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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmAs en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte una empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symbolos suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole ■-<«- signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc, peuvent dtre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtra reproduit en un saul cliche, il 4st Ulmi & partir de I'anglff supArieur gauche de gauche h droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 PETER PARLEY Going to tell about Geography. Take care there ! take care boys ! if you run against my toe, I'll not tell you another story ! // J PETER PARLEY'S METHOD OF TELLING ABOUT GEOGRAPHY TO CHILDREN. WITH NINE MAPS AND SEVENTY-FIVE ENGRAVINGS. /f^NCIPALLY FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS I '3 BURLINGTON : CHAUNCEY GOODRICH. HARTFORD : H. AND F. J. HUNTINGTON. 1830. DISTRICT OP MASSACHUSETTS, TO WIT : BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the nmnt^nfT, i r * -Ow/nc/ Clerk's Ofice. fonrU, year of Uie Independence of tl Uni^ sS r 7 ^^ A^'^^ A. D. 1829, in the fifty- said district, has deposited in tWs office the titl^r »^'"u^ ^"""^^ «• Goodrich, of the proprietor, in the words following to ^^ '"^' °^ ^ ^^' '^^ "^^t whereof he cldaL a^ In confi,rmity tothe A^ctS^^^ ""^ telling about Geography to Children." Act, supplementary to an Act ontitlPfl nn A./V .u ' ^nd also to an Act, entitled "An the copies of Mapsf Charts, and S ^ ^hl .?' ^"'^"'•agement of Learning, by ^curin^ the Umes therein'mention^ and ,S ' tl^. Lnpt" H '"'V ^''T™^^''^ «^ «"^'' copL during and etching historical aid other prS."^ '^ '^"'^"' ''''''"°^^'' ^''^ ^'•^ of designing.^ngraving; r., 7 . . JNO. W. DAVIS, ^^^rk of ths District of Massaclmselts. % \ *'%• . V £». ' V PREFACE. rk'g Office. 29, in the fifty- oodrich, of the f" he clauiis as thepncouras'6- itho! s and piro I entitled, " An ?, by securing ♦"opies, durintf ig, engraving, AVIS, ssadiuselts. .» The author of this httle book, has sought to give to a work designed principally for the use of schools, the attractive qualities of books of amuse- ment. As fiction derives its interest from its resemblance to truth, I can see no reason in the nature of the case, why matters of fact may not be pre- sented in a guise to captivate youth, as well as matters of imagination. One of the principal sources of interest in the inimitable ta^e of Robinson (>rusoe, IS the appearance of reality which the author has thrown over the narrative. Now if fiction thus borrows its attractions from truth, why is it necessary to deal so largely in fiction in the instruction of youth ? Perhaps the sarcasm of the player to the preacher, « we represent fiction as if it IZJ! i^fnJr "^IT^ ^?^^?^ 'i '^ "^^'^ ^^^^^"'" '' applicable to this ■subject The cold and formal style of most books of juvenile knowledge K'ffioX^Se^^^^^ '"'"^ P""^^^^"' ^'"^^'^ '' ^^^--'^' ^ In the present work, I have ventured to treat a subject usually presented Zfv7oZT\'^!''T'- '"}. ^ ««"»T¥t colloquial manner, taking often a ^h?,7"nni^ in ^f^""^^ '" ^^'^ "'" of phraseolog>, in th. method of illustra- severrHm^. hf '^''^"f"'^^* f^ ^^^^^'. I have not hesitated to repeat several times the same thing, whenever it might better suit my purpose in^^^pTT/' "^orethan almost any other youthful study, deals in visible ^?^ M -^^ ^^'^ ^^ ^he most active of the senses, and a larcre amount ^>tfTm'f J'r'''^"' ^'\'^^" ^'^"'^^^- J'^^ this reason. Geography is ^ conZf PnH'> T'' ""^^'l '*"^^? ^""^ '^'^^^^"- '^hey are solne^ able h^rlTp nril^""^ '^' ^V^^ ^^^y ^^^^y P^'^^^^^ i««re ideas and more know- mf Tn T''^''' 'f^'^'^'A }^ '"^^ ^^P*^' ^ '^ P^ese^H than of other sub- flowina .nH .f ^?^^«' ^^ildren have ideas of hills, mountains, water, both of mpn H V'^'TS^ ^•'^'''"'^ ^'"^ dimension,~of forms and shapes,- 01 men and their differences of action, figure and complexion,-of the Vi PREFACE. i II instance, are formed. They dso SeXrt V"'^''"''"'? ■"■ grammar, for l-e onging to the former, much sooner than ^hn«^'? and modes of speecJv . It IS this adaptation of GeoSiv to e rlv^f , *'''^"S'"^'° *e latter. « into almost universal use, ^^ ^?i^ Idv L IT'"''' '^^ »>»« ''^"gl't li.ske It a still fitter subject fo> this nur^os/hv Jv'''""^',!- J '"'^« »ught to manner of its exhibition to ch K 7nd Av n^ "l? *^ '^"S"age and the the purposes both of illustratliSn and associS '"^ "™«™"^ <="«« ^^ ing to^mToCtdl'oVaTofr^liX'^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ « conform- better is furnished, I offe? tWs to nS^ nnH . '"f"' ■"" ""'" something fnends may find it'arausing and ZSe "''"''' ^""^ ''"P" '"y «"'« or.porniKinTj[r .rW^^^^^^^^^^ "-y-f of occasional ful heart. Tlie heart is as capable Tltnl .»f ^.'^'*'"^'P''" *« yuth- l-appmess depends much moreiroon H,rf.^ 'aught as the intellect, and upon the cuWvation of the mTnd "^^ Yefl ?emP,l?^^ "^'" cultivation than IS too often neglected ; for wh"le the tntiw, I "if- """?' P"" of chMren «Ien, the source of feeling aTd sentfme" Us Ut^ift ^^^^ '*" « ^'"y §»■•- eon.sequently shoots up into wild irr^^ J ,„h '^'^. " ""> '" ^^e^s, and passions. The sooner the Senile Si ' ""'1 ^wnefmes over-masterin- «".! genial influences Krovi^humTi.v' ""f^^P ^"^^ «"« g«»"« A principal thing to be aimed at on?i,i» i^v J^'*"^ '■''''g'on. *e better, tioa to the character of tW whoml^^ !,!?■'■'''''' f,'°.«''''P' ""o™! w^tn'c- 10 avoid M^earying and di?Ctinfl^rilHrin^-.r'^ '" •"'"'^'"' ^n^ ''arefnUv admonition. ^""^'''"'^'^^"^'"hunsmtable and unseasonable P. P. I CONTENTS. Lesson I. II. III. IV V. VI VII VIII. IX. X. XI. xn XIII XIV XV. XVI. XVII XVIII. XIX XX. XXI XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. XXVIII. XXIX. XXX. XXXI. XXXII. XXXIII. XXXIV.- XXXV.- XXXVI.- XXXVII.- XXXVI II.- XXXIX.- XL.- XLL- XLII.- XLIIl- XIJV.- XLV.- General Description of tho Earth, •General Divisions of the World, General Divisions continued, -How Nations and Countries differ, ,— How the Animals and Vegetables of Countries Differ, , — Various Matters and Things, — Parley Tells of his Travels, , , — Parley's Travels Continued, , — Parley Tells of Africa and Asia, ■Al)out Maps.— Western Hemisphere, , — Western Hemisphere, , — Maps-Continued. — Eastern Hemisphere, — About the situation of Countries, , — Map of North America, — Q,uestions on the Map, — Nortli America, . , -Map of South America, -Q,uestions on tlie Map, -South America, , -HLstory of America, . -America, .... -About Europe, . . , -Questions on the Map, -Alxjut Europe, . . , -History of Europe, -Map of Asia, -Quostions on the Map of Asia, -Asia, Continued, -Asiatic Islands, -History of Asia, -History of Asia, Continued, -History of Asia, Continued, -History of Asia, Continued, -History of Asia, Continued, -Map of Africa, . -Questions on the Map of Africa, -Africa, .... -African Islands, -History of Africa, , , -New-Holland, ■Various Matters and Things, -Parley tells about Civilization, -Government, . , , •Religion, .... -Conclusion, , , , 11 12 15 16 13 19 21 23 24 25 27 28 29 31 32 33 38 39 40 42 49 51 52 53 61 69 70 70 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 90 91 96 97 101 i03 1(M loa 109 114 IM \ Hi ^1 INTRODUCTORY LESSON. " _^ Queationa to my little Reader. What place do you live in ? Is it a town or a city yon live in? What is a town ? Whatisacitv? Which way is North 7 Which South? Which way is East? Which West? Have you ever been in any other town or city than the one you live in? If you have, what was the name of that town? "^ °"« y^" "vein? In going \o that town, which way did you go ? What town lies next the place in which yoS live, on the north? What town is next, on tiit east? What next, on the west? What next, on the South? What County do you live in? Do you know what a County is? What State do you live in ? wS'^''^-'S'^''°^^'r^^^P^^<^«yo"livein? ' ' Which way is New- York? Which way is Hartford? Which way is Philadelphia? Ilave you ever seen a river? J|[ you have, what was it called ? . . Will you describe a river ? Have you ever seen a mountain? . If you have, what was it called? Describe a mountain ? •• Did you ever see the sea, or ocean? ' ' What is the sea, land or water ? Is the land smooth and level, like the water? * Are towns built on the water, or on the land 1 Where is the sky? Where are the stars ? IJp you known what the shape of the world is? Ijm you ever hear of England? Did you ever see anylx)dy who has been in England? Dp you know which way England lies? IJid you ever hear of Asia? Do you know which way Asia lies? Mmcting him how to do so Thp nlE ^', """'j''''?" "l? PUP'I » >mable to answer, by in- ctumtances of pupils. '"^ "l"^"""' """ "^ <» be a litUe varied to suit the different di- , by nrldressirji^ answer, by in- ic different cir- lf« Mill J) -^ cai-'M WF nx T,T, «^4 a. Sun li t! o tl fl tl tl tl car por ^m. Sun GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN W _ ^ '«•.. LESSON FIRST. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE EARTH. 1. Here is a picture of the World, or the Earth we live upon. It is round you see, and seems to swino- in the air like a great ball. It is surrounded by the hea- vens, or a sky and stars. 2. The surface of the world is divided into land and water, as you will see by the picture. Men live on the land, and build towns and cities upon it; animals of various kinds also live on the land ; vessels sail on the water, and fish live in the water. 3. Vessels sail around the world on all sides of it as a fly would crawl around an apple. If you look at the picture, you will see vessels sailing in various directions 4. Men and animals live on the land on all sides of the world. They have a sky and stars above them, let them be m what part of the world they may. If you were to go to Asia, or Africa, or any other country, there would still b e stars over your head . cJlllsf ?loCrba?f '^d"ZZ^^ t^'/T' '^f P'= V? ^ "^"^^y ^he general idea that tJ,e 1* 12 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. I 5 Now geography is a description of the world; ittells lis ot Its shape, and how it is divided; and it describe^^ the men and ammals that live upon it. Geography is therefore a very useful and interesting study ^ ^ ^ '^ 1 am now gomg to ask you some questions to see if you remember what I have told you. 1 «r, . , , Questions. wu !r *"*P® °^ ^^^^ w^""'*^ «•■ earth 1 What does It seem to swin? in the air like 1 *l"a<'>8 the earth surrounded liyl wr!*"'.'? ^'"^ ^'"■'•'^^ "f tJ^e earth divided into'/ What hve on the land 1 What Bail on the water ? What Hve in the wcter 1 3. Ijjke wluit do vessels sail around the earth 7 W. T? *""""" ^ ^'''*^ ""'y «n «"« «de of the world, or on all sides of it 1 What do men 8e« above them, in all ,H,rt8 of the world 7 ^ '^ ^ ^J.'l''^' vi lipi Mj % 3 13 around upon the country. There are mountains, hills plains, and valleys on the land. 3. Mountains are high elevations of land : they are usually rocky, and in America are generally covered with trees : sometimes they send forth fire and smoke at their tops, and then they are called volcanoes. 