo(l
representative of the old .JacKsonian Democrat.

-^£==^ -^fe-i {♦.eii^ «=

,E()RGE W. .JOHNSON, a ])roiiiinent
member of commercial circles in Marion
county, is one of the pioneers of the State
of Oregon. He was born at Pittslield, Pike
county, Illinoi^. .Inly 111, 184-1, a son of Hiram
A. .Johnson, whoso history appears on another
page of this volume; he was three years of ago
when his parents crossed the plains to this State
ill 18-17, and here grew to maturity. He received
his education in the ('(111110011 schools, and was a
fanner on his own lands from the time be came
of age until 1875. He then enibarkeil in the
general mercantile business atScio, Linn county,
Oregon, and had a successful and profitable
trade there until 1882; in that year ho sold out
and cunio to Salein, and purchased the business
established by E. Myre & ('o., which ho has
since conducted with marked ability. He carries
a stock of furnishing goods, hats, caiis, trunks
and valises, all well-selected with a special view
to the demands of the public. The jiatronage is
drawn from a territory whose radius is twenty-
five miles. In addition to his mercantile inter-
ests, Mr. Johnson has invested in country and
city property, and is doing a real-estate business
on his own account. He owns a pleasant residence
in the city of Saleni, where he lives with his
family, in the enjoyment of many of the comforts
of this civilization. He was a soldier in the late
civil war, having enlisted in i8tjii, and served
until its close. .

KIOH

IIISTOUY nh- oHKnoS.

\\v. WHS iiiiitcil ill iriHi-i'iiii^t', in lH(|tS, to MiiiH
Miii'V I', .loiics. rt native of Missouri, u tliiiigiitor
of Louirt J011U8, wliit (Miii^'niti'il to ( >rcgon in
ISo'i. Of tili^t union six cliildrcn have linen
iiorn; Oscar M., lio-io K., I.nlii I!., (tcurj^'ii',
Clyde and I'linl; UoBio K. is Hie wife of Willis
McKlroy. son of tlic lion. K. li. McKlroy, btatc
Superintenilc'iit ol' I'ulilic Instrnctjon.

Sir. .loliiiHoii is a worthy ineinhcr of the Ma-
8oiiii', fraternity, liuloiiiiing hoth to the liliio
l()i|i;('aiid cliiiptt'i'. llc('ii>t his first |)rcaidi'iifial
vote for the world-riMiowiu'd noldier anil patriot,
(iciioral r. S. (irant, and Inis since utKliatcd
with the HepiiMii'aii party. He is a nmii of
(jiiii't, thoiif^htfiil manlier, strictly lionoralile in
business, and a liheral supporter of those enter-
prises whicli teiiil to advance tiiu intereutH of the
city, county and State.

fOlIN ISOM. a proiniiieiit citizen of AHiany.
was horn in (Jrayfon county, Virginia, 011
October 7,18:27." His father, David bom,
was born in the saiiie county, his ancestors
having been pioneers of that locality, all of
wiioin followed agricultural pursuits. Tiio
mother of our subject, Sarah ((!noat) Isom, was
a native of North Carolina, bein<; (Joscended
from a family which was eminent in Uu- 'e^al
jirofession.

Our subject was educated in his iiali>e c iiiiity.
where he lived with his parents, b' iei: ■; .iployeil
with farm duties, and at blacksinirliing in his
father's shop, until ho was twenty years of ajje.
He then started in life for himself, first emi-
grating to Cole county, Missouri, where he en-
gaged in farming. In 1848 he was married in
that State to ^liss Klizabeth M. Smith, a native
of Grayson county. Virginia, lie eoiitinued
farming and blacksmithing until the spring of
1853, when he, like so many others, determined
to seek a far distant land in the West. With
two wagons, ten yoke of o.\en. and some loose
cattle, and his wife ami two children, he started
on the long journey across the plains. His trip
was without pai'ticular incident, exceiit the loss
of considerable stock by drinking alkali water.
He arrived in Oregon on October 7, with four
and a half yoke of oxen ami one wagon. They
followed the course pursued by many othei's.
that is. embarking at the DalK'.s on the (\)liiiii-
bia river, they proceeded by boat to Oregon

('ity, proceeding on their journey by bind to
i.ebanon. Here .Mrs. Isom had a brother,
William M. Smith, who was a pioneer of 1845.
Mr. Isoin located five miles north of Hrowns-
I ville, |iiircliasing a claim of 'A'M acres for iftiOO,
which included a small log cabin. Wi'ri' he en-
gaged ill tanning, subsetjiiently iinrchasing ad-
ioiniiig liindrt to the amount of 1,4U() acres,
UOO acres of which he dinoted to agricultural
|)Ur|i08e8, and using the rest for a stock range,
having about li^O head of cattle, whicli he
owned in partnership with his son. He has
also pureluised other lands in Linn and I'olk
counties, to the amount of ~,500 acres, and now
has ill fiirin lands about 4,()()(( acres. He has
been engaged since 18')5 in raising horses in
eastern ( )regon. where he now has a herd of iJOO
of the American anil Clydesdale stock, in lS('i4
he became interested in the Willamette Valley
ife Cascade Mountain Military Wagon Road,
extending from Albany to Hoise, Idaho. In
1KS7 Mr. Isinii moved to .\lbany. where, in part-
nership with -Martin HalUrd, he bought his pres-
ent mill projierty, which was toriiierly used for a
warehouse. In 187'.) they put in biihr maeliin-
cry for grinding flour, and thus established the
" Ked Crown Flour Mill." In a few years, the
advance of milling machinery made it impera-
tive for them, in order to coni])eie with other
tnoderii mills, to put in im|iriiveinents and the
latest roller- process machinery, which they ac-
corijiiigly dill, at '.be same time increasing their
capacity to 150 barrels of flour every twenty-
four hours. At about that time E. Gowens
and E. J. Lanning bought the Ballard interest,
and subseiiiiently the Gowens interest was sold
to Isom A: Lanning, who now operate the mill.
This brand of Hour, the Red Crown, has so in-
creased in popularity throughout the Northwest,
that improved machinery is about being added,
and the capacity of the mill increased to 250
barrels. Power for this mill is gained by water
from the Santiatn canal, and all wheat is pur-
chased in the Willamette valley.

^Ir. and Mrs. Isom have eleven children,
four sons and seven daughters, who have grown
to maturity, all being satisfactorily settled in
life.

Mr. Isom is in politics a Democrat, and has
served his county several times as County Com-
missioner.

He is interested in enterprises and various
pursuits, being a atoekholder in the Albany Ice
Company, stockholder and director of the Bank

LiBinzaujria ^

nisToay of onsuox.

10!)l)

(if ()rpj^i>ii, proiiriclor of tli(> AHmiiy Sddii
Win'ks mill (Jimrfi'tioiu^i'v Mimiit'iirtory. Iiotiidi's
liuviii^ rxti'imivc miiiiiii^r interests on tlio Sim-
tiani river, wliicii Imve ii (|uiirt/, mill in oporu-
tion. His jwlicy liiw l)een (itie of progression,
and lie is nuniiicri'd aiming tiie foremost dc-
veli'liers of I, inn county.

lA.lOU FRANK K. HOI )(i KIN, a well-
known piililic man and esteemed citi-
zen, is Assistant State Treasnrer of
Oregon, and resiiles in Salem. He is a native
of TcenniHidi, Michigan, wliere lie was liorn
March H, 184(5. His ancestors v.'cre English,
those on his mother's side lieing I'liritans. Ilia
maternal grandt'ather, Dr. William I'acon, for-
merly ol' Connecticut, pushed westwanl to
Western New York, in 182(1, and served the
United States Government as postmaster. His
fatlier. Rev. Edmund F. Hodgkin, was horn in
England, and emigrated to tlm I'nited States,
and was connected with the work of the Episco-
pal Church in Michigan. The mother of our
subject, Mrs. Mary (Hacon) Hodgkin, was born
in New York State.

The subject of our sketch was left an orphan
at the age of nine years, and was reared by his
maternal grandparents. Dr. and Mrs. William
Bacon, tluMi residentsof Rnreaii county, Illinois,
but later of Niles, Michigan. A fa(;t worthy of
mention in regard to this worthy couple is that
they lived to celebrate their sixty-eighth wed-
ding anniversary, an e'-ont so rare that it may
be called uni(ine. Onr subject received the
beneiits of a cominon-school education, and
commenced, at the age of si.xteen years, to Ifiani
the tinners' trade, at which ho worked in Jlich-
igan, Illinois and Missouri, until 1870. He
then crossed the continent to San Francisco, and
thence journeyed by the old steamship Califor-
nia to Portland, whore ho joined his uncle, G.
V. Ikcon, who was then proprietor of t/ie Black
Ilawk Stables. In September of that year, he
received the appointment of .night clerk in tlie
Portland post office, under Hon. L. II. Wake-
field. Here he remained until the spring of
1872, when he went to Salem, where he acted
for a few months as local editor of the States-
man. In December, of that year, he accepted
a position on the editorial staff of the Portland
Daily Bulletin, remaining there until the sum-

mer of 1874. in January. 1^7o, he was ap-
pointed mailing and delivery clerk in the Salem
post ollice, under Cdlnnel T. I!. Rickey, leinain-
iiig in that position until the spring of ls7((.
He then returned to Portland, where, n|ion the
organization of the Daily Evening Telegram, he
was otfered the position of city editor, with Ex-
(tdvernor (ieorgo 1,. Curry as editor-iiichief.
Here he roniained one year, when he becaino
associated with W. S. Chapmiin in tlu' editorial
manageineiit of the Daily l!ee. This position
he resigned in September, 1878, to accept the
office (if Assistant Secretary of State, under the
Hon. K. P. Earhart, who that month assumed
his otHcial duties. In September, 1881, Mr.
Hodgkin was commissioned Assistant .\djiitant-
(ieneral on the staff of Brigadier-<ieiieral F.
Meyer, with the rank of Major. On Mr, Ear-
hart's re-election as Secretary of State, in 1882,
he re-a|i|iointed Mr. Hodgkin his Assistant,
which position ho filled until the election of
Hon. George W. Mcl'ride, in .lanuary, 1887.
In the spring of 1887 Mr. Hodgkin was ap-
pointed special agent and adjusi 'c of insuranco
companies, represented by Balfour, Guthrie &
Co., of San Francisco, covering the territory of
Oregon, Washingtun and Idaho. After the
great fire in Seattle, on June 0, 188U, Mr.
Hodgkin spent six weeks, in company with
forty other adjusters, in adjusting the city losses.
He also spent four weeks at Spokane Falls,
after their great tire of August 4, 188U, in a
similar occupation. He continued as special
agent and adjusior until December, 1890, when
he resigned to accept the position of Assistant
State Treasurer, under Philip .Metschan, where,
at the present writing, Major Hodgkin is en-
gaged.

He was married in Salem, on September 2,
1874, to Miss Frankie A. Dunbar, a native of
Marion county, this State, and the youngest
daughter of the Hon. llice Dunbar, an Oregon
pioneer of the early '408. Tliev have fourchil-
(lr;'!i: William M., Charles 15., ^largaiot A. and
liockey D.

The JIajor is Past (iraiid of Samaritan Lodge,
No. 2, of Portland, I. O.O. F., and also i'ast Mas-
ter Workman of Protection Lodge, No. 2, A. O.
U. W.

Major Hodgkin was for several years the Sa-
lem correspondent of the Daily Oregonian, and
aUorerved in the same capacity for the Sail Fran-
cisco Chronicle. As editor and puliliaher he
produced " Pen Pictures of Representative Men

'^it.

jill
ill

IIUO

irrsToiiY OF niiEooy.

Il, .!

of (~)ref50Ti," wliich was extensively sold tliroii^li-
oiit till) State. In it ho ilisplayed irreat skill in tlio
coUectiiiff and arnitifjinj; of facts, which were
most judicionsly and cleverly written.

^lUAM A. JOIINSOX, one of Ore^ron's
res])eeted |)ioneer8, wasltorn in St. Lawrence
tonnty. Ne>v York, Fehrnarv 18, 181U.
His father, Charlo.; Johnson, was a native of
Saratofi;a county. New York, and was of Scotch-
Irish ancestry; the mother's maiden name was
Kachel Pratt, and she was horn in Yermont, of
Puritan stock. Hiram A. was reared on his
father's farm, and received his eilucation in tlie
common schools. lie remained under the par-
ental roof until he was twenty-one years of ai>e.
In the sprini? of 1S4() he started out on a career
that has taken him throuifh many hard experi-
ences, but has also brought its reward.' lie went
to Pike county, Illinois, and duly, 25, 1841, was
united in marriage to Miss Klizaheth ,f. Whit-
ney, a native of Wayne county, Illinois, her
ancestry beiui; Scotch-Irisii anil Hnalish. Air.
Johnson purchased and partly iin|)roved two
places, but in April, 1847, "he started from
Pittstiehl, Illinois, for Oregon. There was not
a bridge or a ferry on the whole distance.
There were twenty-three wajrons in the train,
and Mr. .lohnsons' family eansisted of a wife
and two children, to which was added another
Boul before the journey was completed. They
were the first train to take the liarlow trail.
They arrived in the valley Septemlier 10.
After their arrival in Marion county, Air. John-
son took up a donation claim oftUO acres, which
had been taken up jireviously by a sailor, who
had built a log house and tlien abondonod it;
this structure was without windows or <loor,
but was soon made liabitable, and furnished a
Bhelter until 1849, when it was replaced by a
hewn log house; tiiis, in turn, was abiiudoned for
a better one in 1855. The exi)eriences of our
subject are not dissimilar to those of many of
his iirothor |)ionoers; i)rovision.s were very high
and some times could not be procured at any
cost. They lived on beef and potatoes the first
winter. In the fall of 1S48 the news of the
gold disc .very reached Oregon, and Mr. John-
son started for the mines September \s with
pack horses; ho dujr tor gold on the American
river and Spanish bir, takii.g out from SoO to

$75 per day, until the bad weather began. He
then returned by sail-vessel in February, 1849,
to his family with such luxuries as coffee, sugar
and a few dishes. Later a store was established
at Oregon City, where supplies could be
procured.

Mr. Johnson followed agricultural pursuits,
and added to his lands until in 1862 he had
accumulated 1,200 acres. At this time he pur-
chased a general mercantile stock at Jefferson,
and conducted the business Ave years, meantime
renting his farm. At the e.xpiration of this
period he returned to his farm, and in 1872 he
sold a ]>ortion of the land, gave each of his sons
a farm, and removed to Salem. While a citizen
of Jefferson he was elected .i assessor of the
county; he was Justice of the Peace several
years, and soon after coming to Salem he was
elected to this office which he tilled acceptably
for twelve years. He has served one terrn as
Deputy County Treasurer.

In 1882 he built a r'sidence in Salem, and is
now retired from nct.v'e pursuits. He has a
family of six sons and a daughter: George W.
and John C. are the subjects of biographical
iu)tice8 in this volume; the other children are:
William W.. Hiram A., Jr., Samuel Thurston,
Ilachel C , wl.o married J. Earl, he died and she
is married again to J. II. Haurts, of Salem; and
Francis M., a farmer, living near Moscow, Idaho.
Mr. Johnson was made a Mason in 1862, and
has been a Alastor of his lodge and an active
Mason for thirty years. He and his wife are
consistent members of the Christian Church.
He aiul his gooil v.-ife celobratt'd the fiftieth anni-
versary of their wedding day July 25, 1891. In
1S76 they maile a trip to the Hast, visiting the
scenes of earlier days, but the landmarks had
disappeared, and there was little to remind them
of their youth. They are people of much force
of character, and have done their share in the
development of the wilderness of the Pacific
coast to one of the greatest commonwealths of
this nation.

tH. JOHNSON, County Clerk of the
county of Clackamas, and a native son of
■3 Oregon City, was born July 23, 184 t.
He is the son of Rev. Ile/okiah .Fohnson, a
pioneer of 1845. (For fuller particulars see bi-
ography of Hon, W. Casey Johnson i'l this book.)

mm'^&

I; m

11891 ^B

i: i

jS^. f^. .St^Je^.

lUSTOUY OF OHEdON.

1101

llezeskiali II. Johiison, our subject, was
the youngest child of the family, and he was
raised and educated in his native city, lie en-
gaged in different occiijiations as he was grow-
ing up, and received the appointment of Deputy
United States Surveyor. He served in this
capacity for eight years, and during that time
was engaged in Idaho establishing lines for the
Oovernnient. In 1N88 he was elected County
Clerk, and gave sucii satisfaction that he re-
ceived a re-election in 1890, and is now serving
his second term in a highly satisfactory manner.

He was married, in 1886, to Miss .losephine
Day, of Ohio, and the daughter of Mr. AI)Baloni
Day. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson liad one daugh-
ter, Violet Olive, born in (Jregon City. Mrs.
Johnson died in 1889, and her husband bat-
had the sympathy of the whole community.
Not only (lid they sym])athize with him, but
they felt that they ail had lost a true and faith-
ful friend in the death of Mrs. Johnson. ^Ir.
Johnson is a Republican and a man of excellent
reputation. Me is proud of having ticen born
in Oregon City, and he is one of her sons, of
wliora she may well feel proud.

^■•^

tON. HENRY W. CORBETT. the worthy
pioneer, the successful business man, the
distinguished Statesman, the Christian
philanthropist and the quiet, unassuming citi-
zen of Portland, has for forty-one years been
identified with the busiiu'ss, the religious and the

tolitical interests, not only of Oregon, but of the
Inited States. He has been one of the promi-
nent and potent factors in the development of
the great Northwest. His birthplace was West-
borough, Massachusetts, February 8, 1827. The
first ancestor of his family of whom anything is
known, was Roger Corbett, a military chief, who
won distinction and lands under William I in
the conquest of England in KXiC). The oldest
Bon of Roger was seated at Wattsborough. His
second son. Sir Robert Corbett, baronet, had
for his iidieritance, the castle of the estate of
Cnrrs, with a large portion of his father's domain.
His son and namesake, Robert, went to the siege
of Arce witli Richard I. having for armorial
bearings in this campaign two ravens, which
have been his descendants' crest ever since. The
Corbetts all along thu line were worthy men,
who won distinction in the affairs of both
church and State. Some of them were learned

mend)ersof professions. TheCorl)ett8 in Amer-
ica are their lineal ''ascendants, the connection
being made quite clear by the family record,
kept at Mendon, Massachusetts. The ancestor
of the family in America, Henry Winslow Cor-
liett, came from old England to New England
early in the seventeenth century. The grand-
father of our subject and his father were both
named Elijah Corbett, the latter marrying Miss
Molinda Eorbish. He was a mnchauie and
established at Westborough, the first edge-tool
manufactory in that part of Massachusetts. He
subsequently removed to Washington county,
New York, where he continued his munulactory
until his health failed. He then settled in
Cambridge in the same county, and engaged in
farming until his death.

They had eight children, of whom six grew
to maturity, Henry Winslow was theiryoungest
child. His boyhood was passed in Washington
county, New York, where he received a common
school education. In ISKt, when thirteen years
old, he began his business career in a store at
Cambridge, where he remained two years Ho
then took a regular cour.se in the Cambridge
Academy, and next secured a clerkship in a store
at Salem, the county seat. At the end of a year
he went to New York city and secured a clerk-
ship in the dry goods store of Williams, Brad-
ford it Co., serving sevan years in that busi-
ness. During this j)criod he became firmly
established in the confidence of his employers.
In October, 1850. they furnished him the neces-
sary capital to ship a general line of merchan-
dise to Portland, Oregon, by the way of Capo
Horn, on the bark Francis and Louise. Ho
arrived at Portland in March, 1851, when this
town contained aliout 4(Kt to 500 inhabitants
and five small stores. Stumps of trees stood
in Front street, and back of First street stood
the virgin forest. He secured the rental of a
frame building, then not fully completed, on the
corner of Front and Oak streets, at $125 per
month. He removed his goods to the second
story of this building before it was completed,
his customers being obliged to ascend a tlight
of stairs. At night when ho was ready to
retire, he pulled u|) the stairs after him and
slept in the store.

Within fourteen months he had disposed of
his entire stock of goods, the net profit amount-
ing to the sum of i!20,0(l(>, with which he re-
turned to New York city; but before leaving ho
formed a partnership with liobert and Finlay

1102

UISTORY OF OltECON.

^McLaren, wlio were to etiiitiiiue the biisirii'ss in
Portliuid. He reiiiiiinud in New Vorli one year
and continued to pliip jfoods to iiis partners in
I'ortland. He then determined to nialso i'ort-

land liis 'i mi.o.
he (UrsoIn;
ness in his e
general nierca.

Some inonthi;; after his return
"■ 'ship and eontiinu'(l the i)nsi-

)e. He eontinned to do a
MsineBB until I'^'KI, when lie
chanifed tua whon-ale hardware business, which,
in ISin. he consolidated with the stock of Henry
Failing & Company, which has since occupied
the first place ainonj^ the mercantile houses of
the I'acitic Northwest.

As soon as he had his financial niiltters on a
firm basis in tlu^ city of his adoption, he began
to take a prominent part in the c'^^rprises,
which he saw were needed to develop tiie re-
sources of the country. Ho first turned his
attention to the improvement of transportation
facilities on the rivers. lie was also among the
first to advocate the liuilding of the Northern
Pacific Railroad, and while in the Senate labored
zealously, although he had no personal interest
to subserve in so doing. After the failure of
Jay Cooke to carry the undertaking through, he
assisted ii> the reorganizing of the company,
took stock in the company and became one of
the most active promoters, [n 18i)5-'66 he
secured the Government to carry the mail be-
tween San Francisco and Oregon City. The
line, 040 miles in length, he stocked with four
liorso stages and successfully conducted the
business until his election to the I'nited States
Senate, when he relinquished his contract.

In 18(59, with Henry Failing, Mr. Corbett
purchased the controling interest in the First
National Bank of Portland, which had been
established four year.s previously. Its business,
however, was very limited, its deposits amount-
in"; to abont $4(),00(). Tnder the new manaife-
ment it has steadily grown in magnitude until,
at the present time, it is at the head of financial
institutions of the Northwest, with deposits
aggregating over S3,000,000, and capital and
surplus over §1,000,000. It is the strongest
national bank in the Northwest. Mr. Henry
Failing has been president ever since they took
control, and since his retirement from the Sen
ate Mr. Corbett has been vice-president. N umer-
ous are the other enterprises, which have re-
ceived and are still receiving his encouragement
ami pecuniary assistance. Being a director of
the Oregon Railway and .Navigation (Company
he has always cast his influence in behalf of

liberal measures in its management and to secure
the lowest rates of transportation possible with
good and (|uick service. He is also largely
interested in the Oregon Fire and Marine Insur-
ance Company, of which ho is vice-president,
and in the Oregon Rope Works, the Oregon
Linseed ( )il Works and the Street Railway Com-
pany. He is president of the company, which
lias completed the erection of the Portland
Hotel, which is second in size only to the Palace
Hotel in San Francisco. He was also largely
instrumental in the organization of the Portland
Board of Trade, and for several years was its
president. lie has also been prominently con-
nected with the Board of Immigration. All
the above have been potential in the growth and
development of the country.

He is a largo owner of real estate, and has
built several large blocks in the city. In private
enterprises, which have had for their object the
advancement of the city or the promotion of
the moral and intellectual good of his fellow-
citizens, Mr. Corbett has responded readily and
wisely. His name heads every subscription list
to tvorthy objects. He gave $35,000 toward
the erection of the Presbyterian Church, made
a liberal donation toward the endowment of
the Children's Ilonie, and contributed largely
to the Young Men's Christian Association, to
the Boys' and Girls' Aid Society and Sailors'
Ibjine, in fact to everything lie gives, and so
(|uietly, that half of his benefactions are not
known. He seeks ojjportnnity t(i do good and
to help his fellow-men and his city.

He was reared in the doctrines of the Presby-
terian denomination, and for many years has
been a consistent member of that church, but
his sympathy and substantial encouragement go
out to all agencies, irrespective of I'eligion or
creed, which tend to help the snffei'ing and to
improve mankind. In jiolitics Mi'. Corbett was
a Whig and a devoted tollower of Henry Clay.
When the formation of the Republican party in
Oregon took place he became one of its leaders,
and, in fact, jiarticipated in its organization, and
has since been one of its strong adherents. As
Chainiian of the State Central Committee he did
Some \aliant service in seciii'ing its ascendency
in ()regon. At the convention held in 1860 he
and Leander Holmes were electecl delegates to
the Chicago Convention, which nominated
liincoln for the ju'esidency. They failed to
reach the convention in time and Horace (J reeley
represented Oregon l.y proxy for Mr. Corbett

iffsronr of orecon.

\w.

and Mr. Ilolines, and tlie two votes Mr. Greeley
was thus able to cast for Mr. Lincoln, backed by
iiis jwwcrfnl intinence, bad a most potent uiTect
in tlie nomination of ^fr. Lineoln, and all the
conse(juent results to the country.

Durinjf all the events which afterward trans-
pired in the country, during the war and after it,
in upluilding its credit, Mr. Corbett made no
mistakes, and was in the lead in the measures,
wliicli were afterward adopted by the (Tovern-
ment in the suppression of the rebellion, and
the eminently successful methods which he sus-
tained to the credit of the country and settled
all the questions, wliicli at that time seemed so
ditficnlt of solution. To such men as Senator
Corbett the country owes a debt of gratitude
that will never be overestimated, and all future
generations will revere the memory of the pa-
triot pioneer, who planned so well and labored so
efficiently in laying the foundation and build-
ing the edifice of a great, rich free State, which
challenges the admiration of the world.

lE()Il(4E U. JANXEY, one of the pioneers
of California and Oregon of the times of
the gold excitement, was born in Hoone
county. ^lissouri, .August 9, 18;i2. His father,
Nathan Janney, was born in Loudoun county,
Virginia, in 1792, and went to Kentucky when
lie was a young man and there nuirried Miss
Elizab(>th Grimes, a native of Kentucky. They
moved to Moone county, Missouri, and from
there to nortliern Illinois, and then ho entered
the lead mines of Wisconsin. By occupation
he was a miner, but while he lived in Missouri
lie was elected Sheriff of his county.

After his removal to Wisconsin, our subject's
father entrajred in both farminrr and nuning,
and in that State !ie died in March, 1S55, at the
age of sixty-throe years, and his wife passed
away December 31, 1886, at the age of eighty
years. Our subject was the fifth child in a
family of eleven, and he left home to make his
own way when he was but nineteen years of
age. His idea was to seek his fortune in the
California gold beds, and he reached that State
in 1851, with just $1. His father had given
him enough to pay hi-^ fare there, but he was
forced to go to work at once in order to get
money for his support.

As long as lie remained in that neighborhood
he engaged in mining, and soon became quite
an expert. As a prospector, ho discovered tlie
richest mine that was ever discovered in Cali-
fornia, called the West Canon Mine, on July 4,
18.50, and that mine is being worked at the
present day. Having made considerable moiusy
out of his discovery, the news came that gold
had been discovered in Oregon, and he, being
filled with ambition, stai'ted for the gold fields
of Oregon. Landing in Oregon in 1862, he
remained in Portland one year, and in 1863
came to Haker county, wh(<i'e he has resided ever
since, and has been following the business of
mining, with the exception of a time when he
was connected with a flouring mill in Baker
City. He has made some very important dis-
coveries here. He it was who found the great
eighty ])er cent copper mine in Union county,
for which he sold his interest for .?2,000. lie
was one of a party who discovered the Excel-
sior mines in Baker county, which sold for §2,'j,-
000. The great mine here is said to bo the
largest mine in the world, and is estimated
at 830,000,000.

Mr. Janney was married October 10, 1887,
to Mai-y J. Howard, born in the State of
New \ ork, Xovember 27, 1838. She was the
third child of Ache! C. and Louisa Spencer,
7ice Dye, he a native of Vermont aiul she
of New York. For a time Mr. Spencer was a
teacher in New York, and was born in 1801,
while his wife was born in 1811. They had a
family of nine children. Mr. Spencer died at
the age of seventy-tive years, in 1870, and Mrs.
Spencer at the age of sixty-nine, in 1880. They
had come of Scotch and Irish parentage. The
mother of Mr. Janney had been a great-niece
of Aaron Burr.

The first marriage of our subject was to
Miss E. (t. Howard, and two children were the
residt of that union: Mamey, now the wife of
.Folin Loveland, and has one little four year old
girl, Maud; and Marion S. Howard, who now is
a young lady of eighteen years. In his business
Mr. Janney has been very successful. Reaching
California as we have related, with no moans, ho
has made of himself one of the moneyed men of
this section. He still keeps in the mining busi-
ness, having still some very good ones, which he
has partial or full claims upon. He owns a
very nice residence in the city, besides con-
siderable other property. He holds a half in-
terest in the Baker City Creamery and fJuld

1101

iiisronr of niiEGoy.

Stonijjc Coiiipiiny, lias tilled Sdiiio of tiio city
otHci's, and is now Superintendent of tlic Btreets
of the city. .Since 18(i7 lie 1ms lieen a nieinlicr
of the Masonic lodge, No. -17.

jNDKKW JACJKSON IIKSS, a iiativt, son
of Oregon, was born December 20, ISili,
on his father's donation claim, near the
town of Newberg. His father, .losepli lless,
was born in Arkansas, in the year iSlii, and
was of German ancestry, lie married Miss
Mary I... Riser, a native of Arkansas, born in
ISl-i, and in that State they were married.

In 1843 Mr. and Mrs. Ilesa crossed the
plains to Oregon with the first wagon train of
eniiijrants. He brouirjit with him his wife and
five children, two boys and three girls. They
made their owti roads, and as ihis was the first
wagon train that came all the way throngli, they
overcame many obstacles, and drove throngli
many places where one would have tliought no
wagon coald have been taken. "With ropes the
men held the wagons firm, and set their inge-
nuity to work to devise ways to get through.

When they arrived at the Dalles, they were
short of provisions, and Mr. Hess came on to
Oregon City, and got siijiplies, and went back
and helped the party into the valley. The
Risers struck out in the country to look for a
location, and they decided on Chehalem valley,
and here they settled among the Indians. Sid-
ney Smith, Gt'orge Nelson and Mr. Hess, all
settled there, and they had their choice of the
whole valley. When gold was discovered in
{'alifoi'nia he went there and remained a sum-
mer, and when lie returned to his family, he
was able to bring with him some gold. He
was always an industrious and enterprising man,
and was as brave as he was industrious. He
was engaged in the successful raising of stock,
and ill 18l)l he went to the Idaho mines. That
was a hard winter for stockmen, and they lost
500 head of cattle, and 300 head of horses.
They had not l)eeii in the habit of feeding the
stock in the winter, and the deep snow came,
and large nnnibers of the animals died all over
the valley.

Ill 1870 he went to (.'alifornia, and remained
there some time, but later went to Jackson
county, Oregon, where he was either killed liy
accident or murdered, it was said that he was
chopping on a tree with another man and

was hit with the other man's ax. His widow
survives and resides on the old donation claim
with three of her sons. They had a family of
thirteen children, si.\ daughters and seven sons,
all of whom are still alive and well. One re-
sides in Idaho, another in California, and the
p.'St in Oregon.

Mr. Hess, who is the subject of this sketch,
was the seventh child, was reared on a farm, and
attended the district school in the winter. At
the age of twenty years, December 13, 18()t5,
he married Miss liebecca, ^latilda Heater, born
ill Iowa, April 23, 1848, and was the daughter
of Lorenzo Dow Heater, a pioneer of 1854,
and a resident of Marion county. Mr. Hess'
father gave him 100 acres of land on which he
resided, and where he has since resided, two and
one-half miles northeast of Sherwood, in
Washington county. Mr. Hess improved his
land, did general farming, and by close at-
tention to business ho added to the farm 200
acres more. He is now making money raising
onions on his Heaver Dam land. lie and his
wife have had ten children, as follows: James
Walter, Thomas Marion, Joshua E, Mary, Eliza-
b"th: Emma S.. deceased, in her second year, of
diphtheria; Hiram Jackson, Nolly, Frelerick,
Laura and Alice.

Mr. Hess is a Democrat in politics, but he
declines to be a candidate for office, preferring
the quiet of his own affairs. He has been pre-
vailed upon, however, to serve his fellow-citi-
zens as Road SujiervLsor and School Director.
In addition to his home farm he has 100 acres
of land on the head-watera of Salmon river, in
east Oregon. He is a reliable and respected
citizen of the county in which ho was born and
has always resided.

^-^3-^^

fEOUGE H. IIIMES, a highly esteemed
1 Oregon pioneer of 1853. and a prominent
Jjjf. business man of Portland, was born in
Bradford county, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1844.
His ancestors on both sides were numbered
among the pilgrim fathers, and their descend-
ants have been foremost in emigration, down to
the emigration of Tyriis Ilimes and family to
the Pacific coast in 1853. Tyrus Himes, the
father of the subject of this sketch, was born
in Troy, I'radford loiinty, Pennsylvania, April
14, 1818. At this time Troy was little more

nisToitr Of'' oitiHGON.

lioft

200

tlian !i frontier settluineiit. and lis tlie sclmol
system had not liceii iiitniiliiced, his ediiuiitiori
was received at lionie, and was somewhat lim-
itod; his retentive memory and keen observa-
tion, however, enabled him to become well-
informed, and natnrally an ardent stndent, ho
became in later years an extensive reader. At
the aifo of fifteen years he was apprenticed to
learn the shoemakers' trade, and later became a
proficient harness-maker, tanner and currier.

On May 1, 184ii, he married Emeline llol-
comb, of Le Uoy, Bradford county, Pennsyl-
vania, where she was born December '2S, 1821.
The Ilolcomb family was distinguished among
the pilgrim settlers of Xew Enirland, where
they landed in 10i55. Air. and Mrs. 11 imes re-
sided in Le Roy until 1847, when they removed
La Fayette, Stark county, Illinois, where Air.
Ilimes engaged in the boot and shoe business,
in which lit continued until 1H53. A.t that
time, owing to impaired health aiul desiring a
change of climate, he and his wife and four
children started, with horse and ox teams, for
Monmouth, Polk county, Oregon, whither friends
from Monmouth, Illinois, had gone the previous
year. Hardships, loss of stock and scarcity of
provisions, howevei', compelled Mr. Ilimes and
family to accept the kind otBcesof James Uiles,
the leader of a train from Kentncky, with whom
ac(piaintance was made on tlie plains. Puget
sound was the destination of Air. Uiles. The
combined trains numbered thirty-six wagons and
seventy- five people, and in crossing the Xatchez
Pass, over an undeveloped trail, their progress
was slow and extremely difficult. However, all
things have an end, and after seven months' of
toilsome travel, amidst great danger from the
Indians, the train arriveil at Olympia, Washing-
ton. Air. Ilimes and family went to the house
of David Chambers, near Olympia, where Mr.
Ilimes' first occupation was digging potatoes on
shares. On November '.), 18o;J, Mr. Ilimes and
family settled on a donation claim of 320 acres,
located five miles east of Olympia. Here they
remained until September, 1855, when they
were driven, off by Indians. They then went
into a stockade fort, where they remained until
Ai)ril, 1857, when tliey returned to their farm,
where they continued to reside until Mr. Ilimes'
death, April 24, 1871). He had been a nnin of
iron constitution and a powerful will and deter-
mination, and in early manhood wai unusually
roliust and athletic, and endowed with great en-
durance; but, owing to an unfortunate accident

at the age of eighteen, which was followed by
a serious illness, his constitution was shattered
and he never recovered his formi^r hralth; but
with his uncon([nerable determination he was
able to accom[)lish the duties which fell to his
lot until he was summoned to his reward.

(ieorge II. Ilimes, the subject of this sketch,
was employed lintil ])ast seventeen years of age,
in rail makiiiir, wood cuttinif and the various
labors reijuired in clearing up land, teaming,
ditching, etc. He had few school privileges,
attending school only through the short winter
session, where only the primary studies were
taught. To secure even the: • educational ad-
vantages he was obliged towaii; two and a half
miles morning and evening to a little log school-
house. However, given a naturally active
intellect, with a strong determination, and there
are few things ic cannot accomplish. To his
little store of learning, secured at school, he in-
dustriously added by study and observation,
until he had accumulated a commendable
amount of useful information. The printing
business had always been of great interest to
him since his twelfth year, conseijuently the
day was a joyful one, when, on June 10, 1801,
he was permitted to enter the office of the
Standard, a newspaper published in Olympia,
Washington, where he went to learn the trade
of ])rinting. On finisliing his apprenticeship,
in 1864, he went to Portland, where ho was em-
ployed as a compositor on the Oregonian, where
he remained until June, 1805, when he began a
second apprenticeship at job printing, in the
office of William D. Carter. Here he remained
as an apprentice for one year, after which he
continued there as a journeyman until 1808.
He then purchased an interest in the business,
and in 1870, bo.ught the entire enter|)rise, con-
tinuing alone, under the name of " Ilimes, the
Printer." He now publishes the Oregon Clnirch-
mau, Fruits and Flowers of Oregon and Wash-
ington, and does general job printing. He has
been eminently successful in his business, which
he owes ei'^irely to his own persistent industry
and econc ay.

He wa-1 married in Salem on December 24,
ISOli, to Aliss Anna F. Uiggs, an intelligent and
amiable latly, and a daughter of Daniel L.
Iliggs, an esteemed Oregon pioneer of 1858,
whose ancestors settled in Newark, New Jersey,
in 1050. To this marriage have been born eleven
children, eight of whom now survive. Those
now living are: Edna Emeline, Sarah Myi'tle,

1106

nrsTonr of oiiegon.

•I!

Mary, (irawt Helen, Clivrsige Ilolcoinb, Mildred
Florence, Fay C'ele.-itial and Lnrali Marrfarct.

I'olitically, Air. Iliinus is a Uepnbliean, and
as a newspaper correspondent, has been very
aetive in public ait'airs.

Socially, lie is ciinnect(^d with several associa-
tions, liaving acted for many years as secrcttary
of the Oreifdi) Pioneer Association, of the Ore-
gon Iliunane Society, the V. ^I. O. A., and
other j)hilanthropic associations; snd is Treas-
urer of the Indian War Veterans of the North
Pacific coast.

The j)opnlarity and success which Mr. Iliines
enjoys is rightly deserved, having accumulated
a competence through his own endeavors and
secured the good-will of his t'ellow-men. by his
uniform courtesy and probity of character.

tEWIS KELSO, one of the old and reliable
mercliaiits, of In<lependence, is a native of
the State of Iowa, born April 15, 13;50.
lie is of Scotch ancestry, his grandfather, Henry
Kelso, haviuf^t eniigi'ated from Scotland to this
country, settling in Kentucky, where lie married
a French lady, reared his family, and died in
his eightieth year. Robert Kelso, the second
child of this family, was the father of our sub-
ject, and was born in Kentucky in 1801. He
was reared in Kentucky, and married there a
Miss .lane Mushe, a native of Virginia, born in
1807. After his marriage he removed to Illi-
nois, making the journey on horseback, with his
wife behind him on the same horse. They were
pioneers in Illinois, where they remained for
ten years, and tlien removed to Iowa, where
they engaged in farming for a nund)er of years.
In 1851 .^lr. Kelso went to California, and mined
in the mines of Idaho, meeting with good suc-
cess. In 1804 he returned to Iowa, and while
crossing the plains to reach that State, he passed
his son, who was making his way to the golden
West. Neither knew of the clos(' pro.xiniity of
the other. The father remained in Iowa until
his death, which occurred in 1867. He had
lost his wife in 1850, and they left a family of
eight children.

Our subject was the fourth child of this mar-
riage. In 1863 he went to Montana, but re-
turned in the fall, and the following year came
to Idaho, making the journey with ox teams.
That year the Indians were very hostile, hut he

escaped danger ami made a very pleasant journey.
Mr. Kolso teamed in Idaho two years, and then
purchased 1)20 acres of land near I'oise City, on
which he resided for three years. He then sold
it and purchased 160 acres at Middleton, and
resided on that for three years, also selling it,
in 1871. He then canu' to Oregon, and settled
at Cornelius, in Washington county, where he
opened a store ami engaged in merchandising
for seven years. He then sold out and came to
Independence November 1, 187!K Hero he
opened a general merchandise store, in North
Independence, and continued in business for
three years, and then came to South Independence
and opened a store at the corner of Main and C
streets, where he lias continued in business ever
since, ilis business was small at first, but as
he became known to the people his trade in-
creased and now he esijoys a thriving business,
and carries a fine stock of goods. He has gained
the confidence of the people with whom he does
business, and once he gains a customer he never
loses him. ^Ir. Kelso has invested his money
in city j)roperty, and has built a fine residence,
where he and his family reside.

Jlr. Kelso was married, in 1852, to Miss
Monah Slooper, a native of Ohio, born in 1835.
She was the daughter of Mr. Uavid Slooper,
who emigrated to Iowa with his family. Here
Mrs. Kelso resided until her marriage. Mr.
aiul Mrs. Kelso have had two children: Dora
Evaline, now Mrs. Jesse Wilks, I'esides in Fall
City; and Henry H. resides in Independence.
Ml'. Kelso has been a Democrat all his life, but
is not a politician in the sense of holding office.
He has, however, instructed himself in all the
dntias of all the county and State, both political
and educational, and served as Clerk of the
School Hoard for a number of years. He is a
meinlur of the I. O. O. F.. in both of its
branches, and is well spoken of in his city as a
thorough business man and a reliable citizen.

(BENEZER C. KEVT, an Oregon pioneer
(d' 1851, and one of Polk county's most
successful farmers, was born in New York
November 10, 1827, son of Gideon Keyt, a na-
tive of New Jersey. Their ancestors originated
in England. Three brothers of that name came
to America together. One was killed by the
Indians, on settled in Virginia and one in New

IIISTOIiy OF OHKnoS.

1107

Jer.'iey. From tlic lust named Mr. lu'yt is do-
Ri-ended. His yniiidfiitiuT I'oiight under W'usli-
iiic/ton in tlic llevolutionary war, and tiie family
liad to hide in the mountains from the red<'iiat8.
Ml'. Keyt's father married Margaret Connei. a
native of iiia own State, siie, too, being descended
from Enirlisli ancestors, who were early settlers
of America. The property owned by tiie Keyts
and Connets remained in their respective I'ain-
ilies for many years. Gideon and Margaret Keyt
liad six children, tliree of whom are living.
Ebenezor being the youngest child. When he
was six month.s olil they moved to Ohio, and
settled near where (Jleveland lias since been
i)uilt, and there he was reared, working hard on
the farm in summer and spending about thrw
montlis during the winter in the little log school-
house. Ilis father led an active and useful lil'e,
and died at the advanced age of ninety-nine
years, his mother having passed away some fif-
teen year.s before.

Mr. Keyt crossed the plains to California in
1850, and mined for a time on the American
rive"" near (Johjma. The following April, hav-
ing made just enough money to bring him to
Oregon, he (jams here and settled on a donation
claim of KiO acres of land in Polk county, lie
built a little houst* on it, 10 x 20 feet, and after
living there two years sold out. lie continued
in Folk county, working for wages, splitting
rails, making shingles, etc. In l!S72 he pur-
chased the 320 acres of land where he now re-
sides, and moved his iiouse to it. Hy honest
industry and good management he prospered
from the first, and as the years rolled by added
to his possessions, being now regarded as the
wealthiest man in this section of the country,
lie owns 3,000 acres of land, on which he raises
immense quantities of grain and has large herds
of stock, esjiecially sheej). Mr. Keyt is the
largest taxpayer in I'olk county. In all the
interests of his county he has taken an active
part. He aided in the organization of the
Grange, and was for some time its Overseer.
Previous to th*^ civil war he was a Democrat,
but since the organization of the Republican
|)arty he has been afliliate<l with it. lie has in-
terested himself in educational affairs and in the
making of good roads in this vicinity.

Mr. Keyt is a man of family, lie was mar-
ried, in 1853, tg Miss Susan Kemp, a native of
Missouri, who died in 1856, leaving one child,
Sarah Margaret, who is now the wife of (leorge
Myers, and lives in Polk county. Five years

after the dciith iif his first wife Air. Kcvt mar-
ried Mi>s AmiiiKla I'oty, u native of Illinois.
I''ollowinir are the names of their children:
I rancis. at home; I). L , mai'ricd ami engaged
in business at Perrydale; Nellie, wife of William
Townsend, lives near her parents; Henry (t., at
home; Edwin, residing in this vicinity; and Lena
and William, at home.

#.-J.^«

AMES MADISON KEENE. one of the
most prominent of the native sons of
Marion county, and one of Salem's ntost
able professional men, was born on French
prairie, October 20. 18(i4:. His father. David
M. Keeiie, deceased, was a wi<lely known and
eminently respected pioneer of the State, a iiLiin
of sterling principles and religious habits, and
possessing the strength of his moral convictions
to an unusual degree. He was a native of
liOudon comity, Tennessee, where he was born
•lanuary 15, 182."). He was ediicati^l in the
Ciiinberland Presbyterian Seminary, in his
native State, which faith he accepted. He
studied the jirofession of a civil engineer, in
which he became proficient. It was after com-
pleting his course in this school that he, in
Company with his brother, A. C. Keene, crossed,
in 1847, the plains to Fort Walla Walla, ex-
periencing the usual dangers and vicissitudes of
that long and tedious, and sometimes even
hazardous, journey. At Fort Walla Walla he
passed the night with Dr. Whitman, of historic
fame, and he there met I. N. (lilbcrt, another
early pioneer of Oregon, who, in company with
Mr. Keene, mounted Oayuse ponies and crossed
with him the Cascade mountains to the Wil-
lamette valley, where they arrived in Novem-
ber, 1847. Mr. Gilbert owned a farm on Salem
prairie, and there Mr. Keene passed the winter
splitting rails, subsequently teaching school at
Mill Creek bottom, whore, in 1849, he took u|)
a Government claim. This he worked until
1852, when he sold it, and removed to FVench
j)i'airie, where lie purchased a claim of 320
acres, enterijig it under the donation act. To
this purchase he .added, in later years, eighty
acres. He was married on Salem prairie, July
17, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth II. Campbell, a
native of Missouri, and a daughter of James
Campbell, an Oregon pioneer of 1840. After
this Mr. Keene pursued a ([uiet agricultural

:'Tiitl

1108

iTisTonr OF oitKaoN

life, uneventful aw to startlinif incidents, but
destined, like all such lives, to be ii jKiwer in
the eoniniunity; and, like most uneventful
lives, it was a truly liuj)py one. He was an
earnest missionary and minister of the ('um-
lierland Pn^shyterian faitii. and was the first to
oritanizo a cliurcli oi' that denomination in that
State, continuing lo work in its interest with
unabnted activity until his death. lie was in
j)olitic8 a Uepublican, and dui'inj^ the war was
a stronj^ I'nion num, but never aspired to office,
and declined every suggested noniiiuition. Ho
was, however, active at conventions, sec^king to
iiomiinite lionoraiile men. lie was quiet and
reserved in his habits, friendly with all cl: sses
and ail sects alike, no matter of what political
t)pinions, and his deatii was mourned, far ami
wide, by many ac(jiu\intance8 and friends, llis
wife died in Murcii, 18Sil. and he survived her
nntil March 27, 1S8U, leaving a bereaved family
of six children: Margaret A., now Mrs. (ieorge
W. I'ewtherer, of Polk county; .leiinie ^1. ;
Martha IJ.; Elmer L., a graduate of the State
University of Ohio, and a prominent civil
engineer of Columbus, that State; .lames M.
and Clarence W., now at the Oregon State
University, at Eugene.

Our subject, James Madison Keene, was edu-
cated at the Tualitin Academy, at Forest (Trove,
Oregon, and began, in the fall of 1885, the
study of dentistry with Dr. 0. K. Templeton,
of I'ortlaud. In September, 1^80, he went to
the Dental College at Piiiladel|ihia, Pennsylva-
nia, where ho graduated witli honor in the
spring of 1888. During the lirst year he was
president of the junior class, and the second
year was president of the Garrethonian Literary
Society, positions of distinction and honor.
The summer of 1888 was passed in a drug,
store at (iervais, while deciding upon a place of
settlement. Finally, selecting Salem as a de-
sirable location, he opened offices on the corner
of Court and Commei'cial streets, in October of
the same year, whei'e, by his satisfactory work-
manship and gentlemanly treatment, he has
btiilt n]) an extensive patronage.

During his vacation in the summer of 1887,
he and his friend, W. (J. Steel, of Portland,
and several other fearless climbers, coni^eived
the idea of illuminating Mount Ilood, the
highest peak of the JJocky mountains in Ore-
gon. This they successfully accomplished on
the evening of duly 4, by burning U|)on its
summit about 100 pounds of red lire; and again

successfully performed the same fout a year
later, on July 4, 1888, under the auspices of the
Oregon Alpine Club, but directed by Messrs.
Keeno ami Steel, both of whom are charter
members of the (dub.

The Do(rtor finds rela.vfttion from the confine-
ment of professional work, in the management
of the homestead farm of 400 acres, which is
owned, withoutdivision, by himself anil brother,
Clarence, they hiving purchased the interests of
the other heirs.

Of nnusmil medical acumen and practical
ability, trained in thi^ best institutions by the
finest masters, ho has easily attained success in
his calling, al'. of which he has supplemented
by what is to i often lacking in those of great
intelligence and ability, i. e., cordiality of man-
ner and i)oliteness of beariuji, to which latter
qualities, possessed in an extraordinary degree
by our subject, may be attributed much of his
success. — more, perhaps, than is due to his con-
ceded natural ability and superior training.

iNDPiEW JACK, a well-known farmer and
merchant of Washington county, Oregon,
dates his birth in Highland county, \'ir-
ginia, June 22, 1845. His fatlu^r, now residing
near him, was born in Virginia in 1819, and is
of old Virginia ancestry, and his mother, nee
Ilattie Nichols, also a native of Virginia, was
born in 1820, a descendant of early settlers of
that State. They had four children, as follows:
Andrew, Joseph, Calvin and liebecca. The
daughter is now Mrs. J. D. Howell, and resides
in Washington county. The Jack family crossed
the plains to Oregon with oxen, made the
journey safely in exactly five months, spent the
first winter at Portland and then came to Wash-
ington county, and purchased lands near where
they now reside. This worthy couple have been
ju'ospered, and own the ])lea6ant home in which
they are spending the evening of a ripe, old ago.
Their son, Andrew, the oldest child, was eight
years old when they left Virginia. They spent
five years in Iowa and five years in Nebraska,
and then came to Oregon. In the above named
States ho spent his youthful days on the farm
and attended the public schools. November 7,
1870, he married Miss Martha Jane Stewart,
daughter of Charles Stewart, of Hillsborough,
an Oregon pioneer of 1845. After their mar-

tiisroHY (.'!■ niKaoN.

IIUU

ii!*ka,

riiigo they livml u yeai' in Portland mid tlion
came to tlu'ir present locution, wIutu lie piir-
clmBCil forty niiren ( f liiml. ( )ii thin lie laliorcil
iiidiistrioiirtly, ami as |)ros|)erity attcTidcd IiIk
earnest etroi'ts. lie piirchuBeil otlicr adjoitiinj^
landrt. Ill 188(5 \\v started a (jeiicra! iiiercdian-
dise store, and has since coiidiu'teil both the
farm and store.

Nfr. and Mrs. .lack have had six children,
as follows: Calvin, now his father's assistant in
the store; William W., llattie .1., Annie U.,
Levi, and one who is deceased.

lie and his wife are inenihers of the Chris-
tian Chiircli at Fartninijton, he lieing a Deacon
and an active el iirch worker. A charter mem-
ber of the Farm'iigton Graiiire, he served as its
Chaplain and Steward, lie has served as a
Bchool oftieer for many years, and as such has
done nincli to advance edncatioiial interests in
Ins community. Politically, he is a ive|iiiblican.

^^^^

fAMES WESTLEY JONES, an Oregon
pioneer of 1850, and now a jiromiiKMit farm-
er residing near McMiniiville, was born
in Illinois, April 29, 182'.t. His father, Edward
Jones, was a native of the State of Tennessee
and of Scotch ancestry, who came to America
previous to the devolution. Edward Jones
married Miss Mary Lightle, a native of his own
State, and they had five children, of whom three
are now living. In 18411 tlie family removed
to Missouri, where our sutiject war. l.o. ght up
to manhooil. His father died ac.' '" mother
survived several years. They were upright
Christian people, members of the Presbyterian
denomination.

Their sons, James W., the youngest, and Al-
ston, when grown up, fitted out a wagon with
five yoke of oxen, crossed the plains to Califor-
nia, their Journey being a safe and prosperous
one. After arriving at Sacramento, they went
to the mines near Coloma, but in their opera-
tions there did not meet with flattering success.
For want of proper diet and on account of
otlier exposures, his brother was taken sick with
scurvy, and t\wj decided to come to Oregon,
where they could get some fresh vegetables. Ar-
riving at Oregon City, the brother finally re-
covered, under the care of a physciau, Dr.
Barkley. The brothers then went to Linn
county, and near Scio J. W. "took up" a half-

section of land, built a little cabin upon it,
••bached'' there five years, proved up on it, and
then returned to California and niiidea run over
that State to see the country.

In l8oij he retiirnd iind was married to Miss
Elizi> Catharine Phillips, a native of the State
of Xorth Carolina. Her parents, David mid
Sarah Phillips, came to Oregon in l85i{.

After he had resided on his farm for several
years he fold it, came to Polk county and pur-
chased 200 acres of land near Dixie, where he
mad" iinpr()\eineiits and resided live years; then
he sold out and in 1871) |)iircliased 1()5 acres of
land near McMinnville. on which he has since
resided. In 188!t he built on it a very nice
farm residence. He has made of the ])roperty
one (if the nicest farms in the county. He has
been a very industrious and paini'taking farmer,
and has been amply repaid in large yields of
grain, raising 5,000 to 0,000 bushels annually.

lie liasliad seven children, namely: David Ed-
ward, the eldest, is settled in Linn county, a
farmer; Sarah Ann has become Mrs. William
Newman, her hnsband is a farmer near La Fay-
ette; Ella married Mr. It. Aliilkey, who is a farm-
er near Bellevue; and (Jeorge and Franklin
are at home with their father. Mr. and Mrs.
Jones are members of the Christian Church. —
she from girlhood, and he for the past ten years.
Ill politics Mr. Jones is in sympathy with the
Democratic party, but he does not take an active
part in public affairs. He has given his undi-
vided attention to his farm, and by it has pros-
pered, and because of his iijiriglit life he enjoys
the respect of all who have ever known him.

ILLIAM J. JONES, an Oregon pio-
neer of 1847, and an Indian war veteran
of 1855-'56, was born in Indiana May
13, 1833. Of his life and ancestry we present
the following sketch:

The . I ones family originated in England and
some of them settled in America previous to the
IJevolntionarv war. His father, William Jones,
was born in Kentucky August 8, 1811, and his
mother, nee Mary Davis, daughter of Isaac
Davis, was born in Indiana. He is the oldest
of their eight children, six of whom are living.
In 1840 the faniily moved to Iowa, and seven
years later Mr. Jones brought his wife and six
children across the plains to Oregon. They

•uo

ntSTOHY OF OltKOOX.

hi-

HtiirtiMl ut n point Htnoti iiiilcs wost of niirliiig-
ton, IdWii, ill Aliiri'li, unci ul'ttT ii joiiniKV of six
inoiitlia laiuli'd in the ("lu'liulcin vftiley in Yam
Hill coiintv. Heir the fiitlit'i- took ii <lunHti()ii
cluim tlirt'K miles uinl ii iiall' nortii of wIiltc
Newlioi'i^ now t-tanclM. On it lie livod imd pnm-
[icreii tlio rest of liis days, and Iiltc, in 18U2, he
passed sway at the ripe <ild a^o of eighty-oiio
years.

The I'lihject of our sketeli roinaiiicd on tiie
farm, assitiiii; liis fntlier, until he reached liis
majority. lie then learned tluu'arpenters' trade,
and worked at tiiat for a nunilier of years. After
the death of liis mother, he inherited fifty aures
of iier donation claim. August 1(5, IHo!), ho
married Miss Klizaheth Siuiek, duugiiter of
Martin Sliuek, wjio came to Oregon in 1H')2.
After their mai'riage they settled on the farm,
and there resided eiifhteen yiy.wi, Mr. Jones
purchased a water-power and Iniilt a dam and
sawmill, and snb.sci|iiently a gristmill. After
riinnii]f5 the gristmill three years he sold it, Imt
the sawmill lit operated ten years. Since then
lie has retired from liusinees. lie, however,
does some millwright work, lie owns twenty
acres of land and the comfortable homo in which
he resides.

Mr. and Mrs. Jones have had thirteen oliil-
dren, namely; Charles Edward, Uohert Lee,
Martin J., Irene E. (who died in her twenty-
fifth year), Witlie 1"., Thomas 1'.., iSamnel T.,
David .*.., Anna M., Ellen, Jacob M., Isaac W.
and Maggie.

When the Indian war of 1855-'5G broke out,
he was one of the brave pioneers who tendered
their service to the Government to pix)tect the
•ettlei-s and ehastise the Indians, lie furnished
his o."" horse and outfit, and rendered valuable
service until the war elo8e<l, and he was honor-
ably discharged.

rolitically, Mr. Jones affiliates with the Denio-
cratie party. He and his wife are both consist-
ent members of-the Christian Church, and are
held in high esteem by a large circle of friends.

IS^ I. J X E S, a pioneer of 1853 to this
State, and a successful farmer of Yam
Hill county, was born in Missouri,
August ^1, 184:2. His father, Jefferson Jones,
was a native of Keiitiiiky, born in 1S23 and

married Miss Jano Ulack, a nafivjt of Virginia
and a de.>een(hint of one of the old families of
that State; and by this inarrir.gc there have been
five cliildr(Mi born in Missouri. In 185;! the
whole family emi'Tated to Oreiron, crossini; the
plains with oxen. (>f the children who came in
this emigration; Mary married Thomas Mc-
Kinley, and resides in eastern Oregon; Lydia
married Dr. N. Hudson and after some years
died; Sarali Jane married Melom Jetrerson,
and is also deceased; I'annie beciiine the wife
of William I'arkttr, and riwides in Jackson
county, this State; Alice Alvina became Mrs.
John McCord and is living in eastern Oregon;
one child died in the East; d the youngest,
William, was only three v old when they

started for the far West.

Upon his arrival in Ort^, ..o fatlier pur-
chased 320 acres of land, a mile south of Hetliel,
in I'olk county, and occupied it for twenty
years; then his good wife died, and lie sold the
farm and went to ilnckson county, and afterward
returned to I'olk county, and died at the house
of his daughter, Mrs. McCord. He was aipiiet,
industrious farmer, living an honest and honor-
able life.

Harry I. Jones, the youngest liiit ono of the
family, was eleven years of age when he came to
this State. He was brought up on the farm,
and when twenty-two years old married Miss
Jo8e|)hine Van Ibiskirk, a native of Ohio, and
a daughter of John Van Ibiskirk, who came to
this State as early as 1852, and died in 1882, and
his wife still survives, residiriif with the sub-
ject of this sketch.

Mr. Jones purchased a part of his father's
land, and after two years ho sold out and
bought a place in Yam Hill county, nine miles
southwest of McMinnville, an iinim|)roved tract
of 15!) acres, and on this pro]ierty he was a suc-
cessful farmer, adding to it from time to time by
jnircha.-e until he had 27!) acres. In 1889 he gave
this place to his sons and Iwiiglit l;i9 acres near
it, on which ho built a goo<l house and gave it
to his youngest son. He then purchased for
himself thirty-seven anil one-half acres near
Amity, which he is setting in fruit and other-
wise improving for his homo.

His five children are: R. O., who is in busi-
ness in Amity-. Weldon Martin, who is on the
farm; Lnella, at home; and Herbert licubeii, on
the farm. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are esteemed
membere of the I3aptist Church, in which socie-
ty he has been a faithful Deacon for aeveral

insTour oy oithuios.

nil

yi"iirn. Ill politics he \* n K('[)i]l)licnii. Mr.
Joiios Ims Ih'L'M u iiiiiii ever giviiij^ clu'C iittuii-
ficiii to his husintiSH, iiiiii tiy liononililf cllortaiKl
pi'i'sisteiit, iinlustry lie Iiuh iniKU; a siktchs nf lift',

yiN. .l()IIN[jKKLi.V.'j>iH! of the Or.'^c.n
pioneers of iS-t'J, was horn in Diihiin, Iro-
iaiui, May 15, im8, the non uf a prominent
manufacturer of woolen goods; hia aticestors
iiatl heen enj;at!;t'il for generations in tlie same
inijnstry, and lie icanu' very |iroticient in every
department ot IiIh futiier's tactory. In 1838
he i)ade farewell to the parental roof, to his
friends and luitive land, and crosted the sea to
America. IJe lived at llawkshnrfi;, Canada, for
two years, as superintendent of a small factory.
He removed to Swanton, Vermont, and in a
like capacity resided there until 1842. In that
year he^pusheil further westward, and located at
Waterford. Wisconsin, whore he anil (ieorj^e llo-
vey cstahlished the Waterford Woolen Mills. At
the (Mill of five years he disposed of his interest,
and went to St. Louis; in this city he enlisted
tor service in the Mexican war, joiniiiif the
Third Uegiment Missouri Mounted Volunteers.
His chief <lnty was scouting, and after a short
jieriod he was honorahly discharged at Jefferson
barracks, Missouri, but was retained in the
Quarternnister's Department. In the spring of
184U he crossed the plains to ( )reij;on with the
regiment of mounted riflemen, arriving at Ore-
gon City in October of thesaineyear. His first
business enter|)rise was taking a contract to fur-
nish the regiment with beef, wiiich he did until
March, 1850. Then forming a partnership with
three gentlemen, among them (leneral Lane, ho
purchased a band of 300 cattle, and drove to
lioguc river valley; hero the (icnoral made a
treaty with the Indians, and after this they con-
tinued their journey to Tehama county, Cali-
fornia, where they passed the winter in mining
on Olney creek. Ihcy drove the cattle to Scott
valley in the spring of 1851, and established a
ranch, but Mi. Kelly sold his interest, and re-
turned to Oregon. He purchasetl 200 head of
cattle, took np a donation claim near Kosohurg,
and engaged in farming and stock-raising.

Mr. Kelly was married in La Fayette, Ore-
gon, in 1853, to Miss Elizabeth I'arker, a native
of Indiana, and a daughter of P. C. I'arker,
who was a soldier in the Mexican war.

Ill iHfil lio was aj)j)ointed llcgistor of the
United jStutcs Land Otiice, at Itosebnrg, and
lillcil the position until 1811(1, when he rcBigned.
He performed the dntirs through a ileputy,
howcM-r, unlil 18(i8, when his suci'osoi was ap-
pointed. He removed to S|)ringlield in 1800.
and bought an interest in the Sjiringlield Manu-
facturing Coin|)any; he diejioseil of his Uose-
burg property, and was elected superintendent
of the company's works at Springfield, a posi-
tion he tilled unlil 1870, when the tirm dis-
solved aii<l the property divided. Mr. Kelly
took as his share 240 acres, and engaged in
farming until ls70. He was then appointed
Collector of Chistoms, when he removeil to
Portland. He tilled the ottico four years, at the
ond of which time he returned to Springfield,
resuming the iiursuit of ain-iculture. Under
the administration of President Arthur he was
appointed one of the three commissioners to
accept 100 miles of the Morthern Pacific rail-
road, and in 1800, was appointed Superintend-
ent of Census of ( Iregon.

He is now the owner of 100 acres near S])ring-
tiehl, 500 acres on Fall creek, and 000 acres in
the Mohawk valley.

Mr. and ^Irs. Kelly are the parents of eight
children: Mary L., wife of H. H. Miller;
Theresa M., widow of L. (i. Jackson; John F. ;
Marcella. wifeof Albert H. Tanner; Abraham L.;
(ieorgc II.; Iiessii> and Katie S. Mr. Kelly is
a member of the I. O. O. I"'., and in both busi-
ness and social circles has the highest respect of
all who know him.

*' i — 3' ^ ■ { '■L-^'^ — :•-

fRAXK P.. JOLLY, attorney-at-law, 149
First street, Portland, Oregon, is a native
of Washington county, this State, born
.Vugust 31, 1850, on the donation claim settled
by his father in 1847. Of his life and ancestry
we make the following brief record:

As early as 1775 s<ime of Mr. Jolly's ances-
tors settled in Ohio, where they suffered many
of the hardships incident to pioneer life, several
members of the family being massacred by the
Indiana. William Jolly, the grandfather of
Frank P., was taken prisoner at the age of ten
years, ana for seven years lived with the Chero-
kee tribe, at the end of which time he was re-
leased and returned to Ohio. The parents of
our subject, William and Elizabeth Jane (Strong)

1113

HIsrOHY Oh' OHEOOif.

ill.

Jolly, were! married in \V:ii'rcri county, Indiana,
January 1, 18;!5, Mr. Jolly at iliat time beinj; a
clergyman in the Cnmberland Presbyterian
Cluircli. In 184-7, accompanied liy the family
of lii;* brother-in-law, Isaac liarrell, they cro.sscd
the plains to Oregon, driving o.\ teams. The
train with which they traveled numbered about
seventy wagons. Arrivinir at the Dalles, they
built rfat- boats and came down the river, land-
ing oji|H)site Vancouver. Mr. Jolly then set-
tle<l a donation claim of 640 acres in Washing-
ton c'o\inty, and still lives on a part of the old
liomestead, haviiij^ passed his life in agricultural
pursuits and brought his fa:;n U|i to a high state
of <leveloj)nient. Of their ten children si.x are
still living, Frank B. beino; the youngest.

The subject of our sketch was educated at
Iliilsbo-ough and Forest (irove. In December,
1878, he entered the otlice of Thomas II.
Tongue, of Hillsborough, and began the study of
law, ivliich he contin\u'd until 1^80. lie then
came to Portland and uiul-r the instructions of
Ed Mandenhall continued his legal studies, being
admitted to jiractice October 9, 1882, and at that
time for.idng a copartnership with Mr. ilenden-
liall, whii h firm conducted business until March
1, 188U. Since then Mr. Jolly 'las been alone,
still occupying the same office at 149 First
street.

He was married in Clackamas county, in 1879,
to Miss l.illie A. Short, a native of Oregon and
a daughter of Hon. K. V. Short, an Oregon
pioneer of 1847. They have two children: Lil-
liss Pauline and llessie Florine.

Mr. Jolly's law library numbers upward of
200 volumes. He is devoted to his profession,
and is not active in politics or fraternal societies.

Hl'dENF IvEINT.EN, proprietor of tlie
(irant's Pass Brewery, was horn in Alsace,
(ieiinany, December 2(), 18."jO. Here ho
was reared to manhood. On his arrival in
America he spent a few months in Xew York,
and then located at St. Paul, Miimesota, where
lie resided some nineteen years.

He was aiarried in tiiat city to Mary Keinlen,
of (iermany. In 1884 he came to Oregon, but
after a short stay he went lo San Francisco,
where he stayed for a tiine, but subsequently
returned to Oi'egon, and settled in Jackson
county. For the past live years he has been a

refiident of .lones" creek, where he has been en-
gaged in farming. He purchased his presi^nt
business and took charge in August, 1891. His
trade is principally a local one. and he has a
fair trade, besides a large retail trade at the
brewery.

Mr. Keinlen and wife are sturdy, honest
German people, and are highly respected by
their counti'ymen and fellow-citizens.

^•

■•^

ALLACE II. LEE, A, M., Professor of
Ancient and Modern Languages in the
Albany Collegiate Institute, Albany,
Oregon, has been a prominent factor in advan-
cing the best interests of this city, and it is
eminently fitting that biographical men .ion
should be made of him in this work.

Professor Lee was born in Brooklyn, New
York, in 1801. His paternal ance.' , the Rev.
John Lee, a minister in England before the
restoration of Charles II. came to America in
1062, and settled at (luilford, ('onnecticut. His
descendants have been prominently connected
with the Presbyterian Church. The father of
our subject. Rev. William B. Lee, was born in
Madison, Connecticut, in 1828. lie was edu-
cated for the ministry, and for many years was
pastor of the Genevan Presbyterian Church, of
Brooklyn. His wife, Fvlizabeth Payson (Howe)
Lee, was a native of Portland, Maine. Her
grandsires were Puritatis and prominent n\M\ in
the settlement of New England. After the re-
tirement of Rev. William B. Leo from his
pastorate in Brooklyn, he removed with his
family to Portland, (.)regon, and is now a resi-
dent of !Mt. Tabor. He is nowsi.xty-four years
of age, is living retired, and is enjoying the
rest that shonld follow years of useful activity.
He and his worthy compaidon have had eight
children, seven oi' A'hom lived to maturity. Two
of these have followed in the foot-steps of their
liom)rcd father, and are occnj)ying useful posi-
tions in the Tiiinistry: Uev. E. T. Lee being lo-
cated at Pueblo, Colorado, and Rev. George II.
Lee bei.ig pastor of the Congregational Church
at Seattle, Washington. The forMicr came to
Oregon in 188:i, and, as pastor, establishcii tlni
('alvary Presbyterian Church of Portland,

Wallace H. completed his classical studies at
William's College, Williamstown, Massachu-
setts, and grnduatcd in 188;!. He then com-

BISTORT or OREGON.

1113

iiienced tfochiiip' in tlio High School at Middle-
town, Comiccticut, as I'rofessor of English and
American literature. During his sunimer va-
cation in 188(5 he came to Portland, Oregon, to
visit his parents, and while in that city met Mr.
William Wadhams, a gentleman prominent in
the Preshyterian Church, and throngh liini was
induced to resign his position at Middletcwn
(which was accomplished with gro if^ciilty)
and accept his present position v.\ t!ie 'jluHfty
Collegiate Institute, which is under th.H Joniina
tion of the Presbyterian Church. At this writ-
ing, 1892, he is completing his ei.xth year as a
professor in this institution.

ProfoRsor JiCe was married in Albany, Ore-
gon, in 1887, to Miss Elizabetii Fortniiller, a
native of Newark, Xew York. They have three
children: Kate Elizabeth, Edward Howe and
Hertha Fortmiller.

The Professor is an active member of the
First Presbyterian Church of Albany, in which
he fills the positions of Organist and Ruling
Elder. It was largely through his instrumen-
tality that the church was raised from a Home
Mission Board to bo self-supporting, lie was
the organizer of the \ . M. ('. A. of Albany,
and was elected its first president, which office
he lil'ed for several years. He is still active in
promoting the best interests of the organization.

-^"^■•^

fACOB KOOP. an Oregon pioneer of 1852,
now residii'o on his donation claim in
("lackamr.f .:unnty, was born in Dauphin
county, PoniiLylvania, March U, 1817. He i.s
of German ancestry. The progenitor of the
Iioop family in America came from Germany
and settlad in Pennsylvania. His name was
John Roop. He had a brother who was killed
in the war of 1812. ( )ur subject's father,
Christian Roop, was liorn in New Ilarrisburg,
Pennsylvania, and he and his wife, whose maiden
!iame was Ann Hrubaker, and who was a native
of Halifax, Penn.sylvania, had a family of twelve
children, of whom only three are now living.
The mother died, at the age of fifty-nine years,
and the father passed a'.v«y, at the ago of sixty.
Jacob Roop was the third born in his father's
family, and when he was twelve years old re-
moved with his parents to Toledo, Ohio, where
they remained seven years. Their next move

was to a point about sixty miles east of Chicago.
P'roni there they moved to Indiana, where the
father died.

December 25, 184:i5, Mr. Iion|i married Miss
Seville Groves, who was born August 10, 1821.
Their union resulteil in the l)irtii of three chil-
dren, as follows; John, who resides in Snake
River country, in Idaho; Frances, wife of Oscar
Stnrgis, lives in Clackamas county; &m\ Lonson
Monson, who received injuries while a soldier
in the Union army, from the effects of which he
died in Oregon, IJecember 17, 181)9. Mrs. Roop
died April iJ, 1848. On the 24th of August,
1848, be married Miss Jane Young, and their
only child, C. Y. Roop, was born August 23,
1850. His second wire died < tctober IJi, 1851.

In ISoS, with his three brothers, the subject
of our sketch crossed the jilains to Oregon, com-
ing direct to Clackamas county. Here he took
up the donation claim on which he has since
lived and prospered. His brothers took claims
near him. After living alone for some years he
was married July 13, 18(12, to Mrs. Rachel
Powell, a widow with five children. She was
born April 14, 1819, and died December 24,
1890. Thus Mr. Roop was a third time be-
reaved of a loving companion. lie has live
grandchildren, one of whom, Mrs. Emily Killin,
is now his housekeeper.

He has been a hardworking man all his life,
and his honest industry has been rewarded with
success. He has developed a fine farm, being
now the owner of 240 acres of choice land, a
portion of it being devoted to horticultural pur-
poses. Mr. Roop was reared a Metiiodist, but
since coming to Oregon has not belonged to any
church. He affiliates with the Republican j)arty.

;ILLIAM KANE, a highly respected
' citizen of Forest Grove, came to Cali-
fornia i n 1850, arriving in Oregon the
following year. He is a native of the Empire
State, having been born in New York on March
13, 1828. His father, John Kane, was a native
of Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, and married
Miss Elizabeth Sailor, a native of New York.
They had three children, our subject beiiig the
youngest. When but two years of age, the sub-
ject of our :;!fetch luul the misfortune to lose his
mother, in 1830, and lie was reared in Niagara
county, New York, later removing to lUitiois,

1114

HISTORY OF OREGON.

wliere he reiiuiiiiod for six years. He iittemlefl
tlie public schools BOine tiiiriiig liis youth, liut
experience was his principal instructor. From
Illinois he nMuoveil tu Aluscutinc, Iowa, and
here learned the earpenters" trade. lie re-
Hiained there for a couple of years, then remov-
ing to Chicago, where lie worked until 184U, at
which time he refurued to Iowa, and the follow-
ing year, January 15. I80O, started for Califor-
nia. He went via Mexico, and on arriving at
the mines on Yulia river, he worked there unril
the 1st of August, but this not proving as re-
munerative af. he desired, he embarked on the
steamer, California, for ( )regon. Arriviiur ut
his destination, he worked for a couple of years
in St. Helen, being employed at his trade and
in ttperatiug a sawmill. In 1852 he removed
to Washington county, where he bought l.")0
acres of uncultivated land on Cornelius prairie,
and built the cubtoniary cabin of the pioneer,
and resided on the place for fifteen years, im-
proving it with good, substantial buildings,
which re])laee(l his unpretentious cabin, and cul-
tivated the land, thus rendering it a very valu-
able farm, which he still owns.

August 19, 187i3, he came to Forest Grove,
where he jiurchased block lA. on which he has
built several good residences, including a hand-
some home for himself, where he now resides.

Mr. Kane has superintended the construction of
some (if the best buildintjs in the State, amonc
which may be mentioned the first courthouse in
Washington C(Minty, built in 1852; besides many
of the best residences of the town and surround-
ing country, which are evidences of his honest
workmanship. He has also dealt in real estate
consideralily, on his own account, in which ho
has been very successful, and has accumulated
by various honorable means a competency for
his later years. He holds stock in some of the
best-paying enterprises of the city, viz.: the
Canning Company and the Electric Light Com-
pany.

On September 25, 1750, he married Miss
Sidna V. (\)rneliu8, a native of Missouri, who
accompaiiiod her parents to Oregon in 1845.
Her parents, on coming to this State, located
on land in AVashington county, where her father
died in 180(5, her mother surviving until 1881,

Mr. and Mrs. Kane have had six children;
Visa M., wife of C. II. Coary. residing in Ta
conui, Washington; iJessie A., wife of .John
Kibbio, residing at Mount Tabor; their son,
Julian M.jdied in the twenty-third year of his

age, nil intelligent and most promising young
man, deeply lamented by all who knew him;
Frank T., is a clerk in the Forest (irove Bank;
Fred 1). is attending the J'acitic Fniversity;
while Flmma J. died, aged four and a half years.

At the time of the outbreak of th(> Yakima
Indian war, in 1855, Mr, Kane heroically vol-
unteered his services, furnished his own horse
and e(juipments, and became a member of Com-
pany I), Washington County Volunteers. He
sewed in the first expedition in Yakima county,
and was later employed on the Government
posts, serving for a year in all.

When a young man he cast his first presi-
dential vote for Stephen A. Douglas. Later
he became a Uepublican, and at the time of the
war was a strong Union man.

Mrs. Kane is a member of the Conifreija-
tional Church, being actively engaged in pro-
moting its interests.

As citizens and pioneers he and his wife are
looked up to and respected, because of their
intrinsic worth an<l many deserving qualities of
heart and mind.

fACOM K.\MM, a characteristically progress-
ive citizen of I'oi'tland, and a typical pio-
neer of Oregon, was born in Switzerland on
December 12, 1823. AVheii se\en years of age,
he came with his jiarents to the United States,
and spent part of his young life in several of
the Western States, receiving his education in
Illinois, and in St. Louis, Missouri, When
twelve years of age he began life on his own
account, being engaged in steamboating on
western waters. Jle became an ex])ert engi-
neer and steamboat man, and in time became
the owner of his own boat, thi> Ballahoochio,
which he ran night and day, until ho lost his
health, in conseijiience of which he went to Cali-
fornia in 184:9, spending the whole of 1849 and
1850 in San Francisco and Sacramento. After
lartiallv recovering his health, he came to Port-
land, wliere he was engaged in setting up the ma-
chin<'ry in the Lot Whitcome, which was the first
steamer built on this coast, lie ran her as
cl.ief engineer until she was taken to ('alifomiu.
lie then built the first stern-wheel steamer
ever constructed here, called the Jennie Clark.
Captain .1, C. Angel was interested in her, and
Mr. Kamm ran hor about four yeare, lie thou

'J'^f-i-S^"

HISTORY OF OliKOoy.

II 15

bccaiiip chief engineer of tlio Oregon Steam
Navigation Company. This company was or-
ganized in lSf};{, aftci-Wiird selling out to tlu^
Oregon Railway «fc Navigation Company, and
later still was 'leased by the Utah it Oregon
Short Line. Mr. Kanim is no longer connecti^l
with any oC these organizations, hnt has turned
his attention more to the local interests of the
city. He is a stockholder in several of the city
hanks, and was one of the organizers of theliank
of California and the Western Oregon National
Bank, and also of the First National iBank of
Astoria. Some time in the 'GOs, he bought at
a nominal price, eleven acres of land in Portland,
which has since become much enhanced in
value. At one time he was the owner of the
propeller, George S. Wright, which made regular
trips to the Sound, Victoria and Sitka. He has
master, chief enginec: and pilot papers, and
was master of his own vessel. He has built
one of the best-designed and most valuable busi-
ness blocks i' I'ortland.

He was n 3d, in 1869, to Miss Caroline A.
Gray, a native ■=* ' <regon, anil a daughter of the
celebrated pion. r, 1 »r. Willimn II. (iray. who
was a native of Fairfield, N v Vork, whore he
was born ou Se|)tember b, 180''. He came lo
Oregon in 1830, in company v '\ |)r. Man-
Whitman and wife, and Dr. U. 11. Spauldingand
wife. He came as secular agent for the mission.
Their trip was fraught with many trial- and
dangers, but they finally rt^ached, on Se|iteinher
S, 18U(5, in safety, what is now Willapii Wash-
ington. In 1838 he returned to the East, where
ho was married to Miss Mary A. Dix, a native
of New York. She had decided to devote her
life to missionary work. They immediatel'
started for this coast, and located at who' ,1
now Topwai. Idaho, where their oldest soti, ia-
Senator .1. II. I), (xray, was born. He was the
second white male child born in the territory,
now known as Washington, Idaho, Montana and
Oregon. Mrs. Gray commenced her missionary
work of teaching Indian children, nnder the
limbs of a wide-spreading pine tree, and later
in their log house with a |)nncheon floor. They
removed to Salem, Oregon, in 1842; later, in
1844, moved to ( )regon City, and in 184ti moved
to Clatsop plains, and were almost constant
residents of Astoria, until the time of Mr.
Gray's death, which occnrred at the home of his
son-in-law, Mr. Kamm. in I'ortland, on Novem-
ber 14, 188'.l. The history of his life is one of
great interest. Ho was present at the hirtli of

popnlar sovereignty on this Coast, and was one
of the leaders of the Provisional (iovernment for
this Territory in 1844. He was one of the most
important factors in the upbuilding of thisgreat
commonwealth, and a person of large heart and
brain, whose best efforts were for the people of
this Territory. He was the author of (jray's
History of Oregon, a hook of great interest, on
account t>f its full statement of the events that
transpired in Oregon, from its first settlement
until the year of 1849. His wife was born in
New York on July 2, 1810, and, as previo\isly
stated, came to Oregon, in 1838, to tea'h the
gospel of salvation to the heathen in thi iar off
and inaccessible land, and here she lalioi ! at
her life-work for forty-three years, nnt' ho
sank peacefully to rest, on December ^. 1^>1,
eight years previous to the death of her iius-
band. She had grown old gracefully, time seem-
ing to lay its haiul gently on her brow, only to
add the lines of kindness and patience, worn by
the experiences of her daily life, and to stamp
indelibly on her manner the outward form of
th •■ in ■ ard spirt of Christianity, which g .'rued
brr liti'. The surviving childr 11 of these iiighly
e.^teemed pioneers are Captain J . H. D.
of Astoria; Airs. Tarhell, of Tacoma
Aberuethy; Captain W. P. Gray, of
Washington; A. W. (iray; Captain J. T,
I'' Vancouver, Washington, and Mrs.
Kiimm.

Mr. and Mrs. Kamm have one son, Charles
T., who is married to Miss Fannie Walk, and
they have three children, all born in Portland.

Caj)tain Kamm is in politics a Republican,
and during the late war was a strong Union man,
but has not since given particular attention to
politics, and is what may he termed independent.
lie is a Royal .Vrch ilason, of which fraternity
he is a respected member. He has worthily
Won the regard of his fellow-men, by his \ip-
rightness and cordiality of treatment, avid >t-
tracted to his side a numerous retinue of arin
personal friends.

'UOAIAS IIOLMAN, a prominent and in-
fluential ''itizen of Salem, Oregon, is a na-
tive of Devonshire, England, where he
was born in 184U. His father, John Holnian,
was a well-known mannfaiaurer of threshing
machines ivnd farming impluiuents in England.

Gray,
Mrs,
Pa'^co,
Gray,
Jacob

v! ;

UKi

msTOHY OF OREGON.

I 1
'I I

'Hi

Dosct'iiiling from a family of I'liiiiiont lucclianics,
if was must natural that our subject's mind
sliuuid havu been jiredisposed in the same direc-
tion. Accordin}j;ly, as soon as he was old
enough, he entered his father's shop, and, later,
at the age of Iburtoeii, he was sent to Cardiff,
Wales, where, in the large car-buildiiig numu-
faetory of the Taft'vale Kailroad Company, he
continued his studies, learning the process of
woodworking and pattern-making, remaining
there for four years, in 18()7 he returned to
England, where, in Epsom, he followed car])enter
work in house building until 1871, when he
I'nigrated to Toronto, Canada. There he found
occupation in the naniilt(;n Car Shops, as pat-
terti-m.^ker and car-builder, remaining there un-
til the fall of 1873, when ho crossed to the
I'nited States, and made his way to Salem, Ore-
gon, where an unele, Joseph Ilolman, a pioneer
of 184:<t, then resided. Here our subject found
employment as pattern-maker in the Salem Iron
Works, which he followed until 1881, then en-
ifaffinir in the manufacture of fanninir-milis atid
grain cleaners, after patterns of his own inven-
tion. His factory wat located ou the corner of
Trade and High streets. At this time lie pur-
chased an interest in the water-power, and other
property. In ISSti he started the first electric
light ])lant of Salem, locating the works in the
basement of his Hue brick factory. He com-
menced with one arc-light dynamo, of thirty-
light capacity, and as this means of lighting be-
came more popular, he increased his eiipncity,
until he now has four arc-light machine.-, cif like
capacity, besides one incandescent machine with
a capacity of 750 lights, to all of which he is
about adding a second machine. His system
covers the entire city in street lighting, and is
used in hotels and offices in the business portion.

In 1880 Mr. Ilolman was nominated and
elected to the office of Councilman, by the lie-
publican j)arty, seiving in that capacity with
such ability that he was twice again elected to
the same position, in 1K82 nn<l 1884, and was
then forced to decline further nomination, as the
duties detracted too much from his jn'ivate af-
fairs. This alone is sufficient jiroof of his fidel-
ity and integrity, as well as intelligence and
executive ability.

He is a member of Olive Lodge, No. 18, I.
O. O. F., in which he takes a prominent part.

Of superior powers of conception, which nave
been trained, and l)y some of the best workmen
of the old World, he now is, after so many years

of practical e.xperieuce, wonderfully expert in
the various departments of his business; to all
of which maybe attributed his phenomenal suc-
cess, for exactness is the necessary attribute of
all knowledge, all else being mere hypothesis or
guess-work.

ilSS (JERTKl'DE HOLMES, founder
and proprietor of Holmes Business Col-
lege, Portland, Oregon, is a native of
this State, though a descendant of the I'uritans
of New PJngland; her more immediate ancestors
settled in Vermont, and became honored and
distinguished citizens: V^ice-l'resident William
Wheeler descended from the same lino.

With the gol-l excitement of 1840, Harris
Ilolmeb, fatiier of (iertriide Holmes, emigrated
to California, and was engaged in mining for
several years. He afterward returned to Ver-
moiit, au'l was there married to Miss Mary
Wheeler; he returned to the I'acif; : coast with
his bride, and they made a permanent eettlc-
inent in Oregon. Mr. Holmes embarked in
mercantile pursuits, and also established the
Peoria Lime Comj)auy, continuing the two en-
terprises until 1859; then, oi. accouTit of failing
health, brought on by exposure and the many
hardships of pioneer life, he returned to New
York, and settled near Kochester, where ho
])as8ed the remaining years of his existence in
this body. Mrs. Holmes returned with her
young family to Portland in 1870, and is still
a resident of the city.

The elementary education of Gertrude Holmes
was secured at the schools near Kochester; upon
her return to Oregon she spent two years in the
Willamette I'niversity at Salem, and again visit-
ing .New York she attended the State Normal
School at lirockport, and was grailuated from
the .NonuHl School at Oswego in 18S4. Having
give particular attention to the study of short-
hand and tyjio-writing. she was em|)loyed (me
year in teaching in the ('hatt'ee Phonographic
Institute at Oswego. In 1885 slie returned to
Portland, with a view of opening a shorthand
^-ihool, as no such institution had then been
established in the city. Taking I'ooms with the
Portland Businrss College, she ojieneif a dcjiart-
ment of shorthand and type-writing; soon there
were forty pupils enrolled. She continued with
this school until the spring of 1887, when she

warn

IIISrOHT OF OREGON.

1117

withdrew and established the IJolmes J'usiness
Colleife; she began her first session in July, of
that year, with an attendance of forty-five pupils.
The prime object in opening this school was to
give thorough instruction in shorthand and type-
writing, but to kcej) abreast of the times, and to
afford her pupils a complete business education,
Miss Holmes has since added commercial, En-
glish and penmanship departments. The school
has so grown in favor and popularity that there
is an average of 175 pupils. The faculty is com-
posed of teachers of wide experience, and they
are retained, not only for their aliility, but for
their general culture and moral traits of char-
acter. The school has become an established
institution of the State, and Miss Holmes richly
deserves the success which has attended her
earnest and praiseworthy efforts.

JOBKUT W. LANCEFIELD, a prosperous
farmer of Yam Hill county, is a native son
of Ort^gon, having been born on his present
farm, which was hi^ father's donation claim, on
July 28, ISoi. This place is now one of the
best farms in the county, and is located a mile
and a quarter northwest of Amity. He is of
English ancestry, and his father, Robert J.
Laucefield, was born in Kent, Kent county, En-
gland, March 2, 1817. When a young man, he
emigrated to Caiiada, and thence, in 184(5,
moved to Oregon, going via the plains, overland,
and proceeding directly to Yam Hill county.
Here he gave a squatter a yoke of oxen for his
claim. In 1850 he married Mrs. Sarah Malkey,
and they had two children: Mary E., now the
wife of Mr. Frank Cook, residing on lands her
father purchased; and the subject of our sketch.
The father was an extremely enterprising and
prosperous farmer, and from time to time added
to his original claim, nntil it included 1,100
acres of as choice .farming lands as was to be
found in the county. This he greatly improved
by industriously cultivating the soil and the
erection of substantial buildings. He planted
an excellent orchard, which yields an abundance
of the very best fruit. His wife died in 1885,
and in December, 1891, he also expired, in the
seventy-third year of his age, after an eminently
prosperous and successful life. In addition to
his farming interests, he was in the mercantile
business in Annty, from 1871 to 1874, !>t which
70

time his son, the subject of our sketch, became
interested in the business, and continued it until
1879, when ho sold out advantageously. In
1881, however, he again engaged in business in
Amity, and continued in it until 1887, after
which he returned to his farm, on which he now
resides.

The subject of our slw^tch was educated in
the district school, after which he graduated
from the I'ortland Business College, in 1871-'72.

He now has in the old homestead farm, 833
acres of choice agricultural land, for which Yam
Hill county is noted. Besides this he also owns
a farm near Sheridan, consisting of 400 acres,
and another farm, the Buffum donation claim,
of 647 acres, making in all aboiit 2,000 acres.
Besides this he owns considerable city property
in Portland. All of this he has purchased
himself, aside frotn the home tract, and is prob-
ably the largest individual land-owner in the
county, and perhaps, in the State.

Mr. Lancefield was married August 9, 1874,
to Miss Sarah J. Madox, a native of Missouri,
and a daughter of Mr. George Madox, an es-
teemed citizen of Amity. They have seven
children, all of whom were born in Yam Hill
county, and all living at home with their par-
ents, viz.: Alda P., Victor S., Jessie, Lloyd,
Willie R., Georgia C. and Hilda M. They are
all intelligent young Americans, and reflect
credit on tlie county and State of their nativity.

Mr. and Mrs. Lancefield are worthy members
of the Christian Clnircb, to the support of which
they liberally contribute.

If Mr. Lancefield has reason to be proud of
his State, one of the grandest of the sisterhood,
she certaitdy can boast a most promising son,
who is devoted to her interest, and would die in
her cause.

^■

'■^^

L. LAMB, manager of the Albany branch
of the Mitchell, Lewis »& Staver Coni-
.i3pB'» pany, of Portland, Oregon, was born on
Cape Horn' mountain, Washington, in 1865.

His father, Henry Lamb, a native of Vir-
ginia, removed to Ohio in early manhood, and
was married in Dayton, that State, in 1858, to
Miss Lavena Hopkins. He was engaged in
fanning there until 1802, when he came to Ore-
gon, making the journiiy overland. There were
about 150 wagoiia in !;he train, mid he watj

1118

nisTonr of ohegun.

elected captain of tlu' company. Tlirougli tlio
Indian country tliey were Cfcortcd by a coni-
panv of llnitt'(l States cavalry, coinnianiled by
Captain ("rawtord. Mr. I.ainb came in l)y the
Colnmbia riviM', first located at ('ti])c Horn, and
snbse(iuently removed to CMacl\anni8 county,
wliere lie lias a t'arin of 'iOO acres, on wliicli lie
is still liviiifj. lie is now eighty-two years of
age.

His mother dying, the subject of our sketch
was taken when an infant and reared by Thomas
Mncknian, a farmer of C'lackanias county. In
1885, at the age of twenty, he engaged with his
brother Henry, in the dairy business at Sauvais
island, and remained there one year. He then
sold out and took a course in the Portland Busi-
ness College, after which he started a retail
grocery on Ninth and L streets. East Portland.
A few montiis later he purchased the New Deal
(irocery, on Fourth street, which he continued
one year. In November, 1888, he entered the
employ of Mitchell & Lewis, of i'ortland, and
after eleven months in their wari'house, was
placed in charge of their agency at Albany,
llere they have a salesroom, 44 x 103 feet, and
warehouse, 15(5 x 80 \et, and carry a large line
of wagons, buggies, agricultural implements
and farm machinery. Mr. Lamb is an active and
enterprising young business man, and as mana-
ger of this establishment, has attained a degree
of success that is highly satisfactory to his
employers.

December 25, 1885, in Clackamas county,
Mr. Lamb was united in marriage to Miss
Estella Howard, a native of Ohio. They have
two children: Klla and l^ertha.

Mr. Lamb joined Linn Fire Engine Company,
No. 2, in June, 188!l. lie has tilled the ofHces
of assistant foreman and foreinaii, and in De-
cember. 1891, was elected assistant chief, which
(irtice he now holds. He is a inember of the
1. O. (.). F. and the Encampment.

— ^^^M^W^ —

tARItlSON R. KIXCATI), proprietor of
the Oregon State Journal, published at
Eugene, was born in Miulison county, In-
diana, January 3, 188t). His father, Thomas
Kincaid, of Scotch ancestry, was a native of
Virginia, but eiiiigrated with his jiarents to In-
diana ill 1817, ami settled on l''all creek, eight-
een miles iiortliei^st of Indianapolis, and re-

claiming farms froiii the timber, cultivated the
soil for many years. He was married in 1831
to Miss Xaiicy Chadrick, of Ohio. She was of
German-. Vinerican parentage. lieinaining upon
their farm until 1844, they then set forth in a
two-horse wagon to tind u milder cHmato, jiass-
ing the winter in Iowa, in the spring of 1845
they started for Te.xas. As they journeyed
through the western boundary of Arkansas they
met many emigrants returning, who gave Te.xas
a bad name. This changed their plans and
they started for home and spent the winter at
St. Francis river, on the main road leading from
Tennessee to Te.xas, along which great numbers
of slaves were being driven westward, lioing
opposed to slavery they decided to return to the
free States, so by wagon and river steamer they
returned to their old home in Indiana, having
been absent nearly two years and traveled about
3,000 miles. In 1853 they started for Oregon, the
family comjwsed of Mr. and Mrs. Kincaid and
five children. They had two wagons for trans-
portation, one of them being two-horse and the
other drawn by oxen. The trip was laborious
and severe, but with no unusual hardships, they
landed at Foster's September 29. They con-
tinned up the "Willamette valley until they came
to Eugene, which then contained about three
houses. They located a donation claim three
miles southeast of Eugene and there resided un-
til 1800, when they removed to Eugene, which
has been their home.

Harrison !{., the first-born of the family,
crossed the j)lain8 with his parents, walking
nearly the entire distance while driving the ox
team. Locating with his parents in Lane coun-
ty, the first two years were passed in splitting
rails.and building fence. In the spring of 1855
he W(>nt to the mines in southern Oregon, but
with the breaking out of the Indian war, con-
tinued to Crescent City, and there engaged in
such work as offered, splitting rails, chopping
wood, teaming etc., until the fall of 1857, when
he went to San Francisco, and by steamer re-
turned to his home in Lane county. He then
worked on the home place at cutting and haul-
ing saw-logs, an.l infting them to Eugene city
to make lumber for a liouse which he built in
1859, and into which the family moved in 1800.
In 1859-"tiO he attended Columbia College in
the class with Joaquin Miller, \V. H. Byers, J.
I). Miitlock and others. In the summer of 18f50
he worked in the office of the People's Press, a
Republican paper published in |£ugene city, by

UISTORY OF OllEOOX.

111!)

Joel Ware. In 18r)2-'ti;j he was printer and

r art of the time editor of tlie State Uepublicau.
n 1864 lio woriied on a weekly paper called
the I'nion ("riisader, whieh he and others siib-
8e(juently purchased, ami finally March 12. IHti-i,
in j)artnersliip with Joel Ware, he founded at
Knirene (Jity the Oregon Stati! Joui'iial. The
partnership continued for one year, and ainee
then Mr. Kincaid haa been sole editor. His
paper has always been the advocate of Itepiibli-
ean principles and he has frequently represented
liis party in County, State and ^fational Con-
ventions. In February, 1869, he was appointed
one of the clerks of the Senate of the United
States, and served in that position continuously
until .lune 11, 1879, when the DiMuocrats
chanii;ed the officers of the Senate.

He was married in Macoinb county, Michi-
gan, SBpteini)or 20, 1873, to Miss Augusta
Lookwood, and they have oii'j child, Webster
Kincaid.

-^tm^'^^

^ANIEL II. KIUK, one of the s\iccessful
young farmersof rmatilla county. Oregon,
now claims the attention of the biograplier.
He was born on the banks of the St. Ivawrence
river, at Ontario, March 11, 1861. His father
was Robert Kirk, who was born in Fifeshire,
Scotland, in 1818, and carae to Canada at the
age of fourteen years with his his parents. Aft-
er reaching maturity he married Miss Janette
Atkins, also a native of Scotland, in 1820, who
came to Canada with her parents when quite
small. After marriage Mr. Kirk began life as
a I'arnier on the banks of the St. Lawrence, in
the heavy timber of that country. lie there
cleared a spot, built a eai)in with puncheon floor
and into that rude home he and his bride moved,
and there they lived until the death of the
father, in 1870, at the age of fifty-two.

Mr. Kirk was an industrious man and worked
hard until he had won a line farm from the
wilderness. He had made everything coinfort-
(ible around him with the thrift of his race, but-
^vas called from earth in the prime of lite. His
friends deeply mourned li'm as a good husband
»nd father, and one of the kindest and best of
neighbors: The mother survived him until
J88t), when she died in Oregon, at the home of
her son, at the age of sixty-six years.

Daniel attended the common schools of his
native country until he was nimttcon years of
age. At that time an older brother canu- to the
old home on a visit to his mother and relatives,
and Daniel listened to the tales of this brother
of the great Northwest, and gladly acconi|)anied
him on his return to the Willamette val-
ley, lie reached there in 1880 with just SI. 50
in money, and then looked about for a |)laco to
work. He understood farming, and there hired
as a farm hand and worked for two years.

Our subject then came to Umatilla county and
took up a 1 race of 160 acres, which he commencc^d
to improve and farm for himself. After ho had
secured that place, he then took up a half-sec-
tion, making his farm 4:80 acres, which he con-
tinued to improve and cultivate. Conse(]ueiitly,
at the present time, our subject has a fine farm
under the best cultivation, in which he takes the
greatest pride, and he is considered one of the
best farmers in his neighborhood. Hi' has two
good residences on his land, which he rents to
his temints, and has a fine herd of horses, which
he takes great pains to continually improve.
His wheat crop averages 6,000 bushels yearly.

When our subject decided that fortune was
smiling he took to himself a wife in tlu^ person
of Miss Gertrude C. Gordon, who was born in
Pennsylvania, in 1857, and who came AVest with
her parents iu 1864. The name of her father
was O. L. Gordon and her mother's name was
Abigail. Mr. Kirk was forced to part with his
beloved wife after four years of happiness, but
she left him a son, Ilarland. Politically, our sub-
ject is a Democrat,and in June,18'.l2, hewasinado
Sheriff of Umatilla county. He is sure to make
a good ofHcer, for he has shown so much ability
and good management in the affairs of his own
career that he will do his duty by his constit-
uents. No man in Umatilla county can show
a better record from as small a beginning than
our subject.

AIUIEN MERCHANT, a prominent
farmer of Nortii Yam Hill, and a
native son of Oregon, was born on his
father's donation claim, on the 7th of June,
1848, and still resides on the land obtained by
his father from the Government in 1847. Of
his father and family mention will be found in
the sketch of William Merchant, m this book,

1180

HISTORY OF OREGON .

: }A

ait

i.l

iM.;

III

The subject of our skutcli wan reared on the
farm, rcceiviiiir his iMlucatioii in the little locf
sclioolhoiisc diirinji the winter terms, and work-
ing on the farm in summer, lie was thirteen
wiien his fatliui' died, in 18(il. and lie remained
with his motiier and helped to eonduct the farm
as loii<r as siio lived. A\ hen he was twenty-one
he marrieil .Miss Sarah Ann Langhiin, a native
of his own county, and a dau<;Iiter of John
Laughlin, who had come to this State in ISoO.
At the death of his mother Mr. Merchant in-
herited 160 acres of the claim, and has since
iiurchascd twenty acres more. In 187()-'77 he
built his present coint'ortahle residence and large
barn, and has continued to improve his prop-
erty. Tills jilace is, without doubt, one of the
finest locations in the State.

Mr. Merchant has a remarkable family, one
that probably has not its e(]ual in Oregon.
Three of his daughters weigh 550 pounds, and
with the fourth thev oidy lack live pounds of
weighing 800. The names of tlieir children
are as follows: Ida, Laura, Lellaii, Carrie and
I-ouis. They are not only large, but are also
good-looking.

In politics Mr. Merchant is a Republican.
He is a charter and active member of the
C4range, -and has held nearly all the offices in
the order. He h.^s several times served in the
office of constable. On his farm he makes a
specialty of the stock business, raising fine Dur-
ham cattle and Shropshire sheej), and other
thoroughbred stock. F'or three years ho has
had a meat market in Portland, and in this
business has also been successful.

IIMON STERLIX(i MARKHAM, a well
and favorably knowri citizen of Forest
(trove, and one of the liardy pioneers of
Oregon, having made his a[)pearance on the
wild and but little known scene of this common-
wealth in 1848, is a native of Athens, Ohio,
where he was born February 26, 1830. His
ancestors came from England in the early settle-
ment of New F^ngland. His father, Jeptha
Markhain, was born in Connecticut in 1783,
and lived to be eighty-six years of age. ' He
was thrice married, and w-a.s the father of fifteen
children. His second wif(^, mother of our sub-
ject, had nine children. She was a Miss Loviiia
Vaughen, a native of Now York,

The sid>j(^ct of our sketch accompanied the
family to Illinois when he was but sLx years of
age, and was there reared and educated, learning
the trade of carpenter. When ho was a young
man ho was engaged for some time in teaching
school.

lie was married oif March 25, 184)!, to Miss
Cynthia Fry, a native of Rhode Island, and a
daughter of Oliiey Fry, an honored Oregon
|)ioneer of 1840, now residing in Albany, this
State, at the age of ninety years. Her mother
died in 18()2.

Mr. and Mrs. Markham have had eleven chil-
di'en, five of whom are now living. Three were
born in Illinois, and accompanie<l their parents
across the plains, viz. : Reuben Henry, Lyman
Ferris and Francis Marion. Eight children
were born in Oregon, three of whom are living.
Lyman Ferris is married, and resides in Idaho;
Francis Marion lives in Idaho, and has a wife
and si.x cliildren; Ja8j)er Newton resides in
Washington county, Oregon, and lias a wife
and seven children; Douglas resides in Forest
Grove with his father and mother, and married
the widow of his brother, and is raising his
brother's two boys.

Mr. Markham at first located in Marion
county, Oregon, twelve miles east of Salem, on
a donation claim. This he afterward left and
purchased a claim of 640 acres in Linn county,
where he went, in 1850, and resided there for
twenty years, improving it by the erection of a
substantial residence, and barns for his grain
and stock, besides highly cultivating the land,
and made of it a very valuable farm. lie then
failed in grain speculation, and had to sell out
to pay his debts. He then located at Gray's
Harbor, in Washington, and made a new start,
where he remained for twenty years on a stock
and dairy ranch, in which enterprise he was
eminently snccessful. In 1889 he again sold
out, realizing a handsome profit, and then re-
tired from active business, coming to Forest
Grove and purchasing a pleasant home with
attractive grounds, where he now resides.

When but sixteen years of age Mr. Markham
was converted and joined the Methodist Church,
in which faith he remained until 1875, when,
there not being a Methodist Church where he
lived, and liking the polity of the (Congrega-
tional Clinrch, he joined it. In 1872 he was
licensed to preach, since when ho has devoted
much of his time to grat.iitous preaching of the
unsearchable ricjies of Christ, taking gr§at de-

ursronr of oniiaoN.

usi

liglit ill liis \vorl<

and liin efJ'oi'ts beinj; i;rc'fitly
blessed ot'GoJ,wlio lins made liiiii iiiBtriitnuntHi
in founding inimy ciiuiTlies iind bringing mmiy
souls inti) His kingdom, lie bus a warm and
lovinij; lieart and a supremo t'aitli in God and
His word, and brings to his work all tb(i en-
tliusiasm of an ardent nature, to whicb Ids mar-
velous Bue(;e88 is due, as his entliusiasm is
contagious and never fails to leave a deep im-
pression on all coming in contact witli tliis truly-
great and good man. While in Illinois lie at-
tended the Christian Church part of the time,
and such is the liberality and broadness of his
faith that he can make his home with any
orthodox church. lie is justly proud of never
having ])olluted bis body with tobacco or whisky.
Mrs. Markhain has been a worthy co-worker in
all of his good work, contributing by her sym-
pathy and lovi ;g encouragement to his success,
and enjoys the affectionaate regard of a large
circle, of friends. If spared until March 25,
1893 they will celebrate the fiftieth anniver-
sary of their wedding day, an occasion on which
their numerous friends will vie with each other
in wishing them joy and many happy returns
of the day.

In politics he was formerly a Douglas Demo-
crat, and voted for (ieorge 13. McClellan, but
since then adopted the tloctrines held by the
liepublican party, to which he has ever since
consistently adhered.

Thus we leave him, jiersevering in his good
work, which promises to sweep over the com-
munity like a blessed flood, eliminating disbe-
lief and all ungodliness, while the seeds of
Christian virtues shall lill the land end make it
blossom like the rose.

|EV. SAMUEL MATIIEW, an Oregon
[lioneer of 1852, and a highly respected
superannuated Methodist minister of the
Oregon ('onference, now a resident of Canby.
Clackamas county, was born in iVeston county.
West Vir-iinia, May 15, 1821. He is of Kn-
glish and Welsh ancestry. Joseph Mathew, his
father, was born in Virginia, in 1781; was a
well-to-do farmer, a justice of the peace, and
at one time served as sheriff of his county.
He married Miss Elizabeth Chris, a native of
his own State, born in 1785, a descendant of
German ancestry. They reared to maturity

eleven children. All were iiiiiriic 1. and it is
believed that Ave of them are still living.
Samuel was tlieii' t'i<rhtli child. He was educated
in Virginia.

In 18-1-4 Mr. Mathew removed to Iowa, whore,
in 1850, he inarrii^d Miss Sarah Fate, u native
of Ohio, iiorn January 20, 1827, daughter of
(ieorge and Sarah ((yarrel) Kate. In 18."j2. with
a good horse team, they made the journev HCross
the [Jains to Oregon. They wei'e six months
en route, escaped the cholera, and u|)on their
safe arrival at Vancouver, they settled on a
donation claim of 359 acres. Here they built
a rude log house and engaged in stock-raising,
later turning their attention to the dairy busi-
ness. This property they ownt'J, ami prospered
for twenty-four years. They lived on it ten
years and rented it fourteen years. They then
sold it, and in 1880 purchased at Canby 105 lots,
a part of which property Mr. Mathew has de-
voted to orchard and nursery, and in this enter-
prise be has been remarkably successful. In a
single year ho cleared $4,000.

Mr. Mathew was converted in Virginia, in
1839, under the preaching of old l'"ather Clieim,
and Mr. Uegor, the minister in charge. In
1842 he was licensed to exhort, and in 1853 to
preach. He then traveled one year under the
Presiding Elder on the St. Helen's circuit. In
185.J he joined the Oregon Conference, and was
appointed to the Vancouver circuit, where ho
preached two years. He afterward acceptably
ministered in the f(Jlowiiig circuits; Clear cret k,
Scappoose, Rock creek, Spencer's ISuttc, Kerby-
ville, Scottsburg, Tualilin, Lewis lliver, Cowlitz,
and Lewis liiver again. Then he traveled ten
years in the capacity of an evangelist, meeting
with grand success, thousands of |)eople being
brought to a knowledge of the truth under his
ministry, and will, we trust, be stars in his
crown of rejoicing in glory when th^i good old
pioneer preacher shall have gone to h"s reward,
lie was 8U])erannuated in lS80, and has since
turned his attention, as before stated, ,o horti-
cultural pursuits.

Mr. and Mrs. Mathew have two children, a
son and daughter. The former, Morris Snm-
mertield Mathew, is a business man of San
Francisco. The daughter, Ilattio Newell, is the
wife of James A. Matton, and has eleven chil-
dren. They reside in Whitman county, Wash-
ington.

Mr. Mathew has been a strong and active tem-
perance worker, and made himself, by voice and

irrsTonr of oheoon.

mi':

iiitluoiR'i', II power iit fill' tiiiiL' ol' tlic or<,'iuiix!i-
tidti of till' liejuiblicaii piirty ii^aiiist oppri'sion,
and liiti^r, in i'livor of tlif (iovernincnt atul of
tlie Union. His faithful liulpniate lias aided
liim in all his I'ti'orts foi'ffood, and now in their
old aavi they are nmkinii liberal donations to the
cause of foreign missions, recently liavinj; sent
$1,100 to Alrii'a and !?400 to Singapore, India.

Such is a brief history of a wortliy man and
woman, who have devoted all their lives to the
Service of (iod and the good of their fellows.
Ilesaysof himself: »Kor the last thirty years of
my life. 1 have had a constantly increasing
measure of the spirit and grace of (iod, with
the Abiding (!omforter; but the last five years
I have had a wonderful increase of the know-
leih'e of God, and His loving attributes; and
made partaker of the divine nature iu a large
degree; 80 gloriously baptized every day by the
Holy (tliost, that 1 greatly wonder at the love
of Uod poured into my soul. Truly the Lord
is doing exceeding abiunlantly above all that I
ask or think, according to the power that work-
eth in nie. The joy of the Lord with inc is my
strength, and it is a literal feeling, very
heavenly and divine. I wonder at such a state
on earth; it is increasing and it will never end.
All of grace; nothing of myself.

" 1 am opjiosed tooath-bound secret societies."

^.ON. {'KNTMIUIA KELLY, a favorably
M\ known public man of Oregon, and a pio-
neer of 1848, was born in Marion county,
Kentucky, in 1845. He is, however, by educa-
tion a true son of ( )ri'gon, being but three
years of age when lie aceoinpanied hi's parents
to this State. (For a complete sketch of his
father. Uev. Clinton Kelly, the reader is re-
ferred to the sketch of Dr. Richmond Kelly,
which elsewhere ajipears.) Although of such a
tender age when crossing the jilains, he retains
vivid impressions of that long, wearisome
journey.

His early eiliication was received at home,
and his first school jirivileges were secured at
till' old log sehoolhouse of Last Portland, now
known as district .No. 2. Here the school terms
averaged about three nionths. and the teacher
boarded around iiniong the various families.
Yonng Kelly spent the remaining nine months
of each year assisting his father in the farm and

garden work. In this way twenty- four years of
his life passed. He then engaged in logging on
the Columbia river, in whicli business he con-
tinued until 187~, when he retired to liis farm
of 11)0 acres, located near East I'ortland, where
he followed general fanning and the cultivation
of a variety of fruits.

Although leading a i|uiet life, yet his natural
abilities and energy of character made a deep
impression on his fellow-men, who e!ri|ilia9ized
their regard by electing him a member of the
House of He|)reBentative8, from Multnomah
county, on the Republican ticket. In this
capacity he exhibiteil excellent judgment, great
ability in debate, a desire to serve the best inter-
ests of the jieople and incorruptible integrity.
In 187() he was elected County C/Ominissioner,
in which capacity his experience was but a rejie-
tition of that i-ealized in his former public otHce.
He was aijain elected to the Leirislatnre in 1878,
and was re-elected to that ottico in 18S0 and
1882. On completing his term of office lie re-
tireil to his farm, where he resided until 1888,
when he sold his property and removed to i'ort-
land. to aca'pt the office of Sheriff of ^[ultnomah
county, to which he was elected in June of that
year, and to which ho was re-elected in l8!Ht.

On September 30, 1875. Mr. ivelly was mar-
ried, near Portland, to Miss Mary K. Maniuam,
a highly resj)ec'ted lady, a nati. -of Oregon, and
a daughter of Judge P. A. Mar(|uam, who was
an ( )regon pioneer of 1851, and now a successful
busiiu'ss man of Poitland. To tin's union hive
been born three children: Mary Agnes, Samuel
Ralph and Sarah ^[al(lon.

Socially, Mr. Kelly is a prominent member
of the F. & A. M., Knight Tenijilars, L O. O. F.,
A. O. r. W., J?. P. O. E. an<l Knights of
Pythias.

The Secret of Jfr. Kelly's success and ]>op-
ularity appears to be his fixed principles of in-
tegrity, industry and courtesy, the practice of
which have gained for him the favorable '.egurd
of the people he so faithfully serves.

fl). KELSEY, (Japtain of Company A,
First Hegimeiit, Oregon National (tuard,
» and a promising young lawyer of Port-
land, is deserving of biographical mention on the
pages of this work.

tiTsrour Oh' oiikgon.

1I2H

Mr. Kulncy wap bom in ('uliiiiilins, Oliio.
ill 186t>. IJis ffttlitT, Ivt'x, I,. Kelney, II iiutivu
of Vermont, wiis iin curly resi lent of Colnmlnis.
where lie lieeaiiio pastor of thu Coni^regatioiial
Cliiircli. IIo was iiiarried in ( ■oIiiimIjii-. to Misu
Mary Duncan, of Kentucky. lie continiiuil IiIh
pastorate in tl.at city nntii 1885, when he caiiie
with his family to Portland. In this vicinity hu
iiiiiiisteicil to the spiriliml wants of the people
until the time of his death, in 1889. His widow
and .-"ix children survive him, F. 1), Kelsey be-
iiij.;; the youngest of the family.

lie received his early education in columbus,
and subseijiiently attended ivnox Colleire, at
(hilesl)iir^, niiiiois, where hef^radimted in 1888.
Jle then followed his parents to the i'acitic coast,
stopping six months in Spokane Falls before
coinini^ to I'ortland. In this city ho entered
the otttce of Judge Kaleigh Stott. under whose
direction he pursued his legal studies at the
law department of the I'niversity of Oregon,
lie was admitted to the bar in the spring of
18!)0, and the following year he .-pent, in the
office of Messr.^. Wood iV Smith, at Ilelenii,
Montaiiii. Keturning to Portland in the spring
of 1891, ho coiniiienced the practice of law, and
ill I)ecember following entere<l into partnership
with A. ('. Denpree, which jiartiiership is still
continued.

Mr. Keleey's military life commenced at
Columbus, in 1881, when he became a member
of the JJriun and Fife Corps of Company I',
Fourteenth Kegiment, Ohio National Guard.
After two years ho entered the ranks of Coin-
piiny R, in which he served liveyi'ars. He saw
Bomo active practice in the Cincinnati riot of

1884, and in the Hocking Valley cotil stiiko of

1885. He was discharged in 1886. That year
he re-enlisted at Gaiesbiirg, in Company C,
Sixth Illinois National (riiard, and remained
with that company until coming to the I'acitic
coE^t. In April, 1889, he enlisted in Company
A, First Regiment, Oregon National Guard;
in July following was made Quartermaster-
S<>rgeaiit, and in October Second-ljieiitenant.
Upon the reorganization of Company A, in June,
1890, he was elected First-Lieutenant, and in
Jnne, 1891, was elected Captain. The nucleus
of this company was organized in 181)2, a? Com-
pany 13, Washington Guards, S. (!. Mills, Cap-
tain. During the war the company did volun-
teer Service, guarding forts and Indian reserva-
tions, the regular forces being withdrawn. In
186tS they assumed the letter A, which has con-

tinued the letter of the company, rpmi tliu
death of ( 'a|)taiii Mills, in l87iJ, Horatio Cook
was elected to the vacancy and tillt'il the oflice
until 1887, when the company was made a |i!irt
of the First liegiment, and A. ,1. Southerlaiid
was elected Captain. This was followed by fre-
(|ueiit changes, and such dissatisfaction that the
company broke up. This was in June, 18i)(t.
It was soon afterward reorganized, with H. 11.
.Vldenas as (Japtaiii, he Iteing succeeded in June,
ls91, by (!aptaiii Kelsey. The company now •
numbers forty members and shows great proti-
cieiicy ill drill iiiidei' the new tactics. A sense
of satisfaction and li.'irmony pervades the com-
pany, and with energy and pciseverance they
are iiusliiiiij; forward to a hiidi staiidinif in drill
and excellency of de[)ortmeiit.

^-i?^-^ — -

fOlIN CJHARLFS JOHNSON, a represen.
tative citizen of Marion county, ( Iregoii, has
been a resident of tin' I'acitic coast from
childhood, and since arriving at mature years
has been prominently identified with the agri-
cultural interests of this section. He is a native
of Illinois, born May 29, 18-12, and at the ago
of five years was brought with his father's fam-
ily across the plains to this State. (See sketch of
Hiram \. Jtibnsun.) He received his educa-
tion in the schools of Jefferson, and was reared
to the occiiiiation of n farmer. When he came
of ago his father gave him 160 acres of land;
four years he devoted to the cultivation and im-
provement of this tract, and then disposed ot
the farm. He afterward purchased 9(10 acres
of land in Linn county, j.nd after four years
spent in placing this under cultivation, he sold
it and embarked in mercantile trade at Scio,
Linn CMiiiity.

He formed a partnership with J. C. Brown,
and they did a successful business until 1890,
when Mr. Johnson sold his interest, and eamo
to Salem. He investeil in city and country
property, and engaged in real-estate transactions
on his own account. He has boon very fortunate
in his operations, and has become possessed of
much valuable property.

He was married in 186;J to Miss V^ioletGiin-
sanles, a native of Illinois, but a resident of
Oregon since 1853. They have had born to
them a family of seven children, five of whom
arc living; Lizzie, wife of John Daniel; Archie

na-t

nisTonr of uuEdON.

! €

: I- ;•

i-r

.(., will! iinirrieil Miss 1,, Voiiiij;; Kttic A.. \vi('(»
III' il. Siiii|)giin; N'ii'i^il itiiil Ia^Ih Ht Ikiiiic.

Mr. floliiirtdti cast liiH tirst pi'esideiitiiil vott«
for Abrnlmiii Mticolii, iiiul 1ms since lieeii a
iiu'ml)nr of the KopiiMicaii |mrty, lioiiij; activu
iiiul ftHciciit scivicc; he liiis Imen a delegate to
iniiiiy ccnivciitiMiis, and while a eiti/en of Scii)
was twice I'leeted Mayor of that city. In IS'.K)
ho was elected ii nicinlier of theX'ity (Jonncil of
Salem. lie is a ineintier of the \. O. IJ. W.
and of the Masonic fraternity, lieloiigini; hotli
to the blue lodij;e and chapter or the latter order,
lie is a man of excellent business jn(li;;ineMt,and
by cneri^y and perseverance has adiievetl suc-
cess in all his undertakini;s.

■"^V

y^i.^^i^

fllOMAS J . .!( )I1 NST(3N. 233 First street.
Portland, Oregon, has for thirty years
been connected with the plumbing inter-
ests of this city. Of his life the foUowinji; facts
have been gleaned:

Thomas .[..Johnston was born in liirminghain,
Kni^land, in ls-i3. of ICnglish parentajre. His
fatlier, Samuel .lohnston, was a business num of
that city. Thomas J. was primarily educated
at the KdgeliisteTi School of iJirminghani, and at
the age of ten was apprenticeil for five years
with VVinfield k, Son, prominent manufacturers
of brass goods and jjhimbers' sujiplies, employ-
ing ."),(IU() hands in their extensive establish-
ment. While leai'uing his trade, young John-
ston attenilcd the night schools, and thus secured
a good business education. In 1857 he was
one of fifty picked men to engage in the estab-
lishment of the northern boundary between
the I'niteil States nnii British Columbia. This
work was accompanied by many dangers inci-
dent to travel through a wild country infested
with Indians; but, in connection witli tlie United
States corps and the nccessaiy laborers, the party
numbered about 250 men, and, tieing well armed
and ecjuipped, met with little trouble from the
red men. Mr. JolinstonV duty on this expedi-
tion was to care for the instruments, guns and
implements, keeping all in ])roper order. Tlio
English party was in charge of Colonel Hawkins,
aided by (Captains I'^gg and Darrow as astronc -
mers. The survey extended from San Juan
island on the Pacific coast to the Red river
country, wdiere they met the Eastern surveyors.
After three years engaged in this service, Mr.

Johnston came to i'orthind, and was employed
as journeyman in the plumbing shop of C'. II.
Myers, wiu're he workeil six years, In .lanuary,
lMi7, ho opened u shop and began business tor
hiniaelt'. .Miuut 1871 lie formed n co)nrtner-
shi|) with II. M. Ilolden, which contin ic I for
live years. .Mr. Ilolden then withdrew and Mr.
.lohnston was alone until 1888, when the present
copartnership of Johnston Ac Lawrence was
established. They aro located at 232 First street
and occupy a salesroom, 25 x IIM) feet, with a
shop in the rear. 40x40 feet, opening on Main
street. The entire basement of this buihlin;' is
used for storage purposes. I'eing skilled in
every department of the plumbing business, suc-
cess luis always attendeil Mr. Johnston i;i his
labors. Among his early important contrii"ts
were the gas and steam tittings (d' th.' '^' ' 'd
States custom house and post otHce of i ort-
land. Mr. .Johnston and his two sons doin<; all
the work, lie now employs on an average lifteen
lian<ls and secures many of the larger contracts
in th(^ fitting and jdumbingof the modein build-
ings, lie carries a largo stock of chandeliers,
steam pumps and all plumbers' supplies.

Mr. Johnston was n.arried in Portland, Ore-
gon, in July, 181)8, to Miss Mary Wilson, a na-
tive of .New York. They have seven children:
Harriet, I'anny 15., William, Janu's, Arthur I)..
( 'arrie and Mildred. He has recently completed
an attractive and commodious residiMice at the
(Muner of Twenty-eighth and and Ualeigh streets,
and also owns other valuable proj)erty.

Politically. Mr. .lohnston is a Republican,
lie is a Royal Arch Mason and an Od<l I'Ydlow,
and is also a member of the Veterati Volunteer
and Exemjit Firemen's Association, having
served eighteen years in the volunteer tiro
ilepartment, tilling the otlices of iirst assistant,
foreman and assistant chief.

tAKRV KRIl'.S, of Adams, Umatilla
county, Oregon, sixth child of Harry and
Katrina Kribs, born in (lermany. May 24,
1835, left homo at the age of fourteen and ar-
rived in New ^'ork in 184'.t. His parents were
natives of (Jermany, aiul are both dead, the
motlijir dying in 1877 and the father in 1^79.
( >ur subject led a roving life for numy years.
Ho began as a sailor, his first voyage being made
in 1849 across the Atlantic to N'ew Vork. which

IllliTOtiY OF OREnoff.

iiai

ho rfiiclu'(l . ill Si'|it(iinlii'r; tlioiicc to lj\(<r|)iiiil
and rctiirti; tliuii lo (iilil'uriiiii via CJapi' Horn,
ri'iicliinj^ tiiiU country in l.SoO; tlu-ii four years
was uinployetl in lif^literiiif^ larffc 8lii|irt entering
tliu liarl)or; then to Ilmiiiioldt bay, wliero lie
HJiipped n« secoiui-iiiatii on a harge fruigliting
luinliur to San FriiiKMHco.

In till' year 185t) lie f-iii|i])0(l as a sailor on a
Bailing ship, lioiind for Australia, being absent
fifteen months, returning by way of a niiinbcr
of foreign ports. On his return, in 1858, hu
worked for some time in a waicliouse in San
Francisco; then went to British Columbia, at
the outbreak of the g(dd excitement there;
Worked in the mines one year, ami was then
employed by the liomidary Survey Coinpaiiy, en-
gaged in determining tlic bounilary between
('anada ami the I'liited States. In the follow-
ing year, IHoit, ho came to Oregon, locating at
the I)alles and running a stock ranch and a pack
train and teams across the muuntains.

This business he sold out in 18(i4, and, going
to Walla Walla, accepted a position as clerk in
the store of Snoberg Uros., continuing with
that firm eight years. Then he came lo I'ma-
tilla, having decided to inaktMi jierinanent home,
and took up a (daim fd' 100 acres near th" little
town of Adams, to which he has since added,
from time to time, until now he has a well im-
proved and prospering farm of (500 acres, devoted
chiefly to grain-growing.

Mr. Kribs is an earnest, intelligent iitid pro-
gree.sive farmer, who keeps all his land under
cultivation, and raises large crops of wheat, his
average annual yield being from 7,000 to 8,000
bushels; but one year he had a erop of 12,000
bushels, lie has a herd of line thoroughbred
Ilolstein cattle, in which he takes great jiride.

Our subject was married in ISfi-t to Miss
Florence Moore, a native of Xew York, who
came to Oregon across the plains in istlij. She
bore her husband two sons: William and Edward.
After living happily with her luisband twenty-
one years death called her from earth. Mr.
Kribs was again married, his choice being Miss
Hattie I'oyd, a native of Oregon.

