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A SKETCH, U' ^HB geographical position of tiiis vast coontfy may W tbu« ge- nerally staled —It is bounded on the East by the GiiU of St. Law- rence, and Labrador * ;— on the North, by the Territories of Hud- soa's Bay ;— on the West, by the Pacific Ocean ; on the South, by unexplored Indian countries ; and4)art of the United States of A- merica, vi^. Misiouri, titinois, Indiana, Miehigan, Ohio, Pe7insyl- vania, New York, Vermont, MvoHamfshiTt, i\\fi District of 3\^%ni at\d by the British Province of Ne«ir Brunswick. These hoondaries describe a lat ge and magnificent portion of the globe we inhabit ; large enough for the foundation of en £nir>ire which may become hereafter the arbitress of (he destinies of the new world, embracing with her mighty arms the whole width of the greaicontinent of America —Secured in her rear by the frozen regions of the north, and with such a front as she possesses to- wards the south, it is impossible but, with the adoption of wise and decisive measures, she must be able hereaiter to hold a far more imperious sway^ in regard to the countlies of the south, than was ever held by the Tartars (in their best days,) over Asia ; or, by the northern hordes of Europe, over the Empire of Rome, at the period of the overthrow of the then mistress of the world. The foundation stone of this Em|»ire has been laid by the Queen of the 0- cean,and it depends on the prudence and wisdom of her councils, and on the loyalty, ambition, temper, skill, industry, bravery, high qualities, and perseveranca of Canadians, no matter of what origin, bow far the fairy vision which is kindled up in fancy, may b© rea- lised. Bui this is not a time, nor a place, iot the indulgence of reverie, however splendid or enticing, and we must be content vvith present realities.— To the contemplation of these reaiilies, forming altogether so promising an embryo, let us ^y^ceed. We have only to cast our eyei transiently over a mafi of North America to be immediately assured of the siVvgnlarly ad«antageous situation of the settled parts of Upper Canada.— Stated like a gem in the bosom of a country that is neither scorched by tire sultry sum-, mers of the south, nor blasted by the tardy, bitter-biting, winters oJthe north ; surrounded by the most magnificent Lakes, and pos- sessing the most extensive internal navigation in the known world, it would be difficult, perhaps impossible, to find, in any other re- gion of the globe, a tract of country ot the same magnitude with so many natural advantages, as that part of Upper Canada which lies * Labrador has been striingely annexed (in 1809) to the Govern- ment of JV\Jw/ounrf/«ni, though the sea will continue to roll through the straights of BdlisU la deftpile of artifieial arraSj4««nenls,«nd un- Datunu eonneilottti. '4 between the Lnkes Ontario, Erie, and Huron, and the Ottawas, or Grand River, nine tenths of the whole extent of which are calcu- lated for ainriost every description of agricultural labour, with sucli a prospect of success as, peshaps, no other part of this uontineot eould realize.— A part of this tract of country, commencing in th© neighbourhood of Kingston, and running westward nearly 600 roil«» ' to the Sandwich frontier, by a depth, northward, of from 40 to 100^ miles, is, atone, caiMible of "supplying all Europe with grain of e- very dpscription ; besides being rich in cattle •, and producing sil- ver, lead, copper, Iron, lime, marie, gypsum, marble, free stbne, coal, salt, wool, hemp and ftax ("f the best quality.) tobacco, and timber of every description ; besides furs, game, fish, and many o- ther valuable (uoductions.* Much ha9 beeu said, at a distance, against Ihe climate of this fine touutry. Those, however, who have removed to It from Great Britain are agreeably disappointed in finding it more pleasant, (be- cause not so moist and unsettled) than that which they have left. It might be said,wiih no great impropriety, that the present t inha- bitants of Canada have but two seasons,— Summer aird Winter, — for Winter has no sooner disappeared, which generally happens by the middle of April, than the whole animal and vegetable crea- tion starts Into renewed life with a rapidity and vigortbat leaves the season of spring with such doubtful limits as to be scarcely perceptible, or deserving a specific character ; again, in the fall of the year, the months of September and October are generally so fine and summer like, and these being succeeded by what is so apt- ly termed the Indian Summer, in November, (that month which is so gloomy in England, and taid to be so fatal to Englishmen) that we should have great difficulty, were it hot for an artificial calea- dar, in saying when it was Autumn. t lo convey a more just and certain idea'of the severity of an Up- per Canadian Winter, it may be well to mention thaUhe chain of shallow Lakes W^h ruu jn an easterly, and south easterly di- rection from Lake mmcoe, towards the Midland District, are 8el> dom or never frozen soiiard as to bear a man with any heavy bur- then with much safety until about Christmas; and they are again * It must be understood that we are alwys 8})eaking of the set* tied parts of Upper Canada, unless especially mentioned to the rontrary. ' t We say present, because we have no doubt of a further ame- lioration oi' elioate as the woods arts cleared away and the watera Hirninish. X In the Wpstern District, the calture of both Cotton and Indigo has been attempted, on a small scale, vr'tih success ; and Vineyards and Hop gardens may be iaid out adviSQiagequsiy iu almost any part of the Upper Province. t * ^.^lihhkA.:. ttavvas, or are calcu- with sucli uontinetit :ingin tho '500roil«» 40 to loa ;rain of e- dir.ing sil* free 8t6ne, acco, and d many o- nf this fine nm Great asant, (be* have left. enlt inha- Winter, — Y happens ia;ble crea- tbal leaves fe scarcely I the fall u6 >neraily so It is so apt- h which is itneii) that cial calen- r of an Up- (he chain sasterly di« ct, are sel« deavy bur- f e^re again of the set- ted to the rlher ame- the waters and Tndigo Vineyards almost any •pen before the mVddle of April. Owing to the want of a proper explanation by travellers, and others, attemj-ting to describe this count! y, an erraneous idea has been formed in England that our Great Lakes are froeen over in winter; whereas they are always open, frequently exhibiting a beautiful and striking phenomenon during the inclement season, by rteason of the water being warmer than the atmospherical air ; iji 'consequence of which, an evapora- tion resembling steam, and in eveiy variety of shape, in clonds, columns, and pyramids, may be frequently observed ascending with uncommon grandeur*T«nd magnificence from the vast surfaces of Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Superior, as from so many immense boiling caldrons. We recollect an eminent landscape-painter and designer in England, who, when about to design a landscape, was accLjtomed to seat himself in an armed chair, in the centre "' a large room, and, by meanS'.of tobacco and a pipe, seed forth co- *■ lumn after oolurnti of tobacco- smoke, in rapid succession, with a view of assisting his imagination in the combination of forme, by ndlicing the new and singular and grotesque shapes into which the smoke would embody itself.