4. Hills are smaller elevations of land. Vallies are low portions of land, usually between hills and moun- tains. Plains are level portions of land. 5. Here is a picture ot a mountain, valley, liill, plain and volcano. ' Valley. HilL Volcana 6. Large portions of land are called continents. America, which we live upon, is a continent. 7. There are two continents on the world: the con- tinent ot America, or Western continent ; and the ^as.em contaieut, on which are Kurope, Asia, and Alrica, about which I shall tell you bjr and by. I il M Si • n 14 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. -'■'"T^'t^rssf^i^^^^^^ ^■A ^^m GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 15 [d, which iuent, on th-Ame- ' world, e white ^e with up and What are there on the land 1 3. What are mount-iins 1 What are volcanoes 1 4. What are hills ? What are vallies 1 What are plains 1 6. What are called cx)ntinents ? 7. How many continents are there % What are tt ♦wo continents 7 8. What continent do we live upon 1 What is the northern part of the American continent called 1 What is the soutliern prt called 1 9. Are Europe, Asia, and Africa, called the Eastern or Western contmenti What large island is tliere near the Eastern continent 1 The piipil should be here made to understand that two nearly opposite sides of the globe are occupied by laiid, and tliat vast oceans lie between the land, and occupy Uie rest of the surface of tlie globe. "^ LESSON THIRD. GENERAL DIVISIONS CONTINUED. 1. More than half of the surface of the world is water. Water, as you probably know, is smooth, ex- cept when the wind raises w aves upon it. 2. The largest portions of water are very extensive and are called oceans. An ocean looks blue and boundless like the sky. Vessels sail around the world on the ocean, as you have seen in the picture facing page 11. 3. The ocean is sometimes called the sea. But pro- perly speaking a sea is a smaller extent of water than an ocean, and is nearly surrounded by land. I shall tell you more about the sea by and by. 4. There are multitudes of fish, of various forms and sizes, livmg in the water. The largest fish are whales ; some whales are as large as the steeple of a meeting- no use. 16 kl ■■: ; if If si M GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN, r \Yu,. ,. ^ , Questions. . Jl*«t IS properly a sen 7 ^•Yr,''^''^'"t'ie water? What arc the larfT.st fish? How large are some wluilesi LESSON FOURTH. "^^ NATIONS AND COUNTRIES DIFFER. 4 aHLTTir'" P^^P''^ '^^ while Tn others countries tl p ni i ''*''^^' copper-coloured. In some coZtS tTaTet^Sr""^'^ '^ '^"^^' ^" ''^^'^^ others kk'nt '"r*'^?^ *''" '^"^' •« ^^'e» cultivated, in otheis It IS a waste m ilderness : in some places ih. nno- GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 17 B alike in ± in dill i-frica, or ople, the differing u see in , in the liey eat, 'S. I others ti some 1 otlier ited, in pie are kind, in others cruel. In some lands thev wor SjTeSi" "'"-"■«)' worship .he s™, are, InC; 6. Here are some pictures which show you how verv differently people dress and appear in different cou^tS One of these pictures represents people of EnmnP p„h one represents people of Asia. t-urope, and , .' Questions, 1. Arc the people alike in all parts of the world J . ^re the pcoS!3 of Xlnllr.' ^'" ^' ^"^^^^ l^u me people of Qll countries worship God 1 2iS (1 1(1 •i it V I m 18 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. LESSON FIFTH. HOW THE ANIMALS AND VEGETABLES OF COUNTRIES DIFFER 1. Not only do the people differ in different countries, but the animals also are very various. 2 Horses, dogs, cats, mice, and some other animals are found m almost all parts of the world. But here IS a picture of the Lion, which is found only in Africa and Asia : here is a picture of the White Bear, which is 1^- r 1 • uiiiy ioujia in tiie nortiiern part of North- America. i ountries, animals, But here in Africa IT, which GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. I9 3. Nor do countries differ only in respect to the men and annuals that mhabit them. The trees, plants and flowers of one country differ from those of anotE coL the CfC- *^^ ; /««th-America produces cottee , the West-Indies produce the cane from which sugar IS made. In short, the productions of differrnt countries are as various as the people or the animals in . , .r . . Questions. 1 . Do countries differ only in respect to the people 7 iiu J ^""'''\'^.^'"-? ^""""^ '" al"»«st all paits of the worldl Wha amnial IS found only in ABia and Afrk«r Wha IS found only m North-America 7 3. Are the trees, plants, and flowers of all countries alike 1 4. W.at plant or vegetable does China prST What pant does South-America prodiicel What plant is found in the West-Indies 1 LESSON SIXTH. ■ VARIOUS MATTERS AND THINGS. face of"i1,? rTK*°*'i?'*'-'J I" ^^''^'''^ te™« how the sur- face ot the earth is divided into land and wafPr nn ^Di'i* ^'"' !°.'K'"="=''y in lire United States? -. IS Plulailciphia a large or small city J What can you say of the streets 1 a I8 rpte^™'r„3°" -^'"^ « <^ U„M StateB which U is pleasant to visit . •- What does every city present to a traveller J • 4. In What part of the world do we Uvel nd many id see dif- omething eople not nd not to ;e North- )untry is sive men- le South. page 14. anguage a great ^Lmerica, ! of these A^merica icondas. se. ISlt'l GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 23 What is our country called ? 6. What great c.Mes aie tliere in South-America ? What great animals are there m South-America 1 LESSON EIGHTH. PARLEY'S TRAVELS CONTINUED. on the ocean. But when tliP wi^/i w^ u * J° ®^'' brokp!!fn^ •''^''^1' ^^^ ^°^* i» the ocean. They are t4 Sve tae STr* ""I" "";"'' <'"«'• '" Europe; t>. There are several kinffs in Enrnvfp r • sevprnl I.: ,^ ^ ^"'S" 1" Europe. 1 y sftfltl and bf. ''"'^^ "'^''^"- * ^"^ te" you abou. :Wby ( :' 'J!! i i 24 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. Qui ^ lesUons. Where is Europe 1 I.s Eurojw a small place? 2. What lies between this country and Europe? What ocean is it necessary to cross to go to Europe? 3. How long does it take a vessel to go to Europe ? Is it always pleasant to sail on the ocean ? 4. Are many vessels lost at sea ? What happens to vessels at sea ? 5. Are there many countries in Europe ? What fine things have dioy in Europe 1 G. Have tliey any kings in Europe ? ' LESSON NINTH. PARLEY TELLS OF AFRICA AND ASIA. 1. There is a very extensive country which lies to the southeast of us, called Africa. You will see it on the picture at page 14. It is necessary to cross tb Atlantic Ocean in order to go to Africa. 2. The people of Africa are principally negroes. There are elephants in Africa, and ostriches also. Ele- phants are the largest of land animals, and ostriches are the largest of birds. They cannot fly, but they run! as fast as a horse. Their eggs are as big as a child's head !| 3. Asia is also to be seen on the picture at page Ml It is nearly on the side of the globe opposite tc us, aDdl a person by going a great distance either east or west, would come to it. If you will take an apple, and stick a pm on one side of it, and then another on the opposite side, one jpiu ^^^U represent the situation of America,? and the otiiei pi i ^ ill represent that of Asia. which lies to' will see it on to cross the! ally negroes, les also. Ele-| ind ostrichesi but they runj child's head!} e at page 14 J tte to us, aT)q east or west,; )le, and stick the opposite of America, lia. WESTEJQT HEMISFHEKE. 'it' li 1 j: H ! MM •^"ii GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 25 4. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of us, between our country and Asia. It is a vast distance to Asia. It takes a vessel four or five months to sail to Asia. 5. Asia IS a great country. There are more people m Asia than m all the rest of the world. The people m Asia are generally dark coloured. 6. We get tea from Asia, as I have told you before. We also get beautiful silks from Asia which are brought m ships. 1 ig-ers are found in Asia ; they are beautiful but iierce animals that fight dreadful battles with the lion. Questions, • 1. What pxtensive country lins to the southeast of us) \> hat cK:eau is it necessary to cross to go to Africa ? Wh '♦ • ". ^'^"''^ "'■•'. ^'"^ {"■'"'^ipal inhabitants of Africa 1 >Jlmt animals arc there in Africa? - * 3. \\ here is Asia situated 1 ] Hmv cun you sliow how Asia and America are situated on Uie dobe ? 4. >\ lint ocean h<-s to die west of us ? ^ Is it far to Asia? * Ji . How long does it take n vessel to sail to Asia? ' * ^ d e. Is Asia a large or small country 1 . m g W '. ? '!•'■ '"■ '::''"l''^^^»»" of the people of Asia? 0- ^Iwt do we got from Asia? ' What auirnald are found in Asia? ^ V / s. LESSON TENTH. ABOUT MAPS.— WESTERN HEMISPHERE. 1. I MUST now tell you about maps. Maps are pictures or representations of the surface of tlie earth. I'li,. v re- present the shape of continents, islands, oceans, seks i ^^ ''^^""^rHV FOR CHILDREN. lakes rivers &e r^^ deal from ^^ps'' ^^"^-q^ently you can learn a ^reat Ifr SturntLlT4 v1'^ % '^'-^^^ «^ ^^e world of the land is the So it IZ "^'^ ''' '^'^' the shape Ii"s side of the worid s !"n 'T^P '^^ '» t^'e picture •"'Mere. It includeras vo" . .f *''^ ^^'<^slern/}Zl :|u« Of .,.e A«.:.Ks;trxf ^ri . '^- ^ Piace that is nnrf h ^r ^i ;» "orth latitude; 1 place sou t%'T/'''*«^ ''^ '^'^^ to be '?»ieni south lat tud^ A ? "^ the equator is sa^ f'^ty-nine miles. A plate 1^'?- "' ^^^''ade is aboT •lorth latitude is abn„f • /''^'^^''ore in 10 de-reeVnr "orth of the e,;:tt"' ^" ''""'^^'^ -d nin^^^'X "• Ine north pole i« th^ ^ earth; the south^not't S! "««.* "^''them part of iU. ""- '" "'^ "lost southern part. "" ^ ^ a great he world, t'ie shape e picture. '^^ ffcmi^ >f Arneri- ftJiePa- m south, ^ee vari- d down east or ^dc, and e eqiia- ddJe of ^rn and 1 to be is said about •ees of niiles GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. Questions. 1. >\ iiat are maps? What do maps represent 1 2. What d,je8 the map of the Western Hemisphere inchidc? 8. \\h.'itpartofamapisNorth'? East? West? South? H hat do the hnes up and down a map mean ? What IS longitude 1 4. VVhat do the lines that go across a map mean? VV hat IS latitude ? * What is the equator ? Into what does the equator divide the earth? 6. In what latitude is a place north of the equator said to be ? If a place is south of the equator in what latitude is it said to be? How many mdes is a degree of latitude ? i bbiu w oe f How far is 10 degrees of north latitude from the equat>r 1 i.ri ^^ "'"'^^ northern part of the world ? What is tlie most southern part? 27 Ck V42V LESSON ELEVENTH. I AM now going to ask you some questions, the an- swers to whicli you must find on the map of the Wes- tern Hemisphere. f ^ ^^ ^^tCCSftOf) ^ THE PUPIL SHOULD HAVE THE MAP nEFORE HIM WHEN HE ANfiwr»« What continent is on the map of tlie Western Hemisphere? ANSWERS. Into what two great portions is America divided ? *''lmS^,"''""'='' '^'""'^ '" "o"^ « ""* '■"!'"<•«' An, U.ey ea« or we« of NorU. Wliere are Bcrrings Straits? What two countries are separated by Herrings Straits 1 Wmt hue or parallel of latitude crosses New-Ze„lar.d? Where is the island of Newfoundland? Whwltn '^ -^ N^'w-Zenland in north or soutl, latitude 1 >JhKh way 18 Cape Horn from the island of New-Zealand 1 Which way are the SandwirhlBlnnd«.v kI r-v-.