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mw 
 
 ri...i.. 
 
 K 
 

 ) 
 
 /•/,..(.. i„t\ 
 
 l.Vti'W'- Hdiianlg. 
 
 I III II MMiiii i; V r I —y iM \i i.T. 
 
 Naval Bases of thf Empire: 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 i;S(.)ll.\IAII/l' AMI HALIFAX. 
 r>v ('. hi; 'riiiKniiv 
 
 1 
 
 ,^>(,>ll.MAri;r. tlic k.>y nl' ilic Nnitli 
 
 irrciii Xii\iil I'liiscs of tlic Kiiijiirc. 
 Si-iiiir tliat it is tlic cfcutiDii nl' tin' piist 
 tW'iity vcarv. it li:is im liislniy. iiikI liriiisli 
 ('••luiiiliia. iif wliiiii il is tiic siiiliiiil. is 
 a iH-w coiuitiv iici|iiin'(l liy iiciicil'ii! ilc- 
 v<-l"l'inciit. Sii rciiKitc was it Irdiii ilic 
 «<.rl<l. iiidccil. iliat, until tlif last (|iiart('r 
 "f tin- iiiiii'tcL'iitii century, many iitujilc 
 U-licvinl it t(i Ik,' ]iiirt of tin' riiitcd 
 .•^taK-s. and n's]i(Pii>,iiil(' |i(liticiaiis and 
 .i"iiri;alists iifjrcd it to iK'tMinu^ so as sjicidily 
 as i«»s(siM<'. Fdrtnnatciy for tlic Hritisji 
 Kinpirc. tlic Domiiiioirs \ic\vs were wider 
 and her vision dearer. Otiierwisc the divani 
 of tlic Hci'iililic since its inceiition wmild 
 liavc lufii realised, and Canada included in 
 the rnion. Kveii so late as |S(;;i. her 
 minister, at a imlilic lian(|Uet in FiiirlMnd. 
 referre<l to it as a certainty, and, in a Coin- 
 niiti<-e FJcjiort of the Senate in (lie same year, 
 it «a.s Ptatcd as an aiirninent in favmir nf 
 •■iil<sidisin<_' the rnion I'acitic, that its coii- 
 stnu-tion would "sea! tlic destiny of the 
 British p»ssessioiis." Two years before, 
 Alaska was ceded to ihc I'nited States on 
 the (XpR-ss iinderstaiidinir that she was " to 
 cl<»M.' up her coast to ."> I |o' ." or, in other 
 
 Words, to >hiit Hii'.'land out from the North 
 I'acitic. I'.ut the jreiiiiis of Sir .lolm 
 .Macdonald |>nive<| nmre than a match for 
 lie- diplomacy of .Si. 1'eterslmr.r and \\'asii- 
 iic'ton. With the Confederation of iJritish 
 -Noiih Aiiicricji. and tlie creation of the iron 
 road, which is its materia! exjiression, the 
 |ilan to drive Knirland from the Western 
 llcmisjiheie c-.iiiie to nothini:. On the 
 oilier hand, she had i-iioi-moiisly streiMjthened 
 her position in the M'caii of tlic future. 
 
 For K.«|iiiniaiilt is the fortified Lrateway of 
 the only teiritory linwetn Cape Horn and 
 liehrini.' S<a over which floats the Union 
 Jack. That is to .siy. the I'.ritish Empiie 
 has no fot.ihold on tln' Western shores of 
 .\mericii from I'ole to I'olc except in liriiish 
 Cojiimlria. FJetweeii it and lliiiii.' Kon^'. to 
 the Westward, rolls ."i.'.t.'i; i.iiles of ocean ; 
 lietween it and Fiji, to the southward, ."(.Kin 
 miles. Its chief jKjrt. Victoria, has tho 
 advantaire of every other on the I'acific 
 coast, as .*Nin Fr.incis<'o lon<_'' a^o disco\ercd 
 to its cost. In the first jilace. it is connected 
 with Canada and Huro]n' liy a transcoii- 
 tiiieiital railway under one head, whereas its 
 .Vmeiican riv:ils are handicapped by trans- 
 continental railways under a complex system 
 of control. In the second place. liritish 
 
 Tlu I'TfC'ih'Ki iiitrcli's in litis .simi.s iIkiII ics/kc /in /// ii'ilh liihniUnr, Malta. Himihiiii iiuil Tniuvmuhv, 
 .Vi'iju/n'ic and Iloitij h'diKj, Htjihifij iiiiil Aiiikldiul. hliisinnij rjr/ic/cs mil In- iti-vvtcil to Caitftown atiil 
 
 Iht Wist Indies, 
 
 593 
 
 L '4 lb Jo 
 
 llL 
 
Wi 
 
 Till-: WIMiSOi; MMIA/.IMv 
 
 ('oliiinliiii ]i(iss»ssi's iiicxliniisiililc slims of 
 
 llic olllv scrvircalilc ('(imI Ui'SI of llic linrkii'S. 
 