Mr. Kribs has liad no little experience in In-
dian warfare, having been in the outbreak in
British Columbia in 1858 and the Umntilla war
in 1878. in the latter trouble he was in the
saddle nine days and nights, trying to save his
own family and to rescue others that were in
peril.

(hir siibiict left his native home jienniless,
but by diligence has amassed a suHiuieiicy to
meet all the demands of his life, however long
it may be protracted. The life of a sailor is full
of tem|itations, yet Mr. Kribs escaped all pitfalls,
and there is not in all Umatilla cdunty a man
who is respiH'ted more highly than he for >trict
honoBty and fur correct li\iiig in all things.

f^f«-.>E=|«i--rt^.4-84€-|

fAMES W. E.\l)V,oneof Yam Hill county's
pro8|)eroiis iarmers and honored pioneers,
dates his arrival in Oregon in 1853. He
was born in 'renucssce, ( )ctober (J, 18;{2, son of
W. (i. and Sarah (liewlcy) Lady, both natives
of Tennessee. The family nioveil to AHssouri in
1812, and in ISoii came overland to Oregon.
\V. (1. l..ady and his brother, .Joseph, made the
journey together, bringing their wive,- and chil-
dren, tile former lui\ ing nine children and the
latter live. Their wagons were drawn by o.\
teams, and after beiuir six months on the road
they landed safe at Foster's. They wintereil at
Salem and the •following 8|)ring located on the
father's donation claim, a tract of 320 acres.
Here W. G. Lady spent the rest of his life and
die<l, his death occurring in 1807, in the si.xty-
si.xtli year of his age. His wife passed away in
18S>1, aged eighty years. They were honest,
industrious people, were members of the Meth-
odist ("linrch, and led consistent (Christian lives.
The subject of our sketch was iwenty-one
when he landed in Oregon. He took up a quar-
ter-section of land near his father, and "bached ''
on it two years. lebruary 12, 1857, he married
Miss Sarah Wood. She was born in east Ten-
nessee, October 12, 1840, daughter of . I ohn P.
and Amy (Witt) Wood. Her father was a na-
tive of South Carolina. With his wife and five
children he crossed the plains in 1847, and this
journey ^Irs. Lady well remenibeis although a
mere child then. They arrived in Oregon in
October, spent the winter at Dr. Whitman's, and
in the spring took a donation claim of G40 acres,
located three miles west of where Sheiidan now
is. On this claim, a most beautiful tract of
land, they located in 184'J. In 1859 her father
retired to McMinnville, where he spent his clos-
ing years, and died in 1878. His wife had died
in 1852. They were highly respected people
and members of the Baptist Church.

Ui6

n/fiTonr of unmaoK

Mr. ami Airs, f.aily lived on tlieir claim two
years, and tiien pure!.a>od a part of lier I'atlier's
farm, on which thev liavo since made tiieir iiome.
This they have developed into one of tiie most
beautiful rural places in the county. Their
attractive residence they built in 1S7~, and from
time to time have made other iiiiproveirients.
Their te;i children are all liviiij;, and are as fol-
lows: John, who is married and resides in Sheri-
dan; Marion, wlm is married and livinjr on his
l'atiiei'"g donation claim; Leander, who is married
a. id settled at Willamina, Mary C, wife of
"iVilliam Savage, lives near Willamina; -laspcr,
■.vlio is married and lives at Grande Itonde;
Leona, wife of William (iwinn. resides in Sheri-
dan; and laylor, Susie, Ileniy and C^allie, at
home with their parents. Mr. and Mrs. l.,ady
l)"ve eiij;hteen grandchildren. Airs. Lady is a
Mioinber of the Baptist C'hurcii, having united
with it when she was thirteen. I'olitically, Mr.
J.,ady affiliates with the Republican party. He
takes an active interest in ed\icatioual affairs,
and has frequently served as School Director.

[LLI.V^r MNIi- IIT. a proniinert citizen
of Canby, (^Ilackainas county, < •regon.
was horn in the State of Pennsylvania,
April 17, 1859. and is of (Jerman d( -cent. lli.s
father, Joseph Knight, fijir.iidfat ler, Adam
Knight, and great-gran.it'ather .ilso .\dam
Knight, Were all born !■ I'ennsylvania. •
Knight was born in 1797, and when lu
n]) married Sarah Gates, a native of thi
State, the date of her i>irth being 1800.
had ten children, four of whom are now
Charles, Jose])li, William and George.
Knight died in 1843. The family removed to
Missouri, and there the father married a second
wife, by whom he had four children, the oldest
and youngest of whom are living. The latter,
.John, is now sheriff of Mai'ion county, ( tregon.
Tilt father can.'j to Oregon in 185ii. and after
remaining somi time, returned to MisBouri.
In 18(53, however, he ngain crossed the plains
to this State, this time bringing wrnti him his
family, William then being twenty-tiiree years
of age and unmarrie<l. Tliey purchased (iOO
acres of land, and buill one or the first two
houses in Canliy, becoming, in a seiiee. the
founders of tlie town, a part of it having been
built on their hind. lle:r they lire ''ppii rn-

)seph
grew
srme
They
ving:
Mrs.

gaged in farming, merchandising, and in vari-
ous other pursuits. Tlu^ father died in 1874,
in the seventy- fifth year of his age. He and
his son, Adam, were at work at the Cascades
when the Indian war broke out, and were be-
sieged three days and nights in the blockhouse,
but they held the Indians at bay until the
soluiers arrived, father and son being then
released.

In 1SS4 the subject of our sketch was elected
Sheriff of Clackamas county, and in 188G was
re-elected to the same jiosition. serving most
efficiently in that cajjacity four years. Since
the expiration of his term of office he has given
his attention to business interests in Canby.
He has erected >everal bu^iness houses hero, in-
cluding the Town Hall. When the- railroad
was built to this point, Ue sold the company
200 acres of land. Fifty acres of this were
given T 1 the Methodists for camp-meeting
grounds, and on it lias been built a tabernacle,
with a seating capacity f r ;?,000 people. Mr.
Knight'^ residenci' is situated on his fine farm
of 145 acres adjoining the town.

In 187n he was married to Miss Martha
IJurchard, a native of Marion county, Oregon,
born in 1855, daujihter of (ieorge Bnrcliard, an
Oi'egon pioneer of l85ii. Mr. and Mrs. Knight
have five ciiiWreii, as follows; Hertha E., \'in-
nie J., Artliur LI., and Morth Viva and Mary
Vesta, twins.

Mr. Knight has been a Republican all his
life. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., of
which order he has served as Financier a num-
ber of years. He is also a member of tlie Good
Tem|)lars.

M. WILLIAM KOEHI.FR, now one of
the oldest practicing dentists of Portland,
i> a native of Havaria. (ienminy, born
November 28. 1833. He is of (ierman ances-
try. His father, Frederick Koehler, was a sur-
geon, and many of the ancestors of the family
were members of the medical profession in tlieir
native land. Dr. Koehler was educated and
began the practice of dentistry before coming
to tills country. In 1854 he came to New
"^'ork, and after three months' residence there,
eaiiH' to San Francisco, spent some time at
PlaiCBrville aii<l Mokelumne Hill, and in 18t)3
came to Oregon, where lie has been constantly
eiiiriiged in liiw profession. His first olllce waB

■■■■ir

titsToUT OP ORBaOK.

1127

oil tlic coi'iior of Front and Morrisdii streets.
At that time lie oecuiii.'il the only luick biiild-
• iiig in the city. In 1872 he had his office at
the corner of Front and Yam Hill streets, and
he lost some $1,500 by the tiro tliat visited tliat
building. He then located at the corner of
First and Yam Hill, and later at Yam Hill and
Morrison. While there he sold out, but when
the bnild'ngat ?s'o. 2+1 First street was tinished
he opened hie office, where lie has since been
found during office hours. The Doctor has had
the exjierience of twenty-nine years in the city
of Portland, in his business, and has done work
for many of the best citizens of the town, and
as evidence <>f the esteem and conlidence tliat
they all feel for him they are all his patrons
still. He is progressive an<l bus kept up with
the times. He has all the modern improve-
ments, and is a kind-hearted gentleman and
worthy citizen.

He was married in Portland, in 1864, to
Miss Jane I'iriningham, of Ireland. They
have had live children, born in this city: Will-
iam, now druggist of this city; (ieorge Francis
is a promising physician and surj^eon; Maggie,
Josephina and Francis. They reside in a nice
home whicii Dr. Koehler has had built on the
corner of Tenth anil Montgomery streets. The
l)octor has been Treasurer of the Dental So-
ciety, and Deputy of the District for the A. <).
U. W., and has represented this oi'der at the
(irand Lodge of the State. He is a Republican,
and has been one ever since the organization of
the party. He has led an honorable and u|)-
right life, and is one of Portland's most worthy
citizens,

*— t-H:^«i«—

fllOF. HFUl'.KUT KITTUEDGE is one
ofOregoiTs bright sous, and was born
in Siiaitii '.'ounty. California, June 8, 1803.
His fatlier, Franklin Kittredge, was born in
Michigan, in 1828, and his graiidfather was a
noted physiciaa of Micldgan. born in Massachu-
setts. The family are of English parentage,
and came over here and settled iu the Bay State
at an early day

Tlie first marriage of the father of our sub-
ject took place in Michigan, hut his wife died
shortly after, and in 1849 Mr. Kittredge went
to California, where he engaged in mining ffir
several years. He has made die trip around by
Cape Horn, and also across tlie Isthmus, and has

crossed the ])lains, making the trip four times.
He had been a school teacher in Michigan, but
when he went to California it was to the mines.
From that State he went into Oregon, and there
he met Miss Mary Powell, of ■ Powell's \'alley,
Multnomah county, and Bubsefjueiitly married
her. She was a native of Missouri, who had
been brought to Oregon, when very small, by her
parents. Soon after marriage Mr. Kittredge
returned to California, and there our subject,
Herbert, the first of a family of eight children,
was born, in the summer of 180;J, in the mining
regions of Shasta county, and a year later the
family returned to Multnomah county, Oregon.
The parents and a part of the children now re-
side in I'enton countv. Oreson. The names of
the members of this family are; Lota, the wife
of (ieorge Wallace, of Corvallis; Eniiiia, the wife
of W. H. Mahony, of Oakland, California;
Daisy, May, Mary, Walter and Willie are at
home.

Our subject is the eldest of the family, and
was reared and educated in Oregon. He first
attended the common schools of his town, and
then took an academic course in the Willamette
Cniversity at Salem. After this (uir subject
took a course at the Agricultural College at
Corvallis, and received a degree of A. P. in
188(), and of A. M. iu 1888. He has applied him-
self to teaching ever since; and, in fact, he earned
a part of his education by teaching. He has
conduct(>d schools in Zena, Poik county, and
Lane county, also at Corvallis, and ^loiiroe, in
Pentoii county. He has been principal of the
Corvallis school, of the Junction City school,
and in 1880 lie came to Paker (^ity, whore lie
was principal ''or four years, until called to a
position hi !'"r'bi!iJ I'niversity, where he now
is. He has a manner that pleases, and his k'1-
licioncy is so well known that he gives the best
of satisfaction wherever he goes.

Our subject was married June 11, 1800, to
Miss Jessie (iroves, daughter of William and
Emma (Horning) (irovcs. The mother of Mrs.
Kittredge was born in Missouri, in Kansas City.
Her father raised the money with whicli the
first church was built in Kansas City, and he
was the principal I'oundei- of tiie Agricultural
College in Corva'lis, Oregon. The family are
of Uernian descent, having como to America in
the jiorson 01 the grandfather of Mrs. Kittredge
when he was ton years old. Mr. Groves was
born in V^irginia in 183t), and Mrs. Groves
in Missouri in 1840. Mrs. Kittredge has

11^

OtSTotiY OF UllEdO^.

two sisters ancl one brotliei- ut home with her
i'atlier, slie lieiiig tlw next oldest iiiid the t)iily
one of the family yet married.

Prof, and ^frs. Kittredge have one little boy,
Tracy B., born May 5. 1«91. They both are
HRMnbers of the Methodi.-it Episcopal Church,
and the Professor is a member of the .^[a8onic
and I. O. O. F. fraternities. Mrs. Kittredge is
a lady of intelligence and education, li.'wing
graduated from tiie Agricultural College at (Jor-
vallis, with the degree of A. !!. in 1888.

William O. mack, another one of the
venerable Oregon pioneers of 1852, now
a resident of Caiiby, Clackamas county,
dates Ills birth in llarperstield, Delaware coun-
ty. New York, December 7, 1820. His ances-
tors originated in Hngland.

Joel Mack, his grandfather, was born in Tol-
land, Connecticut. When (juite young he en-
listed in the Continental army and fought the
JJritish in the battles of lirandywine and Mon-
mouth. His eldest son. Abner Mack, our sub-
ject's father, was a soldier in the war of 1812.
lie married Miss Ilulda Watrous, of Connecti-
cut, and they had a family of live sons and seven
daughters. In 1848 lie removed with his fam-
ily to Mcllenry county, Illinois, where he re-
sided >ip to the time of his death, which oc-
curred in his seventy-eighth year. His wife
survived him some time and died in her ninety-
sixth year, at Crystal Lake, Mcllenry county,
Illinois. Of tlieii' numerous family only two
eons and two daughters are now living.

William O. was the third horu in his father's
family, and was reared in New Vork. In 1845
he was married in i'enusylvania to ^[iss Louisa
M. Graham, who was born in Delaware county,
New Vork. Ajiril 22. 1820, daughter of Orson
(Traiiam, of Connecticut. In 184S they re-
moved to Illinois, where Mr. Maek rented land
and worked at the carjjcnters' trade. On Apiil
19, 1802, he started with o.\ teams for Oregon,
brinains: with him his wife and three children:
Estella, now the wife of Charles Moahherger;
Oscar, married and I'esidiug in Washington;
and I.edru, who lives near his parents atCa'iliy.
Aftei' a long and tedious journey, they arii\ed
at the Dalles ( )etober 2. There they built a
iioat, and in it came down the Columbia river to
the Cascades. From the Cascades Airs. Mack

came with the children in a steamboat to the
mouth of the Sandy, while Mr. Mack drove the
stock down the trail. They came dire<'t to.
Clackamas county, and took a donation claim of
320 acres on the Molalla, live miles southeast of
where Canby now is. Here they built a log
cabin in the timber, and on this property made
their home, and by honest industry pros|)ered.
Mr. Mack brought with him his carpenter tools,
and in addition to his farming did considerable
building for his neighbors. Many of the sub-
stantial buildings in this part of the county are
monuments to his industry and skill. In 1878
he retired from his farm and purchased forty
acres of land at Caniiy. Here he built a com-
modious dwelling, in which he and his good
wife are spending the eveinng of their useful
lives. He has dealt sotnewhat in real estate and
is still the owner of 300 acres of valuable land.
In Oregon eiirht children have been added to
their family circle, all of whom are living,
namely: Arthur, liamon, Hyroii, Yolney, Cecil;
Ola, now Mrs. Douglas Gurley; Morley and
Orainel Ilosco. They also have sixteen grand-
children.

Mr. Mack has been a Itepublican ever since
the organization of that l)nrty, but hns never
been an oHice-seeker. He has taken a com-
mendable interest in the educational aft'airs of
his vicinity.

^-(^-^

A. LOCKWOOD is a native of New
Vork, ''orn in Chautaucpia county in
<» 182s. His ])areuts, Jacob and Sarah (I'ut-
nam) Lockwood, were natives of New Kngland.
and like many c)ther8of Nc\\i England's sons and
daughters, they set out early on their pilgrim-
age westward and settled in New Vork State,
where Mr. L(ickwo(id engaged in farming, and
died there about 1839. Our sul>ject was then
about a year old and be was taken by his uncle,
John Putnam, of .New Vork, and by him reared
to the agc! of seventeen years, when, with a grow-
ing dislike for farming, he went to Erie county,
Pennsylvania, and learned the trade of making
shoes; accomplishing his purposes, he then re-
moved to I'ittstield, Warren county, and after
working as a journeyman for a brief period, he
opened a shoe store, to which he later addtMl
general merchandise. In llS(')3lu' was appointed
agent of the I'liiittdelphia & Erie Pailroad and
held the ollice lor ten years. In 1873, Mr.

HISTORY OF OliEGON.

1139

Lock\v(;od liaviiig become closely identified witli
Pittslield, and representing the city in many
of the town otliccs, sold his business interests
and settled in Xorthfi(^ld, Minnesota, where lie
conducted mercantile interests until 1870, wlien
he removed to the Pacific coast, seeking a more
salubrious climate for his wifc; fhe;-, in tailing
health. They stopped ie. Colusa City, (Jali-
fornia, for one year, and then came on to Ore-
gon, locatinir at lioseburu;, tem|)orarily, but
more perjoanenth in Eugene in 1878, t(j give
his children tlie benefit of the university edu-
cation, flo purchased 320 acres of land, two
miles southwest of town and followed farming
abo'jt three years, and then sold his farm and
foUowed steam- saw injjf and threshing during
♦iie season until 1884, when lie retired to farm-
ing, purchasing 3()0 acres twelve miles nortli of
Eugene, and remained there until 1891, wlien
he moved to town and built a comfortable home
west of Eugene on Fifth street, where he now
resides.

He was married in 1848 to Miss Barbara
Dalrympio, of I'ittsfield, who died in 1870,
leaving three children: Minnie, nowthe widow
of G. S. Washburn; Elma, Mrs. W. F. Eakin;
Charles E., Assistant I'nited States District At-
torney of Eugene. Mr. Lockwood is a Repub-
lican, l)Ut has been inactive in politics during
his life in Oregon, lie has attended faithfully
to the duties of liis business, and has the respect
of all his fellow-citizens.

^-^-l^*

iLPIIONSE E. LA KOCQUE, a native son
of Marion county, (Jregon, was born De-
cemlter 25, 1858. His paternal ancestors
were French people, and were early settlers of
Canada. His fatlier, G. La Kocque, was l)orn
in Chambly. now a part of the city of Mon-
treal, Canada, in the year 1820, and when he
was sixteen years of age went to St. Louis. Mis-
souri. He was soon afterward employed by
the Hudson's Hay Company, and served in the
capaeitv of trapper, hunter and guide in the
Rocky mountains for five years. Ho returned
to St. Louis, and from there went to Chicago,
where he wiu-ked for a year, and recieved for
llis services fifteen acres of land, in what is now
the heart of the city. Soon afterward he sold
the property for $1,50(1, and in 1875 represent-
atives of the property visited him in Oregon to
have their title correcti^d. He ijuit-claiined to

them. Not long after this the contestants came
to Oregon, and offered him ^10,000 to (juit-
claim to them.

,\fter si'lling his Chicago projierty he came,
in 1839, to the Snake river country, then con-
sidered a part of Oregon. Here he was en-
gaged with the fur company till 184t). That
year he came to the Willamette valley and .mot-
tled at lintteville, in Marion county. Upon the
discovery of gold in California he took passage
at I'ortland on the brig, Henry, for San Fran-
cisco. When they got outside the bar at the
('olumbia river the passengers were ordered be-
low, a!id all the officers deserted the ship. One
of the passengers took command of the brig,
and after ninety-three days they landed at San
Francisco. He mined on the American and
Feather rivers, took out in less than a year
about §20,000, and returned to Buttevillo with
about §12,000. He then engaged in the mer-
cantile business with F. X. Mathieu and J. B.
Fiette, and later John Harvey became a partner
with them. They built the Imperial Flouring
Mills at Oregon City, the second mill built in
the county, the first liaving been washed away.
This Mr. Harvey was a son-in-law of Dr. John
McLoughlin. For a number of years Mr. La
Roc([ue and his partners liad an extensive trade,
and were among tlie most prominent business
in the Territory. In 1856 he purchased the
donation claim of Alexander Auberclieud, and
also the claim of Joseph La Forte, in all about
800 acres. Ujion a j)art of this prop-
erty a portion of Butteville now stands. In
1876 he made a trip to Colorado for his health.
The change, however, did not prove beneficial,
and he started to return to Oregon, but died on
his way, at Oakland, California. He had mar-
ried Miss A. C. Clock, a native of New York,
who '.'ame to Oregon in 1853, and they had five
children, three sons and two daughters, only
two of whom are now living. George (\ died
ill November, 1890, in his thirty-fourth year.
Hattie M. married Mr. W. T\ Arthurs, a jjrom-
inent business man of Washington. Eugene S.
died in his twenty-first year, and one child died
in infancy. The wife and mother died in 1882.

Their son, Alplionse E., was educated in the
pul)lic schools at Oregon City and at the Bishop
Scott Academy. After his father's death, and
the youngest child became of agi', he purchased
000 acres of the Marion county estate anil 900
acres in Yam Hill county, and has since de-
vott;d his time and attention to thy cultivation

1130

HISTORY OF OllSaON

1111(1 iin)>roveiTient of this \iiliiiililc property.
lie is doinir (renci-al fiiriniiit; oi\ a lai'ijo seale,
raising f^riii") '"ly- ^w^ifi and etandai'd-lired tiot-
tiiif^ li(irs('8. lie is a yoiiiiif man oi' more tlian
(irdinary enterjirise and ability. I'oliticAJly, ho
affiliates with tiie Democratic party.

lEOlUiE R. LASH, the ol)liu;ingand pleas-
ant City Kecorder and Polic-e .liidife of
I'eiulleton, wa-; hoi'ii in ISt. John's, Xew-
funndland, April 4, 1862, His father, (ieorge
l.ahh, was a iiatix e-horn American, who went to
Xewfoiiiulland, where he married Miss Alarion
Page, a native of Ireland. Mr. Lash died in
St. tlohn's at tlie age of forty-two, when liis son
was a email hoy. His mother came to New
■^'ork, and is now a resident of that city.

Our snhject received his education in the
common schools of f^t. John's and the Methodist
College at lielfast, Ireland, from which institu-
tion he tcraduated in 1887. After he tinished
his education, Mr. Lash hecame a sailor and
joined the mercantile marine service in the
Shakespeare line of Liverpool, hoarding the
ship. Desdemona, sister ship to Othello, and
eailed for four years, goinj:; round the world
three times, lie visited evei'y port on the con-
tinent. He saw the Zulus of Africa, and was
in Africa at the time of the killing of Prince
Impci'ial; saw the spear with which he was
killed. He also saw the Zulu chief with three
of his wives.

Mr. Lash left the ship at Astoria, Oregon,
after he had finished his four years on the ocean
wave. During this time he rose to the position
of third mate of the vessel. He was not con-
tent to remain on land, so went aboard a steam-
boat, and worked there for two years, but l)y
that time, becoming tired of the life of a sailor,
he left the boat and engaged in railroad work
for the < >regon, liio Grande it Union Railroad
Company, working as hrakenian for a short
time, whtm he was jiromoted to the position of
conductor on the construction train. He ran
the first train along the line of the I'nioii Pa-
cific railroad, from Cmatilla Junction to Hamil-
ton and also the first train into ('cnterville, on
the Sp<ikan(' & Pendleton branch, but met
with the misfortune of losing his left hand, so
was obliged to retire from the service of the
railroad, and come to Pendleton, which city he

entered in 1889. Soon after his arrival he was
elected City Recorder of Pendleton and Police
.Indge, was reelected in ISDl, and no doubt
can retain these offices as long as he cares to,
so general is the satisfaction with his work.
He is a very obliging young man, with a kind,

Eleasaiit word for any one and every one. Mr.
,ash is a meinberof K of P., in which he is Past
M. E. Although Mr. Lash has suffered all the
hardshijis of ocean life, he is an induEtrioiis,
sober young man.

Mr. Lash was married February, 1885, to
Miss Clara Hopper, of Union county, a native-
born Orcgonian. Her parents, Joseph and Ada
Hopper. wer(> among the early ])ioneei'5 of Ore-
gon, having crossed the plains at early day.
Mr. and Mrs. Lash have one little girl, (yeorgia
Lash, born November, 1885.

,DAM S KIGHTLIXGER, one of the
worthy jiioneer settlers of Oregon, is a
native of Crawford <'oiinty, Pennsyl-
vania, born September 2(!, 182;!, a son of I. aac
and Elizabeth (Conroid) Kightlinger. also Penn-
sylvaiiians by birth, and descendants from good,
old (ierman stock; they had born to them a
family of thirteen children, four soi>:, and a
daughter, still surviving. Adam S. was reared
in the Keystone State, and in his youth learned
the carpenters' trade. In 185(1 he went to Illi-
nois, and thence, in IS.jS, came to California. He
worked at his trade fo)- n year, receiving SO per
day, and !?12 for Sabbath labor. Wearying of
the drought and dust of California he started
for Oregon, April 8, 1854; arriving in Port-
land, he found that hamlet little more than a
muilhole. so he came to Salem, and was favor-
ably impressed with appearaucys. He decided to
make this his home, and purchased S(jine lots
near the (.'ongregational cluirch, on which he
built a dwelling. At the end of twelve years,
however, he went to Albany, arid was engaged
inmerchandising there. Under this employment
his avordupois increased so alarmingly that he
was obliged to take more active e.xercise than
that business afforded. He returned to Salem,
and resumed his trade, assisting in building
nearly a ((uarter of the structures that now
stand in the city.

Mr. Kightlinger has always been an ardent
advocate of tempcrftnce, and fo; nearly twenty

«,

HISTORY OF OliKOOX.

1131

yenrs was a iiieiiibci' of the (lidiKl Tfiiiplars. For
all these years of lalior he has tiie satisfiietioii
of lielieviiiir that ho saved one man from a
clriinkai'd's frrave — an ahiuidaiit reward.

lie was united in marriage January 3, 185(5,
to Miss JIary J. Haiiey, a native of Maples,
Illinois, and to them have lieen horn nine chil-
dren, iive sons and a daughter are still living:
Elmer, Ellsworth, Elhideu, Clarion, Ulysses
Grant and Schuyler Colfax. The deceased are:
Athelia, Izadore, and AValter. In his political
convietions Mr. Kightlinger formerly aHiliated
with the JJemocratic party; hut during tlie
great civil war, when he saw such numbers of
the Democracy arrayed against the Union, he
came over to the Republican ranks. He was
bold in denouncing the Jtebellion and all its
sympathizers, thereby making some dangerous
enemies, but possessed of the courage of his
convictions he stood by his colors in the face of
ojjposition. IIo has now nearly reached the
biblical three-score years and ten, but is hale
and strong of body and mind. He has been a
man of the strictest 1)n8ines8 methods, and
while he has not accumulated a fortune, ho has
ft good dwelling house and a nice little farm,
which he is setting to hops. Ilis beloved wife,
the partner of his sorrows and joys for thirty-
seven years, still abides with him, and they are
spending their declining years in peace and
comfort, in the home wliicii their industry has
lirovided, honored and respected by a wide cir-
cli! of acquaintance.

[IIOMAS BENTON KILLIN, a repre-
sentative and well-known Oreron pioneer
^ of 1^4:5, was born in Springfield, Illi-
nois, May 10, 1830.

Flis fatli-^r, John K'illin, was horn in Penn-
sylvania, in 1792, and his mother, Frances
(t'lam) Killin, in 181;i. They removed to
Illinois, where Mr. Killiu was superintendent
of the construction of tho Illinois & Michigan
Canal. In 1.SJ2 they went to Iowa, and pur-
chased land, and farmed there until the sjiring
of 18-15, when they crossed the plains to (Ore-
gon, bringing with them the following named
children: Martha, who afterward married Field-
ing Jones, anil had four children, is ik.w de-
ceased; Thomas I'enton, now a prominent law-
yer in I'cirtlund; and (.rcorge W., who lias a pait

of the iionu' place. They were from April to
October in crossing the j)lains. While on the
Platte river they were corraled by the Indians,
but the present of an ox purchased their release.
They left their teams at the Dalles, and
made rafts, and on them came to the Cascades.
After getting past the latter place, they came in
boats down the river, and wintered on theTual-
itin plains. From there they ".ant to Linn
county, and took a donation claim, and raised a
cro]) in the summer of 184(5, their nearest
neighbor being then twelve miles away. Ne.vt,
they removed to a place near (iervais, in Marion
county, and in March, 1847, they came to the
donation claim in Clackamas county, on which
T. 1)., and another of their sons now reside.
They traded a yokc^ of oxen for 640 acres of
choice land, the oidy improvemont on it being
a cabin. This property now has two tine farm
residences upon it, and is worth §35,000. Hero
the honorccl father lived and jirospered for
twenty years. His death occurred in October,
1807. Pie was a thoroughly honest and reli-
able man; was a Democrat before the war;
knew Abraham Lincoln at Springfield, became
a Republican, and was a strong Union man.
His widow still survives him, now \:\ her sexiity-
ninth year, beloved by all who know her.

Thomas Benton was the t!iird-l)orn in his
father's family, and was six vars old w'hen ho
arrived in Oregon. He was sent to the primi-
tive district schools of Clackamas county, until
he W!is sixteen years of age, when he struck out
to mfike his own way in the world. When the
great civil war was inaugurated he became deep-
ly interested in the cause of the Union, and
when the call for volunteers became most
urgent, in 1803, he enlisted April 21, in Com-
pany (t, First Oregon Cavalry. They served a
year at F^ort Vancouver, was afterward stationed
among the Snake Indians, and in April, 186(5,
he was honorably discharged, having been pro-
moted to F'irst Sergeant.

Returning to his home, Mr. Killin purchased
a fourth-section of the doiuition claim from his
father. December 3, 18(57, he married Miss
M. A. Adair, who was born in Illinois, January
8, 1849, daughter of William R. Adair. The
Adair family came "West in 1862. After their
marriage Mr. and Mrs. Killin began life on the
farm, where they have since lived. In 1880 ha
built a tine frame residence, and from time to
iime has made other imj)rovements, developing
his farm into one of the best in his county, if

1133

iirsrouY OF oregon.

f I'fl I

not the lost in the State. Mr. and Mrs. Killin
Imve two cliiklren: May, wifo of Walhice Dii-
raiit, rt'sidt's at Woodbiirii; and Ronton, wlio is
at sohool.

Mrs. Killin is a inoinlicr of tlie <'oiifrreii;a-
tioiial Church. Politically, Mr. Killin is a
stanch Uopulilicaii. He is an cntcriirisiiij/ and
capable citi/.i'n, and he and his faiiiily arc highly
esteemed by all who know them.

;ILLIAM WILHERT LEVIS, a sncccss-
ful and eminently esteemed farmer of
Yam Hill county, was born ill Pennsyl-
vania, February 2, 1850. His father, Mitfin
Levis, and several of his ancestors, were also na-
tives of the Keystone State. His father married
Miss I^ucinda McCurdy, a native of the same
State, and they had nine children, eight of whom
ai'e now living. In 1857 he and his family
removed to Iowa, then anew country and sparse-
ly settled, and the parents have ever since con-
tinued to reside there.

The subject of our sketch was the second
child, and early worki'd on the farm, attending
the district school a little, but had very liiniteil
opportunities for acquiring an education, and
has received most of his knowledge in the hard
school cif experience.

When but sixteen years of age he liegan life
for himself, and when twenty-three years old
had saved very little money. IlavMig by this
time heard of the marvelous opportunities in
Oregon, of the mild climate and productive soil,
and large donations of land to actual settlers,
he determined to avail himself of them, and,
accordingly, in 1873, came to Yam Hill county,
believing it to be the best county in the State.

He began as a farm hand, receiving better
wages than he had been getting in the East. He
worked and saved fur two years, and then rented
300 acres of land of Mr. A. C. Martin. The
secdiid year he sowed 300 acres of grain, and
realized about A-i,000 for it. This gave him a
start, and was wonderfully encouraging, demon-
strating fully the excellent possibilities of farm-
ing in Oregon.

Ill Marcli, 1876, he was happily married to
Miss Eliza Martin, the daughter of Mr. A. C.
Martin, hikI a native of Illinois. She proved to
be an etlicient hel[)iiiate, and aided him in all
his fcfjbrtsat home snd fortune making.

In 1878 he purchased 183 acres of land, lo-
cated three and a half miles northeast of Mc-
Minnville. They moved onto this new prop-
erty, and have since continued to reside on it,
expending much labor and care in its cultiva-
tion. He has just coinmenci-d to make im-
provements on it, which are destined to much
enhance the value of the property. lie has
since purchased an additional forty acres, imme-
diately adjoining, making a large and valuable
farm, which, nnder his able management, has
become oiu' of the best in the county.

Mr. and Mrs. Levis have four children: El-
bert Marion, A. C, Willie and Jessie, all of
them intelligent, and reflecting credit on the
State of their nativity.

Air. Levis is an independent Democrat, and
takes an active interest in the ofHces of the
school in his district, and has served four years
as School Director. He appreciates fully the
advantages of education, and intends that his
children sliall have better opportunities for ac-
quiring useful knowledge than he himself pos-
sessed in his youth.

He is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F.
in both of Its branches, and also belongs to the

A. o. r. W.

He and his worthy wife have exeinjilified what
intelligent and persistent eft'orts can accomplish
when ajiplicd to the fruitful and responsive soil
of this, the most productive of States. Honest,
kiiKlly iind intelligent, they are held in very
great esteem by the community in which they
reside, and are eminently worthy of their pros-
perity.

ENJAMIN F. LEWIS, a widely known
and esteemed Oregon pioneer of 1852, is
,,, a native of Hart county, Kentucky, where
he was born October 2(). 1832. His father,
Edward W. Lewis, born in Kentucky, came of
an old and prominent Virginia family. Great-
grandfather Edward Lewis, moved from the Old
Dominion to Kentucky in the early settlement
of the latter State, where he was well and favor-
ably known as a man of ability and energy.
The father of the subject of our sketch married
Mies Mary O. Maxey, an estimable lady, and a
native of his own State. She was descended
from an i)l<l and respected N'irginia family, and
H daughter of James Maxey, a iijan of mark in

wmm

IirSTOIiV OF OliKdON.

lUW

liis time. Tliey had six cliildren, four of whom
arc living, our subject heiiig the secoiifl in order
of birtii. His mother died Juno 27, 1849.
greatly hiniented by her family and friends, to
whom nlie had endeared herself ijy her amia-
hility and intelligence. Jlis father survived her
but » short time, expiring in the following Sep-
tember, in the midst of his family and friends,
who universally mourned his loss.

Thus, at the age of seventeen years, the sub-
ject of our sketch was dej)rived of parental care
or protection, and early learned to rely upon
himself. The following spring, immediately
succeeding his parents' death, he went to Illi-
nois, where he worked for a couple of years at
anything he could find to do, when he secured a

Sosition with a party going to Oregon. He
rove an ox team for his board, and with an ox
whip on his shoulder, made most of the journey
across the plains on foot. This \vas the yc^ar
when eliolera was e|)ideniic, and the way was
lineil with newly made graves, but aside from
the usual hardships, this party came through all
right. They arrived at the balles August 17.
When they reached the Cascade falls, a little
wooden railroad had been built, to carry the
effects of the emigrants around the falls. The
car was drawn by a mule teiim. This, Mr.
Lewis rented, and successfully ran it \mtil the
following spring, making considerable money.

lie then went to Fuget sound, where he did
carpenter work. In the spi'ing of ISoS, he went
to Dillingham bay, where he received the ap-
])oiiitment of Assessor of \Vhatcom county, and
it was while serving in this capacity that he
raised the dispute between America and En-
gland, by assessing the Hudson's Hay Company's
property, on the disputed island of San Juan,
in ruget sound, which was later settled, by ar-
bitration, in favor of the United States.

The Indian war breaking out at this time,
Mr. Lewis enlisted, and was elected First Lieu-
tenant of the Volimteer Company of Washington
Pioneers, and part of the time had coujiiiand of
his company. He participated in a number of
battles, every one of which was a victory for the
whites.

After the war he came to Yam Hill county,
where he purchased 100 acres, located two miles
south of Dayton, which he improved with sub-
stantial buildings and higlily cultivated, ren-
dering it in time a very valuable farm. He
farmed" it for thirty yeai's, when, in 1890, he
sold it very profitably, and purchased lots in
71

Dayton, on which he built a good residence, in
a desirai)le location, where he now resides.

In 1854 he married Miss Elizalieth dohnson,
a native of Alissouri, a highly estimable lady,
and a daughter of Dr. C. M. Johnson, a re-
spected pi(jneer of 184"). She has ever since
been his faithful partner, sharing his sorrows
and joys with the same amiability and fidelity.
They have two children, John C. and Leroy,
both born in Yam liill county, and both intol-
liirent native sons of Oregon. John was edu-
cated in the public schools and at the State
University, and lias been engaged in teaching
for the past twelve years. Leroy is a graduate
of the State Normal School, and has been en-
gaged >n teaching, and at present (1892) io
Democratic candidate for School Superintendent
of Yam Hill county.

Mrs. Lewis is a worthy member of the Chris-
tian Chuich, and is an ardent worker and liberal
contributor toward its support.

Mr. Lewis is politically a Democrat, the prin-
ciples of which |»arty he indorses, as ap[)earing
to him the most comuu'udable. His constitu-
ents have honored him with public office, elect-
ing'him to the position of County Commissioner,
in which capacity he gave universal satisfaction.
He was one of theoi'ganizi'rs of the (i range, and
served for some time as is Master. Of great
probity, liberal-minded and progressive, uni-
formly courteous and obliging, ho enjoys the
esteem of all his fellow-citizens.

IlLLIAM C. MfKAY, M. D., a native
of Oregon, was born in Astoria, March
18, 1824, of Canadian birtli on his
fatlmr's side, and Indian on his mother's. His
father, John McKay, was a native of Canada,
who came to Astoria at a very early day, and
there married an Indian maiden of the('hinook,
a niece of the ol.l chief. Corn Comly. The grand-
father of our subject. Alexander McKay, was
also a native of Canada, and one of the early
explorers of the Pacific coast, it being supposed
at that time that there was some channel which
connected the two great oceans. A largo sum
of money had been offered by the IJritish gov-
ernment 'for the discovery of that passage, and
Mr. McKay at that time was the clerk of a
ship that was exjdoring for the chamu'l for the
Northwestern Fur Company. He was familiar

1184

ursrnnr of oreoon.

with the lIudsDirB liay Coinntiny, ami when
they discovered the elianiii'l Mr. McKay iiiiide
liiK way to Now Vork mid reported the fact lo
John .lacoli Astor. A company was iinniedi-
atcly formed, composed of two of the Stewarts,
JoliM .lacoli Abtor and Mr. McKay. 'I'ho hitter
was sent Imck iind Ujcated at Aatoria as a trading
post, and made it hits lieadcpiarti'rs, and was for
many years connected with tiie com])any. Aiter-
warii iiis Son, Joiin, came on to .Vstoria and
married the Indian fj;irl, as before stateil. After
the birth of our subject he moved to Vancouver
island, .\bont tiiis time there was a man by
the name of John J^ell, wiio Inid been sent out
from Hoston to open up schools. He estab-
lished one at \'aneonver, and there the Doctor
received liis first education. *IIis father in-
tended to send liim to Scotland to completi^ it,
and started there with the boy; however, he
stopped in New York with a friend by the name
of Dr. "Whitney, and the latter persuaded Air.
McKay to place liis son in a New York school
to receive an American education, tellinc; him
that if Ids son should be educated abroad he
would receive ideas which would interfere with
his love for his native country; therefore Mr.
McKay left his son with his friend. J)r. Whit-
ney, in lS38,and lie placed him in the Fairfield
Academy, from which he (graduated in IS-iii.
On account of his youth, beini^ then only nine-
teen years old, a diploma could not be given
bin), but he received an hf)norary certificate
which promised iiim that if he returned when
lie became of age, the diploma would be given
him. Our subject then returned and estab-
lished himself at Oregon City. About this
time the Willamette College was opened at
Salem, and he attended that school and received
from it his diploma of M. I). Returning to
Oregon City, he went into co-partnership with
old Dr. A[cI,oughlin, with whom he practiced
until the first gold discovery. .\t this time he
engaged, in mining and pr<i8|iecting, and in
company with others discovered the Trinity
gold mine. Tliere they workei] for some time,
but were not able to open up the mir? with
success, and had to abatidon the claim, whicli
turned out to be very ri(di afterward. Our
subject then returned to Oregon City, and in
1851 came to eastern Ori'gon and located near
the present site of Pendleton. lie had a per-
mit as Indian trader, and establishe(l a trading
post on McKay creek, remaining in tiiis busi-
ness until tlie war with the luuians in 18o5-'oG.

At this time the Indians burned everything,
and roblied him of all he jiossessed. Follow-
ing this our subject was employed by the Gov-
ernment as a guide, and continued in that
capacity until the close of the Indian war, after
which lu' established a furnishing store to snp-
]ily emigrants, and continued in this business
until 18(11. At that time President Lincoln
ai)])ointed him Indian Doctor at the Umatilla
Agency, which position he has filled ever since,
with the e.xeeption of the four years of Presi-
dent Cleveland's administration, "resident IJn-
colii was the lirst pri'sident to give an Indian an
army appointment. At the time that the treaty
with the I'matilla Indians was made. Dr. Mc-
Kay was appointed as agent to get the signa-
tures f(jr tlie sale of the lands to the l.'nited
States. The Indians became very hostile to
him for accej)ting this position, when they be-
gan to realize that when they made their mark
it meant that their land was gone. lie was ap-
pointed on tile Pension Examining Hoard of
Umatilla county, when that body was organized.
He has a claim against the l/nited States for
$19,000, for the (lestruction and loss of liis
property at the time of the Indian war. During
the Rebellion he was an Assistant Surgeon, and
now is a member of the Kit Carson Post at
i'endleton. lie is also a member of the Ma-
sonic order, and of the I. O. ( ). F.

Dr. McKay was marrieil, in 18()5, to Miss
Margaret Campbell, born in Manitoba, and they
have three living children; Thomas, James and
Lilla, the latter being a teacher in the school at
the agency. The Doctor belongs to the Astoria
trilie, but had a transfer to the Umatilla tribe
in order to get his allotniiMit of land. He now
has 100 acres in the reservation, and owns his
residence in Pendleton. He is a very radical
Republican, believing that that party lias done
more for his kindred, the red men, than has
any other party.

^EORGE T. McGIlATH, a successful mer-
\\Slf '^'"^"'' ^^ i'aker City, was born in Trenton,
\ffP. (irundy county, Alissouri, September 2(1,
1801, and is' the only child born to William II.
and (.ucy J. (Wisdom) McGrath. Mr. Mc-
Grath removed to California when our subject
was only two years old, and settleil in Susahville,
that State, and stayed there until 1804, when he

n I STORY OF ORKGOn.

1085

wont to Corvallis, Oregon, and engiij;eii in the
boot and tilioo huf^iness, liut only reniiiined tliero
a short tiino and tlien removed to Vancouver, and
engaged in tlie biisines^ol' inaniit'actnrinj; boots
and shoos. Hero he wad appninted |)cpiity
Sheriff of that comity, and served until 1809,
when he moved back to Trenton, Missouri.

Our subject graduated from the high school
of Trtmton in i88((. and engaged in clerking
in a store until 1889, when ho removed to lea-
ker City, Oregon, where he took up his father's
line of business. He is the oidy boot and shoe
merchant in the city, and in addition carries a
line of clothing. The stock of the tbriner is
estimated as being worth S7,000 and the latter
$3,000. Ilis a\ ei-age sales have been from §10,-
000 to §15,000 per year, llo is a very genial
and accommodating young man. anil is a great
favorite among his patrons, both old and young,
in Maker City and surrounding districts, where
he has (juite a large trade.

Mr. Mc(irath commenced his present busi-
ness on iiKiney he had obtained by his own
economy and industry while clerking, and he
now has one of the first as well as largest stores
in Baker City. He is a member of the K. of P.,
in which he is very |)ro)ninent. Mr. McGrath
is a second cousin of Mr. J. T. Wisd(jin and .1.
W. Wisdom, botli wealthy and inllueiitial gen-
tlemen, well known throughout the State of
Oregon.

tOLLISTER I). McGUIRE, a prominent
and public spirited citizen of I'ortland.
Oregon, is one of that State's native sons,
having been born in the city of his residence on
August 18, 1808. His father, Francis Mc(Tuire,
is an honored and worthy pioneer of the State.
He was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, on
July 4. 1810. His father, Josiah Mc(tuire,
served his country as a colonel in the war of
1812. while his grandfather, James McGuirc,
came from Scotland about tlie year 1740, bring-
ini; with him his wife and two children, and
settled in the Colony of Virginia, where .several
generations of the family were born. The
family owned a large plantation, and were promi-
nent Virginians for many years. When Fran-
cis McGnire became a man be was for five or
six years engaged in business on the Mississippi,
river, until the malaria of the swamps of that
region affected his health. He then removed to

Burlington, Iowa, in 1840, engaging in mer-
cantile business there. In 1842 he was married
to Miss Arvilla (Jreen, of Buffalo, New Vork.
He continued in busii.ess in Burlington, Iowa
until 1851, when a renewed failure of health
warned him to seek a more genial climate.
Coiise(|uently, with his wife and four children,
he crossed the plains to Oregon, arriving in
I'ortland in 1852, purchasing, in the following
year, a farm in Washington county, where he
resided until 185."), when he mov<'d to the city
of I'ortland. Here he was actively engaged in
business for fifteen years, doing in that time a
large amount of the contracting and building of
tlu^ city. In this business he met with signal
success, becoming by his energy and pnl)lic-
spiritedness, a jirominent factor in the jiublic
enterjjrises of tlie metropolis. Among other
things, he took an active part in the organization
of the A[echiiuics" Fair, the first entei'|)ris(^ of
the kind in the State, out of which has grown
the |)re8ent association and the K.\|iosition
Building. In 1871, before much had been
done in East I'oitland, he removed there, pur-
chasing twenty acres, and built upon this land
in the vicinity of Eighteenth and I street. The
correctness of his judgment has been aiii])ly
proved by the snhseijneiit rapid growth of the
city, the property doubling itself in value.
There he resided, actively engaged in business,
until his old disease of ague attacked him, when,
after four years of suffering, endured with heroic
fortitude, he finally breathed his last on the 13th
of January, 18711, in his sixty-ninth year of
age. Ho was mbnrned as an upright citizen, a
faithful and loving husband, and a kind, indul-
gent father. His widow ami four children had
the sympathy of the community in their be-
reavement. Eliza, the eldest child, liecamo the
wife of Mr. J. M. Murphy, editor of the Washing-
ton Standard, published at Olympia. The three
sons are ^vortlly and reliable business men of
Portland. The other sons are: H.P. and W. W.,
each havinir families of their own. The mother
is still living, respected and esteemed by all.

'I'lic subject of our sketch was raised and edu-
cated in the city of Portland, where he has al-
ways since resided. He learned the trade (jf a
decorator and painter, which business he carried
on for about eight years. He did the work of
that kind on the Pnitarian chnrch and otlier
buildings. In 1870 he turned his attention to
the real-estate business, in which he has since
continued, He has both invested for himself

1IS0

BISTORT OF OREaON.

Mini liiid out ]ii'o|)erty '"r otlit'r.-*. jn iiicipally on
llio Ciifil siilc, ami iiioht of it Kciii;; inside jiro]i-
crty. He |iliittccl anil sold the Kli/ahi'tli Irviiio;
Addition, wliirli <iontaiii> I'orty acres, and which
is now all Ipuilt on. having' n<inu' of tin; hand-
somest honscs on tiiu cast side. lie also
liandl(Ml tl'o ucnwortliy Addition, anil tiiu linn-
lU'llV Addition, both now in tlie heart of thu
city. Lots wliieh he lioiight for $500 jiavu 1)C-
conif woi'th !?"2,oOO. He is also nianafjor of the
I telnioshover Addition, and is half owner of the
I'^ast i'ortland Ilciifhts, hoth hoing elio;il)|o resi-
denco projiurtv. The avci'age [)rici' of lots is
from iffiOO to !5MI0 and sl,0O().

Mr. ^Ic(iiiireis. |)oIiticaIly, a Democrat; and is
n mi'Milierof the Masonic fraternity.

He has heen twice married, haviufr the niis-
fortiiiu^ to lose his first wife and child. In 18S2
he married Miss Kate Stuart, a native of .\r-
l<ansas, a daughter (d' Mr. J. I.. Stnnrt. Tlu^y
have i'onr children, all horn in Portland, vi/.:
8ilva S., .\r\illa 1'., Francis L. and llollisterK.

A[r. AfcCiuire has always been deejdy inter-
ested in the welfare of his city and State. The
ffrowth and welfare of the city of his birth have
alway> been matters of jiersonal interest to him,
and possessinj^ foresight and bnsiness ability, he
has aided her materially in hor march to opu-
lence and fame.

mi^

•^o '•^''

II. l.KWIS, the capable and efHcient
yardmaster of the yards at T'ondleton,
^ of the < )regon & Washington Territory
Railroad, is the subject of this l)rief notice. He
was horn in Marion county, ( )regon, January "Jl,
IS-i."). and is one of the first white children born
in the State. His father, Reuben Lewis, was
born in Tompkins county, New York, in 1814,
and was married in Oregon to Miss Mary A.
Fra/.iei', a native of .North Carolina. The occu-
pation of ilr. Lewis, Sr., was farming and stock-
raising, and he crossed the plains in 1842, being
in the first train of eiiiij^rants that cros.sed the
plains. Only two of his cotnpany yet survive,
and they are, as far as can be determined, ('aj)-
tain Mos>, of Oregon City, and !•'. X. Mathies,
of Hutteville. Oregon. .Mr. Lewis settled at
Oregon City, whent his mari'iage occurred, and
reside<l on a donation claim until his death,
which occiired in 1889, when lie wa.s seventy-

two years of agi-. His faithful wife and help-
mate died in lS(i2, when only thirl v-»ix years
id' age.

Our subject was the eldest son ami (diild of
the family. He only received aconniion-schuol
education, and after linishing his stu<lies at the
school of the neighliorhood, he learned I lie pro-
fession of the |)hotographer and followed it nntil
180;-{, when he enlisted March 2:i. in the United
States Army, Company 1,, l''ir>t Oregon Cav-
alry, and served three years. Although ho en-
listed as a private, he was discharged as a First
Sergeant ot his company. He was in several
battles with the Indians, one of them occurring
at Crooked Rivers May 18, 18(^)4, and also had
some engagements with the Snake tribe. At
the close of his army service, during which time
ho ac(|nittcd himself bravely and honorably, he
returned home, took up his profession and fol-
lowed it for twelve years. Since that time he
has been employed by the railroad in different
cajjacities. At present he is in charge of the
yards at Pendleton, and has gained the esteem
of his employei's, the Oregon & "Washington
Territory Railroad.

Mr. Lewis was married January 1, l>»t57, to
Miss Marie J)ibble, also a native of Oregon,
born in 1850, daughter of ILtrace and Julia
iJihble, yet living. Mrs. Lewis is also the niece
of Senator George D. Wright, of l)eni.son, Iowa.
Mr. and Mrs. Lewis have two boys, Mark Twa'ii
and Re.\ Wayne. Mr. Lewis is a Mason, both
blue lodge and chapter, and, politically, he is a
Kepidilican. He has .served very efficiently as
Justice of the Peace, and was Postmaster at
Dundee for the period of three years. .Mr. and
Mrs. Lewis enjoy the esteem and respect of a
large circle of friends and acquaintances.

jP|KNJAMIN F. LINN, a pioneer fanner
sP) "'"^ lumberman of ClacKamas county,
*e!^ Oregon, was born in the State of Illinois,
April 15, 184ti. He is descended from ances-
tors who were among the early settlers of Penn-
sylvania.

Phillip Linn, his father, was born in Penn-
sylvania, and in early life moved to Kentucky.
In the latter State he was married to Mies Ma-
hala McDannald, a Kentucky lady, and in 1832
they settled in Illinois. They had a family of
twelve children. The wife and mother died in

lirsTOkV Oh' OUKOON.

1137

farmer

county,

Illinois,

111 ances-

of Penn-

IM5H, iiml in IS'iU Mr. Linn > urriud (ij;iiin. In
1S(!5, with lii^ wifu iiiiil iil Ium cliililri'ii. Iiu
crossed tlio ])liiins to Orc^'Hi, making!; tlif joiir-
iicy in tlie iibuiil way, wilii o.x teams. ( *iie of
the daiiij:liter8, Martlia, and her IiiisIjuihI, Jonn-
tlian Loiinlierg, died on tiu' plaiiLs iiii<l were
liiiric(i hy tiie wayj^ide, lie dying of consumption,
and siio of mountain fever. After live montiis
and eighteen duys tiic Liiin family reached their
destination at I'^ai^lc creek in ('liickanias county.
Witli his oldest son, W. T., Mi', l.inn |)urchaacd
a section of land and hnilc a gristmill. On
ihis property the father livc^l iiiid iahorod until
1888, wlieii death called him to liis last home.
lie was in iudustrions ami npriirht man, and
was a worthy incmhertif the Methodist Church
South. His wife died in 18ttl.

Benjamin F. Linn, the siv i-liorn in his
father's family, was in his iiineteeiith year whci
he arrived in Oregon. On this overland jour-
ney lie drove a lour-inule team all the way. lie
remained with his father until lie was twenty
one. Then he rented a sawmill at Milwaukee
and ran it three years. The following; two years
he fanned on Mill cicek, having purchased land
there, which, at the end "f two years, he sold.
He then bought a sect ion (pf land with a sawmill
on it, and this mill he has since run success-
fully, liavMig added to it a planing niill, and
now utili .ing both water and steam, as occasion
requires. lie has a large local <leniiiiicl for his
lumber. From time to time he has added to
his landed estate, until he is now the owner of
1,800 acres. He gets his KU|iply of timber from
his own land.

December 2(). 186'.t. Mr. Linn- was married to
Miss Susan Noyer, a native of Texas, born Feb-
ruary 22, 1853, dauohter of I'eter Noyer, who
came to Oregon in 1855. Mr. and Mrs. Linn
have had nine children, of whom eight are liv-
ing, as follows: Alfred B., Frances H.. Timothy,
James W'., I'eter I'hillip, Mihla Jane, Earnest
and Hester Ann. Wald died in infancy.

Mr. Linn affiliates with the Democratic party.

tICHAllD BAXTER KXAPP, president
and treasurer of the agricultural imple-
ment firm of Ivnapp, Burrell & Co., of
Portland, Oregon, an enterprising and public-
spirited citizen, was born in (ieneva, Ohio, July
28, ISiiU. His father, Auren Knapp, was a

I nativ(! of ('<^nnecli('Ut, and (le.-cended I'l i Puri-
tan ancestry, from whom he inherited (jualilies
of energy, persuverence and great tenacity of
pur])ose.

in 1817, when twenty-two years of age. An-
j fell ivimpii drove an ox team from Connecticut
' through the wildern(?s8 to < >iuo, accepting;' in de-
fault of cumIi lor eomjien- ■oii.apieci^ td' limber
land near the present villa^'c of (Geneva, 'i'his
he perseveriiigly impnjved, and after complet-
ing the simjile home accommodations of the pio-
neer, he was married in Shetlield, Lorain county.
Ohio, to Miss Sarah Maria llurrell, a native of
MaBsachusetts. They had seven children, of
whom the subject (jf this sketch was the
youngest.

Kichai'd was rear«'d on th<' farm, and his prin-
ciples of honesty, integrity and Justice, were
strengthened by the iniluence of a father, who
was rigorous and exact, and a mother of strong
an<l serious mind. The home circle was imbued
with that religious iniluence which jierxaded the
Puritan home in which his ])arent8 had been
reared.

Iliehard took upon him^. It'al an early agt^ the
light duties of farm life, and his education was
a ctimbination of work and sliuly. attending the
public schools at intervals until he was si^iteen
years of iige. foUo'wed by three years at a high
school; tlnis securing a fair English education.
Completing' his studies in the fall of V858. and
being of an adventurous and entei'prising di.s-
jiosition. he determined to go West. Accord-
ingly, he went to Wisconsin, where lie sjiciit the
winter, and in thespringof 18.")Ustartcd for Ore-
gon, via .\'ew York and the Isthmus of Panama,
to join his lirother. Jabe/. B. Knajip. who emi-
grated to Portland in 1852 and cotninenced busi-
ness there, handling farm products, seeds and
farm implements in a limited way.

In the summer of 1857 M. S. Ihirrcll came
into the house as a cUu'k, and upon the arrival
of U. B. Knap|>, in 1IS.")',I. he also was employed
in a similar jwsition until March 1, iMiO, when
a partnership was foi'iiied between. I. B. K'na|)|i,
M. S. Burrell and U. B. Knapp undt'r the lii'm
name of Knapp, P.uirell tV: Co. From that date
the produce business was gradually closed out,
and more particular attention was given to the
implement business, which was increased with
the growth and developmi'iit of the country.

J. B. Knapp, the founder of the house, a man
widely known and highly respected, having met
with reverses in milling nnd other enterprises.

1139

nrSTORY OF OHKOON.

ri'tinul from tlio firm in lxT(*, anil took up IiIb
residcMc'c on II (iiiii-y t'urni which lie owned on
tlu; ('ohiinl)iii livcT, situiitcd Komo twcrty miles
lielow I'ortliiiitl, where lie has resided ever «ince.,
folhiwiiig nil airrii'liltnriii life.

Since \^'ii) I he time and iittention c>f thetirm
liiis heeii entirely devcited to the fale of farm
machinery, enifines, waijonj* ami veliicleH of
every description. Afr. l^nrrell continued as a
partner in tlie husinesiA until his decease in
April, 188."). Mr. li. H. Knapp, the survivinif
partner, then (irf;;anized a stock company, which
was incorporated in Novemlier, ISS.", under the
corporate title of Knapp, Hurrell vV Co. aiul
eomnnuiced husiiu'ss .laniiary 1, l^SO. Mr.
Knapp has continued as the principal stock-
holder, and has heen ])resident and treaKurer of
the corporation since its or;,'anization.

Jjeginninjf in the days of small things, thein-
tlueiice of the house has attained vast propor
tions, and hesides the ])arent house in Portland,
they have some fifteen liraneh houses located at
the most <lesiralile points throuirhout <)regon
and Washington, hesiiles agencies for the hand-
lino; of their goods at all the jirincipal points in
Oreijon anil Wasliinoton.

Mr. Kmi|ip was nuirried in 8an Fraiu^isco in
18(17 to Miss Minnie .V. K'tutjip, ji daughter of
his eldest lirother's second wife, who lieini;
adopted, assuMU'd the family name. 'I'hey have
one child, Lawrence II., liornJunc I, ISfJi). who
has already identitied himself with the interest
o!' his father's husiness.

Mr. Kiui|pp takes a deep interest in the devel-
opment of his adopted city, and is a genei'ous
eontrihutor to all local enterprises, lie is a
uuMulxM' of the jMasonic order, in which he has
taken all the degrees except that of Knight Tem-
plar, lie is a memhcr of the Scottish Kite,
and lielongs to the Royal Arch and Mystic
Shrine. He has lieen for many years a con-
trihutoi' to all local charities and heiu'volent In-
stitutions, without regard to sect or creed.

[KMl'SKY P. McUA.NIEL, a well-known
resident of the town of Cove, Oregon, is
the suhjwt to whom we call rlie attention
of the readers of this volume. lit was horn in
Macon county, lllinnis. September 'Ju, ls3f.and
was the second son ;iii<i the Infth child of El-
d ridge and I'attie (I'oppi McPaniel. native* of

I.ogaii county, Kentu(d<y, wdio moved to Illinois
It an early day. Mr. MirDaniel was a personal
friend of Ahrahani Lincoln, the latter always
stopping with .Mr. Mehaniel when he came to
Macon county to attend court. The father of
our suhjert was a farmer liy occupation. l'"i)ur
memliers of the family are yet living, hut as the
family has heen so separated, our euliject has
not seen them for nuiiiy years. Two hrothera
reimiin in Macon county, and the oidy sister re-
sides in Kansas.

Our siihjeet received his early education in
Illinois, and this consisted of three weeks' school-
ing at a cost of thii'ty-seven and one-half cents.
This was all, and his cnnsiderahle stock of learn-
ing he has acquired hy his own efforts. His
travel and experience have taught him lessons
he could never have learned from hooks.

At the age of nineteen years, Mr. McDaniel
with his lirother and in company with Captain
Smith, in the spring of 185i5, started to cross
the plains, and for si.\ months and ten days
were on the way, having many narrow escapes
from the Indians, hut fimilly reached their des-
tination without the loss of any of the party.
One of his adventures almost cost him his life.
Having volunteered to go hack to look for some
lost cows with a jiarty of ten ineti, he was an-
nir "id to find that they all backed out from ac-
cepting the dangerous missiwn, and, with the
l)rave fool-hardiness of youth, he went alone, and
was at one time completely surrounded l>y the
Indians, although they for some reason did not
molest or detain him.

After he luid reached California he went right
at mining, working for wages until he h.ad
learned the nuiniie;' of working, and tl'.en set to
work for himself. .\t one time he had !?25,0()0,
hut loaned a friend .S'll.dOO and lost it all. Then
our suhject went at teaming, making money fast
at this husiness. In LSoti he entered the Sacra-
mento valley, honght land and there engaged
in farming, becoming acquainted with W. S.
Pritchard, they togi^ther engaged in the stock
husiness, and for a time conducted this with
great gain, Imt misfortune came to them, they
losing $7,000 worth of hogs in the Hood of ISoS.

Then our suhject removeil to Maryville, and
stari^id a stock-feeding ranch and a trading post,
hut h_v this time his health had hecome j)Oor,
and he s )Id out and quit the liiisiness. This
was ahout the time of the o|)ening of the war, in
1861. and Mr. McDaniel was one of the few men
in that pa 't of California who openly avowed his

■sfMimr

niaroRY of onnaoN.

iuIIhm'i'iicu to tlio OoveriiiiiPiit. A Siinitiiry
Coininissioii was tbi'incil (iiiinMg the loyal men ut'
that [mrt of ( 'alifoiiiia, ainl our Biilijcct wan
cliosiMi as OIK! of the otliccrH. lie |iaiil ifl7A) out
of his own jMK'ki't, and collccteil a larfjc aiiioiiiit
of money from tlii' loyal [U'oplo, uliich lie tor
warded to tlu> Union lio.-j)ital« lor the relief of
tiio Wounded sukliero, and he bbyh that iio in

firoiider of that act than of any other deed of hiw
ifc. Mr. McDaniel lived in Calil'ornia until
187i', then removed to liaker City, Orei^'oii,
V here he met liis old partner, W. S. I'ritchard.
( )iir siilijcet t!ie!i went into the toll-road IniBineRf,
estahlishinf^ a road liy which he made consider-
allo nu)ney. When In- removed to i'.aker City,
it wa.s with the idea of sendinj; his children to
8chool, and in that place lie engaged in the livery
linhiness for three years, then sold it anil rc-
n)oved to (irande Kondc valley, in i'nion
county, near Cnion. Here he honirht land and
engaired in tanning and stock-raising, hut later
Bold the farm and with his son-in-law, H. 1'.
Stewart, bought 400 head of liorscB, which they
drove to Montana and sold. Tlii.s was a suc-
cessful venture, and they followed it by buying
adroveof cattle, shipping thcin to Helena, Mon-
tana, these being the first cattle shipped over the
Northern I'acitic railroad. 'I'liis proved a loss.
After returning home our subject was ap])ointed
a eominissioiier in connection with two others,
to build a road that the State had engaged to
construct, ami ^[r. McDaniels was chosen chair-
man of the Hoard and successfully built the
road. In IHfiy our subject had some thrilling
experiences with the Indians. He had taken
up a claim to a large body of land in Pitt river
valley, right among the wild Modocs. The In-
dians gave him so inuih tr(>id)le that he sold out
and let't the place. Before this he was one day
warned by an old Indian that a raid was going
to be maile upon him, therefore he immediately
took his family into linrgetville, but he returned
all alone to protect his farm and pro|)t'rty. Ilis
only coinpanions were two dogs, fivc^ reliable
guns and revolvers, and plenty of ammunition.
Making jiortholes to his house, he was soon well
fortified, but the Indians disbanded and ilid not
molest him, going back to the reservation. Feel-
ing that this life was too trying on his family,
Mr. McDaniels moved back to Tnion county,
where he has been engaged in farming and stock-
raising ever since, being now Stock Inspector of
Union county, having filled that position for
several years. - -

Our subject wasunirried March. In.",', to Mis»
Anutnila Humus, a natixe of Wisconsin, and
they have a family of four children, namely:
Charles, attendinir colleife at llui.'i'Mr; Sim is at
lioMM' rtilh his I'uthei'. farming; Mrs. 11. I*.
Stewart and Mrs. W. S. I'lilchard. I'lrlitically,
our subject is n strong and tried Kepublican.

fASI'KU NEWTON McKINiNKV, a pio
nee!' of 1^45, and one of Hillsborough's
most substantial liiisiness men, was lidrii in
Di's Moines county. Iowa, hecomber "JO. lS;tS.
His father, William McKinney. was born in
Ohio in 180"J. His grandfather was from Ire-
land, and came to America soon after the Kcvo-
lution. Mr. McKimu'y married Ilenryanna
Walters, and they had six children in Iowa. In
the sjiriiig of 1^44 they staitcd to cross the
]ilains for Oregon with two wagons, drawn by a
sntlicient number of oxen. They remained at
St .losej)h, Missouri, till the following spring,
and then joined a train of 100 wagons, and
started upon their long and perilous jourtiey to
a land then thickly inhabited by Indians and
wild beasts. .lasper was then in his fifth year,
so has but a slight recollection of the journey.
The journey was a safe one, but they suffered
some from shortness of provisions. Wlcn they
came down the Columbia on rafts from the
Dalles and reached Vancouver, they fouiul a
schooner to take them farther on their trip, but
on examination, the boat proved to be unsea-
wortliy, and they were obliged to stop for re-
pairs. As it was cold and raining at Viincouver,
they went into a large tent on the banks of the
river and found large kettles filled with bai-ley
and beef boiling. The hungry women and
children l.i'lpcd themselves out of the kittles.
The woman in the tevt was an Indian, the wife
of a white man. She was very kind and fed
the hungry peojile with beef, bread and tea,
which they greatly enjoyed. After som.' days
spent in repairing, they went on board, '.ni! after
traveling for several days, laiule'l ;.. l''inton in
November, and from there went on to Wash-
ington county. They spen'. the wintt^r near
Glencoe, and lived almof,t entirely on lioiled
wheat, ])Otatoes and meat. Mr. .Alclvinnej'. Sr.,
took a donation claim of G40 acres of land and
built a log house on it. He farmed the land
until the gold excitement of lS4',t, when he

1140

lUSTOUY OF OBBOON.

■Jfi'l

.;ir ! !

lit''

went overland f(p California and cnifairwl in
iriiiiini^. lie did well, and in a year n'tiirneil
lioiiu', and tlie)' iijii^ratcd to Doiiolas county.
< >ii the Mjiitli 1 ni|i(|Ma ri\e he look another
donation claim, mi wliieh Hiey rcBided lor ciglit
years and tlitMi M)ld it and wont east of the
mountains ami took nj) stock-raisino. Ju ISGi]
he rctnrncd and retired fioni active hnsiiiees,
an<l resided uith hi> (•hildi'en until his death in
JHSit. His widow still survives and lives with
lier dauoliior. Nfrs. (Jornelins, in Kast I'tirtland.
She is now in her eiirhty-fifth year, and is in
the enjoyment of good health, and is hi;,fhly
esteemed by all wiio know her.

J. N. Mclvinney was in the cattle business
east of the mountains till lS(i4. lie then re-
lumed to Wa.^hiti^ton county and took up farm-
ino; tor several years, hut in 18.S0 he entei'ed
into the livery husiiiess in Jlillsl'ii'ongh, and i.s
in the same Inisiiu'ss at this date. IJe lias just
completed a tine stable, and is fully up with the
times in every respect.

He oiarried l\lissJaue Coriielius. the daugh-
ter of Mr. Denjamin ('(uiiolius. a jiioneer who
went to Oregon in the same train that the Mc-
Kimu'vs were in. 'I'liey had two daughters;
.Sarah .lane, now the wife of Mr 11. (t. Aseoil:
and Kachel ,Vnn, who married Mr. Uollis Con-
over. Mrs. McKinney died in l!i71,'and two
years later .Mr. McKinney married Miss Sarah
lirown. They luid three sous and a daughter,
luimely; William Walter. James Montgomery,
lierliy and Susie. His second wife died in
1S',(2."

Mr. Mclvinney is a member of the K. of 1'.,
and is a Democrat in politics. He is a reliable
citizen of Hillsborough, and is highly esteemed
by all his fellow-citizens.

j^KANK (i. McLKNCll, one of Oregon's
native sons, was horn in I'olk county,
.'^ ugust 7, 1853. His father, lieiijamin F.

NiiLench, was born in Kenebec county, Maine,
in IH'So. The family is of Scotch aucesti'y
that settled in the north of Ireland, and came
to America prior to the Itevolntiou. On the
maternal side the family was of Knglish origin,
and can be traced among the early settlers of
America. Our fliibject's great-granfather, John
McLench, was a colonel in the Ikcvoliitionary
wfir, and his son, also, .lolm, was a lieutenant-
colonel in the war of l^l'J. The father of our

subject nuirried Mary .\. Crcy, a native oi
Vermont, anil a daughter of Samuel Orey. of
Irish auce>trv. who emigrated to America just
after the l{evi)lulion. She was one of the seven
ladies who came to Oregon by water, in 1851,
tlie e.xpenses being paid by (Congress. Mr. Mc-
Leiudi came to Oregon the ])reviou8 year, and
August "-28, IS52, they were nuirried. After
their inarriaiie they settled on a domition claim,
in Spring valley. I'olk county, where Mr-'Mc-
l,encii buill a little cabin, and in this they be-
gan the lib' of an Oregon jiioneer. The live
stock consisted of a cow, a pig and two horses.
On this property hv labored for forty years,
raised his fan)ily and made the prcperty a
valuable farm. He built upon it and the fini^
residence he erected is still staiuling. In addi-
tion to this fai'ui. he had acquired other land,
which he bestowed upoti his childi'en, and a
nice home in Salem, to which he retired from
the farm six months before his death, wliicli
occurred February 11, 1891. He had been a
member of the I'aptist Church for twenty-nine
years, was a lieutenant- colonel in the ()regon
^'olunteers, having received his ajipoiutmoiit
from (ioveruor Davis, but was obliged to resitin
from this position, on account of the ill health
of his wife. Previous to his death he w.aa
elected Commissioner of the County, in which
position he served three and one half years, but
at last was compelled to resign, on account of
failini; health. Previous to the late war, he was a
Douglas Democrat, but after the tiring on F'ort
Sumter, he joined the I'anks of the Republican
jjarly, and was a strong Fnion man until his
death, lie had one son aiul threfe daughters,
one of whom died in infancy, and the others
were: Mary E., wife of A. E. Watson, resides
in Salem; .Mice E.. wife of F. P. Calwell, re-
sides 0!i the old dnnation claim; Frank (!., the
oldest. The oldest dauohter is a c;raduate of
the Willamette I'niversity; the other of the
high fichool.

Our subject, who kitidly furnished the data
for this sketch, was also educated at the Willam-
ette University, has since read both law and
medicine, l)ut was obliged to give up his studies
on account of the ill health of his lather, which
compelled his attention to farm duties. He h:is
helped to mamige the farm for the past twenty
years.

In 188S) he married Mrs. Amanda Ilobbs, a
native "f Mason county, Illinois. She had one
ch'h; l,v 1 er tirst husband: Willie Ilobbs. After

»^ftW>W*MMH|fc«iWI1ill'i*lM'«MO*'* ttf«*««AW'*tM«Mi

irfsTonr of ouKimN.

1)41

inarriiigc, ^^r. ami Mrs. McLciicli fiettlwl on
tlii-ir pn-rteiit fiinii of 210 arrus, on wliicli Mr.
Mel "f'.li liar< liuilt n oikhI fnrin resiiltiiuv, in
whiii- onitlo this liap()y cijII|jIi'.

In luiditioii to his fartninn; interests. Mr. Me-
Lencli is iiite.vsteii in eoal. iron and gold mines.
H<( is a li^'pubiican in politiits, und is very ninch
interested in the edueatiuiml affairs of his sec-
tion. He has served as ("lerk of tin- 8(diiK)l
Board, and i.s an indnstrioiis. capahle and intel-
liijent gentleni.m, who is read^ ami willing to
lend a helping hand to whatever promises to be
of benefit to his county or State.

fCDGE .lOIJN HUllCll MKJLANK and
his esteemed wife are tlie two e»^liest set-
tlers of the city of Salem now iivirtsr (1891).
having located here in l>J4i}. H<' was ijorn in
the city of Plii]adel|)hia. January 31, 182(t, a
son of Jolin McCMane, who em iterated from tli«
nortli of Ireland to America at the age of seven-
teen years; he settled in i'hilaileiplii*. and tiiei'e
was mari'ied to Miss Miiry Swallow, a native of
Now Castle, Delaware: tliey had a family of
five children, of whom John l'>. is ne.xt t; the
yonngest. He was ediiwited in his native city,
and tliere learned the trade of morocco finisher.
In his twenty-second year he went to Xew ( tr-
leuns, his objective point being Texas, and hi*
intention, to join the forces of (ienerul Houston.
This project was abandoned, however, but be-
fore leaving Xew Orleans the yellow fever
Sroke out, and he made a precipitate retreat.
He went to St. Lonis, and after a few weeks in
that city, went to Hurlington. Iowa, where he
spent the winter. Attracted by the •'Donation"
bill that wasabout to be passed in ( )regon, he de-
cided to come to this coast. A company of
150 was raised, of which he was elected cap-
tain. A man was sent ahead to ludependene.e.
but as heilid not return, only thriM^ of the large
company started. At lnile])cndence they were
ro-en forced by a caravan of 400 wagons, 'y<i\)
loose cattle, and strange as the coincidence may
be, 999 souls.

At Soda Sjiriugs Dr. Whitnnui. a guide by
the name of KecorJ, Foi'd 1'. Whitman and
Judge McClane formed a Jiarty to go ahead to
Oregon; they 8])cnt ten days at Fort Hull witii
riovernor Grant, and while there the train
came up. Governor Grant advised the em!

grants to abandon I heir wagons ami buy ponie>
to iiack their iroods, but, bv tlu' counsel of Dr.
Whitimin. they kept llieir wagons. Two horses
Were hitched to a wagon, and driven by Judge
Mc(,'laiie, it made a trail which leil tiie band
through in safety. In .S'ptember, I^IH. Judge
McClane came to Salem; the Mclh<Hlisl Mis
sion was started, and a saw and grist mill was
ill operation, and there was one other iiouse.
Our subject settled upon (!40 acres of land, al-
though the ■"Donation" bill had not yet been
passed. The next year he bought seventy-tive
head of hogs, at ^4 each, from the mission,
which had been abandoned. After six months
he sold his squatter's right and record for a
good sum, anil purchasi^d (340 acres at Walla
prairie, which he b(^gan to eultivate. It was
W'i long until lie purchased a half-inti-rest in
the mill at I he mission, of which he took charge;
the business was fair, hut after the stream
dried up. .luuge McClane put in a new set of
stones, and remodeled the entire establishment,
making it the best mill in Oregon.

In l>ecember, 1847, he enlisted for service in
the < 'ay use war; the Marion comity men pro-
posed that he be elected Captain, lint (ieneral (lil-
1am desitt-i that he slioiihl be a stall otticer with
the rank and pay of Cajilain; he also acted as
private, and was with the general until his death,
whieli resulted from the accidental discharge of
a gun that was lying in a wagon, from which he
ww«- getting a rope; the bullet struck the miildlo
of his foreliead, and passed nearly through his
head; he fell and never spoke again. Judge
Mc('lanc received only the pay of a private
from the Government.

Alter his return from the Indian war. witli a
c.om|iaiiy -A eleven men. he went to tht; gold-
liehis of California, and mined four months at
Itedding. in Shasta county; the first pan he
washt^"! oBl --ontiiined S)JO, and his success con-
tinued; he went from this point to Sutter's
fort. laj. i in a supply of provisions, and started
to riijK. l>.g bar on the .Vmerican rive"*; here he
m n*^l a month, taking out 8200 a day. He
tiieti returtK"! to Sutter's fort and bought (iOU
p«nml8 of provisions; with this, packed on three
iiorses, he start^^l back to the diggings; the
Hrst night out, he and his companions c.imped
on the hills, and before morning two of their
horses were Bt( 'Ion ; lu' went in pursuit of the
thieves, but failed to overtake them. Fortu-
nately, a teamster v-amo along, and by the ex-
change of conrtesies, Judge McClane succeeded

1142

UtafoRt oh' oHFJioN.

in fretting to tlie iliij;giMp;> witli his provisions.
l''or ii I'tivv diiys lollouin^ lie took out only an
ouiKto of jj;olil u (iiiy. liut later lie .struck a I'icli
vein, iiniJ realizcil froin !?10() to 82(K) ii day.

Wlicii at Sutter's fort, in March, where lie
had gone to look after liis horses, he learned
that a steamer was to sail rom San l-'raiicisco
for Oregon, lie fold his horses, ahandoned Ids
mines ami out tit, and went to San Francisco;
there he purchased merchandise witli his gold,
lint as the ship diil not arrive as e,\pected, he
and another gentleman chartered a vessel, and
went to Oreffon; the expenses of the vessel was
eancelled by (jiie trunkful of goods. I'pon his
rctni'n to Oregon, he ojiened a store and contin-
ued his milling operations.

lie was married to Helen C. Johnson, a
(hinghter of Rev. L. II. Johnson, a missionary
of tlie Methodist Kpiseopal Church; he had
linilt the iirst house in Salem. The Judge
continueil his nulling business until ISS'J,
wluMi he sold his interest for $15,000. In

I'lp to
Nicarf

family, going via tlie Nicaraugiia route. I'pon
his return, in ISofi, he found his place jumped,
and he entered a suit, which lasted thirteen
years, at the end of which time Ids claim was
sui tained. For sevei'al years he has been en-
gaged in real-estate transactions on his own
iiLi'ount: he owns a large amount of property
in Salem, and has an aitdition to the city, in
which there are many valuable lota for sale.

Judge and Mrs. McClane are the parents of
sixteen children, nine of whom are living:
George F. ; Louie I!.; Annie 1., wife of J. 11.
McCiirmic; Eva E., wife of Samuel Nutting;
(Charles II.; James L. ; Xellie II.. wife of Pu-
laski (ininii: llarrold G.; and John B.

Judge McUlane is a stanch Democrat, and
lias been closely connected with local politics;
he has the honor of having l)een the first Post-
master of Salem, and in 1851 he was elected
Treasurer of Marion comity, serving one term;
in IStiO he again received the appointment of
Postmaster of Salem; he has been Justice of
the Peace for several years, and served two
terms as State Librarian; he was at one time
Hailiff of the Supreme Court; in 1885 he re-
ceived the ajjpointment of Indian Agent, and
served four years. It is tiow almost iialf a cen-
tury since Judge McClane crossed the plains
:uid mountains and rivers to the Pacific coast;
he has seen tlie growth of villages into cities,
and the development of the wiM land into a fer-

;eu liy a in
All hfiiior

lap-

tile fanning section, thickly inhabited
py, prosperous, inte!lig(Mit peopN'. All hf)iior to
the pioneers, who, by their courage and indus-
try have wrought so great a work as the coin-
monweakh of I )r(^iron.

^m^^m^m^

-=^4

AKLEY MoDONALl), a respected ami
worthy jjioneer of 1850. one of those ad-
venturous, enterprising sjiirits, who helped
to lay the solid foundation on which the iiiag-
nifictmt suporstrneturc* of this vast common-
wealth now rises in un>urpasse:' »pl' '■ , was
liorn in the smallest of States in size, ''I'V. ■', hich
makes up in i]uality what it lacks in (juaniity,
namely, Rhode Island. In thi.s pet State of the
Union his birth occurred on July 21, 1825.
His great-great-grandfather, John McDonald,
was a native of Scotland, but came to Rhode
Island many years previous to the Revolution
ary war. llis son, I'arucli McDonald, was a
farmer in Johnstown, Rhode Island. lie mar-
ried Elsie Spiague, of the same State, who was
a member of the celebrated family of Spragues
of that State. Raruch was a valiant soldier in
the Revolutionary war. Uis son, Captain John
McDonald, was also born in J(jhnstown, and
married in 179() Rhoda I'everly, of Providence,
Rhode Island. Ills son, John McDonald, Jr.,
was also born in Johnstown, on May 2li, 1790,
and married ^liss Mary Phillips, a daughter of
Luke Phillips, and born in F(jater, Rhode Is-
land, November 26, 1800. They had three
children, two of whom are living: A daughter,
now Mrs. Martha Coflin, of Rhode Island; and
the subject of our sketch. The mother died
November 2(5, 1S26, on her twenty-sixth birth-
day, and his father survived until September 15,
18-14, when he died in the midst of a host (jf
admiring friends. They were both highly es-
teemed for their many virtues, and were lament-
ed by all who knew them.

The subject of our sketch was reared ami
educated in Providence, Rhode Island, where he
learned the trade (jf an architect and builder, at
which he workeil in his native city until 18-18,
at which time gold was discoverecl in California.
The rej)orts from that far-distant country, grew
like a snowball in size, until by the time they
had reached the extreme Fast, no measure could
tuicompass them, or j)ower restrain them.
Among those whose imaginations were tired
by these marvelous reports was the J'onng

nrsTonr of oRHnoN.

ih;i

arcliiti'ct of I'rovidciicc. who naturally l<iii<;e(i
to sec this El Doradd. His <lusiic was ii\ tiiiio
executed. He nn-iveii in iSaii FranciHco in
August, 1849, in the ship, Hopewell. Mttlelioli',
master. Therein- enijaifed in coiitraetinj', but
in February, 1850, lie went to the niineti at
Downieville. on the Vubit river, where he niined
for himsi^lf.

While prospecting fur gold, going over the
suintnit of the mountains, he twice narrowly
escaped fi'oni death. He was first captured liy
live Digi^er Indians, who took from him his
outlit, stri[)ped and hound him hy his neck
and Ixidy, with his hack to triH', and made
marks on dilferent parts of his body, at which
to aim, the chief making his mark on the
center of liis forehead, while the others marked
him on his body. They then harassed him
by stepping back and taking aim at him with
their bows and arrows, the cord in tlie mean-
while being so tight around his neck as to in-
terfere with bis breathing. While this was
taking place, one of the Indians discovered a
small testament in his vest pocket, that had
been given him by bis siiiter, (.'ofin, when ho
was leaving for Ciditbrnia. In this book the
Indian observed a small ])i(',ture of the crnci-
fi.xion. on seeing which, he crossed himsoif, and
showed it to tlie others, upon which they all
made the sign of the cross. They then untied
their victim, put his clothes on him, and per-
mitted him to iro. As soon as he recovered
from his weak and dazed condition, he decided
to leave the trail, for fear of more trouble.

lie had not gone far when he \va8 surprised
by a large grizzly bear, which arose on its
hind legs and looked at him. Having no
weapon with which to defend liimself, Mr.
McDonald stejipeil behind a tree, and slipped
away an (piietly as ])ossible, thus eluding
an attack. He then made his way back to
the whites, and found them pre])aring to pursue
the Indi'.iis, who had killed some miners a /ew
days previously. They pursueil the Indians,
and overti'l<ing them in camp at night, they
killed one. eaptnred tour, and one boy escapi'<l.
These ' ley took to Marysville and tried them
for the murders, an<l the Indians were bung by
a vigilance committee.

While in the mines Mr. McDonald took out
considerable gold, and now wears on his finger
a ring made from the first gold he dug on Fos-
ter's bar, which serves as t memento uf the dan-
gers he unilerwent in the times of 184y-'50.

When in San Francisco, he worked some at
his trade, ami is credited with making the first
sash doors in San Francisco, wliich were made
from a rei|woo<l log towed by him acrci>s the
bay, and which were nuule for a nnm who aftiu--
ward distiiiguirhed liimself in llie great civil
war, (ieueral W. T. Sherman.

Mr. McDonald rennmcd a year in C'alifornia,
an<l was one of tht^ first contractors and builders
in San Francisco. At the expiration of this
tinu', he determined on gi'in'g to Fori land, Ore-
gon, whicli h<^ accordinjijly did. taking |ms>nge
on the brig, Tan|Uena, and arriving at .\storia
about the middle of .Inly, 1850, whence he came
to I'ortland. Here he worked at his business
l'(ir eight years, gaining the reputation of being
a capable and reliable contractor and builder.
.\mong other work that he did in that eai'ly day
ill Portland, mav be mentioned the building of
the First (longregatioiial church, ami he also
bnilt the Iloosier, thetii'st steamboat which ran
on the Willamette river.

In 1^58 he eam(» to Forest (irove, where he
built the First Congregational church and
several other buildings. In l8tiU he went to
Salem, where he resideil for ten years, and was
next a residentof I'ortland foraconple of years,
limilly returning to Forest (Jrove, wlu're liejinr-
chased lots, and built the bouse in which he now
resides, located at the corner of Mulberry and
Flm streets.

For the last twenty-five years Mr. McDoiuild
has been largely ent;atred in (lovernment work,
as architect and superintendent, and has ac-
quired a wide and favorable reputation in his
business. The monuments of his ability and
skill are scattered all over the commonwealth,
and shall enduie as lasting testaments of his ta!
cut.

He was married on September 5, 1847, to
Miss Metsey M. Sampson, a native of Massachu-
setts, and of Puritan ancestry, tracing back to
the landing at Plymouth Rock. On her moth-
er's side she was a Nelson, a well-kiKiwn family
of I'arly New England. Her maternal gran<l-
fatber, C!olonel John Nelson, was a prominent
pioneer of Lakeville, Massacdiusetts.

Mr. and Mrs. McDonald have had eight
children: William II. was born in Ilhode Is-
land; Clwiles II. was born in Portland, Oregon,
Septemlx'r !t, 1852. where he still resides; Ella
Frances, of Portland, was born March 21, 1855;
Lulu .\nnette, of I'ortland, born May B, 1857,
died December 20. 1889; Edwin 8., living in

\Ui

nlSTOKY OF OREGON.

Von'r^t (irovd, WHS born Aiii^iist 5, IXD'J; Jdhn
C, of Salom, born July l!i. iStil:; and l^ela
licrta anil Tillio Anne, twins, were born April
2(], 18(;i),

Mr. McDonald icsided in Portland wlicn that
(•ity was inforjioiatuil. and he was electod a nieni-
licr of the lir^t Council of tlie city. lie has been
;i strai<;iit and consistent Ki'pubiican since the
orj^anization of the party. He and his faithful
wife lire woi'thy iiieuihers of the Gonirregational
Church, in the welfare of which they take an
active interest.

t )f a spotless record, he coniinands the respect
of all, while his cordial manners have endeared
him to a lar<ic coiiiraunity.

•ILI.IAM MKUCllAXT, a prominent
,-.^j..„ farmer of Yam Hill county, and an
It^TJ C)i'e<ron pioneer of 1847, was born in
Davis county, Iowa, tluly 1~, 1843.

Robert JVIerchant, his father, was born in
Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland, in 17U7, of Scotch
ancestry. At ten years of age lie was bound
out to learn the trade of shoemaker, and when
he was sixteen he came to America, landing
here in 181;]. He settled in Ohio and worked
at his trade for a number of years. In 1888 he
tnarrie(l Miss Lucretia Stewart, a native of Ohio
and the dauifhter of Daniel Stewart of tlu.t
State, of Scotch descent. After their marriage
they moved to Illinois, and from there went to
Iowa. In 1847 the jirospectof a donation farm,
a mile S(|uare, in the rich soil and mild climate
of Oregon induced biin to again turn his stej)8
toward the setting sun. "With his wife and
three children, .Vndrew, Sarah Jane and Will-
iam, and his wife's sister and her two children,
he starred across thejilains with ox tciims. This
journey was Mtended with some diHicnlty and
the loss of much of their stock, but they reached
Oregon City in safety on the 27th of Se[)tember,
1847. Coming to North Yam Hill, the father
purchased a man's title to a donation (daim, and
estat)lished his family in the little log cabin that
was already on it. The cracks in this cabin were
large enough for the children to crawl through;
they lived on a dirt tloor, and the father was
!?50 in debt. They experienced many hai'dshipa.
buf they lived in hope of a better time coming,
and worked to that end. The father improved
his land, wcu-ki'd at his trade, and in 1850 was

aide to build a good frame house, which he diil
at a cost of §3,01)0. At the start he became
identified with the public affairs of the county.
He served on the tirst jury in the county;
was for several ycai's a justice of the peace; be-
came conversant with the laws, and helped try
several cases, and was even taken out of the
county to aid in the adjustment of cases of im-
portance. Five children were born to them in
Oregon. A biography of Warren, the oldest of
the Oregon children, will be found elsewhere iii
this \V(jrk. Mary is now the wife of John W.
Maytiard, and lives in Colton, Washington.
Maria married J. W. Hendricks, and resides in
Seattle. Robert, the youngest, is in business in
Seattle, and .Vndrew lives there. The father
died in 18(il, and the mother in 1890. They
weie Christian people, and by all who knew them
were held in hitjh esteem.

William Merchant, with whose name wo he-
gin this sketch, was four years old at the time
the family came to ( )regon. He rei-eived his
education in the |)riuiitive schools of the country,
frequently having to go three miles. These
schools were generally held in cabins that had
been vacated by settlers. When a young man
he went to the mines at Silver City, Idaho,
earned a few hundred dollars and returned liome.
The next season he engaged in the sheep busi-
ness in eastern Oregon, raised (iOO slieej) and
took them to Iioise City and sold them, return-
ing home aftei- that transaction.

June 5, ISiiS. Mr. Merchant was united in
marri.'ige to Miss Martha A. Landcss, who was
born in Washington county, Oregon, May 23,
1851. Her father, Abraham Landess, a native
of Illinois, came to Oreifon in 1847. in the same
train with j\[r. Merchant's family. Her father
died in 1853, and her mother was subsequently
married to John Fryer. Mrs. Fryer died in
May, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Merchant have eight
children, five sons and three daughters. The
three oldest sons: II. A., Williaiu II., and Eii-
ward liurns ai'o graduates of the Portland I'usi-
ness ('ollege; K. I'>. is assisting to write the
history of Washington; R. A. is married and
resides near the old home; W. II. is also mar-
ried; the others are at home. Their names are:
l.ucretia D,, George Lewis, Thomas Paine,
Winnie 1']. and Miley K.

Mr. Merchant iidieriteil seventy-four acres of
his father's estate, and eiglity acres of his
mother's, and on it built a choHji house, iw which
lie rcsideil a niiniber of venrs. \i\ his Ludiistry

niSTniiV OF OUHdON.

114-.

mill j,'(H)(l inim;iguinent he iimilc iiiDiuiy, iiiul I'riiiii
tiiiiu til tiiiiu, us lie wii.s alilc, l)all^llt niit otlur
lieirs, (iiul is now tlm owner of oOO acres of tlit
(loiuitioii claim, lie has ex|ii'iiil(;il inaiiy tiiim-
s.'iml ilollnrs in ini|ini\ino- tlii- iii'uncrty. In IS82
lie linilt a i'CsIiUmicc at, a coul ol' ^(1,00(1. TIiIb
attractive homo is sitnatcil on an cmini'iicf in
oru! ol' the most lieantifnl |ioi'tions of Orcifon,
and the view ohtaincil fi'om it is one of nnsnr-
(lassing loveliiu'ss.

Mr. Merchant is a Freetliinker and a Re|)ul>li-
can. lie is jronerons and pnlilicspirited, and
takes a dee|) interest in tin* cdncational affairs
of iiis district, lie has freiinently served as
Scliool (Merk and Director and also Supervisor
of Itoads.

fS. McNALLY, architect of Salem with
oltiee in the I>ii. li-Hreyraan lilock, on
* Commercial street, is a native of the
province of Qneliec. horn iScptember 4, 1858.
llis fatlier, N. NcNally, was a prominent lum-
ber dealer of (iuc^bec, wIkj removed to Alcona
connty. Michifran, in 1868, where he purchased
extensive timber lands and contin\ied in the
lumber hnsiness.

Subject was edHcated at the pnlilic schools of
Alcona and graduated from the Ilarrisvillc Col-
lege in 1873. lie was then bound out as an
apprentice to learn the trade of carj)enter and
joiner, wiiich ho followed for si.x years, becom-
ing nuister ot every department of building and
construction. In lS7!t, with his parents, sub-
ject moved to Fort (^JoUins, Cuhn-ado, where he
engaged in architecture and building residences,
while his father purchased 640 acres of land at
North Park, ami is still engaged in raising
horses and cattle.

Sultjoct was married at Fort Collins August
14, 1881, to Laura A. Jones, and in 1882 re-
moved to Los Ang(des, C'alifornia. where he re-
sumed his profession and for seven years con-
ducted a very successful business, constructing
many of the prominent residences and business
blocks of the city. In 1880 he changed his
location to Salem, Oregon, where he has gained
the contidonco of tlm people and as architect and
contractor has constructed valuable builditigs.
Ho was first engaged upon the new wing of the
insane aijlnm, and was later employed ai super-
vising architect of the institution. He was
Hrcliitect and supeivisor (jf the conetrnctiou of

the State IJeform School, the farm liuildiug itl
the State farm, and other Slate work, also
churches and school buildings in .Marion, l.itni
and Folk counties, ln'sides bu.-iiiess blocks and
handsome residences through the \\'illamelli«
valley.

Mr. and .Mrs. McNally ha\ f two cliililren;
Frederick IS. and Agnes, lie is a un'mbiM- of
the Olive Lodge, No. l8, I. O. O. F. and I'ucilic
J,odge, No. 5(1, F. A: A. M.

LEXANDFR W. MoNAliV, an Oregon
pioneer of 1845, an Indian war veteran
and a successful and prominent farmer of
I'olk county, Oregon, was born in the State of
Illinois March ;5, 18;Ji{. The family is of Irish
e.xtraction, the great grandfather having come
to .\merica and settled in N'irginia, where
grandfather ilngh, was burn. He bt^came a
soldier in the llevolntionary war and lived to bo
ninety years old. Jlis family consisted of four
sons and four daughters, and one of these,
Alexander JfcNary, was born in Kentucky iiv
1802, and he was our subject's father, and moved
to various States, living altormitely in Indiana,
Illinois, Ohio and Missouri.

In 184if Mr. Alexander Mc.N.iry married Miss
Ladocia Stockton, who was a native of Tennes-
see, born in 1802, and they had a family of
seven children, of whom only two now survive:
a daughter, now Mrs. Sarah K. Shaw, of Cali-
fornia and our subject. In 184r) the family
crossed the plains to Oregon with a family of
live childi'on and settled on a doiuition claim

I i-even miles east of Salem, and began lite in the
vvilds of Oreiion in a little log cabin. At this

I place the father passed tin* rest of liis life and
died in 1862, the mother in 1876. They were
worthy kind-heartevl and hosjiitable people, do-
ing much to aid the poor and n(<edy emigrants
who came to Oregon in the eai'ly days o( the
settlement of the State. One token of his kinil-
ness was to fell them grain at less than the
market value. lie slioidd !)e remembered as
the man who brought from an Eastern home
choice jieach pits, and from these were raised tlii'
first peaches grown in Oregon.

Our sul)ject was the third child in the family,
and was twelve years of age wdien he accom-
panied his father across the plains. During
the last ])art of the journey he was very sick,
and the familv wore in (rreat dangei of starva-

. -ill

i Hi

11;: ■ ^ I'

i:^

■i I

ill

;

11111

llisrouY OF oitz-yiay.

tioii. Wlicii they renclictl the Coliunliia river
thtjy riiliKistcd ciitii'dv on siiliiiini all the wiiy
(louii till! river. Tlify tra<l(;<l tlio iiiiliaim tli(>ir
uiotlics fur the bhIiikiIi, niui tlii< Iiidiatis trailiMl
with them all iiroiiiKl the Cuf-eiules. Mr. AIc-
Ts'ai'} was nent to school at Salem, and remained
with his father until he lie(^niie of a^e. In I800
lie voliinteei'ed to tiii;ht the Indians, t'nrnishing
his own liorst' and ei|ui]inient, and served hruvely
(hiring the war. under ('a]>taiii li. F. JJnndi.
There was niuel) hard tiiiiitiiif; and a great deal
of hardbhiji, and at one time the brave soldiers
had to eat the llesh of their horses to keep alive.

After tlio close of the Indian war our suhjeet
eni,'aged in the stock hiisiness, and when eoni-
forlalily settled, in 1857, lie married Miss ('elta
(triit)h, by whom he had two children; l.i/.zie
and Klla, the liitter hecomini; the wife of Mr. K.
Ci'uizan, the Sheriff of Marion coiiutv. Both
daughters reside in Salem. After five years of
happy married life, Mrs. >[cN'ary died, in 1802.
Our sMi)ject rciMained in the stock business un-
til 18f)(), doinir a very larj^e business and ])rci8-
pering. lie remained with his mother on the
donation idaim for twelve year^, and took up one
of his own near that of his tiither, but sold it,
and has engaged in a number of land deals. In
1875 he purchased 200 acres of land, where he
now resides and later 540 more, and now owns
a line farm of 740 acres.

Upon this tine prope'-ty Mr. ]\IcNary built a
commodious residence in 1887, and Ik^ has lately
engaged extensively in stock-raising, general
farmiiif; and in the growing of hops. lie has
made a sjiecialty of the raising of tine cattle, his
llerefords and shorthorn cattle are noted as
the finest in the State.

Mr. ^^e.^'arv was married in October, 1874,
to Mrs. .'-^Inier J. Miller, a native of Iowa. She
has three children. She was the daughter of
William Allen, a native of the State of Michi-
gan. Her family came to ( )regon in 1852, took
a donation claim in Polk county, near Ikthel,
and there her father died in his fifty-sixth year,
and her mother in her si.xty-third. Mrs. Mc-
Nary's children were: Addie, now Mrs. (icorge
Savage; Kinma, now Mrs. Charles Watts, and
Abby Louise, now Mrs, Henry Kobinson.

Mr. and Mrs. McNary have one son. Archer
.\lfoiiso, now in his sixteenth year, at home with
his parents, an efficient helper on the farm, and
a very promising young Oregonian, Mr. Mc-
Nary has been a Kcpublican since the organiza-
tion of the party, but in late years he has been

somewhat independent and leans toward the
People's pai'ty. He is a thoroughly reliable
and upright man, has been a very hard worker,
and richly deserves the good reputation lie
bears among the Oregon pioneers of 1845.

— ^^@{:i§)^s■';^

tAUr.OW C. MKSSENGKK, a successful
business man of .\sliland, was born in Che-
nango county, .New "^'ork, June 25, 1857,
a son of Ezra and Harriet (Newton) Messenger,
also iLatives of New York, and their ancestors
were early settlers of that State. The father
dieil in 1S72, and the mother in 1875.

Harlow C, our subject, was reared to farm
life, and after the death of his parents he went
to Valparaiso, Indiann, where he attended school,
completing his studies in 1877. 'n that year
he went to Wooster, Iowa, a few months later
followed railroading in .Vbili'iie, Kansas, one
year, and in the fall of 1878, located at Ashland,
Oregon. .Mr. Messenger followed vai'ious occu-
pations until he jiurcliased the ])roperty in
which he is still interested. The jdaning mill
was purchased by onr subject in 188(5, and has
since been under his management until re-
cently, being now foreman of the enterprise.
The mills are run by water-power, and the mo-
tive machinery is a IB-foot overshot wheel,
of 18-liorse power. The planers and other
nuKdnnery are of the latest and most im-
jiroved patterns. The mill is located on Granite
street, near the business part of the town, and
the trade reaches south as far as Yreka, Cali-
fornia, and north to Grant's i'ass, Oregon.
The mill-yard is constantly supplied with a large
stock of all kinds of native lumber.

Mr. Messenger was married at Ashland, July
5, 1882, to Miss Hessie L. Marsh, a native of
Mova Scotia. They have four children; Walter
J., Nathan II., Oscar K. and Hazel G.

fONRAl) MKYKR, who is engaged in the
grocery business at Albany, Oregon, was
born in llheinfels, Bavaria, Germany,
in 1845, his ancestors ha\ ing long been resi-
dents of that locality, engaged in mechanical and
agricultural pursuits.

Conrad lived at home ami attended school
until he was thirteen years of age. He was then
apprenticed to the trade of baker and coiifec-

■*»y;g*igy^i**»^'ip i 'W WH '* ^ |

tiisTouy "A" ouKdo.y.

hi;

tionur, at K<lt'8lioiin, and, nl'tor learning his trade,
wnrkt'd ii-i joiiiiicyiiNiii tht'ic until lsti5. Tliat
ji'iir lie iMiiifjiiitt'd to tlic I iiilcd Stuti's. landing
«t Ni'W \nvk. lit' lirst ticcnred »>ni])li)ynu'nt
from liii88 iV' IIiij'\var<l, of rroviiluncu, Uliode
Inland. Tlicn lie went to I'oston, and fur tif-
tee!i months had charge of tlic confcotioncry I
department of the I'ai'ker llottd. !n tiie .--prinf^
of 18t)7 he started for the I'aeilie coast, via the
IhthmuB of Panama, and arrived in JVirtland,
Oregon, May 2, 1S(57. lie imi'.iediately found
employment in the lial-ery of Alisky & Ilegele.
He did all their work for eighteen months, at
the end of which time, their Imsiness having so
increast^d, they liegan the mannfactnro of candy
and employed other Irjlp. A few months later
M r. Meyer took charge of tlio candy department.
He remained witli them till the I'all of 1870,
when he engagc<l in huainess for himself, open-
ing a small shwp on Front street for the sale of
cakes, candies, oysters and ice cream. The dis-
astrous fire of 1872deBtroy(Hl his estahlishment,
causing him considerahle loss. He sold out
what was left for ^3>o. He then went to Eagle
Clitf, on the Columbia river, and worke<l in a
cannery five months. In the fall of 1873 he
came to Albany, in the emiiloy of Hank &
Meyer, with whom he remained until 187f5. At
that time he again started in Itusiness for him-
self, o])ening a small bakery on the corner of
First and Broadalbin streets. With this he con-
nected a grocery, keeping a full line of house-
liold re(|uircnients. lie built up a good trade,
and is still engaged in business hero. He kee])S
one wagon on the road, delivering goodc about
the city.

Mr. Meyer was married in ,\lbany, in 187t),
to Mies iii ate Itadeinaker, a native of Germany.
They have three children: ('harles .Vndres, Law-
rence Henry and Conrad Matthews. He built
the residence which he occupies, at the corner
of Fifth and California str(^ets.

Mr. Meyer has served one term in the City
Council. He is identitiud with the 1. (>. ( ). F.
and the A. O. U. W., Inning passed all the chairs
in the former lodge, including the Encampment.

|UTHLK T. MEHWIN, one of the pioneers
of tlie Wei-t was born in McConnell county,
Ohio, dune 124, 1840, and was the son of
Edwin ai.d Susan (Jenkinsj Merwin, both of

whom were natives of ( )hio. Ili' died in I'olk
county, Oregon, in 18'.M), at the age of smenly
six, but Mrs. Merxvin is still li\ing in I'cdk
coiMity at the age of seventy there. They liad
a family id' fivi' children and oursnbjt-ct is the
Kocond child.

When .\rthur was twelve years (dil, his father
moved to Lawrence, Kansas, iu Is.jti. .\t thai
lime it wa> the frontier of civilization. V(Uiug
Mei'win began freighting across the plain> lu!-
I'oro he had had anj" chance to attend school
and hence all of his learning has been obtained
outside of a stdioolhonse. As this rec<u-d will
tell lie has mainiged to very well hold ids own
with the world, notwithstanding his early dis.
advantages. .\s above stated, ho began in his
'teens to freight, going from Lawrence to Now
.Mexico, ("olorado, Utah and Wyoming, and by
his close attention to business and his bravery
under danger he was soon jironioted to bu
wagon-master of his train.

Our 8ut)ject at this time was in the enijilov
of th(> Government, hauling (iovernment sup
plies, and often he would have hard lights
with the Indians to protect his trains. ,Jlo
went with his teams when the whoh^ country
was alive with the worst savages that ever
cam[ied on the Western prairies. When there
was a very valuable train to start he would
always lead it in person, lie was very sue-
cessful and never lost any of his freight, with
the e.xception of one time. Then he was sur-
rounded by tell times his number, in a ])laco
where he could not (hd'end himself, only hav-
ing thirty-two men. The savages made a cliarg(<
from ambush and captured a part of his train
but he managed to corral the others and fought
until he saw that it was a case of life or death.
Telling his men to follow lie charged into tlie
savages and drove them away, losing only two
ofhismen, but his own clothes were rid<llod
with bullets and arrows. He was the only He-
publican in his train, all of the rest were rebel
syiii|)athizers. Wht'n he returned to Lawrence
he heard that (reneral Price was on his way to
capture Lawrence, and he left the train at Wak-
ariisha river and said that he was going to help
whip Price. Ho joined the Union forces and
after the defeat of Price returned to his train
and went on across the jilains.

Oui- sidiject was married in 186(3, to Miss
Celestia Wait, of Michigan, hern in 1847. In
1868 they lame across the plains to Union county,
Oregon, and settled in Powder river valley,

IIIH

IIIHTOltr OF OH/SOON.

I! I

'■Mi i

wlioro ln' (■(mtiniied liis liiisiiicss of fiH'if^litiiii.',
mined, I'iirinwi, f-old stock and liiia .-o (•(Piititiiied
until tin; pri'sciit time. In April, lSiJ2, he ro-
ceivi'd the ndmitiiitiidi on the ltc|Uilili('iin ticket
I'or Shcriirof Union county, lie is very [loini^
l;ir ami hi> luiivury and eourai^e would make
him a line dIHcci'. He docs not seem to know
the ineanini^of the woi'd (ear.

Our enlject Inis Krown very e\|iert with tlie
laHso.

He Inis now a nice farm 'of 1*50 acres, well
stocked with horses and cattle and a'so ovvns
jiropcrty in Baker ('ity. lie has met with some
misfortunes, but has met them bravely. He is
a member of tiie order of Odd Fellows and is a
stanch, tried and true Republican, although he
is tlio only meii\her of his family that ever voted
that ticket, lie has one brother who was elected
on the Democratic ticket for Mayor of Inde-
pendence, Oreifon.

lEDFOlil) 1)1!STILLIX(4 & REFIN-
ING COMPANY.— The above distil-
lery was built in the fall of 18!tl, since
which time it has been running steafiily. The
grounds, where the plant is located, adjacent to
the city, consists of twenty-two and one-half
acres. The* ituildino; is 40 x 170 feet, and al)out
sixty-tive feet high, and a storage capacity of
30,000 bushels of grain. The engine is 150-
liorsc power, and all tlie machinery and equip-
ments connected with the plant are of the best
and latest improved pattern. Much of the in-
terior fixtures are very fine, especially the still,
which is of .Mr. Medynski's own design aiul
construction. His k)ng experience as superin-
tendent of the International Distillery, at Des
Moines, Iowa, has given him an op})ortunity of
further and broader study, as well as greater ex-
perience of tliis and kindred subjects. lie is a
master of civil and mechanical engineering, as is
sliown in the design and construction of the en-
tire plant. The firm have on hand, in their
Btoreliouse, over 000 barrels of high-proof bor-
bo>irn and rye licjuors. Their sales up to this
time have not extended beyond the limits of tlie
State. Their wholesale house will soon be estab-
lished in Medford, and their salesmen will can-
vass the entire coast. The present runinng ca-
pacity is 500 busjicls daily, hut they can and
win probably increase it to'l,500 Ijushols daily.

i The senior member of the firm, Mr. F. V.
Medynski, is a native of l.ondon, Knghind, born
Febrmiry I!, iSol. His |)arentH were Vincent
and Sarah ('I'hompson) .Medynski, the former a
native of Roland, the latter of English birth.
i They had seven children, the subject being the
fourth. He served seven years' ap|)renticesliip
as nnichinist and marine engineering, and came
; to America in 1871, locating in Chicago, where
I he engaged in shops for a time, and later fol-
I lowed his profossion oil the lake for some two
j yeais. He was next employed at the PlKCuix
Distillery for three years, when he again followed
engineering and piloting on the laki' until 1881,
when he went to Des Moines, Iowa, and was en-
gaged at the Atlas Distillery for several months.
He lU'xt took charge as superintendent of the
International Distillery, in the interests of
(ieorge W. Kidd, for several years, at a salary
of ;?;i,000 a year. In 1880 he" went to La Salle,
Illinois, in the employ of the same gentleman,
and built a distillery, which was purchased by
the trust syndicate before being put into opera-
tion.

He was married in Chicago, in April, 1876,
to Ella Palmer, a native of that city. They have
one daughter, F^tta, and one son, deceased.

1). I'. Thoiss is a native of Lee county, Illi-
lujis, born .\pril 10, 1800. He was reared and
educated in his native State. His parents were
Godfrey and Rarabe (Reever) Tlieisa, both na-
tives of Germany, the mother now deceased,
dying March 22, 1871. In a family of nine
children our subject was tlie third in order of
birth. He followed farming until fifteen years
of age. lie then engaged in a still-house some
eighteen months. The following twelve years
he engaged in clerking in a merchandise house
in La 8al]e, Illinois.

lie was married October 5, 1887, to Minnie
S(!ott, a native of Illinois. They have one daugh-
ter, Geraldine. The famil}' removed to Med-
ford in 1890, whei-e Jlr. Theiss engaged in manu-
facturing spirits as above stated.

tON. NORMAN MERRILL.— Mr. Men-ill
is a native Oregonian, born in Colnmbia
county, December 25, 1851, son of Josepli
and Elizaliotb (Freeman) Alerrill. These par-
ents were niarricMl in the State of Ohio, ai\d
crossed the plains to Oregon in 184:7, the family

*'^%^rei(,~.„SC'V'

^^^

«!^'/!l„-^

* OtiKifoV

1 1 III

, Jill

■ ch -

^1' Wflfi ft

■ /f intcjjritj'

•.;,('»«ivf f)io

1^ life in Mh_v,

ltd.

• U'V of l)irtli in ?iis

H'li tMlncatcil ill hi!"

' "luwed liiriiiing until

• ori^aj;<»(l Jri loggiiijt.',

ivHly (.'ngftgwl in tliHt

i.'if ri«n-;**Mi»ur of vald-

r^ I I ^M(>ie Bi>ft ficres

\!ihotigli H ffrat'ticftl

' ■U'i(<'^'l i" gt'iiaral tiiri!iin<,;

■. iUiiig u i-iMn.'ittliy i!' i.i:('<i-

s^ iiMiH^ 421) acre* k4

i. iioinesfwi'i jif":- • ■ '

.' iriiles Aoiitii i>f

.: u young or(;liac(l, ciinri-t.ry ...t l,;ii"i

• .1 gcncial variety, chiotly [iriintw. Polifi-

iir riiiliji'i-t IB ail acti.ij in«<iii!x!r of flit)

'injin {iHrt\,«ii<i ill I'Ti* '»; vvhr ,t'itH*twl

II I > Trf^aii(ir«r. A£t(>r .■«Tving taitlit'iiliy fur

two years Ik- rc».um«'j

r»»«t (if hi* tif« luti'f. Il.» iiiicc-liiri* well' origi
imUv ^<> II itt<)i7!ani), wl}'i settlcil in \'ii'i^iniii iin>l
K*«M!«»''(( y i rt?v «i»rty da.>, wiicri' thoy witc well
».n\\ faiM>Bf>;» 'lUiwii, Mis pari'iits, .laiiics

'■' ■ ' 1 (SiIIIIIIMM'k) lldiillUII,

w«'rt> ■

J»,lOII»t»'l>

t?i lH4n

fKiiniv I

,*,<:

ntiii'ky, ami liniKircil

. (licli State tlicy came

Uirv >>f lii> lather ami

iittt'reMts tuitil !>>■

h'f^h -{i-k Vi*ti Y?»»rti ! H Ildliiiaii eaiiiii to
I'r.rii'Kiil wild l<i« |i4wmiIs in 1857, ami whh
cilueatef) In tiii' pul.'i'' ..cliools of tliis eity, in
the I'lirtlaud Acuiltjiny .-xiid in tlii< l'niv(ir«ity of
{'.alifornia. iVotn wiuoli latter iM>titiilion he
;;railnatoil in ls75. lie iluin stiidicil law under
tlio in-itnictiori of Coloiiol \^ . II MHiiii,'!!', hein^r
ndiiiitted to the I'Ur in l"<7'l, ami lie(^iiiiiiiif,' Inn
jiPW^tioo in fortlawl, >v!i' he has coniinned,
•':.i '■ 1. .V ;■, ,. ../-.i' '. . ;, : b and relialile Work,

He IniB a jjoiieral
. iself moBtly to that
ten to cor|iiirationK,
! .1. ilite.

crat. He hart in
vwl'iu? '•4)ii|Kiiyi»« if.ii.»'u-ti niateriiil aid hy
diflivering jaililie "j^^iwhoft in the Stale, in thi^
interoct of hi;* (wirty nnd it« candidates. Mr.

''■•' ■! '>■■!■ .>f tin* Orcyon delegateii to the

■ml Cou^ft-r ion held at Chi-

iou,.d- ■ ' .

Ldltli [5. V ft(ii,,ij;*i;. (It.
and thc'V Imvu rhcei cluliiv. > ; . ,'

Ori'BSH .!>. and Ret*. Mr. M , jtrnin'.

social giMitleuian, and \iM always 'lU-.e;! an:*nivt'
interest in t!u» d(ue!"|)ni8iit of i!i« Btnti* nnd
conuty. He is a worthy and eonfcieidi ne oifi
zen wli" enjoys the rpspeut and i">I(t n ot th«*
entire coniriiiuiitv.

'1.^

A^ i'acKi-

29, 1852. •
Oregon Tt'i :
Waftiiingtou. ;
denee at tho -tgi-
78

•m

n rally ha,-- ifreat
r irielrniiiilis, the
at their intorcatu
his own.

. («fe.*.?y5.

f.'\Ml',.< Mel'UIIJ.Il'S, on. >f the most Biiu^
ivhcrul of the early m-ttlof of Oregon, was
tt liKiivd <if tho Knierald I- >, where he was
twirn. of Iiiish paront», iii l^-- While still a
hay Ik; Mint>Tatci4Si, wiiere mh wh.- for a time em-
ployed in working in the mines. Later he re-
he purchased cattle,
118 to Oregon,
'nl venture, so
ali/.ing a very
18r)5-"r>(i he
r, and distin-

I.'

,. 1.

s***»f'.tH

. ', •■ • lie

;m>1 i<- '•'. .1 '.':i\ t>»'^

ttlHt fit'i lejH'Htfii ■'

■ i^rotit. In the y

t Mie Vukinm Indiai

•elf for hraverv

-■ith-d in t'„ U ■•

a hills, where
lie engaged in stock-raising, in wliieli he was

i.%

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Q^^^

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

l^|2^ |25

1"^ IS

I.I

j 1.4 1 1.6

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v> cf;

Photographic

Sdences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

^s'^'O

fii

/■ *

ii!

vr,«*— -^._

11 r STORY Of niiKOON.

1110

■ *■

then (.•oiisisting of tliree children besides tlie
parents. After his arrival in Orcj^on Joseph
^Ierriil became a well-lcnown lariiicr and stock-
raiser of Cjhin;l)ia connty, althonirh during liis
first years of resideni'c in the county lie was a
miller. He was honored tis a nnm of intei^rity
and was a worthy citi/.eii and proffressive pio-
neer. This ifood man departed this life in Way.
1879, his wife still surviving him.

Our subject, the tit'tli in order of birth inliis
father's family, was reare<l iind educated in his
native connty, where he followed farminir until
1879. About this time he eiiffuired in loggiiiif,
and has since been actively engaj^^ed in that
business. Mr. Alerrill is the possessor of valu-
able timber lands cousistiTig of s<une 5(]0 acres
in Columbia county. Although a practical
woodman he also is engaged in general tanning
and stock-raising, uniking a specialty of sheep
and cattle, having some 420 acres of grazing
laud, beside his lionuistead property of KiO acres,
located three miles south of ("latskanie, where
he also has a young orchanl, consisting of 1,200
trees of a general variety, chietly prunes. Politi-
cally onr subject is an active member of the
Republican party, and in ls79 he was elected
County Treasurer. After serving faithfully for
two years he resumed his farming and lumber-
ing interests until 1892. when he was selected
liy his party as their State Itepresentative, and
lie was elected at the fall election. In social
matters he is allied with St. Helena Lodge, No.
32, A. F. & A. M.

Mr. Merrill is a man of family, having beiMi
joined in wedlock February 12, 1879, to Miss
Edith n. Vanbibber, a native of Washington,
and thev have three children, namely : Leata L.,
Cressa 1). and iteta. Mr. Merrill is a genial,
so.ial gentleman, and has always taken an active
interest in the development of the State and
county. He is a worthy and conscientious citi-
zen who enjoys the respect and esteem of the
entire community.

fREDERICK V. IIOLMAN, an eminent
jurist of Portland, Oregon, was born at
Pacific City, on Haker's bay, on August
29, 1852. The place of his birth was then in
Oregon Territory, but is now in the State of
"Wasliington. lie came to the city of his resi-
dence at the age of five years, and lias spent the
78

re^t of his life here. His ancestors were origi-
nally from England, who settled iu V^irginia and
Kentucky in an early day, where they were well
and favoi'ably known. His parents, .lames
Duvall and lia(diel Hixson (Summers) Holmau,
were both natives of Kentucky, ami honored
pioneers of ( )regoii, to which State they came
in 1810. (See a fuller history of his father and
family in this book.)

F'rederick V.an Voorhies llohnan came to
Portland with bis parents in 1857, and was
educated in the puldic schools of this city, in
the Portland Academy and in the I'niversity of
California, from which latter institution lu^
graduated in 1875. He then studied law under
the instruction of Colonel W. H. Ethnger, being
admitted to the bar iu 1879, and beginning his
practice in Portland, where he has coTitinued,
gaining by honorable dealings and reliable work,
a large and lucrative practice. He has a general
law practice, but devotes himself mostly to that
branch of the law which relates to corporations,
banking, real estate and |)robate.

Politically he is a Democrat. He has in
various campaigns rendered material aid by
delivering public speeches in tile State, in the
interest of his party ami its candidates. Mr.
liolman was one of the Oregon delegates to the
Democratic National Convention lu'ld at Chi-
cago, in 1892.

A native Oregouian, he naturally has great
affection for his State and her metro|)olis, the
city of liis residence, feeling that their interests
are his interests, their welfare his own.

fAMES McPilFLLIPS, one of the most .suc-
cessful of the early settlers of Oregon, was
a native of the Emerald Isle, where he was
horn, of Irish parents, in lS28. While still a
boy he emigrated to this country, coming to
California in 1849, where he was for a time em-
ployed in working in the mines. Later he re-
turned to the East, where he purchased cattle,
and ilrove them across the plains to Oregon,
which proved to be a very successful venture, so
much so that be re|H>ated it, realizing a very
handsome jirofit. In the year 18o5-'o() he
fought in the Vakima Indian war, and distin-
guished himself for bravery.

He then settled in the Willamina hills, where
lie engaged in stock-raising, in which he was

1150

irrsTonr of orroon.

"■ :^

V(tr_Y Hiicc»>Ksfiil at lir«l, lnit lost uvcry licinl of
stock in tlio iiii'iiiiniililc winter of IStil '()2.

Ill IStKI Ik' wms iimrrit'<l to Ari.--s Mi»ry A.
Kilts, lui estiiimliiu iiniy and ii niitivc of Ari<iinsu8.
Tiity ii\(Hi (HI tlii'ir moniitiiin fiinn for tlirei'
years, iifter wiiicii, in \S(\'3. llicy rcniovud to
their present I'lirm, in Yam Hill coiiiity. This
hitler phiee consisted of 500 acres nf ciioieo farin-
ini; land, wliicli tiicy purchased, and n|)un which,
ill 18ti7. they lipilt tlieir present large and com-
fortable residence. Tiicy have continiRMJ to live
here iiniiiterrnptedly ever since, and under their
aide maiiai^ement the farm has liecome very prof-
italile. They raise j^jrain, sheep, cattle, liogs
and some horses.

They had four ehildreii, three daiiirhters and
one son: Charlotte, Kosana. Charles 1''. and
Teressa, all of whom arc intelliirent and retleet
credit ou the ^^^ate of their nativity.

Mr. Mel'hillips was a Dcmoirat in politics,
the principles of which party he 8iip|iorted for
many years. lie was a member of the AFasonic
fraternity, and lieloiif^ed to both thi^ blue lodge
and the chapter. Wlien the Grange was organ-
ized he became a charter member, took stock in
the stnre, and helped them in every way jiossible.

Toward the end of liis life he suffered from
paralysis, and his son. Charles, and Mrs. Mc-
I'liillips managed the business and their large
and valuable farm. lie died on Dt-ceinber 21,
1892. and was laid in his final resting place on
December 2.") by flu' Masonic; fraternity. He
left an estate valued at $50,000. lie was a man
of nniforn integrity of character and kindness
of manner. His faithfnl wife and noble .sun re-
flect all of his best iiualities, and are valued as
good iieijihliors and true friends.

I^ON. CIIAKLKS F. HYDE, one of Ore-
gon's rising yonng men, was born in
Yreka county, California. October 211.
1858. He was the youngest of tliree cliildrcn
born to H. H. and Susan Hyde. The former
was a native of New York, and came across the
plains in 1843, in Whcaton's company of jiio-
neere, and was o!,e of the men who made his
escajio in the Wheaton Meadows massacre, at
Mountain Meadow, near Salt I.ake City. After
his arrival in Oregon, he married Miss Susan
Kinzey, a native of Missouri, who eame with
lier parents iicroos tlio plains jn 18^7, a ytai'

fraught witii little less hardships and dangers
than the prt«vious one. At the lime of the
great gold excitement, Mr. Hyde went with his
family to California, following mining, but re-
turned to Oregon in 1850.

After obtaining a fair connnoii-school educa-
tion, our hiit)ject took a course in the business
college at Portland, and then found emnloy-
ment in commercial lines. Later he entered
the office of the well-known law firm of AVhal-
ley A: I'"echeimcr. of Portland, with whom be
studieil law, and earnestly pursuing his studies
for nearly five years, he niaile application to the
Supreme Court for license to practice. The
a)>plication granted, he opened an office in l)ak(>r
City, then a stragjiling village, in 1882. and
since that<late he has enjoyed a good and lucra-
tive practice, the result of a careful and pains-
taking method of conducting the business of
his ciients. His ability and attentiveness to
business soon procured him an extensive iiatron-
age.

In June, 1800, he was elected State's Attor-
ney for the Sixth .Fudicial District by a major-
ity of 1,0'.I() votes. Since his election he lias
pursued with relentless vigor the violators of
the law, and the many evildoers in durance vile
show that he is not a man to sto|) or hesitato in
the performance of a duty. His course as a
public jirosecutor has been marked by an almost
jdienomenal degree of success, and yet he is not
so instilled with the vain ambition to succeed
that he would for an instant permit the strong
arm of suspicion to tear down tho rights of the
innocent.

As an attorney he has bad equal good success,
numbering among his (clients the best class of the
citizens. Since occupying the position of Dis-
trict Attorney he has prosecuted every class of
criminals, from murder in the first degree to the
petty sneak-thief, and but few guilty ones liave
tnanaged to escape, and none through any fault
of his.

Mr. Hyde was imirried in September, ISSfi,
to Miss Mollie I'ackwood, daughter of. Judge
W. H. I'ackwood, a member of the Constitu-
tional Conventiim of Oregon. Mrs. Hyde was
the first white child born in Auburn, then the
county seat of Haker'' county. The names of
the children born to Jfr. and Mrs. Hyde are as
follows: Kditha, Willie and Mary E. Mr. Hyde
is a member of the Masonic order, and has re-
presented his lodge at the (irand Lodge. He is
also ft lueniljor of K. of P. and Woodmen of the

) A.

HISTORY OF ORBOQN.