— Those artists who may require aids of this description, would do well to secure some eminence over- looking oae of the great Lalces just enumerated, wijereon to build jn observatory ; for, nothing can be more grand than the spec- tacle to which we hove alluded It is the small, and nearly stagnant, bays, and for a few yards only from the shores, where the water is shallow, that any part of the Great Lakes Isirozen in winter The earth too, is seldom fro- sen at a greater depth than from 13 to 16 inches, and the snow rarely lies in grealer depth than from 18 inches to two feet, unless where it is drifted. It is very seldom the roads aie in any perma- nent condition for the use of the Sleighisfr Carriole before the se- cond week in January, and they are again broken up towaros the endof JHarcA, a fact ivhich sufficiently indicates the duration of snow, and of sharp frosts. It is proper,».^ivever, to rtmark, that the winters of Lower Canada, (being in ccl^her latitude) are both more severe and of longer duration. Tlfere is a difference of nt least one month in the length oJ thelW^lement season at. Quebec ; and on the shores of Lake Ontario, ifnd farther westward, to the Sandwich frontier, this favourable diflferenci^is still greater. In Upper Canada a labouring man, if he chooses, can at all times work • out of doors ; but, in the Lower Province tliere are days of par- ticular severity, in the winter season, in which it would be impos- sible f6r him to pursue out doors work. There are natural phenomena in th^ climate of Canada wbich remain unaccounted for, and are suflficierilly puzzling even to th«^ roost philosophical genius. Of these, the Indian Summer, whicb MSUsii^L iiiiilWriuiY C«.«i&f :rtS%vC3 3S<«J .*U ^f IVA. vember} ^^udXht Uriian inUrvah ol fine weather} tbmughumjtie w T«' * fi m I I I' I J # winter, aftPr two or three uights of intense frost, deserve to be particularly nn-ntioMed. t km um nJ^i^ /"rf^aw Summer, as it is termed, consists of many days, (the Indians say there mw*/ be fifteen smoky days to constitute one of tb*se summers,) of delightfully mild, serene weather, with a ini!.ty, hazy afrriosphere, though (he hazo is dry and soft, appear- ng to rest chiefly on the horizon— In the evening of these days, the sun generally goes down with a crimson flush on the western Heavens, fhe general temperature of the atmosphere, during this season, IS singularly grateful to animal sensation; and, tiiose'of the teathered tribes who are directed by an infallible guide to stele other regions more to^he southward, on the approach of hoary- headed winter, avail themselves of this charming season for the prosecution of their interesting journey ; and it is at this time the rivers and lakes of Canada are covered by innumerable flocks of wild fowl of every species known to this quarter of the world, ga- thering with their families f.^r winter quarters. ^y what is termed ttrtian intervals of fine weather, through the winter season, is meant a very extraordinary and certain pheno- menon that may be relied up(»n with the same surety as the diur- nal motions of the planets. The greatest intensity of trost is al- «Mti/*remt/ifan/attheendof the/AiVdday; that is, the inliabitents ot Upper Canada never sutfer the extreme severity of their climate for more than two or three days at any one time ; being perfectly assured, on feeling any extreme degree of cold, that it will miti- gate within three days, and that several days of mild weather will succeed.— It may require several years of attentive observation to ascertain the number and duration of the intervals of mild or se- vere weather that usually occur in a Canadian winter between the 43d and 49th degrees of North Latitude ; but it would prove a sub- ject ol very inteiesling and instructive inquiry to any gentleman ot i»uffi< lent leisure to pursue it in the country. So many persons haive i»een deterred from emigrating to Cana- da thn.uf;h a false notion of its climate being frIghffuUy seveie,that it seems to be a duty incumbent on those who speak or write for the instruction of others at a distance, to endeavour to remove the erroneous impression. Those who arrive from Europe, and settte in Upper Cannda.uniformiy express their satisfaction at the change, in thto particular, at least. There is generally a clearness, dry new, and brilliancy in the atmosphere, so captivating, after tite catarr- hal moisture which saturates the air of northern Europe, (hat it is impossible for the newly inducted emigrant not to rejoice in the change— whilst the starry hosts of heaven appear with a splendor far more dazzling than anything he has before seen, and the mode J ,!'■? ''r!'."^ i" ^"'"*^'' '" carrioles or sleighs, the easiest and most delighttulin the world, gives him readv aecese in Hi^ia-t .— .a.TL-t.i- whether of business or pfeasure, , - =«. ^-.^c.=. JU iili - ttn l 'i: It may be readily supposed that in such a vast extent of conntrr cv.^ de-cr,,,.,on of soil, and rvery variety of surface, as tb mouM ains, bills, vallles, and plains, must occur. Speakine of ^e inhabited par(3 of Canada, tiie Lower Province is the most mountainous, and the UpperProvirce the most level and cham- paign ; indeed, from the dlVision line on Lake St. Francis to Sandwich, adislanceof nearly six hL-ndied m-les, noihinfir like a mountain occurs, alibougb nearly the whole eiient of country- passed throOgb, between those places, is gently undulated intb pleading h.llH fine slopes, and f«. tile vallies There is, however, a rioge of roclty and generally barren country, running norlh-east- erly, and south-westerly, tnrbugh the Newcastle and Midlan.J Dis. froinSC) to 100 miles from the northern shore of Lake Onta.io. and tlie course of the River St Lawrence ; a ridge which dvides and directs the course of innumerable streams, those on one Ide run ning tojhe nor.hward. whilst .l,ose on the other run to the routh." ward, and empty themselves into Lake Ontario or the River St Lawrence.