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>y errata
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int

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a9on 6

32X

/'^

\ia

\%o

T O

Nem Holland, &c.

In the Year, 1699.

Wherein are defcribed,

The 0;?4r;-Iflands , the Ifles of Mayo and
St. Jago, The Bay of All Saints^ with the
Forts and Town of BMa in BrafiL Cape
Salv adore. The Winds on the BrafiUan
Coaft. ^ir^W(?.Shoals. A Table of all the
Variations obfervM in this Voyage. Oc-
currences near the Cape of Good Hope,
* The Courfe to Nerv Holland, Shnrk\ Bay.
The Ifles and Coaft, &c. of New Holland.

Their Inhabitants, Manners, Culloms, Trade, &c,
Th '- Harbours, Soil, Bealts, Birds, Fifh, C^t:
Trees, Plants, Fruits, &c,

Illnflrated with fevcralMaps and Draughts^ alfo^
divers Birds, Fifhes, and Plants, not found in
this part of the World, Curioully Ingrayen on
Conper-Plates.

VOL. III.

Jiitmm

By Captain I4^illiam Damper,

LONDON:

f^rinted for James Knapton^ at the Crown in St. PauVs

Church-yard, 1703.

-f-'\ t-t; 7^

■-r^

..1;^

'-*■ i!'

"^^m %"

.f"" »£,?-;

""1>a^^ fe

the
fide

\ >

To the Right Honourable

THOMAS

EAvloi PEMBROKE-

Lord Prefident of Her Ma;c-
fty's Moft Honourable Pri-
vy-Council, i&'C.

My Lord,

^ m '\HE Honour I had of

■ being employ d in the

m Service of hif late

Majejly of lUuftrious Memory ^di

the time xphenTour Lordjhip pre-:

fided at the Adniitalty^ ghief nie

A ^

fife

DEDICATION.

the Boldnefs to ask Tour Frote-
BiQii of the follomng Pap erf
J bey confiji of fame Remarks
made upon very dijiant Climates^
which I jhould have the vanity
to think altogether new^ could I
perfmde my felfthey had efcafd
Tour Lordfhip's Knonpledge.
Hpn>'ever 1 have been fo cautious
of puhlifhing any thing in my
"n>hole Book that is generally
known^ that I have denyd my
felf the plea fur e of paying the
due Honours to Tour Lorajhip's
Nam e in the Dedication. I am
ajhamd^ my Lord^ to ofer Ton
fo imperfeU a Prefent^ having
not time tofet down all the Me-
tnpi^^oftny laji Voyage : But as
the partictdar Service I have mm
mderiakek^ hinders the from fr

nijhing

tpy
am

nng

\t as

fi-

DEDICATION.

77' fhing this Volume , fa I hope it
will give me an opportunity of
faying my Refpe&s to Tonr Lordr
jhip in a new one. ^-^^

The World is apt to judge of
every thing by the Succefs; and
Tphoever has ill Fortune will
hardly be allow d a good Name.
This^ my Lord^ was my Unhap-
pinefs in my late Expedition
in the Roe-Buck ^ which
founder d thro perfeB Age near
the IJlandofACcmCion. Ifuferd
extreamly in my Reputation by
that Misfortune ^ tho 1 comfort
my f elf with the Thoughts^ that
my Enemies coud not charge any
NegleB upon me. And fince I
have the Honour to be acquitted
by your Lordjhip' s Judgment I
jhouldbe very humble not to value

A 5 my

DEDICATION.

my felfupon fo compleat a Vindi-
cation. Thfs, and a World cf
other Favour!^ which I have
been fo happy as to receive from
Tour Lordjhifs Goodnefsy do en-
gage me to be with an everlajiing
M.efpe&,

* »

My Lord,

Your Lordfliip's
Moft Faithful and
Obedient Servant.

fVill, Damper,

THE

indu

have
from

fiing

Mh^Oi

pier.

THE

PREFACE

TH E favourable Receptioif
my two former Vohimes of
Voyages and Defer jptio^sh2tye2L\rc2idy
met with in the World^ gives me
. Reafoli to hope^ That notwith-

\l ftanding the Objeftions whieh have
been raifcd ^gainft me by preju'
diced Perfons^ this Third Volnme
like wife may in fome mcafnre be
accepta^ble to Candid ant! Impar-
tial Readers^ who are curious to
know the Nature of the Inhabi-
tants^ Animals^ Plants^ Soil^ &'C.
in thofe diftaat Countries^, which
have either feldom or not at all
been vifited by any Enropeans.

T'be Preface.

- It has almoft always been the
Fate of thofe who have made new
Difcoverics^ to be difefteeined and
flightly fpoken of^ by fuch as ei-
ther have had no true Relifli and
Value for the Things themfehes that
are difcovered^ or have had fome
Prejudice againft the Perfons by
^^yhom the Difcoveries were made.
It would be vain therefore and un-
reafonable in me to expeft to cf-
cape the Cenfure of all^ ox to hope
for better Treatment than far
Worthier Perfons have met with
before me. But this Satisfaftion
I an^ fure of having^ that the
Things thmfehes in the Difcovery
of which I have been imployed,
are moft worthy of o x Dijigenteft
Search and Inquiry ^ being the
various and wonderful Works of
God in different Parts of the
World ; And however unfit a Per-
fon I may be in other rcfpeds to
have undertaken this Task^ yet
at leafl I have given a faithful Ac-

count.

the

The Preface. * -

county and have found fome Things
undifcovcrcd by any before^ and
which may at ieaft be fome Afllft-^
ance a* d Direftion to better qua*
lified Perfons who fhall come after

me.

nr.

It has been Ob;eQ:cd againft ni^
by fome^ that my Accounts and
Dcfcriptions of Things are dry and
jejune^ not filled with variety of
pleafant Matter^ to divert and gra-
tify the Curious Reader. How
far this is true^ I muft leave to the
World to judge. But if I have
been exaflly and ftriSly careful to
give only True Relations and Dc-
fcriptions of Things (as I am fure
I have 5) and if my Dcfcriptions
be fuch as may be of ufe not only
to my felf (which I have already
in good meafure experienced) but
alfo to others in future Voyages ;
and likewife to fuch Readers ac
home as are more defirous of a
Plain and Juft Account of the true
Nature and State of the Things

dc-

■flSP"-

The Preface.
defer ibed^ than oif a Polite and
Rhetorical Narrative : I hope all
the Defers in my Stile^ will meet
with an eafy and ready Pardon.

Others have taxed me with bor-
rowing from other Men's Journals j
and with Infufficiericy^ as if I was
not my felf the Author of what I
write^ but publiflied Things di-
gefted and drawn up by others.
As to the firft Part of this Ob;e-
&\on^ I aflure the Reader, I have
taken nothing from any Man
without mentioning his Namc^ ex-
cept fome very few Relations and
particular Obfervations received
jfrom credible Perfons who defircd
not to be named ^ and thefe I have
always expresfly diftinguiflied in
my Books^ from what I relate as
of my own obferving. And as to
the latter •, I think it fo far from
being a Diminution to one of my
Education and Employment^ to
have what I write^ Revifed and
Correftcd by Friends ; that on the

«on-

♦*.">

^ The Preface.

contrary^ the beft and moft emi-
nent Authors are not alhamcd to
own the fame Things and look
upon it as an Advantage.

Laftly^ I know there are fome
who are apt to flight my Accounts
and Defcriptions of Things^ as if
it was an eafie Matter and of little
or no Difficulty to do all that I
have done^ to vifit little more than
the Coafts of unknown Countries^
and make fhort and imperfeft Ob-
icrvations of Things only near the
Shore. But whoever is experien-
ced in thefe Matters^ or confiders
Things impartially^ will be of a
very different Opinion. And any
one who is fenfible^ how back-
ward and refraftory the Seamen
are apt to be in long Voyages
when they know not whither they
arc goings how ignorant they are
of the Nature of the Winds and
the {hifting Seafons of the^ Mon-
foons, and how little even the Of-
ficcrs thcmfelves

generally

skilled

The Preface.

skilled in the Variation of the
Needle and the life of the A2i-
muth Compafs , befides the Ha*
2ard of all outward Accidents in
ftrange and unknown Seas : Any-
one^ I fay^ who is fenfible of thefc
Difficulties, will be much more
pleafed at the Difcovcries and Ob*
iervations I have been able to
make^ than dilpleafed wi:h me
that I did not make nK>re.

Thus .nuch I thought ncceilary
to premife in my own Vindica-
tion^ againft the Objeftions that
have been made to my former Per-
formances. But not to trouble the
Reader any further with Matters
of this Nature ; what I have more
to OfFer^ ihall be only in relation
to the following Voyage.

For the better apprehending the
Courfe of this Voyage^ and the
Situation of the places mentioned
in it^ I have here^ as in the former
Volumes^ caufed a Map to be In-

a p^ick'd Line^ r^*-
prefenting

raven^ with

The Preface.

prcfenting to the Eye the whole
Tliread of the Voyage at one
View ^ bcfides Draughts and Fi-
gures of particular Places^ to make
the Defcriptions I have given of
them more intelligible and ufe-
fuL

Moreover^ which I had not the
opportunity of doing in my for-
mer Voyages ^ having now had
in the Ship with me a Pcrfon
skiird in Drawing^ I have by this
means been enabled^ for the grea-
ter Satisfaftion of the Curious Rea-
der^ to prefcnt him with exafi:
Cuts and Figures of feveral of the
principal and moll remarkable of
thofe Birds^ Beafts^ Fifhes and
Plants^ which are defcribed in the
following Narrative , and alfo of
feveral^ which not being able to
give any better or fo good an Ac-
count of^ as by caufing theni to be
cxaftly Ingraven^ the Reader will
not find any further Defcription
of thcm^ but only thiit they were
. . V ' found

■,*i

lljc Preface.

found in fuch or fuch particiiiJar
Countries. The Plants tliemfclves arc
in the Hands of the Ingenious Dr.
tVoodivarcI. I could have caufed ma-
ny others to be drawn in like man-
ner^ but that I rcfolved to confine
my Self to fuch only^ as had fome
very remarkable difference in the
fliape of their principal Parts from
any that arc found in Europe. I
have befides feveral Birds and
Fiflies ready draw^n^ which I
could not put into the prefent
Volume^ becaufc they were found
in Countries^ to the Defcripcion
whereof the following Narrative
does not reach. For^ being obli*
?d to prepare for another Voy-
fooner than I at firft expe^-
have not been able to Con-
timic the cnfuing Narrative any
further than to my Departure from
the Coaft of Nev? Holland. But^ if
it pleafe God ^ that I return againr
fafc^ the Reader may cxpcft ^
Continuation of this Voyage frofin

•'^'^%

*•'■

lon-

iny
\ota
if
[aint

rom

TJb^ Preface.

my departure tVom Nerw? Holland^
till the foundring of my Ship near
the Ifland of A[cenjion.

In the mean time^ to make the
Narrative in fome meafure com-
pleat^ I fliall here add a Summary
Abftrafi: of that latter part of the
Voyage^ whereof I have not had
time to draw out of my Journals a
full and particular Account at
large. Departing therefore from
the Coaft of New? Holland in the be-
ginning of September^ 1^99. (for
the Reafons mentioned Page 1 54.)
we arrived at Timor ^ Sept. i 5. and
Anchored off that Ifland. On the
a 4th we obtained a fmall Supply
of frefli Water from the Governor
of a Dutch Fort and Factory there ;
we found alfo there a Portngmfe
Settlement ^ and were kindly
treated by them. On the 5 d of
December w^ arrived on the Coaft
of Nevp Guinea , where we found
good frefh Water^ and had Com-
merce with tht Inhabitants o£ a

certain

■^-■

f--

'<< '4

■•4

! i

The Preface.

certain Ifland caird Pido^Sahttti.
After which^ pafli.ng to the North-
ward^ we ranged along the Coaft
to the Eaftcrmoft part of "Nerp
Guinea , which I iound docs not
join to the main Land of "Ner^-
Guinea^ but is an Ifland as I have
defcribed it in my Map^ and calPd
it 'New Britain.

It is probable this Ifland may
afford many rich Commodities^
and the Natives may be e^fily
brought to Commerce. But the
many Difficulties I at this time
met with^ the want of convenience
to clean my Ship^ the fcwneft of
my Men^ their defire to haficn
home^ and the danger of continu-
ing in thefe Circumflanccs in Seas
where the Shoals and Coafts were
utterly unknown, and mufl be
fearched out with much Caution
and length of time j hindred me
from profecuting any further at
prefent my intended Search. What
I have been able to do in this Mat*

tcr

€

m A

'-yrnti-iunaaM

■NSi

tan*)

abuti.
orth-
Coaft

5 not

have

caira

may
dities^
CuCi\y
It the
; time
nience
ick of
haftcn
ntinu-
n Seas
were
ft be
ut'ion
d me
er at
What
Mat-
ter

The Preface.
rcr for tW Publick Scrvice3 will^
l,hope^be candidly received. , and
no DiflRculties fliall difcourage me *
from endeavouring to promote the
fame End^ whenever i have an op-
portunity put into my Hands.
May 1 8. in our return, wc ar-
l^py^d again at Timor^ ^////e 21^
I * we paiffc Jy part ot' tlip IQand Jazf^t.
"July 4^ we anchored in Batavia-
|J[load 5 and I went afliorq^ viiitcJ
the Dutch G^iKT^I^ ai)^ ilclned the
privilege of buying Proyihpns that
J wanted 5 which was granted mc.
|n this Rofid wp lay till tl^e ijtl^ •
of OS(?^^r Jfollpwing ^ when^ ha-
lving iitted tl^e Ship, recruited my
Sdr with Provilions, filled all my
Water, and the Seafonof the yeai:
for returning towards Europe being
come ^ I fet Sail from Batavia^ and
on the 19th of December made the
Cape of Good Hope ^ ^yhence de-
parting Jan. 1 1 , we made the Ifland
of Santa Hellena on the 31ft i
find February the 31 ft. the Ifland

a . of

[J-

the Pref

ace.

of Afcetffwrt j near to which my
'^hip^- having fprung a Leak which
<!:bulcl ilbt be flopped^ fotindred at
Sea 5 ^ ' ' much difficulty we got
afliorc' where we\Rv'd on Goats
and Turtle , and on the a 6th of
February found^ to our great Com*
fort, on the S. E. fide of a high
Mountain^ about half a mi^e from

i'ts top^ a Spring of frefli Water,
retartied to England in the C^n-
terbnry EaJthdiaShip. For which
wonderful Deliverance from fo
many and great D^hgers^ I think
my felf bound to rfetiiirii continual
Thanks to Almighty God , whofe
Divine Providence if it fhall pleafc
to bring nie fafe again t6 niiy Na-
tive Country from my prefent in-
tended Voyage j 1 hope to piib-
lifli a particular Account of allthe
material Things I obferved in the
feveral Places which I have now
but barely mentioned.

* '"H

T H E

an,
Sar

itsj

T^^'-v«-. -»

my
vhich
ed at
I got
Goats
th of
Com*

high .

from
Vater.
e Cdn-
which

>m fo
think
ntinual
whofe
I pleafc
my Na-
fent in-
:o ptib-
F all tht
I in the

•THE

T H E|

CONTENTS

CHAP. I.

T/?e A's departure from the Downs,
A Caution to thofe who Sail in thu
ChanneU His Arri'val at the Ca-
naiy-Iflands. Santa Cruz in Te-
nerifte , the Road and Town^ and
Spanifli Wreck. LagunaT. Lake
dttd Country^ and Oratavia T.
and Road^ Of the Wines and
other Commodities ^/'TcnerifFc^ &c.
md the Governors at Laguna a?2d
Santa Cru'/:. Of the Winds in^
thefe Seas, The As Arrival at
Mi:yo. Of the C Verd Wands ;
its Salt-pond^ compard with that
of Salt Tortuga ^ its Trade for

a 2 SAlt^

The Center 9.

Salt^ and Fr^Lpe-boats. Its Vege-
tables^ Silk-Cotton^ &c. Its Soil^
and Towns , it^ Guinea-HewV^
and other Fowls ^ Beajis^ ai{d Fijlj.
Of the Sea-Turtles^ &c. laying in
the Wet Seafon. Of the Natives ^
their Trade and Lii/elihood. The
A's Arrival at J. St. J ago •, Pro-
ga^ and St. Jago Town. Of the
Inhabitants^ and their Commodities.
Qf the Cnjiard' Apple y St. Jago
Road. J. Fogo.

C H A P. IL

The A.'s Deliberation on the Sequel oj
his Voyage^ and Departure from
St. Jago. His Courfe^ and the
Winds ^ &c. in crojjing the Line.
Hefiands away for the Bay of All-|
Saints /« Brazil ; a^ncl why. His\
Arrival on that Coaji and in thel
Bay. Of the federal Toy ts^ th
Koad Situation^ Town, and IBuild-l

ifi{f':\

U Vege-
\ts Soil^

yl Fijlj.
tying in
^ati'ves^
L The
) •, Pro-
of the
nodities.
K Jago

Seqttel oj
re from
and the
he Line*
of All.
}y. His
d in the
nts^ the
d Build'

The Contents.

inas of Bahia. Of its Governor^
Ships and Merchants j and Com-
nwditiestoandfromEuropc. Clay-
ing of Sugar. The Seafon for the
European Ships ^ and Co ire Ca-*
hies : Of their Guinea-frjrfe^ and
of the Coajiing'trade^ and Whale-
killing. Of the Inhabitants of Ba-
hia 5 their carrying in Hammocks :
ttjeir Artificers^ Crane for Goods y
and Negro* Sla^/es. Of the
Country about BzhiZy its Soil and
FroduSl. Its timber trees ; the
Sapiera^ Vermiatico^ Comefleric^
^ Guitteba^ Serrie^ and Mangro'ves.
'The Baftard^ocOy its Nuts and
Cables ^ and the SilkrCotton^trees.
The Brafilian Fruits ^ Oranges ^ &c.
Of the Sour-fops^ Caflxew's^ and
Jcnnipah's. Of their peculiar
Fruits y Arifah's^ Mericafah's^
Petango's^ Petumbo's^ Munga-
roo's ^ Muckifhaw's ^ Ingwa's ^
Otjees^^^/;^ Mufteran de OvaV
Of the Palm-berries^ Thyfiik-nu ts^
Mendibce's, &*c. and their Roots

4lf7d.

The Contents.

and Herbs ^ &c. Of their . Wild ^
Foyv! ^ Maccatps^ Farroti^ &c.
tlye Yemma^ CarrionCrow and
Chattering- croWy Bill- bird ^ Currefo^
Turtle-dcz/e and Wild-pigeons ^ the
Jenetcc^ Clocking^hen^Crab- catcher^
Calden^ and black Heron : The
Ducks y Wigeon and Teal , and
OJiriges to the Southward^ and of *
the Dunghil fowls. Of their. Cat-
tky Horfesy &c. Leopards and
Tigers. Of their Serpents , the
Rattle-Snake^ fmall Creen-Snakcy
Amphisbaena ^ fmaH Black and
fntall Grey-Snake '^ the great Land ^
and the great Water-Snake ; and of
the Water-dog. Of their Sea-ffl}
and Turtle y and of St. PaulV
Town.

■ jil-^

f» j:

/> .V

W\%

CHAP.

The Contents.

CHAP. III.

.*i^^

The Als Stay and Bufwefs at Bahia :
Of the Winds ^ and Seafons of the
Tear there. His departure for 'H.
Holland. C. Salvadore, The
Winds on the Brafilian Coajt-^ and
hhtohlo Shoal., Fijh^ and Birds :
The Shear^water Bird^ and Cook*
ing of Sharks. Excejp'z/e number
vf Birds about a dead Whale \ of
, the Pintado Bird^ and the Petrel^
&c. Of a Bird that ftjews theC.
of G. Hope to be mar : Of the
Sea reckonings^ and VariatioMs :
And a Tabic of all the Variations
obfer'vd in this Voyage. Occurren-
ces near the Capc^ and the A.^spaf"
fing by it. Of the Weflcrly Winds
beyond it : A Storm^ and its Pre^
fages. The A's Conrfe to N. Hoi*
land 5 and Signs of approaching
it. Another Abrohlo Shole and
Storm^ and the A^s Arrival on

part

part of N,

The Contents.
Holland.

lha.t

part

D^impieri

AVc

defcrih'd j and SharkV Bay^ where
he frji Anchors. Vf the Land
' there^ Vegetables^ Birds ^ &c. A ^ * J) ^
particular fort (?/ Guano ; Fifij^

and beantiful Shells , Turtle^ large v-

Sharker and fVater'Serpents. The
' A^s remo*z/mg to another part ofN.
Holland ; Dolphins ^Whales ^ and
more Sed-Serpents : And, of a Paf-
lage or Streight fnfpechd here :
'Of the Vegetables^ Birds^^ and

V Fipf^ He Anchors on a third far^ "^ ""

y0f N. HoUand^ ^nd digs WeUs^
^hnt brackifb. Of the Inhabitdnts
'*there^ the great tides ^ theVegeta- The A.'s
hies and Animals ^ &€• Cant it

. neL

Ifland

the I

Wreck
try;
Of th
ofTe
at La
// ifid.

An, i6^^:

'DJMPIEKs

Voyages.

•

VOL

III.

-5

*ji Voyage to Terra

•

Auftralis.

»■<

C HA P. I.

X^^ A'S departure from the Downs, A
Caution to thofe who Sail in the ^han*
ml. His Arrii^al at the Canaiy-
Iflands. Santa Cruz in Teneriffe ;
the Koad and Town^ and Spanifli
Wreck. Laguna T. Lake and CouH'-
try^ and Oratavia T. and Koad.
Of the Wines and other Commodities
^'TenerifFe^ &c. and the Governors
at Laguna ^W Santa Cruz. Of the
Winds in thefe Seas. The As At-

B ri'vdl

An, i6g^'

The A's Departure from England,

rwal at Mayo^ one of the C. Verd
Iflands 5 its Salt-pond^ compard with
that of Salt-Tortuga , its trade for
Salt^ andFrsipC'boats. Its Vegeta-
bles^ Silk-Cotton^ &c. Its Soil^ and
Towns J its Guinea- He/zV^ and other
Fowls ^ Beajis^ and FifJj. Of the Sea-
Turtles (&€.) laying in the Wet Sea-
fon. Of the tiatvves^ their Trade
and hi'velihood. The A.'s Arrival at
J. St. Jago 5 and St. Jago Town,
Of the Inhabitants^ and their Commo-
dities. Of the Cuft ard' Apple ^ and
the Papah. St. Jago Koad. J. Fogo.

ISaird from the Dowffs early on Saturday,
Jan. 14. 169I. with a fair Wind, in his
Majefty's Ship the Roe-huch ^ carrying but
13 Guns in this Voyage, and 50 Men and
Boys, with 20 Month's Provifion. We had
feveral of the King's Ships in Company]
bound for Spit-head and Flimouth ^ and by
Noon we were off Dungcnefs. We parted
from them that Night, and ftood down the
Channel^ but found our felves next Morning I K^^
nearer the French Coaft than we expefted ^ L
C. de Hague bearing S. E. and by E. ^ ^ J Xhe firf

eem'd t

bought

bmewui

)Ieas'd h

n his M

ery con

he Occ

hans;e c

he Chart

be ver

eader t<

aus*d to

''^per, pi

^afs to an

^e of it is

erience ti

f fuch a

(^ccafiono
nore Pub
Not to
ays Run
but only
c more p
rom C. L
that Aft
e faw of
ure from
aken it fr

There were many other Ships, fom.e nearerj
fome farther off the French Coaft, who a

feem'

>ftheCh;
nade on t;

!*'

/ ripith

de for

\l^ and
i other
be Sea-
et Sea-
Trade
ival at
Town,
Comnto-
kj and
Fogo.

idturddy,
1, in his
^ing but
VIen and \
We had
ompany,
and by
parted
lown the
Mornins
xpefted
y E. 6 Lj
le nearer
who al
feemi

An Error noted. C. Fineftcrre. 3

eem'd to have gone nearer to it than they v^;Jl^
bought they .fliould. My Mafter, who was
fonnewhat troubled at it atfirfl:, was notdif-
)leas'd however to find that he had Company
n his Miftake: Which, as I have heard, is a
i^ery common one, and flital tommy Ships,
riie Occafion of it is the not allowing for the
Change of the Variation fince the making of
the Charts^ which Captain Hall) his obferv'd
:o be very confiderable. I (liall refer t\\Q An Ad^
leader to his own Account of it which he'^^^^'^*''
:aus'd to be Publifli'd in a fingle Sheet o^ccff^ryto.
^aper, purpofely for a Caution to foch asf^f^/^'^^'^
■)afs to and fro the E^jgUJJ) Channel : The Ti- Zigxlkn'
le of it is in the Margin. And my own Ex- i<p .t/;^
erience thus confirming to me the Ufefulnefs iT^ ^^? t •
r Inch a Caution, I was wuhnej to take this England,
pccafion of helping towards the making it the ^°^^ ^y,
nore Publick. ac*che'

Not to trouble the Reader with every Princey
ays Run, nor with the Winds or Weather ^^'^^ /J,
but only in the remoter Parts, where it may church-
cmore particularly ufeful) ftanding away^^F^r^^.
rom C. la Hague, we made the Start about
5 that Afternoon^ which being the laft Land
we faw oi Efigland^ wc reckoned ourDepar-
ure from thence : Tho' we had rather have
:aken it from the Lizard, if the hazy Wea-

her would have fuffer'd us to have feen
t.

The firfl: Land we faw after wc were out
)f the Channel was C. Finijierre, which we
nade on the 19th 5 and on the 28th made

Pi 2 L^n-

i^ J. Lancerota. J. Allegrancc. J. Tener.

An. 1699- Laffcerota^oueoi ihcCartaryldanAs -jof which,

^^^'^^'^and of Allegrance, another of them, I have

here given the Sights, as they both appeared

• to us at two feveral Bearings and Diftances.

[Table I. N\ i, 3.]

We were now (landing away for the Ifland
Temriffe^ v>^here I intended to take in fome
Wine and Brandy for my Voyage. On Sun-
ddy, half an hour pad 3 in the Afternoon, wc
made the Ifland,and crouded in with al? our
Sails till 5 ^ wh«n the N. E. Point of the Ifle
bore W. S. W. dift. 7 Leagues: But being
then (b far off that 1 could not exped to getl
in before Night, I lay by till next Morning,
deliberating whether I fliould put in at Santi
Cruz^ or at Oratavia, the one on the E. the
• other on the W. fide of the Ifland ^ which
lies moftly North and South ^ and thefe are
the principal Ports on each Side. I chofe
Safffa Cruz as the better Harbour (efpeciallj
atthis time of the Year) and as beft furni(h'd
with that fort of Wine which I had occafioii
to take in for my Voyage : So there I come
to an Anchor Jaf/. goth, in 53 Fathom- wa
ter, black flimy Ground 5 about half a M\h
from the Shore 5 from which diftance I toot
the Sight of the Town. [Table I. N°. 3.]
In the Road Ships muft ride in 30, 40, or
50 Fathom-water, not above half a mile fro
the Shore at fartheft; And if there are man]
Ships, they muft ride clofe one by another,
The Shore is generally high Land, and i
moft Places fteep too. This Road lies fo ope

7'a.Ut X.

CaLtiaLTy lAaticls

-S*

y^ ^

jy.'i

Cth4. Staht of Irtuxct-ratx conttnu^il
S.£ hyS.

- ^ =

:itttj J^etmtncck, u part-
of X .iBottt-venturA

^13

I,Te±ieriiire

Jioekrtv JVtn**

Santa

to the Ea
;reat Sw
^oats: T
ten force
:ut or ili
weigh iht
lag is in
the N. E.
Water, w
/upply'd:
Oratavia,
fend thei
vvorfe Pot
erly Wind
put to S
and SantA
with fom
^command
fmall un'
guarded ^
.oad. 1
'own, a!
'ith Stor
lath two
Ire the I
'orts here
>ns from
llofe und
labitants
L^ion 3
*own, a
larks of
^alls. 1

Santa Cruz Road^ T. and Wrecks. 5

to the Eaft, that Winds from that fide make a fV^'
;reat Swell, and very bad going afhore in
oats: The Ships that ride here are thenof-
en forced to put to Sea, and fometimes to
ut or ilip their Anchors, not being able to
veigh them. The befi: and fmootheft Land-
ng is in a (ixi:\\\ fandy Cove, about a mile to
he N. E. of the Road, where there is good
Vater, with which Ships that lade here are
fLipply'd^ and many times Ships that lade at ^
ratavJa, which is the chief Port for Trade,
end their Boats hither for Water. That is a
orfe Port for Weflerly than this is for Eaft-
rly Winds:; and thenall Ships that are there
ut to Sea. Between this Watering-place
rfind Santa Cruz are two little Forts ^ which
ith fome Batteries fcatter'd along the Goaft
ommand the Road. Santa Cruz its felf is a
mall unwallp^. Town fronting the Sea,
uarded with two other Forts to fecurc the
oad. There are about qoo Houfes in the
own, all two Stories high, ftrongly built
ith Stone, and covered with Pantile. It
ath two Convents and one Church, which
re the bed Buildings in the Town. The
brts here could not fecure the Spamjh Galle*
ns from Admiral Blake^ tho* they haird in
lofe under the main Fort. Many of the In-
abitants that are now living remember that •
ftion 3 in which the EngUJh batter'd the
own, and did it much Damage 5 and the
arks of the Shot ftill remain in the Fort-
alls. T^c Wrecks of the Galleons that

B 3 wer(^

6 Way from Santa Crux to Laguna.

An. \699'\vcxc huxvX hcfc, lie in 15 Fnfhom-vvnter :
^^"^^^^^ And 'tis faid that moft of the Plate h'es there,
tho' fome of it was haftily carried afliore nt
Blake s comin.s; in fight.

Soon after I had'nnchor'd I went afhore
here to the Governor of the Town, who rc-
ceivM me very kindly, and invited me to
dine with him the next d.iy. I rcturn'd on
board inthe Evcnini^, and went afhore again
• with two of my Ofticers the next Morning -^
hoping to get up the Hill time enough to fee
■ Lai^ima, the principal Town, and to he back
ngain to Dine with the Covernour of Santa
Cr;/z ; for I was told that Lagutja was but 5
Mile off. The Road is all the way up a pret-
ty fteep Hill:^ yet not fo fteep but that Carts
go up and down Inden. There are Fublick
Hcnfes fcattering by the way-fide, where we
got fome Wine. The Land on each fide
fccmed to be but rocky and dry ^ yet in many
Places we faw Spots of green flourifhing
Corn. At farther diltances there were fmall
Vineyards by the Sides of the Mountains, in-
termixt with abundance of wafte rocky Land,
unfit for Cultivation, which afforded only
Dildo-bu(hes. It was about 7 or 8 in the;
Mornins when wefet out from Santa Cruz ;
and it being fair clear Weather, the Sun (honej
yery bright and warmed us fiifficicntly be-
fore we got to the City Ltguna ^ which we
reached about 10 a Clock, all fweaty and
tired, and were glad to refrefli our felvesj
with a little Wine in a forry Tipling houfe:

But we (

M-rchan

tnin'd us

Aftcrnoc

La'^ufi

Town, a

If ft:inds

in a Levi

Wills bi

Pintiie.

appear p

f.iir Buiic

Churches

vents, ai

Gentlem(

thofe of [

and St. L

ty highf

the Buik

yet they:

fome • a

a large P

about it.

fide of it

good W

They ha\

with Gra

the midd

Flowers,

tants we

have ve

Town ftj

of a Plai

.1»

Laguna T. a?id Gardaif. 7

But we foon found out one of the Epfglifh ^^^l}^
Merchants tint rcfirlcd here ^ who cnter-
taiti'd lis huKllbmly at Dinner, and in the
Afternoon (licv/'d iis the Town.

Lacuna is a pretty large well-compaftcd
Town, and makes a very agreeable Frofpcft.
If ftinds part of ir agiinft a Hill, and part
in a Level. The Hoiifcshave moftlvftrong
Wills built with Stoj^e and covered with
Pontile. They are not uniform, yet they
appear pleafant enough. There arc many
fair Buildings ^ among which are 2 f arifli- •
Churches, 2 Nunneries, an Hofpital, 4 Con-
vents, and fome Chapels ^ hcfides many
Gentlemens Houfes. The Convents are
thofe of St. Anjliff^ St. Domimck^ St. Frarrck,
and St. D'lcgo, The two Churches have pret-
ty high fquare Steeples, which top the reft of
the Buildings. The Streets are not regular,
yet they are moftly fpacious and pretty hand-
fome ,• and near the middle of the Town is
a large Parade, which has good Buildings
about it. There is a ftrong Prifon on one
fide of it 5 near which is a large Conduit of
good Water, that fupplies all the Town.
They have many Gardens which are fct round
with Oranges, Limes, and other Fruits : In
the middle of which are Pot-herbs. Sailading,
Flowers, &c. And indeed, if the Inhabi-
tants were curious this way, they might
have very pleafant Gardens : For as the
Town ftands high from the Sea, on the Brow
of a Plai? that is all open to the Eaft, and

B 4 hath

8 Laguna Plain^ Lake^ &cc.

An. i^99.hath confequently the benefit of the true
^-^"^'^^ Trade-wind, which blows here, and is mofl:
commonly fair ^ fo there are feldom want-
ing, at this Town, brisk, cooling, and re-
frefhing Breezes all the day.

On the back of the Town there is a large
Plain of 3 or 4 Leagues in length and 2 Miles
wide, producing a thick kindly fort of Grafs,
which lookt green and very pleafant when I
was there, like our Meadows in England in
the Spjing. On theEaft-fidc of this Plain,
very near the back of the Town, there is a
natural Lake or Pond of frefli Water. It is
about half a Mile in circumference 5 but be-
ing ftagnant, 'tis only us*d for Cattle to drink
of. In the Winter-time feveral forts of wild
Fowl refort hither, affording plenty of Game
to the Inhabitants of Laguna. This City is
called Laguna from hence 5 for tl:at Word in
Spanjjh fignifies a Lake or Pond. The Plain
is bounded on the W. the N. W. and the
S. W. with high fteep Hills^ as high above
this Plain as this is above the Sea 5 and 'tis
from the foot of one of thefe Mountains that
the Water of the Conduit which fupplies the
Town, is conveyed over the Plain, in
Troughs of Stone raisVJ upon Pillars. And,
; indeedjConfidcring the Situation of the Town,
its large Profpeft to the Eaft (for from hence!
you fee the Grand Canary) its Gardens, cool
Arbors, plealant Plain, green Fields, thcj
Pond and Aqueduft, and its refrcfhin
Breezes, it i^ a very delightful Dwelling

efpe%

^e true
is moft
1 wanN
and re-

; a large

1 2 Miles

if Grafs,

when I

gland in 't^

is Plain, \

here is a ]

:r. It is I

, but be- *

to drink [

) of wild ^

3f Game |

is City is. ^

Word in i

^he Plain,

and the i

yh above |

, and *tis.^

tains that J

)pliesthe |

lain, in |

s. And, I

leTown, i

)m hencei I

ens, cool

elds, the.