^-r' w . . Which way is Cape Hurn from-Newfoundiand r"" " '"''^'"^ ' V> hich way arc Uic West-Indies from Uie island of Juan Fernandez 1 28 lif f GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. LESSON TWELFTH. - "AP.-CONT.NUED.-E.STERN HEMISPHERE. and loH,..ae, t,.e e^uXt^aMVi^r/nS^^^ Eastern HeinisSe! ^ '^ '^ *''" '"«P «f the 2. Wl.nr iJr,-, J co'intncs are on one continent? Is A»,u nortl, „r south „f the enuolorl J> hut ocean hes east of Asia? ""*" *'"'^°P« ' What .Mhnnw connects Africa with Asia 1 W r "'■' \'"^ i\'.^'y Monnt..ins7 ''"' >Vlicre are the Uimmaleh Mouiitaixw] E ASTURJiT BEMISPHERB. RE. pliere, which eat island of s- Europe, )ntinent. s of latitude 1 and south ch you can ^'dp of the iiinca? Sumatra 1 I T- m 1! 1 i : 1 n lo If u.ii J I IfH^ 1 ■■ GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 29 What country lies near the north polel What islands lie near the equator 1 Where is China"? Between what lines of latitude is the island of Formosa 1 New-Guinea 1 Java 7 Philinnine Islands? St. Helena? Van Diemen's Land 1 Between what lines of longitude is die island of St. Helena 1 Van Diemen's Londl Philippine Islands 1 Whatlmeof longitude runs through Java? Borneo? New-Guinea? Sumatra? Which way is St. Helena from New-Holland ? The Philippine Islands from Pormoea ? xxr^^u^ New-Gmnea? The Cape of Good Hope from tlie Mediterranean Sea ? W hich way is Madagascar from Japan ? New-Holland from Europe ? New-Holland from the isthmus oi Suez ? Van Diemen's Land from Cape of Good Hope ? LESSON THIRTEENTH. ABOUT THE SITUATION OF COUNTRIES. I SHALL now ask you some questions ; if you cannot Inswer them, you must get some one to assist you to \o so. Perhaps your parents, or your brothers and pters, or some of your little friends, or your teacher, all do it. You must never be ashamed to ask for in- [ormation. Questions. Point your finger toward the Eastern Continent. Which is most northerly, Europe or South-America ? Which is farthest south, New-Holland or the United States of America? If? New-Holland east or west of where we live ? What country is nearly opposite to us on the globe ? Point your finger toward China. Toward New-HoUand. Toward Europe. Toward Aft-icii. Toward Asia. Toward Souih-America. If you were going to Europe, how should you go ? In what direction should you go 1 80 ■ ill GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. THE p.„„. ., ^, "T "'" """"^'^^ °« ^^«HERa pass through a part of ti NORTH. CO W en Thef • SOUTH. ^. IS. Pjl .understand the pror rtraight line is nearly und "pl%^^«fi'^eratLt pass Uirough a part of Wit on the flow, low the countries Ue J ill MH li I 1! II 1 KAMBUrCA. m GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 31 LESSON FOURTEENTH. r*^ ^ . MAP OF NORTH-AMERICA. ' '" 1. Here is a Map of North-America. You will ob- Tve lines formed of small dots on the map. These •e called boundaries, and show the divisions between ifferent countries. The small circles, like the letter show where large towns are. 2. The principal countries of North-America are reenland, British America, the United States, Mexico |nd Guatimala. ' 3. The principal Islands are Newfoundland, Cuba t. Dommgo, and Jamaica— these three last, with other lands near them, are called the West-Indies. Thev re between North and South-America. 4 The largest rivers are the Missouri, Mississippi, nd St. Lawrence. There are many other rivers, such s the Connecticut, Hudson, Merrimack, &c. which are ot on this map. 5. The principal lakes are Slave, Winnipeg, Superior, ichigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. 6. The principal ranges of mountains are the AUe- •hanies. Rocky Mountains, and Cordilleras. '^\ "^^^ P^^^^ipal towns or cities are Boston, New- ork,Phdadelphia, Washington, Baltimore, Charleston, mcmnati,^and New-Orleans, in the United States; lue^ec and Montreal, in Canada; Mexico, in Mexico: avana, in Cuba ; Guatimala, in Guatimala. w 32 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 1 fornia^''' P™''^'' ^^^' ^'^ '^'""^ «f Mexico and Cali- 9. The principal bays are Baffin's and Hudson's. »* nat do small circloR lilcp tim i.,tf„.. "S""y > o- '''lilt are the r)nrir (I'll «o]....r4„ xi ■" -f»"" ricn f I LESSON FlFTEExNTH. t . ,. . QUESTIONS ON THE MAP M Lore IS &,« ParewclH Cape St I,n™ , n T,'"""'''" ^"'""mial ^' Int.. „mt pm- docs the river Mfiislp™^^ In .. what ri,er d,«s the Missouri en2 1 lnt.Mvhat ptlf does the St. UwrenlSI;™ J B;:4X ft:°/'l3lfiS:„t\^;t°"^^^^^ ^I'T /r '*'™' Tt.. Island off Vancouver's Island? ine Facihc? The Canbbeon Sea? Columbia Rivor? I In Guatimalal leboc ? Savannah ? GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREx^. LESSON SIXTEENTH. NORTH AMERICA. 33 Native Indians of Nortli America. 1. I am now going to tell you about some of the 3 0UDtries_tha t you have seen on the map. 2. Greenlaud is a very cold country. Many of the hills and mountains are ahvays covered with ice. It is a desolate and dreary land, producing miserable trees and shrubs. The people are short, indolent, and weak, and are said not to be very neat in their mode of living. They live principally on the flesh of seals, tiic BKiiis oi vvliirii iimiiP rn*:»ir Inhabitants of Greenland -i^*3■l5'-'p^/;•.H# 5 li, , 1 ''■:. 1 ' Mi» 34 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN, x^ewioundland, Nova-Scotia, and New-Brunswick View of duebec, Ihc largest town in BriUsh America. The people of tliis country are English Scntrh .J French and their descendants. TlSf^e all ^?m .ativc Irdians in this territory. It is extremely c^ij here in winter, and very warm in summer. ^ cli Jt> N( T( no lat py I'ul GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. View of the Capitol at Washington. 4. The United States are 24 in number. Tlieir names are Maine, Nevv-Hampsliire, Vermont, Massa- • Imsetts, Rliode Island, Connecticut, New- York New. ^.Tsey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia IVor h Caroima, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky; Icnnessee, Ohio, Lomsiana, Indiana, Mississippi lUil nois, Alabama, Missouri. n > "• 1 ^j '^'m. ""^^ '^•■^^''''■" ^'^*^« ^^^ «ft*'n called Ncw-En-r- ivrri .P^^P'^"*" ^^'^ U'"^''*! states are very hap- py. They have a fine country, whicli produces beauti- lul trees, a plenty of grain, and delicious fruits. 3 m n I I GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 6. Mexico is an extensive country, remarkable for its mines ol silver and gold. A great deal ot the silver money we see is dug out of the mountains, in Mexico, in small pieces, and then made into money. 7. Guatimala is a very uneven country, lying on the narrow strip of land which unites North !) to South America. Tliey have ivImmI^h'""'^'"'''"!"'- , terrible earthquakes here in ^ h i the earth shakes, and sometimes opens anj ^vvaiiovvs up many people and houses. ^P^^«^ ^«^ r 3 m West India Ncgroo8, Dancing. 8, riie West Iiulies arc a group of islands Ivinff in ine GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 1 extensive for its mines A. great deal r we see is ►untains, in es, and then ^ery uneven he narrow nites North Tliey have 3 here, in opens, and P Atlantic Ocean between North and South America near the Gulf of Mexico. Cuba and St. Domingo are the largest of the West India Islands. There are many negroes m the West Indies, who perform nearly all the labour. They are very gay, however, and when their work is done, they love to dance. In summer it is very hot m tnese islands : they produce rum, sugar, and molasses; these are all made from sugar cane, which grows like our corn. Questions, 2. Is Greenland a cold or hot country 1 What can you tell mo of the hills and mountains 1 Is It a cheerful or a dreary country ? What kind of trees and shi-ubs does Greenland produce 1 „n ^ ^^""^ ^'' P"-"P'- iiiliabit Greenland ? 3. Why is British America so called 7 What does British America include ? Whatpeopleinlmbit British America? • 4. U hat Js the number of Uie United States? 1 ell me the names of them ? Which of tlie United States do you live in 1 wZ/- .f^'"'-*'^"". '■'''' '"^""'^^^ on the North? East? West? Snith? VV hat IS the pnncipal town ill Uie State you live in? Tlj^ nrincinai riv.S ' • . niountams? ^ *»v.in» um. prmcipai jutjs? llic pruiti|».i| D. Which of the United States are called New-Endand? Arc the people of tlie United States happy? « * What can you say of the country and its productions ? m'retV°"?rf^T^' What is it remarkable fi,r1 Where is a great deal of Uio silver money we see, obtained 1 / . What can you say of Guatimala ? ' "'"^'"''^ * 8. What are the West Indies 1 W'here do they lie ? Which arc the largest? What do Uic ^^•cst India Islands produco 1 rinirin tiie ii tiiv --MB MmM 4 i I li ■0> •'■ ♦ i » •; n 1 1! ■ ! , i i m "^^ GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. LESSOxN SEVENTEENTH. »IAP OF SOUTH AMERICA. Here is a map of South America. The princinal cotmtnes of Soutli America are Colombia ^GuS ern, Bohvu, Bra.il, Umted Provinces, ChHi^ 3 Patagonia. ' ^""h ^niu I'lie largest rirers in the Avorkl are to be found in South An,en,m The Amazon is the largest river o lie globe: the La Plata and Oronoco afe al^ 'erl large river.s. cn»u veiy The Andes is a very lofty range of mountains with TheSwtr"'^- 'I'^f ("g'-tpeak is cSomf Ihe peaks of these mountams are always covered «itl» - lie And. s, iImj higiu'st Moiiutfiins in Aniuiica. snow, while in the valleys beneath it is alwavs summer 1 r ?i 1 1 1 1 1 n /^ ..V t i t i t i i i i V S.AMERrCiS.. lie principal >iaj Guiana, Chili, and be found in est river on e also very itains, with Ihimborazo. )vered \\ith rs summer, ipe on llie r* i; i4l it! p III !* ijajii iIl GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 39 fJtf T "'°™t^'^'»'' are volcanoes, which send miles off ^"^ "'"'^' '''' *'' ^"^ ''^^'■'^ liundreds of Potos? E"?n,V''^''n '^'' ^"'*°' P'-^ramaribo, Lima, of th^ir T^"''"' ^"^^^^^ ^y''^'^' Santiago. Rlnn^ with a gieat deal of gold and silver. ,vi . , Questions. Wta. arc the principal countries of Siiilii America! AUcre arc the Imgest rivers in the world? " hat IS the largest river in the world ? What is the highest peak of the Andos? What are the prmdpal towns in South America 1 Bolivia? Chili? Unitr.l Rio Jan^}i»()] LESSON EIGHTEENTH. . ^ QUESTIONS ON THE MAP. ^ovLS^t:i«!;::;S^^ «"--^ Brazil? Peru? S^. W In;^.^^^^,!:/^ S.f ^'^^^0 ? Paramari^ ? Where is Capo' Vela ? S oone ? P ' ^ H^"^ £?"' P«ta?"nia ? Where does the .^n.,z„n e.npt? t wS si Tl t*^'^"' '^.[".^ ^ay of Panama? Francisco? The TocnntS TheO onoco? ^" ^'*''" ^'^ "''^ '^^ '^ ^'^^^^ '^I*^ nvrr "^X^^i^:!?^^''^'-^ JuanPernaade.? The Gallapagos ? Trinidad? Oor«.., ^S?"t^r^°^'^^'^"^«- Bogota? Quito? Buenos Ayres? R., Jan^h.? nS;LS?^ fentj::^^^^^^ Pntosi? Lima? BnonosAvre«, .... y:::^;^:-:^^^^-^^^^^^^ u... w^onuheisia.,:; Wluch is must easterly, Cape St. Roque or Boston ? I I if ill ml '}" ' 40 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. In what direction is Cape Horn from New- York? W'liat \)iins of North America arc between iiie same degrees of longitude as Colombia and I'fTU I M'hich i»j most easterly, Potosi or Washington 1 LESSON NINETEENTH. SOUTH AMERICA. Native Indians of South America. 