1151

iiiiil (JHiigers

tiiiio (if tlie

v'cut widi liis

niiig, Init rn-

seliool ediica-
tlio inigiiiens
iind einploy-
r he I'literod
nil of Wlml-
tli wlidiii lie
g his studies
icatiori to the
raetiue. Tiio
ttice ill i'aker
n 1882. and
od and liicra-
iil and paiiis-
liusiness of
eiitivciiess to
snsive put run -

State's Attor-

t by a inajor-

iction he has

! violators of

<lurance vile

or hesitate in

course as a

by an almost

yet he is not

on to succeed

nit the stroiij^

rights of the

good success,
3st class of the
dtion of Dis-
every class of

degree to the
ilty ones have
ugh any fanlt

teinher, 1880,
iter of Judge
;ho Constitu-
rs. Hyde was
urn, then the
The names of
. Hyde are as
E. Mr. Hyde
', and has re-
Lodge. He is
lodiuen of the

World, and holding minor utlices in both orders.
He is a stanch Democrat, and, as a man liorn
of parents, who endured of their own free-will,
a journey beset with the perils and privations
that those early pioneers were forced to endure,
is reasonably sure to be endowed with the cour-
age, pluck and endurance that form the salient
features of a strong character.

fAKVIS Hrill), of Athena, Umatilla
county, Oregon, born in Jefferson county,
New Vork. A|iril 1, 1848, a son of .Vs-
well and Betlienu (Morgan) Hurd. both natives
of New York, was reareil !)y his grandparents,
his mother having died when he was an infant.
The father of Jarvis when this sad event oc-
curred going to Illinois, where the son joiiu'd
him, after remaining with liis grandparents
fourteen years, in which time he obtained such
schooling as could be had in a country district.
The lad stayed with his father but a short time,
for he ran away in the fall of 1863, and ''iilisted
in Company A, Eighth Illinois Cavalry, served
throughout the war. and was honorably dis-
charged in July, 1865. He was sent at once to
the front, served in the Army of the I'otoni.ic.
and took jiart in many of the memorable battles
of the war. Two companies of his regiment
opened the tight, and tired the first shot at tiie
battle of Gettysburg.

lieturniiig to Hliiiois, our subject engaged in
steainboating and rafting on the Mississippi,
following this for three years; then was em-
ployed on a farm until 1871; at this time re-
moved to Iowa, fanning there until 1875, and
then brought his little family to Oregon, taking
up a homestead claim of 160 acri's near Athena,
Umatilla county, which he first improved, and
then sold ortt. Going lo Morrow county, he
took up a KiO-acre tract, improved and lived
upon it until 1891, and then came back to
Athena. Hosides, in copartnership with S. L.
Spencer, he bought a blacksmith shop, which
has been conducted profitably ever since, doing
all kinds of smithing and wagon-making.

The father of Mr. Hurd is yet living, in Da-
kota, ut tlie age of eiglity-tive years. This old
gentleman married a second time, and had a
family of nine children. Our subject lived
with him but a short time, and that was just
after the close of the war.

Jarvis Hurd was married in Io«;i, in 1^71,
to Miss Henrietta (iaskill, daughter of Thomas
and Mary Gaskill, the father a minister of the
Methodist Episcopal Church in Iowa. I'y this
marriage there were four children, namely:
X'irias M., dieil at the age of three; l.illia .May;
Thomas E.; Lorietta E., died at the age of thir-
teen. Mr. Ilurd was again married, in 18S6,
to Mrs. Calliarine Ilagler. nee Taylor, who has
borne him onci chiUI, Henry Harrison. Sli(<
had a child by her former husband, named Ora.

Although Mr. Ilurd started out in life very
poor, and has had manv trials, he owns l(i()
acres of good land in Morrow county, and a
half-interest in the shop at Athena. He is a
Junior Wanh n of the Masonic lodge; a iiicin-
ber of the Odd Fellows, and of the (J. .\ . R.,
being I'ost Commander of tiie latter, and a
member of the Dejiartment of Oregon. In
politics he is a Ilepuidican, as a neighbor is
kind, and as a citizen is public-spirited and
charitable.

.\MUEL XfAY, copartner in the general
merchandise tirin of May & Senders, of

' Ilarrisbiirg, was born in Freiisdorf, near
the city of I'amberg, P>avaria, (iermany, in
18-11, Uj) to thirteen years of agtOio improved
the educalional advantages of his native town
and of the city of Furth.aud was then apiiren-
tieed with a prominent iiusiiiess house, to en-
ter their house and learn the elements and prin-
ciples of business. He remained there until
1S57, when, desirous of a broader field of lai)or,
he emigrated to the United States, landing in
Xew York, with but .*<■") in his jiocket. Secur-
ing a positicii as l)ookkee|ier he then attended
night schools and thus perfected himself in the
language of his adopted country, liemainir
in New York until the fall 18(i3lie then started,
via Panama, for Albany, Oregon, where he
had friends residing. Duly arriving, he entered
the general merchandise store of A. Schlussel
& Co., but after a few months, went to Scio,
and opened their branch house, which he oper-
ated until January, 186"), then went to Harris-
burg, as clerk for J. Levy & Cr)., and continued
with their successors, Moore, Gerst & I'aber,
until 1868, when the tirin was reorganized, and
Mr. May purchased an interest, and the firm of
May, Gerst & Co., was established and continued
until 1x74, when the stock was reduced, and

V:.!

11.V.'

IllSTOUY Oh' OUHilOS.

Mr. Miiy nnrclijiscil tlio iiiliiv li\it<iiii'8f., cini-
(liutin^ it iildiic until ls7t), wln^ii he snld oiic-
liiiir iiitorot 111 .1. (i, Seinlcrs. mul lliu tinn cif
May >V Si'iiilcis \v;is iii>litiiti'il. Mr. Scinlcris
\vii8 l)oni ill I'niMiia in l'M7. Kdin'iiicd in lii«
own ('(puiitrv, lit' I'lniiinilt'd to our own coiin-
Irv, .\nii'iic(i, in 1M54, Iniuiin^f in New York.
{^ninj; direct tn lirounsvilli". Oregon, wiiere
iii^ <'<iM!-iii ri'sidt'ii. Dniy iirriviitj^, lie entered
tiie siore of his cdM^in ii> eleri<, mid remained
tlierc until 1S7(), when he entered into jmrtiier-
^liij) with li. lireiinei', and ])iu<'hase(l tlie Im-i-
iiet^s iind eoiitiniied Uie bu>iness until 1^75,
when the the sfoek was eleared out. and the
linn ditisnlved, anil Mr. Senders entered into
his ])r('.-ent position, lie was married in ls7<')
to Aliss lleifha (ierst, and they ha\e four chil-
dren; N'iola, IJeriiard, Arthur and Edjjar. Mr.
yeiiders is a nieinher of the I. ( ). ( ). F., and
lMicnin|inieut.

In 18S0 the firm jiurchased their |trescnt
store. 25 .\ !l() feet, on tlie northeast corner of
Kirbt and Smith streets, and removed thereto.
Thev carry a lar<xe line of merehaiidise, hoots
and shoes, the value of >tock avera(,nng $~5.()O0,
and they handle annually 100,0(10 hiishcls of
orain. with four spacious warehouses on the
hank of the ri\-er fur that purpose. The firm
owns 820 acres of land four miles east of Ilar-
rishurir. and each have individual interests in
the city and residence property.

^^l•. May was marriLiI in Ilarrishurff. in 18t)8.
to ^[i>s Caroline (ierst, of i'avaria, and they
have nine children; Amelia. I'aiiline, Nora,
Jia.ney, Kdith, Amy, Ella. Kdna and Anita.
lie is a nieiuher of the hlue lodo;e and chap-
ter, V. & A. M., anil has officiated as Mayor and
Councilman, hut his life has been devoted to
his huBiness interests, and his efforts have been
ainj)ly rewarded.

^OX. DAN IKL A. MrALISTKU, a pioneer
and a prominent farmer and stock-raiser,
of eastern Oroiron, is the subject of this
sketch, lie was born in Coles county, Illinois,
February ti, ls4~'. juid received a common-
school education. The name of his father was
Macliii McAlisler. and he was a native of Ala-
bama, who married .Mary Ashmore, a native, of
Teiinessee. ifr. McAlister died when Daniel
WHS three years old, but Mrs. McAlister

is still living with her son. the sulijcc* of this
notice, at the a<^e of seventy-four year-. They
reared a family of three children, of which
Daniel was the second, and he is the only one
now liviiiii.

Mr. .McAlister came to Oregon in 18G2, and
stop|H-d in (irande Kondo valley, where lie lias
made liis home ever >ince. lie came here a
|ioor boy, having worked his way across the
plains, and landed hert^ withou! noney. Ilu
hired out and worked for wages until he had
accumulated a little money, and then he took
up a elaiin of ItJO acres of land, and improved
it as fast as he could, having to work for other
people to^'et eiioiii;li money to carry liini along,
lie now owns !t~0 acres of good land in the
valley, and has it well improved with one of the
largest residences and most commodious barns
in eastern ( )re^on.

Mr. iMcAlister deals !ii sliorthor'i Durham
cattle, always keepinir the best, and ho has now
over iiOO head of horses on his farm. His stock
is thoroughbred and graded, and he is the owner
of a stallion, Lamont, that he has refused to sell
for ftlO.OOO, and this horse is of Ilambletoninn
Mambrino Chief. One of his horses has iiiaile
the fastest time of any animal in Oreiron. He
sold a mare, Spokane, that trotted in 2.24 for
!ii2,.")00, and there are no finer horses in the
State than those owned by Mr. McAlister.

The marriage of our subject took jilace in
1S(')7 to Miss Nancy Moe. a native of Michi-
^ran, who came to Oregon in 186-t with her
parents. To Mr. and Mrs. McAlister nine
(children have i)een born, and all are at home
e.\ce|)t the two oldest. The joint Senatorship
of l^nion and Wallowa counties was tendered to
oiir subject by the Democratic convention, and
he was elected by a majority of 350 votes. During
the cam|)aign he was kept at home by the sick-
ness of his family, ana by the death of one
of his dear children, so that he made no
personal effort, or the majority might have been
much larger, as he is a very popular citizen, and
adorns the position.

-4-

*•*=-

|Ii. JAMES M(dU{Il)E, now a prominent
physician of Oregon, came to tlie Territory
111 1840. He was of Scotch- Irish ancestry
and his grandfather, .lames McHride, came to
America before the Uevolution and settled in

iffsToiir OF oitaaoN

iir.3

ml)jcc* <if iliis
ryi'iii-. They
It'll, ol' wliicli
i the only oiiu

II ill IHOli, uikI

wliei'i' lie IiiiH

le Clinic here ii

vay across tlie

luitiey. II

until he had

then lie took

, and iiii|inived

ork for other

iirry him along.

d land in the

with one of the

niodioiiB liarns

tlior-i Diirliain
ind ho has now
inn. His Htock
ho ie the owner
refused to sell
Ilainhletonian
orses has made
()reo;on. He
id in 2.24 for
■ horses in the
MeAIister.
t took ])lace in
tiv(> ot Michi-
ISfi-l- with her
tfcAlister nine
I arc at home
nt Senatorship
A^as tendered to
onvention, and
votes. During
lie hy the sick-
' death of one
; he made no
light have heen
lar citizen, and

^H=^

1 a prominent
o the Territory
-Irish ancestry
Hride, came to
and settled in

North (.'aroliiKi. When war wiis dccliin^l iii.r:iinst
(ireat Mritain, he enrolled himself in the colonial
army, and was eoinniissioned a ca|itain. In that
ciinipany he served to the close of the wur,
Soon after jieace was declared he removed to
'Jennessee with his family. Ilis son, Thomas
Mcliride, was the Doctor's Father. He was a
cousin of Andrew Jackson, their mothers hoiiif;
sisters. Dr. McHride removed to Missotir', and
was married there to Mahaln Miller, a native of
that State and the daiijjhter of Philip Miller,
whose peo|ile were early settlers in I't-nnsylva-
niu. The Doctor and his wife had fourteen chil-
dren, ten in Missouri.

With these children they crossed the jilains
ill 1840. It was an undertaking in those days
to make such a journey, us it took months to do
what We now can do in as many days. These
brave jKfople were from early spring to late in
the fall, and consideriiiir everythino; the journey
was a safe one, yet they were glad to reach Ore-
gon CMty. Dr. McCride .settled in Vain Hill
county, Oregon, a donation claim of (540 acres.
It was a choice tract of land, and is now a part
of the celebrateil It. II. Toinpson farm, one of
the best farms in the State. On this property,
in 184-0, when they had very few neighbors
either far cc near, the Doctor built his log cabin
and began life with his numerous family. Dur-
ing the early days he practiced his profession
nearly all over the State, making his trips on
horseback for hundreds of miles through a new
country over trails. There were many Indians,
yet he passed through the country in safety, and
in all those early days he was an angel of mercy,
visiting the sick ami alleviating their suffering
without any thought of compensation. By his
kindness in every way he endeared himself to
every one he met. He resided on liis farm until
he received an appointment as minister to the
Sandwich islands from President Lincoln, the
Doctor being a prominent and active Republican
and Union man. His family removed to the
village of La Fayette, and he held his otiice in
the Sandwich islands until the death of Presi-
dent Lincoln and Johnson's succession, when
Dr. Mcl'ride resigned his otiice and returned to
(Oregon, settling with his family at St. Helen,
Colninbia county, where he spent the evening of
his uSFi'uI life.

lie was a member of the First Territorial
Convo ition held in Oregon, and was the lirst
Superintendent of Public Instruction in the
Territory.

Dr. Mi'l'iridewas boni in Tciinu-sie, in 1^01),
and died in 1S74- II is wife, who was one of tho
very excellent piimeersof the State, >iirvived him
seven months. -Twelve of their cliildreiniic liv-
ing, one of the largest and most rcpiiluble
families in the wholo State. The eldest son, J.
K. Mcl'riile, is a prominent lawyer at Spokane
Falls; Thomas A., another son, is a widely
known lawyer .iiid district attorney, who resides
at Oregon City; James II. was the Superintend
ent for years of the State Insane Asvliini at
Milwaukee, his cousin is the head of a private
asylum, and editor of the department of nervous
diseases in a mcdicul journal; (ieorgo A. is
Secretary of State and resides at Salem; Klvira,
the widow of 15. I). IjUtler, resides at St. Helen;
.N'liiicy v.. is the wife of W. II. holmaii, a nier-
cliaiit of St. Helen; Louise, the widow of
(Jeorge L. Wood, has her home at San Jose,
California; Kmily L. is Assistant Physician in
the State Insaiu- Asylum of California; Susan
is the wife of I*. F. (iiltner. Chief Clerk in the
Secretary fif State's oitice; Mary is the wife of
M. C. Ilolman, and they live in San Francisco;
Liicinda is the wife of Dr. U. (i. Ca|ilcs, of St.
Helen; Judith is the wife of .liidgi! A. Smith,
of liuisc City; Martha, wife of Hon. \. C.
Adams, died in 1883; Ellen died in lsG7 in
her Hfteenth year.

This is but a very brief outline of one of Ore-
gon's most distinguished families, and it is
doubtful if tliert' is any other Oregon pioneer
who has left so large, talented and highly re-
spected a family as Dr. James McBride.

-=*-<

|}««^§€*'i^'-->

fUANCIS M. MI LLKU, Postmaster .at Leb-
anon, was born in Iveofauipia, Iowa, in
1844. His father, Jacob Miller, was of
Scotch descent, and was born in Virginia and
removed to Ohio. There he was married, in
18:51, and engaged in farming until 1837, when
he moved to the frontier and settled in Van
IJiiren county, Iowa, among the HIack Hawk
Indians. He took a homestead of 100 acres
and built a log cabin, and reclaimed from the
wilderness and improved a fine farm. There he
resided until his death in 1848. His wiilow
still occupies the farm, at the age of seventy-
seven years. They had nine children, seven of
whom lived to maturity and still survive.

Francis M. was the youngest son, and received
what little education he received in his early

J.if

If I

ust

lIIsroUY OF OltKdON.

i\\\\» ill Kuo.-aiii|iiii. Wlu'ii I'Orl Siiiiitt'r whs
ii/eil upon, tlie wlmle rainily weri! tlirilleii witli
patriotism, ami tiirce l)rotliers and oiit^ lii'ntiiL'r-
iii-law eiiliftiMl, in 1801, ami Francis t'ollnwi'd
tliuir i'\aiii]ile as soon as age would jii'iiiiit. llo
I'idisted in inu spring ol' IsO:!. in tlic Tliird
Iowa Cavalry, coniinandei! Ip_v C'oloiiel ,1. \S .
NoMc. latf Secretary of tlio Interior. Tiieir
first cngagunu'nt was at Pilot Kiioli, Missouri,
and later at tlio capture of l.ittle Uock, Arkan-
sas. They were then transferred toflie Dcjiait-
iiient of Tennessee, and joined in tin- raid
through Alabama ami (Jeorgia, and aided in the
eapttire of .lefVerson Davis. Mr. Miller was
diseharged in August. IHfio, without wounds,
but prostrated liy hardships and ex])08nre, which
left hifting efl'ects in weakness an<l disease. One
brother and brother-in-law were kille(l at 'i'upelo,
Mississippi, and another severely wouniled and
disal>led at Pittsburg Landing.

After his discharge Mr. Miller returned to
his home, and in the fall entered the Iowa
Wesleyan University, at Mount Pleasant, Iowa,
takini; the classical course, and gradwatini; in
lS~i, with the second honors of his class.
Means for his education were procured by teach-
ing and by practicing the most rigid economy,
lie had tilings to such a fine point, that ho was
able to live at the expense of tJS cents
per week. Considering the difliculties under
which he labored, it is wonderful that he not
only was able to go through the university, hut
that he >hou!d ilo so with high honors, lie
again returned home, and was at once elccicd
Superintendent of County Schools, filling that
office until January, 1874. lie then entered
the ottiee of Messrs. Lea A: "Work, prominent
attorneys of Keosanqua, and was admitted to
the bar in lsT5. 1I(^ followed the practice of
law at KeosaiKjua until the fall of iNTt!, when
he removed toOregim. and passed the winter at
Albany. In the spring of 1877 he was engaged
as principal of the public school of Lebanon,
but after teaching for eighteen months he re
snnieil his practice of law. lie ])ui'cha8ed town
property in Lebanon, and has built several resi-
dences besides the Miller business block, <'om-
pleted in 1891. He was apjiointcd Postnnister
of Lebanon in .Inly, 18!J1, by Postmaster-
General Wanamaker. lie has also sei'vcd his
citv as Pecorder and Marshal, and in 18S8 was
instrumental in organizing the •lohn Miller
Post, No. 42, G. A. H. Ilo is serving his
tliird term as Commander and Junior \'ice-

Comnianderof the Department of Oregon. Ilo
attended the National Kncamipinent at San
I'rancisco, as a delegate, and he also went in the
same capacity to St. Louis. In March. l8iCJ, he
was appointed Judge Advocate on the staff of
II. II. Nortlicamp. Commander of the Depart-
ment of Oregon. For eight years he has been
Secretaryof Lebanon Lodge, .So. 44, F. A A. M.
and is a member of the Phi- Delta-Tlieta fra-
ternity of the Wesleyan I'liiversity.

He was married, in 187.'), to Miss Ilulda S.
Armstrong, of Tuscarawas county. They have
three children: Walter A.. Pessie 15. and Cath-
arine.

<--^*^il*®|^»

>t<^;^a».

fOSKPII MEVKRS, the leading dry-goods"
and carj)et dealer of Salem, is another of
_ the many good citizens and capable busi-
ness men that Germany has furnished to the
I'liited States.

The business of which Mr. Meysrs is pro-
prietor was established in February, 1864, by
Warren and Ivugene lireyman, the firm bjl:.'
known as lireyman P.ros. They did a largo
business for sixteen years, and were exceedingly
successful, their name for the store having been
the White Corner. Mr. Meyers became the
owner of the business by jiurchase, in 1880,
and continued its name by calling it the Old
White (!orner. The building is two stores wide
by ninety feet deep, and he deals heavily in
dry goods, carj)ets, gents" and ladies' furnishing
goods, and hats, lie has carefnilv retained the
good rejintation of his store, and has been ex-
ceedingly prosperous. He is eminently a self-
nnide man, owing his success entirely to his
own natural ability and force of idiaracter.

He was born in (Tormany of (ierman parents,
in 18:{I'), and came to the I'nited States alone, a
poor, honest boy of seventeen, for the purpose
of seeking his fortune in America, a land of
which he had heard as offering better indnce-
iiieiits to tlii^ industrious, who, without means,
might by their own exertions rise to affluence.
When lie arrived in .\nierica, he had the lan-
guage of the country and nearly everything else
to learn. After working as a clerk for wages
for several years, he went to Kern county. Cali-
fornia, and, in IStifJ. starteil a general merchan-
dise store, on his own account, near Pakersfield.
He purchased his first stock on time, by giving
two notes of ^fiOO each, and by close attention,

lIlHTOIiy OF ()RK(Ut\.

ll.V,

ineiil lit San
<) ut'iit in tlio
ivli. lS!):i. lu.

tiic Ktiiir of

tin- Dcjiait-
lic I1118 l)UL'n

4, F. it A. M.

tii-'riu'tu frii-

lias Ilnlila S.
They liave
I!, and Catli-

ng dry-goods
is aiiotliiM- 0/
ciijiahle linsi-
lislied to tiio

eysrs iw pro.
iiry, 1804, hy
"lu firm l)-;!:g

did a large
■c exceedingly
(' iiaving been
3 became the
laae, in 18S(>,
ig it tiic Old
'o stores wide
lis heavily in
es' furnishing
■ retained the
has been ex-
nently a self-
tirely to his
hnrai'tcr.
rnian parents,
tates alone, a

the purpose
ica. a land of
etter indiice-
itliont means,

to atlluence.
had the lan-
erythingelso
rk for wauea
comity. Cali-
ral merciian-
!• Hakerstield.
e, by giving
se attention.

and liberal methnds in bu^ine8s, ho had. in six
years, secured a large trade, and was (nrrying
)j(30,()00 worth of stock. At that tinu' he sold
out to come to Salcin, where he has since en-
joyed the leading trade of the city.

During the war iiis political views were lie-
publican, but. more recently he has favoreil
l)emocraey. He is a member of the A. (). I'.
W., and is ul.-ui a Master Mason.

hi 18(5() he was married to Miss Kllen
Harvey, a native of Xova Scotia, who was
raised in Boston. They have six children, all
sons, who were born on the I'acitic cuast. His
two oldest sons. Henry W. anil Milton 1... are
etticient helps in their father's busintws, while
the others, Charles Iv, Arthur W., (ieorge II.
and Josej)h, are attending school.

.Mr. Nleyers owns a goo<l home in Salem, and
other vidnable real estate, JHith in Oregon and
Califorida. His motto in business, and in fact,
his religion, is the (iolden Rub': '• I)(i unto
others, as you wouhl that they should do unto
you." He is liberal, ifiinded ami progressive,
takes an active interest in public ali'airs, and is
numbered amoi\g the representative citizens of
tsalein.

fOSKPlI 1'. LI':ATHI-:US,a prominent boat-
builder at Astoria, was born in Redwood
City, San Mateo county, California, in IHS'.I.
His father, I'eter I.eathers was a native of Ver-
mont, and emigrated to California, during tlii'
gold excitement of 1850, subsequently locating
at Redwood City. Mr. Leathers was married,
and then engaged in the warehouse iind shipping
business, miming his own boats to San Kran-
cisco.

Joseph P. live<l with his parents until the age
of sixteen years, and then going to San Fran-
cisco, he ap|)renticed himself for four years
with Thomas Vice, a pi'actical boat-builder, and
with him learned that tra<le. In the fall of
1881 Mr. Leathers came to .Astoria, and engaged
as journeyman with Mr. William Ilowani in
the fall of 1882. He then entered into partner-
ship with his brother, Richard M. Leatlior?; ".r.d
oj)ened a small shop for boat-building and re-
pairing. In July, 1883, the firm dissolved and
(iur subject continued alone in general boat
work. The first steamboat he constrnc'ecl was
the Electric, for Captain E (". Fisher, and
tl'.is was folU)Wed l>y tlie Favorite, the Tomiuin,

the Wenona. the R. MiMer, the May Flower, the
Eclipse, the (^ucen, the R. I'. Elmore, the Occi-
dent, the Sea Foam and the Hattie. Small boats
for fishing purposes he has manufactureil as
high as twelve |ier month, during the bu>y sea-
son, anil empliivs from two to fifteen liands, hh
business demands. Ilir. tWD-story shop, 3(1 xOO
feet, is well eipiipped for the rapid performance
of work. He owns city and country proiicrty
adjoining, and ha- KSO acres of timber-land. In
his business relations Mr. Leathers has overcome
many difficulties, but by hard work and per-
sistent eifort, paying the closest attention to de-
tail he has built up a name and re|uitation

ran ne tuts uuiit up a na
throughout the .Northwest.

|j« L. LEE, M. I)., a well-known practitioner
1™ at Junction City, was born at Vermont,
* Fulton county, Illinois, in 18ii7. His
parents, I'hilester and Eliza \. (i'urge) Lee,
were mitives of the State of New York, but
settled in e;irly life in Illinois; later they re-
moved to Iowa, where Mr. Lee followed his
life's occupation, farming. In the spring of
1847, with an outfit of four wagons, twelve
yoke of oxen and some loose cattle, he set out
for Oregon, accompanied by his wife, seven
children and his father, ageil eighty years. They
started with the Oskuloosa train, which subse-
ipiently divided into smaller traiiiK. The journey
was without partidar incident or accident, and
by wise nuimigement any engagement with the
Indians was avoided. Arriving at the Dalles,
they left oxen and wagons and proceeded to the
Cascades by canoes, and thence by flat-boat to
I'ortlanil, which was then composed of three
farm houses, a few log cabins, and inhabited i)y
100 jieople. There they passed the winter,
and in the summer of 184S, .Nfr. Lee moved his
family to Tualitin plains, where he secured a
home. With the discovery of gold in California,
lie went to that State, and mined with great
success for one year, taking out ^SOO in a single
day. He returned to OregoTi in the fall of
1840, and moved his family to Salem, where he
embarked in mercantile trade. In 1850 be took
his family and stock of goods to Soda Springs,
but shortly after decided that merchandising
was not his forte. He tlien disposed of his
interests and located a donation claim of (540
acres; he conducted a general farming and
nursery business until 1880. when he sold out.

aasn

IISII

nrsTour «f oii/cnoif.

iukI irt now living witii his c-iiildren, imving Ht-
tiiiiiuii tlio I'ipe old age oi' I'lj^lity-two yi'iiis.

|)|'. Lue win ndiicatod in tliu country n(diools,
iind at Willanietle UniviM'sity. llu roniiiint'd
ii|)(in tin- I'arm nntii Isiil, when lie uidiiitcd at
Ailianv, in Cunipany F. First Oregon \'oliinti;i'r
Infantry, (•(inunanded liy C'>|oni'l (Jeorjjt! 1>.
(hirry. ilo \va.- statidni'd at V^ancoiivfr, Walla
Walla and at i'ort l,a|)\VHi, ainonj^ tiie Nez I'lM'ci'S
Indians, and continued in the service nineteen
tiiontli>, at llie end ot' wliicli time lie was Imnor-
ably diM'liarged. He liej^^an readini; medicine
at Fort l.apwai with Dr. (Jeorire K. Smith, hut
after his discharge was employed as carpenter
at i''iirt Klamath Indian Iteservation; he re-
iniincd there tilteen nu>nths, ami during his
leisure hours devoted hiuifelf to the (-tudy of
the profession he hail decidi'd to iiKike his life's
work. In the fall of ISti'J he cntored the
medical department of Willamette University,
and was uraduated with the dej'ree of M. I), in
.March, 1871. lie liegan practice at Lancaster,
Lane county, Imt removed shortly to . I unction
C'itv, and has estahlished a tine practice with
the liuilding of the town.

Dr. Lee was married in Linn county, in lSfi7,
to Miss .\nianila .M.Origgs.a native of Illinois,
and a daugl-fer of \. )>. Griggs, an Oregon pio-
neer of IHbO. They are the parents of live
children: Knrneet, Annie, Claude, Wright and
Clare. The Doctor is a member of the blue
loilge and eliajiter of the Masonic order, and be-
longs to the I. O. F. and to the A. O. ['. W.
lie was aj)poinfcd Fostniastt-r of . I unction City
by TresidtHit Harrison in ISS'.I. He is a stock-
holder and director of the Junction (Jity Hotel
Company, and is one of the most energetic and
progressive members of professional and com-
mercial circles in the city.

U)N.JKSSK (1 MOORE, an Oregon pio-
neer of 185'.i, and a prominent citizen and
business man of Washington county, Ore-
gon, was horn in Fayettevillc, .\rkansas, Sep-
tember 3, 1830. He is the sun of Thomas and
Kliza (Wilson) Moore, both natives of Ken-
tucky, born, respectively, in ISO-l and in 181(t,
and were early settlers in the State of Arkansas.
Our subjecl's father was a farmer in Arkansas,
f.nd reared a family of ten children, and died in
the fifty fourth year of his age. Six of the
children are living.

Our subject was the second child in the fam-
ily, ami was reaird in Wa>liington county,
.\rkansas, near layetteville. He became of age
in September, and in the following spring he
started for ("alifornia. The emigration had
been so great to California that in order to get
food for the cattle, the party «ith whom our
subject was connected changed their ])lanB and
came to Oregon. I'hey were six months and
seventeen days on the journey, and arrived at
I'ortland October '^2, and our subject came
almost directly to Washington county and took
a job of splitting 1(1,000 rails for Mr, William
Wilson. Ihf Worked at jobbing and farming
until IH.'io, and then went to California and en-
gaged in digging gold in Siskiyou county,
meeting with success. There he remained for
three yniiTb, and then I'eturned to Oregon,
having lost his health by a snnsti'oke. Ho
then came to his present locality, at (ireeiiville,
and was sooi' elected Assessor of the county,
serving two years. On May 17, ISo^, he was
united in marriage with Miss Uaehel S. Wilson,
a native of .Missouri, born in 1843. Her par-
ents came to Oregon in 1843.

After marriage Mr. Moure purchased 320
acres of land, and engaged in fai'iiiing for two
years, and was then elected Sherilf of the
county, and served in this oflice so acceptably
that he was re-elected for three terms. At the
clo.-e of his service as Slieritf lie returned to
his farm and successfully cai'i'ii'd on operations
there for a number of years, and added to his
property 1(!0 acres, nniking the farm 480 acres,
and this |)lftce ho still owns. In 1877 he rented
his farm and purchased an interest in the
(rrcenville store, with Mr. Pierce, the firm
being I'ierce it Moore. They continued to do
a prosperous business, and in 1885 they dis-
solved partnership, Mr. Moore continuing the
business until 1892, when Mr. Walter Foster
purchased a oiU'-tliiril interest in it, and the
name of the firm now is Moore, Foster it Co.,
the "company" being Mr. Moore's son, who
was taken into the tirin. From the first con-
nection of our subject with the business tlicre
has been every imlication of prosperity, and
the trade has been constantly increasing.

In 1888 Mr. Mo(M'e was elected a member of
the State Legislature, and vs-as re-elected a
second time. While serving he gave strict at-
tention to the interests of his constituents, and
served on several important comtnittees in a
very capable manner. His wife ia n member of

itis'iony 01-' oKKiioN.

If of tlR"

acceptably

till' Coii^i't-'^Btionnl Cliurcli, while liu 'j a inciii-
bur (if tiic Christitin Cliurcii; and, iiotwitli-
xtiiiiding tiiiit lie was icnrcil in tlie Suiitli, whoru
i'eeliiif^ wan iiif^li at llic opciiiii^ "f tiie war, lie
took H (inn staiid for lliu riiioii iiiul jdiiioil tliu
raiii<H of llui Kcpiildican party, ami tliiis ^lulwt■(l
liiiiiBcIf aiiic to rise aliovu tiiu prcjiuiices of
early trainiiifr when a ^reat (pieftion was to be
(Ifciilcil.

Our i^iibject is a inciiiber of the AfaKniii,! fra-
ternity, and is an iijiright, iioiKirabk' citizen,
and has rinlily deserved the giiccess which has
crowiKMl his ( tforls in Oregon.

July 8, 1880, Mrs. Moore died, alter a mar-
ried life of eiffhteen years, a most e.xceilent wife
and tender mother. She left four children:
William I,., born in 18()S; Anne M., born in
1874; Matty M., liorn in 1876; and Frederick
(,'., horn in 1878. Mr. Moore married ^liss
.lenny Wilson, August 13, 1882, and by this
marriage there are two sons: .lease C, .Ir., b<irn
in August, 1888; and Max W., born December
28. 18»a.

llEELOCK SliMMONS, a retired
farmer, I'esiding in McMiiinvilie, and
an honored Oregon jiioneer of 1850,
was horn in Bradford county, Pennsylvania,
May 4, 1820. His father, Seneca Simmons,
was a native cf Now Vork State, while his
ir.other, nee Miss IS'ancy Willcox, was a native
of Virginia, and was a daughter of Stephen
and Rachel Willcox, both natives of the Old
Dominion.

The subject of our sketch was the third of
eleven children, five of whom are living. He
was reared on a farm in his native county, and
his educational o|)portunities were limited, most
that he has learned having been acquired in the
hard school of exjierience.

After arriving at maturity he was for some
time on a farm in Illinois, where he worked for
wages. lie then returned to Pennsylvania,
where he worked for a couple of years and care-
fully saved his wages, when he again moved to
Illinois, where he purchased forty acres of land.
After si)eiuling some time on this land he was
taken ill, and was advised by his physician to
seek a different climate.

The gold excitement was then at its height,
and in 184& he crosted the plains to California.

IIi> engaged in mining, and was very nnHuccesB-
fui. At last he and eight others conceived the
idea of turning tlm Kealher river from its
course, wilii a viev of working in the lied of
that stream, where they liojied to tind much
gold. Mr. Simmons was otfered N",'.()(IU for
his claim, init he ]iroiMptly declined it. After
they had sunk most of their money in the
enterprise, it proved to bo a failure. 'J'hus,
after eleven months spent in the mines of Cali-
fornia, he left, almost destitute of means.

He then went to I'ortland, Oregon, where he
arrived in September, 1850, being 810 in delit.
lie soon secured work and ])aid up what ho
owed, and then went to Ilillshoro, Washington
county, where he worked for several months.

On December 0, 1850, he was married to
Mrs. David Hill, whose maiden name was
I.ncinda II. Carter. She was a native of Ken-
tucky, and accompanied her liist husiiand to
Oregon in 1845, settling in Washington county,
on the (540 acres of land on which the city of
Ilillshoro now stands, and from whom the city
derived its name. Their land was that |)ortion
of the town where the depot and public school
building now stands.

Mr. Simmons farmed land which he owned
near McMinnville, raising wheat, which he sohl
us low as ()5 cents, and as high as S4 a bushel.
lie platted a part of Ilillshoro, selling some of
the property, but there is still mnch remaining.

After twenty-nine years of happy married
life, his wife died, in 1879. She was a woman
of intelligence and many amiable traits of
character, and was greatly lamented by her
husband and friends.

In 1880 lie married Mrs. Lucy Ellen lii'rgan,
the widow of Mr. II. II. Hurgan, a promi'ieiit
resident of this county. Her maiden name was
Lucy E. Moon. They have two children: Her-
bert P. and Orville M.

In 1887 they removed to McMinnville, where
Mr. Simmons purchased a good home and in-
vested largely in property, besides taking stock
in the various ciiterprifes of the city. He has
built ee<eral dwelling houses, and otherwise
done his share toward the u])building of the
place. lie has been a Granger for more than
twenty years, and is a stockholder in the Cirange
store at McMinnville.

Mr. Simmons was reared a Democrat, but at
the time of the civil war co-operated with the
Union party, since when he has styled himself
an independent in politics.

\vi \

tf?'

UAH

iiisrouY <!/•• iiiiKduy.

'rinis is ii(|(|u<l iiiiotlii'i' ruiiiic to till- iiiiiiuTOiiH
anil I'l'lt'liiutctl tlii'diig III iiiililf |iioiie('in of thi,-.
jri'f'iit criiiiiiionwi'iiltli. WliulliiT it iH tliiit j;ri'Htt«r
uinl iKittcr iiiuii ciiiiie to < •n-goii. or wlictliur rIic
licrx'lf Imil Hiiiiii'tliiiiM to (In witli iiiciilcatiii^ in
tlii'lr iiiimlH iiMil liuiirts all that in ^'oml iiiiil
Ci'<'at, is a <|iiMUilary ; Kiit the rmt ii'iiiaiiiK tlir
nainc, tliat iihuc imlde ii:iini'.> ^iiiee lici- icciniU
tlmn nlinoHt any otiier Stato in the i'nion.

>'^-^i^^7<-^

fOllN MILNK. the pfopriefor of flio Iliiln-
lioningli lliiiiring mill, and a primiinunt
citizen lit' Wasliinj,'t(in cunnty. wa" liorn
in AliiTiit'enHJiii'c, Scotland, on tlu' '2t5tli of
ilay, 1S32. 11 in parents wuro .lames and .lane
(Adam) Milne, both nativeti of Scotland, and o'
old Scotch ancestry. They were fanners and
I'resliyterians, and had twehc children, eight
sons and i'mn' dani^litcrs, ten of «lioiii lived to
niiiidiiKid and wiinninliood, and six of whom ari'
still li\ing.

Mr. Milne was edncatcd in his native conn-
try, and leai'ticd the trade of miller. In his
nineteenth year he emigrated to Canada, and
after workinij at his trade there for 8<itnc years,
ill 18t)8, he emigrated to Australia, and re-
mained in the milling business until 1871, then
wont to San Francisco. After looking Cali-
fornia ovei' for six miintliB, he decided that the
country would not suit him, so he went to I'ort-
land, Orei^on, and found thiiifj;!- more to his lik-
Injr there, lie jiurchased a cheap mill six ndles
this side of I'ortland, hut after a yenr in that
place decided to make Hillsborough his place of
residence, so he built a laroe mill iinddid a suc-
cessful business until IS87, when he added a
lari^c-riilK'r ])roces8 mill, with all the recent
improvements for the production of the best
flour and the choicest oatmeal. The tirst mill
lie still utilizes for a feed-mill, lie has a laro;e
local business and also a nnirket for a larj^o
amount of his jirodiict at I'ortland and Seattle.
His new mill has a capacity of seventy barrels
of flour, and sixty barrels of oatmeid.

As Mr. Milne has had surplus fnmlR ho has
invested in farming lands, from time to time,
and now is the owner of 1,600 acres, and is
farniino; his land himself. He raised 20,000
bushels of wheat and oats last year, and expei^ts
to do still better this season. He also raises
liis own breed of horse?, a cro'^s between the

Ainoricnn horses and ('lydesdale and I'ercherun
>tiic!', and in thi- way is |iroducing a strain of
horses that arepiod for any kind of wdrk.

Mr. Milne was unirried in 1877 to Miss Mar-
i^'aret Lnrklcader, a native of Scotland and of
Scotch ancestry, 'Vhv\ have three children;
■iiihn. I.izzy. and .lacob William. Mr. Miliu;
has built a pleasant and cnmmoilious home near
his mill and the railroad statior. where llu>y
reside. He is a Kepublican in politics, ond is
sirving his fourth term in the City Council.
He has lit<en very active in the iinproveineiit of
the city, siH'!; as nwi! ing walks, liglitinf.^ the
city with eL'Ctricity. and 'iro\ iding a system of
waterw)rk>. for all of I hi.'- he deserves great
crcilil. He and his wile are members of the
Tinilitin Presbyterian Chui'ch, and he is oiu' of
the Trustees.

This is but a very brief 1 istory of one of the
most honored of the ciM;;ens of IlilUboniugh.
When we consider that thissame nuui left his fa-
ther's home with lint half a crown in his pocket,
and that it is oidy by his own industry that he
has attained the position he now occupies, we
must f<'el that loo much praise can not In' given
him for his success.

? 'J^ "l^'l-y^ *^-^ 1 '^

IM.IAM W. MILLKK. one of the re-

liable citizens of Dallas. Oregon, was
born in the State of Illinnis, December
^8,'183l. The Millers ori^rinated in Ireland.
Sonu' members of the family came to America,
and settled in the South previous to the IJcvo-
lution. (irandfatlutr Millci' was a soldier in
that war, and lost on(t of his eyc^s while Hghtinj,;
for independence. Our subject's father, Wil-
son W. Miller, was born in East Tennessee in
1803. He unirried Lneinda Wilkinson, a na-
tive of KentiU'ky. and a daughter of Carey
Wilkinson. Her father was of Scotch ancestry,
and he, too. was a soldier in the Kevolutionary
war, losing his life therein. They had eight
children, four of whom are now living. When
William W. was fourteen the family removed
to Iowa, and were anuing the first settlers west
of Fort Des Moiiu's. The father died in .that
State, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. and
the mother at the age of sixty-two.

Mr. Miller remained in Iowa until 1860.
In 1857 he married Miss Lydia Leaming. who
was born in Indiami. and reai-ed in iowa. Her

UlsroUY ''I"' oilf-'OON.

iinu

riitlior, Jiiiliili l.cHiiiiii^, wiiH cil' I'liritiiii iiiii'«'n
try. Iti lS(i(i, with liiH \vif(» itiid only cliilil.
Cliloc, lio cniKB'.'il tliu ipluins to ( (rcj^on, coniiiii^
ill II truiii 111' twfiity wiii^one, stiirtiiiji May I,
Hiiil riMicliiiii^ I )iilliii', their (ItNtiiuilioii, in hiil'i'ty,
AiigiiHt 18. They wi'i'i! grt'iilly iiiiiioyoci liy thu
Iinliuiis uii thi.'f journey, lint no serionH iiiLnhnp
hcffll them.

Mr. .Miller inircimsed a sauniiil noine iiiilcf-
weBt of l).llllt^, itiiii ran it iiiiil itnotlu'i' iiiill
sevtrii! yenrn. lleKold out aiid returned Knst
in ISIiU. and in 1871 again eaiiie to Orei/o?
liMvinf^ inado tiiree trip^ aeroHs the iilaiiis, and
i)i ;ii time with liorBUH. Ilu renteil laml near
Dallas for ei^ht years. In tin fall of IS81 he
|iiiruliascd M')'Z acres adjoining the corporation
on the east, ami here lie has since rcsideil, the
value of his jiroperty liavini^ inereaBed with the
growth of the city.

'{"he children of tliis worthy coiiplo are as fol-
lowe: (Jliloe. wife of II. S. I'lit/; Liicretiii. wife
of .1. F. llolinan; an<l Williiuii I'., who resides
with his father. Mr. Miller has given each of
his children fifty iieres of land, and has the
pleasure of seeing thctn settled near hi:.i. Mrs.
Miller is a meinher of the Methodist Ohiireh.
and is a devoteil (,'hristiaii woinaii. At one
time in her life she waB in very poor health,
and her complete recovery she uttrituites to
answer to prayer. Mr. Miller is a member of
the Christian Church. He was a Democrat in
his younger days, hut of later years his strong
ilesire to do what he could to overthrow intern-
[loraiice has caused him to liocomo a I'rohihi-
tioiiist. His life has heen charaeterized liy
honesty and indnr.try, and he enjoys the goo<l-
will and esteem of all who know him.

-*•■ : ^ * -^1— |«^F^ fe:=; ■ „ -■

:i O M A S M ( ) N T E I T II , deceased, was
horn in Fulton county, New York, March
i! 3, 1824. He was reared aid educated in
that county, and then moved with ;.!■; parents to
Wilmington, Illinois, settling on a farm.

In March, 1847, in company with his brother,
Walter, ho set out on the long journey across
the plains. Traveling with ox teams, their pro-
gress was necessarily slow and tiresome, but
without any untoward event or thrilling experi-
ence they at last arrived in the Willamette val-
ley. Proceeding at once to Lini. comity, they
purchased of II. \. Sinead his possessory right
to 320 acres of land, bordering on the Wil-

lamette river. In the spring of IS-IS. with their
charai'teristic foresight and enterprise, they siir
xeyeil ami set apart >i\ty ac^res as a ton n site,
na'miii;; it .Mbuiiy.in remeinbraiiceof the capital
city of their native State. In the I'lill of 1848
they joined a company of men, went to theCali-
f.'ri'ii gold mines and passed the winter there,
nie- I :; with substantial siiccess. The i'ollow-
iiicr -I ling liiey returned to their embryo city,
an I oiiilt the tirst house in the town, on the
oornrr of Second and Washington streets. This
iioU'-e still stands. They eatiiblished a small
store, whii li wa^ comhicted by the brothers
jointly for a period of twelv(> years. .\t the
(■', 1 of thill time Thomas piirdmsed the stock,
aii'l continued the business alone for several
years thereafter. In 18.";.' 'bey erected till' tirst
flour mill on the Calajtooya ri\er, and the flour
mill at the foot iT Ferry street they built in
18(i5. The brothers co.iliniied in partnership
until about 1880, when they di.-sulved. Thomas,
however, devoting his time to milling interests
till 1885, when be sold out and retired from
active life.

Ill 1854 Thomas Monteith returned to Oska-
loosa, Iowa, and on the ™'.ltli of July was united
in marriage to Miss ChristiiH' M. Dunbar, re-
turning at oni'e with his bride to ( )regon. After
many years of happy married life, he passed to
his eternal home -Inly <!L, 18Sl), leaving an
altlicted widow and four sorrowing children:
Archibald, Charlotte, Thomas M. and Christine.
Charlotte is now the wife of .1. V. I'ike.

In politics Mr. Monteith W'as a stanch Re-
publican. He served as (Jity Treasurer and
Councilman, and also represented his constitu-
ents as Mayor of .Mbaiiy. He was public-spir-
ited and generous, ever supporting those meas-
ures that tended to advuiKie the interests of tlio
city and county. In 1800 he and his wife
donated the seven acres of land on which now
stands the Albany Collegiate Institute.

In connection with the life of this worthy
pioneer wo also present a sketch of his son,
Thomas M. Monteith, the popular and efHcieiit
Postmaster of Albany.

Thomas M. Monteith was born in Albany, in
1802. He received his education in the public
schools and the Albany Collegiate Institute. At
the age of seventeen lie entered upon a clerkship
in the general merchandise store of L. ('line,
and a year later was employed as salesman by
Seitenbach & Monteith, with whom he remained
seven years. He was then employed in the dry-

10^ t

tiisTony Of oheOoN.

i t

goixls (le))!ii'tint'iit of SiiiiiMcl K. Young's store
until Marcli, 18'J1, at wliicli tinio lie received
tiio n[)p(jiutineiit of i'ostiiiaster by President
Harrison.

Mr. Monteilli was married in Alljany, in ISSi,
to iNfiss Netty Porter, a initive of Waitshurg,
Washington, daughter of O. T. Porter, a pioneer
of that State.

He is a member of tiie V. ^ A. M. and tlie
K. of 1'.

I.WII) M. MOOPiE, tlie able proprietor
and founder of the Oregon Brass Works,
and popular businiws man of Portland,
came to the nu'trojwlis in 1S71, when he started
his eslablishnient, wiiieh has been doing busi-
ness continuously ever since. The works were
first located on D street, between First and
Front streets, whence they were removed to
Seconil street, between C and D streets, aiul
tiiuUly removed to their present locality. No. 5!l
Second street, where the works are equipped
with all the most modern machinery, and most
improved methods for inannfacturing all kinds
of lirass-work and for doing an e,\tensive jobbing
business. Their facilities are all taxed to the
utmost to meet the demand of their large trade,
which extends throutrhout the \orthwest, this
being the oldest established works of the kind
in this country, which by its liberal methods
and business integrity has gained the confidence
of the surrounding country.

The subject of our sketch was born in Nash-
ville, Tennessee, December 3, ISiJ.j. His father,
David M. Moore, was a native of Pennsylvania.
The ancestor of the family in this country is be-
lieved to have been David ^[oore, who emigrated
from Ireland to the I'nited States in 1735, and
who located in Cumberland, Pennsylvania. He
was an Elder in the Marsh Oeek Presbyterian
Church, and serveu for nnvny years as a magis-
trate, dying January 19. 180:3.

The subject of our sketch was reared in Nash-
ville, attending the local schools, and leai'niTig
the inachiniiits' trade. When twenty years of
age, in 1855. he, like many others before and
since his time, became desirous of visiting the
golden West, and accordingly started for Oali-
lornia, via the Isth.nus. Arriving at his destina-
tion, he worked at his trade in San Francisco for
about ten years, part of this time conducting a
shop of his own.

In 1861 he enga^^ed in niininir inSan Mernardi
no county, where he remained for live years, and
sneceeded in losing all lie had so carefully and
laboriously accumulated.

He then returned to San Francisco, whore he
commenced working at his business again, ami
where he continued until he came to Portland
in 1871.

In this year he was married to Miss Sarah
Berry, an estimable lady and a native of Tennes-
see, who was a daughter of W. Cx. Perry, a highly
respected resident of that State. They have tivo
children, all of whom were born in Portland:
Nannie, Julia, David and William. Their happy
married life was destined to be of short dura-
tion, for, after twelve years, the faithful wife and
devoted mother die<l, in Febrmiry, 1883. She
was a laily of intelligence and extreme amiabil-
ity of cliaractei', and was greatly beloved by all
who knew her. Since then Mr. Moore has re-
mained single, dovotinj; hiniself to his children
and business interests. lie and his family re-
side in a large, comfortable residence, at No. 531
J street, where all that money can p ovide is
abundantlysnpplied to the inmates. Thegrounds
are pleasingly laid out, all suggesting comfort
and refinement.

Thus is exemplified what intelligence and
energy can accomplish, when persistently ap-
j)lied, and supplemented by the abundant re-
sources of this wonderfully favored State of Ore-
gon, the greatest pleasure of which seems to be
in dowering her children so richly as to bind
them by gratitude and affection to her bosom.

^mmm-

fJ. McPIIETlSON, Assessor of Lane
county, was born at Tipton, Missouri, in
o August. 18'1:8. His parents, J. C. and
Mary E. (Scott) McPhcrson, were natives of
Kentucky, bnt both emigrated to Missouri with
their parents among the pioneer settlers, and
were married. Mr. McPhorson reclaimed a
small farm from the prairie, and they resided
there until the springof 1852, when he sold out
and with his wife and children started for
Oregon. His conveyance was the regulation
"schooner," and his motive |)ower the ox team.
Starting u|ion the I3th of April, their progrosa
was slow but sure, and meeting with no unusual
adventure, they landed at the Dalles on the Ist
of SeptemlMjr, and went thence to the mouth of
the Saiuly. The family making the trip on the

ni \'^'

•U ■»_-..-

nisTOHY Oh' onEooy.

1161

('oliunl)ia, and the cattle taking to the trail. At
the Sandy they ai^ain took their waj^ons and
drove to I'ortland, tlien n|) the Willamette val-
ley, and located a donation claim of 3'2(t acrcri,
near the present town of Silverton, and then
they followed fanning and improved the claim,
until 1864, when he sohl and purchased 120
acres near Springfield, and thei'(« thoy resided
until 1884, wlu^n they removed to Euirene, and
Mr. A[cPherfion died, in 1885, but his widow still
survives.

P. J. Mcl'herson is the eldest of six children,
who readied the age of maturity, lie was edu-
cated ill Oregon and continued to reside with
his parents, eiiffagod in farming until 1872, when
he was married to Catherine Landis, of Iowa,
and daughter of Ahrain Landis, pioneer of
1853. After marriage Mr. and ^[rs. SlcPherson
settled upon his farm and remained there until
1885, when he removed to Eugene, and bought
town property, building his present home on
Thirteenth street, between Patterson and Ferry.
As Assessor of Lane ( ounty Mr. McPherson has
has j)erfoiined long and faithful service. lie
was first elected by the Democratic party in
1878, and re-elected in 1880 and 1882. He
t!'«n retired from office and followed the grain-
commission and warehouse-storage business, but
he was again elected in 18!((), and is now, in 1892,
a nominee of the Democratic ))arty for the same
position. His continuous recall to this office is
the best recommendation that could be given
him by the people as to his ability, integrity
and honest discharge of duty. lie is a member
of 1. O. O. F.

fl|OnKIlT W. MoNUTT, an enterprising
flsi merchant of Cornelius, Oregon, can safely
'i'ijjjj bc! styled a self-made man. His parents,
\V iiiiain II. and Ann A. (Pattoii) McXutt. were
natives of Nova Scotia, the former born in
1802. In 1847 they moved to Illinois, in
lf^57 to Minnesota, and in 1809 to Oregon.
They settled in Washington county and iiere
passed the rest of their lives, the mother dying
in 1879, and the father in 1881. They were
Missionary Baptists, and their lives were char-
acterized oy simplicity, frugality and honesty
and uprightness. Few of the pioneers of
Washington county were more highly respected
than they. Five of their children survive them:
Robert W. being the youngest.

Mr. McNutt was born in Nova Scotia, April
28, 1840, and wa.-< two years old when his par-
ents moved to Illinois. Eleven years later he
went with them to Minnesota, and in that State
grew to manhood and learned civil engineering.
August 19, 181)2, during the country's great
need for soldiers, he volunteered his services,
and was mustered into Cotnyiany E, Xintli Min-
nesota Volunteer Infantry, being in the Western
Department, and on patrol duty nearly all the
time till the close of tlio war. After thi< war he
returned to Minnesota, and for two years was
engaged in farming there. In 18(57 he came to
Oregon, and, after remaining a year in Inde-
pendence, Polk county, came to Washington
county and to()k a homestead three miles north-
west of Forest (irove. During the building of
the West Side railroad he worked on it, and while
thus employed bi'came ac([uainted with a Port-
land gentleman, who offered to trust him for all
the goods he wanted if he wished to engage in
merchandising. He accepted the offer, bought
$750 worth of goods on time, started out with
a peddling wagon, and traveled pU over the
county, meeting with success and becoming well
acquainted with the peo[)le. Shortly afterward
he started a store at Cornelius, where he also
was successful, and in 1887 he eatablished a
branch store in the Chehalein valley. I'oth of
these htores he still conducts, lie is the founder
of the town of Vernoni, in Columbia county,
and is the owner of the stage line between it and
Cornelius. His marked success is ample evi-
dence of his business ability, and the high esteem
in which he is held by the people of this county,
with whom he has had dealings, is stnuigest
proof of his integrity.

Jlr. McNutt was married, in 1857, to Miss
Martha J. Foster, a native of Maine, who died
October 11, 1890, after more than thirty years
of happy married life. They had si.f children,
three of whom are living: Elmer S., Ulysses
and Carroll, all engaged in biisiiu^ss with their
father. Mr. McNiitt is a Knight of Pythias
and iV member of the Methodist Church. His
wife was also a devoted member of that church.

fAMES E. MILLER, one of the leading and
iiiHuential citizens of Pendlo ton, Oregon,
was born in Fayette county, Indiana,
.laniiarv 4, 1853. llis parents, .laiiies and
Eliza (Campbell) Miller, natives of Peiinsylvu-

■■PPaMPi

-^■. i-5,inijam»M.

1182

UISTOUr OF OUEGON.

vmnoved to Indi!

wli

\ :

nia, vmnoved to IndidtiM \vIm;ii yoiiiif^. Tlicy
were liotli rearod iiikI iniirried in the latter Stiitc.
After mairiaire tliey remained in Indiana, en-
f^iiged in farniinij; until -'So7, when tliey re-
moved to Minnesota, Louifht a farm, where the
fatlier still resides. His wife dieil in 1888. Mr.
Miller is ,-till an old man as he was horn in 18"20.
Jlis hrother, .John L. Miller, is a distin|^iiished
lawyer and note<l politician of Indiana. He ran
for Congress on the (Jreenback ticket, in 1878,
ancl was the first meniher of that party. This
gentleman was Captain in tlie Eleventh Indi-
ana Zouave Regiment iiiider Colonel Lew Wal-
lace, afterward General Wallace.

The suliject of this sketch was the fourth
child in a family of ten children, seven of whom
are now livinj.;. He was reared on the farm and
received his education in the public echool,
learninff all these offered. After he reached
man's estate. .Mr. Miller chose the ])rofe8sion of
law for his ealline;, and beiran the study of that
science under Waite Freeman. During the en-
tire time Mr. Miller was pursuini^ his studies
he was obliged to manage the farm, so labored
under many di^advantaifes. Xotwithstandinii
all discouragements .Nfr. Miller was admitted to
practice his profession May 17, 1882, and in the
following spring came to Oregon, settling in
Pendleton, where he opened an office. Since
his arrival in the city, Mr. Miller has taken
quite an interest in the political aifuirs of the
town and county. He was a memlx'r of the
State Central Committee at the time of the
voting upon the prouiliition amendment in the
State Legislature. Umatilla county was sup-
posed to go 500 majority against the amend-
ment, but owing to the management of Mr.
Millei', the amendment was carried by 250 ma-
jority.

Ai)out this time Mr. Miller became ac(|uiiiuted
with the charming young widow, Mrs. Dora
McHutchen, iiee Cherry, a native of Missouri,
and March 'i, 1889 they were mari'ied. Mrs.
Miller had three children by her first marriage,
namely: Klizabeth, Fred ami JS'ellie. Mr. and
Mrs. .Sliller have two children, namely: Dora
and La \"erd.

Mr. Miller has always had to labor under a
disadvantage, as he was oi)liited to aid his father
in paying oft' an indelitedness. He proved him-
selt a good son, as he never left his childhood
home until his father owned his farm ami was
entirely free from all incumbrances. Siiu'C his
arrival in Oregon Mr. Miller has jiurcliase'l

himself a little home and is now in the enjoy-
ment of a snug, little fortune. His business is
rapiilly increasing; and, although so young a man,
is well versed in his profession, ilr, Miller
gi\es promise (jf bec^oming one of the shining
lights (d'tlie legal profession. He is a Repub-
lican from conviction, and upholds the princi-
ples of that party because he believes that the
platform of that organization is best suited to
the needs of the party. Air. Miller has never
sought or held political office, the cares of his
large practice forbidding, but there is no doubt
but that so poiiular a gentleman could be elected
to most any oftice within the gift of the people,
if lU' would care to accept.

ILLIAM MILLKR.one of Oregon's pio-
neers and a |»r(uninent and successful
agriculturist of Marion county, came to
the State in 1841). He is descendeil from one
of the old dans of the Highlands in Scotland,
Malcoin Aliller, a renowned Highland chieftain
being one of his ancestors. His parents, An-
drew and Isabelle (Spear) Miller, were also na-
tives of Scotland; they had a family of nine
children, oidy two of whom survive, the young-
est daughter and William the subject of this
biograj)hical notice. He was born in Lamirk-
shire, Scotland, .Inly 20, 1815, and wdien he
grew to man's estate he engaged in coal and
iron mining. At the age of twenty-seven years
he emigrated to the United States, arriving in
the port of New York, May 28, 1842. Ho
went to Pennsylvania, and there engaged in
mining for coal, but remained only a short time;
from this point ho went to Shelby county, Illi-
nois, where he ha<l some mining and farming
interests. After about five years spent in Illi-
nois, March 20, 184(i. he started across the
plains to Oregon, making the journey with ox
teams. They encountcre<l a tribe of Indians,
1,500 strong, who demanded presents, saying
that the great White Chief (meaning Fremont),
had told them that trains passing througli should
give them gifts; the travelers readily consented
to this. That night the chiefs and braves came
to the camp, receiving tlour a id jjrovisions and.
a sujiper; they assured the emigrants that they
need not guard their slock that night and on
the following morning, after jtartaking of break-
fast, the Indians assisted in breaking cnmj), and

HISTORY OF OREGON.

11 (i3

enpy-
iiiess is
\\i, a mail,
•, .Miller
sliiniiii^
1 Rcpul)-
' priiici-
that tho
suited to
as never
of liis
no doubt
>e elected
people,

allowed the jmii'iiey to lie resumed. Wlii'ii J\Ir.
Miller arrived in the Willamette valley he set-
tled upon a Government donation of land, the
tract consisting of (i40 acres, and built a resi-
dence there. When the Caynse war broke out,
he was one of the first to offer his service to
(piell the I'cvolt, and was one of theeeventy men
who volunteered to "jo to the rescue of "Walker
and Meal when they and their families were in
danger of beinir murdered.

Longhead, a chief who hail not engaged in the
war, gave as his reason in a 8])cech, that he had
been informed that there was no end to the
guns and ammunition owned by the I'ostons, and
that they were thick as grass on the prairie;
they would, therefore, come by legions and ovei'-
power and destroy the Indians.

]\[r. Miller went to California, in the fall of
1848, accompanied by his partner, Mr. lilevins,
the agreement being that they woidd take care
of each other at all hazards; they mined on the
Mokelumne and Stanislaus, and were very suc-
cessful. ^[r. Hlevins, however, fell sick, and it
was decided that they should return to the East;
this they did, coming by the Isthmus. Mr.
^Miller's family were in Illinois, and in 185(1 lit^
came back to Oregon, accompanied by them and
a party of thirty-five; he purchased the outfit,
and was to receive 8100 each from the men, but
upon his arrival here he would accept nothing
from them. On the journey a daughter was ad-
de(l to his houshhold, who was name<l Caroline;
one of the children, Andrew, was born before
leaving Scotland; and Jane in Schuyler county,
Illinois, February IH, 1845; and in Oregon there
were added to the family five children; of all
these, only Jane survives; she is the wife of
P'rank Kellogg.

I'rosjierity has attended Mr. Miller, and he is
the owner of 1,070 acrces of land and a pleas-
ant dwelling in Salem. For some years he has
heen engaged in raising sheep, horses and cattle,
but more recently has devoted his attention to
the cultivation of wheat, oats and hay. lie has
produeeod forty-four bushels to the acre, hut
latterly twenty-seven bushels have been an av-
erage crop. In 1891 he rea|)ed from 960 acres
a crop of 10,000 bushels of wheat and oats, and
sixty tons of hay. Our worthy subject has been
a member of the Masonic order since 1840. He
and his wife are members of tlie Presbyterian
Cliurcl). During the war he stood tirmily for
th<! I'nion, but he affiliates with the Democratic
, 1 'ty.

II is marriage occurred in Scotland, March 28,
1837, when lie was united to Miss .lane Mc-
Donald; they crossed the sea together, and
traveled the plains side by side, and I'or tifty-
four years have been true and tried com])anion8.
They are now spending their declining days in
the enjoyment of peace and plenty, having made
a name honored Mlierever it is known.

■9—i-^^ti^-

?J. MORGAN, one of the most prominent
of the illustrious developers of the great
* commonwealth of Oregon, was born in
tlie State of Missouri, on November 8, 1851.
His father, Charles 11. Morgan, was bom in
Illinois, and his givindfather was a Kentucky
pioneer. His father married Miss Jane Gates,
a native of Illinois, and they had eight children,
two of whom died in their infancy; six children
are now living. The subject of our sketch was
reared in Missouri, where he lived until lie was
thirteen years of age, Mhen, in 1804, his father
and family all crossed the sandy deeert to ( >re-
gon, settling in Yam Hill county, where they
lived for two years, after which they removed
to Wasliington county, where they lived until
their ileatli; the mother died in 1873, the father
survived the mother twelve years, dying in A.
D. 1885. They were both consistent members
of the Christian Church, and enjoyed the esteem
of all who knew them. Mr. J.J. Morgan was
married in 1873. to Miss EminaE. Humphreys,
a native of Washington county, and a daughter
of Judge T. D. Humphreys, an honored pioneer
and ex-Judge of the county.

Mr. Morgan was principally educated in
Washington county, and began to manage fo.
himself with a rented farm near Hillsboro. ile
was later engaged in the warehouse business,
and also in sawtnilling at Hillsboro, for about
twelve years. At this time he turned his at-
tention to the real-estate business, investing and
dealing on his own account. He first purchased
two half-sections of land, five miles north of
Hillsboro, for which he paid §14,000, which he
held for two years, receiving for it then the
amount of $2(),000. lie lias since then invested
in other farm property in Hillsboro and other
places. He has also been largely interested ir,
the building up of the city of Hillsboro, having
built a number of residences, warehouses and
business houses. He, in parUiership with Dr,

Il<i4

Hisronr of oregon.

II!

I'ailey, lius built tlio finest i)l()cl< in tlie county,
on tilt' corner of Sfcond .and Main streets, llills-
l)oro, wiiicli is a brick block of 50x123 feet,
two stoi'iea liigli, with a f^alvanized cornice,
which is a credit alike to the city and the build-
ers, ^[r. Moritan, as ni!\na<rer for others, has
invested in lari^e tracts of land immediately
around and surrounding the city of Ilillsboro,
which they have subdivided and put on the
market, lie is a member of the firm of Iluffhes,
Morjj;an it Rogers, the larirest deali'rs in ii;en-
eral merchandise in the county, and is also a
stockholder in the Ilillsboro Co-operative Com-
pany, who liave built a store and stocked it with
hardware, with which they are doing a large
business. He is also a stockholder in the Ilills-
boro I'ublishing Company, as well as of the
First Mational Bank of Ilillsboro, of which lat-
ter institution he is vice president. He is very
enterprising and eminently successful, and has
been instrumental in aiding the material and
moral growth and welfare of his favorite city.

When a projxisition was before the town of
Ilillsboro for a $15,00(1 8ul)sidy for the .Vstoria
& South Coast railroad, Mr. Alorgun was one
of three men who subscribed !^1,000 each to Imve
the road run to Ilillsboro, one-fifteenth of the
whole amount amount asked. A man witli a
public spirit like this will make things move,
and build up towns and counti'y.

They have had throe children, of whom two
died, James Klwootl and Clarence. The sur-
viving child is named Ethel.

Mr. Morgan is an indejiendent Ilepublicaii in
politics. He belongs to the I. O. O. F., of
which he is a respectiMl member. He, like his
j)arents, has for years been a member of the
Christian Church, to the support of which hs
has liberally contributed.

Honoralile in his dealings and cordial in his
business and social relations, he has won tlic
esteem of a large circle of acquaintances and
friends.

fAMFS W. MORGAN, one of the promi-
nent business men of Ilillsboro, is a native
of Missouri, born November 4, lHo8. He
is the son of Charles R. Morgan, also a native of
Missouri. Mr. Morgar' came with his family to
Oregon in I8f)f. He was then in his si.xth year.
They first resided in Vani Hill county a ycai', and
then went to Washington county, where he was

raised and r(>ceived his education in the public
schools. When ho became of age he received the
appointinentof Deputy County Clerk, and served
under A. Lewelling, A. W. Lewelling and .John
Steot. During those years ho became an ex-
pert in the business of a clerk, and in 1844 he
was renominated for the place by the Republi-
can ])arty, and was elected. After serving for
two years he was renominated and re-elected,
and served his second term, which was as long
as he could serve, there being a rule to that
effect. Mr. Moriran's service in the office was
highly satisfactory, and through it he has become
widely and favorably known to all the citizens
of his county. After the close of his term of
office, he engaged in general mercantile busi-
ness in Ilillsboro, under the firm of Hughes,
Morgan ife IJogers. They do a large retail gen-
eral II, rcantile busint-ss, and all of the young
menbeingeiiterprising business men, and as they
always follow honest methods in their dealings
with their customers, they have a great portion
of the trade that naturally belongs to Ilillsboro
from Washington county.

Mr. Morgan was married in November, 1886,
to Miss Susan ISrown, of Oregon, the daughter
of William and Susan I'rown, worthy pioneers
of Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan have one
son, Fdwin. They live in a nice house in the
city of Ilillsboro.

Mr. Alorgan is a member of the I. O. O. F.,
and has twice been elected and served as a mem-
ber of tlie ('ity (!ouncil. He intCi 'sts himself
in everything that is likely to aid in the devel-
opment of the city and county.

SRANlv M. Ml'LKEY, an esteemed native
son of I'orthuid, Oregon, and a prtunising
young member of tlu; bar of the metropolis,
was born August 4, 1800.

His father, Marion Francis Mulkey, was born
in Johnson county, Missouri, November 14,
lSi3l), and was the son of Johnson Mulkey, who
crossed the plains to Oregon, with his family,
in 1840. He located on a donation claim in
lienton county, where his son, Marion, spent
his boyhood, ol)taining his primary education in
the customary log schoolhouse of the pioneer.
Later he attended the college at Forest Grove,
which was then under the able guidance of thu
late Dr. S. II. Marsh. While he was yet a stu-

BISTOHV OP OUECON.

lie,-)

dctit tlie lucliiin wnr of 1850 bnikc out, ami he
iiiiiiu'iliatoly joiiUMl the ariiiy, eerviiig until the
IndiauB were subdued and peace, declared.

In 1858 he entered Yale (blleire, at whieli
institution he graduated in 1802. lie then re-
turned to Portland, Oregon, where he coni-
niencod the study of law under the tuition of
Judge E. I). Shattuck. While thus ciujiloyed
he acted, during 1863, as I'rovost-Marshal, aid-
ing in the enrolltnent of tliat year. The follow-
ing year he was admitted to the liar, and was
for several years a member of the law firm of
Hill ife Mulkey, of which the senior partner was
W. Lair Hill. Mr. Mulkey was so thoroughly
equipped for the practice of law, tor which he
had such marked ability, that, in 1800, he was
elected Prosecuting Attorney for the Fourth
Judicial District, and the following year repre-
sented the Third Ward in the City Council. In
187:i he was elected City Attorney of I'ortland,
and the next year w'as re-elected to the same
jjosition. On retiring from office he formed a
law partnership with the Hon. J. F. Caples, and
during his partner's three successive terms of
service as District Attorney, Mr. Mulkey served
as Deputy.

Thus his business increased with his growing
reputation until he found his time most profit-
ably employed. In the midst of his multiform
duties he found time to make many valuable in-
vestments in real estate in his favorite city, all
of which he improved by thi' erection of sub-
stantial buildings thereon, thus enhancing the
value of his own property, besides benefiting
that of others, and at the same time building up
and beautifying the metropolis. Among others
may be mentioned tlu' Mulkey lilock, a substan-
tial business pile of 100 feet sijuare, three stories
high, with a basement, located on the corner of
Second and Morrison streets, which is a monii-
nient to his enterjirise and business ability.

In politics, he was a Republican, and a worthy
member of the Masonic fraternity.

He was married, in 1803, to Miss Mary E.
Porter, of New Haven, Connecticnt, belonging
to a highly respected family of the city of l""lms.
By this marriage there were two sons: Frank
M., whose name heads this sketch, who is now
his father's representative; and Fred, now in
college. The mother resides in I'ortland.

The father's death occurred on P'ebrnary 25,

1880, when lie was at the height of his success

and usefulness. It was most unexpected, and

lilled the community with sadness. His life

high minded and jjublic-spirited citizen.

His son, whose name lieiids our sketch, was

was one of unswerving integrity and exidlecl
honor, and the public press vied with the bar,
of which latter institution he was so long an
csteenuid membei-, in expressing in feeling
terms, their deep sense of the irretrievable loss
suffered by the community in the death of this

d ])Mblic-spi

)se name h(

educated in the Oregon I'niversity, at wliicl' he
graduated in 1889. He then studied law with
.ludge (-aples, of Portland, aii<l was admitted to
the bar in June, 1801, and now has charge of
his father's business. He also bids fair to fol-
low in the footsteps of that illustrious man.
whose mi'mory he cherishes as that of a person
deserving of the deepest veneration.

lU. WILLIAM KDWAllD MOU.VNM). a
distinguished botanic, physician of Port-
land, Oregon, was born in Illinois. No-
vember 22, 1850. His |)areiits were Dr. M. C.
Morand, and Dr. Mary C. E. Morand: the latter
afterwartl became the wife of Dr. George
Kellogg, a celebrated pioneer of Oregon,
and the discoverer and owner of Kellogg's
botaidc remedies. Under the in.struction of
this worthy gentleman, the subject of our
sketch studied .ledicine, ami afterward practiced
with Dr. Kellogg, ami, at the time of Dr. Kel-
logg's death, was a ])artner in the manufacture
and sale of that gentleman's medicines.

Dr. Kellogg was born April 0, 18U, comiii,^
to Oregon in 1851. He was talented and able,
and jiroduced several valuable .nedicincH. which
it was his desire should be continued to be
manufactured for the alleviation of the suHer-
ingof humanity. Ho died \pril 28, 1880, and
his widow and her son are contiiuiing his busi-
ness. The following is a list of the medicines
which they manufacture: Balsam of Life,
Family ],in"iinent. Compound Cathartic Hitters,
Golden Liniment for Catarrh, (iolden Urinary
Specific. Lung Haleaiii and Cough Drops. These
meilieines are sold in drug stores on commis-
sion, throughont the entire coast country, and
have been found to be valuable remedies.

Mrs. Kellogg, the talented mother of the snb-
y.'ct of our sketch, was liorn in Illinois, and wk;
educated at the lacksonville Seminary, of which
Dr. Jmiues was president. He was a student
of both allopathy and hydropathy, and nft(ir

' !'

ifl

1168

n I STORY OF OREGON.

Btiidyiiiff ini'diciiie under liis iiistriiction, she
aftcrwanl took a course with Dr. 1*. W. Sliiistid,
of I'lltstielil, IlliiKiis. At tlie (ii;c of >('veiitcen,
slie inirried Dr. M. CMoriind. Tliey had two
son,«, the siilijec-t of our sketcli and Khner K.
Moriind, who is now a coinniiesion inordiant of
I'oi'thiiid. Ill 1874, the mother came to Orcifoii
to prolong licr life, and ti^ ■ ytiars later hecame
till' wife of Dr. (leorgc ivellogg, from whom
she had received niHterial aid fur con8nni|)tion.
With iiiin she began the study of his system of
medieiiu", and became eonviiiced of its value,
and has adopted it in her practice. Siie engaged
with him in the manufacture of liis medicines,
which she now continues with her eon.

The subject of our sketch was reared in Illi-
nois and in Iowa. In IS'U, his father enlisted
ill the I'liion army, in which lie served until
the close of the war, in which he was wounded
and rendered blind. Our subject read medicine
in Carlton, Missouri, with Dr. Atkinson. From
there, he moved to Kansas, and, in 1877, came
to Portland, where he continued his studies witli
Dr. Kellogf^, and, as before stated, commenced
his jiractice with that gentleman, and is now
associated with his mother in the manufacture
and sale of medicines, besides continuing his
practice.

Dr. Morand has investeil considerably in
property, both mining and farming, both of
which liavc proved valuable.

I'olitically, he has always affiliated with the
Republican party, its principles being more
nearly in conformity with his sentiments.

The Doctor labors under the disadvantage of
being overshadowed by the talent of an unusu-
ally gifted father and mother. As it is, how-
ever, he thrives remarkably well, and iinrsuesliis
way ([uietly and successfully, followed by the
good wishes of his fellow-men.

fA.MKS M. AfARTIN, one of the most enter-
prising and progressive business men of
8alein, is a native of Lawrence countv. I'enn-
sylvania, born August 4, 183(i. The early an-
cestors of the family were Scotch; they emi-
grated from their own land to Ireland, anil there
Joseph Martin, the father of James M., was
born. He married Aliss .fane (troves, and tliey
crossed the sea to the New World, settling in
the State of Illinois. They ha4 born to thpni

seven children. W. W. and James M. 'being
the only surviving members of the family. The
father died in 1888. He was a man of high
and honorable jirinciples, and merited the re-
spect lie freely received. James M. Martin was
reared in Illinois, but returned to Pennsylvania,
where hi' finished a collegiate education. He
afterward returned to Illinois, anil was engaged
in the grain and shipping business with his
father at (ialena, where he remained until he
came to the Pacific coast, in iSti^. He crossed
the plains, and came direct to Salem, driving a
mule team from Omaha; the journey was ac-
complished from the last of April to September
17; the party was attacked by the Indians, and
although they escaped uninjured, the train iin-
mi'diately following was almost annihilated by
the savages.

Afr. Martin's first occupation in Oregon was
teaching school, and he was afterward engaged
ill clerking for two years. He then went to the
mines in Idaho, where he met with fair success
during the sunimerof 1865. He ecld his claim,
returned to Salem, and embarked in (he grocery
trade in partnership with David Allen, now of
Seattle. The firm of Martin ^: Allen did a
prosperous business for twenty-five years, and
was regarded as one of the most reliable estab-
lisliments in the city. In the fall of 1885 they
closed out the business.

On tlie 22d day of February, 1871, the City
Water- WorksConipany was organized and incor-
porated: W. F. Patlihy, president; David Allen,
secretary; II. Stapleton and J. M. Martin, di-
rectors. In 188.") Mr. Martin was elected presi-
dent of the coni])any, and has also filled the office
of secretary, having the exclusive management
of the business. It has grown in importance,
and has come to be recognized as one of the
most profitable enterprises of the city. Mr.
Martin was prominently connected with the or-
ganization of the Presbyterian Church of Salem,
in 18()9, and has since been one of the oftiolul
members of the society.

He was united in marriage, in 186(5, to Miss
Cynthia C. Kobinson, a native of Tennessee,
and of this union two children have been born,
only one of mIioih survives, Maud .\., now at-
tending school. Mrs. Martin died efuly 14,
1877, and Mr. Martin's second marriage occurred
November 14, 1884, when lie was united to Miss
Miranda Tillotson, a native of New ^'ork. He
owns a handsome residence on the corner of
Court and Twelfth streets.

in STORY OF UUKOON.

11U7

I'olitically, lie affiliates with the Ue|Hiblipan
party; altlioiigli his connection with the water-
works preeluiles the possihility of his holding
otHce in tin- city, he takes a dee[) interest in the
affairs of government, and is ever ready to lend
liis support to those movements which tend to
benefit the masses. It was Mr. Martin's good
fortnne to have the honor of a personal acquaint-
ance with (reneral Grant, when a citizen of Ga-
lena, Illinois.

JUS. fl()up:n('I': hrown martin,

the alile and popular vice-principal of
the Failing School, Portland, Oregon, is
a native of Ohio, and is a daughter of Mr. David
Brown, a prosperous and highly respected farmer
of the Buckeye State. The family originatcil
in Scotland, and were early settlers of Virginia,
where various memhers resided for many years.
The father of the subject of this sketch married
Miss Fanny I'age, a native of New York, who
was of Puritan ancestry, and inherited the zeal-
ous traits and religious traditions of that sect.
Their iiome was in Delaware county, Ohio.
They had ten children, six of whom are now
living, the subject of our sketch being the sixth
in order of birth.

She was educated at the Wesleyan Female
College, Delaware, Ohio, and later attended the
Iowa State College four years, where she grad-
uated in the class of 1878, with the degree of
B. S. She has since graduation taken a course
in physical training, under Dr. Anderson of
Adelphi Acadi^my, New York, and holds a di-
ploma from that institution. She has also taken
a course in special lines of literary work since
graduation, in connection with the school of
Liberal Arts, at Chautauijua, Xew York, having
spent some of her summer vacations at that
poj)ular educational and literary retreat.

She served for some time as princij)al of the
Wheatland Schools, in Clinton county, Iowa,
after which she served in the same capacity in
the (Tarfield School, at Ottumwa, the same State.
While officiating in the latter position she was
elected principal of the schools of Astoria. Ore-
gon, where she remained for five years. She
was at that time elected vice-principal of the
Failing School, in Portland, in which capacity
she is now serving her fourth year.

She has made teaching her life-work, is a
thorough scholar, and genuinely in love with

her profession. Her nuiiiy amiable traits of
character have endeared her to her fellow-teach-
ers and pupils, and contributed no little to her
eminent success in her chosen calling.

She is a worthy member of the First Congre-
gational Church of Portland, and, as becomes
an educated American, is liberal and tolerant in
her religious views.

In this time of political domination, the West
seems determined to set the older civilization of
the East an example of freedom from such en-
tanglements, by advancing the deserving and
giving honor to whom it is due. She is an en-
thusiastic admirer of the West, and glories in
the great and promising Held of educational
work, which opens to those who bring to their
work devotion and the spirit of progressive
aggression.

fW. MASTERS, of IlillslHiro, Oregon, is a
native of Washington county, Oregon,
* born on his father's donation claim, two
and (jne-half miles east of Hillsboro, on the
5th of March, 1845. His father crossed the
jilains in the year 1843, in the first overland
wagon team that came to the Territory. He was
a native of Kentucky, of Scotch and Welsh an-
cestry, but they were early settlers in Kentucky,
as his father was also a native of that State.
Mr. Masters, Sr., married Miss Sarah Jane .lenk-
ins, of the same State. They had five children.
The marriage took ])lace in Missouri, in 1842,
and the following spring they started across the
plains for Oregon. The first winter was spent
in the Willamette valley, and in 1847 they took
a donation claim at Reedville, where they built a
cabin and began pioneer life. The discovery of
gold in 184'.t took them overland to California,
with the oxen. They engaged in tavern keep-
ing at Suttersville until the fall of I80O. Mr.
blasters had only mined one day, but had made
money at his hotel business. They returned to
Oregon on the steamer Aurora, and were ship-
wrecked at Astoria. They were taken off m
boats. They then returned to their homestead,
and here Mr. Masters resided to the day of his
death. He died in 1856, but his wife still sur-
vives and owns the property, l^ater she mar-
vied Mr. Mull, and they have had three children,
and all are living.

J. W. Masters was educated near Farmington
until his father's dentil. After that he worke4

1108

HISTORY OF ORKnON.

oil tlio tHi'iii until )iu beuatiiu nl' ai{c, and tlion
lie purt'liased 280 iicivs of land adjoining and
tioiin after Miarricij Miss Harris, of North Vani
Hill, and the dangliter oi' Thomas and Ilnlda
(Dawson) Harris. They came to Orcffon in
18+!), and Ins served in the Vakinia war. He
died in 1857, and his wife died in 18(18.

Mr. ami Airs. Masters ri'sidt'(l on the farm
until 1888, when A[r. Masters sold ont and re-
moved to llillsboro, where ho pun-hased thirty-
five acres of land adjoining the town and hnilt
a tine residence, lie resiiles heri' and carries on
agricultural jjursuits. Mr. Masters is a li(^-
puhlican. ami takes a deep interest in the att'airs
of his State, and is justly proud of its growth.
He is a good citizen, who devotes his time aiul
attention to tlu' good of his State, county and
town.

^OiN. JOHN 11. MOOllES, deceased, came
fM) to Oregon in 1852, and during the re-
h^ mainder of his life, was prominently iden-
tified with the history of the State and tlie city
of Sali'm. Ho was of Scotch-Irish ancestry,
his forefathers emigrating to America more
than acentui'y ago. llis parents, Colonel Isaac
K. and .Jane(.\lexa!ider) Moores, reared a family
of seven children, of whom none survive. lie
was horn at Iluntsville, Aiahama, in Lawrence
county, June 21, 1821; when he was three
years old his father removed to Danville, Illi-
nois, and there he grew to matn.ity. lie after-
ward went to Henton, Missouri, and was en-
gaged in merchandising for several years. In
1847 he returned to Danville, Illinois, and there
was married to Miss Virginia Lemon, a native
of Virginia, and a daughter of John and Rachel
JiCnion, early settlers of Virginia. In 1851
Mr. Moores disposed of his property in Mis-
souri and returned to Illinois: there he decided
to come to the Pacific coast with his father;
they organized a company in 1852, and in
Alarch of that year they started on the long and
weary journey across the plains; they reached
the Dalles late in the autumn, and from that
jilace made their way down the Columliia river
to I'ortlanii, where they arrived in Novemher,
1853. In February, 1858, Mr. Moores came tt)
Salem, and embarked in mercantile pursuits,
which he continued for years; later in life ho
made large investments in flouring mills and in
lumber interests, lli.s death occuf.'ed December
15, 1880.

During the civil war he stanchly supjiortod
the I'nion, rendering eflicdent service to the
Sanitary Commission. For several years during
his early residence in Salem, ho was Postmaster
of the place, and for a long |)eriod, was Treas-
urer of the county; ho was Oouncihnan, and
for four terms, was Mayor of the city. In
1870 he waselecteil Seiuiturfrom Marion county,
ami was re elected to that otHce, the duti 'V
which ho performed with great credit to hi .f
and the entire satisfaction of a Uepublica: i ii-
stituency. He was one of the Commissioners
who secui'ed for the State, the ground now oc-
cupied by the State Penitentiary and the Insane
Asylum. He was one of the founders of the
Oregon State Agricultural Society, and was for
many years its Treasurer. He took a deep in-
terest in public and private educational institu-
tions, and was at one time School Director.
For nearly a (juarter of a century ho -was a
member and officer of the Hoard of Trustees of
the Fniversity. During his latter years he
was in ill health, and the last public act of his
life was to cast his suffrage for Garfield and
Arthur. This duty done, he retired to his home,
and did not leave the threshold again until
borne by the hands of his brothers of the I. O.
O. F. fraternity, lie was a truly loyal citizen,
and in his relationship as husband and parent,
he left no obligation unfulfilled.

¥^k^

PAVID A. OSHOIIN.— The above named
gentleman, wlio is the popular Sheriff of
ISenton couTity, is the son of John M. Os-
born, a native of Pennsylvania, whose ancestors
were early and iiiiiuential settlers of the Key-
stone State. The mother of our subject was
also born in the State of Pennsylvania, and the
family removed to Uenton county in 1804.

The subject of this brief sketch was born in
Crawford county. Pennsylvania, November 2,
1850, but grew to manhood and received his
education in the county, which he now serves
as Sheriff. He was reared to farm life and at-
tended the common schools, but later had the
opportunity of attending the State Agricultural
College, of Corvallia, and completed his col-
legiate course in i878. Ho tlien engaged in
stock-raising for several years, and in 188t') was
appointed Deputy County Sheriif, under Will-

lUSTOUY OF OHEOON.

iidd

y 8ii|i|(orto(l

vice to tlio

years during

i Post master

was Treas-

iciiinan, and

10 city. In

irioii c'ouiity,

11' diiti -f

it to lii .f

iibiica; i ii-

imiiiiesioiiers

niiil now oc-

d tiie Insane

nders of tlio

and was for

k a deep in-

ional institu-

ool Director.

iry lio •was a

f TrusteoB of

ter years he

lie act of liis

Gariield and

I to his home,

: again until

J of the I. ().

loyal citizen,

d and parent,

above named
liar Sheriff of

John M. Os-
lose ancestors

of the Key-
' subject was
mnia, and the
in 1804.

I was born in
November 2,

received his
e now serves

II life and at-
later had the

) Agricultural
leted his col-
jn engaged in
J in 188t) was
f, un.ler Will-

iam MacKiiy, and to continued until 18U2, when
his party nominated and elected him to the im-
portant office of Sheritt".

February 28, 1880, Afr. Osborn was married
to Miss Emma Uodgcrs, a native of Oregon, and
the daiitrliter of Charles Kodtiors, one oi' Culi-
fornia's early pioneers. Mrs. Dsiiorn has borne
her husband one child, Kcliia.

Politically, Mr. Osborn has always acted witii
the progressive wing of the Denincratic party.
In his social affiliations lie is allied with the
A. F. it A. M., also the K. of I'., in the last
named order he has passed all the chairs, and is
a iiieinber (jf the grand lodge. His reputation
in the community, as a worthy gentleman, is
beyond (piestion. His upright and inaiily (juali-
ties have gained tor him a large circle of friends.

^OX. W. T. XEWMY, the founder of the
W\ city of McMinnvillo, and one of Oregon's
honored pioneers of 1S4;5, was born in
McMiimville, Warren county, Tennessee, March
23, 1820. He was of Scotch descent, his ances-
tors having located in America at an early day.
Left an orphan when ijuite young, he was reared
in his native State, and in 1834 removed to
Missouri, where he lived four years. In 1841
he married Miss Sarah Jane MeGary, a native
of Kentucky.

About this time the far West presented many
attractive features to the ambition.s young man.
In 1843, lured by the rich lands and mild cli-
mate, and the prospect of helping to found a
new commonwealth on the Pacific coiist, Mr.
Newby and his wife crossed the plains to Ore-
gon. He located at Oregon ("ity, then the trad-
ing station of the Willamette valley, and in
1844 came to Yam Hill county, which then
contained only six settlers. He located his
donation claim, where the prosperous city of
McMinnville now stands, and here began his
labors as a pioneer farmer. In ISoS he erected
a gristmill on Ikker creek, and on this same
8i)ot, in 1889, a large sawmill waserected. The
site of this mill became the nucleus of the town.
It was located at the foot of Third street. In
1854 Mr. Newby built a store, and the follow-
ing year the town of McMinnville was founded.
He named it in honor of his old home in Ten-
nessee. He at once became the principal factor
in all the enterprises connected with the up-

ItuiMiiig of this embryo city. He donated liiid
to the college, built churclies, warehouses, mills,
stores, etc., and gave to McMinnville such a
start as resulted in its iieing to-ihiy the most
enterprising business town on the west sido of
the Willamette, excepting Portland. In 1870
he had the pleasure of seeing his town an incor-
porated city. To him is due the creilit of put-
ting in motion the great enterprise of mii' lug
McMiiinville a wealtliy manufacturing town by
liriuging to it an immense water-power in a ditch
from the headwaters of the Willamette, a dis-
tance of eighteen miles. In the furtherance of
this great enterprise he formed a company, and
had six miles of the excavation completed, when,
through the fault of some of the incorporators,
he WHS oblige.', to abandon the work, and it has
never since been taken up.

In politics Sir. Newby was a Democrat. In
1848 he was elected ("oniity Assessor. In 1870
his fellow-citizens chose liiiii as their repri-senta-
tive in the State Senate, which ofticc he filled in
the most honorable and upright manner, credit-
able alike to himself and his constituents.

Mr. Newby's siulden death in 1884 was not
only a source of great oereaveinent to his fam-
ily and many intimate friends, but was also a
shock to the entiri' comninnity. His wife, a
most amiable woman, survived him only two
years. Of their eight children, one, the oldest
son. James H.. died in his twenty-sixth year.
The others are all fettled, and leading useful and
respected lives, thus doing credit to the memory
of their honored parents. They are as follows;
Luther A.,* engaged in business in Portland;
Virginia, wife of Hon. James V. Watson, an ex-
judge and prominent lawyer, (jf whom see sketch
elsewhere in this work; Harrison C.,of Califor-
nin; Ollie. wife of W. F. Lemon, Oakland, Cali-
fornia; Emma, wife of T. 15. Ladd. a well-to-do
farmer of Yam Hill county; ^fartlia Ann, wife
of C!. N. Groves, of Centralia; and Uosa Lee,
wife of Branian Chirk, McMinnville. To Mr.
and Mrs. Clark we are indebted for the facts
presented in this sketch. Mr. Clark is one of
the most enterjirisiiig young business men of
this city, and of him we make brief mention in
connection with the foregoing.

Braman Clark was born in Schoharie county,
New York, November 26, 1853. His father,
M. B. Clark, was also a native of New York.
The family removed to Wisconsin at an early
day, and on the frontier in that State Braman
was reared. He learned the trade of carpenter

■' I

' I '^

1170

nrsTonr of biisfioN.

ami cHliiiictiiiakcr, niid also Btiidicil arcliitectiire.
llccaiiio toOri'proii in 1880, and in 18HS founded
the McMiniivillo Kiii'niturc Manufactory, the
tifHt and oidv one of tlie (own. His bnwiiu-ss
has o;ro\vn, and been enhiri^'t'tl iiy him, and hi; is
now gi\ ini^ emplovrnt'iit to a luimiier of men.
He is also eiiiiiti^ed in contracting and hnildino;.
Some of tlie finest and most complete houses in
^IcMinnviMe. iiave been designed and eon-
8tru('te<l iiy him. He was nnirried November
15, 1887. to one of McMinnvilie's fairest daugli-
ters. Mrs. Clark is a member of the Christian
Church, iioth are popular in social circles, and
are highly esteemed by all, who know them.
Politically, Mr. Clark atliliates with the Kepub-
licau party.

In concluding this article we state that Mr.
Newby hail so much confidence in men, anil
was so j^enerons in bis life and liberal ii\ the
enterprises intended to benefit McMinnviJle
that be did not die rich as the world reckons.
He, however, left his children a far better lier-
itaire, and one which they most highly prize —
an unsullied name.

fM. MOVKlt, pioneer, manufacturer and
capitalist, was born in Schuylkill county,
<» Pennsylvania, in 1829. His parents, Ga-
briel and Hannah (Andrews) Meyer, were na-
tives of I'eimsylvania, Mr. Moyer being a cooper
by trade and also eiiifaged in farming. In 18v{()
they removed to Trumbull county", i)hio, and
subseiiucntlv to Mahoning county, where he se-
cured ninety-one acres in the timber, built his
log cabin and began clearing the land and
following his traile through tlie winter tnonths.
In 1848 they moved to Medina county and
followed farming); the rest of their lives. They
had fifteen children, eight of whom arc still
living.

J. M. Moyer remained at home until 1848,
when he began learning the trade of carpenter
and followed that occupation until 18u2, when
in partnership with .1. F. Colbert, he bought a
wagon, three horses, a stock of grain and pro-
visions and started for Oregon. Their trip was
rapid, consnming but three months, and very
comfortable considering the hardsiiips of such
locomotion. Using great judgment in driving
the horses and having plenty of grain for them,
they soon outstripped all the other wagons and

landed at Koster'.s August !t, 1852. Then went
to (!lBckamas river and spent two weeks with
Mr. Arthur, where evei'y hospitality was ten-
dered. After resting, the horses were sold, and
with an outfit consisting of blankets, hatchet and
a piece of rope, they started for the Calapooya
river, and stopjied with Klias Waters, near
Prowiisville. There Mr. Mover settled for some
years. He began to work at his traile, which
he followed as op|)ortunity offered until 1855,
when lie bought a band of catttle and in the
spring of 185(5 started lor (California, but the
adventure was disastrous and be returned to
Oregon. In 1857 Mr. Moyer settled on KiO
acres iu>ar town, purchasing sixty acres addi-
tional and engagiMl in farming. He began
housekeeping in a box house, without doors or
windows, and the table for t'.io first meal waa
loose boards placed across two saw horses. He
was "dead broke"' from his late cattle venture.
With his knowledge of wood work lie nnide the
necessary furniture aiul so passed the winter,
but with the jilatting of the town of iJrowns-
villo by James HIakely, he purchased a few lots,
built a box housis removed his family and en-
gaged at his trade, which he followed until 1802,
when ho went to the Florence gold (excitement
in Idaho, packing across the nu)nntain8. The
trip was very laborious through the snow in the
mountains, and he became foot sore and snow
blind, and after an absence of some wteeka and
an outlay of $800, he returned to Brownsville
a sadder, if not a richer man. He then con-
tinued his trade until A[)ril, 180i{, when he
bought the sash and door factory of William
Linville, at North Brownsville, and immediately
took possession. In August, 1803, he removed
his family to the location of his present home,
where he built a modest house and operated the
mill. He refitted it with additional machinery
and by devoting long hours to the work, built
up a large and extensive business. In time his
health broke down under the strain and he was
obliged to stop work. In 1875 he rented the
mill, which is now being" operated by his son.
In 18(50 Mr. Moyer was one of the organizers
and builders of the Linn Woolen Mill at Browns-
ville, which burned down in 18(52. The mill
was rebuilt in 1804 and a comjiany was organ-
ized as the Kagle Woolen Mill and continued
about six years, when they became involved.
T'.ie litigation continued about live years, when
tlie entire property was sold in 1875 to a syndi-
cate organized by Mr. Moyer and the Browns-

I^^^UUIMJ

Insronr of ouKaoN.

il7i

Then wiMit

WfolvK witli

lit)' W118 ten-

I'fi'i' sold, iind

.-•, Imtciiet itiid

111) CHl(i[Mioya

Waters, neiir

ttled forsoini!

tnulu, wliicii

until 18ijo,

iuul in the
iiiii, but the

returned to
ttled on 100
' acres iiddi-
Jle began
ont doors or
rst meal was

horses. Ho
ittle venture,
he made the

1 the winter,
of Browns-

<eda few lots,
nily and en-
id until 1802,
d excitement
ntaiiia. The
e snow in the
ire and snow
lie W(feks and

Brownsville
[e then con-
Oi}, when he

of William
immediately
, lie removed
resent home,
operated the
il machinery

work, built

III time his
n and he was
e rented the

by his son.

orcfanizera
ill at Browns-
!. The mill

was organ-
id continued
ne involved.

1 years, when
5 to a syndi-
the Browns-

ville Woolen Mill company was' incornorated,
with Mr. Moyer as president. Under the new
maniigeinent success attended the enterprise and
they Iniilt up an enviable reputation and exten-
sive trade, continiiing until .laiiuary, 188'J, when
the property was sold. He then piiicliused the
stock in the I'ortland store on Kirst a^id Alder
streets, and has cuntiniied the store in the In-
terest of the Albany Woolen j\Iill Comjiany. of
which company he was the organizer in lISH'J..
He has coiitinufd as President of the same
company ever since. The mill is located at .\1-
bany. The building is OOxloO feet, two ami
one half stories and is fully ecpiipped with the
newest iiiacliinery, employing about tifty hands.
They manufactured tweeds and cassimeres for
the Eastern markets, beside tlannels and blankets,
as reiiuired. In ltS88 Mr. Moyer was one of
the iiicor|iorators of the Bank of Brownsville,
and has continued as president, conducting a
general banking business. In 18'J0 he organ-
ized the Bank of Woodburn and is acting vice-
president.

Ho was married near Brownsville June 4,
1857, to Miss Elizabeth D. Brown, daughter of
Hugh L. Brown, pioneer of Oregon and the
founder of Brownsville. For further particulars
see iiiograpliy of .lohn Brown. Air. and Mrs.
Moyer have six children, two only surviving: Ed-
ward 1)., superintendent of the Albany Woolen
Mill; and Hugh B., proprietor of the Browns-
ville Sash and Door Factory. Mr. Moyer is a
chapiter member of the A. V. & A. M. He
built his present spacious residence in 1881,
where he can retire from activity of business
affairs in the enjoyment of every comfort. He
owns ninety acres of land adjoining Browns-
ville with valuable business property in Port-
land. He is a man of many business interests,
genial in disposition, shrewd and far-reaching in
judgment. His life is worthy of emulation as
his success has been accomplished by persistent,
painstaking eHbrt.

-<s^<

Sf»J>-

W. MOORE, Captain of Company E,
F'irst Regiment, Oregon National Guard,
Ho and a resident of Portland, is a native of
Gardiner, Maine, born June 5, 1857. His an-
cestors were among the Puritan settlers of New
England, having located in Maine at an early
day, where, as men of sound reason and strong
principles, tliey materially added to the develop-

ment of that State, ^md to a just and eipiable
government. Hip parents. .Iiinics 1). and Har-
riet Moore, were natives of iMaine, and in that
State passtxl their useful lives. They had six
children, four of whom siirvivis 10. W. Iieiiig
the yt)Uiigt'st child.

Mr. MtMire was e(ln('ate<l in the common and
high schools of (iiirdiner ami .\ugMsta, Maine,
and early in life developed a talent for painting
and drawing. .\t the age of eightiien he opened
a studio at Augusta for crayon and piirtrait
work, and thus supported himself while com-
jiletirig his education in the high school. Hav-
ing taken lessons in photography, ho added a
gallery to his studio, in 1H7!'. and continued the
two branches of art work until I881i. Tliat
year he sold out and removed to I'ortland, Ore-
gon. Here he opened a studio for |iortruif
work, and in 1884- entered into partnership
with Mr. Towne, p;»cing his skill and experience
against the outtil and business of Mr. Towne,
and receiving one-half the profits. This coii-
tinueil for two years. At the end of that time,
Mr. Moore again opened his studio, in 1S87
he purchased the gallery of Abell & Son, in the
Labbe building, which rooms he still occupies.
His apartments here are appropriately arranged
and handsoinely fitted up for every branch and
department of portrait and pliotographii; work,
his gallery beir jusidered the finest and best
anywhere to be round iu the Northwest. Al-
though his photographic work is highly artistic,
ho makes a specialty of portrait work, and in
this he has ncnuired no little celebrity, in both
crayon work and oil painting.

Mr, Moore was married in Augusta, Maine,
ill September, 187U, to Miss Sue A. Hamilton.
Tliey have two children, Harriet and Jess.

The military life of our subject began in Au-
gusta, Elaine, in 1875, with the enlistment in
Company F, First Regiment, M. V. M., and,
excepting one year as Lieutenant of tlie High
School Cadets, he continued with Company F
(accpiiring the position of First Sergeant), until
his honorable discharge and removal to Port-
land. He was one of tlie original members of
Company G, First Regiment, O. N. G., and
soon after the Company was organized was
elected Second Lieutenant, and subsequently
First Adjutant of the First Regiment. In 1888
he was elected Captain of Company E, which
jiosition he has since tilled. Company E was
originally organized by the (irand Army posts
as the Veteran Guards of Portland. For two

1172

llISToliy OF OHKOOS.

ycHrit tile liyliiwrtol' tlic ("oinpiuiy ndniittcul only
(i. A. li. ini'ii us iiii'irilHTit, unci iil'turwHi'il any
iMiiti ill i,'()(«l ^tllllllill^. Tlu' i't(iii|)iiiiy Ims Im'cii
ill ('i)iiiiniiii(l lit' ('iipliiiim A. I'ii'rcc, ( >. SiiiMiiii'iv,
('. Morf^iiii, l>. ('. SiMitliuiM'tli, ami lliu [iroHoiif
Cuptaiii. hiii'iiiir tliu Cliiiiemi riot, C(>iii|iaiiy
V, icspohdi'd Id tlic ciiii to Rorvicc. It liiis [mr-
tiitiiiiitfil ill (•(•IcIinitiiiiiK, Ims won |)i'i/.ep in cniii-
ni'titiM' iliili, Mini liiiM always cariioil oil' tiio
IiiinorH ill coinpiiiiyi team ami inilividiin! liliu
>li(Hititi^. Oiintain Moore is llic im'si'iit lioidfr
of tilt' j^ovL'i'iior's iiii'diil for iiidividiial coiiiiio-
titioii. and ilso possfsncs tlii' ^'ovcriior'* iiiediil
of till' State il' Maine, wiiicli liu won wliili! a
iiu'iiilier of "jiii]iany 1", i'irst iJeoiineiit, M. V.
M.. in tilt! yea;- IsSO.

— '^'m::m^^ —

U)N. SVLVKSTEU I'KN NoYKI!, tlie
[(I't'Pt'iit (iovernor of Oregon, was liorii
ill (irotoii, Tompkins eoiinty, New York,
.liilv I'l, 1831. His father, . I iiRtns I'owers I'eii-
iioyer, was a native of Aiiieiiia, l)iiteliess county,
New 'I (irk. wiio, sooiiafter his niarriiif^e, removed
to (irotoii, and setliino; ii|ioii (ioveriimeiit land,
was tile pioneer of that section of tiie eoimtry.
'J'iiroiiyli his industry and tliritt, niaterialiy
aided by his growinij sons, he reidaiined the
wilderness, and in time had one of those lieaiiti-
fiil t'iirms for which New York State is noted.
The (iovernor inherited from his father an
luimixtiire id' ( iermiin and I' rench blood, and
from his motiier, a llowland, of K imh .iiook.
in the saim; county, a further admixture of
Kno|i>h, Scotch ami Welsh blood. His father
was one of the leading farmers of (irotoii, and
one of the foremost men in all piii)iic eiiter-
]iiises. At one time, thonoli no jwlitician, he
represented his county in tiie N'ew \ in-k As-
Beml)ly.

In the year lI'iTd, William I'ennoyer, of
N'oifolk county, I\iio;land, wiio had previously
removetl from France to the Now Haven colony,
and thence to the eountry of HnglHiid, died,
leaving; by his will his estate in such county
subject to a rental ciiarife ot t-K) j)er year.
This Sinn was to be sent to Harvard Colleire,
in Massaciiiisetts, to he applied to the edncation
of the de.seendaiits of his l)rotlier, Robert I'eii-
iiover, of the Now IIa\eii colony; and in case
they ilid not not up|)ly it in this iminner, it was
to be appropriated to the use of any indigent
students whatever. Since that period, for more

than two eeiitiiries, has that l;4() per aniiuin
been K'lit to the colle^'e without asingh" failure.
I)iiringthe lievoliitioniiin war, when nearly all
eommiM'ciid intereonr^e with the mother country
was sto[)ped, it. came with its accustomed rej^ii-
larity. In H5B, when the future (iovernor of
Oregon iirrivinl at college, lu» met the Hon. .lareii
Sparks in the steward's ottice, and he thanked
him for the great favor the brotlier<pf his ances-
, tor had done him, slating that, when he himself
had entered Harvard College, he was ii j)oor boy
and had received the fiiml to aid him in his own
odiieution. This same man was at one time the
president of the college. Such silent deeds of
charity, though silent in their intlneiiee, are most
jiateiit in bettering and elevating the condition
of mankind.

The story of the youth of Sylvester I'ennoyer,
is the same, in the main, of all farmer boys of
sixty years ago. Hard and steady work <luring
the spring and summer and uutiimn, with school
[iriviieges during the winter season, gave him a
vigorous constitution, am! created in his mind a
desire for a higher education, which was grati-
lied with a full course of study at Homer Aead-
eiiiy. New York, und afterward with a course
of law study at the Dane l.aw School, Harvard
I'niversity, from which ho received his diplo-
ma in the Biiminer of lsr)4. The following
year lie took the steamer at New York, via .Nica-
ragua, and arrived in San I'mncisco, twenty-one
days and eight hours after embarking, which
U|) to that time was the fast(!8t tri]> on record;
thence by the bark, Leonesa, he sailed to I'liiiet
sound, und by Indian canoe down the Cowlitz
river, and a Bteamer on the Coliimb'a ho arrived
at l*(U'thind, Oregon, on .Inly Kl, 18r>5, finding
the town almost depopulated by the Colville
mining excitomeiit. Soon after his arrival ho
engaged in school teaching, which he f(dlowed
for several years. The year following his arri-
val ill < )regoii he was married to .Mrs. Mary \.
.Mien, by whom he had live children, two of
wdiom are still living, vi/..: (iertriide K., now
Mrs. George F. Kussel.and Horace N., engaged
in securing an education. ,\ bout the year 18(33
he became employed in the lumber business in
Portland, in wliicdi he is still engaged. In IStiS
he associated himself with the ( tregon Herald, as
editor, under Dr. Wetlierford, and siibserpiently
purchased the paper, which ho sold the follow-
ing year, but, except a brief absence, edited
it until ISTI. As a political writer, hia main
characteristic was precision of style and force

fi,»

nisTouy Of oiiKuoN.

\\H

por luintiiii
>iiii_'le failiiri'.
I'M nciii'ly III!
)tli<'r coiiritry
foiiit'il rcj^u-

(ioM'IIICM' of
IC llcitl. ,llll('l|

\w tliiuikud
'of his anceft-
*n liu liiinRcU'

llrt II 1)01)1' l)i>v
III ill his own
one tiiiit! tilt)
I'lit (Iceils of
lice, arc inont
;lit) foncJitioii

er Pennoyer,

I nor lioys of
Work (liiriiifT
I, with Bcliool
I. gave liiiii a

II liis mind a
1 1 was ^lati-
Iiiincr Acad-
itli a course
aol. Harvard
(I iiis ili|ilo-

followinir

rk, via Niua-

twi'iity-onc

iiig, wiiicli

oil record ;

od to I'liiji't

tiic Cowlitz

a lie arrived

<.")5, tiiiding

the Colville

. arrival lio

e followed

iiif liis arri-

ri*. Mary A.

ren, two of

de Iv, now

N., eiif^aired

le year 1802

insiness in

. In 18(i8

Herald, RH

iil)scr|nently

tlio follow-

)nce, edited

his main

imd force

of exiircsHJoM, aiwayn liittinji tlm nail i«(|iiHrely
on the heitil, hut hy the infiioion of wariii hu-
mor, anil the entire iili>cnce of Hiiy malice, lie
aviiided the aroiiHiiii^f of animoHity. While,
theri'fore, he heciime Hoiiiew hat |ii'oiiiiiieiit iic a
pdlitical writei', ho never tifiiired proniiiieiitly in
ixilitich until hir nomination for (Governor in
iHWt, for the reanon that he |ierKi8teMtly re-
fused the um< uf hix name until that time in
connection with tlu! nominiitioii for any olHcc.
It is a I'uct tliat his noinimition for (iovernorliy
the l)i':iiocnilic State ('onvonlion of ISSli, was
|irociire(l witiiont any exertion on his part, he
decliniiiir to do anytliiiiif further than to state
that if siich noiiiiiiution were ;;iven him, he
would accept. It is prolmlile that the control-
ing cause that procured his nomination at that
time, was the l)old etaiid he had just previously
tiikeli ill rej^ard to the agitation of the (!liinese
(|ue8tion. l)uring the winter of 188.") and
1880, a Btron^j; feelinj; ao;aiiist the Cliiiiese was
aroused in Portland. Itiisiiiess hecame stag-
nant, all aviMiiies of lahor were tilled hy the
Chinese, who, through simple food and reduced
wages, restricted the work of the white immi-
grant with a fairiily to support. The working-
men of Portland organized, and projected a
movement toward the expulsion of the Chinese
from the city. This led to a counter niovemeiit,
and a iiieeting was called l>y those oppo.^iii}^ the
expulsion, at a certain day at the courthouse.
The workingmen then captured the iiu'eting
from their opponents, placed Mr. I'eiinoyer in
the chair, and after jiassing resolutions favoring
law ami order, finally adjourned. This cauj)
(Vi'tat gave peace to the city. It also encour-
aged the anti-Chinese element throughout the
State, and | "'cured the nomination and elec-
tion of Mr. I'ennoyer as Governor of the State
of Oregon hy a |)hirality vote oi' 3,702, while
on the general issue, the State was strongly
Uepuhlican. His inaugural address as a liter-
ary iiroduction was faultless. It, however, pro-
voked sliarp criticism on account of the posi-
tion he took and maintained in regard to the
ahsenceof i)owerin the courts to nullify a law of
the State, lie claimeil that, under our State Con-
stitution, the courts had no more right to set
aside a law of the Legislature hy a judicial
opinion, than had the Governor a riglit to set it
aside hy an executive order.

The Governor is a nmn of positive opinions,
which was demonstrated hy the action he took
in regard to the anticipated trouhle on account of

the failure to pay the lalHirers l)y the eontraetors

on the railroad east of Alliany in 1 088. An
ollicer of tlu^ road, at Corvallis. telegraphecl tli(>
(iovernor that the lahorers '.,ere iiiiir''liiiig upon
the town, and asked that the Sherilf he author
ized to call out the troops, if iiecessiiry, to sup-
press any riot. The ( iovernor at once went to
Corvallis and told the oIllceiH that, unless they
])aid the orders of the lahorers as they were
presented, he would take no action, hut it. after
payment, (• riot should occur, he woiihl se(^ that
it woulil he suppreBwoil. The result was that
the lahoreis were paid, and all danger of a riot
.avoiilcd. His positive character and opinions
were agair demoiistratcd iliiritig thi' session of
the Legislature of 1881). During the previous
Legislature in 1887, a hill was introduced giving
the Water (/'oinmittee of I'ortlanil, the right to
issue honds for the purpose of hringing |)uro
water into the city, and providing that such
honds should he uxenijited from all taxation.
The (iovernor vetoecl tlie hill, on the ground
that when such honds were paiil out hy tlio
city to private parties in exchange for ineaiia
and appliances to bring water into the city, such
honds then hecame private ]iro])crty, which
under the State constitution, could not he ex-
eiiij)ted iVoiii ta.\atioii. His veto was then sus-
tained. In the Legislature of 188'.l such a hill
was again introduced and passed. The (iovernor
ngiiin vetoed it, and the veto was again sustained.
It was introduced a third time, and, in a dif-
ferent shape, a fourth time, and at each time
was vetoed, and the vetoes were sustained.

The (tovernor coin|ilcted his term of otHco
faithfully and satisfactorily to his const'tiients,
and liaving again received the nomination of
his party, in conv-ntion asseiiihly, the vote of
the people ill the election convened in . I line,
IS'JO, gave voice to their approval, hy the hand-
some majority of 5,156 votes, andrestored him
to the guhernatorial chair for another four
years.

W. ()GLP:SI!V. M. I)., has long heen
prominently indentified with the med-
ical profession of Lane county, and is
entitled to more than passing mention in this
work. He is a native of Adams county, Illi-
nois, born in 1837. His parents, William and
Mary (Stockton) Ogleshy were natives of South

1174

lllHTOliY OF OJiEaoA.

Carolina and Tennessui', respectively, and emi-
grated to Illinois about the year lSii2. Mr.
(Wjesliy engaged in tanning, but liecuine aetive
in the politics of the county, iind was eleeted to
the otlice (if .ludge; he also served as Justice of
the Peace for several years. About 1842 ho re-
moved to Missouri, and in 1850 joined the emi-
gration tide to the I'acificr coast. He spent eigh-
teen nyinths very profitably in tlie mines, re-
turniD'g to Missouri in the fall of 1852. In the
spring of the following year he set out for Ore-
gon with his wife and ten children; he was well
e([ui|)ped with live wagons aixl twenty yoke of
oxen, and was elected captain of the train, which,
was coinjKised of twenty-tive wagons. Tiie com-
pany nnmbered many relatives and friends of
the family. The trip was safely accomplished
without particular incident, Foster's being
reached September 10, 1S53. The first winter
was passci' on the Saiitiam river, and in the
spring of 1854: Mr. Oglesby removed to Lane
county, sctiling upon a claim of ii^O acres, four
miles east of Cottage (trove. In ISOi he sold
out, and spent the two years following in Rogue
river valley; thence he moved to Cnnitilla
county, where lie passed the remainder of his
life.

Dr. Oglesby was educated in the common
schools of the State, and began reading medi-
cine at Corvallis in 1807, undCi' the pivceptor-
sliip of Ur. T. J. Johnson. In ISii'J he took a
cour.se of lectures at the Toland ft[edical Col-
lege. San Francisco, and engaged in practice at
Hill's I'Vrry, California, in 1>17II; he continued
his work here until 18T5, when he returned to
Oregon, and tooK two courses in the medical
department of Willamette I'niversity, being
graduated in 1877. Jle then located in Tuni-
tilla county, and enjoyed a most tlattering prac-
tice for three years; at the end of this period he
nent to Fossil, Wasco county, and while con-
tinning his prot'casion, he also engaged exten-
sively in the breeding of tine horst's; he owns
some of the best thoroughbreds in the State,
and has greatly elevated the standard of all
classes of horses.

In 188'J he disposed of his business, and
returned to Cottage Grove, and devoted liis
attention exclusively to his profession; he has
done some very skillful work us a >nrgeon,
and has an enviable reputation.

Dr. Oglesby was prominently connoeted with
the wars )f 1850 and 1S58, which were waged
witli the Indians, and in 1878 he commanded

the volunteers in the famous Willow S|)ring
battle against the IJannock Indians; tliree of
his company were killed, and several were
wounded, while fifteen Indians were sent to
the "happy hunting-grounds." He has always
been interested in the great industry of tiic
coast, mining, and was one of the discoverers
of the famous Anna mine in the Cascade
mountains, which pi'omises sncli ric'i returns.
He owns a one-third interest in the Clemen-
tine mine, which is about developing.

Dr. and Mrs. Oglesby have one child, a
daughter, named Anna. He is a member of
the Masonic order, and of the I. O. (). I'\ He
belongs to the State Medical Society, and is
thoroughly posted in all Matters pertaining to
the profession.

fAV C. OLDS, a member of the linn of
Olds it Summers, importois and jobbers of
china and glass. 181) First street, Portland,
Oregon, is a native of Washington county, this
State, born in 1854.

Mr. t)lds' paternal ancestors wel'e among the
pioneer settlers of Vermont. His grandfather,
Martin Olds, was born in Vermont, in 1795, and
was reared and married there. After his mar-
riage he emigrated to Ohio, and in 1884 to
Coldwater, Michigan, where he follo.-'ed fann-
ing, and served as .fudge in the Judiciary of the
State for eight years. In 1851 he emigi'ated
to Oregon, and located in Yarn Hill county, set-
tling on a farm and giving his attention to ag-
ricultural |)ursuits. He was a memli.c of tlie
Contitutional State Convention, and served as
County Judge for eight years, until his death,
in 1872. George Olds, the father of our sub-
ject, was born in Ohio, in 1820. and was mar-
ried at Coldwater, Mil'higan. in 1851, to Miss
Sarah A. Fairbanks. Receiving glowing ac-
coutits from his father in Oregon, in 1852
George Olds converted the farm atid every
available investment into a band of horses and
cattle, and started with them across the ])lains
for Oregon, taking his family and nniking a
very successful trip. He located in Washing-
ton county. The very severe winter of 1852
settled upon them, and with insutiicient fodder
and the reduced er.ergies of *he stock one
after another of them died until all were gone.
Mr. Olds then continued farming and the lum-
ber brisiness until his deatli in 1802, His

\i r

Ill STORY OF OimiON.

1175

illow Spring
ins; three of
several were
vere .sent to
le has always
iistry <>f the
B discoverers

tiie Cascade

ric'i returns.

the Clenien-
)pinor.

one child, a
I iiieinher of
O. (). F. He
ciety, and is

pertaining to

the linn of
md jobliers of
L>et, Portland,
II county, tiiis

i'e among the

grandfather,
;, in 1795, and
ftcr his niar-
1 in 18;i4 to
)llo.-'ed farni-
uliciary of the
he emigrated
ill county, set-
antion to ag-
emlwr of the
nd served as
itil his death,
p of our snh- .
nd was mar-
L851, to Miss

glowing ac-
Si;on, in 1853
m and every
if horses and
)S8 the plains
nd making a

in Washing-
inter of 18o2
Hicient fodder
:ie stock one
all were gone.

and the Inni-
1 1803. His

widow survived nu'll 1881, when she died,
leaving live children, viz.; Helen, wife of John
Jolly; Jay C; AVilliani P., of the firm of Olds
& King, merchants of Portland; (Jlara, wife of
Owen Summers; and Mary, wife of 1). C.
Southworth.

At the age of fourteen years, .lay 0. started
out in life on his own account. l!y personal
effort he secured three years of study at La
Fayette. He then obtained a clerkship with A.
li. IJurbanks, general merchant at La Fayette,
and remained in his employ about four years,
storing up valuable infornuition to assist him in
his later career. In rhe spring of 1874 he came
to Portland and was employed as salesman,
buyer and general superintendent in the furni-
ture store of Ira F. Powers, with whom he re-
mained until 1879. That y"ar he formed a co-
partnership with Colonel Owen Summers, and
with him has tince been associated in business.

The firm of Olds & Summers commenced
business in small alleyway. 5 .\ 30 feet, which
they inclosed, and there opened up their first
stock of common china and glass. A detailed
aciount of their successfnl career will be found
in the sketch of Colonel Owen Summers else-
where in this volume. From their small begin-
ning they increased their facilities until they
now occu])y a surface of about 20,000 S(piai'e
feet, aiul liave 'ine of the most complete stores
of the kind in the great Northwest, transacting
both wholcsaln and retail business.

Mr. Olds was married, in San Francisco, in
1878, to Miss ISessie Summers, a native of Brock-
ville, Canada. 'Miey have two children: Will-
iam S. and Kenneth. He is a member of the
A. F. & A. M.

fOHN 0'(H)\N01i.— Among the many en-
terpi'ising business men of Portland, who
have been l)ronght up and educated in the
metropolis of Oregon, may be I'ouml the gen-
tleman whose name heads this sketch. He
came to the city in 18(i3, when eight years of
age, and is, therefore, almost a "native eon," re-
membering little 01 any other place but Port-
land, whore he has resided for twenty-nine
years.

lie was born in Hlinois, .Iiine 10, 1855.
His father, Thomas G. O'Connor, w,is born in
Ireland, in 183+, and came to Xew York when
thirteen years of age, in 1847. Ho married, in

the East, Miss Alice Slattery, also a native of
Ireland, and in 1803 came to t)regon, bringing
witli him his wife and three children. Aftei'
arriving in the city of Portland, lie became in-
terested in real estate here. In lS(i7 he re-
ceived the appointment of Deputy I'nited
t:\ates Marshal, which jiosition he held to the
time of his death.

The subject of this sketch learneil in his
youth the trade of jilnmber, and when he be-
came of age he entered the firm of .lohn Barrett
ii Co., which relation he still sustains. When
the (inn ceased to do plumbing, and became
wholesale dealers in plumbers' goods, he became
a stockholder, and was elected its secretary,
which position he still holds. ' The firm have
the largest wholesale house in the Northwest,
in their line. Mr. O'Connor has liecaTue iden-
tified thoroughly with all the details of the
business of the hcnise, and has been a valuable
factor in its success.

He is a member of the A. O. II. W., and is
one of Portland's highly esteemed young busi-
ness men, and is justly proud of Portland and
its pro8i)erity. In 1875 he mai'ried Miss Kate
Christie, a native of Illinois, and they have two
daughters and a son, born in Portland: Alice
IMargaret, Kate Edna, and Raymond.

zm^^ —

fOSEPII M.MIIOX MCKUM is a pioneer
of Oregon, lia>iiig conu' to the State in
1853. He is a native of Lee county, Iowa,
horn May 19, j850. His father, John L.
Xicknm, was a native of ^^aryland, as was also
his grandfather, Joseph Xicknm. John L.
married Susana Kockey. of Pennsylvania, and
daughter of .lauob Rockey, of the same State; of
German ancestry, but early settlers of Penn-
sylvania, and fpiitc a number of the family par-
ticipated in the civil war. Mr. John Xicknm
crossed the plains to Oregon, and brcuiglit his
wife and children with him. They settleil on
Government land near Oregon City, in 1854,
and soon after procured a donation claim near
Cedar Mills, in Washington county. They had
to cut a trail in order to reach their land, and
they built a cabin on it, and were ])ioneers and
old residents on the property until 1801. A
half of the property is still owned by Mrs.
Xickuut, who now resides with her son in Port-
laud, her husbaiul having died in 1887.

i! 'to

f'N

i I

: I

1170

tilSToity Oh' onmoiK.

Ill 1801 the I'amily removed to tlie city of
I'ortlaiul, where J(ise|)h Nickiiiii lias since re-
sided and obtained liis education. AVhen the
civil war hrol<e out, Joseph was a larj;« boy of
elevoii, and he became so imbued witli the pa-
triotisLH tliat lie tried iiard on every side to en-
ter the service. In 1S(!4, in liis fifteenth year, lie
chuTned to be eijfJiteen to the otKcer. lie re-
plied: "Voii ffrow older faster than any boy I
ever saw; but, as you are so anxious to go, we
will take you." So he was enrolled in Corn-
])anv I), First Oregon Infantry. They expected
to be sent to the frontiei', but were stationed at
Walhi Walla. They built Camp Lyons, and
W('i-e mustered out in Feliruary lS6fi.

He returned to Portland, and for tlie hist
fifteen years has been dealing in bnildinff ma-
terials, rock, sand, and j^ravel. They have a
dredge, and taKC the sand and gravel from the
bed of the river. They have a valuable (juarry.
where they obtain their stone, and a wharf and
derrick and liarges, and do tlieii' own freight-
ing and <lrayinif. They also have two boats
and do general towing with the boats, vvhich
are tugs. From seven to twenty teams are
used iiy them c.ontinnally. The first firm,
Ham, Nicknm iV' Co., was organized in 188;},
and the business has grown and prospered since.
He has invested in city property, and has built
a residence at the corner of Hamilton avenue
anil ( )liio street.

He was married, in 1877, to Jennie I'evis, of
Iowa. They have six children, all born iti Port-
land, and their names are; John Clayton, iJalph
K., Kthcl J., Hessie M., Myrtle 15., and Mabel
S. Mr. Nickuni is a nieuilier of the K. of I'.,
and the (i. A. W.. and is in politics a Deino-
c;'at. He is a good citizen and a wide-awake
and 'hoiiiughly reliable business man.

-^^4'Mh>®<I€*'C>---

fUDGE M. L. OLMSTED, an eminent jurist
of Oregon, and an esteemed public citizen
of that State, residing at Haker (Jity, is a
Tenneessean by birth, born at Tullahonui, Sep-
temiier 2'.t, ls44, and is of military ancestry,
his paternal grandfather having been a captain
of cavalry in the war ol the Uuvolution, and
his maternal grandfather an eminent general of
France under the first empire, his mother
being Charlotte liertrand Mcl^eoch.

When the subject of this sketch was four
years old, his parents separated, and he was
stolen by his mother, who it^ft him in the State
of .New Vork with people whose name he now
hears, she returning to France, on the ascen-
dancy of the second empire. At an early ago
he was thrown on his own resources, and early
in life leariu'd the lesson of self-reliance, indus-
try and perseverance, which has been the means
of securing him his prest'iit honorable position.

In the fall of ISGO he fitted himself to enter
the military school at West Point, as a cadet,
and was to re|)ort in May, 1801, but before the
time arrived, the fir.-tgunof the great Rebellion
sounded, and his wai'like spirit and patriotic
pride called liiin to the field, as a volunteer, in
the Thirteenth New York Militia, for three
months, enlisting April 17, ISlil. After theex-
j)iratio!! of his term of service, he returned home,
and on November 5tli of that year he again en-
tered the army, and sei'ved in three dilferent
regiments, receiving his final discharge in Au-
gust, 181)5, having attained the rank of Brevet
Lieutenant-Colonel. He participated in tlu^ first
battle of Hull Run, and was at the surrender of
Johnston's army at Dui'ham's Station in 1865.
Ho fought with the Army of the Potomac in all
its principal battles, from I'lill Ruti to Gettys-
burg, and in September, 1803, went West with
(ieneral Joseph Hooker, participated in the bat-
tles of Waxahachie (ilen, Lookout Mountain,
Mission Ridge and Ringgold Pass; in the follow-
ing year he seived in the Atlanta campaign,
aiul was wounded and left for dead on tlii' bloody
slope of Kencsaw. Joining his command at
Atlanta, (Georgia, again in November, 1804, ho
marched with Sherman to the sea, ami carrieil
the first stand of colors into the city of Savan-
nah.