•efrcfliing

welling I

efpe

Pike of Ten. Wines. Oratavu. p

efpecially for fuch as have not Bufincfs that^''- ^^99*
calls them far and often from home ; For the ^•^''^
Ifland being generally Mountainous, ftrcp
and craggy, full of Rifingsand Fallings, *tis
very troublefome Travellingup and down in
it, unlcfs in the Cool of the Mornings and
Evenings : And Mules and Affes are moft
us'd by them, both for Riding and Carriage,
as fitteft for the (tony, uneven Roads.

Beyond the Mountains,. on the S. W. fide,
ftill further up, you may fee from the Town
and Plain a fmall peeked Hill, overlooking
the reft. This is that which is called the
Vike of Teneriffe^ fo much noted for its
heighth: But we faw it here at fo great a
difadvantage,by reafon of the nearnefs of the
adjacent Mountains to us, that it looked in-
confiderablc in refpeft to its Fame,

The true Malmefy Wine grows in this
Ifland 5 and this here is faidto bethebeftof
its kind in the World. Here is alfo Canary-
Wine, and Verdona^ or Green-wine. The
Canary grows chiefly on the Weft-fide of the
Ifland^ and therefore is commonly fent to
Or At avid 5 which being the chief Sea-port for
Trade in the Ifland, the principal EngliJIj
Merchants rcfide there, with their Conful 5
becaufe we have a great Trade for this Wine.
I was told. That that Town is bigger than
Laguna-j that it has but one Church, but ma-
ny Convents: That the Port is but ordinary
at beft, and is very bad when the N. W. .
Vyinds blow. Thefe Norwefter^ give no-
tice

Vcrdona-rphie^ Fnuts^ &c.

M. 1699- tice of their
^"'^''^ tumbles

coming, by a great Sea that
in on the Shore for fome time
before they come, and by a black ^ky in the
N. W. Upon thefe Signs Ships either get up
their Anchors, or flip their Cables and put to
Sea, and ply off and on till the Weather is
over. Sometimes they are forced to do fo 2
or 3 times before they can tike in their Lad-
ing^ which 'tis hard to do here in the faireft
Weather : And for frcfh Water, they fend,
as I have faid, to Santa Cruz,. Verdona is
green, ftrong bodied VVine, h:ir{her and
fiiarper than Canary, Tis not fo much e-
fteemed in Etirope, but is exported to the Weji^
Indies, and will keep beft in hot Countries 3
for which Reafon I touched here to take in
fome of it for my Voyage. This fort of Wine
k made chiefly on the Eaft fide of the Iflaad,
and (hipt off at Santa Cruz.

Befides thefe Wines, which are yearly
vended in great plenty from the Canary Iflands
(chiefly from Grand Canary^ Teneriffe, and
Palnja) here isflore of Grain, as Wheat, Ear-
ly and Maiz, which they often tranfport to
other places. They have alfo (ome Beans and
Peas, and Coches, a fort of Grain much like
Maiz, fow*d mcftly to fatten Land. They
have Papah'Sj which I (hall fpeak more of
hereafter;^ Apples, Pears, Plumbs, Cherries,
and excellent Peaches, Apricocks, Guava s.
Pomegranates, Citrons, Oranges, Lemons^
Limes, Pumpkins, Onions the beflc in the
World, Cabbages, Turnips, Potatoes, &c^

They

Afiimals and Trade of the Canaries. 1 1

They are alfo well ftocked with Horfes, ^^"- 1^99
Cows, Afles, Mules, Sheep, Goats, Hogs,^'''^
Conies, and plenty of Deer. The Lancerot
Horfes are faid to be the moft mettlefome,
fleet, and loyal Horfes that are. Laftly, here
are many Fowls, as Cocks and Hens, Ducks,
Pi(:lgeons,Patridges,€^r. with plenty of Fi(h,
as Mackril, &c. All the Canary llJands have
of thefe Commodities and Provifions more or
lefs: But as Lancerota is moftfam'd for Hor-
fes, and Grand Canary^ Tenerijfe^ and Palma
for Wines, Temriffe efpecially for the beft
Malmefy, (for which reafon thefe ^ Illands
have the chief Trade) fo is Forteventura fur
Dunghil-Fowls, and Gomera for Deer.
Fowls and other Eatables are dear on the
Trading Iflands 5 but very plentiful and cheap
on the other ^ and therefore 'tis beft for fuch
Ships that are going out on long Voyages, .
and who defign f j take in but little Wine, to
touch rather at thefe lafl: 5 where alfo they
may be fupply*d with Wine enough, and
goodcheaf:: And for my own part, if I had
known it before I came hither, Ifhouldhave
gone rather to one of thofe Iflands than to
Teneriffe : But enough of this.

Tis reported they can raife 12000 armed
Menonthislfland. The Governor or Gene-
ral (as he is call'd) of all the Canary Iflands
lives at Laguna : His Name is Don Fedro d&
Ponto, He is a Native of this Ifland, and
was not longfince Prefident of Panama in the
South Seas 3 who bringing fome very rich

Pearly

ii Go'vernors at Laguna and Santa Cruz.

iff*. \6^9. Pearls from thence, vvhich he prefented to the
^'•^^•^ Qiiecn of Spain^ was therefore, as *tis faid,
made General of the Cdn4ry][\mA%, The
Grand CdfiAry is an llTand much fuperiourto
Ttneriffe both in Bulk and Value 5 but this
Gentleman chufqs rather to refide in this his
native Ifland. He has the Charafter of a ve-
ry worthy Ferfon 5 and governs with Mo-
deration and Juftice, being very well be-
loved.

One of his Deputies was the Governor of
Santa Cruz., with whom I was to have
Din*d ^ but ftaying fo long at Laguna, I came
but time enough to fup with him. He is a
civil, diTcreet Man. He rcfides in the main
Fort clofe by the Sea. There is a Centinel
ftands at his I>oor \ and he has a few Ser-
vants to wait on him. I was Treated in a
large dark lower Room, which has but one
fmall Window. There were about 20c Muf-
kets hung up againft the Walls, and fome
Pikes 5 no Wainfcot,. Hangings, nor much
Furniture. There was only a fmall old Table,
a few old Chairs, and 2 or 5 pretty long
Forms to fit on. Having Supp d with him,
I invifed him on Board, and went off in my
Boat. The next Morning he came aboard
with another Gentleman in his Company,
attended by 2 Servants: But he was prefent-
ly Sea-fick, and fo much out of order, that
be could fcarce Eat or Drink any Thing,
^ut went quickly alhore agaia.

lie

Having

tratle-Wind. Pike of Ten.

Having refre(h*d my Men afhorc, and ta- f\^^^
ken in what we had occafion for, I Sail'd a- "-^^^^
way from SantA Crii% on Feb. 4. in the After-
noon 5 haftening ont all I could, becaufethe
N. E. Winds growing ftormy made fo great
Sea, that the Ship v\ as fcarce faf e in the Roadj^
and I was glad to get out, tho* we left behind
feveral Goods we had bought and paid for:
For a Boat could not go afliore 5 and the ftrefs
was fo great in weighing Anchor, that the
Cable broke. I defign*d next for the I. of
Majo^ one of the C. Fert^ Iflands^ and ran
away with a ftrong N. E. Wind, right afore
it, all that Night and the next Day, at the
rate of 10 or 11 Miles an Hour ^ when it
ilacken'd to a more moderate Gale. The Ca-
nary Iflands are, for their Latitude, within
the ufual Verge of the True or General
Trade-Wind ^ which I have obferv^d to be,
on this fide the Equator, N. Eafterly : But
then lying not far from the African Shore,
they are mod fubjeft to a N. Wind, which
is the Coaftiftg atrd conjiant Trade, fweeping
that Coaft down as low as toC. Ferd*^ which
fpreading in breadth, takes in moftly theCtf-
?fary Iflands 5 tho' it be there interrupted fre-
quently with the True Trade-Wind, N.
Weft-Winds, or other Shifts of Wind that
Iflands are fubjeft to 5 cfpecially where they
lie many together. The Pike of Tenerife^
which had generally been Clouded while we
lay at Santa Crnz, appeared now all white
with Snow, hovering over the other Hills ^

but

14 J. Mayo^ one of the C. V^erd's.

1^99- but their height made it feem the lefs conG-
derable:^ for it looks moft remarkable to Ships
that are to the VVeftward of it. We had
brisk N. N. E. and N. E. Winds from Tene* '
rife 'y and faw Flying-fifli, and a great deal
oiF Sea-thiftle Weed floating. By the 9th of
Feb, .at Noon we were in the Lat. of I5d.
4 m. fo we fleered away W. N. W. for the
I. of Mayo^ being by Judgment, not far to
the E. of it, and at 8 a Clock in the Evening
lay by till Day The Wind was then at W.
by South, and fo it continued all Night, fair
Weather, and a fmall eafie Gale. All thefe
were great Signs, that we were near feme
Land, after having had fuch conftant brisk
Winds before. In the Morning after Sun-
rife, wc faw the Ifland at about 4 Leagues
diftance. But it was fo hazy over it, that we
could fee but a fmall part of it^ yet even by
that part I knew it to be the Ifle of Mayo.
See how it appeared to us at fcveral^em^j-, as
we were compaffing the E. the S. E. and the S.
of it, to get to the Fcoad, on the S. W. of it,
[Table IL N% i, 2, 3.] and the Road it fclf

CN%4.]

I got not in till the next Day, Feb, 11.

when I come to an Anchor in the Road,
which is the Lee-ward pr.rt of the Idand 5
for 'tis a general Rule, never to Anchor to
Wind-ward of an Ifland between the Tro-
picks. We Anchored at i r a Clock in 14
Fathom clean Sand, and very fmooth Wa-
ter, about three quarters of a Mile from the

Shore^

Cape Verd lilaiacls

^. 1

h- U4.ayo, ai: x X. diji: ',yS, pointr cat^rlil u^tth a,^a

I,J\£a"V-o . at- -thefi. 3mik.€Atn.Tias : ^lutn. ifj^ath ; r^d. Cored, ajfout.

1 ,3£«.yo ,Jiandiry au^ toy S. Tl^.ftelntof it, Mjft : x JUiUj. S/,j^,W.i

U.w:

' -'^ 1 mil* ■fivm.shcri

3 ,3.1.ay,o

J^'he :KatLj.

A,/ ll^hvtn

JfU and J^m^ne of jStlag"©

Coajis of J. Mayo. i 5

Shore, in the fame Place where I Anchor'd ^V^'
ill my Voyage round the World '^ and found ri- ^^
dinghere the Newport of Lor/don, a Merchant
Man, Captain Barefoot- Comminder, who
welcomed me with 3 Cnns, and I returned
one for Thanks. He came from Fajal^ onG of
the Wejlern llhuds : and had ftore of Wine
and Brandy aboard. He was taking in Salt
to carry to Nevo-foHtjd-larjd^ and was very glad
to fee one of the Kings Ships, being before
our coming afraid of Pyrates^ wliich, of late
Years, had much infefted this and the reft
of the Cape Verd Ijlands.

I have given fomc Account of the Ifl.i nd of
Mayo^ and of other of thcfe Iflands, in my
Voyage rqntid the Worlds [V'o!. I. p. 70.] but
I (hall now add fome farther Obfervations
that occur'd to me in this Voyage. The L
of Mayo is about 7 Leagues in Circumference,
of a roundifh Form, with many fmall rocky
Points (hooting out into the Sea a Mile, or
more. . Its Lat. is 1 5 d. N. and as you fail
about the Ifle, when you come pretty nigh
the Shore, you will fee the Water breaking
off from thofe Points:^ which vou muft give
a Birth to, and avoid them. I fail'd at this
time two parts in three round the Ifland, but
faw nothing dangerous bcfides thefe Points 5
and they all (hew*d themfelves by the Break-
ing of the Water ; Yet 'tis reported. That
on the N. and N. N. W. (ide there are dan-
gerous Sholes, that lye farther off at Sea 5 but
I was not on that Side. There are 2 Hills

1 6 Sdh'Tofidofy Mayo.

f\}^ on this Klmd of a confiderablc hcighth 5 one
pretty bluff, the other peeked at top. The
reft of the Ifl.nid is pretty level, and of a good
hei^^hth from the Sea; The Shore clear
round hath fandy Bays, between the Rocky
Points I fpikc of ^ and the whole Kland is
a very dry fort of Soil.

On the Weft-fide of the Ifle where the?
Road for Ships is there is a large Sandy Bay,
and a Sand-bank, of about 40 Paces wide
within it, which runs along the Shore 2 or 5
Miles 5 within which there is a large Salini,
or Salt-pond, contained between the Sand-
bank and the Hills beyond it. The whole
Salirta is about 2 Miles in length, and half dt
Mile wide; but above one half of it is com-
monly dry. The North end only of the Pond
never wants Water, producing Salt from No-
vember till M^j/, which is here the dry Seafon of
the Year. The Water which yields this Salt
works in from out of the Sea through a hole
in the Sand-bank before-mentioned^ like a
Sluce, and that only in Spring-tides 5 when
it fills the Pond more or lefs,according to the
heighth of the Tides. If there is any Salt
in the Ponds when the Flufti of Water comes
in, it prefently diffolves: But then in two or
three Days after it begins to Kern 5 and fo
' continues Kerning till either all, or the great-
eft part of the Salt-water is congealed or
kcrn'd ^ or till a frefti Supply of it comes in
again from the Sea. This Water is known
JTo come in only at that one Paffage on the N.

part

Salt'kernhig^ and Trade. i^

part of the Pond 5 where alfo it is deepeft. An. \69S).
It was at a Spring of the New Moon when ^■^^"''^'^^
I was there ^ and I was told that it comes
in at no other time bnt at the New Moon
Spring-tides: but why that (lionid be t
can t guefs. They who come hither to
lade Salt rake it up as it Rerns, and lay it
in heaps on the dry Land, before the Wa-
ter breaks iii anew : And this is obfervable
of this Salt-pond, that the Salt kerns only
HI the Dry Seafon, contrary to the Salt-
Ponds in the [f'c/?-/W/a,particularly thofe
of the liland SaJt-Torttiga, which I have
formerly mentioned [Vol. I. p. 56.] for
they never Kern there till the tlains come
in about April-^ nnd continue to do fo in
May June^ jf///)', 8cc. while the Wet Sea-
fon lafts 5 and not without fome good '
Shower of Rain firft : But the Reafon al-
fo of this Difference between the Salt-
Ponds of Mayo^ and thofe of the Wejl-
Indies^ why thefe (hould Kern in the Wet
Seafon, and the former in the Dry Seafon;
I (hall leave to Philofophers.

Our Nation drive here a great Trade foi*
Salt, and have commonly a Man of War
here foi" the Guard of our Ships and Barks
that come to take it in 5 of which I have
been informed that in fome Years thers
have not been kfs than 100 in a Year. It
cofts nothing but Men's Labour to rake it
together, and wheel it out of the Porid,

C except

l/V^

1 8 ¥x2ipe'boats defcabed.

yimi^p.^ except the Carriage: Andthatalfois very
' ^'^ ' cheap ^ the Inhabitants having plenty of
Affes, for which they have little to do he-
fides carrying the Salt from the Ponds to
the Sea-tideatthe Seafon when Ships are
here. The Inhabitants lade and drive
their Affes themfelves, being very glad to
beimploy'd^ for they have fcarcc anyo-
ther Trade but this to get a Penny by.
The Pond is not above half a Mile from
the Landing-place, fo that the Affes make
a great many Trips in a day. They have
a fet number of Turns to and fro
both Forenoon and Afternoon, which
their Owners will not exceed. At the
Landing-place there lies a Frape-hoat^ as
our Seamen call it, to take in the 5^//. Tis
made purpofely for this ufe, with a
Deck reaching from the Stern a third part
of the Boat 5 where there is a kind of
Bulk-head that rifes, not from the Boats
bottom, but from the Edge of the Deck,
to about 2 foot in heighth ; all calk'd very
tight. The Ufe of it is to keep the Waves
from dafhing into the Boat, when it lies
with its Head to the Shore, to take in Salt :
For here commonly runs a great Sea 5 and
when the Boat lies fo with its Head to
the Shore, the Sea breaks in over the
Stern, and would foon fill it, was it not
for this Bulk' head, which ftops the Waves
that come flowing upon the Deck,

and

Frzpe-hoats defcrihed. ip

and makes them run off into the Sea on^^"- ^^
. each fide. To keep the Boat thus with the ^^^^^^^
Head to the Shore, and the Stern to the
Sea, there are two ftrong Stantions fet up
in the Boat 5 the one at the Head, theo-
ther in the middle of it, againft the Bulk-
head, and a Foot higher than the Bulk-
head. There is a large Notch cut in
the top of each of thefe Stantions big
enough for a fmall Flazer or Rope to lie
in;^ one end of which is faften*d to a Poft .
aftiore, and the other to a Grapling or An-
chor lying a pretty way off at Sea ; This
Rope ferveth to hale the Boat in and our,
and the Stantions fervc to keep her faft, fo
that (he cannot fwins; to either fide when
the Rope is hal'd tight : For the Sea would
clfc fill her, or tofs her alhore and ftave
her. The better to prevent her ftaving
and to keep her the tighter together, there
afe two fets of Ropes more : The firft go-
ing athwart from Gunnal to Gunnal,
which, when the Rowe 's Benches are laid,
[bind the Boats fides fo hard againfl: the
I Ends of the Benches that they cannot eafily
fall afunder, while the Benches and Ropes
mutually help each other 5 the RopeJ
[keeping the Boats fides from flying ofF,and
pe Benches from being crufb'd together
inwards. Of thefe Ropes there are ufual-
ly hut two, dividing the Boats length, as
rliey go acrofs the fides, into there equal

C 2 partSo

20 ¥r2i^Q'hoats how tnanafi^d.

An. 1699. parts. The other fet of Kopes arc more

i/VNJ in number, and are fo placed as to keep the

Ribs and Planks of the Boat from ftarting

off. For this purpofe there are holes made

at certain diftances through the Edge of

the Keel that runs along on the infide of

the Boat -^ through which thefe Ropes paf-

fitig are laid along the Ribs, fo as toiine

them, or be themfelves as Ribs upon them,

being made faft to them by Rattan's

brought thither, or fmall Cords twifted

clofe ah )ut both Ropes and Ribs, up to the

Gunnal: By which means tho* feveralof

the Nails or Pegs of the Boat fliould by

any fhock fall out, yet the Ropes of thefe

two fets might hold her together : Efpe-

cially with the hel p of a Rope going quite

round about the Gunnal on the out-{ide,as

our Long-boats have. And fuch is the

Care taken to ftrengthen the Boats 5 from

which girding them with Ropes, which

our Seamen call Frapwg, they have the

Name of Frape-boats. Two Men fuffice

to hale her in and out, and take in the

Salt from Shore- (which is brought in

Bags) and put it out again. As foon as

the Boat is brought nigh enough to the I

Shore, he who ftands by the Bulk-head

takes inftantly a turn with the Hazer about

the Bui k-head-Stantion 5 and tha t fliops her

faft before the Sea can turn her afide : Andl

when the two Men have got in their Lad-

I. Mayo. Silk-Cotton. 21

ing, they hale off to Sea, till they come a f"^J^
little without the fwcll ^ where thpy re-
move the Salt into another Boit that car-
ries it on board the Ship. Without fucli
a />///7c- boat here is but bad Landingatany
time: for tho* 'tis commonly very fmooth
intheHoad, yet there falls a great Sea on
the Shore, fo that every .ship thit comes
here fliould have fuch a Bo{ti\ and bring,
or make, or borrow one of other Ships
that happen to be here ; for the Inhabi-
tants have none. I have been thus parti-
cular in the Defcription of thefe Fr^/xr-
boats, becaufe of the Ufe they may be
of m any Places where a great Sea falls
in upon the Shore ^ as it doth efpecially
in many open Roads in the Eafl and
Wefl'hdies'^ where they might therefore
be very ferviceable^ but I never fa w any
of them there.

The Ifland Mayo is generally barren, be-
ing dry, as I faid ^ aiid the beft of it is but
a very indifferent Soil. The fandy Bank
that pens in the Salt-pond hath a fort of
Silk Cotton growing upon it, and a Plant
that runs along upon the Ground, branch-
ing out like a Vine, but with thick broad
Leaves. The Silk-Cotton grows on ten-
der Shrubs, 3 or 4 Foot high, in Cods as
big as an Apple,but of a long (hape 5 which
when ripe open at one end,partingleifure-
ly into 4 quarters^ and at the firft open-

C 3 in&^

fm ^

Silk and other Cottoru

An. i<<99.ing the Cotton breaks forth. It may beef
^lO^*^ ufe fqr ftuflSng of Pillows, or the like 5
but elfe is of no value, any more than that
of the great Cotton tree. I took of thefe
Cods before they were quite ripe, and laid
them in my Chefl: 5 and in two or three
days they would open and throw out the
Cotton. Others I have bound faft with
Strings, fo that the Cod could not open 5
pnd in a few Days afte r, as foon as I flack-
ned the String never fo little, the Cod
would burft, and the Cotton fly out force-
ably, at a very little hole, juft as the Pulp
put of a roafting Apple, till all has been
out of the Cod. I met with this fort of
Cotton afterwards at Timor (where it
was ripe in November) and no where
elfe in all my Travels % but I found two
other forts of Silk-cotton at Brazil, which
I ftall there defcribe. The right Cotton*
Shrub grows here alfo, but not on the
Sand-bank. I faw fome Bufties of it ne^ir
the Shore 5 but the mod of it is planted
in the middle of the Ifle,where the Inhabi-
tants live, Cotton-cloth being their chief
Manufafture 5 but neither is there any
great ftore of this Cotton. There alfo are
fome Trees within the Ifland, but none to
be feen near the Sea-fide 5 nothing but a
few Bufhes fcattering up and down againfl:
the fides of the adjacent Hills 3 for, as !
(aid before, the Land is pretty high from

. thf.

Soil of I. Mayo^ Tovonr^ &c. 1 5

the Sea. The Soil is for the moft parf ^4^. 1699
either a fort of Sand, or loofe crumbling ^'^''"^^'^
Stone, without any frefh Water Ponds or
Streams,to moiften it^ but only Showers
in the Wf t-feafon, which run off as faft as
they fall ; except a fmail Spring in the
middle of the Ifle, from which proceeds a
little Stream of Water that runs through *
a Valley between the Hills. There the
Inhabitants live in three fmall Towns, ha-
ving a Church and Padre in each Tovvn :
And thefe Towns, as I was inform'd, are
6 or 7 Miles from the Road. Piftofe is faid
to be the chief Town, and to have two
Churches : St. Johns the next ^ and the
third Lagod, The Houfcs are very mean ^
fmall, low Things. They build with
Fig-tree 5 here being, as I was told, no
other Trees fit to build with. The Raf-
ters are a foit of wild Cane. The Fruits
of this Ifle are chiefly Figs, and Water-
Melons. They have alfo CallAvaftces (a
fort of Pulfe like French Beans) and Pump-
kins, for ordinary Food. The Fowls arc
Flamingo's, Great Curlews, and Guinea-
Hens 5 which the Natives of thofe Iflands
call GdHena Pintdta, or the Painted Heny
but in Jawakit.whQTt I have feen alfo thofe
Birds in the dry Savannah's and Woods,
f for they love to run about in fuch Places)
they arc caird Guwea-licm, They fcem
to be much of the Nature of Partridges.

C 4 They

24 Guinea-He//J' defcribed.

An. i^pp.They are bigger than our Hens, have
^O^^ long Legs, and will run apace. They qan
fly too, but not far, having large heavy
Bodies, and Lut (hort Wings, and ftort
Tails: As I have generally obferved that
Birds have feldom long Tailsunlefsfuchas
fly much 5 in which their Tails areufual-
ly ferviceable to their turning about, as a
Rudder to a Ship or Boat. Thefe Birds
have thick and ftrong, yet (harp Bills,
pretty long Claws, and (hort Tails. They
feed on the Ground, either* on Worms,
which they find by tearing open the
Earth 5 or on Gra(hoppers, which are
plentiful here. The Feathers of thefe
Birds are fpeckled with dark and light
Gray 5 the Spots fo regular and uniform,
that they look more beautiful than many
Birds that are deck*d with gayer Feathers.
Their Necks are fmall and long^ their
Heads alfo but little. The Cocks have a
fmall rifing on their Crowns, like a fort of
a Comb. Tisof thecolourof adry Wall-
nut-(hell, and very hard. They have a
fmall red Gill on each fide of their Heads,
like Ears, (trutting out dov/nwards ^ but
tjhe Hens have none. They are fo (trong
that one cannot hole! them ^ and very
hardy. They are very good Meat, ten-
der, and fwe«t 5 and in fome the Fle(]3 is
extraordinary white^ tho* fome others
k^VQ black FleCtji, ; But both foru ^re very

good,

Birds and Beajls of I. Mayo. 1 5

good. The Natives take them With Dogs, ^^'^^ ^^99-
•tunning them down whenever they pleafe^ l/nTV
for here are abundance of them. You
(hall fee 2 or 300 in a company. I had
feveral brought aboard alive, where they
throve very well 5 fome of them 1$ or
18 Months 5 when they began to pine.
When they are taken young they will be-
come tame like our Hens. The Flamw-
go's I have already defcrib^d at large,
[Vol. I. p. 79.] They have alfo many o-
ther fort of Fowls, viz. Pidgcons and Tur-
tle-doves 5 Mimotas, a fort of Land- fowls
as big as Crows, of a grey colour, and .
good Food ^ Cr/z/^'s, another fort of grey-
colour'd Fowl almoft as big as a Crow,
which are only feen in the Night (proba-
bly a fort of Owls) and arc faid to be good
for confumptive People, but eaten by
none elfe. Rabek\ a fort of large grey
eatable Fowls with long Necks and Legs,
not unlike Herons 5 and many kinds of
fmall Birds.

Of Land-Animals, here are Goats, as
I faid formerly, and Affes good ftore.
When I was here before they were
faid to have had a great many Bulls
and Cows : But the Pirates, who have
fince miferablv infefted all thefe Iflands,
have much leflen d the number of thofe^
not having fpar'd the Inhabitants them-
felve^; for at my being tKeie this time th?

Cover-

26 F//Za^ and laying of Turtle,

Ai. 1699- Governor of Mayo was but newly rcturnd
^■''^^^^^ from being a Prifoner among them, thejP
having taken him away, and carried him
about with them for a Year or two.

The Sea is plentifully ftock'd with Fifti
of divert) forts, viz. Dolphins, Boneta's,
Mullets, Snappers, Siiver-fifh, Gar-fifli,
&c. and here is a good Bay to hale a Sain
or Net in. I hard ff/nc feveral times,
and to good purpofe ^ dragging afhore at
one time 6 dozen of great Fi(h, moft of
them large Mullets of a foot and a half
or two foot long. Here are alfo Porpofes,
and a fmall fort of Whales, that common-
ly vifit this Road every day. I have al-
ready faid, [Vol. I. p. 75.3 That the
Months of May^ Jn^e, July and AnguHy
(that is, the Wet Seafon) are the time
when the Green Turtle come hither, and
go afhore to lay their Eggs. I look upon
it as a thing worth taking Notice of, that
the Turtle (hould always, both in North
and South Latitude, lay their Eggs in the
wet Months. It might be thought, con-
sidering what great Rains there are then
in fome places where thefe Creatures lay,
that their Eggs (hould be fpoiled by them>
But the Rain, tho* violent, is foon foaked
up by the Sand, wherein the Eggs are buri-
ed 5 and perhaps finks not fo deep into it as
the Eggs are laid : And keeping down the
Heat may make the Sand better below

than

The Natives of I. Mayo. 27

than it was before, like a Hot- bed. What-^"- ^^99-
ever the Rcafon may be why Providence ^•''''^'^*^
determines thefe Creatures to this Seafon
of laying their Eggs, rather than the Dry,
in Fad it is fo, as I have conftaritly ob-
ferv*d 3 and that not only with the Sea-
Turtle, but with all other forts of Amphi-
bious Animals that lay Eggs 5 as Croco-
dils. Alligators, Guano's, c^^. The In-
habitants of this Ifland, even their Gover-^
nour and Padres, arc all Negro's, Wool-
pated like their ^/nV/f»-Neighbours 5 from
whom 'tis like they are defcended 3 tho*
being Sub jefts to the Portugtfcze ^they have
their Religion and Language. They are
ftout, lufty, well-limb'd People, both Men
and Women, fat and flelhy 5 and they
and their Children as round and plump
as little Porpofes^ tho' the Ifland appears
fo barren to a Stranger as fcarce to have
Food for its Inhabitants. I inquired how
many People there might be on the lile 5
And was tolc by one of the Padre's, that
here were 230 Souls in all. The Negro-
Governor has his Patent from the Portn-
gueze Governour of St. J ago. He is a very
civil and fenfible poor Man^ and they are
generally a good fort of People. He ex-
pefts a fmall Prefent from every Com-
mander that lades Salt here 5 and is glad to
be invited aboard their Ships. He fpends
moft of his time with the EvgUJh in the

Saltinff

.♦

-s

An. I

aS . E>Mployments of the Nati'ves.

£99. Salting Seafon, which is his Harvefl:^ and
indeed, all the Ill^'.nders are then fully em-
ployed in getting fomewhat 5 for they
have no Vcffels of their own fo Trade
with, nor do any Portugueze'V Q^th comt
hither: fcarceany but ErtgUJI}^ on whom
they depend for Trade ^ and tho* Subjefts
oi Portugal, have a particular Value for us.
We don't pay them for their Salt, but for
the Labour of themfelves and their Beads
in lading it; for which we give them Vi-
ftuals, fomeMony, and old Cloaths, vm.
Hats, Shirts, and other Cloaths: By which
means many of them are indifferently well
rigg'd^ bur fomeof them goalmoftNaked.
When the Turtle-feafon comes in they
watch the Sandy-bays in the Night, to
turn them ^ and having fmall Huts at par-
ticular Places on the Bays to keep them
from the Rain, and to fleep in : And this
is another Har veft they have for Food ^ for
by Report there come a great many Tur*
tie to this and the reft of the Cape Verd
Ifldfids, When the Turtle Seafon is over
they have little to do but to hunt for
G«j«e<j-Hens,and manage their fmall Planr
tations. But by thefe means they have all
the Year fome Employment or other ^
whereby they get a Subfiftence, tho* but
little elfe. When any of them are defirous
to go ovei: tQ St. 'jago they get a Licence
i&ora the GovQrnor, and dcfire paffage in.

any

jjfes. 1. St. jago. Praya. a^

^wy'Engliflj Ship that is going thither : An. 1699,
And indeed all Ships that lade Salt here ^^'^^^^^'^^
will be obliged to touch at St. Jago for
Water, for here at the Bay is none, not
fo much as for Drinking. Tis true there
is a fmall Well of brackifti Water not half
a mile from the Landing-place, which the
Affes that carry Salt drink at -^ but 'tis very-
bad Water. Affes themfelves are a Com-
modity in fome of thefe Iflands, fevcral
of our Ships coming hither purpofely to
freight with them, and carry them to B^r-
badoes and our other Plantations. I flay*d
at Mayo .6 days, and got 7 or 8 Tun of
Salt aboard for my Voyage : In which
time there came alfo into this Road feve-

•

ral Sail of Merchants Ships for Salt 5 all
bound with it for Nevpjoundland,

The 1 9th day of Feir/Mrji, at about One
a Clock in the Morning I weighed from
M^j/^-Road, in order to Water at St. Jago^
which was about 5 or 6 Leagues to the
Weft ward. We coafted along the Ifland
St, Jago., and part by the Port on theEaft
of it, I mention d formerly [Vol. I- p. 76.]
which they call Pray a -^ where fome Eng-
lift] outward-bound Eajl-India Men ftill
touch, but not fo many of them as hereto-
fore. We fa w the Fort upon the Hill, the *
Houfes and Coco-nut Trees: But I would
not go into anchor here, becaufelexpe-
fted better Water on the S^ W. of the

Ifland, •

^o 77^^ ^' arri'vcs at St. Jago T.

^f^l^j^^Kland, at St. J ago Town. By 8 a Clock
""^^"^^^^^ in the Morning we faw the Ships in that
Road, being within 5 Leagues of it; But
were forc'd to keep Turning many hours
to get in, the Flaws of Wind coming fo
uncertain ^ as they do efpecial ly to the Lee-
ward of Iflands that are High Land. At
length two Portugucze Boats came off to
help tow us in ^ and about 5 a Clock in
the Afternoon wc came to an Anchor 5
and took the Profpeft of the Town,
[Table ILN°. 5.] We found here, be*
fides two PortngHe%e'%\\\\iS bound for
Brazil, vv^hofe Boats had tow'd us in,
an EfjgliJJ) Pink that had taken in
Afles at one of the Cape Verd Iflands,
and was bound to Barbadees with them.
Next Morning I went afhore with my
Officers to the Governor, who treated us
with Sweet-meats: I told him, the occa-
fion of my coming was chiefly for Water 5
and that I defired alfo to take in fome Re-
freftiments of Fowls, &c. He faid I was
welcom, and that he would order the
Townfmen to bring their Commodities to
a certain Houfe, where I might purchafe
what I had occafion for : I told him I had
not Mony, but would exchange fome of
* the Salt which.! brought from Mayo for
their Commodities. He repiy*d, that Salt
was indeed an acceptable Commodity with
the poor People, but that if I defigVd to

biiv^

St. Jago T. defcribed. 51

buy any Cattle, I muft give Mony for^«:>^99-
them. I contented my felf with taking in ^-^^^''^
Dunghil Fowls: The Governor ordering
a Cryer to go about the Town and give
notice to the People,that they might repair
to fuch a place with Fowls and Maiz for
feeding them, where they might get Salt iu
exchange for them : So I fent on board for
Salt, and ordered fome of my Men to truck
the fame for the Fowls and Maiz, while
thereft of them were bufie in filling of Wa-
ter. This is the effeft of their keeping no
Boats of their own on the feveral Iflands,
that they are glad to buy even their own
Salt of Foreigners, for want of being able
to tranfport it themfelves from Ifland ro
Ifland.

St. Jdgo Town lies on the S. W. part of
the Ifland, in Lat. about 15 Deg. N.
and is the Scat of the General Governour,
and of the Biftiop of all the Cdpe Ferd
Iflands. This Town ftands fcattering a-
gainft the fides of two Mountains, be-
tween which there is a deep Vally, which
is about 200 Yards wide againft the Sea 5
but within a quarter of a mile it clofes up
fo as not to be 40 Yards wide. In the
Valley, by the Sea, there is a ftragling
Street, Houfes on each fide, and a Run of
Water in the bottom, which empties it
felf into a fine fmall Cove or fandy Bay,
where the Sea is commonly very fmooth :

5 1 Ncith^es of St. Jago.