 Ill iIk' iliinl jiliicr. llic Kiiiii Siwd. ii cnri'dii 
 \\lii<-|i scis on! IVoiii .l:i{>iiii arinss llic Norili 
 riicilic. j.'ivcs sliips siiiliiii: I'lnin ilic I'm' Must 
 t(i VicKiriii nil inl'.aiilM'jc nl I'dri v-i'i'_'lil 
 lidurs ii\cr slii|i> siiiliii'j 1(1 San T'laiiciscd. 
 Kill- ilicsc anil ullicr icasmis. llic rnrincr is 
 (Icslilicil Ki Jihiy ji LTcal |iall in llic dcvc- 
 |(i|iiiiciii iif iiailc uiili llic (•lii'iil l\v way lA 
 llic I'acilic. |!y iiicans nl' il.Caiiaila is alilc 
 t(i Imlil mil line liainl in Aii>i lala-ia. ainl llic 
 nllicr til l-)iii_'lanil. Ii i^ iliiis mic nf llic 
 iiKisl viiiil links in mir liiijicrial wnrM- 
 t'liain. 
 
 {•!si|iiiiiiaiili. uliicli ijiiaril- ii. i^ >iiiialcil ai 
 tlic iniwl Miiillicrly |iari nl' N'aiiciin ci- Islainl. 
 
 1 III % 
 
 Mini just wiiliiii tlic Strait nf Sin .Iiiaii ilc 
 l-'rica. wliicli is Aincricaii mi one siilc. Caiia- 
 iliaii nil tlic ntlicr. it is iliiticil with licaiiti- 
 fiil islamls. Wdiiilcil to the water's eil'.'c as 
 lire its liiilil anil lucky slmrcs. In the 
 distance i isc ii|i tlie sii(i\v-(M|i|iei| (llviniiiaii 
 Jlmintains. Tlie liarlimir nf Ksiiiiiniaiili is 
 wnrtliy nf such a line Mitiiii:. Ii i^ laml- 
 Inekcil. mlily |irn|inrt iiincil. ami sn sale lliat 
 it can he cnicrnl at any limir nf ||ii> ilav m- 
 
 lliulil. OuillLMn the ieliacimis lillle day nf 
 
 its Imiinin, >hi|is tiinl excellent aiichnraec. 
 while its averaov i|i']ii'i nf fmty-livc feet 
 llnats the le\iaihans of ihc liritish Naw. 
 riilike any mher forti'css-st^itinii mi the 
 irreal traile muies nf ihe umlil. i>i|iiiniaiili 
 is litlh; iiiDic jhaii a \ illiiije. wliicli is il 
 
 111 its roi'cnt niiirin lliuii In its |iiisitinn in 
 nlaiioii In Vicinria. tlic capital nf liritish 
 riiliiinliia. ffniii wliicii it is (lislaiitdiily three 
 miles. ill lime, tin ilmihi, they will he 
 iiicnr|inraleil. I'.ctwccti tlictii and Vaii- 
 iniivcf City, nil the iiiuiiiliiiid. is the Siiaii 
 nf (Icdfi.'iii. at this point Kcvfiity-six miles 
 w idc. 
 
 The destinies nf these thfi Illpi^ls (if 
 
 the hniiiiiiinn arc inseparalily linkcil. '\\\i, 
 nf lllclii arc the creatiiili nf the irnn inad 
 lliiii;r iicfiiss the Nnrili Aiiicricaii Cciitiin in 
 liy Canada, and the third can trace miicli nf 
 ii< |ii'nspci'ity In the same smircc. Befniv 
 l>;:'»ii. iiiitisli Cnhiniliia was cnl ell' fmin the 
 roi nf llic \Miilil liy the imjiassalile liaiiir 
 III ihe l.'niky .Mniintaiiis and the vast wildei- 
 
 ncss heymal |{y 
 sea il was distant 
 f r 11 III (jt II c he c 
 
 I I'l . •! n II miles. 
 tra\'cr.-ed mily hy 
 Siiiliiiu' -ships ; hy 
 land, :!,iMiii miles. 
 ti'iiNt'fscd fill' the 
 ijrcatcr part mily 
 liy ilie Indian and 
 the tra]i| er. When 
 the lasi spike nf 
 the ('a n a d i a ii 
 i'acific li'ailway 
 was dri\cii inin the 
 Llfnlind. instead nf 
 lieiii;r the iiKist 
 
 rellinle. it Was (llic 
 
 II f V. n i;-la lid 's 
 iicari rCnlniiics. In 
 I r II I h t h e d i s • 
 en\ery nf <.'nld ill 
 the valley nf the 
 
 l'"iaser. and i|iiiek 
 cnmmnnical inn. 
 were the inakiii'j- nf liritish Cnli'inhia. Ii- 
 dcvclnpnieiit was ]ihciiiinicnal. Aiiliin llic 
 short space nf (wciiiy-tive ywirs it was a I'nr 
 Cmintrv. a C|',,wii Cnlniiy. n scll'-ynverniiiL; 
 Cnlmiy! and a I'rnvincc nf ilie Itominion. In 
 iNli'. \'i'inria was fminded as a tfadiiiir-pnsi. 
 In IN.^T. Vaiicniivcr had im cxisleiiec. 
 I'lsipiiniaiili. until lately, was little ninrelhaii 
 a safe alii-liofaec I'nr the ships nf war ilia! 
 pairnlled th' .Nnrlh i'acitic. 'I'n-ihiv. iln 
 lirst isa lhri\ i;i'.;- jinrl with lM.H'i''^ inhahiiaiii.v 
 
 The M'Cnlid is nllly scenlld II) the lilst. with a 
 
 pnpnlaiimi nf l'M'iis. The third is as vital 
 1(1 liritish pnwer in the I'acilic as I'ml Ariliiir 
 was In IJiissia licfiifc tile war. 
 
 ilsipiiniaiilt is cniinectcd hy rail with tin 
 
 |.V,r,7/. /■;././,,./. 
 
