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 McLannaii Library 
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 Fis con fill expers mole ruitfua : 
 Vim temper at am di quoque provehunt 
 In majus : idem odere vires 
 Omne nefas animo moverites, 
 
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 LONDON:' 
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 REMARKS, ^c. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I Shall not enquire who is, the Authoi* 
 of the Piece on which I ^tn going to 
 remark^ Your Opinions, and your 
 Arguments are all that I fhall'confider* 
 ^Vhcther you are, or ever have been J 
 penfioned and employed, whether you are 
 merely a private Man, or a perfon diilin- 
 gui|he^ iq Ra«^* and Forti^ne, you are 
 
 -rtojixe and to xtte Pubfiek on ^hi&, ^ete^,^ 
 >^LQi^ only thi Aut|K)r o£.|he4 Defer ter 
 Two Great Men ; and you will give me 
 leave to addrefs you in that and in no 
 other Light. It is indeed a Light, in 
 which you cannot be viewed to youi* 
 difadvantage; your Piece is animalfjfewith 
 the Spirit 9^ true Patriotifm j it diif overs 
 
 apolitical and hiftorical Knowledge ; and 
 it is written throughout with Fire and 
 
 .Energy. ,~ .. ^.;.- .^ ^ 
 
 . But, Sir, that animation of Language 
 and Sentiment, wfiich is allowed to the 
 Orator in Political Confli<fl5 /;/ Ptihere 
 etinSoky has no place in afoberDifcuffion. 
 I write not to the Ear or to the Paffions, 
 
 A3 1 aim 
 
 _ J YkL,^ JL < d t b ? I .£tj;gr ^-„. 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 [6] . 
 
 1 aim at no Scduftion of Judgment ; and 
 I aflt for no appf obation but what a calm 
 Refieftion and unprejudiced Reafon may 
 afford me. My End is, rather to exa- 
 mine the juftnefs of your Flan, than to 
 enforce any Plan of my own, and I ftiall 
 not afFeA the Flow, nor the Pomp, nor 
 the high colouring of Parliamentary De. 
 clamation. If I can deliver a plain Ar- 
 gument in plain Language. Jt is all I aim 
 It : for this I fhall make no Apology; that 
 Freedom with which you warn the Mi- 
 niftry againft falling into Miftakes "i 
 khe enfufng Treaty of Peace will juMy 
 me to you, and to thq World, if I ftouW 
 attempt <to point ootfetne of thofe m- 
 Mkes. into A*hich I imafneY'^iitc ybur- 
 
 felf fallen. 
 
 You cannot be ignorant iri what, man- 
 ner Succefs operates upon theMmds of 
 Men •. with what a blind and haughty 
 Confidence it infpires them ; and in the 
 fnfolent Elation of ViSory, how httle 
 they attend to Reafon, or Juftice, and 
 often to their own moft important Inte^ 
 refts. People of all Nations inaagine. 
 that when they are worfted, Succefs gives 
 their Enemy very little Right to prefcnbe 
 ' fevere Terms ; and conceive when they 
 
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 are themfelvcs fucccfsful, th^ therfe itfi ' 
 ho Bounak to their own Pretenfions. If 
 this Dilpofition fliould happen at this timd 
 to prevail amongft Us, it may be attend- 
 ed with Very pernicious ConfeqUehceS; 
 It may raifc fuch extravagant Expedta- 
 tions, or excite fueh Wrong-placed De- 
 fires, as will tender a Negotiation for 
 Peace a Work of infinite Difficulty; A 
 virtuous and able Miniftry may in foma 
 fort find their Virtue and Ability brought 
 to Sid: againft themfelves, they'd;iay find 
 that their Vidories and Succefles have* 
 excited fo much Arrogance in thofe whd 
 had no Share iii acquiring them, astode- 
 ftrc^ all their Meds j they mayfthtthipif . 
 r"M^irtife^nd Moderation overruled by ihiK 
 Madnefs of the People, and be thus difa- 
 bled from availing themfelves of a fucce0.a 
 ful War, i^|i,e Attainment of an advan,- 
 tageous Pe^^ 
 
 I am afraid, Sir, that your Letter tend^ 
 to incrcafe and inflame this improper 
 Difpofnion. Vou are not to be blamed 
 for delivering your Sentiments openly. 
 The Liberty df ain Enghfhmah, and yoUr 
 own Abilities, give you aright to do foi 
 What 1 blame is your exceffive Attach- 
 toent to certain Objeds, fo exeefTive that if 
 
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 th Jr' (hould not be infifted upoh by the MU 
 S'^;. with a Warmth equal to your 
 own; you hefitate not to dTeclare to the 
 Peoole * that -we pail have a treaeheroui 
 IXlufiv. Peace. This, Sir is fure^ ^ 
 a moft unjuftifiable Method of proceed- 
 LgTlt is to fow„the Seeds <j.f general 
 Difcontent in favour of your particdar 
 Opinions ; Opinions, which .f thfey are 
 no^t ill foupded,-are at leaft very pro- 
 hlematical: I cannot, help ob(e.vmg -that 
 ?our Refentment againft the Terfidy of 
 the Eneitty, has made you feem much 
 more inten? upon affronting Fr^««, than 
 .providing deliberafely for the Interefts of 
 
 -^ 
 
 ''p.- 
 
 ■ You fet forth with great Strengtfebt fa( 
 and Reafon, the treachery of Pvatce^^^^ 
 
 . her frequent Vielatbns of the moft folemn 
 Treaties. You infift particularly on the 
 Cafe of Bimldi^ : and I admit that you 
 couid not have chofen.a n»ore proper In^ 
 ftance. But I am forry to fee that you are 
 even here guided more by o]d Preju- 
 dices than by the true-Naturt of Things 5 
 
 • -and that you have propofed fuch a Afo«- 
 „^ of aaing, that whilft we are in rea- 
 
 * ViJ. p- 29- ^ ^^ Letter. 
 
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 Iky only demanding our honeft and unr 
 •queftionable Rights, we may have all the 
 Appearance of adling with the moft wan- 
 ton. Infoleoce, with the moil hateful.Op* 
 preflion'; ' " "^ ^ 
 
 You propofe to the Two Great Men,^ 
 thatj/" II ifef(?i'e they mter upon any neixr 
 Treaty i or liften to anypfaitfihk Fropo- 
 fal whatever^ they ' ought to infji that 
 yujiice nfft^ be do?2e with' regar^o'for- 
 " mer Treaties, [hew France the folemn 
 Engagements Reentered into at Utrecht 
 to demoUJh Dunkirk. ** Demand^* id^y, 
 you, " immediate yuJIice on thfit Articie,^ 
 " as a /prdiminary 'Proof oj her Sincerity 
 '*: if^iihe enjiiipg Me0iatign\yeTl theti^^ 
 'V'with Me Firmmfs [of^ wife 'Conquer prs^'' 
 *' that tie^ Demolttfofi 0/ Dunkirk is *what\ 
 you/ are entitled to by Treaties made^ 
 long ago and i^olqted^inndthat it jhall 
 not be fo tnuch as 'rpentioned iyi the en* 
 ** Juing Negotiation y but complied ivith be- 
 55 fore that Negotiation fhall commenced ' 
 
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 Tho' this is a Sort of Language hith erto, 
 •I believe, unheard in jKz/ro/c', why you 
 conftne it tp Dunkirk I cannot .im- 
 agine,. Why would -yoXi^ not have 
 
 •' \ Vi4. p; 24, 25. u. 
 
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 them in the fame previous Manner re-* 
 noimceall Right to the difputed Parts of 
 America f You will I hope allow, that 
 the French Encroachments there, are as 
 much againft the Faith of Treaties, as - 
 the Reftoration oi Dunkirk ; and that we 
 have full as good a right to expea every 
 Reparation of Intereft and Honour with 
 regard to the one, as to the other. But 
 if all Points wherein the Violation of 
 Treaties is charged, ought not, accord- 
 ing to your Dodrine, ta be fo much as 
 mentioned in the crtfuing Negotiation, 
 but ought to be fettled before that Ne- 
 gotiation (hall commence; the Bufmefs 
 of the Congrefs will be fo very (hort, 
 and fo very eafy, as to require no won- 
 derful Share of that Knowledge, that 
 Adroitnefs, and all that Combination 
 ©f Talents, and Virtues, which you 
 demand in a Plenipotentiary i l^ut which 
 you are almoft in Defpair of finding 
 among our Nobility. To fpeak and to 
 a€l to the Letter of the Inftrudions 
 which you give him, inftead of all thofc 
 Qualifications, hfe need only aflume a de- 
 cifive and diaatorial Tone ; to rail abun- 
 dantly at thofe employed by the Enemy to 
 treat with him ; to remind them of theit 
 amaxing Perfdy, * to tell them that be owes 
 
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 * p. 24. 
 
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 thm aBifgrace f j to tellthem that he can 
 have no Dealings with fuch a People \ ♦and 
 thus to go through the little that is left 
 to be done with as great Airs of Arro- 
 gance and Superiority as he can poffibly 
 aflume. Thefe are Accomplifliments in- 
 deed not difficult to be found, and which 
 we need not defpair to^meet with at -^z*- 
 thur's, or on the Turf, J 
 
 I do not, Sir, ©ean to inGnuate, that 
 the I>cmolition o^ Dunkirk is not an Ob- 
 jed: worthy of our regard. It is indeed 
 probably not of quite fo much Import- 
 ance, as you tliink it, and as formerly it 
 was thought, whilft in the Continental- 
 Wars of King William, and Queen Ant^e^ 
 we ncglcded our Naval Strength, and 
 the due Protedlion of our Trade. How- 
 ever, as it is ftill an Objcdl:, there is no 
 doubt but in the enfuing Negotiation our 
 Miniftry will attend with proper Care to 
 have it demolifhed, according to the 
 Tenor of former Treaties. This, Sir, 
 we may fay with fome Affurance, will be 
 done. But that this be done before we 
 condefcend to treat, that it is to be a Pre- 
 liminary to the Preliminaries of Peace, is 
 
 
 
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 tP. 25. P. id.. 
 
 X P. 6. 
 
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 an Idea altogether extravagant, and as little 
 juftified by Precedent as by Reafon. That 
 thofc very Matters for which War was 
 declared fhould not be fo much as men- 
 tioned in the Negotiation for Peac^ is a. 
 Principle entirely your own, and to which 
 all the Writers on Politicks have to this 
 Day been entirely Strangers. You feem 
 indeed aware of this, and therefore af- 
 fett that fuch Demands as you propofc 
 -j- " cannot be looked upon as the Info- 
 lence of a Conqueror, but as the wife 
 Forefight of a People whom dear- 
 bought Experience hath taught the 
 proper Way of doing itfelf Juftice. For 
 you obferve fome few Lines before,^ that 
 we ought " § to take every Method in 
 our Power to fecure the Obfervance of 
 thofe Conceflions they may make; and 
 to infift upon their giving us fuch 
 Proofs of their Sincerity before any 
 Negoiation is entered upon, as may 
 give us fome J/urancCy that ihcy Jnean 
 to kcfnore faithful to ihtir future En- 
 gagements:' The way you propofc 
 then of doing ourfelves Juftice, is to in- 
 iift upon thefe Demands, as the Compli- 
 ance with them by the French is fuppofed 
 
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 to be a Security for their adhering to 
 the Treaty. 
 