-This ridge has an elevation of not less than 100 feet andW ^"""°' ""''^"''^ '" ^*'"^^> Lealcoppel] T Xl'^r '° ^^^ T""' ^*y'*"'^ '''« '''*"«'^ R'^'«^ which falls into Lake Huron, are Immense mouniain,, some of them of vast and unknown degrees of elevation. Many of the mountains which desmhelhegreat vallyof the St. Lawrence, are from 30O0to 40(>0 feet, above the level of the river ; and .hat part of theTa n which approaches the City of Quebec/ on the noKhernsideof the nver, IS worth> the atten.ion of geoh-gists and mineralogists t a par icular manner, from the hope there is every leasonTente" ta.ntl.at these mountains yield several rftre, and valuable kinds of earth for pigments, which ma;r hereafter become arnc^^^ff "om merce.-When in Quebec, fn the year 1816, the w Ue of Z" SM wa» shewn several fine specinJens, in thi SemTnary of thaJ (My, which bad been procured In these mountai"7no great distance from Quebec; amongst whicb may be mentioned a Ik to^^l'nfTT^ the Fanrf^i. brown of arlists ; a yeZ^J; equa^ tolhatof JVfl/?/€5; and an extraordinary fine blue of a » nt h! tween that of /n.//go and the costly Ultra marm The sJCct is" mentioned in h.s place with a view of eiciting further inq "rv and Mperiment ; because, at present, the artists and cS men of Londoa-are principally supplied with their most vaLCpIgments * Passing this ridge, towards the north, the explorer de,npnH, ^i°:^r•^^«".'^r-''-«'l«y<>freatexfent^whicI/is^^^^^^ etevaiicn. """" ""^ " '^""^^ "^" mouutainous country of still higher m m tft I I I ! i : f it ! ; ( 5! ; i ■ from Italy. -But, as the object of this Iitll* ilc.tch is to give l)« .t?«T.ger a general idea of the nature of that part of t je country in which we are wriling. we must go back o the soil of Upper Ca^d.; aL speak of l.« quality •, which, in it« wild ormu^ullivat. ediate, may be known by the species, and fine growth, of the timber with which it is covered. . , j ».• k«- ..,«u The best lauds are those which produce the /'«rd«M,mber. such a> Oak, Maple, Beech, and Elm, Back Walnut, 4:^ j^"gh Bass. Wood, when of luxuriant growth, is also an "'^''^;^7,.«^^^^^^^^ land ; and so i> Pine, wliereit is large, clean, tall, and thritly. Mar.; of the Cedar swamps, where the Cedar, are "» .y/.^f .a»d are intermingled witif Mi of la. g« grow-th, contain soil of he ricl^ est quality, and ore calculated lor the finest Hemp grounds in the ^°t'taygit*a just idea of the general "chness of tbi; soil to «tate,?h7t?ve hava frequently heard of instances ^»'-« ^Obuf H. of Wheat per acre have been produced on ^f\^'?•7•" ^^^^^'j^^ stumps (which would probably occupy one eighth *>f ^^e «orfa( e o« a fiel5) have not been eradicated; we know, '«d««/J'«f »"•»«"• stances where 60 bushels, and one in the Town ^f J o""^^' ^^^"« One Hundred Bushels of Wheat, have been obtained from a single acre • and, in the District of Newcastle, many examples may be foTnd whe'rein Wheat has been raised on the same g-""^' f"/,^ or 18 years succe'^sively, without the application of manure .— The general r^verage of the returns of Wheat «rops, however, throolhout Upper Canada, is no. probably, more than 26 bushels Tracre, owing to the space occupied by stump*, ai,d the indiffe- ?ent skill of theo.dina.y fa.mers. The winter wheats are found to be most productive, and they weigh the heaviest. Of Indim Com or Maize, f.ora 60 to 80 bushels per acre, is not an uncommon return ; and of Pumpkins, of the largest k'nds, w» have instances of more than a r which it particular list places, ferances of ) feet to the ands to the gave a dia- se are facts tive power shed by the Qeuce they wn the last WTftrk In July, has been r«»np»'d In (he second wfek of Seplembett for several y<^arf siiccessivKly, and on land ihat was deemed poor and exhausted, and a more abundant crop bos beeo seldom wit* l>e»«ed. From every observation nnd experiment (bat h"' been made, no doubt can be entertained of ihe great fertility of this happy soil, not only every v«f;etahle production which thrives in similar lali* tudes in E: rope prosper here ; but othert, which require either greMter he^tt, or greater care, are found to fuccfid in Canada, without ari^ particular attention. The finest Mihua and Cueuni' beva are brought t«» perfection in the open fields, and Tobacco if cuitltUkted with the greatest sncresa* Even the iriUi Grapes be come rlpo by the firs! or second week In Seplember ; so that there is every reason to believe', if vii>eyHrds were cultivated, the inha* bitants of this country might add a variety of choice wines to their list of articles of hoine consumption, and foreign trade. We have drank of a wine very nearly reftemblinif, and but little inferior to, that of &porio, which was made from the common wild grape of the country. It Is remarkable, tbodghont this country , that the soil and growth- of timber upon the immediate banks of the rivers and lakes is inferior to that of the country farther back ; and it appears that ail the larger rivers and lakes have a second bank at some distance behind thai which at present bounds the waters. This is even the uase with the 9t Lawrence and the Great Lukes. On another oc- eaaiou, when our limits are not so oircurascrihed as they necessa- rily ate at present, we may venture upoa an explaaatioa of. these phenomena. In alt newly discovered countries, (hat are thickly irooded, the navigable waters are the great thoreughfares along which the in- habitants must conduct their business. The first settlements are therefore formed alona; the banks of the principal rivers and lakes j •^tending backwards, enly by slow dpgrees, as the lands in front are ocedpitd. fn Canada, a remarkable exemplification of this fciud of progress has been seen. A long straggling settlement from |l4)UAd>'cd and fifty miles below Qnebee, to Sandwich, being a dis- tance of more than a thousand miles, was formed before the peo- ple ever thought of peni^^rating ii.to the iaterior far any other pur- pose than that of hunting, or baric ring with the Indians* Even «l thiii day the most remote stilled Township*, from the frontier' waters, with the exception of the road from York to Penetangui- sherte; is not moi-e than from 4(> to flO miles; It is not, thereford,^ in this country, as it is in the back prts nf (he United States, where an emigrant, purchasing land, has frequently the painful necessity of commencing his establishment it a vast distance from, liiiy neigh boun. In Canada there is abundauce of the most fet^ I im- f -Lj^mi '•iS^' , "«.f. HIel&nd-in every ▼ariety of sitiintion, in the midst of^ or ctoseTy adjoining to, active settI(F»ta<>nti<, that may t)a i)ad fium Govern* Biaiit on tbe pny ment oC the undertuQutkiaed fees, ^ ;> SHrling. Gratif. £, !2 30 €0 125 16() 175 2()0 22S. 260 275 30O Tberrovincial Govern rnent have it not in their power to grant ■tore than 1,200 Aeres to liny single ibdividual without a special order from th« ItnfMiiai Chivibrnnient ot (jfeat Britain. The above fees are payable in three eijijn} instalnaents ;' the firsty on tocat. ing the land ; the second, on the completion of the settiement du*' ♦y ; (for the peift*rmance of which a period of two yean is allow- ed.), and the third wht is without a pHblic high-way.