After the closi' of the war of the Rebellion,
tiie Judge went to Mexico, and took jiart for a
short time as a liberal under Ji'.-.irez, in the res-
toration of that Republi<'. (ind has also served as
a volunteer in seviial Indian wars on the fron-
tier.

After the war the J udj'e read law at the Law
University at .Albany, Xe v Vork, came West,
and fimilly, in 1874, settleil in Haker City, Ore-
gon, whore he now has a large and lucrative
practice throughout the State. In 1800 the
Judge was married to Miss ('elia East, of
Cedar Rapiils, Iowa, a very intelligent and wor-
thy lady, daughter of Ilaywai'd East, a pioneer
of that Slate, who came to Iowa when it was yet

nrsroHY of oheoon.

) position.
It' to imter
IS a cadet,
before the

liebellion
I patriotic
lunteer, in

for three
:'ter the ex-
iled home,

iigiiiii en-
! different
^e in Au-

of Brevet
in tile first
irrender of
in I860.
J mac in all
to Getty.s-
West with
in the hat-
^lonntain,
the foUow-

ii Territory. Jiul^e and Mrs. Olmstead have
two sons, rerey N. and Ilarland II. J'erey is
Oregon's cadet at the Kaval Academy at Ann-
apolis', Afaryland, where he has a tine record as
an artillerist. The Jnd<re has been (iiiite active
in the politics of his State, and served one term
us ('irciiit .Judge. lie has attended every Ko-
piililiean State Convention, except one, sinci'
187ti. He was at one time (Jhief of Staff and
(ieneral Inspector of the Militia of Oregon, and
Department Coinniander of the (i. A. It.

The Judge is of commanding figure, strongly
resembling (General .loliii A. Logan, and would
make as line an appearance in military uniform.
His personal magnetism and noble qualities
have endeared him to the people, while his in-
tellectual and judicial ability have gained for
liim an enviable jjosition among his brother
practitioners at the bar.

fOIlN S. PARSON, who holds a prominent
position among the leading physicians of
southern Oregon, was born in the Key-
stone State, May 25, 1850, a son of George L.
and Emma (Boar) Parson, also natives of Penn-
sylvania, and of Knglish and (Jermaii descent.
The ancestors on both sides were among the
early pioneers of tliat State. The subject of
this sketch, the third in a family of six chil-
dren, was educated at the Hanover College and
Pennsylvania Academy of Gettysburg. lie be-
gan the study of medicine in 1870, at Hanover,
with A. J. Snively as his preceptor, lie grad-
uated in medicine and surgery at the Jefferson
Medical College of Phihuhdphia, March 8,
1873, after which he bt-came associated with
the city hospitals, where he liad considerable
clinical experience.

The Doctor practiced for a short time at Ox-
ford, subsequently going to Soutii Dakota, later
practiced for a time at Coal Creek and Coving-
ton, and then returned to the southern portion
of the State, wlieiH" he continued in practice un-
til his advent into the city of Ashland, in 1881.
He had frequently iieen called into adjoining
counties in council and professional visits.
The Doctor is the Jackson (jounty Coroner and
resident surgeon for the Central Pacific Rail-
road Company.

He was joiiu'd in marriage at Ashland, in
Uctobcr, 1882, with Miss Olivo Ij. Drake, a na-

tive of Oregon. They have one son, George
Frederick. In his political views the Doctor
is a stanch Ifepuhlicaii, and socially, athliates
with the K. of P., and the A. O. L'. 'W.of Ash-
land.

V-^

HARLHS PALMKR, aprospeiousanil rep-
utable citizen of McMinnville, is a mv-
tive of New York State, where he was
horn February 11, 188t His parents, Silas
and >iancy (I^night) Palni'ir, were both natives
of that State, and wer<' both of Knglish di;-
scent, their ancestors having settled in America
previous to the Revolution. They had twelve
children, all excepting one arriving at maturity.
In 183G they removed to Ohio, then a new and
sparsely settled country, where they remained
thirteen years, then removing to Sheboygan
county, Wisconsin, where they located on a
wild, uncultivated tract of ' lud, which in time
was much iinjiroved by their industry, and
where the father lived until his death. His
wife, the faithful com|)aiiion of so many years
of care and trial, survived him many years, dy-
ing in California, in 18S(), at the age of ninety-
three years.

The subject of our sketch \vas reared in Ohio
from his second to his fifteenth year, then re-
moving with his family to Wisconsin, where,
in 1857, he was marrieil to Miss Mariani Smith,
a native of New York, and a daughter of Mr.
John Smith, of that State. They had one
child, Ettie.

During the Pike's Peak mining excitement,
Mr. Palmer went to the mines, remaining tliere
five years, meeting with many thrilling advent-
ures and making some money. While tluire
he discovered a quartz mine, for which ho was
paid ^8,000. All of his own mining was placer
mining. He retiiriu^d to Wisconsin, and pur-
chased a farm of 80 acres, which he improved,
and on which he resided for fourteen years.
He then sold out, and, in 187f), came to Ore-
gon, locating in Portland for a year, when he
purchased a farm of 320 acres, four miles east
of McMinnville, wher(^ he built a good residence
and grain and stock barns, arid otherwise im-
proved it, besides cultivaving the land, making
of it a very valuable place, and then sold it for
a good price. He i\w\\ bought 14.") acres,
whicli he also improvt'ii with good buildings,
and put the land under a good state of ci|ltiva.

1178

niSTORT OF OREGON.

ill!

\ *

tioii, which he also scild, ])iirehasiii^ 225 acres,
wliich he liki'wisc iiiiprovt'd and cultivated, and
also sohl, reali/.injif a liaTidsoine siiin in pniiits.
lie tlieii retni'ned U\ McMiniiville, where he
purchased citv |iri)|)iM't_Y, hiiihling a eointbrtahle
liome for liiinfcif and family, and also hiiildintf
other residences, wiiicli lie rented, thus realiz-
iinr a e;ond incoine. His property is located in
the heart of the city, ami is very valuable. His
faith in the future i^rowth and prosperity of his
favorite city is unbounded, and has been the
cause of much of hi» success, his investments
having iiroved einitientlj' profitable. He is still
engaged in real-estate business on his own ae-
eoiint. The character of his buildinifs are cred-
itable to the town, and have enhanced the value
of a<ljoinini); property.

(juiet and unassuming, honest and industri-
ous, ho has accumulated a competence, retain-
ing through all the various walks of life, the
good-will of his fellow-uien.

He is a Uepulili>'an in politics, but not a par-
tisan. He held the otliec of School Clerk of
his district tor twelve years, serving his constit-
uents in that capacity with marked ability.

He affiliates socially with the A. O. U. W.,
and has held most of the olRces in that order.

In 1888 ho had the misfortune to loss his
estimable wife, a lady of sujierior mental en-
dowments, and great loveliness of character
Since then he has remained single, and has re-
sided with his daughter, in their pleasant and
attractive home.

'^■^■^

iEOKGE M. I'ATTV, a farmer near Amity,
came to Oregon in 18o2. He was horn
in Arkansas, Ajiril it, 1845, of Knglish
ancestry. His great-grandfather. Patty, came
from i.ondiin and settled in Hast Tennes-
see, where his son, Josiah Patty, and the son ot
the latter, William li. Patty, were both horn.
William U. was born October Id, 1817. and
inariieil Miss Martha .\nii Green, a ntUive of
his own State, and had three children : Wiiliaiii,
Elizabeth and .lames. With this family he re-
moved to Arkansas and settled on a farm twelve
miles from \'an I'uren, where three other chil-
dren Were liorii in the family: (ieorge M., Will-
iam It. and Maria; and with this family he
crossed the plains and mountaitis to Oregon, in
1852, with oxen. George M. was then in ins
Bcveuth year, The son James died with cholera,

and the bereaved family buried him by the
roadside, and pressed forward to Oregon. Maria
and William K. ha<l died in Arkansas. On their
journey all the stock died excepting one yoke of
oxen; and when they arrive(l at Milwaukee the
father was very sick with mountain fi'ver, and
Could not even turn himself over in bed. They
had only 810 left, with which they jiiirchased
fifty pounds of shorts, for bread; and this, with
salmon, which was abundant, formed their diet.

They reuiained at Milwaukee from October
to April, during which time the father re-
covered. They then lemoved to Salt creek, in
Polk county, where the parents were employed
by William Robinson. In October, 1853, they
came to Yam Hill county and occupied a dona-
tion claim three and a half miles northwest of
Willamina, a hill ranch of 320 acres, their rosi-
dence being a small log cabin of the primitive
style; and here they lived and improved the
place until 1860, when they sold out and went
to Salem, where the father employed himself at
the carpenters' trade, and later in sawmilling.
In ISTl) they removed to Yam Hill county, and
])urchased tlie "Milk" Johnson donation land
claim, 552 acres; and on this property Mr.
Patty erected a good farm residence an<l barn.
He was then obliged to take back the mill, and
hi! again returni^d to Salem. Mrs. Patty died
June 12, 1880, and Mr. Patty May 12, 18U().
He had been a most devout Christian man,
a local preacher of the ]\Iethodist I-lpiscopal
Church, and had taken every opportunity to do
his fellows good. He worked hai'd on the farm
or at his trade, and often traveled many miles
and preached zealously and faithfully, without
e\er asking a remuneration, or even receiving
any. He was a strong temperance man, and
Ue|)ublican from the organization of that i)arty.
lie left a good name, a priceless legacy to his
chililren. Only two of his children arc now
living, namely:' Elizabeth, who married T. R.
Bailey, and now resides in Polk county; and
(ieorge M., our subject.

Mr. Patty was educated in Salem and at the
Willamette I'liiviM-sity ; clerked for his father,
and gav(; him all the aid in his power for two
years after he became of age. In 1881 ho left
the mill and moved to Yarn Hill county, pur-
chasing IfiO acres of hill land; later he has
added to this property, fnuu time to time, until
he n<iw has 417 acres. In making the purchase
he went in debt, and was successtul in his farm-
ing oporations, and in due time raised a siifli-

nisToiii' OF oiiKaoN.

IITI)

cieiit ainoiiiit of money to piiy tlic ilclit. After
his fiitliur's (lentil he becaiiu? lieii' to niiiety-ono
aei'cs on the pateriiiil estate, imd now, with his
sons, he is inaiia<^ing nil the lands of his estate.
In 1879 Mr. Patty married Miss Lucy UuMe,
a native of Missouri, and the daiiifliter of
Thomas and Marfjaret Rnhle, ()rei;on pioneers
of 1S52. Mr. and Mrs. I'atty had seven chil-
dren, live of whom are living: Henry, (ieorire,
Kaphael, Lucy >■ ' flane. The parents are wor-
thy and wee .tiiiie members of the Methodist
Chnreh, and N[r. Fatty is now aidinir the society
in tile erection of a new house of worship in
Amity. In politics he has always been a Re-
pnhliean, and ho is an ardent temperance man,
ill favor of prohibition, lie has resided in^Oro-
goii during the wliole of its growth and devolop-
inont, and takes a just pride in the wonderful
advancement that this State has made since he
first arrived here. By his own upri<rlitiios8 and
industry lie has ac(piired a good property, and
Las the reputation of being an excellent man
and a suc<'e88fnl fanner.

fOSHI'll FMvVUl,, an Oregon pioneer of
1852, is now a resident of llalscy, Linn
county. He was born in Knox county,
Ohio, in 182U, a son of James ami Klizabeth
(Herry) I'carl, who were natives of the same
State. The father was a blacksmith by trade,
and was also engaged in farming. Ju 1843 he
removed to Andrew county, Missouri, and fol-
lowed the same occupations until the spring of
l^o2, when he sold out and made preparations
for the long and weary journey aciross tlie plains
to Oregon. He purchased two wagons, ten
yokes of oxen, some loose cattle and horses, and
without niishaji or accident arrived at the Dalles.
They continued the journey to Jefferson, where
they remained until the fall of 1853; then Mr.
I'earl located a donation claim of 3"J() acres,
seven miles southeast of Jlalsey, and followed
agricultural |iur8uit8 until 1881); in tliat year
he retired, and lip.s since lived with his children
at Halsey. Joseph Pearl lived with his parents
until lie was twenty years of age, when he
assumed the responsibility of his own future.

He was married, in 1S49, to Miss Sarah Wise-
man, a native of Indiana. He, too, followed the
occupation of farming, l)Ut in the spring of 1852
he joined the emigrant train of which his father

was a member, and with his wile and two chil-
dren started for Oregon. This coiupaiiy num-
bered about 150 persons, in command of (Jap-
tain Henry Schooling. They were aheail of the
cholera epidemic, and had a very comfortable
trip, arriving in due time at .lett'erson. ller(>
our subject spent the winter, and in 1853
located a donation claim of 320 acres, two and
a half miles east of Halsey; he afterward in-
creased this to 4f)4 acres, and continued its cul-
tivation until 187t), when he rented the farm
and removed to Halsey. He then embarked in
the mercantile trade as superintendent of the
Grange Store. After two years he formed a
partnership with T. J. Black and 'J'homas Por-
ter, and they purchased the business which they
conducted until 1883. Mr. Pearl sold his in-
terest in the establishment at this time, and
began buying horses for the Portland market;
he now has an interest in four tine stallions ot
the Clyde and liiiglish strains.

Mr. and Mrs. Pearl are the parents of ten
children, five sons and five daughters, all of
whom, excepting the three younger ones, are
married. Mr. Pearl is a iiiembt>r of the Meth-
odist Episcopal Church, having joined when a
lad of fourteen years. For more than twenty-five
years he has been a local preacher, and is now
Buperinteiident of the Sabbatli-school at Halsey.
lie erected his residence in 187(5, and has other
valuable property in the town. His life has
been devoted to commercial and agricultural
interests, and his success is the just reward of
diligence and persevering eiTort.

IHARLES H. NEWELL, one of Hills-
borough's business men and Coroner for
^ Washington county, has the credit of being
the first white child born in Washington Terri-
tory, after the Territory was separated from
Oregon. He dates his birth May 23, 185)!, and
he is the son of (ieorge P. Newell, a native of
England, who was born May 23, 1810. He
came to the United States in' 182S, and settled
in Ivalaniazoo county, Michigan. He was a
pioneer in that State. In 18f'.l he went to Cali-
fornia, and in the spring of the following year
he went to Oregon City. In July, 1852", he
married Kmma Weston, of Ohio. They had
five children, of whom three are living, namely:
Charles 11., Geoiiie 11. and William A. They

rge

; — -tm

lino

murouY OF onmoN.

•ri

retui'tu'il Kn.9t, and Mr. Xcwel! Ituiiig an ac-
(|iiaiiitiwu'oof I'l'L'siileiit Killiuoi'i', was a|)|)()iMted
Surveyor aiui Inspector of Customs. Return-
ing to ()re}j;oiK lie eiitored upon liis duties at
Vancouver, where lie remained until tlie fall of
1854:, when lie went to Oregon City, whore he
settled and was prineipally engajfed in tea':'iinij;
vocal and instriiini'iital music, ilis wife died
in 187~, and his death occurred in September,
1880. lie and his wife and two children are
huriod together.

Charles II. Newell, the eldest child, received
his education at the ))ulilic school, and the liij^h
school in Portland. He then learned the oar-
iienters' tracle and worked at it, and at book-
keeping, in I'orflaud. From there he went to
llilisl>orou<<h, in lS8ii, and eni;age!l in contract-
ir.s; and building, which he followed successfully
till 18(l(t, when he opened his furniture store
and nndertakinif business in the same city.

Ill 187>S he was married to Aliss Mary I'lur
ton, of Missouri, and a daucjliterof John I'liir-
ton, now of Modoe county, California. When
?hewas a little child she immigrated to Califor-
nia, and she was raised there. Mr. and Mrs.
Newell have live children: Kinnia A., ("arrie
E., Myrtle M., Frank O. and Arthur Ellsworth.
They are members of the Baptist Churcdi, and
Mr. Xewell is of great assist.wice in the ninsical
line, he having inherited his father's tine voice.
He is a Republican in politics and a memliei'of
the K. of P. He is the agent of the London
& Lancaster Insurance Company. IJeing a
good business man, he has won the contidenco
of every one with whom he is brought in con-
tact.

(RTHI'i; IN'.iRAM NICKLIN, M. I).—
The ancestry of our subject dates back to
the early settlement of X'irginia, and
P)n a paternal side to a remote generation have
!» a family of physicians. Dr.dohn Xicklin,
ail tiininent practitioner and |)lanter of Virginia,
was one of the early reformers, and in oi)posi-
tion to the prevailing feeling, liberated his
slaves as early as 1835. His h'rst wife was a
Miss Huff, a iirst cousin of (ien(M-al (ieorge
Washington, who was a freipient visitor at their
house. John Huff Nicklin, the father of our
eul)ject, was born July L 1804, and was educated
a physician, but devoted his life cliielly to busi-
ness pursuits. He was married in 1822 to Miss

Sarah Ingram, a native of V'^irginia, who was
born December 24, 1804, ami the wedding was
celebrated on the old Nicklin [)lantation.
He then followed a mercantile life until 1842,
when he removed to Iowa and took up and itn-
])roved a tract of land, until ISoO, when, with
the glowing accounts from Oregon, of her broad
acres and fertile soil, he too, decided to go West
with his large family to give them a better
start in the new country. To accomplish that
end, lie, in 1850, loaded his household effects
upon three wagons and a carryall, and with
eighteen yoke of oxen, and with ten head of
loose cattle, with his wife ami ten children he
started to cross the great plains. That was a
year of great hostility among the Indians, and
of cholera among the emigrants, but being with
a large company that used constant vigilence,
the journey was accomplished without loss of
life or property. Arriving at the Dalles in Sep-
tember, too late to cross the mountains, they
left their wagons, and by the river trail drove
their cattle, the family coming by the Hudson's
Pay batteaii.\, to Portland, where they passed
one month in a loghouse, and then settled on a
'tonatioii claim on Salt creek, in Polk county.

Our subject, A. I., was born in Tyler county,
\ irginia, October 4, 1848. He began the study
of meijicine at an early age, but with limited
opportunities, and it was not completed until
later in life. He followed his |)arents through
their several changes, and with them came to
Oreijon, walkinir the whole distance from
Omaha. Upon alternate days he would drive
the cattle, or would shoulder a musket and as-
sist in guarding the train. On arriving in Polk
county, in partnership with his brother, Israel
T., they purchased the Applegate saw and grist
mill, which they operatecl until iSofi, when
through an unfortunate accident, Israel T. was
killed. Following this the mill was sold, and
the entire family removed to Salem, where the
father and Arthur purchased the Rector sawmill,
which they continued until 18t)l), and then en-
tiaacd in merchandisint; until the death of the
father, and then the business was closeil out.
During the Indian war of 185i3, the <lrnin and
life corjis siip|)li(ul by the Xicklin family did
effective work in driving away enemies, and
in drumming up recriiitJ, and eneouraging the
boys in the service.

During the later ye irs of Mr. Nicklin's life,
he was a great invalid, and through the devo-
tion of Arthur, wIkj always stood by Ilis fntUor,

iilti

HISTOItY OF OliEOON.

list

till' education of the latter was greatly retnrdod,
and not completud until 1872, when Ik- f^riid-
uated fi'oni the iiiediciil department of the
Willamette University. lie was thou appointed
physician at the Ivlamath Indian Ueservation,
and was there during the Modoe war, at which
he assisted the surgeon. In 1873 he removed
to Hngene City, and performed a very active,
general practias and was also appointed United
States Hxaminiiiir Surge<jn for Pensions, whicli
position ho filled until 1882. He was then
proffered and accepted the position of residert
physician of the Oregon Insane Asylum, at
East Portland, under the Hawthorn manage-
ment. He acted as head physician, druggist,
and superintendetit, for about one year, until
the patients were taken in charge by the State,
and Dr. Nicklin then removed them, number-
ing about 400, to Salem. In 1884 he returned
to Portland, and has since continued in general
j)i'actice.

He was married at Salem, August 17, 18G2,
to M.iss Lavina C. Draper, a ifative of Vei'mont.
Tlie resulting issue has been four children:
Francis D., Israel T., Ilarrie and (jliarles. The
Doctor was a member of the Medical Society
of the Third Judicial District, the first medical
society in Oregon. He is a cha.ter member of
the Oregon State ^ledical Society.

In lH78 he was appointed delegate to the
American Medical Association, hi'ld at Albany,
Xew York. While not an applicant for p-.iblic
office, he has always bet.i active in politics.
He started out a Whig, and in 1840 sang during
the campaign of AVilliam Henry Harrison. In
1850, ho was present at the organization of the
" On>gonian," and sang "Tom (^orwin, the
Wagner boy." In 1801 he joined the Union

farty, and now stands witii the Republicans,
le has valuable real-estate interests about the
city, and is deeply intoresced in the advance-
ment of this beautiful State.

■^^•ea-^-

flDNEY AVALTEIi MOSS, of Oregon
City, is a pioneer of 1842. He was born
i.i Paris, Bourbon county, Kentucky,
March 17, 1810. His parents were Virginians.
When he was four years old he w^.s indentured
to a man of wealth who had no family of his
own. Mr. Moss wm to be taught to i-ead and
write, and as far as the " rule of tliroe " in arith-
74

metic. and when twenty-one years of age ho
was to have a freedom suit and £5. When he
was si.xteon years of age his parents came to see
him, but he did not see thoin again until he was
a married man and had two little daughters.
He married Rebecca, daughter (jf Thomas Tay-
lor, who was a first cousin of President Taylor.
William Parnell, with whom Mr. Mo3s lived
until he became a man, married the aunt of
Jefferson Davis, and as boys he]and Mr. Da-
vis went to school together. Mr. Parnell did
not fulfill his promise to Mr. Moss, who when
he left was given nothing but the suit of
clothes he was wearing. He then learned and
followed the trade of stonecutter. He went
to Fort Smith, and was in the employ of the
Government there, but his heulth be„anio poor,
and he left intending to make a trip across the
Rocky mountains to California, but he changed
his ])lans and went to Oregon. When he started
he had his horse, saddle, gun and a few dollars.
His horse being a fine one he used him in a
livery for some time after he got here. The rivers
were so low that season that he forded every
stream west of Fort Smith andGreen river, and
the water did not reach his saddle girths. He
arrived at Oregon City, April 26, 1842. He
assisted Dr. John McLoughlin in surveying for
the location of the town site. His first work
was cutting wood at 75 cents u cord, then
he purchased a lot on Alain street, on the
southwest corner of Third, and the next year
erected a buildins on it for a hotel, culling it the
Main Street Hotel. It was two stories, 6S x 105,
and was the first hotel west of the Rocky
mountains. When it was opened there was not
a bed or a chair in it, but he made a table; and
men slept in blankets, and paid him $5aweeU for
board. He also bought and sold goods and pros-
pered. In 1850 he sent his partner, H. A. Lee,
East with $63,000 to buy goods with. He had
made this money out of his various enterprises.

Mr. Moss' first wife and family of five chil-
dren are all de."d. In 1843 he married Dorcas
Richardson, born near St. Louis, Missouri.
They had five children.

When ho sent his partner Eaot for goods he
was to bring out with him the surviving chil-
dren of his (irst wife. Lee died on his way
back. He had lost all the money and borrowed
Sl,0('/0 besides. Mr. Moss' son died on the way
from Panama, f id that left one daugh^iir to come
on the way alone. She had i^llO, all that was
left of the fortune that her fftther lia<l been sc-

11«2

III STORY OF OREGON.

eniiuiliUiiii^ tor eight vcii's. amJ lie liiul to niiy
the !j(l,(lOl> besides. Diiiiiiir Lee's al)senee iNlr.
M1188 was (•uiitiiiiiin;.; the hiisiiiess. Oiitside of
the goods sold !>}' the Hudson's IJay Coiiipiiny,
he had the first store West of the Itocky inoiiiit-
lins. lie iiiscDiitiiiued the store in 1851-, Imt
continued his other linsiness. In 18S2 ho was
worth !i^75,O()0, and he then divided it between
his children and stepchildren, >hare and share
anke. Mr. ^[oss \ras at one time in his life a
newspaper man, an<l has frequently written able
articles for newsjiripers. .Mr. Moss now resides
with his danghter, Lenorc, wife of T. W. Clark,
and is now in his eii^iity-sueand year. He en-
joys good heiltli, and as he has always been a
iiard worker can hardly keep qniet now. In
many respacts he is a remarkable mm. He has
always led an upright life, and enjoys the re-
spect of all who know him.

fKUOME A. POUTER, an enterprisinfr and
successful business man of Forest (irove,
Oregon, was born in Orleans county. New
York, March o, 183H, of Scottish ancestry. His
father, Charles Porter, was born in Connecticut,
and married Miss Caroline Wood, a native of
Massachusetts. They had five children, three
of whom are now living.

The subject of our skotch was the second
child, and was reared and educated in his native
State, and later removed to iLorthern Wisconsin,
where he was engaged for three years in lumber-
ing. At the end of that time, in 185^, he
turned his face toward the setting sun. crossing
that long, wild waste of prairie to (!alifornia.
Arriveil in the g(dden State, he engaged in min-
ing at Placerville, where he remained for two
years, taking out sometimes from 840 to $00 a
day, l>ut some days he obtained only an ounce.
Finally he decided to try staging from Placer-
ville to Napa, which he accordingly did, con-
tinuing in that business for six years, driving
the old fashioned stage coach with six horses.
He afterward made five different trips overland
to the States, purchasing stock, with which he
returned to California, camping out all the way,
and undergoing many hardships and dangers.
He was engaged from time to time in various
enterprises in as many different jilaces. Was
for a time in Mendocino and Sonoma counties,
where ho was engaged in the redwood lumber

business, and did the first logging on the Russian
river. He ne.vt went to ( arson City, Nevada,
whence he returned to California, in Xovembcr,
I80I, and thence came overland on horseback
to Oregon. That winter W'as th<i celebrated
severe one, which caused so much suffering
throughout the country, both on account of the
Severely cold weather an<l also owing to the
heavy fall of snow. In the following spring
Mr. P()rter visited the mines in Idaho, meeting
with fair success, where he renniined for two
years, at the end of which time he "ame to
Forest (trove. Here he pnrchaseil MHO acres,
adjoining the city, which he im|)roved with
substantial buildings, and cultivated the land
assiduously until he made of it a very \ahiablo
farm, to whicdi ho has since a(lde<l until ho now
owns 4;]0 acres of the choicest farming land in
the Northwest. Pesides his farming interests he
has dealt very successfully in real estate on his
own account. It would seem as if lie had visited
almost every known country, but there was still
one remaining, Alaska, to whi(di he went in
1870. Here he sought for gold, and penetrated
iJoO miles into the interior, traveling by means
of sleds and dogs. He discovered several good
claims, and returned to Oregon to get supplies,
but afterward gave it up, and did not return.
The ridges, or highest points of lanti, were per-
petually frozen 100 feet deej), but the creeks
appeared to thaw out once a year.

Mr. Porter was an important factor in the
bnilding of the Northern Pacific railway, who,
in order to got teams to work on the construc-
tion of the road, made a trip to the East in
the winter of 1880, and returned with 210
mules. It was a great undertaking to bring them
through in the winter, but, as usual, he accom-
|)lished his object, and with their assistance was
enabled to do the work he had agreed to do. He
was also engaged on the road from < >gden to
Walla Walla.

In 1802 ho was married to Mrs. KUen Ilafety,
a native of Ohio, the widow of Joseph Rafety,
and a daughter of Jacob Wooley, who came
with his family to Oregon in 1845. They have
four childrt^n, all living at home with their
jiarents: .Vvery J., Charles A., Carrie W. and
Nellie. Mrs. Porter has been a member of the
Congregational Church for thirty years, taking
an active interest in its welfare.

Mr. Porter was a groat admirer of the " Little
Giant," Stephen A. Douglas, and espoused his
version of Democracy most emphatically, but

Ill^ToliY Oh' OUKCON.

1183

the Russian
ty, Xeviida,
Xovi'iiibcr,
I liorscUiuuk

Uclolll'lltt'll

li siiU'criiig
;imiit of tlio
I'iiiif to tlio
iviiig spriiiif

lO, lIUH'titlg

ilmI for two
lie "Hiiio to

)roved witli
eil tlio land
oiy valiiahlo
nitil liu now
iiiiig land in
5 interests lie
estiiti" on his

' had visited
lere was still

he went in

1 penetrated
uif by means
several good
ifet supplies,
not return.
lul, were per-
il the creeks

Faetor in the
railway, who,
the eonstrnc-
tlio East in
id with 21U
to hriiiij; them
il, he accoin-
issistance was
ed to do. lie
oin Ogden to

Kllen Ilafety,
>seph Kafety,
(-, who eanio
. Thoy have
e witii their
larrie W. and
lomlier of the
years, taking

)f the " Little
espoused his
hatioally, but

now styles liiinsolf iiidepeiidenf, desirinjj; only
the welt'aro of his country, with power veste<l in
the hands of the (.'reati'st and best.

Of superabundant eneri^y and superior l)usi-
ness ability, combined witii unswervini; tidcdity
and unvaryinir intej^rity, he is a worthy object
of respect, whihi his kindly motives and j^ener-
oiis heart render him doubly welcome to any
community.

U K E M U L Iv E Y, an honored Oregon
)ioneer of 1847, now residing at Mon-
inoutli, Polk county, in the eij^dity-sccond
year of his life, was born in Kentucky, May ii,
1810. lie is of good old German ancestry,
who came to America pi'evious tr) the JJevolu-
tionary war. lie was the fifth in a family of
six children, (jf whom he is now the only sur-
vivor.

Mr. Mnlkey married Miss Rutliy Allison, a
native of Kentucky, and they came to Missouri,
wliero they had live children, and when the
youngest one, W. J. Miilkey. wdio has fui'iiislied
the data for this sketch, was six months old,
the family started to cross the plains for Ore-
gon, in the spring of 1847. They made the
long journey across the plains, meeting with
many discouragements, among which was the
giving out of the teams. They lost several of
their horses, and arrived in ()regon with one
mare and a cow pulling the wagon. They came
up the valley, and located a donation claim
three and one half miles west of Corvallis,
wliere they resided until 1872, when the father
removed to Monmoutli, where he has since re-
sided. They purchased a farm of 500 acres of
land, which is still in the family, and the father
improved this to a great extent. In 187'2, how-
ever, he removed to Monmouth, where he built
a fine residence, where ho now resides. In
1858 his first wife died, and since that time ho
has been twice married, first, to Narcissa Hrance,
and after her death, to Mrs. Sarah Catron, who
also died. Mr. Mnlkey is spoken of, on every
side, as a man of upright life and character.

The son of this man, W. J. Mulkey, is now
a successful Monmouth business man. lie was
born in Missouri, June 27, 1847. He wuo
reared in Benton and Polk counties, and was
educated in the Christian College, at Motmouth.
After arriving at maturity, he was engaged for
two years in the mercantile business in Mon-

mouth, and then went to eastern Oregon, where
he was engaged in stock-raising tor a year, and
then returned, and farmed a numl)erof years. IJo
then returned to eastern Oregon, and enjracred
in the stock business for five years, after which
he returned to Monmoutli and engaged in tlio
grocery and provision business, in which he is
still engaged, doing the leading grocery busi-
ness of Monmouth. He has invested his money
in a good deal of valuable real estate in the city,
with good results.

In 18(i4 Mr. Mulkey was only seventeen, but
that did not prevent him from enlisting in the
First Oregon Volunteer Infantry, to aid his
({overnment in the time of its severe trial.
They were assigned toduty on the emigrant road,
near Fort Hall, the duties being to keep the
Indians in check and ])rotect the emigrants.
He served until the do.se of the war, and was
honorably dischargeil. He retired from the ser-
vice to his home, and in 18611 was married to
Miss Portia E. IJutler, native of P(dk county,
and daughter of Hon. J. P. Putler. (See history
of same in this book.) ^[r. and Mrs. Mulkey
have had six children, all born in Oregon,
namely: Chauncy C, Losena, Ada, Ruth, Eva
and Lizzie.

Mr. Mulkey is a meniber of the Masonic fra-
ternity and of the (i. A. R. He is a Democrat,
and while in (rilliam county, Oregon, he had
the honor of being elected a representative of
the State Legislature, lie is a stockholder and
member of the Waterworks Comj)any, of Mom-
mouth, and as a business man of Polk county
he stands very high.

I^ON. JOHX MYERS, an esteemed citizen
Wi and prominent business man of Portland,
ll Oregon, is a native of .Missouri, in How-
ard county, in which State he was born Sep-
tember 15, 18.m His father, Jlobert Miller
Myers, was born in Kentucky, and married Miss
Martha Lynch, a native of Virginia. Mr.
Myers' paternal ancestors were early settlers of
I'ennsylvania, while those on his mother's side
wore e(]ually early settlers of Virginia. His
maternal grandfather, Henry Lynch, was a
soldier in the Revolutionary war, under the
command of '-Mad '' Anthony Wayne, and served
throucrh the whole struggle for independence.
His parents hail eight (diildren, all of whom are
living exeejjt his brother, .Tainea H., who was

ti»i

iirsrouY 0/-' oiinoox.

J! P

1 1- :■.' :

i^m

killei) ill battle in lliu f^rc'it civil wiir
joct of our skctcli wM-i the elik'st of

Tlu- H(ll).

tiie I'litii'ly,
uiiil \vii8 raise 1 on lii> fiitlier's I'liriii. Ho on-
MmocI ill tlie Me.xiL'iiii war. in wliidi he served un-
til its(rlo8L', al'ter wlii(!li he returned to liis home,
and contii lud rariiiinif until lSo2, when 1m
crosseil the plains to California. Ho inir 'J(l
near Sonora. Tuolninni! eoiinty, ot that Stale;
afterward at Coster's creek; altogether, speii'l-
inj.' a vear in the ( 'alit'ornia <ligf;ings. ami se-
ciiiino; a fair >iipply of f^old dust. After clei..--
ing lip iJil.SOO. he went to near .lainostown, and
eiifraired ill dealiiij; in hay and liarley. Lr.'er
lie hecuine interested in a iniiiing ditch eiiter-
jirise in the town of I,a (irange, the construction
(if wliicli he superintended. Ue was afterward
elei_tei! .Sjieriff of Stanislaus county, servint; in
that capacity for nearly throe years. In l;^")^
lie had a water ditch, which lii' ran until 1860,
at which time he sold out and came to Oregon,
where ho arrived in August of that year. Ho
purchased property in Oregon City, and en-
ffiured in the general merchanilise trade, do-
ing a successful Inisiness for twenty-eight
years. In 1*S68 he was elected Sheriff of
Clackamas county, and afterward represe ited
that county in the State Senate for the sessions
of 1872. 1.S74, 1S76, 1878 and 1880. During
liit service in the State Senate, he distinguished
liiinself as a fluent speaker, thorough parlia-
mentarian and a clear-headed, practical states-
man, commanding the resjiect of his fellow-
members, as well as that of the people of t. i State.
While in Oregon City he figured proinii. "H-
in public reports of successful business men.
He was president of the Board of Trade, and
aided in building the first bri<lge which spanned
the Wi'.lamette river. In 1888 he was ap-
pointed Ity President Cleveland to the office of
United States Marshal. He then sold his busi-
ness at Oregon City, and removed to East
J'ortland, serving two years as United Stntcs
Marshal, and interesting himself in improving
East I'(U'tland. When it became a part of the
city, ho was elected a member of the City Coun-
cil, being elepted by his fellow-members Presi-
dent of the Council. He is also Cliairmai of
the Committee on Streets, ^f tlie Ways am.
M«ans and Judiciary Conimittees, and is
applying his solid business judgment to the
interests of the city of Portland. He is one of
the organizers and jiresident of the Coinmer-
cial and Savings Bank of Portland. This bank
lias been organiijed for only a few years, but is

having a successful career, and has the confi-
dence of the business men of the city. He
has iiiiieh valuable property in the city, and
1,100 acres of rich laii<l in Clackamas county.

He was married in 1858 to Miss Sarah Hood,
a nativeof Missouri. They have had eleven tdiil-
drcn, of whom ten are living. The daughters
who havii changed their names arc as follows:
Martha A. is the wife of Mr. W. A. K.iir-
weather; Kva S. is now M . L. P. Williams;
and Carrie B. is the wife of Dr. itobcrt B.
iieatie.'

In the midst of his busy life, Mr. Myers has
found time to connect himself with ami interest
himsolf in the Masonii' fraternity. There, as
everywhere else, he is an active, worthy iiiem-
bei, being Past Master of ids lodge in Califor-
nia, and twice Master in Oregon. In politics
he is an anient Democrat, indorsing the prin-
ciples of his party most thoroughly. Since
coining to Portlaml, ho has built a liandsonie
residence on the corner of Eleventh and Co-
lumbia streets, where, with his family about
him, he enjoys the tranquillity of domestic life.
Notwithstanding his long and active business
life, he still appears to be in his prime, with
many years of usefulness before nim, which
prospect his host of admirers fondly hope may
1)0 fully realized.

fri)GE RICHAPtI) M. POWERS, one of
Oregon's pioneers, was born in Guilford
coiiiuy. North Carolina, June 5, 1831. His
father, Allen Powers, was a native of North
(/arolina, and married Miss Periuelia Gibson,
also of North Carolina, who immigrated to Hen-
derson county, Indiana, in 188S, when Indiana
was Iiut a vii(lerness,and Iocate<l near Danville,
the coi ity seat. He was a boot and shoemaker
by trade, but carried on the farm in connection
with his trade. He died at the age of seventy-
ei:;ht years, in 187G, his wife having preceded
him six years, at the age of seventy. They had
had a family of nine children, of whom tliere
are seven yet living, and Richard was the sixth
child. One brother was killed in tlie war.

The early education of our subject was re-
ceived in a log school house, where the split logs
formed the seats, and teaching was carried on
in a very primitive way. Later he was afforded
the advantages at the Danville University, and

ttlSTOHY OF Ollh'UOX.

lliift

; tlie confi-
! city. Ilt«
cily, luid
us county,
arali IIodiI,

('ll!V(Ml cliil-

(liiii^litors

as follows :

. A. K.iir-

. WilliiimB;

lioLert IJ.

Myers has

iiici interest
'I'iicre, as

)rtliy nioin-
i ill Califor-

In politics
ij; tlio prin-
rlily. Sinctf
a iiandsoiuo
th and Co-
ainily about
omestic life,
ivo business

prime, with
him, which
y hope may

K [IS, one of
in Guilford
5,1831. llis
vo of North
b'lia Gibson,
ated to Ileii-
hen Indiana
;ar Danville,
d slioeinakor
ri connection
I of seventy-
ng preceded
They had
whom there
ras the sixth
le war.

jject was re-
he split logs
8 carrieil on
was afforded
iversity, and

when lie had completed his tiiiu' a* sclionl lin
decided to learn a self siipportiiiir traije, ami
concluded that the trade of blacksinitii wo'ild
suit him, and after his apprenticeship was over
he concllKled to join the eini;;riition to the coast.
lie tirst went to Illinois, in the tall of 1>S52,
where ho fitted up an ox team and pru|mrcd for
the loni^ journey, beginninj^ it in the sprint; of
I85ij, and ha 1 uiiUiJiial jjood fortune until he
reached Snake river; here his cuttle bej^aii to
die, and when he landed at the Cascades he haci
only three living oxen. .\t this place he eolil
out his outfit and went by boat to Portland,
where he engiiged in the blacksmith business,
remaining there until the next spring. At that
time Portland was a village of about 4(H) pc(i])le,
and after leaving this city lie wont to Albany,
where he followed his trade for a short time, and
then went to Eugene City. At this jilace he
renewed an ac([iiaintaiice with a young lady who
had crossed the plains in tlie same train as hiin-
self. and this resulted in the marriage of Mr.
Powers and Miss Elizabeth Winters, December
'J5, 1854, the bride being a native rif Zancsville,
Ohio, daughter of Robert and Elinira Winters.
Mr. Powers resided in P^ngone City until 18(50,
then returned to Albany, where he remained for
fifteen years, following his trade. Success at-
tended his efforts, and everything seemed prcs-
perous until 1871, when death came and re-
moved his faithful companion from his side.
Eive children have been liorn to Mr. and Mrs.
Powers, one of whom died in infancy, the oth-
ers being: William, who resides in AVeston;
Charles, a printer in San Francisco, California;
Maud, married A. J. Stanford, of Athena; and
Uicliard is still at home. After tlie death of
Mrs. Powers Mr. Powers removed to Lebanon,
where later he married Mrs, Mary Ii<>yiiold8, -a
native of P(^nnftylvania, who came to Oregon in
1801. Slie was the mother of four chihlron at
the time of her inarriagt^ to Mr. Powers, two of
whom are living, Ilattie and John. Mr. and
Mrs. Powers resided in Lebanon seven vofvrs,
hut in 1871* came to Weston, where they' built
the hotel Delinonico, and successfully conducted
it for tliirteon years; becoming tired of the busi-
ness, however, in .Inly, 1892, Juilge Powers
rented it out, and removed to his tine residence,
on a three-acre plat of ground in the north end
of Weston, whore he expects to make extensive
improvements, and spend the remainder of his
days. The Judge has filled some important
positions in Oregon, serving fourteen years

as .justice of the Peace in .\ll):iiiy mid one
year as (Jity Uecurder. lie has been .lustice
of the i'eace of Weston ever since his ar-
rival here. Governor Wood appointed Judge
Powers, with Captain Ilnmpliroy and .lacob
Mann, to inspect and ri^purt on the oM iiiilitiiry
roail rnnninit from Portland to Malheur, which
rofjiiired them forty days to revii w. Like al-
most all of theold pioneers Judge Powers caino
in for his share of Indian fighting, taking part
in tile R iguo river-war ill 185tU"57. lie had
many narrow escapes, and took part in ii num-
ber of battles with the Indians. lie mentions
one time when a small squad of the soldiers
surrounded a whole band of Indians on top of a
bluff. The latter had no way of escape, and in
the morning (!uptain Perry, with liis whole
band, killed all the Indians. lua\ Ing only a deaf
and dumb Indian, who manageil to cscajie at
that time, but was afterward captured. .Judge
Powers has spent forty years in active life, and
is well known as an old settlci'of Oregon. For
the last fourteen years ho has been engaged in
law business and in collecting pensions f(.ir the
soldiers, lie is a life-long Democrat, and a
moniber of the Masonic onler.

X D R E W .r E F I'^ E R S () N .\ 1-: L S O N,

a lianly pioneer of 1852, and an honortj
citizen of McMiiinvillo, Oregon, was born
in Monti;omery county, Tennessi^e, May 28,
1827. His father, .lames Nelson, was a native
of N'^irginia and a distinguished officer in the
war of 1812. In 1807 he married Miss Eli/abeth
Allen, also a native of Virginia, born June 10,
178(5 They had seventeen children, eight sons and
nine daughters. Three died in infancy, while
six daughters and all of the sous lived to have
families of their own. Their names are: Milley,
Mary, Elizabeth, William .VUen, Martha, Louisa,
Nancy, James M., Dazel, Zenos Hush, (ioorge
W. and Sarah (twins) Andrew. I offer.son. Robert
Rutherford and Nathan Dixon. In 1828 the
family moved to Kentucky, whence, in 1882,
they again moved to Adams county, Illinois.
Here his father resided on a farm until his
death, on October (5, 184(5, aged sixty-seven
years. Ho was a man wlio was much esteemed
for his probity of character and general thrift,
and was a very successful farmer. His faithful
wife survived him eight yeai's, dying April (5,
18.")4, ageil sixty-c'ght years. Mr. Nelson's

i\ - i

iisn

UlsroHY nF iiRKaoN.

grciit-gniiiill'iitlior Ncl^dii win l»urn in Iri'liuul,
Hiid his jrreiit-grHiidriilhiT Ailoii was u imlivo df

Scnllllllll.

'I'lif suliject of (iiir BJ^t'tcli was the tiftociitli
I'liilil, ami is iiciw one of tlm fonr siirvivorB of
tliirt lari^ru family, llo was rearoil on liis fatliiM-'H
farm, in Illinois, work in;,' on the farm in siininii'r,
and walkin;^ two ami a iialf miles to a lo;,' school-
iiowsc in winter, thus ohtaining a very limited
cdiication under most adverse ciri'iimstances.
In ISls, the year of the diseoxery of ;;old in
California, he rciiciied his majority, and. tired iiy
the f{lowiiiij reports from that fur country, he
determiiu'cl, in 18.")0, to test their merits, and
aceordinifly set forth on his loii^ and iierilons
journey. His intention at the time was to re-
main ill the We.st but for a eoiiiile of years,
whereas twenty-nine lono yeai's elapsed liefore
he recrosseil tlu' plain.'- to meetaoniii his neare-t
iiiid dearest relatives and friends.

While in California he was located in the
vicinity of I'hicerville, where lie was eii^'iiged in
teaming from August. iH'M, until Fehruary,
ISo'i. His first $1,.">00 was invested in oxen
and wagons, with which to carry on the teaming
liiisiness, which was then very remunerative.
After some time iliey were all stolen from him
in a sinirle night, and ho Jiad to start aifuin,
which he did. earning and saving $'.,'. i)(MI, of
wIiIlIi he gaveifiT') for a steerage jiassage on the
S'eamer, (Joluniiiia. to Portland, Oregon. Tiiey
H-ere three and a half days making the voyat,'e,
owing to very rough weather. e.\|ierienceil on
the ocean, and he was so seasick that one potato
Butiiced him during the i)a8Siii;e. ( )n arriviiKf
at Astoria, he was not favorably impressed with
the place, so he secured passage on the Wil-
lamette to I'oi'tland, which coincidi^d more with
his views of a city. At tirst he renteil a farm
on Tualitiii plains, but finally came to the
vicinitj of Mc.^^innvilll•, whore he purcliasd ItiO
acres of land, giving a man S2u() for his claim,
which he afterward held under the donation
land law. lie built a cabin, into which he
moved, in .\ugust. Is."j2. where he worked and
lived alone until .Vpril. 18.")4, w hen he was mar-
ried to Miss I.ncretia !■]. Iiiirnett, a native of
Clay county. jMissonri. where! she was born .Vpril
3(1,' 1837. ' She was a daughter of (4. W. and
S A. liiiinett, and a niece of the lion. I'eter II.
Hurnett, t!ie tirst governor of California, and
she came to Oregon in 184().

After rcsidiiii; here for tive years he sold out.
mid purchased 38.") acres, located two and a half

miles West of .McMiniiN ille. Mere he resided
for eighteen years, rearing his family of seven
children, improving his property, erecting on it
siibHtantial buildings, a comfmtalile residence,
and large barns for grain and stoid;, beside4
highly cultivating the land, making a very val-
uable farm of it. In 1877 he retired from thin
|)Iace, and built a pleasant home in McMinii-
ville, where he has sim^e resided, enjoying a
Well-earned rest from the arduous labors of his
yoiingi r years. Here, chcereil by the society of
his faithful wife ami with si.\ of his chililren
near him, he is tasting the sweets of a well-
ordered and industrious life. Alice .lane, their
oldest (laughter, wife of Mr. Allen Sludton. died
soon litter her marriage; Annie I'urnett, niiir-
ried .Mr. William A. Harrison, a |irominent
merchant of MeMinnville, and they have a vi'ry
pleasant home near her father's; .Martha liecaiiie
the wife_of .Mr. <i. W. llunsuckcr, and resides
in Linn county; .lohn Holt married Miss Lt^nora
llunsuckcr, who died, and he married MissZilla
Uanii(<, and is a successful dentist, of McMinii-
\ iUe; Ira (iates is a telegra|ili operator, resid-
ing in Colorado; Sidney Katie inarried Mr. H.
F. Ksicas. a ticket agent; and I'reil Frank i.- at
home.

Mr. Nelson owns considerable stock in some
of the best paying enterprises in MeMinnville,
being interested in the <i rangers' store, and also
in the creamery and cold storage company, ami
never loses :,; iDportunity to aid any and all
enterprises i'ltt^iil ■ 1 to benefit tlii^ farmer, real-
i/.ing tliai thut is ''ic secret of a city's success.

He was earjd u Democrat, but despised
slavery, and i ecame a Republican, and at the
time of the war was a strong I'nioii man. He
continued a Republican until late in life, when
he considered it was his duty to take a stand
against intemperance, and is now identified with
llie I'rohibition Jiarty. He was the first .Iiistice
of the I'eace elected in MeMinnville precinct,
which at that tiiiu' covered four of the present
precincts.

During his whole life he has been interested
in wdiatever concerned farmers, and lias taken
an active interest in the Grange, having been
Master of the lodge and Lecturer, in which
capacity he has traveleil all over the State, speak-
ing In their interest and advocating the advance-
ment of their wtdfare.

He and his faithful wife are worthy meinhers
of the Christian Church, of which he is one of
the Killers.

iia i I

lllsroliy OF DKHiioN.

1IM7

It' iiitciii|iui'aii('c iiiid tliu fiii'incr liiiii ii million
I'rieiiilH mill mlMjciutuM tilled witli the /csil id our
Hiibjci't, what inif^'iit tliey nut iti'C!iini|ili»li { The
nriiiricH would Idort^dui uh tlic rosu, mid tlit'tillL-r
of the Hoil woulii iiiiiurit the earth, r('(i[)iiiif tiie
lieiictit of IiIh toil; wliili) iiitcinpi'i'anci-, tliiit
liydra-h('ad(!d iiioiiKtor. would he Htrickuii with
(liMith, and wi'ithe miiidst the }iolliiti(JU8 of itd
own invention.

— '^■4

ASMUS ? I'.LSON, an intellijront and eii-
ter|u'iHiii^ citizen of McMinnvilli-, Ih u na-
tive of Denniarii, from which country
conies some of our hcst and ahlcst nuui and
women. In this small, Imt imnortnnt, country
bo was h(jni Octoher 2S, 184u. lli?: parent*
were hotli Danes, and i^eoplc of conceded pro-
hity, and spotless reputation. His father is now
iioldiiifi the otHce of Postmaster of his native
town, the duties of which he has ahly dischiirjjeil
for a niiniher of years.

The snhjectof our .sketch was reared and ed-
ucated in his native town, wdiere he afterward
learned the trader of watron and carria<fe
maker. On hecominir of age, he, like so many
others before him and since, became desirous of
trying his fortune iu the new country of Amer-
ica. Accordingly, he borrowed part of his pas-
Buge money, and with a heart full of hopeful
anticipations, set sail for the '• land of the free
and tlie homo of the brave."" Arrived at his
destination, heat once went to Hau Claire, Wis-
consin, where he was for several years employed
at his trade as a jouineyman, and soon had the
pleasure of remitting the money lie borrowed
from bis friends in Denmark.

Hy industry and economy he soon aceuinu-
lated sufficient to defray his expenses to the
Paciric coast, of which he had heard marvelous
things concerning its advantages. Accordingly,
in iluly, 1869, he came via the Union Pacific
Kailroad, to I'ortlaiul, < >regoii. From there he
went to Salem, where he worked for a short
time at his trade. He then came to ^loMinn-
villi', where he worked for a year and a lialf for
Mr. Norton, when he purchaseil his emjilover's
shoj), and began business for himself, which he
has ever since continued, liy close attention
to buainess and satisfactory ami reliable work.
his business grew from year to yitar, and in ad-
dition to this, his uniformlv courteous and cor-

dial manmjr, roudei'-'il him ii very great favorite
ill the conuniitiily, nnd he becanu' one of its
most inlliiential bnsine'S men.

Mr. .Nelson fiu'ine 1 a partnership with Mr.
(/. D. .lohnsmi, a leading blaoksmith of the city,
and together tiiey made goiid and substantial
carriages ami wagons, both of u hich were in de-
mand, and from tliu sale of which they realised
a handsome proHt, with a constantly increasing
trade.

Mr. Nelson now owns a valual>le lot and >hop
on Ii street, besides which he has puridiasnd laud
in an attractive part of the city, on which ho
has erected a substantial residence, which ho
lia-t surrounded with grounds tastefully laiil out
and oniaineute 1 with tretM and flowering shrubs,
the whole being suggestive of comfort and ro-
tinement.

In lS7ii he was married to Mi-s Uansena
Chriatena Hansen, a native of (iormany,a lady
of education and retini'mont. They have live
intelligent children, all of whom retiect credit
on their native city and State.

Mr. Nelson is jjolitically a Ilepublican, al-
though taking no active part in politics other
than desiring the welfare of his adopted coun-
try. Ho is a member of the Masonic fraternity,
and also of the A. < >. l'. W., of which latter
society he is now .Master.

Having for twenty-two years successfully
done business in McMinnvine, it is not surpris-
ing that he should bi> devoted to the interests of
his fa\orite city. He is one of this ciiy"s nio.st en-
terprising busine-is inon, and never misses an
opportunity to contribute to her U|il)iMing and
general prospei'ity. These commendable i|uali-
ties are universally appreciated by his fellow
citizens, who vie with each other in their
general indorsement of respect and good-will.

^►^-==j.-.^{-€:^ . — : ■ « ■

:iLIJAM XESMITH, a native son of
Polk county, was born on the ohl home-
stead, which he now owns, and where
lie now resides, July 10, 1859. II'.s father,
Colonel James Willis Nesmith, was a native of
Missouri, born in 1820. Their ancestors emi-
grated from Londonderry, county Diuiegal,
Ireland, lo America, ](revioiis to the Itevoln-
tionarv war. Colonel .Nesmith was reared in
his native State, until 1813, when !.<_■ crossed
the plains as captain of the company that crossed

,\ Hi

1188

niSTORY Of OREOON.

that year, lie was a carpenter by trade, and
his worldly possessions consisted of a rifle and
Ilia saddle liorse, iiiit as lie was a single man, it
was easy for bini to snpport himself by working
at his trade. Ho carried on his trade at Ore-
gon City for some time, and then came to Vo\k
county, purchased the Foster donation claim,
three n iles sonthwest of Kici<reall, and later be
purchased tlie James O'Neal Flouring iMill, at
llickreall. lie married Miss Sauline (lotf, a
native of Missouri, daujjhter of David Goff, a
native of Kentucky, and an honored Oregon
pioneer of 1844. lie took his donation claim
on the llickreall, and was a widely and favor-
ably known pioneer. Ilis death occurred in
1874, in his seventy-sixth year. Ilis wife bad
already died in 18G4. Ilis grandsons, James
and William Nesmith, now reside on their
grandfather's donation claim.

('olonel Nesmith ran his flouring mill for
many years, and was very successful in all bis
enterprises. lie purchased a h.!')^i, tract of the
valuable hmd in that vicinity, and at one time
was tiio owner of about 1,U00 acres. He was a
man of generous impulses, and during bis life
gave employment and aid to many a needy
pioneer. So great was liis kindness to those in
need, tliat he was highly esteemed throughout
the entire Northwest. In political nritters he
was very prominent, inclining toward Demo-
cratic convictions, and be took an active part
in the affairs of '^^regon during the time it was
beinir transformed into a State. He served as
Judge of the Provisional Government; Repre-
sentative in the Territorial Legislature, and was
a mcniber of the Constitutional Convention
that framed the State Constitution. After this
be was elected *o re|)resent tiie young State he
had aided in founding in the United States
Senate, it. 18(il. In 1872 he was eleeied a
memlier of t^ongress, but after serving his term
he retired to liis homo and devoted his attention
to bis large private interests. He was the
fouixler of the town of Derry, and gave it its
name, in honor of the town from which his
family sprang. His death occurred, Jannaiy 17,
18S(). His wife survived him until 18110. tiiey
are both buried in a beautiful spot on the Kick-
reall, tlu^ place be had himself selected on the
donation claim, and so much ilid tlie On-gon
Legislature think of him, as one of their noblest
and best citizi'ns, that they made an appropria-
tion for a monument to be erected to his
memory, l)nt bis children at their own ex-

pense erected one, at a cost of $1,000. He
was a plain, honest, wholesome and impartial
man, loving and indulgent to his family, kind
and hospitable to bis neighbors, and devoted to
the interests of the State. Ilis family, know-
ing his tastes and his aversion to anything like
display, erected t(> him such a monument as they
know would be in accord with his spirit of in-
dependence and unassuming ideas. The noble
pioneer rests in the land he labored to obtain,
in the great State of which be was one of the
founders. Nine children were born to Senator
and Mrs. Nesmith, of whom four only are liv-
ing, namely: Mary Jane, wife of Levi Ankeny,
resides in Walla Walla; Harriet K., wife of L.
L. McArthur, a prominent member of the bar
of Oregon, (see Judge McArthur's hiftory, in
this book); Valine I'., wife of William Moleson,
resides in Rickreall, on a farm which was left to
her from her father's estate; .lames ISusb, and
William Golf, now own the donation claim
owned by thei grandfather, Mr. Goff.

James Hush has kindly furnished the data for
this brief sketch of his honored father and his
family. He was educated in the schools of his
county, and in the Portland Husiness College.
He has spent the whole of bis lil'e, however, on
the farm on which he was reared, and of wb'ch
be now owns 253 acres.

Mr. Nesmith married Georgia Clark, a na-
tive daughter of Oregon, born in his own county,
daughter of W. E. Clark, an Oregon pioneer of
1852. Tl?y have one son, Lin Willis. Mr.
Nesmith is a Democrat in politics. He resides
on the homestead of bis ancestors, and ho loves
and reveres the mcniorv of bis father, and
grandfather, and is justly proud of both his
county and State.

fHAllI.ES T. XKKP, a successful Wash-
ington (!Ounty farmer, now residing in
Cornelius, Oregon, is a native of Wiscon-
sin, born May '5, 1854. His father, Charles
Neep, was born in England, in 1815, and was
educated in his native land, and learned the
wagon-makers' trade. He marrie(l Theodocia
Hocking, of England. 'I'hey came to America
in 1851. and settled in Wisconsin, where they
resided until 1872. and then weiit to Oregon,
and settled at Forest (irove. They brought Ave
children with them to Oregon, miniely: John

HISTORY OF OREGON.

118U

f $1,000. Ho
and impartial
s fiiinily, kind
and devoted to
family, know-
aii3 thing like
nunentas tiiey
8 spirit of in-
IS. The noble
red to (jhtaiii,
•as one of the
)i'n to Senator
only are liv-
I..evi Ankeny,
K., wife of L.
ler of the bar
r's liiKtory, in
lliiitn Mol'osoii,
lich was left to
es Hush, and
)nation claim
tuff.

d the data for
atlier and his
ehools of his
ness College.
', however, on
and of wh'"o,h

Clark, a na-

sown eonnty,

;on j)ioiieer of

Willis. Mr.

He resides

and hfi loves

father, and

of both his

'ihh\\ Wash-
residing in
i of AViscon-
ther. Charles
Uo, and was
h'arned the
il 'I'iieodoeia
I to America
, wiiere they
i to Oregon,
bronght five

"ely: John

Alfred, William, Charles T.; and Kanni ! T., now
Mrs. 'J'honias Talbtit. The father lived on a
farm at Forest drove for seven years, and then
retired fro.n active business, and now lives at
Cornelins, where he und his wife are spending
the evening of their useful and industrious life.
Charles T. was the fourth ehild, and he v.as
in his eighteenth year when he arriveil in Ore-
gon. He fanned on rented land until 188(5,
when he ])urcbased 217 acres of laud, three miles
east of llillsboro, the purchase price being
$+,500. He resided on this property a few
years, and then sold it for ^l(),()0U. He next
went to Corn(iliu8 and purchased forty acres,

i'oining the town, and also several town lots.
le liuilt a good residence on the new purchase,
and aho a large barn, «nd is doing a successful
business.

He married Irena Ennis, of Oregon, in lS77.
Slie is t' e danirhter of Allen Ermis, an Oreifor.
piouL.T. Five children have been added to this
union, namely: Annie, Minnie, (leorgie, Tracy
and Henry. Mrs. Neep died on April 11, 1891.
She was one of the best women, a faithful wife
and an indulgent mother, and her loss has been
felt very keenly by her hnsband and children.
They have the sympathy of all their friends.
Mr. Xeep is a member of the K. of P. lie is
an enterprising citizen, and interests himself in
everything intended to benetit Oregon, tlie State
of his adoption.

HS. LHCRETIA OVEIiTUitF. nee
Whitrimore, of Milton, I'matilla
county, Oregon, was l)orn at Eugene,
I>ane county, Oregon, November 20, 1854, her
father being McDouough Whittemore, a native
of New l\)rk. He was married to Nancy Bow-
Mian, a native of Illinois; emigrated with her
to Oregon, in 1853, settling at Eugene, where
he worked at bis trade of a bhicksmith, until his
death, in 1882, aged tifty-four years; his wife
following, in 1887, aged si.xty three years.
They were parents of ten children, the sui)j''ct
of this sketch being next to the youngest.

I.ucretia Whittemore, of this l>iography,met,
in 1873, Hon. F. M. Crockett, of Pendleton, thei<
County Clerk of Pmatilla county, at Pendletun,
and was marricil to him .July (i, 187i5. Mr.
Crockett had then tilled two terms, and bad just
been elected a third time. He was a native of
Tennessee, having been born near Xashville,

June 1, 1834. In the fall of 18(;0 he luft his
home for Vreka, ('alifornia. in response to a let-
ter from his bi'other, E. S. Crockett, who at
that time was in the black8mi''iing busiiu's< at
Yreka.

Mr. F. M. Crockett remained in northern Cidi-
fornia for a year, working in the mines, mn't-
ing with very good success, but on account ot ill
health was compelled to leave. He then came
to Oregon and settled for a tinu' inJAIbany, and,
on recovering his usual health, he went to Flor-
ence, Idaho, whfc e he engaged in mining dur-
ing the brief excitement in that camp. He
went from there to MoiseCity in 186ii, and thence
to the Willanu'tte valley, where he followed
farming for one season. In the fall (^f 18(i4 he
removed to Butter Creek, Umatilla county,
where he bouslit a farm, on wiiich he remained
until 187(5, at which place he resided whe!i first
elected County Clerk.

At the regular Uemocratic convention, 'n
1872, Mr. Crockett. Nathan I'iercc, Hugh Mc-
.Vrtliur and James Moore were candidates for
the position of County Clei'kof Umatill,. county.
It was arranged between Messrs. Crockett and
Pierce that the one who should receive the least
number (jf votes on first ballot would withdraw
in favor of the other. Pierce withdrew, Crock-
ett was nominated and subseijuentlv elected by
a vote of the people. After serv ig the first
term, Mr. Crockt^tt was again nominated and
re-elected by a large nuijority. Before the
term h.id expired he resigned, on iiccount of fail-
ing health, and a successor was appointed, lut
Mr. Crockett A'as still retained by the court
during its session.-; until the expiration of the
term. 11^ then sold his land on Putter creek
and bought a ranch of 240 acres, situated three
miles north of Milton, which he began to im-
irove to fruit culture and where be made his
Jioiue.

During the winter of 188(i Mr. Crockett was
strongly favored by the peophi of Eastern l,'m-
atilla as a 'andidate for Representative to the
l.(^gislature. This was unsolicited by him, but
Ka-tern rmatillawaslin need of an honest man -
a man who, although unassuming and not ,i
leader of men, could be dejiended on when the
liallot was cast. Thus was Mr. Crockett put
forward and subsequently elected to the memor-
able f.egislature of 188G-'87. Well did he de-
serve the confidence placed in him, and it was,
in |)art, due to his honest but silent work, that
such a rousing majority for the great and press-

UiiO

ntsToHT OF oiiKaok.

iiig need of divibion, grcctiMl him in the House
of Kcpreseiitutives. And liad this true-lu'iii'ted
man lived until another year had passed, the
legislative halls would liave again echoed his
cjuift "llere,"inans\verto the daily roll-call V>\\t
his health, none too good for years, gave com-
])lete!y away, ami he died February !i5, 1887.

Mr. (I'ockett was mourned by a host of
friends, lie was a man who could illy be spared
from any community with which he might have
been identided. He was strictly honest, but
very unassuming; active in business and poli-
tics, but quiet and not given to buncombe; in-
telligent and learned, but still of the common
jx'ople; in fact, a man whose name will always
cairy with it the memory of honesty, integrity
and uprightness among those who knew him
best, lie was buried in the Valley Cemetery,
and his funeral was the most largely attended
one ever witnessed in his vicinity, thus mutely
testifying to his widespread popularity and ster-
ling worth of character.

Mrs. Crockett was left a widow with live
children and another was born soon after his
death. The names (jf the children are; Clyde,
Myrtle, Edith, (irace, Pansy, who dietl April
2(5, 188f<;and Frances, whodied January 7, 1889.

Mr. Crockett was a poor boy when he came
AVestand was compelled to work hard foraliving;
but soon accumulated enough to go into busi-
ness fo- ^ mIT, and before his death had made
"•.ih^Meiii T (e ve his wife and children in coiu-
'n-.r\ !i; v.ii instances, leaving an estate that
is -..)rt!. Ill 181-3, $50,000. The farm is
adaptei. to the raising of fruit, including all
kinds of berries, a great variety of all kinds
having been planted by liim before his death.

The subject of this notice was ini.rried a sec-
ond time to .\. J. Overturf, August 12, 1890,
he being a native of ^[issouri, who came to
Oregon in 1889. He is a practical agriculturist
and conducts the home farm.

^-^

(UWIX ('rMMIN(;S, one of the honest
pioneers of < Iregon in 1852, now deceased,
was b(}rn in Steuben county, New York,
in '1810. His j)eiiple were early settlei's in that
State. He removed to Michigan and from there
to Illinois, where, in 18:iSI, he married Miss
Martha Jaiu' Uird. Her father, mother and
family emigrated to Oregon in 18 11. and in 18.")'2

Air. Cnnimings. his wife and two children,
Annie and Steuben, also came to Oregon and
the journey was a safe one.

Our subject stopped at Irene City, where he
ke|)t store for a year, and then came to Washing-
ton county, and took a donation claim in the
woods, where he built a log cabin. They !iad
but little to do with, but his faithful wife cared
for the children, and he worked f.c bricklaying
in Portland, as he was an e.\pert at this trade,
but in those early days Mrs. Ciu ninings often
longed for the comfortable homo she had left
and shed many useless tears, bu' as the years
went on Mr. Cummings prospered 'ind improved
his land, and comforts came to the wilderness.

Mr. (,'umniings was a Republican in his poli-
tics and a most worthy and reliable man. and one
of those whose sup|)ort of the Union was open
and pronounced. On April (!, 1885, lie died,
lamented by all who knew him. as he had led a
good life, and wan very highly respected. Oidy
two of the children ai'e now living. The eldest
daughter is the wife of John L. Fuller, and re-
sides in Clarke county, Washington; Ivouisa is
the wife Joseph Galbraith, and lier mother re-
sides with her on the old donation claim. Mrs.
Cummings still enjoys quite good health, and
is one of the ]>lea8aut pioneer women of large
experience, who has made many an<l true friends
by her kindness of heart and sympathetic nature.

fAiNIEL THOMPSON PHILLIPS, of
Hillsborough, came to Oregon in 1856.
He is a native of St. Clair county, Illinois,
born July 'J7. 18:2:5. His father. Samuel Phillips,
was a native of .North Carolina, born in 1797.
The family originated in Wales, and emigrated
to .\nierica previous to the Revolution. .lohn
Philliiis fought in the war for independeneo.
Mr. Phillips' mother was a Me'ntableThoni])son,
of Lincoln county. Maine, born in 1805. They
had thirteen chiMren. eleven of whom grow to
maturity, and seven still survive. The suiiject
of this sketch was the elilest child, and he was
e<lucated in St. ('lair county, and for several
years engaged in the manufacture of brooms,
and later lei.cned an<l followed t''e trad<' of iirick-
layer. After he went to ( tregon ho f-'itiUd on
2-iO acres of land i!i Washington eouu'y in 18.'>7,
and he paid !?1,000 for it, and a liltie hitt.r sold
it with a gain of 8100. With this money he

SM..

HISTOUr OF OR BOON.

1 cliildivii,
'rt'iTon imcJ

pureliahetl a lialf-sectiuii of lund twoand oue-liall'
miles west of Hillsborough. It cost in 18()5,
$l,;i50. Here he lived and im[)roved the prop-
erty until it became one of the finest farms of
the county, and now (1892) its value is ^'JO per
acre. Ue still owns 200 acres of the orii;inal
purchase. In December, 18U1, he retired from
the farm, and purchased a place in Hillsborough.
He has other property interests, including a
businesss lot and building, and is conducting a
harness-making establishment.

He was married on the 17th day of April, 1845,
to Miss Martha Tate, of Tennessee. She came
with her parents to Illinois in 1S29, when she
was two years old and she was raised in the same
State. David Tate, her father, was in the war of
1812. Mr. anil Mrs. Thillips have had twelve
children, ten of whom are living. Mary Jajie,
now ilrs. C. W. Purden, is the eldest daughter;
and she had nine children, and is now a widow;
Alonzo is married, and has four children; Kllen
married (t. ^Vickers, and has six children; Sarah
ie the wife of D. Smith, and has si.x children;
Millie mari'ied M. W. Shear; George W. is ]iiar-
ried; Emma is now Mrs. Jackson Ford, and has
four children; Charles W. is married, and has
one child. The two youngest sons are Alliert
T. and Franklin W. Mr. and Mrs. Phillips
have been married forty-seven years, and they
both enjoy good healtli. They have thirty
grandchildren in addition to tiieir ten children.
Tlay have reared this large family to be indus-
trious and honest, ami they are a comfort to the
declining years of their worthy parents. He is
a member of the 1. (). (). F., and has always
been a Democrat in polities. He is a reliable
citizen of the great State in which helms resided
for so loiiii.

fC HEED, Fish Commissioner of As-
toria, was born in Sagadahoc county,
* Maine, in 1847, a son of Crosby Reed,
a ahip-carpenter and farmer by occupation. He
learned the earpenters' trade when ii yi'ung nniii,
but from the cumpletion of his education, until
twenty-eight years of age, he foil, wed logging
on the river. March 28, l^i75, he nnvrried
llattie E. Webb, and A|)ril 1, of the same year,
he started for Oregon. Like many other suc-
cessful men of Astoria, Mr. llt^ed engaged in
fishing for one season, and later worked at his
trade, ile then formed a joint-stock company,

called the Fisherman's Canning Company, the
first stock company on the river, the members
being C.Tim mens, P).( lallagher, James Williams
and Pen Young. He then built the White
Star Cannery, with Alessrs. Timmons, (iallagher
and Prakke, but two yeai's latter went to Alas-
ka, where he was superintendent of the Cape
Fox J'acking Com[)aiiy from April until Octo-
ber, 1886. lieturning to Astoria, he was elected
to the otHce of Fish Commissioner, February 18,
1887, and has succeeded himself ever since.
He is president of the Poard, which consists of
U. C. Campbell, of Painier, and G. T. Myers,
of Portland. In 1882 Mr. Reed was elected by
a large majority to the State Senate, where he
served four years, and the district was then coni-
po.sed of Clatsop, ('olumbiaand Tillamook coun-
ties. Politically, he afWliates with the Repub-
lican party, butisa jwpularman with all parties;
and socially, is a member of the Masonic fra-
ternity, the Odd Fellows and the A. O. U. W.
He lost his first wife in 1880; and in 1882 he
married ^[iss Myra A. Whitney, a native of
Freeman, Maine. They reside in Ffiper Asto-
ru), where .Nfr. Peed owns valuable city property.

UPTAIN G. PEED,aC.,lnmbia river pilot
'**■ between Astoria anil Portland, is a native
of Freeport, Maine, born in 1839. His an-
cesti'y were among the pioneers of that State,
his grandfather serving in the war of 1812.
The parents of our subject, Edward and Mary
\. (Pandall) Keed, were both nati\-es of Maine.
Mr. Peed followed the si'a during his early life,
but engaged in agricultural pursuits for the
remainder of his days.

Caj)tain Peed resided with his parents until
his sixteenth year, and then 8hij)])ed before the
mast on the brig Lauretta, owned by parties re-
siding in Freeport, but sailing between Boston
and Savannah, returning to New York, where
the subject shipped on the bark Palestine, and
made one voyage to the West Indies, and then
as third mate sailed upoTi the same bark for
Melbourne, Australia. From there he sailed to
San Francisco, which he reached May 5, 1859.
He then retired from the sea ami went to the
gold mines in southern Oregon, where he re-
mained for two years, with fair success. In
18()(l he cast his first vote, at Chetco, for Abra-
ham Lincoln. In 18(51 he went to the Oro Fino
mines, in Idaho, and remained there about eight-

1193

tltSTORY Oh' OimiON.

ei'ii montl's; not lieincr siK'cessfiil, ho witlidrew
(Hid went to I'ortliiml. ivlifi-e lio was various-
ly einployt'd unMl 1S05, wlien he eiiifapeil
ii3 deck liand on a >teainlioat upon tlic Col.ini-
liia river, shipping upon the -lohn II. ('ouch,
running between I'orthmd and Astoria. As
deck hand, mate and master lie followed ■ '»,n-
hoating until 1><7(). During the latter
while master of the Okaiiagan, he towetl '..
MontironuM-y Ca:tle from Astoria to Portland.
This was the first iroTi ship that ever came up
the Columbia river. In 1S70 the Captain retired
from steamboating life to engage in piloting be-
tween Astoria and Portland, in which business
he is still engaged. lie looks after all the steam-
ers of the I'nion Steamship Company of Yan-
coHver, Hritish Columbia, the Sitka steamers
and all steamers of the Oregon Improvement
Coin])any, which come to Portland.

The Captain wai married, in .Vstoria, Febru-
ary 22, 1870, to Miss Kosetta Nolan, a native
of Illinois, and daughter of Michael Nolan, an
Oregon pioneer of 1852 and farmer of Clatsop
county . (.'aj)tain and Mrs. Kee-l have four chil-
dren, namely: Edward C, Nancy (i., William li.
and Klizabcth 1!. The family reside at Astoria,
corner of Third an<l Madison streets.

The Cai)tain is one of the incorporators and
the President of the Odd Fellow's Land and
I'uilding Association and member of the I. O.
(). I'"., also of Columliia Harbor, No. 22, and
Urotherhood of Masters and i'ilots. He is a
stockholder of the .Vstoria Building it Loan
Association. As a pilot his reputation stands
high for caution and shrewdness, and as a citi-
zen he is respected by all #ho know him.

— ^m^m^^^—

[YLVKSTKR POTTER, an early jiioneer
of Oregon, ami one of Sheridan s most
successful imsineas nuui, wns l)orn in .\i,w
York, A]iril 3, isUC. His father, Erastus Pot-
ter, a native of the tame State, was born .lune
7. isH. (irandfatber Harden Potter was born
in Ubode Island, and was of English ancestry.
Mr. Potter's father was a volunteer soldier in
the war of 1S12. He married Miss Martha
Hurkee, a native of Vermont, and a daugbtiu'
of Adin Durkee, the Du'-kces being early set-
tlers of .New Englaml. Sylvester is the oldest
of their four children. Ip 1844 the fai ily
moved to Wisconsin, and in the primitive log

schoolhouses of that State he received his early
education. At the age of jighteen lie began to
teach school. He subsequently entered the
academy ai, ( >shkosli, and by working ijid teach-
ing was enabled to advance his education.

Early in life Mr. Potter's attention was di-
rected toward Oregon, and at the age of twenty-
'iree, on the last day of March, 185'J, he left

shkosh, and started on the long overland jour-
cy to this State. He arrived at Portland Oc-
tober 1, after six months of travel, and at that
time Lis only capital was his willing hands, ami
his determination to succeed in life. For two
years he was employed in cutting 8awlog3 at
§1.10 per 1,000, and one year he hauled cord
wood for the steamboats. In the spring of
1^02, lured by the jjrospects of the gold mines,
he .Weill to the Salmon river country, and miiiod
at F'lorence City. After four years' experience
in the mines, during which time he made n
more than good wages, he returned to Port-
land.

.\fter his return 'o IVrtland, Mr. Potter was
united in marriage to Mrs. Elsie Southnayd, a
native of Ohio, and a dautjhter of Dr. William
Caples. Dr. Ca[)les and his family came to
Oregon in ISIO. An incident connected with
their o\erland j<jiirney may here be related as
showing the pluck and courage of the pioneer
girls. The Doctor was stricken with mountain
fever, was very low, and the family were much
alarmed concerning his condition. At this junc-
ture of affairs, when evi-i-ytliing looked (!ark to
them, a young man who was driving for them
tried to win Miss Elsie's consent to be his wife,
and threatened that if she refust'd lie woTild
not help her father any more. She declined,
however, and he took his horse out of the train
and left the party. Nothing daunted she
shouldered the ox whip, and drove a team to
the end of the journey.

After their marriage, Mr. Potter built a
wharf on the Willamette, six miles below Port-
land, where he was for some time successfully
eiitiao'ed ii. fiirnishinji- wood liv contract to the
steamboats, lie then purchasecl (JOO acres of
land, ?our miles north of Sheridan, where, for
eleven years, he carried on fa"uiing and stock-
raising. At the expiration of that time he set-
tled in Sheridan, and has since conducted a
.varehoiise business, buying and shipping grain.
In 188(1 he and his son ('ugaged in the general
mercantile business in Sh(>ri(lan. He. however,
siioii sold his .ntcrest to Allison & Sanders.

nisTOHY Oh' ouEaoy.

linn

Kollowiiif^ arc tlio iianics of Mr. mid ^Ii-s. let-
ter's cliildrun: Marvin L., wlio is inarriud and
rcsidos on a farm; Waitur i'lriiest. (Mi,.;a;;od in
l)usiiiess in Slierid.in; Ida Mai'tlia, wife ,if Kd-
wanl Y. ('liiircii, I'ortlaml: and Ad;» Elsie,
wlio resides witii lior iiareiits.

Mr. I'utter is proniineiitiy identified witii
tlie A. ( ). U. W., Iiaving scvod as i''iiiaiu'ier of
his lo 'jvo for six years. ITe is an active incni-
ber in lie Coii>frei;ationaI Cliiircli. Ever since
the organization of tiie Itepiiblicaii party he
lias artiliated with it, and diirincr the war lie was
a staueh Cnion man. For year.s ho has Iteeti a
member of the Sheridan City Gonncil, and for
tile past two terms lias served as Mayor.

^[r. Potter has in his possession tho old raw-
Iiide ciiair that was tise(' by Lieutenant I'hil
Sheridan when lie was stationed near where the
town of Sheridan is now located. The Lieutenant
was very popular with the old settlers here, and
in lionor of liim this town received its name.

IK*®'

**=—

[IIOMAS W. PEIIRY, a worthy Orefron
pioneer of 18o2, and a prominent business
f^-. man and real-esti'e owner of North Yam
Hill, is a native of the State vi Ohio, born No-
vember "20, 1839.

His father, Robert I'erry, a native of England,
was married in 1822 to Miss Martha Rossetter,
also a native of England, and three weeks after
tiieii marriage they set suil for thi- United
States, landing in duo time at New York.
They spent a year in New York, and then
moved westward to Ohio. He "'as a butcher
))y trade, and followed that business in Ohio un-
til 1852. That year, with his wife and three
chddreu, he crossed the jilains with ox teams to
Oregon. Thomas W. was at that time fourteen
years of age. They escaped tho cholera which
r..ged on the plains that year; made the journey
in safety, and landed in Oregon City on October
8, 1852. coming direct from that place to North
Ypiii Hill. Three miles northwest of North
Yam Hill Jfr. I'^rry toolt up 320 acres of land,
'.. iiilt a log cabin, and became successfully en-
gaged in stock-raising. He subsenuently pur-
I'hased '{()6 acres wheni the North Vain Hill
depot is now located. All this property he re-
tained until his death, which occured in 1872.
His wife siirviviMl him five years and died in
1877. lioth were members of the I'aptist
t'lnucii. They passed active and useful li\es

and had the respect and esteem of all who knew
them. After their death the estate was divided
between the children, of whom only two are
now li\ing, the siiiiject of this article, and his
sister, Mary Ellen. wi'Lw of V. I). Stout. Slio
is now station agent at \orth Yani Hill,

Fn the division of the property above referred
to, Mr. Rcrry got 106 acres uf land at tho depot
and 210 acres of tho donation claim. All of
this property he has since successfully fanned,
and has added to it by subsequent purchase
until he is the owner of 60li acres, all improved
land. In 1881 Mr. I'erry built a fiouring mill
and Iprge warehouse at the station, which he ran
successtully l•.^til 187t), -.vhen fire consumed
them both. They were insured for about one-
third their value and his loss amounted to some
$7,500. He built a new warehouse, which he has
since run, and he also has the personal super-
vision of his farming interests.

Mr. I'erry was married in 1871 to Miss O. J.
Torrence, a native of Massachusetts and a daugh-
ter of J. Torrence, who came to Oregon in
1854. Following are the names of tludr eleven
children: Martha Emma, Elsie Mary, Robert
Allen, Ressie N. I^ella, wdi. die<l in her tenth
year; Richard Elbert, Miiia, Thomas T., Hope,
Rossette!, and Li/zie.

Mr. I'erry has been a life-lung Republican.
In 1890 he was nominated and elected County
Commissioner, and in this ofHcial capacity has
served with credit to himself and his constitu-
ency.

DWARI) M. RANDS, the eliicient Post-
master of Oregon City, Oregon, is a na-
tiveof Iowa, having been born in Marshall
county, that State, June 2. 1850.

His father, Edward P. Rands, was born in
Lincoliishire, iMigland. In 1820, when he wac
three years of age. his parents emigrated to the
United States, and settled in tho State of Ver-
mont. When a young man he emigrated to
Illinois, where he was married to Miss Jane
Campbell, also a native of England. They had
eight children, seven of whom are now living.
In 1877 li(^ removed with his family to Oregon,
and purchased a farm nea- Orego'- City, on
which ho stili resides, a jirosperous and indi'S-
trious farmer.

His son, the siiliject of olli .I;etch, was the
third child, and was raised on his father's fariij

1 KM

lUHTOliY OF UUNUON.

" ri

^■/, ,v.

1 i

IK ■.

i ?f

in Nritchell county, Iowa, iittfiuling tln' disti-ict
scliools. When si'ViMitceii veiirs of ivsu lif tani'lit
his first sciiool, after wliich lie worked and
tauj^ht alternately, as oj)|)ortiinity olfeivd, until
ho had earned money enough to complete his
education at the State Normal School of Iowa.
After leavinj^ the normal school, lie accej)ted
the position of principal of the Osage lliifh
School, and at the end of his tirst year was
elected Superintendent of Schools of that
county, which position he efficiently filled for
five years. During his second term he pnr-
clmsed an interest in the Osage Xews, of which
he hud cliarf.re for three years. He then sold
out, and removed to Chicago, where he accepted
a position with a school-supply house.

In January, 188(5, he came to Oreifon City,
and was shortly afterward engaged in teaching
in the Scio schools, in Linn county. The fol-
lowing January ho purchased the Oregon ('ily
Enterprise, which jiaper he ran for tvi> years
and a half, when his health failed, and he sold
out and rested for a while. A short time after-
ward he engaged in real-estate transactions, in
which he is still interested, and is now the owner
if several valuahle jiieces of property, iioth city
and rural. He is local corresjiondent of the
Oregonian, being a highly capable writer, of
originality and incisiveness.

lie has taken an active interest in the affairs
of tlie lle|)ublicaii party, and lias acte<l as Sec-
retary of the county for a couple of years, and
has served as Chairman of the Committee for
the same length of time, lie has been a dele-
gate to the last three State conventions. In
I88',t he was tllerk of the Ways and .Means
Committee of the House of Representatives,
and in IS'.tO was Clerk of the Uepnblican State
Committee. He was appointed Acting Post-
master of Oregon City, in which capacity he
served until April, 1891, when he was appointed
Postmaster, and at once began the improvement
of Ills office, lie purchased a large number of
lock-boxes, secured the reduction, by one-half,
of the rental of boxes, employed comjietent
help, and is giving efficient jiost-otiice service,
having the entire approval of the patrons.

Mr. Hands was married, June 15, 1880, to
iMiss Margaret (^reelman, an estimalile lady,
and a native of Xova Scotia. They have two
children: Edwanl Thurlo, born in Iowa, in
1882; and Margaret Eulalie, born in Oregon
(Mty, in 1880.

! Mr. Rands is a member of the I. O. O. F.,
j as well as of the Knights of Pythias, and has
I twice been elected to the ofKce of Chancellor
Commander.

He is a capable and honorable gentleman,
fully identified with the educational, political
and financial interests of the State, and enjoys
the confidence and esteem of his citizens and
that of many of the most prominent and in-
fluential men of the State.

V. READ, a merchant in Albany,
Oregon, was born in Walworth comity,
* southern Wisconsin, in 1853. His
parents, William C. iind Clara (Whiteman)
Read, natives of New York, emigrated to Wis-
consin about 18l;3, and there bis father was
engaged in agricultural pursuits until 1857.
That year he moved to Tama county, Iowa, and
subseciuently to (trinnell, same State, where he
engageil in the hardware business and also con-
ducted farming operations.

In (iriimell, the sulijcct of our sketch re-
C(uved his education, and began his business life
in his father's store. In 18(57 he moved with
his parents to Breckenridge, Missouri, where he
followed farming ten j-ears, and then opened a
general merchandise store. In the full of 1883
he came to Oregov. and established a store in
.Vlbany, dealing in groceries and boots and
shoes. After being in business alone three
years, he took in as a partner ^Ir. C. E.
Rrownell.and the firm became Read it Hrownell.
In the spring of 1887 Mr. Read disjiosed of
his interest in the establishment and purchased
the general merchandise store of N. H. Allen.
He gradually reduced the stock to dry goods
only, and in the dry-goods business he is now
engaged. Ho was one of the incorporators of
the Albany Electric Eight tV Power Company,
in 1889, of which organization he has since
been |)rosi(lent. He is also ])resi(lent of the
Farmers' iVr Merchants' Insurance Company,
which he helpe<l to incorporate. Other organi-
zations with whi<'li he is identified as incorpora-
tor and director, are the Albany Street Railroad
and the Albany Huilding Association.

Mr. Read was married in Hreckenridge, Mis-
souri, in 1S74, to Afiss Mary McCaIvy, a native
of Wisconsin. They have three children : George
M., Francis M. and Harry E.

ULSTOHy OF OHEflON.

1105

().(). F.,
18, and has
Chancellor

,^('titlenian,
l> political
iinil enjoys
itiicfina anil
nt and in-

1 Ali)any,
th county,
1853. His
U'liiteman)
ed to Wis-
t'atlier was
mtil 1857.
, Iowa, and
', where lie
1 also con-
sketch re-
iisiness life
nov{'(l with
i, where he
II ojiened a
nil of 1883
a store in
boots and
lone three
Mr. G. E.
: Hrownell.
is|)oscd of
pnrchased
II. Allen,
dry goods
lie 18 now
lorators of
Company,
has since
Jilt of the
Com pan V,
er organi-
ineornora-
t Railroad

idgo, Mis-
'. a native
n; (ieorgo

Mr. Read is a member of the I'\ vV: A. M.,
the P^astern Star, the Select Knights, aii<l the
A. O. IT. AV. He owns valuable property in
Albany, and is thoroughly identitied with all
interests which pertain to the development of
his adopted city and State.

IMMERSON E. QUICK, Clerk of Cohim-
l)ia county. Among the well-known and
influential citizens of St. Helen, is the
gentleman whoso name opens this sketch. Mr.
Quick is a natixo of the Iloosier State, born
iS'ovember 8, 1852, near Rrookville, Franklin
county. His father, David (). Quick, was a
native of the same State, as was also his mother,
Sarah M. (ITpdyke) Quick, now deceased. The
Quicks trace their lineage back to England, and
the Ujjdykee to Holland.

The subject of this sketch was the eldest of
two cliildren, and the only one now living. His
mother died when he was young, and in conse-
quence ho was reared by his grandmother.
When young (Jnick was six years of age, his
father removed to Montgomery county, Illinois,
where he resided until 18G1, when he purchased
an outfit, and crossed the plains. When they
reached Snake river tliey were obliged to aban-
don their wagons, an<l with their pack-horses
firoceeded to Elk City mines, Idaho. The
ainily remained some two month at the mines,
and then continued the trip via Lewiston and
Portland. They located in AVashingtoii county,
Oregon, and here (jur subject received his edu-
catipn. This was completed in the Pacific
University, at Forest Grove, in 1S77.

Our subject engaged in teaching in Washing-
ton county, until 1^81, when he perinaiinntly
located in Columbia county, and there also en-
gaged in teaching. He filled the office of C'ounty
Siiporinteudeut of Schools for three successive
terms, also engaged in teaching at the same
time. As an educator Mr. Quick ranks high
with the progressive public. He was elected
first to the position of County Clerk in 1888,
and is at this time serving the third term in that
office. His able and honorable administration
in that position lias been fairly attested by his
re-election, ai.d that his services are appreciated
by the public generally goes without saying.

Aside from his ofHcial duties, Mr. Quick
handles and deals in real estate. He owns ll'>8
acres of land near St. Helen, some forty acres

of which is improved and has a line young or-
chard, consisting of ii variety of fruits, prunes
predominating, and also owns residence prop-
erty in town.

Mr. (iiiick was inarrie<l in the city of San
Francisco, California, iVovember !(!, 1881, to
Miss Sarah M. Eiiu'gor, a luitive of Ohio. They
have two liright children living: Alice V". and
an infant daughter. The little ones gone were
Eugenia Olive, who died in 1883, aiKlIIarry C,
in 1888. Ill political matters Mr. Quick is a
stanch Republican, and one who has always
taken an active interest in party principles.
Socially, ho affiliates with A. V. & \. ^I., and
has been filling one of the official chairs of St.
Helen Lodge, Mo. 32, for the past three years,

fllARLES H. KALSTON, cashier of the
Bank of Lebanon, was born on the plains
en route to Oregon, in 1847. His father,
Jeremiah Ralston, was a native of Ohio, and
reared to agricultural pursuits, but subsequently
developed Inisiness talents, and became (juito
active in business affairs. He was married in
18:32 to Margaret McKiiight, whom death sub-
se(|uently claimed, and in 1837 he was married
to Jemima Ashpagli, a nati\o of Ohio. (For ex-
tended sketch of Joreiniah Ralston, the reader
is referred to the biography of William M.
Ralston, which elsewhere appears.) Mr. Rals-
ton died at Lebanon, August 12, 1877, but his
widow survives and is still active, and is a
worthy ty|)e of the heroic pioneer.

Charles 11. lived until manhood with his
parents, pursuing his education at Lebanon, and
when outof school, looking after the interests of
the stock that Ids father raise<l, and superin-
tending the farm. In 1872 he entered business
life as a clerk in the general inorchiindise busi-
ness of J. L. Cowan, and his brother John
Ralston. In 1876 he ])urcliased an interest,
and the firm was organized as Cowan, Ralston &
Co., and it was continued until 187'J, when the
subject sold his interest and engaged in the
hardware business, which he follo' .'d until
1881. He then started a grocery, a J carried
it on until 1880, when he sold out and entered
the Bank of Lebanon as bookkeeper and assist-
ant cashier, and in 181)0 was ap|)ointed cashier
and manager, which positions he has continued
to till.

1186

HISTOJtr OF OUKdON.

II :i

lie was iimrrifd in Lebanon, in 1870, to Miss
Surah ('. (irif^ifs, ot' (M'l'gon, and a daughter
of A. I), (trig^ti, a pioneer of 184:7. This union
has hi'i'n hK'ssLMl hy tlireu c'liihlren: Mamie, wife
of II. V. Miiiid; Ivirkpatrick, |)ro|)rietor of
the lA'hiuion Weekly Kxpres:?; Charles and
Jessie.

Mr. IJalston is a n.jnilior of the I. O. (). F.
ilc has served two tei'ins as Presidenr ot ihe
('i*_V Council, and several times as f '(puneilnian.
lie has valmihk property in Lebanon, anil is
one of the foremost men of the city.

-4*'

"J=—

^ON. WILLARD HALL UEKS, of French
fH)/ P''"'''"') Marion connty, Oregon, was born
*:^/ on an old f-tniily estate ad joinin^^ Smyrna,
Kent county, Delaware, September 17, 1819,
in the .ame house where his great-grandfather
(iriflin, grandfather, niothei* and ek'.'St sister
were born, tlie property having heen purehased
by liiB father, Thomas Kees, just prior to his
marriagi' to Elizabeth Stout fTriHin, early in
1817. His ancestors were Welsh on both sides,
of the (Quaker persuasion; emigrated and settled
in Delaware in 1682. The now State of Delaware
being then included in th.o Penn grant. The
ancestors on botL sides were soldiers in the
Kevolutionary war on the side of the colonies.
Thomas Uecs, father of our siibject, lost liis par-
ents at the ago of fourteen, iidieritiiij'^ his father's
mills and other real estate; leavi'ig ^chool at the
age of sixteen, his uncle David i'ees, his guar-
dian, f=ent him to Philadelphia to '.earn the
milling business. When the subject of this
sketch was six months old his father moved to
Dover, near which place I.') l.ad mill property,
conducting the same until the fall of 18'2o, when
he moved westward, settling on a farm near
Cincinnati, where his father-in-law, flacob S.
Griffin, had [ireceded him eight years. Thomas
und Elizabeth Rf es, father and mother of our
8\ibject, reared to manhood and womanhood a
family of twelve children. Two sisters residing
in Preble county, Ohio, four brothers in Kansas,
two farmers and two bankers. M. I>. Kees, of
Cove, Union connty, Oregon; Major K. K. Heee,
editor and merchant, died in Walla Walla, in
1889; S. (i. Kees, accidontly killed at Alturas,
California; Thomas Clayton Rees. drowned in
Kansas river; Lieutenant I). A. Rees, of Sher-
man's army, wi.s Killed at Kenesaw Mountain;
and Lieutenant (!orwin P. Rees, I'nited States

Navy, now on duty at World's Fair at Chicago.
In 1844, while yet a young man, tilled with the
spirit of adventure and with a desire to see the
country, he crossed the plains to Oregon, and
came in the same company as did Ilan. .fohn
Minto, with others. The season was a wet one
and the party was obliged to ford the streams, as
they were much swollen, and the party covered
seven months on the journey. Tliey met with
many ditliculties, but surmounted them all and
reached the cud of the journey safely.

At Vancouver Mr. Rees met Dr. .McLoughlin,
then a man of sixty years of age. Our subject
at once took a mill- building contract, the mill
to be erected above Astoi'ia, and he was engaged
in this business until May 1845, when he came
to Oregon City, taking a contract on the Catho-
lic Church and several other buildings, .\fter
this he came to St. Louis, in Marion county, to
build a Catholic church for the French-C'aiiailian
settlement. Here he learned of the rich laiul
(m French prairie, ami was induced to purchase
a right to a donation claim of one Stephen
Pelchie. For this property Mr. Rees paid $975,
and here he has since made his home.

This farm is now one of the most desirable in
the county and here our subject has lived and
reared his family. In January, 1847, he was
united in marriage with Miss Amanda Hall,
who was born in Missouri, August 20, 1828,
and was the daughter of James E. Hall, an
Oregon pioneer of 1845, from the State of Ken-
tucky. The father of Mrs. Rees died in his
Seventy-second year, but her mother is yet liv-
ing, in )>er eighty-ninth year.

The discovery of gold in California gave
many of the emigrants the gc';l fever, and Mr.
llees, with a number of his neighbors, made the
trip overland with pack animals in 1848. They
were thirty days on the journey, and it was one
in which they were in great danger. While
prospecting in California a party of the com-
pany were attacked by Indians and one of them
was killed, one severely wounded and two
others slightly wonnde<l. The party mined on
the Mokelumne river.

Our subject worked until the following Feb-
ruary, taking out Sa,000; but was then taken
sick and returned to Oregon. .Vfter his return,
he and Mr. O. S. Thoimis and Mr. William
Whiting built the first saw and grist mills at
.\urora,on Deer creek, Miiricjn county. For
several years he continued contracting and
Ijuilding, and was engage^ for some time on the

'air lit Cliiciiffo.
I, tilled with tlio
isiro to KH' tiio
\i) Ort'ifon, and
did Ilaii. Jolin
1 was a wet ono

the ptreanis, as
3 party covered
Tliey met with
d thcin all and
nfcly.

)r. McLoughlin,
». Our siihject
ntract, the mill
he was engaged

when he came
it on the Catho-
ildinifs. After
irion county, to
rench-C'anadian

the rich land
;ed to purcliase
f one Stephen
Rees paid $975,
home.

lost desirable in
has lived and

1847, he was
Amanda Hall,
ignst 20. 1828,
168 E. Hall, an
le State of Ken-
ees died in his
ther is yet liv-

I!alifornia gave
fever, and Mr.
libors, made the
in 1848. Tliey
and it was one
ianger. While
;y of the com-
nd one of them
ided and two
larty mined on

followinii Feb-
'as then taken
ifter his retnrn,
d Mr. William
grist mills at
1 county. For
ontracting and
ime time on tlip

VCX^VAAjJi ^vAouA

niKTltUV llh' (tUkU-iltl/

1197

•u'liriHt ill
• 'mru A. and
1/illy 'lied in
now twciitv

In liii* ,.■
p()lif.i<?« I
of l!ir .nv, ..

: i.^'ii III ('liarni|ii.- «•.

. Miiii'd lijA rnriiiihi:
■ Kri'x wi.'io liorii I w"I
•livid iiiiirrifd J. W. W
■■-..•iIh; iHli/.iilttith K. IxHtti^:
• .1 M'MxUir-hott; Arinw> T' \i
. i^.i'ti; (.orH C. is ihe wifo ■
..« I'oftlBMi; r»svlil <• ■:
iir,j, Wiisliinjttoii; I'l
n!:h 111 lioiia-. nmn;", •
:\sl<ii-i;i: <\

t'riiif.i

(.'

. \S lu^ in his

.'J! J l:uving in,-('ii on-

Htpnldicaii pjirtv, an.!

;•: isn* (.(111 Hisniili in tli(> mnlio ••;

• <; .:u'«ii jiHriy. In 1847 lie wux i-l* -.*/<.

\ n4»*i..i)«r of the TerritoriBl f j^rislfttaiv, t,n*i *.i-

- - '11
tn-

•Vt •■^>t'' i"^ ^

■ • ■ ::- * •.«»(!, .U>i)i; I.. . ■

J'lii'uii. iiviitnd, Hfld canic if

>>*JUt. and lirou^dit with hiia his

■ '1. nnil settlod in I'tUorson,

' died in ISfSl. flif wift^

VI iiv Tliey liad oeven

■ill; slill living: a soli

'.* Ik

w^ A iii'it-' •
thin con'.!! -•,
wjft) ai
K«w .' "

l.|!fviv.,i: .

<'hi)dr<i' I-

Fori

' n«f.

Now .liir-i'( 1 diiniihti'i- who '\a

•f' <>i if.-. With IM iioylf, ,iiid !•.•-

I incinco; and the hhIijccI of thin

i.'in i.t>ti»ii was sent to tlio public nuhools
uariv<vcity, and there li. umno an ajiprentico
■: rKMo!iii>(/*l 1riii1« i-i his umcIc's shop.
M'hrriiiig tln' trwlrt tho.oiighjy lie went to
.iiviUw. Ki'.rid-i *tt«r,., with an elder
til the crreat civil
3d home, and in
■ inyC, Ninth New
I l)y Colonul Rush
ailed "Hawkins'
first stationed at
icre proceeded to
jiart in the liglit
ed in one of the
n army. It loft
liutjer'ii cxpe<li-
led General Hnni-
vith this division
d to A'ew Hern<s
it a Iiattle. From
loke Islanil, and
rticipating in tiic
numerous skir-
rch. From New
through the Dis-
ginia, and from
re it joined tlie
ormed a part of
errilile slaughter
Fredericksiiurg,
1. At the latter
ivily. and, after
mck to New^port
mined with his
8 enlistment ex-
f the service in
■ 3 went to Wash-
where he was
navy yard until
i:'; iiailed froai New York, via
.' Panama, tor San Francisco,
• 'Viai' in tf»e lattor city after a voyage of
"•^' nJ!t<» days After WurkiTig at his trade in
' Hiciiw .•j»u( Vietoria, \ic couver's island,
1, tr«s- fimrthsi, <n April. ISrtf). I.e cam<,? to Port-
land, wlifrw he has continufid to reside ever
ftimw. sad where ho hii« uicf .^dth well-earned
*u<s*!i9. For seven year.-* afhi- lioming to Port-
Uud he wr.rked in the < dogon Iron Works, the
flrft two years »is jouri'M'-Ht" 'iud the remain-

Uitjre to 5.
Army of
Bnrasidp'v

»>f Unidi- >
A' ■

'■■♦j ,*-.•!..

fiiide "ill j)u'

! .?;.;

niil

it^ ;

^9'

II |l|^Hi' ]

ill'

m^. !

:■ '

i 1^ 'f' i ^s|

■

p^H

|lill

'W^''

1m'^

>^..

"-•^^ij^';

-^m^.

"-■.*f ;

Vcx.v\AA.'i avA X\.v\

lllHTOIiY ilt' OltmiON.

wvt

(tovt'rniui'iit liuil(liii|{f) iit (Miiiin|ioi'^. wlion'
OfcgonV tirnt liiiliHii treaties wcie liclil. During
all lliiA time. lie coiitiiiiieil hit) faniiini^.

To Mr. iiini Mrs. Itees were liorii twelve eliil-
(ireii. iiH tolldwn: Olivia iimrrit!ii .1. \V. Weleli.
HIkI reniiJeH in Abtoria; Kli/,ali<'tli K. iieeaiiie tliu
wife (if Wiliiani llemlersliott ; Annie It. in now
Mrs. .lolm (Murk; Lorn (!. is tlu^ wife of Dr. ('.
II. Day, of Portland; Daviil (\ residcH at
Waitsl)iirfj, WaKJiin^itnii; Tlionias IF. and Marry
L. are liotli at lionie, rimniiii; tl;e farm; I'lirk A.
is a dentist at Astoria; Willard II. is at home;
(!lara A. and I'risciihi are botli at home; and
Lilly died in her si.\teentli year. There are
now twenty-one grandchildren in the t'umily.

In iiii- early lile Mr. Kws was a Wlii;^ in his
politics, hut he has the honor ol' iiaving iieen one
of the organi/.ers of the liirpiihlieaii party, and
sinw then he has hren staneh iti the raidts of
the IJepidilican party. In 1847 he was elected
a meinlier of the Territorial Legislature, and was
Chairman of the Committee on (bounties, and
gave Linn county its name. Since then he has
declined oftice. Ilo drew up the cdiistitution
and took a leading jiart in orgaiiiziiii; tlie Ore-
gon I'ioneer Association, a useful institution.
Its historic research is limited to the original
Territory, embracing Oregon, Washington and
Idaho. The a<ldre»se8 at its annual reunions
call out the best pioneer talent within its tield of
research. Mr. Kees ia thoroughly posted on
its history and takes an active part in its trans-
actions. He has been chosen as the orator for
the annual address to the society, and is an in-
teresting and capable writer and speaker. His
family fairly represent the native sons and
daughters of Oregon, and both he and wife are
much esteemed among the pioneers of this great
Statu where they so long have found a home.

fAMKS LOTAN, president and manager ot
th(! Willamette Iron Works, and a promi-
nent business man of the city of Portland,
is a native of Paterson, Xew .Jersey, born on
the Sth of April, 1843. His father, .John Lotan,
was a native of Dublin, Ireland, and came to
this country in 1831), and brought with him his
wife and two children, and settled in Paterson,
New Jersey, where he died in 1861. His wife
survived him fifteen years. They had seven
children, of whom tln-ee are still living: a son
76

in Paterson, Now tlercey; rt daughter who is
now the wifi! of Mr. William lloyle, anci re-
sides in San I''raneisco; un<l the subject of this
sketch.

•lames Lotan was sent to the |)ublic schools
of his nativecitj", and there became an apprentice
to th(! machinist traije in his uncle's shop.
After learning the trailu thoroughly he v^•ent to
.Jacksonville, Kloriila, where, with an elder
brother, he WHS employed until the great ci\il
war began, when he returned home, and in
May. 1801, eidisted inCompanvC. .Ninth .Nmv
York Volunteers, commandeil by ( 'olonel Kush
('. Hawkins. They weic called "Hawkins'
/ naves," His regiment was lirst i-tationeil at
iiirtit'ss iMotinje. ancl from there proceeded to
Newport .News, where it took |iart in the tight
at (ireat Hetliel. which resulted in one of the
tirst victories for the Pnion arm}'. It left
Newport News with (ieneral liutlei'V expedi-
tion, and at Fort llatti'ras joinecl (ieneral Hum-
side's eominan<l, proceeding with this division
of the army up Pamlico sound to New Berne,
North ( 'arolina, where it fought a battle. I'roni
this port it retired to lloaiioke Island, and
from there to New iierne, participating in the
battle of South Mills, and in numerous skir-
mishes along the line of march. Fnun New
Berne the regiment proceeded through the Dis-
mal Swamp to Norfolk, Virginia, and from
there to Aipiilla Creek, where it joined the
Army of the Potomac and formed a part of
Burnside's division during the terrible slaughter
of Union men at the battles of Fredericksbnrg,
Antietam and Soutli Mountain. At the latter
battle his regiment lost heavily, and, after
being twice rtuTuited, went back to Newport
News, where Mr. Lotan remained with his
regiment until the term of his enlistment ex-
pired. He was mustered out of the service in
June, 1803. In .Inly, LSti;!, he went to Wash-
ington, District of (4)lumhia, where ho was
employed at his trade in the navy yard until
May, 1804, when he sailed from New York, via
the Isthmus of Panama, for San Francisco,
arriving in the latter city after a voyage of
thirty-nine days. After working at his trade in
San Francisco and Victoria, Vancouver's island,
a few months, in April. 1805, he canity to Port-
land, where he has continued to reside ever
since, and where he has met with well-earned
success. For seven years after coming to Port-
land he worked in the Oregon Iron Works, the
first two years as journeyman, and the remain-

llilH

murouY OF oiintjos.

ilcr of the time as foreiiiiin of tliu inacliint; shop.
Ill 1872 he became siijKM'intcnik'iit of th',; W'il-
lamt'ttn [lOTi Works. Tlie coinpany had heeti
established in 1865, by li. li. Thompson, Joiiii
Watson and I'eter Taylor, who were its princi-
pal stockholders, and conducted the busino'^P
until 1872. when Mr. Lotan was iiiadit superin-
tendent, lie was (connected with it until 1872
as an employe, but lie then l)ei,'au to buy stock
from time to time, uiul in several years became
half-owner of it. In 1880 Mr. M. W. Hen-
derson became the owner of the other half of
the works, and Mr. Lotan and he have since
been e(pial owners of it. They einjiloy over
100 men, and do a jreneral foundry business,
but make a specialty of steamboat boilers and
engines, and for several years have done the
leading business in this line. When the Wil-
lamette Iron AVorks starttwl, the capital stock
was $50,000; they now have $300,000 ca[)ital
stock, and their business extends all over the
northwest coast and to Alaska, and they have a
branch at Dallas, known as the Fulto!i Li-on
Works, where they have enij)loyed as many as
100 men. Mr. Lotan is the unuinger of Iwth,
and it is solely owing to his prac ical knowl-
edge and constant supervision of the business
that such a high degree of success has been
attained.

Mr. Lotan was appointed State local inspector
of steam vessels by Secretary Houtwell, in whidi
position he acted for seven years, renderinj; the
Government valuable service. The number of
the steamboats in h's district had increased
from 71 to 171, and so much of his vahnible
time was required that he finally declined the

Eosition. Soon after coming to Portland Mr.
,otnn joined the Washington (iuards, one of the
leading military organizations of that day. lie
was elected second officer of the company, and
when the two companies, the Washington and
Emmett (iuards, were formed into a battalion,
he was elected and commissioned its Major.
He also served for fifteen years in the old Vol-
unteer Fire Department of Portland, and ren-
dered valuable assistance in the organization of
the present paid department, and in 1883 he
was appointeil by Mayor Chapman one of the
fire commanders of the city, which poeition he
still holds.

Mr. Lotan has always been an enthusiastic
Re|inblican, and during his residence in Port-
land has rendered his party valuable ai<l, while
personally he has had no political aspirations.

Ih- has been rej>eatedly the Chairman ot the
Republican (Jonnty Committee, and in every
campaign lie lias t;iken a prominent part. Ho
is a very capable worker in the ranks of hid
party.

In 18(58 Mr. Lotan wiis married to Mis^i
Emma Carroll, of Boston, Massachusetts. They
have had one child, William S., horn in I'ort-
lund. who is now with his father in his business.

Mr. Lotan is a iriember of the I. (). (>. V. in
all its branches. His success in business i-; the
rcsidt of thorough knowledge and persistent
work, and his ability and enterprise have not
only resulted well for himself, but have proved
valuable to the city of Portland.

^-^-^

'liOMAS «. RICHMOND, deceased, one
of the most widely known and highly es-

•j teeme<l pioneer citizens of Polk comity,
Oregon, was born in CiiniplKdl county. Ken-
tucky, March 25, 182(1, son of Seth and Lucia
(i'arsons) Richmond, liotli natives ol Connecti-
cut, and descendants of (?arly settlers of that
State, the families having originated in Kngland.
Mr. aiiu Mi-s. Richmond had eight childien, six
of whom are living. They moved to Kentucky,
and from there, in 1825, to Illinois, where llw
father and mother both died in 1840.

Tliomiis (i., left ail orphan at the age of fif-
teen, went to live with Peter Francis, at that
time Sheriff of Knox county, Illinois. Mr.
Francis was an excellent man, and took the
place of a father to our young friend. In 1850,
tilled with the spirit of adventure, and lured
by the wonderful reports of the gold discovery
in California, Mr. Richmond crossed the plains
to the new Kl Dorado of the West, landing at
Hangtown. For a time he was successfully
engaged in mining. Then, with others, he en-
tered into a scheme to tiiinie the rive*, '■XDect-
ing to make a fortune, but the high waters
caii'e down and swept away their work, and this
enterprise ended in failure. With what money
he had left. Mr. Richmond decided to return
Fast, which he did, making 'he journey by
wnter. The following spi'ing he again crossed
the plains, this time to (Oregon, landing at Sa-
lem August 8, 1853. From tliei-e he went to
California, and in the Umpiiia valley engaged
to assist a surveying ])arty. About this time,
however, the war with the Rogue river Indians

ursTonr of onmooN.

119U

linuan nt the
111(1 ill I'viM-y
lit part, llo

ried to Mis*
iiiaetts. Tliey
liorii in i'ort-
I his business.
1, (>. (). !■'. iti
msiiiestj i-i tlio
iiid pei'i^istent
)rise have not
t iuive proved

, (lereaKeil, one
ukI hiirhly us-

I'olk comity,

county, Ken-
ttth and L\ieia
s of Coiinecti-
bttiers (if that
tt J in Kiighiiid.
it cliildien, six
d to Kentiicliy,
iiois, whi're thn
840.

10 age of fif-
Kraiicis, at that

Illinolw. Mr.

and took tlie
end. In l8ot),
lue, and hired

gold (lire(>very
ssed the plaiin*
/est, landiiifj; at
as siu'cesstiiUy
1 otliers, lie en-
rive', ""xnect-
e hi<;;h waters
[•work, and this
ith what money

ided to return
'he journey hy
le ajrain crossed

landing; :\t Sa-
^'ve he went to

i-alley engaged
hont this time,
ue river Indiana

hroke out. lie and twenty-seven otliers volun-
teered tlicir services, and did tlieii' (lart in help-
ing to biiu^ ahout peace with the red men.
After the surveying was completed, ho went to
the mine', at Vreka, but met with only moder-
ate success.

In 1856 he returned to Oregon and took u|) a
claim on Willow ('reek, being one of the tirst
settlers there. Some two years later he was
married. He continued to reside on his claim
until 18()5 vlien he sold out and en>;a(jed in
the cattle business. He bought and raised
stock, and drove his herds to the mines in
Idaho, Montana, and liritish Columbia, continu-
ing this business ten years, and spending much
of his time out-ofdoors, camping wherever
night overtiMtk him. lie was freijiiently or-
dered off In the Indian.s. Hy treating them
kindly, however, he gained their g(rod will, and
they l)ecanie his fast friends. When he sold
out and decided to leave, they tried to induce
him to remain.

(!ominK '(> Polk county, he purchased 90U
acrosof land four miles and a half nortli of Dallas.
In 18(58 lie bought a home in Dallas, and here
he residtJ for the past twenty-four ye^irs, up to
the time '»f his death. During the latter part
of his life he bought and sold land, had exten-
sive land-holdings, and was largely iiiterested
in raising sheep and horses. He was a man of
good business ability, and strict integrity. He
joined tlni (Grange as a charter member, and
was an influential and efficient member of that

order. He was aiipointed by Governor Peii-
noyer a member of the State Hoard of .Vgricul-
ture, in which position lu served five years, do-
ing all he could to advance the agricultural
interests of his Stide. I'(ditically. he was a
Democrat. He was a Royal Arch Mason, and
a Past Noble Grand of the 1. f). O. F.

January :2(t, 185',), Mr. Richmond married
Miss Sarah .lane Whitley, daughter of A. II.
WHiitley, an Oregon Pioneer of 1H46. Thuy
had six children, namely: Susan Nettie, wife of
H. .1. Ellis, died in her twenty-second year;
Alice E., married ,1. H. Townsend, a lawyer
of Dallas; Minnie is the wife of .1. M. llolman,
a business man of Salem; Mary E. is now Mrs.
Otlu) Williams, her husband being engaged in
business in Dallas; and Tlioiiias G., .1 r., and
f^dward C, who reside with their mother.

Mr. RichmondV death occurred very sud-
detdv on the morning of July 15, 18S)2. Leav-
ing home that morning in usual health, he

went to bis farm. While glutting ov(M' u fence
't gave way, and lie fell backward and was in-
stantly killed, the fall dislocating his neck.
The blow was a severe one to his wife and chil-
dren, and also to the people of I'olk and adjoin-
ing counties. His remains were followed to
their last resting place by the orders he loved,
and of which he had bcaii ,\h honored member.
Fully 200 Masons > •! Odd Fellows attended
liis funeral. Tlier, ,\:u: ^•lO carriages in the
procession, and many p.v sins .'ollowod on foot,
all wishing to pay u list tribute of respect to
this honored (dtize.i.

1^ "i=^ » '■ )|=:i i-»

?AMES 13. PUTNAM, State Librarian of
Oregon, is one oftlie most cajiable officials,
and is entitled to a space in this history.
In giving a sketch of his personal career, it
may be mentioned that he was born in Law-
rence county, Missouri, March 15, 1857. His
grandfather, Henjamin Putnam, immigrated to
Missouri from Tennessee, in the early history of
the country, and there reared liis son, Newton
Putnam, tile father of James H. Newton i'lit-
nain was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion,
and rendered the cause of the Union valiant
service. He marri(iii Miss Nancy M. Stockton,
a native of Polk county, Missouri, and there were
born to them seven sons aiwl a daughter, James
I), is the third-born. The family remained in
Missouri until he was tifteen years of ago, and
then crossed the plains to Oregon, arriving here
11 .S72. The father purchased 200 acres of land
■'1 Polk county, which he has since occupied
and improved.

Mr. Putnam was educated in the Willamette
University, and afterward engaged in agricult-
ural pursuits which he followed until 1882. Ha
was operating a threshing machine, and met
with an accident which resulted in the loss of
his right arm. In February, 18S,5, he was
elected State Librarian by the State Legislature,
and has since had the honor of being elected
four terms in succession.

He was united in marriage in 1885 to Miss
M. A. Wait, a native of Oregon, and the daugh-
ter of T. B. Wait, a pioneer of Oregon. Of this
union tlvo children have Iteen born. Mr. Put-
nam is a member of the A. O. U. W., and is a
charter memljer of the Sons of Veterans, being
the tirst Captain of the order in Salem. He ig

121)0

llIsrOIlY OF OKEGON.

a stniipli adherent to the principles of tlie Re-
piilijiciiii party, ami is one of the most otiicieiit
otfifiTrt ever elected tiy that body. The li-
brary in liis cliarife contains 17,000 volnines
on the subject of law, the wliole l)eiiig fys-
teniaticaiiy and earefnlly catalogued. Mr.
and Mrs. i'utnaiii own a pleasant homo in
Salem, wliere they are livinir. with their family,
in the (juiet enjoyment of the acenmnlation of
years uf industry and patient toil.

-Si.^

■ms^'^^^'

\l. V. M. KOBINSOX, the leadin- phy-
sician of I'eaverton, NVashinirton county,
Oregon, is a uativt? of this county. He
was born on the ilth o. Febrnarv, 1S4S, and is
the son of James P>. Robin.-on. who was horn in
J'ennsylvania, in 18(K), at a place which is now
within" the city limits of 1 hilii(lel|)hia. The
Ifobinsons are of Gernnin ancestry. (i rand-
father John Itoltinson was connected with tin?
marine service of (iermany. lie caiiie to
America, and settled in Pennsylvania in 171)0,
and in that State his fan)ily were reared, the
Doctor's father being the oldest child. When a
young man the latter removed to Iowa, and
married Miss .Melissa 11. Warnei', a native of
York countv, Tennessoe, l)orn in IMS. In the
East one child, a daughter, was horn to them,
whom they named Amanda, and in 1S47. with
his wife and little daughter, he crossed the
plains to Oregon, making the long, tedious
journey with oxen. They arrived at their des-
tination in Decemlier. At the Dalles they left
their teams and wagons, and came down the
river in boats, coining lirect to Washington
county, and taking a ilonation claim, two miles
and a half northwest of where Hillsborough is
now located. Here Mr. Robinson built the
log cabin of the early pioneer, improved his
land, and spent the rest of his life on it. He
-was an in(lustriou;> and honest man and a prosper-
ous farmer. Ilis death occurred .luniiary '•',
11S57. Roth he and his wife were members of
the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, hut liiter
in life she became a Methodist. She died on
the 4th of March, 188fi.

The Doctor was their second child, and was
horn not long after their arrival in Oregon.
Tlicy gave him the name of Francis .Marion.
He was reared on the farm, near Hillsborough,
and was sent to the primitive little ecliuuihouse,

two miles and a half from his home. lie re-
menibi'rs Harvey Scott, now editor of the Ore-
goniaii.as one of his early teachers, l/nter he went
to the Pacific University at Forest Grove. Then
he tinned his attention to medicine, .and studied
under the instruction of Dr. .loseph Royee, of
llillsborongh, later with Dr. Teale, of Unnitilla
county, and in 1885 he gradtiated in the medi-
cal liepartuient of the Willamette University.
The following year he ci>inHienced the practice
of his profession at lieavcrtoii, where be has
since remained, nieecing with excellent success
and enjoying a wide and remunerative practice.
He is thoroughly identitied with the interests
of this jilace. lias invested in real estate, built a
nice cottage home, and is a partner in the mer-
cantile firm of Robinson it Davies, doing a
general merchandise business in Heavert.on.

In 188'.). October 20, Dr. Robinson married
Miss Lottie A. Danks, a native of tlie State i f
Wisconsin, born in lSti9, daughter of Augustus
.V. Danks. They have one child, Xeilie Melissa,
born duly '27, 1800.

The Doi^tor is a member of the 1. O. O. F.,
and also of the Masonic, fraternity, being Past.
Master in the latter. He is in national politics
a Republican, but in county matters votes for
men and measures rather than party.

lARTlN ROl'RINS, an ()regou pioneer
of 1852, and a wealthy and etiterpiising
farmer of (llackainas county, dates his
birth in Indiana. April 18, 183S. He was the
fourth- born in the lamily of ten children of
Jacob and Sarah (Spillmati) Rolii)iiis, nativiM of
Kentucky.

In 1852 the Robbins family catne overland to
Oregon. Their journey was made in safety;
hilt, when they n^ached the mouth of the Samly
on the Columbia river, two of the sons, Theo-
dore and Aaron, died of mounrain fever. The
father purchased a farm on Salem pr.iirie, where
they resided tor a nnmlH>r of years. He is still
living, liaving attained the ripe old age of
eighty-three years. The mother died in iStJ").
Four of the sons and three of the daughters
still reside iti Oregon, and are among the most
prominent people ot their .■ounty.

Martin Rolibins was fo;irteen yt'ti's of age
when he landed in Oreiron. In 1802, when he
became of age, he went to eastern Oregon, and

;4''T*i:;'k_*

UlUTURY OF OHEOON.

1201

;>iiie. lie ru-
r of the Ore-
Lviter lit! went
iji'ove. Tlien
e, and studied
.'pli Hoyce, (if
!, of Ullllltillll

in tlie iiiwli-
B University.
1 the practiee
vhere lie hiis
elleut sneeess
itive practice,
tlie interests
astute, bnilt a
•V in the mer-
cies, (h)ing a
ieaiertoii.
iisoii married

the State ■ f
■ of Angiifitus
Kiilie Moliiisa,

e 1. (). (). F.,
y, heing Past
ional politi('a
ers Votes for

coon pioneer
enterprisiiiff

>ty, dates his

He was the

children of

ns, natives of

e overland to
e in safety;
of the Sandy
e sons, Theo-
1 fever. The
)raiiie, wln-ie
lie is still
old afft- of
lied in ISH").
le danirhters
jng the iriost

years of auje
<()2, when lie
Oregon, and

"tl

eiigaiied in the stock businoss, and for ten years
Kiic(!e88fiilly carried on operations tliei'o. Re-
turning at the Willamette valley at the end of
that time, he purchased 720 acres of land in
Clackamas county, and on it he has since re-
sided. He built a nice residence, made other
substantial improvements, and to-day has one of
the liiiest farms in the county.

In 18()5 Mr. Robbiiis married Miss Rose A.
Thonipsoii, who has b- cm a resident of this State
since 1852. They have four cjiildren; Kffie E.,
(Jilbert H., Herbert ^I. and Roselynn, all at
hijme.

Mr. and Airs. Robbins are active mcinbcrs of
the Cxrange. Politically, ho is a Democrat.

tA. IIAMPY, institutor and proprietor of
the Harrisburg i3ank. was born in Carl-
<* ton, frreene comity, Illinois, in 1832. His
parents, Philip and Oatharino f Davis) ilampy,
were natives of South Carolina, subsequently
immigrating to Carlton, where AFr. Uamjiv e!
gaged in the mercantile business and was alsi'
quite prominent in piildic life, serving one term
each as Clerk and llecorder for the county, and
eight years as Postmaster of (Carlton. After
the death of his mother, in 18311, R. A. Rampy
was reared by his aunt, Sarah Davis, and re-
moved to Ailains county. Remaining with her
until twelve years of age, he then struck out for
self-support, jjerforminj; the lighter duties of
farm work until more mature, when he engaged
in driving stage for John E. (!reghton. Govern-
ment contractor. In the spring of 18r)2 young
Rainpy started for Oregon, as helper to A. J.
VVigle, and drove his o.\ team l^rom Adams
county to Oregon City. The train numbered
about sixteen Wiigons and seventy-five people,
and tliongh there was some sickness in the
train, Mr. Rainpy came through without acci-
dent or inconvenience, considering it a very
coMifiiitable trip. Arriving at the Dalles, the
peoiiii. went iiown the river to the Cascades on
a flat-l)oat, and tl ■■ itock were taken down the
trail. At the uioiith of the Samly river they
again took to their wagone and drove to Oregon
City, arriving there September 22, 1852, having
Iwon live and oneiialf months on the journey.
Mr. Rampy iirst found occupation in hauling
logs to the old sawmill .>n the (Mackanias river,
driving live yokes of oxen, and often wading
waist deep through mud and water; and subse-

(jiKintly to the san'mill on I.a Camas river, in
Washington. Hen; he woi'ked and passed the
summer in rafting lumber down the river to the
Columbia. In the fall of 185)} he was taken
sick and went to Portland, where ho was soveial
months in convalescing, and by the time his
health was restored his money was gone, and he
was dead broke. He then returned to Oregou
City and passed the winter with .J. T. Hun-
sicker, lieing too weak for hard labor, he at-
teiide<l to the toll bridge across the (Jlackamas
river. In ilarcli, 185(i, he enlisted with Cap-
tain IJlakeby's Mounted Volunteers of Linn
county, and embarked for the Jtogne River war,
wIkmc ho was engaged three months, and in the
Slimmer following went to the Dalles as Steward
in the Qiiartcriiiaster's Department of the car-
penters' mess, while building the Government
barracks. In the spring of 1857 he ri^turned
to till' home of A. .!. Wigle, in liiiin county,
and jiassed the summer at farming, and returned
in the fall to Forest Grove. Here he attended
Hohool for five inoiillis. The succeeding years
were passed in teaming, mining, farming, and
saloon busiiKiS.-, at Ilarrisburtr. until the

., "i 181)0, wlicii he sold out. Ill rhe spring
of IMi'i he ' ■<\i a course in the Portland Busi-
ness (Jolhgt', mid then returning to llarrisburg,
purchased the drug biisine- of George W.
Churchill, and gave iiiat his undivided attention
until 1871, when he also engaged in tiie handling
of wool and grain. He continued . tin- until
the fall of 1881, when b.ith the drug -lure and
the warehmise were biinied, to his financial loss.
He resumed the drug business, but, because of
failing health, retired from business in 1882,
and passed several years in travel to Eastern
water cures. In the fall >f 1 •■ he built his
brick bank building on ,iier of Second

and Smith streets. In .i v, 1888, he insti-

tuted the llarrisburg Hank, and engaged in a gen-
(Mal banking business. He owns 100 acres of
land three miles east of town, and has other
valuable property interests in both acres and
town property.