 I fhould, Sir, moft willingly concur 
 with you in reconiincndtrig any Method 
 which might fecure their Adherence to 
 fuch ConcefliorJs as they fhallmake; which 
 might draw from them any real Proof of 
 their Sincerity y or which would give us 
 feme jijfurance that they mean to be more 
 faithful to their ftUure Engagements : but 
 I have confidered your Demand in every 
 Light which I was capable of putting k ; 
 and after all lam utterly unable to difcover, 
 if France ibould fubmit to the hunrMliat- 
 ing Step you propofe, .w^t additional 
 Security this will, or can give^ttSj^iat ihe 
 will keep the Peace that is to eiifuc, 
 whenever (he ihall find it her Intereft 
 16 break it. This Step may indeed be 
 a mortifying Confeflion of her pwefent 
 Weaknels, but can be tio fort of Secu- 
 rity for her future Faith. 
 
 So far from having any fuch Opera- 
 tion, there is all the Reafon in the 
 World to expe<5l that it would produce 
 quite the contrary' EflFecft. A Nation 
 which through xhi NccefTity of its Af- 
 fairs fubmits tg^ Terms impofcd for po 
 
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 other purpofe than to infult-her, feck* 
 the firft Opportunity to wipe off the 
 Stain. She will not look upon fuch En- 
 gagements as a Treaty, but as an Op- 
 preffions and fhe will find a fort of 
 Excufc for the Infidelity of her Cori- 
 dua, in the Infolencc of ours. Nations, 
 like Men, often refcnt an Infult more 
 than an Injury. 
 
 Unreafonblc as this Demand may 
 be, you however feem fond of itj for 
 you again afk, " Can you have any 
 " Dealings with a Power, who, if he 
 " refufes this, at ihe very Time that 
 "he is treating, affords you fuch a 
 ** manifeft Proof that his Word is not 
 «' to be relied upon, and that you can- 
 " not truft to the Execution of any 
 " Promifes ever fo folemnly made ?" 
 Why not? You may. Sir, undoubted- 
 ly have Dealings with fuch a Power, 
 notwithftanding fuch a Refufal j becaufe 
 he only does what is extremely natu- 
 ral, and extremely reafonable, in lefu- 
 fing to deftroy a Place which is of ufc 
 to him in War, before his Enemy has 
 condcfccndcd to treat for Peace. Yo* 
 
 n. 
 
 J*_, Vij^ B ^S'^S>L^^J^^^h 
 
 itr 
 
 V 1, 
 
 "N. 
 
 
 . k' 
 
 ;i*V 
 
 ^.\-o ■'^i,..Vt-\ ^'^V^v^^ :.fO >v:^fc-£. 
 
. [15] 
 
 do not fare imagine, that any Nation is 
 fo ignorant and fottifti as hot to know, 
 that the voluntary Weakening its Hands 
 before a Negotiation for - Peace, is not 
 the way to fecure it good Terms in 
 that Negotiation j and that they ma^^ 
 well refufe to comply with this igno- 
 JTiinious and unfafe Condition, without 
 manifefting any Intention of fwcrving 
 from their Engagements. If it cpuld 
 be fuppofed for a Moment tha^our 
 Adminiftratbn would adopt your Syf- 
 tem, might not Fra(n(fe in her turn afk, 
 and very reafonably too. What Security 
 we propofe to give, if flie ihould fubmit 
 to this extraordinary previons Prelimi- 
 nary, that wc (hall even then confent 
 on our Side to an equitable Peace ? Or 
 that this firft unreafonable Demand may 
 not be followed by others ftill more un- 
 reafonable, whilft we have any thing to 
 alk, or /he any thing left to give? To an- 
 fwer Fa visits would found ftrangcly; 
 to anfwcr other wife with Confiftency 
 is impoflible ; and it muft be allowed, 
 that fo extraordinary a Demand previ- 
 ous to a Treaty, would be a very bad 
 Omen of our Moderation in the framing 
 it. A Compliance with it would indeed 
 / mor- 
 
 
 iV. 
 
 rf' ^ 
 
 
 
 
[ i6 ] 
 
 mortify the Enemy, but it would add 
 fUDthing to our real Strength ; whilft it 
 would alarm every Nation near us, an4 
 *fli(l France in exciting that Jealoufy 
 of the Britip Naval Power, which ftic 
 hafr for a long Time been labouring 
 with great Induftry, and fome Succefs, 
 to infufe into all the JSfations of Eurdpe. 
 and particularly into the Maritime States. 
 You have very well obfervf:d upon the 
 Terror which was excited by the Power 
 of Leivis XIV. and upon the gene- 
 ral Confederacy againft him, which was 
 the Confequence of this Power : but you 
 have forgot to add, that the infolent 
 ufe he made of his Greatnefs, alarm- 
 ed as mucd, and provoked much more, 
 than that enormous Power itfelf:,it 
 was indeed the true Caufe of his Fall. 
 Other Nations alfo may be thought too 
 powerful ; and they will be thought fo, 
 whenever they exercife their Power with 
 Haughtinefs. Without having recourfe to 
 + a Montcfquieu, perhaps, Sir, it may be- 
 found that the Roman, the Spanijh, and 
 
 t P. 38. And perhaps it might on Inquiry be 
 worthy of another Montefquieu to affi^n the 
 Caufes of the Rife and fall of the/'rmA Monar- 
 
 t' ^'' the 
 
 
 
 
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 -»T- 
 
 1 '■ f 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 I i. - 
 
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 A. 
 
 ^■i 
 
 ■sx, 
 
 
 
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 jjH^ 
 
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 •\- 
 
 •" M .,: 
 
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 '■S^» ■■■''-■■ • Ki 
 

 ihePrencb Grandeur have owed their De- 
 biei)fion to' the fame C^ufe j they had at- 
 i^it\td a greater Power thao they had Wif- " 
 dom fufEcient to difedt ; fbt the fake of 
 gratifying the paffion of the Day, they 
 loft fight of thfeir lafting Intcteft . 
 
 The utmort rational Aim bf our Am- 
 bition, ought to be, to poi&ft a juft 
 Weight, and Confideration \)ct Europe'-^ 
 and that thei^ower of the Nation fhould 
 be rather refpe6lablfe than'tefrrblfe. To 
 effecft this, it muft: not be employed invi- 
 dioufly ; it muft operate difcretely and 
 quietly; then it wilt be happily felt io 
 its Effedts, while it is little feen in violent 
 Exertions. The Genius and Difpofi- 
 tion of Nations, as vi^ell as Men, is 
 beft difcerned by the ufe they make of 
 Power. And therefore my great Objec- 
 tion to this Part of your Plan, does 'not 
 arife from the Nature of the thing which 
 you defire ; my Objedion is to the T\n>e 
 and Matiner in which you infift on hav- * 
 ing it don^i which is as I apprehend 
 to ourfelves of no kind of ufe, and 
 therefore arrogant and unreafonable to 
 Wards the Enemy. 
 
 After the Propofal concerning Tiun- 
 
 B kirk. 
 
 
 
 ■•^;:'» 
 
 ', > . 
 
 
 
 
 ■v'-'\,.4l^ 
 
.-•ffil 
 
 .«- ^ 
 
 [ 18 ] 
 
 kirk, you lay before the Two Great Men 
 the other Parts of your Plan. And her<? 
 you recommend it to them to difplay their 
 Moderation by giving M^Guadaloufe^ Sener 
 gal, and Goreei and their WiWom by 
 keeping the Poflcflion of every Part of 
 Canada, To keep Canada is the Point 
 you have principally at heart 1 * ** this is 
 •*^ the Point you fay invariably to bead- 
 •* hered to, «* this is to be xht fine quanon 
 «* of the Peace," and unlefs it is, we Aall 
 ** have a treacherous and delujhe Petfce.** 
 
 Before I examine the Juftncfs of thoie 
 Motives that make you fo ftrenuoufly at- 
 tached to this Objedt, and fo indifferent to 
 every other; I {hall beg leave ro remark 
 upon the Confcquence you deduce from 
 the Poflibility that Canada will be given 
 up, " that we (hall have a treacherous 
 ** and deluiive Peace.'* 
 
 The Views which every State ought 
 to have at the making of Peace, may 
 be reduced to two. 
 
 ift. To attain thofe Objeds for which 
 (he went to War. And, 
 
 . * Vidi p. 34. 
 
 .. ^''■:/ '"s 
 
 ^dfy. Tcr 
 
 • ; . ,%' 
 
 «^- 
 
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 ■;.«. 
 
 ^Bfi-^^I^^^S^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^ssi 
 
 aaaai aa^ ^s 
 

 ■I 
 
 [ 19] 
 
 jffly.;fl receive fome reafbnable In- 
 
 aemnlficktibn for the Charges (he has 
 
 incurred in carrying it on. Without open- 
 
 1f avowing ibme | Views of Ambition^ 
 
 no Nation can poflibly claim moro. 
 
 K^: This admitted, Sir, I afk upon the 
 ififft Held; Whether the Poffeflion of 
 Canada^ properly fo called, was ever one 
 of thofe Objedh for which we began the 
 War? Wa^ it ever mentioned as fuch 
 ib any of our Memorials or Declara- 
 tions, or in any National or Publick Adl 
 ^hjrtfocvcr ? ^ 
 
 i€tfue Caufe of the War, our real 
 itthd indifputable Right, is well known. 
 Our Claims were large enough for Pof- 
 feflion and for Security too. And will 
 you fay. Sir, that if, in the beginning 
 of thefe Troubles, France influenced by 
 a Dread of the Exertion of the Britijh 
 Power, had acknowledged thefe Claims, 
 had given up Nova Scotia, or Acadia^ 
 
 t P. 4. of the Letter. As his Majefty entered into 
 tfic War not from views of Ambition. 
 
 P. 33. This Plan is perfe^Hy agreeable to that 
 Moderation exprefled by hi« Majefty in his Speech. 
 Ibid. The PoiTeflioi* of G?«w<i&is no viewTof Ambition. 
 