An. \6r^. fo tlMt here is good Watering and good
'"^''^'^^ Landing at any time ^ tho' the Road be
rocky and bad ^'or i^hips. Jnfi: by the
Landing-place th e is a fmall Fort,almoft
level with the i-ea, where is always a
Court of Guard kept. On the top of the
Hill, above the Town, there is another
Fort ^ which, by the Wall that is to be
feen from the Road, feems to be a large •
Place. Tbey have Cannon mounted there,
but how many know I not : Neither what
ufe that Fort can be of, except it be for Sa-
lutes. TheTovvnroayconfiftof 2or5CO
Houfes, all built of rough Stone^ having
alfo one Convent, and one Church.
• The People in general are black, or at
leaft of a mixt colour, except only fome
few of the better fort, viz, the Governor,
the Biftiop, fome Gentlemen, and fome of
the Pad res ^ for fome of thefe alfo are black.
The People about Pray a areThievifh^ but
thefe of St» Jago Town, living under their
Governour's Eye, are more orderly, thb*
generally poor, having little Trade: Yet
befides chance Ships of other Nations,
there come hither a Portugneze^hi^oxivjo
every Year, in their way io Brazil. Thefe
vend among them a few European Com-
modities, and take of their principalMa-
nufaaureSjWa.Ilriped Cotton- cloth, which
they carry with them to Brazil. Here is
ilfo another Ship comes hither from For-

tHgal

y^ /^

(•VI'

Sugar. Wine. Fruits. 22

tttgal for Sugar, their other Manufadure, An.j699.
and returns with it direftly thither : For
'tis reported that there are fcveral fmall
Sugar-works on thislfland, from which
they fend home near 100 Tun every Year ^
and they have plenty of Cotton growing
up in the Country, wherewith they cloath
themfelves, and fend alfo a great deal to^
Brdzil. They have Vines, of which they
make fome Whie^ but the European Ships
furnifli them with better 5 tho* they drink
but Httle of any. Their chief Fruits are,
(befides Plantains in abundance) Oranges,
Lemons, Citrons, Melons, (both Musk
and Water-melons) Limes, Guava's, Pom-
granates, Quinces, Cuftard- Apples, and
Pa pah's, &c.

The Cuftard- Apple (as we call it) is a
Fruit as big as a Pomegranate^ and much of
the fame colour. The out-fide Husk,
Shell or Rind, is for fubftance and thick-
nefs between the Shell of a Pomegranate,
and the Peel of a »9ez;/7-Orange 3 fofter than
this, yet more brittle than that. The Coat
or Covering is alfo remarkable in that it is
befet round with fmall regular Knobs or
Rifings^ and the infide of the Fruit is full of
a white foft Pulp, fweet and very pleafant,
and raoft refembling a Cuftard of any
thing, both in Colour and Tafte : From
whence probably it is called a Cuftard -
Apple by our EngUJIj. It has in the mid-

D die

54 Ciid^Td- Apple. Pa pah.

'An. 1599. die a few fraall black "Stones or Kernels ^
^^^^ but no Core, for 'tis all Fulp. The Tree
that bears this Fruit is about thebignefsof
a Quince-tree, with long, fmall, and thick-
fetRnnches fpread much abroad: At the
Extremiiy of here and there one of which
the Fruit grows upon a Stalk of its own
about 9 or 10 Inches long, flender and
tough, and hanging down with its own
weight. A large Tree of this fort does not
bear ufually above 20 or 30 Apples 5 fel-
dom more. This Fruit grows in moft
Countries within the Tropicks, I have
feen of them (tho* I omitted the Dcfcrip-
tion of them before) all over the Weft-
Indies^ both Continent and Iflinds 5 as
alfo in Brazil^ and in the Eaft-Indies,

The Paptih too is found in all thefe
Countries, though I have not hitherto de-
fcrib'd it. It is a Fruit about the bignefs
of a Musk-Melon, hollow as that is, and
much refembling it in Shape and Colour,
both outfide and infide: Only in the mid-
die, inftead of flat Kernels, which the Me-
• Ions have, thefe have a handful of fmall
blackifh Seeds, about the bignefs of Pep-
per-corns 5 whofe Tafte is alfo hot on the
Tongue fomewhat like Pepper. The Fruit
It felf is fwe&t, foft and lufcious, when
ripe ^ but while green 'tis hard and un-
fa vory : tho' even then being boiled and
eaten with Salt-pork or Beef, it fcrves in-
ftead

Papah. Beafis of St. Jago. g^

ftead of Turnips, and is as muchefteemed. An, 1699,
The Papah-Tree is about 10 or 12 Foot ^^^^^
high. The Body near the Ground may
be a Foot and an half or a Foot Diameter^
and it grows up tapering to the top. It
has no Branches at all, but only large
Leaves growing immediately upon Stalks
from the Body. The Leaves are of a •

roundifh Form and jag d about the Edges,
having their Stalks or Stumps longer or
fliorter as they grow near or further from
the top. They begin to fpring from out
of the Body of the Tree at about 6 or 7
Foot heighth from the Ground, the Trunk
being bare below : But above that the
Leaves grow thicker and larger ftill to-
wards ifs Top, where they are clofe and
broad. The Fruit grows only among the
Leaves ^ and thickeft among the thickeft
of them 5 infomuch that towards the top
of the Tree the P ayahs fprings forth from
its Body as thick as they can ftick one by
another. But then lower down, where
the Leaves are thinner, the Fruit is larger^
and of the fize I have defcrib'd : And at
the Top, where they are thick, they are
but fmall,' and no bigger than ordinary
Turnips 5 yet tafted like the refl:.

Their chief Land- Animals are their
Bullocks, which are faid to be many 3
tho' they ask us 20 Dollars apiece for •
them ; They have alfo Horfes, Affes, and

D i Mules

5 6 Animals of St. Jago. Its Road.

All, 1699 *M\Ji\QS, Deer, Goats, Hogs, and black-*
ly^r^ fac'd long-tail'd Monkeys. Of Fowls they
have Cocks and Hens, Ducks, Guinea-
Hens, both tame and wild, Parakites,
Parrots, Pidgeons, Turtle-Dov.es, Herons,
Hawks, Crab catchers, Galdens, (a larger
fort of Crab-catchers) Curlews, &c.
Their Fi(h is the fame as at Mayo and the
reft of thefe Klands, and for the moft part
thefe lOands have the fame Beafts and
Birds alfo -^ But fome of the Ifles have
Pafturage and Employment for fome par-
ticular Beafts more than other ^ and the
Birds are incourag'd, by Woods for ftiel-
tcr, and Maiz and Fruits fir Food, to flock
rather to fome of the lllands (as to this of
St. Jago) than to others.

St. Jago Road is one of the worft that
I have been in. There is not clean
Ground enough for above three Ships ,
and thofe alfo muft lye very near each 0-
ther. One even of thefe muft lye dole
to the Shore, with a Land-faft there:
And that is the beft for a fmall Ship. I
(hould not have come in here if I had not
been told that it was a good fecure place;
but I found it fo much otherways, that I
was in pain to be gone. Captain Barefoot,
who came to an Anchor while I was here,
in foul Ground, loft quickly 2 Anchors -,

and

and I h
Fogo (h
plain, a
and in t
Fire iffu

I. Fogo.

lack*
they
tinea-

kites,
?rons,
larger

ad the
►ft part
ts and
; have
ne par-
nd the
or (hel-
to flock
) this of

and I had loft a fmall one. The Ifland r":^^i99
Fogo (hews its felf from this Road very
plain, at about 7 or 8 Leagues diftance ^'
and in the Night we faw the Flames of
Fire iffuing from its Top.

»rft that

►t clean

Ships ^

each 0-

[ye

clofe

there :

|Ship. I
had not
e place 5
that 1

irefoot,
ras here,
.ttchors ^

CHAP.

3«

The Contents.

An. i699'

CHAP. IL

The A's Deliberation on thi Sequel of
his Voyage ^ and Departure from
St. Jago. Hk Courje ^ and the
Winds^ &c. in crojjing the Line.
Hejiands away for the Bay of All-
Saints in Brazil , and why. His
Arrival on that Coaji and in the
Bay. Of the fei/eral Forts^ the
Road^ Situation^ Torvn^ and Builds
ingf of Eiahia. Of its Go'vernour^
Ships and Merchants ^ and Com-
modities to and front Europe. Clay-
ing of Sugar. The Seajon for the
European Ships^ and Coire Ca-
bles : Of their Gumc2i' trade^ and
of the Coafling'trade^ and W hale-
killing. Of the Inhabitants of Ba-
li ia ^ their carrying in Hammocks \
their Artifcers^ Crane for Goods ^
and Negro - Slaz^es. Of the
Country about Bahia^ its Soil and
Prodiicf. Its Timber 'trees -^ the

Sapi"

el of

from

the

.ine.

All.

His
the
the
\uild'
tiour^
Corn-
Clay-
)r the
2 Ca-

and
^hak"
fBa-

ocks "^
wodsj

the
I and

the
Sapi

The Contents. ^p

Sapicra^ Vermiatico^ Comeflcric^^'^p9
Guitteba^ Serrie^ and Mangro'ves,
the Paji^rd-Coco^ tts Nuts and
Cahles : and the Silk-Cptton^ trees.
Th Brafilian Fruits^ Oranges^ &c.
Of the Sour-fops^ Cailiew's^ a7td
Jennipah's. Of their peculiar
Fruits ^ Arifah's ^ Mcricafah's ^
Petango's^ Pctumbo's^ Munga-
roo's ^ Muckiihaw's ^ Ingwa's^
Otec's^ and Muftcran de ova's.
Of tlje Palm-berries^ Fhyfickmits^
Mendibee's^ d^c. and their Roots
and Herbsy Sec. Of their Wild-
Fowl ^ Maccarvs^ Parrots^ &c.
The Yemma ^ Carrion-Crow and
Chattering-crow ^ BilPbird^ Currefoj
Tnrtle-do've and Wild-pigeons , the
Jenetec^ Clocking-hen^ Crab-catcher ^
Galden^ and black Heron :■ The
Dttcks^ Wigeon and Teal ; and
Ofiriges to the Southward^ and of
the Dunghil-fowls. Of their Cat-
tle^ Horfes^ &c. Leopards a??d
Tiger s. Of their Serpents , the
Kattle-Snake^ [mall Creen-Snake^

Am-

An, I ^9 p.

The A. designs for Brazil.

Amphisbaena ^ imdl Black and
fmall Grey-Snake:^ the great Land^
and the great Water-Snake: And of
the Water-dog. Of their Sea-fipj
and Turtle j and of St. Paul's^
Town.

HAving difpatcli^d my fmall Affairs at
the C, Ferd Iflands, I meditated on
the proccfs of my Voyage. I thought it
requifite to touch once more at a cultivated
Place in thefe Seas, where my Men might
be refrefli'd, and might have a Market
wherein to furni(h themfelves with Ne-
ceffaries : For defigning that my next
Stretch (hoiild be quite to N. Holland, and
knowing that after fo long a Run nothing
was tobeexpefted there bu^ freflh Water,
if I could meet even with that there, I re-
folved upon putting in firft at fome Port
of Brazil^ and to provide my felf there
with whatever I might have further oc-
cafion for. Befide the ref refhing and fur-
nifliing my Men, I aim'd alfo at the inuring
them gradually and by intervals to the Fa-
tigues that were to be expcfted in the re-
mainder of the Voyage, which was to be
in a partof the Worldthey were altogether |
Strangers to ^ none of them, except two
young Men, having ever crofs'd the Lm.\

Witk

The A. departs from St. Jago. 4 1

With this DeGgn J faird from St Jago ^^ »^P9.
on the 22d of Fehrudry, with the Winds at ^""^^^^^^
E. N. E. and N. E. fair Weather, and a
brisk Gale. We fteered away S. S. E. and
S. S. E. half Eaft, till in the Lat. of
7 deg. 50 min. we met with many Rip.
lings in the Sea like a Tide or fkrong Cur-
rent, which fetting againft the Wind
caused fuch a Ripling. We continued to
meet thefe Currents from that Lat. till we
came into the Lat, of 3 ddg. 22 N. when
they ceafed. During this time we faw
fome Boneta's, and Sharks ^ catching one of
thefe. We had the true General Trade-
Wind blowing frefh at N. E. till in the
Lat. of 4 deg. 40 min. N. when the Wind
varied, and we had fmall Gales, with fome
Tornadces. We were then to the Eaft of
St. Jago 4 deg. 54 min. when we got
into Lat. 3 deg. 2 min. N. (where I faid
the Ripling ceas*d) and Long, to the
Eaft of St. Jago 5 deg. 2 min. we had the
Wind whiffling between the S. by E. and
E. by N. fmall Gales, frequent Calms,
very black Clouds, with much Rain. In
the Lat. of 3 deg. 8 min. N. and Long.E,
from St, Jago 5 deg. 8 min. we had th^
Wind from the S. S. E. to the N. N. E-
faint, and often interrupted with Calms.
While wc had Calms we had the opportu-
nity of trying the Current we had met
with hitherto, and found that it fet N. B.

4^ The A. crojfes the Line.

f^l^J^ by E. half a Knot, which is 12 mile ia
^^^'^^ 24 hours: So that here it ran at the Rate
of half a mile an hour, and had been
much ftronger before. The Rains held
ns by intervals till the Lat. of i deg.
o min. N. with fmall Gales of Wind be-
tween S. S, E. and S. E. by E. and fome-
times calm: Afterwards we had the Wind
between the S. & S. S. E. till we crofs'd
the Line, fmall Winds, Calms, and pretty
fair Weather. We faw but few Fi(h be-
fide Porpofes ^ but of them a great many,
and ftruck one of them.

It was the loth of March, about" the
time of the Eqmnox^ when we crofs'd the
EtjPtator, having had all along from the
Lat. of 4 dc^. 4c min. N. where the True
Trade Wind left us, a great fwell out of
the S. E. and but fmall uncertain Gales,
moftly Southerly, fo that we crept to the
Southward but ilowly. I kept up againft
thefe as well as I could to the Southward,
and when we had now and then a flurry of
Wind atE^ I ftill went away due South,
purpofely to get to the Southward as faft
as I could 5 for while near the Line I expe-
fted to have but uncertain Winds, fre-
quent Calms, Rains, Tornadoes, &c,
which would not only retard myCourfe,
but endanger Sicknefs alfo among my Men :
efpccially thofe who were ill provided with
tptaaths, or were too laisy to (hift them-
. felvcs

Obfei

felves \
Rains,
them c!
Dramc
wet, w
they Wi
Hammc
that wi
fmell V
Hammc
think tl
Care of
efpecial
Month
Rains,
jane, ^
Wha
rents, V
is chiefl
I have 1:
thefe M
the Lin(

in the \
p. 5, 6,
very m
of this
in fever
in my
fay this
that Tl
had ab
rely uf

Obferuations for crofflng the Line. 42

felves when they were drenched with the ^« i^p^
Rains. The Heat of the Weather made '-^^^'''^
them carelefs of doing this 5 but taking a
Dram of Brandy, which I gave them when
wet, with a Charge to (hift themfelves,
they would however lye down in their
Hammocks with their Wet Cloaths 5 fo
that when they turn'd out they caused an ill
fmell where-ever they came, and their
Hammocks would ftinkfufficiently^ that I
think the Remedying of this is worth the
Care of Commanders that crofs the Line 5
efpecially when they arc, it may be, a
Month or more e'er they get out of the
Rains, at fometimes of the Year, as in
june^ jfily, or Augttft,

What I have here faid about the Cur*
rents. Winds, Calms, &c, in this Paffage,
is chiefly for the farther illuftration of what
I have heretofore obferv'd in general about
thefe Matters, and efpecially as to Crofiing
theLine,inmy Difcourfeofthe Winds ^ &c.
in the Torrid Zone : [See Vol. IL Part 3.
p. 5, 6.] Which Obfervations I have had
very much confirmed to me in the Coucfe
of this Voyage 5 and I (hall particulariis
in feveral of the chief of them as they come
in my Way. And indeed I think I may
fay this of the main of the Obfervations in
that Treatife, that the clear fatisfadion I
had about them, and how much I might
rely upon them, was a great Eafe to my

Mind

m»^

1>/^V\^'

44 The A. dcfigns for Pernambuc.

-411;^ 1^99. Mind during this Vexatious Voyage 5
' ^^ wherein the Ignorance, and Obftinacy
withal, of fome under me, occafion d mc
a great deal of Trouble : Tho* they found
all along, and were often forc*d to ac»
knowledge it, that I was feldom out in
my Conjeftures, when I told them ufually
before-hand what Winds, &c, we (hould
meet w?th at fuch or fucli particular places
'v^ Uiould come at.

\r jvnambuc was the Port that I defigned
for at L y firft fetting out from 5/. J ago ^ it
being a place moft proper for my purpofe,
by reafon of its Situation, lying near the
Extremity of C. St, Attguflwe^ the Eaftern-
moft Promontory of Brazil ^ by which
means it not only enjoys the greater bene-
fit of the Sea-breezes, and is confequently
more healthy than other Places to the
Southward, but is withal lefs fubjeft to
the Southerly Coafting-Trade-winds, that
blow half the Year on this Shore ^ which
were now drawing on, and might be
troublefome to me; So that I might both
hope to reach fooneft Femambnc^ as moft
4lreftly and neareft in my Run ^ and might
thence alfo more eafily get away to the
Southward than from Bahia de Taclos hs
Santos^ or RU Jatieha,

But notwithftanding thefe Advantages

I propos'd to my felf in going to Femambuc^

I was foQi) put by that Defigo through the

i re-

And why he quitted that Defign. 45

refraftorinefs of ibme under me, and^'i^j^'
the Difcontents and Backwardnefs of*"^"^^
Come of my Men. For the Calms
and Shiftings of Winds which I met
with, as 1 was to expeft, in eroding
the Line, made them, who were un-
acquainted with thefe Matters, almoft
heartlefs as to the purfuit of the Voyage,
as thinking wc (hould never be able to
weather Cape St. AugHJiwe : And though
I told them that by that time we
fhould get to about three Degrees
South of the Line, we {houlc again
have a true brisk general liade-Wind
from the North-Eaft, that would carry
us to what part of Brazil we pleased,
yet they would not believe it till they
found it fo. This, with fome other un-
forefecn Accidents, not neceffary to be
mention'd in this place, meeting with
the Averfion of my Men to a long
unknown Voyage, made me juftly ap-
prehenfive of their Revolting, and
was a great Trouble and Hindrance to
me. So that I was obliged partly to
alter my Meafures , and met with ma-
ny Difficulties, the Particulars of which
I Ihall not trouble the Reader with :
But I mention thus much of it in ge-
neral for my own neceffary Vindica-
tion, m ray taking fuch meafures fome-

times

4^ He tefohes for the J5. of All-Saints.

-An. 1699. times for profecuting the Voyage as the
'•^^^^^''^ ftate of my Ships Crew , rather than
my own Judgment and Experience, de-
termined me to. The Diforders of my
Ship made me think at prefent that
Perndwbuc would not be fo fit a place
for me ^ being told that Ships ride there
two or three Leagues from the Town,
under the Command of no Forts 5 fo
that whenever I fliould have been a-
fhore it might have been eafie for my
difcontented Crew to have cut or flipt
their Cables, and have gone away from
me : Many of them difcovering already
an intention to return to Efjgland^ and
fome of them declaring openly that
they would go no further onwards than
Brdzil. I altcr'd my Courfe therefore,
and ftood away for Bahh de todos los
Santos^ or the Bay of all Saints , where
I hop'd to have the Governour's help, if
need fhould require, for fecuring my Ship
from any fuch mutinous Attempt 5 being
forced to keep my felf all the way upon my
Guard, and to lie with my Officers, fuch
as I could truft, and with fmall Arms
upon the Quarter-Deck 5 it fcarce be-
ing fafe for me to lie in my Cabbin, by
rcafon of the Difcontents among my
Men.

Arrifval at Brazil. j^y

On the 25d oi March we faw the Land ^^- ^^99
of Brdzil ^ having had thither, from the ^^^'^^''^•
time when we crime into the true Trade-
Wind again after eroding the Line, very
fair Weather and brisk Gales, moftly atE.
N. E. The Land we faw was about 20
Leagues to the North of Bahia ^ fo I coaft-
ed p.!oiig Shore to the Southward. This
Coaft is rather low than high, with Sandy-
Bays all along by the Sea.

A little within Land are many very
whiteSpots of Sand, appearing likeSnow^
and the Coaft looks very pleafant, being
checkered with Woods and Savannahs. The
Trees in general are not tall ^ but they
are green and flourifliing. There are ma-
ny fmall Houfes by the Sea-fide, whofe
Inhabitants are chiefly Fiftiermen. They
come off to Sea on Barklogs, made of fe-
veral Logs faften'd fide to fide, that have
one or two Marts with Sails to them.
There arc two Men in each Barklog, one
at either end, having fmall low Benches,
raifcd a little above the Logs, to fit and
fifti on, and two Baskets hanging up at
the Maft or Mafts ^ one to put their Pro-
vifions in, the other for their Fi(h. Many
of thefe were a-fi(hing now, and two of
them came aboard , of whom I bought
fome Fifli. In the Afternoon ive failed by
one very remarkable piece of Land, where,
^vi a fmall pleafant Hill , there was a

Church

4^ The A. amhord at Baliia de T. S.

An. 1699. Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Sec
^^^^^'^^^ a Sight of fomc parrs of this Coaft [Table
III. No. I, 2, 3, 4, 5.] and of the Hill the
Church Itands on [Table III. N% i.]

I coafted along till the Evening, and
then brought to, and lay by till the next
Morning. About 2 hours after we were
brought to, there came a Sail out of the
Offin (from Seaward) and lay by about a
Mile to Windward of us, and fo lay all
Night. In the Morning, upon fpcaking
with her, (he proved to be a Portitgmze
Ship bound to Bahia-^ therefore I fentmy
Boat aboard and defired to have one of his
Mates to Pilot me in: He anfwer*d, That
he had not a Mate capable of it, but that
he would Sail in before me, and (hew me
the way ^ and that if Jie went into the
Harbour in the Night, he would hangout
a Light for me. He faid we had not far
in, and might reach it before Night with a
tolerable Gale^ but that with fo fmallan
one as now we had we could not do it : So
we jog'd on till Night, and then he ac-
cordingly hung out his Light,, which w«
(leered after, founding as we went in. I
kept all my Men on Deck, and had an
Anchor ready to let go on occafion. We
had the Tide of Ebb againft us, fo that
we went in but (lowly 5 and it was about
the middle of the Night when we Anchored.
Immediately the PortHgm%c Mafter came

aboard

an
We
Ithat

)Ollt

tame
>ard

tahUnt

1F»

Cone*ptum, efy VX^try

Brazil T ^8

Thd. Lan^ to J/ Somh'ward of V Cfntpp^t^
aetna Jvr ^txhta.

.y..rM.i;f.J,'ii'/.i.

a^tttt afyXand

X^JiJ.

' °' (lA.) ta^Jvtcthtvard. of y l^iMe. XrOttd., at tihvtctyZ . dijl :

K t>.^ 4-JS fi-om th^ :tahle _

^fL ' ^ *^^ — JC.S.Z

ab6ard
Thanks
found n
Gentlcn
both he
ready to
Place fh
Miles iu
general I
my Peo|
made qk
Govcrnc
and rid
of their
abou, io
I'erviL:.
the Supe
it is to a
Ships thi
mil mo.
chor rigl
part of t
of Ships
Fort thai
the Shon
and the
we lay a
Bahia
deg. S.
in Brdzu
of its Bu

Revenue

_ *

The A. anchors at Bahia. ^p

aboard to fee me, to whom I returned ^/». 16^9.'.
Thanks for his Civilities 5 and indeed I^-'^'VNi
found much refpeft, not only from this
Gentleman, but from all of that Nation
both here and in Other Places, who were
ready to ferve me on all OccaGons. The
Place that we Anchored in was about two
Miles from the Harbour where the Ships
generally ride ^ but the Fear I had leaft
my People (liould run away with the Ship
m.ide me haften to get a Licence from the
Governour, to run up into the Harbour,
and ride among their Ships, clofe by one
of their Forts. vSo on the 25 th of March
abou. i o a Clock in the Morning, the Tide
ierviiij^, I went thither, being Piloted by
the Super-intcndant there, whofe bufinefs
it is to carry up all the King of PortugaVs
Ships that come hither, and to fee them
\vell moored. He brought us to an An-
chor right againfl: the Town, at the outer
part of the Harbour, which was then full
of Ships, within 150 yards of a fmall
Fort that ftands on a Rock half a mile from
the Shore. See a Profpedl of the Harbour
and the Town, as it appear'd to us while
we lay at Anchor, [Table III. N% 5.]

Bahia de toclos los Santos lies in Lat. 15
deg. S. It is the moft confiderable Town
in Brazil^ whether in refpeft of the Beauty
of its Buildings, its Bulk, or its Trade and
ivcvenue. It has the convenience of a

good

•*?

5°

Bahia Harbour and Forts.

An. \699* good Harbouf that is capable of receiving
'^-^^"^ Ships of the greateft Burthen : The En-
trance of which is guarded with a ftrong
Fort (landing without the Harbour, call'd
St. Antonio: A Sight of which I have gi-
ven I^Table HI. N , 4.] as it appeared to
us the Afternoon before we came in ^ and
its Lights (which they hang out purpofe-
ly for Ships) we faw the fame Night.
There are other fmaller Forts that com-
mand the Harbour, one of which ftands on
a Rock in the Sea, about half a Mile from
the Shore. Clofe by this Fort all Ships
muft pafs that Anchor here, and muft ride
alfo within half a mile of it at fartheft
between this and another Fort (that ftands
on a point at the inner part of the Har-
bour and is called the Dutch Fort) but muft
ride neareft to the former, all along againft
the Town : Where there is good holding
Ground, and lefs expofed to the Southerly
Winds that blow very hard here. They
commonly fet in about Aprils but blow
hardeft in May^ June^ July and Au^up^ :
But the place where the Ships ride is ex-
pofed to thefe Winds not above 5 points
of the Com pafs.

Befide thefe, there is another Fort front-
ing the Harbour, and ftandingon the Hill
upon which the Town ftands. The
Town it fclf cofinfts of about 2000 Houfes;
the major part of which cannot be feen

from

from tl

in fight

tween t

Hill, m

maybe

N% 50

Then

Chapels

Nuaner'

thedral,

the chie

hour; S.

rifh-Chu

and the

of Car me

by the S(

land, an

Prayers 5

at the f

which ru

third Ch

the Tow

Hofpital

Nunnery

Town ne

there are

bifliop, '

Town 3 s

Stone-bui

Sea, tho'

in: Both

Plantatic

ive gt-
red to
15 and
irpofe-
Night.
t com-
ndson
le from
11 Ships
uft ride
fartheft
: (lands
fc Har-
utmuft
agamfl
lolding
utherly
They
t blow

Hfuft :

le is ex-
points

t front-
he Hill

The
^oufes;
be feen

from

Bahia Town defcrib*d. 5 i

from the Harbour 5 but fo many as appear ^«- 1^99*
in fight, with a great mixture of Trees be- ^^^V'^s-
tween them, and all placed on a rifing
Hill, make a very pleafant Profpeft 5 as
may be judg'd by the Draught, [Table IIF.

N^ 5.]

There are in the Town 13 Churches,
Chapels, Hofpitals, Convents, befide one
Nunnery s^ viz, the Ecclefi/t Major or Ca-
thedral, th^ Jefuits College, which are
the chief, and both in fight from the Har-
bour: St. Afttomo^ Std. Barbara^ both Pa- *
riOi-Churches ^ the Fraftcifcdns Church ,
and the Domimcans ^ and two Convents
oi Carmelites ^ a Chapel for Seamen clofe
by the Sea-fide, where Boats commonly
land, and the Seamen go immediately to
Prayers^ another Chapel for poor People,
at the farther end of the fame Street,
which runs along by the Shore 5 and a
third Chapel for Soldiers, at the edge of
the Town, remote from the Sea 5 and an
Hofpital ii the middle of the Town. The
Nunnery ftands at the outer-edge of the
Town next the Fields, wherein by Report
there are 70 Nuns. Here lives an Arch-
bifliop, who has a fine Palace in the
Town 5 and the Governor's Palace is a fair
Stone-building, and looks hand fome to the
Sea, tho' but indifferently furnifli'd with-
in: l^xh Spaniards 2LViA Portuguezem their
Plantations abroad, as I have generally

E 55 cib-

■■■%

isiii ■■» . i

■t ' •

^'Cl

I,;.'

'the Go<vernoHr and Soldiers.

M, i^pp.obferv'd, affefl-ing to have large Houi'es;

i/VNj j^^jj. ^^^ ij^i-j^ curious about FLrt-tare, ex-
cept Pifturcs fome of thcra. ih? K^oufes
of the Town are 2 or 3 Stories high, the
Walls thick and ftrong, being built with
Stone, with a Covering of Pantile ^ and
many /of them have Balconies. The prin-
cipal Streets are large, and all of them
pav'd or pitch'd with fmall Stones. There
are alfo Parades in the moft eminent Places
of the Town, and many G3rdens, as well
within the Town as m the Out-parts of it,
wherein are Fruit-trees, Herbs, Salladings
and Flowers in great variety, but ordcr'd
with no great Care nor Art.

The Governor who refides here iscalTd
Dof} Johndc Laficajiario^ being defcended,
as they fay, from our EngUjh Lancajler Fa-
mily:, and he has a refpeft for our Nation
on that account, calling them his Country-
men. ! wai^^ed on him feveral times, and
always found liim very courteous and civil.
He(e are about 400 Soldiers in Garrifon.
They commonly draw up and exercife in
a 1 arge Parade before the Governors Hou fc;
and many of them attend him when he
goes abroad. The Soldiers are decently
clad in brown Linen, which in thefe hot
Countries is far better than Woollen^ but
I never faw any clad in Linen but only
thcfe. Befide the Soldiers in Pay, h:can
foon have fome thoufands of Men up in

Arms

Anns o
the Skir
betwcei
Church
:?coo B
it feldoi
but 80.
Soldiers
ing out

Agre
at Bahu
I found
Europe^
Ships o:
two Shi
either tc
on the C
fmall Cr
this Co.
one part

Thel^
to be Pv
Slaves ir
Women.
giieze^ F
merce u
Cock an
Gentlem
a Patent
not care
Chrinfte

■r. •■» '•

ajt

•^%

The M''rrhants of Bahia.

uies ;

1, the
t with

^ and
t prin-

them
There
Places
as well
ts of it,
ladings
ordcr'd

iscalVd
cended,
tfler Fa-
Nation
ountry-
les, and
.id civil,
arrifon.
rcife in
Hoiifc^
hen he
ecently
efe hot
m^ but
jut only
h:can

[n up 5n

Arms

Anns on occafion. The Magazine iS on ^
the Skirts of the Town, on a fniali \An%
between the* Nunnery and the Soldiers
Church, Tis big enough to hold 2 or
^000 Barrels of Powder 3 but I was told
it feldom has more than 100, fometimes
but 80. There are always a Band of
Soldiers to guard it, and Centinels look-
ing out both Day and Night.

A great many Merchants always refide
at BahU ^ for 'tis a place of great Trade :
I found here above 50 great Ships from ^
Europe^ with two of the King of Portugal's
Ships of War for their Conv^oy ^ befide
two Ships that Traded to Africa only,
either to Angola, Gamba, or other Places
on the Coafk of Gnwea ^ and abundance of
fmall Craft, that only run to and fro on
thi$ Coaft, carrying Commodities from
one part of Brazil to another.

The Merchants that live here are faid
to be Pvich, and to have many Negro-
Slaves in their Houfes, both of Men and
Women. Themfelves are chiefly Portu-
gueze^ Foreigners having but little Com-
merce with them ^ yet here was one Mr,
Cock an EtJglijJj Merchant, a very civil
Gentleman and of good Repute. . He h\id
a Patent to be our ErtgUfl} Conful, but did
not care to take upon him any Publick
Chnnfter. becaufe EngliJI) Ships feldom
c ' aither, here having been none in 1 1

E 3 or

1699.

;■' -iii

10-

ilRk.. .>«,,:

wmm

154 Commodities from and to Europe.

i4ff. 1 5p9. or 12 Years before this time. Here was
^^^"^^''^ alfo a Dane^ and a French Merchant or two 3
but all have their EfFeC^s tranfported to
and from Europe in Portngueze Ships, none
of any other Nation being admitted to
Trade hither. There is a Cuftom-hoiife
by the Sea-fide, where all Goods imported
or exported are entred. And to prevent
Abufes there are 5 or 6 Boats that take
their turns to row about the Harbour,
fearching any Boats they fufpefl: to be
running of Goods.

The chief Commodities that the £«*
ropean Ships bring hither, are Linnen-
cloaths, both courfe and fine 5 fome Wool-
lens alfo, as Bays, Searges, Perpetuana*s,
&c\ Hats, Stockings, both of Silk and
Thread , BUket-bread , Wheat-flower ,
Wine fchiefly Fort) Oyl-OIive, Butter,
Cheefe, &c. and Salt-beef and Pork would
there alfo be good Commodities. They
bring hither allfo Iron, and all forts of Iron-
Tools 5 Pewter- Veflels of all forts, as
Difhes, Plates, Spoons, &c. Looking-
glaffes. Beads, and other Toys 5 and the
Ships that touch at 5/. J ago bring thence,
m I faid, Cotton-cloath, which is after-
wards lent to Angola.

The European Ships carry from hence
Sagar, Tobacco, either in Roll or Snuff,
never in Leaf, that I know of; Thefe are
the Staple Commodities. Befides which,

here

here an

Woods

Brazil^

Hides,

&c. h

Parrots,

men car

The?

ter than

our PJar

made be

and finei

our unre

refine an

little to 1

Friends i

it is by ta

mixing it

With thi

that are f

bythedr

Firft fcra

theSugai

hinder tfl

mg thffoi]

refining i

10 or 12

quor lies

Water wl

it 5 and t

grow har

off at pie

c was
rtwo3
ed to
, none
ted to
■hoiifc
ported
irevent
at take
irbour,
: to be

he Eh^
Jnnen-
: Wool-

tuanas,

Ik and

flower ,

Butter,

would

They

f Iron-

>rts, as

)oking-

md the

I thence,

after-

hence

Snuff,

lefe are

which,

here

Claying of Sugar. 55

here are Dye-woods, as Fuftick, €^r. with-^V^*
Woods for other ufes, as fpeckled Wood, ^'^^^^
Brazil^ &c. They alfo carry home raw
Hides, Tallow, Train-^Oyl of Whales,
C^c. Here are alfo kept tame Monkeys,
Parrots, Parakites, &c. which the Sea-
men carry home.