1. South America is a very extensive country, with very rich mines of golJ and silver, but it is in an un- settled state. The people, for many years, have been involved in war, and they are very far from being as happy as the people of the United States. 2. In consequence of the wars and revolutions in South America, and the almost exclusive attention paid to working the mines, the lands are poorly cultivated; I uc; |ji;:;v7J7ic are nut iiiuiisiiiuus 1 «»V,' |^»^\^|^iV^, ►^^^►■'JlVt^-', ».ti»^ Xt.\J\l 11J.V.I llld/J. is linppy or rich without industry. anu no uatiuu GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 41 as Colombia and Ltrv, with in an im- lave been om being lutions in ition paid iltivated ; 10 liatiuii 3. The inhabitants are principally Spanish and Por- tuguese, and the descendants of Spanish and Portu- Gentlemen and Ladies of South America. ffuese, and they are very fond of parade and costly dress. There are also many persons from all parts of Europe and America. There are, beside, many native Indians m South America ; some of them are wild yet brave, hospitable, and generous. 4. South America produces a great deal of silver and gold; also diamonds and other precious stones. Sil- \^r and gold are dug from the earth, or washed from the sand, which contains small particles of silver and gold. 3* i 42 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. of .Megro Slaves wasliing for Diamonds. Dianionds are washed from the sand that comes dou'ii from the mountains. Questions. 1. Is South America a large or small country 1 What is tlio state of South Amt-rica? Are the people as hoppy as we are? 2. Arc tlie people of Soutlj America industrious 1 Can a nation be hapjiy williout industry 1 3. What are tiie greater part of the inhabitants of SouUi America? Are tliore many native Indians in South America ? 4. What does South America produce? Where is gold and silver obtained? Where are diamonds found ? LESSON TWENTIETH. HISTORY OF AMERICA. 1. Geography tells you about the present state of a country ; history will tell you what has happened in that country in former times. Be] Afj thi{ r c shi] Jnu it comes tate of a pened in GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 43 2. America was mliabited only by wandering tribes ot Indians till it was discovered by Christopher Colum- bus m the year 1492 ; that is, more than 300 years a^ Columbus discovers America. Before this discovery the people of Europe, Asia, and A rica, had no idea that there was such a continent as tins on the globe. shL ^°}^^^1^ '^ame to the country with a few small snips, llie story of his life and vovasres is exceed ino-lv mieresting. You should read Washington "irving's 44 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. ' K- i . h Sil' account of Columbus as soon as you can, for it is a delightful book. 4. Columbus carried to Europe the story of his disco- veries. Then many people came over to see the country, and obtain gold and silver ; and the adventures of many of those persons who first came to America are very remarkable, but I cannot tell you about them now. 5. South America and Mexico were settled by people from Spain and Portugal. The Spanish and Portu- guese treated the native Indians with extreme cruelty. They took away their lands, took possession of their wealth, and subdued them to their dominion. The most wicked injustice was practised in South America and Mexico by the Europeans. 6. That part of North America now occupied by the United States was principally settled by people from England. The first settlement was made in 1607 in Virginia : New-England was settled in 1620, by some people called Puritans, who first landed at Plymouth, in Massachusetts. 7. Canada, and nearly all that is called British Ame- rica, was originally settled by the French. 8. For a long time these countries remained subject to the government or dominion of the several Euro- pean powers, under whose authority they were first GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 45 The first settlement in Virginia. settled. South-America and Mexico continued to be ruled by Spain and Portugal, the English colonies by England, and the Canadas by E'rance. 9. But by and by the English colonies, being un- justly treated by the king and government of Eng- land, declared themselves independent, and after a long and bloody v^ar, they became a free nation, un- der the title of the United States. This happened m 46 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. ! [I f about filty years ago, ana ever since the country has been generally prosperous and happy. The following picture represents the famous battle of Bunker Hill near Boston, in which General Warren was killed ' 10. The Canadas were before conquered by the armies of England, and have remained ever since, that is for about seventy years, subject to the government of SMkL GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 47 try has llowing er HilL led. by tlie e, that [lent of £Sn? 1 " • T''^ following picture represents the deadi ot the brave General Wolfe, who was killed in taking duebec from the French 11. South America and Mexico, within a few years have liberated themselves from the dominion of ^nain' and tormed independent gorernments. These govern^ inenu liowever, are yet unsettled, and tiie countries fTr^r a^ T'^ '''PPy "^ P^^Perous than in former tunes. Ihey have Irequent blo(.,ly wars; but it w to be hoped these evils will soon disappear 48 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. ir 12. Brazil, a part of South America, still remains under its former dominion. The King of Portugal has removed to Brazil, and governs the people. Here fol- lows a picture of some Brazilian hunters. 13. Guiana is subject to vari- ous European powers. Pata- gonia has ever remained prmci- pally inhabited by native In- dians, who are said to be very savage. 14. The West Indies have ev«er since their discovery be- longed to European govern- ments, except St. Domingo or Hayti. Several of them hai^e frequently changed owners, Brazilian Hunters. sometimes bcing talccu by one government, and then by another. The native Indians * have disappeared from them. There are many ne- groes who are slaves in the West Indies. The labour is generally performed by the negroes. 15. Cuba belongs now to Spain; Jamaica to Great Britain ; and St. Domingo or Hayti, a few years ago, became independent, and is now governed by ne- groes. emams ^al has 3re fol- to vari- Pata- priiici- ive In- 3e very s have ivj be- ^overn- ngo or ft hai^e ►wners, by one [ndians * ny ne- labour Great rs ago, by ne- GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. Questions, 49 i W^^^*^' Geography tell you 7 What does History tell you 1 discovery of America 1 ^ v^oiumous I About how long u it smce the 3. How did Columbus come to America? 4. WImt was the consequence of CoIumbus»s discovery? 0. ay whom were South America and Mexico settlpH 1 Hnw a;a ♦»,« c • u j « treat tlie native Indians ? °^ ^^ ^ ^h^ish and Portugiioso 6. What part of North America was settled by Uie English? /. Who first settled Canada? 8. How did these several countries remain for a lonff time ? Who nlHT^^p T-'l^'T ^"*^ ^^"•^ ^d Mexico ? vviio ruled the English colonies 1 *^"« ruled over tlie Canadas ? ■S^f' ^' ?^ ^*'^ English colonies at length do ? What did they become aRer a bloody war 1 How long since was this war ? •A wi^*^^ !"^^ ^"^^ ^^^ «^^ o*" ^he country since 1 10. What happened to the Canadas ? How long since they were conquered by the Encrlish? 1 1 wi Ti"^ . '^«"»»"0'i liavc they remained eve? since ? Wit rS.e?i"5 .? S«"th-America and Mexico within a few years? in ^r,"'^"'^ ^^^01 their governments? it rr *^^" y^^ ^^y ^^ '^''«^iJ ^ : & v™ ™ftfWL?KJr *" ''"^°"" ^™"p°"^ '"'■'"•■'«' ' 15. To whom dcx« Culm belong-! JamoicaJ By whom 18 St. Domingo liow governed J LESSON TWENTY-FIRST. 1. I HAVE now told you about the continent of America. It is a great extent of land, you see, with vast ranges of mountains, and the largest lakes and rivers in tlie world. Its whole len)*th is nearly 9000 miles : and it contains 35 millions of noonio 50 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. Ill ;H ii|'!i|if I 2. It is inhabited by various nations, ruled by vari- ous governments, and different portions of it enjoy dif- ferent degrees of happiness. 3. In the northern parts, as in Greenland, it is ex- tremely cold, and the produce of the earth is scarcely sufficient to support life. In the more southern por- tions, as the United States, the climate is less severe, and the fruits of the earth are abundant. 4. In places near the equator, as Mexico, the West Indies, and a part of South America, there is no win- ter ; the trees and plants are always green, and fruits and flowers are visible at all seasons. 5. The houses, food, and dress of the people in dif- ferent parts of America are very different ; in somie parts the houses are good, in others they are very poor, and the same may be said of food and dress. There is no part of America, however, where the people are generally so comfortable and happy as in the United States, where we live. Questions. 1. Descril)f the continent of Amrrica. What is il8 whole lenifth ? What is tlie whole number of iiihabitants \ 2. How or by whom is it inhabit/^d 1 Are the noople in all parts equally happy 7 3. Is it cohl w hot in tho northern parts of America T How in it in GrcfulaiKi? How if the dinuitc in the United States 1 4. In w'iut placi^s is there no winter? What is always the stiite of the trees and plants in these places 1 What is always visible in thos«' jilacfs near tlie otiuator ? & What can you say of the housrs, fotxi, and dress m dilfprent part^ of Aiiiericuf Wliat people of Ainerica are llic luost comlbrtuble and hanny i )y van- joy dit fc is ex- carcely rn per- severe, e West 10 win- i fruits in dif- ri some y poor, Inhere is pie are United i I ■ mmmm 1P~^" ETTROrE r mi "f !lf GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 51 LESSON TWESTTY-SECOND. 1. We must now leave America, and so to Euronp It IS necessary to go to Europe in a shif vou know' Let us imagine that we eet into a finp «I,;^ 3.li^^ ^• the Atlantfc Ocean, toSiL Eatt PCtu^ days a vessel will cross the Atlantic Rn?w*.T make a shorter trip of it, for hete is"l map^'of E^ro^' ^. The principal countries of Eurone a r^ ^rTi^^ o^^^reatBritain,fncludi„gIrelandrndTotL:^^^^^^ Portugal, Spain, Italy, Switzerland Germanv wJ^fi !.' or the Netherlands, Austria, Prusl^™Sr? SW den, Norway, Lapland, Russia, and Turkey ^' ^'^"- o. m these several countries are a« moJ^xr ^-^ nations, ruled by differentTove^neLrX^^^^ gushed by differed language^ n™ t'd^'^tomr- 4. The prmcipal mountains are the Alps, PyreTee. Appenmes, and Ural mountains ^ Pyrenees, and BkcKs'P'^ "" '" *^ Mediterranean, Baltic, n^:£S^^l^^ ^«^^a, Don, Dnieper, Ireland, and Iceland, in the Atlanti? and S. ^ "' and Nova Zeiubla, ii'i the Fi^en Oeer„' ''^^'^'"^"^ -.pa. luvMis are London, Paris, Constan- t -I f 52 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. tinople, Vienna, Amsterdam, Rome, Petersburgh, Mad- rid, Lisbon, Berne, Stockholm, and Copenhagen. Questions. 