 ~w: 
 
 Qg 
 
 -"^^p I 
 
 ■ a-/ 
 
 4f: 
 
 •A 
 
 >^: 
 
 :i 
 
 rf- 
 
 Jill 
 
 '■■r' 
 
 
 ^^^'^^^^^ 
 
 ^^Bm^^ 
 
 ism 
 
t 
 
 Jc" "■■ 
 
 with its ancient and true Baundarics» 
 had demolifhed their Fort in the Pra-; 
 vince of New Toriy had removed" them- 
 felves from the Oi'/i?. and renounced all 
 claim to tb^t Territory, and that on thofe 
 Conceffions the Miniftry had then ceafed 
 from Hoftilities, without, acquiring, or 
 even claiming Canada^ will you fay th%|; 
 we fhould have had a treacherous and 
 . delufive Peace ? You will hardly ven- 
 ture to aflert that we (hould. And^ 
 is a Peace made after France \i2L'& felt 
 the Force of Britairiy and Aibmitted to 
 that Force, to he more treacherous and 
 delufive than if flie had made it from 
 an Apprehenfion only of the Confe- 
 quences ? Is a Peace to be treacherous 
 and . delufive, if we do not get on that 
 Peace, wliat we never claimed as our 
 Right before the War? Is a Peace t?!^ache- 
 rdus and delufive that puts us in pofTef- 
 fion of a Territory larger than feveral 
 flouri filing Monarchies ? Is a Peace de^ 
 lufive and treacherous only becaufe fome- 
 thing is left to the Enemy ? '•^ , 
 
 But you do not alTert that we havic any 
 original Right to Canada ; nor do yq^ 
 fay that the Coi^efTion of thofe Boun- 
 daries 
 
 r '■ 
 
 ,. 
 
 
 -J.;;- 
 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 \ 
 
 
 |hm 
 
 ■■ 
 
 ■1 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 TJ 
 
 K 
 
 (. 
 
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 BiiiiiilliaM iiaiiii 
 
-HSifn' ,»,,,■ 
 
 
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 daries which we liavc daiinea 4o not 
 give us a vaft Tertitory and an advan- 
 tagecius Bat^p. YoWgo upon another, 
 which is indeed the^nly. Principle which 
 
 t pa toake ufe of, but which you arfe of 
 opinion is fo ftrong */* as to filence the 
 
 >^^*l3rench Plenipotentiaries, and^ to con- 
 »^ yince all Europe of the juftice of your 
 
 .1 " demand.'* ^ , ) 
 
 ; « AflM^? French^ih^ Security tl^ 
 
 " can give ypu if we peftore C^«^«^, 
 
 *^^ «« however reftraihed in its Boundaries, 
 
 .** that they will not again begin to ex- 
 
 «*/tend.thei».^at our Expe^ce." 
 
 I^he French Plenipotentiaries, Sir, muft 
 |c very extrapr(iinary"Advocat;9|5. to be fi- 
 icniced, and E^r^/*^ as extraordinary a 
 Judge to, be convinced by.^9Mia^^ Argu- 
 t^mU\France, Sir^might anfwer, that (he 
 can give no fucl^ Security. ^No Nation 
 jiifhilft independent can give^; it. And 
 ^refbre no. i&h Security (hould be 
 flefired. To define the Enemifes whole 
 Country upon no other Principle hut 
 that otherwiie you cannot fecure your 
 
 ♦ P, 3. of the Letter. " ^ 
 
 t 
 
 
 B3 
 
 • owni 
 
 < 
 
 '" "^ .\' :=^ -r. --..'w ■ 
 
 1 ■•"-■ 
 
 
 
 
 ' "•" ~ 
 
N 
 
 i 
 
 i?ija. 
 
 *> 
 
 r\ 
 
 own, is turning the Idea of mere 0©^ 
 f^snce into die moft dangerous af ftJJ 
 Principies. II is leaving no Medium be- 
 tween Safety zM Conqueft. It is never 
 to fuppofc yourfelf fafe, whilft your 
 Neighbour enjoys any Security. IndeeS^ 
 fuch a queftibn, after the Matters di£. 
 puted in the War have been adjuftctf, 
 is an A vowaj of fuch an unreafonable Am-* 
 bition, that I truft you will never be fe- 
 condcd in it by any Englifi Man or 
 Eng(ijh Minifter. For it is a Queftioa 
 that extends infinitely in its Cohfe-' 
 quences, extends (for any thing I can fee 
 to ihe contrary), to the utter Deftrudion 
 of Mankind. Ms whilil ever we have 
 France, or any:6ther Nation on our Bpr* 
 ders either in jE/^ro/^ or in America^ vif;^ 
 muft in the nature of things have fre;^ 
 quent Difputes and Wars with them; 
 and we muft fuppbfe, at leaft, a§ often 
 as we are fuccefsful, that the En^y is 
 in f^ult; that is, we muft foopp/c the 
 Enemy had pro\g^ed us to tatff l^ by 
 the Violation of Tome Trcatyjil^Ry 
 Invafion of fome undoubted Right. Th^ 
 Bufinefs of a Peace is to adjuft and to de- 
 ^^ thefe Difputes ; but after the\ 
 "^ has, agreed to our original Qe- 
 
 . mands. 
 
 \ 
 
 ^. 
 
 
 .» 
 
 # 
 
 T% 
 
 
 
 -v. Xi 
 
 >-iV 
 
 .4 
 
 
 jgmmiH^iiiafiaa^anirjjff 
 
 '^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 ^d^^^^^i^S 
 
f: 
 
 i 
 
 ? '3 J 
 
 / 
 
 ^ 
 
 inlands, if we eox>n to demand Security for 
 
 ' ie iPrefervauon ol^^eacej what lefs do 
 
 we demand, than that they ftiould yield 
 
 theoifelves bound Hand ^nd Foot up 
 
 > k ^ io our Mercy ? Let our Borders be ever 
 
 rjft*^^© extended, as long as we have any 
 
 ' "*'^' ^Nation near us, we niuft have the fame 
 
 Difputes, the fame Wars, and we mui^ 
 
 demand, upon your Principle, the fame 
 
 Security at the Conclufion of a Peace. 
 
 Therq was a Nation indeied, which . I 
 am fure we refemble more in Courage, 
 than in Ambition and Injufticc, which 
 frequently ufcd to demand fuch a Cau- 
 tion : and fuch a Caution they adtually 
 did reqttire from the Carthaginians, when 
 they intended it as a Preliminary to 
 the utter Deftru€tion of that People, and to 
 the mod notorious Breach of Faith upon 
 their own fide. Their. Pretence was 
 cxa<5tly yours ; that the Enemy was a Nation 
 perfidious to a Proverb; a People whorti 
 no Treaty could bii^d. They u fed the 
 tunica in the fame manner that you do 
 the Gallica Fides, I need not « inform 
 you, Sir, what followed : and indeed 
 it was impofliblc that fuch" Principle* 
 (Ui4 Pretentions could end in any thing * 
 ^ ^ 84^ but 
 
 * 
 
 
 T*"' 
 
 "'"--^"^-'"^"' "^ MUi 
 
 ^^^^^^^ 
 
s 
 
 i 
 
 ft 
 
 
 
 
 . " ■ ' ■*"•■■■.■.■'■ 
 
 ^ba|: the total Deftrudiqu vof the'^V^n 
 'quifhed.^ 
 
 I do not fee why the Arguments yoi| 
 employ concerning a Security for a peace- 
 able Behaviour in Canada y would not 
 he equally ^cogent for. Calling for the 
 fame Security in Europe. They are 
 our Neighbours and dangerous ones here 
 as Well as there ; the Low Countn'eSy 
 Lorain y Alface, (hew us that the Prench 
 Monarchy, has been, at leaft, as intent 
 upon extending its Dominion in Europe, 
 as it can be in America ; we know that 
 they have tried 'afl the Methods of \y^ar, 
 of Treaty, and of Marriages, to enlarge 
 their dangerous Empire. But ftill, dread- 
 ed as they are in Europe (and much 
 more to be d reaped than CN^er they 
 were in America) if we could be fo hap- 
 py to fee, what I fear we never ftiall fee, 
 a Confederacy to reclaim their Ufur- 
 pationis, what would we fay to the In- 
 folence of thofe who, on your Principle, 
 fhould demand all France as a Security 
 that they fhould not make the like Ufur- 
 pations for the future. 
 
 But, Sir, Our real Dependence for keej5- 
 
 ing 
 
 
 
 ■» • 
 
 x:) 
 
 
 
 ttaa^^^^^a 
 
T 
 
 Miiii 
 
 .^■:'*^a 
 
 
 ./»?,- 
 
 t%l 
 
 jng France^ ot any ptner Nation, true to 
 her Ehgagenients, niu-ft not he, i'n de- 
 manding Securities, which n^. N;atipn 
 whilft independent can give, but on our 
 pwi> Strength and our owii Vigilance. 
 
 To fay the Truth, we owe our Lofes 
 •in America as much to our own, Supine- 
 nefs as to the French Perfidy. Our Mi- 
 nifters have heretofore adted in regard to 
 America y^s if they expedled from a 
 Magic in the Cojitraft," that it would 
 perform itfclf. They took no Stej^ tP 
 pnforce it. But ff.oip the Wii^Cf^ ^4 
 Vigour of our prefent Admini^iratioD, I 
 ftiould expert another CJondu^. As^oon 
 ^s France is happily reduced tp !Ccde,u5 
 fuch Boundaries as biay be th^ugV pro- 
 per to demand, the fanjc $pifij,,^|iat has 
 condbded the War, will mm'Vain the 
 Terms of the Pcage. ' Inftead.pf jeavfng 
 Fr.^fnce at liberty tp build , Fprt;s at licr 
 Difcretion, Engfij/h 'Boris wiU, b^ raifc;^ 
 at fuch Faffes, as ipa)^at once^make us re- 
 fpcdable to the Frencl^, and to.tf^i^ iiJ^iait 
 Nations. God forbid that -we fhould 
 depend on the Sincerity of our Eii^my. 
 Every wife Nation will rely* on its ow(i 
 \Vatchfulnefs,and 6n its own Strength, 
 
 to 
 
 Ir-- ,, 
 
 '\ 
 
•"'K: 
 
 [26 1 
 
 to maintaio the Terms they oblige their 
 . Enemy tp, jjiye^lhcfrti j at^ w^ho^ycl^ ex- 
 ' jpc(fts anj^'t^lfrer Dcpendcm;c,'^\yili iind 
 
 himfclf *c Dupe. - : .^ ^ "; 
 
 To fupply any Defeat that may be in 
 your own Authority to perfuade this 
 Meafure, your favourite Meafure of rer 
 taji)ing Canada, you .call in the Aid oSf 
 oii^ :American Colonies 5 and tell us, 
 ** though Care Jhould be taken to keep ail 
 ** that we have ctaimed, Jomething more \. 
 ** muji be done, ot our American Colonies 
 *' wtJl fell.yoUy pou have done nothing** 
 On ^ajt Authprity this is" fo pofitively 
 affcrtiedto Be the Languiage of our jH/neri- 
 ftfuCblonics, you have not told us. I hope 
 uid believe thit yoti have bden mifinform- 
 ed. But if our American Colonies fliould 
 be fo abfurd and ungrateful to tell us, after 
 all the Blood and Treafure expended in 
 their Caufc, that we do nothing, if we 
 do not i;najke Conqiicfts for them, they 
 muft be taught a LcfTon of greater Mo- 
 deration. It with a Superiority of* at leaft 
 ten to one, with a vait ^d advantageous 
 Barrier, with the proper Precautions to 
 flrengthen it, under the Proteiflion of a 
 great Naval Power, they caniibt think 
 
 them- 
 
 M. 
 
r 
 
 ( ^7 ^ 
 
 themrelves fecure, they ipiufl blame thpir 
 own Cowardiqip ot Igndranc^ |w^ ^^ioj ^^^ 
 ftdeafiires of tfieir Mathc^wuntiy 5 wH^ 
 is bound to provide for thQir Happinefs and 
 iSect^rity, and not for th^jr v^in Ambi- 
 tioo, o^ gicfundlc;fs Fear^ 
 
 Th^ Idea of !fil!Qurin^ ypuipfelf, oply by 
 paving np othe^r Nation near ypu, is* j( 
 lidnvf , an Idea 6f American Extra6tk>^« 
 It IS the gc;nuine Pplicy of Savages } and 
 it i8t)wirig to thi^ PoWj that £S«WJ«ji 
 and Frana are able at this Pay to diCpute 
 the Sovereignty of Deferts in America \ 
 to which n/either of us would otlierv^ife 
 h^ve had ^ny right. 
 