He was married, in 18(35, to Miss Sarah E.
.Johnson, daughter of Dr. Gabriel Johnson,
pioneer of 1853. They have had two children,
Walter Millard and Cecil Orilda. Walter Mil-
lard died at the residence of his parents, .(anu-
ary 18, 1803, of typho-inalarial fever, at the age
of eighteen years, four months and twenty-six
days. From' the llarrisburg paper we quote
the following:

VM'i

lIlti't'OHY Oh' OHEOuy.

i I'll i

"Our city now mourns tlw deatli of Millard
]kamf)y. The reluntlef !* messeiiffer, Dontli, whose
tiat none can chiiiij^c, has chosen for his maris
one of onr nohlcst voiinir :nen. lie is tal<cn
away at tlie dawn of iiis iniinlidod. wlien his
every cliaracteristic qnaliticd liim and puintcd
him out i.s (Icsti'iP'.'i to till a life of great useful-
ness, lint now the silver cord is loosi-d and the
golden bowl is broken. He liiis gone from lie-
j'ore lis; and while we realize that words of
sympathy can he of little consolation, we do
sincerely condole with the grief-stricken family
in this sa<l event, and a. a measure of relief re-
fer them til the hope lie)>n(l. It is certiiiidy
reasonable to helieve that Ailllard was met on
the confines of the country acros.-. the river by
the whole outpost of guardian angels, who
would safely conduct him to the haven of rest
for which the ifood deeds of his vonn<j life had
BO eminently 'jnalitied him.

"The deceased was the son of Mr. anil Mrs.
K. A. Rampy, honored and respected citizens of
our cmimuiiity. Though engaged in the bank-
ing business, Mr. Hampy always found time to
give to him, the hist ot his sons, wise counsel
and good lessons, and it is not strange that
Millard, with his amiable disposition, should
have grown up tc lie a kind, aft'ectionate and
olie<lient son.

"He was born in Ilari isbiirg, August 23,
1874, and had always residetl here. He was an
active member of tlie Y. P. fS. ('. K., and it is
more esjiecially in this t'hristian work that his
kind disposition and the influence of a pure and
noble heart were felt by his associates. Kvery-
lioily loved Millard, and those who knew him
longest loved him best.

" He had lieen iittemling the State Normal
School at Monmnulh this year, but hail been
ailinjj more or less for some time. He 8|)eiit
the holidays at honu', returning to school after
vacation- but being unable to pursue his studies,
he came home. Kvery eifnrt was nuuie to con
ti'ol the disease from which he was suifering,
but to nil avail. He ij;railiudly grew worse ti
the end came, which was peai'eful and painless.
Thus passes from our niiilst one whose future
prospects seemed very bright inileed.

"The funeral took place at the Christian
Church, Rev. Wiltse otliciating. The church
was appropriately decorated with inscriptions
and flow(>rs, and the coriu't band, of which de-
ceased was an etlicicnt member, attended in a
body."

Mr. Uampy is a Republican in politics, and
has served his party its Treasurer ot the city for
one term, and for many years as Councilman;
is also a trustee of the Harrisburif Land Com-
])any, aiui one of the directors and treasurer of
the Ilariisburg Water- Power Company. He is
one of the active and enterprising business men
of Harrisburg.

ILI-IAM J. RICK, District Attorney
of Columbia county, is a luitive of the
lilue (irass State, and dates his birth
neiii' Olive Hill in Carter county, July M, IStU.
He was the son of Benjamin .1. and Lucinda
(McClnrg) Rico, both natives ot Kentucky, the
paternal ancestors formerly from N'irginia and
the maternal were of Scotch-Irislr e.xtraction.
Our sul>ject was the tirst-born in a family of ten
children. His collegiate c<iurse of studies were
completed at Central College, at Danville, Vir-
ginia, in 1881, and in the same year he began
the study of his profession with Z. T. Voung and
John M. Rice as his prece|)tors.

The subject of this sketch was admitted to the
bar at Morehead, Rowan county, in 1885. He
engaged in practice in that city four years, and
then came to Hillsborough, in Washington
county, in 188',*, and establisheil a partnership
with W. D. Hare, and continued in practice
until 1>^'.I2. When the partiu-rsliip ceastnl Mr.
iJice located at St. Helen, where he has estab-
lished a lucrative practice, and purchased a fine
property. Mr. liice was appointed District At-
torney in June of that year (18',t2). He owns
pniperty in the Chehalem valley, consisting of
inO acres with forty under cultivation He has
ten acres in prunes and two in a general variety
of fruits and, in addition to his home property,
he owns vacant lots in the city of I'ortlaiuJ, and
in Highland i'ark, all of it very valuable.

Mr. Rice was united in mairiage at More-
head, Kentui^ky, to Miss Sallie i arey, March 1,
1S85. She was the daughter of Jiulge and
Permelia \. Carey. Hon. James Carey is a
well-known and jirominent gentleman, of More-
head, Kentucky. He sefveil the Federal Gov-
ernment during the liebelliim with the rank of
(Jolonel. He also particij)ated in the Me.xican
war with (leneral. Scott. Mr. and Mrs. Rice
liav(! but one child, (,'ar(*y L.; another, Kdney
I'., having died in infancy.

Ill STORY OF OliMaoX.

1203

j)()litic,s, iind
t till- city for
i'oimuilinan;
Land Corn-
treasurer of
)an_y. lie is
msiiiess men

et Attorney
lative of tlie
e8 his l)irtii
Illy ;{, 18«4.
iiul Lucinda
entucky, tlio
rirgiiiia and
I- extraction,
'ainilj of ten
studies were
anvjlle, Vir-
3ar lie began
'. VouTig and

nitted to the
1885. lie
ir years, and
Washington
partnersliip
ill practice
) cea6«l Mr.
le has estab-
liiased a fine
District At-
). lie owns
:on6isting of
on. He has
leral variety
ne [ir()()erty,
'ortland, and
liiable.
ge at More-
?y. March 1,
.iudge and
Carey is a
an, of More-
'ederal Gov-
1 tiie rank of
the Mexican
I Mrs. \l'u-e
>tlier, Edney

Mr. llice is a stanch and steadfast Repub-
lican, and takes an active interest in political
issues. He is prominently connected with the
K. of P., also St. Helen Lodge, No. 117, I. O.
(). F. and the order of Foresters. Mr. Ilice'e
parents are still living, and reside upon the
same Kentucky farm where he was born, as was
his mother before him.

I?-,^AY11) J. KILEY. — Among the prosperous
and enterprising bu>iiie8s men of Dallas,
Polk county, Oregon, who have done much
to promote the growth and development of the
city in which they reside, may be found the
gentleman whose name heads this article.

David J. lliley was born in Boston, Massa-
chusetts, in 1853, son of F. J. and Bertha
((Tfeon) Uiley, the former a native of New York
and the latter of New Jersey, but reared in New
York. Grandfather Robert Riley came to the
United States from Nova Scotia. F. J. Riley
was a machinist by trade, led an honorable and
upright lite, and died in 18U2. His wife is <till
living. Her father was a soldier in the war of
1812.

David J. is the oldest in a family of three
children. Until he was sixteen he attended
the public schools in Boston, and at that time
began to do for himself. He serveil an appren-
ticeship of three years to the carpenters' trade,
and then worked as a journeyman five years. In
1878 he came to Dallas, Oregon, making the
journey liy way of California, and r.fte»- working
three years in this place at his trade, purchased
a sawmill in the mountains, and ran it success-
fully Iwo years. Then, disposing of his mill
property, he entered into a partnership with F.
J. Coad, and built the planing-mill and sash and
door manufactory in Dallas, in which they have
since conducted a successful business. This is
the first and only manufactory of the kind in
Dallas. They have also been prominently iden
tified with the contracting and building inter-
ests of the city, having been the contractors and
builders of tho Holmaii Hotel and other noted
buildings here. In 1892, seeing the need of
their young and growing city being lighted with
electricity, they investigated the (iifferent lights
and had the enterprise to jmrchase and put in
the plant with which the city is now lighted.
They have twenty-six arc lights ami forty incaii-
descents, the very newest and best system, and

a perjxitual franchise. Mr. Riley is also a
stockholder in the large woolen factory, now
being erected in Dallas, with a capacity of 1,200
pounds of wool per day. He and his partner
are each building for themselves handsome resi-
dences in this city.

Mr. Riley was married January 22, 1891, to
Fanny Lovelady, a native of Polk county, Ore-
gon, and a daughter of Thomas J. Lovelady, an
Oregon pioneer of 1844.

Mr. Riley is a pi<)iiiinent member of the I. O.
O. F., and is P. (,". P. of the Encainj)meiit. Po-
litically, he affiliates with the Republican party,
having served as an efficient member of the (Jity
Council. A man of ability and the highest in-
tegrity, he is eminently deserving of the pros-
perity he has attained.

I^ON. THOMAS ROE, of Forest Grove,
fjftn Oregon, is a pioneer of 1850. He was
*!gS| born in the township of Fleming, (^'ayuga
county. New York, August 21, 1827. His
father, Thomas Roe, was a native of Northamp-
ton, England, and came to the United States
about the year 1820. He had married Anna
Barnett, of Bedfordshire, England. They
brought with them their family of seven chil-
dren, and our subject and another child were
added to the family in this country. They set-
tled in New York, but in 1832 removed to
Ohio, and settled on a farm in Huron county,
where Mr. Roe, Sr., resided until the time of
his death, which occurred in 1842. He had
acijnired the reputation of being one of the
best farmers in Huron county, as his farm be-
came such, a fine one under his management.
His wife died in 1840.

Mr. Thomas Roe, Jr., was their eighth child,
and he was reared and educated on the Western
Reserve in Huron county, and his education was
obtained from the school that he attended dar-
ing the winter months only, as he had to assist
on the farm in the summer. In 1848 he went
to Michigan, and was engaged in sawmiliing in
Palmyra, Lenawee county, six miles below
Adrian. Here he sawed the scautlina on which
the straps of iron were spiked for the first rail-
road between Adrian and Toledo, and on this
kind of a track the first railroad in Michigan
was run. .After remaining there two years he
came overlanU to Californa, and worked in the

1204

HIHTUUY OF OlihilON.

iiiiiu's at Jlaiii^towM and ('ulil Siji-in^ri, where lie
made al)(.iiit Sb a day, l)iil he lost liis liealtli.
living (III ])ork and [lancakei;, and liis |iliy.sician
advised iiiiii to o-o where he could j^et vcireta-
hles. Therefore, he came on the hrig Veto to Ore-
gon. On that voyaifc they were thirty ilays out
of HJ^ht ol' land, lie renniined a nu»nth at As-
toria, hut alidut Ciiristnuis arrived at Portland.
He settled on the Cowlitz, takini.f a donation
claim, which was c(jvered with tall trees and
lii'ii>h. Duriiiir the six years I hat he had it he
made a cdearin^'on it, anil at the end of that time
sold it for j(iJ,(IO(),

His ne.\t venture was in the mercantile line
at ^^onticello, where he remained until 1870.
While he was engaged in farminir, the first
thinii he tried to raise was ven-etahhs, which he
sent to the mines. Then he found that hay was
a paying crop, and he has the credit of taking
the first scow load from the Cowlitz country to
the harracks at \'ancouver, and he received $20
a ton for it. In 1871 he went to Forest Grove,
to be near the Pacific I'niversit}', as he desired
to give his children the ailv.mlages to he ob-
tained in that school, lie tirst purchased a one-
half section of land between Cornolins and
Forest (xrove, hut later sold it and ])nrchased
seven miles southwest of Forest (irove 500
acres. On this property he has been engaged
in raising hay, heavy work horses, and also
Hereford cattle. In all the enterprises of his
lil'i^ he has been a success. This success he has
ac(iuired by the most jiersistent industry and
honesty.

lie has also taken a deej) interest in the growth
ami improvement of Forest Grove, and to aid
the town has taken stock in the cannery and
electric light plant.

lie was nnirried on the 10th day of Movem-
her, 1857, to Miss .Mary .Vnn Ostrander, of
Missouri, and a daughter of Dr. N'athaniel Os-
trander. I'bey came to Oregon in 1852. Four
children have blessed this union, of whom three
are living. One son, liarnett Y., became a
lawyer, and is now nianajijing the farm; Charles
O. is in business in Tacoma; and the daufjhter,
.\iina E., is now attcMiding the Pacific Univer-
sity.

.Mrs. Roe is a mcndier of the Congregational
Church. Mr. Kue has always lieen a Democrat
in |)olitios, but is a man of a great deal of char-
acter, and vot(^s his own ticket. Il(^ has never
comuicted himself with any of the societies of
the country.

In 185() he was elected to tlu^ Washington
Legislature, and in 1874 was elected to the Ore-
gon Legislature. In both instances he distin-
guished him.'ielf by the clearness of his political
opinions.

In 1872 he built a very pleasant home in'
Forest (irove, where he has since resided. It
is a jileasant jilace that these worthy pioneers
have built, and where they enjoy the comforts
that their honest efforts have secured.

f.VSPEIi RICIvAItD, one of the successful
farmers of Lane county, living near .Inne-
tiun City, Oregon, was born in Davidson
county. North Carolina, March 15, 1S22. II is
parents. Peter and Susan (Kijiley) Uickard,
were natives of the same State, but in 18iJ5,
immigrated to I'ike county, Indiaiui; there the
father reduced a wild tract of land to a state of
cultivation, and also engaged in the blacksmiths'
trade. Casper Rickard remained with his par-
ents until ls47, but during the latter years of
hi- lesidence at home he had independent aj^ri-
cuiiural and milling interests, lie was mar-
ried in Pike county, Indiana, March 25, 1847,
to jMiss Catherine Ivinie; he purchased a farm
after this event, and lived on the place until
1858. lie then sold out, and with two wan-ons,
seven yoke of oxen and hfteen cows, he set out
to cross the plains to the Pacitic coast, as cap-
tain of a train of seven wagons. The latter part of
their journey was most laborious, as they opened
their own trail, much of the time traveling in
the river bed. At the end of eight months they
arrived in the Willamette valley; the whole
company had suflfered from illness, and the oldest
son of Mr. Rickard had died. Much of the
live-stock perished, and it became necessary to
])nrcha8e an extra yoke of oxen to complete the
journey.

.Mr. Rickard located in Benton county, twelve
miles south of Corvallia on a claim of 825 acres;
he followed farming and stock-raising for twenty
years, and added other lands by purchase to the
amount of 1,000 acres. About the year 1875
he removed to Lane county, and bought a tract
ol 562 acres of land, which he has since increased
to 700 acres: 170 acres are sown to grain, and
the place is well stocked with sheep, cattle and
horses.

Mr. and Mrs. Rickard have four surviving
children: Jasper, Susanna, wife of Ferdinand

UftiTUliy OF OliI'J(!'>.\.

1205

Tracer; Ainiimla J.,wifeot'.Junies Calvert; Sarali
A., wife of Alexander A. Foster. Mr. llicluird
is a member of . I unction City Lodge, No. 5(),
A. F. A; A. M. Politics liave claimed little
of luB attention, but tlKiij^li lie lias attained the
allotted three score years and ten, he still takes
the active management ot his estates.

fll. oil!. AN DO I'. S. PLl'MMKU, is one
of I'ortliind's higlily res|)ccted business
and jiroits.sional men. lie was born in
the State o'f Penn.^ylvaniH, April 13, 1836. His
father, John B. I'luminer, was also a native of
that State, the family originatintr in England,
from where they emigrated to New England
with the Puritans, settling at Newburyport,
Massachusetts. 11 is grandfather Plurnnier,
mari'ied a Miss AVard, a daughter of General
Ward, who fought in the Revolution. The
Doctor's father married Miss Elizabeth Craig,
of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania. They
had live children, all of whom are living, the
Doctor being the youngest.

He was reared in Mercer county, Pennsyl-
vaiua, and was educated in the Greenville
Academy, and received his medical education at
the Jelferson Medical College;, from which he
graduated in 1857. He practiced his profession
for five years in Illinois, after which he came to
Portland, Oregon, in the summer of 18^)8. He
came to Oregon in the interest of the telegraph
company, the line having just been established
and connections made with California. Dr.
Phiinmer di<l all the operating in Portland dur-
ing the summer of 18(5 1. There are now (189^)
over 150 men eiujiloyed in this service, showing
the changes twenty-eight years have wro\iglit.
The Doctor served as superintendent of the
lines in northern California ami Oregon for
seven years and a half. In 1877 he opened his
drug business in Portland, on First street, and
has since done a very successful business. In
1891 he built his own brick block, 50 x 70 feet,
two stories and a basement, on the southeast
co^ner of Third and Madison streets, which he
has had finished for his business, and where he
keeps a full stock of druggists' goods. He was
for several years connected with the medical
college. He first held the chair of Hygiene,
then that of Materia Medica, for some years,
in the medical department, of the Willamette

University, and was Dean of the College Faculty.
He resigned this position a few years ago, on
account of pressure of otljer business. He does
not confine himself to his drug business alone,
but is also somewhat interested in horticnlt\ire.
He has a farm of thirty acres located three
miles southwest of the city of Portlainl, which
he has much im|)roved, anil on which he raises
a|)ples, ]iear8, peaches and large nuantities of
prunes. He is meeting with considerable suc-
cess in this departure, it serving as an enjoy-
able relaxation from his other business as well,
lie is first vice-])resideiit of the Oregon Hor-
ticultural Society, and has held that liono;:i';,io
))lace during several successive years. He is
also an active and prominent member of the
Masonic fraternity, and is Past Master of i'ort-
land Lodge, Xo. 55, having tilled the Chair of
Worshijiful Master for three consecutive terms.
He has advanced through all the sublime de-
grees of the order, to, and including the thirty-
second degree, Scottish rite.

He was married in 1858, and had three
daughters, all of whom are married and settled
in life. His second marriage occurred July-I,
1874, to Miss Martha E. Kelly, daughter of
Rev. Albert Kelly. They have five children,
all except one having been born in Oregon, the
other one was born in San Francisco.

In politics, he is a Republican, having been
a strong advocate of its principles since its or-
ganization, and has twice been honored by an
election to the Legislature of his State, and has
served in the Council of his city. He is a Pres-
byterian in religion, and is a Ruling Elder in the
Fourth Presbyterian Church of Pm-tland. Of
nnimpeachable fidelity, integrity of purpose,
honorable in his dealings with his fellow-men,
courteous and sympathetic, he has succeeded in
l)U8ines8 beyond most men's fondest hopes, and
enjoys the respect and esteem of a large circle
of friends.

iXDREW,!. SPORRV, M. D., a member
of the medical profession of Portland Ore-
gon, was born in Zurich, Switzerland, in
September, 18(50. In that vicinity his ances-
tors had lived for many generations, engaged in
mercantile pursuits, the same business descend-
ing fiom father to son through a long lineage.
Andrew J., however, digressed from the usual

130(1

iiisroiiy ov oimnoN.

roiitiiio and studied for ii prot'ossioiml life. His
i'ii(liiiiL'!itarv educiitioii was received iit tiie
(i}'mnasiiiiii, a bcIiooI .embracing tlu^ languages
and science, ami preparing pupils for cdUege.
There young Sporry became proficient in
(iermaii, French, Englieli, Spanisli, (ireek and
Hebrew, lie then entered tlie medical depart
moMt of the University of Zurich, where, after
five years of study and research, he graduated
with hiinor in 1885, receiving the degree of
M. 1).

Having completed liis studies, Dr. Sporry
traveled through France, Italy anil (terinany,
visiting hospitals and attending lectures, and
meeting many eminent physicians, among whom
was Dr. Lioiiertz at Berlin, the manufacturer of
tubi-rcoline for Dr. Koch.

In April 18^7, Mr. Sporry emigrated to the
United States with the intention of going to
South .Vmerica; but, meeting en voyage Mr.
(t. Schindler, the Swiss Consul, a resident of
Porthuxl, he was induce! to visit this city.
Heing im))ressed with the city's prospects, and
learning of the diseases of its inhabitants, heat
once o])ened an office in East Portland. His
success seemed achieved from the very com-
mencement, and in ^[areli, 1888, through press
of business, he was compelled to move hisotfice
to the west side. lie then located upon the
corner of Fifth and Morrison streets, where he
has since contiinied. lie now conducts a gen-
eral practice, with the view of ultimately set-
tling upon a specialty.

The Doctor is a member of the li. P. (). E.,
Improved Order of Red Men, Grutly Vcrein
lictievolent Society among the Swiss, and the
German Aid Society. He has already attained
considerable prominence ai>d popularity, and,
without doubt, has a bright future before him.

ISAAC W. SMITH, secretary of the City
Waterworks, of Portland, was born in
Sj)uttsylvania c(Minty, Virginia, in 182B.
llev. George A. Sn)ith, his father, was of En-
glish descent and was a noted clergyman of the
Episcopal Church. He officiated for a number
of years at Norfolk and Alexandria, Virginia,
and died at the latter place at the advanced age
of eighty-tive years, lie was founder and pro-
prietor of the Southern Churchman, which is
still being published at Alexandria. His wife,

< )j)helia (Williams) Smith, was born in (hilpoper
county, Virginia, where her ancestors, English
people, had settled in 17~0. Her gi'andfather.
Captain Philip Slaughter, served the ('ontinent-
al army for eight years, during the {{evolution-
ary war. It was on the Slaughter plantation
that the battle of Slaughter was fought between
Generals Poi)e and "Stonewall" Jackson in the
late war. Mr. and Mrs. Smith had eight chil-
dren, seven of whom are still living, Isaac W.
being the tirst-born.

The sul)j(H't of our sketch was educated at the
State Military Institute at Lexington, Virginia,
where he graduated in 1848, " Stonewall " jack-
son being one of the |)rofes8ors. After complet-
ing his education he was appointed by Presi-
dent Polk as Second Lieutenant of the Voltigeur
Regiment for the ^Mexican service. At Vera
Cruz Lieutenant Smith was connected with the
detachment of Alajor i-ally and engaged in a
running tight while marching toward the city
of Mexico. At Cordova he was taken ill and
confined several months in the Castle of Perote.
Then returning to the States, he was placed in
the recruiting service and stationeil at Haiti-
more. At the close of the war and disband-
ing of his regiment, Mr. Smith returned to his
profession of civil engineer. In 1853 he joined
the United States Engineer Corps, under charge
of Lieutenant Williamson, and with them came
to the Pacific coast to make the Government
survey of the Southern Pacific railroa<l. Ar-
riving at San Francisco, they were escorted by
the command of (Captain Stoneinan and worked
on the line toward Fort Vuma, the country
then being wild, unsettled and iiifested with In-
dians. (Continuing this service until 1855, Mr.
Smith was then sent to Olympia, Washington
Terri'ory, where he conducted the surveys of
public lands and also superintended the build-
ing of lighthouses at Tatoosh island and Shoal-
water bay, the first lighthouses built north of
the Columbia river. During the Indian war
of the Northwest he was aid-de-camp of (Gov-
ernor Ste])hens, of Washington Territory, and
served in various official capacities for about
twelve months. With the opening of the civil
war, in 1861, Mr. Smith returned to Virginia
and was appointed (,'aptain of the Engineer
Corps of the Confederacy, with headquarters at
Riclimond, and served until the close of the
war. in 1866 hu went to Mexico and was em-
ployeil as engineer upon the Imperial Mexican
railroad between Vera Cruz and the city of

UlSTOIiY (>/'' OJlKiloy.

1S07

Mexico. Ill 1870, lie ivtiirned to Oregon hihI
WHS eiiifftgod upon tlui Nortlierii I'licitic, railmiid
Ix'tweeii tlie Culuiiiliia river iind 'racouift, mid
laid otf tin- site of tim preaeiit city of Tacoina,
lioforc a iioiirtC whh erected there, lii lS71-'72
he i)uiit the steanilioat ioclis at Oregon (Jity.
He was next employed hy tiie Doiniiiioii (iov-
eriiinetit in inaKiiiii; a wiirvey of the Fraser
river. Tlien going to (!alit'ornia, lie wan ap-
pointed a member of the Hoard of State Railroad
Cotninissiotiera, and served two years. lie aft-
erwardserved two years as chief engineer for
the San Fnincieco Ilarhor Gonimissionerfi.

Hetnrning to Oregon, he was an|)ointed As-
sistant chief engineer of the Northern Pacific
railroad, and located the lines across the Cas-
cades to Tacoina. In lSS5-'86 he snperin-
tended the coiistrnetion of the waterworks at
Tacoina, ilanuary 1, 1887, he canu' to Portland
as engineer for the City Water Company, in
bringing the water from Bull llun to this city.
That work, however, was delayed, and in the
meantime he was appointed Superintendent of
the City Waterworlvs, which
fills.

position he now

tON. WILLIAM SAVAGE, a prominent
business man and farmer of Polk county,
and an ( )regon pioneer of 1845, was born
in Oswego county. New York, in the town of
Mexico, September 18, 1826.

His father, (ribson Savage, was born in Onei-
da county. New "\'ork, July 15, 17U6, his an-
cestors having come from Ireland and settled in
America at an early day. (ii'andfather Joel
Savage enrolled himself in the lievolutionary
army when seventeen years of age. He fought
in the battle of Saratoga. Afterward he was
captured by the Indians, was made to run the
gauntlet, was saved and adoj)ted by an Indian
woman of influence in the tribe. He had been
wounded several times. After being held a
captive about a year, he was taken by the En-
glish to (Quebec, and at the close of the war was
»M\t by the English Government to Boston.
Gibson Savage married Ester (Joit, whose an-
cestors it is supposed were originally (Termans.
Several hundred years ago, however, they set-
tled in Ireland, and from there emigrated to
America, coming here during the early settle-
ment of the colonies. Mr. and Mrs. Savage had
four children, three of whom arc living. One

daughter died in 1815. One son resides in
lierrieii county, Michigan, and a (.'aughter in
Mexico, New York.

Mr. Savage at the age of five years lost his
father, and when sixteen left home to make his
own way in the world. He went to Findlay,
Ohio, where he clerked in a store, taught school,
and later served as clerk in the Treasurer's
otlice. In 1845 he worked his way across the
plains by driving loose cattle for Colonel Tay-
lor, of Astoria. They left Independence May
(), 1845, and made a pleasant trip, arriving at
the Dalles September 27, and at Liniiton Octo-
ber 17. There were four or five houses at Linn-
ton then and only one house where Portland
now is.

^Ir. Savage worked on the Cohimbia a good
deal that winter, helping emigrants down and
doing any other work he could get. That winter
he helped to build the first sawmill in Yam
Hill county, which was known as the Hubbard
mill in Moore's valley, and which was burned
down the tbllowing year. In the winter of
1846-'47. he worked for Dr. Sitton, and later
went to the Uinpqna valley on an exploring ex-
pedition. In 184U, lured by the discovery of
gold in California, he went thither and was en-
gaged in mining cm Wood creek and the Mokel-
umne river. Sickness caused his return to Ore-
gon, but after his recovery he again sought the
gold diggings i'l California and mined on Chmr
creek and Feather river. One morning as they
started to work, he and five others, they agreed
that the first one who got $100 should buy a
bottle of whisky. It proved a fortunate day
for them, as several got $100 and one man got
$700. With what gold Mr. Savage had secured,
he returned to Polk county in 1850, and in the
northwest part of the county purchased i]20
acres of choice land, on which he kept " bich "
four years.

In 1854, July 30, Mr. Savage married Miss
Sarah Brown, a native of Illinois, and a daugh-
ter of James II. Brown, a pioneer of 1850.
They resided on the place thirty years, improved
the farm, and reared a family of eight children,
all of whom are living, six sons and two daugh-
ters, as follows: Edson, who is married and re-
sides in Sheridan; Gibson married and living
in Franklin county, Washington; James lives
near his father: Laura, wife of P. li. Fennal,
resides in Yam Hill county; William, Franklin
county, Washington; Sarah, wife of T. B. Stone;
Daniel, engaged in the stock business in Wash-

1808

iijsroitr uF (tUKooN.

iiigton; hikI Austin nt home with liiK t'litiier.
Mr. Savn^i' iiiai'rieil his ]iresniit wife Dccciiilior
^0, LSS3. Shi) was fonii. riy Miss Mary C
Lady, and is a native of Vain Hill comity. A
biograpliy of hur fatiior, .laini;» \V. I.,iidy, will
be found on another paj^e of tiiis work. The
eiiihlren of this union are Kster sind Alta.

Mr. Savage engaged extensively in the ntock
Inisiness, raising large iierds of cattle, ami from
18(>2 till 187ii he was out with his stock in all
kinds of weather, camping wherever night over-
took him. In 1871 he went East and drove hack
across the jjlains "i/iOO head of cattle. After
getting them fairly out on the plains, he drove
tlicni tliriMigh in safety with the assistance of
only six iiieii. As the years rolled by and pros-
perity attended his efforts, he purchased other
lantis until he i)ecairie the owner of 1,500 acres.
Later he sold oif a portion of his land at a nice
profit. Ills farm, now eoniprising 400 acres,
IS one of the most valuable in the county.

While he has been largely engaged in farm-
ing and stock-raising, he has also been interested
in various other enterprises. He is the founder
anil president of the Dallas City Hank, the first
bank established in the county. M. M. Ellis is
his partner in the banking business, and is cash-
ier. Mr. Saviige has lieeii a loading Ivcpubli-
can since the organization of the party. He
attended the tirst meeting of Republicans here
and helped in its organization. Ili' served two
years in the State liCgislatiire, during which
time he aided in carrying through, over much
opposition, the measures which resulted in the
buihiing of theOrjgon Insane Asylum, an in-
stitution which is a credit to Oregon, and now
contains ."JOO of these nnfortunate wards of the
State. Mr. Savage also helped to organize the
(irange here, and was Master of it for five
years.

Such is a brief sketch of one of the repre-
sentative pioneers of Oregon.

».^H-^

'" :Slit

U)N. JOHN lULEY SANDERS, a promi-
nent farmer of Vam Hill county, and an
esteemed Oregon pioneer of 1851, is a
native of IJlooniington, Indiana, where he was
born March 8, 183o.

His father. Joseph Sanders, was born in Ken-
tucky, May iil, 1812, of Irish ancestors, who
settled in America previous to the Kevolntion,

in which conrtict they jiarticipated on the side
ol the C(donies. (Jrandfatlier J(jhii Sanders,
was a Haptist missionary and farmer, and a
j)ioneer settler in Kentncky. His son, Joseph,
was married to Miss ( !harlotte Kay, also a native
of Kentucky. They had two children, Nancy
Emaline, now the widow of ^Mr. George Hill-
ings, residing in Sheridan; and John liiley, the
subject of our sketch.

At about this time, the eyes of nnjst of the
inhabitants of the cinmtry wen; turned in e.\-
pojtancy to the golden fields of the extreme
West, of which marvelous tales were tolil. Thus
it happened that, in the spring of 1851, Mr.
tlosepli Sanders, with his family, started across
the jilains. They were in company witli about
twenty-live others, who had five wag(<ns. Mr.
Sanders was made captain of the company. Ex-
treme watchfulness and caution was necessary,
as the Snake Indians were very hostile, and
upon the company's arrival at Fort Hal', they
were fully iippriseil of their danger, and were
advised to remain there until some other emi-
grants joined them. This they a(;cordingly did,
and soon several companies of emigrants (tame
in, among whom was a company commanded by
a .Mr. Harpoon. Mr. Sanders and his party
joined Mr. Harpoon's company, and thus re-en-
forced to twenty-eight wagons in all, they moved
forward with a srreater degree of safety.

One morning, at about daybreak, when they
were about to break cami), after having crossed
the I'ortsinouth river and spent the night, Mr.
Har|)oon discovered an Indian leading off one
of the most valuable horses. Mr. Harpoon im-
mediately returned to his wagon, and securing
a gun, mounted a very swift mare that he owned,
and gave chase. As soon as he came within
range of the Indian he fired, and, being an un-
erring marksmen, the Indian fell, and Mr. Har-
poon returned with the horse. Indians were in
the bush to which the Indian was escaping.
The following night, when the company had
encamped, some men, after supper, were si'ting
on the bank of a little stream at a short dis-
tance from the rest of the coni|)any, and were
fired on by the Indians. The emigrants at once
put their Kres out, and a lively tiring ensued,
and the Indians finally witlulrew. The next
morning, when the stock were being driven out
to pasture, up the valley, the Indians again tried
to drive off the cattle, and had gotten some of
them on the run, when Mr. Harpoon again made
his appearance on his fast animal, and headed

HlfiTOUr OF UUKOON.

1209

tlioin off, when aiiotliur liglit uiiHiied, in whiiili
the rent of tlio oiuif^rimts riven torceil Mr. llitr-
j)0()n, and seven lti(iiiius were killed, five of
whom were sliot liy Mr. iIiir|ioon. .Vfter that
th(f Indiims ke|)t tit h more resjiei'tlul distanee,
and never ajjain molested tlie emijirants. Mr.
Harpoon hroiij^ht iiis valinihle mare on to Ore-
gon, and many of the liiiest ninnini; Iwnve.s in
the State trace their |)ediirree liaek to her.

From the Dallew the company came on to
I'ortland by water, while Mr. Zanders and his
l)rother-in-law drove the stock over tlie nnmn-
tains. Mr. Sanders and his familv resided in
Portland in a rented honi^e \intil sprint', when
they came to Vain Iliil county, and pre-emjited
their donation claim of H20 acres, located four
miles southwest of Amity. They conimencefi
in a very humble way, in a log house, and with
very little besides. Plows eoidd not be bought,
and they finally had one nia<ie by a blacksmith.
For several years .Mr. Sanders was principally
engaged in stock-raising, later, however, when
better provided with appliances for doing so, he
raised large (pnintities of grain. lioth of these
pursuits were eminently profitable, owing to
he exceeding fertility of the soil and the nsnal
mildness of the climate, and Mr. Sanders' ef-
forts were crowned with success, and in time he
became one of the most prosperous farmers in
the country. He was a man of great energy,
strict integrity, and a social, kindly disposition,
and was much esteemed by his neighbors. He
was a Republican in politics, and for several
years served creditably a> lustice of the Peace,
discharging his (hities in that capacity with
impartiality and judgment. He died in Sep-
tember, 18()S, leaving his family and many
friends to mourn his loss. His i'aitlifnl wife
still survives him at the age of eighty-one, re-
nuirkably active and well preserved, and resides
on the home claim with her son. She is de-
servedly esteemed, by a large circle of acqmiint-
ances and friends, for her many amiable and
worthy (qualities of mind and lieai-t

On becoming of age, the subject of onr sketch
purchased lands of his own, but continued to
remain with his father on the lionie farm, and
now owns, including the homestead, 550 acres
of as choice agri(!ultural land as is to be found
in the St>ite, and is numbered among tiie most
prosperous fanners of tiie county.

In accordance with the adage concerning the
cage and tlie bird, he jirefaced his marriage by
erecting a Inrge and substantial residence on the

home property, besides making other valuable
improvenu-nis. On March 2'-J, 18(10, he was
married to Miss Helen (t. Everett, an estimable
ludy and a native of New York State, a daugh-
ter of Mr lioughtoii Kverett, an esteemed citi-
zen of that State.

They had ten children, si.x of whom are liv-
ing: Amasa iM.,theoldest son, is now a success-
ful business nnin of McMinnvillc; .John liiley,
Jr., is a proniineiit merchant of Sheridan; KtHo
{{., Dolph li., Joseph \j. and Matthew O. are at
liome. In 1^84, the faithful wife and devoted
I iti i mother dit'(l, greatly lamiinted t)y all w!io knew
her, to whom she had endeared herstdf by her
intelligent and praeticaUMiristian virtues, which
were heightened by the enthusiasni of a loviig
heart.

In 188(5 Mr. Sanders married. Miss Nettie
IvniLX, of Imliana, a highly esteemed lady, and
a warm, personal friend of his former wife and
of his family, having lived with them for some
years. They have one child, a beautiful little
daughter, who is the light of their home, and is
mimed Avis L.

Mr. Sanders has liei^n a life-long Republican,
and was honored by his party in 1S(5."), by being
elected a member of the State Legislature, serv-
ing witli ability and honor. While a represen-
tative he aided in the election of Hon. John F.
Mitchell to I he United States Senate.

Since 18(54 lie has been a valued and helpful
member of the Baptist ('hureli. and assisted in
the building of the chundi edifice in Amity,
where he has long served as Deacon.

Thus is added another illustrious name to
that memorable list of noble pioneers which
adorns the records of Oregon, who are noble
representatives of a noble State, and citizens of
one of the greatest nations in the world.

fItOF. FRANK S. ROSSETKR, principal
of tlie Failing School, Portland, is a native
of Marietta, Washington county, Ohio,
where he was horn April 18, 18.")8. His father,
George li. Rosseter, was a native of Boston,
Massachusetts, and a descendant of Edward
Rosseter, who came to America in the May-
flower. ■ They are a family of ministers and
college graduates for five generations in suc-
cession. Prof. Rosaeter's father was J'rofessor
of Mathematics for twenty-five years in Marietta

1210

nrsroui of ti/KdoN.

ColU'^o, r(>ceivitij; liis deifreiiof IJ,, I). tVoni tlip
WcMtciii liucfi've ( 'dllcj^u. lie iimi'iii'(l Miss
Eliznlielli I'liirk, u niilivc uf (HiniiL'ctiiMil uiiil tliu
daiiglitui' of Ciirti* Clark, wlio (Icsceiulfd I'l-oin
an eurly Ntiw Kiiiflainl tiiinily. Tlu-y had three
80118 ami a (hiiij^liliT linmifht ii|) to \eiirn of ma-
turity, mid they hw Btill living.. iSoverai of tho
family dli'd in iiitancy.

I'rof. Kor^^cter, the second so,", irradimti'd at
Marietta Col lege in 18T7, and reeiived his df-
;,'ree of A. M. from the tame inslitntion in May,
1(S8((, at whieh time I)r. J. W. Andrews was
[iresident of the coilefje. lie was president for
thirty-tive years, and is considered one of the
most |)rominent educators of the nation. Prof,
luisseter was the thirteenth of th(! family who
gradnateil at that colleiie. lie siil)8e(iiiently
took a course in law, and was admitted to the
bur in the Supreme (Jourt in 18Si}. Soon after
this, however, he decided to adopt the profession
of teachinf;. For the first year he taught dis-
trict schools in Henry county, Illinois; ne.\t was
principiil of the Kewance (Illinois) High School
for two years, and Superintendent of Schools for
Stark county, that State, having his otMce at the
coiinty eeat, Toulon; then for the next three
years he was snperlnteiulent of the Hiawatha
?KaiisaB) schools, and from there he came to
Portland, assuming his present position in 181)1.

On {'hristmas day, 1882. he married Miss
Lnella M. Hrace, a native of Stark county, llli-
nois. Her parents were pioneers of that State,
moving from Pennsylvania, where their ancc,--
try had lived for several generations. Prof, and
Mrs. Kosseter have two children: Myrtle
born in 1884; and Ethel L., born in 1886.

Prof. Ikosseter i.« a prominent member of the
I. (). O. v., being now Past (irand and Past
Chief Patriarch, and he and his wife are niein-
bers of the First Congregational (Jhurch ol
Portland. In politics he is a Republican.

Having made teaching his life-work, from the
imj)nlse of enthusiasm in the cunseof education,
lie is signally successful in all the departments
and features of the work.

were of Scotch-Irish ancestry, who for several
generations have resided in America. On the
maternal side tlie deacent was from Wales, his
mother being a i'utler.

He married, in Illinois, Miss Mary lloovt^r,
a native of Indiana, and ol i'cnnsylvania- Dutch
extraction. Her father, Mr. Felix Hoover, was
iiott«d for being one of the talle^t men in tint
Stale of Illinois, measuring six teet eight inches.

Mr. and .Mrs. IJaH'ety were blessed with five
children luifore they startoil out on tlm ''>th of
May, 18oX!, for the great West. They went by
team, and crossed the Mis8<niri river on their
way. Their outfit consisted o( two wagons and
fourteen yoke of oxen, some cows ami a Canada
mare. 1' ifty-eight other wagons formed the
company that set out to brave the dangers of
that trip. Mr. Itatfety was chostw) their i-ap-
tain. At the IJear river the company divided,
apart going to California. Where tliey crossed
the Snake river his nH)ther died, and was buried
nine miles this side of the river. Her death
occurred at nine o'clock, an(| before eleven the
next day eleven others were dead and buried.
Soon after this Mr. Katt'ety came on with his
own wagons, and arrived at the Dalles on the
15th day of August. Thoy came down the
Columbia river on a flat-boat. The stock was
driven down the trail at the lower (Jascades,
where they took another Hat-boat. Tliey were
towed down the river by a little steamer. When
they landed at the mouth of the Sandy Mr.
Uaffety took up a grant claim of 320 acres of
land in Washington county, on which they built
a log cabin and began their pioneer life. On
that pro|HM-ty he has since resided, and has made
it a valuable place. Here, in his seventy-sev-
enth year, possessed of all his faculties, resides
the honored pioneer with the wilV^who has been
his faithful partner in his joys and sorrows for
fifty years.

Tlie children who crossed the plains were:
Cliarles 11., Rial M., I)av, Sarah Elizabeth and
Emma 15. The latter met with an accident and
died in her eleventh year. In Oregon there
were added to this family, Samuel .1.. Jacob C.
and Louisa. The eldc-t daughter became the
wife of W. P. Miller, and the second daughter
married .Mbert Wirtz. They reside at the old
farm. The sons were educated at Forest Grove,
and Charles 11. and Dav graduated from the
medical department of the Willaraette Uni-
versity, the former in 1869 and the latter in
1880. In 1860 Cliarles and Dav came to East

UlU'liliY OF (IHIiGON.

»n

i'lii'tliiiiil iukI 8tiirtu(l ill tlie (Ini); IxihiiicBi* uiiil
oiij^ii^imI ill till! iinii'ticf (if tlicir prol'i'ssiuii. 'I"lu'
otlicr lirdtlifi' liiirt joined liiiii, ami I >u\ unci
Uial iiiaiiii^L'« tilt! drug 8t(ire, wiiili> Dr. (J, II.
Kallcty and Dav LMiiitiiiiie tliuir |iractii'i'. Tlicir
driij^ iiiisiiLcss iH till! oldi'st I'diitiiiiiiPim Imniiiess
ill tlii'ir liiK! on tlin i-ast sidi-. Dr. CliiirUs II.
Kafrcty iiiiirrii'il Mies Ariiiaiida Sitiitli. tlie
daiii^litor of ('a|itiiiii .lolm Smith. Dr. Diiv
Itaffuty marriiMl Mit^s l'"aiiii_v L'i).5aM, daii^litcr
of Mr. A. II. huf^aii, u relative of tlie laiiieiite(
jiatriot, HtateBiiiiiii ami soldier, .loliii A. I.oi^aii.
riu> cliildri'ii are Harry L. ami liiiof^eno. Tliese
brothers have lieeii successful |ihjsieians and
hiisinesH men. and have invested, years airo, in
city [iroperty in Kast Portland, which has i^rown
to be very viiluahle.

I.. IIOWLAND, M. D„ LL. D.. V. II. S.,

one of Oriifjon's most honored [lioneers
^^ and 8ii|n.Tiiiteiident of the State Asy
liiiii for the Insane, is of Kiiglish ancestry,
some iiieinliers of whom emiirrated to North
Carolina before the Uevolution. His father,
Judge Jeremiah Rowland, was born in North
(Jarolina. lie married Miss l>ucy IJiitler, a
native of South Carolina. She was of Scotch
ancestry, iiiemliers of whom were eijualiy early
settlers of the colonies. Her mother was a
Lindsay, also one of the noted old families of
the country. The Doctor's parents removed to
Tennessee, where there were horn nine children,
six of wlioir. are still livinj;. The Doctor's
father was twice married, the Doctor beiiig the
first child of the second marriage.

He was born at Nashville, Tennessee, on the
17tli of September, ISiJl, and was namiMl Levi
Lindsay, In 1844, when thirteen years of ajie,
he crossed the plains to Oregon with his father,
and they settled on a (Jovermnent donation
claim, where ho remained, helping his father in
the improvement of the farm, where he obtained
such practical information in regard to stock and
fiirming, as has been of value to him in later
life. When eighteen years old he entered into
an agreement with his father for his time that
he might go to the gold mines, which had just
been discovered in (California. The bargain was
that lii.s father should have half of the jiroeeeds.
He mined from 1849 to 1851 and met with fair
success; half of the proceeds were paid to his

father, and half he invested in Mexican rattle.
Till! work in the gold mines and his piotil on
the invest'iieiit in stix'k, gave lii:ii the means
with which he obtained his ediicatioii, lie
accordingly went to Itethaiiy College, X'irginia,
taking the courses and obtaining hi,- de;;rceB,
Ho then traveled in nearly cmtv State iind Ter-
ritory id' the rnion, teaching in diU'eielit places,
in the inean'inie studying medicine.

On November IS, 1S5'.I, at Marvin, Alaliama,
he was married to Miss Kmma .1. Sandiis. She
was a native of Alabama, having been born .May
1, 183U, and was a graduate of Franklin Col-
lege, Tennessee. They had five children, of
wlioiii four died in childhood. Their sur\ iving
daughter, Levia, married ,Mr. Jay ('. Smith, and
resides in Salem.

After his marriage Mr. Rowland ivliirned
to Oregon, where he obtained his medical
degree, in the Willamette Lniversity, and has
practiced his profession for over twenty years.
In 1874 he was elected State Superintend-
ent of I'ublic Instruction, in which capacity
he served for four years, or until 1878, win n
he went to Europi' for two years, attending lect-
ures and traveling in I'^gvpt and the Orient.
During all his career, the Doctor has been
actively engaged in educational iiiterests. He
was an ordained ministerof the Christian Denom-
ination, and was presiilent of their college at
Monmouth. I'olk county, now the State Normal
School. He was also ('ouiity Superintendent
of Schools, and, in 1800, organized and con-
ducted the first teacliers' institute held in the
State.

Tn 1801? he became the owner of a ranch of
800 acres at the Dalles, on which he has bred
many fine horses, for which he has received
numerous first premiums. He was an active
member of the State Agricultural Socie'.y, of
which he was elected the Vice- president. Ho
was one of the organizers of the State Insurance
(^ompany, and has been its president since its
organization. This corporation has met with
marked success from the start. He owns some
city property, and has done some building, be-
sides which he raises considerable blooded stock
on his large tracts of land, consisting of short-
horns, Holsteins, Polled-Aiigus, and other
valuable breeds. In the midst of the many
enterprises, in which the Doctor is engaged, he
does not forget his connection with the medical
profession. In 1874 he assisted in organizing
the State Medic»l Society, and has filled many

i*r;.,V .rf'.i'

lais

IIIHTORY OF OREGON.

of its i;;!jv^rtr\!it offices, iiipliKliiig that of presi-
dent, lie lias represented the Atnericiiii iMedical
Assoeiiitioii several tines, and in 1871) attended
tlie Ainsterchun (Ilolhind) International Medical
Association as a representative of tlie Willamette
University, of whose facnity he was for a time
dean, he also served this fae\iltj as secretary
for several years, and for eiifjit years was Pro-
fessor of I'hysioioiry and Micro.-cojiy, and has
heen a iectnrer on Hygiene. In.liily. lS!tL, lie re-
(•eived tlie ii|)pointnient ot Supei'intt'udent (d' the
Oregon State Asylum for tiie Insane, and to this
institution and its importanf needs, the Doctor
is now ffiviiig the liest efforts of his mature
medical I'vidirment and Inisiness exi)erience. and
certainly no man is better htted tor this im-
portant trust U...n he, the institutinir of which
is a credit to Oreiron, as an exponent of its
human; sensihilities. He has been a member
of the Masonic fraternity since XHhl. He is a
lea<linf; temperance nian, indorsin<r that cause
most em|)hatically. Since the war he has been
a Republican in politics. In his intercourse
with men he is kind-hearted and agreeable.
He is an ardent admirer of Oregon, and every-
thing pertaining thereto, and has more than
once emphasized his pret'evonce, both pecuniarily
and by his influence.

^MITII & STEINEIi, proprietors of the
lied Corner Drug Store, of Salem, are
the leading druggists of the place, and are
highly r"spected in commercial circles through-
out the coast. They jjurchased the business in
.Inly, IHtK), and since that time have met with
gratifying success. Hy the employment of
strictly honorable methods they have won the
contidence of the community; their intelligeni'e
and care in tilling prescriptions has secured the
])atronage of the prominent physicians and the
aporo' al and good-will of the public.

J. G. Smith, the senior member of 'he firm,
came to (Oregon in 1874. He was L, rn in
Washington county, Iowa, August 12, IS59.
His grandfather, Isaac Smith, was a pioneer of
Kentucky, and his fatiier, I. N. Smith, was
born in that State. The latter married Miss
\ancy Young, of Kentucky, and to them were
born seven children, the Doctor being the
youngest. He was educated at the Iowa State
University, and was graduated from the medi-

cal department of this institution, March (i,
1S89. .\fter this exent In; removed to the Pa-
cific coast, and located in Salem, where he em-
barked in his present busim^ss in 18U0.

He is Senior Warden of Pacific Lodge, No.
50, F. & A. M..aiMl also belongs to the chapter.
Politically, he is a radical Republican. He was
married July lit, 1889, to Miss Emma Thomas,
a native of Oregon. The Doctor is a man of
exceptional ability, and has iittaineil an enviable
rank in biisinest. circles in Salem,

Lee Steiner, the junior member of the firm
of Smith vV Steiner, was born ai Lima, (Jhio,
September !2t), 1870. He is of (Tcrman ex-
traction, but his ancestors have lived in America
for three generations. G. Steiner. his father,
was a native of Ohio, and he married Miss
Elizabeth Hass, vvhn was also liorn in the liuck-
eye State. They had a family of four (diild.en,
our ;-ubject b-ing the second in orJer of birth.
He was reared at illiiffton, Iowa, amd since he
was a lad of eleven years he has made a study
of pharmacy. He is thoroughly infurmed upon
this subject, and is one of the most reliable
druggists in the State. He has been an active
member of the firm of Smith ife Steiner since
the paitnership was formed.

Politicall". he is independent. He is a mem-
ber of the Masonic fraternity, and takes a laud-
able jjride in ids connection with the National
(ruard of the State; he baa had the honor of
being Hosj ral Hteward oi the \intli Regiment.
He is oblitrrng and courteous in manner, and
has won •- liost of friends, both in and out of
business life.

flUEHE ATHERTON STEPHENS is one
of the few remaining representative pio-
liters of Oregon, who came to Portland in
1845. She is riie widow of the late Thomas
Fulton Stephens, with whom she crossed the
plains. She was born in the State of Ohio on
the 17th of t )ctober, 181(5, and is the daughter
of Ezra Attierton, of ICentucky. His people
were early settlers of Kentuuky and Ohio.
.Mrs. Ste|th«ns' father married Ellen ( 'ampbell,
:i native of Pennsylvania. '^\w\ had nine chil-
dren, three of whom are still living. She re-
sided in ( >liio until 18vt4, when she removed to
Illinois, where she was marri»»d to Mr. Stephens.
There were three children born to them in Illi-

U I STORY OF OREGON.

1218

Marcli f),
il fii tlie IV

lore lie ein-
800.
r.odae. No.

tlio chapter,
■an. He was
iiMH Tlioiiias.

ii^ a mail of

>ni (Miviiible

of the tinii

Lima, Ohio,

Teriiian ex-

iii Ariierica

hin father,

lurried MiKs

in ti'.e liiick-

|iiir children,

i"r of birth.

uul since lie

iiadu a study

fanned upon

iioKt relini)lo

en an active

■iteiiier since

le is a luein-
takes a laud-
"lie N.ational
file iionor of
li iicfifiment.
manner, and
I and out of

ENS is one
iitative pio-
i'ortiand in
ate Tliornas
crossed the
of Ohio on
lie daughter
His people

and Ohio.

<Jiiimpi)ell.
d nine cliil-
^. She re-
reinoved to
r. Stephens,
em in Illi-

nois: .John U., Mary Ellen and Nancy Ann.
On the 15th of April, 1845, they started from
the hoiuo in Hancock county. Illinois, to cross
the plains. There were 160 wagons in the
company, and they met with tiie usual trials of
the emigrants, and arrived at the Dalles on the
'25th of October. The stock was sent over the
Cascade mountains, and on rafts, made of loirs
and poles which they cut they Hoated down
the (.'olumbia. They landed at the (Cascades, and
the rafts were allowed to float down. After
fjettiiifj l)elow the Oascades. they came with In-
dians to Portland. In the followiiifr year they
came to Portland and took up ;520 acres each cif
(.'onation land. Here in the dense woods they
built a small shanty and began their residence,
where Mrs. Stephens has resided for forty-six
years. Mr. Stephens obtained a few peas and
se'id potatoes, and made a small iiarden. Their
floods they bought at Vancouver and Oregon
City. Soon after Portland was settled, and
tli.3y began to get supplies there. In the tirst
two years of early pioneer life they lived very
poorly and endured many liardships. Mr.
Stephens cleared off a small portion of the land
and built a sawmill, lie sawed the lumber for
the tirst houses. He improved his land and
property, and sold parts of it cheap from time
to time. He was a thoroughly honest man,
ever ready to help the needy. He became in-
volved by signiiifj for others, and it resulted in
his liMving to sell most c/f his land to pay these
claims. He tinally died of softening of the
brain, .\pril 13, 18S4. He was a good man,
and was highly respected by the pioneer.- of
Oregon and all who knew him. The oldest son
had fought in the Indian war, and worked in
the .lohn Day mines, and in returning from
there he was killed by the Indians, and bis body
was never found. Eight children were adilell
to the family in Oregon, and three sons and two
diiughtcrs are yet living. The names of the
children are; Thomas T., Samuel T. and Mil-
ton. The latter resides with his mother. The
daughter, Mary Ann, married T. .1. Itobinson,
who is now the City Marshal of Walla Walla.
In 1882 they built a nice residence, where Mrs.
Stejtheiis now resides. She has disposed of her
land. Anil sold, some years asjo, to the Scotch
Loan Company, 128 acres, for which she was
paid ^28,000. The land is now largely built
upon, and has greatly advanced in price, and is
now Worth a much larger sum than she origin-
ally sold it for.

7«

She is a little, quiet, good-hjokiug lady, and
no one would ever think, to look at her, that
she was one of the |Honeers of Oregon. Sooi
all these good women and men. who have paved
the way for the building of this greit common-
wealth, shall have passed away, leaving behind
them this great State as a monument to their
sterling worth, perseverance and endurance.

f^O.N. STEPHEN STAATS, an Oregon pio-
fjfflU necr of 181-5. and the tirst white man niar-
*5ii| ried in Polk county, was born in .New
Vork, rluly l<>, 1821. He is of (Teinian ances-
try, and his forefathers were among the early
settlers of the Empire State. His father. Isaac
Staats, was a merchant for sixty ycNirs in the
city of Albany. He married Miss Jane Ann
Crolins, a native of New York city. They had
ten children, of whom three daughters still sur-
vive, and our subject ia the only living son.

The latt(M' was reared, until his fifteenth year
in Albany. New York, but in 18U5 he emigrated
to Fort Leavenworth. Kansas, and was clerk in
a sutler's store f<n- two years, and then wont
with his father to Platte county, Missouri. At
that time this was an Indian country, and Mr.
S'aats carried one of the buckets of coin to pay
the Indians for the land. His father built the
tirst house in. and was the tirst settler, of Platte
county. Missouri. Mr. Staats remained there
for eight years, and then, in 1815. he crossed
the plains to Oregon, with his brother Isaac.
They started on the 4th of May, from St. Jo-
seph, Missouri, and were five months on the
journey. Mr. Staats says that it was as pleas-
ant and safe a journey as was ever made. Mi.
John M. Forest and his family crossed the pains
in the same company, and his daughter, Miss
(!ordelia C, was the lady that Mr. Staats after-
ward married, and some tliink that's why our
pioneer thought the journey such a nice one.
When they arrived at the I)alles, they rafted
down the Columbia to tliiv Willamette, and then
came to Oregon City, where they arrived Octo-
ber 1, 1815, and then came diriM't to Polk
ccninty, and Mr. Staats and his lirother each lo-
cated ()40 acres of land on tlu> Luckamiite.
They built a log cabin and lived alone until
March 29, 1846, when ^Ir. Stephen Staats was
united in marriage to Miss (Cordelia Forct.
The hajipy groom was dressed in a buckskin

1',>U

Ji/sroiiy OF ojiKtioA.

suit, iiiid it is >mi\ that tlie bride at'terward hc-
kiiowiedf^i'd toa friend that she tiiou^lit lie looked
'■ f^ooii." Rev. Mr. liallaii |)i'rroniie.| tiie core-
moiiy, and Mr. Staats' brother Uaac, and tiie
'■ride's fainilv. Vvere ail the guests present. Mr.
Staats remained with his i'alher-in-law until
l'S47, when they all went with pack animals to
California, thinking they wonld like it better
tliere.

They located in 8)infa Clan county, and Mr.
Staats obtained work In the redwoods, and
was at Slitter's tort when <fold was discovered,
and lie says that Charles Hennett, an Oregon
pioneer of 184t, picked np the first handful of
ilirt with gold in it. Later Mr. Marshall |)ickol
lip a i>iece that was testcil, and foiinil to by clear
gold, and Mr. Staats has had in liis hand the
tirst ounce of gold that was dug in (^'Hlifornia,
after that discovery. .Mr. Staats clerked for
Sam Brannau on A[oriiioii island, and sold
bhinkets to the Indians, at §10 a i)air; that is,
he would put ^10 in silver in one side of the
scales, and gold dust to raise the beam whs put
in the other side, and that was th • price re-
ceived for the blankets. While ho was there he
made a pil(> of gold for his employer, and re-
ceived ten |X'r cent of the l)iisiness done for his
wages, lie left there in the fall of 1S48. and
he and his relatives returned to Orej^on by
water, the passage for himself and wife beinj^
$;500. When asked las reason for leaving
California, he says that they hail been sick, ;ind
that gold was found in such abundant (|Uantiti('s
that they thought that soon it would l>e of n<i
value. The voyage re(jiiired twenty days from
San Francisco to .\st'iria. Tliey spent the win-
ter at i'ortland, and then returned to I'olk
county, and Mr. Staats traded his first claim for
a ritle and took up ti-lO acres adjoining, on
which he has continuously resided e\er since,
and which has become a very valuable property.
While in I'ortland he was olfered one-half of the
present site of the city for iS.'},')!)* t.

Mr. and Mrs. .Staats had a family of eight
children. His daughter, ,\nn Elizabeth, was
born .raiiuary 11, 1SK(, and was one of the first
white children tiorii in the county. She is now
the widow of William .V. K. Mellen, and re-
sides at Salem, ('onlelia married W. P. Ire-
land, and resides near her father; (Jlara Ellen
becami' the wife of Uev. (reorge M. Ii(]oth,
a Mctliodist minister; Afnry C. became the
wife of Samuel ('ollins, and resides in Cook
county; Stephen A. DonglaH died in his

twenty fifth year; Caroline married .1. E. Iliih-
baid, and resides in Independei ee; Charles
Sherniiin resides in Cook county, Oregon; Lily
i-alliu is the wife of William Madison, and they
live on the old doruition claiiii. Mrs. Staats died
on the 4tli of March, lS8fi, after a long pi'rioil
of ill health. She was a woman of fine dispo-
sition, a mild anil loving nature, and always
looked on the bright side of everything. She
was a faithful wife and nio'her, and has been
greatly missed by Mr. Staats and her family.
Her last words were: " I shall soon be witii
mother and .Fesiis."

Mr. Staats is a Democrat in politics, is a well
infonned, wide-awake man, and has made niunv
active canvasses over the State fiu'his party, aiiii
is a very interesting speaker. He has been a
.liistice of the Peace tor ten years, and, in |S7t5,
he was nominateii and elected to the State Ecg-
islatiire. He has also been a Lecturer for the
(irange for a number of years, is very widely
known and much esteemed. He is President of
the County Pioneer Society, and, when at any
of the meetings, he always makes an entertain
ing speech, which has helped to make him very
popular.

^M(f^^^

*ti

1II.\KLES SXYDEK, one of the prosperous
farmers of Aurora, Oregon, was one of the
early settlers of the town. He came to
( )regon in 1848. His birth (H'cnrred in the
State of Ohio, February 10, 1S48, and his father,
Henry Snyder, wius born in (Termany and came
to the I'nited States when but tvtdve years of
age, settling in (^hio, where he married, and
a family of seven children were reared from
this union. When Charles wa^ but a year and
one half id<l his mother died, and his father soon
after passed, away, in his sixty. tifth year. live
of the sons are yet living.

When our subject came to Oregon he was
eleven years of ai;e. The tirst year lie attended
Bclicol in Aurora and in 18.5() was sent to school
in i'ortland. In Isil',) he inarried Miss Chris-
tian Schiillr, a native of .Missouri, born in 1848.
They were married in Aurora, and were mem-
bers of .'vurora Colony. Mr. Snyder was en-
gaged in carpeiit-^r work when the colony broke
up, and he received for his share fifty sever,
acres of timber laiui neartlie town, and his wife
received a liousti and lot in Aurora.

HltiTORY OF OIlHaoN.

\-ll'>

J. E. IIiili-

;e; Chiii'li's
reicoii; Lily
iM. ami tiu'v

Stiuifs died
loiii,' period

tine (jiapo-
iiiiij ahviiys
liiiif,'. sill?
'1 hill' lii't'ii
lli'i- family,
nil 1)1' witii

t''^, is a well
iiadi! iiiKiiy
()ai'ty, aiid

has l)een a
I'l, in 1^7(},
' Static r,c(r-

rt'i- tor the
very widely

'ivsident of

lion at any
1 fififiTtain
;i' iiini very

'■ prosperous
s one of file
e eanit) to
It'll ill the
1 Ids father,
,' and came
•i< years of
irried. mihI
Bared from
a year and
fatijei' soon
year. Five

Ml he was
in attendixi
lit to sclidol
lies Chris-
I'M ill 184S.
HH-B inein-
T was eii-
lony liidke
H ft \ sever
1(1 fiis wife

Our siiliject worked industriously and thus
succeeded well. He has added to his land forty
acres nior.i adjoininir it, and now has a t'ariu of
1;2() acres, and is coiiBidered one of the most
successful I'anners in this vicinity. To our
worthy siiliject and wife have licui horn nine
children, as follows: Andrew (1, llonry A.,
Aui:jiista J.; Amelia and Mary twins; and an-
otlier |iair of twins died in infancy; Ernest and
Ida twins; and Lawrence J. Little Ida died in
her secoiul year.

In polities Mr. Snydt'r is a Uepiililiean. He
lias never joined any of the secret societies hav-
injf strictly confined himself to his family :':.A
Imsiness. He is everywhere re»7arded as :in up-
right ind honorahle citizen.

HjAUTLN M. SPAULD^VG, a successful
Imsiness man of Fortiand, was liorii in
Massachusetts, May 21, 1847, the sou
of Cheruhiah Spauluin<r, v ho also was a na-
tive of the Hay State, and o" New Enijland an
cestry. (For a fuller account of the family see
ill this work the sketches of VV. W. and Miss II.
I"'. Spaulding, hrother and sister.)

Mr. SpauldiniT, our subject, the fourth child
in the aliove family, left his iiative State in his
twenty second year and came to i'ortlmid. At
first he was emjiloyed in a meat markctt for his
hrother, then a member of the firm of .lidinson
& Spaiildinij. In the course of ten years he
ojienud a shop on his own account, at the corner
of First and Oak streets. After two years of
successful trade there he moved to the corner of
Second and Stark streets, where he contiiuied
until he moved to (V-ntral market, and here his
business has continued to grow until he has one
of the largest, in the city. In 18S9 the firm of
Spaiilding, rapworth & (^o., was funned, and
they did a wholesale aii'' retail meat business for
a year. In October, that year, they bought out
the wholesale trade of O'Sliea Hros.. and the
American Dressed Beef Company was formed,
eoniprising the iiHMnbers of both linns, witl; the
following (ifticers and diivctors; Joiiii F.
O'Sliea, president; M. M. SpauKling, vice-presi-
• lent; A. 1). I'urckhardt, treasnrei', all of whom
are directors, with the addition of Messrs. E.
May ami T. I'apworth. Their business is that
of wholesale butchers and jobbers' supplies, of
all kinds of meat; and the supjilyitig of ships is

a specialty. Their office in Portland is located
on Third stn^et, between Ash and A streets; and
they have a )i5l()U,000 slaughter and packiu:,'
plant and house, and 2, ()()() acres of land at
Troutsdale, Oregon. They employ on an aver-
atje seventy men, an<l are doiiui' a lartie ami lii-
crative business. In additicm to their wholesale
mavketiiiijat Portia';;!, diev inive one at Seattle
and at Tacoma.

Mr. Slpauldiiij^ has made investments In Port-
land, city pri)|ierty; has built a residence on
I'ilteeuth and Johnson streets, where ho resides,
with his family.

He was married in 1874, to Miss May Hills,
a natives of Orewoii, and they have two children,
both born in Port!an<l: Morton Day and Letie
Ilorstin.

In his political xiews Mr. Spaulding is a lie-
pnblican. He is one of the capable and iiiihis-
trioiis business men of P,irtlaiid who, by hiso.vn
honest efforts, lia> arisen to atHiience. He is
liberal and enterprising, and hat; hosts of
friends.

ILLIAM SIlAllP, decea.sed. was one of
the hiijhly respected early pioneers of
Oregon, and it is fitting that honorable
mention be maile of him on the pages of this
volume.

Mr. Sharp was born in Hiitler county, Ohio,
December '.i4, 1832, a descendant of Irish an-
cestry. Ho was the oldest son in the family of
nine sons and four daui;liters of Samuel Sharp,
and was reared in Indiana, to which State his
parents had moved, and where his father died
in the tifty-second y(!ar of his age. In 18o2. at
the age ot twenty years, he crossed the plains to
Oreiron. starlinif in April, and arrivino; at his
destination in ?\oveinber. On tin; Kith id' .No-
vember of the following year he married Miss
Zobeda Uobbins, wdio was born in Indiana, De-
cember It), 1834. She came overland to Ore-
gon with her ])afents and brothers and sisters,
the family comprising ten children when they
set out on the journey. Hut the family circle
.vas broken long before they reached their jour-
ney's end. 'i'hree of the sistiMs and i; brother-
in-law died of cholera on the plains, also two
other members of their party, and were buried
by the wayside. Three more of the iiobbina
family li.ad the cholera, but recovered.

K'lfi

nrsTOBY OF OlIKGON.

i '

l^revions to his mniriaifo Mr. Sharp had

taken a (lonation flaiin, wliich was within a mile
of where tlie family now reside. On it ho liuilt
a little lof^ caliiii. and in it kopt "hac.h" until
he brought his young hride to share tlie joys
and sorrows of lite in it witli him. After
living tlu^re seven years he traded the propi;rty
for a farm near it, and two years later traded
again, this time tor the present home |)laee, it
tine tract of 200 acres. At the time they set-
tled here tliis land was all covered with lieavy
timher. ^[r. Sharp worked liard to clear and
develop it, and in due time ereuted a good frame
reMilence and made other imf)r(>vements, and
here his family were reari'il. (le was a man of
more than ordinary aliility. and in the atfairs of
his (lav he took an active part. P()liti(;ally. ''e
was a Democrat. lie was elected County (Com-
missioner, and during his term of otKce rendered
most etKcient service. It was while \\c was in
office that the tine bridge across the (/lackamas
was built, and the initiatory steps toward the
bnildinif of several others in the eountv were
taken, lie was an honorable, upris^ht and in-
dustrious man. and for his numy estimable
(jualities was lu'ld in the highest respect by all
who knew him. lie ileparted this life March 2,

Of the tliirteeu children con)|)osing the fam-
ily of this worthy pioneer, all are living, save
one. They are as follows: Alfred C; Margaret
E., wife of John Cairns, Seattle, has three
children; Mary I., wife of James T. Nfiirphey,
Sidney, ^^'^asllitlgton, has six ihildren; Oliver
P.: Samuel F.; Minerva K., wife of John
Mayes, lias one child, aiul resides near the old
home; N'ancy M.; E<lward L. ; Zobeda C;
Walter S.; [)(U'a J., who died when less than a
year old; .\nnaretta and Katie M.

Since the death of the fatlu'r, the mother and
her sons have conducted the Farming operations,
and in a manner which reflects much credit on
them. They are a family held in high esteem
in the community in which they reside.

'^■^^■'^^

80SWEF>r. SHELLEY, one of the repre-
sentative and leading business men of the
city of Independence, hv. been a resident
of tlie county for the longest period of tinui of
any one in the county, with the exception of
Mr. Hill, who is its founder. Mr. Shelley is

the senior member of the firm of Shelley &
Vandnym. the heading dry-goods establishment
of the city of Independeiu'e. Our "ubject is a
native of Iowa, born in Fairfield. Se])teml)er2ti,
iSin. His father, Michiud Shelley, was a
native of Kentucky, born in 1814. He married
Miss Lena Mays, also a native of Kentucky,
both of whom sprang from families wiio wcu'o
early settlers in that State. They had ten i-hil-
dren, of whom seven are living. In 1848 they
crossed the plains to Oregon, when our subject
was two years old, the baby of the family. The
family settled on a donation claim, ten miles
above Eug(>ne, in Lane county. Hero the unide,
]5ostou, had settled in IS4."). and sent them a
glowing ile>cription of the Wiliamotte valK'y.
The first winter was a hard one, and this family
endured all the privations incident to pioneer
life. I'art of the time their oidy article of food
was boiled wheat, as the nearest mill was at
Oregon (Mty. .Vfter eleven years spent on the
farm, Mr. Shelley removed to Monmouth for
the purpose of educating his children at the
Christian College. He bought property in
MoMuionth and resided there from 1S57 to
lS7l,and was one of the pioneers of that town.
He then purchased liiO acres of land near In-
dependeiu'e, where he nwided until 18((!t, and
then went to eastern ()regoi> an<l engaged in
the stock business for four yea.s. He then re-
tired to Eugeiu>, where he now reside^ with his
children. He has been a strong Republican,
and an upright. h()noral)le man. His wife died
in 1857, and he has been left alone ever siiu-e.
Our si'bject was the seventh child^ and re-
ceived a eomnion-school education at Mon-
mouth, where lui attended school in the small
schoolhouse there. After receiving his erhu^a-
tion he encatred in larminii' and raisinir stiu'k,
until 1871, wiieii he was entraged as a clerk in
the store which then (K'<'U'-ied the coriu'r where
he now has his large mercantile establishment.
Then there was only a email store there, that
containeij n s'ill smaller stock. In 1882 Mr.
Shelley was noiuinatcd and elected ("ounty
Clerk of I'olk county. After serving his term
he retired to Independence, and (Migaged in
nu'rchaiidising in partnership with Hon. F. \.
I'atterson. In four nuinthi'' time he consoli-
<lated with his old employers, Messrs, Vandnym
iV: Smith, and later .^'essrs. SlieUey (.V: Si, f!
purchased Mr. Vandnym's interest. Six montlm
later Mi'. J. 'vL Vandnym jiurchased Mr.Sniith's
interest, and the firm assumed its present form,

HWrORY OV OHFAWN.

1-217

"f yiiulluy it
t'stiilili,^liriietit
■ •'iibjfot is ji
it'j)toiiil)ei-a(!,
'1 1 17. «-as a
He iiiui-rifd
Jf Kciitiickj,
ii's whi) vv<!ro
111 ten ,.||i|.
Ill 18 IS they
1 <nii- siihjiM't
tiiiuily. i'lie
in, ten miles
re tli(' unclu,
sent them h
iiiottu Viilley.
fliis raiiiily
lit to j)iniiefV
'•fieU; of fo(j(J
mill was at
spent on the
onmoiith for

I'li'cM at the
(>n>[iei'ty in

oni LSoT to

jf that town.

LMil near In-

til IStJlt. and
eiijrafrefl in
lie then re-

iiles witli his
IJepiiMicun,

lis wife ilied

e ever since.

lild; and re-

n at Mon-

i" tlio small

', Ids ''duca

lisiiijr stock,

' a <"lerk in

orncr where

aiihVJiment.

! there, that.

' 1882 Mr.

«1 ('oiinty

io- Ilis term

■iii^aged in

Hon. F. A.

he consoli-

• Vandnyni

' A- Sij't'

■iix months

I r. Smith's

wnt form,

and has continned to grow in ])ros])(iritv, until
it. is now the largest and most prosperous estal)-
iisiiniei't of its ttind :'n the county. The store
huildinir that was erected in iSfiO remained
until 1881, when it wa< moved off tlie lot and
the present edifice was erected, which is 30 x'JU
feet, and is one of the best brick liuildings in
the city. The busine.<s dealings (jf tliL firm e.\-
tend out twenty or thirty miles in all directions
from the city of Inde|)endence.

Mr. Shelley has erectt^d a line residence on
Uki corner of Third and 13 streets, which was
com|)leted in 1887. He was married Jantiary
17, 1879, to Miss May L. Tatom, a native of
Jackson county, Oregon, and the daughter of
Mr. Jackson Tatom, a prominent Oregon pio-
neer. Mr. and Mrs. Shelley have harl three
children, namely: Ralph Dale, Hugh Tatom
and Fay Loren. ^Irs. Shelley died August 2(5,
1891. They had enjoyed a very happy married
life for thirteen years, and she was a very
esteemed lady, anil all of her friends greatly
mourned her loss.

Mr. Shelley is a meniU'v of the I. O. (). F.,
and is a Uejiublican in politics, lie has heen
twice elected a member of the City ("ouiicil, and
has also served as Mayor of the city, of which
he has been a resident for so many years. He
inid the honor of being one of the guests at the
• Irivi.ig of the gold(Mi spike which connected the
two railroads — the Oregon and California lines.
Mr. Shelley is a gentleman who has always heen
interested in everything calculated to prove of
benefit to tlie city or county. He is a man of
energy and business enterprise, and by his own
efforts has risen to be one of the prominent
business iiien of his city, whe.-e he enjoys the
good-will an<l sontidence of his fellow-citizens.

jra.\ RON ROSE, the pioneer and founder of
V the beautiful town of Roseburg, was boni
in rister county. New York, in 1813.
At the age if twenty- four years he emigrated
with his parents to Mi,''.liigan, wliere he farmed
until 1851 In .\|iril, of that year, he crossed
the plains from Cold water, Mieliignn, to Oregon,
arriving in September following. Here he
took np a donation claiin, 011 which the city of
Uosehnrg now stands. For eighteen years lui
was engaged in farming, ran a butcher shop,
l)0ugh£ and sold horses, and also conducted a

store. During thos'.; yer.rs he liunt(Ml deer, jiaid
81 each for eggs and 81 a pound for tlour. .Mr.
Rose has been a very eiicccssfni business man,
and the city which bears his name, owes much
to his spirit of enttn'prise and progression. In
18o5-'r)6 he was a member of the State Legisla-
ture; assisteil in the buildini£ of the wairon road
from Roseburg to (Joos bay, and hasgiven lands
and money to dvary public cause. In all the
lots he has sold and business transactions he
lias scni|)ulously guarded against a " boom,"
and the result is that the real estate here is on
a solid basis. For nniny years he has given his
entire attetition to the building up of a j)rosper-
ous city.

'S^-^?^-^ — —

f.VMKS II. ROSS, one of Salem's successful
business men, is a native of Lee county,
Iowa, born September 17, 1850. His
father, Daniel Ross, was born in Ohio, a de-
scendant of ancestors who (^migrated to Rhode
Island before the war of the Revijlution; he
married Miss Malinda Casey, of Ohio, and to
them were born six chiMren, five of whom are
living. The father, mother and four children
crossed the plains to California in 1852, and
settled in Santa Clara county. There James II.
attended the public schools, and when he had
tinislied his studies he went to San Jose, where
he learned the blacksmiths' trade. When he
had served his apprenticeship lie went to Hum-
boldt county, and there followed his vocation
for twelve years. He then came to Salem, took
up his old occupation, and has been very pros-
perous. The firm o" Ros^ & Rice was formed
iti 1890, and the con.bined energies of those two
genthMiien have beer beneficial to both, Thoy
are eiiter|iiising and capable business men, and
by coiiRcieiUiOus, caieful work have won a largo
patronage.

In politics Mr. Ross has cast his suffrage
with the Renublican party. During the years
1877, 1878 and 1879 lie was Deputy Sheriff of
HuiTiboldt county, and for four years he was
Marshal o ' the city of Salem, serving with great
acceptability from July 1, 188(5.

He is a member of the Masonic fraternity,
being VV. M. of Pacific Lodge, No. 50, A. F.
it A. M.; he also belongs to the chapter.

He was united in marriage in l87o to Miss
Ethel Cooper, a native of San l*'ranciseo, and a
daughter of William S. Cooper, who was con-

Vi\S

iiisTonr <>/<■ oumaoN.

iiected with tlie land otKee at Kuroka, Hiiin-
holilt coiintv. for twoiity yiMi's. Mr. luul Mrti.
Ross art tliii piuviitr of five cliildreii: Frwl;
Etiiel and Editli, twins: Vern, and <rraci.'. Tiiey
own a ploasant lioino iit the corner of Ciiurch
an I ()al< strectH. Mr. Uoss lias iivoJ a life of
inilustry, and with sturdy lilowa from liis ••froni^
ri'^lit arm lie lias wronifhl fnini irlowiiii; ii-on the
means of sustenance for himself and family.
His NMcation is one of the most useful and hn-
inane of the |)rescnr civilization, ami has in him

an ablfc representative.

-•— iS^^I

T^J-Eg^

[TKl'lIKN SMITH, of Anror.a. Marion
|fg\1 county, ()rei_foii, is oik.' of the <>ai'ly .-ettlers
of the town, lie was horn in Mnseatiiie,
lo'>a, March U. 1S45, and is a son of (ieorije
8mith, a native of Haden, (i(M'many, who eaine
to the United States in 18ii'J and settled in St.
]<o,iis, Nlissonri, later reinovintr to Muscatine,
Iowa, and .joining a colony therein 184:5. In
1847 his 'vit'e dieil, and at that time our snhject
was two and one half vears ut iiviv. The father
marriol a seiond tin.eand reared a second I'ain-
ily. lie came to Anrora. Oreifon. and was a
ineniher of the colony here, and died in 1888 in
his eighty-fourth year.

Stephen Smith, the snhject of this sketch,
was the only cliild of the Hist nnirriaije, and
was sent to the common schools and had the
ad\antaii;es (dfered him hy the instruction of
Prof. Ktio-e. lie learned the trade of wajron
maker, and this hnsiiiess helms since followed,
althunirh ne has also enijasied in t'arniintr.
At the present tinu? he has 240 acres outside of
the town, atid sixteen acres adjoiiiin<f the town,
and one-hall hloc.k within the town, on which
his residence stands. Here his wai^on shop and
mill are also located. His lami seems capahle
of a variety of crops, and lie is now raising
clover, timothy, hops and prunes.

In 1872 our suhject was married to Miss
Hannah Kraiis, a native of Missouri, horn in
1840, and two koiib have heen horn, (ieorge S.,
now a (derk in the store of ^[r. (iusy, and Lo-
renzo S., who died in infancy two weeks after
the death of his mother, which occnred in 1874.

Durinj; the existence of the Aurora colony,
Mr. Smith was one of the seven committeenuMi
who, with Dr. Keel, managed the alfairs of the
colony. They owned in common 10,000 acres

of land ill Missouri and at Aurora, aiid the title
to the land in Oregon was in the name of Presi-
dent Keel. Previous to his death, the colonists
ohtained a deed of the land from Dr. Keel to
the committee for the colony, uiid when the col-
ony hroke up, the committe.; made a division,
giving each nuMiiher his share. There was also
due the colony in Missouri $25, ()()(>, and Mr.
Smith was one of the comuiittee to collect it
and divide it among the memhcTs.

Ill politics Mr. Smith is a Kepiihlican, and
served a term as .lustice of the Peace, and has
given his fellow-citizens service as Treasurer
and (!lerk of the school district, lie is a very
intelligent man and well ac<piainted with the
history of Aurora and Marion county. He has
never remarried. llis tasfes are (jiiicf, aiul he
enjoys his home, where he has some arti.des of
groat interest, which it may he hoped will he
placed in the collection of interesting articles on
exhihit for the coming World's Fair in ( 'hicago.
These are a Lutheran I'ible that was printed in
15(55. It is lifti.'en inches long, twelve inches
wide and six incdies thick, and when new it had
heavy silver clasjis, but these were taken away
hy the Bonaparte army. He has also a stone
cliina pitcher that has heen in the family for
years unknown, and hoar.s the date 709.

IIOMAS SMITH, u veiierahle pioneer of
Douglas county, was horn in Ilenly, ()x-
fonlshire, Kngland, Fehruary 12, 1^24. a
^<>ii of Ueorgo and Mary (Perrin) Smith. Our
suhject, tlie sec(Hid in the family of nine cliil-
dreii, came to the United States in 1880, locat-
ing in Rochester, New York. In ISiJlthe fam-
ily removed to Clevehmd, Ohio, in 18H4 to La
Porte county, Indiana, and in 1847 Mr. Smith
and his brother started across the plains to Ore-
gon, leaving St. .los((pli, Missouri, May 2)i,
1847. Of this trip across the wild and barren
plains Mr. Smith can talk for hours, as his
memory is exceptionally good for f)iie of his
ago. After arriving in this State he located
near Kufi;ene, wlu>re he took up a donation
claim. In 184!) he located a claim at Winches-
ter, Douglas county, near Rosehiirg, where, for
many years, he was successfully eiifjagt^l in tarm-
inc ami stock-raisinir. In .lime, 1MS7. he pur-
chased property in llosehnrg, and lu^ now owns
several valuable residences in this cityliesides

WijB —B88g!^ S~

urnTony of ohegos .

1319

.)••

ii.ul the titlo
me of I'ri'Ki-
'\w (Colonists
Dr. Kffl to
liiiii the I'ol-
ii ilivi.siou,
Kit' WHS iilso
110, and Mr.
to colloc't it

lilicaii, ii'uJ

'I', illltl llfis

I'roasuror
u i.-i 11 very
wifli tli'o
He lias
iiict, and lio
(' arti.'lt's of
pi'il will be
^ articles on
ill ( 'hicacro.
8 prill f(«l in
'elve inches
new it Imd
taken away
also H stone
family for

oy. *

pioneer of
Ileiilv, Ox-
12, 1H24. a
nith. Oiir
nine eliil-
Hao. locaf-
JUthefam-
IS;{4 to La
Mr. yinith
ins to Ore-
May 2;{,
"1(1 liarreii
It's, as his
>nc of his
!ie located
donation
Winehes-
where, for
d in tarin-
7. lie pnr-
now owns
;y Itesidos

liis own neat home on Douglas and Wushiiifrtoii
streets. lie was one of tiie orjjaniztirs of this
county, and in 1852 was elected County Coinniis-
sioiier, served as .lusticeof the I'eace from 1853
to 1858; was I'ostinaster from 1854 to 1800, at
Uinciiester; in 1858 was elected Public Ad-
ministrator of Douglas c unty; from 1874 to
1878 served as County Judge, and at the pres-
ent time is Inspector of Stock for the county,
which position he has tilled for eiiflit years.
For many years he served on the School Board,
and has a record of havini;; run the best and
cheajiest schools ever conducted in that county.
Mr. Smith was married, in 1852, to Miss
Arotliusa E. Lynn, a native of Missouri, and a
dauijhter of Daniel and Annie (Ilaun) Lynn,
both well-known nioneers of Oreiron. Our
subject and wife have had the following ehil-
<lren: George 1).; Marion, deceased; Lynn; Lee;
Natlum; Ralph: Mary A., wife of 1). F. Roh-
rer; Thomas; Arethusa E.; Helen Y.; Rolla,
deceased; and (iraca D. Socially, Mr. Smith
has been a Mason since 1858. lie has resided
in Doiigla:* (H)uutv' longer than any other white
man, and may properly bo styled a pioneer of
pioneers. He has been successful in all his
business ventures, has always contributed of his
means toward the advancement of th.; c(iunty in
which he lives, is an upright, honest and enter-
prising citi/.en, has witnessed the hardships of
frontier life, and to such as he the material
prosperity of the country is greatly duo.

A RAH A. SLOAN, a lady of remarkable
executive ability and rare uitelligenco, and
the popular proprietr(*ss of the Forest Grove
Hotel, is of I'uritiiii aiu'estry, who uinijfrated
from Old Fiigland to New England in the early
settlement of the colimies. in proof ol which is
cited the fact that the first man ever buried in
New London was a Chesbro. which was her
maiden name. Her father, 1*. F. Chesbro, was
born in New London in 1802. He married
Miss Rebecca Smith, a native of Washington
county, New York, whose grandfather was ("ap-
taiii Allen, a native of Scotland. He marrioil
in the city of Castile, a pure Castilian, a Span-
ish lady of an honorable family. Mrs. Sloan's
parents had sovc;i children, three of whom are
now living.

Slie was born in ChautaiKina county, Nciv
York, August 13, I8;i8, and was reared, 'iducated
and resided in her native county until she was
thirty-two years of age, when she cume to Ore-
gon. She was mairied in 1S4S to Mr. Chester
Sloan, a native of Chautaiujua county, New
York, on So|)teinber 20, 1848. His people were
early settlers of Madison county. New York,
and were highly respected peopli^

In 18()l they came to Forest Grove, where
they rented far a cou[ilo of years the Alviii T.
Suiiih place, and then removed to eastern Ore-
gon, where they etigiiged in the stock business,
in this, then, wild, unsettled region. They were
for three years, in the strictest seiue of the
word, pioneers, and experienced all the lianl-
sliips and vicissitndtM of tlnu kind of life.
They were isolated fn»m all s(jciety and tlio
pleasures of civilization, but found many oppor-
tunities to assist their fellow- men, both with
shelter and food, which were bestowed with that
generous hospitality which makes receiving a
pleasure. After three years of this wild life,
among cattle and liuliaus, they returned to Forest
Grove, where, in 18()5, they opened the Forest
Grove Hotel, where she has presided for twenty-
seven years, with tliut generous, painstaking
hos])itality so characteristic of the lady, ami so
charming to beliold. She has entertained many
of the men who now hold the highest otKcial
positions in the State. During all these years
she recalls with pleiisure that no worthy poor
person was ever turned iinsalistied from her
door. Thus she has grown alike in poptilarity
with the rich and poor, enjoying, after all 'heso
years, the good-will of all.

She has had three sons: Eugene C, a fine
apiiearing and promising young man, wlio died
in his twenty-fourth year; the othiu' two, ifames
P. and George ()., the latter of whom was born
in Forest Grove, still reside at home.

Mr. and Mrs. Sloan own several excellent
|)ieces of projierty in Forest (rrove; that on
which the hotel stands, and the adjoining prop-
erty, besides a number of large blocks in the city,
which Mr. Sloan ami their sons have planted to
prunes, which are now bearing plentifully. He
and son have also devoted the prune orchards
to the choice productions of choice breeds of
thoroughbred poultry, in wi.icli they have been
quite successful, having many prize speciuuuis.
The principal varieties are Plymouth Rock,
Wyandots, Brown and White Leghorns, and
. Italian Gaines.

.^iAf-

imi

IS'JO

lllSrOUY OV OliKQON.

i\Ir. SU)«u is >i Ilepnliliciin, lioiiest and iiid.is-
trioiis, quiet and nmissuininri;, Imspitiililo iind
fji'iierons, imd iiincii respected and osteeiiiud l)y
his followciti/.ons. all of wliii-.li may l>o tnitli-
fidlv said of his e.stinial)lu wife, who is one with
'iini ill his ainliitious, and sorrosvs and fares.

^.N'Oi^HW C. SMITH, M. I).~Anionrr tlio
youni^ur |)liysi('ians of I'ortland who have
rapidly risen into proniineiice. we find the
the name of Dr. Andrew C Smith.

He wa.s l)i)rn in iiiehlaiid ooiiiity, Wis(;oiisin,
July U, l*S5t'). His father, 1'. C. Sniitii. a na-
tive of IrelaiKh LMiii^ratef' to .VintM'ica wlien a
liov, and was anion^ tlie early settler.-* of Wis-
eonsin. He married Miss Klizaheth Tully,
daiiiihter of I'rof. Hdninnd Tnlly, of Oavan, Ire-
land, who was principal of a celebrated classical
school for i)riests. .NIr. Smith followed fanning
in Wisconsin until \V>M. when lie came to
I'ortland. Orci^riii. Kor s(>\-eial years he was
connected witli the river improvements as cap-
tain of the Commodore i'eriy. He snl)se(|iiently
removed to HI Dorado county. California, where
lie is now eiii^.a^'ed in ti.rminir.

Andrew C. attended St. .Michael's Collej^e,
I'ortland. and complotod his classical course at
private schools in California. In December,
187+, he entered tlie I'licitic Medical Colleije,
later called (Jooper Medical Colleire, and there
jfraduated in November, 1H77. .Vcceptiiifr an
a])poiiitnient as .surijeoii in the reo;ular ai my. he
was stationed at '"amp McDermott, Xevada,
diirinij the IJannock Iinlian campaign, and with
Major Mti/ner was in the field throuifli the
I'matilla country. He was the medical officer
who accom])anied the command of (leneiid
Howard to I'riest Kapids diirinj^ the memorable
council with Chief Moses and his warriors.
.\fter peace was declared. Dr. Smith was sta-
tioned at Front I'oiiit, San Francisco, until his
discharj>;e.

In 18S() he o|)ened an office in Amador
City, California, and built up an exten-
sive and lucrative ))raetice, wliich he con-
tinued until 188s. That year he went to
New York city ami took the post-c' adu-
ate conrse at tlu* New York Polyclinic. He
then extended his ti-ip to Furopeaiid passed oik;
year in the hospital in Vienna, aiul in visitinif
the hospitals of nerlin, (Glasgow and London.

kcturniiif^ to the Pacific coast in September,

1890, he located at I'ortlaml, and in February,

1891, was appointed County I'hysician, which
office he still holds. He is a member of the K.
of !'.. F(u-ester8, A. O. F. W.. Portland Medical
Society, and the State Me..icnl Society of Cali-
foi'iiia.

Dr. Smith follows a ijeneral practice in medi-
cine and surgery, and with his advanced studies
and experience, ha.s ra|)idly ac(|iiired a larire
practice, which is constantly increasing.

■i^ON. .IKIUvY STONE, one of the pn.nii-
i\m\ '"'"^ .V^i'i'ii business men of Oregon, and
*;^if (Mie of the pioneers of that State, was lK)rn
in ("harleiton. Illinois, June 12, 11^5-1. He".vas
the fourth in the family of nine children bom
to Dr. John and Perinelia (White) Stone, both
natives of Indiana. After the former finished
his e<liicatioii in medicine he nvM-ried and re-
moved to ('harlestoii, Illinois, where he pursued
his practice twenty-two years, and in l8l'>;J with
his family crossed the plains to Oregon. The
family came, via California, where they stopped
eighteen months, making the trip with ox teams.
.\fter their eighteen months' sojourn in (Jali-
fornia they pushed on to Oregon, arriving in
the Willamette valley, at the little town of
Hethany, where the father remained six years,
then removed to Walla Walla, and practiced his
l)rofe3sion until his death, which occurred
.March, 1870, when he was but fifty years of
age. His wife is yet living, residing at Athena,
sixty-seven years of age. She and her husband
were the parents of nine children, the seven
now living are all residents of the State of Ore-
gon.

Onr subject only enjoyed the advantages of a
limited schooling, as he was compelled to look
out after his own interests as soon as old enough.
His first work was handling sheep for others,
and never allowed inclination to influence him in
the choice of work, l)iit took whatever presented
itself. He saved his money, and soon was able
to purchase a tract of land, homesteading in
187^t U>0 acres of good land, which he after-
ward improveil, and made into a good farm.
He lived on this for twelve years, then sold out
his first farm of 200 acres ami again bought,
this time a farm of 400 acres, three and one-halt
miles south of Athena, where ho now resides.

ursrojir of oueoon.

1921

Scploinliei-,

I'\)l)nmi'y,

<'ii>ii, vvliicli

!!• of till! K.

11(1 Medical
V of Cull-

Here he Imti iiyood and valuable fiirin, on vvliicli
he riiiHos grain, devoting all his land to that
proihict, havinif an average of 4,500 bushels of
grain a year.

Mr. Stone was marrie 1 in 1870 to Miss .Fo-
sopliine Perinifer, a native of Kansas, wlio cainu
to Oreiroii witli her parents in 1877. She is
the daiiirhter of John and Car.iline I'eringer.
Five children have been born to .N[r. and N[rs.
Stone, as follows: Oassie Estella, Stephen Ar-
thur, David Taylor, Edward Clitt'ord and one
who died.

Our subject is one of the self-made men of
Oregon, coiiiineneing life as a herd-boy. lie
worked his way up from that hjwiy position to
beinir one of the Legislators of the State, but
has had to work very hard in order to attain
such wonderful results. He is still in the prime
of life, and now enjoys the fruits of Ihh labors,
liarilsliips and early privations. In March,
1802, he received the iioininatioii at the Demo-
cratic convention, held at Pendleton, for the
lioiiorable office of Ueprosentative of Umatilla
county, and in June, of the same year, after a
hard-contesteil electi in, with two other candi-
dates in the field, he was elected by a handsome
plurality, and he will take his seat on the first
Stonday in January, 18'J,^, among the law-mak-
ers of the capitol. where he will serve his con-
stituents to the best of his ability. He served
as volunteer in the Indian war of 1878 in this
State, and was in the battle of Willow Springs,
fought on July ti, that year.

Mr. Stone is a member of the Wild Horse
Lodge, L O. O. F., No. 73, at Athena, and has
passed all the chairs in that lodge.

-*«

**-

fA. STANTON, one of Oregon's respected
pioneers of 1852, now a resident of Or-
o ville, Clackamas county, was born in Clay
county, Missouri, .January 17, 1833. His
grandfather, John Stanton, emigrated from Ire-
land to Kentucky, and was a soldier in both the
_Ilevolntionary aiid Black Mawk wars. Uemar-
'ried Miss Nancy Pealy, and they became the
parents of four sons and three daughters. He
died in his soventy-Iiftli year,and his wife in her
eightieth. He was a boot and shoe maker by
occu|)ation, and in religion was a Uaptist. His
fourth child, Jerry Stanton, was born in Ken-
tucky and reared in Missouri. He married Miss

Mary Smith, a native of Missouri, and the
daiiLflitiir of .Vndcrsoii Smith, of Tennessee.
lie died in Andrew county, .Missouri, in 1847.
She also died in Missouri. They hail nine
children, of whom seven are still livinir, ,1. A.
Stanton being their c)ldest child.

Mr. Stanton was reared in Missouri. His
father died when ho was si.Nteeii years old, and
he was then cast iijion his own r;\sourcos. He
obtained work on the Missouri river as a steam-
boat hand, and in the spring of 1852 started to
cross the plains, having a horse and mule and
working his passage. The party with which he
traveled were harassed by the Indians, but
reached their destination in safety, arriving in
Oregon on tlui loth of Octolier. He came to
Marion county, and for a time worked tor his
uncle, near Silverton. August 29, 1854, he
married Miss Harriet Moser, who was born in
Indiaiia, September 13, 183ti, daughter of
Joseph .Moser, of (Torman descent. Somi after
their marriage, Mr. Stanton purchased a farm
1 of 210 acres in Marion county, on which they
resided from 1S()3 to 1877. They then bought
a place on French prairie, where they lived three
years, and from there, after selling out, they
came to Clackamas county. Hero they pur-
chased a farm of Itio acres, and on it they have
since resided.

Mr. and Mrs. Stanton have had the following
named children: Mary Ellen, who died when
two years old; Isabella, wife of William Murry,
resiiles at Grande ll(jude; ■losephinis wife of 11.
S. Thomas, resides on Butte creek, in Marion
county; Jennie, wife fif F. RIackby, die I in her
twenty-third year; William Franklin, who re-
sides in Clackamas county; Jasper N., who lives
near hia father; Henjamin at home; .Viuanda,
wife of William Woodcock, lives lujar her par-
ents; John A., Willard, and IJlewford.

Mr. Stanton is in politics a Democrat. He is
a reliable, upright citizen, and a good represen-
tative of the ()regon pioneers.

g T^Jtft .1,1 ?<ir Mil 1 I. flfgT %

f\l. ISA.\C STARR, a practitioner at
Brownsville, was born on the donation
claim of his father, on Benton county,
Oregon, in 1854. His parents, Philip M. and
Ann Martha(Rambo) Starr, were nativesof Ohio.
Philip M. was reared upon the farm, but in early
manhood engaged in the study of theology, and

Vi2'i

IIISTOHY OF OlWdoN.

I'litiM't'd the ministry of tlio Metlioditit Cliiiruli.
lie ci'DsxMJ the jihiins with his fuiiiily i" 1^0-4
witli one ox teiiin, i'.\|it'iiiMu^i]ii^ llic usual iiiri-
(ii'iits of tliat iiKidi! ol'traveh l.amiiiii^ in Orc-
{fon ill tlu; aiitmnn, in' IdcutiMi liis iloimtioii
claim of ii^idacius lu'ar Starr's I'oint, now Iviiown
as Monroe, I'cnton county, lie tijiMi joiucd tlie
Ort'ffoM ("orii'crfueo, anil lor twunty- five const'iui-
tive years was enjraj^ed in church work, lit)
served one year us I'l-esidinj^ lOldor of the '.•'ort-
land District, and in 187.S was deloifate to tiie
General Conference at Cincinnati. Siilfering
from a severe full, folhiweil hy a stroke of ]iar-
alysis, he was olilioed to retire in 1880, and now
resides near llalsey, Linn county.

Isaac W. ijained his education at Philomath
College, Henton county. He then entered the
medical department of Willamette University,
^raduatiiig tlicrefi'om in 187'.), and commenced
jiractice at .Monroe. In 1878 he removed to
IJrowiisville where he has since followed a fjen-
eral practice and has Iniilt u|) an extensive pat-
ronnije. Jn 1882 he boufrlit one-half interest in
the di'Uff store of Cr. C. lilakely, and continued
until 1884. when Blakely sold his interest to T.
Forsyth, and the firm Starr & Korsyth ojierated
the store until 18S7, when the Doctor sold out.
In 1889 he started the City Druo Store in part-
nership with (i. (.'. Sranard, and in Feliruary,
18UI), lioiiirht the Stanard interest and has since
continueil alone. lie owns the store projierty,
22 X 110 feet, ami his residence on Main street.

He was married in Brownsville, in 1882, to
Miss Clara ISishop, a native of Linn eoiinty "nd
the daughter oi VV. II. Bishop, a pioneer (d'
1854. To this union has lieen aiided two chil-
<lren, CJhester Harvard and(ieorgia. 'I'he Doctor
is a uuMiilier of the hluo lodge and chapter,
V. \, A. M., I. ().(). 1'., and K. of P. lie is
devoted to his profession, which consumes all of
his time, and he is also interested in i)romotiiig
every enterprise which has the (leveloj)ment of
the city of Brownsville in view.

''^&*'W^''3"^* ' '"

fll ARLES FRANCIS WORTMAX, M. D.,
a practicing physician of Portland, Oregon,
was born Novomher 27, 185i{, and claims
OregoTi (;ity as the iilace of his nativity.

Jacoh Wortman, liis father, is a native of St.
John's, New Brunswick, liurn in 1827, the son

of Fnglish parents. He emij;rated in early
childhoiid to Ohio, and .sul)se(|Uently to Iowa,
being reared to farm life. In ISul he married
Miss Fli/a Stumbo, a lady of (terman descent,
and the followint; spi'ing with ox teams and the
typical "prairie schooner," set out with his
Worldly possessions to cross the plains to Ore-
gon. The train with which he traveled was a
large one and the journey was made in safety
until they reached the up|)*?r Smike rivi>r, where
nuiMV of the company contracted cholera, which
was so jircvalent upon the plains that year. A
brother-in-law of Mr. Wortman and several
other members of the party die<l and were
buried by the wayside. The others continued
their weary journey westward, and arrived at
Portland that fall with very little money, and
no visible means of 8U|)port. Mr. W'ortnmn
settled at Portlanil and first engaged in draying,
but shortly afterward si'ciired etnployment upon
a steainiioat, in which, with Colonel Joseph
Teal, he purchased an interest, and to them be-
longs tlie honor of opening mivigatiou to Eu-
gene City, their boat being the lirst to descend
the river to that point. Mr. Wortman removed
his lamily to Oregon City, and operated upon
the river for several years. He then started a
factory at Oregon C!ity for the manufacture of
straw jinper, l)iit the enterprise was far in ad-
vance of the devehipment of the country, and in
couse(]uence the i)roprietor8 of the establish-
ment suffered heavy financial loss, and in the
phraseology of the country Mr. Wortman found
liimself " dead liroke." Ho then started a small
gi'ocery store at ( )regon City, which lu^ increased
with the development of the town, operating it
successfully for twelve years He then .sokl out
and I'emoved to Junction ('ity, Lane county,
and start(!d a general merchandise store, also
opening a branch store at Monroe, Benton
county, both of which he carried on for seven
years, having a large and profitable trade. Sell-
ing out again, he removed to AIcMinnville,
Yum Hill cf)unty, and engaged in a private
banking i)usiness, which was sui)sO(]uently con-
verted into the First National Bank of McMinn-
ville, of which h(< is president. Mr. and Mrs.
Wortman have four children: John F., a mer-
chant of Portland; Charles Francis, the subject
of this sketch; .Foseph L., a scientist, now em-
ployed as superintendent of paheontology and
geology at (Central Park, New York city; and
Hardy C, who is engaged with his brotlier
-lohn T. in the merchandise business.

l/ISTOin dh' allKdoN.

i9sa

Clmrles V. rt'cuived his oducntion at Ort'f^on

VAty At tliu ai^i) of ui;;liti'iMi liu LMitcred liin
fiitlii-r's tstnjiloy iind Kiili^tMjiieritly liuciime li
pMi'tiuM' in tliu liiisiiichH, coiitiniiiMg iii« hiicIi
until 188(1. II(^ tluMi tiisposfil ot' liir- iiiteit't*t,
went to l'liilu(lcl|)liin and entnird tiio .ItdTerson
Medical Oolli'^'e, where he ffnuhiiitcd in Miirch,
1881, with till' ik'j^ree of M. I). Rituniini; to
Oreijoii, he I'oinnieneed |)iiiclic'e at Monroe, lieu-
ton county, wliere lie reniained tor tlireo years.
Then, ill order to furtlier prepare himself tor
his life '.'. nk, he went to Kurope and pii>^ed two
and a half yearit in the University of Vienna
and the hospitals of Iterlin and London, Htudy-
iiig under the in8triietir)n of private tiitorB in
ordei' to make more rapid advanceinent. lie-
turning to I'ortland in the fall of IS'.M), he
opened an otlice for jreneral practice and, with
his hroad knouledfje and piactical exjierii'nce, in
liotli UKMlicine and surgery, his reputation as a
ekillcii physician was (jiiickly estahlished, and
his success achieved from the very start.

The Doctor is a memher of the V. & A. M.,
K. of P. and B. l\ O. E. lie is a frequent
lecturer hefore the medical <h'|)artineut of the
Willamette Cniversity, luit his professional du-
ties will not [lermit hiiri to accept a pr(jtessor-
ship.

■ ^-^-^

SiRAM J. SMITH, a highly respected citi-
zen of Salem, is a memher of that hon(U'ed
liody of pioneers who came to Marion
county, Oregoii, in 185'2. lie was horn in
Madison comity, Iowa, duly i. 183;}. Ills
grandfather, John J. Smith, was a native of
N'iri^iiiia, liut removed to Kentucky in an early
day; later he went to Ohio, n^ared his family
there, anil died at tiie advanced ai^e of ninety-
three years. Elijah Smith, son of .lohii J., was
horn in Ohio, and married Miss Annie Uiddle,
a native of Ohio; thev were the parents of
eleven children, Ilii-ain J. Iieing the second-
horn. The family immij^rateil to Iowa, and
there our ^uhject passed an uneventful youth,
dividing his time hetween the district school
and the duties that usually fall to the lot of a
farn.er's son. In 1S.'32 his father and the fam-
ily crossed the plains to Oregon, making the
journey with i'\ teams; the ninth day of May
they passed over the Missouri river, and were
heyond the Cascades the 3d t>f the following

Septemher; tliey had a safe trip, and oidy ono
of the company died on the way. The lather
purchased '■JO acres of land, on which ho liviMJ
one wintn , In the spring he ^dd the tract, and
located on another farm of 320 acres of tiovern-
nient land; there he huilt a home, and culti-
vated the lancl for two years; celling it at the
end of that time.; he next purchased (IT' » acres
near Macleay.

When lliinm il. Smith started out to meet
the respiin^ibilitii'- of life, he wa> first I'uiployed
hy the month, Inil in Octoher, 1^.")4, lie went to
\ reka, Si-kiyoii county, California, and engaged
in placer mining; ho followed this business
witii lair success for three years, his hest day
liringiuf* him #100. He next went to the Idaho
mines, where he met with divided fortunes, hut
came away with enough money to buy 200 acres
of choic(< land in the Waldo Hill district; there
he huilt a li -e, improved the laii<l,and devoted
his enerfiies to airricultii i; from 18(iO until
1881; in the latter year he removed to Salem,
but retained the inanagemeut of his ranch. In
1888 he purchased lots an Imilt a handsome
residence at the corner of i'welfth and State
streets.

After the purchase ot his farm, in I8(i(), Mr.
Smiiii was married to -Mis:- Kniily McAlpin, a
native of Indiann. To thiun have been horn
four childreii: lielle is the wife of C. II. llongli-
am; Cora niarrie<l .John Mear; Ida and Jesse
are at home wdth their parents.

Mr. Smith has been a stanch Kejiublican
since the war. and is a man u ho can lie relied
npon after he has taken a position upon any
question, as he possesses the courage of his con-
victions, lie has led a life of industry, and
has secured a comfortable cotnpetency for his
<le(dining years.

- -^-^••^?

lODNEY SCOTT was horn in St. Charles
county, Missouri, in 1812. His parents,
Felix and Ellen (Cansley) Scott, were na-
tives of Virginia and Tennessee, respectively.
Thi>y emigrated to Missouri in 1882, where Mr.
Scott attained prominence and served his county
' in the State Senate for six years, and was also
j elected Lieutenant-Oovernor of the State. With
j his wife and six children he started for Califor-
i Ilia in the spring of Is-l.'), the train of ox teams
I nuniberiug about fifteen wagons and fifty people,

1334

niSTOKY OF OHKnON.

Mr. Scott lieinj{ ulfcti'il fiipliiiM (il' tlie Iraiii.
After six iiiuiitlis of triiM'l llioy IiiimIoiI iit Siit-
tiu'V fort, and passed tiin winter, and in tlio
sjiriiif^ of IS4I) sold llieir waj^ons, and uitii llicir
cattle and puci< lirrseu went liy Imlian trail to
Oregon, direet to Vani Hill eoimlv, and passed
the winter with Joe Watts, in tin,' spring of
1847 tliey returned to Lane county, and localtMJ
on ti4()acres in the forks of the Willaniette river,
and en<;at(e(l in stoek-i'aisinfj. lie iillilt a saw-
nill,arid followed Ininherino; for about two years,
hut in 18HS went to Calil'oinia, and ndneil very
snecesst'ully for a year. Ten years later he re-
turned Kast hy wali'i- to purchase sonic tine
horses, I'etiirning in the spring of 1859 with ox
teams, ten head of horses and two men as help-
tira, across the plains. The journey was nuide
successfully until they reaeluMi the headwaters
of the I'it river, and there they were assaulted
)y the Indian^, inunlered, and the stock stolen.
lie had been a Ueprcscntative to the Territorial
liigislatnre, and in 1H47 he was appointed by
President I'olk to treat with the ln<lian8 of the
Coast mountains.

Rodney Scott was educated in Lane county,
and followed farniinj; and stock-raising, living
with his nrother on the farm. In IHTti he was
nominated and elected to the I.ei;ishiture by the
Kepublican party. Ueinaining u[ion his ranch
until 1880, he then removed to town, that his
children luijrht improve the educational advan-
tages, and he purchased his present residence, on
the corner of Eleventli and High streets. In
18S-1- Mr. Scott was appointed a member of the
Hoard of Regents of the State I'niversity, ami
still holds that othce. In 1888 he was elected
tludge (pf Lane county for a term of four years.
He still owns :{2() acres of the original donation
claim and valuable j.roperty in the city of Ku-
gene, and is one of the representative citizens of
Lane county.

He was married in 1863 to Miss M. li. Isett,
of Pennsylvania. They have two cbihlren; ]\Iiu-
nie and Dora, the latter now tilling the position
of Librarian at the State University.

fLEMMOX (;. SCOTT, a prosperous and
more highly respected farmer of Vain Hill
county, is a native of Indiana, wdiero he was
liorn d uly 1). 18 15. He accompanied his parents
to Iowa in 185:2, where he afterward attended

the |)nblic schools, anil where he coiitiniied to
live until he was twenty years of age, wlun, in
18()r), he came direii to ^ am HiM county, Ore-
gon.

After a year's residence in Oregon, he mar-
ried Miss Mahala \. McCiitchcon, wdio is also
a native of Indiana, and a very estimable lady.

After his marriage ho rented a farm near
Dayton, on which he remained for three years,
when he renleil another of 87") acres, wdiiidi ho
farmed for seven years, and met with very en-
couraging success as a stock and grain raiser.
He received from the latter farm a large yield
of both wheat and oats, which he hauled to Day-
ton and to Portland, realizing on them a very
good profit. In 1874 he punduised his present
farm of ::il5 acres. On this farm he worked
most (tarefiilly and persistently, grubbing it and
cultivatiiiir tiie soil, besides imnrovini'' it with a
substantial residence and barns for his grain and
stock, until, under his able matiiii^ement, it has
become one of 'he choicest and mo>t jiroductive
farms of this beautiful valley. He paid for his
tirst purchase S17 an acre, since which ho has,
from time to lime, as his means permitted,
added to his original purchase, until he now
owns, in one body, 404 acres. His last pur-
chase of 188t acres cost him §39 an acre, and
the whole is now valued at $75 an acre, and is ■
not for sale.

Mr. and Mrs. Scott have three children, all
born in Vani Hill county: James Winticld,
William and Sarah lOlizabeth, all of whom are
graduates of the McMinnville ('olieire, and re-
Hect credit on their educators and the State of
their birth.

Mr. Scott is Democratic in politics, and takes
a very great interest in all the officers of the
county and in the schools. He holds the office
of School Clerk, and, in 1890, received the
nomination for County Commissioner.

He is a member of the A. O. U. W., and takes
a prominent interest in the Cxrange.

He and his wife and three of the children are
ineitibers of the liaptistOhiiAh, of which church
he has been for the last fifteen years a Deacon,
and most active in its behalf. Heaided in build-
ing the church edifice and also in erecting the
college building, both of which are ornaments
to the filace, as well us worthy objects of care,
diifnsing, as they <1<>. knowledge and i.'orality
throughout the conitnuiuty.

He has also erected for himself and family a
comfortable residence in McMinnville, on iin

Htsroiir Oh' (iitKdos.

18'JS

•MtilllKMl to
!■> Vvllt-li, ill

iinty, Ore-

I. Ill' riiar-
'lio Ik iilno
iiilili! lady.
• ■'ii-iii rmnr
lii'Of! yoi«rN,

wlifch lid

1 vnry oti-

■aiii raiMer.

ar^ru yiold

Ito Day.

ii'in a very
it^ pi'fsctnt
H' \V( irked
•iiiir it and
^' it witli a
.riaiii and
unt, it has
|ir()diurtiv(i
lid t'cir Mh
'di ill! has,
luTinittcd,
il ho now
last piir-
I acre, and
ere, and is

ililren, all
Winlield,
whom are
e, and ro-
e State of

and takes

ii"s of the

file oUico

sived the

and takes

Idren are
ill cliundi
I'eacon,
in Iniild-
i-'tin^ the
•nainents
of care,
i>'orality

famil_j'
. on iin

attractive Bite, botli hoiiee and siirroiindin^fH !)e-
in^f sn^jj^chtive of cidliire and taste.

Thus, honutftly and iierheverinj^ly, he haa
carved out his fortune from the nafiinil advan-
taM;es of this lieailtifiil and productive eommon-
weallh,thaM which there was never a more j^dori-
ons one in the worhl. In acconiplishini.' this,
however, he has never foi'feited the ^ood-will
of his nei(^id)orrt, hut enjoys, iindispntodly, their
lushest respect and eBteeui.

fiCOKGP: W. t^TAVKH.oneof the foremost
developers ■'' ;ne ajjrienltiiial husinivss in
the j.'r<-.t iSorthwest, a pojudar citizen of
Orejron's heautifnl metn. polls, and a compaii-
ionahle j^entlenian, wr.s horn in Center county,
I'ennsylvunia, in.lSiiO. His parents, I-'rederick
and Kehecca (McKesson) Staver, were also na-
tives of tlie Iveyetone State, hoth leinj^ de-
Bcended from old and honored residents of that
State, whose ancestors tijrui'ed in colonial times.
IJis father followed ajfricnllural |)ursuit8, re-
moving from his native State to Illinois in
1854; and, thence, in 1JS55, removed to (Ireen
county, Wisconsin, where he now resides in
peace and comfort, after an active and useful
career.

The subject of this sketch was educated in
the public schools of his native county, and re-
moved with his parents to Illinois. ' In ISfil
he entered Warren Academy, at Warren, the
latter State, where he was scarcely installed he-
fore the country was rent with civil discord.
Fired with patriotism, he hastened to offer his
services to the country, and, in September,
1H()1, eiLlistcMl in the Fifth Wisconsin I'attery,
and re-enlisted in ISfi4, nntil the close of the
war. His service was in the Department of the
Cumberland, and he was enj^aj^eil in the battles
at Farmington, I'erryville, Stone IJiver, Chicka-
mangii. Missionary Ridfre, and, under (ieneral
Sherman, participated in the bottle at Resaca,
following that (ieneral on his summer campaitrn,
making the final march to Washington, where
he took p.irt in the grand review. lie was
then honorably discharged, after three years and
nine and one-half months of faithfu' .^iid ef-
ficient service.

On liis return to his home, he becaim a
victim of Cii])id's wiles and inarried a tnos'
charming lady. Miss Sarah \. Thorp, at Clarno.

(Jreen county, Wisconsin, in thinuary, 18tJ(i, of
which Stale she wiH a native. Locating on ii
farm, he followed agricultural pursuits for alxiut
two years; atter which, he rt'irioMMJ to Nashua.
Iowa, where he engageil in mercantile business
for three yeiirs. lie then returned to Wiscon-
sin, locating in Momne, where! he engaged in
the hardwMie ami agriiidtural implement busi-
lU'ss. the latter of ,\. I. Case & C!o.'h man-
ufacture, lie continued to follow this occupa-
tion successfully until .lanuary, li^TH, when ho
sohl out and entered the employ of .1. I ('as(<,
as a traveling sale.<nuin, with a route through
Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, KiMitucky ami
Texas, in .laumiry, 1S7'.I, he was sent to I'ort-
I lanil, ( >rrgoii, as manager of the .1. I.<'nse&
j Co.'s au'ency, which he conducted successfidly
I for two years. In Febrnaiy. ISSI, he or-
ganized the firm of Staver it Walker, pinrhas-
ing the agency of J. I. Caso&Co., and adding
■ other lines of goods, until he had a com-
|)lete stock of farm and sawmill imichinery,
1 wagons, buggies, etc. With these he built up
\ an extcnsivt! trade, established agencies through-
out ( )regon, Washington and Idaho, realizing
from these various sources a hands(une iiKrome.
In 1887 this business was incorporateil uii<ler
the name of Staver it Walker, who, in January,
1892. sold their branirh honses, merchandise,
etc., to the corporatirtn of .Mitchell, Lewis it
Staver Company, in which Mr. Staver rt^tiiined
liis position of viee-jtresident and ti(>asiirer.

Mr. and Mrs. Staver have tour intelligent and
promising children: Fraiddin, Ida Thor|), .lohu
Frederick and Klla Hannah.

Mr. Staver is intensely public-spirited, as is
witnessed by liis wide and varied coiiiu^ction with
nnnerous social, ecliicational, charitable and re-
ligions institutions. He was one of the most
active organizers of the (xartield Fost, (i. \. li.,
in which he takes a prominent part. He is a
trustee of both the Willamette and Portland
Fniversities, being elected trustee of the fiu'iner
in 1887, and of the latter in 1891, having been
a prime mover in the hitter's (U'ganizatioii. As
a useful member of the First Methodist Kjtisco-
pal Church, has served as Trustee and President
of the Board for many years. He was for four
years President of the Portlatid Methodist Hos-
pital, during which time their new hospital was
erected at Sunnyside. For six years he a 'ted as
president of the Pacific Christian Advocate, until
the pajier was taken in charge. May, 1892, by

trie pajier was taken in ci
tile Meihodist Conference.

laao

HlSTOHY OF OHKOON.

m I

\}m

'M 1

hi ; !;lk:

It Ik i^riililviiif; til litiil u MKiii uIki ciiii anil
u ill turn iiHiilcfnnn luoiicy inakiiij; tn K<i(itii(; siif-
ft'i'iii;; limmiiiitj anil lift iip liin titllow-incii. Tlio
i^'itlcr iiii-i sliuw III' wdi'Idly |)i)s>*f.ssioiiH tooot'ten i
liliiiil (Mir siirjit to tin; greatiii' pD.ssesnioiis lio-
voii'l, onlv atliiiimlile l)_v l'iilfilliiii( our iliity to
iiiankiiiil ami (iod.

fOllN V. STKKFE.Washipl.iiil.kMat North
l'(ji'tlaiiil, ouiirt and operates oiu; of the
laruent sliip yai'dn of tlio Xortliwost. He
was lioi'ii in (ii riiiaiiy in 18-t"^, ami spunt his
i;arly youth upon a t'ann. He was ajjpictiticcd
to a sliipl)uildcr at Iiiih(!(' to loarii the siiip-cai'-
pcnlers' tiade, and after four years of servieo
he entered the Prussian navy-yard at Daiitzic,
where he followed his vocation until November,
ISd'l. He then ship|)ed as carijeiiter upon the
(iernian hri^antine Volador tor Alanzaiiithi. but
left the vessel at N'alparaiso in .Inly, 1S65, and
re-shipped iijion the Aineriean iiarze Dolphin
f'.)r l^altiinore. lie next sailed iijion the Anier-
iean sliip t'owpor for Japan, and, after visiting
the important |)orfs, he returned to the United
States with ;iS4C!hiiininen, who were landed at
ISan I'Vanciscii in .lune, 18(i8. Mr. Steffeii then
followed his tra<k' in the navy-yard at \'allejo
until the sjirino; of 1870. when he came to Cort-
land. After two your-- with the t ). S. X. Com-
pany lie started a Bhiji-yard at the foot of ( May
street, and engaged in the buildino; of river
boats for freight and passenger service. The
first vessel e«iistru(''ed was tlie ^laria Wilkins:
she has served iier day and be<Mi relej^ated to
the '• boneyard."

With rapidly ine"i.asinu; business additional
space w'as ve,|niied, and in 18T-f Mr. Steffen
ojieiied anotlier _,ard at the foot of H street,
and that year secti-ed his first (Tovernment con-
tract to build the United States revenue cutler
Thomas Corwiri, which is still afloat, a vessel
of great speed aiel excellent construction. With
the growth ol the city the sliip yards were
crowded to the ■iilmrbs, and in 1H81 Mr. Stetfen
removed to his present location in North Port-
land, where be has ;{(M) feet water frontage, and
ample space I'or his yards. He keeps an aver-
age force of sixty men constantly employed.

Among the 100 and more steantboats, barifC.s
anil tugs whi(di he has constructed those de-
serving of esiiociul mention are the I.uriine,

Willamette (Ihief, Occident. ( )rient and t )ceun
Wave for river work; the .1. F. Potter. Sea
Home and Victoria are upon the sound. .Ml
are stanch, sea-worthy boats, the last iiamecl be-
ing one (■;' the most miii;niliceiit ve>sels upon
the eoant. The .Vlliaiice. Vrillipan and the tug
boat I'ilot are still in active service. In 1890
the (Jeorgia Oaks was built upon Cceur d'Alene
lake, in Idaho, for passengei' service.

Mr. Steffen was married in I'ortland in 1873
to Miss Laura K. (iallosvay, ami they art; now
the parents of four children: Lorena. V.W-a May,
Freiiirick K. and Margneriti;. Mr. .'^teflen has
taken an active interest in the Masonic fratern-
ity, ill wliicli he lias taken the thirty-second
degree. For twenty years he has been engaged
in the art and industry of shiplniilding. and
has carried the business to a high degree of per-
fection. A dull season is a stranger to him.
and the fact that he is always pressed with work
is the best evidenct of his skill and the iiiteir-
rity and honesty of his methods.

-^'-«

^^^■'T^

ICIIAEL STEFFEN, one of Portland's
reliabh" merchant tailors, is a native of
the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, born
on May 18, 184:4. His father, Jo.seph Steft'en,
was born in Prussia, Germany, and married
Miss Ann Steffen. a native of (Termany. having
his own name liul no relation. They came to
the United States in 18;?!' and settled tirst in
Detroit, Michigan, then in Cleveland, then in
Chicago, Illinois, and finally they removed to
Sheboygan, Wisconsin, where he died. They
had eight children, tive of vvhtjiii are now living.
Michael Steffen was raised in Sheboygan and
went to school there, lie learned the trade of
tailor in Milwaukee, and .Vpril 3S, I8rt2, re-
s|ioiided to the call of President Lincoln for
troops, enl'.sting in ('oinpany (-i. iMghteentIi
United States Infantry, and fought three years
in the Union army. Department of the Poto-
mac. He was in the battles of Hoover's (iap,
Ciiickamauga and at the siege of Chattanooga,
and was one of the heroes of Missionary Uidge,
where the good army of the Republic wrote one
(rf the most brilliant pages in the history of tlie
country and coveveci themselves with glory.
Aftin' the battle they pursued the enemy to
Kinirtrold. Here Mr. Stetfen was taken with
ill-])ox and remained at (Jluvt.tanooga

the sn

'.mmm^

msm.

lll.^TiH;) OF i>l;h'ilil\.

1*57

aii'l Ocean
'i.ltcr. Si-a
.1111(1. All

Millllt'il 1k'-
"^^^('ls ll|>()ll
Mil tlu' tllfr

in isyo

iir d'AltMie

until till- .'Idkc (if till! wiir. Me cam.' out ol llio
j^jifiit >trifi' wirlioiit a ^oratcli, ami was iKMiDca-
bly clis{'h;ii'i;t'<l at Ldnkniit Mniiiiliiin mi A|iiil
'is, IS()5. Ht^ ii^ireij tu liis Ikmiu- ami <'''i'i j^rd
in biifiiiesg, and in 1879 lie came to I' ••'md,
ami waiJ for f<nir years enlter foi' tiie liiin of
Fislie! >\: l{t)l)ert.s, the leadinj^ cliitliinj^ lionne of
l\>rtlan(l. Since then lie lias cut lor and lirei
connected with the most nroinincnt house- c^f
Poi'tlaiid. In August. l8iU, lu ii|iened lii«
present merchant tailor husines!;, where he has
experienced workmen ami a good stock of im-
ported cloths. Mr. Stert'en has had lonj; expe-
rience in the Inisiness and is reliable, as well a»
artistic in his work. lie is liiglily deserving of
the nice business that, he enjoys from the best
citizens.