1. How do people go to Europe T How long does it take a vessel to go to Europe 1 2. What are the principal countries of Europe i 3. What are in these several countries 1 How ai'C they ruled, by one or different governments ? By what are these countries distinguishcxl from each other? Which are the principal mountains in Europe 7 What are the princij)al seas I The principal rivers 1 7. The principal islands 1 6. The principal towns or cities 1 \ LESSON TWENTY-THIRD. QUESTIONS ON THE MAP. How is Europe bounded 1 England { Ireland 1 Prance 1 Portugal 1 Spain 1 Italy 1 Tiu-key 1 Austria 1 Germany 1 Prussia 1 Switzerland 1 Holland t Denmark: 7 Sweden? Norway? Lapland? Russia? Where is Madrid ? Lisbon ? Rome ? Paris ? London ? Moscow ? Dublin ? Edinburgh 1 Berlin? Stockholm? Bergen? Constantinople? PetersburghJ Where is the Wolga or Volga ? Where does it empty ? Where d(ws the Don empty ? the Danube ? Whpre are the Alps ? The Ural Mounuiins 1 W^here is Greece ? Where is the Mediterranean Sea ? The Blade Soa 1 The Archipelago ? North Seal Straits of Gibraltar ? Bay of Biscay ? Baltic Sea ? White Sea ? The English Channel 1 Gulf of Venice ? Where is Corsica ? Sardinia? Sicily? Candia? Cyprus? England, or Great Britain! Ireland? Icelnnd? Between what dt grees of latitude is Paris? Moscow? Rome? Vienna? Bergen 1 Sicily? Iceland? Ireland? Which is mast northerly, Boston or London 1 New- York or Paris? Quito or Madrid 1 Cyprus or Mexico ? Between what degrees of longitude is Paris 7 Moscow? Warsaw? Madrid? Bergen 1 Ireland ? Which way is Lrndon from Moscow? Paris from Constantinople? Sicily from Ireland^ Iceland from Bergen ? Now ahut up your book, and point your finger towards London. Paris. Ireland. Spain. GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 53 LESSON TWENTY-FOURTH. Y rn ABOUT EUROPE. 1.1 HE whole lennp|i nvp. * 9.' ■ T. % r V i ^^- \JU T ^J 6 1.1 lit GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 55 Portuguese, Spanish. many liouses, and many inhabitants. The ueS of Spam are said to be revengeful: bnt l\.ii.I &?.f. ci^aracter only ol-some who live in the k;g;cife^^^ 56 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 'Ii *^enerally possess great integrity of character, and are as remarkable for being grave as the French are for gayety. 9. Italy is a delightful country, but the people are poor and weak. They are fond of music, and the sweetest singers in the world are Italians. Utalia ns. Turks. 10. Turkey is inhabited by a very singular people, called Turks. Their dress, houses, food, and customs, are all singular. They we*ar turbans instead of hats, and loose robes instead of coats. They do not believe tlie bible. The Turks do not sit in chairs, but on cushions. They use very long, crooked pipes, in which they smoke opium instead of tobacco. They do not generally use knives and forks, but take their meat in their finders. GEOGPIPHY FOR CHILDREN. 5/ 11. Switzerland lies amonff the Alns Tf ;. o tainous and wild country hnt it-f^ , " '^ "^ '"^""- teresting. Thev are S„ . ^ P^°P^^ ^""^ ^''^'"y in- rfelightlTd to travelamS ;^"^«t' ^"^ ^^^PP^- I* « land Their tonAre^r^ *^ mountains of Switzer- deep valley aX^enanX """"Iff "t^' ^"«^- The are^dnd aid l4S: to stTngSs. ^'^ ^"''^'"^"^« Swiss. Austrians. 19 rpi Austrians. resembleXl'riltherr- ^"^*™' ^"-^ ^-''^ia. are generallyr strio 'f « Tf ^^'■^"***^"«*«'n«- They' you will season the In ^^PP^" ^^^^n^^' ^hicfc has been diyid-" l^^h- T^? «»^« ^ kingdom, but it -a.„, „„^ ,,^ oeiongs to other kingdoms. 4* ° \ / I f 58 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 1 ^1 Prussians. Poles'. Danei, Germans. „N GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 59 Swedca Norwegian. 1/1 XT ""'wcgmn. Bears are very nniTiprnn« ,*» ivt "^ "™""g and lislnng;. .«ro or . N„r^™Kr«SS^- """ ""'^ » » P^ Scnerally !>„„,,„, „„,, „,;„„„'rl'LP"»Pl« "f Rii«?i» are ' "" "- -J -^* "i'-wi puoi uiiu unhappy. 60 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. A great part of the people are little better than slaves, tlieir government is so oppressive. 16. Lapland is a desolate region, inhabited by a wandering race of people, clothed in furs. Here is a picture of a Laplander riding over the snow. His sled is drawn by a reindeer. How swiftly he goes ! 17. The most extensive country in Europe is Russia; the most wealthy and powerful is Great Britain ; the most polite nation is the French ; the coldest and poor- est place is Lapland ; the pleasantest climate is that of Italy ; the most cruel and despotic government is that of Turkey ; the most mountainous country is Switzer- land ; the flattest is Holland. Questions, !. What !s thp length of Europe 1 What \n tiio l(>n'""^f»''f^ve? I ' ■ UVrn! '"" T ''!>' "f Svv'itzerland ? U- What o" VoX:;^, ^' ""^"""^^ -^ S--Jen 1 '^" ^\vi^- ;'' ^'"'. '"'*^'^«t country of Furone? Wh! i, ♦! • . Which nation is the mostLlitc /TlLh I h ^'"r,"'''^''* ''"'^ '""s* Powerful nationl J as tlie pleasantost climate? Whi.h \ ^"^ ^'"^''^^ «"d P^'-'^st countrvl \vZl >the most mountainous ? ' Whic^^'uL tttelf? ""' '^'""^^ ^^^^^'^-^ ' ^^f^'h ciuu^]: LESSON TWENTY-FIFTH. HISTORY OF EUROPE. i Russia; Janost interesting ' '' '" ^ov m^ny reasons tl.e .luLJcl, and h;v:Mll"SoS.?e '^ti^:;!'^"^ IviHch serve to inake lifp P^,v.i\ /ii*^ ?. ^"^^^ ^^^^ l«c;k to the tin/of its d coSv Sv c"„r',""'^. ^"^ I'Hle more than 300 years 3 LP^j ?'''"*'' ^"^ a '[".erica previous to tfa?" „ f VeTa„l "ff'^^ f'e native Indians of America had n"Til!"rj. ^' preseri b\ ain ; tlio nd poor- s that of t is that ^witzer- icat Hig tlieir history. 62 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. I U 1 :■ 4. But we are able to learn the history of Europe for several thousand years. The first people known to liave lived in Europe were the Grecians, who occupied a small space of country on the Mediterranean Sea If you will look on the map of Europe, you will see tlie place still bearing the name of Greece. 5. It is supposed to have been near 2500 years after tlie world was made, and about 3300 years ago, that Greece was first settled by a colony from Egypt. Pre- CoJony from Egypt settling Greece. vious to this time, Greece was inhabited by a rude and barbarous people, who ate herbs and roots ; dwelt iii tlie open air, and in clefts of rocks ; and lived, in short, like wild beasts. 6. But after the arrival of the Egyptian colony, they began to be civilized, and finally they became one of the wisest and most polished of ail the ancient nations They ed for beautii GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 63 )f Europe known to } occupied tiean Sea 1 will see ears after ago, th f^t. Pre t rude and dwelt in I, in short lony, theyl oneofthel t nations^ ^ ^^'•eet ^ Athens, a city of Ancient Greece. They built splendid cities, and the ter.ples they erect- ed for the purposes of their religion were exceedingly beautiful Picture of nn Ancient Grecian Temple. ' - - *..,,»^ v/i Mivoc uiiijuus are stiu lo fje 64 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. i'rf seen in Greece, and every person who looks upon them is struck with wonder and admiration. 7. At length, having flourished about 1400 years, the Grecians were conquered by the Romans, and became subject to the Roman government. This happened near 2000 years ago. Since that time the people of Greece have been in a state of bondage to other nations. Within a few years they have made an eflbrt to be free, and I hope they are soon to enjoy the blessings of liberty and independence. Founding the city of Ancient Rome. 8. The city of Rome, in Italy, was founded about 2500 years ago. In a few centuries it became a mighty nation, and conquered by its generals and its anniei nearly the whole of Europe, Asia, and Africa. 9. After flourishing in great splendour, tlie Roman Empire fell in pieces, never to be again united. The 10. for m seeme This ^ is ver^ 11/ Europ They] is incri 12. n)p n pon them rears, the I became lappened )eople of nations. ) be free, )f liberty I about . mighty ; armies Roman ! Thn GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. bo nearly dest4edW 2e rSTL'^f,™ "'"'" "nd " E„.pe. L. i7;LZtr£lJ;z%^t r:rilMI !?'!ni(f??fyi.5!&*}^v\v!».\.,N\N>i^v^ww fo/Lny'^Ltrie"^^^^^^^ on, and seemed buried in innrrn? "'"''P^'. ^"* ^" ^^^ world, This was a^d nnrf f^f ? f '.'"P*'''*'*'*^""' «nd slavery is very paiS to "etd "^^ t™«. -"'I the history of I Enrop^VanVS'ln' ^'^ ^'"'=« *« "-«ons of They have fraduallvadvT w'n'*^*f "'' degradation. is increased and h.L^ '^ length knowledge 12. lUs true thn?P "''' '' 'P'"^^'* «^er the land. " «*v otin ignorant and s. i -v.- s r T . T r poor, and are kept so by their si GEOGEAPHT FOR CHILDREN. kings and rulers. In America our rulers are ffenerallv wise and just men ; and if they do wrong, the people re- nounce them and choose others. But in most parts of H-urope the people do not choose their kings and rulers • and It they are ever so cruel, the people cannot very well help themselves. r r j- 13 It is also true, that the kings of Europe are usual y very proud and ambitious men, and thev fre- tjuently quarrel with each other, and thus draw their people into wars^ France, England, Russia, Prussia, and m fact all the other nations of Europe, are fre- quent y engaged in war, and war is the greatest cala- mity than can happen to a nation. 14. A few years since there was a man in Europe whose name was Bonaparte. He was a man of greit mmd, and great ambition. He became Emperor of France, but he wished to reign over all Europe ; so he raised mighty amies, and he went against the nations. ^r,A^i^ "^^^Z E.uTOTpe there was the sound of battle and the cry of war. Armies of men on f ;ot and men on horseback, were marching in every direction. Often these armies met, and many a field was stained with blood. lb Alter great prosperity, in which Bonaparte ob-- tamed dominion over a large portion of Europe, his fortune dianged. In the great battle of Waterloo he was beaten, and driven from his throne. He was car- generally ►eople re- parts of d rulers; not very "ope are they fre- iw their Prussia, are fre- est cala- Eiirope of great >eror of 5 ; so he nations, f battle men on Often h blood, irte ob • )pe, his ?rloo he ras car- geoghapht for children. qj place the island of »-*«*ji «. y' 70 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. LESSON TWENTY-SEVENTH. QUESTIONS ON THE MAP OF ASIA. How is Asia !)oun(Io(J 7 How IsTuikoy in Asia boiindod? Russia in Asia] Arabial Persia! Independent Tar- Xxixy'X Hiiidostiinl India 7 Clnna? "W liere arc llic islands heU)ngineople 1 3. Whai can you say of Russi;i in Asia? Describe Siberia. 4. Wliat is said of a great part of Arabia? What is said of the climated How do t[ie people travel across the deserts? What is the character of the Arabs? What is said of their horses? What kind of life do tliey live? 5. What can you say ot Persia? Wlwit is the character of the people? Wliat are brought from Persia ? 6. What can you say of the people of Tartary ? Whatof the climate? What can you say of the men? What of the women? How do they live? 7. Wliat can you isjiy of Hindostan ? Wliat European nation lias conquered a great part of it? What towns are Calcutta and Bainbay 1 & What sort of a people are tlie Hindoos? kj. 77 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. What 13 their colour? How are they divided ? ^Vmt IS said of the Birman Empire? "«* v\ Jiat are the people said to be fond of? in wi''^™^^'??'"';'^^ ^^" ^^"t anwng the Birmese? *^--;v^^^'«««»d of the Siamese? ^ « """mese? n hat of die Malays? 