~Oo th*»21«)iofFeb»uary, 1820^ His Excellency, the present most exemplary Lisvtevamt GovuRifoR was pteaon each U>t retjuired: The presenJ expense of mere settlement doty. "^ It rao^ becontinilaHy bt»rne in mind that we are to bekp^ po»ad^ alwaa«5«e«liiti£ of the Uooer Provinca. ^ ..#■ and; Qran ' / Iher dim fees •re ed a falls pun E of 1 him '■■..iutti - ' ii or cTosely D Govern* Skrling. BT to grunt lit a spc^uiftt The above ) on toceU lemrnt du«^ rs is ai)o\v« hvbirh Hm» beid by the r« acres on ess than 16 f each io( : inted being a without JBT !l;iceileri.cy, 'ai pteaitei^ lown with- ihe front of »flh« fiv(>«. res of what ranee U|»on {nfrit diltj. to be siij^* if hipod, anil paid for io money, is about ^25 for ev6ryliundr<;d acres. There is a line of very fine Townshipsj, b<>autifiilfy watered, miinioi; through the Newcastle and Midland Districts, now undor survey, that are to be granted on the old feh, as ordered in Conn* Git on the 5lh =«| "— has no one to blame but Uitn^if. To save trouble and eipeose to f^ ■■if- 1 I'-i .v^l .# ,.iv..,-. -■hi' h2 m- . die _po©r emigrants, who nfrive^ tbis ittuntev for th<» m»n«.i. ^f ^|Hement, Country Land Boards are estSnEd^'n it^Eei cauonfj ena these /Land Boards^e empowered to grant Tiftlti.t. Sif2, Aprif; 1820. February, The Lakb Huron purchase, , per^nnum, TK ,°' r5y2,U00 Acres, ^fi 1,200 # • ' «*; ot of 652,190 Acres, The !\IoH A WK purchase, (MidlatidDislrkiJot 27v000 Acres, 450 622, 10 600!'- Being 4,680^90 Aftres, at th*'aiiti88l charge of £a,512 1t),i which « delntycd by an apnroprJation of part oHhe amount rfcelvld for ftes on the Gnints of Laud to Emigrant*, ithie sy.tem p^ml any complaints, or even a raurmnrof any kind, from m^!^ ^ Whilst engaged rn thi»^M of1he suVjitUUaiM not beamiss to ^ije a word ortwo of advice to Eimgrants if all ll^m$Jr^ot^ whfe naaaeen a good deal of the couiitm. ^'^s***? irQ«i pn* it must always be taken for granted that whoever Jeeves Enir t^:::^^7^'?!''^'' \* "«•» experience so«Tch3 i^« h«^.?! ' ^^ '^''' " "** '^l***'"**^ effeeted than in his fell- .ings.he must auflfera temporary lacer^tSon tbit may jaund ca ev«. ry first v^ew be miy tmle of the dew countrTto w^^^^^^ «nd It is not pretended that .yen Canada Is so heavenly ala^dtl toio away at onee i«ritb all sucb views and feelings, alfhoueh tS wnterof thtsaeeoont has but littfe keslialior. in sta pftL it JE;f**?H«^f«^ b«W<»f the affection. of the new coml^ Ind llbt, If a fair comparison is made between the advantages and d?« ^^^"S!Lf *»".*»»«1 by th* varieus Colonies of S BH?l^i« I"" j'tir^ K- ••"»>»«» >YonH,. an/i ioai those things are cooUv and eandiaiy weighid, the decision must b^ in favour of SaIaj iS«*;> ■wmtr^. Wm^'ms'^m yrpqjje of Distiiet' J, fapfo? t XlokeU -If muro be Land bat he U ;iai(ctv - ui'riBj, ft S^'' ' ■■: IS ■ •■• • --':'" ' .':.-' ' ■ ;■ / fv4jfch 19 aiKlouhfedljr? one of (he most forllle and nia.?nificent re- fiuins of the Cilohe:^ peihipted Uy the 8ub|ei»8 of Creat Britain ; m tlic full |:^oss«ii9loh'of British Lawrs, and immunities; an with at . .CohstUiition-iiearly on anexact modKl With tbat of England ; but viritbbijit the v^xatkii}6 0{)^fation ofa; /y/Aesyttem/wMh scarcely any tuxes, and with many other privileg<^8 it would.be tedious to name on this oocasfoii. Ware U not "for the difference of scenery and a maa' eHsigrA feel senftit}te of «ny iinaiediate change, since he finds the Vam^iw«, manner*, cuituma, 1angu«i^e, and very often the (>aute( fpceV '^'hich he had tofineilyltnowu. Wifhftl! these superior advantages and eivjoymenta, which are such »s can be bad in no other colony?^ <»ortnii individuals may be fbtindjo undervalue thr m, and be disc<»ntentcd,but these instances serve as lessens to others. — Let uine of tbetn be iiere nauued.— A nr^n who arrived in this Province from the north of Enftland \vith a few pounds In his pocl^et sedbd on a farm bet ween York tM Lake Stai«9e ; tha industry and ecoiionry of five or six yearf, in this new eitualiop, made him coui}tarati\tely indepeoderit r^ . He had a sufficient quantity of land cleared, and a saw mill, to bring him a'handsome income : and he lived at his aase, and with plenty.— But iris th,e uaiure of man to be restless and dislsatisfied j so it was in this instance.— AM hough bte bad never injoyed so much affluence at any forme* period q( bis life, this man grew ttncajy ; he tboof^kif of England^ of his former' abodes, bis home, bisan- cieut'friends; and his recollections bekaoie iftsuppprtable j he sold bis fdrm, bis aiiil, Im slock, and once more set bis face toward* England ; — the voyags'was passed, « few hours brought him inla themidsl of the scenies of bis youth ; he again took aHTariui, stocJI- ed If, again tried the fluctuations of markets and fairs, and was m- galn bankrupt, Jatally bankrupt, fornoto there waswo^^ng left, ind this foolish man ended his days in a work, house 1 t'rightful - «** -change for the aase and lndepende«ce of a Canapiam YfOMAi ! Those who are labouring under the bitter feeKoga of expatriation should consider that the same sun, and the same moon and stars ■WhielJ shitte lan the scenes they have left behind, gladdfffl crcatk>n here j and thai \h% Ormtfuiher of €Ul, who is the saoli* yesUrdayi io day, and /or ever, is alike present every w4tere. Let the beauf lifui reply of the ImmorlaJ Howard, vr h|ch he gave to an expos- touting friend on the eve of bis departure tor thisoutheru parts of - Kussia, where be died^ -he always ia Our recollection. " Thtroad to Heiiven is quite as ihort from Cairo, ae it is from London'' f f And let them cobsiderjhemselves as the workmen employed by Orfuiip^lence to lay be foundatioB of what is-to bf cotbe bere- < sftfrra ■!»•«!