 S I III II VI ki.lliil Ml. 
 
 lie less (•(ial-n;ines n 
 
 f N 
 
 inainin. 
 
 It lia.s a line di,' 
 
I III % 
 
 iKISllKlll III 
 
 II U( Itl'itisll 
 lit (UllV llllIT 
 
 llCV will ]ir 
 
 anil \';iii- 
 
 is lllr Slliiil 
 
 ity->i\ mill's 
 
 li||l|li >IS (if 
 
 iikcil, T»ii 
 II' iron rii:iil 
 
 III Ci lllilK III 
 IH'C llllli'll 111' 
 
 fee. IJi'l'iiri' 
 
 I IT I'i'Klll till' 
 
 ■^iiliii' Imirii'i' 
 • viisi wilili'i- 
 
 K'VlPllll. \'t\ 
 
 was ilislaiit 
 
 I () II (' ll (' !■ 
 
 INI III i 1 I'S . 
 
 sell (Hily liv 
 :-slii|is ; liy 
 :l.iiiio miles, 
 
 St'll I'lil' lill' 
 
 r |iiii( Hilly 
 ' liiiliaii Mini 
 i]i|i'r. Wlii'ii 
 
 ISI spikr iif 
 
 (' II II M ll i II II 
 
 ir li'lliluiiy 
 
 ivi'ii iiiiii ilic 
 
 I. illSli'Mll III' 
 
 I III' must 
 ', ii was dill' 
 ill j; I II II (Ts 
 Cnliiiiics, III 
 1 ( ll I' ll i s- 
 
 iif irnlil ill 
 
 li'y III' till' 
 , ami ijiiiik 
 iiiiii'iil i'lii. 
 i'liiliia. ll'- 
 
 \Villlill lllr 
 
 I was a I'lir 
 
 H'-^oVC'lllili'J 
 
 iiiiiiiiin. Ill 
 ra(linir-l"'si. 
 
 ) ('\istl'lirr. 
 
 !i' imii'i' than 
 of war lliiii 
 I'li-ilay. ill' 
 iiilialiilaiilv 
 tiist. willi 11 
 I is as vital 
 I'liii Anliiir 
 
 ail willi till 
 a tiiK' 'li^- 
 
 iliirk. wliii'li ailiiiil^ lill' larizi'Si ships allnal. 
 a iiiiMil liiisjiiial. an arsenal, siui'es, ami a 
 ii'liaiiiiiL'-sliiiii. ll is slriiiii:ly t'lTtilieil. anil 
 iraiiisiiiieil iiy ('aiiailiaii Iniiips. 'I'lie nisi 
 III' iiiainliiliiii',:' il lias heeii linriie hy the 
 |)ii||i;lliii|| liiiViTlilllilll silire last year. 
 
 \'ie|iiri,i is the lioliie ]i ilt nf tliesealilljr 
 Heel, ami its shiires an liiieil with the 
 wliar\ IS 111' L;reii slii|i]iiiiir emiijiaiiies, wliieli, 
 
 il nillSt lie relllelllliel'eil, ll'aile unlv ill tile 
 
 I'aeilie ( »r these lliemusi i jiij ii ii |:inl is the 
 Caiiailiaii I'lieilie .\a\ iiratimi < 'iiiii|iaiiy, 
 wliiise line steaineis h,-|\e ilniie sii liilli'll 
 111 ile\i|ii|i ill'' |)iiiiiiiiiiin"s felaliiiiis with 
 the |-"ar Mast. In war time iheyian iic 
 llirileil ililn iTIlisel'S fnr llle ilril i>li .\'a\y. 
 
 There is als niiiiiiiiieaunii with Australia. 
 
 Iillt sii far it has lieeii lialllpered hy eifclim- 
 slaiiee. Now that I he success i if tile I'aeilie 
 Cahle is assiiicil. Imwi'Vef, ami the imiierial 
 
 /'/|..'|l /<!/! 
 
 I Vakiitint', Ihmiii'f. 
 
 J.NJIIllOll Ol- IIIK (ir.MH.I., IIA1.1I-.V.\. 
 
r.'.M) 
 
 rill-: WIMiSOR M.\(I.\/.I.\H. 
 
 ("oiilVrciicc 1ms iiLrrcrd \« iii.ividc ;i fiisi sci'- 
 vicc lii'iwccii i'iiii;iiiiiil iiiiJ Aiislnili:! Iiy w;iv 
 iif Caiiiiilii. i,'rc;il. tliiii'.'s iimy lir cviiccKmI (Hi 
 litis nmtc lii'lcirc loiii:. Mciwi'iii Viiiiiiiiivcr 
 iiiiil Viclciriii tlnTo is a diiily sci'vicc uf tVrry 
 iioats. ami iiclui'un tliciii and Ahiska. Cali- 
 I'uriiia, till' Krascr l!!.cr. and rii;:t'i Sound 
 |i((i'ts. ciiiinniniifiiioii is l'rn|iiciil and rru'nlaf. 
 Mill, unlike anyiiliicr nl' tin' i'liniiiiv's i;rcat 
 coinini'i'rial nihr/n'its. X'iclnria is mil (•dsnin- 
 |i(ilitan. jicrliajis liccansr it is (inly in its 
 int'aiicy. 
 