He wv.s married in 1880 to Mary < >"l)ea of
Massachusetts, and they have a d(»liglitfiil home.
They have a daughter whom they have named
Irene. Mr. StefTen is rather independent in jioli-
tics and is a worthy inembei' of the (I. A. li.

—rg^i

■m:^^^^^

UTRTIS C. STROXG, M. I)., came to the
Northwest Territory, formerly known as
Oregon, in lS4rit, and now rejiresents the
medical profession us the oldest continuous jirac-
titioner of the city of I'ortland. Ili.« father,
Judge William Strong. deceased, for inanvyears
filled a prominent place in the pulilic alfairs of
Oregon and Washington Territory lie was
descended in the .seventh geinM-ation from KMer
John Strong, of Xortlianipton, Massachusetts,
who arrived in New England in ICJO.

Judge Strong was born at St. Albans, Ver-
mont, July 5, 1817. He was giadnated from
Yale in 1S38, and afterward went to Cleveland.
Ohio, where lie taught school and studied law.
After his admission to the bar he be;;an the

Flractice of his ])rofession in this city, where he
ived until .lannary, 1850. He was married at
(ioshen, Connecticut, October 15, 1840, to Miss
Lucrctia Robinson, a daughter of William Pitt
Kobinsoii, of Xew Haven. Illinis.

In 1849 he was appointed As.-oeiato Justice
of the Supreme Court of Oregon Territory, and
with his family embarked, in January. 1850. on
board the I'nited State:" ship Sup|)ly

The Supreme Court was held in those days at
Oregon City, then tht capital of the Territory,
and upon its removal to Salem Judge Strong

and Chief .lustice Nelson declineil to admit the
lei;ality of the act, and the court conlinned lo
sit at Oregon City. Tli(> judges recei\cMl their
share of critieii-m, and e\en abiiNC, but nniin-
lained their position with firiiiness and dignity.

I and, tluuigli the advoi ite-nf the lemovid linally
triiimplied by congressional action, no luu; to-
day thinks ot i|uesfii)ning the integrily or
abilit\ (if the eonrt

I'y the division of the Terr it "ry in ISoJi .linh'e
Strong became a eiti/.iMi of Washington Terri-

I tory. In 1858 he was appointed (Jnitecl States
District .lii'ige for Wasliini,'ton Territory, and
reimiiried on the bench until 18(tl. He re-
moved with his faiiiiiy to I'ortlaiid in iK*!:.', ami
there resided unt;', his death, .\pril 1<», IMsti,
i>uriMg the last four years of Lis life he reliii-
(]iii;-he(l his professio'ial diitie~. From l.Sti2
until the dissoluf ion o'' the Oivgow •■team Navi-
gation (Company he muh its legjii art. Iser. Hu
was one of tlie prime •overs is the organiza-
tion of the Library Assi^Mrttion of this city, and
was for teveral years its vice-president. He
was president of the liar .Association during its
brief continuance as an active lioily, a position
to which he was ent:"lei|, both by seniority and
rank in his profession He was an ardent friend
of the Indian, one for whom the red muii IwkI
great respect and wh'se eoutis«'ls were alwaj*
heeded. For two years previous to his death In?
lived a widower, his cvcellent wife having been
called to the other lite .November '>. iHH-i.
They were the parents of eiglii'' chlld.iu'n. two of
whom died in infancy: Dr. Curtis C Stroiii:,
Frederick K. and Thomas N . lawyer-; Williinii
il., Ellen and Caroline, all living in Portland.
The Judge's career as a lawyer wa»> a most suc-
cessful one, and as an :!dviser his ci>nii-el was
highly esteemed.

Curtis ('.Strong was bom in Clevehii.d. OL ".
December ~!, Is48, but, having been bnmjjht to
the Pacific coast during his infancy, his »^rlie>'t
recollection is of ( atlilamet. wlnre he lived intrtut
fourteen years of age. In 18()2 h* caii.tie to
Portland, and attended the city sel«*»l- luitil
1867, when he entered Marietta Cwileijt; at
Marietta, Ohio. The president d' rhi» iiistitm-
tion. Prof. Isaac j\ndrews, was ;i c<>n«t»ction of
the family. He remaine! there until ls('>9,
when he went to liutf'alo. .Xew York, ami in
1870 he began the study of ine«licine under tiie
jiri^ceptorship of Dr. Milton (r. Porter. He
then took two courses of lectures in the medicHJ
department of the Fnivers-tj of Ruflalo, and

\^\\^X''i

■n

Vi-M

HlarOHY OF (iumo\.

f! lij

.'iffcrwanl c'ltorod Belloviic Hospital .Nfediriil
(Uilli'^rc. New York, from whieli \w was j/racl-
imti'il ill 187:2. IJctiiniinj^ to I'<]rfiiiii(l Ik- lic-
gmi his jinirtirc. wliich lii' lias I'lillowtMl uiiltout
iiilfrniptioii.

In 1S74 lie WHS Olio of th<! oi'f^iinizcrs of the
Oret^on Stato Medical Society, aii<l was ekvted
tlir first -I'l'ictary of this hody, tilling tin' office
fur ten years. To him is lar^'cly diit^ the credit
of the i'oiiiidiiig of the medical department of
the l'ni\ersitv of ()ieL;on, which wa'^ or<^aiiized
ill .lime, 18s7. He is idsf) the secretary of tlii.s
di'|iartmeiit. This is the leadiiiff iiK.'dical school,
and ifl rapiilly raisinj; the standard of the medi-
cal profession throughout the Ni)rthwe.''t. Since
the i'oiindinjj; of the Good Samaritan Hospital
ill lH7i5 Dr. Strong has lieeii on the int-dical
staif, lieiei.' thefir^t and for many years the cnly
meiiilicr of the staff.

lie was married in I'ortland in 1874 to Miss
Alice Henderson, and four children hav(> been
horn of the union: Alice, Frederick H., Kohert
H. and Stuart II. l)i-. Strong Is a lueinlier of
the Masonic order, lieloiigiiig to lodge No. 55,
A. F. & A. M. He is one of the directors of
the Oregon I'ioneer Association, and is jiresident
ol the Coliimhia River Centennial Celehration
Siiciety. He is the owner of coiisideralile val-
iialile I'eal estate in Portland, and, while he in-
vests hie surplus means in this way, his atten-
tion is Dover diverte<l from his j)rofes8ion into
a eoinmeroial channel. He is a practitioner of
rare ahility and skill, and i.^ a devoted student
of the science.

|^AI!\'EV C. VK,\TCH, who is engaged in
SMI agricultural pnisiiits, one-half mile north
*!^( of ('otlage (trove is a native of the State
of Illinois, born in White county, in 1828.
His parents, Isaac and Mary (Miller) Veatch,
were liorn in K(Uitucky and South (varolina, re-
spectively; in ISDi they emigrated to White
county, Illinois, and continned agricultural pur-
suits. Mr. X'eatch also built a saw and grist
mill, both of which were operated by horse-
power. He earned on these enterprises until
1845, when he removed to I5looinfield, Iowa,
where he resumed agrioultiiral pursuits, which
he followed during the remainiler of his life.
Harvey (.]. Veatch remained with his parents
until I85;{, when ho said '• farewell " and started

to Oregon, taking his passage as helper to S. H
lvno\, who crossed with a nnmln'r of wagons
and 10(1 head of loose cattle. The trip wa^ a
(|uict. |)eacefiil one. and they arrived in the
Willamette valley in September. Having jiassed
the winter near .Vlbany, in the spriii;^ of 1854
they came to Lane county, where Mr. Veatch
locate 1 his donation claim of H20 acres, north
of Co'tage (ti'ove.

He was married, in December. 1854, to Miss
Margaret .1. Kno.\. the <'ldest daughter of S. li.
Knox. The year follnwing his marriage, and
,dso in 185(1, he was engaged in the Indian war,
being a member of the company of Captain'
JJiioy. He was in the service 110 days, and
particijiated in .-icveral engagements. When
peace nas declared lit^ rerurned to his farm, and
has since devoted his energies to agrici'ltiire.
He is one of the few who still hold original
claims. His first house was made of hewn logs,
but later was replaced by a more imposing
structure. By purchase he has increased his
estate to 680 acres which is well stocked with
fine graded cattle, Cotswold sheep and Angora
goats. There is a fine orchard of iiii.\e(i fruits,
bearing ah indantlv.

jMr. and Mrs. x'eateh are the parents of a
family of seven children: Samuel 1'.; Oliver;
I{<isetta, wife of (icorge ('. Millci'; Harriet,
wife of William Magee; Sophina, wife of Rob-
ert Mosebv; Kva J., who married K. Holder-
man; and Elhaiian. Mr. Veatch belongs to the
Masonic fraternity, ami is a member of the
(yiinibeiliiiid I'resbyterian Church. He has filled
one term as ('oiinty Commissioner, but he has
never sought public office or honor. His faith-
ful wife, the companion of his youth, is still
living, now sharing the enjoyment of the piesent
with the same grace and beauty of character as
in the earlier days, when she imparted strength
and courage for the severer duties of life.

The father of our subject died at the age of
ninety-three years. He rearcl a family of six-
teen children, twelve of whom are still liviiitr,
the eldest eighty-one years of age, and the
youngest forty-eight.

Son. IRVIN LFCAS SMITH, a prominent
business man of Forest (trove, is a native
of Ohio, born .May 16, 1827. IIi» father,
Thaddeus Smith, was liorn in New York, and

KIMH

iiisTonr OF intKnoN

rKii

ler to S. H
I if wai^oiiri

trip wi^^ a
■(f(J in tlif

irifr |)iintied
ij,' of l«5-i
tfr. Veatch
creti, north

liis anc('.-.ti>rs softlcd in tliat State |ir('\iiiu- in
tlie licvdlntiiin. He niarriiMl ALi.-.s Mai-y iin.-.-.
till! dauiflitcr of the l{ev. AloxaiuK-r li^l^s. Of
four cliiliircn horn to tiieni, two survive: Manly
Levi, anil I. L.. the hitter heiiif? the cuhjeet oi'
tliis bketeli, who was l)orn in thi' sanu' State,
and who was the ehie.-t ehild. Ili^ motiier died
wlion he was six years old. and his lather mar-
ried Miss Mariraret Sclireve. of Illinois. To
this union were added nine eliildren, of whom
seven are livinir. Ilis father continued to re-
side on his larm until the time of his death,
and J[r. Smith was reared anil educateil in that
State. He learned tlie tnnle of earjienter and
cahinet-maker. and in Illinois he euffairi'd in
contractino- and huihiincr. Later he was in the
furniture liusiness. until the civil war hurst
U[)on the country; when the demand for men
lieeanie great; in 18t)3, to fill up the hrolicn
raidis of the Union army, he enlisted in Com
])any H, ^'iuety-fourtll V\)lunteer Infantry,
ami he served in Mi.-souri, and participated in
the hattle of S|irinnHeld. He was at the tak-
inir of Vickshuro;, was then sent to N'ew Orleans,
and fi'om there to Hrownsville, Texas, and as-
sisted ill the ca|)ture of Fort Morgan and Mo-
hile. They then retired to (Jalveston, and were
there when news of the surrender of Lee ar-
rived.

Mr. Smith was sick in tlus summer of this
year, and the result of it was that his hearint;
was impaired, and he never fully regained it.
When he was niu.ster*^d out he I'c.turned home
and resumed his husiness, and renniii.ed there
until 1870. In that year he went to Forest
Grove, and engaged in contracting and huild-
inju;. lie huilt the Ladies' Hall of the I'acitie
University, a splendid edifice, and also huilt
many of the hest residences in the city and all
<iver that city nniy he seen credital)le evidciu'cs
of his industry and skill. In 188(1 he engaged
with Mr. Buxton in the furniture husiness. later
Mr. Buxton retired, and he look his sont; into
the I)n8ine.s8 with him. That same husiness
has hecomo a great husiness. He is also en-
gaged with others in the sash and door factory,
and he is also engaged in tarniing.

In 18-ty he mniTic^d Mi>s Mjirgaret Matl..rs,
of ()lii<i. and the daughter of .lames and Kliza
Mathers. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have had four-
teen children, of whom four died in infancy.
Their daughler Mary djed in her twenty-sec-
ond year. Of the idne still living there are;
James L., in linsiiiess with his father; Flora,

now .Mrs. .\rvid Hinnnin ; < iev . <i'.. resides at
'I'iilamook; LImer K., in \Viishinj;ion ; Kslher
.1 . was thewil'etd' Mr. Irank Kane, luit Aw i.-
now a widow and a teacher; Willie II., is in
Fore-t (irovciu husiness; l.illie i>ay is a .-uc
cessful teacher of music; I'Ved lioss is a clerk
in his father's store, and Carrie is at her
lunne with her pa.'-euts. .Mrs. Smith, who ha^
he.-n his faithful wife for forty-thiee years, is
still livinir.

Mr. Smith is a Kepuhlican in politics, and
has sei'ved on the City Council, and has hecn
! twice elected to the State Legislature, lie is a
charter meiidier of the (i. \. K. Post in l''ore.st
Grove, and is also a worthy memher of tlu' Ma-
sonic order. He is a valued memher of lie
Methodist ('hurch of which he has heen a Trus-
tee, Steward, (Jlass-le.ailer, and Sutniay-school
Superintendi'iit. He was one of the numher
who served on the huilding comniitt(M' when
they erected a new church. It cannot hi' said
that Mr. Smith has lived for himself alone, as
he has heen all his life dtivoted to the hest in-
terests of the town in which he has lived for so
long. He has made in.'iiiy friends hy his uji-
right, honest, manly way of performing the
husiness iiitrusted to him.

fT. SMITH was horn in Monroe county,
Tennessee, in 18;-34-, whei-e his gi'and-
» father settled prior to the Uevoltitionary
war, and after defending the country of his
ado|)tioii against Great ISritaiii, he settliMl to an
agricultural life, and lived to the n\>K old ago
of ninety-four years. The father of our siih-
iect sold out his interests in Tennessee in 1852,
and with his family emigrated to (irand Prai-
rie, (ireeno county, Missouri, and there engaged
in farming, hut was more extensively interested
ill the stock husiness until his death. Nine
cliildren were horn to this union, P. T. Smith
heiiig the youngest ehild. He was rjared upon
the fiirin, and early inclined toward the stock
husiness, in which he was cliiefly engage'! after
reaching Missouri.

In )8.");i he was purchasing agent for Messrs.
Whitlock & Steward, and. in 18.")4. with a hand
of 1,(KKI head of cattle, they set out to cross the
plains to California, our suhject heing ont of
the drivers, rnd also detailed i.s hunter for the
party, thus v orking his way across. The trip was
inaile in four monthsand twelvedays, arriving at

I'i-

laao

IlLSTfUlV OF OUEOON.

S.-icruim'tito valley, where!, iil'tcr six iiioiillirt in l';it-
ti'tiiiii;, tiiestoc'k wiirt Hidi] (ml. Soiiii after liisiir-
I'ivnl Mr.Sniitli wont to the mines on nettle Ornfk,
Shitstii county, ami in that hjcality lie followed
jihicer inininii for ahout four years, witlioiit
t-triliini; iniv rieh " leiul." lie then went to the
I'rasei' river mines in Uritish C'oliimliia, but lie-
eause of tlu! larj^e emir;ration, the rivi^ was
ovcr.-toekiMl, prices of livino; were very hio;li,
ami sniiject rclMrned to ()ri!i;on. lie then pnr-
chii.-iMi l.")t} acres of the 1). S. Sonthmayd do-
nation claim near the present town of St. John's
Town, and "Misraf^jed in the loirainif business,
which he followed successfully for thirteen
years, investiiio his savino-s in other lands until
'he owned lt;,0()() acres, 'lie also built 400 feet
of dock upon thii river, and I'ngaj^ed in the wood
biisliit^ss, supplying the river steamers with
fuel.

Aliout 1872 he began tradino- in stock, aud
starteil a dairy of twenty cows, wdiich was grad-
ually increased to sixty cows, and i.s still con-
tiiHied under the manaj^ement of his son, Henry
W. Mr. Smith is also enijaired in raisiuix
horses, and some very choice stock. He has re-
duced his lauded interests to 1,000 acres of
farm land and rnnge for his horses and cattle.
Beside his dock he owns forty rods of valuable
water front helow St. ilohn's. He laid (df Smith's
addition to the town of St. John's; built his res-
ideiute there in about 187(j, aud there he still
resides.

Ho was married in Multnomah county, in
isr)2, to Miss Mary J. Wiude, a daughter of
John Wiiide, wlio crossed the plains in lS5;i,
and took iii) his donation claim in Multnonudi
county, lo the above union has been added
nine children, seven of whom survive: Henry
W., Fraidi. Sarah (i.. Mary A., Etlie L., Philip
A. and hi/zie 1'. Mr. Smith has taken no lively
interest in jiolitics. e,\cept to help maintain hon-
est elections, and as School Trnateoto aid in ad-
vaticiufr ''ducntional facilities. His life has been
one of activity, push and entorjii'ioe. and liis
success is but the just reward of intelligent, hon-
est labor.

IWKN SrMMKKS, Lieutenant-Colonel of
the First Regiment, Oregon National
<!^ Guard, is a a native of Broekville, Canada.
lie was born June 1;}, 18.")0. His parents were
from the north of Ireland, and were (jf Scotch

an<l Hiiglish descnt. SubscMjuent to their mar-
riage thi'y cnigruted to Broekville. and there
Mr. Summers enga^e<l in the inatuifacture of
boots and shoes. Later removing to('liicago,
he engaged as foreman in the same occupation
until thegrtiat choleraepidemic of 1857, wiie!i he
was striken down, and called to the other world,
leaving a wife anil four small children. Owen
being the second child. .\.s the fauiiiy w.is left
in reduci'il circiimstance.s, Oa-oii, thougii but
seven years old began to try and help his mother
in her struggle to keep the wolf from the door.
He ran all the errands he could find to do (hir-
ing vacation and did light chores for his boanl
during the school terms, with the pi'ivilege of
iitteruling sclio d. So he struggled along until
18(50, when he secured a pot^ition with a larmer
for lioard ami clothes, with school privileges
during the winter. Here he continued until
Februarv 2'2, IStio, when he enlisted at Dixon
in Oomjiany II, Third Illinois Cavalry. Hcini;
so young his acceptance was only accomplished
through per.-istent effort and the intervention
of a rennsylvunian Dutchman wh'im he induced
to act as his guardian, and so consent to his
enlistment. The regiment was veteran, but re-
cruits were iiee<led to 1ill the rank.-i, and after
joining the command they were engaged at
C'hickasaw Bluff, and through northern Tennes-
see, Mississippi and Kentucky, chietly in skir-
mish duty. After the surrender of the Confed-
eracy, this regiment was ordered to St. Louis,
and there refitted and in the fall of 18()."j went
to Dakota and Devil's Lake, to take care of the
Sioux Indians and to protect the iiortlicrti
boundary. Keturning in December, IStiB, they
were mustered out at Springtield, Illinois. Mr.
Summers then returned farming, which he fol-
lowed until the spring of 1871, when he went
to Chicfigo, and with his own teams engaged in
C(Mitract work about the jwrks. During the

LH-eat fire of 1871, he rendered jxreat service in

. . . «

preserving property and in removinjj the sulier-

iiig people. Pie was ap|)oiiited assistant to the
relief coinmittet! in executitig protective meas-
ures. After the fire was sutxlued he contracted
for the excavating about the burned buildings.
In January lie left for (Oregon, and b>:ing
detained in San Francisco, hec«iise of the ice on
the (.'olumbia river,heilid not arrive in I'ortland
until February. Not liking the city, ho retnrr»«Ki
to I'hicago, but again visited San Francisco, and
ther(! (Migaged ii\ a paint and oil manufactory
as cK'rk, and remained thei-e until February,

/iisninr (•!'• (H!h:i,(>\

Vi:n

) their luar-
Hiiil tliiiro
iifiicliiro ol'
to ( Miiciiifo,
iioi"ili)iilii>ii
57. wiien ho
■thiM- wiirld.
ih-eii. ( )wcii
ily w.i^ li/t't.
h(iiin;h liiit
Ills iiiDthor
[i) tlin <l')()r.
I ti) (h) il\ii-
)!■ his liiiiii-d
privilc;^!' of
aloiif^ until
til a larintT
I priv'legu.s
iniK'ci until
iJ iit Dixou
Iry. Bt'injr
•coinplislu'd
ntoi'vciiticiii
I he i ml need
nent to his
Tan, l>nt re-
■i, and after
'ingiigud at
em Toniies-
etly in skir-
tho Oonf'ed-

St. Louis,
18(55 went

care of the
3 northern
, 1 S(i5, they
in(ii><. Mr.
licli he i"ol-
len he went
entrained in
During the
U serviee in
r the siilfer-
stant to tlie
etive ineas-
e eontra<^ted

1 buildings,
and b';ing

r tlui ice on
in I'ortland
he rotnnnxl
ancifco. mid
II iinu factory
Feliriiary,

187'.>, wlien lie reliinuMi to I'nrthiiid, Ore-
gon. and foniicd a jiarlner!-iiiii witii iiis iirntlu'i-
in-liiw, J.C. ( ''ds, under llie tirni name of ( Hds
A: Siiniinei'K. I'iiey rented ii sniall iiilev, 5x:i(l
f<'t't, whioii tiiey fitted ii|) with liricl^ front ami
tin roof to coiii|ily witii tire ordinance, and llicii
e!*tal)li»licd tlie nucleus of their ]iresent lar^e
and .successful liiisineHs. Starting witii a stock
of common crock(M'y ware, t;lass and laiii|is, lliey
kejit abreast of tlie rapidly increasing business,
and, in 1882, tliev renteil a store adjoining,
2").\7(l feet, where thev reinaiiie<l until tiie fire
of 188(1, whicli swept upon them from adjoining
buildings. Immediati^ly rco|ieiiing in rooms
near by, tliey continiieil until .lanuary, 1887,
when tluv retnrneil to the original location,
corner of First and Yarn Hill streets, and in
April, 1890, they removed to their present tine
store at 18!( mid I'.ll First street, occupying four
tUxu's, oO X KM) feet each. Tiicy liave a work-
ing surface area ei|iuil to any similar store on tlie
coast. Tliey carry an extensive stock of im-
ported cliina, cut and domestic glass, tine silver-
iilated ware, lamps, tixtnres and the leading
faience. The wares are chiefly imported from
France, P^iigland and (iermany, direct from the
inaniifaeturers.

Mr. Summers was married in Portland . I ul\
21), 1880, to Clara Tcin|)erancc Olds, a native
of Oregon, and daughter of (ieorge Olds, a pio-
neer of 1830. To the union has lieen ijiven one
child, .Owen (rieorge.

Mr. Summers' first connection with tlie Ore-
gon Militia was .May 2ii, 1883, wiien he organ-
ized a company of war veterans, called the
Veteran (TUarcl, and he was commissioned I''ir>t
Lieutenant, .\ Iter the orgauiziition of the com-
pany known as tlw; First Regiment, ( ). N'. G.,
tile Veteran (4iiBrd was enlisted as Company K,
of that regiment. In 188.5 Lieutenant Siini-
iners was appoiiited lieginiental .Vdjntant of
the First Battalion, O. S. M., ami upon the
organization of the First Uegiment O. N.(t., in
.Inly. 18^7, under the new law. Adjutant Sum-
mers was elected Lieutenant-Ojlonel of the First
Regiment. ami was una.iiniously reelected . I iilv
9, 1801. In 188t) (%)lonel Sum'mers was elected
by the Republican party to the 14fh session
of the Oregon iA'gislatiire, and it was through
his personal efforts that the bill for the Oregon
National (iiiard became a law. He was also
instrumental in the passage of the badge bill,
wiiich makes it a misdemeanor for an impostor
to wear the Imdge or lutton of the (t. A. R.

(_!iiloiiel ."^iiiiimers was a nii'iiil' 'r of llie Ti^er

Kngiiic Cnnipanv. .No. o, ol the old vidiinteer lire

: department and I'or three and one half years

I served as tr<'asurer. lie is an active member of

I thelieerge Wright i'ost, (i. A R., ami as I'ost

Coininander and Di'partineiit Comimnider Las

rendered ellicieiit scrvi"e.

Thus briefly is summonc(l up the liir,lorv of
OIK' of I'ortland's active and enterprising citi-
zens, wliiidi should servi; as an exaiiiiile to
every strilgi;ling young man, as herein is shown
the success which attends faithlul, ciin>eieiit ioils
labiir when in'rformed with jieisislent cleler-
miiiatioii.

iSIU'RV Slim/rZ, -me of the most relia-
//KiK ''le and enterprising business men of Dal-

las. ()reg<Mi, lias for years been ideiitilied
with the orowlli and development cd' this city,
it is therefiire with pleasure thai we present a
sketch of his life in connection with bingraphies
of other proiniiieiit ai.d successful men of I'olk
county.

Asbury Shultz was born in Ohio, April "i.'J,
1824, a descendant of (ieriiian ancestors, who
were early settlers of I'eniisylvania. I'eter
Shultz, his father, was biirn in N'ew Jersey;
was a larmer and tanner by occupation; in re-
ligion was a Metlioilist. He ihovimI to Indiana
in 1827, where, after an active and useful life,
he died at the age of seventy-six years. His
wife survived him some time, pai^sing away at
the age of eighty-two. They were the jiaroiits
of eleven (diildren.

December 27, 1846, Asbury SInilt.r was
tinitcd ill marriage to Fliza Oedar: , ;i native of
Ohio, and a daughter of Charier ( ("':iis, a well-
to-do fnriner of that State. TIkv had five chil-
dren born in thi^ I'iast, namely (iertrmle,
(reorgiana, John C, Sanford, and Ollie. In
1861. with his wife ami these ciiildren, he made
a safe Journey across the plains to Oregon, leav-
ing home ,\pril :i(i, and arriving at Dallas,
September 17. Three of their horses died on
the way. Dallas at that time eontaincil only
about fifty inhabitants.

After his arrival here Mr. Shultz worked at
wagon- making, and also bought and solil stock.
For a time he owned a wagon shop of his own.
In 18()r) he purchased forty acres of land, pay-
ing for it SIO per acre. With the growth cif
Dallas this land has been included in the city

1^,

V-l-A'i

UlsrOUY OF UliliUON.

\'-\

1 i ('1

liriiit>. .111(1 wim'il now In- clicap lit >c20() |M!I'
Hci't!. Ill his yoiiHi Mr. Sluiltz Ifuriu'il tlic triir-
pciitfrK' tnulc, iinil iliiriiig tlii' yi"ii's (.)!' liis rt'si-
(li'iicc ill Diillii-i liiif. ii!^ II ciJiitnictoi- mill liuildi'r,
lirc'i 11 |iriiiiiiiit'iit tiicliir ill iiilvunciiii; the i)08t
iritt'i'i!.-ts of i\w town. Wt.' 1ms Imilt sevural
nice rcsiilcMci'n for himself, unci at this writiiiff
(!S'.l:i)is liiiililiiii^ iiiiotlu'i- tine one. IIo Iwis
iiImi liiiilt mill sold niiiiierons residences. He
is ii stockholder in, mid one of the Uiiilders of
the imye woiilen factory now beiiii; completed
ill Dallas, he having superintended il8 erection.

Another child, lOva, was Imrn to Mr. and
^^r8. 8hnltz after their arrival in Dallas. Their
uldet-t child, (iertrlide. is now thi^ wife of Frank
Seahriiii;, and reside^ in Doiii^ias county, < >re-
i^'Mi, (icor^iaiia died in her eighteenth year,
njlii i.N the wife of R. 11. Me,('nrf:er, and Kva,
of Enjii'iie llavter, tiotli livinji; in Dallas, .lolm
('. is niarrieii and is also settled in Dallas.
Sani'ord is married and resides in the eastern
[.'ii't of ( M'egon.

Mr. Shiiltz is a ineinher of the I. O. O. V.
in liotli its hnuiclii's, and in [lolitics lie is a l!e-
pulilicaii.

.gaATlLVN KOONTS SITTON, who came
Wl to Oregon as early as l.s4i{, was horn in
Fnltoii, Callaway county. Missouri, Sep-
teiiilier 2, l^-J."). His father, Fn.nklin Sitton,
was a native of Tennessee, of Seottisli ancestry,
who eaine to America early in the history of
the colonies. II is j/raiidfatlier. dell'ery Sitt.m,
was horn near Nashvillf, Tennessee, and during
the Ilevolutiouiiry struggle aided the colonies
by forwarding horses to the American forces as
iieeiled. AEr. Sit'on's father married ^liss Re-
heeca .\iistiii. who was born in N'irginia, and
brought up in ivenlncky, the daughter of .John
Austin, and believed to be of (ierinan descent,
or, at leiust, partly so. liy that marriage there
were tive children, only two of whom, however,
are now living

Mr. Sitton, whose name introduces this
sketch, was the eldtfit sou of his father's family.
He was brought up in his native State until bis
seventeenth vear, when, with two other young
men, he started on a tri[i to Oregon, and while
on the journey, he. in some unexplained man-
ner, attained the .sobri<piet of •• |)oc," by which
title he has ever since been known. His com
rades were Tom thrown and Jolin Cox. They

came with a wagon to Fort Laramie, ^[r. Sit-
ton drove a team to |'"ort Hall for a Mr. Nance.
Hit(di of the young men had one horse iijiiece;
they obtained pack iiiiiles, and coiiipleted their
journey with them. After leaving Fort Hall
ilr. Brown was taken si(d<, and the others eared
for him as well as they could, and got him
safely through to the Dalles. Here they wen
joined by two young men iiaine 1 Hiitoii. A
horse was ex(diauged for a canoe, and the
Katons and t'ox brought llrowii in it dow.i the
Columbia and up the Wiliauiette to Oregon
City, while Sitlon came across the country with
the animals, arriving after' the others did. . The
good Dr. .Mcl.ouglilin called to see the sick mini,
and exclaimed, >'Tiit, tut! Will yon let a inaii
ilieT' He then sent for a boat and Indians,
and sent I'rown and Cox to Vancouver, to the
care of Dr. Uurkley, where he was taken care
of for four weeks, when he had siitiicieiitly re-
covered to take care of hiimielf. Cox stayed
with him two weeks. The Doctor's charges
were o'lv $~0. which he said the recovered man
could jii'.v when he was al)le. Mr. Sitton says
that too much jiraise cannot be given Drs. ^[c-
Loiighlin and Rarkley for their kindness to the
iininigraiits.

The young pioneers had left their home in
Missouri May 2, l84!i, and Mr. Sitton arrived
at (;)regon (!ity October 15 following. IHs
comrades had been sent, as stated, to Vancouver,
and there he ..tood, a big, rjigged boy, bare to
his kuees, the legs of his trousers having been
worn otf acainst the low brush as he came over
the mountains; his animals were lean and worn
out by the privati(uis of a long journey; and
there he stood leaning against a log, in this
great and comparatively uninhabited country,
when old Mr. (Jertimin walked up to him and
asked, " Do you know Doc. Sitton?" Jle re-
plied, "I am Sitton.'" -'Well, then, C(Mne to
my house and stay with me." Mr. Sitton
thought it would not he right to go without,
telling hint that he had no money. The reply
to that was; "Never mind; none of us have any
money here. Your comrades have beeti here
and have been sent back to Vancouver, to the
doctor, and they told us you were coming, and
to look after you." So they went to the house
together; and as young Sitton sat by the lire,
n'ith his legs bare to his kuees, a stranger asked :
'■ Is that all the pants you have?" Sitton re-
plied: ".My other (dothes are at Vancouver.''
The man replied: " I will give you the cloth for

tllsTOIiV OF iiliKiluy.

lj:i:i

u jiiiir if yiin ciiii t;et tlit'iii iimdc;'" iiiiil tlio
lady ot tliL' house siiid: "I will make tlicm fur
}'oii;" aiul \i\ iiiglit tlie next day lie had his
new ti'uuser.-: on; and there was no ehai'ge lor
any ol' it! Thin kind-hearted hidy Miiil tohiui:
•'My son, you eim go into the jiantry whenever
yuil like, and eat all the l>read itrid meat you
want. I crossed the plains last y(!»r, and I
know how hungry you are." This was in aii-
dition to his regular meals, and is told to ^h()W
tlu^ kind ot j)eo[)le the early pioneers of Orey-ou
wore. Doc. 8ittun could never forget these
kindnesses, and they lielped to nuike hiiu tlu>
great generousliearteil man he is; and h<( hiis
aeciuiiid the reputation of heingom: of the must
hospitable. Ills house is open as a hearty wel-
c<uiie to any one. If one sliouM appi'oacli his
dwelling near meal time, as the writer of this
sketch (lid. Doc would greet him in a loud,
clear toiui: "('ome in and eat dijmer witli ns."
And the man is so cordial, and the welcome so
liearty, tliar one soon Hnds himself in the liouse,
and ill the presence of one of ( )regoii'8 ino.st roj al
pioneers, lie says that when lie lirst arrivec]
in this State he actually ate five or .six times a
day until he was satisfied I

lie iK'gan work here at little jol)s; nia<le
shingles at the month of the Clackamas; De-
cember 1 he came to tlie mouth of the Vain
Hill, stopping at Mr. liabontee's; went six
miles and helped put up a cabin for a young
man and his wife, who were siartinj; out on a
donation claim. Then he was employed by a
Mr. Gray at Salem as a mason tender, in build-
ing tho institute; next he woi-ked in the saw-
mill at Salem until March, IS-l-t; then went to
Astoria, and worked six wet^ks; came Itack uj)
the river and heljHMl build a sawmill; went to
Oregon City and (engaged in a sawmill for the
mission there. Later he proceeded to tho Dalles
after a number of wagons, going up the river
in a canoe and bringing down the wagons
in a bateau l.i longing to Dr. Mcf-oughlin; and
in the autumn of 184-i he came to his donation
claim in Yam Hill county. Charles Kendle
bad taken theclaim, and they " bached "' together
for a time. Kendle desiring to return to the
States, Mr. Sitton bought him out, and at
length excliaiigcd it for tlie ])resent beautiful
farm of ti40 acres, where lie has since lived.

April 22, 1S47, lie married >ri8s i'riscilla
Rogers, a native of Indiana, auddan;;literof Lewis
Rogers, an hotiored Oregon pioneer of lS4<i.
The bride and groom came to their home on

horseiiack. Doc's luittit consisted of a bull'alo
robe and lihinket. aiul his wife hail a feather-
betl anil u srt of cups and saucer>. They had
a teakettle without a cover, a Hudson's I'.ay
frying-pan with a long handle; and her parents
gave lici' UHHiey with which to buy a coH'ee pot;
and with this stinted supply of hoiiseholil goods
this worthy yiniii^ couple .-tiu'leil out in life,
ha]ipy iti each otlier'.^ love.

In the autnnni of iSlK, lured by the discov-
ery of gold in ('alifornia, Mr. Sitton went to
the niiiics, and remained there from September
UTitil i 'hristnias, on the north fork of the .\mer-
icaii /iver, iKMUg (piite Blie.c(^ssful; he and two
others tcirether took out six ounces id' ifold one
day, and in thi^ course of live months Doc had ac-
cumulated .<(1, 20(1, with vvbieii he ret urned home,
by the way of San Francisco, being fourteen
days on the .seta; and ever since then he has re-
mained on his farm, raising principally grain,
and some cattle and horses. His present home
is oil the lands of bis lirst wife, which now is
the property of her children. They are about
to Imild an excellent residence hiu'e. The .situ-
ation is a pleasant one, in which the worthy
jiioneers can spend the evening of life — a well-
siieiit one.

Doc Sitton is not a member of any church,
but is a believer in the I'-ible and Christianity,
and seconds his wife and the neighbors in their
efforts to teach the children of the community
the truths of the Bible, believing that tliey will
make them nobler and iiotter men and women.
He is a Master Mason of long standing, and in
politics is a Democrat, but never a narrow oni>.
lie has never sought or held oflice, but has de-
voted his energies to his tine farm, which has
grown to be very valuable. During his forty-
nine years' residence in Oregon, his honest and
industrloii- life and noiihi generosity have won
for him hosts of friends, and every one who
knows him speaks well of Doc Sitton, tlie [lio-
necr of 1843.

The children by his first wife were: Charles
E., I)i>rn July 0, 1848, iliod April 111, 1890;
Amanda Klle'n, born January 23, 1800, died in
infancy; (Caroline E., born October 21, ISol,
and married L. C. Rogers; Ora Ann, born Oc-
tober 23, 1854, married John McCiillah, and
dill April 4,1881; Ella \V., liorn February
Ifl, i.85S, died March 9 followini;; Harry W.,
born August 11, 1859; Noah H., April 29,
18(53; Fred D„ Fehriiay 2;i. lS(i5; Eldridge
D., September 23, IHCu.

11 :

ViHi

iiiyruuY OH' (i/ih'uoy.

.Iiitic ;J2, IHO'.I. tin- I'liitlil'iil and lnvili^ iinil
iiiihil^fi'Ml iiiotlicr (lictl, ami Mr iSittcm was Ik;
rt'l'l of the wife til' lii> vmitli, .mmI Icl't with ii
lar^t,' yoiiMf^ laiiiily to imic fur. On tlic last
(lay of .lamiary, ISTl.lu iiiai'iicii Mih. Maiy
1-aiii.tiiliii. llic daiij^fhtiT of Micliacl ami Suna
Slifllcy, iionoriMl ( )rfj;oii iiioiieerti of 1848.
iMi'h. Siltuii had two I'liildrcii \<y her tirst lius-
hund: l.cslii; (i.. and Htlie U., now Mrs. l!raw-
hiy. imd liythis latt(;r union tlicrc iiavc hecn Hvo
cliildrcii, viz.: F. Ward. Iiorii Fcliriiary ~f,
1^7:i; I'ratt Iv.. Fctirnary 1. 1875; Minnie (!.,
.hinc ^C). 1S77; .ifnnii' (';., Ftdirnary 20, 1882;
and S<iia S., Ajiril 7,1884. Mrs. Sitton is n
wnrlhy Mil inher of the Christian Chnridi, is an
ranit'.-t Sunday s(diool worki-r, and a most es-
linialilc liidy.

-^<mm^i<i^'>mm

ll.Ll.WI WAU-.VCF T1IA^ FK, ix-
(iovi-rnor of the Stiite of Orcffon, is a
native of New York Stiite, and was liorn
m i.nii!i, l.iviiiirtiton cotinty, of that State, on
Jnly 15. 1827. His father (iidcouThayur. was
a nativt: of Uliode Ishind. His [ifiternal ^'ran<l-
f'lther, (iideon Thayer, was a soldier in the Rev-
olution, and the ancestor of the family eaine to
Aitieriea from Kiii^iand in the early eolonial
times, (tovernor Thayer's fatlier married Miss
Annie Dodge, a native of New York, and a
dan<fhter of Daniel Dodire. They had .seven
childicn, five sons anil two daiifjjhters, of whom
our sidijeet is the only surviving son. He was
raised in western New Y<uk on his father's
farm, was educated in the eomnion sehools and
reail law under the instrnetion of Truman Hast-
ings, a leading lawyer of Roehester, New Y'ork.
hi JIareli, 1851, he was admitted to the bar in
the Supreme Court of the State of New York,
in the city of Roehester. He praetieed law in
Tonawanda and ]5uf}'alo, \ew York, until the
Spring of 1M)~, when he eiiLiirrated to < )r^^on,
wher(i he practiced for a year in Corvallis, 15en-
ton county. In the summer of l8(),-{ he re-
moved to Lewiston, Idaho 1'erritory, where he
)raeticed four years. During his slay in Idaho
10 was elected District Attorney, and was also
elected to the Legislature in lAOti-'tH. From
Maho, he came to Portlinni, Oregon, where he
has since resided and practiced law. In 1878
he wa-< nominated by tlie Democratic party, at
the head of their ticket, for Governor. He ad-

dressed the people n|iiin the issue of un eco-
nomical adminisiratiiiii of the State (ioveriiiiient,
and notwith^tandillg the Slate was Repulilican,
he was t'lected by foriy majority, and during his
term of office, lie fultilled to' the letter the
pledges he had tnade to the citizens of the State.
in 18S4 he was elected ,ludge of llie Supreme
Court, and served his term of si.\ yt»ars in a
manner whi(di was highly gratifying to himself
and friends, rendering his decisions in a calm,
(]ui(^t way, ami strictly in acconlance with the
law and the evidi^nce, aetiuited by tin- hijjhest
honor and iitmijst imp'irtiality.

He was married on the 11th of November,
1852, to iMibs Samuntha C. Vincent, ot Tona-
wanda, New Yolk, a (langhter of Rev.,). Vin-
cent, a liaptist clergy n an. They hav(; an i^iily
son, (IlaiuJe. who is r. hiwyiM-, residing in Tilla-
mook. Oregon, wiiert; iie is engaged in bank in;,',
(iovernor Thayer owns fourteen acres of land
at Woodstock, where, on a beautiful site, over-
looking the city of Portland, he built, in 1889,
a b(;autitul home, planting the grounds to avar-
iety of fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs.
In this attractive abode, he resides with Ikm-
who has Si.ared his joys and sorrows for 'orty
years.

He has been a Mason for more than forty
years, (d' wdiicli fraternity he is a proinineiit ami
honored member. He is a Democrat, politically,
to which cause he has been a life-long adherent,
though not a partisan, nor engaging actively in
political affairs. Kind-hearted, generous, pub-
lic-spirited, liberal, unassuming, the I'lnbodi-
nient of honor and fidelity, he is universally
beloved and respected.

>**=-

mm'-'^M^4

'IIOMAS THOMPSON, one of Umatilla
county's most successful young farmers,
fp.v was born in Dundas eonnty, Ontario,
December ~il, 18()0. He was reared to farm
life and received his educal ion in tlie common
.schools of his county. Of the nine children
born to James and Sarah Thompson, our sub-
ject is the eldest. The father died in .878, but
his wife still survives and resides with her son
in Oregon.

Our subject came to the ITiiited States, set-
tled ill Fmatilla county, and as he was a poor
boy, hired out for wages, doing whatever came
in his way. Finally he secured a position as

■Hi

iBiTTiTriiMiiiiiiriniiiiM

iiisrour or n/.'/tv/o.v.

i-.';i5

forcinaii «if tlio (^niififriictiuM tniiiis. while tlic
Ort'f^oii liivnr iV Niivijratioii niilniHii \vii> liciiifi
Imilt, coiitiiHiinij; witli tlic cciiiiiiiiiiy Im' two
yeiu's, (liiriiiii; wliicli tiiiitt lii^ liml siivcd (mkhi^Ii
to purclmt-c ItlO ivcrt'K of Imid, on wliieh lio iiii-
iiiLMiiiitely iriovod. In adiJitioii, li(! iTiited oiie-
iiall' K(n;tinii of laiiil, adjoiiiiiif; liis rariii, on
whicli 111" I'iiist'd wlioat So .-iico.cnsfii! was ho
at tliis tliat lu' Wiis soon aldu lo add to his
possessions, and now owns 'd'M acres of j^ood
t'armintt hind, on whicii heaveniires aliont 0,000
liubhols of wlieat per year. After u ftnv years
Mr. Thompson einharkedon u new ventnre, that
of horse i)roedin}r and lias become an iinporltM'
of (;iv<lesdale and Kiifilish oliii'cs, which havi'
proven of profit to iiimseif and an ai'coniuiod.ition
to his nei^hiiors. In ids staliles lie 1ms an aver-
age of twelve mares, imported, for lireedinj^ and
saht, and a herd of si.vty Isead of (rraiUMJ mares.
Tliese lie keeps improvinjj; and lie is now recofr-
nized as one of tho leadini; iireedera of tine
stock in the comity. It is certainly wonderful
how Mr. Thompson has liuiit np his fortnnes,
beginning, as he diil eleven yeais ajfo, without
a dollar, as a common laboi'cr on the railroad,
but the secret of his snccess lies in his strict
attention to busiiu^ss and frugality. At tl it
time lie is worth about !j(20,000, a good showing
for elevoii years of lalxir.

Mr. Thompson was married Decemlmr 25,
1885, to Miss ('aroline Grim, a native of Min-
neapolis, who came to Oregon when for.r years
of age, with her parents, Richard and (Catherine
Grim, natives of Ohio, who are now residing
near Milton, Oregon. Mi. nnd Mrs. Thompson
have had four children, namely: daines, Iler-
bert, Edna and Richard, all of whom add sun-
shine to the hapj)y little home on tho farm.
Mr. rhom])son is a member of Pendleton
Lodge, I. O. O. F. He has served as Treasurer
or (Jlork of his school district ever since he has
been in the county. Politically, he is a stanch
Republican, and upholds the principles of the
party.

^■^>-^>- -

^MEDEP] M. SMITH, the president and
manager (jf the Oregon Pottery Company
of Portland, one of the largest manufact-
uring |)lants of the Northwost, was born in
Geneva, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, August
8. 1H30. His father. Freeunm Sitiith, was a na-
tive of New Jersey, a inechanic and ship-

builder, who, after settling in Penur-vlvania,
built the lirst sleimlioal whi(di ran niion the
.Monongahida river. His wife was Mai-j^aret
llillerbrand, who wa^ a luitive of Marjlaml. In
1842 tlui large family, coiif-isting of laiher,
mother and iiiiu^ children, of whom .\ni('(li'(^
was the yonngesl, emigrated to Ceclar Raiiids,
Iowa, where .Mr. Smilhengaged in farming and
buililing boats suitable for na\igating on tho
Cedar river. The last one of these, the lllack
j Hawk, was used as a transportation boat on the
U])per Mississipjii during th<' war of the Ri'lnd-
i lion. Young Smith procured an education
' chicllv by peixMud effort, as schoid privileges
j wei'c lindted t<i abiuit three months per year
i ancl his services were needed constantly on the
farm; but still he progressed in his studies,
I taking a full cour.s<- in the jinblic schools
and a snbse(|nent course at a normal school.
After ho had attained his twentieth year Mr.
Smith was engageil as a teacher in several
schools of Iowa. Shortly aft<'i- the war had
opened between tin* North and the South, ho
enlisted in Company F, TweTity-l'onrth Regi-
ment, Iowa V(/lnnt('er Infantry, an<l, after serv-
ing sonu< six months with his r(>giment, lu^ was
mustere<l out, owing to his failing health. After
recupiM'ating, he engaged as foi'eman in the
pottery b\isincss conducted by his brother until
1865, when \h\ with his little family, accom-
])anied liy his father, motiier and brother, emi-
grated to Oregon, by the way of .New York ami
the Isthmus of Panama, and settled at Albany.
Soon afterward tire clay was discovered at
HuiMia Vista, in I'olk county, when Mr. Smith,
in association with his fatlier and brothers, es-
tablished on a small scale, the first pottery
works in the Northwest. For sevi-ral years the
product of the works was confined to stoneware
alone. The pojudation of the Northwest was so
small and scattering that there was little de-
mand for stoneware, and it was by persistent
effort that sales could be made. The first
wagon- load of ware made was taken by Mr.
Smith in person to Albany. The merchants
looked at it and shook their heads, and walked off,
not knowing what use to make of such goods.
After all others had abaiiilnned the idea of
handling the wai'e, an enterprising hanlware
dealer, Mr. John (Jonner, ordered the load
driven around to his back door, taking tho en-
tire load, some 300 gallons in all. for which he
paid 50 cents jjcr gallon in gold. Mr. Conner
afterward became a banker and is now a retired

(•j;i(i

II IS tour oh' oiiKGos.

-\. Ill 1^71 Mr. Siiiilli i^^iiiiicil CDiitrul

(■Ml ire liliilit, iinil ill (iiit'i' {•(iiiiiiicricccl to

ilHTt'llst' tliu |irciiliic(, ;uii|

c'a|ill:i
i,\ Ihi'
ciiliilj^c llic Jiliilit all

ill lS7!i III! Cnlllllll'MCCll tllL' llllllllll'urturi' 111'

KiiwiM' iiiiic; liiii 111- till' iiiiiiiiiliii-tiiru of tliitt arti
cie I'luiii liifcla)' wan lull in its iiici])i(iiic,y lit the
Eiibt, uiiil III iililidii Hiiitiililu irim'liiiK'r\ IVoiii tlir
Kanli'i'ii Stalls WHS ImiIIi ti'dioiis ami i'.\|)i'U.'^ive,
hi' iiui'iiti'il iiiul liiul liiiilt ill I'orllaiKl tlii^ lirst
rs >lfiiuil' iiiiu'liiiu'ry ii'^i'il till' that |iiii'|his(' in tlio
Niiithwt'.-t. In l>i7ii. till' tiist main hcwit was
iiiiiili', (•<iii>isliiijr |iriii('i|iiilly of lo incii pipe.
'I'iiis wiir- phu'uii ill Siiii'k stiuot, Pofthiiid, iiml
has now lici'ii in iisu twenty y*""'"- i^iin'i" that
liiiiL' Mr. Siiiitli anil his aasoiMatt^s have I'lir-
nisht'il nearly all llin s(;wi'i'-|iipi' that has htvn
u~ril ill roitlaml lis well as many other towns in
Oref^oii ami Wanhingloii, aniiiiintiiif^ to iiiaiiy
miles.

After siii'cessfully I'linniiii,' the works at
Piiieiia \'i^ta for aliont twenty years, Air. Smith,
in IfS'M, (ii'fTaniy.ed tlu' Oregon Pottery Coin-
|paiiy, with a capital stock of Sod, 000, he. hecom-
ilig its pre.-ideiit and manager. New works
were built ii: Portland at a cost of ahoiit
S()0,0()(). These wiM'ks were soon estalilished on a
linn footing, and did a siieeesst'nl InisineBs until
ISUO, when the entire plant was destroyed hy
tire. With his cliai'acteristie spirit of enterprise
Mr. Smith at once set ahoiit to ro-estahlish the
works on a larger seale tlinii before. The capi-
tal stuck was inereased to S'<?dO,000, and the
works r(d)iiilt at a cost of abiut ^100,000, and
are today among tlii» most complete pottery
works of the coast, mid e.\celled by bnt few in
America. The main building, iiseii tor factoiy
purposes, is of brick, three stories high, with a
lull stone basement. The other buildings of the
iihint are of wood, but covered with corrugated
iron throughout. The kilns are liner than any
other used on the whole coast. The plans of the
entire ri const riieted works were furnished by
the iiresident and nianairer. The biiildinits of

I r^ rs

ilie jilant cover an area of 2()t,>x 21-34 feet. This
is e.xclusive of the wharf adjoining the plant,
which is 100 .\ 300 feet in size. The ground
occupied by the compiiny is about three and
oiie-lialf acres in extent.

Mr. Smith was married in .Mt. \'ernon,Iowa, in
181)1, to Miss iMary Iv Spielinan, w ho was a faith-
ful companion through the ])ioneer days, but
she was called to her eternal home in lfS.s3. leav-
ing live childri'ii: Klizalutli, wife of William
LI. Ih'itts, of Diilnth, Minnesota; Amedee M.,

Jr., P.laiiie U., Mary K., and Leiii \\. In iHHl
Mr. Smith was mairied at <,'oiinellsvill(>, I'enn-
sylvaniii, to .Mis. I'linnia .1. ('oiiller, and they
have two children: llaridd S. iind Mildred. The
fiimily reside on the northwest corner of Tweii-
ty-lirst iiiid Kverelt streets, where he built his
home in IHNB. Mr. Smith is ii inember of
a number of stn-rel orders, and liasiilwavs taken ii
lively interest in moral rffurius. lie has been u
member of the .Metlindist Cliiii't'li foraboiit forty
yi'iiis, iniieli of tiie lime in an ollieial caiiacity,
and is now an olHcial inember of tho First .Meth-
odist ('hiircdi of i'ortland. Helms also always
taken an active interest in educational niatlers.
lie is a Trustee of the Portland University, and
11 Trustee for the iMidowmenI Funds of the Wil-
lami'tle rni\ersity. lli! liel|)ed ortjaiii/.e the
Porlland Trust Coinpany, of Portland, Oreo-on,
and was for several years one of its directors.
He is a inember of the Chamber of (Jommerco
and one of the most energetic business men of
Portlund.

f FORGE W. STA(i(iS, one of the young
1 and enterprising; business men of Weston,
^ifV was born in Vam Hill county, Oregon,
December 20. 181)2. His father, .Vlfred Staggs,
is a native of Kentucky, who married Miss Surah
Davis, a native of Afissouri. Mr. Staggs eiiii
grated to Oregon in 18r)2 with his brother.
They fitted up an ox teiim and started on the
long joiiwioy to tho coast. The bi other was
taken sick and died. His lonely, unnamed
j,'rHve is on the plains, where his sorroiving rela-
tives were obliged to leave his remains, among
tlie savage Indians. Mr. Staggs was a brick
maker by trade, bnt in later years ho
abandoned it for the occupation of fanning.
He was married in Oregon, and ho and his
faithful wife lived together until 1872, when
death claimed his own and called the beloved
wife to her last home, at the age of forty-two.
They had five diildren, and George was the
fourth. Only three of these children are now
living, two ill Idaho and our subject in Oregon.
Gecjrge received his early education in the
common schools of Oregon, and was reared on
Mil.' farm and to farm work. He loUowc-d that
occu])atioi. until 188S, when he went to Weston.
lie owns a tine fane of 380 acres three miles
north of Weston, which ho continues to farm in
(connection with his other bus.ness interests. On
this farm ho grows wheat principally.

nis/oiir OF oHh'doy.

ion

III .\iif;il>t. iHiCJ, he cii^i-iir;!'!! in tlic Imiilwiiif
liiiwiiifs!- ill Weston, wlici'i' lie ciiri'ics a st(.ci< of
sftri.OUO, ciiiir-it.tiiicr of ail liiiiiih of liiinlwarc uml
ii^riciiltiiriil iiii|iii'iiitMitH. Ill' iiiit'!4 a i^immI litisi-
iiixi fur II iiewciiiiu'r in tlio Idwii, ami, a> lif ix
well known anil liked tlironKJiout the entire
coiintv. lie will ('1111111111111! II laif.'e tnule in time.

Mr. Stiig^jh «ii- niaiiieil. in isTli, to Mis.s
.Martha I'inkertDii. tliiiii^liler ot William iiinl
Sanili I'inkeiton. Tliin laily in alco a native of
< >regon, anil lias liin'iie lier liiii^liiinil t vvo cliililren,
naiiiely; Kniery hiuI iSeiiiali. two liri^lit chil-
dren, who render happy the lives of their par-
ents. M. StaiTffw m a meiiiher of the Modern
Wiiiidmen ol the W'orlil, ('aiiip No. 112, of
Wet^toii: ali-o a iiieinlier of K. of I*, lie votes
tht! IJepiililicaii ticket, and is a tlinronolily re-
spected and representative citizen of Oreifon.

IK. li. 1). STA.NLEV, u prominent and siic-
eessfiil pra',;ticinfi; physician of I'olk conn-
^ ty and a hij^hly respected hiisiness man
and citi/en of Uallas, was horn in Indiana, . I line
23, 1«.-)1.

Dr. Stanley's father, .losiah Stanley, was liorii
in Nortli Caidlina, and was descended from early
settlers of the ("arolinas, havini^ orifrinally come
from Kiio;land. .losiah Stanley emigrated to
Indiana when a yoiiiifr man, and there married
Miss Maryaret Ilinkle, a native of that State
and a daiii^hter of oamiiel and .Nancy (Storr)
Ilinkle. IL.twell H., the subject of this sketch,
was their only child.

Dr. Stanley lie^an the study of medicine in
the otKee of Dr. S. S. (!ani;)iian, with whom he
remained one year; also studied under the
direction of Dr. PIiel])8. He then took a class-
ical course in his native State, irradiiatini; in
1874. After this he went to < 'alit'oriiia. At
Diifcli Flat, that State, lie studied medicine in
the otHce of Drs. Mariiii \- Wil.-on, and sulise-
ipiently entered the medical department of the
University of Cnliforiiia. Later, he attended
medical lectures in the University of Orcfron,
where he took the honors of his class, frraduat-
in^ Ajiril 2, 1H88. He then practiced a short
time ill Davenport, Washington. In IS'JO he
came to Dallas, |)urehased property, hiiilt an
ortic", and ut once began the practice of his pro-
fession and identified himself with the best, in-
terests of the city. His professional career

ami

corded him

(tarmiviUo,

thus far has been one of in.irki'd success. While
he does a m'lieral practice, he maker, a specialty
of treating diseases ot the eye, car, iii>.--e and
throat.

Dr. Stanley was in.inicd in 1^7^ to .Min*
I'liiima Irish, a native of K\ Durinlo county,
Califiirnia. Tliev have live <diildren: .loseph
II.. (Mules 11.. Willie .1., l,eo I,, ami \\,uunt' .\.

roiiticilly, he atliliates with the Deiiincratic
parly, lie is a promiiieiit and active iiiember
of the State Medical Sociely, id' wiiich he han
the honor to be Vice-Urc^idcnl .

§()N. I;DWAI;D is. W.\TS(>.\, of the lirm
of Wat.-oii. IliiiiieiV Walnoii, is a repre-
sentative member of the bar of Oregon,
ir Worthy of the space that has been ae-
iii this history, lie was born at
Clayton county, Iowa, October 7,
18-11:, and at the age of nine years c.rosned the
plains with his parents to Oregon. ^l'"or history
of the family, see sketch of his brother, .liidgc!
.lames K. Watson.) The tirst winter was >-])ent
ill l.aiie county, Init the billowing spring they
removed to Uinpijiia valley, in Douglas county,
'riiere l']dvvard 1!. worked with bis father on the
farm during the siiinnier seasmi. and in the
winter devotiMl his time to his books and the
district school. In 18(11 lu; was sent to the
Uiiipi|Ua Academy, wlici-e be (Mintiiiiied his
studies until 181!;}; lit! then entorcMl tin; I'acilic
University at I''orest (Jrovo, and was graduatt'd
from this institution with tliti class of I8(')t).
He then returned to Douglas county and began
reading law with his brother. Judge .1. K. Wat-
son, who was then in legal jiracticeat liosebiirg.
Two years later he was admitted to the bar; ho
located at .Jacksonville, and was closely otrciipied
with professional duties until 1872, meeting
with merited success. In the yvav just men-
tioned he was olecti'd .ludgcof .lackson county,
( )regiin, a position be filled faithtully and with
aliility for tour years. In 1878 he was elected
(Jotinty Clerk, serving two years in this oltice.
IJeing nominated liy the Uepublican party
for the otHce of Supreme .luilge. he made a
successful canvass, ami was elected over a strong
opposing candidate. The first two years of his
term he was Associate . I ustice, but in 1882 he
became Chief .Instice, filling ihe position with
great credit to himself as well as his constitu-

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

1.0

I.I

■^ ■-Its

t 1^

2.5
2.0

1.8

IL25 nil 1.4 IIIIII.6

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, NY. 14S80

(716) 872-4503

1S88

UltiTOUr OF UUEUON.

eiicy. Uis decisioiiH wen? "lear, ctinciwe and
lof;i(;al, eviiiciii}{ a tliomiiirli kiidwleil^o of tlio
law. I'jMiii I'ctii'iiifr I'niiM tlie Siipieiiu^ Ik'iR'li,
tlic law tinri of AVaiiioii, II nine Ai Watsnii was
formed, and an office ojaiiitMl in I'ortland, wliiTc
.liulfre Watson lias since residecl. The lirni is
made U|) (d' the ahlt^st and most talented gentle
)nen-the liar of the State ean prodiiee, and is
worthy of thi^ coiitidenee reposed in it by nieni-
liers of all professions.

rhnli^i^ Watson is married to a most estimalile
wife, anil has two interesting; cdiildren. In his
home he is surronnded liy all the refininj^ in-
flnenees of cultivated taste, and there has oppor-
tunity and leiHiire for intellectual pursuits. He
is a mendier of the A. O. IJ. W., and of the
Masonic fraternity.

^.ON. .lA.MIvS F. WATSON, tlie senior
IMJ iu''I"''''''<'' 'Ii*' widely and favoralily known
^^yi law firm of Watson, Hume tV: Watson,
came to I'orlland, t)re^on, in 1853. lie was
liorn in Duliuque, Iowa, on March 15, 1840.
His father, .lames Watson, was horn in South
Carolina in 18(32, and at nine years of age, in
1811. n'lnoved to the Teirilnry of Indiana,
where he waH at I'ort Kosciusko durini^ the war
of 1812. .Vfterthis he removed to I'ikecounly,
Missouri, where he married .Miss Kmily A.
Franklin, a native of that State. In 18)55 he
went to l)ubn(|ue, w'.iere lie was engaoed in
mercantile pursuits until 18+1, when he re-
moved to (iariiavillo, Clayton county, Iowa, re-
maining ihc'e until 1858, thence crossinij^ the
plains lo Crefjnn, hringing his wife and six
children with him. He settled on Mount Scott,
on the North rmp(ina river, si.xteen miles
northeast ol Koschurgh, on a ranch of 2,000
acres, which he improved, and where he reside!
until the tim3 of his death, which occurred in
.Inly, 1871. He was electeil a meinher of the
Legislature ii 1802, and to the Senate in 1S()4
and l^<i(i, and was an active Itepnblican, dis-
tinguishing himsidf in the cause of the I'nion.

Seven cliildrui wero lioi-n in Oregon, making
thirteen in all, of wl oni nl'iu are still living.
The old ranch, on which they ."ettled in 1853,
is still owned in the family, the mother of whom
still survives.

.ludge Watson was educated a^ Kugcne City,
where he commenced the study of law, whi(di

he finished at Uosebiirg with Itufiis Malory,
being admitted to the barof the Supreme ( 'ourt
in September, 18()3. He began the practice of
his profession in Koseburg, continuing there
until 1870, when he was elected one of the Su-
preme .ludges of the State, and served two
years on the Supreme bench. The separate
circuit .system was then adopted, and he was
apiMiinteif on the circuit. In 1880 he v/as
elected for six years, but resigned in 1882,
having received the appointment of United
Stales . I udg(! froTn I'l'esident Arthur, in which
capacity he served for four years. While at
Roseburg, in 18t)4, he was elected I'rosecuting
Attorney, serving two years. In 18(1(5 he was
appointed by President Johnson as tin, Uegister
of the Land Office, but did not ipialify. In
18()K he was again elected I'rosecuting .Vttor-
ney, and in 1872 was elected a member of the
State Senate, serving in the latter capacity for
two years.

In 1872 .ludge Wat.son married .Mi?s Isabella
Flint. They had two children. His wife died
in 1881, ami in 1883 he married Mrs. Virginia
Kinney, widow of Mr. .V. ('. Kinney, and daugh-
ter of Hon. W. T. Newby, who came to Oregon
in 1^43, and who was the founder of the town
of McMinnville. He was a man of generous
impulses, puiilic-spirited, and ever ready to aid
every object tending to benelit the community.
He was elected to the State Senate in 1872, and
died in 1S85.

.Iinlge Walson is a member of the Masonic
fraternity, aTid was MasttM' of Laurel Lodge,
No. 13, in 1872. He is also a Knight Templar.
He is a stockholder and director in both the
Portland Savings ami tlui Commercial National
Hanks. In 1855-'50 he served in the Indian
war. He Ls in politics a Kepnblicau. His law
tirm ranks high in the community, and they
have an extensive jiractice. Of superior ability
and acknowledged legal acumen, he has taken a
j)rominent part in the history of his State; ami
ills fidelity, integrity and generous impulses
have endeared Irni to the cominunity, and to
nuinerons p«irsonal friends.

fllAKLKSW. SCIlIliFU has been a res-
ident of Salem since 1850 and is one of
her most highly respected citizens. He
was born in the city of New York, October 22,

s(!

lllsroUY OF llltHIION.

ISM

1822, a BOH of (Jornoiiiis Scriber; his fatlior was
also a native (if tlio Kiiipiro Statu, Ixini (i|)|i()sitc
the city of P(iiii;iiki'f|>BiD; tlic^ family is (if (icr
man oriirin and tlit' niinu' was fornit'i'l}' s|iellt'ii
iSc'lii'yvi'r. Till' uai'licKt ani-ostorH in tliis oonn'ry
came ionji; jirior to the war of the Ivcvdliitioii.
Conieliim ..x-riber niari'ii'd Miss Amelia Wal-
grove, a native of New York, of Scotch ancestry,
ami a family of five children was born to them,
fonr t'i'i whom snrvive. Charles W. remained
under the parental roof aintii he was eifjhtcen
years of age, at Catskill, New York, wl ere ho
learned the blacksmiths' trade. Alter he had
eerved iiis aj)i)renticeshi|) he shipjicd on board
the whaler, ('diaries VV. Morgan, of New
Hedford, in 1>S40, criiife(l two years and had
many wild adventures and narrow esea|)es
from death. Next he shi|)]icd aboard the bark,
Kdwiird, of I )artmoiitli, and ten months alter-
ward on the Martin, of Nantucket. Tlien he
stopped at t'allao aiid worked at his trade
for II time, from 1S47 to iSoO, aii'l then came
to ('alifornia. In the foUowinj;' autuinn ^l^rv.!)
ho came to Oregon, lie was in the employ of
tlie (uiverninent at Vancouver troni .Vufjust
until .April, and then came to Marion county;
he settled on a tarm ten miles east (d' Salem,
a tract of ')4() acres of (huiation land; he ma(|e
many valuable improveinents and cultivated tlii!
place for idifht years, at the end of which time
lie exchanged it for a farm of 'M^ acres, this
place he occupied eight years and then rented
the place and came to Salem in ISIiS. Here he
])urcliaseil two lots and built .. pleasant, attract-
ive home, in which he still resides. Me re-
sinned his former occupation, which he has fol-
lowed continuously since that time. In lSSi3
he formed a |)artn(»rsliip with .Mr. I'olilecard,
and a carriage and wagon making de|iartm( iit
was added to the business.

Mr. Scriber married Misa Mary .lane (iritlith
in February, 185 1, -and tla^re have been born of
this union seven children, four daughtcs and
three sons: Amelia is the wife of Ezra Miller
and resides in Salem; iMiima is the wife of Al-
fred ('u(dridge and li\es in C^olfax; Jelferson
niarrie(l Miss Klla Leonard, and is a resident of
I, a (ilrande; ,101111 lived to the agi^ of t'vei;ty-six
years, when lu' was accidentnlly shot while hunt-
ing; Ada is a graduate of the Willamette I'ni-
versity, and is now studying and teiudiingin the
Coiise'rvatorv of Music, Hostoii; Charles is
clerking in ('olfax; and (trace is a teiichor of
elocutiui).

Mr. Scriher is I'ast N. i.i. of the {, (). O. F.,

and has been a (lood Temiiliir for more than
twenty years, lie is a worthy member of the
(Jiiiiiberland I'rcsbyterian Cliiircli. In politics
he has always been an ardent kepublican. He
is a man of many sterling traits of cliariKaer,
he has always met his obligations |)roniplly, and
has been loyal to the interests of his ,,^11 Stale
and cdmitv.

-S^

^.*^K5*0^->

fA. I!( MM'IKT, one of the most prominent
architects of I'orlland. Oregon, and poii-
» iilar as a citizen and man, was born in
Canada, in 1854. He was educated at St. Hcr-
sae. College, after which he took tiie course in
:.ri'liitceture at the (ioveriimeiit school, at Slier-
brook^^ When eighteen years of age he mm'MmI
an apprentice ship of four years to learn car-
|ieiitry, witli A. Adiim, who was one of the leading
church builders of the jirovince (d' (^nciiec. .Aft-
er this he was for five years with (ieorge W.
Crosby, I) prominent andiitect and b.iilder of
Kastern township, v here he pursued the study
of architecture and construction. .\t theexpira
tioii id' this time Mr. Uobert entered into part-
nership with Mr. Croijby. in general contract
work. During all these years .Mr. IJoberl had
attended night school for the piirpo.-e of pur-
suing sp(!ci .1 studies with a vii'w of promoting
his work. Mr. Crosby was atiiiisliecl iiie(dianic,
thoroughly competent in every departmeiil, anii
it is to that gentleman's excellent training that
Mr. Robert attributes his later emiiKMit success.
Their partnership continued until 18S3, when
Mr. Uobert went to (Jranby, proviiiee of
(Jiiebec, wdiere he commenced biisiiicss alone.
Willie here lie ei'ectc(|, as arcliit.'Ct and builder,
the tirst g(>s>iiiiier goods factory in that piov iiico,
tor the (iraiiby llubberConi|iaiiy, for which com
pftiiy he sub8e(|ueiitly did much work; and also
erected many other prominent buildings in that
locality.

In 188() he came to I'orlland to visit his imr-
ents. who had come to the Slaf(; in 1878. I!e-
coining infatiiiil(.>d with ihe milder climate and
attractive siirroiiiidiiigs, be de.'ided to pei ma-
ne itly locate here, and accordingly returned to
Canada to make his final arrangements, lie
then settled in i'ortland, where, without friends
or intliience, he commenceil the practice of his
business. His first contract was with the I'niied
Slates (lovernnieiit, to erect buildings at the

' V-i

I24U

IllSTOUY Oh' OUKilOS.

Imliiin ti'iiiiiiii^ hc^IiooI, iiinii' Siiltnti. In tlio ca-
piicity of architect ami liiiililer lie eii'i'ltMl, duiiiig
liis first two and a half jx'ars in this country,
over ijlUJO.OtKI worth of lniil(liiii£s, amoiisj which
wore St.- Mary's Acationiy, in I'ortlaiul; the
lioiuan Catholic ('hun^h, in Salem, and many
other liiiil(lini;s of proininence tlirou^'hout the
valley. In lSf<7 ho locatcil iti Salem, where he
executeil a lari^c! contract on the Statu building!*.
While tJK're he was president of the (Jliurchili
S'lhh vV: Door Factory, at Salem, ancl was an
extensive dealer in Inmher in carload lots, also
purchasing for his customers. Ik'sides this lie
dealt largely in real estate, in which he was
very successful. In ISDO he whs one of a syn-
dicate to purchase 7,000 acres of timber land,
on which was two sawmills, hut owing to mis-
management of the property he became a heavy
loser. In November. ISSJl-, he returned to
rortlaml for the pur|iose of being in the busi-
ness center, and that be might the better lievote
liis entire time ami energies to his profession.

Mr. Uobiu-t was married in (4raiiby, June 14,
1S77, to Miss Mary A. Cusack, and they have
live children: Catherine I).. William L.. Mary
L., (MiarlesU. and I'earl M.

(lifted with oritrinal and artistic ideas, a sin-
cere student of his business, to which he is en-
tirely devoted, and thoroughly conversant with
every detail of construction, he has, by his abil-
ity ami energy, attained the foremost rank
among the architects of the State.

llIARI.HS SAMCKL TCSTIN, one of tlie
nio.'-t prosperous farmers of Yam Hill
county, of which county he has been a
resilient for forty five years, is anative of Illinois,
where lie was born Se])teinber 2, 1845. When
but two years of .age, his parents crossed the
plains to Oregon, liis father, Charles Samuel,
after wlunn the subject of the sketch was named,
was a native of Pennsylvania, where he was
born in 1818. His ancesters were (iernian, who
settleil in Pennsylvania in an early day. (irand-
fatlier Tustin and family removed to Illinois
early in the history of the State, and here, in
18iJi), their son, the father of our sut)ject, was
married to Miss Mary Jarvis. They had four
children in Illinois: Marion. Amanda, Mai'vand
Charles Samuel. In 1847, Crandfatlier Samuel
Tustin and family and our subject's father and

I'imily. all crossed the plains to Oregon, to
aviiil themselves of the rich tracts of land given
by the United States to tlio.s*' who would settle
on them. The grandfather took his donation
claim near La Kayette, ti4() acres, for himself ami
wit'o. The father of our subject bought a siprnt-
ter's right to a section of land, located three
miles northeast of McMinuville. on which he
and his family settled. They remained unin-
torrnptedly on their resptictive claims, until
1849, when the gold excitement in ("alifornia
was at its heii:ht, wlitin tlufy also wetit to the
gold iliggings. The father of our subject re-
turned the t'lillowing winter. lie had gotten
some gold, and hail purchased a quantity of sup-
plies, which were needed by the family, but
which, on the account of the high water, he was
obliged to leave behind him, in Oregon City,
while he rejoined his family, and his goods were
BtoliMi. ami the thief never discovered. The
grandfather after many operatioiit^. settled at
I'etaluma, Califm'uia, where he resided for the re-
maiinliM' of his life, and a sister of his, still resides
there. The grandfather died in ISlil, greatly
mourned by his family ami friends, wlio esteemed
him for his many sterling qualities of heart
and mind. The father of our subject continued
ever after this to reside on his farm. He was a
carpentei-, and a man of good morals and abil-
ity, and was respected by all who knew him.
He died in the midst of his family, in 18(J2,
greatly lamented by all who knew and realized
his worth. His faithful wife survived him
until 1877, when she died, at the age ot fifty-
seven years. She was greatly beloved on ac-
count of her many practical Christian virtues,
and warm and generous heart.

The subject of our sketch, who was the eldest
son at home at tlie time of his father's death,
became the head of the family. His older
brother was married and resided in California.
He, accordingly, cared for his mother and sis-
ters. His father's part of the land was sold to
meet his father's indebtedness. In the division
of the remaining land, his eldest sister received
eighty acres, but she has since died and the
property has reverted to the other members of
the family. The subject of our sketch now has
245 acres of the old homestead, on which, in
1887, he built a substantial residence, and oth-
erwise improved it, greatly adding to its value.
The excellent orchard, planted by his father,
still atfiirds the family an abundance of the very
best fruit, besides which our snliject is raising

IIISIDHy OF (iKKdON.

I'-'ll

considerable grniii, 801110 lio[m, hikI ib also rait*- |
ing KoiiU' !»t()ck, including Noriiian-IVrcln nm
lioi>e8.

Mr. TiiHtin aiid liin sihter, Naiicy KIIlmi, liave !
l)otli remained Hiiigle, an<l slu- lesidcii witli liiin
on tlie lioini'Stead, wliicli lias liclwiiiii'd to tlieiii j
80 long. Tiiey arc devotctl to lacli other's in
terests, and an- models whose e.\am|>le many
lirotliers and sisters wonld do well to emulate.

Mr. Tiistin is Democratic in politics, and, for
twelve years has served most ethciently as Clerk
of his sclio(d district, lie is a promiiieiit mem-
ber of the I. ( ). (). K., in the widfare of which
he takes a <lee|i interest.

It is seldoiiL that we have to chronicle so
blameless a life, even amonif the salt of the
earth, the inliabit;ints of the glorion- coinm<in
wealth ot'Oreijon. it is true that this mH''iHH-
cent State irrows notbiiifi but what is best,
which amply accounts for the iininy perfections,
human and otherwise, abounding within her
borders.

[IIOMAS L. TUliNKlJ, one f the reputa-
ble farmers of Clackamas county, Oreoon,
was born in Ohio, July 10, 1S4(). His
ancestors were early settlers of N'irginia. Grand-
father Daniel Turner was a soldier in the Colo-
nial army <luriuir the Revolution. ( )nr subject's
father, .lohn M. Turner, was born in Virginia,
reared to manhood there, and in that State mar-
ried Miss Harriett Cook, and after their mar-
riage they removed to Ohio and settle(l on a
farm. In the fall of 1851 they moved to Mis-
souri, purchased land and established' their home
on it. riiere the father resided till the time of his
death, which occurred in 1857. In religion he
w^s a Baptist, and in politics a Democrat. He
was a soldier in the war of 1812. His widow
survived him till 1885, beiiifj seventy-three
years old at the time of her death. They were
the parents of ten children, nine of whom
reache(l adnit years, and six are still living.
Thomas L. is the youngest in this family, and
was only thirteen years of iige when his father
died, tie renuiined with his mother on the
farm and aided her in the nninag<Mnent of it
until lu' grew up to manhood, and in <luo time
he purchased land for himself.

April 4, 1801, Mr. Turner married Miss
Xancy Powers. She was born in Missouri,
September IH, 1844, daughter of Benjamin

Powers. They remaine<l on the farm until
18t!5. and that yeur cro«se<l the |)liiiiis to Ore
gun. They had three children born in Missouri,
namely: Mary Frances, now Mrs, I'rederick
Mlleijson, who resides near her ])'irent-i: .lulia
I'.li/alieth. wife of Kdwanl Seely, of Wooilburn;
anil .lohn Marion, a resident of the State nf
Washington. These-children they brought with
them across the plains, being si.\ iiiuiiths on
their journey, aiid,u|ion their arrival in Oregon,
came direct to the fiirm on which thi^y have
since resided, seven miles northeast of Oregon
City. They purchased UiO acres of land, at
?!>~.5<) per acre, paying Sol 10 down and gi'ing in
debt for the rest, and in a lojr Iiiiu>e on this
farm they began their pioneer life in Oregon.
As the years rolled by their honc>l iridiislry \\iis
crowned with success. In 18(1!) a good frame
residenc(< took the place of their primitive log
hous«', and Mr. Turner not only paid for his
first purchase of land but also added :!()0 iicrcs
more to it, making 4t)() altogether.

Fight children were added to his family in
Oregon, viz.: Annie M. (wlm died in her third
year), .lames., Alliert I'., Klla 11., Ilerlicrt T,
Susie li., Charles F., and Smith.

Mr. Turner's political views are in harmony
with Democratic principh's. He and his wife
are charter members of the Orange, and he is
Past Master of the order. Mr. Turner has iieiii
a hiirdworking man bir a number of years, in
fact his whole life has been one nf great iictivity.
Soon alter coming to Oregon he kept aid ran a
large plow, breaking up iiincli of the wild land
in this vicinity, and thus bus been a useful I'ac
tor in the im|irovenient of this sei'tion of the
country.

fllOMAS P. \'A1!\VI({ is a native son of
llie (iiilden West, born in Sacramento,
^ Califoi'iiia, in ISol ' father. Herman
j Varwig, was a native of (iermany, and there
i passed his boyhood and youth: afier his inar-
j riage he emigrated to the I'nited States, atid
spent a brief season in Now Orleans and St.
! Louis before coining to California; in 1850 he
joined the emigration train, coming via the
Pannina route. He wiis engaged in meicliandis-
j itig chietly until ISof), when lie returned lo
Sacrameiiio ami embarked in the ^rrocery busi-
ness, which he carried on until 1^114; in the
i latteryear lie removed to Portland, and is now a

ViAi

UlHIUtRY OA' OREOUN.

p. ;

rc-iil'-'it (if flii-^ <'ify. Ili> wmi. TlioiiiHf 1*. Var-
wii'. Iii'iriin t(» ciirii liis own hiintMirt at tin; lurc of
I'li^vLMi years, so tliat his oiliic.atioii was ac(|ii iced
only lliroiif^li jMTsistmit ett'ort. His lirst ex-
|H'r-J(iii('c ill tin- cipiiiiiiorcial world was a>> errand
ImiV al)oiit lidli'ls and slioiis. At the ao;o of
fit'tt'iMi years he mitered the ('ni|)l<iy of Donner-
berjr i^ ilarrctt, aiid learned tlie pliiinhitii; trade.
In lS7"2 1ie a(',c,i)in|)aMied his uncle, Fred Var-
wio-, lo till! iiiiiu'H in Aiiiador coiiiity, (!alitoriiiR,
lint without makinj; a "tiiid."' Ho returned to
I 'or t land and resiiiiu-d his trade as a joiirncynmri,
wliieh he continued until lSTt5, at that time he
formed a partn(irslii|) with John iiiirk, and they
opened a pliimhiiij^ estaldishineiit which they
al'terward removed to Astoria; tiiey siitfered
from the tire of IST8, after which Mr. Varwif;
sold his interest and returned to I'ortland. in
Septeiiihcr. 1H7'.I, with hormwed capital, lie
ow'iieil a t'liiall shop on the corniM' iif Second and
Washington streets, and did his own work until
he had Inilit ii|i a hiisiness diMnandin^ additional
help. Ill 1S82 he removed to his present location,
71 Wasjiiiifrtiin street, where, with increased fa-
cilities, he has liiiilt up an extensive business in
tjeiieral pliiinliin^. Mis work is principally liy
contract in the tittiiif:; of new 1 jildiiij^s witli
gas, steam anil hot water pipes. He employs
on an aveiiii;e ten men, and imports his sup-
plies direct from the manufacturers.

Mr. \'ar\vig was married in rortland in
l''eiiriiary, lti7(>, to Miss l^)8a Morrow, a native
of Washiiiffton, and a dauijhtcr of (ieorife Mor-
row, a pioiuMM' of early times. This union has
resulted in the hirlh of four children, three of
whom survive: Kiizaheth S., Lillian and Susan.
The family reside at the corner of Kast First
iind Halse't streets, East Portland, where their
residence was erected in 18!)1. Mr. Varwig has
improved other residence property in the city,
lint has given liis best etiorts to his business,
which is in every fense a coinj)k'te success.

[IM.IAM HATT("HF:TT VAITGHAN.
an honored ( )regon pioneer of 1843,
now residinj^ on his donation claim on
the Molalla river, in Clackamas county, is de-
scended from Scotch-Irish ancestors, who emi-
grated to the colony of Virginia at an early
period in the history of America, whore they
were people of wealth and intluerice. His

father, James Vaughan, was born
ginia, and was there m.rried to .Min

in \'ir-
5 .Nancy
llattchett, also a native of the Old Dominion,
and one of the nine children of Thomas llatt-
chett and his wife, n«e (Jhatin. The llattchetts
were of English descent. Mr. Hattchett served
in the late (-olonial army during the Revolution.
He died in the seveiity-fonrth year of his age,
and his wife |)asse(l away at the aj;e of ninety-
six. After their arriago Mr. and Mrs.
Vanghaii removed to Tennessee and settled in
Hiitherford county, where they reared a family
of thirteen cliildre i, seven sons and six daugh-
ters. Of this numerous family only five are liv-
ing, three sons and two dauifliters. In 184:2
the family moved to Missouri, where the par-
ents resided up to the time of their death.

William H., the tilth son in the family, was
born ill middle Tennes.see, Januarv 17, 1822.
At the age of sixteen, through an elder brother,
and the (.'ongressman from the district, ar-
rnngoments were made for him to attend the
military si:hool at West Point, but his father
said " No," and that wa^ a cut deep and wide,
as his only aspiration 'v.as blasted. That was
the cause of his crossing the Rocky mountains.
Heiiig an expert riHeinan and tilled with the
spirit of adventure, April 20, 1843, be left bis
father's home, in southwestern Missouri, to cross
the ])lains to Oregon. He was with the tirst
waifon train that ever came all the way through
to Oregon. They cut their own roads through
the I'liie mountains, siirmoiinting evt^-y obstacle
that presented itself. They came by what was
called the Meidian route. The way they sc>ded
the steeps, forded rivers and made their way
over the ntew country, can never be fnlly ap-
preciated by the uninitiated. They came by way
of Walla Walla and then down the Oolumbia
river, arrivingatOregoii City abom November JO,
1843. For a time Mr. Vaughan was emjiloyed
at fencing and barn building by the Hudson's.
Hay (Company. In May, 1844, he came to his
donation claim, sixteen miles soutiieast of Ore-
gon City, and was the tirst permanent settler
in this ))art of the county. Here, in bis primi-
tive cal)in, he kept "bach" for several years.
In building his log honse he made it, as far as
possible, a stronghold against the Indians, with
whom be frequently had trouble. At one time
he was attacked by sixteen of them, but by his
dauntless courage be succeeded in overawing
them, and made a miraculous esca]H'. In the
fall of 1847, after the murder of Dr. Whitman,

msToiii OF ouKdoy.

tS48

Mr. Vauf'lian hroiiijlit Witli li

fni

lioine in Teiitieswe a tine old Kentucky ritie, ami
with it, attt'i' liis arrival in Oreirdii, he dis-
tinguished hii'iself as an expiM't hiinlei', beiiiij
known (ar and M-ide as the "Kinijof llunters.'"

or many years lie

lade

e Imnselt very iiselul m

he volunteered and ^^erved in thi- Cayuse war,
un<kM' (!a|itain Maxiii, fiirnishini^ IiIh own horse
and eipiipinents. Ho was in the battle of I'lna-
tilla, which (■•ijragernent lasted from nine o'cloi'k
in the morning until ;ii>rht, when flu! Ftidiaiis
withdrew. Mrs. Vanirhaii's father was also a
participant in this war.

August 27, 18 47, Mr. Vaufjhan married Miss
Susan Mary Office, a native of Missouri, born ■
March;}, 1833. Ilor father. James OHic-. a !
native of Tennes.see, came to ()rej;oii with his i
family of seven children in 18lo, and settle(l on |
a donation claim, twelve miles south of ( d'ci^on
City, where he resided tor a number of years.
Her mother died June 14, 1S78, and her father,
now nintrty-one years of ago, makes his home
with thein. Followinjr are the ini'iies of ,VIr. and
Mrs. Vaufjhan's children: Frank White, wlio is
married and has eleven children. iesid(!s in the
Hig iJend county, of Washington, whei'cHie is en-
gaged in the stock business; Isom ('., a firmer
in Olackamas county, is niarricMl and has live
children; \ancy Virginia, wife of Orcn Cut-
ting, Clackamas county, has two children; .Viary
Tennessee, wife of (Toorije T. Frazier, Clacka-
mas county, hasonecdiild; Viola F., wife of John
Stubbs, has one child, and they ntside on thu
home farm; Stonewall Jackson, a merclumt at
Molalla; Hardy f^ongstreet. a farmer in (!lacka
mas conntv; and Susan Florida, John C., Cora
K., and W'illiam Officer, all at home.

Mr. and Mrs. Vaughan have been industrious
jieojile all their lives. They have a fine home
and other substantial buildings on their farm,
and their landed estate comprises '.((iO acres,
iioth he and his wife were reared in the faith of
the I'aptist deuoininatiou, and for ten years lu!
served as (llcrk of the church. I'<ilitically, he
is a Democrat. Several times he was nomi-
mited for both the Legislature and the Senate.
Ills party, however, was in the minority and he
wj>s defeated.

killing off tlu! wolves and mountain lions that
had made havoc among his stock and the stock of
his neighbors. His hounds and his guns were
his delight, and even yet, at the age of seventy,
his clioice hounds and his rifie afford him great
pleasure, Mr. Vaughan brought with him from tho j

Sunny South home tin- warm hearted fi'iendship
and [\ir. genial hosjiitaiitv of the trin- Southern
g'nfleman. He is oui' of the most widely
known and highly estt-emed of that band of
brave men and women who came to Oretjon in
1S43. ^

^-=^©e>^

fONU.M)S('iIIIl,MFRI('H,on.M,rthesnl.
stantial business men of II illsburoii:;!), is
a uulivo of (rcrnnitiv. born I)('cemlnT 2lt,
18^17. II '< father and anct'stors were (ierman
farmers. He was educated and raised to nnm
hood in (iertnany. and was cirafretl and sorveil
two years in the (Jerman army. He fought in
the war of l8f8-'4!». In 18.")() lu^ came to this
coiinlry, laniiiug in New Vork He \vorke<lon
a farm as a hand ft)r six years anil ^aved his
mo'iey He marrit^d Margart^l Shemeser, of
Cerm.iny. and they canuf logiUher to Kl Dorado
county, (!alifornia, in I'-i.jli, where he engat;ed
in milling, and remained eighteen years phicr
mining. It had been mined over several times,
but had been very rich in gold, and had they
mined it before any one else had gone over it
they could have taken out by their system
$5,000 per day. They cut a tunnel through the
solid rock (SIO feet in UMigth, and it all had to
be done by blasting, ami cost them AIS.OOO.
Mr. Seliul iieri(di"s mine made money, and after
they had worked it as lonu as tlii'V thought it
would pay, it was sold cheap t) tli" Chines •. and
they have boon working it siucl^

Mr. Schiilmerich has raiseil a ftiniilv ot ten
children, and brought away >ii7.0(fO with him.
and came to Oregon, and purchaM' I a far n tliri'o
and a half miles south of II illslioi'oiigli. it is 3°.'0
acres of laud, and six ycNirs huer he purclri'^"d
a farm .d' iioO acres, 'i'liey have be'ii engaged
in raising grain and miki:ig creamery Iniller,
an<l also raising verv tine cattle. He estimates
that he has made about ^."jli on each e iw. The
farm is improvini; all th" time, and beeoniing
mon^ anil more \aliiable. He has built a iiii'e
brick house in Hillsborough, and in partnership
with his son has opened a lari;e general iiiercli in
dise store under the name of C. Schiilmerich iVt
Son.

He retired from his farm in Octoru'r, IS'Jl,
piindiase 1 a home in Ilillsboroiiijh, and resides
therewith his family. He has other pro|ierty in
the city. His son, Herman, is i:. the meat market
business in Hillsborough; W'illiam is running one

r,'4i

IIISTOHY l)F ()/:h'IWX.

farm, wliiii; Mdwiiid is niiiniti^ the other; •loM-pli
is iiHhJKtinK ill tlic ~toi"; AiiiiiK is the wile nf
.lames StcpliB, of roifliiiiil; Kiiti; murricil Diwi
iJiirckliolilcr, iiiiil n^iides in South Tiiulitiii;
iVIiifjj^ic. .li'Ssif mid Kddif Hrc nt lioine, and at-
tfiidiiii; Hcliiioi at IIili?l)()ioiiirli,>iid Mrc Scliul-
iiicriidi in Ftill iiviiifr. Ho is a Miisiur Miisnii, a
meiiilier 1)1' the iJuinocratic jiarty, and is a goud
saiiiph' of < Jreffon's iiioiiccrs.

fll. .lOIlN W'KLCll, one of tlie proiiiint-iit
deiitista of tiiL' c.itv of I'orthiiid, was l)orii
at Miiioral I'oiiit, Wisconsin, Se|)ti'iiilifr
li{, ls3(). His jiariMits, William and .lane
(l'og<ri'ss) Wclidi, wtTu natives of Vir<riniii and
Kfntii(d<y, r('8|ie('tivcly. William NVi'lch was
ri'iU'i'd to a<;ri<'\iltui'«l piii-siiita. I>nf diirinir the
lead- mine excitciiK'iit in Wiscoiipin, in IH'd'ii, he
removed to Mincial I'lfint, and followed mining
intcrestK until IHiW, and then movtMl to {!a-
iiiiiiudie, Iowa, and farmecl until 18B0, when he
with his fon . John started for California, cross-
ing the plains with horse teams, coveriiiir tlu'
di-tancc lietween the .^^ssollri river to I'laeer-
vlUe. Califoinia, in just ninety days. They en-
gaged in mininj; and continued in the same
for four years, then returned, via steamer and
I'unama, to their dear ones in Iowa. In 1863
Mr. Welch again crossed the [)lainB with horstf
ti'anis, liiit this time came to ( )rei;on, brinijin!;
his family with him, for [lernmneiit settlement.
After four months of easy travel tliev landed in
(Clackamas county, and here William Welch
pas>ed his closing years in agricultural pursuits.

John Welch received his acailemic education
at the liock Island (Illinois) Seminary. Hebe-
gan tile study of dentistry with Dr. W. J. Lau-
rence, at Lyons, Iowa, and one year later, in
1857, engaged in practice at Cliillicothe, Mis-
souri, and subsequently at Georgetown, tliesame
State.

In ISB'.I he was married to Elizabeth Clem-
ents, at Fairview, Missouri. Soon after their
marriage the young couple removed to ('liicago
and Dr. Welcii continued his studies in the otiico
of Dr. K. CartK>nter, and remained with him
until l8tK5 an<i then crosseif the plains, with his
father to Oregon.

Dr. Welch first opened his office in Oregon
City, where lie practiced until ls7(), when he
opened an ofHce in Portland, but still residing

in Oreg(>n (Jity, continued both offices until
ISSS, when he purchascil resident properly,
corner of Sixteenth and Hast Kverett streets.

For fourteen years the Doctor has been lo-
cated in I'liion i'lock. corner of First and Stark
streets, and followed both operative and me-
chanical dentistry. He also carries a stock of
dental goods, witli a braiudi stock at Spokane,
and supplies tlu> market of the Northwest.

Mr. and Mrs. Welch have nine chililreii:
William Edward. M. I)., located at rittsbiirg,
Kansas; Sterling, deceased; John, Harry, Frank,
Catherine, lioiibon, Annie and I'enjamin.'

The Doctor is a member of the I. O. O. I'"
and with the organizi'tion of the St.ite Board of
Examiners he was apiiointed one of the four to
constitute that body. He is one of the oldest
practitioners of Portland, and is well known and
highly esteemeil among his associates in the
profession.

IILLIAM L. WELLS, Sheritf' of Folk
county, Oregon, isanau.eof this State,
born in Marion connty, .January 6.
1859, the son of an honored pioneer.

Mr. Wells' father, George A. Wells, was born
in Pike county, Missouri, in 1830. He mar-
ried in Illinois Miss IlenriettaTurner, daught.'r
of Laweon Turner. In 1853, with his wife and
two children, H. F. and Mary S.(iiow Mrs, W. P.
Heviiis), both born in Illinois, he started across
the jilains for Oregon, making the journey with
ox teams, and after a long and tedious journey
arrived at their destination in September. He
settled on a donation claim near Falmouth, in
Uenton county, where he made improvements
and resided five years. He then sold out, went
to Marion county, bought 320 acres of laiul at
Hubl)ard Station, and made that place iiis home
until ISI')?, when he sold out and came to I'olk
county. Here ho purchased a farm at Buona
Vista, and on it has since resided. Their chil-
dren born in Oregon are as follows: Sarah E.,
wife of H. H. Collins; Maggie, who died in her
second year; C. P. and G. A., .Ir., fanners in
Polk county; EinnniJ., wife of F. P. (irounds;
and William L., the third of the Oregon
children.

The subject of our sketch was educated in the
public schools of his native State. When he
became a man be purchased land near liiiena

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I •-•la

Vitta, 1111(1 uiif^Hgud in i'aniiiiij< and lio|)-nii8iiiir,
at wliicli liu lias bet-n \vi-\ sncocsst'iil. In IS^fi
lin was elected Arisessur, and in that capai'ity
nerved Ids county satisfiietorilv. In Is'Jdlic was
elected Sheriff of I'olk cimnty, and in 1S'J2 was
elected to succeed hi'nself, and is the present
incniiil)cnt of that utfici', provinj; himself a most
efficient officer and in every way worthy of the
important trust ])hiced in him.

Mr. Wells |)iirchas(«l |iro|ierty in Dallas und
liuilt the attractive home in which he and his
family reside. He was married In 1SS7 to
Miss Sarah F. Murphy, a nativeof I, inn county,
OrefTon. Her lather, II. W. Murphy, came to
this State in 1852. Their two children are
Leroy and Klhert. Mrs. Wells is a member
of tlie Christian (3hui'cli. Her irriindfather,
John E. Murjiliy, was a Chi'istian minister, a
missionary, and a jiioneer to ( )re(ji)ii in 1852,
he lieiiij; one of the founders of the Mon-
mouth College. Mr. Wells is a .Methodist, a
inember of tlio 1. (). (). 1'., and in ])olitics
has been a Republican since he has been a
voter.

fAMKS M. ftlLMAX.— All honor t.. the
Tacitic coast ])ioneer. Captain James M.
(lilman, who came to the undeveloped HcM
in her early setthmient, seekinir name, tame and
a fortune, in the development of her varied re-
sources. Amonj; the California pioneers of
1849. and the Oreffon pioneers of 1852, we find
the subject of this sketch, who was born in New
Hampshire in lN2ti. I.osiiifr his mother when
but seven years oM, he was taken into the fam-
ily of an uncle, with whom he passed his boy-
hood. Ills talent for mechanism was (tarly
develojied, and it was the hei^^ht of his youthful
ambition to iiiider.. niid and run a steain-enirimi.
This early inclination dominated his entire ca
reer. Startino off with his small bundle while
tint a lad, he walknl to Charlestown and finally
to ^ranchcster, findiiio employment as an ap-
{irentice in the threat shojji. of that city. Ilis
pay was §14 a month and board. Toward the
chJse of his five years he received S2(l. After
fnlfillinif his time at tlie shops he turned liis
face homeward, anxious to .see his family, lint
more anxious, perhujis, to see an old-time school
mate who was dear to hie heart. At IJoston
his plans chantfcd; the citizens were agog over
the oold excitement of California, and meeting;
78

with a company of 1(10 yoiint^ men, each of
whom was putting up SHOO, the fund to be used
in the |iiircliase ami ('(juipment of the ship,
Leonora, to make the trip, young (iilman cast
in his lot with the daring comiiany, and set his
face toward the I*acifi<!. The ship was pro-
visioned for one year, and tlm yoiin;; ii<lventiir
ers embarked l'\diriiary 5, 1840, and arrived in
the land of gold July -Ith following. In the
ship were the parts for a small steamer, the
New ICiigland, which was put fogelher imme-
diately after their arri\al. An oiler for Ikm- of
SdO.OOO was promptly refused, and she now
runs upon tin up|ier liay and the Sacramento.
Sub.seipiei'tli , the coiniiany sold out and dis-
solved, .Mr. (lilmaii, like many of the others,
going to the mines. Sickiu'ss soon settled upon
him. and he was obliged to return lo San l'"raii
ciscii, takinir nassao'e on the old steamer, Sena
tor, on her first tii|i. After his recovery, the
luck of the young engineer went cross-grained
for a time, and at one lime he was in the con-
dition described in the West as "(lead broke."'
From this slough he was kindly lifted by the
loan of S50 from his old captain, (ireen. He
found employment (working at tiist without
pay) as assistant, and linally as engineer on the
.San J(ja(piiii. When this craft lust her iiaiful

ness and was abandoned, he bought, with a i i

pany, a small craft for .Sl,0(IO, which he used
for towing barges, anil afterward put herdii the
Oakland route. About this time an Oregon
man, James ^FcCord, of the firm of .Vbernethy
& Clark, brought the steamer. Uedding. for tow
ing vessels from Astoria to Oregon City. He
prevaili'd u|ion (iilman to bring her ii|i and run
iier that summer. He accepted the .-itiiation,
hut with no intention of nMiiaiiiing in Oregon.
The Keclding was the first steamer on the Co-
lumbia and Willamette, although the Hudson's
l!ay Company had a steamer, a 'oaster, which
rail up to Vancouver. On prei aring to return
to California, Mr. (iilman fcimd the steamer,
(ieneral Warren ready to I'ave .\storirt, but re-
fused th(! captain's reipiest to take passage, and
a l'ortuniit(^ i.'scape this was, as the steamer had
biiiciv crossed the bar before she sprang a leak,
and Iiad to run upon the Clatsop Sjiit, where
she went to pieces ami many ol the |iiii-s('ngers
were lost. To put in the time, Mr. (iilman ac-
cepted a |)osition as engineer on the Miiltno-
innli,ontlie route to Oregon ('ity (1852). Three
year later, having acipiired that love for the
Columbia river, which her majestic waters In

1241!

IIIHTORY UK OllKGON.

>-|iiiv, Im was eniployed iijxni the I'l'll. which
ran to tho l)iilli'8. Discovt'iinu; tlic imiiiniiKU
piolitrt (if riavi(j^^atioti on tlic iippci' ('()liiiiil)ia, a
rdinpanv "as ornaiiizcil, aii<l Alessrri. Aiiisworth,
Kaiiiiii ami (iiliiiaii bi'iran the constriictioii of
thi> (Jarrif I-aild. 'J'his was Iniilt in the most
Biiht^tantial niamier, indeed, witli tlie c.\|H'C'tation
that she could run tiie ni|)ids at the (Cascades.
This was the heijinnini: of the ()roi;on Steam
Xa\ i;,'atioii Company, which is the <rrtfat com-
jiaiiy of river and ocean steamers centerinjf at
i'ortiand, and lias lieeii one of the most distinct-
ive Oreijcn or;;ai.izationb ever estalilished. It
has made Portland, and tlironjrji it the <rreat j
fortunes of the State liave ix^en huilt up. With !
the increase of liusiness the company added new
steamers, huilt the railro!\<l around the cascades I
and the Dalles, and the y)n>tits became very i
^reat. anio\inliMj,r to !S1,0()0 a nuintli. Captain '
(rilman remaineil with the cuni|)an\ ir many ■
years, investing; his money in PurtUm I property
to goml advantage. lie hnilt the (Tilman
House, one of tiie leading iiotels of the city.

.Vfter fiv(! years on the coast, ifr. (iilman re-
turned to his native town, and niarrie<i an old
schoolmate. I.aura F. Graves, with whom he
letnrned to his home on tlie Willanuitte. They
have oidy one child, Ida, the wife of Albert
McK'innc.

Captain (Tilman liieti July lit, 18U1, his wife
having preceded him, leaving his estate to his
daughter and her children, llavinji; seen Port-
land grow from one hoiisi' to a prosperous city
of 75.000 people, the (^iptain had abiding faith
in her ultimate greatness as tlie metropolis of
the Northwest. His career should be a lesson
to young men. His heritage was liut the gift
of all New JMiglanirs sons thrift, perseverance
and integrity, but by closely adhering to a ti.'ied
princi])le, he attained the full measure of his
success.

fK( ) r:GE W A LTK i{, proprietor of the Rogue
liivcr Prewery, is a native of (Germany,
born March 1), 1830. He was reared and
educated in liis native country, and came to \
America in 1S54. lie spent tlie first year in '
New York, but came the following year to
Oregon, and located at Portland in 1^51). While :
here he enlisted and parliei|iated in the Indian
w.ir. He ne,\t locate(i at .lacksonville. Jaekson
county, and Ironi tiiere went to San Francisco, j

California .Vbout this time lie paid a visit to
his old home. From IS.")7-'58 he was a butchei',
and in 18(5.") he returned to ( >regon and estab-
lished the above uame<l brewery. Here he has
carried on a good business, althougii his trade
is confineii almost exclusively to the county.
He has a wagon delivery and does a large re-
tail business. The brewery has a manufacturing
capacity of tivt* barrels daily, and the product of
this lirewery is considered to be very tine.

He has been marrieil twice, and by his last
marria^'e h(( has five ebildren, namely: .Mary,
Lula. HeiMiian, Augusta and Minnie.

Politically, he is a strong advocate of tiie
Farmers' Alliance party, ami is ipiite active in
the interests of it. He is a member of the A.
F. & A. M. in all the degrees, of the A. (). U.
W., I. <). (>. F., and Ivniglits of Labor.

Mr. Walter is a man of plv.gl■es^ive views, and
is thoroughly posted on all the topics of the day.
.\bove all things ho is a stanch advocate of the
e(juality of all men.

fOEL W.VItK. Prominent in the history of
Lane county, we find tlic subject of tiiis
sketch, who was born in Mahoning county,
Ohio, in 1S.'}2. His parents. A^;l and Sarah
(Crew) Ware, were natives of New .Jersey and
Virginia. res|)ectively, and sub.se(juently settled
near Salem, Ohio, wliere Mr. Ware engag-d in
farming, and they passed their lives in this
(juiet way.

JoLd was 11(1 content with the lit- that he
led with his parents, and in the spring of
1802, pining for change, he started tor
California, across the plains, and reached the
land of his desire in September, landing at Sa-
cramento. He began his life in the new country
by bookkeeping and printing in the office of
the I>ee, which was started as a Kej ublican

gaper, an<l is still in wide circulation over the
acramento valley. He continued in the office
until 1857. He then went by water to Oregon,
and locatt>dat Eugene (Mty in 1858. He then en-
gaged in the printing business, and established a
Ilcpublican papercalled the People's Press, which
was reorganized by the party ancl circulated
throughout the State. Severing his connection
in 18(')1, he entered the Surveyor (Tcneral's of-
fice as chief clerk, tilling that position for nine
years. In March, l^fi.1, lu' entereil into part-
nership with Harrison U. Kiiicaid, and estab-

iiisniity (IF (iiiKdos

ViM

isit t.)
teller,

lu lias
trado

)iit)ty.
re-
iiirino
net of

lislied tlie Oregon State Journal, and eoiitinmui
his cmuH'ction with the jiiiitcr iiliniit a yoar,
perfonniiiir, nieunwhili', lii.s duties in tlm survey-
or's ottii-e. In 1870 ho was ult^cted (Mork of
Lane county on the ltu|)ubli(',in ticket, and
tliony:li the county was Democratic, he was
elected continuously and tilled that i)o>ifion for
twenty years, wiicn, in IS'JO, ii., refused further
nomination. lie tiien cnjiaged in a liind-oflice
business, in honiestciidini^ and olitainiu:; pat-
ents. He has 400 acit^s of land near Irviuij,
and a stock and fruit farm in the Mohawk val-
ley, with valuable I'csidencc property in Kuijone.
Mr. Ware was married in Wiisliinirton Terri-
tory, in 1801, to Hlizabetli Cocliran, daughter of
James II. ('(xdiran, a ])ioneer of ISaii. Tliey
have five children: William, Frank A., Freder-
ick F., Mary and Joel. He is a memlier of I.
(). () I'".. in(duding the Kncaiiipmeiit, and the

A.o. r. W.

(UTHUU WAKXFU, deceased, an hon-
ored Orei^on pioneer of 185:2, an esteemed
_^_ citizen of Oregon City, and a widely and
favoial)ly known public man. was the second s(Ui
of John (7e<u'ge and Ann Warner, an(l was born
at Walton, on the 'J'hames, Surrey county, Fn-
irland, April 17, 1828. lie was reared and
educated in his native city, and learned the c.ar-
jienters' trade.

In 1840, on attaining his majority, he emi-
grated to the United States, and worke(l at his
tra<le for some time in Hnffiilo, New York,
later, going to (linciunati. Ohio. In 1852,
when the extreme West was offering indu<!e-
ments of importance to poor but intelligent and
energetic men, he emigrated to Oregon.

Arrived at his destination, he tirst located in
Fola, where he Ituilt a saw and grist mill, and
met with very encouraging success in business.
His attention, however, was smuewhat (liv(v.-ted
from this channel by the sly god of love. Cu-
|)id, who. safely en.sconced in the bright eyes of
Mifs I'Jizabetii Kiser, soon led him e;lptiv(^
(Tracefnlly surremlering to the inevitable, ho
wediled this fair and amiable lady on November
2;i. 1854. and soon afterward sold his interests
in Fola and romove<l to Oregon VM.y. He here
fornnid the ac(juaintanc(M)f Ma joi' Thomas Thar-
man. with whom he eng.aged in the mercantile
business, whi(di they carried on successfully for
a year, when. Mr. Warner's health failing, the

rtnership was disBolved by n.nlual consent.

Mr. Warner then decided to go for rest and
recreaticuion a visit to his relatives in Fngland.
After a year sjient agreeably and with gratify
ing results, he returned to this country ,and to
Oregon City, and rcunoved with his family to a
farm near the city.

lieiiig a man of superior aliility. of exalteil
iuteyrity. well educated and progressive, hi' at
onc(^ nuide a d('e|i impi'cssion on his ,'i('i|uaint
ances and neighbors in Clackamas county, and
soon became a leader anmug (lumi. In ls7l
this fact was emphasized by liis tdection to the
otHce of Sheriff of the county, and this prefer-
ence was ratified by his rc^-election at the ex-
piration of histerm. He afterward representeil
his county in the State Legislature for a lei'fo.
displaying in this ca])acity his usual excellent
jiniguient and probity of charact<'r.

Ili^ health, which was never r(d)iisl, coni iniied
to fail, until timilly. (Ui August Lt, 18S',), he
died in the midst of his family iind friends, in
his si.xty-first year. Hy tiioBo to whmu tlie
welfare of their city and State was most dear
this event was considered a ]>ublie calamity, as
an indomitable champion of universal right was
laid low. Members of Multnomah Lodge. No.
1, .\ F. & \. iM. to which he had belonge(| for
years, took a prominent part in his obs((|uie8.
His loss fell heaviest on those; g(Mitle beings who
had been most intimately associateil with bin',
and who knew best his wcu'th.

Three children are deccase(l : .\lfreil, Surrey
and Imo. Annie is now Mrs. .Mfred iving, and
resides in Ilwaco, Washington. Two children,
Ilideli ami Arthur, reside with their mother on
the hoiiu' farm, which the son is mamigmg.
Another son, (Jeorge. is a primiinent biisineBS
man of Oregon City. He was born August 2(i,
18()7. and was reared on the home farm, attend-
ing the public schools, and gradiniting from
Armstrong's Ihisiness College, in I'ortland. in
1888. He was first engaged in the salmon
canning business, when he afterward I'airu' to
Oregon City, and purciuisiMl a haH'-interest in
the furniture ent.-i prisi; of Mr. liolman. the
firm becoming Hohnan iV Warner. They have
met with encouraging siu'Ci-ss. and mic doing a
general fnrniiure and uiulert.aking business.
Hoth of the members of the firm are eiiterpris
ing young men of ability ami integrity, ami
have the confi<lence of the entire community,
by whom they are liberally jiafronized. Mr.
Wiinu'r is an active imnnber of the i?oanl of
Traile of Oregon City. i< public spirite<l, and

I'>48

ll/STOnr OF OIIFOON

11
II

taken II deep iiit('i-o»t, in liK-al ami Stiitu alt'airs,
as wi'll an ill tliuPc of liis wliole ("(Hiiitry. Hu
in a liij^iily rc-iiiecteJ ineiiiln'r oi' tin- Kniirlits of
Pytliias.of which nnhtr ho is Prehit(!.

The ahilitii's and i^xaltml ri'iiiilation of tlio
futlicr rather oversliaihiw tlio a('ciiiii|)lishiiieiit«
of th(f soil, hut a clos*! atialyi^iH of their oliaracturs
woiilil show that they iiad iiiiifii in coiuiiioii.
Tlicre is the same incisive ju<lf;;riuMit, ilelicale
sense of lioM' , incontrovertilile proiiity of char-
acter, hijfji morality and iinil'oriii kiiullinessof
iiiunner, all of which have irained for the present
representative of tlm family, as they did for the
former lii^ad and heloved meiniier, the universal
esteem of his fellow-nien.

I^X^'^

fOlIN 11. liOWLANI), a prominent farmer
and stock-dealer of lieiitoii coiitity, Oretjon,
is a native of Jackson county, ilissouri,
where ho was horn < )ctoher iU), 18H4-. lie
comes of a loiitj-lived and imiiierous family, their
ancestry datiii"; hack to early colonial times.
His paternal grandfather was a hrave and dis-
tinmiislu'd soldier in the Uevolntionary war,
piirticipatinif through the entii'e time of that
famous striiirgU- for independence. His father,
Clark Rowland, who <lied in 1848, was a native
of Pennsylvania; while his mother, whose
maiden name was Allies Harper, was a native
of Tennessee, and died wlieii the suhject of this
sketch \vas(initc young.

Mr. Rowland was reared in Missouri until he
reached the age of si.xtet'n years, when, in 185"2,
he caine to California, locating in Sierra county.
Tln-re, lie turned his attention to stock-raising,
and, hy good management and close attention
to husinesp, succeeded in accumulating a com-
petence. He remained in California ahont
eighteen years, when, in 1870, he came to Hen-
ton county, Oregon. He now possesses (iOO
acres of choice agricultural land, located four
miles south of Corvallis. ;i50 acres of which is
devoted to general farming, with one an<l a half
acres in a prune orchanl two years old, hesides
a small fumily orchard in tiearing. I'esides
this, he owns sixty-eight acres adjoining the
town, where he has ten acres planted in prune
trees, and contemplates planting ten acres more
of the same variety of trees; the remainder of
the tract is devoted to general farming.

Mr. Rowland was married in I'enton county,
on .Inly iiO, l^t)8, to Miss Rozella Lewis, a na-

tive of Oregon. Her father, llayinen C. F.ifwis,
crossed the iilains to Oregon in 1845. Mr.
and Mrs. Kowland have seven children living:
William .11., Frank C., (yharles W., Mary E.,
George, Tlunnas, and James. One son is de-
ceased.

Politically, Mr. Rowland is a Democrat, and
was elected County Corninissioner in ISSiJ, serv-
ing in that capacity for one term, displaying
marked ability and energy. He has always
taken an active interest in school matters, and
served for about five years as a meinher of tlio
School Hoard, District No. 14, giving eminent
satisfaction to all coucorned.

Socially, he is allied with the F. & A. M.
hlue lodge and chapter.

Whatever success Mr. Rowland has attained
in life is due to his own exertions, lahoriously
applied and persisted in with rieterniination.
Ilis many sterling (pialities of intoiloct and
heart have gained for him the universal esteem
of his commniiity.

<•>?>

W. n. SAMSOX, the prompt and ro-
liahle Sheriff of (;lackamas county,
* was horn in Somerset county, Penn-
sylvania, July 2, 1842. Hia father, Henry
Samson, was also a native or' Pennsylvania, of
(lernian descent, his ancestry coming to Amer-
ica settling in the Keystone State in its I'arly
history. Tlu^ grandfather, Richard Samson, was
a soldier in the Revolution, and stood the rigors
of that trying winter at Valley Forge. Mr.
Henry Samson married Miss Ellen Boyle, a na-
tive of his own State, and had eleven children of
whom six are living; two sons and fonr daugh-
ters, all in Oregon. Tho family came to Ore-
gon in 185ii. overland, settling in (Uackainius
county, on the Mollala river and on a donation
claim, huilt a small log house and hegan pioneer
life. There was no schoolhouse nearer than
Oregon City, and the subject of tiiis memoir did
not have the advantages of a school education.
At the ago of seventeen jears he could not
write his name. He worked with his father
until they paid all their delits, and then he went
to school. He learned rapidly, anil was quali-
, tied to teach school in a snort time. His first
school was at (rliul Tidings schoolhouse, and he
contiuned there for thirty-five terms! in Clacka-
mas and Marion counties. He has a sister who

lIlHTttliY OF DIIKdOS.

1249

•iiig:

!•:.,

.Ic

niid
serv-

I ways

and

tiio

iiii'iit

Imw tuiiglit tiftv-fievni) Ummms; she is now the
wife ot' Alluift lloigi'rity, I'csiiliiii; iit Uiiiiitinii.
AftiT his coiitimiou.'* iinil biicw^smI'hI toHciiinfr for
KO many tei'iiis, liu (filtered into winti'act to carry
tho mail hetwi'cn < )remiii City and Wiliinit
S|)rings. Tlieii iiu was I)('|iMtv SiuM-iir tor fuur-
tuen years, and next was I'loctcd Shcrifl', l)y tiio
liOpnlilicans, riinninfj; far ahead (if his ticket.
lie served two years and was rt; eh'cted, and lie
is now serviiij; liis seeond term, lie lias heen
a jiolite. energetie and reliahle otlicer. Ina(hli-
tioii to the usual duties of Sherilt' lie has had
the oounty taxes to eoileet, and lie has tilled
this resp(;nsilile position in a most creditahle
manner. Ilis honds are §iJ(),(K)().

Mr. Samson is a mt'iiilier of the Masonic fra-
ternity; is j'ast Master, and is also a Koyal
Arch Mason. In the 1. <). (). F. he lias passed
all tiie chairs, and he is an otlieer and a Trustee of
the A. (). U. W, As a voter he cast hia first
vote for Ahraliani Lincoln for I'resident of
tlie Knited States, and ever since then he has
been an active Kepnhlican. Durinj; tho jfreiit
civil war he was active on the side ot the
Union; was Orderly Serf^eaiit of a company
that was organized in ()ref;oii to prevent se-
cession at home. liotli his own life and that
of his father were threatened at that time.

Financially. Mr. Samson has heen successful.
He has invested in land, and now lias three
farms, iigf^refratiufj; ahout KOO acres, on which
are raised irrain and stock.

In 18M;{ lie was married to Miss .Iidianna
K. I'orter. a native of Oreiron, ami the daii^jhter
of Stephen Porter, a pioneer of IN-t? and a
man of prominence in his county. .Mr. and
Mrs. Siimson have one daughter, named Echo
W. V.

fUGKXK I). WHITi:, one of Portland's
most progressive and enterprising citizens,
is a native (d' the State of Oregon, horn in
Clackamas county. Octoher KJ, 1S51. lie is a
son of the Hon." Samuel S. White (see hist
ory elsewhere in tliis volume), and was reared
on the tarni his father located in 1845. lie re-
ceived his education in the coiiimnn schools of
Forest City and Portlaml. and hegaii his hnsi-
ness career in the Jatter city in 1S8(). o|ienin^f a
real estate, insurance and money loaning otlice,
the lirm name heing FeriT i^: White; Inter it
was Ferry, White iV Co., and in 18H1 hecaine

Kiigono I). White & Co. In addition to this
enterprise wlii(di Mr. White has conducted with
signal success, he is connected with some of the
most important corporations of the city ; he is
president of the Citi/eiis" Investment (Company,
is president of the Commonwealth Invc-lmeiit
Company, is president of the Portland I'nilding
iV Loan Association, and is secri'tui'y of tho
Portland Railway Conipany. of whiidi lie is also
a director. For the past eleven years h(« has
heen handling niany of the large additions tu
the city of Portland, .\lways loyal to Inmio
interests and home enterprise, he has aided very
materially in the growth and de\eloprneMt of
X\w. city, and it is to men of such hioad, piihlic
spirit that hei' present prosperity is owing.

.Mr. White was marriei! in lS7li to .Miss
Funice (iiltnei-, the oldest daughter cd' .1. S.
Ciiltner, of I'orthind, and they have had horn
to them one son, Kiigene <i. Our worthy suhjixit
is a meitiher of thcMasiuiic fraternity, and has
attained all the degr'es, to and including tho
thirty-second. Scottish Itite.

tFNUV WllITF. who came to this Slate
as early as 1851, and in honor of whom
the town of Wliiteson, Vain Hill county,
was named, was horn in Pennsylvania, April :2H,
1811. of Fiiglidi ancestry, who settled in Aiiier-
iea prior to the Uevolution. Charles White
was horn in Priiiisylvania. and Henry's father,
liohert White, was horn in Virginia. The lat-
ter married .Miss Flizalicth Hraiinon, a native of
Peniisyhania. and had six sons and two dangli
ters, of whom (i\e are still living.

Mr. White of this sketch, the third child in
the ahove t'ainily, moved first to Ohio and after-
ward to Indiana and Missouri, and at length
came to Oregon, with oxen, in 1851. hringiiig
his family along with him. He setllcMl lirst in
.Marion county, on what is called the Waldo
Hills, .\fter a fi^w years he rMww ami setth^d
on land just across the river from Wheatland;
and after a few years' residence there he pur-
chased the :iO(l acres of land upon which Uio
town of Wheatland is situated; and after a res-
idence there of four years he sold out and
hoiight the :5(K) acres of choice land where Im
now resides. Through this property the narrow
gaiiiM' railroad has heen Imilt. Mr. White
subdivided a p(Mtion of his l;ind for a villago,

1250

niSTOUr UF OHKdON.

and it was niitncil WliitoKnii. in his hoiiin'. as
iilrcjiily htiili'il. It is a beautiful town site, now
liavirii^ a hotel aiitJ a few stores, iiiid a e.ori'e-
sjiondini^ iiuiulier of I'esideiiees.

Wiiileat Wheatland Mr. White Iield the ottiee
of .lu.stice of the i'eace. lie is now in hi*
eif;hty-Hrst year, lie Ims heeii a harilworkiiig,
lioMoriihh! cilizen.

.Mr. White was iiiiirried in N'ohle county,
Indiana, Marcii 'IX, ls:it), and liad eiirjit '■hil-
ilren. While crossing the plains his little son.
live years old, fell from the wa;;on and hroke
his lej;. .Ml the snrvivinj; n'oniUers of the
family are liviiia in this State. The eldest son
died when ahout for'v years of acre; .Andrew .1.
has a family and resides in the i'ast(!rii part of
the .State; Uolierr re^ides in .Me.Minnville. a
fanner; William Iv . « ho is at himie with his
lather, was horn ii' 1850, ?narried Miss Lizzie
'I'aehan, a nativ.' of Iowa, and is now runiiin<);
th(^ farm and imiiiii for his aged ])arents (His
iiiotlu'r is atilieted with paralysis, and his father
is hlind, thouirh still of active intellect.) One
of the danj^hters, Mary W., married .1. N. Stan-
ford, hail one child, and died in IS74; Sarah F.
hccanie the wile of I' rank Shepherd, and resides
in the eastern [Hirtion (d' Oregon; Kinily mar-
ried .Matthew < 'oolycr and resides in McMinii-
ville; .Vnnis married John I'orter and resides
in Marion county, on her father's old donation
I'laim.

J||||a[lLl,I.\M WIIITI,0(;lv was born in
wranlH London, Knoland, November 27, 1825.
r ^tS lie was educated in his native city and
learnetl the trade of copper-plate printer. lie
was married in his native city to Miss Honor
Marks Smith, July, 1848. The ceremony was
performed in St. Alichael's Church. Shortly
after the marriage they took passage upon the
shij), Columbus, for V^mcouvcr, Hritisli Colum-
bia. They made the passage around the Horn,
hut the vesscil sprang a leak before n'aehing its
destination and they were obliijed to land at
the Sandwiidi islands and renia'Tied there three
weeks, then sailed for \'anciuver's islanil, wlicre
tlicy remained eight months, during which
time their first son, William, was born, .Inly
21, 1849, and was the first white child born on
that island. .Mrs. Whillock was the first white
woman that landed (mi the island. Tiiere was
•n»i.'l,..r '•'.• -M ti'o cUi... 1,1, f Af.-s. ■'Vliiflock

was the first to land. On the (ith of the fol-
lowing November they sailt^l on the John W.
Carter, to go to Astoria, but landed at Oak
Point, where he worked at a sawmill at %f)
per day; Mrs. Wiiitlock helped in the house,
while he worked in the mill. They canity to
Oregon C/ity, where they arrived Soptend)er 15,
1851, and opened a boarding-lKuise on Main
and Ninth streets. It was an eight-roomed
house. Mr. Whitlock took '.'xre of the guestH
and attetided tt) the outs nnitters, whilo

the little pioneer wife die' e cooking ami
they took care o) many of ' men wdio after-
ward became famous. December, 1852, their
second son, Hdward Henry, was born. In
IS53 Mr. Whitlock purchased a building on
.Main street and o|)eiied a store. Their goods
were j)nrcha.-e<i in San Francisco. He did a
successful business for three years and then
sold out and clerked in the store of Charles
Pope k. Co., later clerked in the store of
.Vinsworth & Deardorf. Some time later he
and his wife opened another eating-house.
In 18(i() they returned to England and visited
their friends and returned to San Francisco
and remained two months, and then returned
to Oregon. For some years prior to his
death he was engaged in the merchandise
trade. He served as ('ity Recorder for six
years ami also was Justice of the Peace; 'at the
time of his death he was Alderman of Oregon
(,'ity. Mr. Whitlock was reared a member of
the Established Chiireh, but. there being no
church of his faith in Oregon City, he joined
with the (Jongregationalists, who needed help
and he soon became an imj)ortant factor and
served as Clerk and Trustee, and .".iso was Su-
perintendent of the Sunday-school. For six
years he served as se.xton of the church, ringing
the bell, sweeping the building, making the
fires and often furnishing the wood and oil,
thus becoming a ru-cessity to it, keeping it
alive. They bnilt a j)ar6onage, and he, while in
his last sickness, obtaitied a |iromise from his
wife that she would not allow the house to be
sold for the debt the church owed u|)on it,
even if she had to seltle the claim herself; and
this promise was readily given. His death oc-
currwl June 19, 188:J, when he was fifty-eight
years, six months and twenty-two days of age.
In his death his family, the church and the
county nu't a with severe loss.

The city officials passed resolutions, speak-
in": of him as a man of the highest integrity

lllsniKV Oh' iHiKIION.

VSi{

hikI Hcnt a letter of ityinpathy to his hereiived

wife, and lit his fiiiii'riil tliu liiisincss pliiccs
(if tho town Were clo-cil. His wife f^till livfs,
ill her iioiit little eotliif^e. sihtoiiikU'iI hy the
Ihiwers that she teiiils, in the l)€iiiitifiil city
of which whc liaB so loiij^ heen an homired
resident. >She liad liueii a faitlifiil helpiiiatu
ill every kimihc of the word, working hard
wiiih' tliei'c was iit<eeBsity for it. Hoth her
sons are nmrried and reside in Orej^on City.
Mr. Wiiith)ck was a ijreat factor in the
hiiildinii nil of tlie city in whidi he lived,
always (.rivinif lilieially toward all iiiiprove-
iiients tiMidiiig to hiiild up the town. IJe was
a man well-known all over tin; States of Ore-
jjon and CaliforiiiH, and stood liiffh in all
liiisiness circles, lie was a man of stronj^
convictions and always tearless for the right,
and one of the liest friends to the poor and
<lowntroddeii of all rac(!s or color, and hcljied
many a iioor man who is now wealthy, and
was one of the liest and most loving of men
to his family.