 As \5(e priqtcnd no original Height to 
 Canada^ that we can verv ra^tiopa^ly fecure 
 ourfplyes m North America ^yit)iput ^tc 
 ^offcflipn pf it, wijl, i j^pprch^pd^ need 
 very fe\y Argumciits to demopftrate. t 
 have already obfery^ upon tl^c vs^ftSu^ 
 periority of h(fcn that \|^f jiavc thcfci fuch 
 ^ Superiority, that I a(^ always ailpp^Qi.- 
 ed when I think op th^ unaccountable 
 Condud that has ever made france ah 
 Enemy to be apprehended on tb*t Con- 
 tjpent^ Vl(c are i^ Nq^tp 4^mf0 np.t 
 
 only 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 
 
 t 
 
 V 
 
"''^S.^ V 
 
 
 f ^ 1 
 
 Y***/ a Ife^tec Kaval, but a far greater 
 Oshtini^ntdlPowlr., i)ur Superiority v^ 
 Point of Situation is- fio lefs vifible.^ If 
 addei; to thefe Advantage?, we aqqulre 
 on a Peace aU'thofe importai^jt Tofts 
 and Communications, by which* alone 
 Canada htC3itnQ in any pegre? dang^risus 
 to u&, I cinnot (ec y^hfCafJaJdyyiezki^edt 
 ftrlpped, confined, ahd> I may fay bound 
 do\vn, will not be infinitely in more Dan- 
 ger; in cafe of any Rupture.betwen the 
 two" Nations,' from our Colqniesr, than clurs 
 
 can be from it. , , ,., 
 
 1 cannot help obfeivin^,. t'^at among 
 all your Ideas of Security, and that in par- 
 ticular ^pxious as^ you are for. the/Secu- 
 rity of iV(?r/i6 Jniiricfz, you (hew. little re- 
 gard to that of the^^ Indies^- Our ftf- 
 rMee' Iflands liiufi be ever injipilfjy ii> 
 greater Danger frpnrl G»tf^<i/5tt/^, than bur 
 
 North American Qo^^^^^^ can be from 
 ) CtfWtf circumlcribed as it ought,, and as it 
 is pretumed it wil! be. The French have a 
 real Superiority in 'the mji Indies, ahd they 
 Jiave oricc made it to be feverely felt. 
 
 If, as it das been fhewn, we may beyond 
 any rational Fear fecurc ourfclvcs with- 
 out 
 
 [ 
 

 t 2? 1 , 
 
 out the intire Poffeflion of Canada, wc 
 can defire it in Prejference to^QWt O^er 
 Conquefts only on Account of its fuppioi^; 
 Value^^^^Jbough yoii Have not atallinfifted 
 • on this/yeitleft this may be thougKt one of, 
 your Motives to that great Preference, and 
 it is fure the be ft Motive you could have 
 had, we will confider the Point fomewhat 
 at large, and this will bring u$ to the fe- 
 cond of thofe leading Ideas, that ought 
 to guide a Nation in a Treaty of Peace; 
 f that is, to acquire a.proper Indemnification 
 for the Expences of the War. You are 
 not one of the Number of thofe who 
 think vve ought to give up nothing in a 
 Peace.' You do not claim Canada on a 
 Principle of Right. We have examined 
 it on the Principle of Security ; the only 
 Queftion that now remains to be difputed 
 between us is, whether Canada be a better 
 Indemnification for the Expences of the 
 War, than all our other Conquefts put 
 together; for you give up all the reft with 
 great Eafe, and inlift on this only. 
 
 Before we enter into a Comparifon be- 
 tvjeen the Value of our Acquifitions in 
 tne Wejl Indies and thofe in Canada, I 
 muft beg leave to take fome notice of 
 
 Z \ 
 
 
 ■? , 
 
 vour 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 
V. 
 
 sy 
 
 , aSk,-- ■ 
 
 } 
 
 your Re$fop, your only Rea(bii, fof 
 giving^: the IfkA^ oi Guddakupe*^ 
 ** ^al 1ie6 have already fo' many Sugat* 
 " IllaiKb of our own.** If any Argiinbierit 
 cduld poffibly be drawn from our 'having 
 Abunaan6c of Territory, furely it jiblds 
 much iporc ftrongly with regard to iVbr^A 
 jimerica, where one of our Provinces 
 alone has more Land than oiirs, anrd all 
 iht French Sugar Lands put together. If 
 we have in the Wefl Indies Land enotigh 
 for Sugar, furely we have L^nd Enough 
 in North America for the far iefs valu- 
 able Commodities, which are produced 
 on that vaft Continent. On what Grounds 
 you are pleafed to think the keeping ia 
 great Sugar Ifland an Acquifition of little 
 Confequcnce, I ^m unable to compre- 
 hend. You know furely that in one of 
 our Iflands, the greateft of them, we 
 labour under a fort of Monopoly, and 
 under other Difadvantages, hard, if not 
 
 P. 33. The PofTelfion of Guadaloupt, an additional 
 Sugar Ifland, when wc have fo many of our own, ought 
 not tabe infifted upon fo {IrenuoyHy as to make il a ne- 
 ceilkry Condition of t-he Peace j and th6ugh Senegal and 
 Goret are of real Importance in the Slave andKrum 
 Trades, our own y^m^fn Settlements have hithecto fup- 
 plied us with Slaves iufiicient for our American Purpofes. 
 
 h 
 
mmm 
 
 T 
 
 y 
 
 lit] 
 
 i^T 
 
 if^^ble to |<5 remcdi(e4.. Y<^,,k 
 tKatfjano(hei> Illahd, t::meb |?r^^ 
 formerly one of our beft, is at prcfent 
 much exhaufted) fo that the Produce, 
 and the Profit made on that Produce, 
 diminifhcs daily } ^nd that the reft, except 
 perhaps Antigua^ are quite inconfider- 
 abk i fo inconfidcrable, that the Iflands, 
 which as dependents on Guadaloupe arc 
 fcarce mentioned, are miich njore valua- 
 ble. It was no fooner found that the King 
 of lienmark was intent on fettling the 
 Ifland of Santa Cr»;2, than fome confi- 
 derable Planters immediately removed 
 thither, and it is now almoil wholly 
 fettled by the Englijh, Many have adu- 
 ally Interefts in Martinico j and Guada- 
 loupe was fcarce taken When our Planters 
 flocked thither, and immediately made 
 conditional § Purchafcs, fenfiblc of the 
 Superiority of this Ifland and the Defeifls 
 of our own. 
 
 
 ■Ife' -v , -, 
 
 h 
 
 In Confequence of thofe Wants, and 
 
 § I fay conditional, becaufe the Capitulation has 
 reodered it impoffible to make an abfolute Purchafe; 
 but they have already made Contra<as to purchafe, 
 if the Ifland remains to us, and have taken ponef* 
 iion of Plantations by virtue of fuch Contradb. 
 
 ^^__^ Dif- 
 
 ^^^B^^^B^mat^^ 
 
■ft: 
 
 \k^; 
 
 
 .oV 
 
 
 ' DlfadVantages, our Sugar Iflands produce 
 U^tk more than wh^ ferves t%: ten^' 
 Corifutnption j and that too at a vety ad- 
 vanced Price.* From the foreign Market 
 we have before this War been almoft 
 wholly excluded, l^r^wf^ fupplied all the 
 Markets of Europe, and fupplied theni 
 
 . in agrea.t meafure frorti the Produce oF 
 this very Ifland, whichyou efteerti fo light- 
 ly. When wc cbrifider Things in a Com- 
 mercial Light, ir is the foreign Market 
 which ought certainly to have the greateft 
 Influence. ^Thofe who fupply the home 
 Confumption purvey to our Lu)cury t 
 thofe who fupply the foreign Market 
 
 ■ adminifter to our Wealth and to out 
 Power. 
 
 ■ V 
 
 *;K>/> 
 
 To fhew yoii; Sir, how mdch the 
 Sugar Trade might contribute to the 
 Wealth and Power of any Nation, by ^ 
 what it formerly did contribute to Our^, 
 and what for a long Time pdft It ha^ 
 contributed to that of France, I will lay 
 before you fome Fa(!ls, which are, Sin of 
 a Nature infinitely more convincing than 
 the warmeft Sallies of the moft lively 
 Eloquence. About the time of the Treaty 
 of Utrecht we fupplied the greateft part 
 
 df 
 
OTIWIiP 
 
 IP 
 
 [ S3-] 
 
 '■'./', 
 
 <■■'■ 
 
 ^fthc Sugar Confumption thtt)ughout £«^- 
 rope, Frdme, fk:)from didhtending with us 
 in the foreign Market, tqok from us agreat 
 part of what they ufed at home, from 
 the year 1 71 j to 1719 we exported one 
 Year with another 18580 Hogfheads of , 
 Su:gar } but frotn 17 19 to 1722 we fell to 
 lefs than half, for we fent abroad but 9064 
 communibtis'^nnis.^tcowivciMtdi regularly 
 mi the decreafe to 1739, in which Year our 
 Sugar Export had fallen to 4078 Hog- 
 iheads. Since that time, it has fallen almoft 
 to nothing. Now let us turn the other 
 fide, and view the Sugar Trade of Fr^«^^ 
 fmce the fame Period, the Treaty. of L/"- 
 if^echt. Atthattinie t\\t French exported no 
 ' Sugars. But mark, Sir,, the Revolution in 
 1740, whe n the ^nVt*-* Trade in that Ar- 
 ticle was in a manner annihilated j France^ 
 ^fter ferving her Home Confumption at 
 1^ very eafy Rate, exported no lefs than 
 80,060 Hogfheads of Sugar, which, with 
 the Gains of the CommiflTon, &c. was re- 
 puted to be worth to France more than a 
 Million Sterling, to employ 40 Ton of 
 Shipping, and 4000 Seamen, folely in- 
 bringing from the Weft Indies to Europe. 
 Thefe, Sir, arc Fadts that proclaim loudly 
 the Advantage of thofe Jflands to France 
 whilfl: the y were in her Poflcirion ; an d de- 
 
 C clare 
 
I' ' 
 
 ^ 
 
 [34]. 
 
 clare no lefs ftropgly the Advantages 
 which muft accrue to Britain, if (he GtHt^d 
 attain the Poffcffion of one of the v^ry 
 heft of them. Eaas thefe tht« ought 
 not to be paffed hghtly, until^ you can 
 ihew fomething like them in favour of 
 the Plan you fo warmly embrace, vvWeh 
 cannot I believe be done. I ther^rc 
 Sir, cannot help thinking that your^^- 
 {ons fox t^t&.mgGuadaloupe J on the Piin- 
 ciple of our having Sugar Land moughy 
 are not near fo ftrong, or the Matter fo 
 well weighed, as the Ittipo^tance of the 
 Queftion dcferves. -r', - 
 
 But let us fee what the Value of this 
 Canada is, m Comparifon of which you 
 rcjc6t all our other Acquifitions. 
 