The Sugar of this Country is much bet-
ter than that which we bring home from
our Plantations : For all the Sugar that is
made here is clay*d, which makes it whiter
and finer than our Mufcovada, as we call
our unrefin'd Sugar. Our Planters feJdom
refine any with Clay, unlefs fometimes a
little to fend home as Prefents for their
Friends in England. Their way of doing
it is by taking fome of the whiteft Clay and
mixing it with Water, till 'tis like Cream.
With this they fill up the Pans of Sugar,
that are funk 2 or 3 Inches below the Brim
by the draining of the Moloffes out of it :
Firft fcraping off the thin hard Cruft of
the Sugar that lies at the top, and would
hinder the Water of the Clay from foak-
ing through the Sugar of the Pan. The
refining is made by this Percolation. For
10 or 12 days time that the Clayifh Li-
quor lies foaking down the Pan, the white
Water wbitem the Sugar as it pj^ffes thro*
it'j and thegrofs Body of the Clay it felf
grow hard on the top, and may be taken
off at pleafure^ when fcraping off with a

E 4 Knife

11;

I *

If:

5 6 Seafon for European Ships.

An. 1^99- Knife the very upper part of the Sugar,
^"^^^^^ which will be a little fullied, that which
is underneath will be White almoft to the
bottom : And fuch as is called Brazil Sugar
is thus Whitened. When \ was here this
Sugar was fold for 50 /. per 100 tb, and the
Bottoms of the Pots, which is very courfe
Sugar,for about 20s. per loo'i^. both forts
being then fcarce -^ for here was not enough
to lade the Ships, and therefore fome of
them were to lye here till the next Sea-
fon.

The European Ships commonly arrive
here in Vebmary or March, and they have
generally quick Paffages ^ finding at that
time of the Year brisk Gales to bring them
to the Line, little Trouble, then, in crof-
fing it, and brisk E. N. E. Winds after-
wards to bring them hither. They com-
monly return from hence about the latter
endofM^^, or in 7«w^' Twasfaidwhen
J was here that the Ships would Sail hence
the 20th day of M4J/5 ami therefore they
were all very bufy, fome in taking in their
Goods, others in Careening and making
themfelves ready. The Ships that come
hither ufually Careen at their firft coming ^
here being a Hulk belonging to the King
for that purpofe. This Hulk is under the
charge of the Superintendent I fpoke of,
who has a certain Sum of Mony for every
Ship that Careens by her. He alfo pro-
vides

) Sugar,
t which
t to the
i7 Sugar
ere this
and the
r courfe
)th forts
enough
bme of
ext Sea-

f arrive
ley have
, at that
ngthein
in crof-
iS after-
ey com-
ic latter
id when
il hence
)re they
in their
making
at come
:oming;
he King
ider the
3()ke ot,
)r every
Ifo pro-
vides

Guinea-Tr^^e. Coajiing- trade. ty

vides Firing and other Neceffaries for that An. 1699.
purpofe : And the Ships do commonly ^^^^^"^
hire of the Merchants here each 2 Cables
to moor by all the time they lye here, and
fo fi.*'e their own Hempen Cables 5 for
thefe arc made of a fort of Hair, that
gi ows on a certain kind of Trees, hanging
down from the Top of their Bodies, and
is very like the Mack Coyre in the B,aji*
Indies, if not the fame. Thefe Cables
are ftrong and lading : And fo much for
the European Ships.

The Ships that ufe the G/z/Ve^-Trade
are fmall Veffels in comparifonof thefor*^
men They carry out from hence Rum,
Sugar, the Cotton- cloaths of St. Jago^
Beads, &c* and bring in return, Gold,
Ivory, and Slaves ; making very good
returns.

The fmall Craft that belong to this
Town are chiefly imployed in carrying
European Goods from BahU., the Center of
the Brafilian Trade, to the other Places on
this Coaft^ bringing back hither Sugar,
Tobacco, &c. They are Sailed chiefly
with Negro-Slaves ^ and about Chrijlmas
thefe are moftly imployed in Whale-kil-
iing : For about that time of the Year a fort
of Whales, as they call them, are very thick
on this Coafl:. They come in alfo into the
Harbours and inland Lakes, where the
Seamen go out and kill them. The Fat qf

them

^/W'

58 IVhalc'OiL Shipph/g.

;^^5^^.thcm is boiled to Oil 3 the F.ean is eaten
by the Slaves and poor people : And I was
told by one that had frequently eaten of it,
that the Flefli was very fweet and wholes
fome. Thefe are fa id to be but fmall
Whales : Yet here are fo many, and fo
cafily kiird, that tbey get a great deal of
Mony by it. Tho(e that ftrike them hvw
their Licenfe for it of the King ; And I
was inform'd that he receives 30000 Dol-
lars />er -4»»^^» for this Fifhery. All the
fmall Veffels that ufe this Coafting Traf-
fick are built here 5 and fo are fome Men
of War alfo for the King's Service. There
was one a building when I was here, a Ship
of 40 or 50 Guns : And the Timber of
this Country is very good and proper for
this purpofe. I was told it was very ftrong,
and more durable than any we have in
Europe: And they have enough of it. As
for their Ships that ufe the £«r<?peii» Trade,
fome of them that I faw there were E^g-
lijh built, taken from us by the French du-
ring the late War, and fold by them to the
FortHgnefe,

Befides Merchants and others that trade
by Sea from this Port, here are other pret-
ty Wealthy Men, and feveral Artificers
and Trades-men of mod forts, who by
Labour and Induftry maintain themfclves
very well ^ efpecially fuch as can arrive at
the pur<:hafe of a Negro-Slave or two.

And

Carriage in Hammocks . 5p

And indeed, excepting people of the low- ^n 1699.
eft degree of all, here are fcarce any but '-"^^^^^^
what keep Slaves in their Houfes. The
Richer Sort, befides the Slaves of both
Sexes whom they keep forfervile Ufes in
their Houfes, have Men Slaves who wait
on them abroad, for State ^ either run-
ning by their Horfe-fides when they ride
out, or to carry them to and fro on
their Shoulders in the Town when they
make (hort ViGts near home. Every Gen-
tleman or Merchant is provided with
Things neceffary for this fort of Carriage.
The main Thing is a pretty large Cotton
Hammock of the Weji-Iftdia fa(hion, but
moftly died Blue, with large Fringes of the
fame, hanging down on each fide. This
is carried on the Negro's Shoulders by the
help of a Bambo about 1 2 or 14 Foot long,
to which the Hammock is hung 5 and a
Covering comes over the Pole, hanging
down on each fide like a Curtain: So that
the perfon fo carry *d cannot be feen unlefs
he pleafes 5 but may either lye down, ha-
ving Pillows for his Head 5 or may fit up
by being a little fupported with thefe Pil-
lows , and by letting both his Legs hang
out over one fide of the Hammock.When
he hath a mind to be feen he puts by his
Curtain, and falutes every one of his Ac-
quaintance whom he meets in the Streets 5
for they take a piece of Pride in greeting

one

II ii

Xf"^'

.<^^

J^.^

v^.

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET {MT-3)

1.0

1.1

11.25

Ui|2£ |25
■^ Uii 12.2

U Hi

I .« IBS

'•^

Hiotographic

Sdences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

60 Artijicers, Butchers^ &c.

An. 1599. one another from their Hammocks, and
^■'^^^^^^ will hold long Conferences thus in the
Street : But then their two Slaves who
carry the Hammock have each a ftrong
well-made Staff, with a fine Iron Fork at
the upper end, and a (harp Iron below,
like the Reft for a Mnsket, which they
ftick faft in the Ground, and let the Pole
or Bambo of the Hammock reft upon
them, till their Mafters Bufinefs or the
Complement is over. There is fcarce a
Man of any fafhion, efpecially a Woman,
will pafs the Streets but fo carried in a
Hammock. The chief Mechanick Traders
here, arc Smiths, Hatters, Shoemakers,
Tanners, Sawyers, Carpenters, Coopers,
&€. Here are alfo Taylors, Butchers,' €^r.
which laft kill the Bullocks very dexte-
roufly, flicking them at one Blow with a
(harp-pointed Knife in the Nape of the
Neck, having firft drawn them clofe to a
Rail ^ but they drefs them very flovenly.
It being Lent when f came hither, there
was no buying any Flefh till Eajler-Eve^
when a great number of Bullocks were
kiird at once in the Slaughter-houfes
within the Town, Men, Women and
Children flocking thither with great Joy
to buy, and a Multitude of Dogs, almoft
ftarv*d, following thera ^ for whom the
Meat feem'd fitteft, it was fo Lean. All
thefc Trades- men buy iV(?gr(?*s, a.nd train

them

N(^gro's. Crane for Goods. 6 r

them up to their feveral Employments, -^n- ><^9^
which is a great help to them ; and they '''^^''^'
having fo frequent Trade to Af7gola^ and
other parts of G///Ve^,theyhaveaconftant
Supply of Blacks both for their Plantations
and Town. Thefe Slaves are very ufeful •
in thisPlace for Carriage, as Porters ^ for
as here is a great Trade by Sea, and the
Landing-place is at the foot of a Hill, too
fteep for drawing with Carts, fo there is
great need of Slaves to carry Goods up
into the Town, efpecially for the inferioiir
fort : But the Merchants have alfo the
Convenience of a great Crane that goes
with Ropes or Pullees, one end of which
goes up while the other, goes down. The
Houfe in wTiich this Crane is ftands on the
Brow of the Hill towards the Sea, hanging ^
over the Precipice : and there are Planks
fet (helving againft the Bank from thence
to the bottom,againft which the Goods lean
or Aide as they arehoifted up or letdown.
The JVegm-Slaves in this Town are fo nu-
merous, that they make up the greateft
part or bulk of the Inhabitants : Every
Houfe, as I faid, having fome, both Men
and Women, of them. Many of the Por-
tttguefe^ who are Batchelors, keep of thefc
black Women for Miffes, tho* they know
the danger they are in of being poyfon'd
by them,jif ever they give them any occa-
•fion of Jealou fy . A Gentleman of my Ac*

quaintance.

1 ^

f;i

I ,"

; ;'

62 The Country about Bahia.

■An. lefpp. quaintance , who had been familiar
L/^/V) ^jfjj |jJ3 Cook-maid, lay under fomc fuch

Apprehenfions from her when I was there.
Thefe Slaves alfo of either Sex will eafily
be engaged to do any fort of Mifchief ^
• even to murder, if they are hired to do it,
efpecially in the night : for which Reafon,
I kept my Men on board as much as I
could 5 for one of the Freftch King's Ships
being here, had feveral Men murther*d by
them in the night, as I was credibly in*
form'd.

Having given this account of the Town
of Bahia, I (hall next fay fomewhat of
the Country. There is a Salt-water Lake
runs forty Leaguejs, as I was told, up the
Country, N. W. from the Sea, leaving
^ the Town and Dutch Fort on the Star-
board fide. The Country all round a-
bout is for the moft part a pretty flat e-
ven Ground, not high, nor yet very low :
It is well water'd with Rivers, Brooks
and Springs 3 neither wants it for good
Harbours, Navigable Creeks, and good
Bays for Ships to ride in. The Soil in
general is good, naturally prodqcing very
large Trees of diver forts, and fit for any
ufes. The Savannahs alfo are leaden with
Grafs, Herbs, and many fores of fmaller
Vegetables 5 and being cultivated,produce
any thing that is proper for thofe hot
Countries, as Sugar-Canes, Cotton, Indi*

CO*

CO,

ral

Ifli

itp

pan

wif(

Gni

to I

fort

div(

The Brafilian Trees^ Sec.

CO, Tobacco, Maiz, Fruit-Trees of feve- An. 1699
ral kinds, and eatable Roots of all forts. ^^'"VVi-
Of the feveral kinds of Trees that are here,
I (hall give an account of fome, as I had
it partly from an Inhabitant of Bdhia^ and
partly from my knowledge of them other-
wife, viz. Sapiera^ Vermiaiico^ Comejjerie^
Gnittebay Serrie^ as they were pronounc'd
to mc, three forts of Mangrove^ fpeckled
Wood, Fuftick, Cotton-Trees of three
forts, &c. together with Fruit-Trees of
divers forts that grow wild, befide fuch
as are planted.

Of Timber-Trees, the Sapierats faid to
be large and tall 5 it is very good Timber,
and is made ufe of in building of Houfes ^
fo is the Vermiatico^ a tall ftreight-bodied
Tree, of which they make Plank 2 Foot
broad \ and they alfo make Canoa's with
it. Cofkejferie and Gmtteha are chiefly u-
fed in builaing Ships 5 thefe are as much
efteem*d here as Oaks are in England, and
they fay either fort is harder and more
durable than Oak. The Serrie is a fort
of Tree much like Elm, very durable in
Water. Here are alfo all the three forts
of Mangrove Trees, viz. the Red, the
White, and the Black, which I have de-
fcribed \yol. I p. 54.3 The Bark of the
Red Mangrove, is here us'd for Tanning
of Leather, »nd they have great Tan-pits
for it* The Black Mangrove grows lar-
ger

^4 BaJiard'Coco. Silk^Cottou, •

^'^99'gtt here than in the Weji-Ifjclks^ and oi

^*^^^ "* it they make good Plank. The White

Mangrove is larger and tougher than in

the Weft- Iftdiej-^ of thefc they make Malts

and Yards for Barks.

There grow here wild or baftard Co-
co-Nut Trees, neither fo large nor fo tali
as the common ones in the Eaft or Weft-
Mies.' They bear Nuts as the others, but
not a quarter fo big as the right Coco-
Nuts. The Shell is full of Kernel, with-
out any hollow Place or Water in it 5 and
the Kernel is fweet and wholefome, but
very hard both for the Teeth and for Di-
geftion. Thefe Nuts are in much efteem
for making Beads for Pater-mfters, Boles
of Tobacco-pipes, and other Toys : and
every fmall Shop here has a great many of
them to fell. At the top. of thefe Baftard
Coco-trees, among the Branches, there
' grows a fort of long black Thread like
Horfe hair, but much longer, which by
the Fortugnefe is called Trefabon Of this
they make Cables which are very fervice-
able, ftrongand lafting^ for they will not
rot as Cables made of Hemp, tho* they ly
expofed both to Wet and Heat, Thefe
are the Cables which I faid they keep hi
their Harbours here, to let to hire to Euro"
fcan Ships, and refemble the Coyre^Cahles.
Here are three forts of Cotton Trees that
bear Sijk-Cotton. One fort is fuch as I

have

nd of
Vhitc
an in

Malts

dCo-
fo tall
Weft'
rs, but
Coco-
with-
1 5 and
le, but
'or Di-
efteem
Boles
1 : and
lany of
iaftard
there
d like
ich by
3f this
ervice*
vlll not
they ly
Thele
keep in

Cables,
cesthat
h as I
have

tofton-Tre^ ^/Brazil. ^5

have formerly defcrib*d, [Vol. I. p. ^^SOfj^J^*
by the Name of the Cotton-tree. The ^^'^^^^^^
other two forts I never faw any where but
here. The Trees of thefe latter forts
are but fmall in comparifon of the former,
which are reckoned the biggefl: in all the
Weft-India Woods ^ yet are however of a
good bignefs and hefghth. One of thefe
lad forts is not fo full of Branches as the
other of them 5 neither do they produce
their Fruit the fame time of the Year :
For one fprt had its Fruit jiift ripe, and
was fliedding its Leaves while the other
fort was yet green, and its Fruit fmall and
growing, havii.g but newly done bloffom-
ing', the Tree being as full of young Fruit
as an Apple-Tree ordinarily in England.
thefe laft yield very largePods, about 6
Inches long, and as big as a Man's Arm.
It i$ ripe in September and OSoher 5 then
the Pod opens, and the Cotton burftsout
in a great Lump as big as a Man's Head.
They gather thefe Pods before they open:
btherways it would fly all away. It
opens as well after 'tis gathered 5 and then
they take out the Cotton, and preferve it
to fill Pillows alid Bolfters, for which ufe
lis very much efteemed : But 'tis fit for no-
thing elfe, being fo (hort that it cannot
be fpun. 'Tis of a tawney Colour 5 and
the Seeds are black, very round, and as
big as a whitb Pea. The other fort is ripe

r in

'■>^

■I

'<i

56 Silk-Cotton. Cotton. Fruits.

'An, \699'\vi March or April. The Fruit or Pod is
^^''^^'^^ like a large Apple, and very round. The
out-fide Shell is as thick as the top of ones
Finger. Within this there is a very thin
whitifli Bag or Skin which inclofeth the
Cotton. When the Cotton- Apple is ripe,
the outer thick green Shell fplits it felf into
5 equal parts from Stemb to Tail,and drops
off, leaving the Cotton hanging upon the
Stemb, only pent up in its fine Bag. A day
or two afterwards the Cotton fwells by
the heat of the Sun, breaks the Bag and
burfts out, as big as a Man's Head : And
then as the Wind blows 'tis by degrees
driven away, a little at a time, out of the
Bag that (till hangs upon the Stemb, and is
fcatter'd about the Fields ^ the Bag foon
following the Cotton, and the Stemb the
Bag. Here is alfo a little of the right
Wefl'IndU Cotton Shrub 5 but none of the
Cotton is exported, nor do they make much
Cloth of it.
This Country produces great variety of
^ fine Fruits, as very good Oranges of 3 or 4

forts 5 (efpecia)ly one fort of Chi ff a Oran-
ges 5) Limes in abundance, Pomgranates,
Pomeci^rons, Plantains, ^onano's, right
Coco-nuts, Guava's, Coco-plumbs, (calFd
here Munjheroos) Wild-Grapes, fuch as I
have defcribd [Vol. II. Part 2. p. 46.]
befide fuch Grapes as grow in Europe.
Here are alfo Hog-plumbs, Cuftard-Ap-

ples,

faw n
den,
and f(
them.

Indies

So do

thence

are he

Th(

Fruit !

oval S

one fid

fideRj

rough,

fide is

alfo ai

ftape

The Pi

and wl

of the

or Shri

10 or

Body 5

upi fo

abroad

tough i

ThisF

its.

Pod IS

d. The
of ones
Ty thin
ifeth the
e is ripe,
felf into
nd drops
upon the
;. A day
A' el Is by
Bag and
ad: And
degrees
)ut of the
lb, and is
Jag foon
temb the
:he right
ne of the
ake much

/ariety of
of 3 or 4
md Of an-
granates,
)% right
)s, (caird
fuch as I
p. 46.]
Europe,
lard-Ap-
plcs,

Bra/ilian Fruits : the Sour-fop. 6y

ple^, Sonr-fops^ Cafljewi^ Fapah*s (called >^»- 1^99'
here Mamoon:) Jennipah*s (called here ^-^^^^^^^
Jeftm-papah's) Manchineel-Apples and
Mango's. Mango's are yet but rare here ; r
faw none of them but in the Jefuit*s Gar-
den, which has a great many fine Fruits,
and fome Cinamon-trces. Thefe, both of
them, were firft brought from the Eajl-
Indies^ and they ihrive here very well :
So do Pumplemiilfes, brought alfo from
thence; and both CWw^i and Sevll Oranges
are here very plentiful as well as good.

The SoKir-fop (as we call it) is a large
Fruit as big as a Man's Head, of a long or
ova! Shape, and of a green Colour 5 but
one fide is Yellowifti when ripe. The out-
fide Rind or Coat is pretty thick, and very
rough, with fmall Sharp Knobs ^ the in-
fide is full of fpungy Pulp, within which
alfo are many black Seeds or Kernels, iii
ftiape and bignefs like a Pumkin-feed.
The Pulp is very juicy, of a pleafant Tafte,
and whblefome. You fuck the Juice out
of the Pulp, and fo fpit it out. The Tree
or Shrub that bears this Fruit grows about
10 or 12 Foot high, with a fmall (hort
Body 5 the Branches growing pretty ftrait
up 5 for I did never fee any of them fpreaj
abroad. The Twigs are flender and
tough 5 and fo is the Stemb of the Fruit,
This Fruit grows alfo both in the Eafi and
Weft'Ifidies.

F 7 the

An. i^op.

The Gallic w-Fr/</^^ artd Jenipah-

The Caffjew is a Fruit as big as a Pippin,
pretty long, and bigger near the Stemb
than at the other end, growing tapering.
The Rind is fmooth and thin, of a red and
yellow Colour. The Seed ofthis Fruit grows
at the end of it i^ 'tis of an Olive Colour
ftiaped like a Bean, and about the fame
bignefs, but not altogether fo flat. The
Tree is as big as an Apple-Tree, with
Branches not thick, yet fpreading off. The
Boughs are grofs, the Leaves broad and
round, and in fubftance pretty thick. This
Fruit is foft and fpongy when ripe, and
fo full of Juice that in biting it the Juice
will run out on both fides of ones Mouth.
It is very pleafant, and gratefully rough
on the Tongue ^ and is accounted a very
wholefome Fruit. This grows both in
the Eaji and Wefl-hdics^ where I have
fecn and eaten of it.

The Jempah or Jertipapah is a fort of
Fruit of the Calabafh or Gourd-kind. It
is about the bignefs of a Duck-Egg, and
fomewhat of an Oval Shape ^ and \% of a
grey Colour. The Shell is not altogether
fo thick nor hard as a Calabafti: 'Tis full
of whitifh Pulp mixt with fmall fiat Seeds 5
and both Pulp and Seeds muft be taken in-
to the Mouth, where fucking out the Pulp
you fpit out Seeds. It is of a (harp and
plcnfing Tafte, and is very innocent. The
Tree that bears it is much like an A(h,

ftrait

The Arifah-Fr«/>^ and Mericafah. ^p

ftrait-bodied, and of a good height ^j^''. '^99.
clean front Limbs till near the top, where '--^'^
there branches forth a fmall Head. The
Rind is of a pale grey, and fo is the Fruit.
We us'd of this Tree to make Helves or
Handles for Axes (for which it is very pro-
per) in the Bay of CdMpeai:hy ^ where I
have fecn of them, and no where clfc but
here.

Befidethefejiereare many forts of Fruits
which I have not met with any where
but here ^ as Arifah^ Mericafah's, Petungos^
&c. Arifdh\ are an excellent Fruit, not
much bigger than a large Cherry^ (haped
like a Catherine-Peur, being fmall at the
Stemb, and fvvelling bigger towards the
end. They are of a greenifh Colour, and
have fmall Seeds as big as Muftard Seeds,
they are fomewhattart,yetpleafant,and ve-
ry wholfom,andmay beeatenby (kkPeople.

Mericafah\ arc an excellent Fruit, of
which there are two forts ^ one growing
on a fmall Tree or Shrub, which is coun-
ted the befti^ the other growing on a kind
of Shrub like a Vine, which they plant
about Arbours to make a (hade, having
many broad Leaves. The Fruit is as big
as a fmall Orange, round and green. When
they are ripe they are foft and fit to eat 5
full of white pulp mixt thick with little
black Seeds, and there is no feparating
one Iroia the other, till they are in your

'>
>

Mouth

JO Petango. Petumbo. Miingaroo^ &*€.

'At i^ Mouth 5 when you fuck in the white Pulp
^"^^^^^ and fpit out the Stones. They are tart,
pleafant, and very wholfomc.

Petangos^ are a fmall red Fruit, that
grow alfo on fmall Trees, and are as big
as Cherries, bat not fo Globular, having
one flat fide, and alfo $ or 6 fmall protulc-
rant Hidges. 'Tis a very pleafant tart
Fruit, and has a pretty large flattifti Stone
in the middle.

Petumhos, arc a yellow Fruit (grow-
ing on a Shrub like a Vine) bigger than
• Cherries, with a pretty large Stone : Thefc
are fweet, but rough in the Mouth.

Muftgaroos^ are a Fruit as big as Cher-
ries, red on one fide and white on the o-
ther fide : They are faid to be full of fmall
Seeds, which are commonly fwallowed in
eating them.

Muckifhaws, are faid to be a Fruit as big
as Crab-Apples, growing on large Trees.
They have alfo fmall Seeds in the mid-
dle, and are well tafted.
• Ingwa\ are a Fruit like the Locuft-
Fruit, 4 Inches long, and one broad. They
grow on high Trees.

Otecy is a Fruit as big as a large Coco-
Nut^ It hath a Husk on the outfide, and
a large Stone within, and is accounted a
very fine Fruit.

Mufteran-de-ova. Palm^erry^ &c. 71

MuJlcran'de'Ova% are a round Fruit as ^^J^J^*
big as large Hazel-Nuts, cover'd with thin ^■^^'^^
brittle Shells of a blackifh colour : They
have a fmall Stone in the middle, indofed
within a black pulpy fubftance, which is
of a pleaCant tafte. The outfide Shell is
chewed with the Fruit, and fpit out with
the Stone, when the pulp is fuck'd from
them. The Tree that bears this Fruit is
tall, large, and very hard Wood. I have
not feen any of thefe five laft named Fruits,
but had them thus defcribed to me by an
Irijh Inhabitant of Bahia-^ tho* as to this
laft, I am apt to believe, I may have both
feen and eaten of them in Achin in 5«-
matra,

Palm-herries (called here Detjdces) grow

Plentifully about Bahia 5 the largeft are as
ig as Wall-nuts ^ they grow in bunches
on the top of the Body of the Tree, a<»
mong the Roots of the Branches or Leaves,
as all Fruits of the Palm-kind do. Thefe
are the fame kind of Berries or Nuts as
thofe they make the Palm-Oyl with on the
Coaft of Guinea^ where they abound : And
I was told that they make Oyl with them
here alfo. They fometimes Roaft and Eat
them 5 but when I had one Roafted ta.
prove it, I did not like it.

PhyJichNuts^ as our Seamen call them,
are called here Fimon 5 and Agnus Caftus
is called here Carrepat : Thefe both grow

F 4 here:

I!
hi

)■?■

J 2 Brafilian Fruits ^ Roots ^ and Herbs,

'An* I (599. here: So do Mendibees^ aFvmtlikQ PAjfick-
^^^"^^ Nnts. They fcorch them in a Pan over the
jpre before they eat them.

Here are alfo great plenty of Cabbage^r
Trees, and other Fruits, which I did not
get information about, and which I had
not the opportunity of feeing ^ becaufe
this was not the Seafon,it being our Spring,
and confequently their Autumn, when
their bed Fruits were gone, tho' fome were
left. However I faw abundance of wild
Berries in the Woods and Fields, but I
could not learn their Names or Nature.

They h^ve withal good plenty of ground
Fruit, 2JS Callavances^ Pine- Apples, Punir
fcins, Water-Melons, Musk-Melon$, Cu-
cumbers, and Roots ^ as Yams, Potato's
Caffava's, &c. Garden Herbs alfo good
ftpre i as Cabbages, Turnips, Onions,
Leeks, and abundance of other Sallading,
and for the Pot. Drugs of feveral forts,
vh, Saffafras, Snake-Root, &c. Befide the
Woods 1 mentioned for Dying, and other
yfes, as Fuftick, Speckled-\ ood, &c.

I brought home with me from hence a
good nurpber of Plants, dried between the
leaves of Books 5 of fome of the choiceft of
which, that are not fpoil'd, I may give a
Specimen at the End of the Book.

Here are faid to be great plenty and va*
riety of Wild-Fowl, z^/z,. l^ewwtf's, iWrfrr4»>*s
(which are called here Jackoo\ and are
3 larger fort of Parrots, and fcarcer) Par-
rots.

\;-

VVNJ.

Birds. The Yemma^ and Crows. 73

rots,Parakite6^Flamingo*s,Carrion-Crows, ^wj^'^pp
Chattering-Crows, Cockreqoes, Bill-Birds ^ ^ '
finely painted, Correfoes, Doves,Pidgeons,
JencHfis^ Clocking-Hens, Crab-Catchers,
Galdens, Currecoo's, Mufcovy Ducks,
common Ducks, Widgeons, Teal, Cur-:
lews. Men of War Birds, Booby's, Nod-
dy's, Pelicans, &c.

The TemmA is bigger than a Swan, grey-
feathered, with a long thick (harp-poiu-
ted Bill.

The Carripn-Crow and Chattering-
Crows, are called here Mackeratv% and are
like thofe I defcribed in the Weft-Indies^ .
IVol II. Part 11. p. 67.] The Bill of the
Chattering- Cro IV is black, and the Upper
Bill is round, bending downwards like a
Hawks-Bill, rifing up in a ridge almoft
Semi-circular, and very (harp, both at the
Ridge or Convexity, and at the Point or
Extremity : The Lower-Bill is flat and
fliuts even with it. I was told by a For-
tugueze here, that their Ncgr^^-Wenches
make Love-Potions with thefe Birds. And
the Fortugue^e care not to let them have
any of thefe Birds, to keep them from that
Superftition : As I found one Afternoon
when I was in the Fields with a Padre
and another, who (hot two of them, and
hid them, as they faid, for that reafoq.
They are not good Food, but their Bills
a.e reckoned a good Antidote againft.Poi-
fon. The

./W>

74 Bill-bird. Currefo, Turtle-Do^e^ &c,

^":^iS^\ The Bill-Birds ^re fo called by the £/f^-
^ /i/&, from their monftrous Bills, which
are as big as their Bodies. I faw none of
thefe Birds here, but faw feveral of the
Breafts flea*d off and dried, for the beau-
ty of them 5 the Feathers we^'e curioufly
colour*d with Red, Yellow, and Orange-
colour.

The Currefos (called here Machera^'s)
are fuch as arc in the Bay of Campcachy
[Vol. ir. Part 2. p. 67.]

Turtle-Doves are in great plenty here 5
and two forts of Wild Pidgeons^ the one
fort blackifh, the other alight grey: The
blackilh or dark grey are the bigger, be-
ing as large as our Wood-Qucft$,or Wood-
Pidgeons in EftgUnd, Both forts are very
good Meat 5 and are in fuch plenty from
May till September^ that a Man may (hoot
8 or 10 Dozen in feveral Shots at one
Handing, incclofe mifty Morning, when
they come to feed on Berries that grow iii
the Woods.

The Jenetee is a Bird as big as a Lark,
with blackifh Feathers, and yellow Legs
and Feet. Tis accounted very wholfome
Food.

Clocking-Hens, are much like the Crab-
catchers, which I have defcribed [VoU IL
Fart 2. p. 70.] but the Legs are not alto-
gether fo long. They keep always in
fwampy wet places, tho* their Claws are

Birds of the Heron-kind^ 8cc. 75

like Land-Fowls Claws. They maJre a ^«- ^^99
Noife or Cluck like our Brood-Heiis, or '•^''^^^'''^*
Dunghil-Hens, when they have Chickens,
and for that reafon they are called by the •
Englijhy Clocking- Hens. There are many
of them in the Bay of Camp^achy (tho* I
omitted to fpeak of them there) and elfe-
whcre in the Wefi-htdies. There are both
here and there four forts of thefe long-
leg'd Fowls, near a-kin to each other, as
fo many Sub'Specks of the fame kind ^
viz. Crab-catchers, Clocking-Hens, Gal-
dens (which three are in fhape and co*
lour like Herons inEngland^ but lefs^ the
Gulden, the biggeft of the three, the Crab-
catcher the fmalleft ^ and a fourth fort
which are black, but (haped like the other,
having long Legs and fhort Tails ^ thefe
are about the bignefs of Crah-cdtchers, and
feed as they do.

Currecoos, are Water Fowls, as big as'
pretty large Chickens, of a bluifli colour,
with fhort Legs and Tail 5 they feed al-
fo infwampy Ground, and are very good
Meat. I have not feen of them elfe-
where. •

The Wild-Ducks here are faid to be
of two forts, the Mufcovy^ and the com-
mon-Ducks. In the wet Seafon here arc *
abundance of them, but in the dry time
but few. Wigeon and Teal alfo are faid
to be in great plenty here in the wet Sea-
fon, Ta

■'¥

An. 169^,

Ofiridges. DHnghil-FowL Beafis^ &c.

To the Southward of Bahia there are al-
foOftridges in great plenty, tho\ 'tisfaid,
they are not fo large as thofe of Africd :
They are found chiefly in the Southern
Parts of Brazil^ efpecially among the large
Savannahs near the River of Plate ; and
from thence further South towards the
Streights of Magellan, •

As for Tame Fowl at Bahia^ the chief
befide their Ducks, are Dunghil-Fowls,
of which they have two forts 3 one fort
much of the fize of our Cocks and Hens 5
the other very large: And the Feathers of
thefe lafl: are a long time coming forth 5
fo that you fee them very naked when half
grown ^ but when they are fuH grown
and well feathered, they appear very large
Fowls, as indeed they are 5 neither do they
want for price ^ for they are fold at Bahla
for half a Crown or three Shillings apiece,
juft as they are brought firft to Market
out of the Country, when they are fo
lean as to be fcarce fit to Eat.
; The Land Animals here are Horfes,
black Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Rabbits,
Hogs, Leopards, Tigers, Foxes^ Mon*^
keys, Pecary (a fort of wild Hogs, called
here P1V4) Armadillo, Alligators, Guano's
(caird ,^i«V/i2e) Lizards, Serpents, Toads,
Frogs, and a fort of Amphibious Crea-
tures called by the Portngueze Cachora's dei
4tgH4y \\\ JB/z^/i/J. Water-Dog?..

tri

fVild'Beajir. Serpents. Amphisbaena. 77

The Leopards and Tigers of this Couri- An. 1699.
try are faid to be large and very fierce : ^•^^^^'^^
But here on the Coaft they are cither de-
ftroyed, or drivcn*back towards the heart
of the Country 5 and therefore arefeldom
found but in the Borders and Out-planta-
tions, where they oftentimes do Mifchief.
Here are three or four forts of Monkeys,
of different Sizes and Colours. One fort
is very large ^ and another fort is very
fmall : Thefe laft are ugly in Shape and
Feature, and have a ftfong Scent of
Musk.

Here are feveral forts of Serpents, many
of them vaftly great, and moft of them
very venomous : As the Rattlc^fnake for
one : And for Venom , a fmall Green
Snake is bad enough, no bigger than the
Sternbof a Tobacco-pipe, and about 18
Inches long, very common here.

They have here alfo the Awphkh^na^ or
Two-headed Snake, of a grey Colour,
mixt with blackilh Stripes, whofe Bite is
reckoned to be incurable. Tis faid to be
blind, tho* it has two fmall Specks in each
Head like Eyes: Bnt whether it fees or not
I cannot tell. They fay it lives like a
Mole, nioftly under Ground ^ and tha:
when it is found above Ground it iscafily
kiird, becaufe it moves butflowly: Nei-
ther is its Sight (if it hath any) fo good as
to difcern any one that comes near to kill

■€'.

l/Vx

'1
lij

fill

78 L<w?flf a fid Waier-Setpents*

fVlt^* as few of thefe Creatures fly at a Maft, or
hurt him but when he comes in their way.
*Tis about 14 Inches long, and about the
bignefs of the inner joiht of a Man's msd-
dle Finger 5 being of one and the fanie
bignefs from one end to the other, with
a Head at each end, (as they faid 5 for I
cannot vouch it, for one I had was cut
(hort at one end) and both alike in fliapc
and bignefs ; and 'tis faid to move with
cither Headformoft,indifFerently5 whence
'tis called by the Fortugueze^ Cobra de dos
Cabefas, the Snake with two Heads.