« rv Efiini^.i', th wLiGh ibeir cbildi'eu's childntn are to bftveao inberrtance and a niine, and that Hliat are now the beau- ^ tHul fields and gardeas of England, ii^uce looked as n wildei$»c^s m \ i eamiimmi;mmrmmmimm»tmm-^^'^v'*mmm< ?^iKV: ^' the ^jres of- our tonhihfra. Of what vilue is jha* rtUgion , «r pkh lf>9ophy> which for ever chains its possessr^r down to pi^sent,' ai i to^alhlul, renlities? ,Let us be wise, and learri bbw to appre- ciatc those advantag;^* andblpssihgs which we actiiaUy enjoy io this our adojited country, and s»rrow, regret, and deipundiriicy will he for ever bani^W^'^|^(W|jyuiy^ B «» yiey^ ■■^. •^Kf:,' 4 casioi fat wl of the roan « a few npd fl tlii es WlJuii plain *add.o fiitho mioke aarde Wa •tttlv ▼rnce imdee is itot ; > residf e nay a t, years i ' ment in ont oloxt . tic.b own ( J even '1 * the cf V ''■ ^ by thi forth stock (*__■, f In t Wtic ■ " \ whol - fifty* All th L. V4&,in 1 ▼i»?ce idjistai s^duc iliy fc Ifho i Mta t nndv ''i f'' "-^i^niil •xper t end • ? 1 I it' r\' ■ ««« i,«rphi- ;o apjirO* ,, jiijoy to •* qaef» ' I persufip irticularf; agiii' are . (b Fife-, tbour for f wages, til which otiy cm* in tnai^, imber in He hc8 m rid ifi tit-' be otter- >e clcai^- eJci. and 'aili. 'in- it Wduid ' s, wtKa^,- . riecesfir ' be sfiiD« , taking vtngtbft ; t uppear 3e frooa^ ssity for CQiofor* le ctiuii- I in al- feiX*l» I ample. i oD the ecssitf lould be dtoaff* nlimate; >ot, and «ml«in» Hunter J. casional yisit, to sue that all are going on. well. Fie[» grow rery fat whilst running at Inr^ein the woodit, esp^dialy towards the fall of the year. All the tii^9, or as{ie88nient!<, put ttijEether, which a mnn of this description has to pay » would not anaount to more than a few shiltings^ and, as to reirnentt if i« cti^^tomarjr to grow wiiq| i|nd flax sufficient for the cloaihing of hia. family Sugar be nianufe#^ . tdies himself, so that he has dniy alitttle tea to pufcbate, should hk.' muuire, through custom, tbfi use of that Iniury Many of the peo- ,Jjleln country situalion» use the young xhoots «t the Hemlock Tr*e ; - end otheri^, herbs of the forests of agreeaGle flavour, in jieu of tea, without any had cdnsequence!*, oi-disrelisb. If he is 'a rosacea- smoker, or efiewer, he may raise as ipuohm> be pleases in bis i/Wft farden. .;•■ " /^'^r'. . , ■,' '' ■ , Wages, compared^ with what they; are in CTreat Britain, -are StHI very high in this 'onuntry •, and hitherto, in the Uf>per Proi- viiice, it has not hean difficult to procure work. In aany parte indeed, there is ^et a scarcity of labourers. It is true that money is not now plentiful; but Jliere is scarcely any thing that the older reKideots have to spare iit payment of wages that is not itseftirj nay absolutely necessary to ojiie going onto anew farm ; iwd iwf^ years being allowM hy Gbvernfnent for the performanre ol settle- ment duty, fwKicb in favoarable weather may very if ten be done in one monthy thf; poor emigrant has plenty of time fo earn a yoke eloxen^ and aeow or two, a few pigs, see^corn, and potatoes^ &Mr. i:c. besides the neoessery provisions in pork and ihcir, utitil hie own crops afe ready ; end should he not prove an expert aiemaTIi even lo hire men to do his settlement doty for him; which is often tbeease. Several iostanees have occurred where English rostics; by t}ir{uhing«lonef Cwhere every ninth or l«n^4" bushel wa* all.uwec for the labour) -tia re earned wherewithal for the cropping aoct"^ stocking th«'ir new farnfi. in eooseqaence of these advantages, there are many individuals^ pa ticulHrly in the new settlements in the district of Newcastle, wbfitoeve abundance and to spare, upon the smallest Grants, of fifty acres, after being po more than th'-ee years in the Province. \ All the poor emigrant, who arrives al Quebec or Monti'eal.hasto |!do, is to piMih tcrward as !«peedily as possible for the lUp|.er i»ro« f l^itice ; he must not sySVt 'jimselt tobe deterred by its apparent distanee, and he mus^ «t "^ «ard against ail the insinuations and seductions that will be i .1 his passage up the countiy, especi- ilty by Americans, along til 5 whole course of the St. Lawrence^ who wilt try every krt to seduce him into the Ihiited States, tet lim ever bear in mind what he may have been ..t^quently told,— end with nmch truth, that Upper Canidaisthebesti'^poor man a "eomitry in the world ;*• and It-.t him determine on miking actual eiperiinent for himself ; andt if he has onlv industrVinerseverancA an(i imegriivj we wiii not only answer for his success, hut tHatneli. tffir himietfQor children willevel beve occasiou to^^ repent Uli^ ■3 I m I" -'.-■. '<■ •boice »'rblch he hw made. Such a man mny In t short time rea- lize everjr object of a rcasoi^able ambition, and l^eepree one of the most free and independent men on earth. In many places, particularly at Port Ilopej and at Cohourg, in the District of Newcastle, preparations h.ive been mad a {or the re- l^plion of poor Emigrants by the erection of suitable buildings, and iviry facility being in readiness for securing an parly location in a desiraU's situation amongst the ne«r Town8Wj>8 bade of the Rice Lake, to which there is an excellentroad from Port Hope — This fine part of the country is principally settled by persons front Scotland und Ireland, and from the Engli-jh couutiaa of Yoriisbire and Cumberland. - The Court- Hoflse, where the Land Board for the District sits r^^ gnljirly once in every fortnight, is between the two vilUges of Co- hourg and Pert Hope, in both n( which (h«pe is a handsbmft clmrchr of the eitabtished religion, besides a SchooLhoose y and fairs are held twice a year at both pleres. There are two excellent gristr mills, one at each village ; a»)d, at Port Hope there are, besides a Sawmill, Oil mill, Fulling mill, three Breweries and DIsltlferlef, two Tanneries, a Hat manufactory; Millwrights; several excel- . lent Storas, in which every description of useful raierchandize may be had on moderate terfiis; two blacksmith's sbojis, Pot and JPearl Asheries, Cabinet- matcers, Cnrpeiitera, Masons, Coopers, Shoemalcet^, Tailors, |nd several other useful rapcbanics, Co- bouf^.and Port Hope ai^= only seven miles distant (rond each oth- er, by a good road ; and between the two another tillage, nanied Amhurst, in which the Court hou^e is situated, has been laid out by Capt. BcjtNHAKf in which are already two tavefos, several me- /cbanicft, and »ome neat housts. fe Port Hope, at which a wharf and commodious harbour on Lakt 'Ontario is now projected, U the most convenient depot for Jho Towoships in the rea> of Hope and Hamilton, and for the Upper FeriyO^^Rice Lake, and is the place where the grea^st tr^jde is carried on. Amhurst is the most convenient for the jMlddle f'erry ©n th«rHiae Lake, and for those who may have to aseend the ri- ver Ottvnibee ; Cobourg, in irhich there is also exeetiani accom- modatioiK, and several good stores, is the most conyenieiit lor the |:.