 Till' fuiurc 111' tliis trio ol' I'itics is assured, 
 lliliiiid lliem is a jiriivinee widi nnliild 
 wealili in iTold. enal. iron, and miIht minerals : 
 ti<lieries, liinlier, and furs. l'aein'_^ it aci'nss 
 ilie (leeiu is llie Orient: nnftli 111' it. llie 
 
 I'.riiisli Ciiluinliia, and even now as diPinostic 
 servants, laiimlryinen, and laelory hands ili^y 
 eai'iy all lielnre lliein. 
 
 If the western sentinel 111' the t'aiiadiaii 
 I'acilid liailway is the newest of the Kinpiie's 
 stroll;; jilaees. Halifax, its eastern sentinel, i.s 
 one of the oldest, it. is the eapital of Nova 
 Seiitia, which was disenvered hy C'uhot in 
 I I'.tT. and for a hnndred years was one of 
 the liatlle-'.'rounds of Iviirland and I'Vanee in 
 their sirii'i;j:le for North Aiueriea. Halifax 
 itself was not founded uiilil 17 111, eleven 
 vears liefore the final exjinlsion of the French 
 from the mainland of the continent. Its 
 early inhaliilaiiis were |iickid men, mosily 
 soldiers and sailors with their families, who 
 were seni oiii from the .Mother ("oiintry under 
 
 Colonial 
 
 distiii'ini- 
 
 |ierial 
 
 ^'ukon I'lliloradii. ll stands midway hetween 
 i';nv:land and .Vustralia. Its climate is 
 healihy. and owiiii,' to the mild intlnenc(! of 
 the Kuril Siwo, the Oulf Stream of the 
 I'acilie, it is pleisant to live in. .Vs a 
 summer resort the Isl ind of A'aneoiiver is 
 uiisur|iasseil. The forests are full of ;_Mtne, 
 the waters teem with tisli. the .wenery is 
 ma'^nilieeni, the roads in the iieiirhbonrhood 
 of Ks(|uimault are excellent either for di'i\ ini: 
 or cyelinir. and lieaiitiful with Inxiirianti 
 heilires and i^ardens. Victoria is unii|Ue. 
 inasmuch as it stands out from wooded hills, 
 siiow-ca|i]ied inountains. and i,ditteriuL;' arms 
 of the sea. Like all cities on the Pacific 
 littoral, it has a Cliini.'se quarter, and is 
 lieLrinnin<; to he ner'.oiis of a Japanese 
 invasion. I''or years the laliour of these 
 ilbi(jnitons (Jrieiit^ls wits ii necessity' iu 
 
 I.ird rornwallis. They were afterwards 
 joined hy liodii's of .Vmei'ican fiOyalists, the 
 first Imiierialists of the liritisli Kinjiire as 
 We know it now. The settlemeiif was called 
 Halifax in honour of the Karl of Halifax, at 
 that time President of the Pxiard of Trade 
 and Plantations. In the cainpaiuu whicli 
 eiideil iu the death of Wolfe and capture of 
 (^)ueliec. Ihe American IJevolutinn, and thi^ 
 war of I SI -2-1 f, it was the principal base of 
 operations for the liritisli fleet. 
 
 Intil the latter end of the ei^diteenth 
 century, Halifax was the seat of (iovernmeiit 
 or all the .Maritime Provinces. Its Parliament 
 House, a massive pile of <_'ranite. has therefore 
 one of the finest collections of jmrtraits in 
 the Dominion. No oilier city in the Hmpii'e 
 outside l'ui,dand is rieli in memories of so 
 mun^' lUstiiiyuislied Englishmen, no other 
 
 I 
 
AMI. I A /.'.ISA'S' or Tin: FJU'iin:. 
 
 ( '(ijnniiij Siiilc liiis jrivcii X) iiiiiiiv 
 lli.'^lilll:llislll'(l iiii'ii III till' liii- 
 |i('ri;il scl'V icr lis NiiMi Si'dliii. 
 Tlir Dnkr 111' Kcni, '.'niniU'iillicr 
 111' Kiiii;' IMwiiiiJ. was iwicc 
 
 stilt JiilltMl ill. lllllirM\. till' Sri'llllll 
 
 liiiii' its ('iiiiiiiiiiiiili'i'-iii-( 'liii'l III 
 till' I'lirci's ill IJriiisli Niiiili 
 Aiiii'i'ii'ii. I'liiii'i' liis iiiiiiiiiiis- 
 t tat inn (li'lriisivc wntks wi'fi' 
 |iiisli('il \ ijfiifiiiisiy riii'waiil, St. 
 (Ji'ori;i''s Ciiiifcli uas liiiiit, ami 
 tiiaiiy iici'cssafv iiii|iiii\(iiiriils 
 MTic tiiailc. riit'iirtiiiialcly tlir 
 
 lldllSt: ill wllirll ill' livril III! 
 