The fmall black Snake is a very veno-
mous Creature.

There is alfo a grey Snake, with fed
and brown Spots all over its back. 'Tis
as big as a Man s Arm, and about 3 Foot
long, and is faid to be venomous. I faw
one of thefe.

Here are two forts of very large Snaked
or Serpents : One of 'era a Land-fnakc,
the other a Water- fnake. The Land-
fnake is of a grey colour, and about 18 or
20 Foot long : Not very Venomous, but
Ravenous; I was promifcd the fight of
one of their Skins, but wanted opportu-
nity.

The Water- fnake is faid to be near go
Foot long. Thefe 1 i vc wholly in the Wa-
ter, either in large Rivers, or great Lakes>
and prey jpon any Creature that comes
# ' within

Tis

»• Great IVater-Snah of Brazil. j^

within their reach, be it Man or Beaft. f\}^
They draw their Prey to them with their ''''^^*^'
Tails: for when they fee any thing on the
Banks of the River or Lake where they
lurk, they fwing about their Tails lo or
i2Footov?r the Bank 5 and whatever
ftands within their Sweep is fnatch'd with
great Violence into the River, and drown-
ed by them. Nay 'tis reported very cre-
dibly that if they fee only a (hade of any
Animal at all on the Water, they will
flourifh their Tails to bring in the Man or
Beaft whofe (hade they fee, and are often-
times too fuccefsful in it. Wherefore Men
that have bufinefs near any place where
thefe Water-Monfters are fufpefted to lurk^
are aiways provided with a Gun, which
they often Fire, and that fcares them away,
or keeps them quiet. They are faid to ^

have great Heads, and ftrong Teeth a-
bout 6 Inches long. I was told by an Irijh
Man who lived here, that his Wife's Fa^
ther was very near being taken by one of
them about this time of my firft Arrival
here, when his Father was with him up in
the Country : For the Beaft flouri(h'd his
Tail for him, but came not nigh enough
by a yard or two ^ however it feared him
fufficiently. *

The Amphibious Greatures here which
I faid are called by the Portugmze Cuchoras
de Agna^ or Water-dogs, are faid to be as

big

■m

80 Ciichora dc Agus. FiJJj^ Shell-tip,
^n. 1699, big as fmi^ll Maldives, and are all hairy and
"""^^^ fhaggy from Head to Tail. They have
. d (fcort Legs, a pretty long Head and
uiort Tail ^ and are of a blacMfti Colour.
They live in fre(h Water-ponds, and of-
tentimes come a(hore and Sun themfelves 5
but retire to the Water if affaultcd; They
are eaten, and faid to be good Food. Se-
veral of thefe Creatures which I have now
fpoken of I have not feen, but informed
my felf about them while t was here at
Baku, from fober and fenfible Perfons a-
mong the Inhabitants, among whom t
met with feme that could fpeak Englijh.

In the Sea upon this Coafl: there is great
ftore and diver fity of Fifti, vi%. Je w-fifti, for
which there is a great Market at Bahia in
jLe»/ .• Tarpom's, Mullets, Groopers,
Snooks, Gar-fifli (called here GooUons,')
Gorajfes^ Barrama*s, Coquinda's, Caval-
V lie's, Cuchora*s (or Dog-filh) Conger-
Eels, Herrings (as I was told) the Ser-
rew^ the Olio de Bojf, (I write and fpell
f them juft as they were named to me)
Whales, &c.

Hereisalfo Shell- filn (tho in lefs plenty
about Bahia than on other parts of the
Coaft,) viz. Lobfters, Craw-fifli, Shrimps,
-^ Crabs, Oyfters of the common fort^

Conchs, Wilks, Cockles, Mufclcs, Perri-
\vinklcs, &c. Here are three forts of Sea-
Turtle, viz, Hawksbill, Loggerhead, antj

Green :

X •

T^^n*' r^ ^-^ '

7//A

iger-

Ser-

|fpe!l

me)

mty
the

Cnen-Turtle. Han^ks-bill Turtle. 8 1

Green : But none of them are iu any |^J;^^
efteem, neither Spaniards nor PortugHeJi
loving them : Nay they have a great An-
tipatbv agaiiift them, and would much ra-
tbef eat a Porpofe, tho* our Englijh count,
the Green Turtle very extraordinary Food.
The Reafonthat is commonly given in the
Wefl'^hdks for the Spaniards not caring to
eat of tliem, is the fear they have left, be-
ingufuallv foul-bodied, and m^ny of theitl
pox'd (lying, as they do, fopromifcuouf-
Iv with their Negriiles and other She-
flaves) they fhould break out loathfdmejy
like Lepers^ which this fort of Food, 'tis
faid, does raucli encline Men to do,fearch-
ing tlie Rody, and driving out any fuch
grofs Humors : For which caufe maiiy of
Our Englijh Valetudinarians have gone
from Jamaica (tho* there they have alfa
Turtle) to the L Caimanes^ at the Laying-
time, to live wholly upon Turtle that
then abound thef e 5 piirpofely to have their
Bodies fcour'dby thjsFood^ and their Di-
ftempers driven out 5 and have been faid
to have found mainy of them good Succefs
in It, But this by the way. The Ha wkf-
bill-Turtle on this Coaft of Brazil is moft
fought after of any, for its Shell ^ which
by Report of tbofe I have conversed with
at Bahidy is the cleared and beft clouded
tortoifc-rtiell in the World, I had foriic
of it (hewn me, which was indeed as good .

Q Jlf9

Mi'
U^.

82 5*^ Paul's, &c. iw Bfazi!.

. '^-as I ever faw. They get a pretty deal o
^''^^ it in fome Parts on this Coaft 3 but 'ti

tis
very dear.

Befide this Port of 54^14 ^e todos los San-
tos^ there are two more principal Ports
on Brdzily -le EuroptdH Ships Trade,
viz. Perndmhnc and RU Jdneira 3 and i was
told that there go as many Ships to each of
thefe Places as to BdhU^ and two Men of
War to each Place for their Convoys. Of
the other Ports in this Country none is
of greater Note than that of St. Pdul\
where they gather much Gold 5 but the
Inhabitants are faid to bea fortof wQ^i^dfi/^i,
or loofc People that live under no Govern-
ment : But their Gold brings them all forts
of Commodities that they need, as Cloths,
Arms, Ammunition, &c. The Town is
faid to be large and ftrong.

CHAP.

'♦'*' The Contents.

CHAP. III.

An, \6^^\

The AJs Stay and Bufnicfi at Bahia :
• . Of the Winds and Seasons of the
,Tear there. His Departure for N.
Holland. C. Salvadorc. The
JVinds on the Brafilian Coaft , and
Abrohio Shoal ^ Fi^j^ and Birds :
The Shear-water Bird^ and Cook-
ing of Sharks. Excejp've number
of Birds about a dead Whale , of
the Pintado-bird^ and the Petrel^
Sec. Of a Bird thatfhews the C.
of G. Hope to be near : of the Sea-
reckonings^ and Variations : and a
Table of all ^/?e Variations objer'ud
in this Voyage. Occurrences near the
Cape ^ and the A.^Jt p^fftng by it.
Of the Wejierly Winds beyond it :
A Storm^ and its Presages. The
A.^s^ Course to Ni. Holland^ and
Signs of approaching it. Another
Abrohio Shole and Storm^ and
the A.'s Arrival on part ofN. Hol-
land. That part defcrib'd , and
$harkV Bay^ where he frjl An*

Q '^ chorSi

The A's flay at Bahia j

chors. Of the Land there ^ Vege^
tables^ Birds ^ &c. A particular
fort ^y Guano : F//Z>^ and be ant i-
ftd Shells 5 Turtle ^ large
Shark^ and Water-Serpents. The
A^s remo'ving to another part of N.
Holland : Dolphins^ Whales^ and
more Sea-Serpents : and of a Paf-
fagc or Streight- fuJJ>eBed here :
Of the Vegetables^ Birds^ and
Fijh. He anchors on a third Part
ofN. Holland^ and digs Wells ^
hut brackiflj. Of the Inhabitants
there y the great Tides ^ the Vegeta-
bles and Animals^ &c.

MY ftay here at Bahia was about a
Month : during vvhich time the
Vice- Roy ofGoa came hither from thence
in a great Ship, faid to be richly laden with
all forts of IftdsM Goods ^ but (he did not
break Bulk here, being bound home for
Lisboft : only the Vice-Roy intended to
xcfrefh his Men (of whomhe had loft many,
and moft of the reft were very fickly,
having been 4 Months in their Voyage hi-
ther) and fo to take in Water, and depart
for Europe^ in Company with the other

?or'

and Preparation to go aw A^. 85

PortHguefe Ships thither Bound 5 whoj^^.^^
had Orders to be ready to Sail by the
twentieth of Mmv. He dcfif 'd me to car-
ry a Letter for him, direfted to his Suc-
ccffor the new Vice-Roy of God : Which
I did 5 fending it thither afterwards by
Captain Hawmond, whom I found near
the Cape of Good Hope. The refrcdi-
ing my Men, and taking in Water, was
the main alfo of my Bufinefs here ^ be-
fide the having the better opportuni^
ty to compofe the Diforders among my
Crew : Which, as I have before rela-
ted, were grown to fo great a Heighth,
that they could not without great Dif-
ficulty be appeafcd : However, finding
Opportunity, during my ftay in this Place,
to allay in fome nieafure the Ferment • .
that had been raifed among my Men, *
I now fet my felf to provide for the car-
rying on of my Voyage with ^Tiorc
Heart than before, and put all Hands
to work, in order to it, as faft as the
backwardnefs of my Men would per-
mit ; who (kew'd continually their un-.
willingnefs to proceed farther. Befidcs,
their Heads were generally fill'd with
ftrange Notions of Southerly Winds
that were now fetting in (and there
had been already fome Flurries of them)

G 3 whichj

V >

86 Of the Winds and Sea[onf,at Bahia.

An. 1^93' which, as they furmis'd,,; would hinder

^'^^"'^^ any farther Attempts of going on to

the SouthNyard, fo Jong ^s they (hould

The VVinds begin to fhift here in
Jpnl and September, and the Seafons of
the Year (the Dry and the Wet) alter
with them, In April the Southerly
Winds make their entrance on this
Cqaft, bringing in the wet Seafon, with
violent Tornadoes, Thunder and Light-
ping, and much Rain. Ir^ Se ft ember the
other Coafting Trade, at Eaft North-
Eaft comes in, and clears the Sky, bring-
ing fair Weather. This, as to the change
of Wind, is what I have obferv'd Vql.
IL Part. 3. p. 19. but a$ to the change
of Weather accompanying it fo exaftly
\ h^TQ '3t Bahia^ this is a particular Excep-
tion to what I have Experienced in all
other PI ices of South Latitudes that J
have been in berween the Tropicks^ or
thofe I have heard of :^ for there the Dry
Seafons, fets in, in April, and the Wet
about OSoher or November^ fooner pr
later (as Ihave faid that they are, inSouth
Latitudes, the Reverfe of the Seafons, or
Weather, in the fame Montiis in N. La-
titudes, Vol U. Part. 3. p. 77.) whereas on
this Coaft of Bra%il^ the wet Seafon

Come§

t Bahia.

d hinder
g on to
aiould

here in
afons of
et) alter
outhcrly
on this
>n, with
d Light-

\^her the

t North-
, bring-
e change
v'd Vql.
. change
► exaftly

Excep-
i in all

that I
ckf, or
he Dry
le Wet
ner pr
^ South
>ns, or
N. La-
'eas on
Seafon
comes

Se^im for tutting Sugar-iCanes. 87

comes in, in Aprils at the fame time that vJJ;/^
it doth in N. Latitudes, and the Dry (as ^^^^^^
I have faid here) in September ^ the Rains
here not lafting fo far in the year as in o*
ther PJaces : for in &/>/e«A^r the Weather
is ufually fo fair, that in the latter part of
that Month they begin to cut their Sugars
Canes here, as I was told 5 for I en-
quired particularly about the Scafons :
Though this, as to the Seafon of cut-
ting of Canes, which I was now af-
fur'd to be in September^ agrees not very
well with what I was formerly told
[Vol. IL Pa«t. J. p. 82.] that in BrAzal
they cut the' Canes in jf«//. And fo, as to
what is faid a little lower in the fame
Page, that in managing ilieir Canes they
are not confin'd to the Seafons, *his ought
to have been exprefs*d only of Planting
them 3 for 4;hcy never cut them but in the
dry Seafoti.

But 'to return to the Southerly Winds,
which came in (as I cxpefted they would)
while I was here ; Thefe daunted my ,
Ship's Company very much, tho* f had
told them they were to look for them :
But they being ignorant as to what I told
them farther, that thefe were only Coaft-
ing- Winds, fweeping the Shore to about
40 or 50 Leagues in breadth from it 5 and
imagining that they had blown fo all the
Sea over, between America and Afrka ^

G 4 and

r ^'1

88 Watering'flace at Bahia j

>^>^ and being confirmed in this their Opinion
''^"^^^^^ by the Fortuguefe Pilots of the European
Ships, with whom feveral of my Officers
converfed much, and who were them-
felves as ignorant that thefe were only
Coaftlng Trade-Winds (themfelves going
away before them, in their return home-
wards, till they crofs the Line, and fo ha-
ving no experience of the Breadth of them)
being thus poflefs'd with a Conceit that
we could not Sail frorahence till September 5
this made them ftill the more remifs in
their Duties, and very liftlefs to the get-
ting Things in a readinefs for our Depar-*
ture. However I was the more dih'getit
my felf to have the Shipfcrubb'd, and to
fend my Water-Casks alhore to get them
trimm'd, my Beer being now out. I went
alfo to the Governor to get my Water
fiird 5 for here being but. one Watering-
place (and the Water running low, now
at the end of the Dry Seafon) it was al-
ways fo crouded with the Europenn Ships
Boats, who were preparing to be gone,
that my Men could feldom come nigh it^
till the Governour very kindly fent an Of?
ficer to clear the Water-place for my Men,
and to ftay there till my Water^Caskswere
all full, whom I fatisfied for his Pains.
Here I alfo got Aboard 9 or ic Tun of
Ballaft, and made my Boatfwain fit the

Rig-

all
fii
StI
li(
cei

eii
fel
fai

and pleasant Fields about it. Sp

Rigging that was amifs : And I enquired /^J;J^'
alfo of my particular Officers whofe Bu»
finefs it was, whether they wanted any
Stores, efpecially Pitch and Tar^ for that
here I would fupply my felf before I pro*
ceeded any farther 5 but they faid they had
enough,tho* it did not afterwards prove fo.
I commonly went afhore every day,
either upon Bufinefs, or to recreate my
felf in the Fields, which wei'e very plea-
fant, and tho more for a fliower of Rain
now and then, that ulhers in the Wet Sea*
fon. Several forts of good Fruits were al-
fo ftill remaining, efpecially Oranges,
which were in fuch plenty, that I and all
my Company ftock'd our felves for our
Voyage with them, and they did us a
great kindnefs ^ and we took in alfo a good
quantity of Rum and Sugar : But for
Fowls they being here lean and dear, I
was glad I had ftock'd my felf at St. Jt^^go.
But by the little care my Officers took for
frefli Provifions, one might conclude, they
did not think of going much farther. Be-
jfides, I had like to have been imbroiled
with the Clergy here (of the hquifition^
as I fuppofe) and fo my Voyage might
have been hindred. What was faid to
them of me, by fomc of my Company
that went afhore, I know not 5 but 1
was allured by a Merchant there, that
if they got me into their Clutches (and

90 The A's departure from Babia.

^y->/^ it feems, when r was lafl: afhore they had
^^^^^* narrowly watih'd rpe) the Governor him-
felf could not releafe me. Befides I might
either be morther'd in the Streets, as be
fent me word, or poyfoned, if I caiiie a*
Ihore any more ^ and therefore he advifed
me to (lay aboard. Indeed I had now no
further Bufinefs alhore but to take leave
of the Governor, and therefore took his
Advice. ^ ^^ ;^ -

Our Stay here was till the s^d of ApriL
i would have gone before if f could fooncr
ihave fitted my felf 5 but was now earneft
to be gone, becaufe this Harbour lies open
to the S. and S. S, W. whi<ih are raging
Winds here, and now was the Seafon for
them. We had two or three Touches
of them^ arid one pretty feVere, and the
Ships ride there fo near each other, that
if a Cable fhould fail, or an Anchor ftart,
you are inftantly aboard of one Ship or
other : And I was more afraid of being dif-
abled here in Harbour by thefe bluftring
Winds, than difcouraged by them, as my
People were, from profecuting the Voy-
age 5 for at prefent I even wifh'd for a
brisk Southerly Wind as foon as I (hould
be once well cut of the tiarbour, to fet me
the fooner into the True General Trade-
Wind.

The Tide of Flood being fpent, and
having a fine Land- Breeze on the 23d, in

the

th(
ch
la^
be
ha

goi
at

C. Salvador : Winds and Breezes. 9 1

the Morning, I went away from the An- "^^99,
cboring- place before 'twas light 3 and then ^^^^^"^
lay by till Day-light that we might fee the
better how to go out of the Harbour. I
had a Pilot belonging to Mr. Cock, who
went out with me, to whom I gave three
Dollars 5 but I found I could as well have
gone out my felf, by the Soundings I made
at coming in. The Wind was E. by N.
and fair Weather. By 10 a Clock I was
got pad all danger, and then fent away my
Pilot. At 12 Cape Salvadore bore N. di-
ftant 6 Leagues, and we had the Winds
between the E. by N. and S. E. a confi-
derable time, fo that we kept along near
, the Shore, commonly in fight of it. The
Southerly Blafts had now left us again 5 . ,

for they come at firfl: in ftiort Flurries, .

and fhift to other Points (for 10 or 1 2 ;=

days fometimcs) before they are quite fet
in: And we had uncertain Winds, between - . ^
Sea and Land-Breezes, and the Coafting-
Trade, which was its felf unfettled.
^ The Eaftcrly- Winds at prefent made me
doubt I (hould not Weather a great Shoal
which lies in Lat. between 18 deg. and j

19 deg. S. and runs a great way into the
Sea, direftly from the Land, Eafterly.
Indeed the Weather was fair (and conti-
nued fo a good while) fo that I might the
better avoid any Danger from it : And if
the Wind came to the Southward I knew

95 Longitude taken front C. Salvador.

^J";^;^ I could ftretch off to Sea ^ fo that I jogg*d
^^^^^^ on couragioufly. The 27th of April we
faw a fmal! Brigantine under the Shore
plying to the Southward. We alfo faw
many Men of War-birds and Boobies, and
abundance of Albkore-Vi^, Having ftill
fair Weather, fmall Gales, and fome
Calms, I had the opportunity of ttying
the Current, whidi I found to fet fome-
tlmes Northerly and rometimeg Southerly :
And therefore knew I was ftill within the
Verge of the Tides. Being now in the
Lat. of the Abrohh Shoals,which I expefted
to meet with, I founded, and had Water
lefTening from 40 to 35, and foto 25 Fa-
thom : But then it rofe again to 35, 35^.
37, &c. all Coral Rocks. Whilft we were
on this Shoal (which wc crofs*d towards
the further part of it from Land, where it
lay deep, and fo was not dangerous) we
caught a great many.Filh with Hook and
. Line$ and by evening Amplitude wq had
6 deg. 38 min. Eaft Variation. This was
the 27th of April -^ we were then in Latf
18 deg. 13 min. S. and Eaft Longitude
from Cape Salvadore 31 min. On the
29th, being then in Lat. 18 deg. 39 min. S.
we had fmall Gales from the W. N. W,
to the W. S. W. often (hifting. The 30th
we had the Winds from W. to S. S. E.
Squalls and Rain : And we faw fome Dol-
phins and other Fi(h about us. We, were

new

nol
fo

inj

thai

reel

thel

tha

the

was
Latf

Itude
the

n. S.
W,

toth

I E.
►ol-
^ere

new

Shear- water's. Shark's cooJid. p^

now out of fight of Land, and had been ^"-1^99
fo 4or 5 Days: But the Winds now hang- ^^^^^"^^"^^
ing in the South was an apparent Sign
that ive were ftill too nigh the Shore to
receive the True General Eaft-Trade ^ as
the Eafterly Winds we had before (hew*d
that we were too far off the Land to have
the Benefit of the Coafting South-Trade :
and the faintnefs of both thefe VVinds,and
their often (hifting from the S. S. VV. to the
S. E. with Squalls, Rain and fmall Gales,
were a Confirmation of our being between
the Verge of the S. Coafting-Trade, and
that of the True Trade 3 which is here,
regularly, S. E.

The third of May being in Lat. 20 deg.
00 min. and Merid. diftance Weft from
Cape 5/ftoi^(?re 234 Miles, the Variation
was 7 deg. 00 min. VVc faw no Fowl
but Shear-waters,as our Sea-men call them,
being a fmall black Fowl that fweep the
Water as they fly, and are much in the
Seas that lie without either of the Tropicks :
They are not eaten. We caught 3 fmall
Sharks, each 6 Foot 4 Inches long 5 and
they were very good Food for us. The
next day we caught 3 more Sharks of the
fame fize, and we eat them alfo, efteem-
ing them as good Fi(h boil'd and prefs'd,
and then ftevv*d with Vinegar and Pep-.

per. '

^'Whales. Immmerahle Fowls.

An, \699' We had nothing of Remark from the
^-^''^^3(1 of Af/fytothe loth, only now and then
feeing a fmall Whale fpoutiiig up the
Water. We had the Wind Eafterly, and
we ran with It to the Southward, running
in this time from the Lat.of 2odeg. oo m.
to 29 deg. 5 min. S. and having then jd.
3 m. E. LowgAxomC, Salvador e-^ the Va-
riation increafing upon us, at prefcnt,
notwithftanding we went Eaft. Wc had
all along a great difference between the
Morning and Evening Amplitudes^ ufual-
ly a degree or two, and fometimes more.
We were now in the True Trade, and
therefore made good way to the South-
ward, to get without the Verge of the
General Trade-Wind into a VVefterly
Wind's way, that might carry us towards
the Cape of Good Hope, By the 12th of
May^ being in Lat. 51 deg. 10 min. wc
began to meet with Wefterly Winds,
which freflined on us, and did not leave us
till a little before we made the Cape. Some-
times it blew fo hard that it put us under
a fore-courfe 5 efpecially in the Night :
. but in the day-time we had commonly our
Main Top- fail rift. We met with nothing
of moment 5 only we paft by a dcaa
Whale, and faw Millions (as I may fay)
of Sea-Fowls about -o Carcafs (and as
far round about it as we could fee) fome
feeding, and the reft flying about, or fit-
ting

ting

Turl
the

Pwtado'birds^Shear'jvaters^Petrels^&cc. p c

ting on the Water, waiting to take their ^4". 1^99.
Turns. We firft difcovered the VVhale by '•^^VVi
the Fowls ^ fc;" indeed I did never fee fo
many Fowls at once in my Life before,
their Numbers being inconceivably great:
They were of divers forts, in Bignefs,
Shape and Colour. Some were almoft as
big as Geefe, of a grey Colour, with
white Breads, and with fuch Bills, Wings,
and Tails. Some were Pintado-Wirds^as
big as Ducks, and fpeckled Black and
White. Some were Shear-waters 3 fome
Petrels ^ and there were feveral forts of
large Fowls. We faw of thefe Birds, ef-
pecially the Pwtado-hivds^ all the Sea over
from abqut 200 Leagues diftant from the
Coaft of Brazily to within much the fame
diftance of New-Hottand. The Pintado is a
Southern Bird, and of that Temperate
Zone 5 for i never faw of them much to
the Nor ward of 30 deg. S. The Pintado-
bird is as big as a Duck ^ but appears, as
it flies, about the bignefs of a tame Pigeon;
having a (hprt Tail, but the Wings very
long, as moft Sea-Fowls have 5 cfpecially
fuch as thefe that fly far from the Shore,
and fcldom come nigh it : for their Reft*
ingis fitting afloat upon the Water 5 but
they layj I fqppofe, ailiore. There arc
three forts of thefe Birds, all of the fame
make and. bignefs, and are only different
in Colour. , The firft is black all over ^

^6 The Pintado-bird defctih'cL , '

i4«. 1699. The fecond fort ara grey, with white
^^-^^ Bellies and Breafts. The third fort, which
is the true Pintado, or Painted-bird, iscu-
rionfly fpotted white and blick. Thei<
Heads, and the tips of their Wings and
Tails, are black for about an Inch 5 and
their Wings are alfo.edg'd quite round
with fuch a fmall black Lift ^ only within
the black on the tip of their Wings there
is a white Spot feeming as they fly (for
then their Spots are beft feen) as big as at
Half-crown. All this is on the outfideof
the Tails and Wings ^ and as there is a
white Spot in the black Tip of the Wings,
fo there is in the middle of the Wings
which is white, a black Spot ^ but this,
towards the back of the Bird, turns gradu-
ally to a dark grey. The Back its felf,
from the Head to the Tip of the Tail, and
the Edge of the Wings next to the Back,
are all over- fpotted with fine fmall, round,
white and black Spots, as big as a Silver
Two-pence, and as clofe as they can ftick
one by another : The Belly, Thighs, Sides,
and inner part of the Winds, are of a light
Grey. Thefe Birds, of all thefe forts, fly
many together, never high, but almoft
fweeping the Water. We (hot one a while
after on the Water in a Calm, and a Wa-
fer-Spaniel we had with us brought it in:
I have given a Pifture of it [See Birds. Fig.
1*3 but it was fo damaged, that the Pifture

doth

rhis

If.

^ac€ thtj :P c6 .

"■>

"Thij 7^r^ much r^J^mltli^s
and 'll'awneil hv Txfo .

1h£ :Pxrttada :B'L7^

doth nc
Spots aj
fprcad

TheF
Swallow
Tail.
Spot on
like Swa
They arc
being Fc
call therr
come ab(
don't lov
will hov(
the Wake
fmoothn(
made on
(gently t
nately wi
Upon it 5
from hen(
of Petrel.
ing upon

We a:
weeds in
ment, nes
ftUft d' Ac
20 min.
again det
till hear t
we found
thence, as
I Variation

The Petrel. Variation. p7

doth not (hew it to advantage 5 and its'^"- ^^9$
Spots are beft feen when the Feathers are ^"^^"^^^
fpread as it flies.

The Petrel is a Bird not much unlike a
Swallow, but fmaller, and with a fhorter
Tail. Tis all over black, except a white
Spot on the Rump. They fly fwceping
like Swallows, and very near the Water.
They are not fo often feen in fair Weather 5
being Foul-weather Birds, as our Seamen •
call them,and prefagingaStorm when they
come about a Ship 5 who for that Reafon
don't love to fee them. Tn a Storm they •
will hover clofe under the Ship's Stern, in
the Wake of the Ship (as 'tis call'd) or the
fmoothnefs which the Ship's pafling has
made on the Sea .* And there as they fly
(gently then) they pat the VVater altei?-
nately with their Feet, as if they walk'd
upon it 5 tho' (till upon the Wing. And
from hence the Seamen give them the name
of Petrels^ in allufiori to St. Peter % walk^
ing upon the Lake of Gennefareth.

VVe alfo faw many Bunches of Sea*-
weeds in the Lat. of 59. 32. and by Judg^
ment, near the Meridian of the Ifland Tri-
ftinfj d' Aconha : And then we had about 2 d:
20 min. Eaft Variation 3 which was now
again decreafing as we ran to the Eaft ward,
till hear the Meridian of Afiention ^ where
we found little or no Variation* But froni
I thence, as we ran farther to the Eaft, out
I Variation increafcd Weiterly,

H • Twc

An. 1699.

fowls fhorving the C. of G. Hope near.

Tvro days before Lmade the Cape of
G. Hope^ ray Variation was 7 deg. 58 min.
Weft. I was then in 43 deg. 27 rain.
Eaft Longit. from C. Salvador^ being in
Lat. 35 deg. 30 min. this was the firft of
June. The fecond of Jum I faw a large
black Fowl, with a whitifh flat Bill, fly
by us 5 and took great notice of it, becAufe
in the Eaji-hdia Waggoner, or Pilot-book,
there is mention made of large Fowls, as
big as Ravens, with white flat Bills and
black Feathers, that fly not above 30
Leagues from the Cape^ and are look'd on as
a Sign of ones being near it. My Reck-
oning made me then think my felf above
90 Leagues from the Cape, according to the
Longitude which the Cape hath in the com-
mon Sea-Charts : So that I was in fome
doubt, *vhether thefe were the right
Fowls fpokcn of in the Waggoner 5 or
whether thofe Fowls might not fly farther
offshore than is there mentioned ^ or whe-
ther, as it prov'd, 1 might not be nearer
the Cape than I reckoned my felf to be 5 for
I found, foon after, that I was not then
above 25 or 30 Leagues at moftfrom the
Cape. Whether the fault were in the
Chans laying down the Cape too much to
the Eaft from Brazil, or were rather iQ
our Reckoning, I could not tell: But our
Reckonings are liable to fuch Uncertain-
ties from Steerage, Log, Currents, Half-
Minute-

putec
indee
befide

its Gla
traordi

never
Ano
was the
the laft
7 deg.

)pc near.

Cape of
. 58min.
27 rain,
being in
he firft of
Lw a large
: Bill, fly
t, bccAufe
ilot-book,
Fowls, as
t Bills and
above 30
3ok'd on as
My Reck-
felf above
•ding to the
in the com-
as in fome
the right
jgoner ^ or
t fly farther
*d ^ or whc-
)t be nearer
ftobe^for
as not then
)ft from the
VGXC in the
00 much to
re rather ia
:11 : But our
Uncertain-
rents, Half-
Minute-

Errors in Ships ReckoningSi pp

Minute-Glafles 5 and fometitnes want of ^^^J;J^
Care, ^s in fo long a Run caufe often a
difference of many Leagues in the whole
Account. ^

Moft of my Men that kept Journals im-
puted it to the Half-Minute-Glafles; and
indeed we had not a good Glafs in the Ship
befide the Half- watch or Two-Hour-Glaf- ♦

fes. As for our Half-Minute-Glafles we
tried them all at feveral times, and we
found thofe that we had ufed from Brazil
as much too ftiort, as others we had ufed
before were too long: Which might well
make grear Errors in thofe feveral Reck-
onings. A Ship ought therefore to havt
its Glafles very exaft:; and befldes, an ex-
traordinary care ought to be ufed in hea-
ving the Log, for fear of giving too much
Stray- Line in a moderate Gale 5 and alfo to
ftop quickly in. a brisk Gale, ^or when a
Ship runs 8, 9 or 10 Knots, half a Knot
or a Knot is foon rmi out, and not heeded :
But to prevent danger, when a Man thinks
himfelf near Land, thebeft way is to look
out betimes, and lye by in the Night, for
a Commander may err eafily himfelf^ be*
lide the Errors of thofe under him, tho'
never fo carefully eyed. •

Another thing that (tumbled me here
wz$ the VdrUtion, which, at this time, by
the laft Amplitude I had I found to be but
7 dcg. 58 min> W. whereas th^ Variation

H 7 zt

loo Difftcithies in taking the Variation.

Aih 169.9. at the Cape (from which I found my felf
^ ^ not go Leagues diftant) was then compu-
ted, and truly, about 11 deg. or more :
* And yet a while after this, when I was got
10 Leagues to the Eaftward of the Cape^ I
found the Variation but 10 deg. 40 min.
W. whereas it (hould have been rather more
than at the Cape. Thefe Things, I Qon-
fefs, did puzzle me: Neither was I fully
fatisfied as to the Exaftnefs of the taking
the Variation at Sea : For in a great Sea,
which we often meet with, the Compafs
will traverfe with the motion of theShip^
befides the Ship may and wil 1 deviate fome-
what in fteering, even by the beft Helmf-
nien : And then when you come to take an
Azimuth^ there is often forae difference be-
tween him that looks at the Compafs, and
the Man that takes the Altitude heighth
of the Sun 5 and a fmail Error in each, if
the Error of both fliould be one way, will
make it wide of any great Exaftnefs. But
what was moft (hocking to me, I found
that the Varjation did not always increafe
or decreafe in proportion to the degrees of
Longitude Eaft or Weft 5 as I had a No-
tion they might do to a certain Number of
Degrees of Variation Eaft or Weft, at
iuch or fuch particular Meridians. But
finding in this Voyage that the Difference
of Variation did not bear a regular pro-
£ortion to the difference of Longitude, I
'' wasi

Capt.

was mi
a Sche
wherei
ations
theEc]
Variat]
Line, 1
alfo wl
on eacl
is fo la
wards (
Irreguh
ation tc
as towa
Syftem
which ^
vigatioJ
ingenio
his prol
kinds,
ally Pe]
oblige
of thee
hithertc
fefs my
thing
Matter
the Hifl
ufe tow
Theory
fert a 7
beyond

■4.

Capt. Halley V Scheme of the Variat. i o t

was much pleased to fee it thus, obferv'd in "^^
a Scheme (hewn me after my Return home ,
wherein are reprefented the fsveral Vari-
ations in the AtUrrtkk Sea, on both fides
the Equator 5 and there, the Line of no *

Variation in that Sea is not a Meridian
Line, but goes very oblique, as do thofe
alfo which (he vV the increale of Variation
on each fide of it. In that Draught there
is fo large an Advance made as well to-
wards the Accounting for thofe feemingly
Irregular Increafes and Decreafes of Vari-
ation towards the S, E. Co^Oioi America^
as towards the fi'xing a general Scheme or
Syftem of the Variation every where,
which would be of fuch great ufe in Na*
vigation, that I cannot but hope that the
ingenious Author, Capt. Halky, who to
his profound Skill in all Theories of thefe
kinds, hath added and is adding continu-
ally Perfonal Experiments, will e'er long
oblige the World with a fuller Difcovery
of the courfe of theVariation, which hath
hitherto becna Secret. For my part I pro-
fefs my felf unquaViQedfor pftbrir.gat any
thing of a General Scheme 5 but fince
Matter of Faft,, and whatever increafes
the Hiftory of the Variation, may be of
ufe towards the fettling or confirming the
Theory of it, 1 fliall here once for all in-
fert a Table of all the Variatiofis I obferv'd
beyond the Equator in this Voyage^ both

' H 5 iu

102 Variations obfer^'d in this Voyage.

4n, 1^99' iti going out, and returning back 5 and
^"^^^"^^^^ what Errors there may be in it, I (hall

leave to be corre&ed by the Obfervations

of others,

A Table of Variations.

a W. from St, J ago.