->wer Ferry un the Rice Lake, and to tho«re who may have bv»i- neis in the lower parts of the Townslitp of Olonibee and Asphodel, With the new Townships in the rear, and down the River Trent. It will be seen by a reference to a Map of thli country, tbalt t!ie tillages just man limned are most advantageously situated nearly in th« centre of the north coast of Lake Ontario ;|ind it is Impossible thty can fail to b^oroe, with the gradual improvement ot the country, places of gre churchr id fairs are ellent grisir t, besides a Dislillerief) «ral «xcel> indise may 9, Pat and I, Coopersy WiUn^ Co* a each ofh« ige, natnsd pri laid out leveral mc* ur on Laka pot for the p the Dpper ^st tr«de it iddle ferry jend the ri- ml accnna* ieiit tor Ifaa have lni»i- I Ajiphudci, Br't'ratit. ry, that t!ie lo dearly in lmpr>ssil}la lent or the It ftht>i»ld ages, with 7 10 We hare been the mftre particular tn thasa remarks, because «r« «re auita satisfied that the District of Newcastle ofTers the finest field for ent^rpriae, and inarits mora attention from emigrant.', than «ny other part of Canada. Should this slight and iiasty aktlch fall into the hands of any of the poorer cla-is of emif^rants, before they can have made any settlement, it may be well to give them some idea of the eipansa thejr must be at, before they can be said to be at all comfortable in their new abode. — At the present time it will cost the emigrant pretty nearly as follows :— For building a Log-Houae, with a shade for his ) 0tt»fe!, wiiitii is here gene.aUy flim.;^ a«.a very esi.u4i*iv«. /■'I H. ' .i, ' Any ab1e-bocll*d man may earn the above amount within the two years allowed liim for the performance of settJempnt duty, and if he should choose to work himself, with his oien, in cleat iiip, sow- ine, feaclug, or in erecting the buildings, a considerable part of tnfc a- bove mentioned *um may be saved But it is now suppdsed that Ihe wan is a stranger to the sort i.f labour required, and that he has no money but what he earns in this country. The two first crops, with the iocrease of his sleek, ought to go far towards paying the whole of the above amount. , , . . » j u A friend of the Author's has published a plan in London, by which he conceives that a nuiul.«fr of those people now subsisting on parochial relief in England, may be removed to, and employed in, this country with great advantnge, V>oth to the public and themselves.*— The money required in aid of this schemw, is not to be paid to the people, but is to be laid uut witbin two years, m provisions and supplies of implements and ktock, under the dir«'c- lion of certain managers. The cleaned lands to constitute a tnort- gns;c to secure thetiayment of what is then the dtht of the cwlonwt. "During the laying out of thempn«y and the clearing of the land", some slight restrictions on the employment and alienation >»f the property will be imposed on (he owners of it; but, after ihcmpay- nrenlot the ca|>ital employed, each individual in the settlenieut wlU be free from all interference The time of so< h repayment, within ten years, will depend on the exertions of the settlais, who may receive tlwir deeds on redeeming their lands." , . , . f be projector assumes a (amily, of the description to whioli he al» ludes, to consist of five persons, and that the sum of £200, m»nBged with ordinary prudence, will enable such a family to acquire a pros- nerous settlement in Canada in tw« years, without any exposure to privations, and within ten years the money might be repaid, without inconvenience, by the family to which it was loaned. The author gives* detailed account of the expenses, with the manner in which he conceivesihe important business should be conducted, nnd sums up the total expenditure for 100 such families, thus :— For the journey ^o the coafct for 100 families, at J £2000 jG^O each family, 1st February, 1822, J For the voyage to Montreal, March 1822, For the expenses to be incurred between May and ) June, 1822, i tUmt between June and October, 1822, 8000 6000 4500 * This plai differ* from those lately suggested for diminishing the public burthens of England, as It relies for success on the per- sonal exertions of thecolduist, uncontrolled by the perpetml pre. lence of superintendajats; aad is a boon or charity is net intend* td to be given thjea. ■* dflthin the two It dfiJty, and if clt!atiiif;,80W' e part of the a- l>6sed that the ihal he has no rst crops, with ring ihe uhole 1 London, by now j>ubiiHti(»n 4tf the ifler lhevrf?(.ay- the seltlenieut j( h repayment, ie settl*5is, who to whidi he al* £200, ofUMiaged I acquire a proa- it any exposure light be repaid, vas loaned. T^ie nth the manner d be conducted, [lilies, thus :— I £2000 . 8000 I 5000 4500 for diminisbing :ce8son the per< * perpetual pre* ity is Q0t intend' 69 Item, b^l ween October, 1822, and January, 1823, 2100 //ew, between lanuary and May, 1823, . • J»00 Ittm, between May and July, 1823, . . • 1«*>0 Jiem, in July, 1824, . • . • • • ^ f £20,009 The quantity of land required for 100 families, on this plain, i« half a township, or 3 1,500 acres; which will be divided in the following proportions •. — a ' ^ For the Settlers ^S'OOO For the Managers, • °'JJ^ For thft Clergy and Schools, 4,000 For the Crown and Civil Government, . . • 4,000 For the Town Plot, to belong to the Parish and '\ ^fiOQ Managers, -^ i Rfoa For the Surveyors, . , . . i.ouw FortheParisli.advancing the Capital .... 5,000 31,500 Tbe Managers should be competent to give the settlers prnper directions for the sale of so much of their household goods as can- not usefully be carried with them ; and, for the purpose of the pre- sent sketch, the whole party will he assumed to be safely landed at Moolrpal, ill May. , ' ,* .