IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) .**% 1.0 1.1 i« 12.0 Ui u u IL25 in 1.4 I 1.6 Photographic ^Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRHT WEBSTIR.N.Y. 14580 (716)S7'i-4503 V o A\iSf CIHM ICIVIH Microfiche Collection de Series microfiches (IMonograplis) (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical IMIcroreproductlons / Institut Canadian da microraproductions historiquas Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. 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Lee caitea. planchaa. tableaux, etc.. paiwent dtra fllmia A dee taux de rMuction diff«rents. Loraque la document eat trop grand pour «tre reproduit an un seul cilch4. il eat film« A partir de I angle sup^rieur geuche, de gauche i droite. et de heut en baa. an prenent le nombre d Imegea n«camaire. Lea diagrammea suivants illuatrent le m^thode. 22X 1 2 3 4 « 6 CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL FARM, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA, CANADA. t . . BULLETIN No. 7. TWO-KOWED BAELET. -AJPHIL, 1890. I'' ■ * I it 1 Central Experimental Farm. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA, CANADA. CAN GOOD TWO-ROWED BARLEY BE GROWN CANADA ? IN Recent opinions of Maltsters, Brewers and Corn IZfr.^ ^"''^^ ^""'^^ °^ ^^^^di^^ Two-rowed Barley, the growth of 1889. To THE Honourable the Minister op Agriculture : DIR, — orthHlth of tI ^"7 "^ '^' ^'''' ^^"«^" ^^^'^ forwarded Ldon wlh i "''^ '" '^' '"'^^ "^ *^^ ^?'gh Commissioner in maUste;Tl "'."? '^' *'^ ^P^°""« ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^he leading tW !l ' ^ ' ^"^ ^'^^''•' ^^ «^*^i"«d as to their quality and tba the endeavour be made to ascertain the prices which s^^h barleys would command at present in the market's of olBritaTn The varieties forwarded wern of +h^ fji . s "wu wiin proiit. formedthebnlVnf ' %T u fo"owing five sorts, which loimea the bulk of , > distribution made last year : i m I — \ 4 Garter' » Prize Prolific Barley. Weight per From Experimental Farm, Brandon, Ikfan .''"54'* <* Winona, Out., grown by Henry R. Wilson 55^ " Centreville, P.E.I. '« Benjamin Cole 56 Danish Chevalier. '< Freeman, Ont., grown by George Fisher 54^ " Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man 5ft " " Indian Head, N.W.T 55 " Medicine Hat, N.W.T., grown by J. L. Hawk 56^ Danish P'intice Chevalier. " Myrtle, Ont., grown by Thos. Manderson 53 " Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man 55^ Indian Head, N.W.T 53^ Peardless. <' Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa 5i| '* Hamilton, Ont., grown by J. A. Bruce 54 " Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man 54^ Indian Head, N.W.T 55 English Malting. " Myrtle, Ont., grown by Thos. Manderson 54 " Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man 54 " " " Indian Head, N.W.T 53^ From the office of the High Commissioner, the following reports and letters have been received. The samples of barley were not large enough to admit of being divided so that each firm might receive some of the same lot, hence the reports are not uniform as to the samples examined : — "79 Mark Lane, London, 12th February, 1890. J. G. CoLMEE, Esq., Secretary of the High Commissioner of Canada, 9 Victoria Chambers, Dear Sir, We are in receipt of your communication of the 11th instant, with three samples of Barley grown in Canada. They are all fit for malting purposes, but would not be considered fine quality in comparison with/ne English and some foreign pro- duce, such as Moravian, Bohemian and Californian. We imagine 5 We remain, Your obedient servants, tare !hi rr "' ''"'•'''''•■"■"" ■''"'■'■" '^ '"» M'"i»'- of Agricul- inro which aecompaniM thi«, ho ,ays : " Mc^rs VVo.„1l,.v V^ not to tlnLh theVitln too H """"^^^^ recommending farmers Memorandum. " From R. & J. Akdley, (30 Mark Lane, ' To Mr. J. G. CoLMER • London, Feb. 19, 1890. about their value on the London Corn Exchange. 1. Jieardless Barley From Brandon, Manitoba.. qo 2. Danish Chevalier- ^'' ^^'' ^'■• From Medicine Hat, N. W. T 3. Danish Printice Chevalier- Indian Head, N. W. T 4. English Malting— ^'^''' " From Brandon, Man oOS. << From " Ind, Coopb & Co. (Limited), J. G. CoLMER, Esq., Burton-on-Trent, March 18, 1890. 