1 1. >\ hat is said of the Chinese Empire ? What IS said of the towns and cfies of China? How doT' V^' ^'^'". °^ *'^« Chinese? ^ How do they shave their heads? 19 Wh ! '^ •'^''™^" ^^""'^ of entail feet? aJti ^^""tries are subject to China ? 13 wrl ''f/°" ^y °f ^^i"««e Tartary? if" ^u^ °^ ^^'° people of Thibet ? ^ 14. What can vou say of tlie Japanese? LESSON TWENTY-NINTH. ASIATIC ISLANDS. 1. There U a large island at the southern nnint ^r 2. In the Pacific Ocean, between Amerira nnrl a • there is a vast multitude of islands, fomeoTthemter^ large, and containing many inhabitant™ "" "^''^ ^. The prmcipal of these islands are Sumatra Tav, Borneo, and a group called the Philippine iSes'S are between New-Holland and Asia^^ ^^^ 4. Ihere are many other groups of islands scattered if 78 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. ili through the Pacific, such as the Moluccas, the Friendly Lsles, the Society Islands, the Sandwich Islands, and many others. 5. From Sumatra we get pepper; from Java we geii coffee ; diamonds are brought from Borneo ; from the Moluccas we get spices. Society Islanders. Sandwich Islanders. 6. The Sandwich Islands are interesting to us, on account of some missionaries having lately gone among tlie people to teach them Christianity. These mission- aries have had great success. Questions, 1. Where is Ceylon! To whom does it bclon^r? Wliat does it produce 1 & What are die principal of the Asiatic Islands 1 Where is Javal Sumatra 1 Borneo? The Philippine laleal The Molawaal THe b riondly Isles 1 The Society Isl >s1 The Sandwich Isles 1 B. What do we ^et from Sumatra 7 Javal What are brought from Borneo 1 The MoIuc^mI o. Wuy are tuebandwicU Ifiluuda iutfireaiingi GEOGRAPHT FOR CHILDREN. 79 LESSON THIRTIETH. ■ HISTORY OP ASIA. place in Asia. The Garden nf p!i .^^^tf ment took and Eve were placed wt in fst"' T'^^f /^am where Noah:sA'rk rested, is Z /sia ''•^^* ^-^^*' .W?edS?er^^^^^^ of Israel to Moses ; Jerusalem, where Chrir.f appeared "iost remarkable miracles : are alT in isir^™''^ ''^ and when yS Ifo Mer von .h" ff " y^\^f^^ things, „,,, ... , Picture of the Worli *!' 80 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. I: 5. God made a man and a woman, called Adam and Eve, and placed them in a beautiful garden, in Asia; probably in some part of Turkey in Asia. Here he told them they might live in peace and happiness, if they would serve and obey him. But unhappily, they chose to disobey him, and accordingly they were driven out of their beautiful garden, and obliged to support them- selves by the labour of their hands. 6. The children and descendants of Adam and Eve peopled the land, and extended themselves into various countries. They became very wicked, and God sent a fearful flood of waters over the world, and drowned them all except Noah and his family, who were saved in a great ship, called an ark. 7. The world was soon peopled again by the de- scendants of Noah. Some of them went into various parts of Asia, some went into Europe, and some into Africa. At what time the first inhabitants of America came into it we cannot tell. Questions. 1. Where did the principal events recorded in the Old Testament take place 1 Where was the Garden of Edenf Mount Ararat? 2. Where was the wilderness in which the Israelites journeyed ) Mount Sinai 7 Jerusalem 1 3. Is not tlie history of Asia interesting? 4. How long is it since the world was created 1 6. Where did God place Adam and Eve? 6. Who peopled the land in Asia? ' 7. Who peopled Asia, Europe, and Africa, after the flood 1 iMMMailliMMliM GEOGR iPHY FOR CH. DRiiN. LESSON THIRTY-FIRST. HISTORY OP ASIA CONTINUED. 81 The Deluge. tells „s nothing ^uf::iS:irlyTi,Z'^^ ^'"'^ who sTew gS ""TP*^ ^""^ h-brethrt'^f David fi; f IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 7 / f/- % 1.0 I.I 1.25 ^ m 1.4 M !.6 i i?^l Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WCST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY I4SB0 (716) 873-4503 »*^^ w^^ ^ c^ '« 4s\ 82 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. natnre of the events related, and partly on account of tlie beautiful simplicity with which they are told 4 The general lesson to be learnt from the Old 1 es> lament is this: that God has established a strict con- nexion, in this world, between obedience to him and happiness; and between disobedience and unhappmess. 5 If you will carefully read the Old Testament, you wll find that while an individual, or a people, or a. na- tion, obeyed and served God, they were happy. When they departed from his laws and became wicked and disobedient, then they became miscralile. 6 The same thing is true now. Wicked nations and v^lcked people soon become unhappy ; while the good and virtuous generally live in peace. Sucii, the L.i.)Ie teaches us, was the case in the early ages of the world; Buch it is now; and such, doubtless, it will ever be. 7 Let us always keep in mind, that the great and ffood Being Avho made tliis vast world, and who sup- ports it by his power; who made us, and who watches over us; hates wickedness and loves virtiie; that he punishes cruelty, unkindncss, and falsehood ; and that lie rewards those who love truth, and are good, kinU, gcaitle, and affectionate. I. About 'low long rrom llic crrntion tn the fltxid, or cljliisol About how loiil; niio wnn tlie (l.hi«e 1 o U th^ liwtorv o'l ir Old TcslaToriit nlltnie I , .-c i r _ .i.* .t...- i' What parts of the history of the Old Tcstau.ont c:m yuu moiUon OS bc:.uuna for the ,1uh plicily witli which tlicy (irc lohil GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 83 i' Wh"! ""r""^ ^^''"" '' *" ^^ '^«'""t from the Old Testament 1 5. What W.I! yon flna on a careful |.erusal of the Old Testament 1 6. Is the same tliiri]ace ]830 years a^^o. He was born in Palestine, which you will see on (lie map of Asia. 2. I need not give you a particular history of Jesus Clinst. I presume you have read it in tlie New Testa- ment. Before he came, the world had lost, in a ffreat measure, tlie knowledge of God's will. Sucli wn^ the Ignorance ,1 mankind, that they held pride, reven^»-e cruelly, and many other vices, to be lawful and riffht! 6 ^ 84 GEOGUAPHY FOR CHILDREN. Humility, kindness, jj^entleness, forgiveness of injuries, and charity, they nejilier practised nor understood. 3. Jesus Christ came to dissipate this darkness which had gathered over the minds ot men. He told them of their errors ; he pointed out the deformity of their doc- trines ; and set truth and religion before them in all their beauty. He revealed to them God's will, his strong, decided, and lasting dislike of wickedness, and his fixed approbation of truth and goodness. He told them of the punishment which follows vice, and the happiness which attends virtue. And, finally, he re- vealed, as a matter of certainty, that another life, and one of endless duration, will follow this. 4. Not only did Christ reveal to the Jews the princi- ples of virtue and religion by words, but he displayed them by iiis conduct. Never has there been a life so pure and spotless as his. Examine it closely as we may, we can find no fault. He was the friend of the poor; he healed the sick ; he even noticed children, and bestowed upon them his blessing ; in short, he spent his life in doing good. 5. But, alas, he was persecuted, and cruelly put to death ! In the agonies of a painful crucifixion he for- gave his enemies. He ascended to heaven, and left his doctrines and his example to mankind. These have been spread over a great part of the world, and wiiere- iver they have gone they have carried light with them. GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN.^ S3 aspect of peace and beauty. **" J. Let us never, never, forget to hold in deeo revP M) our v^ 01 Id But for him we might have been Jeft in «foj>my and desolate ignorance of%ur duty on earth and our destmy after death. Let us not only Md^^^^^^^^ 1 \vh„, ;, .1 Questions. UnJ\ •" """^ "^"""-kaWe event in l|,o lusto,„ of Asiat ^?rdid\^:'';i:'„:r,rii!!;V'"s- »'^--- •'■an by word,, 5. Was Cljiist perst'ciited and put to death 1 LESSON THIRTY-THIRD. - ■ , • »"STORV OF ASIA CONTINUED. I. The apostles of Christ spread his doctrines infh various pans of Asia Africa anH l7.,^^ ""i-irmes into first onnnsipH nn,i fi*' ^V/ • '• ^ "<'^"'^*^P^- I* "as at mst opposed, and tli,e Christians were many of them persecuted, and some of the apostles anc^ iSny t£ 86 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. sands of their followers were put to death on account ot their religion. Conversion of Conslaminc to Christianity l,y a vision 2. Constantine, one of the Roman emperors, at leiijrth espoused ClirLstianity, and after that period its oxt-n' sion was rapid. It became pormanentiy established, uud Hi due tunc was tlie prevailing religion in Europe and m nianvpartsof Asia and Africa. If . ufcl'''' 3^fS^B^«*l%b«^ At fllt-0fcod ^Y^Ar'ik ' "^ ©"M^'^^^-suptmsed bTniZnl pcrtfthjWD*^cjq^45<,f & or thinking, wn^n^^^ 1 ^VMioh»^o^4»|^,dlift(>.t;voeai>pointed'; .so alter many years tliere ihi:^h6>tdiMU4^&t^dmnt^ whom \yeiemm^ad!a£ii^Sti»jJlf^r"'-^-^ — ^ sj,«ti t-V^ imUf GEOGRAPIIV FOR cmi.DREX 87 111 BoiAft^lBfafe Asia '^^'^f^ l*^little soverei gm ^ What did tl^ apostlns of Cln-ist ^1^^^^^^' How was Christianity first received ? ^^^WJm emperw a^ lo^ a Christian 7 'rt9lT>cgJ>et1^a4ien^^ 1 8'^^ LESSON THIRTY-FOURTH people of A.. S^KSlLrKa^f^; 88 I GEOGRArnv FOR CHILDREN. » "poa those who do,'^;T^T:iffitv;d his ho^k and .00,. c^nqnered all Arabia and a part of SyriT"^'- '"'^ 4. Mahomet died at length, at the age ofGl ; Jjut his r Ji'Sr' '^*'"'*'^ '"^ •^•^^*™^« ^-' establi'slS 1, s rckg on over a great part of Asia, and parts of Africa iiometans in various countries is very great. Xerxes and hu army. '^/» **^* ►k, and mX his ed his Africa )f Ma- APKIC^ L %i~fc— ^ 60 I 30 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 20 ml T— 16 201 3q| J 89 5. Persia was once a very rich and powerful kinffdom tar more so, than it is now. Xerxes, one of its kings' once went with a vast army to conquer Greece. Greece was a small country, but the people showed such cou- rage, that Xerxes returned in despair, saying that a people so brave could not be conquered. 6. The history of China, too, which reaches badk niany hundred years before Christ, would be interest- mg, but we have not time to attend to it now. Questions, , 1. How long after Christ did Mahomet appear 7 Where was Mahomet born t ■ What did he pretend 7 '' 2. What did Mahomet write 1 ' , Who behove in the Koran as we do in the Bible 1 Is the Koran true 1 . ■ 3. What did Mahomet do to those who doubted or disbelieved the Koran 1 ' ' '• ' 4. How old was M.ihomet when he died? What did his successors do 7 Are the Mah.)nietans, or believers in Uie Koran, numerous nowl 5. W hat was Persia onc« ? What kinjj of Pn-da, vent with a vast army against Greece 1 Wliat d)(l Xerxes and his army dol 6. How far back docs the history of China extend? - i LESSON THIRTY-FIFTH. MAP OF AFRICA. *^ r 1. Africa is a very large country. It is sometimes called a contment; but it is properly a great peninsula, united to the Eastern continent by the Isthmus of Suez. A great part of it is unknown to us, and many por- tions ot It are inhabited by ignorant and weak people. d. Some of the principal countries of Africa are, Bar- ant ' i I 90 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. bary, Egypt, Abyssinia, Guinea, Congo, country of the Hottentots, English Colony of the Cape of Good Hope. 3. The principal ranges of mountains are Atlas, and Mountains of the Moon. ^ 4. The principal rivers are, the Niger, Nile, Congo, Gambia, Senegal, and Rio Grande. 