„. , j Under favouraln)e circumstances, tbe people will be placed on their lands early in June, prepared to clear away for a spring crop. With common industry, three such pcrsens as we ought to presume- o* able settlers to be, will not find it difficult to get five acres sown in proper time in 1822 -, from which they may expect to raise about 60 bushels of wheat 80 bushels of Indian Cororwiih the usu^l qnan- lity ©f Pumpkins, rauska;Vd water melons, 100 bushels of pot a- toes, and a quantity of corn stalks and straw, with garden produc- tions ; daring the summer, before the crops are harvested, the people will be employed in preparing five acres more lor an autuuin season, and this cleared ground, with the tormer five acrea, will be ready for wheat in the first autumn, After having sent a proportion of this first crop to market, a certain quantity turned into flour, salted their pigs, and put lip a warm hovel for their cattle, they will m the winter of 1822—23 again be occupied in clearing more land for the ensuing spring. The - '•iitity which may be then prepared will be about 10 acres wL. . will be sown with oats, Indian corn, barley, pumpkins, and turnips, and planted, willi polaioes. Sftciasa t.iiU work- tbev Will «>ow the first ten acres, vMitb feeds tor Imeadow j duriog the second siiin*ner,5«creB »«):» will i>eprc- 60 ]iar«d for the lecond autumn ; and the rertral seasons will bring tii«ir own workt on the iandi* previously cleared. -Having thus, in the second autumn, 10 acres of whe: it landf and 10 acres of meadow, with additional occupations for the winter oC 1823. — 24, on this increase, they will be atile to clear fur the third spring only 5 acres more } so thnt in the third harvest of I824i such a family as we have assumed will possess 30 acres of cleared Innd, and 70 uncleared ; lO acres of the 30 will be sown with wheat, 10 with sprine crops, and 10 will be in -meadow. Their produce at the close of the third autumn, may be stated thus, at a low estimate : From 10 acres of wheat, about 250 bushels 2 ditto of oats . . . 70 ditto 2 ditto of Indian corn . . 100 ditto 2 ditto of barley ... 70 ditto 2 ditto of potatoes . . . StH) ditto' 2 ditto of turnips , . . . 200 ditto Pnmpt:ns, in nuntber about 5000, which are planted in tbt*%ii- p«rting £26 eticb ; }r of people id to be the larisb could tent should totiieiriuii " The mfans for flettlinf; three families in Upper Canada ts a§«> Slimed to br- a loan 'if £A00, to be repaid in ten years, as before stated, and this sum will be raised easily by a mortgage of (be rates under the sanction of an Act of pHrliainent — Thus the rates will 1)6 lowered forthwith to the interest of that loan ; vii^ to £30 a year from £76 ; and they will decrease continually in pioporlion as the loan shall be repaid, and as the town plot and other land ^•pportioned to the parish shall become marketable. This will be "variable in pornt of time ; and the amount of the proceeds will depend on the general prosperity of the whole settlement ; it can hardly fail of mnking a very considerable return within seven years of the colonists quitting England. According to the expenditure of Barkham, the rates for a surplus population of one hundred fa- milies H £25(K) a year. Upon this income it would be easy to bor- row .' WjOOO under the authority of an Act of Parliament. The interest on which being taken at £UK)Oa year, the parish from which the colonists could proceed, would make a present annual IBvin^of £1500. '< Smce the publication of the foregoing sketch, several indivi- duals in England, in Canada, and in Nova Scotia, otherwise wetl disposed towards the views of the writer, have objected, that *' un- der the present depressed state of agriculture, the settler will not be able to repay the capital advanced." This should not) eertainlff be a subject oi mere conjecture. In fact, it may be reduced to eaicuhition. The " York Market prices for the preceding week** are given in the Upper Canada Gazette of the 23d of May, 1822, now befofe the writer ; from which it can easily be shewn, in the article of wheat only, that there will not be any difficulty for an industrious man to raise the required instalments Suppose a farmer and his two able sons, such as the writer Has known many in the country, and who left England four years ago» nearly destitute, about to clear and to fence ofl^ for a crop, ten acres of good, heaitily timbered land, iii order to raise a small sum of money. The question will be, can they •< in the depressed state of' agriculture," product, not a surplus of corni but a sur- ' plus of money ? ■ ' . In what follows, the farmer and his sons are presumed to buy every article at the market price, and to dispose of the produce at the same ; any practical man will at once notice that, if the party were established on their farm, and living upou their own produce, as in Canada the farmers universally do, the money expenditure would not be one third of what it is here estimated at ; for itistance instead of giving five pence for a gallon of flodr, the fiirmer would send wheat to the miller, and receive in return bir proportion of flnurr toll being detained for working it The same in regard ta bis whiskey ; and with respect to bis beef and pork, he v^uld ne* ver have occassiou'to>go to the butcber, at he has bere^been mfp- 62 I i'F £2 Q 10 3 2 1 10 6 16 5 posed to d«, tnd fo forth* The first expena* \viil be for axei, about Bru^li honks ... . . ProviMon, he for seven weeks for three merit (the time required for the job in question ) and fttr one man during one we^k, which will be nectaaary in order to ' drag ' the wheat in . . . . «; « Seed wheat . . . ' . .' Provisiims, &r. during the tine they are reap* . ing the whjeat Provi^ioa for carrying the wheat •_»-.—« Ihrftshing ... Keep fur the oxen when lodging and getting in the seasons, indepRiideni of' brows*'/ a mo9t capital feed; wall known tu the ' ufter- noon ' Canadian farmer, as well as to the early st^ttler . . Taxes of all descriptions for 10 acres of land, and a yoke of oxen . . • Wear uf clothes, he. and trifling incideDtal ex- penses . . . , . Total exp«»TJse, according to the York market "Wheat off 10 acrf.s, 250 bushels, at ts. fed. per bushel, «r £5 a load . . , Clear surplus for the setl'iT . . . In the next year the expenses will be dimiutsued. Provision for a .man whilst burning the stul>- ' ble, and dm/ iring in the seed on the same 10 acres . . . 100 The oxen this ye \n keep themselves io the woods entirely) i£. ^ ey have not to \s ^rk ui the spring. £ B^ed wheat, - . . . , ' , Provision whilst reajiing, . , Ditto. ditto, carrying, . . . ^ Ditto. ditto, threshing Taxes , . . '. Wear of cljolhes, he. . . . . 1 , 1 6 2 13 17 .6 31 ^ .%m t 6. • 8. d. 2 10 16 6 1 1 ff 12 Total, supposing the oxen !• belong to the farueri . , . . . > * ■'«*■ 6 12 6 ^3 ■A- 10 IV 10 6 16 6 1 6 17 .6 6 7 6. i ods •ntirely) s. d. 2 10 16 5 1 6 1 6 :2 6 12 6 Siipposinf he bat to hirt tht oxen twenty days at28.6d. ...... 2 10 » » 2 « Wheat off ten acres, 250 bushels, at 29. 6(1. 