 Ik'iit'iifil IJasiti is a ruin. IIi'IT. 
 
 too, sfi'vi'il I'finci' Wiliiiitii.al'U'r- 
 
 wafils the Sailm' Kiiiir, tlii' lair 
 
 Diikc of l''iiiiiiliiiii,'li, ami i.niil 
 
 Ni'lsiHi. .Viliiiiialty llmisf, uliicli 
 
 slamis nil a liiil ii\('fliiiii<iiii;' tin' 
 
 liafliiiiif. i.-i assiirialrd wiili liic 
 
 iiatiRsol lilt: Karl III' Diimlunalil, 
 
 Sir lloiist.oii Stewart, ami Sir .Mixamlir 
 
 .MiliH'. all i^'allatit saiims. Nova Sn'tians \y\v\ 
 
 I'hnt,, l,,,\ 
 
 1 \'ttli-htim\ IlitmUr. 
 
 riiK i.i-M.iiAi iii^r mini, mmii.w. 
 
 fcflcftcd ,i;lorv on tlu-ir coiiiitrv are many. 
 Atnotiir lliiin wiri' Ailiiiirals Sir i'lnvn W'ailis 
 ami Sir I'lilwaiii llrli'lii'i', (ii'iifial W'illianis. 
 tlir iii'i'ii lit' Kai's, ami Sir .Inliii Inirlis, tla- 
 ilfi'i'iiilcr iif hiii'kiiiiu. W'llsriiiil ami I'arkrr. 
 wliiisr lici'iiism ill till' ("riiiiraii war is 
 I'liiiiiiifimiiaU'il l>y a iiHiiiniiu'iil in t'lniil ol' 
 St. .Mary's ("ailicilral. ami Sainm.'l ("iitianl. 
 lliL' i'liiinilcr 111' tlic first slratiislii|) srrvicc 
 across the Allaiilii-. 
 
 .Vs l'!siiiiiiiiaiill is siiitatiMl on tliat jiart of 
 Noitli Aimrii'a wliii'li lii'iuls niii lowanls 
 .\sia. so llalil'a.x is sitiiati'il on 
 lliat |iart ol' tlir coast wliicli 
 licml.s out liiwanls l'liirii]ic. It 
 is iiiiill nil a pciiinsiila t'oriiKMl liy 
 till' .Nnrili West .\riii, a rivcr-likc 
 iiilil 111' llic sea. ami lU'ilt'nrd 
 I'.asiii. a lakf-likc c.\|iati.sc of 
 water, tell si|iiare miles in e.Meiit. 
 in iialiiral stieii<itli it is secnml 
 iiiily tn (^iieliec ami (liliraltar, 
 ami in tlic lieaiity of siirroiiiiil- 
 iiiirs it surpasses eillier. Tiie 
 liarlioiir |ifiiia|is |inssesses tllorc 
 ailvanliiLres lliaii any oilier in tlie 
 wiiilil. Wiiile it n|iciis (Uivctly 
 on llie Atlantic, it is protected 
 liy .McXalTs Isiiind at the eti- 
 I ranee, it iseas\ nf access at all 
 
 lime! 
 
 'I'll- 
 
 e liitVelciice 
 
 ill til 
 
 se and fail of llie lid 
 
 paialiveiy siual 
 
 iiililintr-i,'ronm 
 
 I, I 
 
 e IS coin- 
 It has <ro(id 
 lo rocks and 
 
 /'/».(" '..1/1 
 
 >i. \\\\.\ 
 
 I yatftttiuf, hllllttrt'. 
 AMI I.I l.lll. Ilcirsl., MAI.II AX. 
 
 shoals, and a iiiiilnrni depth froiii 
 tell to twelve fallioiiis. It, is. 
 
/'/..,(., I.!l\ 
 
 II M II \\ \ II u l.ip I i:ini 
 
 IlKiri'iiVCI'. niilivr |u l,iVi||iiM.| li\ nllr 111 IWu 
 
 (lays lIimii Miiy 111 lirr ('.iiiiiili;iii m' Aiiirrir.iii 
 Iiurt. mill, unlike .Miiiiirciii iiml (.hirhn', is 
 ici-l'iiT )irariiiMlly llu' yciir niiiiul. 
 
 This iiiililf iiiiriiiiiir is, liiri'irnri'. ilic clii.'l' 
 wiiili'i' |iiiri 111' iIh' liniiiiiiii'ii. li isriiiiiiiTH'il 
 wiili .Miiiiireii! liy llu- liiicrniloiiial railuay. 
 7."iii liiiirs liili'j-, ainl as lliis i-iiiiiii-fts willi llir 
 Caiia'iiaii I'aritir Uailuav. lialirav is in 
 iliiiTi rdiiiniuniiMtiiiii wiiii tin' rest uf liir 
 Ctilllinrlll. Il is alsu a ralilc ci-lllrr, lilirs 
 railiatiiii; tn ili'iiain, licrinmla. ami lIu' West 
 liiilics, ari'iiss Caiiaila. aiiil, iiliinialrly, aci'nss 
 llic I'acilir til Aiistr.ilasia. lis I'acililiis fur 
 riialinu arr cxci'llcni. (Inml liiinkiT mal, 
 allnal ainl in lim-ks. is alunys av.iilalilr lo 
 nm 111! In piers ami eliiilcs iirnviileil fur tlu; 
 |iiir|iusr. lirsiilcs fiiur iiiariiir railways, 
 (MlialiK; uf liMiilini;' \i'ssrls iiiiiler ".'.niMi tmis 
 liiinlcn. is a lari;!' '/rav iii'.'-ilurk uf stuiie, CiUii 
 
 feel ill Irll'^lll. As lllr lijiisl iiniiurl;ill( 
 
 Naval Siiiimi in ilir Wrsirrn ilrinisiilieri', 
 il is liilly ri|iii|iiinl. ami sii furiniilalilr 
 arc its furiiliraiiiiiis ilial il is iirai'tirally 
 iiniircunahle fruiii (lie sea. At tliu cntraniT 
 of I. lie iiariiiiiir arc Yurk Kciluiilit, (•"urt 
 O^'ilvic, ami l''iiri Clarence ; in inid-chaiiiiel 
 are tile islainls uf Si. (ieurn-i' iiml .McXali, 
 lirisllini; with all the laiesi. engines uf war. 
 At iillier siraleeical puii'ts. |iarticiilurly in ilic 
 park, piiwei'fiil eiiiis arc niunnteil, su that in 
 itienipiiiii,'' 111 Ciller llii' haiiiuiir an eiieiiiy's 
 ship wuiilil iif ex|iuscil lu a iiniriliM'uiis cruss- 
 tire. 
 