?()I1N M. WATERS, a California pioneer of
1849, WHS horn ni'ar the hanks of Lake
Erie in ,\shtal)iila <'onnty, ( )liio, .luiniary
21, 1833. His ancestors wer<' amoiif; the ear-
lier settlers of Rochester, New V(;rk, and linilt
the first Hour-mill in that prosperous city. His
parents, William and Rachel (Co.\) Waters,
were natives of Rochester, siihseijiiently emi-
grating to Ohio, and in 1845 to Ilemy comity,
Iowa. There Mr. Waters engaged in farming,
jis he had in the several places in which they had
lived. In 1848 the family was hroken up liy
the death of Mrs. Waters, ami in the sjiring of
1849 John iM. Waters started out for the "West
with his Ill-other and a friend, Edward Ford.
The three fitted nji a horse teiini and started out
across the plains for California. They joined a
train of twenty-two wagons and made a rajiid
trip, covering the distance hetweeii St. Jo.so|>li,
Missouri, and Sacramento in 105 days, arriving
August 7, following. John met with a painful
accident early in the journey, hreakng his leg.
but after riiliiig three days.'crutches were con-
structed, and upon these lie walked across. They
began mining :.t llangtown and were among the
discoverers of the big bar on the Cosuiniies
river, which subse(|uently proved very rich.
Owing to his accident John M. was not able to

do iiiueli mining, 8o hired out to drive n ti am
between llani;tiiwii itml Sacramento, fur two
inonihs. and at the end of thai time leluriuMi lo
the mines ami built the lirst cabin at •• Mad
Springs" in the fall of 18411. There they spent
the winter and his brother William die.l. In
the spring of the next year. John boiiohl a leam
and dio\(' to Redilin<,f's iliggings ami IhIIhwimI
teaming. siili>e(|iienl ly going to San l''rioicisco,
where he emliai'keil by ship in .lanuiirv. ISoil,
en route for Oregon. Ila' ,ig arrived he pro-
ceeded to Mini <'ounty, and built the tirst house
in the present town of llarrisbiirg. In J8r)S he
went to .losephine coiinly ami engaf,'ed in farm-
ing. This occupation he followtvl one year and
then returiMMl to llarrisbiirg and puri'hii.-.id an
interest with Jack Hall in the old mill. 'I'liey
ciirrieil this on until IS(;2, and tliiMi Hall sold
his interest to Asa A. M<'(;iilly. hrollicr in-law
of Mr. Watcj's. and the new tirni continiieil
until 1S77. when .Mr. Waters sold his in-
terest and removed to I'rowiisville ami pur-
chased an interest in the ISrowiisville Elonr Mill.
They increased the capacity by re]ilaciii;; the
buhr mill by the roller process. The mill was
afterward sold to the wooh^i mill. He then
joined the Albany Woolen Mill Com|)any in
huililing at .VIbany. where ho still holds inter-
ests. Ill ISiil he «as one of a syndicates lo
liuihl a 'JO'l-liarrel mill at Seattle, but the eiiter-
jtrise was too groat for their caiiital. ami they
closed out. Mr. Waters has valuable land in-
terests at Merlin, Jo8(*|iliiiie county, besides tinu
residence (iropeity at Hrowiisville.

He was married in 18.")4 to Miss Klleii Moose,
a pioneer of 18o2. Tlu^y have four children,
Mary J., wili. of J. |{. R, Moreiock; RiuOicl L.,
wife of W. R. ( 'artwrif^ht; .loliri and William.

Mr. Waters is a member of the blue lodge,
chajiter and commandery V. it A. M., and
A. O. r. W.

-^#'

'?•!.•-. A=a_

fllANDl.KR I!. WATSO.X is among the
most worthy memherB of the bar of south-
ern Oregon. He is a man of nnassuining
disposition, and es]ie<'iaily reipu^sts that no un-
due praise sliouhl be given him in le produc-
tion of this article. While we will endeavor to
comply with his recjiiests. there are soiiu' facts
regarding the history of this gentleman which,
in ;)ur judgment, should be set forth in a work
of this charactirr.

I '^'>'i

lllHTOIiY OF (tUKUOS.

Siiicn liiH iiilvciit iiitd the Statu of Orcfjon,
III' liiis lici'ii iiiii' iif it-i iniixt |iiililic-s|iirit('il uikI
|>iiigi('ssivi' citi/.fiis, fs|iriMiilly in tlii-il(\il(i|iiiin-
of iiiiiiin}f rii*inin:i'H nf HoiitlRTii < )i'c(^(iii, nl
llmiigli liis cM'iMitivc aliilit)' in iitlitT dc^ntuH
lilts lid!!! Iii^lily iMTilitiililc t<i liiiii in otlit-r
purts of tlic Stiitn.

Ak nil iitlortu'v lit- liiis liccii duly rt'coffiiizt'd
as an alilf and (■oiirti'iiMitiDiis [iraclitioin'r, Ixitli
imioiif^ till' iii('iiil)cn* of tlic It'^al fiatiTiiity and
tlic iiiililic al liirof. Ah a iiiaii of literary iiliil-
itv lit' lias alsl^ lii'i'ii liii^lily lioimrcd, not only in
llli^ Statu, Init iilso in (!alifornia. I'rior to liin
last study, lit" also lias hat! many years exne-
rieiice in jiiiiriialislic circdus, and during tliat
time has |irodiieeil many al>le and viilnalile pro-
ductions of a statistical and historical mitiirc, hut
owinir lo liick of space we will not ffo into de-
tail in this notice, hut in jnstico to him will
stale thai from early hoyhood he has hceii an
active and indnslrioiih worker, both montally
ami physically. A hrief resiime of his life and
various clianires imiy not he amiss in the sket<di
ol this nature.

•Ml-. Wal-on was horn near i'ittstiold, I'ike
county, Illinois, Novenihur 24, 1841). His
paternal anceslors were of Scotch and Welsh
<'xtriiction, whose advent to America antedates
the Uevohitionary clays, his f;randfather havinjt;
imrticijiated in the hattli' of Lundy's l.ane.
riie Watsons first located in the State of New
York, t'handler I'. Watson's parents were
William T. anil .laiie (Mitchell) Watson. The
former a native of Indiana, while the latter was
of < Ihio. She was of Kiiolish extraction, her
people heinj; amon^ the pioneei'w of the Buck-
eye State, Her j^randfather, Charles .Mitchell,
was a pioneer ot Vermont, and was connected
with the early Indian wars of Iiuliana.

The snhject of this ;l,etch was the second
child in the family of nine children.

lie received a liljural education in the public
schools of Logan county. Mo came to Califor-
nia in 1870, and locateil at Woodland in Yolo
county, where he remained one year, thence to
Ashland, Orej^on, where he studied law and was
admitted to practice in 1877. lie was one of
the Presidential Kloctors of 1880, and had the
honor of carrying the State vote to Washington.
.\fter the inaufjuration of (ilartield, he returned
holm- and was appointed Collector of Customs,
in 188'2. for the district of soutlu'rn Ore^ron,
with hcadiiuarters at Goos I'ay. This position
ho tilled for three years.

.Mr. Watson Is ii staiudi helievor of the .lack-
son principles to thi^ vii^tor Ih-Ioui; the spoils;
and. in coiisc([uence, was the first collector in the
United States to t(Mider hi.s resignation after
the election of ['resident ('leveland. lie wb8
Deputy Prosecuting Attorney, at Astoria for a
jieriod of two years.

After returning to the city of Ashland lu! re-
sumed his |)rofeHsioiial practi<'e, and was the
candidate of his party for rroseciiting .\ttorney.
He has always taken an aittive interest in the
W(dfar(! of his Jiarty, it lieiiig the He|)ulilicaM,
and liiis eaiiviissed this section several times hy
the reijiU'st of the Central ('onimitteo. At the
present time Mr. Watson is devoting most of
[lis time to the developing and mining prosper-
ity, hoth (jiiarry and placer mining; Ihe lesidtB
ot past and prtwent investigation have U'eti
highly satisfactory, and Im has great faith in the
future dev(dopinents of Jackson comity.

.Mr. Watson was united in marriage at Ash-
laud, .Sopteudier 1, 18()4, with .Miss KM,-. < 'hit-
wood, daughter of Dr. J. II. Chitwood, who
hii ited in ( >regon in 187~. They have two
children: Lilly and Warren.

J. SAWTELL, of Molalla, Oregon, is
the pioneer and pnjsjjerons teasel-growor
|<* <d' the I'acitic coast.
Mr. Sawtell is a native of England, where he
was horn October '12, 1831), a descendant of
English ancestry. He was educated in his na-
tive land, and there learned the teasel husiiiess.
He landed in America in 1858, and alter re-
maining in Canada a year, cainc" in 1859, direct
to Clackanuis county, Oregon, where he pur-
chased 310 acres of land. Three of his broth-
ers bought land adjoining hira. In 1860 he
sowed tlio first teasel seed on this coast, having
brought seed with him, beginning on a small
scale to see if he could produce a good article.
The experiment proved satisfactory, and he at
once began to iu".rease his facilities for his
chosen business, and has carried on the same
successfully up to the present time. lie is the
only man engaged in this business west of the
Rocky monntains, and we uniy liore state that
teasel has only been raised in the United States
since 18.")0. Mr. Sawtell now has 2"J0 acres de-
voted to teasel growing, employs 120 men to
gather his crop, and has twenty-one men in his

niSTOUr l)h' OHKilttS.

IIh;
thr
!'ti-r
was
III' II

I'O-

tho

tiiiv.

tl'iu

III,

I'V

tllir
f

IIT-
SIlltH
Ix'tMJ

1 the

liii'jiL' frtctory »'iij{i»j{i'(l ill tlu! |)n'|mrtioii nt' tin*
tuftHt'l for iimrkct. As liio uifttililicliiiiciit in tiiu
only one in tlui Went, and iih liis |ii'(i(|ii('t is iisi-il
cxtciisivelv in tiic iimnnfiictm'c di' all wmdIi-ii
goods I'cijiiiring a naii, it limls a iciiily inarki-t
on till! coast. Mr. Siiwtcll tlioi'oiiohly iindtsr-
stands liis liiisiiii'ss. Iln is ilin invontui- of iiii-
])roved iiiacliint'ry for his work, and in Ids
im'tory puts up tdirlittuMi ;;radt'i ot toascds.

Of [lis private life, wc state that the snlijeet
of our sketeh was iimrried March 2i{, l><li!l, to
Miss l'',li/.a K. Dililiie, a imiive of the State of
Iowa, daughter ol Horace I Ulihle. The |)il)lili!
t'aiiiily came to tiiis 8tiite in 1852, and now re-
resides on the Molalla plains. Mr. and Mrs.
Sawtell have one dulighier, Ivn May, who is now
attending school.

He and liis wife are charter iiieinlpers of the
(iriin^e, and he is Overseer of the order. He
is in politics a Ue)»nlilican, hut is ipiite independ-
ont in his vimvs. A man of inteority and ex-
cellent liiisiness (pialiticatioiis, he has won liis
way to success and gained for hiniseif an eiivi-
ahle reputation.

fACOI! WOKTMAN, a prominent factor in
the growth and jirosperity of McMinnville,
an (ireifoii pioneer of l>sr)2, and the founder
and president of the First National Hank of
McMinnville, is a native of New lirnnswick,
where he was liorn March I'.t, 1827. His father,
.lohn Wortman. was of (iernian ancestry, who
was l)orn in New Brunswick, and married Miss
Rebecca ("aine, a native of England. They had
six chilclren, five of whom are now livinir.

When the suhjectof this sketch, who was the
second child, was lint two years old. his jiarents
removed to Ohio, whieii was then a wild and
sparsely settled country. Here they resided un-
til 1838. when they ai^ain removed this time
farther west, to Iowa, \vher<! our snliject was
reared to manhood, and where he received his
education. His mother died in Fowa, in 1838,
soon after their removal to that country, while
his father surviveil her nine years, expiring in
184-7. lamented hy many friends.

While yet young, Ixd'ore reaching manhood,
he was left miich to his own rcHonrces, andsnji-
ported himself by working as a farm hand, re-
ceiving 50 cents a day, or. wlien he worked by
the month, SIO and board.

Ill 1850 III' was niarricil to Mis* Klizii Ann
Stiimho, a native of \'irninia. a nnmt wurthy
coinpanion, who eontrilnited by gooil ailvice and
iinluslry to his success After two years of
farming, they secured the nieaii> with which In
procure an ontlit for cri»'.ingthe plains In Ore
goii, when tiiiiilly, with a covered wagon and
live yoke of oxen, his wife ami eldest (inii, .iolin,
who was tliiMi an infant, in eompanv with forty
other wagons, he started on the long and ha/,
ardons journey across the jilains; nnd with lii>
long. o\ whip on his shoulder, he male iiio-t of
the journey on loot. Tliat year the cholera was
epidemic, and the many newly made graves
along the route, where a cuiistanl reminder of
the very great risk they were Incurring, and
had he not been accompanied by his luinily Mr.
Wortiimn would not I'ave undertaken the jour-
ney. The eoin|)any were prepared agaiiii-t an
attack from the Indians, and stati<ine<l a giiiiiil
eve; y night, t prevent siirpii-e and po-sible
(l.'predations friim the ii'd men,

I'inally, on September I!), ISo'J. they arii veil
in I'ortland viithont money, s'i'angers in a
strange land: but with healtli. cnurage and
willinj' hands, tln^y began the battle of life, He
at lirst worked by the day at odd jobs, and was
finally hired in a livery stable at sjllo a immtli,
an<l in this way lived safely through that lir^t
seveie winter in Oregon. In the spring he took
a donation claim, lociiteil tin the Willamette
•iver, situated aliont seven miles south of < tie
gon'Cify. It was covered with heavy, line tiin
her. <iut of some of whieli he built his cabin, and
when all was completed, took possession of it.
That .-iimmer he made a small clearing and in
the tall obtaineil employment on the river as a
boatman, beginniiig as a ileck-hainl on the
steamer Oiegoii. A year later he was promoted
to the p<isitioii of mate, in which capacity he
continued for nini; years. At the end of this
time, in I8('i-1, he opeiu'd a grocery store in Ore
iron City, continuing in that business for ten
years, meeting with remarkable success, and be-
coming one of the leading business men of the
city. IJesidcB this, he was one of the founders of
the wo(den factory, tlie first institiiti mi of its
kind in the State, and an eiiterjirise which (i is
contributed iiiiudi to the general prosjM'rity of
the muniei|iality.

In 187t he sold his biisiiiehs interests in
Orei'on ('ity ami removed to .Junction (ity.
Lane county, where he opened a general mer-
chandise store, after whiidi betook his ^ons into

ir.4

uiaro/n iiF iiiih'iioN.

|mi'tiu>rHliip,iindiUrtMl«Moond store in Koiiton
cciuiity, MK'i'tiii^ with imiKt lliilti'ring riii<'c(!i«H in
liotli cntrrprixuB.

l''illHil}, ill ISHl, lie iciiiovcij to McMillli
villc, wiii'i't' ill' lit'ciiiiii' tlic I'lHimli'i' iiiKJ |ii'iii<'i'
iiiil owner (if liii' I'iisl Nnfi(pniil itii'ik, tlic tii'Kt
ill tile coiiiitv. Niiici' '\\h (■•^tiililii-liiiiciit. lid lm»
I II its |iri'Mi>lt'iit iiMii iiiiiniip'i', anil Iiiih Ihm-m of

very J»l'Cllt llhslHtllllCC to tin' l)ll«illl'fiS ItMli '.•o|l|.

iiu'i'ciii! iiitfi'csth of tilt- (Miiiiity, iiiui iiiiH (lone u
liirp- an<i I'miiiiiicrHtivi' liiiHineHs. lie now owiik
n vi'i'v ffrcnt niiioiint of iiiiiil< Ktocli, rciil fi-tiitu,
iiiiii (itlicr liiisiiifMH iiitd'i-HtK ill I'ortliinil, iiiid in
otlirr lilacCF' lit* irt one <if till- stoi'lvlioliltTS ol'
till' I'liii II MIock, one of the tii'Ht Hiilwtantiiil
liiiililiiii^s ill McM liinvilli'.

'liiree of Ills soiih were lioi-n in Oregon: John,
the I'hIeHt, wiix liorn in Iowa, and is now a
pi'oniineiit nieinher of OjilsiV Kiiiif, ii well-
known (ir^'-irooilH eotahliKhinent, of I'ortliiiiil,
whieh is one of tiie hirjjest retail stores of the
inetro|i(iliH; Kiank, the seeoml son. is a |ihy»i-
cian ill I'ortliinil; .lacoii Z., is a professor in the
.\<'aileiiiy of Natural Scienees in New York;
ami Ilardey ('. is witii his hrothi'r in the iiier-
eiinfiie InisineHs in I'orthind.

Mrs. Wortinan, the faithful partner of her
Inisliand's care and joys for forty-two years, is
still his eoin])aiiion is liis prosperity, ns she was
formerly a sharer of ids poverty and toil.

Mr. Wortinan has heeii a consistent ineniiier
of th(! Iie])iihliean party since its or^aiiizatinii,
and during the e.\eitenieiit in his State over s(i-
I'ession and the war, was plantdl like a rock,
tirnily on tli(! side of the ( iovcirnnient and the
I'liion. In apiireciatioi. of his many admirahle
(|nalities, his constituents have twice electeil
him Mayor of McMinnvilUt, hut he has never
eriived political position. He is a proininent
inemher of the Masonic fraternity, to the wel-
fare of which he is ever ready to contrihutc.

Of iiiiiinpeachahle fidelity and intejirity. sii-
jierlor hiisinoss ability, and courteous, ohliirin^
manners, he enjoys the respectful regard of his
fellow-inen. • ,

^-m-^ .

SUA.NK WOOD, a resident of Alhany, Ore-
oon, washor.; in Iliitlaiul, Vermont, in ISS.B,
and is descended from the Puritan settlers
of New Kngland. His ifrandfather was Chief
Kni.;iiieer under (-leiieraKieorge Wash iiifjton, and
diiriiif^' the einhargo of the Hudson river he

Htreti'hed across the rivi r a cliaiii, each link of
which wei^heil IIOII |)<iuiii|s, and tliiix preventeil
Kii;^lisli vessels from iiHcending the IIiicIhoii.

Mr. Wood's parents, (Cephas and Mary ( Wil-
C()\| Wood, Were iiiitivcn of Vennont. Ilis
father was reared on a farm, and was engaged
in ai.!i icnltnral pursuits in N'ernioiit. From
tlieie he moved to Illinois and liiiie;lit school
until IHH), when lie joinc^d the overland tide of
emigration, landing in (California after a six
months' journey. He at once engagecl in mill-
ing, and soon afterward opened a trading poHt
in Trinity county, where he mined ami traded
until iStiiJ. 'riiiit year he returned to Illinois
and eiigage<l in inercanlile pursuits at lilooming-
toli, reiiiaiiiing there until IS7I). I'ailing health
then caused him to return t<i California, where
he died in IHTH.

The ^nliject of our ski'tch received his educa-
tion ill Rutland, lioston and in Illinois. At the
age of seventeen he liegaii learning the Mack-
smith trade, whiidi ho followed until 1S.")4, wdion
he starti'il for California, via New V'ork and the
Nicaragua route. He was on the isthniiis dur-
ing the liattle hetween ( 'osta Uica anil Nicaragua,
and in the excitement all liif< haggiige was stolen.
Proceeding to 8aii Francisco, he went from
there to Trinity county, joined his itlier and
engaged with him in his trading and other
interests. In IHoS Frank began mining, and
for ten years followed that occu|)ation with the
usual miner's luck —sometimes rich and some
times without anytliing. He found one gold
nugget that weighed si.\ anil a half pounds, but
such finds were scarce indeed.

In 1H(18 Mr. Wood came to Oregon and lo-
cated in .iosephine county. He rnii a black-
smith shop there one year. Then he came to
Albany, built a shoj), and continued work at his
trade iiiifil 18H0, wiien he turned his attention
to the marble business, importing stone from
Uiitland, Vermont, and subsequently from
(Jeorgia. This business he continued until
1892.

In 1870 Mr. Wood discovered a stone quarry
in Henton county, a iiiih^ and a (jiiarter north of
Albany, wliicli he thought would some time be-
come valuable. In 1887 he purchased the site,
twenty-three acres, and began develojiiiig the
(liiarry. getting out building stone, the first be-
ing used as a foundation for a buililing put up
by kS. E. Young in Albany. With the develop-
ment of this stone it is found to possess many
points of value, being much superior to the usual

uisroin OH" (iitHdits.

i'.'."i.t

ink iif

Clltcil

Kin.
Wil-
li iV
KiiKf'l

I'VdMl

8*:llOol

illf (if

It Hl'x

niiri-

pOHt

laiiud
liiiiiiH

"i"K-
-iilth

wIk'i-o

inmliitiinL-. SIn ncrtix liiivc Hlrtmily Iioimi iIi'vi;!'

i>|i(m| iiikI oIkiw It ili>|illi (if ir)() fl'l!). Ill> JH

In 18s") the .Stiitc of Oregon (li-siii'il to jirc
Kontn niutiKiriiil tiililct to Ik; net in the Wiihliinir.
ton nidniiiiK'nt iit WiiMliiii^rton. District (f
( 'olninliia. Mr. WckhI Hceiircd t!n' contriict. hiiiI
t'min liin own niiiirry [inicliiccd ii htoni-, four iii il
n Imll fci't lonj.;, two fciM wide and i\ incl.rn
thick. On tlii> lie curved a cciitiT piece, vpui-
Ktintin^ till! cniit of urniH of iIk- Slatein' Oreijon,
whicli was surrounded liy enilijenis re|ir.'»eiitiiif{
ajjriciiltiire. Iiortienltnre, mining, tlowen*, ferns
and {»ra9Bt'n -all d'jHcriptivc of the rcKmirccH of
<>rei,'oii. Thin ir. mw of the tineHt Ktones in the
ini'ininiL'iit

,Mr. Wooil was niarried in 'I'liidly I'.oiiiitv,
(Jalifoniia. in IHIil.and Ijan three cliildreM, vi/.:
Frank N.; Klleti, wife ol Williiiin Henderson,
(if Oakhiiid, California; and .Vfary, wife of Will-
iaiii Pleifer.

In political iiiatterH .Mr. Wood is a Uepuli-
liean, and is an active worker in the ranks of
his jiarty, not however, lieiiifr an office seeker.

aAJ()U(iK()K(}K WILLIAMS. a hanker

and one of the rejiresentative Imsiness
men of Salem, (Jregmi, is a native of
Findlay, Ilancdck county, Ohio, where lie v. as
born on the 5th of Ajiril, ISSSI. He is the son
of Klijah Willi,.ni8, a proniint>nt Ohio lawyer.
His mother died when he Wdf (juite y(inii<r. after
which his father redoiihled his care, ^iviiij; his
education and personal traininfj his very closest
attention. Tritil he xa» twelve years of a^^e he
attended the piihlic schools of his native town.
In 1851 he removed with his father to Orejfon,
itiakipfi the trip across the plains. Hero he
finished his education at the Willamette I'ni-
versity, the president then lieinjj \\w Rev. Dr.
K. S lloyt. While a student here lie exhihited
the most talent and aliility in mathematics and
meelianie.al engineering.

Hefore any detinite plans for In-' life could
he made, the great civil war linrst u|iiin the
coniitry, and like a true son of Ohio and of
.\meri(!a he tendered h'x services. He juiniMl
tiie .\riiiy of the I'oloiiiac. and aooii liecmne
conspicuous as an elticieiit and iicll\c soldier.

< 111 April I I. ISti'.'. he was made Si nd l.ieuti ii-

anf of the Fourth lid'antry, and wii" soon after
iippoiii'ed Fir»t Lieutenant, and on -iuly '2.
IstlU. was made Captain. He pirticipated in
the liattle- of Second Mull Itiin. Antietam,
Fredei'icksliurg, Chancidlorsviile and (iettvt*-
luirg. and it »•a^ while heroicidly eii;;a;.'ed in
the hitter noted liattle that, on the 'Jd of July,
IstWJ. he received the wound whiidi resulted in
the lor> of hi^ rij;ht leg. wliiidi terniiii)ite(| his
further servic, in the war. His alteiidants
testify that, joined to his pli\>ical pain and
siilfering was the mental torture he exnerienced
at the ihoiight of his disahilily to further con-
tinue in till- service, the cause of which ap
peared to him so just, and the success, and linal
triumjih of which lie so ardently desired. .\fl(M-
four months spent in the hospital, he so far re
eoM'red as to he alile to i-eturn to his home,
which he did on the 1st of .Nmeiiilier, I'SOi?.
After the (dose of the war he ser\('d as .\id (le-
Cani|) to (ieiieral Freil .Steel, at \'aiicouver,
Wyoiiiiiif; Territory, and performed the same
service for (ieiieral L. I!, lioiisseaii and (i'Mieral
Ueoriie Crook, I'liili^d States Army.

In 1S7T the linn of Willimns iV: F.n^land was
formed in .Sulem. and for years they ciiiidiict(Ml
a suc(tessful real-estate and money loan in;,' liusi
ness. until 189(1, wdien they o|ienei| the li;inl,iiig
house of Williams iV Fn^^lnnd. .Major Will-
iams was also one of the oroani/ers of the State
Insurance Company of < )regoii, Im^Iii;; one. of its
directors, and of wdiich he is treasurer. His
liusiness experience has heen a veiy successful
one, in the various ventures in which he has
en^'ajred. .Major Williams cast his first presi-
dential vole for tlieilistingiiished patriot, .\liia-
liam Lincoln, since wliiidi time lie has faithfully
adhered to i\w, kepiihlicaii parly, and feels a
just |ii-ide in hi- |)arliei|iation in the electing of
such illustrious men as Lincoln. Crant, Oai'iield
and Harrison to the first otiice in the land.
Aside from his vote and influence for his party,
the principles of wliiidi he vigorously espoiisim,
he takes no further interest in jiolitical atl'aiiM.
lie li.'is the courage of his eonvictiniis. his in-
deiieiidence of character being respected alike
by friend and foe. He has never been an office-

I>i

1236

lUtiTOHY OF OHKGUN.

seeker, but Inisies liiinself witli liis own affairs,
Imviiifj the I'l^piitatioii of heiiiff h man of excel-
lent liusiness judirinent. He is tii'in in liis
friendshii) to i^ocxl, true and honest men, ile-
spisin^ sham, outward show and pretense of
every kind. In IHSS he was elected Mayor of
Sideni, in which Ciij)aeity he served to the liosl
of his ability tor two years. He is deeply in-
terested in the projrress of his city and .State,
and never fails to sup{)ort any enterprise winch
lias for its object their benefit and develojiinent.
He is a jjroniinent and highly esteemed member
of the (i. A. U.

Major Williams was married on the 25111 of
April, 1872, to Miss Hmma Adams, a native of
"\ani Hill county, < )regon, the eldest and only
surviving daughter of Hon. S. C. Adams. Her
f'alher came to Oregon in 1850. He was a
Christian minister, and was elected to the Ore-
jfou State Legislature. He is the author of
Adams' Illustrated History of America, and is
one of Salem's most respected citizens. Major
and Mrs. Williams have three childrtni, all born
in Salem: I"' red S., Lucy \. and Dick W. They
reside in a handsome and comfortable home,
situated near the State Capitol in Salem, which
is provided with and surrounded by all tla^ im-
i:"oveinents which refined taste can suggest or
abundant means can gratify. Here they reside,
secure in the respect and esteem of their fellow-
citi/ens.

S^i^t'V?**^'

fASON WHEKLKK, an Oregon jjioiu^er of
1847, and now an honored resident of Al
bany, was born in Ohio, August -t, 182i}.
S(](iii after his birth the family moved t(» New
\(irk, locating near Syracuse. His parents.
Deliverance and Margaret (Court) Wheeler,
wert^ of Knglish descent and :iatives of Vermont
and iNew York, respectively. Thi father was
I'Ugaged in agricultural pursuits all bis life.
His death occurred in ls3i.

The edneation of our subject was very limited,
owing to the inferiority of the schools of those
days. His s(di()ol reader in childhood was the
New Testament, which was followed by the old
English ri>ader, anti his other books were only
primary. With tiie death of his father, as the
family was large,— numbering eight sons, -and
the resources small, Mrs. Wheeler offered her
sons tlieir"time." .lasoii was the second child and
nt that time was eleven years of age. He has
ever since supported himself. The first two

years he worked for his board and clotlu^s, with
the promise of three months' schooling each year.
The three months, howe"er, were cut down to
about ei.x weeks. With advanciiiii years he se-
cured small wajjes, but the hiirbest he received
by the year was !?S per month, being at that
time eighteen years of age and doing a man's
work

While visiting his mother about 1843, as he
bade her good-l)_,e, young Wheeler said ha
wouldn't stop in his western journeyings until
he reached a place where he could call a piece of
land his own. He then went to (Jenterville,
southern Michigan, where he worked at the car-
penters' trade until March 4, 1847, when, with
C'olonel Lancaster, Aaron E. Wait and A. Van
Denser and their families, he started for Ore-
gon. They set out with two wagons and four
yoke of oxen, purchasing four addtional yoke
before reaching St. .losepli, Missouri.

They crossed the Missouri river on the 4th
of May, and started on tlufir long journey across
th(< plains. The train of which they were a part
was coin|)osed of forty-five wagons and about
150 people, Albert l)avi<lsoii being captain.
Captain Davidson had first crossed the plains
in 1845. AVith plenty of grass and water, they
proceeded inerrily, having little trouble until
they reached thelast crossing of the Platte river.
Here they had to make canoes and raft their
wagons across. Indians gave them little trouble,
though constant vigilance was necessary, and
they arrived at the Dalles late in Augnst.
Jason left the company on the upper Oolumbia,
and, with (ioveriior Aberiietliy, came down the
river in a canoe to the present site of Portland,
the place at that time containing only a log
cabin and a shake house. He continued on to
Oregon City, arriving at that ])oint September
7, 1847. Having heard of the Santiam e(}untry.
he struck out in that direction, and locate
acres near Peterson butte. Here he built a
cabin. He soon tired of "baching," howe _.,
and was among the first to respond to the call
of(iovernor Abernethy for volunteers to subdue
the (layuse Indians, who had massacred the
Whitman family. Ivpiipping himself, he joined
(Colonel (iilliam at the rendezvous, opposite
Portland, where 300 men gacliered themselves
together, and organize<l four companies under
Captains Maxwell, Hall, ,lolin Iloss and
^IcKye, and were mustered in .lanuaryU, 1848,
as the First Regiment of Oregon Uitlemen.
They then proceeded to eastern Oregon. At

ti40

OS
lowever.

■0.^-

clothes, with
(liii^reacli year,
re cut (l()«'ii to
ig yonrw lie se-
f8t lie received
, being at tiiat
iloiiig a mail's

lit 18-1:3, as ho

leeler sHi<l lie

i-tieviiiir« until

call a piece of

I (Jenterville,

ke(i at the car-

+7, when, with

lit and A. Van

tarteil for Ore-

aj^diis and four

aildtional yoke

iiiri.

iver on the4-tli
; journey across
ley were a part
ons and about
being captain.
'Sed the plains
and water, they
trouble until
the Platte river,
and raft their
III little trouble,
necessary, and
te in Auirnst.
|)|)er Colnnibia,
came down the
te of Portland,
iiig only a log
!oiitiinie(l on to
lint September
intiani country,
ii'l located (i-K)
; he built a log
ing," however,
lond to the call
teers to subdue
massacred the
ipolf, he joineil
;vous. opposite
red themselves
mpanies under
lin llosH and
inuary it, 1S48,
gon {{itieinen.
Oregon. At

HISTORY OF OHKUON.

1257

1
Wells Springs, in what is now (iilliam county, \

the [iiiliaiis made a standi and, after a s]>irited
contest, were repulsed. Mr. Wheeler siiti'cred ;
a severe wound in the ki.ee. Proceeding to the
site of the Whitman massacre, the wounded
were placed in a ruined adobe, and the troops
j)Ursued the Indians across Snake river, caiitur-
iiig over oOO horses and cattle. On ,lic return
march Colonel (iilliam was killed by the care-
less discharge of a gun that was lyiiisr on (jne of
the wagons. Arrived in ( )regon City, Mr.
Wheeler was received and cared for by warm
anil interested friends until his recovery. In
the spring of 18-ii), with a company of friends,
he started for the California mines. 'I'hey
worked a short time in the Redding diggings,
on the Sacremeiito river, each securing alioiit
$()0(). They then went to San I'ranciscd: and,
ill July, of the same year, einiiarked on the
schooner, W. L. Ilackstaff, for Oregon. The
schooner was wrecked at the mouth of Uoyen
river. The jiassengcrs, however, all made their
escape, and, shouldering their packs, gnus and
gold dust, started on foot for Oregon. .After
twenty days of the most intense siiff'iriiig from
fatigue and starvation, they reached the Califor-
nia emigrant road, where they met friends who
gave them food and assisted them on their jour-
ney to the Willamette valley.

In 1850 Mr. Wheeler took up a section of
land three miles from Lebanon, and married and
settled on this farni, and lived on it for tweuty
years, engageil in farming and stock-raising.
He was one of the active promoters of ihe \V.
V. <Si Cascade Mountain Military lioad. he and
A. IJackleman locating a large part of it. In
1870 Mr. Wheeler traded his ,laim for 10(1
acres a mile and a half southeast of Albany, re-
ceiving 83,000 in cash. He then bought forty
acres more, and on this place he resided three
years. At the expiration of that time he moved
into town, subdivided a portion of his land, and
formed what is known as Wheeler's Aihlitioii to
Albany. He was one of the builders of the Al-
bany it Lebanon Canal, and. after the property
was sold to John A. Crawford, he sii])erinteniled
the canal for that gentleman about five years,
also o]ierating a livery staiile in town during the
game time. In 1885 President (jlcveland ap-
pointed him Indian .\gcnt at the Warm Spring
Ueservatioii, where he remained three years.
He then resigned, returned to Albany, built his

residence on tin i ,;er of Fmirth ami .lelfersun

streets, ami here In has since resided.

Mr. Wheeler was married . I line '2, 1850,
to Miss Kli/a Claypocde, a daughter of |)avid
(Uaypoole, a pioneer of 18-t(i. They have four
chililren, viz.; Melissa .1., wife of Dr. .1. M.
Kitchen; Klleii, wife <<( .1. S, Morgan; Frank;
anil Mary, wife (d' C. II. Walker.

To Mr. Wheeler belongs the distinctinn of
being the lir,-t Sheritl' elected in Linn county.
That was in lS-18. In 187S he was elected to
the State Legislature, lie ha> >ervcd one term
as .Mayor of Ihe city of .\lbany and three terms
as City Councilman, lie is a stockholder of
the Albany .Mining vV, Milling Company and
possesses valuable |iro|)erty interests, being rec-
ognized as one of the prominent and successful
business men of Linn coiintv. lie is a mem-
ber of the .Masonic frafernitv. and also of the
Daptist Cliiiich.

L. W .\ I)K is numbered among the
Territorial pioneers of California.
i^-^ifl <* where he arrived in <l line, 1850. lie
was born in the State of Maine, at Liiicolnville.
on Penobscot bav, in ISiU, a descendant of the
Puritans of Xew Knglaml; his more iinmeiliate
ancestors removed from Mas>achiisetts to .Maine,
and were a seafaring peofile and builders (jf
shijis. He was ediicatiMl at Liiicolinille, anil in
December, 18 t'.t, he left his home and family
for New York; there be seciircd passagii on tins
brig ludependence. Captain .Morse, boiiixl for
California, via C ipi' Horn. ;\lter an unevent-
ful vovage of si,\ months he landed sabdy in
San Francisco. He first went to Ihe mines in
Stanislaus and Calaveras counties. He liegan
phicer iniliiiiiT, but afterward engaged in ipiartz
mining, which he followeil very >ucce>sfiilly iin-
lS(H. While placer mining on Scott's river be
found a nuge('t of gold which weighed lil'te<>n
pounds, se\en and a quarter (Uinces, which he
sold for SllilOO. In istil he went to Poise
Basin, in Idaho, and tliere lifted up a company
to cxiilou" the ( )wyhee country; here lu! followed
iihii'iM' and silver mining until 1805.

Wbili' at the l''lorence mines Mr. Wade was a
memlicr id' the tir>t Pepiiblican political cmi-
veiition ever held in the new Territory of Idaho,
and assisted in nominating the lirst county olli-
cers and members of flii^ first Territorial Legis-
lature. In 1805 he went to Iiig I'ciid mines, in
I'litish Columbia, but tlli^ expedition proved a
failure: so he refiirned to Idaho, and remained
there until 1S()7, when he came to Salem.

ViM

lllSTOIiY Oh' OHEaON.

Soon sftpr lii« arrivtil in tliiH city liuenilinrl<e(l

in tiio tiicrciinlilc ti'iulc in Noi-tli Salem, ocuiipy-
ini^ a Hiimll liiiiMinj,' on liilieily f-tr(!i!t knuwn
as tlic "(rincn iStoro;" lie inipnived his facili-
ties with incroasinii; trade, and now condiu-ts an
extensive and |)r()titalile Ijusiness. Until reeently
li<! had the iinriisjnited control of the mercantile
interests in this end of the town, hut his pros-
rierif}' has attracted competition.

.Mr. Wade was married in the fall of 1870, to
Miss M. .1. .Veal, a native of Oregon, and a
daughter of (teorij;e Neal, a pioneer of 1S4().
One child has \n\M\ iioni of this union, Murray
li. Mr. Wade is a nieniher of the I. (). (). V.
and of tlie A. (). U. W. He has served several
terms as City Coiineilinan, hut has heen too
closclv idcntitieil with the commercial interests
and enterprises of Salem to seek political prefer-
ment. Il(! is a man of excellent linsiiiess (|uali-
licatlons, an<l has come to he reifardeil as one of
the most relialile and successful merchants of
Salem.

;I1.LIS W,V(i(iKNER, Recorder of Con-
veyanci's of Washinijton county, Ore-
ij;on, ie K native (if Indiana, horn on Feh-
ruary 27, IS 14. ilis lather, James S, Wa^-
<,'ciu'r. was horn in Kentucky, in 18'21. They
are of (German extr'iction, and early settlers of
Virifinia lie nmrrieil Maliuda .Mien, of Ken-
tucky. Tliey had tvvclvt^ children, of whom five
are now livinir. In 1847 th !y removed to Iowa.
.\ hrother, Unfus. went to Oi'eiro.i in 1872, and

till years later tin; tauiily followed, and Mr.

WacT^eiier, Sr., a hrothei' and Willis settled on
l.iniis in Wasliiujilon county. 'I'lu' father was
elected ( 'ounly Treasurer, and after servinjf two
years was re-elected twice in sui'cession. hut he
served only one year (tf the thii'd term, and then
resiij;ned. Later he retired froiTi active husiness,
and now resides with his family in llillshoroiii^li.
His wife died in 188'J.

Notlnvithstandinir that iue family were South-
erners, they distiuifuished themscdves on the
side of the rnion in the i);reat civil wai'. Joseph,
the e'.dest son, enlisteil, in response to tlie Presi-
dent's call f(U' three-year men, in ('om])any H,
Third Iowa Infantry; and Rufus, the second son,
eidistod in the same company, and served in
Mis>i*sippi. After tlie hftttle of Vickshurii, in
the summer of ISIi-l, Joseph was taken prisoner,
and sniVered the horrors of .Vudersonville prison

for eifflit tnonths, and then died of starvation, as
thousands of others were starved to death there!
Rufus served thi'ee years, and then returned
hiMue. As the war still C(mtiMned, ami the
country's need for soldiers was jfreat, Willis en-
listed, too, in July, 18(J3. He was then only
nineteen. He (Uilisted in Company L, iNiuth
Iowa Cavalry. He served to the close of the
war. His reiriment was in .Vrkansas almost all
of the time. A <rood deal of the time he was
on detail duty in the hook-keepiiiff department
at head (juarters, at Little Rock. He was mus-
tered out in Keliruary, 180ti. Houston enlisted
in his sixteenth year in the Kif:;hteeiith Iowa
Infantry. He served until after the battle of
SprinirHeid, Missouri, then his regiment was left
inactive for a while, aiul the yoiiuo; hoy heing
sick, parth' due to home si(d<nees, they allowed
him to return home. After reachini^ his iiome
he soon recr)vered, and in three months had ru-
enlisterl in Company K, Fifteenth Iowa Infantry,
and served with Sherman in hiscampaign acrainst
ilohnston and ITood, and joined in the march to
the sea. He also took part in the irraud review
in Washington. He went to the I'aciHc const,
and on the 1st of January. 1885. started to ci'oss
the ( "oast Range mountains from Tillamook, hut
hccanu* exhausted in the deep snow and froze to
death I .lames, the youngest sou, is in l)usineB8
at \'anconver, Washington.

Mr. AVillis WaggiMier has heen engaged in
l)ookkeepiug and farming since his arrival in
Ore<.'on. He sold his farm in 18S(>, and moved
to llillshorough, wherehepurchased property and
huilt a residence-, lli^ v.'as electeil Coui'ty Re-
corder of (\jnveyances in 1888. He still occu
jiies that position, which he has satisfactorily
iilleil for four years.

He was married in 1880,10 Miss Kmnui I'.Caa-
cadden, of Cana<la. Mr. Wagufeuer isamemher
of I. ().(). F. and of the G. A. R. He is a
Repuhlican in politics.

P OLIVER n. HISirol', a highly respected
( itizen of Ren<lloton, I'matillacounty, Ore-
g(.n, and a man who is raid<ed with the
Forty-niners of this coast, was horn in Witisted,
Litchtieh! county, Connecticut, March 11, 18'?.(L
He was the sixth of the ten children horn to
Harry and Sophia ((tranger) Bishop, hotli mi-
tives of Connecticut.

nisroRT Of oKKaoN.

1289

mil, as
there!
tiiriic'l
d tlie
ii> en-
only
-Ninth
of the
Dst all
le was
tiiient
I tnns-
n listed
1 owa
ttle of
ii« left
I lieiii^
illowed
< iiome
lail re-
fantrv,
ii^riiinst
irc'li to
review
(• coast,

to Cl'OSS

hut
froze to
tiisiness

The siihjeet of our sketch was edncatcil in his
native town, attemlinf; school ahoiit three inonths
each year until he was sixteen. Then he went
to New Jersey and tauifht school two winter
terms, spendino; his vacation at hiinie. It was
about this time that the California i;old fever
spread over the country, and as it reached the
Atlantic coast young liisli >p was anionjf its tirst
victims. Taking passage on the hark Canton
from New York, he set sail for the new El Do-
rado of the West, maliiuii; the voyaire via (Jape
Horn, and six months later, in the tall of 1S4-!I,
sailed through the (iidden (Jate into h'lrhor at
San Francisco.

Mr. Hishop spent one year in the gold mines
of California, and in February, 18")!, eame to
Oregon, stopping tirst at the cascades on the
Columbia river. There he contracted with
Captain Vanbergin to chop 200 cords of wood,
at .?tr per cord, and when his work was com-
))letod received SsOO. Then, in company with
1*. F. Hradford, he built a tlatlmat ani freightiMl
from the CasiMdes to the Dalle.-. Witli the
money lu! made in boating, he commenced buy-
ing cattle and horses from the immigrants, and
in the spring sold his stock. In 1S53, in com-
pany with I). F. and I'. F. Hradford, he engaged
m salmon tishing at Cascades on tiie Columbia,
catchinii- and barndintr 500 barrels of lish. whicli
they sold at a nice |u-otit. During this time
they continued their tlatb(tating sncces>fMlly,
building a steamboat and cari'ying iioth freight
and ])assengers. In 185+ he, in company with
the IJradfords, built the steamer Mary, "to run
between Cascades an<l the Dalles, and established
thoroughly ii lino of steamers to run between
I'ortland "and the Dalles, they doing all the
freighting lor the (iovernment fritni Vancouver
to the Dalles. They had the tirst railroad that
was ever built in Oregon, about one ami a half
miles in length, opei'ated by mide power, and
across this road all the goods wen; hauled be-
tween where the steamers connected, at what
was called the Middle I.amling, and the rpjrnr
Cascades on the Washington Territory side. j

In 1851) he sold his interest in the steamboat, \
store and freight lines, and in connection with
his brother-in-law, C. J. I'almcr, opened a store
at tin; Dalles. .Next spring he sold out and re- j
moved to Tygli valley, and entered extensively !
into farming and stock-raising. The Imlians
troubled him so that he had to remove to the
Dalles; in 18(10 he engaged in freighting from
Dalles to Lewistoii. Wo next hear ot him in

Hoisc; (^ity, where he was the first I'oslmaster
a])j)ointeil by Abe Lincoln. Fnnri there he took
a ])osition as cl-rk for the Oregon Steam Navi-
gation Company, a position he held I'm' live
years. We next hear of him in I'eiidleton,
0>'egon. where he now resiiles.

In 1S7H he was elected by thepeopleot I'en-
dleton to the otlice of .fnstiee ol' the .'eace,
whicli position he has held continiiou.-ly t ver
since, with the exception of two years. His
present term of otlice will expire in .iiilv. 1*^!'!.
May 12, iSSil, he was admitlecl to (iractice law
in the Supri'inc Court of the State ot (>regon.

Ml'. liislop was married in 1^52, to AIi?s
l.iiiia Pab ler, a native of llliii'is, who eame to
()reg.),i with her parents in 1851. They have
five children, namely; Kdward IJ., ca-hier of
the National Hank of lle|)piier; .Sophia, wile of
John Mean, residing in Pendleton; (ieorge, en
gaged in the wandioiise business at IIep|>nii';
Kmma, wife d' Thorp Roberts; anil Miss llelle,
the youngest daught(>r. who is with Ihm- pirents.
Politically, .\lr. I'ishop is an Indeprndenl. <■a^t-
ing his vote for the man rather than the part\.
Dining the war of the Uebellion he was strongly
in favor of the Union. When the Indian wars
raged here in tht; West he was among the brave
volunteers wliowent forth to sto[) the hostilities
(d' the red men and prote(;t the settlers friuii
depredation. In 1855 'ofl he was under Phil.
Sheridan at the Cascade massacre, who was at
that ti.iu; a Lieutenant.

=4e©-^

F. WILLOICtlll'.V. of Oi.L'on City,
is a re|u•e^enlati^(! citi/en and one
'^ of those good and Iriie men \. iio
risked his life in the service of hiscounlry, in
the Fiiioii army, during the great civil war. It
is thought that smdi n en wen of eniuigh ser-
vice to their country to haml a bricd' record of
their lives down to future jior-teriiy that their
chihiren's cdiildren and other men of future ages
may emulate their deeds of bravtiry.

Mr. Willoiighby was Ihm'II in (Joluiiibiis, Ohio,
November 24, iSiU. His father, John Will
oiigliby. was born in the same town on the
4th of December. 1S05; so it will be i-eeii that
they were iiioneers in (>hio. The family origi-
nated in Knglaiid. and came to America pre-
vious to the IJevolutioii ; and the grandfather,
John Willoiighby, served in the Itevoliitionary

l'J<I(l

nisTOHY or (iSKdoy.

Wiir, !::i\ii:ff tl'.e Imiior of ln'iiiii; (letiicliiMl to
liiifclicr and dry l>i't'f for tlu' (Joiitiiifiiliil iiriiiy.
Mnd ill tliis way ^(M'vcd the coiiiitry faitlit'iilly
diiriiii^ tlu: 8(!V(iii year.-, Htriii^i^lc for iiidujit'iid-
I'licf,'. Our siil)j('et's t'atlu'r iniirrifd Miss
Sarah Luke, horn in tlie Keystoiie State, July
8, ISl t. She was liorn of Scotch ancestry and
fiho liort! litjr hushainl idevon chihiri'ii. cifiht of
wlioiii are still livinjf. Two sisters and our siih-
jcct are in ( )rei'()n.

Mr. Willoiiijihliy was the eldest child and
was re.ired on a farm, atteiidiiii; the piililie
schools and learniiie; the trade of inarlile cut-
ter, at which ho has worked all his life,
earning an hoiujralile liviiii,', paying 1(10 cents
on the dollar, and in 18H4r retired from active
work, with a coinpetenci siitHcient for his
old iiee. Such a history is one to he jiroiid of,
hut that is not all. tor when the war of the
oreat liehellion hroke out lie was (|uietiy at
Work lit his trade in I'coria, Illinois. In an-
swer to President iiincoln's call tor volunteers
the patriot hlood of his grniKJI'ather in his
vei'18 hecanie hot with indignation against
the enemy of the Union, and he enlisted in
Company l<\ Seventeenth Illinois Volunteer In-
f'litry. His first shot tor the Union was fired
11' Fort Donelson, where ho hecaiiie u^ed to the
latfli' (if mu>ketrv and the liooui of cannon, the
groans of the wounded and n'l tiie horrors of
war. After eiirht months of M^'htiiig and ex-
posure to the cold and wet, he hecaine disahled
and was discharged on account of that disahility.
He retired to his home and aidt^d in recrnitiiii^
* 'om|iaiiy Kj )ne Iliiiidrcd and Twenty -first Ohio
\dliiiit( cr Infaiitrv. He retiiriUMl to the front
anil I'oiiohr lit the liattle of I'erryville, Kentucky,
as I'irst Sergeant. Here he was taken jirisoner
hy Morgan and his men, hut was paroled and
afterward returned to his regiment, where he
was made Second Lieutenant. He then en-
gageil in the Imttles of Chickaniauga and
.Missionary Ridg(>, where the Union soldiers
coverecl theniselves with glory : also fought in the
hattles of Kesaca and Lookout Mountain, and
Kenesaw Mountain, where his regiment lost
tw( -thirds of its men, he heing the only of-
ficer on the west wing that was not killed or
wounded. It was a fearful struggle, hut the
reniaiiider of the regiment joined in the siege
and capture of tiie city of Atlanta, Sherman's
niaich to the sea, and the two days" fight at
Beiitonville, where .Mr. Willoiighliy was
Wounded in his left arm and taken to (iolds-

horongh, Xorth Carolina, where he lay in the
hospital for ten days. Alter the linttle lie was
promoted to he First Lieutenant of ('oni|)any
1), and after the luittle in wliiidi iie was wounded
he was promoted to the Cajitaincy of Company
H. When discharged from the hospital he ob-
tained thirty days' leave of ahsence. but re-
turned to his regiment and reported for duty at
Washington. He participated in the grand re-
view ill Washington. and then was discharged,
the iji'cat striio'ixle heinj; over in which so manv
thousands of men had jierished. The tirave
soldier returned to his peaceful ociiipation of
iniirhle cutter, working in St. Louis nnti' '8(')',t,
when he came to Portland, where he also car-
ried on his trade until 1884, wlien he purchased
lliO acres of land in ('lackamas county, eight
miles northeast of Oregon City, where he en-
gageil in raisiujr all kinds of grain grown in this
part of the State. In 18S!I lie soM his farm
and moved to Oregon City and purchased lots,
and houglit a good residence, where lie now
resides.

Mr. Wiiloiighhy was married to Miss Mil-
dred Cook in 1873. She was a native of
Missouri and horo her hushaiul three children:
Ilaltie, now in her last year at school; Edward
and Alfred. Mrs Wiiloiighhy dii^l , Inly. 1891.
She was a faithful wife and mother, and was
highly esteemed by all who knew her. Cap-
tain Wiiloiighhy is a member of Meade Post,
No. 2, and it is neeilless to say that he is a
stanch Repuhlican in jiolitical matters.

aWliKDOLIFN J. OjiEUFK. the proprietor
f^ of the Iiiver Front Planing Mill, is a na-
«^-. tive of the Piiickeve State, having been
born at Miatnisburg, Montgomery county, Ohio,

1, 1808. His parents, Fredolien and

(I'oiit) ()l)erer, were both natives of Ger-

nnd were the parents of five children, of

our siibjeet was the thinl in order of

Ajiril

Mary

many.

wdiom

birth.

Fredolien Oberer, dr.. was reared in his na-
tive county, where he received a liberal educa-
tion in the public schools, and at an early age
begun his apjirenticeship, in the factory of Boot-
waiters Hrothers & Co., of MiamiRbiirg. He
coni|ileted his apprenticeship in 1887, having
served tive years as wheelwright and general
wooilworker. .Vfter completing his term of

iiisrojir OF o/iMooff.

I. 'CI

II tho
was
ipMiiy
iikIuiI
iipany

II' ol)-
llt IV, -

II fy at

ihI iv-

igi'd,

iiaiiy

l)rave

m of

• 8(i!l.

car-

Jiasi'd

eiirlit

lie eii-

iii this

fiirm

lots,

le now

service he coMtimied in the employ of the
coni|)aMy until 188!), when ho went to Inilian-
apolis, Iniliana, ami eiiga(^eil with the Ameri-
can Wheel CoiTipauy for five months; later he
rotiirned to Ohio, and in 181(0 was en^aj^ed to
place tlie machinery in tiie Sidney (.'ar tlompany
He worked at Minnea])i)lis, on tho eompletion
of Ilia contract witli the company, which lasted
about eiirht months.

Then it wa-*, in 18"J1, tliat lie turned his face
wstward, visiting Washington; hut in Septein-
he came to Oorvallis, and soon eni;ai;ed in
placing the wood-working inachinerv in the
('orvallis Carriaiijo Factory. Mr. Oberer is a
skilled mechanic in wood work, and in tlie use
of wcod-working machinery.

On the completion of his engagement with
this company, he purchased a lease on tho River
Front I'laning Mill, ti. run five years, and since
he has taken charge and jiut the machinery in
order, new life has lieeii intused into the old
place, and the buzz of saws and whirr of tho
planers may be heard regularly, and the old mill
lias become a thing of life. Mr. Olierer has
leceived most liberal encouragement and patron-
age from local Iniilders and contractors, as well
as from adjoining towns. The mill machinery
will be probably overhauled, in the coming
spring, and some of tin; old replaced by new.
The present cajiacity can be judged only by the
inimber of einjiloyes. The business consists of
the manufacturing of doors, windows, mold-
ings, frames, etc. lie obtains, liy special con-
tract, thoroughly seasoned lumber, and the grade
of work turned out is second to none in the
State.

Although Mr. Oberer is a new arrival in the
State, h<' has tlie confidence and good-will of
the entire community.

W. BRANNI^^ a respecteil citizeu of
Pendleton, has l)een a resident of [Inia-
}<» tilla county, Oregmi, during the past
decwle, and is thoror.ghly idciititied with its
best interests. Following is a brief resume of
his life:

W. W. liranniii was born iti Cooper county,
Mis,souri, March 10, 1812, the oldest of a fam-
ily of five children, four of whom are living,
two in Oregon and two in New Mexico. His
parents were .lames "W. and Sarah (Neal) liran
nin, natives of Virginia and Kentucky, respect-
70

ively. dohii Neal, a brother of his iiiothc-r, was
a noti^d I'resbyterian minister ol Kentucky,
.lames W. lirannin was one of the pioneers of
Missouri, he having moved tliere in lsl!<, and
for a number of years seived as Indian agent
among the Osage Indians; also served in the
(Quartermaster Departint'iil, holding a commis-
sion as Captain, lie died in lS5l, agi'd forty.-
seveii years.

W. W. lirannin attended tlu' common schools
of Cooper county and the Westwood .Vcadcmy
at iiooneville. llewas in his senior year in the
academy, when, in June, 18(il, he drop])ed his
studies and entered the service of his country,
enlisting in Company II, Sixth Missouri (!av-
ali'y. After serving almost three years he w-
enlisteil, this time entering the Fortv lifth
Missouri Infantry. lle\i'as hoiioraldy discharged
in St. Lunis, .Inly 2, ISIi."), having S(n-\(id four
years. During all this time he wan ever at the
post of duty, acting well the part of ii bravi'
soldier, jiarcicMpating in numerous battles and
skirmishes, lie carried his comjiany's llag
while he was in the (cavalry, and in the infantry
lie bore aloft the colors for more than a year,
thus being a target for tlieenemy; but in all the
dangerous jihices through which he, jiasscl he
never received a wonnil, nor was he ever
captured. 'I'he only injury he sustained was at
the battle near .lefferson ('ity. Missouri, where
the drum of his left t^ar was burst by the report
of a cannon, resulting in the |ierman(«nt deaf-
ness of that ear. After the battle he was de-
tailed in the (Quartermaster's Department and
served as Qiiartcnnaster Sergeant.

i'pon his return from the war .Mr. {{raiiiiin
settled on a farm, and later was ordained as a
I'resbyterinn minister, lie cnntiniieii in the
work of the gospel, preaching throiighmit Mis^
soiiri until 1SS3. wliere he became noted as a
successful minister. Thai yi^ar, on account of
his wife's ill-health, he came to Oregon and set-
tled on a farm in Umatilla county. Here lie
again entered the ministry. He is a memtier
„( the Walla Walla {'re^byfery, the Hoard of
Trustees, and the Committee on Home .Mis-
: sions.

i Politically, ho atliliales with the Dciiiocratic
. ]>arty. He" was ehfcted on that ti<'ket in i8'.lO
I to the otlice of County Asses-or of Finatilla
I conntv, and in June, 18U2, was re-elected to the
' same otlice, being the first man ic-electe.l to
i this position here. He received tin? nomination
j by acclainatii'U. .After his election he moved

1203

fllSTOJir OF OJIEOOA.

to IVnidlctoii, wlii'i'e lie Btill resides. Mr. Hrdii-
iiiii \H iiii iictive worker in the (iriii;(l Army.
On coiiiiiif^ to l'en(ll<'t()n lie foiiiiil the post here
disorganized, got jicrinission troin tlie (iraiul
(loininaiider of tlii' i)e|iiirtniiMit to reorganize it,
and did so with a nieniliersliip of thirty. This
post, Kit (Jarsoti, No. ~8, is now in a flourish-
ing condition, its ranks having heen increased
to sixty nienilier.s. Al the time it was reorgan-
ize<l he was (dected (,'oniinanilor, and was after-
waicl re-el(M'tC(l to the same ]30sition. It was
through him, as a ileiegat(^ to the iMicainpnient,
that the Encampment of 1892 was held at
Pendleton.

In 1803, while on a liirlongh from the army,
Mr. P.rannin was married to Miss Amanda
iSte))hens, of Cooper county, Missouri. da\ighter
of .lacoli 15. Stepiiens. She was horn in 1845.
Three of their six children died in infancy:
Tiiose living are: James, of Willamette valley;
and (trace and Irma, at home.

Yciirs ajro in Missouri Mr. Urannin was a
charter meml)er of an A. (). V. W. Lodge, lie
has filled all the oftices in the order, and has
served as didegate to the Grand Lodge. He
attended the (Irand Lodge at \'ictoria, British
Columhia, in 181)1, and at Portland in 1892,
where he was elected Grand Overseer. Mr.
I'rannin is also an Odd Fellow, liavini; tilled
prominent positions in that lodge. He and his
wife and daughters are members of the Cum-
berland Presbyterian Church.

5SAAC HALL, the founder of Ikllston, Polk
county, Oregon, and a venerable Oregon ])io-
neer of 184:8, was born in Lougiier. Staflord-
shire, Knghuid, December (i, 1812. Hisi)arents,
Thomas and Martha (Hrindley) P>all, were both
natives of England and of good old English
ancestry. They were farmers by occujiation,
and in religion Episcopalians. Of tlieii' family
of twelve children Mr. Hall is now the only
survivor. His mother died in her tifty-second
year, and his father attained the ripe nge of
eighty-six.

h/l83;5, at the age of twenty, Nfr. Hallcame
to the United States. For four summers he was
engaged in making brick on the Hudson, eight
miles below Albany, and the winters he sj)eut
in traveling. In the fall of 183(5 he went to
New Orleans ami worked at whatever he could

get to do, chiefly loading and unloading ships.
From there he went to Mineral Point, Wiscon-
sin, from thonce to Madison county, Illinois,
where he engaged in brick-making.

In 1838 Mr. Hall married Miss'Abigail IJow-
hind, who is still by his side, and who for fifty-
four years has been his constant and faithful
helpmate. They remained in Illinois two yearn
and then removed to St. Charles county, Mis-
souri, whei'e he continu(«l the manufacture of
brick, a)id where he resided eight years, lit
the spring of 1848, with his wife and six chil-
dren, he started overland for Oregon. They
left St. Charles about the first of Ai'ay, with four
yoke of oxen aiul a wagon, and were a part, of
a train that comprised twenty-four wagons. As
they journey onthey were joined by others
until the number of wagons increased to sixty-
four. After they had been out some time, Mr.
Ball's oxen took fright and ran away, and in the
accident his l"g was broken. Tlu>y set it as best,
they could, anil with him lying in the wagon
continued their journey. Since then, for forty-
four years, this hardy pioiu'cr lias walked with
a crooked leg. They arrived in Vara Ilill county
on the let of October, 1848, and built a little
hut at a point four miles east of where Hallston
now stands.

Although his leg was not yet strong aiul he
was still on crutches, he was not able to with-
stand the California gold fever, which was at
that time spreading to all parts of the country,
and he and William Graham went by water to
California. On the middle fork of the Ameri-
can river they were having good success in their
mining operations, liut aiFter an experience of
forty days Mr. Ball got hurt and was obliged to
quit the business and return home. As the re-
sult of his earnings he brought home $400.

After his return from the mines, he settled on
his present property, and here lie has since been
engaged in farming, otock-raising and brick-
making. When the railroa<l was built, the com-
pany gave him a station, and in honor of him
named it Hallston. Here a nice little village
has sprung uj). which is destined to become an
im])(irtant one and which will perjietuate the
name of this worthy pioneer. Mr. Hall has di-
vided a portion of his homestead and sold a
number of village lots. Ho has also sold 100
acres of laud to one of his grandsons. He still
owns 540 acres of land, a part of it his old do-
nation claim aud the rest lands which he has
since purchased.

nrsToiir of ohkoov.

tatiB

llow-

til'ty-

lithful

years

Mis-

iv of

, Jo

chil-

Tliey

I loiir

mi't of

others

sixty-

o. Mr.

in the

rtS l)03t
WJlgOIl

forty-
:1 with
county
I little
allstoi)

Of Mr. ISiillV ciiildreii wo make the follouinir
reconl: l''oiir of the sous have ih'eil, iKiincly:
William, who died Feliriiary (I, 187:5, in iii.--
thirty-lifth year, left a widow and live childr<Mi;
Samuel llowlaud. born Deeemhor iJ, ISii'J, died
January 14.1853; Isaac dames, horn August 7,
184:1. died Deeemher 12. 18ti;5; and Thomas
Mnrsdon, horn dune 17, 1S43, died May 5.
18(J{); Mary dauo, horn May 11), 1845, is the
widow of William Bowman and resides at Salt
Creek, in Polk county; Lovina Ann, wife of
William ('oniegys. also lives at Salt Creek; An-
},'eline P. is the wife of J'. C Scears and lives
near Bethel; Margaret A. nnirried George
Coinegvs and lives in I'iue City, Washiiii;ton;
Lydia H. is the wife of V. 1). Scears; I'riscilla
F. died when fourteen vears of af;e: .Martlui H.,
horn March it. 1852, ("lied .laniiary I'.t. 18(')();
George Washin^ton, horn March 22, 1850, died
?s'ov(!mher 15. 1851(.

Mr. and .Mrs. J!all are niemhors of the New
.lerusaletn Church. 11 < is also liberal in sup-
porting other denominations. He gave a lot to
the Methodists au(i helped them build a house of
worship. Me also fitteil up another church, in
which ministers of any denomination are per-
mitted to preach. Politically, Mr. Ball is a
Democrat. For thirty years he lias been tMerk
of the School J5oard, and has served a numlier
of years as School Director. He has also served
as County Coiiiinissioner. In all the relations of
life he has conducteii himself honoralily and
uprightly. lie has thirty-onegrandcdiildren and
seven gr(^at-graiidchildreii. In(diiditii; his five
sons-in-law, his posterity now numbers fifty
souls.

fOUN VKKNON came to Oregon October
6, 1853, and is one of the representative
fanners of Polk county, living near Uick-
reall. He was iiorii in Missouri, May 28. 1831 »,
and his father, Elienezer Vernon, was born in
Tennessee in 1800. The family origiiiatiMl in
England, and emigrated to .\m(>rica previous
to the Revolution, and (iraiidl'ather Neheiniah
Vernon served as a gmiainith in the war of
1812, and died on the way back to his home,
when the war was over. Ebenezer Vernon,
when twelve- years of age, was brought from
east Tennessee to Cole county, Missouri, where
he resided for some yt-ars, and then reinove<l to
Miller county with his widowed mother, where

lie reared his family ami li\(>d at the time of
hisileath. He had married Miss Naiuty Biirris,
a native of Kentucky, and they had eight sons
and five <laiigliters, and all but two were reared
to maturity. Seven of these are still living.
Mr. Vernon, who is the subject of our sketidi,
is tlie fourth child, ami was reared in Miller
county, Missouri. They wen; pioneers there,
and there was not a school district in the Slate,
and under these circumstances he was left to
jiick up his education as best he could, and what
he has learned has been in the costly school of
experience. Nevertheless he is a well informed
and intelligcuit farmer, endowed with more
good, eonimon-sense than many cd' the men
wIhi have had better s<diO(d advantages. He
first worked at running a cardiiig-maehine for
some time in Miller and Morgan counties,
running half the day and half the night for !jilO
a immth waires.

April 3, 1853, he started with oxen lor the
long journey across the plains. He was witli-
(Uit money, and drovi^ a team for his board, for
Mr. >Iolin L. Mulkey, who was a distant rela-
tion. 'I'be joiiriuiy was a safe one. and to tin*
young adventurer a |)leasant one. Mrs. .Mulkt^y
died on this journey, and they liiiried her on
the western slope, east id' the Blue mounlains.
It was the (ith of Ociober when thev reached
Mr. Foster's jilace, wlii(di was then the pioneer
inountaiu house, twelve miles easterly from
Oregon City. He raised a great iiiiiny vegeta-
bles, and made much money, selling to the im-
migrants, who had had nothing of the kind for
six months. Mr. VeriKrii came to Vain Hill
county and aided in luiildini; a barn for Kohert
I-ancefitdd. and tliiui came io Polk county and
worketl in the sawmill of Mr. lOlias Bindl.
There he was employed for nini' years, and
earned the money with which he |iiircliased his
farm. In 185ti he married Miss S. d Byerley,
a native of Indiana, a pioneer of 1852. in
1857 he purchased his land, but he continued
to Work at the sawmill until 18ti3, when he had
jiaid for his farm, and retired to it with his wife.
They luiilt a cheap house, and had nothing else.
This farm was on Salt creek, P(dk counly. and
here thev resided for so.r.e years, and then sold
and came to this present jiroperty, two miles
cast of Derry, Polkcminty. Here he purchased
275 acres, and on this ])roj)erty he lias since
lived. Ho now has a valuable farm of 475 acres,
with good orchard and Iniildiugs, anil all of the
comforts which his industry and thrift have

illU

1204

niSTOHY OF DItKnoN.

Ke(Mii'u(l. Mr. ftnd Mrs. Vurrion liiive hud tivo
(Iim^litors mid three sons, and tlmy idl avo
liviiiir. Natu'v married .1. A. Allen, and tiie.y
have H farm and reside near. Louisa married
.1. W. Allen, and his farm joins that of Mr.
\'ernon. lOmily Jane married .lohn \V. Hnster,
who is n liiisiness nntn of liide[iendeiicc, Polk
eonnty. Kutie i.s the wife of John Voniii^, and
resides in Indejiendenee. A. W. and A. M.
lire twinn, and, witli .John II. and Alice, live at
home. Mr. and Mi's. Vernon are memhers of
the liaiitint Clmrch, whioli .Mr. V^iM-non joined
in IH'yZ, and has identified liiinself with the re-
liirioMS interests of the eonnty ever sinee his
residence in it. lie has aide<l in huildini; sev-
eral honst!S of \\-orslii|), and assisted in hiiildinf^
file (irst sehoolhonse in his district, and not
only f^avc ijilOO for it, hut it was erected on his
land. When the Indians thn^atened to exter-
minate the settlers in eastern Oregon, in ISo.j,
Mr. Vernon (|nit Idisiness at !{s7u ])er month,
ami Volunteered, fui'iiished his own horse and
ei|uipments, iuid served for eif^ht months, until
the Indians were driven out of the State.
Diiriiiit that time the noble volnntt'ers suffered
many hardshijis, and were reduced to the iieees-
sity of eating horse-iUsh, — even of that kimi of
horfe that could not jret out of the way or he
moveil. Mr. Wrnon says that tlioy received
the news that the Indians had drivt^n Major
lliiller out of the (lield) country into the valley,
killing eif_dit of his men. leaving them on the
lield, eighty inih^s from the white settlement.
Mr. Vernon and others recovered their reinai""
and gave them to the regtdar company of Majo.-
Iltdler. On the next day the volunteers weo
on the march to his relief. They were com-
manded first by J. W. Nesmith and T. II. Cor-
nelius, and his first captain was H. F. Hurcn,
and later the eajitain was M. Ilayden. For this
valiant service, rendered liy the volunteers, the
(irovernment has never given any remni\eration,
- -a very unworthy course.

In politics Mr. Vernon is a Democrat, utid
has been active in political matters. He vas
one of the organizers of the (irranj^e, the third
jrrange on the I'acitic coast, or Northwest coast,
and was fm- twelve years its Treasurer, and also
served as Chaplain. Later he joined the famous
Farnu'rs" .Vlliance, and has served as President.
.Mr. and Mrs. Vernon are wiilcly anil favorably
known, and are good representatives of iho
county in which they have so long resided.
The subject of this sketch was never known to

swear an oath, never proposed a bet, never ac-
cepted such a proposition, lu'ver was intoxicated,
never spent one dime in visiting theater, dance
rooms or gambling dens, but learned when
young to know no games and to retort to no
tricks.

iLFIlED W. STOW ELL came to the Pacific
;7K,« coast ill 185(>, and has been thoroughly
identified with Oregon and its interests
for thirty years (U' more. Mr. Stowell was born
in Delphi, Carroll county, Indiana, February "it!,
1841. His grandfather, (Jeorge Stowell. was a
silk merchant in London, England, as were his
father anil grandfather befuri? him. He came
to America before the lievolutioii nnd had start
ed on his return home when war was declared.
lie turned liack and took sides with the eolo-
iMSts, entered the colonial armv and fought
through the war and settled in Rockbridge
county, Virginia, where he married. From
there he moved to Tennessee, whei'c his son,
.lohn Stowell, was born, in 1707. lie was raised
in his native State and married there Miss Mar-
garet Armstrong, of the same State. She was
the daughter of John Armstrong of North C'aro-
liiui. They removed to Indiana, where ho was
engaged in fai-inii.j^ and surveying, in Wabash
county. I'hcy had twelve children, of whom
six are living. Our suliject W!;^ the tenth child,
and in 18.">(5, wl"';; lu, was in his fiftetinth year,
the f'vr.iiy came to California and were enifa-'cd
in the stock busniess two years, and then came
to Oregon and settled at Eugene, which ho
farmed Hll 187-1, and then retired from active
business and moved into Eugene City, and re-
sided there until the time of his death, which
occurred in 1882. lie was eighty-five years of
age. His wife survived him two vPf'rs, and
died at Eugene City, in her eighty-fourth year.
They had attaiiu^d to a good old age, and raised
their large family, and were highly respected
by all who knew them.

Mr. Alfred Stowell began life for himself as
a clerk in a store in Eugene (Mty, and after
having learned the business, he opened a store
of his own and continued it until 1S71, when
he sold it and later accepted a position in the
ottice of the Surveyor (ieneral as Chief Clerk,
and he served in this capacity for three years,
and continne<l his connection with the survey-
ing business until 1882, when he came to Port-

iihsroiiy OF oitKaoN.

liiiul, Oregon, iiml eni;in^iMl in the wliolrsiile anil
retail lnisincsK in |iartnerrtliip witli Mr. A. II.
Mori^an. TIil' liusincs.-i wuh locatfij from Nos.
^47 to 251 I'Vont street. Here tliey coiKincted
a successful husinoss for si.\ years. In ISSH lie
engaged in l)rlli^er«gt^ with Mr. K. A. Frame
as a partner, an<l they have eontiinied the same
husiiioss ev(M' since.

In 18()7, Mr. Stuweli married Miss I'lamlina
K. Thurston, of Oretton City, • 'reiron, daui;liler
of Hon. S. li. Thurston, a proniinent pioneer
of the 'J'erritory. Ih-was elecliMl tlu^ first niem-
her of ("oniiress from the TeiTitorv. In 1851,
after having creditahly served his term in Con-
gress and was on his way home, he <lied of the
Panama fever. He was liuried at Acapulco,
hut later the Legislature of Oregon, in aeknowl-
eilgnieut of his success in Congress, had his
remains removed and huried in the ccMueterv at
the State Capitol. His wife survived him until
18110, when liei' death oecni'red, at the home of
Mr. and Mrs. Stowell. 8he was one of the
most gifted of women and they were most
])romine!itly identified with Oregon's history.

Mr. and Mrs. Stowell have four children, all
born in Oregon. Their names are: Walter
Thurston, I'landina Klizal)i:fli. .Margaret (ier-
trude, and Curtis Alfj'cd. Mr. and Mrs. Stow-
ell are worthy members of the I'Mrst I'resby-
terian (3lnirch, of whiidi he has been an Khhfr
since 188-1:. In all the affairs of the church,
the city of Portland and the State, they take a
deep interest.

^lS4-^^

H^AHKIEL JOIIXSON TRULLINOEK, n
vt^t lirominent land-owm-r and milli^' of Clack-
>g^ amas county, has been identified with the
interests of Oregon since 18-18, am! is therefore
ranked with its early pioneers.

He was born in I'oiintain county, Indiana,
February 20, 1821, and comes of German an
cestry. His grandfatluu', Daniel Trullinger,
was born in Germany and emigrated to the
United States, settling in Pennsylvania, and aft-
erward in lioss county, Ohio. The original
spelling of the name was Drollingei'. His son,
also named Daniel Trullinger. and the father of
our subject, was born in Uoss county, Ohio, in
1801. He was reared in Ohio and Indiana, and
married in Marion county of the latter Slate,
April 27, 1805, to Miss Elizabeth Johnson,
who was born in Tennessee, February 10,

1805, silt! being a daughter of .Xrchib.dd .lohn-
son. In l8v! I they scttlcil in l''ounlain county,
same State, and n-movecl to Iowa in 18iJ0, whero
he had a farm, and whence, in 1818, he started
tor Oregon on the (ith of April. G. .1. Trul-
linger, th(> oldest of the family, was at that time
twenty-four years (jf agi?. They had tlinu" wag-
ons; one wagon was drawn by fouryoke ofoxeti,
and each of the other two, liy three yoke, our
subject and two of his brothers each driving u
team. One of the sons, Nathaniel, was marrieil
and brought his wife with him. Their journey
was made in safety, and their arrival in ( )regon
City dates Septeiiibcr 14, 1848. The latlirr ■
purchased a doinition claim on the Waldo Hills,
and, after living on it till the spring of 1850,
sold out anil went to Milwaukee, where ho
bought a house and lot. He sulisi'(|uently dis-
ivised of this |U'op,?rty. Tliel\ became to Milk
creek, in ('lackamas (•(Uiiity, took a donation
claim of 040 acres, an<l here the father resided
up to the time of bis death, which occurred
(laniiary 0, 18(57, at the home of his son, (J. J.
His wife survived him until 188f?, anil died in
her eighty fi.'st year. He was atlliristian min-
ister, and his life an<l that of his wife were dis-
tinguished by bi^nevolence and love to their fel-
low-men, -tjo much so, indeeil, for their go id
in a pecuniary view. Of their cliildren seven
arir stillliving: .lobn V... a miller at .\--loria;
Daniel Perry, a miller of North Vain Hill; Sa-
rah, now Mrs. Todd, resides at Forest (irovo;
Amanda married a Mr. Hodson and lives at
Roseberg: and Eliza, wife of Kooncy Matton,
I)((Uglas ('ounty. Oregon.

The gold e.\i'iteinent of 184'J took the sub-
ject of our sketch to the new El Dorado. He
mined on the nurth fork of the American river
for some time, mci^ting with good success, li-e-
ipiently taking out as high as !t(80 in a single
<lay. licturiring to Oregon in the spring of
1850, he located at Milwaukee, between Oregon
(Mty and Portland, and put u|i a large warehouse.
He sold this, and .luly 22, 1852, located on Milk
creek, on section 28. township 4 south, and 2
east; and here he has since ni^idcd. In 1858
he built a sawmill, and in I8(i8 a gristmill. He
has run these mills and conducteil his tanning
oiierations. and from time to time has madi,' in-
vestments in land until ho is now the owner of
2,400 acres.

August 3, 1851, Mr. Trullinger marrieil Miss
Sarah E. Glover, who was born in Montgomery
county, Missouri, October 28, 18;J4, daughter of

1U(|I1

UIHTOHY i)h' DHKdOS.

.Idliii l'licl[W (ilcpvur, nil Ii(pIiii|-(m1 Oi'frroil pio-
neer of IM'.i Mr. iiikI Mirt. Trulliii^'er luid the
followiiii^ tiiiiricd cliildreii; huiiiel N .: .Iiihe|)li I!.,
who died ill the niiitli vi'iirof hiw ane; .IllllM^^ I'.,
wlio fur the |)Mnt ten yeiU'H lias run the (itiverii-
irieiit iiiilU at (iraiide Kduch'; Ivlwaid I, line, a
fHriiiLT of ChiekaiiKiH county; Dellifon Lee;
Surah KMeti; Hlizaheth.Iaiie; Uaae V.; and Katie
M., wlio died ill iier fifteenth .year. Mrs. Trull
ili^'er ileparled tlwH life .Inly ~~. 1^*88.

I'levioiis to the war Mr. 'l'rullinj;er wa>* a
I)eiiiociat, Imt hince the tiriiuf mi Koil Sumter
liiift allilialed with the lte|iiililieaii party. I"
1S7(I he was elected County ('(iiiiinissioiu'r of
(Ilackaniaii county, and suived in tiiiit capacity
nuist edicienlly. lie in a iiieiiil)er of tli.o 1. <>.
(). I'"., and in his reli>;i()iis view- iw an .Vtheist.

tON. ,1. (!. TIUILMNGER, the present
Stale Senator from C'hitsoj) cuiinty. is a
veneralile pioneer tif 1S4S. lie was liorn
in Koiintain county, hidiaua, .Inly 29, 1S28, a
sun of l)aiiiel 'rrullin),'er. who was horn in (jhio
in IHOl. lie enisled the plains to Oregon in
1848, arriving; Septemher 15, bume year, at (Ore-
gon C!ity. They eamo from Davis county, Iowa,
and our sulijuct, then twenty years of aj^e, drove
nn ox ti'iim all the way. After arriviufj; in that
city he npened a shue store, hut soon sold out
nnd jiiiiied his father, who had settled on a farm
in Alariim county. The following 8|(rini,', 1849,
lie went with his hrother to the mines in Cali-
fornia, liiit a short tin: • afterward hoiight a sup-
ply of miners' floods anil opened a store at
()oloma. ,!anuary 1, iKijO, Mr. Trnllinj^er went
hy schooner from San Friincisc'o to tlie Coliim-
iiia river, locating at Portland, hut afterward
went to Milwaukee, six miles distant, and erected
a hu'ge waridionse. In .lannarj, 1S52, he sold
out and took up a claim nine miles south of
Portland, wlii<'h he inipro\ed aiul lived on eleven
years. There, also, he Iiuilt two large sawmills.
In 18()5 he lionghl the Oswego property, laid
out the town of Oswego; in Nuveinher, 1870,
l)onj;lit the site ami laid out the town of Center-
ville, where he ran a saw and ilo\ir mill until
■ 1875. In that year he houglit proj)erty in As-
toria, erected the West Shore Mills and has
twelve acres covered with mills, warelion.-es,
wdinrves, luniher liarns and electric light station.
From 187t> to 1880 this plant was run as a can-

nery. Mr. Trullinger employs forty men. Ilo
hiiilt three miles of railroad for logging pur-
poses six miles soiitlieiist of Astoria; erected
ills ele<'tric light plant in Deceniher, 188"). Iiy
which this city is lighted, with full are and in-
candese(Uit lights; has held various otllees of
piiUlic trust in Astoria and Clatsop county;
from PSMti to 1888 was .Mayor of the city, and
previous to that «as a iiiemher of the (!ouncil.
In Dceemiier. 18yi, he was elected President
of the Pxiard ot i'olice Commissioners; in.liino,
lSil2. >vu (dected liy a large majority to the
Legislature; was one of tlu' organizers of the
IJepuhlican iiaity in (Iregon, in lH5t), and has
never since departed from the faith of that
party.

( )ur suhject is married and has reared a large
family of children, lie and his si.x sons form a
corporation known as the West Shore Mill
Company, of whicdi he is ju'esident, Thomas O.
Trullinger, vice-president, and Grant Trullinger,
secretary. They do a large hiisiness, and the
company is regardeil as one oft he most reliuhle
in Astoria.

.AVID vSTOUT, a ])roiiiinent ( *regon pio-
neer of 1852, and a prosperous himine.sa
man of McMinnville, was horn in Ohio,
Felu'uary 0, 1847. Ills father, .J omithau Stout,
was liorn in Xew .lersey, Sej)temh(M' 12, 1812,
and was of Kngli.-h and Scotch ancestry. His
progenitors came to America jirevious to the
Kevidution and participated in the thrilling
events which followed in the i^arly history of
the colonies, (irandfather Stout distinguished
himself hy fighting on the side of the colonists
in their struggle for independence.

His son, .lonathan, the father of the subject
of our sketch, married Miss Sarah Swank, a na-
tive of Ohio. Her ancestors were Oerman, and
early settlers in the colonies. They had nine
chihlren, five of whom are now living, our sub-
ject being the fifth in order of birth. In 1852,
when he was five years of ag(>, his parents
crossed the plains to Oregon. The i'amily then
comjirised the father, mother and five diil-
dren: Margaret, Mary Jane, Frank. David and
Until. The journey was iinniarre<l by any ac-
cident of epidemic, and they all arrived safely
in Portland. Here the beloved niotlier shortly
afterward died, leaving the father and little
family disconsolate. She was taken ill on the

lllaroUY OF niiKdoN.

ia«7

. llo
M^' piir-

iind iii-

itilccH (if

(■oiiiity ;

■ity, iiiid

Coiiricil.

'resilient

ill 'I II rut,

to tlie

of tlie

anil hart

ot tlmt

joui'iiuy, friiin tlie ell'cctri of wliicli BickiicHH slie
<lit!il. Nliv will* u tiiiicere Cliristiiiii iiml ii worthy
iiu'IiiIh'I' of tilt! ^Ieth(Mli^t Church, anil wiih
esteeiiK'il for her tniiiiy iiiiiiulile virtiie« Hliii luv-
iii^j ht'iirt.

The liither wiis hick ill! of k\w, fnllowiiiu win-
tor, anil the funiilY I'xnei ieiiceii great harilslii|in.
Tiii'V liveil ill a littlf oiu'-rooiii log hoii.-e, whi<;h
liiul a (iiv-|)liice, ami they suliHisti'il ajmrtoftlie
time on hraii bread. 'I'lie stoi'k diud, and when
hpriiijjf (laine tint children wure sent to live with
varioUH [lerBoiiH.

'I"he snliJL'f.t of our Hkeleli was aeiit to I'olk
coiintv, where he resideil foi' live yt'in'* with Mr.
8. C. Voster, attending' school for tliiee teriDci,
in a little log wluiolhoiine, situated four miles
away. lie then went to rortlaml, where he re-
nided with his Bister, who is now married to
Mr. 1'. J. Painter. While there ho attended the
i'ortlaiid Academy.

lie then returned to I'olk county and hefjaii
to work out, and wliih^ a mere hoy drove teams
and hauled rails from the mountains, lie con-
tiinied this work until he lii^caMK! grown, when,
with ids father iiiid lirother, Frank, he pur-
chased 130 acres of land, located si.\ miles north
of Mc.Minnville. They |iiirchased it on time
and moved upon it, all working hard, and hav-
ing their efforts crowned with success, and were

eimhled to pay off their indebtedness, wiiich was

land, and, as their
means permitted, added from tiim; to time to

ljll,()00.

to pay ofr 111
Tiiev kept

their origimil purchase,— at one time 17*1 acres,
and later purchased another farm of :t20 acres,
u mile distant. During the summer, the sub-
ject of our sketch worked hard on the lands, and
in the winter came to Mc.Miimville, where he
attended the college, lie finally sold his interest
in thelaiKls they had |iurcliasi>d, and invested in
other farming jiroperty. |iiirchasing 2H() acres
of Dr. Sitton, which he retained for five years, ,
when he bought 100 acres, situated northwest of
McMinnville, all of which lie diligently culti-
vated, and which yielded large|and remunerative '
crops.

In 1870 he was nmrried to Miss Agnes Mar- j
tin, a daughter of Mr. J. S. Martin, an honored |
Oregon pioneerof 1851. lie had recently added
210 acres to the 100 originally purcli.is<Ml
near McMinnville, and there he mid his bride
took up their residence, remaining for three
years. Mr. Stout then purchased ten acres of '
land, on which there was a good residence and '•
barn, which property adjoined the city limits j

of McMinnville. Here they have since reHideil,
surrounded with (he comrortn of life and liii|<py
in each other's society and that of tiieir
cliildreii.

Mr. Stout built the tirst warehouse in .Mc
Milluvilh^ wdiidi he maiia<;ed for si\ year^. lie
also purchased the mill site and water powi'r,
and built a complete roller process llourini,' mill
on the west sidii of the town, in the latter en-
terprise his father-in-law is a partner, and it is
proving to ite very remunerative, the favorite
iiiaiid of tlour being the Star, liesides these
enterprises, Mr. Stout owns stock in various
others of the city, still continuing to manage his
farm as well as the mills.

Mr. and .Mrs. .Sidiit have four children: I'ern,
{!larissa. Taylor and lu-nest. all native sons and
daughters of Oregon, and retlectinf^creilit on the
Slate of their nativity. Mr. .Stout is in polities
a liepnblican, although takiiii; no prominent
|iart in puiilic alfairs other than desiriii;^' the
election of honorable men to otlic(^ lie and his
faithful wife are worthy members of the Melli
odist ( 'liuri'h. and both, by their intlueiice and
means, cniitribiiti^ liberally to its support. His
father is still liviiii; in the county, at (he f^ood
old age of eighty years, liifjhly esteemed by ;ill
who know him for his many sterling ijiialilies.
Industry and good maiiagtuneiit, su|)plementi^d
by the richly jiroductive farming lanifs of Yam
llilt county, liave traiisfurmed the hoiiM'less
pioneers of 18r)2 into the wealthy and irdliicn-
tial farmers and business men of to-day. and
afti^r a residence of forty yi'ar> in the State of
their choice, they have nothing luit praises to
bestow upon her geiuu'ous usai;e of them, and
unreservedly attribute to hi^r glorious resources
their present prosperity and consciineni hapjii-

lUfSS.

- -^^^mm^^ —

fli. STEI'IIKN A. YOn.NG. a widely and
favorably known physician of MiMlinn-
ville. and an Oi'egon pioneer of IM50. was
born in Sangamon county, Illinois, March II,
1840. His father, .losepli K. Young, was a iia
tive of Kentucky, where he was born in IS07,
who traced his ancestry back to early colonial
times. Ue ni.irried Miss Mary Hussy, a native
of Ohio, and of (Terman ancestry, her |)rogfini-
tors having been e(|ually early settlers of Amer-
ica. They had seven I'liildreii, of whom the
gubjeet of our ^-ketch is tlii' sole survivor.

Vim

iiisiuny OF oliKooN.

Ill flic -|iiiii^» (if ls5H ilic I'liiiiily fiiirtcil mi
tlii'ir liiii^ jdiinit'v li'i' < h't'j^iiii, Willi the iipiiiil
iiiiilii (if WH^cins iiiid (i\('ii. TIk! Miil)j('ct ol' 1)111'
^^('l(•ll wiin III lliiit time tell yciuv of ii;;t', iiiid
liiiH II iiiortt vivid rfciillirliiiii of tlit< aii|inlliii(;
iiiciilfiitrt (»f tliiil Idiij; mid wnariiioino |i)iiriiey.
Till' pnrriitH Htiirtod witli tlioir flivt'n Hiirviviii)^
rliildri'ii, (iiir niiiiji'ct, iiiiil it lirollicr and Hi>t('r.
'I'lic liiiitlicr, havid Tayldr, diiMJ of I'lioicra, and
tim i^ricf >tiicki'ii iiari'iitu liiiiit'd liiin on tlio
|iliiiiii*. 11(1 wan ^iicatly 'm'IovimI l>y tiiiMii, and
liirt loHH \\i\f II diKtrcHHiii;.' Hoiircc of ;;rii't' and in-
i'\|ir('fisil'li' Hadlii'HU. Misfiirt lines often (toiiie
tii;;etlier, ami soon ufter tliu fuinily'H arrival in
^!llll Hill eiiimfy, in tliu latter |iart of Octolier,
1 sno, Maiy Mari^aret, the only r.iirvivinjr daiij^ii-
tir, wai* taken ill witli Idaiii IVvi-r. ainl another
irrcat liereaveiiient tell M|ion tlie iilrt'ady heart
limkcM [laientH.

Work and the eventH ('onnecteil wilji neciiriiid;
a home in a new coiintiv. |iro\ed ii lilcHHiiijr, af
I'ordin;^ leii« time for dwellini; on thiMr aliliction.
The |iareiitH took a donation eliiiin, located two
iiiilei< iiortheiiHt of the present nite of McMinn-
ville, on which a xmall Iok hoiie<e wim built and
ill wliicli tlii'v coiniiieniMMl pioneer life. Tliey
had hroiifjht witli them coiisiderahle stock, and
e>i^uo;ed in stock-iaising. The tiithcr was con-
lined i) the house and most of the time to his hcd
diiriiiir the Hrst winter, his iiidis|)ositioii lici!!!;
due to tlie (dl'ccts of ii wound received in the ISIack
Hawk war, where, in the hattle of Had A.\i<, he
waK shot tliroiiirh the 1iiiij.m, from the effects of
which wound he never fully recovered. In con-
MM|iience, their little son, mounted on a hojv'-,
did the most ot the herdinj^ of the Htock, and
altliou;;li the father became better in health, y> \
he was never able to do a wiiole dayV work, Ji'id
died in ISon. ^'reatly himentei! by his family
and frieiidrt. He was an honest, iiidiititrious and
kind-hearted man, and was in uch esteemed by all
who knew him. He took a prominiMit part in the
early |)olitical atl'airsof ()rca(in. He was a Uhifi;
and was elected by his constitueiitstothe position
of (.'oiinty .liidjje. di8cliaro;ini; his duties in that
capacity with jndi^meiit and im|)artiality. Ho
was a consistent member of the Nfetliodist H)pis-
copal (Jliiireli. to the siipjiort of which lie lib-
erablly contributed, both of his means and iiitlii-
ence. His faithful wife survived him until
18S4, when she e.\pircd. leavinj^ many friends
to mourn her loss. She was a woman of intel-
hVcnce, and c^reat industry, kiiiddiearted and
generous, and had many warm friends.

The subject of onr >k(«tcli receivecl his I'diica-
tion at the Mi'Minnville Colleoe, alterwaril
Hlitdyin^ mcdic.ini^ at l.afMyi'tte. He commenced
the practice of incilieim^ in the fall of IM!,"), ut
l''orent Orovn; remained there on(> yt'iir, tiieii
moved to Marion (Mimty, and priu'tieed there
three years, lilliii}^ the otiice of (loroner two
years; then moved to .Mc.Minnville, and in 187IS
firadiiated iit the ('ooper .Medical Collej^e, of
San I'raiiciscd, returning to Mc.\[iiiiiville and
resuming his practice, where he has remained
iiiosf of the time since. His practice has ex-
tended through Yarn Hill and I'olk coiintieH,
and ItaH riMpiired his traveling long distaneug,
night and day, in iiotli nieasant and storiny
weather, to alleviate siith'riiig tind cure the
atHicted. Ho has served alike the rich and iioor,
to the best of his ability, never withholding his
skill from the |ioor and altlicled, but rather be-
stowing in charity tlmse attentions which far
surpassed alms.

This uninterrupted devotion to priictiei< has
made inroads on his health, and he now finds
liimself unable to undergo the hard practice of
his earlier years, and is eiideavoriiiir to take life
a little easier.

In .laniiary, 1862, the Doctor was married to
.Miss (!ecilia .M. Spem^er. an estimable lady and
a native of I'cniisylvania. She was a daugh-
ter of Rev. John Spencer, a well-known M»'thod-
ist minister, who crossed the jilains to ( >regon
in 1852. They had one daugliter, Ilosamoiid 1.
After twenty-seven years of happy married life,
Mrs. Young died, greatly lamented by her fam-
ily and friends, to whom she had endearcij hor-
B'if by her intelligence and great amiability of
disposition. She was a deeply devimt church
woman, and gave much attention to the weltare
of both (diurcli and Suiidayscho(d. bv both of
wliicli her death was mourned .is a public
calamity.

In the fall of 1889 Dr. Young married Miss
ilennie M. Newell, a highly esteemed lady, and
a native of Illinois.

The Doctor was one of the organizers of the
Medical Society of Y'am Hill county. He
served for four years as Coroner of the county,
giving entire satisfaction td all concerned, lie
has dealt somewhat in real estate, and still owns
some valuable property, among which is a part
of his father's original donation claim.

lie is a Itoyal Arch Mason and also a mem-
ber of the I. (). V. W., being the Medical Ex-
aminer of the latter society.

lllt^roUY <ih' oliKHoN.

itfim

I'olitiually. Iiu i>< a Uc|iiililicHii, hiuI rnkctt u
il('t'|) intci'L'Ht ill tlic itttiiirH or hitt Stuti' iiiiil
country. Ili^ Iiiih rcnidi'il tor forty-two yimrii
ill ( >rt'gi III, Hill! witiKtHMiMJ itH ^rrttiiiiiii ruc.liiiim-
tioii rrmii 11 will! iiikI iiiiN'ttliMJ coniitry t<> oiiu
ikliduinliii^^ ill liij^lily ('iiitiviilt'ii liclijs of irrititi
lliid Imp- oiclmriin bcMilin;^ wilii tlic ut'i^iit of
tlic cliiiict'ttl fruit; uitliii |Mi|iiiliitiiiii of tlioii-
ennilt*. all iMlcllii^cnt, iniJiit'trioiiM iiiiii ilovoicil to
till) Sliit'V liijfluTi iiml lii'!-t iiitciTsli*. 'riiriviii^'
citit'ft liiicl towns (lot the ]iriiirii^ wliero onci^ tliu
(Icitr iind iintL'lo|ie \v:inilcl'i'(| ut will; ht('iimi'lii|)(i
of tlio nuwt'ht linild iiml latest H|i|iliiini'Ci« |ily to
and fro on tlio licaiitifiil rivcru, whose siirfa<:t!
was once riitlled liy only tlie oecasional di|) of
an Indian paddle, or tlie wini; id'soiiie lowllying
liird. 'I'liiis liviiij:, lie lias iieconie wedded in
tlion;;lil and daily e\|ierieiice to this, one ot'tlie
most (»lorioiis of the iiiaiiy niiignilit'unt Stateiiof
the Union.

-s$**'

•*—

flD(iE J. .1. Wll ITNKY, li prominent niein-
her ot the Liiin county liar, ami a highly
resjiectecl citi/un of .Vllmny, Oreoon, was
luirn in Detiaiice, < )hi(i, in 1X40. His H:ice«torrt
ciiiiie from Kiioland to .\iiierica. and settled in
the (\)imectieut colony in the seventeenth cen-
tury. John Whitney, the .ludf^e's father, was
liorii near Hartford, IJoiiiiecticut, and spent his
early life there, .\fter rcachiiiff manhood he
removed to Ithaea, New York. He married
Miss Until Iliitthinsoii, .md in WM settled jier-
niaiiently at 1 )eliance, Ohio, where he followed
his trade, that <if slioemaker.

The sulijeet of our sketch wn^ thrown iijiom
his own resources at the aj;e of thirteen. He
found eniphiymeiit on a t'ariii, at first workinir
for his board, his wages heiii)/ fixed from time
to time, cotnmensiirate with his increasing years
and usefulness. At twenty he decided to seek
an occupation throufjli the channels opened hy
education, and to this end heiran to study, ap-
plying; himself witli jrreat dilij^ence. Two years
and a half later he liefjan readiiii; law in the
office of Henry Hardiii>r, of Defiance, and in the
fall of 18Ga entered the Law School at .Mliaiiy,
New York. He was admitted to the l)ar in tlie
spring of 18t)4, returneii to Defiance, and coiii-
meiiccd practice, and in the fall canvassed the
county for Geor<re 1!. McClellan, Democratic
nominee for President, carrying his county, and

gaining; a repiltiitioli us a |Hililieal or^allllHr.
He soon afterward started for California, via
.New York and the Isthmus of ranania, and
lan(li>d safe in San Kraneisco. Kroni there he
went to the Idaho mines, want of nieaiis making
it iiecesMary for him to widk, and after a few
months spent in miiiln;.; we find him in the fall
of 1st).") in I'oitlaiid. < >r,'piii. The fullowin^
winter he was eiij^aiJi'd i:i ti'iu'hiiijf in the Waldo
Hills, and afterward taught nine months near
Krowiisv ille. in the spring; ot lSt)7 he oetlled
in Alliany. He hint sinci* heeii engageil in the
practice of his profession here, la'ing now one

of the oldest practitioners in tin unty. In

1M71 he was eleete(| I)istri(^t .\ttoiney, and in
\H~H WHS re-eleeled to the haiiie ollice liy a roiis-
iiio- majority, running 700 votes ahead of his
ticket. In IMS:.' he was elected to the Slate
l,e;;islatuie. While a ineinli, r of that liodv he
drafted and iiitrndiiceci the lull reducing the
fees of Sheriff and State employes, which lie
came a law. He also reiidereij other ellieient
service while in the l.egislatu>'e, performing his
duty in a manner that rellected cri-dit on liiin-
self anil his constituents. In IMS4 he was
electe(l (lounly .1 iidgi', and served four years.
Since 1SS8 he has Keen engaged in the practice
of his i)rofes^i()n.

.Iildge Whitney wa^ married in San .lose, in
Deceinher, 18s'.(,'to Miss Kli/alielh Wotlake. a
native of ( )regon, and adaiighter of ('yriis West-
lake, a pioneer of 1S48. They have two chil-
dren: Stevi'ii A. and John Cyrus. The.lndge
has accumulated coiisiileralile pmiierly. He
linilt his re,-ii!'iice on the curner of I'ourth and
Maple streets, in lS7!). and in this county he
owns a'loiit 0(H) acres of land.

.1 lldi'" Whitney is a good e\iilll|ile of the ~clf
made man. l-'rom a poor hoy !;■ rturkcil his wiij-
up to his pre.si'iit position of Wealth ami iiiliii
eiice, this residt l)eiiig attained through his own

unaideii i

ft'orts.

^IH^^*-

tOiiKKT WH ITNKY. a pioneer of is 17,
and one of the prominent fanni'rs of French
I'rairie. is a native of tlii' State of Indiana,
horn in La (iraiige county, Dircmhcr '2S, ISIil.
II ■ is of Knglifh ancestry, his father, William
Whitney, having lieen horn in Lincolnshire in
the year 1807. He married a lady of his own
country, Miss Kli/.alie'h Taylor, who was three
months v<iunger than himself.

\ 11

1370

UISTOUr OF OUEGON.

In 1S28 William Whitney ciiino to the (Initwl
Slates, to pnsli liiw fortniii's. unrl in 1830 la- sent
for Ilia wife and (iliild, and at'ti^r tlio}' oaiiie they
settled in the State of New Jei'sey. In 18)52
tliey went to Pennsylvania, where they resided
for two years, and in 1834 removed to Indiana,
where tiiey remained nine moni, but in 1847
Mr. Whitney with his little family erossed the
plains to Orei^on. The children then were:
Josepii, Koliert, .lames, Eli/.ahetii, Sarah and
Alices After a journey of six months' duration
they arrived safely at French Prairie, in Marion
county, where he pui'chased a settli-r's right to
ti doiuition chum of 040 acres of choice land,
from a Mr. I'arnard. Upon this place was a
log hoiisis and thirty acres of this place was
fenc(^d.

When tlie Whitney family began pionc^er life
in the new country it was but sparsely settled,
but the following year jrold was discovered, and
with a few of his neighbors he made tlie journey
overland to Ca'if(>''"ia, in 1848, and enjraged in
mining on the Mcxiuelumne river. Here he re-
mained about six months, undergoing much
hardship, but retnriu^d witli ^1,200 in gold.
He then tnrne(l his attention to farming, and
becMUie the owner of other tracts of land, and
hitei- in life he gave these to his children. Mis
death occurred .lune 1, 1S78, his good wife hav-
ing passed away April ('), 1875. They were
kind, hosjjitaiile people, well and widely known
by the piont'ers, and enjoyed the esteem of all
who knew them.

Robert was the fourth child in the family of
his parents, and was in his thirteenth year wIkmi
he accompanied his parents to Oregon. Here
he iittendeil school, hut later entered the mines
at I'lorence City, and in 18(i4 at Boice, wher(>
he worked the most of the time for wages, re-
ceiviTig $100 p(>r month. He was married Feb-
ruary 12, 18t>(), to Miss Hannah Pendleton,
a native of Logan county. Illinois, born January
1(), 1837, a daughter of Mr. ('hampney Pendle-
ton, who with his family came t(t Oi'egon in 1847,
settling on a donation claim on IJaker's Praii'ie,
wluM'e he died in 1857, his wife having died in
1MM2, in her sixty-seventh vfiai'.

After marriage Mr. and ^Ir8. Whitney settled
on the present farm of 590 acres, they having
purchased it from his father, jiaying down
.ta.OOO. and going in debt $2,200, at (i per
cent.; and this debt bns all been paid, and other
land, amounting to sixty- three acres, were a<lded;
lull now, after selling some of it, there remain

544 acres, and it is one of the choicest farms in
the county. In 1876 our subject Imilt a good
residence on the property, and has lately turned
his attention to hop-raising. Mr. and Mrfe. Whit-
ney have h.ad nine children born at their present
home, and their names are as follows: George
Washington; Clara B.; Oliver 0.; Ardala M.,
now Mrs. Jos(^pli F. Barnes, residing near her
parents; Asa; (Jlarence; Andrew Love; Goldsby
Ilonesty; and Lincoln.

Mr. Whitney is in politics a Republican, and
he and his oldest son are inetnbers of both
branches of the I. O. O. F. and of the K. of P.
This family is one of the highest credit, and one
that is deserving of* the esteem in which it is
held through Marion county.

jISS IIARUIET OSGOOD TIIOMS,
vice-principal of the Atk.iison Scliool,
Portland, is a native of Wisconsin. Her
father, William Thonis, was a native of the
State of Maine. Her ancestors une from
(iieat Britain and settl^nl in New England early
in the history of this country. Her father, a
worker in lirass and a civil engineer, married
Jenette Perkins, a native of his own State and
of Scotch ancestry, who came from the High-
lands of the old coun'^^rv to Maine in colonial
times. They had three children, of whom Miss
Tlionis is the only survivor.

She was educated in the public schools of
Madison, Wisconsin, an<l at the States University
there, taking a special coui'so also in the School
of Methods, in Saratoga, Xew York, and also a
special course in mathematics, in the State of
Massachusetts. She began her school work in
the fifth grade of the public schools of Madison,
and taught in all the grades up to that of junior
mathematics in the high school, her te.aching
extending over a jieriod of fifteen years, when
she resigned to accept a position in the sixth
grade of the Couch School, in Portland. A year
afttTward she was promoted to her present posi-
tioii, as vice-principal of the Atkinson School.
She is a thorouiih scholar and teacher, endowed
with excellent thinking power, able to present
clearly and illustrate aptly all the difficult prob-
lems arising in studies pursued by her pupils.
Her specialty is inathematics. in which she is
exce(itionally ca]iable.

In 188fi-'87 she had the honor of being the
President of the National Educational Associa-

UlHTOliY Oh' (tn/'J(l'h\.

1371

MIS III

ii'tied
UMiit-
•eseiit

ami

botli

of P.

one
it is

tioii. Wiien slio rcsi<;iiL'(l licr position iit Miuli-
80n, it WI18 with ovtremt; rt'liii'lancc iind rcirrct
tlint the school otticurs [lartud with lier st'i\ iocs
as teacher. Tlie recoininLMniatioiis j^rivoii heron
that occasion, ami the resolntions paBsed con-
Lorning her standino;, etc., were of the very
liiffheet character. Since coniinfr to Portland
nhe has been equally siiccessfid, having estah-
lished herself as a teacher of the highest order.

fB. TIIORSON.- The magnificent l.readlh
of the area of ( )re<,'on is [lecnliarly adapted
o to the growth of iiHiopenti<'iice and n])-
bnilding of chariicter of her inhabitants, wliilo
herwondertii! advantages of soil and climate offer
iiniiBiuil opportunities to those of energy ami
ability to acciiinlilate an abiimlaiice of this
world's goods. Ainong those who have |)rolitcd
by these advantages, no om; is more worthy of
mention than the gentleman whose name lieadj
this brief notice.

J. n. Thorson, prominent as a business man
and enterprising citizen of La (Trande, was born
in Gothenburg, Sweden, December 5, 1882.
Ilis earlier years were passed in his native city,
and he was afforded the liberal educational ad-
vantages of some of the best schools of Sweden.
He learned the trade of nnichinist, and, had ho
finii^hed the prescribed course of stuily at tlu^
school he was attending, he would have n^-
ceived a diploma as an engineer, but his imagin-
ation had early been exciti^l by the glowing ac-
counts of the marvelous o[)portiinities offered to
those of industry anu persevi'rance by America,
and realizeil an ardent desire to test those ad-
'antages. Accordingly, he left school and em-
barked for the New World, landing in lioston,
in 1881, with $1.00 in money, but well provided
with hope and unalterable determination, lie-
ing a good mechanic, he soon found employ-
ment, which calling he continue(l to follow in
the cities of Boston, New York, i'hiladclphia,
I'ittsbiirg and other imuiufacturing centers of
the East until 188<). lie then came t(j Oregon,
and after worlving in the railroad sliops at Port-
land, Klleidiurg, Helena, Hulte, and through
lilaho back to the Dalles, he formed a partner-
ship with a eounrryman of his, Charles Mill-
(juist, and )hey entered into business in I, a
Grande. P>y close attention to details, persever-
ing in<lustry, uiirightness in dealing with others
and uniform courtesy, they Inivi^ met with llat

rering success, and. f(U' young men, have ac-
euninlated (piite a fortune. Tliey are now the
ownei's (if 11 large brick block in the business
portion of the town, b<'sidcs other valuable pro|)-
erty in Portland, Dallas, KIgin and La Grande,
and have stock in the National Hank of the
latter place. 'Phis success, entirely unaidecl,
conveys more forcibly than words thii worth ami
enterprise of these young men. With jiersever-
ing industry they have bent circumstaiu'cs to
their will, and pressed with undaunted front to
the foremost rank of eommerei'd life.

Politically, they are Itejiublicans, although
their private affairs jireclnde their engaging
actively mi public matters, further than to exer-
cise their right of franchise.

Of mechanical ability, varied experience and
indomitable eneriry, these young men justly en-
joy prominence in their community, wldle their
liberality, pulilic spirit and other sterling nuali-
ties of mind and heart lia\t' gained for them the
universal esteem of their fePow-men.

'ii. If. CONYKIiS.adealcrinre.il estate
and also an insurance broker and No-
o tary Public (pf Clatskanie, <'(dumbia
county, Oregon, is our subject in the present
sket<'h. For many years he has been coiniectecl
with the real-esta' i business itnd is prcdiably the
best posted dealer in this section of the country
in real estate and the values of all kinds of
land. His business extends throughout this and
other counties and even bey<inil the .'^tate limits,
holding o|)tions on large ami valuable timber
tracts in the State of Washington, extending as
far north as Olym|iiaand Seattle. His biisini^ss
has bi^en a successful and constantly iiu'reasing
one from the start.

Mr. (\myers came to Oregon more than
twenty yt'ars ago. and during bis resicleiice in
the State he has tilled somct <d' the most ini-
jiortant otlices'of (,'olumbia county. He was
born at (iiiincy. Illinois. .Vjiril K'l. 1810, ami
his parents were Knocli and Gatherin(! ( Parsons)
< 'onyers. the lather a native of Kentucky an<l
the mother of New Hampshire. The t'ormer
died in 181!( and the latter jiassecl away seven
years pri^vioiisly. They hail four childre!i. of
whom the subject of this sketch was the thinl.
When young he went to live with his maternal
grandfather and worked on the farm until ho
was twelve years of age. .\t this lime his

1272

nisroiiY ov ohkoon.

])!ii'fnts were liolli doad, iiiiil liciiig cif an iiide-
i)L'tiil('iit cliai'acter lio cuiicliKled to .start out in
lift! for liiniselt.

Witli tliu tolly of youth, he started out from
liis irranii father's home when a nien> lad, tlnis
clieatiiiiT himself of tiie opportunity of an edu-
cation, aitiiougii in lifter years when he ivalized
his delicieiicies he reine<lied his early haste by
unplieation and perseverance, lie now ranks
anioti^ ihe most capaljie liusiness men of liis
section. At the city of (^uincy he leariie(l the
trade of inachinist, servinjr, however, but one
year, and then <lecideil to learn tlie hhicksmitli's
trade, whicli he followed until the hreakinir out
of the War.

Ill 18()1 Ml'. Conyers enlisted as a private in
Company \), Si.xteentii Illinois Infantry, and
took part in the ('apture of Island No. 10 and
other noted eiiiraifenients. lie was connected
with the Annies ot the Mississippi andtheCurii-
herland and served four years, during which
time he was promoted to he Lieutenant and
served on tlu^ staff of (ieneral .laines D. Mor-
gan, lie was mustered out at Annapolis, Mary-
land, hy reason of lieiiiij a prisoner of war, in
IHti.l, and on his return home lie was appointed
to a position in the post otKoe department, in
which position he remained until 1871.

Mr. Oonyi rs then went to Oregon and en-
gage<l in farming near Clutskanie, his jiresent
lionie, which vocation he followed for several
years, until, in 1878, he was elected County
Sheriii', and, two years later, reelected to the
same olHce. Afti^r serviuij in this important
position for four years he was elected County
Clerk, serving a term of two years, when, in
18s4, he returned to the farm on which his
family now reside. I'esides his farm, Mr. Con-
yers also owns valuable city projierty. He was
first appointeil a Notary Public bv Governor
Moody in 1S8"J.

In I8(i0, Mr. Conyers was nmrried, in Uo-
chelle, Illinois, to Miss ,\nna James, a native of
Maine and an a<lo|ited daughter of Dr. Ih'own,
of Meiidcui, Illinois. Their family consists of live
living children: Louisa C, wife of Charles
JSIeserve, proprietor of the Oregon City Enter-
jirise; ami Mary, the second daughter, who is
connected with the same journal as bookkeeper;
N(yra II. is studying landscape and portrait
painting in Portland; (ieorj^e P. and Laura M.
are still at honn'; ImiocIi died in l!S78.

Politically, Mr. ('oiivers is a stanch and stead
fast liejiublican and has always taken an active

interest in the advancement and de' eloprnent of
his county and 8tate, of which he is a popular
and esteemed citizen. In socia' matters, he is
allied with St. Helen's Lodge-, No. 33, A. F. &
A. M., and I. O. O. F., and has passed all the
official chairs in the subordinate lodge and be-
longs to the Kncampinent deij;iee of tli;' order.
Mrs. (!onyers is a lad}' of relinement and culture,
possessed of rare e.vjcntive ability. She also is a
Notary and assists her husband in his busir<-AS,
not unfrerjuently taking charge and Ur U"iii'
responsibility during his absence.

l-^^s-*-

-frl€4

fEOUGE H. THURSTON, who has been a
resident of the State of Oregon since 1847,
was born at liiirlington, Iowa, December
3, 1846, a son of the Hon. Samuel 11. Thurston,
whose sketch is given on page 475 of this work.
George 11. was educated at Willamette Uni-
versity and in other schools of the State. lie
began his career in the business world in 18()4,
Ds chairman of a Government land surveying
party. The following year he was associated
with" W. H. Odell and H. J. Pengra, who lo-
cated the Oregon Central Military Wagon rtoad
from I'ooneville City, Idaho, to Eugene; he
thus jiassed his summers in surveying, and dur-
ing the winter attended school until 1870, when
he bought his ranch of 800 acres near Sjiring-
field; here he engaged in the live-stock business,
and during the same year, purchased 5,000 head
of sheep which he sold on the route to Oroville,
Calif(U'nia. In the spring of 1871 he returned
to Eugene, and engaged in public surveys wl'ioii
he followed for three seasons.

Jlr. Thurston was united in marriage, March
26, 1872, to Miss Marietta Henderson, a daughter
of Knoch Henderson, an early ]>ioiiei>r of Ore-
gon. After his marriage he continuiMl in the
live-stock trade and Government surveys until
1870, when 'le began reading law with George
U. Dorris, of Eugene; he was admitted to the
bar October 5, 1882, bnt did not engage in
active practice, except as referred ' to the man-
agement of the land business of the Willamette
Valley and ('ascade Mountain Wagon Road; he
conducted the business until 1883, residing in
Portland. T!-is coiu'ludeii, ii.' r.-Mirned to his
ranch at Springfieh' arid has r ' !«■ his head-
(luartcrs there whili lookin|' af i ds specula-
tions and stock interests.

niHTOHY OF onmaoN.

1S78

In 1S80 he embarked in the raising of sheep
in eastern Orefron, ami eontinueil witli marked
success nntil 1887, wiien through a severe win-
ter he lost 10,01)0 head; in 1890 he sold his
sheep, hut still owns a range of 3,700 ueres in ]
Lake county. {

Mr. and Afrs. Thurston have three pjiildren: |
lilandina S., Samuel IJ. and Anita Hlizabetii. j
Our subject is a member of no secret societies,
and seeks no jjolitical honors. Ho has devoted j
his energies to ids business, and has met witli
the success equal to his efforts.

fONATIIAN TODD, an esteeincil citizen of i
Mc]\Iinnville, is 11 native of Nradison eountv, !
Kentucky, where he was born Feiiruarj 12, j
1S16. His t'atlier, .Fosepb Todd, was a native of |
K(n-th (Carolina, where he was born in 1777. i
The family was of English descent, and among
the larliest settler.s of North (/ai'oiina. His
father married Cjntlua Williams, a dauirhter of
.Tarrett Williams, a distinguished Kevoliitionarv
soblier. T'hey removed to Missouri In the fall
of 1S17, locating in Howard county, neai' Fay-
ette. Here they resided four years, and then
removed to Clay county, in the same State, re-
nniining there until 1838. They then removed
to I'lattc county, where they remained until
1853. at which time his father died, aged seven-
ty-three years. Their eleven children grew to
niaidiood and womanhood, live of them still liv-
ing, three tons and two daughters. He had
been for forty years a IJaptist, when he united
with the Christian Church. He was a great
and good man, and was lamented by all wlio
knew him. [lis wife stirvived him, and died
aged eighty-six years.

The subject of our sketch was reared in Mis-
souri, whore he was married to Miss I'atsey A.
Hrock, a native of lielniont county, Ohio. He-
foj'e his marriage, he purchased land in I'latte
county, Missouri, and later removed to .\ndrew
county, same State, where he married. They
had eight chihlren, one of whom died in in
fancy, the others still surviving, and comfortably
set I led in life.

Wlum Mr. Todd came to Oregon in 18(15, lu^
brought with liini his wife and seven (diildreii.
The names and present location of the chil-
dren are as follows; ({oliert Harrison lives in
Davenport, Washingtoi., and is cashier of a

bank at that place; Mary F^. is the wife of the
licv. Peter It. IJurnett, a (Miristiau minister
residing in .Medford, >lacksoii countv; Cynthia
.Lis the wife of 1>. K. Sjiarks, and resi<les in
Vani [Hll county on a farm; .losepli A. is a
merchant, and resides in McMinii'. lie; Martha
A. lives with her parents; Prince W. resides
ill Santa Kosa, ('alifornia, wheri! he is Deputy
County Clerk; (Jeorgc! \^. is with his parents.

Mr Todd came from New York via the
Isthmus and from San Francisco to Oregon by
water. He cann! dire(!t to Yam Hill county,
where he ])iircbascd 2.")8 acres of ciiltivateil
land, located a mile and three fcnirllis west (d'
McMinnville. wlien^ he resided and farmed
until 1877. when he retired from active lib',
and purchased a residence in McMiunville.
where he now resides. WIkmi he purchaHcd
bis first land, it cost him Sj*!'' ^I'l "ere, which
he improved so well and jiut under such an
excellent state of cultivation that he values it
at ^50 an acre, ami it retlects great I'redit on
his judgment that la^ slioiild have made siu'ii
a wise choice of laud at a time when lie (Miiild
have no idea of the futuri' prosjucts of the
country, in regard to location. This fortu-
nate selection 'las enabled him to suppurt ar.d
educate his family, and provide coinl'ortably
for himself in later years.

He has always been a Democrat, and while
residing in Missouri, was elected to the posi-
tion of .lustice of the Peace by an admiring
constituency. ]''or fifty years he has been a
member of the (liristian Church, to which his
wife also belongs, and his life hiis coufoniied
in practices to tlie dictates of his coiisciiuice.
Honest, industriiMiH, persevering and econom-
ical, he has provided c<)mf(U'tably bir his
wants and for those under his protectidii,
while his amiability and iinsellisbness have
endeared him to his family and a host of de-
voted friends.

'^--

tKV. CI>INTON KHLLY. deceased, a pio-
neer iMefhodist minister of Oregon, was
born June 15, 1808, on Clifton creek, near
Somerset, the county seat of Pulaski county,
Kentucky, at the place now known as Mt. Zinii.
His JMiyiiood uas ^|)cnt on the farm, bis eve
niii;;s devoted to readingaml study. ami altlioiigb
his school days were few be ac(iiiiri'd l>y perhc-

1874

l/lsroiiV OF OIIKOON.

vcriiij; (.".\rc »!iil iinplicatioii nifoid oJiication loi'
tilt' tiinus. When ijuite .yoiiiiff his intellci'hial
attainiiieiils M'curifii fur liiin the position of
Bcliooliiiiister, wliicli poaitioii lie filled acci-pta-

ainoiig his
His l)oyliood
life rc'Kpoiisi-

itlior 'ieiny;

'I'Dlll lioini!

.wiiieiit of

h\\j for sovi'ial yciiis, niiiiilifriiii;

pupils many liis senior in years.

<lays \vei(! tew, and very c '\ in

hiliticrt were tlinist upon lin

a nianiifactinuH' and neeessanl

iiHicli of tlio time, tlie care and

of the farm early devolved upon (.yiintoii, iiii<ler

the supervision of liiw mother.

That mother wa.s a woiuan of iud)lu charactiu',
an uncoinproinisiiijr eneiiiy to the use of ardent
Bpirits, faithful and true to her b(do\ed relij^ion
and the eaiise of rif^ht. This irodly woman con-
seerated four sons to the itinerant ministry, who
o\ereanie a)(pareiitly nnsurmountahle obstacles
to becoiiK^ the heiinu'.s of the precious tidinos of
salvation to a fallen race, and have entered upon
their reward. What liijfher eneoiniunis of praise
could lie hestowiud upon a mother?

Her eldest son, in a reniarkahle manner, inani-
festt'd tlio^e principles which ever dominated
his sulise(|neiit career. He was led, as a result
of such training, to devote his lite to the service
(d' (iod anil huinanity. He became a remarkable
liihle btiideiit, many hours daily being devoted
to readiiij;; and meditatini; upon the sacred word.
At the a<f(< of nineteen, being more mature than
his years, he was bethrothed to Mary llaston.
Ahoiit this time he bcoaii jiublic exhortation,
hnvino; been brouirht under eoiiviction during a
revival in his neighborhood, and converted
shortly thereafter, while rafting logs on the
Cumherland river. Ue was married in August,
1S27, and five sons were born to them, of whom
three are living,- -I'lynijiton and Arclion, — both
of Multnomah county; ami Hampton, of Wasco
eountv, Ori'iion. Shortly after marriage he was
licensed to preach in thi> AlethodiKt EiiiKCo])al
Church, serving in that ca])acity for several
years, lie joined the Kentiudvy Cont'erence in
1885, and was assigned to tlu^ (ilasgow circuit,
with Uev. J. V,. V. Thompson. He continued
in the itinerent service until the division of the
church in 18+1-, serving thereafter in the same
Halation the Methodist I'^piscopal (Church to the
timeof hisdepartiire to()regon. He strenuously
opposed church division, both in jmhlic ami pri-
vate, chietly for two reasons: lie was unalterably
opjiosed to slavery and considered it the duty
of the church to denounce the inhuman traffic.
He prophesied that tho separation in the church

Would be tli(! first step toward an attempt to
disrupt the nation, and the one event would
necessarily hasten the other, when fJucoln was
nominated by the ('hicago ilepuhlican conven-
tion of 18(50. After the rupture had taken
place in the Charleston Democratic convention
he prophesied that war was inevitable.

During his twelve years, active connection
with the Conference he traveled over the greater
jiiirty of Kentucky, much of it a sparsely settled
wilderness, making his work exceeding labori-
ous and attended with peculiar hardships and
privations, preaching once and often twice each
day. except Saturdays, and even thus occupied
an entire month would be necessary to a(H'()m-
|)lish one entire round. Money being scarce,
trade was carrieil on by barter; hence, his re-
innne-ation was small and inadeijiiate to support
his family, which were sustained by the lahors
of his sons upon the farm, he assistiiii; in their
maintenance by making baskets, .-epairiiig shoes,
t^tc, as he rode on horseback from ap])iiintment
to aj)pointiiient.

He was bereaveil of his wife June 14, 1837,
and was united in mai-riage to Jane Hums in
.1 line, 1838. They had a daughter, now deceased.
His second wife lived but two years after mar-
riage, dying in .luly, 1840. After this event he
removed with his young family to his mother's
home, his father having died in 1834. The
succeeding winter, .lannary 2(5, 1841, liis
beloved mother (lied, leaving him deeply and
peculiarly bereaved. The following March,
accordingly, he was married to Mariali Crain,
by whom he had nine children, six of whom are
living; Sarah M. Kern, East Portland; Hon. Pe-
numbra Kelly, Hast Portland; Laura F. Turner,
Tuhii-e county, California; M. Emily Shaver,
East Portlanil; K. I!. .Iiidy, P'resno county,
Califorina; and Dr. liichniond Kelly, i'ortland.

.\fter the separation of the church, foreseeing
that a rupture must occur, and desiring to rear
his family far from the blighting intliience of
slavery, he conceived the idea of emigrating to
the West. Accordingly, in the fall of 1847,
with his faniily and household goods loaded
upon three wagons and a cart of his own iiianu-
facture, he set out from Greene county toward
Oregon. The winter of lS47-'48 was spent in
Van I'liren county, Missouri, twenty miles south
of Independence, departing in the 8))ring for
lu<liau creek, the usual reiidezvons of western
emigration. Here the train was made up and
and May 1 they resumed their journey toward

J/ISTOnr OF OREGON.

Vila

the st'ttiiij; SUM. Tlie iiuideiits of tlio joiinicy.
the hanlsliips, the trials woi such as hehniijud
only to the time ami plaee.

They arrived at the Dalles late in September,
havinjr suffered the loes of some stock, lint not
the loes of hnnian life. From the Dalles a por-
tion of the lionBeliold goods and farming imjile-
ments, ahont 2,500 pounds, were iransported liy
water to Oregon City, under the direction of
Dr. SaiTaran: the remainder, with the family,
crossed the Cascade niountaitis by the i'.arlow
pass, little more tiiau an elk trail, over the iriost
precipitous ground. The entire iirst day was
spent in desceiidinij; what was called tlie "back-
bone." Rain having (alien the night previous,
cattle conld barely keep on their feet, and the
wajiofis were let down by ro])es dragging logs
behind. Marks u|ion trees and rocks to this day
attest the daring and hardihood of the pioneers.
After a halt at Foster's, they proceeded to Oregon
('ity, then the metropolis of tlie Pacific coast,
having about 800 to 1,000 inhabitants. Here
the winter of 1848~'4U was spent.

j'y tlie advice of Seth Catlin, Mr. Kelly vi.s-
ited, during the fall of 184-8, the claim near
F]ast Portland, afterward known by his name,
and determined to locate thereon, lie |iaid
Baker, the agent, §50 for the scpiatter's title
and interest, (considering the natural advant-
ages of the locaiion, he predicted that Portland
was destined to i)e the metropolis of the North-
west and a city of vast proportions. Karly in
the spring of 1849 he moved upon his doiuition
claim with his family. The country was cov-
ered witli tlie forest jiriineval, through which
roanie<l the v.ild beasts at their own free will.
The roads were Indian trails, Mr. Kelly being
the Iirst to ojien a road to Portland. The neigh-
bors were few and widely scattered, but none so
warm-hearted and hospitable. He was atn(uig
the first to turn bis attention to gardening and
the growing of fruit, and very early the products
of his garden found their way to market, first
upon wlieelbarrnw, direct to tlu^ river, thence
conveyed across upon his own tlatboat, ^20 per
load not inlrefjuently being realize<l.