*)£. fromC; Salvador iuBra^iL

June

: iy and

I (hall

vations

A TdWe ^ Variations.
D. M.|D. M

^Hm

Jfij^

535 800 25

6i6 7
836 17

935 59
1235 «o
1435 5
1534 51

3 6
10 3

12 O
20 18
26 13

39 24

40W

»7:34 373^ 8

1934 »7|39 24
2o'34 15,42 25
2233 34;4S 41

2535 ^45 28
■i%36 4049 33
2936 41
3036 I

135 3

433 3
(531 3(

73* 45

1032 3

1133
1331 I

1539

18
23

28 I,

26 43

}4|26 38
25

16 I,
25 36

c E. from C. C. *?'•

?«»«

C 4

15 CO

19 38
21 35

33 50

25 55

24 54

25 i9
24 J

32 15

24 30

22 50

An. tiff.

1699. |S. Lad Longif. Variat. '-''^^^

D55 12
556 22

22 44

2i 4a

5 58 44

19 45 .

266 22

16 40

d69 ?4.

12 20

>69 00

12 2

-^70 21

13 3*

t.72 00

12 29

^74 45

>7S 25

10 28

578 29

9 51

J 84 19

9 11

f85 20

8 9

^85 52

8 40

^86 21

8 20

J^lj

104

An. i«99.

A't*ble of Variatians.

1699.

j»h

Aug.

Sfpt.

Dec,

700. jf

27
29

17
20

27
28

D. M.D. M.iD. M,

S. Lat. Longit. 'Jar iat.

26 4386 16

37 3887 95
a6 5488 I

25 30

24 41

25 200 22

86
'86

Feb.

Mar.

Api

10
II

27
10

»3
30

19 37

19 52

19 45
19 24

18 38
17 16
l6 9
15 37
13 55

13 12

5 I

I 33

o 9

O 12
O 12

o 43

2 43

5 10

5 15

3 32

3 00

4 41

5 10

6 n

6 57
9 la

8 57

9 34

10 55

11 43

6 34*

6 53

2 48/

7 31
15 23

18 00

19 41
00 5^

5 3500 44 A

7 oW

8 ao

7 24

6 6

7 6

7 CO

7 7

6 4®

5 18

6 12

4 3

2 7

2 20

I 47

« 47

6 4
8 25

4 o
($ 26

84s

845

9 50

I o

9 o
8 25W

7 16.

i/ E. from Sharlis. Bay in M NoUatd*

e E, from Babao-Bay in J. 77/wor.

/ E. from C. Mabo in ^. Guinea,

i E. From C. 5^ (Jeo^^e on I. JV. Brifannta.

b W. from <//^^£>.

^/riV

4 Table ef

— *Hi

' Variations.

D. M.

1700.

S, Lat.

Longit.

Variat.

April

1 32

00 37 i

3 coW

Mny

3 00

2 15E

9 $9

06 25 /

15W

^^^

14 33

3 30

I 25

June

19 44

8 7

5 38

19 51

9 58

6 10

19 46

II 6

6 20

■

20 CO

12 22

458

• 6

20 00

14 17

7 20

19 59

i6 oi

6 32

9 57

17 42

8 I

19 48

Nov,

21 i6

f»

27 I

35 35

16 50

27 lO

36 34

18 57

27 II

37 54

17 24

•

38 14

41 40

19 39

29 24

44 47

20 50

•

29 42

47 34

21 38

30 16

49 26

26 CO

30 40

51 24

22 38

31 51

5S 5

22 40

32 55

$6 28

27 10

31 55

57 25

27 10

Dec.

31 57

58 17

24 30

31 5759 33

27 57

32 3,61 45

24 50

i W. from C. Maba.

li At Anchor- off I. Ceram,

I W. from Babao-Br/,

m W. from

fri

inces Ifle I

)v 7avii-}leic

!. \

105

An. 1^99.

Afrit

'Ci..

♦- *

io6

An. 169^

A Tdble of Variations.

1700.

Dec,

J701J

4H.

D. M.

S. Lat

632 15

737 28

833 49
932 49

II 32 50

1331 55
1431 35

1532 21

1733 5
1833 o

2134 39
2234 3d
2334 21
25 34 38
1531 25
1630 5

17^8 ^6
1827 26
1926 II

2025 00

91 23 42
2222 51
2321 48
2421 24

619 57
2719 10

2818 13

29I17 22

D. M
L ongit.

66 00
68 36
«4 38

70 09

71 45

72 32

73 39
75 22

79 39

80 39

82 46

83 19-

83 42

84 21

2 ^2»

4 42
<$ 8

7 32

9 9
JO 49

12 34

14 10

15 17

15 51

16 48

17 22

18 23

19 29

D. M.
Variat.

23 30W
24. 48
21 53

24 00
21 15
20 16
20 00
20 00
i8 42

17 15

16 41

14 36
14 00
14 00
10 20

9 36
8 25

7 40
7 30
7 9
5 55
5 5«
5 32
4 $6
4 20

3 24

4 00
2 00

ff W. from the M/rUnd wC <?. /ft^.

^»'

•

VI.

A iLahU of Variations.

D. M.ID. M 'D. M.

1 701. S. Lat.| Longit. Variat.

T^.

\6\i 52

1711 55
1811 17

1910 22

1^0

4 42

5 30

6 32

I 50W
I 10

1 10

2 1 We made the I. Afcention.

107

An. 1699,

W. from Suntu Helena,

T»— •

But

I oS Meeting the Antelope of London,

An. 1699- But to return from this Digreflion ;

^■^^^""^^^ Having fair Weather, and the Winds hang-
ing Southerly, I jog'd on to the Eaftward,
to make the Cape, On the third of Jnfte
we faw a Sail to Leeward of us, (hewing
ErtjiliJI) Colours. 1 bore away to fpeak
with her, and found her to be the J^/telope
of London^ comuunded by Captain Ham-
Tiiand^ and bound for the Bay of Bengal in
the Service of the New-Eaft-Jnclia Compa-
ny. There were many Paffengers aboard,
going to fettle there under Sir Edward Lit-
tktorr^ who was going chief thither : I
went aboard, and was known by Sir Ed"
ward and Mr. Hedges^ and kindly received

^ and treated by them and the Commnnder ;

who had been afraid of us before, tho* £
had fent one of my Officers aboard. They
had been in at the Cape, and came from
thence the Day before, having ftock'd
themfelves with Refrefliments. They told
me that they were by Reckoning, 60
Miles to the Weft of the Cape, While I was
aboard them, a fine fmall Wefterly Wind
fprang up 5 therefore I fhortned my ftay
with them, becaufe I did not defign to go

^ into the Cape. When I took leave I was

prefented with half a Mutton, 1 2 Cabba-
ges, 1 2 Pumkins, 6 Pound of Butter, 6
Couple of Stock-fifli, and a quantity of
Parfnips 5 fending them fome Oatmeal,
which they wanted.

Frona

The A. pajfes the G. oi G. Hope. 169

Frommyfirft fctiingout ixom EftgUftd^^^- '^99:
I did notdcfign to touch at the C<?pe^ 9aA ^■^^'^'^^
that was one Reafon why I touch'd at Bra-
zil, that there I might refrefh my M(;n,
and prepare them for a long Run to Mw
Hollaffd, We had not yet feen the Land 5
but about 2 in the Afternoon we faw the "^

Cape-hMiA bearing Eaft, at above 16
Leagues diftance : And Captain Hawwoptd
being alfo bound to double the Cape^ we
Jog*d on together this Afternoon and the
next Day, and had feveral fair Sights of
it 5 which maybe feen [Table Ilf. No. 6,
7,8.]

To proceed : Having ftill a Wefterly
Wind, I jog'd on in company with the
Antelope, till Sunday June the 4th at 4 in
the Afternoon, when we parted 5 they
fteering away for the Eajt-lndies, and I
keeping an E. S. E. courfe, the better to
make my way for New Holland: Fortho*
Neno Holland liesNorth-Eafttrly from the
Cape, yet all Ships bound towards that
Coaft, or the Streights of Sunday ought to
keep for a while in the fame Parallel, or in
a Lat. between 5 5 and 40. at lead a little t6
the S. of the Eaft. that they may continue
in a variable Winds way 5 and not venture
too foon to ftand fo far to the North, as to
be within the Verge of the Trade- Wind,
which will put them by their Eaftcrly
. Courfe. TheWindincreafcdupon US5 but

1 1 o Colour d Clouds boding a Storm.

An. ^^99. we had yet fight of the Antelope^ and of the
'-^^^^"^ Land too, till Tuefday the 6th of Jnne :
And then we faw alfo by us an innumer-
able Company of Fowls of divers forts 5
fo that we looked about to fee if there were
not another dead Whale, but faw none.

The Night before, the Sun fct in a black
Cloud, which appeared juft like Land ; and
the Clouds above it were gilded of a dark
red Colour. And on the Tuefday^ as the Sun
drew near the Horizon, the Clouds were
gilded very prettily to the Eye, tho' at the
fame time my Mind dreaded the Confe-
quenccs of it. When the Sun was now
Jiot above 2 deg. high,it entered into a dark
Smoaky-coloured Cloud that lay parallel
* with the Horizon, from whence prefently
feem'd to iffue many dusky blackifti Beams.
The Sky was at this time covered with
fmall hard Clouds (as we call fuch as lye
fcattering about, not likely to Rain) very
thick one by another 5 and fuch of them
as lay next to the Bank of Clouds at the
Horizon, were of a pure Gold colour to 9
or 4 deg. high above the Bank : From thefc
to about I o deg. high they were redder,
and very bright ^ above them they were ot a
darker Colour ftill, to about 6c or 70 deg.
high ^ where the Clouds began to be of their
eommon Colour. I took the more particu*
lar Notice of all this, becaufe I have gene-
rally obferved fuch coloured Clowds to apr

pear

A Storm.

Ill

pear before an approaching Storm : And ^^Vi^*
this being Winter here, and the time for ^"^^^^
bad Weather, I expeftcd and provided for
a violent blaft of Wind ,by riffing our Top-
rails,and giving a ftrift charge to my Of-
ficers to hand them or take them in, if
the Wind (hould grow ftronger. The *
Wind was now at W. N. W. a very brisk
Gale. About 12 a Clock at Night we had
a pale whitifti Glare in the N. W. which
was another Sign, and intimated the Storm
to be near at hand 5 and the Wind increafing
iippn it, we prefently handed our Top-fails,
furled the Main-fail, and went away only
with our Fore-fail. Before 2 in the Morn-
ing it came on very fierce, and wc kept
right before V^ ind and Sea, the Wind ftill
encreafing: But the Ship was very govern-
able, and fteer'd incomparably well At
8 jn the Morning we fettled our Fore-yard,
lowering it 4 or 5 Foot, and we ran very
fwiftly ^ efpecially when the Squals of Rain
or Hail, from a black Cloud, came over
Head, for then it blew exceffive hard,
Thefe, rho* they did not laft long, yet came
very thick and faft one after another. The
Sea alfo ran very high 5 But we running fo
violently before Wind and Sea, we Ship'd
little or no Water 5 tho' a little wa(h*d into
our upper Deck- Ports ^ and with it a
Scuttle or Cuttle-Fifti was caft upon the
Carriage of a Gun.

The

til Seafon of Wcjierly Winds here.

An, 169c. The Wind blew extraordinary hard all
^Y^ IVcdnefday, the 7th of June, but abated of
its fiercenefs before Night: Yet it continu-
ed a brisk Gale till about the 1 6th, and (till
a moderate one til 1 the 1 9th Day 5 by which
time we had run about 600 Leagues: For
the mod: part of which time the Wind was
in fome point of the Weft, vi%, from the
W. N. W. to the S. by W. It blew hard-
eft when at W. or between the W. and S.
W, but after it veered more Southerly the
foul Weather broke up : This I obferved
at other times alfo in thefe Seas, that when
the Storms at'Weft veered to the South-
ward they grew lefs ^ and that when the
Wind cadie to the E. of the S. we had
ftill fmaller Gales, Calms, and fair Wea-
ther. As for the Wefterly Winds on that
fide the Cape^ we like them never the worfe
f:«r being violent, for they drive us the
fafter in the E iftward 5 and are therefore
the only Winds coveted by thofe who Sail
towards fuch parts of the Eajllndies^ as
lye South of the Equator 5 as Timor ^ Java,
and Sumatra 'j and by the Ships bound for
Ciifta^ or any other that are topafs through
the Streigh ts of Supidy, Thofe Ships having
once paft the Cape^ keep commonly pretty
far Southerly,on purpofe to meet with thefe
Weft-winds, which in the Winter Seafod
of thefe Climates they foon meet with 5 for
then the Winds are generally Wefterly at

the

Wind

the Capt
of it: B
get to tl
e're thej
was not
26 deg.
^Norther
. Winds i
long run
cording
to the E
a little t
matter;^
from the
ly or Soi
the Ship
way moi
a Wind,
The I
deg. 1 7 1

59 deg.
and Cain

and c

till the 2
fome tim
aad then
ed in the
W. and !
whicn til
Winds ci

reckonin;
U00L.E

ftirWeal

Winds and Courfe tor^ards New H. 115

the Cape^ andefpecially to the Southward ^n^' 199-
of it: But in their Summer Months they "^^"^ ^
get to the Southward of 40 deg. ufually
e're they meet with the Wefterly Winds. I
was not at this time in a higher Lat. than
36 deg. 4© min. and oftentimes was more
Northerly, altering my Latitude often as
Winds and Weather required ^ forinfuch
long runs 'tis beft to ftiapc ones courfe ac«
cording to the Winds. And if in fleering
to the Eaft, we fliould be obliged to bear
a little to the N. or S. of it, 'tis no great
matter^ for 'tis but Sailing 2 or 3 Points
from the Wind, when 'tis either Norther-
ly or Southerly^ and this not only eafetH
the Ship from ftraining, but (hortens the
way more than if a Ship was kept clofe oil
a Wind, as fome Men are fond of doing.

The 19th of Jn^e we were in Lat. 34;
deg. 1 7 rain. S. and Long, from the Cape
39 deg. Q4min. E. and had fmall Gales
and Calms. The Winds were at N. E. by
E. and continued in' fome part of the E.
till the 27th Day. When it having beeri
fome time at N. N. E. it came about at N.
and then to the W. of the N. and continu-
ed in the Wefl-board (between the N. N;
W, and S. S. W.) till the 4th of jf»/> 5 in
whicn time we ran 782 Miles 5 then the
Winds came jabout again to the Eaft, we
reckoning . our felves to be in a Meridian
uoo L. E^aftof that of the Cape 5 andhaving
ftir Weather founded, but had no Ground.

I We

t][4

An. i6s9

Signs of being near Land.

We met with little of Remark in this
Voyage, befides being accompanied with
Fowls all the way, efpecially Pintado-
Birds, and feeing now and then a Whale :
But as we drew nigher the Coaft of New-
HoSaffd, we faw frequently 3 or 4 Whales
together. When we were about ninety
Leagues from the Land we began to fee
Sea- weeds, all of one fort 5 and as we drew
nigher the Shore we faw them more fre-
quently. At about 30 Leagues didance we
began to fee fome Scuttle-bones floating on
the Water 5 and drawing (till nigher the
Land we faw greater quantities of them.

JhIj 25. being in Lat. 26 deg. 14 min.
S. and Longitude E. from the C. of Good
Hope 85 deg. 52 min. we faw a large Gar-
fifh leap 4 times by us, which feemed to
be as big as a Porpofe. It was now very
fair weather, and the Sea was full of a fort
of very fmall Grafs or Mofs, which as it
floated in the Water feem'd to have been
fome Spawn of Fifh 3 and there was among
it fome fmall Fry. The next day the Sea
was full of fmall round things like Pearl,
fome as big as white Peas 5 they were very
clear and tranfparent, and upon cruftiing
any of them a drop of water would come
forth : The Skin that contain'd the water
was fo thin thatitwasbut juftdifcernable.
Some Weeds fwam by us, fo that we di(I|
not doubt but we (hould quickly fee Land.

■'•'••■ On

On the

us^ and

ps all t

left us.

On the

by us, J

the 291

with mt

lenrRai

vening i

Scuttle-l

young N

their Dc

fome Bo

about 8

not mud

raen call

The 3

Land, w(

and &a-\

not far fi

Fowls the

the whole

ving noN^

i-apwingj

their Ey

Swallows
Wings ill
we met w
ret^, or t

(

On the 27th alfo, fome Weeds fwam by ^"i^j^
iiSj and the Birds that had flown along with ^^OT^
ps ail the way almoft from Brazil^ now
left us, except only 2 or 3 Shear- waters.
On the 28th we faw many Weeds fwim
by us, apd fome Whales,^ blowing. On
the 29tli wc had dark cloudy Weather,
with much Thunder, Lightning, and vio-
lent Rains in the Morning:' But in the E-
vening it grew fair. We faw this Day a
Scuttle-bone fwim by us, and fome of our
young Men a Seal, as it (hould feem by
their Defcription of its Head. I faw alfo
fome Boneta's, and fome Skip jacks, aFifh
about 8 Inches long, broad and fizablc,
not much unlike a Roach 5 which our Sea-
men call fo from their leaping about.

The 3 oth oi July^ being ftill nearer the
Land, we faw abundance of Scuttle-bones
and Slea-weed, more Tokens that we were
not far from it 5 and faw alfo a fort of
Fowls the like of which wc had not feen in
the whole Voyage, all the other Fowls ha-
ving now left us. Thefc were as big as
Lapwings^ of a grey Colour, black about
their Eyes, with red (harp BiUs, long
Wings, Tbeir Tails long and forked like
Swallows 5 and they flew flapping tfieir
Wings like Lapwings. Jn the Afternoon^
we met with a Ripling like a Tide or Cur-
rent, or the Water of fome Shole or OveN
fallj:i^wt>vicfj^f ^itbeforewecouldf^
, . I 2 The

itS hhrohlo'Shoal ittk l^. Holland.

An. i^99.lrhe Birds laft ^mendon'd and this Were

^^"^'^ further ^igtis^df /Larid, Iti tlie^tveiiifig

we had ftir WeaiAibr,*atid a fmall dale;at

Weft. At 8 a Clbfk we foaildcd again^^

blit had no'C^ouiid. *.

We kept on ftiU to the |;Sft#Srd, Vf\ih

an eafy Sail, looking olit torp : For by

the many Signs we had, I did expcftthat

we were near the Land At 1 2 a Clbck

in the Night I founded, and had 45 Pi-

itiorti, conrfe Sand and frtiall white Shells.

I prefently clapt on a Wind atd ftood to

the South, with the Wind at W. becaufe

1 ihought \^e were to' theSbiith of a Shoal

cai!*d the Ahrohtes (an Appellative Istahie

for Shoals, as it feeiils to tn^)' Which in a

Draught I had bf that Cbkft Is lay'd down

in 27 deg. 28 min. Lat. ftrfetehing about

7 Leagues into the Sea. 1 Was the Day

before in 27 dee. 58 min. by^Uecfconing.

And after wkrdsTObring E^.by S. piurj^ofely

to avbid it, ithoiight Irailft havebceiito

the South ofit: Blit foWdiiig kgain, at

One a Cloctk in theMornitig, 'Ang^l theiirft,

webad but 25 Fa'thbtn ■ Cotlal Rocks jind

fo foundthp Shbkl Was tb the Sotith of tis.

We prefentlf hcky igain, and ftoddtothe

. North, and ttidn foon deepncd bqr

Water 3 foi^ at t'wo in the'>4brriing wc Wd

2$ Fathoto Coral ftill : Xt three wd had

;ii$ Cdk^l'grbuhd t /\t x Wie had 36 f a-

• tjibm, courfe Sand, with fofiii: Goiral : At

S we

Is Wir^

dale ^ J
I agaiti '^

d, wRh

For by

peftthat

a Clbck

teShells.
ftood to
, becaufe
>f a Shoal
ve Nahie
hich in a
y'd down
ng about
5 the Day
ecfconing.
piurj^offciy
irebceiito
^gain, at
;. the firft,
ockS|ind
)Uth of t!S.

oddtothe
pncd 6\\t
ngwcWd
ee we had
id 36 pa-
Golpal: Atl

S ^®

Cta-Ue JV.

^"crvr Moltaxid

:P. u

:>r.'i

N, Holla jnd, -finom Tup -nuL/i h^ad tny Zat.xy Xt.jeJX. S. at ■A4A 3*arau,

'K^HoUauaLa, -tht-Jtartd, C'&njh ^rom. 8 X, . JjA : Lai: : zy J>, zSJi.i

lHU,,,l<.l,,tl^hJ,MlilYfMklllll,Hl,IHL,Milll.llu,, i,.,.l,'il,.^.;ll,.,l'll,l,l,ilVi)iL^

ISiSUiilaxjA^ at /'X.dtfi-.in.Xr-at: z0~4t6'iS.
^i;W: -^ '^ ^ S.X.h.S

„/„//t(„////;;.,///./, ,1/,//,., /////////•,.

.:.^,0i*i^p'»i:jmm''r&f.

^.''^

^*^^.

^.:;r.js.±X.

IS, Holland ^a.t $ J,. M/h : in, Ira,t : z ^^JJ' S,

'■rrr.^

^°J- 'S.lloilaLM.^,fvmZttt:z^-Ja . 8 X . /rem y whiu Q£ilU

^.^SKhKk.

M'.'iY'' '■■■ ■ tmf"'^'''-^^ tmtttttiMi^t

^- iO , ithtLS ShtuMthy JiT^ad and J*, ^ofy cA^r JEft .ymaktst ■■

-to y J^.warddt^.'Jront^ :f£€a,eLj'X . mu ^ '"' * 1

:twa :Black.XLacks

^''-l^f-.-f ''tlMt^f^ffH^

5 we had 45 FathQm, cqirfcr Sand and An, 1699.
Shellsv ^n&i(iV, pis; k^e.Sh^ as ap- ^-^VS)

y ir^ left t^e Cdni By all riiif I knew we had
filfen, into tfie ^t^ of' tjp '^s|^^ a;^d
that it was la^id down Wfibng m my Sea-
C%2iXX : Fpr' r fc^undk l;^e hi abpiit 2 7 4eg.
La,t. s^nd bjj^J p^^^ th^ next day, I^

foipd that tfe^ Q^ut war^-e(Jge of it, which;
I rounded oh. ;liies t6iLea sues off Shore*
VVhe^ it v^asday we fte^rbd in E. N. E.
\j{^ith 9^k^&hmkp3i]e;^ bdt i^jdnptfee tlid

La^d til) .9 jn, the ^P^^^^^'P?' when we
fa\y it itqni our Topmaft-h^ and wei;e
diftant from it j^btj| ip Leagu having
then 40 Fathprn-watcr, km clean Sand.
About 2 Hours after wq raw it on our
Quarter- Deck^ b^jipg W Jpi^g^P^^^t at)putf
6 ILcagijes oflf^ and we had tliem 40 Fa^
thpm, clcran S'^nd. As we ran in, this
day and the next, we took feveral Sights
ofit,, at 4iffe»'e4t Bearings ^nd Diftances^
from which it appeared as you fee in [Ta-
hie IV. N% I, 2, 3, 4, 5.] And here I
would Note qnce fof^lU That the Lati-
tqdcrs mark*d in the Draughts, or Sights
here givep, are npt the Latitude of the
tand, but pf the Ship when the Sight was
tak^^n. This Mpri^ing, AngHft the firft,
?s we" were ftanding in we faw feveral
large ^Sea-fowls, like our Gannets on the
Cpaft of EpgUndy flying three or four to-

I 3 gether^

fi'% N. HoUana in tdi^^6^^' ^

4f». i^9yfgether J* arid 4 (pft of white Sea-Mews,
y^^ but black about the Eyes,' arlcj wifh forked
Tails. VVe ftrqyc to run in near the Shore
to feek for a flkrbour to refrefh us after
bur tedious Voyage 5 having made one
continued ftretch from Brnzil hither of a-
bout 114 deg. defigning from hence al-
fo to begin the Difcovery I had a mind to
make on N. Hottand and ^. Guinea. The.
Land was low, and appeared even, and as
we drew nearer to it, it made (as you fee
in Table IV. N°. 3, 4, 5.) with fome red
and fome white Clifts 5 thefe lafl: in Lat.
26. 10 S. where you will find 54 Fathom,
within four Miles of the Shore. . _;.^
About the Lat. of 16 deg. S. we faw
an Opening, and ran in, hopirigtofinda
Harbour there : But when we came to its
Mouth, which was about two Leagiies
wide, we faw Rocks and foul Ground
within, and therefore flood out again :
• There we had 20 Fathom-water within

two mile of the Shore* The Land every
where appeared pretty low, flat and even 3
but with fteep Cliffs to the Sea 5 and when
we came near it there were no Trees,
Shrubs or Grafs to be feen. The Sound-
ings in the Lat. of 26 deg. S. from about
8 or 9 Leagues off till you cqme within a
League of th^ Shore, are generally about
40 Fathom 5 differing but little, feldom
Above three or four Fathom. But the
^^ Lead

r n ^

lews,.

Forked

Shore

Is after

^e faw

) find a

? to its

^agdes

round

igain :

vithin

every

"ven 3

when

frees,

5und-

ibout

hina

ibout

Idom

the .
Lead

T/?e A. ft and s off again. ^ '9 -

Lead brings up very different forts of Ap,\6i<)
Sand, fome courfe, fome fine ^ and of fe- ^"'^"^^^
veral Colours, as Yellow, White, Grey,
Brown, Bluifh and Reddifh.

When I faw there was no Harbour here,
nor good Anchoring, I ftood off to Sea a-
gain, in the Evening of the fecond of Aw
gnfi^ fearing a Storm on a Lee-(hore, in a
place where there was no (liclter, and de-
firing at lead to have Sea-room: For the
Clouds began to grow thick in the VVeft-
ern-board, and the Wind wasalread/
there, and began to blow fre(h almofl:
upon the Shore^ which, at this place lies
along N. N. VV. and S. S. E. By nine a
Clock at Night we had got a pretty good
Offin 5 but the Wind ftill incrcafiiig, I
took in my Main Top-fail, being able to
carry no more Sail than two Courfes and
the Mizen. At two in the Morning, Aug,
3. it blew very hard, and the Sea was
much raifed^ fo that I furled all my Sails
but my Main-fail. Tho' the Wind blew
fo hard, we had yet pretty clear Weather
till Noon: But then the whole Sky was
blackned with thick Clouds, and we had
fome Rain, which would lafl: a quarjter of
an hour at a time, and then it would blow
very fierce while the Squals of Rain were
over our Heads ^ but as foon as they were
gone the Wind was by much abated, the
ftrefs of the Storm being over. We found-

I 4 ed

120 Animal at Sharks-Bay in N. H.

An. 1699 ed feveral times, but bad no Ground till
^■^'^■^^^^ 8 a Clock Aug. the 4tb in the Evening 5
and then had 60 Fathom-water, Coral-
ground. At ten we ad 56 Fathom fine
Sand. At twelve we had 55 Fathom,
fine Sand, of a pale blui(h Colour. It
was now pretty moderate Weather 5 yet
1 made no Sail till Morning ^ but then,
the Wind veering about to the S. W- I
made Sail and flood to the North : And
at f I a Clock the next day, Aug. 5. we
faw Land again, at about 10 Leagues di-
ftance. This Noon we were in Lat. 25
deg. 30 min. and in the Afternoon our
Cook died, an Old Man, who had been
fick a great while, being infirm before
we came out oi England.

The 6 th of Augufi in the Morning we
faw an Opening in the Land, and we ran
into it, and anchored in feven and a half
Fathom-water, 2 miles from the Shore,
clean Sand. It was fomewhat difficult
getting in here, by reafon of many Shoals
we met with ; But I fent my Boat founding
before me. The Mouth of this Sound,
which. I caird Shark's Bay^ lies in about
2 5 deg. S. Lat. and our Reckoning made
its Longitude from the C. of Good Hope
to be about 87 Degrees 5 which is lefs by
195 Leagues than is ufually laid down in
our common Draughts, if our Reckoning
was right, and our Glaffes did not deceive

lis.

Soil]

us.

BayO

IV.

feek
my
The
carry]
todij
Weti
findii
fevers
fearcl
Day
atNi
Tl
fothj
Itapi
youc
gentl
•Tisa
But i
in, t

• fing

Mou

a lat

whii

rede

Gra

gro

hen

wit

ha\

Soil of Sh'dvki'h. i/i N.. Holland, iii

U9. As foon as I came to anchor in this ^"' ^^99'
Bay (of which T have given a Plan, Table -^"'^^^^^
IV. N*. 6.) I fent my boat alhore to
feek for frefli Water : But in the Evenins
my Men returned, having found none.
The next Morning I went afhore my felf,
carrying Pick-axes and Shovels with mc,
to dig for Water 5 and Axes to cut Wood.
We tried in feveral Places for Water, but
finding none after feveral Trials, nor in
feveral Miles Compafs, we left any farther
fearch for it, and fpending the reft of the
Day in cutting Wood, we went aboard
at Night.

The Land is of an indifferent heighth,

fo that it may be feen 9 or 10 Leagues off.

It appears at a diftance very even 5 but as

you come nigher you find there are many

gentle Rifings, tho' none fteep nor high.

Tis all a fteep Shore againft the open Sea ;

But in this Bay or Sound we were now

in, the Land is low by the Sea-fide, ri-

fing gradually in within the Land. The

Mould is Sand by the Sea- fide, producing

a large fort of Sampler, whic!h bears a

white Flower. Farther in, the Mould Is

reddifti, a fort of Sand producing fome

Grafs, Plants, and Shfubs The Grafs

grows in great Tufts, as big as a Budiel,

here and there a Tuft : Being intermixed

with much Heath, much of the kind we

have growing on our Commons in Effg-

122 Vegetables and Birds of Sharks-B.

f^^J^ ttt^d. Of Trees or Shrubs here are divers
^^^^^^ forts 5 but none aboye <cn Foot high :
There Bodies about three Foot about, and
5 or 6 Foot high before you come to the
Branches, which are bu(hy and composed
of fmall Twigs there fpreading abroad,
tho* thick fet, and full of Leaves; which
were rooftly long and narrovv. The Co-
lour of the Leaves was on one fide whi-
ti(b, and on the other green : and the
Bark of the Trees was generally of the
fame colour with the Leaves, of a pale
igreen. Some of tbefe Trees were fweet-
fcented, and reddifh within the Bark, like
Saffafras, but redder. Mod of the Trees
and Shrubs had at this time either Blof-
foms or Berries on them. TheBloflbms of
<he different fort of Trees were of feveral
colours, as red, white, yellow, &c. but
moflly blue : And thefe generally fmelt
very fweet and fragrant, as did fome alfo
of the refl. There were alfo befide fome
Plants, Herbs, and tall Flowers, fome ve-
ry (mall Flowers, growing on the Ground,
that were fweet and beautiful, and for the
moft part unlike any I had feen clfe-
where.

There were but few Land-Fowls ; wc
faw none but Eagles, of the larger forts of
Birds ^ but 5 or 6 forts of fmall Birds. The
biggeft fort of thefe were not bigger than
Larks 3 fome no bigger than Wrens, all

fing-

^■J

cf y tieck

r€d. 8c ty

ike ,^4^ytrf£\

irht^iU

rB.

livers
)igh :
, and
othc
ipos'd
road,
vhlch
eCo-
I whi-
d the
)f the

pale
Weet-
c, like
Trees
Blof-
ms of
everal
. but
fmelt
e alfo
fome
le ve-
ound,
3r the

clfe-

: we
Drtsof
;. The
rthan
IS, all

:PU£i. ^ij T. tx3.

'i3

of y neck, of -thtj htrJ, is
red, 8C -tfurein dt-ffers -front

••' ^

■ikt ^/4/yttf€tttt of T-taly

•A Ccm^ni/^hddy . T.t

ty. J-.j,^

'fe.

a^ .Bill 3c Lea^ of -thu 3ml are cfa. ^St-ta^h'tr^ed.

A particular fort of Guano. 123

lingmgwith great variety of fine (hrill /^^..mp?,
Wotesj and we faw fome of their Nefts ^'^^^
uith young Ones in them. The Water-
Fowls are Ducks, (which had young Oflcs
now, this being the beginningof the Spring
in thefe Farts-) Curlews, Galdens, Crab-
catchers, Cormorants, Gulls, Pelicans 5
and forae Water- Fowl, fuch as I have not
feen any where befides. I have given the
Piftures of 4 feveral Birds on this Coaft,-
[See Birds : Fig. 2, 5, 4, 5.]

The Land' Animals that we faw here
were only a fort of Raccoons, different
from thofe of the Weft-Indies, chiefly a^
to their Legs ^ for thefe have very (hort
Fore-Legs 5 but go jumping upon them
as the others do, (and like them are very
good Meat :) And a fort of Guano*s, of the
fame Ihape and fize with other Guano's,
dcfcrib'd [Vol. I. p. 57.] but differing
from them in three remarkable Particu- *
Jars : For thefe had a larger and uglier
Head, and had no Tail : And at the
Rump, inftead of the Tail there, they had
a (lump of a Tail, which appeared like
another Head 5 but not really fuch, being
without Mouth or Eyes : Yet this Crea-
ture feem'd by this means to have a Head
at each end ^ and, which may be reckoned
a fourth difference, the Legs alfo feem'd all
four of them to be Fore-legs, being all a-
like in (hape and len^h, and feeming by

the

Fijh of Sliarks^Bay.

An. 1499. the Joints and Bending to be qade as if
^^''^'^^ they were to go indifferently either Head
or Tail foremoft. They wei?e fpecklecl
black and yellow like Toads, and had
Scales or Knobs on their Backs like thofe of
Crocodiles, plated on to the Skin, of ftuck
iiito it, as part of the Skin. They are ve».
ry flow in motion ^ and when a Man
comes nigh them they will ftand ftiU and
hifs, not endeavouring to get away.
Their Livers are alfo f'potted black and
yellow: And the Body when opened hath
a very mifavory Smell. I did p^ver fee
fuch ugly Creatures any where but here.
The Guano ? I have obferv*d to be very
good Meat : And I have often eaten of
them with pleafure^ but tho* I have eaten
of Snakes, Crocodiles and Allegators, and
many Creatures that look frightfully e«»
nough, and there arc but few I Ihquld
• have been afraid to eat of, if preft by Hun-
ger, yet I think my Stomach would fcarce
have ferv*d to venture upon thefe N. HoU
I Ufid Guano's, both the Looks and the
Smell of them being fo ofFenfive.