9 Victoria Chambers, London Dear Sir, — ' Referring to yours of the 15th ultimo, addressed to our Ramford 6 house, we beg to say we have carefully tested the Baraples of barley and find they are quite suitable for malting ptirposes, and we should estimate their value at from 348. to 368. per quarter. Yours truly, for Ind, Coope & Co. (Limited), E. I. Bui), Director." (No infonnation has yet been received as to the particular samples submitted to either of the firms in Burton). From "Mackkson & Co., Brewers, Maltsters and Spirit Merchants, Brewery, Hythe, Kent- Established 1669— February 28, 1889. J. G. CoLJiKR, Esq., Dear Siu, — We must apologise for the delay in replying to your favour of the 18th February. We must congratulate you on the improve- ment in the samples since you last favoured us. We consider there is a great improvement in the size of the barleys and that they will have very good malting qualities. It is of course diflicult without having worked the barley to say what Its value IS and say what sort of malt it will make. There is one pomt which we would draw your attention to, that is, that the barley appears to have been carelessly threshed. This particularly refers to the two samples of Danish Chevalier. If you look at these two samples you will find a number of corns cut in half, this m done by the machines being set too closely during the threshing operation. No ordinary cleaning machine will take this out as their diameter is as big as a Avhole corn. The presence of these half corns is verv detrimental for malting purposes, as they almost invariably mould on the floors, and the mould spores communicate themselves to other corns which likewise become affected with the mould. We would, therefore, strongly recommend you to advise y6ur farmers to be more careful in threshing. We are inclined to think that the Danish Chevalier barleys are the best. We do not like Beardless Barley for malting, and the 'English Malting' does not appear to us to be quite so mellow as the two samples of Danish Chevalier. We have no doubt that these barleys would find a ready it will,,,,,, lu^vinlt -ie n? , ■ """""■ '" """'•"" ""■"■ ™l"« .bout ,„.. ; .;^!;:i,i:t; :'''';::;;:,;;::■: ';- «-™'^- Yours faithfully, p <5 ,^ Mackkhox & Co. c.uimui at L,u erpool the op m on of IF r \v ^ been obtained Mr \V.Jj i .* , "^ ^*- ^- >V oodward has o..e o, t,. ,::; i^tXri k:;s ;"'^" "-' '- -^ - -^ "Ckreai, Court, Bruxswick St., John Dykk, Esq., Liverpool, Feb. 13, 1890. Agent Canadian Govrrnment, Dkak Sir,- Liverpool. I am favoured M-ith the letter of the Secretary of thn u\ CommsH oner of Canada n,n i ^«'<^Jetaiy ot the High in replyincr t tho - ' *^ ^^"' '"'^ ^^''^ "^"^'^ Pleasure the h Csan ; W ^^^^ ^"^^^T^ ^^--^ ' ^ave also received in quality a, ?„„rarrwi,lecfr '". '"""""' *'* -t yea. I .,ol place ::'bt o^ Se^fcaTl Vo"" tt"'"1 grown b, H. R. Wilson, Winona, Onta^ T fi ' n ^1!:^ 111 8 bright barloy, of very good malting quality, and wouM have fetch- ed 40h. per 44H II,h. in Ki.gliHi. nmrkets thin autumn. No. 2, or Hecond beHt, Ih that grown by Benjamin Cole, I'rinee Kdward iHlund. It iH fully as heavy aH the flrnt lot, but rather darker in colour and eoarner in Hkin, and I should value at about HHs. per quarter in England. No. .'i, grown at Experimental Farm (Rrandon), is dlsai)i)ointin«r in size and stoutness. It looA:^ as though it had been grown on very light sandy land, an<l been rather 'burnt up ' in a <lroughty Hun,mer. The colour is bright, but the grain looks rather harsh and ' steely ' and is uneven in si/e. In fact this samj.le does not show the mlvantage of the seed so much as do the other two. In all three samples there is a certain anu)unt of f,ro/i-en com, due in part to the drum of the threshing machine being set a little too close. Broken com is disliked by maltsters, as it goes to mould on the malting floor and aflFects/ayor of malt and ale. In conclusion I have no hesitation in saying that if such samples as No. 1 and No. 2 could be produced in Canada, they would find a ready market in England at the full values of the day for Malting Barleys. I am, dear Sir, Yours truly, H. C. WOODWAKD." "Cereal Court, Brunswick St., W r \v.r.r i. r. Liverpool, March 5, 1890. n. c. VVooDWARi), & Co., Corn Brokers and Commission