 Unluckily for your Argument, you 
 yourfelf inform * us at your3 fetting out, 
 that the French fet very little Value upon 
 this PofTeffion, and that they have even 
 deliberated, whether it fhould not be en- 
 tirely abandoned. 
 
 If in the Hands of the French, who 
 have no other Northern^ Colony, from 
 whence to fupply their Iflands with 
 
 *^ 30, aa4.33* 
 
 Lum-j ^ 
 
f 
 
 t, > ' - 
 
 -^ 
 
 
 ^^^»,,p(Br, Cprrt* :and Provifion,- Canadd 
 :Vwi$ gf (b very Mte Ini||^tan6^^ ^bjt is 
 it %e to prove in oursrwho h^^c jtuGh^ 
 imiiicntCe Trads fo much morie cor^e- 
 i^tly fitqated for thgt Trade, and whi> 
 "can eafily fupply five times the Corifump- 
 tion of ours, theirs, and all the other W^ejt 
 Jp^ia Iflands put together 5 and tt^Vtob 
 l^t a rpuch eafier Rate than they can pof- 
 fibiy have thefe Things at (romCanaJ^. 
 fiwt I do not infift upon tfiis Argujii^nt,. 
 thqiigh it is ftrong ^gainft you, becaufc 
 J i) not believe th^t France has fucb a 
 difeegard for tb^is their only confidprabte ^ 
 Ppitefljon in North America. It is a g^eaC^ 
 ^kile fmce they thought of giving it up ; 
 and they are long convinced that it is 9^ 
 iom^ uie to thern, independent qf their 
 Hopes of encroaching en our P9freirions. 
 Aik thofe, Sir, who lately {^.vf .Canada ^ if 
 it had the Face of a Colony vs^hich^ the 
 Mother Country was weary of folding ? 
 I believe, Sir, they will tell you that the 
 -Ci^Uivation of the Lands, the Number 
 and Ncatnefs of the Houfcs, the Warm 
 Condition of the Inhabitants, by no Means 
 feeiped to imply that they were negleaed 
 \>j France i but evinced rather (hat tjiis 
 Colpny was the Objea: of her very ten- 
 der Concern. 
 
 There- 
 
 C^ 
 
 L/ 
 
 y^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 •'^^r^-'m.^'''-^ ,,. ^,a 
 
r- . 
 
 If 
 
 ; 
 
 
 * • 
 
 f <■ 
 
 [ 36 1 
 
 K 
 
 There are, independent of the Opinion 
 or Defigns of ir^fW^:^, inany Reafons why 
 wc fhoald not ih'ink CanaJa a valuable 
 Exchange for our^Conqueft in the F^/? ; 
 Indies. Canada, fituated i?r a cold Cli- 
 mate, produces no Cpmmodity, extcpt 
 Furs and $kins, -which flie can exchange 
 for the Commodities of Europe-, and con- 
 fequently (he can have little Returns to 
 make the Englijh Merchant. We kfto.w 
 what trifling Returns we have, from fonic 
 of our own very flouri/hing Colonies in 
 America. The' whole Trade of Furs 
 and Skins, which Canada carried on with 
 France, fell (hort, in its mod flourifhing 
 State, of 1 40,000 a Year. The reft of their 
 Produce, with regard to the Market of 
 Europe, is as nothing. A very great Part 
 of the Value of thofe Furs was returned 
 from France in the Article of Brandy, 
 without which the Trade with the In- 
 dians for their Beaver and Deer Skins 
 could not be carried on. But as an En- 
 glijh Plantation, CV7«J^^ muft fupply itfelf 
 as all the other E?2glip Plantations d© 
 with Rum ; elfe they will be obliged in- 
 tirely to relinquifli the Fur and Peltry 
 Trade, which is the only valuable Trade 
 ' they have. But let it be confidered how 
 - ^-^-- ^ r-~-"-- ^f 
 
t^ 
 
 t 37 
 
 they can come to t% Weft, India Market 
 from the bottom of the River St. Laurence, 
 with the grofs and cheap Article of Lum- 
 ber and Corn, on a footuig with our Colo- 
 nib, many of which are not three Weeks 
 Sail from the Leeward lilands. They 
 could neither trade with Europey nor witk 
 the ff^eji Indies, with any tolerable Advan- 
 tage J not with the We/l Indies, becaufc 
 they muft be underfold in that Market j 
 not with Europe, becaufe being fo under- 
 fold they cannot have the Rum that is > 
 neceflary for the Indian Trade/ which, 
 keeps up their Commerce with Europe. 
 
 Indeed whilft Canada is in the Hands 
 of France, the Skin Trade may be kept 
 up fo as to be an Objea -, becaule the 
 Return for thofe Commodities, brings 
 back the Brandy wiia which they are 
 purchafed: and thus the Trade is kept 
 alive by a continual Circulation. The 
 bulkier Articles of Corn and Lumber ^ 
 may likewife continue a Branch of their 
 Trade, becaufe it is their Intereft to 
 fupport by (?very Method the Vent of 
 thefe Articles in their IVeJi Indies in Pre- 
 ference to Foreigners. But Canada m 
 pur Hands can have no fuch Preference, 
 
 •<>. 
 /' 
 
 C 3 
 
 and 
 
i' 
 4 
 
 \- 
 
 '/ ^ I 
 
 
 and therefore from its Situatioh taotlWlf* 
 be on an ' Equality in the JVeJi' ^M 
 Market ; and from which MarkeJt tfbillJ 
 it is that t^ey, as a Britijh Poffeffiofi, fcfth 
 derive the SjDirits, or thofe Materials fc&r 
 Spirits, without which the Fur attd Pcltrj*', 
 their only Trade, muft certainly periCfi, 
 Thefe Principles appear to me fo ^cU 
 grounded, that I think it no PrefiamptibH 
 to prophely, " if that Place iTiould .ever _ 
 «' be ours, the Fur Trad^ of Canada c&oft 
 '^inevitably come to little or ilotblng it^ 
 ** a few Years. 
 
 But let us extend our View a little fa^r* 
 ther ; let us fuppofe that if, inftcad of 
 aiming at the eiuire PoffefTion of North 
 America, we confine ourfeWes to thbfe 
 Limits which we have always claimed 
 there J and that Canada is refiored to 
 France, curtailed ip fucih ?i. 'manner ^s 
 to fecure the Ohio Country, ^nd the Gorti- 
 munication of the Lakes. The Country 
 to the Southward of Lake Erie, and*ncar 
 the Ohio, is the greatcfl Mian Huntia^ 
 Country in North America- If thi$^Tnei^- 
 ritory fhould remain with us op a WIcfe, 
 jt naturally draws to us all that Trade 
 which depends upon the Hontibg tt 
 Peer and geaver $ and if thif Cotintry 
 
 (ho\44 
 
• [ 37 1 
 
 ftould be further fecurei to us. by the 
 *'pQffeffion of Niagara, which is a foit 
 '•f infinite ImporUnce. and int'rtly coni- 
 SS the great Lakes of Ene^ and 0»- 
 hrio, I cannot fee how it is poffible to 
 Sthe far greater Part of the Commerce 
 of Iforth America out of our Hands. 
 The Indians muft every where be in- 
 tercepted before they can arrive at the 
 Frmi Colony, even fuppofing (what can 
 Aever be) that the French could entice 
 ^cm thi/her by feUing cheaper than our 
 Ipealers. 
 
 thus without aiming at the total Pof- 
 
 feffion of Canada, by eftablilh.ng proper 
 
 Li^K and by fecurisg them properly, 
 
 • we maV draw to ourfelves a great Part 
 
 f of t"t Trade which muft give CW. 
 
 : itfelf any Value, in the Eyes *f a com- 
 merciftl Nation. 
 
 So that the Queftion. Sir is not. whe- 
 
 ^ thtrCoMda extended to the Ocean by 
 
 a PoSon of the Ri^er St. >to. and 
 
 ■ ! r«at Part of i'Jova Scotia, encroaching 
 
 ■ utSn^nd icing Ne. Tf and ^^ 
 
 Sgand, commanding exclufively ^l the 
 
 Lies and Rivers, whether fuch a Cou, - 
 
 • i, ought to be kept m Preference ^t^o 
 
 c 4 
 
 m- 
 
•/ 
 
 f- 
 
 . [ 40 ] 
 
 Guaddloupe, and our other Conqueft ; but 
 whether Canada^ ftripped of thefe Advan- 
 tages, and confined to its proper Bounds, 
 confined to the Northward oi thofe Lakes, 
 and Rivers, be a better Accjuifitioa than 
 our rich Conqueil in the Weft Indies. 
 