 Tile inusi sirikiiiiT f'aliire uf Halifax is 
 ihe Cilailel. wiiicli cmwiis a iiill risiiiu' ireiilly 
 ffum tlio water's edgo. Tiic massive walls 
 
 I VillfiiHiir, IHnuli; 
 
 ilcfv assaiill , llic iiarracks vviihiii are Iminii- 
 pruiif. i;iiMs uf the latest patierii swee|i city 
 ami liarliiiiir. The urieinal Cilailel vvurks 
 Were lie'.'iin liy the Diike uf Kent. Iiiil siiico 
 his tiim; einlless fiiaiiu(.'s ami adiliiiuns have 
 lieeii inaile, iiiiiil it is iiuw a fortress wnrlhy 
 111 lie nieiiiiuiicil in the sanas lireath uilli 
 Ciiiraltar ami .Malta. In the vicinity arc 
 Ailiniralty iliiiisc, Wellinyiun Uarracks. and 
 the railway statimi. I'ntil liie mitltrcak uf 
 the Suiith .Vfrican war. Halifax was the mily 
 city in (he Duniiniuii in which the red I'uat 
 uf the I'.riiish siildier was a familiar siLdil. 
 Sir Wilfred l,aiirier l.hcii ull'crcd to raise a 
 e-arrisun uf Canadians, liierehy rclcasiiii; an 
 l'iiii;iish rciriineiit fur the fnnil. Liist year 
 liiis ai'rai|i_'eiiicnt was iiiade periiianeiit. 
 
 Fruin the Citadel the view is siiporh. 
 lichiml full mil fertile irreeii plains, dutlcd 
 wiih wiiitc ciiita'^es and liiiiiiidcd hy 
 iindiilatin;,: raniresuf hills. I)ire<'lly uppusiie 
 is Dartinuiitli, a small luwii iiictiiicsi|iiely 
 
 situated at the iiase uf verdant, well-w led 
 
 hills, and leiiL'tliciicd sliurewards with liie 
 villa residences uf Halifax merchants. I5eluw 
 are tile ships uf 11 is .Majesty's Xavy riding' al 
 anchur. and liic ships of tiie twenty lines ul 
 steamers which reu;iilarly Irade wilh the 
 purt. And evervwherc water is a feature i>i 
 the landsca|ie. In tiic dislaiicu is the hcaviii^^ 
 Atlantic, nearer :il hand is the liarhoiir 
 ninninir tu a point called the .Narrows, 
 iieyuiid which il iipeiis uiil intu Bediord 
 ii.isin, siirruiiniled liy lofty pine-idad hills. 
 From another iioiiit of view spreads out the 
 most heanlifnl park mi the North Aineiicaii 
 Cuntiiaiit. At the extremity uf ilie 
 
 
 peninsula 
 \\aler mi 
 allcmpi 
 ci.iirely 
 II iles of 
 wmiderfii 
 pii'k lia\ 
 llliiiple i|i 
 iiuuk> as 
 Inarl of I 
 llic pine I 
 jrliinpscs 
 the straii 
 hallei'V, II 
 a furl.' .\ 
 iiiiii'h uf 
 Ciiluiiial 
 fu|Mci I hi 
 sa\. il wa 
 ami the I 
 were v\i' 
 li'uyal .\i 
 ; suldicls, ll 
 I frmit uf 
 u sialf ulli 
 sailui's wii 
 I'llll since 
 and tile t 
 Canadian 
 the del'elic 
 tin's is her 
 The lii^ 
 CXI reinely 
 I'luclainai 
 Acadiaiis I 
 exiles, a ; 
 '■ l']\an;;eli 
 I'riirate 
 .\iiiericaii 
 
 J'/wtti Oil 
 
.V.I IMA /;iv/;,s' (ir Till.: i:,\u'iiii:. 
 
 Wi 
 
 , IHniitir 
 
 I iil'i' Imiiili- 
 1 s\V('C|i rily 
 liiilcl wiifks 
 I, lull siiici" I 
 
 lilillMS liiivc I 
 
 I'css wnriliy 
 lirciitli uiili 
 \iciiiity iH'i' 
 ;irfiii'l<s. mill 
 iiii lii'i'iik 111 
 IS ilii' iiiily 
 
 Wuw sIl'IiI. 
 