5. The principal seas are the Red Sea and the Medi- terranean. 6. On the western side of Africa is an nnmense de- sert, called Sahara. 7. The principal towns are, Cairo, Alexandria, Algiers, Morocco, Tunis, Tripoli, Cape Town, and Tombuctoo. Questions, 1. Describe Africa. 2. What are some of the principal countries of Africa 1 3. What are tlie principal ranges of mountains 1 4. What are the principal rivers? C. What are the j)riijcipal s'^'as ? i. What desert is on the western side of Africa? 7. What are the principal towns? ' LESSON THIRTY-SIXTH. QUESTIONS ON THE MAP. How is Africa ' -inded? In what part o. Africa is Barbary? Guinea? Congo? Abyssinia? Egypt? Morocco? Barca? The Hottentots' country? Tunis? Angola? Adel? Mozambique? Ajaul Triphl Ethiopia? Bcnguela? Sofala? i J ^' Where does the River Senegal empty? The Nile? The Gambia? Where does the Niger empty? Anstcer. It is not' known where it empties, as the interior of Africa is little understood. It runs from east to west, and probably is lost in some irreat sand desert In what direction does the Nile run ? the Senegal ? The Gaxnbia ? In what direction is the Cape of Good Ho,5e from Egypt? Adel from Guinea? Congo from Barca? The Red Sea from S.:ihara? Straits of Gibraltar from Madagascar? St. Helena from Cairo? Cairo from Jerusalem? »e ' * # GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 9J ^^^Xr-''-' ^^-^-^-'^ Ascension, Canary I.., St. Thonl., B<.iw.«,. „,.,. „„,„,,, „f ^^l 0^ The a,ld C«^., Tl„ Ivory Ccm )arca! M„nK-co1 3<-oiro! Tumsl CongoJ Cape if Good Hope t J'' '■'oyv^oi tAiglandJ Morocco or Italy ] LESSON THIRTY-SEVENTH. AFRICA. '>er of its inhabitant^ «. f '^'''^'?'* *^ *^" the num- number to be about V. 5 are ted by Negroer who n^ ''"^ ''" "^'•^™'- '-^'^ i^^'-^bi- r itxvii©. xae negroes m nil noiit.f«;^.. /» ^ .» \m 4. 6. 41 ut, and ^y are a Cvsented uiients. consists iprove- by tJie e said some lit not ?mies. s, are ihabi- thei r nil ol GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 95 Moor s. faucing. Some traveller has remarked That t!.e sun goes doun, all Africa dances. ' Qucstmis. when 8 9 10. 11. I. NVIiat is thn lonsrth of Africa? V> iijit is lis widtli] Wimt, is said to be its ..uhiIht of inhahiinnts? 4. Uliiit istljeircliMnntPr? \\ "";.•'!» you say of F^vpt? 7 W r', d'" ^r'' •'■" "!"'" Ahy«siuiiy /. v» (1..1 d„,.s Guincn include 1 >> lilt (!(,,.« the country ,;r,Khir^ 7 ^^;. M,,t.,fpn,,,,!r,„rofheH<.tt..ntolK? r! J ,--. Iiinicfprof thoM.HUH? A nrri ruv iiiiiaiMt..d !jy Moorst igroeal *«-t pariH of Africa ur« mimbitod b^- x\' 96 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHIT,DREN. 'i LESSON THIRTY-EIGHTH. AFRICAN ISLANDS. i 1. There are several islands around Africa, such as Madeira, Cape Verd Islands, St. Helena, Madagascar, Bourbon, Isle of France, and others. 2. Madeira is under the governnjent of Portugal, and is celebrated for its wine, Y^hich is sent to all parts of the world. 3. The Cape Verd Islands are 14 in number, and alsf belong to Portugal. The climate is delightful in these islands. They produce wine, sugar, and spirits. One of these islands, called Teneriffe, has a very high peak, which may be seen at sea 120 mile^. Here is a picture of the Peak of Teneriffe. 4. St. Helena is famous for having been the place to which Napoleon Bonaparte was sent, and where he died a few years ago, as I have before told you. It is a rockv jsiand, far in the sea, and is a lonely and desolate place. GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN; ich as ascar, 1, and rts of i r, and ful in pirits. high e is a ce to lied a (K'kv lace. 97 f .in mf ^^?'f ^: ^" ^^'g^^ tli^n the island of Great Bri- Se SS^'T "'' ^^"^^' "^^ ^« ^^ ^J«^-«t ravage Tn I u """^f '' supposed to be 3 or 4 millions fortifications Fn^ff'f '" '' celebrated for its strong to resist an attack with cannon. The Isle of France was, however, taken by the English in 1810 ' I wi, ♦ 1 . . Questions. Sju .1}'^^ ^^^ *'^ere around Africa? Where 13 Madeira ? (See Map ) What do they produce 1 Which of the Cape Verd Islands has a venr high peak? How far may this peak be seen at seal >"'snpeak7 Where IS St. Helena? <• _S5^hy is St. Helena famous? What sort of an island is St. Helena? Where is Madagascar? What wit celebrated for? When was it taken by the English? LESSON THIRTY-NINTH. HISTORY OF AFRICA. bv .avZoS H * P"* ''^^^^''^ ^^' «^^^ ''«^» '"habited D\ NaA age or barbarous people, who had no books and n« ...oans ol recording ancTpreservinir their 1"^.^^''''"^"! oiuy countries m Africa of which a h.«:ory h'as b'een i '4^ 98 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. i { preserved, are Egypt and the countries along the Medi- terranean Sea and the Red Sea. 2. The ancients, as far back as the time of the Romans, that is, about 2000 years ago, had some little knowledge of the interior of Africa; but this knowledge was slight, and throws no light upon its previous history. 3. Until within three or four hundred years, almost the whole of Africa, except the northern and north eastern part, has been unknown ; and it is probable that for many ages the greater part of this vast land has re- mamed much the same as now ; inhabited by a multi- tude of tribes of ignorant and savage people. 4. The changes that take place among sucluiations are not very great. They have their wars, and sometimes a wiiole tribe is killed, or perhaps driven to some other re- gion. Sometimes, too, a fatal disease comes among them and sweeps off a whole people. But such things do not have a very extensive influence, and are soon forgotten. 5. The history of Egypt is very in teresting. You have read of Joseph, in the Bible. You remember he lived in Egypt. That was 3550 years ago, and Egypt was a great and floiirishing country then. Thus you see tha^ the history of Egypt goes fiirther back tlian tliat of Europe. 6. I Iiaraoh, you remember, was king of Egypt, and was cruel to the people of Israel. He was sorely pun- islied liowevcr, and his armies were swallowed up in and GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 99 learned men in Esvnt «n u ' *. '"^ ^^""^ many that in those anciSays fwforThre^tt '"T^^^'^" ' ago, those who wished tn rioV • V "^^^ thousand years to go from G^elS and fSi^uf r r'*.*"^"™'"^^^^^^ %ypra?iLw7f:.t„SS frj The people of other parts of the^wori&lf ' °** degraded ; Avhile 9. If you were tHi . ^^PPy ^"^ enlightened. ' serve maVprro^'fS tllV'S^r^'^,^'^^^ ""- some stupendous monumemrexkHnf ;k ^^'^'^^re as high^ oKfctX'-* ^'" ^'^*"'^^' *^^- deep": ™Sg":a:src"?> *-« -« bodies of peoBle who dip?. *^^ .'"'"'''"' ^" ^l^'^h the ago are sUII^iS^d fc^^^^^^ ^'^""^^"d years and thus saved from H J °^'^® were embalmed, Egypt are soiC brS^ T.^."^"^^^ ''«'^'^« fr^"* hiWted as a show and «r^^^,^*^'' •^"''"t^y- and ex- of embalming together w^.r'"'^ "^""T'^'' ^he art totheEgyptfanXo^S ""^"^ ^^^er arts known -- ^.^ ,uu,iy uangs interesting in Egv^u 100 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. I There are many curious ruins there which show the power and wealth of its former kings. 12. Egypt is a flat country, and every year it is over- flowed by the River Nile. This makes the land very Iruitful; and notwithstanding the degraded state of the inhabitants, parts of Egypt are still beautiful. 13. There was a great city in what is now called Barbary, about 2000 years ago, named Carthage. It was very powerful, and for a long time resisted Rome with success. 14. Carthagp had a famous genej al, called Hannibal, who went with the Carthagenian armies against the Roman armies. Hannibal often beat the Romans, but he was at length beaten, and the city of Carthage wa. reduced to a heap of ruins. 15. Carthage was situated near Tunis. There ari some remains of it still to be seen. Questions. *• ^y whom has the greater part of Africa been ever inhabited 7 Ot what portion of Africa, only, has the history been preserved 1 2. Had the ancients any knowledge of the interior of Africa "^ 3. How Ir.ng since is it Uiat almost tJie whole of Africa, except Egypt and the counUies alon.* tlie Mediterranean, was unknown 7 f o^r o G. Is the history of Et^ypt interesting? Have you read the history of Joseph in the Bible 1 Where did Joseph live? How long ago is it that Joseph lived in Egypt? What kind of a country was Egypt then ? *• S?" Y''^ ^''*^ ^'"^ ^^ ^^?yP^ ^hat treated the Israelites crueUy? What b. came of Pharaoh's army? 7, Were there not many learned men in Egypt two or throe thousand years ago? l^or what purpose did men go to Egypt from Greece, and various p^rta of Eui'ope and AsLi, __in ancient days ? ' r r > 8. What change has taken place iji Egypt? 3W the s over- d very of the called fe. It Rome inibal, ist the LSj but ;e wa. re ari jies along and Asi.1, GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. JQ ja What are the SCmt, ""' '"«'' "^ "-^y ' ""w long sin« they were built7 i-i Wlmtsortof aajunfrvisEo-vnt? P„ i . • , ^f '^^ of this flood ? "^P' ^y ^^'»^t river is it annually overflowed ? What in the 16. Where was Carthage situated? ^ ^^^^ did Hannibal do? What was the fate of Carthage? LESSON FORTIETH. ^ ^ . NEW-HOLLAND. geneially considered in islS l,f, i, .'^""■"""•■■d i» bylhJS'^X'Jl'Jtrd'T"'? '''"""'''' and are very rtorr K ar^Sn " i°'°™'' '^"l"''' Aeir appearance is di"g'Sle ™''^ '^'"■''"'' ■""• near mZyllT" rfiS" ^,"«"'''! ""•* ■•' ««™»nt ^/^^y IS esteemed a very severe punishment nLSZr^Z^t^::^.^ NewPnoi-r The Jackson, is L kJgest ^'''' '"'" '^' ''^ "^^^ Port .nn,l n.„I :..?:.!, ^™^'. tJ"** Inland is little knoxvn - - - ^-x..»viiw jiuie mat is interesting. '' I 1 102 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 6. There is an English settlement on Van Diemen's Land, an island to the south of New-Holland. Here is a picture of a branch of what is called the bread- fruit tree, found in New-Holland and the Asiatic islands. The people eat the fruit of this tree, which is said to be very much like nice wheat bread. Questions, Where is New-Hollandl What is New-HoHand consideredl What might it well be called? By wliom is the greater part of New-Holland inhabited'? Describe the natives of New-Holland. How long since the EngUsh made a setdement at Botany Bay? On which side of New-Holland is Botany Bayf Whom do the English government send to New-Holland 1 What is being sent to New-Holland esteemed? What is the largest river in New-Holland 1 Where does the Ha wkesbury River empty 1 Are tliere any mountains in New-HoV .nd? Is New- Holland much known t What settlement is there at Van Diemen's Lauid t IKfi :- v_„ Tv:_.„ — 1_ T 1 1 • iemen's Here bread- Asiatic ihidi is GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. LESSON FORTY-FIRST. VARIOUS MATTERS AND THINGS. 