I'pon the Sabbath the entire family attended
the church at the small schoolhouse. Here, in
the first Methodist class organized, the church
letters were placLd.in the spring of 184!l, Plynij.-
ton and Hampton unitcil, being the first re-
ceived on pnjbation. Mr. Kelly's ruling pission
through life was to do good to others. During
his residence at Oregon City he preached regu-

larly, and lifter moving he linl an iippointment
circ(dated for preaching service at the Portland
schoolhouse, which he maintained, and later, at
the first church eilitice, which he assisted in
building. J'Or ii number of years, aUo, lie con-
ducted servii^es iiigiihirly at Milwaukee, walking
the entire distance by a trail through the dense
forest. He also assisti'd in maintaining ilivinc
worship at various points on the Columbia
slough, Powell's valley, Carson's prairie and at
ditferent camp-meetings. I'pon the most sightly
knoll on the east side of the river, he erected a
large two-story log hou.se, wliicii could be easily
fortified in an attack from the Indians, and dur-
ing the "scare" preceding the Indian war of
1855 '5() the neighliors flocked in and were
housed and fed until the danger subsided. His
home was always a refuge for the poor, and a
resort where neighbors and friends delighleil to
congregate. He was a prominent figure in the
streets of Portland; well known because of his
strange, coarse garb, favorably knuwn because of
his unwavering honesty and integrity. .Misfortune
overtook him in .lanuary, 18(53, by the death of
his wife, nee Xancy Canada, and ladu- through
(ire, by the loss of home and articles of value;
but through all he was never known to ninrmur
or complain. He died June 111, 1875, aged
si.\ty seven years and four days. His funeral
was attended liy a large concourse of |)eo|)b;,
irathered from near and Car to manifest their
respect for a man whose departure created a
great and lasting void.

tlCIlMoXD KFM.V, .\.M., M. D., dean
of the medical de|)artment of Willamette
University, was born at Knst Portia!',! i'l
1855, the eldest of twelve children of Rev. (Min-
ton Kelly, whose sketch is given in this work.
He began his education at the district schocd of
East Portland, and then attended the Willamette
I'niversity, from which he graduated in 1^78,
with the degree of I!. A. The degree of \. M.
was conferred in ISSI. His medical cilucation
was secured at (he Miami Medical College at
Cincinnati, < )hio, where, after the regular course
and one year in the (tity hospital as resident
physician, he graduated with the degree of M.
I), ill 1S84. Then, remaining one year as senior
resident physician of the city hospital, he re-
turned to Portland in the spring of 1885 and
commenced practice. In the fall of 18H5 he

l'J7li

IlI^rOHY OF OliNOON.

acyi'ptc.l l]n' ilifiir of tlieohBtetricsniuJ tnicroscopy
in the iiiudiciil (lepartineiit of the Willuinotte
I iiiviT.sity, (k'h'veriiii,' lecturcH three diiys eiicli
wt'c^k, and in IS'Jl was !i])])(iintt'd dt'iin of the
inediciil (IcpartMient. Ills j)nu!lic,(' is of the old
sehoiii, and is general in lioth medicine and
Btirj^ery.

^■6?^-%¥-—

f3(K()Il(iK I!. MAUKI-K.— Proniinentamong
'' — the linaneiers and l)iisin(^'*s men of Port-
land is Mr. Georfite 15. Mai'klo, who was
liorii in llazleton, Pennsylvania, in 1857. For
U|)vai'd of ^00 years his family were cla.«sed
anion);; tht^ li'adiiicr hnsiness men of the State,
(u'orge 1>. Markle, Sr.. was u native of Milton,
I'ennsylvHriia. and settled at llazh^ton in 18411,
then a eoal-niniiiff camp, largely owned hy his
lirotlier-in-law, Mr. A. Pardee, in whoso eni-
|)loy Mr. Markle hegan hnsiness as a bookkeeper,
eoal dispatcher and snrveyor, hein<^ a natnral
accountant, (jiiick at tioiires and very rapid in
computing interest and valuations. lie snbso-
fjuently took (duuve of the Krm store, and hy
liis allien maniiirement and husinoas iibility ao
irij^riitiated himself in tht? minds of the princi-
pal tiuit in 18r)S. associated with A. Pardee,
(teneral William Lilly and Gillinaham Fell,
the tirm of (i. H. Markle A: Co. was organized,
to carry on the mining of anthracite coal at
.leddo, Pennsylvania, where the tirm iiad se-
cured an extensive lease of 05,000 acres of eoal
lands. The business continued very success-
fully until lS7t), when Messrs. Pardee and Fell
retired from the lirm, tirst selling their interest
to Judge Asa Packer, of .Maucli (Jhnnk, pres-
ident of Lehigh Valley Kailroad Company. Tiie
firm of (i. P>. Markle iV: Co. continued to tlic
death of Mr. Markle, in 1888, when the affairs
were closed n|i and the live children of Mr.
Markle reorganized under the same name, and
Continue ihe mining at Jeddo. Mr. Markle
also (uganized the banking house of I'ardee,
Markle it (irier, at Ilazleton, which has had a
successful career.

(i. H. Markle, the subject of this sketch, was
educated at the private' schools of Ilazleton un-
til twelve years of age, then attended the Alex-
ander Military Institute at White- I'lains, New
York, for two years, and graiiuated from the
scicntilic dejiartment of Lafayette Ccdlege in
1878, with the degree of Ph. I). He then went
to the mine at Jeddo and renuiined one year,

when, because of his father's failing health, he
went to Ilazleton ami represented his father in
the banking house of Pardee, Markle & (irier.
In 1881 Mr. Grier retired from the business,
and tho firm dissolved in 1882, when the bank-
ing house of Markle Bros. & Co. was organized,
our subject continiiing the nninager until 1886,
when he was succeeded by his brother, ;V. Mar-
kle. Mr. Markl(! made a tour through the Pa-
cific coast States, deciding upon Portland as his
place of settlement. After about six months in
making ac(]uaintances his first business enter-
prise was in 1887, when he organized the North-
west Loan and Trust (bmpany, and was ele'cted
jiresident. In July, 1887, with associates, ho
organized the Oregon Xational Hank, with of-
fice of vice-pre.-ident. .Vbout 1S88 he organ-
ized the Kllensbougli, at Washington, with office
of president. In P^ebruary, 1888, be was of a
syndicate to jtiirchase the Multnomah Street
Railway, and was elected the president. This
road lias been converted from horse to electric
power, a praiseworthy step in the development
of the city of Portland.

In 1888 he purchased the Silver Lip, Mule
Doer, Ked Di'agon and Sitting Bull silver and
lead mining claims, situated on Sunset moun-
tain, ShoshoiKi county, Idaho. He organize<l
the Portland Mining Company, of which he is
president. lie was one of the incorporators of
the North Pacific Industrial Association, and
was instrumental in securing subscriptions for
the ca])ital stock necessary to purchase eight
blocks near the corner of FourtinMith and B
streets, and to erect there a fine exhibition build-
ing. Subsequimtly he suggested that the peo-
ple of Portland should build the Poi'tland Hotel,
and in two weeks of persistent effort lu! secured
subscriptions in land, lumber and cash, amount-
ing to ^5(10,000. Upon tin; organization of the
Chamber of C(unmerce. of I\)rtland, Mr. Mar-
kle was appointed a member of the finance and
building committee, in constructing the no-.v
building, and chairman of the w.ays and means
committee, and he faithfully and successfully
negotiated a loan of $45,0()0, at six per cent
interest, from a New York life-insurance com-
])any.

Mr. Markle was married in Kingston, Penn-
sylvania, January 14, 1880, to Miss C. R.
fiibbs, danghter'of Dr. U. II. Tubbs, a prom-
inent physician of that locality, hut after
four months Mrs. Markle contracted a severe
cold which merged into a disease that proved

•^:- V

BISTORT OF OllKanN.

1877

tin
ill
ler.
esH,
ink-
zed,
i86,
ir-
]'a-
lis
ill
(ir-
tli-
ted

of-
III-

iiiii'i'

r a

Irei't
Tills
etric
nent

fatal. Ill' was again iiiiirricd at Vancouver,
WasliiiifTtdn, .liiiic lS8i), tn Mif-s Kate (iooilwin.
(laiigiiter of Lit'iiteiiant AV. 1'. (Goodwill of tlic
Foiirtocntli Infantry (Iiiited States Ariiiv. To
this niiion lias lieoii added one child, (loorgc 13.
Markle, Jr.

Mr. Alarklo is a ineinlier of the tiiiance coiii-
niittee of the Pivshytcrian General Aseenihly.
He is jiresident of the Orcffon Alpine Clnii,
and a meinlier of the Tlieta Delta ('hi (collcfre)
Society. Tlioiii.rli a yonii;,' man, Mr. Markle lias
manifested marked aliility in tinancial aflairs,
which, combined with his entiiiisiasm and public
spirit, has placed him amonj^ the ablest finan-
ciers of the Pacific coast.

fllOMAS F. ROUTJKK, one of the most
widely known and deservedly jiopular
yoiiDfj; men of eastern Oregon, is a native
of the Hinpire (3ity, liavino iicen born in New
Y'ork city on December '2,1, 1857. Ili.s father,
Thomas !■". Roiirke, was a native of the Kmer-
ald Isle, while his motiier, nee Mits .Mary
Lively, was an English lady, ami they were
married in Liverpool, Kngland. Soon after
their marriage they cast their fortunes in the
New World, coiniiig to .\meriea in 1855. His
father was a farmer by occupation, and lived
until 1858 in >i'ew York city, when he moved to
Warrenton, Missouri, where, six years later,
in 1804, he died. His faithful wife survived
him ten years, expirinir amidst her friends in
1874, greatly lamented by all who knew her.
ylie left two children, Thomas V., our subject,
and a younger sister, at present residing in
Portlanll.

The subject of our sketch lived with his
mother and sister on their farm in jMissouri,
until he arrived at the ago of ten years, when
he was sent to the Christian I'rothers' School,
at St. Louis, where he remained a year, from
whence he went to \ew Orleans, to live with an
uncle. Here he again entered the Christian
Brothers' School, in which he remained until he
reached the age of fourteen years, when he went
to Chariton College, of JSIississippi, where he
took a business course of studies, in which
he graduated creditably to himself and teachers.
He then returned to .Mlissouri. where he engaged
in railroading, securing a jio^itlon as operator
for the Northern Missouri Railroad; soon aft';r
80

he was |iroiiioted to the position of train-dis-
pat(dier, at r.exington . I unction, which was a
deserved indorsement of his ability and lidelity.
It was at this time that he received the news
of his mother's death, conveying the further
fact that she had left to his care a younger
sister. This charge he has faithfully fiillilled,
for wdiieh ho cannot be too highly commended.
On leaving Lexington ho railroaded through
Missouri, Iowa and Kansas until 18S1. when be
went to i'lieblo, ( olorado, where he secured a
position as cashier and chief clerk of the Domer
ifc Rio (iraiiile itailroad Company, where he re-
mained until 1882, when he came to Portland,
Oregon. He was employed in the latter place
by the O. \\. & M. Railroad, and worked at
J'endleton as operator and clerk, and afterward
as agent of that station for two years, until, ir
18sf, he discontinued railroading, ainl com-
niciiced business lor himself in Pendleton. Ho
embarked in the transfer and wood business,
and finally worked into the grain trade, until he
finally organi/.e<l tlio Hamilton & Roiirke (iraiii
Company, with a capital of SIO.OOO, which
handles K),0()(l,(l(tO bushels of grain, operiiting
in I'matilla, Union, Walla Walla ami Colum-
bia Counties, besides several cities in Wash-
ington, and having large warehouses at every
station. They do a business of iiii^.OOO.OdO a
year, having the largest grain trade on the
coast, licsides this, Mr. Roiirke is president
and manager of the ( tregon Marble and Liiiio
Company, located near Iliintington, Maker
county, which did a business of more than
.?l()(),iK)() a year in iStlO. He was instrumental
in organizing the National Hank of Pendleton,
with a capital stock of N1(M).()0(), with ofliccs a.s
follows: (t. A. Ilartman, pl•e^ident; Frank
Frazier, vice-president; and T. F. Roiiike, cash-
ier. Mr. Rourke is also a large stockholder
and director of this bank, which, under the able
iiianagemeiit of the bank officers, is constantly
increasing in business, and is on a solid liiiancial
foundation. l!e>ides all these various e-iter-
prises and multituilinous cares incident thereto,
Mr. Koiirke finds time to oversee the cultivation
of his farm of IfiO acres, adjoining Pcudloton,
where lie resides. Ho has other lands amount-
ing to 1,500 acres, which he rents for agricult-
ural piiriioses. He rai( s some stock, but does
not make a specialty ol chat business. He owuh
anil ui-es for bis private purposes probably as
fine a team of blooded trotters as can lie found
on the coast. His prosperity is all tlie more

1278

UISTOItr OF OHEGOX.

reriiai'kiiUlu wlicii wo reiiicinln'i' tliiit liu had but
!(i7.50 in iiKiiioy wlicii lie liiiiilfd in Oretfon, ten
vem'n ii;i;(i, lii> jiresent J)o^ifi(Jn in tlie world re-
ilectiuf^ nmi'li credit nn his liniincial ability,
ciuTfiy i"'d integrity.

Mr. Uonrkii was married to Miss Lillian C.
lioosvelt, a dani^rlitor of VVilliiini lioosvclt, of
Sioux Citv. liiwa, a dt'scendant of I lie celebrated
Koo^velt i'airiily of New York eity. They have
one ciiild, i,illiaii It. Kourke, born April 9.
ISSd, wlin is very iiitellii^eiit, and i^ives promise
of retlectinij credit on Oregon, the State of her
nativity.

lie is a member of the Odd l*\dlows' Associa-
tion, and has tilled all of the ofliccs of his lod<re,
whicli lie \\n> rejireseiited at the (Irand L<>du;e,
and also iielongs to the ICiiijflits of Pythias, in
th(< affairs of wliicli he takes an active interest.

He atliliates with the Deniocratic party, tlie
principles of which he unreservedly indorses, as
appeariiiff to him most eotnniendablo.

We seek in vain for the secret of his pros-
perity and po])iilarity unless we cite the oppor-
tunities jirox ided by this land of promi.ie to all
aspiring intellects, recalling Sh .kespeare's say-
iiiff. that " there is a tide in the affairs of men
which, taken at the full, leads to fortune," but
wo must not withhold the meed justly due to
his ability to perceive his great opportunities
and perseveringly pursue them.

W.STKVKXS it C(J. are the pioneer and
only manufacturers and di>alers in mili-
* tary, band ami society unit'orniB, e([iiip-
iiients and supplies in the Northwest, and are
located at Portland, Oregon. The nucleus was
formed in 1879 by Ward 8. Stevens under the
firm name of Stevens & Newcomb. In 1884
the firm was succeeded by a corporation known
as the Oregon Regalia Agency, with Mr. ^V. S.
Stevens as manager, and was continued by liim
until August, 181)1, when his death occurred.
He was a gentleman of the highest order of
character, and was prominent in the fraternal
societies of Oregon. Ife was born in Albany,
^'ew York, Juie 15, IS-ll, and descended from
a prominent Kngl>sh family which is traceil back
to the time of William the Con(jueror. They
came to New York early i!i the history of that
State, where several generations of the family
resided, and where Mr. Stevens was raised and

educated. When twenty years of age he made
a journey to China, where he arrived at the
uoinmencenient of the Tai-I'ing war, and was
commissioned a Cajitain under General (iordon,
in which capacity ho served till the (dose of the
war. He returned to his native land, and in
18(17 came to Portland, Oregon. He was on-
gaged for some time in the brokerage business.
In lH7t( he received the ap|)oiiitment of l.)cputy
United States Marshal, in which position he
discharged his duties for fifteen years, and be-
came widely and favorably known throughout
the State. He has tlie lionor of Laving insti-
tuted the first lodge of the K. of P. in the State
of Oregon, later of organizing the (irand
Lodge of the State. He was the first jiresiding
officer of the Gi-and Lodge. He was elected
(irand Keeper of the Record and Seals, which
position lie faithfully discharged for fifteen
years, up to the time of his death. He also
lield the ofHco of Ooloiud of the Uniform Rank
of the order, and was a prominent member of
the Red Mi-n, Di-nids, Workmen, and of the
Masonic fraternity. He was marri(d August 8,
18()9, to Margaret Hamilton, of Wapello, Iowa,
born February 21, 1851. The family crossed
the plains when she was only one year ohl, and
her father, Alexander Hamilton, settled with
his famih' in Portland, wh(>re she has since re-
sided. They had three children; Dudley Ward,
Helen Alma and V^iolet Margaret.

Dudley Stevens succeeded his father iti the
business, and is the senior member of the firm
of D. W. Stevens & Co. He was born in Port-
land, December 25, 1870. He was educated in
the Uisho]) Scott Academy of this city, and for
two years held the position of Deputy Clerk of
the United States Circuit Court. He is an
enterprising young business man of the city, in
which he had his birth, and is a worthy type of
one of Oregon's sons. He is a member of the
Red Men, and K. of P.

Mr. Xorman Pierce, who is the junior mem-
ber of tlie firm, is also a native of Portland,
born June 3, 18T1. He was educated in the
city of his birth, where he now lives. He is a
son of Captain S. S. J'ierce, a j)rominent officer
of the civil war. He is of Knglish ancestry,
who came to America just |)revious to the
Revolutionary war, in which tliey jiarticipated.
(Japtain Pierce enlisted in the Union army, and
at the expiration of his term re-enlisted, and
re-enlisted for the third time at the close of the
second. He was a brave soldier, and received a

HISTORY OF ORKCrON.

wound lit Wclildii raiUvdy, tliiit i-auHcd liiiii
iiiiicli sufferiiif^, and rosiiltcd in imrtial par-
alyrtis, from wliicli lie has never fully re-
covered. He was jiroinotcd to the rank of Cap-
tain, lie has lii'ld many ixisition^ of trnst
dnrini^ his resideiici' in rortianii. and is widely
and favoi'alily known thninf^hont the State. lie
marrii'd Miiriali AleMann, of I'altiinore, Mary-
land, a ijnidnato of the Norfolk .\cadomy, and
the <lan>;lit('r of .lainca I'. McMann, of Haiti-
more. They had four uhildren, of which N. S.
J'ieree was the yomij^egt. After rceeiviiifr liin
ediieatioii he entered the employ of Staver it
Walker, one of the leading firms of the city, in
wlii<'h position ho remained tivt^ years. He rc-
Bii(ned his jiositinn to enter his present firm.
Messrs. Stevens ife I'ierce have hcen life-lonif
friends. They are obliging and intellij^ent, and
enjoy the confiilence of a large circle of patrons.
They are regarded as enlerprisinjj hnsiness men
of the <'ity where the whole of their honorable
lives have been spent.

fllAULHS W. SKARS. a successful hnsi-
ness man of .Mbany, Oregon, is a native
of Vermont, born at Uichford, in ls37.

His parents, Aldcn and Caroline ^Cailton)
Sears, were natives of \'crmont. anil descendants
of Puritan stock. Alden Scars, a mechanic by
li'ade, was for a number of years fnii;aircd as a
merchant and maiiufacturiT at Uichford. He
was a man of considerable prominence. For
several terms he represented his party in the
State Let^islature. In 1852 he went to Califor-
nia and engaged in the numufacture of lumlier
and builders' materials at Columbia. From time
to time he bought ont different members of
his family, as circnmstancc.s would permit,
traiis])ortati<in in those early days being very
expensive. He also engaged in the marble
business, and followed contracting and manu-
facturing in Columbia until his death, which
occurred in 18t)8.

Charles W. was educated at Hakerstield .Vcade-
niy Institute, Bakerstield, Vermont, until his
eighteenth year, when he came West with his
mother a!id the younger children. lie then
worked with hi.s father in contracting and mill-
ing, and also learned the trade of carpenter. lie
worked at his trade for a time in San Francisco,
ami from there, in I8(i3, went to KIk City, where

he was also successfully eniiiloyiMl at carpenter
work. lie, however, lost all he had made in a
mining speculation. Ueturning to San Fran-
ciscf), he was employed by the Arco {!ompanv
of Stockton, and sent to Cai)allci, .Mexico, to
erect a (juartz mill, which work occiipicil his
attention for aiiont one year. After that he was
engaged in the planing mills at San Francis(H)
until 18(>'.t, when he came to ( >rcgnn and located
in I'ortland, engaged in mill work. He con-
tinued thus employed until IS72. I'Voni that
time till 1S71, he worked on the Custom House
building. .Next, we find him at Salem, as fore-
man on the State House; a year later, contriict-
ingand doing mill woi'k. In .laniiai'y, 18.s',i, lio
came to .Mbany and purchased the Zcvss inter
csts in the planing mill, then operated liy Zcyss
i^; Hochstaler, and engaged in general mill work
and in the manufacture of all wood linisbings.
March 1, IS'JI), they incorporated with the .*<iigar
Fine Doorife Lumlier Cnnipany, of (iraiitV I'ass,
and thus established a wholesale dislribuliiig
iioint at Albany fur their products. They employ
from eighty to 100 men at (iiiint's i'ass, and
from ten to twelve in the mill and yanls at .\l-
bany, which are located at the foot of Montgom-
ery street.

Mr. Sears was married in Fortlaml in 1^70,
to Miss Icilla M. Anderson, a native of Iowa.
They have four children: Charles A., Kdwin W,,
George C. and Alden.

Mr. Sears is a meinher of the subordinate
lodge and Kncam|iiiient, I. O. < ). F., anil of the
A. ( >. r. W. He is not active in ])i)litics. iuit,
having been deeply interested in temperance
from \vi youth up, naturally inclines toward
the advancement of the prohibition movement

M. W.VDDEL, an intelligent and sue-
cesifnl farmer of Vain Hill countv, was
I* born in Stratliniore, Scotland, Deceml'cr
10, 1S4-5. His jiarents, l)avid and ICIIeii (Mor-
ton) Waddel, were both native.-, of Scotland,
and were well and favorably known in their
country.

The' subject of our sketch was educate 1 in
Dundee, and conimenoed to learn the trade of a
millwright, but changed hi.H mind, and, in ISlit),
be went to New Zealand. When be arrived at
his destimition, he was presented with S'i.oO,
with which he purchased a spade ami shovel,
and engaged in digging ditches and making

12«lt

nrNToiir of oukoon.

foiiccs. After eiirlit ycnr8 of tliis liard work,
lie went to AiiHtnilia, where lie r(<iiiiiiiie(l for six
iiioiitlif-, wlii'ii lie ciiiiie to ( 'iiliforiiia.

1I<! liail iiiteiiilcil rt'turiiin^ iiiiineiliiitely to
Se<illiuiil, to visit his relatives uiui (he seeiies of
his ehildhodil, lint he lieeaiiie iiitere!4teil in 8iice|i,
letliii)^ them on shares in Santa iiarhara comi-
ty, lie was also aiipointeil Mayor of the inland
of Santa Criiz. At this time a Hevcre drouth
came on, and ho dceided to take his Hhce|i to
the Siena Mevada mountains for pasture. The
risk had hecome so j^reaf that he sold 1,400 for
lj(2 a piece, when a short time afterward they
were W(irthS'4 each; hut it proved fortunate for
iiiiii that he sold, as many sheep clied, and they
afterwand sold iis low as 75 cents a piece.

.Vfter selling, he went to San Kraiieisco, com
iiiiT from there to southern Orej^ou, where, in
Jackson county, he jnirchased ;520 acres of land,
lie then went east of the mountains, on the
I'matilla reservation, where he lierded sheep for
the Adams lirothers, remaining tliero for ten
months, lie then returned to his land on the
llo^iie river, and the following spring acce|)ted
from Kecd & !>add the jiosition of manager of
their large farm in ^'am Hill county, where he
eminently proved his aliility as a scientific anil
tlioroui^h farmer. He had tlie full manajruiiieiit
of it, and put it in shape, and made of it the
hest farm in the county, lie produced large
crops, and very tine species of blooded horses
and cattle on this farm, and made it an emi-
nently protitalie investment to the 'owners. The
origin of the name of the farm, liroad Meads, is
thus explaini^l hy Mr. Waddel: An intimate
friend of Mr. Reed, one of the owners of the
farm, was a Dr. Toliny, who was at one time
connected with the llitdson's J5ay Company.
They were payinir a visit to the farm one day,
wdieii,in thecourse of theconversation.it was re-
marked that so important a farm ought to have
a name, whereupon the Doctor was asked to
suggest a suitable one, and he immediately said,
"Itroad Nfeads," thinking that very appropriate
to such liroad and beautiful meadows as were
comjirised in the 3,000 acres contained in this
valuable jiroperly. Hence the name.

Mr. Waddel continued to inanaije the farm
for fourteen years, giving tliii very highest sat-
isfaction to its proprietors, by whom he was
urged to continue longer in its management,
liut,as he hadmanagcd so profitably for others, it
occurred to him that it would be iirotitable to
manage a farm for himself.

lie had sold his farm in ilackson, and imd
placed the money on interest, and with this
money lie piircliaseil 400 acres of land, located
on the narrow gauge railroad, three and a half
miles east <if Amity. On this ho erected a
large, substantial farm residence, good barns
for his grain and stock, and made niinieroua
other valuable iiiiroveinents, all calculated to
facilitate work, ami which his long and varied
experience had suggested to him, making of
the |)laee a model farm in every respect, a credit
to his judgment, the cour.ty and the State.
Here he resides, and exercis'S his taste in the
production of blooded horses and cattle, some
of wdiich cannot bo surpasiiod in the country.
His specialty in horses is t'lo Clydesdale breed,
and in sheep is the (Jotsivold, having of the
latter many lino specimei s, from which twelve
and a half pounds of '.vool each have been
sheared. His priiicii)al agricultural jiroducts
are wheat, oats and iiarley, of which the fertile
soil, supplemented by his excellent management
and care, yields large crops of a very fine (|uality.

In 187~ Mr. Waddel was married, at Salem,
to Miss .fane Kerron, a Iiighly esteemed lady,
and a native of bonny Scotland, having been
born in Perthshire, of that country. She was a
daughter of Mr. David Kerron, a jirosperons
farmer.

Mr. and Mrs. Waddel have live children, all
born at i'road Nfeads: Edwin, Arthur, J'eter,
Jenniti and David, all of whom are intelligent
and active, and reflect cre<lit on the State of their
nativity.

Mr. Waddel is a stanch liepublican. and take.^
a deep interest in the affairs of his State and
nation. In appreciation of his superior judg-
ment and ability, his constituents elected him
Road Supervisor, which position he has held
for many years, and the roads for miles, in dif-
ferent directions throughout the county, attest
to his skill and energy, and are greatly in con-
trast to roads in other localities of the State.
To this fact alone may be attributed, in great
measure, the superior value of property in Yam
Hill county, which is undoubtedly the banner
county of Oregon.

He is a Royal Arch Mason, in the aflairs of
which he has participated for years.

The bonny land of the thistle has sent us
many noble men and women, so that we have
cease<l to marvel at anything great cr good that
they may perform, hence the r(^a8on we do not
dwell more at length on the deeds of this typicnl

insroitY Oh' ojtk'uoJf.

i'iHi

iiad
|i flu's
onfi'd
III iiulf
U'd II
Ixirns

I'l'DllS

L'l I to

iiried

'1^' of

credit

.Stdto.

II the

Koino

in try.

hrced,

if the

uclve

l)eon

idiicts

'erfile

[MllCIlt

lulity.
5iiloin,

lady.

I)ecii
was a

XTOIIS

i'eprcM'litntivo of tlmt ij;lorioii> liilid. We nli-
scrvc in Kik'iitii', ami profit hy his cxanipli', Imt
with Ainoiican jiriilc, pronounce it a rumilt of
our own superior education and tnrninj^. Ilcifh
couiifriuB, however, arc great, and lioth are
good, and neither lian reiiHon to envy the other.

iLIVEIl UOlilHNS, oneof Ihe enterpris-
ing and Biihstantial fariiiciv of Clacka-
iiiart county, is an Oregon pioneer of 18r)2.
Mr. Kolihinrt was horn in Imliana, .hinc 1, 18K),
son of Jiicoli Ilohhins. At the hm;u twelve years
lie croHsecl the plains with his father and family,
riding a horse most of the way and hel|iliig to
drive the loose stock. After their arrival in
Oregon he was sent to school, and remained on
his father's farm until he reaclieil manhood. He
then went to eastern Oregon, and was in the
stock business for seven years, meeting with
success.

lloturning to Clackamas county, he was mar-
ried to Miss ^^ary 'riiompsoii. who was horn in
Ohio, Ajiril 2, 1847, daughter of IJohert Thoinp-
Bon. a descendant of Irish ancestry. Her father
came to Oregon in 1S5~, and is now a highly-
respected farmer of Clackamas county. About
the time of his marriago Mr. Kohbins purchased
1,008^ acres of land, and with his young wife
settled u|)on it, where they iiave since resided.
They have both been industrious, have niaile a
fine farm, and now own
They have two children;
Mr. George Adams, and
ents on a farm which her
Oria is attending college

are members of the Methodist ("liiirch South,
and arc i)eo])le of high standing in the com-
munity in wliich they have so long resided.

t valuable property.
Katie is the wife of
resides near her par-
father gave her; and
at Corvidlis. They

fAMES WILLIAM RfXiEUS, whocame to
Oregon in 1845. and is one of the most
highly respected citizens of Vam Hill
countv, was born in Indiana, .\pril lii, 1821.
Jlis fathei', Lewis Kogers, was born in Ken-
tucky and reared in Indiana; and the grand-
father of our subject, Aipiilla Rogers, was one of
the pioneers of the .State of Kentucky. The an-
cestors of the family have been prosperous

faniiers. and inestlv ineinbers of tiie ChriHtiaii
ilenomiiiatioii. I.invis Rogers miirrieil .Mi>s
Nancy A. Richards, ii native of Indiana, and the
daughter of Ziid(pk Richards; this family were
Tennesseeans.

Mr. Rogers, whose name heads this sketch,
was the second of the nine children of the above
family, and the eldest son. He was lirought up
on a farm in Indiana. In 1840 he went to
low 1, where he wa- employeil by his father, and
put in crops on shares; in 18l.'j, in com|iany
with his brother and a brother in-law and il
neighbor, ho started with o\ teams and fhn'e
wagons on the long journey across the continent
toward tlie "sunset land." The joiirnt^ was
successful, .\fter crossing the Missouri river
they fonled every stream until they reached the
Des Chutes river, which they crossed by making
a raft of canoes lashed together. Indeed, Mr.
Rogers enjoyed the journey very much. They
killed buffalo and antelope, and the bitter ex-
periences so common on such tedious espedi-
tions were so few and light that he looks back
on the whole trip with scai<'ely any feeling but
that of ])lcasiire.

Coming to Yam Hill county, he tnok a dona
tiiiii claim a mile and a half sonthwesl of wliiHe
now stands the beautiful cily (d' .McMinnville.
(No town was then thought of at that jMiint.)
Mr. ('o/ine and wife were his nearest neighbors.
He erected a small big hcnise an<l began life as a
bachelor. After li\ ing in this way tw(j or three
years he married, December 21, 1818. Miss Mary
1'".. Ilendeison, the daughter of .lesse V. Hender-
son, who came to Oregon the same year that
he did. He continued to reside upon this farm,
making iin|iripveiiients and raising stock and
grain, being successful and eiijoyino the resjieet
( r many ac(|iiaintances.

I.iiliad seven <'liildren. four sons and three
I o.ghters. One clied in infancy; .1. O. is now
employed in the Recorder's oflico at McMinn-
ville; .lane Ann is the wife of Isaac, (Jollard. and
resides near her fallier; I'riscilla E. married
Frank Collard. and resides in Washington;
Lewis and frank iiie druggists in McMinn\ ille;
and Thomas is with his brothers in the drug-
store.

In addition t(i his other farming. Mr. Rogers
ii.is turned his attention to horticulture and is
now raising large ipiantities of choice fruit.
The growth of the thriving city of McMinnville
has enhanced the value of liis pnijierty, and from
•ime to time he luis clisposed uf subdivisions of

128!i

HISTORY OF oHRdON.

h '

liih himl, liiit III' Htill I'l'taliin I'.M) iirri'4, oil which
h(! Hcttli'il rntvM'vcii vi'iirH iij^ip. Ami iliiiiiiM;
thirt ^lll^ |M I'idil he hiiit liiM'ii thor(iiif;;lily i<lciiti
lit'il with I'v'ei'v liiovi'iiiciil iiitiMuhMl to build up
thi^ iiitcri.iits of the tiiwii mill viriiiity, tiikiiij^
Ktock if. t>vi*r_v tiiKiiiciiil ciiturpiMHe tliaf lio coii-
xido'-i'ii II ^oihI iiiovi'iiiciit. Ill' was olio of tim
liMlderK of the McMiniivilhi, a Htcumhoiit liiiilt
t" ciiiiM'y Fii'l^jlit ami past-ciiffern ti> ami from
I'nitliiinl ; hf li('i|ii,'il (•ri^iiiii/f Ihn (iniii^o, took
Htoi;k ill its (Miti'rpriscs iind wii!< its (!iiR|)liiiii for
Hcvcriii yrai's. Wlicii the iJaptist coIIi'l'o was
Htarti'il III! aiili'd it liliiTaiiy; and, in fact, ho Iiuk
inifoniiiy exiiiliitt'd hy his dwdrt hia wiiliiij.;-
lena to contribute to tlin welfare of McMinn-
v.lle.

Mr. lioj.(er(* nindc u public profesnion of Chris-
tiaiiity in tho year 1851. He joined the Ciiin-
lioilaml l'n\-diyt(M'ian (Jhiirch, whi'i'e he «till
colli iiiiR's a iiifinlier and MIder, which otlice lie
has lilled for iiioie than twenty year<*. lie if now
in IiIh seventy tirst year, in the eiijoynii'nt of
jfood health, of active intellect, kind-liearted,
social and in every way a worthy citizen and a
f^ood representative of the Oregon pioneers of
1845.

Mrs. Kiii^crB died February 25, 1st)!), and Mr.
Koc^feis reiiiiiined single until December 2H,
1H7S, when he niarried Miss Mary \. Small, a
native of southwest Missouri, and the daiio;h-
tcr of Henry and Mary A. (McCall) Small; her
father wa.- a Keiitiickian, and her mother was a
native of Tennessee; and iier f^randfatlier came
from Scotland.

llTGrSTl'S FAN NO. deceased, an honored
()re>;on pioneer of 1840, whose industry
assisted in the early development of this
country, and wmse uprifrhtness of character ex-
erted a widespread and beneficial influenco on
his ciiininimity, was a native of the Pine Tree
State, iiaviiii; been born in (hiiiiberland, Elaine,
March 2(i, 1804. II is character much resem-
bled one of those proud monarchs of the forest
of his native State, whoFe heads tower aloft in
the pure air and siinsliineof heaven, leaving all
low and degr.nled objects at their feet. His
father was John Faniio, and hid' grandfather was
a I'rcnchman, who came to America dnriiic; the
" reifjn of terror'' in France, having been de-
spoilcil of his estate and (lersecated by the Revo-
Intionists. Coinins; to America he settled in

I'orthind, Maine, wliore his j{nind»ion, Augustus,
Hiibjeet of this sketch, was born and reared. .\t
the early aije of twenty years .Xiigiistiis became
a sailor for three and a half years, lie then
traveled e.xtoiisivelj, and Hiibseiiiieiitly settled
in Missouri, where ho engaged in school teach-
ing. Mere be married Miss Martha {''ergiison,
a native of that State, and their first child,
Kiigene !!., vas born there.

fie was, however, in the path of the moving
stream of wt'stward emigration, which he joined
in IH4(), and with his wife and idiild faced the
dangers and hardships of the long trip across
the |ilaiiis to Oregon. His devoted wife died
shortly after their arrival in this coiintrv near
Oregon City, and was buried at i.inn (Jity, amid
the lonely sweep of the forests and the sighing
of the wind. Their son, Kugene 1!., has 'oiig
since attained to sturdy, honorable, mn d;

and, like his father and grandfather befi •,

is a warrior for the right, and by his
efforts has done his part in the devel'ipmeiit of
the State. lie now resides near Newport.

In 1847, after the death of bis wife, Mr.
I'"aiino removed to Washington county, Oregon,
and took iiji a claim of (lid acres, situated seven
miles southwest of the jirtifcnt site of I'ortlaiid,
which was then a scattering collection of fisher-
men's huts, and gave but slight indication of
its present magnificent proportions. The sur-
rounding coiiiitry was unsettled, Mr. Fanno's
nearest neighbor being live miles distant.

In 1849 Mr. Fanno married Miss Uehecca.I.
iK'iiny, a native of Kentucky, where she was
born in ISl'.l. He and wife settled on his home-
stead, and I)y industry and economy became
greatly prospered. The fertile soil responded
giMierously to his efforts, and repaid his foster-
ing care with abundant and excellent crops,
until he had a goodly amount of this world's
goods. On his original homestead he reared
and educated an int^-resting family, whose mem-
bers now refleet honor on his name. He was
an honest and industrious man of kindly dis-
position, devoted to his home and family and
greatly esteemed by the jieople of his coin-
iiinnity. He died after a long and useful life,
tlune 29, 1884, having encompassed nearly a
century, his mind and soul being rich in expe-
rience and all benevolence.

There were six children by his second mar-
riatre, four of whom survive, one haviiiif dieil in
infancy, and one, Josephine, pas'jing away in
her twelfth year. One of the canghters, imw

innTOIlY l)h' liHEOnH.

-tun,
At
|Minu
It lien
Ittlcd

||H(I||,

hilil,

■vine

■unci I

tliu

|cro«8

1 1 led

iieai-
iiiiiid
liiiiK

long
■1;

Mrx. I. I, 'Miirclock, reiiidca witli her liUKlmnd
(III n good fiiriii iiiiiii' lii'i' old liciinc. Tliv otluT
diiii^^iitt'i', now Mrw. .Ihiiich I). Wihnot, liven
with licr liii>liHnd on ii pm-tioii of lici- tiitlicr'H
(ii'i;^iiiiil diiiiiition clniin, vvliicli In- iind liis laitli-
flil wilt' liclpcd to rcclHiiii thiiii itn niitiM' wild
iionh. Till' ftoiis, Aiif^uBtiin.l. und A. IJ., own
tlio ro8t of the ehiiiii. whicli is now one ol' the
iH-.-it fui'iiiH in Oivgon. In addition to tiieir
otlior iii^i'iciiltiinil intei't'stft. they nre eiij;;agiiii,'
lai'f^i'iy i'l the cultivation of oiiioiiK of Hiiperior
(|iiuiity, and have the ilisiim'tion of hcing the
larijest prodiii'ers and Klii[i|)t'iv of tlii> ooin-
nioility in the Stale, shipjiinif. asthoy do. larije
oiiantiticH throiiglinnt tlu! Ntirtliweht and to
Alafika.

Tlie fttitJifiil wife and mother, whonc thrift
and economy had no siimll hIih in the piOK-
perity of her hiinhand, and wlmse constant
folieitnde and watchful care of her childien has
lieen rewarded liy their irrowth to honoralile
men aii<i women, now enjoys, in peace and
|)lt'iitv. the results of that prosperity, the found-
ations of which were laid Ky lierBclf and liiis-
liaiiil in those dintaiit days of liardsiiip and
solitude.

(i. AVKSTACOTT. cojiartiier in the
tiriil of Westaeott and Irviii, proprie-
j* tors of Strong's I'ioncer IJest iiiraiit.
and the Ieadiiii.r hakery of the city of Saloni, ig
u native of < )ref;on. beiii^ horn in Salem, in
1855. His father, Louis Westacott, was of Kn-
glish descent, horn at ISarnstable, Knfjiand, in
1812, and with his parents einii^rated to I'rinee
Edward island. Jlere he was educated and
lived until manlinod. learniiii? the trade of cah-
inetiiiaker, which lie followed at tlie(!hickerinir
I'iano Manufactory, in I'oston, for two years.
Then, tilled with the spirit of adventure, ho went
to sea as ship-carpenter, on the old ship (iar-
rick, ])lyinn between .New York and Liverpool,
lie siius'eqiienfly became second mate of this
vessel, lie then took up the study of navijra-
lion with his uncle, a ship-builder of Liverpool,
end later went out ps second mate and ship-
carpenter of a vessel tradino; on the coast of
Africa. I'xchanging merchandise for palm oil
and gold dust. On the voyage, eighteen out of
the twenty-four men died of yellow fever, cap-
tain and lirst mate among ths number. Air.

Wcstncnft then made up a crew from the iia-
ti\eH and workeil the ship liiK'k to Knglanil, for
which he received high roniiiiendatinn from the
owners of the vessel. Sub-e.|nent trips took
him around th' world and to the .Medilenaneaii
sea, where he was during the lii'giniiing nf the
excavations at i'ompeii, ami drank of the wine
made before the birth of Christ! In \S\S he
was running upon the Uio Orande river, mid
upon hearing of the gold e.iciiemont in ('alifor-
Ilia he crossed tn Magadan, and there, with a
party of ten men. purchased a ciindemned ves-
s(d and titled lii-r up to run I i .San I'raiicisco. he
being elected captain of I he vessel. Several
jiassengeiH were secured at a larilTnf ijllOl) eatdi
and the trip was made, entering the harbor of
San Francisco on May 1. IMIU. The vessel was
then abandoiKMl, and he went to the iiiinos.
He fipUowed mining with limited siic<'eRs until
IS.'il, when he crossed over lanil to Orei'on, lo
eating at Salem in the einplny ol Mr. Iliirker,
and later in business for himself at the trade uf
cabinetmaking. lli' made the fiiniiliire for tlit!
legislative hall for the liist .State Legislature
which convened at Salem, also made the seats
and sawed all the veneering by hand for the
first Methodist church of Salem. Suligeijueiitly
selling his business, he operated the Nonpareil
Milliard i'arlors \u\- one year, and then engaged
in the mercantile business with •Joseph llol-
man, which he followed for several years.
Later he was coiinecleil with L. I', (imver, ex-
(iovernor of Oregon, and with .lose|ih Smith, of
the old factory sicne. Severing his connect ion
in 18(50 he engagetl in the brewing business in
Salem, in which he continued until 188:i.

He was married in Salem, in lS51, tn Mrs.
Mary Allen. Si.\ of their seven <'hildren sur-
vive, and among tlumi were passed the closing
years of his life, until death called liiin home on
"May 2:!. 18sy,

W. (i. Westacott wi.s educated in the public
schools of Salem, anil :it the Willanu^tte I'ni-
versity. In early inanhood he learned ihi' trade
oi baking in the shop of Louis jiurns. During
the Cleveland adiuinistratioii he was employed
as turnkey at the State |ieiiitenliary. under 11.
II. Watkins. Superintendent, and remained two
years, vhcii he resigned and went to Sentlle.
and followed his tradi'. but after a short timi!
returned to the former position at the peniten-
tiary, and remaineil niull 187'.i. when he en
terud the brewing business with his father. In
1881 he withdrew, a".d eiigagccl in various oc-

1284

BfroRT oP onmoN.

'.:

^*,i

}

I If

*h' ' h'

ciipations until 188t), when lie was appoiiitod
bookkeeper at tlie Oregnu State Insane As)'-
liini, ruinaiiiinfj; until iM'.tl. when, in jjartner-
sliip with W. .1. Irvin, he piii'cliased the I'io-
necr Restaurant, at ;JT1 (-'omniercial street. The
grouml lloor haa an aicu of 2.") x 17."), liiviilml
eonvenientl} into salesroom, restiuirant, han-
(jueting hall, and kitchen tor hakiiiir and the
making of candj, which latter article they
Inanufai'ture quite extensively I'or the local
traile. The restaurant has a seatini^ capacity for
1(10, banipu^ting hall for forty and small rooms
for private^ jjarties. Twenty hands are steadily
employed in the several departments, and two
wagons are constantly eiigaired U[ion the road.
lie was married in Salem, December 1, 11^86,
to .Miss Lenta Stolz, daughter of (iideon Stolz,
of the firm of M'tcliell & Stolz, of Salem. Mr.
Westacottis a member oC Olive lodge, 1. < >. O.
F., and one of the active young men tif Salem.

A. WKTZHLL, County Superintendent
of Schools for Multnomah county,
I a Oregon, vas born in Washington
county, Vermont, in 18.")2, a descendant of the
colonial settlers, who were chietly engiiged
in agricultural pursuits. lie received his ele-
mentary education in the common scliools at
Farmer City, and aftei-ward attended the Nor-
mal School at Normal, Illinois. ]5cing attracted
ill early years to the profession of teaching, his
whole education was acipiired with this one ob-
ject in view — that of liecoming one of the edu-
cators of the land, lie began teaching at the
age of seventeen years in the public scliools of
Illinois, ami continued his work there without
interriip*'ioii urtil 1883, when he took a higher
course of study at the State .N'oi'mal, ISIoom-
iiigton, Illinois, lie also tilled tliecdiair of elo-
cution, ami was assistant teacher of Knglish
literature.

Whileat the Normid.in 1884, the Hoard of Kd-
ucation of I'ortland sent Mr. Wetzella call to East
l'ortland,as Superintendent of the I 'iiblic Schools.
During the five year.- of his sojourn the school
buildings havegrown from one to four in number,
and the corps of teachers h.is increased to twenty-
eight. In IXHH he was nominated by the Re-
publican party, and (fleeted County Superin-
tendent of Schools for .Multnomah county; the
last year he taught he tilled the dual position of

City and County Superintendent. In 18',(0 he
was re-elected County School Superintendent,
and has proved himself an alile ami ellicient di-
rectoi'; he has greatly improveil the methods of
instruction, and has infuseil a spirit of enthu-
siasm and zeal Ml to pupils ami teachers alike. The
[diilosophy of mental training and culture has been
the study of his life, and the n^sults at which he
has arrived have been most satisfactory. He has
inaugurated a system of local school meetings,
holding a series of twenty each year for the pur-
pose of bringing teachers and parents together,
and discussing methods of iinnroving the con-
ditions of tlic schools. Mr. Wetzell also holds
an annual iKJiinal of two weeks, during the va-
cation, for the benefit of schoolteachers. There
are tifty-eight districts in Miiltnoniah county,
employing :iOO teachers, and the names of more
than 1(),()()() pupils are iijion the roll.

Mr. Wetzell was married at Farmer CJitv,
Illinois, December iiO, 1874, to ^liss Ella (Jum-
ining, a native of that State. lie is a member
of the Masonic order, having arisen to the de-
gree of Knight Templar. ' lie has devoted hit
life's best energies to educational interests, and
through liis successes as an instructor in the
institute, he has gained a wide acquaintance,
and has made hosti of friends throughout the
State.

fllARLKS M. WIIiERU, one of Pori-
land's pioneer liitsiness men, was born in
Sweden, of Swedish ])arents, on the 2()th
of March, 1820. He was raised in his native
land, where he learned the trade of shoemaker.
From Sweden he went to London, England,
working at his trade in that oity for three years,
when he came to New York, lie worked in
Connecticut for a year, going from there to
New Orleans, where he worked for a similar
length of time, when, in 1S52, he came direct
to I'ortland, Oregon. I','-e he worked at his
trade, and started a shoe-store, in which lie con-
tinued forseveral years, after which he was associ-
atetl with J. A. Strowbridge in the wholesale
boot and shoe business. During the war, by
capable business nanagement, he accumulated
considerable mon.^y. Since the dissolution of
their partnership, Mr. Wiherg has been inter-
ested in the piirch.ise and improvement of city
property, and by his judicious investments has
added etill further to iiis wealth, lie has con-

niSTOllY OF ,1/1 BOON.

1^85

lU lie
llt'iit,
It (Ji-
Jis of
(tliii-

Tho
lijeen
111 Ik-

: lias

c;itv,

iiin-

rnbcr

(le-

lut

and

II the

ance,

t the

trilmted liii* full share to the growth of the city
by the construction of iiiinienius hulMini^s. He
has not only acquired wealth, hut lias, by his
nnli'orni ijooilness nf heart and relialilo liusiness
integrity, secured that which he jirizcs more
hij»hly, II good name.

He is a Repuliliean in ])olitic8, but is inde-
pendent in local matters, lie was at one time
one of the (Jonnty (lonimissioners. lie was one
of the promoters of the i)ridge spanninir the
river at Morrison street crossiiiir, which was the
first bridge across the river at Portland. lie
has been a trustee and director of the brid^re
organization ever since, r.nd was at one time il>
president.

lie was married, in 18."J8, to iMiss I'auliiui
Ingi'ahai!!, a native of Iowa. They have had
nine children, all still living, excepting ntie son,
wiu) died in bin twenty-sixth year. Several of
his daughters are married, viz.: Annie, married
Mr. Frank Morgan; Sallie, married Mr. Van
Jackson. Mr. Wiberg owns a handsome resi-
dence, whi(rh lie has built, and which occupies
a beautiful siglit near M_unt Taber here. .Sur-
rounded with ali the conveniences and ini|>rovo-
ments of modern invention, he resides in the
society of his fan)ily, secure in their atfcction,
and an object of the esteem of his fellow-citi-
zens.

— ^€@:!i&'^—

fOSEPlI A. WKKillT, a prominent and
successful merchant of Sparta, Union
county, Oregon, was born in Hcnrbon
county, Kentucky. October '-iS, 1S35. and is
the second son of a fairiily of three children
born to ex-<ioverni'r Joseph A '"right, of In-
diana, who was a native of I'ei.isylvania, born
in 181(t, and came to lndi:.M , at an early day.
He was married in Hourboi county, Kentucky,
to Miss Harriet 15. liurbridge. .Mr. Wright
was elected twice as Governor of liuliana. and
in Huchanan's administration he was appointed
United States Minister to the court of Prussia,
ami was returned under Lincoln's administration,
and he died in that city in 18(i7.

Onr subject was educated in New Yoi'k and
Massachusetts, lie is a graduate of Yonker's
Mi'itary Institute of New York, ii graduate of
Wilbraham Academy, of Alassachnsett?, also a
graduate of the Wesleyan University, at Mid<lle
ton, Connecticut, in 1870. He then entered the
National Park Hank, in New York city, and

worked there twd vouvk. He was then employed
in the West Indies Manufacturing Compan\ nf
New York, as wcretary and treasurer. Inihlinif
his position niitil 188ii, when he came to Ore-
gon to take charge of a mining cumpniiv in
I'akcr county, luid has since cngagcil in the
mining business, being iiitcri^sted in sonic very
prominent mines. In udditiou he ha.- engaged
in the mercantile biisincs- iit Sparta, riiiv)ii
county, with Mr. M. E. Clougli as a jiurtiier in
both his ;;'iningand mercliaiidi.-ing enterprises.
!■ 1.8',tO Mr. Wright was elected to represent
I'. )i C'lnty in the State l.egi>latiire, on the
llepii! I', in Hcket. and was reelected in 1S',12,
on t:ic same ticket, to till tlie same otiice. He
has a great many friends in I nimi cmintv,
where he has become one of Its representative
men. Mr. W^riglit is a Ueptiblican, and has
been evei' since he was old enough to vote, the
principles of the party being instilled into his
mind by his distinguished father who embraceil
the teaching of the new party upon theonlbreak
of the war. Previous to tliilt lie bad been a
Democrat.

ASmUY STA UU, A. M.. P. I)., the ef-
ficient and popular jirofcssor of Natural
'* Science and History at Willamette Uni-
versity, was born in Monroe, I'ciiton cuunty,
Oregon, in 185-t. His father. N. A. Starr, was
a native of Ohio, ami a miiiislcr of the Metlual-
ist Episcopal (Ibiucli, and was one of the able
educators of Ohio and Iowa. With tiie tide of
emigration of ISoO, he crossed the plains (o
Orci'on to join his brother, who had come to
the State in IMio, settling in lienton cininly.
where he located the present town of .Monroe,
foriiicrlv called Stari'V Point. IJev, ,\. ;\. Starr
devoted his Oregiiii lil'i' to prciediing Ihrongh-
(iiil this State an<l Washington, being lliii> oc-
cuiiieil up to the time of his death in 188:i. He
was a great ami goo<l man, and his loss caused
wide-spread sorrow among the inhabitants of
the North.west. and wherever he was known.

The subject of this sketch was reared in bis
native county, ami took an academic course at
the Saiitiam Academy in Lebanon, Oregon,
after which ho pursued a classlciil course at
Willamette I'niversity, gradiiuting at the latter
institution, in Is?-"*, with the degree of A. I!.
He then entered the Drew Theohigical Seminary
of the Methodist Kpiscopal Church at Madison.

HISTORY OF OREOON.

U' *

New Jersey, at wliicli iii8titiiti(jii he griuliiiited
witli the (legri'c of Hiiclielor of Divinity, hiibse-
fliieiitly recci\ing the di'i^rcc of Master of Arts
from tiie Willamette Iniversity.

In 1878 Mr. Starr I'ctiirncd to Oregon and
RKci'pted .1 ministerial charge at I'ort Townsend,
\VasliinM;t(iii, where lie preaclud for one year.
In 18TU lie was transf(M'red toCoupeville. Wash-
ington, and thence, in 1880, to Oorvaliis, Ore-
gon. In 1881 he recieived the Government
aj)])ointnu'Mt of Superintendent of Schools at
tli(^ Siletz Indian n^servation. and at the same
time received the apjiointment from the Method-
ist Church of niissionary, hoth i>f which duties
he ])erforu)ed until 1882. lie then resigned
his |)osition to accept the chair of nat\iral sci-
ence and history at Willamette I'niversity,
where he has since heen continuously em-
ployed .

Mr. Starr was marrieil at Chatham, Xew
Jersey, in 1878, to Miss Sarah I''. Littell, an ac-
e(un|ilished representative of a distinguished
family of that State, descended from Puritan
stock. They have four children: Stanley A .
Ethel, Hda and Carroll 1^., typical Orcijonians,
who l)iii fair ultimately to take their rank
among the noble men and women of this State.
Mr. Starr owns his cottage home at No. 255
Ferry street. Salem, where, murrounded hy his
interesting family, he may he said to enjoy true
happiness. He is also interesved in real estate
in Port 'rownscnd.

The i'rofessor has held many positions of
trust, having heen Treasurer of the Oregon
Methixlist Episcopal Church tlonference for
many years, an<l has served a- Secretary of the
Kdneationai ami other Clinrch Societies, lie
stands deser\-edly liigii in his ])rofession of in-
structor, is popular with his j)iipils and is deeply
interested in the growth ami welfare of hi^ alma
mater.

flNA WILKINSON WOOD, a i)ionecr. a
good citizen and an iMtelligent Oregon
farnu'r, arriveil at Portland Decenilier 10,
1850. His aiurestors were early settlers of
Connecticut, v\'here his father, Michael Wood,
was horn. He settled at Kochesler. iNcw ^'ork.
fi'om there removed to the town of Whithy, near
Toronto, Canada, where his son, Zina W. Wood,
was horn March 5, 182f). Mr. Wood's father
married Miss Amy Hunter, of (ienesre county.

New York. They had stn-en children, of whom
four arc living. His father was a tanner and
shoemaker, a ineinberof the Haptist Church and
a good and upright man. He (lied in 1853, and
his wife followed him the next year.

Mr. Wood was raised and educated in Canada
until his nineteenth year: he then went to
Michigan, and resided in Kalamazoo county
four years; from his farm there he erossed the
plains to California. On the journey he had
the mountain fever, hut he rode in the wagon
and kept moving slowly westward. Tlie per-
son who makes the trip across the plains in a
Pullman sleeper, at the rate of thirty to forty
miles an hour, has but little ideaof Mr. Wood's
condition, lying in his emigrrant watron, drawn
by oxen, far from civilization and sick with the
mountain fever. The boys doctored him as
best they could and he recovered. After re-
maining a short time at Portland, he came to
the viciinty of Hillsborough, and on the Utii
of May took a homestead, where he lived and
worked six y(>ar8, then sold his im])rove<l place
and bought 445 acres of land, live miles north
of Hillsborough, one-fourth section of it cost-
ing $1,0(10 and the rest at $10 per acre. lie
built on this property a valuable barn, and later
sold it for !!!12,000. Then, in 1874, he went to
Hillsborough and purchased 290 acres adjoining
the corporation. It was then a forest. On this
property he built a good home and by steady,
intelligent elfort, he has transformed this forest
into a valuable farm, with large barns and farm
buildings. His house on this ])roperty is
within 300 yards of the Hillsborough de|)ot of
the railroad. When Mr. Wood cut away the
forest trees, he planted fruit and shade trees . and
now the place is surrounded with beautiful
trees, particulaily fruit trees. These improve-
ments are monuments to his inilustry. Only
seventeen years have elapsed since he planted
the ti'ces, and when oiu> looks at tlie nuissive
trunks, the productiveness of Oregon is demon-
strated. This farm because of its improvements
andnciarnessto Hillsborough has also become very
valuiible. On it Mr. \Vood has raised wheat, oats,
hay and hops. He has al>o engaged in stock-
raising, Imving produced pigs, sheep, cattle and
horses on this same farm. Tliis does not pre-
vent his taking an interest in the business af-
fairs of Hillsborough. When the First National
l!aid< was cganized he helped by taking stock.
He also aided in the building of (ti'ange Hall and
has various other property interests in that city.

UtSTOHY OF OR/SOON.

1M7

lioiii
land
lanil
laiiil

ad a
to
ntv
the
I ad
goii
ler-
II a
rty
d's
wn
the ,
1 as

I'C-

1- lo
llfh
and
ace
)rtli

lOSt-

Ife

ater
t to
ling
this
ndj.

Ill 1853 Mr. Wood iiiari-ied Miss Elizalieth
Jane Sliaw, of Missouri. <iau(^iiti'r of Mr James
Shaw. They pame to Oregon in 1852, and lier
father died in crossiiitr the plains. Mr. and
MvB. Wood have four cliildren: Ivnily, the
eldest child, is the wife of Mr. P. 1). Tiulliii(fer
and resides at Xorth Vaiii Hill; Mildred Ooii-
nell resides in Washington; Ziiia is on the farm
with his father; and W. D. Wood is a |)ra<'ticinf);
physician of Hillsborough, a graduate of the
Paeific University and of the Michigan State
University's medical department. Mr. Wood's
wife, who has heen his devoted wife for thirty-
nine years, is still spared to him. Mr. Wood
has heen u ineinher of the liaptist Church for a
nuniher of ycjirs. He hecanie a llepiililican
when the party was started, and has consistently
adhered to his convictions in that direction, and
his three sons have the same political con-
victions.

This is hut a lirief outline of one of the
most worthy pioneer families of Oreaon. All
tlieir present prosperity has heen ^rained hy
the hun\, peiseverinif work of Mr. WocmI and
liih wife in the days when Oreiron wa- new and
hardships were many.

m-^^w*^^^-

fOIIN B. DAVIS, a prominent resident f
Umatilla county. Oregon, ami another on.
of the I'acific coast pioneers, was horn in
Belmont county, Ohio. Decemher l.'i, 1829.

His father, Samuel Davis, was horn in Xew
Jersey, in 180-t. and was married to Miss Mary
Brock, a native of IVnnsylvania. In 1887 he
moved to Missouri and settleil thirteen miles
away from any inhahitant, in the northwest cor-
ner of the State, in what is now a part of i'olk
comity. There he lived until I'^lti, when, the
country hecoming settleil arouiul him. he airaiii
pulled up stakes and started westward, this time
liis ohje<'tive point being Oregon. After a

J'ourney of si.\ montlis. with ox teams, he and
lis family landed at their destination. On this
long journey they did not see a civili/cd inhab-
itant until after they crossed the ('asendos.
Tlieirs were the first wagons that crossed the
Cascade mountains, other emigrants who had
preceded tliom haviiii; left their wairons on the
east side, and carried tlieir provisions over tli^'
mountains on their oxen. Hero Mr. Davis and
his good wife spent the rest of tlieir lives,

her death occurrin<.j in I87H, in the si\ty-eighth
year of her a^fe, and his death in 1S71, at
the age of seventy-one. They had nine chil-
dren, .John I!, being the oldest, and one of the
foui' hiirvivor.s, all residents of this coast.

His youthful days beiiiir passed on the
frontier, the subject of oiir sketch had very
loor o])portunities for schooling. What little
le did receive was in a log schoolhoiise in
Missouri. In 1848, having an attack of the
(California gold fever, he started on horseback
from Portland and made the joiirnev to SaiM'a
ineiito, where he engaged in mining until ISoO,
being \ery successtiil in his oponitions. In
18r)() he returned to Oi'egon and took claim to
a half-section of land.

In 18(1-1 Mr. Davis enlisted in the First
Oregon Infantry, Company B, and serve! over
two years. He was Corjioral of this company,
hut was detailed a Commissary Sergeiint, and
drew a sergeant's pay all the time.

In 1877 Mr. Davis came to eastern Oregon
and bought land in I'mutilla connly, twenty
miles north of Pendleton, in the wheat belt of
( bigon. .N'ow heowiisfSOO acres of tine land, on
which he raises an average of 50t)() bushels of
wheat annually.

Mr. Davis' imiterniil ancestors were noted for
their ingenuity A .Mr. Crogg, cousin of Mrs.
Samuel Davis, invented the turned wooden
bucket that is now in common use. Mr. Davis
i> a iiatn (I mechiuiic himself, and can make
almost an\thing he wants. He ran a blucksmith
shop in McMiiiiM'ille for two years, before the
war. Soon afti lie cimie out of the war, he. and
his brother inventeitand built the tirst combined
he!i<l"r and thresher, and got a patent on it for
seventeen years. \ short lime bcbu-e I he patent
expired iheysold their right, and from their in
ventioii the c^elebrated header and thii'sher of
to-day wn ide.

Mi .> was married in July, l^tiSK to Miss

Lucv I iiikerton, a native of Mi>sonri, who
came across the plains with her parents in iMlo,
making the Journey with ox teams. Mr. and
Mrs. Davis have four children, namely : William
H., Malissie K.,.loIin H.. Jr., and Maggie M.,
all at liouKM'Xcept Malissie E. who is the wife
of Saniiiol Sample.

Starting out in life a pool' boy. Mr. Davis has
risen by his own pluck ami energy to his pres
eiit jiosition of ])iosperity, and hi'^ career is a
fitting example of what can be accomplished in
this country. With advanced years he has

128S

nisTbuY OF oiiEaoN.

i; Ai

i '^ I*

V , \

itii limm

I. \'

m. ■ x. .

liriictically I'otircil from farm work, still, liow-
evei', continuing tiie nianagenient of liih isx-
tensivc fiii-niini^<i|ieriition8. lie lias lieen Jiistici'
of tlio I'eace four years, and has iield the of-
fice of I'ostinaster since 1S8+.

tAVNK AV. WILLIAMS came to O re-
ckon in 1845, wiicn he was only eight
, _,. . , inonllm old. lie was horn March 1,
184."), in Jackson county, Missouri, and is the
8(in of .h ines E. Williams, who was born in
Tennessee, i;< 180ii. He was of Scotch ancestry,
who came to il'e southern part of the United
States prior to the Uevolutioii. ^Ir. Williaius'
father married Mariha Witchen, a native of
A'iririnia, horn in 1807. They had nine children
in Missouri and one of tlieni died. In 1845
Mr. Williams took his wife and children and
crossed the plains with oxen. The journey was
a safe one. of si.v months' duration. They ar-
rived at Airlic, I'olk county, took up a donation
claim, and were one of the first families t') set-
tle there. They followed the example of oiher
pioneers and erected a cabin. They endured
niiuiv har(lshi])g here, living part of the time on
boi 1 wheat, as the nearest place for supplies
was Oregon City. During the gold excitement
of 1841). the father went to California, where he
met with some success. He was absent a year,
when he returned and turned his attention to
farming and stock-raising. He took an active
part in the politics of the Territory and was
elected to the first 'IVrritorial Legislature by the
Democratic party. lie also served as Justice of
the I'eace in his jiart of the county and died in
18()5. llis wife survived him until ls81. Three
children were added to the family in Oregon.
The names of the family are as follows: J. I,.,
resides in Moscow, Idaho; Orlena, married Isaac
Staats; J. .1., resides in Airlie; Melissa, married
Henry Fuller; Mary .\., married Luther M.
Doolittle; l'\ 1!., resides on the old donation
claim; W. W., subject; Martha M., married Mr.
MoltiU'i' and died in her forty-tit'th year; Marcus
M., died in his eighteenth year, and W. E.,
who also resides on the old doiuition claim.

Onr subject was the ninth child and was
reared on the donation claim, where he was fur-
nished with hut scant educational ])rivileges.
He remained at home until his twenty-third
year, when he took up a claimant' resided on it

for two years and then removed east of the
mountain.-!, where ho engaged in farming and
stock-raising until 1879, wlien he returned to
this county and bought a residence in Indepen-
dence and engaged in draying and trucking for
live years. Since then he has been engaged in
raising hops. A large portion of his time has
been occupied in fultilling the duties of tlie
offices which were thrust upon him. He served
as Marsiuil of the eity and Constable of live
precincts.

He was married in 1868, to Miss Virginia A.
Tarter, native of Arkansas, and daughter of Mr.
Robert Tarter, who came to Oregon in 1853
and settled on the Lnckamute, where he pur-
chased a farm and was a (juiet, industrious
citizen. His wife died in her fifty-fourth year,
and he survived her until he was sixty eight
years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Williams have had
four chihtren, namely: Willie, died when seven
months old; Martha Alice, wife of Rev. V.
I'oling, a minister of the Evangelical (Jhurcli;
Robert Edward; and Rock Wayne.

Mr. Williams is a prominent citizen and .i
member of I. O. O. F., in all its branches. Ho
is also a member of K. of P. and A. (). U. W.
His entire life has been spent in Oregon, and he
is a lover of the State where he makes his home.
He is very proud of the advance and develop-
ment of this State during his lifetime.

-^■^■•^

L. WILLIS, superintendent of the Rose-
burg Water Company, was born in I'ut-
* nam county, Illinois, in 1844, a son of
S. 1). Willis. The hitter came to Oregon in
1852, and for many years was engaged in the
stock business. Our subject crossed the |)lain8
to this State in 1S53, and, after completing his
studies in the district schools of Douglas county,
was enoaifed in drivinj' stock east of the
mountains. Later, he embarked in the grocery
business, which he followed until he took charge
of the waterworK . This enterprisi^ was es-
tablished in ISS'.I, with K. R. Sheridan, presi-
dent; \'. L. Arr :igton. secretary; S. C. Flint,
trea.surer, and O. L. Willis, superintendent.
The cost of the works was S40,00(). There are
two cement reservoirs, with a combined capacity
of 500,000 gallons. The water is pumped from
the South Ilmpipia river, at llic rate of ■J."),0(iO
gallons per hour, and there is also a steam pump

niSTORY OF OHECON.

1380

Ifhe

and

»en-

|for

iling

Jthe

Jveil

Itive

which is used in case of high water or iiccident,
tlius f^ivitiff the city plenty of gdod water all
tiiu time. In addition tu iiiri interest in tlie
waterworks, Mr. Willis owns a valuable farm
of 980 acres, twelve miles hOMtli of Iloseburg.
lie was married, in 18()'.), to .lane Nichols, a
native of Orejron, and they have had the fol-
lowing children; Lena, ICtHe, Allx;rt (i.. Dale S.,
Clive, Helen and (ilon O. Mr. Willis' hcauti-
ful residence is located at 524 Douglas street.

|LVIN THOMPSON SMITH, a pioneer
of 1810, and a very worth.y citizen of
Forest (irove, now deceased, was of N'ew
England ancestry, having heen horn in I'raii-
ford, Connecticut, on November 17, 1802. His
parents were residentsof East Haven, that State.
He was reared to manhood in his native town,
and learned the carpenters' trade. In 1827 he
removed to tlie new State of Illinois, wlieio ho
became the owner of a farm, and was married
to Miss Abigal Uaymoud, a native of that State.
In 1S40 they crossed the plains to Oregon, where
they located on a donation claim of (540 acres of
land, situated south of Forest Grove, where the
railroad depot now is. Here he lived and labored,
taking a personal interest in the moral, religious
and political welfare of the county. In lS58
he was bereft of his faithful companion of so
many years. His wife was a most cstimabh^
lady, and much lamented by all who knew her.
In l8t)9 he was remarried, his sec ond wife being
;Mi8S,IaneM. Averill, a native of Brantbrd, Con-
necticut. Her parents were Captain Samuel and
I'etsey (Hhickstone) Averill. both natives of
Drauford, and of Kuglish descent. Her father
was a seafaring man and in the latter pai't of his
life was a captain. They had two daughters.
and ^[rs. Smith's sister now resides on tlic old
homestead in Branford. "When Mrs. Smith
was married she came West, and resided on a
fine farm in Oregon until lS7o, when she and
husband removed to Forest Grove, where they
purchased property, and built a new residence,
in which Mrs. Smith now resides, Ilei'e, re-
tire<l from active life, Mr. Smith lived until
January 22, 1888, when his death occurred of
old age, in his eighty-tlfth year. He had been
a man of strong constitnlion and great physical
endurance. In religion he was iif the (,'oiigre-
gatioiial faith, a strict observer of the Sabbath,

and of all the cmnmandments, and a thorough
(Christian in practice as vvll as in jirecept.
He was a Ke|)ulilican, and had lived through
all the exciting times of slavery, espousing the
cause of the oppressed slave, and, after the
cnumcipation, was dccjily interested in their
education. It was his desire to be useful to the
Indians of Oregon that lirst brought him tu the
coast, as he came as an aid to the missions.
Mr. Smith died without is.suc, and lici|Ufathed
the home to his widow, togethei- with the whole
of the proceeds of the large ranch, for her use
during Iier life. After this one-half of the
proceeds is to be given for 091) yeai-s to tlio
Home Missionary Society ofHce, on Keed street.
New York, the other half to be used to keep
up the ex])enses of the |)ro|ieity and its admin-
istration. Should the Home Missionary Society
cease to exist, the half of the proceeds ai'C to be
paid to some other oi'gani/.ation for a similar
purpose, until the exjiressed term of years ex-
pires, when the proi)erty is to go to his hoirs.
A large amount of the work of the Honu^ Mis-
sionary Society is among the colored people in
the Soirtli, where they arc establishing schools
and ch\irches. Mr. Smitirs will also jirovides
that should the land benceded I'ortown pur|)0ses,
the executor may subdivide it, and lea-c the
lots for a tei'm not to exceed fifty years. His
will is a remarkable one, and caused much com-
ment throughout the county, but there is not tlio
slightest doubt but that the good man was
a<'tuate(l by truly benevolent and worthy motives.
His widow is now his sole executor, and keer
the farm rented.

-^^i^^^^^^^Ait^^

fAMKS L. CAUIJOI,!-, a contractor an<l
builder of I'lMidleton, came of one of tho
most military and patriotic families in the
aiinals of history, every generation of whom,
as far back as can be traced, lia^ seen war. In
oui- Kevolutionary war his great-grandfather,
Charles (.'arroll, M. !)., was one of the -igners
of the Declaration of Indcpeiidenc.'.

^Ir. Carroll, our subject, was liorn May 28,
1843. the son of William Carroll, the founder
of Carroll Seminary, naincd after him, in which
.lames recciveil a ]iart of his (xlucalion. 'I'lie
father was a native of V irgiiiiii. born in ISdT;
wjien a suiail bo\'. he went to Kcnturky with
his par(M)ts, and IImmI tin re until their dciitb In
1827; then he weist to Illinois, next to Alabamu,

;eeps

1290

iTfsronr of oreoon.

and in 1830 returned to IllinoiH, settling in St.
('lair county; four years Inter lie moved to (!ar-
riill eoniity, same State, anil licfjan ti) i>|)eii a
liirm on wild liind. In 183:^ lie enlistcil in the
JJlark Hawk war, hh l''irst Mcntenant in Colo-
nel ALirahani l.iiicoln'ii rcirimcnt, and had com-
mand of his eompany at the close of that war.
In 1840 he retnriied lioint* and married Misa
Ann L. Christian, of Illinois. He continui'd a
ri'sidciit on the farm mentioned until his death,
which took place Ano;u8t 8, 18H',(, when he was
moimI eigiity-two yeai's ami twenty-eight days,
ili.s wile snrvived nntil .lannary 1, 1802, dyinj;
at the I'csidenee of her son in I'enilleton, ()re-
jfon, at the age of seventy-two years and ten
days.

.lames L. Carroll enlisted in the war dnrin<!;
the late rehellion, -Inly 2, 18(52, in Company E,
Forty-lifth Illinois liei^iment, and at the end of
the three years, the tei'in of enlistment, he was
honorably dischar<;;ed, and re-enlisted as a vet-
eran in tlu^ Second I'nited States V^eteran Vol-
nnteers, in Com|)any F in (ieneral Ilatieock's
Veteran Corps, and was finally discharged ¥i'h-
rnarv li), 18(M). Dnrinj^ his period of service
lie was a participant in the engageni' ntsat Fort
Mcllenry, Fort Donclson, i'itt8l)ni)4 Landing,
siei^e of Corinth, Toot's Station, Port (iihson,
Rayninnil, .lacksoii (Mississipiii), siege of X'icks-
liurg. Champion Hills, Coldwater, ('linid<y Sta-
tion, I'ayoii Chittaw, siege of Atlanta, Kenesaw
nn)niitnin, itayoii Clinton, siege of .\laton, San-
toiii liayon, donesboro, Smith's (iap, \'irginia,
etc., besides many skirmishes. ( )nce, while he
was actinir as scont under (ieneral I.ogan, he
was caiitured, but he made his eseajie during
the first night. As to wounds, he received but
one, and that was iu the tiesli of the thigh; but
lie was never disabled or fail to answer the roll
call in the moriung. At the execution ot Mrs.
Sui'ratt in Washington, he was one of the guards,
lie has now in hi.' possession a relic of the war
of 1812, namely, a saber that was carried by a
lieutenant in a Massachusetts regiment, who
willed the article to Mr, Carroll, the graiulfather
of James L.

Iloturidng home from the war, in which our
subject took so brave and sueeessfnl a part, he
engaged in freighting across the plains to Den-
ver, (!!lu'venne and Salt Lake (Jity, in which
business he still found use for his military ex-
])erieiu'e, in tight ing Indians, receiving numer-
ous wounds, mure indeed thioi he had during
his whole term in the war of the [{ebellion.

After three years in freighting he went to
Nebraska and engaged in the cattle trade; hut,
finding this unjiroti table, he began farming at
Fllswortli, Kansas, where he arrived .Inly I,
1871. Aftorv.-:;;d he engaged in contracting
and building, nntil 187(), when he came to Ore-
gon, settling at I'endletim, wdiere he has con-
tinued in the same business to the jiresont time.
Ot course, in this occupation he has enjoyed
great success.

April 27, 1874, Mr. Carroll was married to
Miss Edith .\daniH, wdio was born in Wisconsin
May 25, 1854, a daughter of Amos G. .Vdams,
a pioneer of Kansas. Mr. Adams and his wife,
nee Phebe M. llolliday, were natives of Xew
York State. Coining to Kansas in tlie fall of
■1854, Mrs. Adams was one of the surveyors
who laiil out Topeka, the capital of the State.
He was also a civil engineer. Soon after coining
to Kansas he died, and afterward his widow was
twice married. Her second husband, S. Vi.
Thompson, was accidentally killed while work-
ing on a railroad bridge at Charleston, Missouri.
The only child by this marriage was Katy, now
Mrs. Bennett. Mrs. (Jarroll was in Kansas
during the "border-rutfian" troubles, and dis-
tinctly remembers John Brown, James Lane,
and the years of the drouth and grasshoppers.

Jlr. and Mrs. Carroll have had seven children,
three of whom died in infancy. The living are
Leslie ()., John S., Ross A. and Logan.

Mr. Carroll is an active member of the (i. A.
11., belonging to Kit Carson Post, No. 28, at
Pendleton, and has tilled all its local offices. He
has also been Department Junior Vice Command-
er and Deputy Mustering Officer of the depart-
ment. Also, he is (irand President of the
AV^orking Mechanics of the State of Oregon.
He takes great interest in the political welfare
of his State, as a Republican, and for his party
he was a delegate to the State convention in
1802, from Umatilla county. He has three
brothers and a sister in Washington, and the
rest of his brothers and sisters are in Illinois.

tON. IRA S. TOWNSEND, Terrydale,
Oregon, was bom in the State of Mis-
souri, February I, 182'.l, son of James and
Hannah (Smith) Townsend, the father a native
of Kentucky, and the mother of Tennessee.
His maternal grandfather, Ira Smith, was a sol-

■ai

msTonr of oregon.

1301

ut,

"g
re-

to
in

dier in the war of 1812. .lames mid lluiiiiali
Towiiseiid had sovcri children, Ira 8. beinir the
second born, and one of tiie three survivors.
When he was a ehild the family removed to
Illinois, wlu>ro they resided four years; then
started for Missonri, his father dyino; on the
way. His mother lived in that State until 18f7,
when, with her si.\ children, her two brothers
and their families, they crossed the plains to
Oregon. This journey was made in safety, the
only sad event connected with it being the death
and burial at (jrecn river of one of his uncles.
Voung Townsend had charge of his mother and
the ehildi'cn, and drove their team of oxen.
They were poor [leople wlu-n they arriveil in
Oregon, and at once took a donation claim in
Polk county. The mother and children settled
in Dallas, whore that venerable pioneer lady,
now in her eiffhty-third year, still resides, re-
spected and beloved by every one.

In 1848 Mr. Townsend went overland to Cali-
fornia and mined in ^[ereed county, meetiiiif
with fair success. His largest nugget was worth
$68, and his largest day's work amounted to
S104. After an absence of eight months, he
returned to Oregon, bringing with him in the
neighborhood of S2,0()0. lie then built a house
for his mother, on her land north of Dallas,
In 1850 ho took a donation <'laim of 3".iO acres
of land near where I'errydale is now located,
and on it he built a little board house, lii x 18
feet, and spent his time there and with his
mother until 1853. That ycai', December 10,
he married Miss 15. F. Smith, a daughter of
George Smith, a pioneer of ISoii. He had a
few things in the house, and his wife had a bed
and bedding, and with these they began tlieir
married life.

In 1855 Mr. Townsend voliintcored in the
Yakima war, and was elected First Lieutenant
of Company G. He served a part of the time
under (Colonel Cornelius, being in one engago-
ment which lasted from 2 c. m. until 11 o'clock
at night. The Indians were in vastly superior
numbers, and had them for a time corraled. .\t
the close of the war he returned to his farm.

In 18f)8 Mr. Townsend was elected a member
of the State Legislature, and in 1878 he was
again electeil to the same position. He is in
politics a Democrat, and has always taken a
deep interest in the growth and development of
Oregon. He was one of the organiz''rs of the
first school in liis district, and has ever taken an
active part in the advancoment oi (^ducatiunal

interests. He was alsj one of thi^ organizers of
the Grange at this jilau'. He Is a leading t(<m-
perance nutn, and a i.u'inber (d' tlu; Masonic
fraternity, being I'ast Master of his lodge. As
a farmer he had nu't with markeil success. Ho
ha> ad<led to his origiunl land purchase, being
now the owner of 500 acres, a rich an<l valuabhi
projierty.

.Mr. and Mrs. Townei'ud have two i-ons, viz.:
James II., a prominent lawyer of I'olk county,
and (i. N., a business man of Dayton, Wash-
ington.

fHAULKS W. JAMES, vice-presidi'nt of
the IJaker City Xational IJaiik, was born
in (ireene county, .Missouri, March 5,
1851, the eldest of the five (diildren of W.J.
and Nancy ((irace) James. The father, a na-
tive of Tennessee, nuirried a second time, and
by that uni(m had three more children. He
moved ro North Missouri, in IStiiJ, whert^ he
eniraired in farmini;, and in 18t'i7 he came to
iJaker county. Oregon, settling in I'owder river
valley, where he is still living mi a farm. His
wife died in 18fJ8.

The subject of this sketch had a severe strug-
gle in his younger days to pay his way while
he attended school a jiart of each year. He
toiled along in this way until he was able to
teach school, and subsei|Hently he obliiiiied a
good business education. After his marriage
he began farming and stockrai.-iiig, in ujiicli
he continued for ten years, lieing successful in
the business. Then selling out his stock, he
moved to i5aker City, and engaged in the drug
trade, following that also for ten years, when
he was appointed I'ostmaster under Cleveland's
administration.

On March 1, 18'.tO, the I'.aker City National
liank was organized, and .Mr. Jame.- wa> ap-
pointed cashier, he resigning his place as I'ost-
master, and at the last election he was elected
vice-president of the bank. He is also inter-
ested in some valuable mines in linker county.
an<l he is president of the Maker (Mty Lime
(Jompany, who |irosecute a large industry. Mr.
James is a self-made man, who has devoted
much of his time to educational work, having
bi'eii a niemlier of the Hoard of Kdncatioii for
twenty years, being (,'lerk for the ia>t nine years,
during which time he ha-^ licen connected with
the building of several schoolhouses, one of

I i

i2i»a

insToiir OF onEQON.

... sia

[if 1 -i )i'

tlicBO eostiiig $30,000. Wlicii lio was tniirricd
lie wiis lint a poor lioy, <mo iiii^lit say, but lie
lias loiii; lifld a leading iiiiiiiliun in his eoiiiniil-
iiily. lit! is u Duiiiocrat in liis views ol' na-
tional (piestionH, consei'vative in local eluetions,
and lie anil his raniily ar(^ all inunilici'B of the
Methodist Kpiseopal Chnrcli.

lie was iiiiirried in Janiniry, 1873, to Miss
Lmiisa l!oyd, who was horn in Iowa, in 1852,
and came to( )rej;oM inlS72. She was a scliool-
lea(diei'. Thiiy have four children; Myrtie,
Viola, Irene, and Uoscoe.

-^■^"^-^^^

^KOIMJE II. TUACV, Postmaster of linker
(yity. was horn in (icnesee county, Michi-
gan, Mandi 3, 1811, the 8i.\th of the ten chil-
dren ol' Fitch U. and Charlotte AV. Tracy. His
father was horn in (Jonnecticut, March 30,
ISUf). and moved to New York in 1830. He
was married in l''ranklin, ConiR'Ltient, April 7,
18;i(), to Miss Charlotte W. (iager, also ii na-
tive of ("onnecticut, horn Septeiiiher 28, 1807.
He moved to .Michigan about 183(5, was a
farmer, Imt in later days a inerclumt. For
four years he was Recorder of Deeds for his
county. He died Se])teiiihcr 15, 185'.l, of an
injury. His wife died February 2(j, 188'J. Of
their children four sons and four daughters are
still living.

(Jcorge II., our subject lunuched out in the
world for himself at the age of nineteen years.
In the spring of IsfU) he came to California, by
the isthmus route, having a rough voyage, and
sniTering special danger in a storm. On his
arrival at San Francisco, he hired out as a farm
hand in northern California for two years. In
18()2 he and two other young men came to
I'orthmd. overland, and proceeded to the
Dalles, where he was employed for a short time
as a clerk in a store, which was kept in a tent.
Then hi' took a stock of goods to I'aker county,
for another jiarly, but on the way they stopped
at Umatilla, ami sold goods to tlie Indians and
immigrants, rrocecding on to Auburn, liaker
county, Mr. Tracy remained there and sold the
goods while the owner returned for a new sup-
ply. In 18(53 he sold goods at Clark's Creek,
and the ne.xt year removed to P>akerCity, forin-
ini; a partnership with H. W. Keynolds, and
built the first store in that iilaceof any respect-
able size. Snbse(]ueiitly he went into part-

nership with W. F. McCrary, wiiose daughter
he afterward married, and who was a brother
of the late Secretary of State under I'residtMit
Hayes. After iipiirtnership of four years, Mr.
MeCrnry, being appointed I'ostmastor, sold out,
and, in 187."), died, when Mr. Tracy was ap-
pointed i'ostiiiastor, which position lie held for
ten years. In connection with this he also sold
books and stationery. Starting out in life
with barely enough to take him to California,
ho has worked his way up to liis jiresent coin-
fortal)le jiosition through many vicissitudes.

danuary 12, 1870, is the date of his marriage
to Miss .Mary M. McCrary. In the fall of
1881 he went with his family to California, on
a visit. Keturning to Oregon the next spring,
ho was apfiointed Deputy County Clerk of Ha-
ker county. He also served several terms in
the City Council, was elected City Treasurer,
i''ebrnary 8, 1890, and was .ijipointed Post-
master, as before mentioned. He has always
been a liepublican.

Mrs. Tracy was a native of Iowa, born .Fan-
iiary 3, 1849, and came to Oregon with lier
parents in 18(52, crossing the plains in wagons.
Mr. and Mrs. Tracy's three children are: (Maude,
now twenty-one yoar.s of age; Myrtle, nineteen
and (ieorge II., Jr., fourteen. These are all at
home with their parents, and constitute a happy
family.

— **<

ILLIAM SHERLOCK, for forty years
an interested observer of Oregon's
growth and prosperity, was born in
county Wexford, Ireland, where he was raised
and educated. His jiarciits were John and
Dorotha Sherlock, also natives of Ireland. Our
subject came first to the Dalles, Oregon, in 1850,
and thence to Portland, whei'e, in company with
Mr. C. P. Bacon, he established a livery busi-
ness, which they named the I'hick Hawk Stables.
They were Hrst located on Second street, between
Oak and Stark. Tlieir business, which was at
iirst small, grew to be a large and romunorativo
one. They bi-came dealers in fine horses, and
had one of the finest establishments of its kind
in the city. After a partnership of twenty-one
years, Mr. Sherlock sold out to liis partner, and
devoted his iitteution to real-estate interests. He
purchased several laKge tracts of land, and ])latted
the Sherlock Addition to the city, which has

iiisTour Oh' uuBios.

I-JIKI

Iter
liicr
■lit
Ml',
htit,
Ian-
tor
■sold
llife
rnin,
I'oin-
bs.

Hago

II of

oil

■ays

Binre l>t'(<ii imicli eiilmixiwl in vnlno l»y tlic rapi'l
irniwtli of tln! (Mty,aii(l wliicli lias coiitriljiitt'd to
making iiiiii ono of I'orllaiiii's most wtniitliy
citizens. In 1884 lui Imilt a liaiidsome residcnue,
on tiio corner of \V'nsiiiiii;toii and Twuiitictii
streets, wiiicli is a lieHiitifiii lofiitioi.. He lias
oxliibiteii nuu'li tasto in his liomo, and in the
layinj^ out of the ifronmis, havinif one of tlio
most attractive places in the city. Mr. Sherlock
has an interest in and was one of the Iniilders
of the Portland Hotel, the finest hotel on the
coast north of SaTi Francisco.

In 1851 he was married to Miss Dolly
i'oiinder, a native of lrelan<l. They have hud
eijrht children, seven now livinjr, a son and six
daiigl'ttM's. The two eldest were Ixirii |iievioiis
to coining to Portland, the others being Imru in
this city. Ilia daughter, I)orotli:i, inarrie<l Mr.
.lohn Music; she lins since died. Sophia is the
wife of Mr. V. Walters, and resides in Tucoma.
Theother children are unmarried, iiaiiiely, Annie,
Lottie, Eniina, llattie and Charles. In 187^
the loving wife and indulgent mother died, an 1
Mr. Sherlock lias never remarried. He is, in
religious views, an Episcoj)alian, and is a worthy
member of Trinity Church. Politically, he
is a Democrat, but has never had any political
aspirations, and has always decliiie<l othce. Hav-
ing seen Portland when a hamlet, and partici-
pated ill its prosperity, he is a most ardent enthu-
siast on the subject of everything pertaining? to
his favorite city and State.

••^■•^

ill EG ON iV: CALIFORXIA PINK
LAND DEVELOPMENT COMPANY:
Charles Hopkins Pierce and .loseph O.
Pierce, managers at Medfurd, Oregon. (Miarles
II. Pierce is a native of the Empire Stat(!, and
dates his birth at Forestville. His education
was received at the home academy and Cornell
University, where he completed his studies in
1884. Following this Mr. Pierce took a two-
years' course in law, reading under the eminent
Judge J. H. Orvis, of Pelford, Pennsylvania.
In September, 1880, he came to Washington,
and became bookkeeper and manager at ISIanch-
ard of the Store & l^umber Company, in the
interests of Governor Alger nntil 1889. He
came to Medford in the same year, having spent
the winter in Alaska, and returned to Medford
the followirig spring. The first year was spent

in preliniiniiry work in his own interests. He

improved timber belts, and discovered thiil the

timber lands, Ijordcriiig on the rivers and lakes

in this section, by far surpassed all other timber

in the section. In December, 18811, Mr. Piercii,

ill company with his lirolher, .loseph, beeiiiiie

int<'i'esle'l with the lion. A. (!. Iiii|)kiiii-, iih'iii-

her fro'ii Pennsylvania, and a promiiii'iit lumlier

inerchaiit of that State, by which a consolidation

of interest was etfectcul, and by . I illy 1, IHS)-.',

the purchase of ;t5,()0() acres of yellow and sugar

j)ine tiiiilier land was consiimmateil. The plana

of the comiiiiny have not at this writing been

fully ileteriiiiiied, but it is highly probable that

ill the near future this famous line of timber

bt^lt will be (levelojicil by means of n bnineli

railroad from the Oregon iV: California main

line. In addition to the above timber interests

Mr. Pierce is interestcMl in the Coos Pay Water

Frontage, besides owning valuable city property

in Seatti(>, Washington, and also linaiiciidly cini-

necteil with l\w .lackson County Hank, of .Mi^l-

ford.

Joseph (t. Pierce is jointly i?itt'reste(l with
his brother, and makes a s|iecialty of survi^yiiig
boundary liiuts.

fOHN P. WALKER, an esteemed Oregon
pioneer of 1852, and an active business mini
of Oregon's metro])olis. was born in i,ogiiii.
Hooking ccmnfy, Ohio, October la. 182'J. His
parents, Thomas and Eli/.ab(!tli (Harmon)
Walker, were born in England, but were nianid
in Ohio, and were among the pioneer settlers of
Lagrange county, Indiana, wluui it was yet a
wilderness and infested with wild Indiatis. The
father engaged in farming and in the live-stock
business, and, 'oeing a great worker, met with
financial r.uccess. This worthy eouple had nine
children, eight of whom are now living.

The subject of tliis ski^tch was the third child,
and was reared on the lioinn farm, performing
the numerous dutiesot the place in the summer,
while through the winter he would rise at four
o'cloektolook after the stock and other "chores,"
after which he would walk a mile and a half,
thrmigh the deep snow and biting wind, to the
country schoolhouse, where be improved the
limiteii facilitit>s offered tor attaining an educa-
tion. He later attended the Lagrange Semi-
nary, where he completed his studies. His

, .1 sfl.;ll

r.'iii

trisrour or oitnaoN.

lilt her was oppdHed to Iii8 lonrnin^ n tratli'. but
iil'lcr hid I'allii'i-'rt ilciitli. in ISlS, ,lolni 1'. tuok
lip cariKMitiT work, wliicli lie coiitinucil to follow.

On Keoruary 2<5, \X'o'Z, lin was iiinrriuii to
MIks lliiri'itittt! a. Kiii^litlcy.of Kiij,'li;<li ilci^eont,
and less lliiiii u inoiitli latt'i', on Marcli 15, »tart(!(l
Willi an ox team iind a siiiiill herd oi cattUt to
Cid.-s llio inttirvciiiii^ [liuiiis to Ca'iroriiia. Ow-
illi^ to nliort ("t'lMl on liiat route, however, they
turned north to ( )n'o;oii, and tiiially arrived in
siilety at the Dulles, alter a pleaHaiit trip and
without 1(188 of stock. They ex|)eriunced no
Iroiililc froni tlio Iiiiliaiis, aitliouirii the trusty
rille was eari led over one shoulder, the o.\ whip
eiiaiiirint; ihc other hanil. Leiivini; their (tattle
lit tiie l)alles. they jiroeecdeil to the (Cascades in
ayaul; whence they eontimied to I'ortland on
the idd steamer .Midtnoniah, arrivini^ at that
place late in Septeinlier, the town at that time
(•(intainiiijT u few frame Ijiiildinos hut no side-
walks, and liearinir hut a slight resemblance to
till! present proud metropolis.

Mere Mr. Walker located, followiiif^ his trade
of biiildiiij; and coiitractinir until iSoU, iit which
time he returned to the Ivtst for tin; pur()ose of
piiichii>-ini_r milliiii; machinery, and in ISIH)
Btarteil the second (.1. C (Jarson's heitij; the first)
]daninj,'-niill in the city. His mill was located
on the corner of VVater and Oiliiinbia streets,
and did a i;enerat business in sash, lilinds and
wood-tinishin^' materials, and it was very success-
fully operated until duly, 1809, when it was de-
stroyed liy fire. Wv immediately started over-
land for the East, where he Mi,'ain purchased
new machinery, with which he returned. He at
once proceeded to erect a substantial brick
Imildini;, tiOx'.K) feet, two stories liio;h, with a
basement. He placed bis new macliinery, re-
fitted the buildini^ throui^boiit with the latest
improvenients, and on December 19, following,
his mill was aj^aiii in operation. This continued
to do a thriviiif; busiiuss until the groat tire of
August, Is7i5, when twenty-three blocks of (uty
proiierty were completely destroyed, his build-
ing being among the number to be reduced to
ashes. This catastrophe found him uninsured
and he met with h heavy loss, being obliged to
Sell some of his city lots to meet his indebted-
ness. He then returned to his tradi? of carjien-
try and millwright work. In 1870 he coin-
nieiiced pattern-making, which he followed in
foundries until 18S0. He then started a shop
at No. 318 Front street, where he continued to
do general work until October, 18'J1, when he

retired from active business to devote liin ntten-
tioii to his property interests. From the wreck
of his losses he saved valuable |)i-o|)(!rty on the
corner of Second and Montgomery streets, run-
ning through to First street, where he owns
two resi<lences and is completing a substantial
business block, which promies to be an iin-
|)ortant addition to the city and an excellent
investincnt for the projector.

On .January 15, 18(19, Mr. Walker had the
misfortniie to lose hia wife, who died leaving
two idiildren: Myrtle ()., now Mrs. Henry W.
Winch; and Nelly F., now Mrs. Francis Se.iley,
whose husband is a prominent ni(<inber of tl'ie
enterprising linn of Sealey, Mason A; (Nt., su(!-
cessful grocers of I'ortland.

".Mr. Walker is a Ue|Miblican in politics, a
strong |)artisaii, and di'eply interested in piililic
affairs, yet no setdier of office, his private busi-
ness matters absorbing most of his time.

Socially, he affiliates with the I. (). O. F.,
with which he is prominently identified.

Although exjieriencing his full aliaie of mis-
fortune, by intelligence and energy Mr. Walker
has nianagi'd to emerge from them all with the
minimum loss(d' time and regret, and after sev-
eral almost crushing blows lias 'ittained a com-
petence and gained the confidence and esteem
of his fellow men.

pilCHOLAS O. WALDEN,oneofOr.-'<on'8
'Vtll successful citizens, is a native of Sweden,
'■^(j born December 7, \.H'i\\. His ancestors
were of the same nationality, and his father,
flobn Walden, was a lawyer in that country.

Mr. Walden was educated in his native land,
and about the time of his father's death, when
he was twenty-two, be left Sweden to see a little
of the world. He traveled to China, Australia
and different parts of Europe. He returned to
Sweden, and, deciding to go to the United States,
he embarked for New York. Upon arrival in
.\inerica he traveled through New Vork, Penn-
sylvania, Ohio and other States, finally cominir
to Oregon. By this time he had nearly ex-
jiended liis money, and, although he was not
used to nianiud labor, yet lie liegan life at Mil-
waukee cutting wood for a few luonths. From
there he came to work on the locks that were be-
ing constnu^ted at Oregon Uity. where he re-
mained until they were eom|)leted. He then
picked up surveying, and followed that profes-

WBsmmmmm

■

IBWMMWB

Hitiiony ov oHKOUN.

t(!ll-
•k
till!

riiii-

Wllrt
itial
iiri-
loiit

tlii«

,l..y,
\\w
sue-

■

hidii for (ii\ or wviui yciirn, principiilly in ciinrt'rii
<)rttf;oti; llieii Im lift'iirni! ii l'IitIv iti tlic hiiiil
otficc, iiiidcr Owfii Wiulo, MOW a ("iilit'uriiiii
Itiiiikor. lie t'oiitiiiiu«(l Ills i'l<;rkslii[) in tin- limil
ortict! for Hevon yciirH, iiiid on liiH own iiccouiit
1)0^1111 to iiivfttt ill iaiiij. both in ('lackiiinii!< anil
in Oregon City. At tlio tcriniiiatioii of iiis tcnii
in the laliil otrici; In- coiitiniiiMl lli^ opcralioiio in
real estate, uimI on account of tlic urowtli of the
county iiii* wise inveHtiiientH niade iiiin one of
tilt men of wealth of IiIh city. With K. L.
Kasthain, now (keeased, an one of the |M'ineijial
men of the enterprise, Mr. Wahleii lieeuine one
of tile orj^aiiizers of the WiUainetto 'rransporta-
tion & Lock Coinpany. They piin-hased HOO
neres of IhikI on the went niileof the river, o])po-
hite tile city of ( )rei;on, hoimht the I'lilli-, locks
and the wareiioiises, and in .\iigust, 1H!)(I, a new
eoiii|)any wa8 toniided, entitled the Willnnetle
Falls Klectrie j.ij^ht Conipany. Tlie new and
old coiiij)anie8 then joined and lieeanie stocU-
iudders in the new compmiy. They have Iniilt
an electric light plant and traiifiiiiit it to i'ort-
Innd, and that city is lighted with it. and an
electric street railroad is to he built from l'i>rt-
land to the lands tiiey are now plntting for a
city. The capital stock is now etitimatcd at
•SS'.ri.JO.OOO. Mr. Walden is inaiiaginj,' the iiii-
|)rovenieiit of tlie lain), and has various other
imsiiiesB inten^sts in Ore^jon (lily, lie has Imllt
a tine residence overlookiiiir the river, and has a
vtu'y pictiiresijue view from his (rroiinds.

Mr. Waldeii was married, in 187S, to Miss
Winnie Kershaw, of \ew York. They have
two children: Antoinetle and Hilda, hoth horn
in ( )ii'j;on City.

Mr. Walden was one of tiie ornani/.ers of the
Jiank (d' Oregon, and is nowonecd' Iheilirectors.
He is a meniher of the A. O. l'. W., and of the
1. (). (). F. ''n all of its branches. He if a Ke-
pnblican in j)olitics, and has served as Director
of tiie city schools. He is a (piiet. nnuBsuming
man of excellent bnsiness jiidifment. and is a
thoroughly good citizen, who is highly deeerv-
iiijr of his success.

tON. SAMUEL SIMl'SON WIIITK. who
came to Oregon in 1845, is one of the
worthy pioneers who has lived to reap tlie
reward of tlie early years of toil and privation
on the frontier. He was born in I'utler county,
Indiana, December 11, 1811, a son of Edwin

and Nancy (.\flii'rlon| While, imlives of Mary-
laud and Ohio, re,-|irciivel\. The |)ateiiial an-
cest(U's were English, and the nialernal grand
lather was Aaron .\theit(Mi. The parents of
our subject reared a family of four sons and
f(Uir ilaiighters; they were |)ioiieers of Ohio, re-
moving to Cincinnati when it WHS ii log tort;
one clunghler, Martha llarrisiui, was taken cap-
tive with her infitnl child, the other children
being slain by the tavages; «lie was hidil six days,
then made tier escape \nlli her baby, ami rt<-
tnrnecl to her home. .Indgc While received his
education in Illinois, -ind at the age of twenty-
one years enlisted in the I'lack llimk war. Ho
afterward engaged in mercaiitih^ piirsiiitB at
Knox (!ity, Illinois, and remained there three
years, at the end id' wiii(di \\nw he closed out
the business. When a treaty was made with
the Indians lu- removed with his brother in-
law, Ama/iah Ooolittle, to Miirlingtwii, Iowa,
being among the lirst settlers; h, lost his land
there through a del'icti\ e title, and then went
to Fort .Madison, Iowa, wdiere lie ran a steam
ferry across the .Mississippi; this was a piotil-
able business and he ciuidHcted it four years.

Ill ISi.") he joineil a train going to Oregon,
starting on thejoniiiey .\piil Llth; they made
a Hucces^fiil trip, free from many of the dangers
that usually atteml tho.se early traveiern, irriv-
ing at the Dalles, October f), lSt5. .1 ndi;e
White was married in Warren county, Illinois,
May ti, ISiH, to Miss lluldah .leniiin'gs, and ho
was accoiripanied by liis wife and three children,
named as follows; Nancy J., Eilward .Miltcui
and William Linn; all tlies(^ (diildreii have since
died, .ludge While settled on a farm of t)2'.)
acres within a mile and a half of ( Iregoii City,
ami there built a small log house; be imjiroved
this property, and for tweiityeighl years made
it his home. In 1S73 he came to I'orthind and
built several houses, wlii(di he rented, and also
bought a farm of i'Xl acres, four miles south of
Tacoma.

After ciuning to Ori'goii two more children
wvre added to the family of .!udg<^ White ami
wife; they were named Onzella and I'liigene D.;
only the latter survives; he is one of tlu^ jiros-
perons Inisiues.- men of I'ortland, and a skeli'h
of him will be found on another page of this
volume. In iiolitics the .ludge was in early
days a Whig, but since the organization of th ■
Uepublican party he has cast his suffrage
with it. He was appoint''d Judge of Cla(d<ii-
mas county, and a,-- no liipiors were sold within

IMd

iiiHKiitv <iy (iiihuiiy.

> III

itn hordert, two week*' <'i>iii'i lnM i wire a year

was hlltli'',i('llt to (lihpOhU of nil tlu! lp|lcilU'!*M lll'in-

ilif{. Ill' wilH tiU'f.tcil li iiii'iriiu'r of tin; I.('o;ii»|ii-
tiim ill IHIT, iiinl drovv up tlio liill ordi'iiiig tlii'
Turritiiriiil (ioviirtniiuiit to riiisd troop.-* to buI)-
iliio tilt! Iii(liiiii8. Wlii'ii lie- cniiK! to I'ortliinii
Il() wan cluctcd luHtico of tlio IVai'is iiiiil Hlluii
this olllci' nix yt'iirs. WliiU' living in Orcj^on
City III! WHS oiif of till' organizers of tlio I'irst
Coii^ivgatioiiiil (!iiiirili Sdi'ii'ty, wiiirli lie lilicr-
iillv Mipporliil cliiriii^ liis rrsiiliMifi' tlierc. IIo
was one of II coMipunv of tliree who liiiilt tlie
liOi Wliitc.iiiiili, the first steainlioiit riiiuiiiig be-
tween Astoria ami Oreijun (^ity; she was
luiinclied ut a cost of ltSr)o,U(H>, liiit sold fur $4(1,-

Mrs. White, who has lieeii a faithful eiMnpan-
ioii to her hiisliand for sixty years, still survives,
and they are spending their deeliiiinir years in
pence iiiid eoiiifort, honored liy their deseuiid-
imts and respected l»y all who know them.

-.J-.

•*-

fOilN 1). WHITMAN, .\iiionjr theproiii-
iiieiit liortieultiirists of southern ( )re^;(iii,
lew Miiiiies are more familiar to the piiblie,
espeeially of .liicksoii eouiity. than that whieli
heads this sketch; and while not a State pioneer,
lie is certainly one of the pioneer fruit-growers
of this section, ami has done much to lulvaiice
the interests of the coiniiMinity in his line and,
incideiitiilly, iK'netit the country at large.

.Mr. Whitnian settled in Meilford in 1S85 and
iiiimeiliatel\ luriird hisattenlion to fruit culture,
to which he found the country in this vicinity pe
culiarly adiipled, both (ui account of the mild cli-
mate and till.' fertile soil. He bought eij^hty-tivc
acres of good laud just outside of the city limits,
thirteen of which he planted the following year
with (dioice fruit trees of a general variety, to
which, in lS,-(li, he added tifty-seveii acres more.
His orchard now consists of seventy acres, di-
vided as follows: Eighteen in |)eiu!h. both early
and late, numbering some 1,700 trees; three
acres each of pears ami prunes of diil'fc.'ont va-
rieties; and the remainder, forty-si.x acres, are
in ajiple trees of a general assortment, although
principally of winter apples, niimbering 4,()0()
trees. These are all in a thoroughly healthy
condition, and the yield of fruit in IW'.'l. as re-
garils size, ijiiantity and quality, was something
marvelous, but that of 18!i2 Was light, owing to

late froHtK. in IMIL. tt> further fiu'llitate the

hamlling ami shipping of this large amount of
fniit, he erected a warehoiii-e, wliiidi is provided
with all the niodern iiiiprovenients ami eonveii-
ieiiees for the purpose. .Mr. Whitman's son,
•lames A., who lias heretofore had charfje of the
shipping, will hereafter have added to his duties
that of handling the fruit. The sliipiiieiits of
IH'.ll were extensive, larire iinantitie-i lieinsr sent

r> 1 p^

both north amlsoiith, |iartii'ularly was tliisso of
apples, which were shipped into t!alifornia ami
thence consii^ncd to .New York and iMirope.

Mr. Whitman is [irobably as well informed in
regard to fruit culture as .iiy man in the iStiite,
having made horticiilturo a special study and
practice for many years and, during his residence
in Medtord, has been among the |ir(igressivp
element, ever aiiiong the first to lend aid and
encoiirai;eiiient to all public and private enter-
prises, which have for their object the advance-
iiiriit ami prosperity of the city and county. Ho
is an etHident mem her of the State Hoard of
Horticulture of the Third District, to which
position ho was appointed by (Toveriior Pen-
nuyer in ISS'J. As a citizen he is eiimdly
public-spirited and enterprising, and has iin-
tioiimled faith in the future prosjierity of ^^ed-
ford, on account of its central location, su-
perior natural advantages ami excellent railroad
facilities.

The snbjeot of this sketch is a native of the
Kmpire State, having been born in Austerlitz,
Columbia county, August 20, 1824. lie de-
scends from an old New Knglan.l family, whose
ancestors were English, and came to America
about 1();{8. The .Vmerican Whitmans are de-
scendants of John Whitman, of Massachusetts,
the subject of this sketch belonging to the sev-
enth generation. Mr. Whitman'.'i parents wore
Levi and Mary A. (Dt'ty) Whitman, both na-
tives of New York State, the former born in
1792. They joined the westward tide of emi-
gration in 185S. rcmovini; to Dallas county,
Iowa, where they both died, the father Sep-
tember 17, 1867, ami the mother December ;"),
1881. They had five sons, of whom Mr. Whit-
man of this notice, was the third in order of
birth.

Tliis gentlemiiu was educated in the State of
his birth, and at an early ajfe learned the car-
penters' trade from his father, which young
Whitmiiii followed for many years in Massa-
chusetts, the fan.'ily having removed to Stock-
bridge, iliat State, in 1S4(J. He accompanied

■mnmm

uitiwuy uf uuKoun.

liu

l.'.l

nil,
tllO

icM

cut

...f

liin iiai'ciitH. twelve y<'i'* liittT, to Io'vh. ami
tliiiic cii^^iim'il ill licirti' iilturo ami fariiiiii^, rc-
muiiiiii}^ nil mil! plaet! twdiity-wuvtMi yeais, mii't
iiij^ witli lliitlcriii^f rtiK'ci'hS. liuliiccd liy t'avi."
illtlc it'iiortH iif the ^(l^tllwt■^t, Mr. vVliiliiiiiii
rmiiiiMMl in ISNu tn Mt'dfuril. whom his pros,
perity has heoii contlmicil as a jiiiit reward of
Ills oiier^y, industry and aliility.

Mr. Whitman was lirst iimrrii'd in Loo, Ikirk-
sliirc county, Massaciiusctts, in lS4(i, to Miss
Clatlicriiic llarti:iii, of T'l'i'iicii (h'scciit, ami aiiii-
tivc of that Slate. Tliis union was of short
duralion. In^iiiii teriiiiimted liv the deatii of the
(h'voted wife, Mareii 1«, IfSGl. In 1H52 .Mr.
Wiiiliiian iiiarriiMJ Miss Mary A. llidet, also a
native of Maasaeliiisetts, who. afftir a married
life of thirly-nine years, passe(l away July '2M,
18D1. leaviiif^ her family and many friends to
iiiourn her loss. To this union wiin born si\
eliildreii, two of whom hiirvivi>: <lolin 11. and
iJanies A. TlioM' deceased me: Frank I,., who
died ill 188S; Mary A., died .lune 'itl, 1«7U;
t!ora, February 8, 18li7; and Hva F., August
:i:i, 18(!1.

In politics, Mr. Wliitnian has always been
allied with tiio j)rogressivo winif of the Demo-
cratic piM'ty, althoiiifh he has iievor held olHce
in this Stato, liaviiij; frci]iuMitly decliiiod to allow
his name to ^o bet'ori^ the public as a candidate
for otlice, his attention iiuiiif.; ai)soil)ed by bis
private and biisinens interests, lie has, however,
lieen active in sidiool matters and is, at present,
a intMnbcr of the Hoard of Sidiool Trustees, edu-
cational interests stronj^ly apjiealiiif^ to bis sym-
pathies. It is to such men of brain and brawn
that Oregon owes her inafrniticeiit strides in the
inarch of progression until she now stands in
the lorumost rank of the j^lorious sir-terliood.

■^^€i

K|R. D. A. I'AIXH, practitioner at Kiiijene.
fl|H was born in I'aine's Hollow, Herkimer
\lg^ county, New York, Octolter 1(!, 185;i.
His parents, Philamder A. and Sarah (Filkins)
Pi>ine, were natives of the same county, and
after inarriaire resided upon the homestead un-
til lh(i',>, wlieii they removed to Delaware county,
Iowa, and there lived to the age of sixty-tive
years.

Dr. I'aine was ediiented at the State I'niver-
sity of Iowa and began the study of medicine
at'Moiiticello, Iowa, in 187.>, under the precept

oi'sliin of Dr. I. H. I'liillips. followed by u two-
years course at the iiieclieal dcpartiiuMil of Ceii-
triil I'liiser-ity, Kentucky. lie |p,.j;un piaelii'e
111 Ka|>i,i City, lilack llilir-, I lakota, and later
at S.iiid Spring, Delaware county, lowa, ru-
iiiainiiig until the tall of t'^ST. whi-n he visiteil
New Vork city, and passtNl several iiionllis in
Bpeciul study at the New Vork hospitals and
colleges. Ill the spring of IHSM he eaiiie to
Kiigene, where his lirother, D. !>. Taine resided.
Dr. I'aine eommeneed jiraetice at Fiigeiie, in
parliiersbip witli Dr. .1. .1 McDonald, the linn
of I'aine tV McDonald coiil inning iiboiil one
year. He then formi^l a parliiersbip wilb Dr.
\V. II. .Mc.Mlirtrey, which lasted iiiiln ihe fall
of Is'.tl, when, lliroi gli the death of his partner,
Dr. I'aine was left alone, and he has c<uitiiiucd
alone over since, continuing a general iiraetice,
making a speciality of ■-urgicai (jpeialioiis. Ho
is a liiv isioii siirgi'on for ibe oiitbcrn I'acilie
Uiiib'iiad with beadiiii:'rler.-i al lOiigene.

He was married iil Monlicello, Iowa, iii.liilv,
1878, to lielle Slaiisoii, of Illinois. They have
three children: Leona, Carrie and Flmer. The
family reside on the corner of Tenth and High
streets, where the Doctor imilt his cottage homo
ill L87!), and also owns other valuable |iroperty
in Kiigene. Ho is a member of the bliii' foijgu
and chapter, F. ifc A. M., ;iiiil a charter niem-
bi'r <d' kllgelle Camp, Woodmen of the World,
lie was one of llie iiicor|)oiiitoi's of the Kiigeiie
.National Hank, is ex-president of the Lane
Count V .Medical .Society, and inember of ijio
National Association of Ilailway Siirgeons.

tFVl II. IirSSFLI,. seereliiry aii<l treas-
urer of one (d' the leading lumber liriiii- of
llilgarcl, Orei^on, was born in Douglas
county, Nebraska, .March 7, 18,'57. He is the
secoml child in a family of four ebildreii, born
to William and l'auliiia(Kossingi Kussell, natives
ot Tennessee 'ind Ohio, respectively.

Oursiibject reiiiaine(lin Nebraska until nine
teen years id' age, receiving a cmniiioii-school
education. In ls7t) he started in life for liiin-
self. Following the westward tide he went to
I'tah, and there was employed by the railroad
com |)anv ill construction of its roads. He worki'd
for years as an assistant, ami Ibeii look charge
of till! coiiiiiaMyV works, wa> made siiperinteiicl-
eiit of the company and worked through Utah,

laos

insrOHY OF OREGON.

Montana iin<l Iilalio for nine years, having
C'liar}i;e of all the imsiiiesH, Ixith nu'rcimtile and
consti'iu'tivo. At tbo expiration .'f tin; iiinn
years ho left tht* (:orn|iany iniii went to Ketehnni.
Idaho, and thure Ixm^lit a hotel, wliieh he
(Mierated a short tinui, thoM tvM it and eiiijaged
aw l)(Jol\keeper for the Idalio Forwardini^ Com-
patiy, with whom he remained one year, and
then pnrchaHed a hiacksinitii shop and carried
on that business lor one year. In 1887 Mr.
Knssidl <'aine to Ililganl, ()rei,fon, on the Union
I'aeitic, UailroH'l, and tlien orj^anized a Ininher
eoinpany, with a capital stix'k of $75,(KM), in
wliicii he lii.s since het-n enjiaj^ed. lie is an
l'(jiial stocl;liol(U'r of the company and serves as
secretary and ti'easiirer. The tirm is now do-
ing a l)\isiness of $75,(;'H) per year. They nntn-
iil'acture everything in their line, such as doors.
SHsli, etc.. having now two sawmills running to
supply the demaiul for lumher for their man-
ufactures. They enijiloy aliout sevcnity-tive men
the year round.

In addition to his manufacturing interests
Mr. Russell has a line farm al' 1,300 acres. In
March, 1892, he was nominated t(. represent
Union county in the Legislature of 18i.(2-'y3.

Mr. liussell was married jVngust 12, 1H83.
to Miss E. .1. Uoes, a luitive of Caiuida. and o'le
child, I.ulia H.,has heen horn to them. This litti"
one was horn May H, 18^4. and she is a bright,
intelligent child, the j)et of the hdusehold. Mr.
liusi-ell is a member of the Masonic fraternitv.
Chapter and Conimaudery. In jiolitics he hi.
always been a strong Ilcpublican.

--S^ -'K^-^ir^-^

l^jfllJ.IAM KDWAUDWAnUEX.of Mc

Minnville, isan h(iiu)red ( h'cgon pioneer
of 1847, and was born in Ilalil'a.x. Xova
iScdtiii, l''(^br\iary 2(5. 181t). thus havi.ig wit-
nessed the vast improvements of three-()iiarters
of a century, which have not only been trans-
forming the more eastern portion of the Uniteil
States, but has, perhajis been more visibly ap-
parent in the extreme \\ est. One can almost
envy him the |)leasure of having witnessed tnis
stirring panorama, and especially of viewnig
the transformation in Oregon during the last
forty-tive years, from a wild ai'd unpopulated
region to its present tlourishing ami populous
condition.

His father, Edward Warren, was born in Bris-
tol. England, in 1785, and was a I'nrser in the
English navy. lie married, in 181."), Miss Eliz-
abeth Oould, a native of Nova Scotia. Her
lather, William Gould, was a Flag Sergeant in
the iiritish army, and fought in the battle of
Waterloo. They had eight children, of whom
the subject of our sketch was the eldest, and the
only survivor. His father died in Halifax, iu
1834, and his mother in Portland, Oregon, in
1849.

The motluM-. three sous and three daughters,
left Buffalo. New Vnrk, in 183(), and drove with
a team to Illinois, where they remained for four
years, and then they went to Missouri; 8top])ed
thei'e until 1n47, and then drove ou across the
plains to Oregon, thus making the journey
by wagon fruui ocean to oueau. When they
arrived thirty miles this side of Walla Walla,
they were robbed of thiir teams and nuttit by
the Indians, escaping with only their lives.

Tiiey arrived in Portland, whei- they re-
mained until 1851. Ilei-e the subjei'.r of otir
sketch worked until he acfjuired the Tiieans to
pnrchaso a yoke of oxen, when he dm draying,
having for some time the only rig of the kind in
the town, and his outfit consisting of t"'o yoke of
o.xen and a wagon. He was very successful, but
the Iiulians stole one pair of his o.xen.

He continued in Portland until 1851, when
he caiiu' to Vani 11111 county, and settled on a
domition claim of ii4() acres, located eight miles
west of the present site of McMinnville,

.Inst |)revious to coining to Orej^on, Mr. War-
ren was married iu Missouri, in 1847. to Miss
Almira 0. Martin, a native of Kentucky, Her
parents were Lewis and Tobitha (('ash) Mar-
tin, the former born August 27, 1787, and the
latter June 11, 1TS)4, and were married in 1807.
They had ten cliihiren: .loanmi, Nancy, Dillard,
Washington, Wesley, Elizabeth. .lames Madi-
M)n, i,uson V.. Mary .lane, and Almira V. Mr.
Lewis was in the war of 1S12, and iu the liulian
wars. By occupation he was a planter, in Vir-
ginia. Mr. Warreu and his wife crossed the
j)lains, and three children were born in Port-
laiul, with whom they came to the donation
claim. They began life iu a little log cabin, iu
which they lived until 1860, when he Imili a
large and conifortable house and good barns,
besides making other improvements. He had
the rare foresight to retain possession of this
farm, which isiuiw very valuable. He contin-
ued to res.i,de on il until 1887, when he piir-

■IIHTORy OF OHKGON.

I'.Mm

chaJied soino lots in tlie city of McMiiiiiville, on
which he ci'C'fti'd a cosy, ph'iisarit home, wliere
lie luid his family are now living.

Mr. and Mrs. Warren have seven children:
William li., the eldest son, is the present Sher-
iff of Yhin Hill county; Ann Aciielin. is the
wife of Mr. .lefFerson Simson. and resides in
Amity; liaehel is the wife of Mr. James liow-
land, and resides in Wa8hinjj;ton; Sn.san is the
wife of Mr. Thomas J. I'aine. rcsiiling in F'ort-
land; James married I'ertha Verstugne of Hol-
land, and resides in Salem; Km ma (rene, mar-
ried Mr. Ralph Kingsbury, and resides in Farni-
ington, Washington; Ora K., is the wife of
.Mr. Peter 'rimnnison, and lives near .McMinn-
ville.

Mr. WarriMi is a Uepnhlican, and during the
war was a member of the LTnion League, and
WHS loyal to the (Tovernment in its time of peril.
He was one of the judjies of the first idectMin
held in Portland, and copied the poll-hooks sent
to the (iovcinor.

He and his worthy wife are consistent nieni
hei-s of the Haptist (Church, to the supjiort of
which they liberally contribute.

Now seventy-six years of age, forty- five of
which have been cheered by the sympathy and
companionshi]! of a good wife, ifr. Warren is
an (excellent representative of the hardy ])i(>neer,
who, by intelligent and persistent effort ajiplii.'d
to the wonderful resource of this great State,
has accumulated a competence and gained the
confidence and esteem of his fellow-men.

[ILLIAM L. WAHRl'X, an esteemed
native son of <>)'ogon, and prosperous
?» farmer, and popular Sheriii of Yam
Hill county, was born in I'ortland, Aui;ust ti.
1841). (See history of his father. William Kd-
ward Warren, an honored Oregon pioneer of
1847, in this book.) He was the second child,
and was reared on his fathei-'s donation claim in
Yam Hill county. He attended tiie district
school, traveling three miles to reach the primi-
tive log scl o(dhou8e. In 1S(51 he went to
Portland, where, for five years, he lud the bene-
fit of the public schools, in IHiSfi he returned
to Y.im Hill CDUiity, where, for two years, Uo
attended the McMinnville Haptisl College.

He then retnrnecl to the farm, where he was
engaged in the )irod\iction of grain and stock
for several years.

On April 3. 1870, he was married to Miss
Anuinda J. Payne,a native of Yam Hill county,
antl the <laiighter of Mr. (). J. i'ayiuv an es-
teeitied pioneer of 1847.

After his imirriaire, he farmed the lands of
ills father-in law, for four years, when ,Mr.
Payne <livided his lan<l among his tlir(>e chil-
dreii, and upon Mrs. Warren's nhare, the subject
of our sketch btiilt a substantial houMs and
otherwise improved the place, and also wurkeil
the other portions <d' the land. He also <iwnH
valuable city proi)erty in McMinnville, which
he lionght upon first coming here.

.VIr. and Mrs. Warren liiive three sdtis; Ivl-
ward M., 'i'hrjinas J., and Miles I),, all born in
Yam Hill county.

In politics Mr. Warren i- an active Republi-
can, and in 18'.K), was noniituited by his party
for the office of Sheriff, receiving nini'ty-five
out of llIS votes ill the precinct in which he
lived. Jle entered upon the duties of the
oftice in July, 18!MI, and conducted the business
so satisfactorilv, that he was re-noiniiuited by
acclamation, and was elected by 4150 majority.
lie is a prominent member of tlit^ .Masonic

! fraternity, — of the blue lodge. Royal Arch and

} Council,— and the A.O, U, W.

I Oregon's superior productive powers are so

I well known, that it is not remarkable that this
should influence the human race within her
charmed confines, as well as the vegetable king-
dom. Here in the freeilom of iier va.^f plains,
man is not crowdiMJ out of existence as in conn-

j trios of an older civilization, but like tlu' mon-
arch of the CoreHf, spreads his arms to the re-
freshing breezes of heaven, until his Ijrow
tniiches the skies.

■»f3-i^

[KOliCiK W. WHITKAKKR, an Oregon
pioneer of 1848, and a prominent citizen
of liide|)endence, Orei>on, was born in
lis, July 21, 1?S12. He is the son of l!en-
jaiiiin J. Whiteaker, one of Oregon's iiioneers,
now deceased. (See history of David Jesse
Whiteaker for family history.) (ieorge Wash-
ington Whiteaker was si\ years of age when he
crossed the plains to Oregon, .\fter his arrival
in Oregon he had a siivere attiU'k of mountain
fever, ami as it affected his memory of the jour
ney and all that preceded it. he has no knowleilgi'
of any other State b\it Oregon. He was ieare<l
on his father's farm, and attended the jiublic

1300

HISTORY OF OHEGON.

Bcliool. lif roiimiiii <i witli liis father until he was
twonty-sovon years of aifu, when he was married.
After liirt marriage he settled two and one-half
miles north of Moninoiith, on the donation
claim of his hi'uther, AV. II. Wliiteaker, which
contained '^'2i) acres. This he purchased and
farmed for twelve years, his efforts heiiii^ very
successful in the farming line, lie still own.s
this |iro|ierty, although he purchased pro|)ei:ty
in Independence in liSHiJ, where ho now resides,
eiiijafiecl in Hpeculatinj;. He is successful in all
enterprises that he engages in.

Mr. Whiteaker is a stockholder in hotli the
banks of IndepeTidenco, ,ind has l)een a director
of the First National Bank since its organiza-
tion. In additio!! to his original farm he has
two others, on one of which he raises hope.

Mr. Whiteiiker was married in Dallas. De-
cember 21, 1870, to Miss Nancy Ann Osborn,
a native of Illinois, l)orn December 18, ISoO,
daughter of Willis Osborn, an Oregon pioneer
of 1852. He now resides in Washington. His
wife was a Miss Nellie G. Galespy, and he and
bis wife had two ciiildren.

Mr. and Mrs. Whiteaker have had eijjht chil-
dren, nauudy: George L., David J.. Frank Leslie,
Rob Roy, Ethel Agnes and John Olan. The other
two died when very young. Mr. Whiteaker is
a solid Democrat, but is a man who can be true
to liis party, without desiring or o.\cepting pub-
lic office. lie and his interesting family are
very highly respected and esteemed throughout
the county.