 If we compare the Value of the 
 Returns of Canada, even whilft it flouri(h-r 
 ed moft by its Encroachments upon us, 
 with thofe of Guadaloupe, we (hall find 
 them in no Degree of Competition. The 
 Fur Trade, whofe Value is before men- 
 tioned, is its whole Trade, to Europe, 
 But Guadaloupe, befides the great Quan- 
 tities of Sugars, Cotton, Indigo, Cofifee, 
 and Ginger, whicfi it fends to Market, 
 carries on a Trade with the Caraccas and 
 other Parts' of the Spanijh Main, which 
 is a Trade wholly in the Manufa(flurcs of 
 Europe, and thci Returns for which, arc 
 almofl wbcjlly in ready Monpy. With- 
 out eflimating the Land, the Houfcs, the 
 V^oik^, and the Goods in the Ifland, the 
 Slaves, at the'loweft Valuation, are worth 
 upward?^ of one Million two hundred and 
 fifty thoufand Pounds flerling. It is a 
 kimwn Fad that theyTnake more Sugar 
 in Gtiadaloupe, than in any of our Iflands, 
 except Jamaica, This Branch alone, 
 * bcfidc^ 
 
[41 ] 
 
 befides the Empbyment of fo much Ship* 
 ping, and fo many Seaipen, will produce 
 clear 300,000 per Annum to our Mer- 
 chants. For having fufficient from our 
 own Iflands, to fupply our Home Con- 
 fumption, the whole Sugar Produce of 
 GuadaJoupe will be exported : and will 
 confequently be fo much clear Money 
 to Great Britain, And, Sir, the whole 
 Produce of Canada^ though it were all 
 exported from England^ and exported 
 compleatly manufactured^ would not a- 
 mount to the Value of that fingle Ar- 
 ticle unmanufaBured : not* would it em- 
 ploy the one twentieth Part of the Ship- 
 ping, and the Scapien. But this, though 
 the largeft, is not the only Produce of 
 Guadaloupe j Coffee, which in our Iflands 
 is none, or a very inconfiderable Objecfl, 
 is there a very great one. They raife 
 bcfides, great Quantities of Indigo and 
 Cotton, which fupply Materials for our 
 bed and mod valuable Manufactures, 
 and which employ many more Hands 
 than the Incrcafe of the Hat Trade; 
 propofed by the keeping Canada can do. 
 This Ifland is capable in our Hands, 
 of being improved to double its prefent 
 Value J whereas Canada in our Hands 
 
 would 
 
 ij 
 I 
 
[Ml 
 
 would not pr<*ably >eld half what it 
 did to France. ^^ 
 
 there is, Sir, on? Argument I would 
 ufe particularly JtP you. who are M^on^: 
 W fenfible of the fnconvenience Dunhrk 
 Z to us from its Situation. Surely there 
 I not a fingle Word you fay, in refpeft 
 "oii^Vifthat docs not hold as ftropg- , 
 
 W in regard to Guadakufe, fituated 'n the 
 7erv ftSirt of our Le>v>ard jCands and. 
 there infefting onV. f^^^^f'^'Z' 
 tageous Branches of »1>^ ^f" '''>t f ZV 
 r^rce It is not to be denied but that 
 Sm. Coafter and the iW^,, Trader has 
 
 Sered by the D««.faV-S Privateers ; but 
 their Loffes this War haje not b«n ne^r 
 fo confiderablc as that of the mjl Indm, 
 and above all of the mth ^mencm 
 Traders, whofe Intereft. 1 believe, you 
 will not difpute to be of fome taF.~.- 
 Alk, Sir, the Nortb^ African T/aders, 
 a(k the People of the Leeward t&^nds,- 
 vrhat a vaft Security they thought it. to 
 Aeir Trade, th^t Guadakupe (hould be 
 in our Hands ? Our Ittands were ^ » W" 
 ed from thence, that theyicaroe oonfidered 
 it in any other Light than as a Neft of 
 hivatee^s ; they were furpnfed on going 
 
^ 
 
 [ 43 ] 
 
 thefi, to find a People richer than ih 
 any <)f.our dwrt Iflandsj arid Land fo 
 much bet^ than their own, that njady 
 of our riciv^lanters have already made 
 :}: conditional FlirchafibS thcre^ 
 
 Not to confihe our Views folely to a 
 Conimercial Point, give me leave to men- 
 tion oh€ great Advantage, that in a po- 
 litical light may arife from our Poflcfiion 
 of Guadahupe. It is vety well known 
 that the Hand of Government is heavy on 
 the Proteftants of Friwrir, many of thefc 
 People arc already eftabjiflicd in this 
 Ifland, and they have Connexions of every 
 Kind with thofe of thdir oWn Perftiafion 
 at Home j and may we not hope and ex- 
 pert that this may be an Iridwcettient 
 to m|iny others to make this their Re- 
 treat, and that the Colony may be enrich- 
 ed by them ? * 
 
 In fhort, Sir, in tvhatever Hght you 
 viev^ tbe Ifland cf '^mdahipt, Jrou will 
 
 1 1 fay cmditionaL, beciufc the Capitulation rendered it 
 impoflible for them to make abfolutc Purchafcs ; but they 
 have pofleflTed themfcIveJ of Plantations, by Contract 
 to purchafc them if the Ifland remains toGreat Britain, 
 
 find 
 
 .#■* 
 

 [ 44 1 : 
 
 find it a.moft valuable and a moft defire- 
 "ble Objea. Do you afk to deprive your 
 Enemy of an advantageous Poft. from 
 Se he niight materially moleft your 
 SeinTimeofWar? Do you wi(h to 
 Ltendvour Trade in Time of Peace and 
 to have^T new Market for all your Ma. 
 i°u£res?.FrombemgfcarceaWetp 
 
 Supply the Home Confuniption w.th Su- 
 l^ do you defire to be for^oft at.the 
 fo^i™ Market? This mand S.r, o . 
 gS«/>^ that you efteem folmle, w.U 
 S all thefe Endsj Ends fo mater.al. 
 that I truft. Sir, that the Stone you have 
 ■ rSed, will be nude the Corper Stone 
 in the Temple of Peace'.. 
 
 therefore. Sir. I muft reppt it. that 
 I am not a little (urprized that tou fliould 
 oafs over in .a manner lo carccfs, and 
 ■^ith fuch extreme SuperC- .hty. a Pomt 
 fo very materialand mtereltuig as th ., to 
 •tell us that * " thePoffeffion oiGuaduloui:e, 
 an additional Sugar I/land when we have 
 fo many of our own, ought not to be Jo 
 ftrenuoujly infipd upon a. Jo mak^tta 
 necej]ary Condition of the Peace. Had 
 
 (C 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 • I 
 
 • p. 33- 
 
 you 
 
I I 
 
 you 
 
 [ 45 ] . 
 
 you taken the Pains to inform yourfelf of 
 the Fads neceflary for making a Judg- 
 ment on this Matter^ or had you duly at- 
 tended to them/ you could not poflibly 
 have faid that it was not to be infifted 
 lipon, and in tjie fame^ Breath aflert, that 
 without C^wW^ \ve fhould have a trea- 
 cherous and delufive Peace. ' . , 
 
 You fay a great deal, and with Reafon, 
 upon the Value of our * North American 
 Colonies, and the great Increafe our Trade 
 has had from that Quarter. But you pafs 
 by with very little notice, how much 
 both the Trade of E«|r/^W and the Trade 
 of thefe ^vcry North American Colonies 
 owes to the lllands. - . 
 
 You* look'Uppn thefe Iflands only as 
 
 an inferior dependent Part of the Britijh 
 
 Plantations, whichyou fcarce think worth 
 
 while to mention i but bccaufe I think 
 
 , -yoti are under fome miftakc in this Point, 
 
 ♦ If notwithftanding our having loft feveral Branch- 
 es of Commerce we formerly enjoyed in Europe and 
 to the Levant^ we have Itill more Commerce than 
 
 ' ever a <Treatef Deniand for our Manufadures, and a 
 vaft Increafe of our Slipping, what can this be pwinz 
 to but to the Trade of our own Ammcan Colonies i 
 
 ' Vid. the Letter. ^ , " " 
 
 .— -^ -J I L-. 
 
146 1 
 
 in ajlditiop io iho(p Rjeafpns which h^V^ 
 been given to fhcw the Preference of 
 Quadakuf^ in particular x^€fmd^> ^h^tp 
 arc fome Fa^s, which I bpg le^vc iiofubr 
 mit to yqur Ohftrv^tion, concerwng &/- 
 tlements on the Continent of North ^r- 
 rica and PlantaUons in the Well hdm 
 Iflands. Though ft may be a new Wca, 
 I fhall not hefitate to lay, that ati Ifland 
 Colony, is always more ^uivantageo^s-than 
 a Continental pne, for the Mother ^pwn- 
 try. 
 
 ■^ ■ ' ' 
 
 The Inhabitants pf A^ Weft Jftdf^ 
 
 laands never cpnlidcr theinfelvps a& ^t 
 home there ; they fend their Children tp 
 the Mother Country for Educatiqn j tji^ 
 themfelves make many Trips to the Mo- 
 ther Country to recover .th«ir Heah^ or 
 enjoy their Fortunes s if they have At?- 
 bition, 'tis hither they come to gratife |t. 
 I need not, I fi|ppofc, obferve to yoy, nqyr 
 many Gentlemen of iht Weft Jndiesh^y^ 
 Seats in the Britiflj Houfe of Corpmons. 
 I might 1 believe venture to fay, there 
 are very few who have inherited Planta- 
 tions in any of our Iflands, who have not 
 had an European Education, or at ledl 
 have not fpent fome Time in this King- 
 
 . dom. 
 
 ^-^ 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 / 
 

 [m] 
 
 dai|i Mmy who have PlanUtiws^- 
 c^Y^aod fpend the whoic Profits of th^pi 
 ^CF^, Without ever haying even -feen the 
 Irnties, If the Commerce with the 
 
 tf^M Indian Mands had even been in (bn^e 
 f ^cds againll us, fchiaCii^uxnftgince alane 
 ^duld torn the Ballanbc in o»r ffaypj+f > 
 but this in truth is very &r ftoin1>^i^g 
 the Cafe. The Tra4e we isirry on wi*h 
 diat Part of the WbrJd is €^s h^p^V ^- 
 ciim(ianced as Iniaginadiion coUld fpijm, it. 
 The #^#>/«^'«» I^au:i<is fc in g.plin^a^c 
 diflferent totally from ©br$. The' natural 
 Produce ^therefore interferes in no/refip«3<a 
 \fVd;i:thjAto£ Englajy.. ^hmv PjjodOic^j is 
 only fiich as liieVTaftc and Turii of our 
 Manners call for; but denaaiw} -fo 
 ftrongly, that xf^c had them r*)t from 
 our ovm Cobnics, Wj& nmft paifch^fe 
 from Strangers. The Cpeameri?^ be- 
 tween the Mother Coufttry and ^ Weji 
 Indian M^nd is natural and cafy : i% needs 
 in no refped: to be forced or managed : 
 they are mutually forined for eifich other : 
 nttther is there any fort of fear th^t the 
 Iflands in that part of the WoJl4 fliall ever 
 make this Commerce Icfs cafy or lefs ad- 
 vantageous. The extreme Dearnefs of Pro- 
 fdfion^will never fuffcr them, h<iWf much 
 N foever 
 ^A . , -^ ^==^ 
 
 / 
 
r 
 
 / 
 
 [48 V 
 
 foevcr they may be inclined, td fet uf) any 
 fort of ManufadtuVe which may interfere 
 with our Fabrics. So that thefe Colo- 
 nies, by their very Nature, Situation, and 
 Produa;?, by what they have, and by 
 what they wanfc are kept neceffanly qon- 
 neaed with and dependent upon Eng- 
 land and muft ever be fo, as long ^s 
 we are able to protea them. Let us 
 now examine, Sir, whether the grcateft 
 part of the Plantations which we poflels 
 or defire in North America, can come in 
 competition with the Iflands, cither m 
 the Advantages we derive from them, or 
 in the Certainty of holding thofe Advan- 
 tages for the future. With regard to the 
 Eftates in l<lorth Amer\ca fpent in Eng-- 
 land I may affirm that from. iV^wtf ^cotta 
 to Maryland and Virginia there are abfo- 
 lutely none; yet in this Traa are the 
 four Province* of New England^ the. greats^ 
 Countries of New Tork, jpenjyhama.^nd 
 the two Jerfeys, Places highly flourilhmg 
 in Commerce, and aboundmg with Peo- 
 ple • even to the Southward of this Line 
 there are few Eftates either in Number or 
 Value fpent in England. 
 