Agents. J. Dyke, Emi., — Report and valuation of eight 8ami)les of Canadian Barley received from J. Dyke, Esq., Agent of the Government of Canada. Danish Chevalier grown at 3Iedicine Hat, N. W. T., 408. to 498 per qr. of 448 lbs. Danish Chevalier grown at Brandon, Man., 38a. to 398. per or of 448 lbs. ^ ' Danish Printice Chevalier grown at Brandon, Man., 388. per or of 448 lbs. ^ ^ ' Beardless grown at Brandon, Man., 388. perqr. of 448 lbs. Beardless grown at Hamilton, Out., 36s. per qr. of 448 lbs. English Malting grown at Indian Head, 35s. per qr. of 44S lbs. Danish Chevalier grown at Indian Head, 34s. perqr. of 448 lbs. Beardless grown at Ottawa, 308. to 328. per qr. of 448 lbs. 9 I value the above in the order named. They arc all Huitablo for malt.n,. and the h^went of then. Huperior to thc^ix-ron: : o j ary Canadian type. Thin year for throe or fonr Jir.t o.um, oL even nn.re „n,.ht he obtained, bnt barley han Hold relali c^fhil thiH Heanun, enpecially the best HortH. ^ ^ Yours truly, II. 0. WooinvABD." lJd7fLu"-^- ?'"'T' ^"-S^^^-^or. Agent at Glasgow, Scot- land, the following have been received :— h , ^ "PkTKK KiNTOUI., SoNifeCo., T. Gka.iam, Esq., ^^ ^"'■^^" ^'''*''«t, WlaHgow. St. Knock Square. Dear Sib, We have examined the samples of Canadian Barley very a efully along with Hugh Baird & Son, Maltsters, and m. enc os^ Tl L „ r, "'"'\"^ ^"^'' "^"'''^^ ^'•^•^ '^-'^r^ value per 448 lbs. TW samples n.d.cate an ability to produce Hner barley than we have ever seen from Canada. We think it will be keptu . Iheclunate or the land has th. tendency to produce ea"" ''' "'"' "'''''' ""' ^^^^^^^^ 'y --^^g -w seed The broken grains in some of the samples are very objection- aWe more care m threshing would avoid this. All thL sampl - would command a very ready sale, they are specially adapted for brewers, who would, no doubt, give long prices to get so fin a quahty as some of the finer samples. Tl^Messrs. l/arvey, who ^^sted the samples by :nalting, say the result is very satisf'actory! Ihenumberof he backs is very small. ^ Yours truly, Peter Rintoul & Co." Report of valuation by Hugh Baird & Son, Glasgow. "Danish Chevalier, grown by J. L. Hawk, Medicine Hat, N.W T IS as fine barley as we have ever seen, and should command 'the highest price of any barley. Value to-day 40s. per 448 lbs. T»« Y" •• "^'^ S^^''^ ^' Experimental Farm, Brandon, Man. loo many broken grains, very bad fault. The barley is ^r^e and should be worth 388. to 388. 6d. ' 10 Dani,h Chevalier, grown at Experimental Farm, Indian Head aboTt-Ie;/-"™ '^ ^""^ ''^"*™°"' %"'e. Ontario, ITnl ^,^Dani«h Printioe Chevalier, 55 Iba.. thinner barley, value about He"d"N W T'tr'jr""; ^""'' "' ^^P-™»"" Farm, Indian iicdu, IN. w. 1., 53^ lbs., value 308. Engli,h Malting grown at Experimental Fam, Brandon Man Sample a,»o grown at Indian Head, N. W. T., both ,.^Z !^lt R n Z TP'' '" " "'"' •'^^^ '"''o"'- «han the other Beardless Barley grown at Experimental Farm, Brandon Man value 3 ,., we.ght 54J lbs., too many broken grains. ' ' o ': M^TbrvieT::,?"''^' ""'>-'--' ^-"" «"-. It may be interesting to those who are not familiar with tl,. country between the points named to know that frl L falof Benjamm Cole, on Prince Edward Island, to that of J. L hTwIc at Medicme Hat, in the North-West Territories the di!^. nearly 3,000 miles. Aermones, the distance is The difference in the relafve opinions of these experts as to th. SioXSL-""'* — -" ^ -bVXnrt I Head, , value '■ about Indian , Man. 1 about. Man., It., 64 ttawa, ;h the im of Hawk ice is ;o the ice to 11 rowed barley of ;Z ™ , " T "'■«'"' "' ""^^ *"' '«- marie. ca„/„t L'^ Z t%:X" ^i'^™":- » *«. ^"S"^" been obtained are the-o nf "oi^ . ,. ?