 Ill I'iiisc a 
 Irasiiiir all 
 
 Last year 
 iii'iit. 
 
 is sii|ii-rb. 
 litis, ijiiiifil 
 iinilcil li.v 
 
 I JV (i|l|inSlll' 
 
 riiiifsi|nfly 
 
 Ucll-Wlllllll'll 
 
 s wiili ill'' 
 Its. IW'liiW 
 \y rilling' at 
 • Illy liiif!* "' 
 uiili till' 
 I fraliirc I'f 
 iliriiravinir 
 „. Iiarltoiii' 
 I,. NaiTdWs. 
 
 til iiclll'lll'll 
 
 K-i-lad liin>^- 
 
 lails init til'' 
 
 h .Viiicrii'aii 
 
 LV of llii: 
 
 |iriiiiisiilii mi wliii'li ll.'ilila\ is Imiii, it iiiis 
 waicr "11 lliicc siili's, and ihniiiili llicrc is iin 
 alli'Mi|il al clllliviiliiill, till' all nl' liiali is 
 I'l.iii'i'ly ill liai'iimiiy with .Naliiri'. Simm 
 II ili'S III' I'liad.s lia\i' Iiitii JMid mil willi 
 ui'iidi'il'iil tasli', llic m'i<4'iiiai lii'aillii's nj' liic 
 |i.ii'k liaviiii;- liccii I in 'SI TN I'd tn an aliiiosl 
 iiiiii|iU' dt'_'i(i'. \\'iiiid|iallis wind ll)iiaii.'ii 
 Miiiiks as wild as any in ln' I'miiid in ilir 
 lii'iii'l of ilii' nimiiilains, and lini' and ilicri' 
 llir |iiiic li'cfs lia\c lict'ii ('111 away In |ii'niiii 
 L'liiii|'Si'S 1)1' tliL' Water. .\l liiiics. Iiiiur\cr. 
 llir slraii'ii'i' is stai'lli'd In ciiiiir ii|iiiii a 
 liaiiri'v, III' III liiid liiniscir iindi'i' the walls nf 
 a lull. .\nd licrcin. iiiilil a IVw yiMfs ii'.'ii, lay 
 inlirli (if till' rhal'lii of Halifax. It was a 
 Ciilmiial liiwn in uliirh mir cmild ih'MT 
 fiii'ict the niiirlii nf K;iL'laiid. That is io 
 .say. it was a (■ninliinalimi nf liic |irn\ iiicial 
 and llir liii]irrial. 'I'lir .•<yinliii|s nf Mmiiiiv 
 wri'i' i-\iiywlicrc in tin' slinps will: llir 
 Itnval .\i'iiis, till' liri<.'lit iiiiil'm'ins nf ilir 
 snldicis, ilic sL'iiliiK'ls |iai'iii'j' to and fin in 
 frniit nf a (Invci'iinii'iii luiildiim' '"' wliarf. 
 a sialV nilicri' mi duly in scarici and u'nld.ilii' 
 sailni's wiili tlii'ir irini siiiis and janiiiy air. 
 r.iil siiiiT till' Kcdistrilailinii nf the Klicl. 
 and till' liaiisfri'ciii'i' fmni llir llmni' tn ilic 
 Canadian ( in\ci'niiiiiil i>\' rrspiinsiliiliiy fnr 
 till' dcl'i'iKTS nf i'lsi|iiiiiiaiill and Halifax, all 
 this is liccniiiinu' n ihini^r nf llir [lasi. 
 
 Tlic liisinrica! assnrialimis nf Halil'aN arr 
 rMrriijcly inici'csiiiiir. Hi'i'f was siu'iH'd iIh' 
 j'riK'lainatiun wiiidi drn\r ih- iclullimis 
 .Vcadians frmii tlicir limiii's as waiidfrcrs and 
 cxikfS. a sinry iilcalisrd liy Lmiirl't'llnw in 
 '• l'l\ani:cliiii'."' 'I'n this |im't sailed llie Kritisli 
 friirate S/iiiiniii/i, |irniidly imviiii; ilie 
 .\iiierii'aii friL'ale ('/ces(i/irii/,i\ wliieli was 
 
 inalllled liy the linesl el'eW I lie ^'linkees e\ci' 
 nillSlel'ed. .Mnliy; iIh' slmles III' liedrnld 
 itiLsili rise up tlie eaiN|is. Imsjiilal. and a 
 I'einetery (if tile i'Vi lieli .Xlinada de>|ialelied 
 ill ITIti In •• ('(ill(|ller llle .Nnl'lll .\llieliiall 
 enasi fl'nin New fmilidlaiid In \'ii'.jiiiia." Il 
 was (lis|ii'rse(|. imi liy i.riiisli \alniir. Iml liy 
 lerrilic slni'ins. mdv iwn ineii-nf-war and a 
 few ti'aiis|inrls reaeliinir Halifax. 'i'lie 
 .\dniii'al died nf a limkeii lieart, ids siieei ssnr 
 eniiiniitted suicide slimtly afterwards, and a 
 
 llimisalld nf their niell died nf disease. .\ 
 seenlld l''lee| wllicll Sel In Sea willl llle sallie 
 nlijeet was sealtel'ed \i\ a lllll liealle. 
 
 Saturday is the iri'eal market-day nf 
 Halifax, and il i> llie day wiieli tile life nf 
 till' eiiy is seen in its iiinst |ii('tiii'esi|iie and 
 \aried as|iee|. Alnmifi' llie sellel'S llle niiisi 
 sliikinir are ilie im ".'ines. llie .Miciiiae Indians. 
 
 and llle .\eadians. deseelidallls (if llie l''l'iliell. 
 wlln wandered liai'k In llle nld llnllie. Tile 
 
 "(li'een .Market." wllicll is densest Hear llle 
 
 I'nst Ollice. is also Ilnvcl nil accnlint nf llie 
 ImriU'd caitle liaiiiessed in carls in wliicli 
 many nf tlie cniintry |ien|ile cany ilieir 
 |irniluce. I''iniii all early Imiir in llie mnrii- 
 
 ill'j- llle fnn||iilllis al'e lined nil eilliel' side nf 
 llie mad willl wllilealld cnlmired pi n|i|e. wlln 
 travel many a weary mile wiili liaskets, 
 fancy wm'k. \ci:'elali|es. friiil. and llnwers. 
 .Men. wmiieii and cliildreii sit nr sipiat iieside 
 
 llieir lillle stalls, while the '.:■ I people nf 
 
 Halifax Imy in the .sinie leisurely way. .\s 
 liecmnes a Inwii with a Iradilinii a '^lowlli nf 
 a eeiitniy and a iialf. and a future, it is iimre 
 diiznilied than liiirriid. 
 