 In North America the Climate is not 
 
 in 
 
 f 
 
■^ 
 
 any 
 Fere 
 )lo- 
 and 
 
 by 
 
 ;on- 
 ng- 
 
 !t US 
 
 iteft 
 fiefs 
 le in 
 r in 
 I, or 
 van- 
 >thc 
 Eng- 
 'cotia 
 ibfo- 
 thc 
 great S" 
 , and 
 (hing 
 Peo- 
 Linc 
 )eror 
 
 IS not 
 in 
 
 
 [ 49 ] 
 
 in general unfavourable to an European 
 Conftitution, and it is fuch in which Men 
 fond of Rural Diverfions may pafs their 
 time agreeably. The truth is tho' their 
 Eftates fupply them with plenty to live at 
 home, they do not furnifli Money 
 enough to fend th^m abroad. Excepting 
 Proprietaries, I do nbt remember that this 
 vaft Continent fupplies our Houfe of 
 Commons with one fingle Member. 
 
 fp view the Continent of America in 
 a Qommercial Light, the Produce of all 
 the Northern Colonies is the fame as 
 that of Englandy Corn, and Cattle : and 
 therefore, except for a few Naval Stores, 
 there is very litde Trade from thence di- 
 redtly to England. Their own Commodi- 
 ties bear a very low Price, Goods carried 
 from Europe bear a very high Price; and 
 thus they are of Necelfity driven to fet 
 up Manufa<aures fimilarto thofe of Eng- 
 land^ in which they are favoured by the 
 Plenty and Cheapnefs of Provifions. In 
 faa, there are Manufadtures of many 
 Kinds in thcfe Northern Colonies, that 
 promife in a (hort Time to ifupply their 
 HomeConfumption. Froni Mic? Eng^ 
 land they begin even to export fome 
 
 -D things 
 
i'' 
 
 [ 50 ] 
 
 things manufaaured, as Hats, for in- 
 ftance. In thefe Provinces they have 
 Colleges and Academies for the Educa- 
 tion of their Youth; and as they increafe 
 daily in People and in Induftry, the Ne- 
 ccflity of a Connedion with England^ 
 with ^hich they have no natural Inter- 
 courfe by a Reciprocation of Wants, will 
 cotitinually diminilh. But as they recede 
 from the Sea, all thefe Caufes will operate 
 more ftrongly ; they will have nothing to 
 expea, they muftMive wholly on their 
 own Labour, and in procefs of Time will 
 know little, enquire little, and care little 
 about the Mother Country. 
 
 If, Sir, the People of our Colonies 
 finino Check from Canada, they will ex- 
 terM themfelves, almoft, without bounds 
 into the Inland Parts. They are invited 
 toil by the Pleafantnefs, the Fertility, and 
 the Plenty of that Country ; and they 
 will incfcafe infinitely from all Caufes. 
 What the Confequence will be, to have a 
 numerous, hardy, independent People, 
 poffeffed of a ftrong Country, communi- 
 cating littlc>^ or not at all with England^ 
 I leave to yduf own Refledlions. I hope 
 wc have not gone to thefe immenfe Ex- 
 
 pences. 
 
.-^ 
 
 tsO 
 
 paiccs, v^^lthbut any Idea of fecuting the 
 Fruits of them to Poftcrity. If we have, 
 I am fure we have afted with little Fru- 
 gality or Forefight. This is indeed a 
 Point that mult be the confta^t Objed 
 of the Mlnifter's Attention, but is not a 
 fit Subjea for a Difcuffion. I will there- 
 fore expatiate no farther on this Topic ; I' 
 (halt only obferve, that by eagerly grafp- 
 ing at extenfive Territory, we may run 
 therifque, and that perhaps in no very 
 dlftant Period, of lofmg what we now pof- 
 fefs. The Poffeflion of Canada, far from 
 being neceffary to our Safety, may in its 
 Confequence be even dangerous. A - 
 Neighbour that keeps u§*^n fome Awe, is ^ 
 tidt always the Worft of Neighbours. So ' 
 that f^r from facrificing Guaduloupe to 
 Canada, perhaps if we might havfc 
 Canada without any Sacrifice^ at all, we 
 ought not to defire it. And, befides the . 
 Points to be confidered between us and 
 France, there are other Powers who will 
 pcobably think themfclves interefted in 
 the Dccifion of this Affair. There is a Bal- 
 ance of Power in Amricfi^^ wi?ll as m 
 Europe^ which will not be forgotten $ and 
 thii h a Faint 1 JhouM bavc expected 
 
 J) 2 *WOUtd 
 
 L 
 
 ■,.-Kv 
 
I ) 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ ')'*' 
 
V 
 
 
 iff'-i^^ltr'' 
 
 [ J2 ] 
 
 wotiU fomcivhat have engaged your atteri' 
 tion\ 
 
 With regard to Senegal and Goree, I 
 concur with you in not making them the 
 principal Objed: of our Negotiations at- 
 the Congrefs * for a Peace j but it is upon 
 Principles very different from yours. You 
 defpife the African Trade, and confid- 
 ently enough, becaufe you feem to lay 
 le weight on that of xht Wefl Indies y 
 js fupported by it ; but the Re- 
 the Price of Slaves, the whole 
 Trade; of Guhr^thrown into our Hands, 
 and the Incrcafe of thdfe, of Gold ^nd 
 Ivory, would make even thofe Places a 
 far better Purchafejhan C^w^, as might 
 I think be fhevwj/without mdch difficul- 
 . ty. But I do'not infift u|^n it, becaufe 
 1 think we ^ght tp be^as moderate in 
 the Terms j©f Peace, as is confident with 
 a reafonaBle Indemnification, and becaufe 
 
 * P. 33. Senegal and Goree, though of real Im- 
 portance in the Slave and Gum Trades, our own 
 Jfrican Settlements have hitherto fupplicd us with 
 Slaves fufficient for our Jmerican Purpofes ; aifd the 
 Gum Trade is not perhaps of ConfeqHcnce enough 
 to make us-ainends for the annual Mortality which 
 we already lament of our brave Countrymen to guard 
 our Jfrican Conqucfts. 
 
 too 
 
 ' .ii 
 
I 53 1 
 too I know in the Nature of- Things, ~ 
 that it is. impoffible to retain all.. In one 
 word, I will not venture Sir to lay, 
 nve have a treacherous and delufi-ve Peace 
 unlefv^e Peace is made m C°nform<ty 
 to n^eas ; for there may be Reafons 
 that neither you, or I, S.r can poffibly 
 be acquainted with,, which may make 
 this not proper to be ■"fift^'l upon ; but 
 I will take upon me, S.r. to fay, that if 
 bv this War we gain Guadaloupe, we gam 
 as great an Acquifition as ever th>s Na- 
 tion gained by any Treaty or any Wa. 
 and if it is poffible to retain this, we need 
 not alk for more. 
 
 At a Confrefs, Sir, in the Face of that 
 Auguft Affembly, formed by the Repre- 
 ftnfal^ves of the Chriftian World, we 
 (hall there exhibit ourfelves w our 
 S Charaaer. and <hew all the Powe,. 
 of Europe what th^ are to exped from 
 us, and how far they o.^ht to w. ft the 
 Continuance and Jncreate of our Great- 
 nefs Therefore any (hew ,of arrogant 
 rup;riority,anyunmeafurabkaa.m.^ny 
 
 avaricious Grafping, though they may 
 feem immediately to fall upon France 
 are in effedt Menaces to every^o.het 
 
 
J 
 
 [ 54 1 
 
 Power. But if Modccatian is ncceffar.y 
 there, when the War is ended, aqd wheu 
 we ad as a Nation, how much npore ne- 
 cefTary is it to private Men, whilft the 
 War flill continues with that Uncertainty, 
 which muft always attend the moft prof- 
 perous Fortune. You cannot forget in 
 this very Year, what an Afpedt our Af- 
 fairs in Germany wore, before the glorious 
 Battle of Minden \ and you cannot be ig- 
 tiorant^iow much this muft have affcd£4 
 in a Negotiation for Peace. Things are 
 not yet decided there ; they look indeed 
 favourable, but not favourable enough, 
 citlier with regard to his Majefty's Army, 
 and flill lefs with regard to the King of 
 Prujia, to entitle you to prefcribe Terms 
 in the Stile of 2i Roman Didlator, even 
 if any Fortune could entitle you to do it. 
 Let us, Sir, ufe a litde Moderation in our 
 happy Hour, that we may at all Events 
 preferve an Uniformity of Conducft, and 
 not adl meanly, if, contrary to'ourWiihes, 
 any reyerfc of Fortune (hould oblige us to 
 be moderate. I (hould indeed t.hink it 
 the more necelTary iq you to have b^cn 
 fo, as you have not, in ray humble 
 Opinion, chofen your Objc(5ts very pro- 
 perly. France, Sir, tbowgh beaten in all 
 
 Quarters 
 
 =T" 
 
[ JS J 
 
 r Quarters of the World, worfted bo^ by 
 sTa and Land ; though the CreJ of h^t 
 Arms and her Finances are '^pa red fte 
 is not vet totally ruined : nor, ar4 con- 
 ceive brought fo low as (he was m the 
 Wl of&^««'- Yet.^r,youw.ll 
 he oleafed" to remember, that by the 
 SughtyDemeanor, the unreafonabW 
 Expiations, the arrogant, I may f^. 
 ridiculous Demands of the AlUts fte 
 W Hour for making Peace on /the 
 ^ ^advantageous Conceffio«s was / uf- 
 
 pitd to efcape ; until ^f^^^^J^^^ 
 r^aife its Head in England, 'he Pfu^e 
 of Affairs to change Abroad and the 
 Fortune of the War to vary ^^J^t^H 
 Particulars, that, the R^f^'^^J T^,°"J 
 
 «ealiviyPiaureofth.sCondaand 
 its Confequciices. 
 
 I have Sir, attentively, and I hope it 
 
 .i t^;uowed i^.r»y-— ttr- 
 
 in your Performance. I ^ 
 
 U 4 * 
 
 tk 
 
I refpea the Zeal which you fhew^for 
 
 the Intereft of your Country : but I think 
 
 tha^^eal has tranfportcd you much too 
 
 far li your Reflecitions on the Condua: 
 
 ^and Capacities of our Nobility. If the 
 
 . Eafinefs of their Fortunes hurries many of 
 
 them into a Life of Diffipation and Plea- 
 
 fure, that has always been the Cafe, be- 
 
 caufe it is the natural Coofequence of 
 
 Youth and Affluence. This, if we may 
 
 truft our Writers, was the Grievance of 
 
 other Ages and other Countries as well 
 
 as ours. 
 