The Se^-fifh that we faw here (for here
was no River, Land or Pond of freflb Wa-
ter to be feen) are chiefly Sharks. There
are abundance of them in this particular
Sound, that I therefore gave it the Name
of Shark* s Bay. Here are alfo Skates,
'i'hornbacks, and other Fifli of the Ray-
kind i

■■{ ■■> '

K'-

as if

Head

:kled

had

)feof

(tuck

e ve*

Man

1 and

iway.

i and

I hath

• fee

here.

very

:enof

eaten

s, and

illy e-'

hquld

' Hqn-

fcarce

id the

r here
bWa-
Therc
icular
Name
)kates,

Ray.

kind 5_

Shells^ T'nrtle^ large Shark. 125

kind ^ (one fort efpecially like the Sea-^»« 1^99/
Devil) and Gar-fi(h, Bonetas, &c. of'^"'^^^'^
Shell-fifh we got here Mufcles, Periwink-
les, Limpits, Oyfters, both of the Pearl-
kind and alfo Eating-Oyfters, as well the
common fort as long Oyfters 5 befide
Cockles, &c. The Shore was lined thick
with many other forts of very ftrange and
beautiful Shells, for variety of Colour and
Shape, moft finely fpotted with Red,
Black, or Yellow, &c. fuch as I have not
feen any where but at this place. I brought
away a great many of theiti^ but loft all,
exc<?pt a very few, and thofe not of the
teft.

'- There are 'alfo fome greenTurtle weigh-
ing about 200 tb. Of thefe we caught 2,
Hvhich the Water Ebbing had left behind
a Ledge bf Rock, which they could not
Weep over. Thefd ferved all my Company
^'Days^ and tliey were indifferent fwect
"Meat. Of the Sharks we caught a great
many, which our Men eat very favourlly.
'Among them vt^e caught one ^hich wa 9 1 1
^ F^Ot Idngi Thel fpace between its a Eyes
'^v^as 20 Inches, arid 18 Inches from one
-Corner bfhls Mouth to khe other. Its
"M^v^ was like a^ Leather Sack, ^ very thick,
' ^nd fo'ton^'th&t^a fliarpKfiife could fcarcc
f (^lit it : ' In whii:h we found the Head arid
- B6iie^ df a^ fH^popatomus 5 the hairy Ups
;;bf A^tlh v^eve ftiU fouudand notputrified.

Vy •• ■!• <■• »-

ani

i26 The A'sftay i« Sharks-Bay.

An. 1699 and the Jaw was alfo firm, out of which
"'^^''^^'^^ we pluckt a great many Teeth, 2 of them
8 Inches long, and as big as a Man's Thumb,
fmall at one end, and a little crooked 5 the
reft not above half fo long. The Maw
was full of Jelly, which ftank extremely :
However I fa ved for a while the Teeth and
the Sharks Jaw : The Flefti of it was divi-
ded among my Men 5 and they took care
that no wafte ftiould be made of it.

Twas the 7th of Atfg, when we came
into Shar k*S'B2y ^ in which we Anchored
at three feveral Places, and ftay'd at the
fir ft of them (on the Weft-fide of the Bay)
till the 1 1 th. During which time we fearch-
ed about, as I faid, for frefti Water,
digging Wells, but to no purpofe. How-
ever, we cut good ftore of Fire-wopd at
this firft Anchoring-place 5 and my Com-
pany were all here very well refreflied with
Raccoons, Turtle, Shark, and other Fifti,
and fomeFovvls 5 fo that we vvercnovv
all much brisker than when we came in
hither. Yetftill I was for ftanding farther
into the Bay, partly becaufe I had a mind
to increafe my ftock of frefti Water, which
was began to be low ^ and parti y for the
fake of Difcovering this part of the Coaft.
I was invited to go further, by feeing from
this Anchoting-placeall open before me 5
vvhich therefore I defigned to fearch before
I left the Bay. So on the 1 1 th about Noon,
f iftccr'd

Sailing about Sharks-Bay. 127

i fteery farther in, with an eafie Sail, be- ^«- 1^99^
caufe we had but (hallow Water: We kept '^'^^^'^
therefore good looking out for fear of
Sholes 5 fometimes (hortning, fomctimes
deepning the Water. About 2 in the
Afternoon we faw the Land a Head that
makes the S. of the Bay, and before Night
we had again Sholdings from that Shore :
And therefore (hortned Sail and flood off
and on all Night, under 2 Top- fails, conti-
nually founding, having never more than
IG Fathom, and feldom Uk than 7. The
Water deepned and (holdned fo very gent-
ly, that in heaving the Lead 5 or 6 times
wefliould fcarce have a Foot difference.
When we came into 7 Fathom either way,
we prefently went about. From this S. part
of the Bay, we could not fee the Land from
whence we came in the Afternoon: And
this Land we found to be an Ifland of ^ or 4
Leagues long, as is feen in the Plain, [Ta- .
ble IV. N". 6.3 but it appearing barren,
I did not ftrive to go nearer it 5 and the ra-
ther becaufe the Winds would not permit
us to do it without much Trouble, and at
the Openings the Water was generally
Shole. I therefore made no farther attempts
in this S. W. and S. part of the Bay, but
fleered away to the Eaftvvard, to fee if
there was any Land that way, for as yet
we had feen none there. On the 1 2th in
thq Morning we pa(s*dt)y the N. Point of

that

■:. ^

1^8 Going out of Sharks-Bay.

Ah. i^9p. that Land and were confirtn'd in the Per-
^'^'"^^'^ fuafion of its being an Ifland, by feeing
siv\ Opening to the Eaft of it, as we had
done on the W. Having fair Weather, a
fmall Gale and fmooth Water, we ftood
further on in the Bay, to fee what Land
was on the E. of it. Our Soundings at
firft were 7 Fathom, which held fo a great
while, but at length it decreas*d to 6.
Then we faw the Land right a-head, that
in the Plan makes the E. of the Bay. We
could not come near it with the Ship, ha-
ving but Shole- water : and it being dange-
rous lying there, and the Land extraordi-
narily low, very unlikely to have frelh
Water (though it had a few Trees on it,
feemingly Mangroves) and much of it pro-
bably covered at High-water, L ftood out
^gainthat Afternoon, deepning the Water,
and before Night anchored in 8 Fathom,
clean white Sand, about the middle of the
Bay. The next day we got up our An^
chor 5 and that Afternoon came to an An-
chor once more near two Iflands, and a
Shole of Coral Rocks that face the Bay.
Here I fcrubb*d my Ship : and finding it
very improbable I (hould get any thing
further here, I made the beft of my way
c^t to Sea again, founding all the way :
but finding by the fliallownefs of the Wa-
ter that there was no going out to Sea to
Ihe Eafl: of the tWQ lilands that £sice the

Bay,

The A. departs from Sharks-Bay. li^

Bay, nor between them, I returned to the ^"^ ><^9?'
Weft Entrance, going out by the fame ^■^"'"^^'^
way I came in at, only on the Eaft inftead
of the Weft, fide of the fmall Shole to be '
fcen in the Plan : In whichChannel we had
lo, 12, and 1:5 Fathom-water, ftill decp-
ning upon us till we were out at Sea. The
day before we came out I fent a Boat a-
flioreto the moft Northerly of the two
Iflands, which is the leaft of them, catch-
ing many fmall Fifti in the mean while
with Hook and Line. The Boats Crew
returning, told me, that the Ifle produces
nothing but a fort of green, fliort, hard,
prickly Grafs, affording neitlier Wood nor
frefli Water ^ and that a Sea broke between
the two Iflands, a fign that the Water
was (hallow. They faw a large Turtle,
and many Skates and Thornbacks, but
caught none.

It was Auguft the 14th when I Sail'd out
of this Bay or Sound, the Mouth of which
lies, as I faid, in 2 5 deg, 5 miri. defigning
to coaft along to the N. E. till I might
commodioufly put in at fome other part of
N. Holland. In paffingout we faw three
Water-Serpents fwimming about in the
Sea, of a yellow Colour, fpotted with
dark brown Spots. They were each a-
bout four Foot long, and about the big-
nefs of a Mans Wrift, and were the firft I
faw on this Coaft; which abounds with

K fevcral

' ffl

1 ^o Coafiwg dong N. Holland.

Aiu \699. feveral fortb of them. We had the Winds
^'^'^ at our fir/l coming out at N. and the Land
lying North-Eiifterly. We plied ofFand on,
getting forward but little till the'next day :
When the Wind coming at S. S. V V. and
S. we began to Goad it along the Shore to
the Northward, keeping at 6 or 7 Leagues
off Shore ^ and founding often, we had
between 40 and 46 Fathom- water, brown
Sand, v/ith fome white Shells. This
1 5^; of Angufl we were in Lat. 24 deg.
41 nJn. On the i6th Day at Nopn we
were in 25 deg. 22 min. The Wind com-
ing at E. by N. we could not keep the
Shore aboard, but were forced to go far-
. ther off, and loft fight of the Land. Then
founding we had no Ground with 80 Fa-
thom-line 5 however the Wind (hortly af-
ter came about again to the Southward,
and then we jog*d on again to the North-
ward, and faw many fmall Dolphins and
Whales, and abundance of Scuttle- (hells
fwimming on the Sea ^ and fome Water-
fnakes every day. The 17th we faw the
Land again, and took a Sight of it. [See
Table IV. N". 7.]

The 1 8th in the Afternoon, being 3 or
4 Leagues off Shore, I faw a Shole- point,
ftretching from the Land into the* Sea, a
League or more. The Sea broke high on
it 5 by which I faw plainly there was a
Sholc there. I flood farther off, and coaft-

ed a

diftai

founc

Sand.

therS

half

AtOi

hadS

noGi

along

Pointi

N. N,

would

being

Ifhouj

ence o

When

tion'd'

ter, W(

Whalei

thers a

ing anc

when V

ter the3

they n

the Sea

a Breac

us, like

Shole-v^

Shole tl

of Wa

Fathon:

indf
.and
Ion,
day:
and
re to
igues
I had
rown
This
.deg.
»n we
com-
p the
far-
Then
?o Fa-
ly af-
ward,
lorth-
isand
.(hells
l^ater-
w the
[See

g3or
point.
Sea, a
ghon
was a
coaft-
ed

Shales^ attd noify Whales. 551

ed a long Shore, to about 7 or 8 Leagues ^»'- ^^99
diftance: And at 12 a Clock at Flight we ^'^'^^'^^^
founded, and had but 20 Fathom, hard
Sand. By this I found I was upon ano-
ther Shole, and fo prefently fleered oflF VV.
half an hour, and had then 40 Fathom.
At One Ml the Morning of the 1 8th day we
had 85 Fathom : By two we could find
no Ground 5 and then I veqtur'd to fteer
along Shore again, due N. which is two
Points wide of the Coaft (that lies here
N. N. E.) for fear of another Shole. I
would not be too far off from the .a-^d,
being defirous to fearch into it whe^ >e7er
I fliould find an opening or any Conveni-
ence of fearching about, for Water, &c.
When we were off the Shole-poin I men-
tioned' where we had but 70 Fathom-wa-
ter, we had in the Night abundance of
Whales about the Ship, fome a-head, o-
thers a-ftern, and fome on each fide blow-
ing and making a very difmalNoife^ but
when we came out again into deeper Wa-
ter they left us. Indeed the Noife that
they made by blowing and dafliing of
the Sea with their Tails, making it all of
a Breach and Fome, was very dreadful to
us, like the breach of the Waves in very
Shole-water, or among Rocks. The
Shole thefe Whales were upon had depth
of Water fufBcient, no lefs than twenty
Fathom, as I faid^ and it lies in Lat. 22

K 2 • dcg.

lii

122

Co4Jiittg along N. Holland,

An. f6po.deg. 2 2 mill. The Shore was generally
'^'^Y^ bold all along li we had met with no Shole
at Sea fiiice the Ahrohlo-^oX^^ when we
firft feJl on the N. Holland Coaft in the Lat.
of 28. till yefterday in the Afternoon, and
this Night. This Morning alfo when we
cxpefted by the Draught wc had with us
to have been 1 1 Leagues off Shore, we
were but 4 ^ fo that either our Draughts
were faulty, which yet hitherto and after-
wards we found true enough as to the ly-
ing of the Coaft, or elfe here was a Tide
unknown to us that deceived us^ tho* we
had found very little of any Tide on this
Coaft hitherto. As to our Winds in the
Coafting thus far, we had been within the
Verge of the General Trade (tho' inter-
rupted by the Storm I mentioned) from the
Lat. of 28, when we fir ft fell in with the
Coaft : And by that time we were in the
Lat of 2$. we had ufually the regular
Trade- wind (which is here S. S. E.) when
we were at any diftance from Shore: But
we had often Sea and Land- Breezes, cfpe-
cially when near Shore, and when in
Sharks-bay 'y and had a particular N. Weft
Wind, or Storm, that fet us in thither.
On this 1 8th of AngHfi we coafted with a
brisk Gale of the True Trade-wind at
S. S. E. very fair and clear Weather 5 but
haling oflfin the Evening to Sea, were next
Morning out of fight of Land 5 and the

Land

rally
hole
I we
iLat.
, and
n we
ithus
?, we
ughts
after-
he ly-
Tide
lo* we
n this
in the
in the
inter-
m the
ththe
in the
egular
when
^: But
, cfpe-
en in

Weft
hither.
7vith a
ind at
r^ but
re next
nd the

Land

l-^n

;/w*

Breex^es on the Coaji of N. Holland 1 3 ^

Land now trending away N. Eafterly, /^»^?
and we being to the Nbrward of it, and ^
the Wind alfo (hrinking from the S. S. E.
to the E. S. E. (that is, from the True
Trade- Wind to the Sea-breeze,as the Land
now lay) we could not get in with the
LaM af^ain yet a-while, fo as to fee it,
tho* we trim'd (harp and kept clofe on a
Wind. VVc were this T9th day in Lar.
21 deg. 42 min. The 2cth wc were in
Lat. 19 deg. ^57 min. and kept clofe on a
Wind to get fight of the Land again, but
could not yet fee it. We had very fair
Weather^ and tho' we were fo far from
the Land as to be out of fight of it, yet
we had the Sea and Land-Breezes. In the .
Night we had the Land-Breeze at S. S. E.
a fmall gentle Gale *, which in the Morn-
ing about Sun-rifing would (hift about
gradually (and withal increafiag in
Strength) till about Noon we (hould have
it at E. S. E. which is the true Sea-breeze
here. Then it would blow a brisk Gale,
fo that we could fcarce carry our Top-fails
double rift : And it would continue j:hu5
till 3 in the Afternoon, when it would
} decreafe again. The Weather was fair all
the while, not a Cloud to be feen ^ but
very hazy, efpecially nigh the Horizon.
We founded feveral times this 20th day,
■ and at firft had no Ground : But had after-
wards from 52 to 45 Fathom, courfe

R 3 browa

:'l :i

1^4 Sea-Serpents. N. Holland.

yjn. idpQ-brown .band, mixt with fmall, brown and
y^"^ white Stones^ with Dints befides in the
Tallow.

The 2 1 ft day alfo we had fmall Land-
breezes in the Night, and Sea-breezes in
the day: And as we faw fome Sea-fnakes
everyday, fothis day we faw a great ma-
ny, of two different forts or fhapes. One
fort was yellow, and about the bignefs of
a Mans Wrift, about 4 Foot long, ha-
ving a flat Tail about 4 Fingers broad.
The other fort was much fmaller and
fliurter, round and fpotted black and yel-
low. This day we founded feveral times,
and had 45 Fathom Sand. We did not
make the Land till Noon, and then faw it
firft from our Topmaft head. It bore S. E.
by E. about 9 Leagues; diftance 5 and it
appeared like a Cape or Head of Land,
The Sea-breeze this day was not fo ftrong
as the day before, and it veered out more 5
fo that we had a fair Wind to run in with
to the Shore, and at Sun-fet anchored in
20 Fathom, clean Sand, about 5 Leagues
from the bluff Point 5 which was not a
Cape (as it appeared at a great diftance)
but the Eaftermoft end of anifland, about
5 or 6 Leagues in length, and one in
breadth. There were 3 or 4 Rocky Iflands
about a League from us between us and
the bluff Pointy and we faw many other
Wands both tothe Eaft and Weft of it, as

" ■ ^ far

nand
11 the

!.and-
:es in

iiakes

t ma-
One
fsof
ha-

road.
and
yel-

mes,
not

[aw it

S.E.

id it

-and.

rong

ore 5

ivith

i in

;ues

n a

ice)

•out
in

nds

her
as

far

Iflands by N. Holland. 155

far as we could fee either way from our A"- »^!?p;
Topmaft-head : And all within them to ^'^'^''^'''^
the S. there was nothing but Iflands of a
pretty heighth, that may be feen 8 or 9
Leagues off. By what we faw of them
they muft have been a Range of Iflinds of
about 20 Leagues in length, ftretching
from E. N. E. to W. S. W. and for
ought I know, as far as to thofe of Sharhs-
Bdjf 5 and to a confiderable breadth alfo,
(for we could fee 9 or 10 Leagues in a*
mong them) towards the Continent or
main Land of N. Holland^ if there be any
fuch thing hereabouts : And by the great
Tides I met with a while afterwards, more
to the N. Eaft, I had a ftrbrig fufpicion
that here might be a kind of Archipelago
of Iflands, and a Paffage poflibly to theS.
of N. Holland and N. Guinea into the great
*y. Sea Eaftward ^ which I had thoughts
alfo of attempting in my return front N*
Guinea (had circumftances permitted) and
told my Officers fo : But I would not at-
tempt it at this time, becaufe we wanted
Water, and could not depend upon find-
ing it there. This place is in the Lat. of
20 deg. 21 min. but in the Draught that
I had of this Coaft, which was Tafwans^
it was laid down in 19 deg. 50 min. and
the Shore is laid down as all along join-
ing in one Body or Continent, with fome
Openings appearing like Rivers^ and not

K 4 like

I ^6 TafmanV Draught reSiijied.

>1w.i6q9. likelflands, asreally they are. Seefevcral
^^;"^^^ Sights of it, Table IV. N% 8, 9, lo. This
Place therefore lies more Northerly by
4c min. than is laid down in Mr. Tafmans
Draught : And befide its being made a
firm, continued Land, only with fome
Openings like the Mouths of Rivers, I
found the Soundings alfo different from
what the prick'd Line of his Courfe flicws
them, and generally fliallower than he
makes them 5 which inclines me to think
that he came not fo near the Shore as his
Line (hews, and fo had deeper Soundings,
and could not fo well diftinguifli the Iflands.
His Meridian or Difference of Longitude
from Sharks-Bay agrees well enough with
my Account, which is 232 Leagues,tho'^ we
differ in Lat. And to confirm my Conje-
ftiire that the Line of his Courfe is made
too near the Shore, at lead not far to the
Eaft of this place, the Water is there fo
fliallow that he could not come there fo
nigh.

But to proceed ^ in the Night we had a
fmall Land-breeze, and in "the Morning
1 weighed Anchor, defigning to run in a-
mong the Iflands, for they had large Chan-
nels between them, of a League wide at
leaft, and fome 2 or 5 Leagues wide. I
fent in my Boat before to found, and if
they found Shole-watcr to return again ^
but if they found Water enough, to go a-

(hore

(hon

1^7

Ranging along N. Holland Ijlands. . ^

(hore on.one of the Iflands, and ftay tiH ^n- 1^99
the Ship came in 5 where they might in^"'^''^
the mean time fearch for Water. So we
followed after with the Ship, founding as
we went in, and had 20 Fathom, till with-
in 2 Leagues of the Bluff head, and then
we had fhole Warer, and very uncertain
Soundings: Yet we ran in dill with anea-
fie Sail, founding and looking out well, •
for this was dangerous Work. When we
cane abreaft of the BlufF-head 3 and about
2 Mile from it, we had but 7 Fathom :
Then we edg'd away from it, but had
no more Water ^ and running in a little
farth*, we had but 4 Fathoms : ^o we
Anchored, immediately^ and yet when we
had veered out a third of a Cable we had .
7 Fathom Water again 5 fo uncertain was
the Water. My Boat came immediately
aboard, and told me that the Illand was ve-
ry Rocky and Dry, and they had little
hopes of finding Water there. I fent them
to found, and bad them, if they found a
Channel of 8 or i o Fathom Water, to keep
on^ and we would follow with the Ship,
We were now about 4 Leagues within the
outer fmall Rocky Iflands, but ftill could
fee nothing but Iflands within us^ forae 5
or 6 Leagues long, others not above a Mile *.
round. The large iflands were pretty
high 5 but all appeared Dry, and moftly
Rocky and Barren. The Rocks Jool^'d of •

Pi "iii

158

Rofcmary-I. its Vegetables^ &c.

a rufty yellow Colour, and 'therefore. I
difpair'd of getting Water on any of them :
but was in fome hopes of findhig a Channel
to run in beyond all thefelilands, could I
have fpent time here, and cither get to the
Main of New Hollartd, or find out fomeo-
ther Iflandsthat mi&ht afford us Water and
other Refrefhments : Befides, that among
• fo many Iflands, we might have found
fome fort of Rich Mineral,or Ambergfeefe,
it being a good Latitude for both thefe„.
but we had not Sailed above a League far-
ther before our Water grew flioler again,
and then wc Anchored in 6 Fathom hard
Sand.

We were now on the inner fide of the
IflandjOn whofe out-fide is the Bluff- point.
Wc rode a League from the Tfland, and I
prefently went afhore, and carried Shovels
to dig for Water, but found none. There
grow here 2 or 3 forts of Shrubs, one juft
likeRofemary^ and therefore I calTd this
Rofemary Ifland. It grew in great plenty
here, but had no fmell. Some of the o-
ther Shrubs had blue and yellow Flowers^
arid we found 2 forts of Grain like Beans .
The one grew on Bufhes ^ the other on a
fort of a creeping Vine that runs along on
the Ground, having very thick broad
Leaves, and the Bloffom like a Bean Blof-
fom, but much larger, and of a deep red
jpolour, looking very Beautiful We faw

here

heref

ers, C

fort o

many

fi(h,

bunda

Rocks

Sea w

many

Snakej

Stones

derouj

We
Leagu(
been t
of . Inl
the Ida
Inhabi
In the 1
ted wii
to fenc
ther oi
go frc
with t\
ter plai
we hac
Winds
from h
theMc
and to

Acc(
the Mc

&:c.

efore I
them :.
hannel
:oijld I
: to the
omeo-
terand
among
found
greefc,

thefcv
uefar-
again,
:i hard

of the
point.

and I
hovels
There
le juft
y this
plenty
the o-
)wers5
leans ;
r on a
ng on
broad

Blof-
?p red
^efaw

here

Departure from Koicimry-h ^29

here fome Cormorants, Gulls, Crabcatch- ^"- 'Upp-
ers, &c, a few fmall Land-Birds, and a '^^"^^'^^
fort of white Parrots,, which flew a great
many together. We found fome Shell-
fifli, viz. Limpits, Perriwinkles, and a-
bundance of fmall Oyfters growing on the
Rocks, which were very fweet- In the
Sea we faw fome green Turtle, a pretty
many Sharks, and abundance of Water^.
Snakes of feveral forts and fizes. The
Stones were all of rufty Colour, and pon-
derous.

We faw a Smoak on an Ifland 5 or 4
Leagues ofFj and here alfo the Bufhes had
been burned, but we found no other fign
of Inhabitants : Twas probable that on
the Iflfand where the Smoak was there were
Inhabitants, and frefli Water for them.
In the Evening I went aboard, and conful-
ted with my Officers whether it was beft
to fend th'ther, or to fearch among any o- •
ther of thefe Iflands with my Boat 5 or elfe
go from hence, and Coafl: along Shore
with the Ship, till we could find fome bet-
ter place than this was to ride in, where
we had (hole water, and lay exposed to
Winds and Tides. They all agreed to go
from hence 5 fo I gave Orders to weigh in
the Morning as foon as it (hould be light,
and to get out with the Land-breeze.

Accordingly, Auguji the 23d, at five m •
the Morning we ran out, having ^ pretty . .

• fredv

■i-MM

^1)^

4 ■ "A

'1^-.^

ill

140 Stirof7g Sea-Breezes. Fiflj.

An, 1699. frefn Land-breeze at S. S. E. By 8 a Clock
^•^^^^ we were got out, and very feafoaabJiy .• ^oi
before 9 the Sea-breeze came on ^ib very
ftrong, and increafing, we took in our
Topfails and ftood off under 2 Courfes and
a Mizen, this being as much Sail as we
could carry. The Sky was clear, there being
not one Cloud to be feen 5 but the Hori zcn
appeared very hazy, and the Sun at fetting
the Night before, and this Morning at ri-
fing, appeared very Red. The Wind con-
tinued very ftrong till twelve, then it be-
gan to abate : I have feldom met with a
ftronger Breeze. Thefe ftrong Sea-breezes
lafted thus in their Turns 3 or 4 Days.
They fprung up with the Sun-rife ; By 9
a Clock they were very ftrong, and fo con-
tinued till Noon, when they began to a-
bate : And by Sun-fet there was litde Wind,
or a Calm till the Land-breezes caaie 5 which
. we ftiould certai*!^^ have in the Morning
about I or a a C'c :k. The Land-breezes
were between the S. S. W. and S. S. E.
The Sea-breezes between the E. N. E and
N. N. E. In the Night while Calm, we
fifli'd with Hook and Line, and caught
good ftore of Fifti, ^)iz. Snappers, Breams,
Old-Wivej, and Dog-fifti. When thefe
laft came we feldom caught any others 5
for if they did not drive aWay the other
Fifti, ytl they would be furs to keep them
&om taking oup Hools, fgr they would

a Clock

Kit' very

ill our

rfes and

I as we
re being
:iorhcn

fetting
ig at rl.
nd con-
m it be-

with a
breezes

Days.

; By 9

fo con-
an to a-
eWind,
^5 which
lornhig
'breezes

E and
i!m, we

caught
5reams,

II there
:)thers ;
^ other
p them

would
firft

'i^i

I »' »i

■• -H

W 1

^s " . •: \

I -I

Pixie. I .

A ':^ij7i -taken on tkt CcaA of JV^t^. J^aiUnl

^A Cuttle izLkin manr C^. j£trlla.nA,

:^.&

rfh^

':f.6

v^ ^ ttnoi*tL

1 kf^"'

^cllani

tt^

^rkj hack\

y>^

^^ 'r\\

A'J^xfh

't.J^,

fUte J,

Uijh of tht- J^-unna kinltakitt on y Catiji ofC^.J^IarQ

^/.

►^ ^2/^ called by -tUe s^amin -tft-t OjJ, "Wift ,

■r.

firft h
greed il
of whi

FiA
On

along

any O

bout 2

day, I

the W

from 3

a little

anchoi

dccreai

Fathoi

farthei

we cai

Fathoi

a half

ings.

long a

breeze

and vv

Shore,

tie, for

Sharks

and fc

Th(

ter all

till I i

head.

from (

Coapwg along N. Holland. 14!

firfl: have them themfelves, biting very^J^^^J^
greedily. We caught alfo a Monk-fifh, ^"^^^
of which I brought home the Pifture. See

FiJI)^ Fi(^. I.

On the 25th of Augnft^ we ftill coafted
along Shore, that we might the better fee
any Opening 5 kept founding, and had a-
bout 20 Fathom clean Sand. The 26th
day, being about four Leagues off Shore,
the Water began gradually to (holdcn
from 20 to 14 Fathom. I was edging in
a little towards the Land, thinking to have
anchored : But prefently after the Water
decreased alrnoft at once, till we had but 5J
Fathom. I durfl: therefore adventure no
farther, but fteer*d out the fame way that
we came in -^ and in a (hort time had 10
Fathom (being then about 4 Leagues and
a half from the Shore) and even Sound-
ings. I fteer'd away E. N. E. coafting a-
long as the Land lies. This Day the Sea-
breezes began to be very moderate again,
and we made the bed of our way along
Shore, only in the Night edging off a lit-
tle for fear of Slides. Ever fince we left
Sharks-Bay we had had fair clear weather,
and fo for a great while Pill.

The 27th day, we had '^o Fathom wa-
ter all night, yet we could not fee Land
till I in the afternoon from our Topraaft-
hcad. By 3 we could jufi: difcern Land
from pur Quarter-deck : We had then 16

Fathonai-

<^,

*/*t

0/^>

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

I.I

■^ IM |2.2
;!f U£ 12.0

iiil

L25 imu ij.6_

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WEST MAIN STRECT

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716)872-4503

•^^r

1 42 NoddyBirds of N. Holland

f^Lj^' Fathom. The Wind was at N. and wc
^^^^^^ (leery E. by N wfiich is but one Point in
on the Land : Yet we decreased our Water
very faft^ for at 4 we had but 9 Fathom 5
the nextCaft but 7, which frighted us^ and
we then tackt inftantly and ftood off : But
in a ftiort time the Wind coming at N. W.
and W. N. W. we tackt again, and ftcer'd
N. N. E. and then deepned our Water a-
gain, and had all night from 15 to 20 Fa-
thom.
. The 28th day we had between 20 and
40 Fathom. We faw no Land this day,
but faw a great piany Snakes and fome
Whales. We faw alfo fome Boobies^ and
Noddy-birds:, and in the night caught one
of thefe laft. It was of another (hape and
colour than any I had feen before. It had
a fmall long Bill, as all of them have, flat
Feet like Ducks Feet 5 its Tail forked
like a Swallow^ but longer and broader,
and the Fork deeper than that of the Sw^tU
low^ with very long Wings : The Top or
Crown- of the Head of this Noddy was
Coal-black, having alfo fmall black ftreaks
round about and dofe to the Eyes 5 and
round thefe ftreaks on each fide, a pretty
broad white circle. The Breaft, Belly,
and under-part of the Wings of this Nod-
dy were white : and the Back and upper-
part of its Wings of a faint black or fmoak
Colour. See a Pifturaof this, and of the

com-

commo
are feen
as well
of -Br/t?
a (bore
fee the
League
When
n-only
till the
bSiild <
as I ha
The
min.
n^any
having
I fteer
noon 1
Sand,
the St
found
thorn
thenc(
gtadu
to 6 1
Eclip
befor
Hori:
not f
hour
hour
onin.

nd vvc
iint in
Water
horn 5
s^and
But
N.W.
fteer'd
Iter a-
ioFa-

oand
J day,
lome
. and
t one
eand
thad
?, flat
)rked
ader,

)por
was
'caks
and
ctty
ellv,
Sfok-
per-
toak
the

An Eclipfe of the Moon. 142

common one. Birds ^ Ffg, 5, 6. Noddies ^^-^^99*
are feen in moft places between the Tropicks^ l^^^Y\J
as well in the Eafi-hdies; and on the Coaft
of Brazil, as in the Weft-Indies. They reft
afhore a nights, and therefore we never
fee them far at Sea, not above 20 or 50
Leagues, unlefs driven off in a Storm.
When they come about a Ship they cora-
n^only perch in the night, and will fitftill
till they are taken by the Seamen. They
b&ild on Cliffs againft the Sea, or Rocks,
as I have faid Vol. I. p. 55.

The 50th day, being in Lat. i3 deg. 21
min. we made the Land again, and fav^
n?any great Smokes near the Shore 5 and
having fair Weather and moderate Breezes,
I fteer'd in towards it. At 4 in the After-
noon I anchored in 8 Fathom water, clear
Sand, about 5 Leagues and a half from
the Shore. 1 prefently fent my Boat to
found.nearer in, and they found 10 Fa-
thom about a mile farther in : And from
thence ftill farther in the water decreafed
gradually to 9,8 j, and at 2 mile diftance
to 6 Fathpm. This Evening we faw an
Eclipfe of the Moon, but it was abating
before the Moon appeared to us 5 for the
Horizon was very hazy, fo that we could
not fee the Moon till (he had been half an
hour above the Horizon : And at two
hours, 22 min. after Sun-fet, by the reclc-
Qning of our Claffes, the Eclipfe was quite

gone.

144 Landing again in N. Holland.

^^Ljl^' goi^c, which was not of many Digits.

^^^ The Moon's Center was then 33 deg. 40
min. high.

, The 3 ift of Angujl betimes in the Morn-
ing I went afhore with lo or 11 Men to
fearch for water. We went armed with
Muskets. and Cutlafles for our defence, ex-
pefting to fee people there ^ and carried
alfo Shovels and. Pickaxes to dig Wells.
When we came near the Shore we faw^
tall black naked Men on the fandy Bay a-
head of us : But as we row'd iii, they went
away. When we were landed, t fent the
Boat with two Men in her to lie a little
from the Shore at an Anchor, to prevent
being feiz'd 5 while the reft of us went af-
ter the 3 black Men, who were now got
on the top of a fmall Hill about a quarter
of a Mile from us, with 8 or 9 Men more
in their Company. They feeing us com-
ing, ran away. When we came on the
top of the Hill where they firit flood, wc
faw a plain Savannah, about half a Mile
from us, farther in from the Sea. There
were feveral Things like Hay-cocks,
ftanding in the Savannah '^ which at a di-
ftancc we thought were Houfes, looking
juft like the Hottentot'% Houfes at the Cape
ofG. Hope : but we found them to be fo
• many Rocks. We fearched about thefe
for water, but could find none, nor any
Houfes 5 nor People, for they were all

gone.

Digits,
'g- 40

Morn-
leri to

with
e, ex-
arried
Wdls.
faw^
Jaya-
vvent
It the
little
event
ntaf-
vgot
larter
more
com-
n the
1, we
Mile
rhere
)cks,
a di-
sking
Cape
iefo
there

any
eall
jone.

hlatwes ofN. Holland. 145

gone. Then we returned again to the ^n- i^
Place where we Landed, and there we^'^^'^^^
dyg for Water.

While we were at work there came 9
or I o of the Natives to a fmall Hill a little
way from us, and flood there menacing
and threatning of us, and making a great
Noife. At laft one of them came towards
us, and the reft fallowed at a diftance. I
went out to meet him, and came within
50 yards of him, making to him all the
Signs of Peace and Friendftiip I could 5
but then he ran away, neither would they
anyofthemftay for us to come nigh
them ^ for we tried two or three times.
At laft I took two Men with me, and
went in the Afternoon along by the Sea-
fide, purpofely to catch one of them, if I
could, of whom I might learn where they
got their ^refh Water. There were lO
or 12 of the Natives a little way off, who
feeing us three going away from the reft
of our Men, followed us at a diflance. [
thought they would follow us: But there
being for a while a Sand-bank between us
and them, that they could not then fee us,
we made a halt, and hid our felves in a
bending of the Sand-bank. They knew
we muft be thereabouts, and being 3 or 4
times our Number, thought to feize us.
5o they difpers'd themfelves, fome going
to the Sea-fhore, and others beating about

M^i

the

I. ■'■jrSi-.TJWWl''^^'."--

■ J)'-I^ |it,jl|jWi|jW>

■MMMlNiN

i4<5 Ndtk/es of N. Holland.