 'I'Ik' climate nf the I'mvince is severe 111 
 winter, llelice llle nl'i'.dll nf llle liickliaille of 
 
 a .\n\a Scoiiaii is '• iiliie-nose." The summer 
 
 I'holi, Ijij] 
 
 [ Vahntiiif, Utnitlep, 
 
 UAI.IIAX VM.UI 
 
 1 iiiiM I in; w'Ksr. 
 
(ion 
 
 Tin: wiMi.soi; M.\(i.\/.i\i: 
 
 
 is iiu wiiriiHT ilmii ii is ill KiiL'l:iiiii I fn^s l"iris "f tlic |).>iiiiiiioii. As a Niiviil 
 
 pI SiMlinii. " The Crciiisiaili of Aiiii'ricii." ii 1ms 
 
 nmii. 'I'lif niiisi (Irliiiiiiliil sriisnii n 
 llic vi'iir is ilic iiiitiiiiiii. "Ih'Ii lilt' ilitys hit 
 
 lll'i' ruin 
 
 III! riviil ill till' W'i'sii'i'ii ilciiiisiilicic, I' 
 
 (ir 
 
 Kiifi iiiiil liiiliii). mill tlif iii'.'lits ( I jimi ill iiilililiiiii til lis oilitT iHlviiiiiiiiiis 11 ciiii 
 
 ffii'Tiinl. The iiiii'lis Mini uiinliiis iiml ilmw mi iiiiliiiiitcil sii|i|ilii's u|' cxi'dlnit slcaii 
 
 Will 111 
 
 s ai'c 
 
 llii'ii I'lii'uiniis ill iiissil ;iiiil 
 
 I. As ill (III' N.irili I'ai'iii 
 
 (■ Sll III llic 
 
 MMII' 
 
 l.'l ami iri'l'l, iiikI llif sunsets aiv ai Nmili Ailaiiiir. Hn>rlaiiil is |.ni\ iilcij witli 
 
 llirir tini'si. 'I'lii' AinciiiMiis imI! this iilcal a wiinlnw ami 
 
 rmiicss. Mi'UM'iii tlii'iii 
 
 tinii' till' 
 
 liiil 
 
 iaii snintmr. ami nnwlii'ii' is 
 
 till' iiiiisl MilniTalili' li'iiilii'i' III' till' Itrilisli 
 
 t inui'r I'lili'aiicinjrlv liiM'lv ihaii in N'nva Kiniiin'. llic Indian rioiitiii' aluiii' cxri'iilcil. 
 
 ScDiia. l''"i' i'"* ili'lriiri'. liiiwi'M'T, till' hiPiiiiniun is 
 
 Wlii'ihi'i' nr mil Halifax lii'i'oims llir ri'sjinnsililc. ami as siii' was I'lpial In tiif task 
 
 tiTininns of a fast Aliaiiiir sitn in', its in |Hli' II, sn slio will Ipc airaiii slum" 
 
 cxti'iisiM' ai'ci 
 
 till 
 
 lillL'lll II 
 
 Its wall 
 
 fi'iiiilai:!'. its railway ami tflri'ia|iliii' I'lii'ililit 
 its Mia'_'liili''i'lil liallinlir. its sliah 'jiral 
 
 iH'rasimi ai'isr. Knr what Anslialasia is |i 
 the Siilllll I'arilir slli' is In tht' Ninth I'arilii 
 ami ihr NiM'lli Allanlir. ('iifiilliinalilv sin 
 
 |iiisitiiin. ami ai'ci'ssi 
 
 liililv till' vi'ar I'lmml, has uiii' of tin' (inal l'o.M'r> 
 
 hiT Hank. 
 
 ill alwavs irivi' it a hi'ih phu'c' aiiioiiir the iii'iici' tho sifcin^ili of Halifax. 
 
 .li'i.i:'-' 
 
 ' i-Ni.i.AMt ^ uK.M.ni. liv i:i>\\ IN rMM cr .\s. 
 
 u/ the larije jiltiU^ 
 
 i>J' Hit 
 
 .i .uhtinherif 
 
 mm- 
 
 
Jl'i". II lliis 
 |i'<|ilMTl'. lor 
 
 |iii:i's it, can 
 li'iil. Htciiiri 
 X" ill (lie 
 
 |>m'<Ii'<I uiili 
 'II ilii'iii is 
 
 lilii' Mriiisli 
 
 }<■ i'\(r|i|(.(|. 
 
 ^*<>iiiiiiiiiii JH 
 
 I'l till' task 
 
 iiiii sliciiiM 
 
 •iiliisiii is III 
 
 mil I' 
 
 lll'lllC 
 
 |iui,'ili'lv slii: 
 
 lirr 
 
 Ilk. 
 
 
 '» 
 
 
 nnur- 
 
 
 I 
 
 ;?*H J 
 
 t u < f i K ! * I i i 
 
 
 .m^r 
 
 WiWir, 
 
 l> 
 
 hh«,