 This War is principally, ^^'ith regard 
 to us at leaft, it is, ajj ^Imerican War. 
 When I it)nrjder this, I owi> my Eyes 
 arc involuntarily I^d, as I believe thofe of 
 mofl Pcrfons are, to the few who from 
 their Inclinations, their Studies, their Op- 
 portunities, and their Talents, are made 
 perfectly Makers of ^ the State and In- 
 terefls ol our Colonies,. There cannot be 
 . many, therefore we'crfnnot eafily be mif- 
 taken. Nor can wt, when we' caft our 
 Eye on the noble Perfon to whom we 
 owe the judicious Settlement of that 
 frontier Colony, whofe Capital gratefully 
 bears the Title of its founder,, by an^ 
 
 Means 
 
 » 
 
Means defpalr of an able Plenipotentiary 
 at aCongrefs, where for the firft Time, 
 our own ^national Interefi will be the 
 principal Objed of Negotiation. * : 
 
 I admire, Sir, with you, the noble 
 Straggle which that great Prince our Ally 
 in this War, has made again ft fuch a 
 Combination of great Powers as meant to 
 dcftroy him. I .could wifh for his Vir- 
 tues, and pixifefsl almoft expeft from his 
 Abilities, that he will ftill 'extricate him- 
 felf from all the Toils thatfurround him. 
 
 [. ■ ' • ':■ 
 ., ! .'■"■■ 
 
 It muft, however, be rertiemb'ered, that 
 
 it is not to his Conne<flion \Vith us, that' 
 he owes his Diftrefs. He has not, like ' 
 the unhappy Prince of 'Hrjfe\ loft h^s ., 
 Country twice, by adhering V fifmly to " 
 Great Britain^ in, a Quarrel ijitirely 
 Britijb. We found him befct with, Ene- 
 mies, our Interefts coincided, we m;id(^ 
 dn Alliance, and I am 'fure he has already 
 found in Great, Britain a moft ufeful 
 Alfy, and I believe he always will find ia 
 . her an Ally faithful to her Engagements. •> 
 But, Sir, there is a^ bound tb^very thine;, 
 . r^ Let us in your own IVords kar,nfofthe 
 
 t P. 42. 
 
 Jutur£ 
 
 
 h 
 
 / 
 
/ 
 
 ■ / 
 
 / f 
 
 future to pf-efer ourowh Inter eft to that of - 
 others-, to proportion our Expences on the 
 Continent to the immediate Expences of our 
 own Country, and never to ajtft a New^ Ally 
 ^without remembering how much we did for 
 our Old one, and what return we have had. 
 We fee plainly, Sir, by the Condoid of 
 Great Britain at this Hour, that the Mi- 
 niftry i« not inclined to let this Prince fall 
 for want of a due Affiftance ; but furc 
 while we aflift him fo materially in Eu- 
 rope^ we are not bound to facrificc our 
 Interefts in other Parts of the World. It 
 may be a popular Dodrine, but I hope, it 
 is not a Doarinc that will be received, 
 
 + Enthufiafm, Sir, is a noble Princi- 
 pie of Adion, but good Senfe and Know- 
 ledge only muft dired .the fole Bufi- 
 nefs of a Negotiation. The Proteflant 
 
 1 P. 40, 41. I would inculcate a DoSirine which 
 I think will not be unpopular, and which therefore, I 
 hope, will hot be oppofed by our M.nifters, that 
 whatever Conqueji we have made, and whatever Con- 
 queft we may ftill make upon the French, except 
 North Jmerica, which mu0 he kept all our own, 
 ftould be looked upon as given back to France for a 
 Valuable Confideration, if it cMtt he the Means of 
 extricating the King of Prujfta from any unforefeen 
 ^ Piftrcfles. J 
 
 Caufc 
 
 y? 
 
our 
 It 
 
 [ 59 ] 
 
 Oiufe maintained itfelf before the King 
 QiPrfiffia was confidered as its Protcdtor; 
 and I truft it will flill be able to fupport 
 kfelf independent of him; it will indeed 
 always find a furer Support in the jarring 
 Intereft of the feveral Powers of Europe^ 
 whkh will certainly never ceafe, than in 
 the Faith of any Prince, which will be 
 fUways fubjedl to change. 
 
 The Circumftances of that famous *^ 
 Pppofition in our Parliament to which 
 you allude, are indec4 but little known. 
 It is, however, a Period about which, 
 no man is uninquifitive. YourDefcription 
 of the Medley which cpmpofed that Op- 
 pofition, is fpirited, lively, and I doubt 
 not, juft : If you were yourfelf engaged 
 in that Struggle, 'when you had driven the 
 common Enemy to the Wall, whether you 
 found it convenient at that Time to quit 
 your Friends, or whether you thought 
 yourfelf deferted by them. Time enough 
 is now clapfed to have forgotten political 
 Fricndihips, an(j perhaps too, to " have 
 
 worn 
 
 * P. 41. P. 35. vide Note. The true Hiftory of 
 this Tranfadion here alluded to, may poflibly fome 
 time or other appear;, though, as yet, we are per- 
 suaded that the World Iqiows very little of it. 
 
«» 
 
 J 
 
 ■ \ 
 
 n^^ 
 
 \ [60] 
 
 worn oift Party Refentments ^ and in an 
 Age (o fond of Anecdotes, and fo curious 
 in Charaders,^ affuredly nothing Will be 
 more acceptable than a true Hiftory of 
 that whole Tranfaction. 
 
 , *. 
 It was indeed no lindefirable Time to 
 iiave lived, when a F/e\d was opened for 
 every Man to difplay his Abilities, and ex- 
 ert his Talents; if we give the Reins to 
 our Ambition, we fhbuld. Sir, regptt- 
 that where /6> many Jhillful Ghampions ufed 
 formerly to engage and firugglefor Vi5fory,. 
 one Manjhuld at this Day remain fmgle m 
 the Field of Battle, But alas, Sir, how- 
 ever mortifying this nfl^ be to us as Men, 
 furely as citizens we muft rejoice that the 
 great Man, to whofe aftive Spirit we in 
 a great meafurc owe all our Glojy, ouri 
 Succefs, I had almoft faid our very Safety, 
 can employ his whole time sf'gainft the 
 Enemies of his'Country, without giving 
 a Moment's Care to provide for his o\yn 
 Safety. If we confiderit, in this Light, Sir, 
 fure it muft be amoft pleafing Contempla- 
 tion to think, that * *' theExtindion of fac- 
 '* tious Oppofition, the Unanimity of 
 
 ' ", every 
 
 4. 
 
 P. 2. 
 
^ 
 
 [6i ] 
 
 % 
 
 (t 
 
 « 
 
 cc 
 
 every Party, and the Acqulefcence of 
 every Connexion, in whatever Scheme 
 is propofed by his Majefty's Servants." 
 fufFer the Speaker without the leafl De^ 
 bate or Qppojition to take the Chair ^ only 
 to vote Millions, and levy *Thoufands ; 
 * but thefe Millions are voted, and thefe 
 Thoufands are levied, for the Deflru(ftion 
 of tlie Enemies of our Country. , 
 
 Have a little Patience hov^ever; vft fhall 
 foon, I truft, Sir, have beat all our Ene- 
 mies, and then we (hall perhaps again— *- 
 have leifure to q^uarrel among ourfelves; 
 we may then fee more than one Champi- 
 on in the Fieldj. we may then lift under 
 that Banner, which our Interefl or our 
 Paffions may direct us to. 
 
 In the mean time, let us thank Pro- 
 vidence for the prefent happy Situation of 
 our Affairs. EveryMan fhould, as far as he 
 can, endeavour to continue that Acquief- 
 cence, tocherifli that Concord and Uni- 
 on, which is indeed fo advantageous to 
 our Country j and every Mead of a Party 
 mufl in this have a Oiarc in our Acknow- 
 ledgments for their Aequicfcencc. 
 
 But 
 * Vitl. tlje Letter. 
 
[62 J 
 
 Btit the two great Perfons you addrcfs, 
 at prefent engrofs the public Attention* 
 The noble Lord has great Merit both to 
 his Country and his Prince j his early 
 Zeal cannot be forgotten. His extenfive 
 Influence, his perfonal Authority, exerted 
 as they have been, and as I truft they al- 
 ways will be, for the Good of his Coun^ 
 try, will a^^'^ays challenge the good Opi- 
 nion of his Countrymen. Nor will out 
 Count! V forget to do jufl:ice to the adive 
 Spirit of that great Man, to whofe un-^ 
 wearied F^fForts Great Britain is fo much 
 indebted for her prelent Glory ; to whom 
 you and I, Sir, owe it, that in a War with 
 fuch a Power as France we now debate 
 whether our Country fhould ufe Mode- 
 ration. I mean not, Sir, to make any 
 Comparifon, for it is not now a Time to 
 draw the nice Line between the Merits 
 of great Men, or to afcertain exadlly 
 where the Merit of the one ends, and 
 the other begins. Comparifons are always 
 invidious, and might at this Time be 
 hurtful, and tend to weaken the Bonds 
 that unite fo many in the Service of their 
 Country. 
 
 It 
 
[ 63 ] 
 
 intion* 
 •oth to 
 ; early 
 tenfive 
 ixertcd 
 ley al- 
 Coun* 
 dOpi- 
 ill out 
 
 adive 
 fe un-i 
 
 much 
 whom 
 ir with 
 debate 
 Mode- 
 ie any 
 'ime to 
 Merits 
 sxadlly 
 is, and 
 always 
 me be 
 
 Bonds 
 f their 
 
 It 
 
 It was no Spirit of Contradidion, Sir, 
 that made me take the pains of anfwering 
 your Letter ; therefore as I canvafs with 
 Freedom thofe Points which appear to me 
 to be miftaken, fo with great Pleafure I 
 join Hands where I think what you fay 
 is juft and reafonable. I agree with you 
 intirely in your Judgment of a Place 
 Bill, which would, I believe, be more 
 efFedtual, if not made too violent in its 
 ffrft Operation like an 0/ivenan felf- 
 denying Ordinance. Your Judgment on 
 Mediators is furely juft and lenfible ; and 
 we may believe the Miniftry think fo, 
 who have not employed any Mediation, 
 though they have offered Terms to their 
 Enemy. 
 
 I might now afk yours and the public 
 Indulgence for any Miftakcs. I have not 
 willingly perverted or mi (re prefen ted any 
 thing. I do not pretend to the Credit of 
 a Writer, but I have endeavoured to un- 
 derftand the Queftion I write upon, as I 
 think every Man is bound to do who 
 troubles the Public with his Opinions, If 
 I am miftaken in what I advance, it does 
 not much fignify who the Author of 
 
 wrsng 
 
[64] 
 
 wrong Notions may be. If my Opinions 
 arc well grounded, and my Remarks juft, 
 my Country may receive fome Benefit 
 from them j and if fhe receives a Benefit, 
 it is of little Conccrh what Hand admi- 
 nifters it. 
 
 I am, SIR, 
 
 Yours, &c. &c. 
 
 m I 
 
 K 
 
 F, I 
 
 N I S. 
 
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 ^ 
 
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 1 
 
■ 
 
 ^ 
 
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