° °'"""'"" ^'''«'' '■»™ «.mers of barley in Great Br Z "1, "V"'*"' ''"^'"■'' """ «""• per Quarter of lis lu ^^ '°'"=" «8"™ "™ed, 308. per quarter of 448 lb,., ,a equal to n cent, in England for the 12 Canadian bushel of 48 lbs. Taking the average of all the quota- tions for all the samples we find the figure to be a little over 368 which IS equal to 9i cents for the Canadian bushel in England' wh.Ie those who can grow barley which will receive the top price t^l^, ' " T ?'''' ^'^^"•grainsellinGreatBritainatfrom^LOe to II. 12 per Canadian bushel. From these figures must be taken the cost of transportation and the buyer's commission. A trial shipment of six-rowed barley to England was made by some buyers in Western Ontario in Februarv la^t, when about 20,000 bushels was forwarded. This was taken frL the neighbourhood of Toronto and delivered in Liverpool for 30 cts per 100 lbs. A second shipment of 18,000 bushels was sent early m March from north of Toronto, which cost 38 cts. per 100 lbs to deliver m Liverpool. From 18 to 19 cts. per bushel would probably cover the cost of transportation from the producer to the consumer during the winter months, while 12 to 14 cts. would be likely to cover the rates obtainable either to Liverpool or London during the period when navigation is open. Taking the average cost at 15 cts. and allowing 3 cts. additional for commission and incidental ex- penses, this would leave the farmer on the basis of the lowest of the estimates given 60 cts. here for the Canadian bushel ; taking the average figure, it would be 76 cts., and on the higher estimates o« to 94 cts. Placing the exports of Canadian barley at 10 million bushels every cent per bushel added to the price obtained for it puts $100,000 into the pockets of the farmers, and had the entire crop of surplus barley of 1889 in Canada been two-rowed and sold at the lowest figures which have been given for the poorest of the samples sent to England instead of shipping the crop to the United States at an average of about 45 cts., the gain to the farmers of Canada would have amounted to one million five hundred thousand dollars, and could the average price which has been named have been obtained, the diiference would have been over three millions of dollars. With such possibilities in view the wisdom of making a strong effort in that direction can scarcely be questioned by any reasonable mind. The objection has been made in some quarters that two-rowed barley soon runs out and tiat the deterioration is so rapid that new seed would have to be imported every year-such statements unless based on experience are of very little value. The experiments in this direction which have been carried on at 13 I t the Experimental Farms ail point as far as they go to the opposite conclusion, and instead of deterioration there hfs been a lady imp-vement. The opinion of most practical farmers whom I 18 that there s no more tendency to run out with this variety of grain than wxth any other sort, and that with such change of Led from one soil to another and from one district to another as Zd farmers everywhere practice, there is little doubt that he Sy of the gram could be maintained for many years. In Dermark where two rowed barley has of late been so^uccessfully rown It has been found that any new variety of barley introduced tW has required two or three years to acclimatize it, and that while this process was going on a steady improvement was manifest i^ the crop, and that when acclimatized it retained its vigour f" many years There is no doubt that with indifferent or poo cultivation the best of seed is likely to give poor resuUs In England the finest barley is grown on lan'd in 'a hi^h s^e of cultivation and that will no doubt be the experience he In Euiope barley is usually sown after roots for which the ground is well manured, it is also a common practice to dress the land 1 before seedmg with a mixture of from 200 to 300 lbs. of s iw light iich, fnablesoil is generally regarded as the most suitable for barley although good crops are usually got on clay loam It IS well drained and the soil thoroughly worled so as to r du"; It to a fine mellow condition. The crop should be got in eariy and If the seed is of good quality, one and a half bushels to th: acre IS sufficient. It should be put in with the drUl L it ' beheved to be advantageous to have the drills run as ne r'as po te ;:; v, it ^'^ ^"^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^-^' --- ^^^wrn cLIrV \ *' ^"'''''''^ ^^"^ *^^* the outlook for the Canadian farmer is encouraging, and with the help of the excellent arge profitable and permanent trade with Great Britain in two- rowed barley will soon be established. I have the honour to be. Your obedient servant, WM. SAUNDERS. Ottawa, April 12, 1890. ^i^'<=ior Experimmtal Farms. Ill ^..;^ ■ ' \ ; 1 • S] i i 1 ,m>