103 info diSta?:^ fcor t"f i;tr w^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ -^^^ Europe is divided into Fmnce Soa^n P^E i ^"""^^ ^^^"^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ countries are inhabited brpeop^S^ how these various Questions. J. What is meant bjr the natural divisions of the earth ? >> hy are the divisions of hmd and water called natural divisions? What does natural geography treat or tell of ? ^'Visions? ''• ^'^at IS meant by civil divisions ? What does civil geographv include 1 Wh«t* ? '"'"'t" '^ ^^'^? ^^^^ "«*"^a' a«d civil geo-raphy 1 What does moral geography tell or treat of? b^ograpny^ *s moral geography interesting J ■¥ 104 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. I i ' t LESSON FORTY-SECOND. PARLEY TELLS ABOUT CIVILIZATION. L Here is a picture of some savages. They live principally by hunt- ing and fishing, They have various methods of catching wild game, such as bears, doer, buffaloes, rabbits and other animals and birds of differeiil kinds. They also have various modes of catching fish. 2. These people seldom cultivate the land, and when they do they culti- vate it poorly. Their houses are often poor huts, made of sticks and mud Sometimes they are made of poles, or sticks put together like log houses Tliey generally go naked or nearly so. They have little knowledge of the nrts by which comfortable houses are built, or good clothes made, or good food cooked. They have no books, and they are generally poor, ignorant, and miserable. They are also generally cruel. 3. A large portion of the earth is inhabited by people in this savage state. The western part of North America, the southern part of Soull: America, many of the Asiatic and African Islands, New-Holland, the in- terior and western and southern part of Africa, are all in this condition. 4. Here is a picture of some roving tribes who live principally by pas- turage, and are in a state called barbarous. They have droves of cattle^ by hunt- Line, such differeiU ley culti - md mud J houses ^G of the , or good ignorant, s savage of Soull: i, the in- ition. T by pas- of cattle. GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. IQS rattle from place to pk4^ XZro, rn'"/'"'\''"'^ move with their himimiity. '^ Barbarous nations have generally liti],, TlL"Sio„s ft;ru„l?sT^d'"h;"frt"ofri.'^^^* ^'« ^^''^-i <='-"-«■ dothes for wearing aXhat Low hi ,'''!,'''''"S ^'^'^ •«'"''««' makin.r for food, are called ctiTzedTherinerTlWr'"'' "5 '•"''' ^''S^'^Wes w.li which io to varioii/pTrts of tWinrlfl f '^ 'T "" '°r"'' ''"'' ^ave ships, ftcturelof one countryTr'thtTinothr'Thl^ ts'cSt' """ '"^""- tivilized countries are by far the happiest commerce. and«y ?h^tlCterrc"ol^orA™^ '"' T*"™ P"' "^ AfnV^ t"-^ 'u China, and the Janan Mp, IT'"'" V^ '^'P''^"'- The inhabi- very ingenious in the r maSctf.l? h^„T "T *°u''""<' ''°"^^^' '>"<3 "^R knowledge of the vario^ arts wS .1 ''^ '''''"' ''J' "" ""'^"'^ ^« ""'«!» able and happy, as ^^Ze'Z^evlZ^'IZTZl i! Tf^"^ -"il°«- , n^^j ec.iu oixici puns oi iiiU rope. have in Enor- o lOG GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 10. You must also understand that there are some nations, as the Hin- doos, that are in a middle state, between civilization and barbarism. There are others, also, that partake both of the barbarous and savage state. li. In general a nation is cniel in proportion as it is savap^e. People are generally humane and kind in proportion as they are civilized. 1. 2. Que ^ lestions, Hpw do savapres live ? Do savuges cultivate the earth T What kind of houses have savages 1 How do they dress 1 Dw thoy know iiow to huild good houses'? Bo they know how to make good clothes? Do they know how to cook meat and vegetables so as to make good foe J 1 Have tliey any l)ooks7 Are savages ignorant? Are they rich 7 Are they happy? 3. What parts of the world are inhabited by savages? 4. How do those nations live which are called barbarous? What kind of houses have they? Have they any knowledge of tlie arts of clothing and cooking good food? 6. Wl»at parts of the world art inhabited by barbarous nations? 7. What people are called civilized? What arts do civilized nations understand? How do they generally live? What do civilized nations do with ships'? What is cnnunerce ? What nations are the happiest? What parts of the world are civilized ? Are uU civilized nations equally civilized? Are the inhabitants of Japan and China as highly civilized as the English, French, and people of the United States ? 10. Are there not some nations which combine tlie manners and habits of tlxe savage and Ixur- barous state? What nation can you mention as an example ? 11. Are not a people cruel in proportion as they are savage? Are they not kind and humane in proportion as tliey are civilized ? 8. 9. LESSON FORTY-THIRD. GOVERNMENT. 1. Men and women, like children, need some gfovernment. Children need ]>arents and ma^sters to govern them ; that is, to prevent their doing wrung and injuring each other, and to make them do their ds ty. GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. \ the Hin- jarbarism, age state. ?. People (1. 107 Frcncli. anj nge and l>ar- Cliildren leir doing 2 All countries have found it necessary to have some system of sovern- S^I"""^ '"''""■ "■■ authority that shall make people d^ righ7u ttiere was no government, the strong would injure the weak the wickerf would oppress the good. Various methods have been adoptid to nrevem J&ranX"il""'="'' "" ™ '» eachindividua,1n^'o''ci!^r^ son, who makes the laws and governs the people as he rte^s A?r^ palaces, wnch are great and splendid houses. Sometimes e^™ oTthTpS;^ fheTS.""' '" '''"'''' "^"^ -- l'«'^ foXhaTpS 5 A country governed by an emperor, is called an empire The nrin. c pal empires m the world, are Ru£ia, which is the lar^s ?n the world Unna, which is the oldest and most populous empire in the world Zan ' Turkey, the emperor of which is called the Porte^r the Sn 6uS ' Austria ; Morocco ; Brazil ; and Bornoii in Africa! ' ' t>. A King rules over one country, but is very powerful and ffenerallv Z'lZ'^tS'^'^f^ ""'' - h ^'pleases. Tj:eSe iJee'ntre'^^^^ ZtZ A ^ K ^"^ '" ^''"f ""^^ ^^'^ P^oP^e ruled by a king are not very fi^k/ '^''""^'T f ^''T'^ ^y ^ ^i"g i« ^^"^d a kingdom.^ ^ 1 t*^® P""F!P^^ kingdoms in the world are in Eurone France i«» tho is of'^F^ran'oe" V^"'^ T ="'? "^^^ "' ^/''''' « ^ " '"^^ ^^ i_a,mai oi i< ranee. Great Britam has a m xcd eovernment and i« (he sS ''«'^'»PP"?t "a«on ruled by a kinc in the wS Spain Potiueal k3»m« "■""''' ^"'''''' "°"''"'^' °' *« Netherlands, aSin Europ^Se Th^e''''-.'^" mir. V ' nni^'^'^u T' ^^^ "''" king<'«n" of considerable power. coveraJhv .1^ L wfr"" 'J'"?''""''; "nd there are also small states, p':r tr^,htSo:;'z!rg:ven, """" """ """^^"'^ °^ '''"«« -"^ «- mw'>ard,'s'''rd''.l'r!l'n"'''' "'"'/i"S» and emperors are sometimes called monartiis , and their governments arc sometimes called monarchies. 108 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. 10. The happiest and best kind of government is a free government, m the United States the government is free, and is called republican. In jmpires and kingdoms the people have nothing to do with choosing the limg or emperor ; they must take him who is born to them, whether good or bad. If a king or emperor is ever so wicked and cruel, the people have no right to displace him and choose another. 11. But in a republican government the people choose their president, and the other persons whom they wish to put into the various offices of government. Here is a picture of men voting for, or choosing their public ^/Ulcers* 12. The president is placed at the head of the nation. A number of men are chosen to make laws. They are called the Congress. Judges are appointed to see that people are just to each other, and to inflict punishment upon criminals. 13. Now if the president, the members of congress, the judges, or any other persons in office, do wrong, the people will vote for them no more, but will choose others to fill their places. This mode of government is the safest, and our experience has found it to be the best. There is no coun- try so happy in all respects as our own: 14. The principal free governments in the world, are those of the United States, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Chili, Bolivia, and the United Pro- vinces. All these, except the United States, have recently adopted republi- can governments ; and they have yet derived but little advantage from their free institutions. 15. Switzerland is the only country whose government is of a republican ■character in Europe, vernment. lican. Ill Dosing the ither good !ople have president, offices of leir piibhc ►erofmen ndges are mishment IS, or any no more, ent is the no coun- le of the lited Pro- l repiihli- ige from ^publican 3. 4. 5. GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. ^tXicstiofis 1. Do children need governing? For what purpose i 'i. Have all nations fouiu t necps^ar^/ tr, a,i^ ♦ What would hapi^n ,o tl^^lnSiVat'^^^^^^^^^^ Hmv may govenmients be divided ? ^ "^ ' >V hat IS a despotic government? *>liat does an emperor do? What do emperors live in? » ...-I, the oldest „„d,„„„|„„^, " .a ,s „ country g„/„r„e^ £,"„ ki"J?alled?^ ' Wi ," "r" 8*criment lias Gr,-a Britain? H ha o her k,„,„I„„„ are there ,„ £r"T "hat other Qonsjderablekiwdotns arc there 1 '«. What governoS.fS^.yrSrd S.,,e., ' ^Vho make laws ? ^ °^ '^'' """'^^ ^" ^''« ^^"it*-'^ States ? J':w!;;;[::;';i::f;i;:^^-«jjntor 10. What is throi Iv rA ; .1^^''''""'"'''"'' '" ''''^ '^^^^^ ^ nb me onjy republican government in Eurojje? 109 LESSON FORTY-FOURTH. I rp . . RELIGION. r^'^ S^^T^^T^'^'^^'^j.r^^ -ring the creator hiin are very various amcrent, and their modes of worshipping ^ ^ ^^Z:,:'!^^'^^;::^ t™' ^•"?'' "«' """^ta.. think B.ng to he ,„od, ^-evo]e?tt:an.&;jror.rr^^^^^ 110 GEOGRAPHY FOR CHILDREN. I Others believe him to be like themselves, a being of a mixed character possessmg both good and evil qualities. cnaiacicr, 3. Here is a picture of some people who are kneelinff to the sun anrl ^me who are worshipping the figure of an ox, calM an idol S people are called pagans or heathens. Pagans and heathens worS fire, and various ammals, and a multitude of images and idX Thev be^ Ueve certain rivers, trees, and n^ountains, to be sacred, and TShip hem 5. The Hindoos are pagans. They drown their younff children in thp rivers, thmkmg thereby to please their God. They sometimes have hem- ^Ives buried alive, and widows are often burnt to death in tLTahii^^^^ U^at they please heaven. They tear their flesh with hooks; they stand fo? S- God? positions, and do many cruel things to obtain the favour in^hJJ'lf ^^''' ^"^ heathens of other countries are not much less absurd ILil r fu*^'.''"^ ceremonies and opinions. The naiives of North America parts iiet^l^ri "^.^^T' ""^ '^^ ^^^^ ^" '^' «^"thern and wes em FdH^ inhabitants of Madagascar, New-Holland, and some of the Asiatic Islands, and some of the tribes in the north of Asia, are pagans world WL^W *^^^*^«^^r ^'^'^ «f pagans or heaihens in the ^r d-eh?dcd pe'ple^ '""'"' ''^"^ '' '' '' ^^^"^ ^^^^ ^^^^^' ^^^ ^ ^^^r The I^'.l^^i^^T ^'T'T ?T' '^'""'•^ throughout Europe and Asia. 1 tie Jews are the descendants of the ancient Israelites, those who put Christ "toc^eAC^. - ^ yr ^'i:^^||^