An. 1699 tlie Sand-hills. We knew by what Ren-

ijry^

counter we had had with them in the
Morning that we could enfily but-run
them: So k liitnble young Man that was
with me, feeing (bme of them near, ran
, towards them ; and they for fome time,
ran away before him. But he foon over-
taking them, they faced about and fought
him. Me had ^ Cutlafs, and they had
wooden Lances 5 with which, being ma-
ny of them, they were too hard for him.
When he firft ran towards them I chas'd
two more that were by the Shore : But
fearing how it might be with my young
Man, I turn'd back quickly, and went up
to the top of a Sand hill, whence I faw
him near me, clofely engaged with them.
Upon their feeing me, one of them threw
a Lance at me, that narrowly mifs*d me.
f difcharg'd my Gun to fcare them, but
avoided (hbbting any of them 5 till finding
the young Man in great danger from them,
and my (elf in fome 5 ai^! that tho* the
Gun had a little frighted them at firft, yet
they had foon learnt to defpife it, toffitlg
up their Hands, and crying Pooh^ Pooh^
Peoh'^ and coming on afrefli with a great
Noife, I thought it high time to charge a-
gain, and (hoot one of them, which I did.
The reft, feeing him fall, made a ftand
again 5 and my young Man took the Op-
portunity to difengage himfelf, andcotne

off

was

the

run

was

ran

me,

ver-

ight

had

ma-

him.

has'd

But

3ung

It up

[ faw

dem.

irew

me.

but
iding
hem,

the

)ffing

great
ge a-
Idid.
[ftand
ebp-

off

Natives ofN. Holland. 147

^ff to me 5 my other Man alfo was with ^" '^'99-.
me, who had done nothing all this while, ^■^'^^
having come out unarmed 5 and I return'd
back with my Men, defigning to attempt
the Natives no farther, being very forry
for what had happened already. They
took up their wounded Companion 5 and
my young Man, who had been ftruck
through the Cheek by oneof their Lances,
was afraid it had been poifon'd ; But 1 did
not think that likely. His Wound was
very painful to him, being made with a
blunt Weapon: But he foon recovered
ofit.

Among the N* HallandSrs^ whom we
were thus ciigag'd with, there was one
who by his Appearance and Carriage, as
well in the Morning as this Afternoon,
feem'd to be thechief of them, and a kind
of Prince or Captain among them. He
was a young brisk Man, not very tall, nor
fo perfonable as fome of the reft, tho* more
aftive and couragious : He was painted
(which none of the reft were at all) with
a Circle of white Pafte or Pigment (a fort
of Lime,as we thought) about his Eyes, and
a white ftreak down his Nofe from his
Forehiead to the tip of it. And his Breaft
and fome part of his Arms were rlfo made
white with the fame Paint ^ not for Beauty
or Ornament, one would think, but as
fome wild Indidn Warriors arefaid to do,he

K « feem'd

14S ,' Natives of N. Holland.

^<^>j^ feem*d thereby to defign the looking more
^■'^'^'^^ terrible ^ this his Painting adding very
much to his natural Deformity ^ for they
al! of them have the moft unpleafant Looks
and the word Features of any People that
• ever I faw, tho* I have feen great variety
of Savages. Thefe New Hollanders were
probably the fame fort of People asthofc
I met with otf this Coaft in my Fojdge
roHftdthe World -^ [See Vol. I. p. 464, C^c.'}
for the Place I then touched at was not a-
hove 40 or 50 Leagues to the N. E. of this :
And thefe were much the (ame blinking
Creatures (here being alfo abundance of
the fame kind of Fle(h-flies teizing them)
and with the fame black Skins, and Hair
frizled, tall and thin, &c. as thofe were r
But we had not the opportunity to fee
whether thefe, as the former, wanted two
of their Fore-Teeth.

We faw a great many places where they
had made Fires ; and where there were
cpmmonly 3 or 4 Boughs ftuck up to
Windward of them ^ for the Wind (which
is the Sea breeze) in the day-time blows
always one way with them^ and the Land-
breeze is but fmall By their Fire-places
we (hould always find great heaps of Fifti-
fhells, of feveral forts 5 and 'tis probable
that thefe poor Creatures here lived chiefly
on the Shell-fifli, as thofe I before defcrib'd
did on fmall Fi(h» which they caught in

. .. Wires

[1 ,

fee
two

Tides in N. Holland. 1 45?

Wires or Holes in the Sand at Low- water. ^''- ^^^
Thefe gathered their Sbcll-fini on the^^^
Rocks at Low-water ^ but had no Wires
(that we faw)* whereby to get any other
forts of Fifh: As among the former J faw
not any heaps of Shells as here, though I
know they alfo gathered fome SheU-fifti.
The Lances alfo of thofe were fuch as thefe
had 5 however they being upon an Ifland,
with their Women and Children, and all
in our Power, they did not there ufe them
againft us, as here on the Continent, where
we faw none but fome of the Men under
He-^d, who come out purpofely to obferve
us. We faw no Houfes at either Place 3
and I believe tLey have none, fince the for-
mer People on the Ifland had none, tho*
they had all their Families with them. v

Upon returning to my Men I faw that
tho* they had dug 8 or 9 Foot deep, yet
found no Water. So I returned aboard
that Evening, and the next day, being
September i ft, I fent my Boatfwain albore
to dig deeper, and fent the Sain with him
to catch Fi(h. While f ftaid aboard I ob-
ferved the flowing of the Tide, which
runs very fwift here, fo that our Nun-buoy
would not bear above the Waterto.be
fcen. It flows here (as on that part of
N. Holland I defcrib'd formerly) about 5
Fathom : And here the Flood runs S. E.
by S. till the iaft Quarter 5 then it fets

L 5 right

1 r^ o Nexv Pajf^ge to the SoHth-Sea.

^">^^ right in towards the Shore (which lies
^^^^ here S. S. W. and N. N. E.) and the Ebb
runs N. VV. by N. When the Tides
llackned we fifh'd with HOok and Line,
as we had already done in feveral Places on
this Coaft ^ on which in this Voyage hi-
therto, we had found but little Tides : But
by the Heighth, and Strength, and Courfc
of them hereabouts, it (hould feem that if
there be fuch a Paffaga or Streight going
through Eaftward to the Great SoHth-Sen^
as I faid one might fufpeft, one would ex-

Eeft to find the Mouth of it fomewhere
etween this Place and Rofewary Idand,
which was the part of New Holland I come
laft from.

Next Morning my Men came aboard
and brought a Rundlet of brackifh Water
which they got out of another Well that
they dug in a Place a mile off, and about
half as far from the Shore ^ but this Water
was not fit to drink. However we all
concluded that it would ferve to boil our
Oatmeal, for Burgoo, whereby we might
fave the Remains of our other Water lor
drinking, till we fliould get more 5 and ac-
cordingly the next day we brought aboard
4 Hogiheads of it : But while we were at
work about the Well we were fadly peft^
^r'd with the Flies, which were more
troublefome to us than the Sun^ tho* i^
fhonexlear and ftronjg^ujpon usall the whiter

> I very

lies
;bb

Plants in N. Holland. 15 1

very hot. Ajl ithis while we faw no more ;4"- «^99.
qf rbe Natives, but faw fome of the -^^^^'^
Sijioaks of fome of their fires at 2 or 3
fiiiles diftanpe.

The Land hereabouts was much like
\\\Q part of New HoUafjd that I formerly
fdcfcribed [Vol. I. p. 463.] 'tis lovi^, but
fecmingly barricado*d wiih a long Chain
pf Sand hills to the Sea, that let's nothing
^e fccn of what is farther within Land,
At hi;?h Water the Tides rifiijg fo high as
thev do, the Coaft (hews very low i^ but
when *ris low Water it feems to be of au
indifferent hejgjuh. At low Water-marj:
the Shore is al) R.ocky, fo that then there
is no Landipg with a Boat^ but at hjgJ)
Water a Boat may come in over thofe
flocks to the Sandy Bay, which runs all
^long on tjhjs Coaft. The Land by the
* Sea for about 5 or 600 yards is a dry San-
dy Soil, biearipg only Shrubs ajid Bufhe?
of djyers fprts. Some of thefe had thenj
fit this time of tlie year, yellow Flowers or
Ploffpnis, fop^e blue, and fome white ^ •
pipftof theiggf a Vjcry fragrant SmelJ.
^me had Frqjt likePeafcbds^ in e^hof
j^hicb tharc were ;uft ten fraall Peas : I
opened tpany of them, and found no jupre
t^or lefe. There are alfo here fome of t\^%
fort of Bean which I favv at Rofemnryr
Ifland : And another fort of fmall, red,
p^rd Pulfe, growing in Cpds alfo^ with

L 4 little

LTV

152 Nature of the Land in N. Holland.

^99' little black Eyes like Beans. I know not
their Names, but have feen them ufed of-
ten in the Eaji- Indies for weighing Cold 5
and they make the fame ufe of them at
Gnifted, as I have heard, where the Wo-
men alfo make Bracelets with them to
wear about their Arms. Thefe grow on
Bu(hes 5 but here are alfo a Fruit like
Beans growing on a creeping fort of Shrub-
like Vine. There was great plenty of all
thefe forts of Cod-fruit growing on the
Sand-hills by the Sea -fide, fome of them
green, fome ripe, and fome fallen on the
Ground : But I could not perceive that any
of them had been gathered by the Na-
tives 'j and might not probably be whole-
fome Food.

The Land farther in, that is lower than
what borders on the Sea, was fo much as
we faw of it, very plain and even^ part-
ly Savannahs, and partly Woodland. The
Savannahs bear a fort of thin courfe Grafs.
The Mould is alfo a couffer Sand than
that by the Sea-fide, and in fome places
'tis Clay Here are a great many Rocks
in the large Savannah we were in, which
are 5 or 6 Foot high, and round at top
like a Hay-cock, very remarkable 3 fome
red, and fome white. The Woodland
lies farther in (till 5 where there were di-
vers forts of fmall Trees, fcarce any three
Foot in circumference 5 their Bodies 1 2 or

»4
orBj

fpecl

fmal

faw

or tl

Skin

the

ifs.

Their Beajis^ Fowl and FiJJj. i e 2

i4Foothigh, with a Head of fmallKnibs ^f- 1^99.
or Boughs. By the fides of the Creeks, e* ^'^^'^^^^
fpecially nigh the Sea, there grow a few
fmall black Mangrove-Trees.

There are but few Land-Animals. I
faw fome Lizards^ and my Men faw two
or three Beafts like hungry Wolves, lean
like fo many Skeltons, being nothing but
Skin and Bones: Tis probable that it was
the Foot of one of thofe Beafts that I
mentioned as feen by us in N. HoSafteL
("Vol. I. p. 463.] We faw a Rackotn m
two, ana one fmall fpeckled Snake. ^

The Land-fowls that we faw here were
Crows (juft fuch as ours in EngUnd)
fmall Hawks, and Kites 3 a few of each
fort : But here are plenty of fmall Turtle-
Doves, that are plump, fat'and very go6d
Meat. Here are 2 or 3 forts of fmallef
Birds, fome as big as Larks, fome lefs ^
but not many of either fort. The Sea-
Fowl are Pelicans, Boobies, Noddies,
Curlews, Sea-pies, &c. and but few of
thefe neither.

The Sea is plentifully ftockM with the
largeft Whales that I ever faw 5 but not to
compare with the vaft ones of the Nor^
thern Seas. We faw alfo a great many
Oreen Turtle, but caught none 5 here be-
ing no place to fet a Turtle-Net in 5 here
being no Channel for them, and the Tides
tunning fo ftrong, We faw fome Sharks, j

andi

1^4 ^^ ^« N. HpII^nc^,

4«ji^5n<J P^rr3GQpt$|i apd with Hooks a^i^*
^■'''^^ Lines we eavight fpm^ RpcJcfifb^ndOl^r
Wives. Of Shell-fifli, here were Oyftefft
both of the common kind for Ea{:ipg, an4
^f the Pearl kind : And alfo Wi)ks,Copphs,
Mnfclcs, Uti^pifis, Perriwinkle^, ^c, grj4
I gathered a few ftrange Shells^ chiefly s|
fort not large, and th?ck-fet all abouj: wUjIj
• Rays or Spikes growing in Rows.

And thus having ranged ^bout, a con^r
der^bje timp, qpon this Coaft, withopt
Jpd^g any good fre(h Water, or aqy goht
wenient Place to clean the ShJp, a5 1 ha(|
|iop*d for : A^ It being iporeovier the
iie^^bth of the <|ry Seafon, an4 my Mei^
growing Scor^utifk for want of Rjefrefib-
mmXPy fp tl^a* I had Uttte incofUf?gemeft|:
to fearch furth^^ I refpjived to feave tl^ifi
^&^, and a^GGprdingJy in the beginning
of^^pfpmh^ fetiail towards. Ti^or.

v:t/f.

.*j(

■ Fij

pel

f ■ ! ' ■ ! ' .

:hi^A/

•-.'■iit

^111'

,;ift07p C

fiftsoi

fmall

Jong,

them

pedki

oottoi

bout fij

014t

an4

efly ^

Goniir

itho^t
y com
5 1 ha4
cr the

ly Mei^

ive thi^
r.

C/,i

A«

A N

ACCOUNT

Of fcveral

PLANTS

Colleaedin

Brafil^ Netp Holland^ Timor^ and
Netp Guinea^ referring to the
Figures Engifaven on the Cop-
per Pl^tc^. ,

AB. I. Fig. I. Comffrjhmn itom

Baya in Brazil. The Flower coftn
fifts of a great many Filaments, alraoft 3A
fraall as Hails, betwixt 3 and 4 Inches
long, of aNhKrey-colour^ on the top. of
themftandfinailafti-colomi'd apices. Tfej^
pedicule of the Ftower is. iuclos'd at the
Dottom with fii-e. narrow ftiff Leaves, ar;
bout fix Inches long. There \& one of this
genus in Mr. R^'s Supplement, which a-

greofr

-■•■li

%^6 An Account of Plants.

An. i^99.grees exaftly with this in every refpeft,
^^^^"^^^ only that is twice larger at the leaft. It
was fent from Surindm by the Name of
JAoMoo.

Tab. I. Fig. 2. Jafmlttum Brafilutium
Inteum^ mall limonia folio nervofo^ petalis
crajjis.

Tab. I. Fig. 3. Crijla PavomsBrafiliana
Bardafi£ fdiis. The Leaves are very
tender and like the top Leaves of Barda/ra
MAjor^ both as to (hape aud texture : In
the Figure they are reprefented too fliff
and too much ferrated.:

Tab. I. Fig. 4. Filix BrAfilianaOfmunda
winori ferrMto jolio. This Fern is of that
kind, which bears it's Seed-Veffels iri Lines
on the edge of the Leaves.

Tab. 2. Fig. i. R^pHntimt Nov^ Hoi"
landi£^ flore magno coccimo. The Pm^tn-
thinm composed of five long pointed Parts,,
the Form of the Se^d-Veffeland the fmall-
nefs of the Seeds, together with the irre-.
gular (hape of the Flower ahd thinncfs of
the Leaves, argue thi^s Plant to be a iJ^-
pintium.

Tab. 2. Fig. 2. Fueuf faliis CMpillaceh
ireviffimis^ vejiculis minimii dondtis. This
ckgant fucus is of the BricM Marina or
Sargazo kind, but has much finer parts
than that. It was collefled on this Goaft
of Hm Holland. i

\^a.ntjfc

TaK

fpeft,
\. It
me of

fetalis

'Jiliafta
very
ardand
•e : In
oofliff

•

of that
n Lines

J Parts,,
B fmall-
he irre-
incfs of
ea Ra-

pillaceh
'. This
trind or
er parts
is Goaft

Tab.

Ai^.

in 3i'a,/lt

~\i

I If.

z .

l^antj Jvund in Js^u^ ^^^lla.nd .

Afi Account of Flams. 157

Tab. 2. Fig. 2. Ricwoides Novt UoU^^* '^>9<
idfiie Afigulofo cTdjfo folio. This Plant is ^'^^'^
(hrubby, has thick woolly Leaves, efpeci-
aliy or. :he under fide. Its Fruit is tricoc-
coas, hoary on the out-fide with a Calix
divided into five parts. It comes near
Ricim fruStn parva frncofa CnrdJlfavied^
folio Phyin, P. B. pr.

Tab. 2. Figc 2. Solanum fpinofum Nov£
HolUftdia Phylli foliis fubrotuvdis. This
new SoUnum bears a blewilh Flower like
the others of the (amc Tribe 5 the Leaves
are of a whitifti colour, thick and woolly
on both fides, fcarce an Inch long and near
as broad. The Thorns are very (harp and
thick fet, of a deep Orange colour, efpe-
ciallv towards the Points.

Tab. 3. Fig. i. Scabiofa (forte) Nov^
Hallandi<e^ jlatices foliis fubtus argettteis.
The Flower flaiids on a Foot-ftalk four
Inches long, included in a rough Cali^ of
a yellowifti colour. The Leaves are not
above an Inch long, very narrow like
Thrift, green on the upper and hoary on
the under fide, growing in Tufts. Whe-
ther this Plant be a Scabious ^ Thrift or
Hclichryfum is hard to judge from the im-
pcrfeft Flower of the dry *d Specimen.

Tab. 3. F'g. 2. Alced Nova Hollandi(e
foliis augufiis ntrinqne villofis. The Lea ves»
Stalk,and under fide of the Perianthium of
this P)ant are all woolly. The Petala are

very

158 An Account of Plants.

^!>\P^ very render, five in number,fcarce (o large

^'^ as the Calix ; In tl.'c middle ftandsa Ci7/«.

McUa thick fet with thrurpmy ^f/V«/<f, which

argue this Plant to belong to the Malvacc-

ous kind.

Tab. 5. Fig. 3. Of what Gefju\ thif
Shrub or Tree is, is uncertain, agreeing
with none yet defcribed, as far as can be
judg'd by the State it is in. It has a very
beautiful Flower, of a red colour, as far as
can be guefs'd by the dry Specimen^ con-
fiding of ten large Petal a, hoary on both
fides, efpecially underneath 5 the middle
of the Flower is thick fet with Stumina^
which are woolly at the bottom, the
length of tlie Petala, each of them crown'd
with its Jpex. The Calix is divided inta
five round pointed parts. The Leaves are
like thofe of AnteUftchier Lob, green a top
and very woolly underneath, not running
to A point, as is common in others, but
with an Indenture at the upper end.

Tab. 5. Fig. 4.. Dammar a axNova-Hol^
landU^ Sanamttffd^ fecund^ Chyfii folik.
This new GetiMi was firft fcnt from Am-i,
toyna by Mr. Rnmfhius^ by the name of
JDammara^ of which he tranfmitted two
kinds 5 one with narrow and long ftifF
Leaves, the other with (horter and broad-
er. The firft of them is mentioned in
Mr. Petivers Centnria^ p. 350. by the
name of Arhr Hortenfis Javanornm folik

Vffctt

fo large
; a CoIh'
?, which
lalvacc-

w^ this
greeing
can be
a very
IS far as
S con-
►n both
middle

ti, the
rown'd
pd into
ves are
1 a top
jnning
5, but

a-Hol*

1 Ami
me of
d two
ftifF
)road-
I'd in
the
^folik
vifctt

Ajt Account of Vlatjts, 15^

vlfce amufiioribtH aromatick floribusjpiattis ^n. 1 699,
flamimislutefcentihfis'^ Muf. Pet. As alfo ^'^'^^'^^
in Mr. R^ys Supplement to his Hiftory of
Plants now in the Prefs. This is of the fame
gertffs with them, agreeing both in Flower*
and Fruit, tho* very much differing in
Leaves. The Flowers are ftamineous and
feem to be of an herbaceous colour, groov-
ing among the Leaves, which are Ihort
and almoft round, very ftiifahd ribb'don
the under fide, of a dark green above^ attfl
a pale colour underneath, thick fet on by
pah-s, arifwering one aiidther trofs-ways,
to that they cover the Stalk, The Fruit
is as big as a Pepper-corn, almoft roiind, .
of a whitifh colour^ dry ahd tough, with
a hole on the top, containing fmall Seeds,
Atty oiie that fees this Plant withr^ut its
Seed-Veffels, would take it for an EricA
or SAtiamnnda, The LeaVes of this Plant
are of a very aromatick Tafte.

Tab, 4. Fig. I. Equifetum Nov£ Hot*
latidiie frnUfctus foliis lofrgijjzfms. 'Tis
doubtful whether this be an EqnifetufA or
not 5 the texture of the Leaves agrees beflr
with that ge^^ of any, being articulated
one within another at each Joint, which
is only proper to this Tribe. The longefl:
of them are aoout nine Inches.

Tab. 4. Fig. 2. Cohttea Novie Hollandi^

florihfs af^ptis coccifieis^ umbcUaiiht dijpofitis

htacuU pHirpHrea notatis. There being na

Leu ves to this Plant, 'tis hard to fay what

genm

i6o

An Account of Plants.

^J\i^^ g^n»9 It properly belongs to. The Flow-

Barba Ji

ers are very i!KclotlieC£>//y/e4 Dart?£ jovts
folio jiore coccineo Breyptii 5 of the fame
Scarlet Colour, with a large deep Purple
. Spot in the vexUlum^ but much bigger,
coming all from the fame Point after the
manner of an Umbel. The rudiment of
the Pod is very woolly, and terminates in
a Filament near two Inches long.

Tab. 4, Fig. 3. Conyza Nova HollandU
Mnguflis Rorifmarim foliis. This Plant is
very much branch'd and feems to be
woody. The Flowers ftand on very ftiort
Pedicules, arifing from the Jinus of the
Leaves, which are exaftly like Rofemarj^
only lefs. It taftes very bitter now dry.

Tab. 4. Fig. 4. Mohoh InfnU Timor.
This is a very odd Plant, agreeing with
no defcrib*d genus. The Leaf is almoft
round, green on the upper fide and whi-
tifti underneath, with feveral Fibres run-
ning from the infcrtion of the Pedicule
towards the circumference *tis umbilicated
as Cotyledon aquaticd and Fabd JEgyptia,
The Flowers are white ftanding on fingle
Foot-ftalks, of the (hape of a Strdmonium^
but divided into four points only, as is the
PeriMnthinm,

Tab. 5. Fig. i. Fucuf ex Nova Guineof
uvd marind diSuf^ foliis variis. This
beautiful fucus is thick fet with very fmall
iiorc .tufts Qf Leaves, which by the help

; FJow-

y£ Jovis

? fame
Purple
bigger,
fter the
nent of
nates in

)lla9tdi£
Plant is
> to be
ry (hort
of the

w dry.

Timor,
[ig with
» almofl:
id whi-
res run-
aedicule
ilicated
Ugyptid.
n (ingle
nonium^
as is the

Guinea!

This

ry fmall

:h« help

jTitl*.

'S±:

Jp/antj ivund nt J^u^ JjCvllund SC Timor

'(■

^ — • — ■- — — - - -I ^ — ■■-■ I ■■ — ....,, ■ „ , - ,. — — — - ■

jfVantj -found, in. v S^a, neer , , . .PVi«^ ^ utne.u,

^t (

agre(

y^'

&S^y^ ,"];

An Account of Plants.

of a magnifying Glafs, fcem to be round
and articulated, as if the/ were Seed-Vef-
fels 5 befides thefe, there ate other broad
Leaves, chiefly at the extremity of the
Branches, ferrated on the edges. The
veficuU are rbund, of the bignefs exprefs'd
in the Figure,

Tab. $. Fig. 2. Fucus ex Nova Gnhtea
Flnvtatilk Pt/a»£ jf. B, fotiis, Thefe
Plants are fo ape to vary in tlieir Leaves,
accordingto their different Statts, that *tis
hard to fay this is diftinft from the laft*
It has in feveral Places (not all exprefs'd
in the Figure) forae of the fmall fliort
Leaves, or Seed-Vcffels mentioned in the
former^ which makes me apt to believe it
the fame, gather'd in a different State 5 be-
fides the broad Leaves of that and this
agree as to their Shape and Indentures*

Ani

161

<..4'

I 62

An Account of fome Fijhes that are
Figured in Plate 2. & 3.

See Plate 5. Fig, 5.

THis is a Fi(h of the Tunny-kind, and
agrees well enough with the Fi-
gure in Tab. 3. of the. Appendix to Mr.
Willughbys Hiftory of Fiihes under the
Name of GurahHca ^ it differs fomething,
in the Fins efpecially, from Prfo's Figure
of the GnurMpHCH,

See Plate 3. Figure 4.
This refembles the Figure of the Gfta-
perva waxima candata in WiUughhys Ich*
thyoL Tab. 9. 23. and the Guaparva of
P//3, but does not anfwer their Figures in
every particular.

See Plate 2. Figure 2.
There are 2 forts of Porpujfes: The one
the long-fnouted Porpufs, as the Seamen
call it^ and this is the Dolphin oi thcGreeks.
The other is theBottle-nofe Porpufs, which
is generally thought to be the Phoscena of
Ariftotle.

Plate 2. Figure 7.
^ This is the Guaracapema of Pifo and
Marcgrave^ by others called the Dorado.
Tis Figured in Wil/ughb/s Ichthyol. Tab.
O. t. under the Name of Delpkin Belgk.

THE

Bahal

boi

t are

i, and
he Fi-
toMr.
the

THE

ithing.
Figure

e Gud-
is Ich*
arvd of

jures in

he one
Seamen
* Greeks,
which
fsccna of

Hfo and

ol. Tab.
Belgfs.

THE

INDEX:

ALlcgrance, one of the Canary JJldtidsl
Pag. 4. Hs View from fever/l

Points^ ibid.

Amphisbasna (" Snake) defcribed, 77

Amplitude 5 Difference between the Morning

and Evening Amplitude^ 94

Arifah (Fruit) defcribea. 69

An Account of fet/eral Plants col/eifed in

Brafil, New Holland, Timor, and New

Guinea, referring to the Figures Tab. i,'

2, ^, 4» 5. ^ ^. 155

An Account offome Fijhes that's Figured on

Plate 2. & 3.

Baha de todos los Santos in Brafil, itsHar^
hour 4nd Town dejcrih*d^ 49, &c.

M 2 The

The INDEX.

The Prodft^ and Trade of the Coufilrj^ 5 5

Their Shipping And Timber^ 58

The Soil and truit of the Count rj^ 6 2 , &c.

The Winds and Seafons, ^ 86

The time of cutting Sugar-canes^ 87

Its view from fever al Points^ 48

Bill- Bird deft ri bed, 74

Birds t?/N. Holland, 122, 125

hhk^y funk the Spanijh Galleons near Tene-

• vifFe, 5

Brafil, the Vieiv of its Coajl, 47

Sec Bahia.
Britain (New) an TJIand dijcovered by the
Author^ well-inhabited^ and probably af-
fording rich Commodities^ Preface
Bubbles likefmall Pearl fwimming thick in
the Sed, 114

Cables made of a fort of Hair growing on
Trees in Brafil, 57, ^4

Callavances, a Fruit i> Mayo, 25

Candiry-Jjlands, their ProduS and Trade, 1 1
The CharaSer of their prefent Gover-
nor, 11,12

Cape of Good Hope, its Vievp from feveral
Points, 4^

Cafhew (Fruit) defcribed, 68

Channel (Englijh) a necejfary Caution to
thofe that Sail through it, 3

Chattcring:Crow of Brafil defcribed, 73

Clocking-

CI.
Co

Crt
Cui
Cur
Cur
L
Curi
Cuft

Cute

Dene
Dogi
Dun!

Fift
Fifli

58
,&c.

87
48

74
123

Fene-

^reface
hick in
114

vifig on

57, 64
23
(f<je, II
Govef'
II, 12
! fever d

ttion to

I 73
ocking-

The INDEX.

Clocking-Hens oj Brafil, 74

Coco Nftt Tree in Brafil, 64

Cotton fiyi/O if s growth and defcription^

21, 22, 65
Crufia, 4 Ji?a?/, 25

Curlew, a Fowl, 33

Qurrecoo (Bird) defer ibed 75

Currents /» tbe Sea, from 7deg. 50 rain.
Lar. to 5 deg. 22 min. N. 41

Currefo (f£/WJ 74

Cuftard- Apple, defcrihed 33

Cuttle-iT/^, ;. ^ Plate I. Fig. 3.

Dendees, a fort of Palm berries in Brafil , 7 1

Dogs, y?e Water-Dogs.

Dunghill fW/^/ Brafil, y6

\F,

Fi(h^/N. Holland, 124, 125

Fifti of the Tunny-kind, an account of,

162
Fifli called hy the Seamen the Old- Wife, an

account of, 162

Fkmingo, a Fowl, 23

Flying-Fifli, betwixt the Canaries and C.

Vcrd-Jflandfy 14

Frape-Boat, its ufe at th^ Salt-Pond at

Mayo, i8, &c.

M 3 G.

The INDEX,

CalleoaPintada, aBird^ defcrtb'd. 23, &c.

Galleons (Spanijh) funk by Admiral Blake,

?fear TenerifF, and continue fiill there

Cerret-Dcnnis- j[/7e,iV J Inhabitants defcribed^

Preface
Guano fBe^y^J (?/N. Holland, 123

Guinea.jHe«/, fee Gallena Pintada.
Guinea (New) its Natives^ &c. Pref.

Hammocks 5 Gentlemen carried about in them

at Bahia in Brafil, 59

HoWdiViA Q!iQVf) Coafl defcribed^ 121, &c.

132, &c. 137

Its Natives defcribed^ 145, &c.

Views of feveral Parts of its Coafis and

Iflands from feveral PointSy II7

Jago (St.) I/land and Town,

Its Inhabitants^

ItsProduH,

Its Animals,

Its Road a very bad one.

Its View^
Jenet^ (Bird) defcribed.

99, &c.

3«
33, &c

35, &c.

3«

■4

74
Jcni-

»Iake,
there

rited,

•eface

123

Pref.

nthem

, &c.

C.137
5, &a

hdnA
117

9,8cc.
5,&c.

74
Jeni-

The I N D E X.

Jenipah, or Jenipapah (Fruit) defcribed,

68
Ingwa (Fruit) defcribed^

Laguna in TencrifF, defcribed^ 7

Lancerota, one of the Canary-)/74i;<^^, 4

/// Vievp from fever al Points^ ibid.

Mackcraw (Bird) defcribed^ 73

MilmfQy-Wine grom in the Jflund Tcne-

rifF, 9> I'-

Mayo, one ofC, Verd Iflands^ its View, 14

/// Defcription^ i $

A large Account of the making Salt there^

16, &c.
Its Soil and Produif^ i i , &c.

/// Inhabitants^ 27

Its View from feveral Points^ 14

Mendibee (Fruit) 72

Meri^afah (Fruit) defcribed, 69

Miniola, aF&ppl^ 25

Monk-Pi/&, 141

Muckiftiaw (Fruit) defcribed, lo

Mungaroo (Fruit) defcribed^ lo
Mufteran-de-ova (fr»i/) defcrikd, 7 '

The I N D E X

Noddy-B/W defcribed, 142

Hoxth'W Q{i-Winds give Notice before-hand

of their coming, at Port Oratavia in Te-

neriff, and how provided againft^ 9» ^^

Oratavia, a Port in TenerifF,
Otee (Fruit) defcribedy

4» 9
70

Palm-Berries in Brafil, 7^

Papah, a Fruit defcribed, * 34

Paffage poffibly to the South of New Hol-
land and New Guinea into the great South
Sea Eaftward, I3S> 'S^

Pernambuc more Healthy than other Places

to the Southward^
Petango (Fruit) defcribed^
Petrel (Bird) dejcribed
Petumbo (Fruit) defcribed
Phyfick-Nuts
Pineon (Fruit)
Pintadp Bird defcribed
Plants, an account ofthem^

71
Ibid

95, 96
155

Plants Engraven on Copper;^ Tab. i, 2, 3,
4> 5.

Plants

142

■htutd
» Te-

9,10

4. 9
70

■ 34

! <&»//&
, 150
Places

4»

71
Ibid

5, 96

»55

2, 3,

Plants

The I N D E X.

Plants (jfNew Holland, 1 5 r

Porpufles, Pag. 162 and Figured in Plate 2

of Fijhes^
Portugueze Civil to the Author, 4c;

Rabek, a Fowl,

Raccoon of New Flolland,

flemora (Piflj) Plate 11. Fig. 6.

Rofemary-iyz^W in N. Holland,

The Plant refcmbling Rofemary, from
which the Author gives this Name to the
IJland^ is Figured Tab. 4. N\ 3.

138

Salt, a large Account of the Method of Ma-
king it at Mayo, 16, 8cc.

Salt-Ponds at Mayo, kern only in the dry
Seafon^ and others in the Weft-Indies in
the wet only, 1 7

Santa-Cruz in TenerifF, its Road^ Town and
Harbour defcrihed, 4, 5

Seamen in ^r eat Danget ofSicknefs, hynegr
le&ing to fiift their wet Cloaths in hot
Countries^ 43

Their Ignorance and Ohjlinacy^ a great l/n-
pediment in long Voyas^es^ 45, 85, 8i^
87, 88.

Sea-Weeds, fee Weeds.

Shark ^/N. Holland defcribed, \2%

Sharks-Bay in N. }\o\hxi^ defcvibed, 121,

125, 127.
Shear-

The I N D E X.

Shear- Water (Bird) defcribed^ 95

Ship (the Anthers) fonftdred at Sea^ Pref.
Ship of$o GiMs hniU at Brafil, 58

Skip-jack (Vijh) defcrikd^ 1 1 5

Snake, fee Watcr-Snakc, attd Amphif*
baena.

Sonr-fop (Fruit) dcfcrihed^ 67

Sugar, the way of refining it in Brafil with

cuyy 5 J

Ta^mn-is Dranght re&ified^ 1^6

TenerifFe, 4

Jts Wines and Fruits and Animals^ 9> 10

Its N. W. view, 4

Timber at Brafil as good and more dnrabfe

than any in Europe 58

Timor, Preface

Trees ^/N. Holland, 122

Turtle, lay their Eggs in the wet Seafon, 26

Why not eaten by the Spaniards, as by the

Englilh, 81

Turtle-Doves ^/Brafil, 74

Variation, when it increafed in Sailing Eafi-

Where it decreafed in Sailing Eajierly^ 97

Its nncertainty, and the difficuUy of ta-

iing it^ 99, 100, &c.

93
ref.

hif.

The I N D E X.

A large Table of Variations ohferved in
this Vojage^ 102, 8cc,

Water-Dog of Brafil, 79, 80

Water-Snake of Brafil, its wondtrful man-
ner of catching its Frey^ 79
0/N. Holland, 129, 134
Weeds floating in the Sea^ 14, 97, 1 14, 1 1 j
Whales (dead) eaten by Fawls^ 94
Whales, the catching and ufe of them in
Brafil, 57, 58
Whales tf/N. Holland, 131
Winds uncertain near the LinCf 42

Yemma (Bird) defcribed.

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