61 5 Clear surplus for ihe settler, £22 2 If these ilmplc t'alcuIationsbe«nrt correct, they may easily be ConliHdir.led and exposed. If it should tie lhou>!;hl a high estimate, let half this surplui be taken, as nearer the probable re-oli ; «nfl it cannot then he doubted that in the course of ten year* the great innjority of the set Iftrs will be fret ficin any incnmbrnnce. Th« only objecli'in to this calculation seems to be, that *' the York market prices," may be reduced t)y the access of so many nevr growers of corn* But it is conceived that a very great falling off may be admitted without risk of destroying the pro^jectsof ihese cr)luni!ils, wh» have ten years allowed for the repayment of their debt. <' To a settlement of this description, the managers should de- vote their whole attention ; and a leader of inttlligenco woijld be amply iTmnnerjited by the share of wild lands to be apportioned to him in re-^pect of a colony of from 5(K) to 2000 families." I he necessity of a pergonal lesidence amongst the people du'-ing the time of distributing the lands, needs little Illustration, aflep the excellent example shewn by Capt Williamson, in the settlfmerit of a part of Sir W. Pultrn^^v's estate in the Genesee country, in the State of New York, a shmt notice of which desertes a place here.' Mr. Morris had bought the land at^Tpence per arre, and, in 1791 sold one mi/Zton of Hcre^ to lf^ir Wm. Tulleney alls-hilling per acre, or foril50,()0a With other finrchBses, Captain Williamson, the manager, had pnsses.Mon of l,606,t.M)0 arres of land, bounded on the north by Lake Ontario. Alter building 10 mills, with a great number of bouses, and making several hendred miles of road 80(),0tK) acres were re-sold at the price of from one to ihret dollars.per acre before the summer of 1796. The produce not'on* ly refunded the purchase money and the whole amount ef lh« o* * It Is a viery favourable evidence in support of the author's y4an, for us te state, that the prices quoted frofh the York Market in Ihe spring iif 1822, were very unusually low, and such as may be scarcely expected to recur. Tbe average {xrice of wheat for the last seven years in Upper Canaua cannot betakeq at less than four iuiiiiu^9 vurrrency per busheK €4 ther expense incurred, but also yielded a net profit of £50,00i Sterliiii;. , ... ^1 . f The /'/an here alluded to is not altogether original on the part of •ur friend B , since that famous Patriot Mr. Gourlay, projected H scheme nearly similar in thb year Jhl7 ; and it has always* been a subject of regrtt to the writer of this ikeldi, that oue ao well qualified to promote the agricultural interests, and encourage fresh aocessionsto our population, from other parts of the British Do- minions, should have intermeddled with politics ; since, on many questions ct political economy, and especially on the subject of the Poor laws of England, that eccentric Being was a perfect adept, whilst in Politics he became not merely bewildered, but aclually insane. However, as to the introduction of British Paupers into 4;he forests of Canada, no one anxious to witness the prosperity of this country can have any ol»j<;ction, at least on this side the wa- ter, if they come as well provided as our friend B— — proposes, TIE ; with £200 sterling for each family of 5 persons ; but we think the ex^tcnces are over rated, and have no doubt that such a family, (particularly where this 3{)ecies of emigration was carried on extensively; could be removed, and settled down comfortably, with hII that was necessary to preserve it from becoming any limd of burthen whatever to others, for £100 sterling *— We are qurie certain there are many persons, on whom the most peifect reliance could be placed, who-would be very glad to undertake the removal and settlement, in this tjountry, of 290 such familits for ^be sum of £20KK)e sterling. .... Whilst on this subject, it ought to be mentionedthat there is now m man in the District of I^ewcastle, who came out a little niute than than two years ago, without a single shilling in his pocket, bis health and ihe use of his hands were all his dependence. A short time since, this same n.an disposed ol a yoke of capital Oxen «nd a fine Cow which he bad earned over and above, what he re- quired upon his little farm, on which he bad besides, two e»cellei4 Cows atid a large stock of Pigs, left for store pigs and for breeding, after having packed fourteen barrels of uoik. He had al»o [mr« chased a Reserve Lot from a neighbour, on ^ybich be had sown se- veral acresof Fall Wheat ; and in the following year, (his third.) lie proposes building a good (ramed house, together with a lart-e barn. The means for accompli.ibing^all these results, so -vast for one in his original mean circumstances, have been earned in an boui^st and fair way by farming on bhaies, as it is here tbrmed,lhat * In the second tuition of " Sketches of Plans for settling In Up. per Canada, iic." the author adiiiiis ihal he had over-rattiU the tx- j;25f " Val iu ibls bouutry. of £60,(K)t n tbe part of fi, projpcied M'BVii been oue so well ouragf fresh British Do' :e, oil mmijr le sohject of erfect udept, but actually Paupers into jrbsperUy of side the wa- — proposes, [>iis ; 'bufl we I that such a WHS carried- comfortably, ing any kind tVe are qu*le ft)C( reliance tbe removal fur ^b« sum there is now a little; nutiie n his pocket, etidence. A capital Oxen B what here- wo etcelleut for breeding, lad also |rur* bad sown se- r, (his third.) with « iar^e 8, so "vast fur earned in an • ttriD«d,lhut ittling in Up* -rat( U tbe ex« is, hi! has a certain share, as may be pirevidtisly itgreed upon, cif (h« produce of a farm (whose owner cannot conveniently work it hiinr- «etf,) t«r his labour and expense in coUivating it, a practice that b cortiinoii in many parts of Canada. Here, then, is an instance «f a umn who, without frirnds, without capital, without credit, realizes what is, comparatively, a comfor- table ind«'pencieoce in three years ! Many more instancee of a similar kind might be adduce£ *>*M*M^a£iuhl atrvice. under artideSj to « 4PiiwteMi§ t >ft ^ f<0 : 66 Attorney of thw Provincfl. Regular BnrrlBteM,^howOT*r. or awf personuho has been called to practis..^t the Bar ot any of Hi. STaies"vV«iperior Courts, not having ro.^rely lo«-.a| juri*d.clion in Snd. Sland, or Ireland, or la any «f Hi^ Majesty'. Provinces iaWo"h America a producing testimonials of good character -Lndcondnct, to the saLtaclior of the Law Society of .his Pro- '"nce^may be called by the said Law SocjHy to the degree ol a Zriirr upon his enteHng hims^lfof Ihe .aid Soc.c.y, and coa- forming to all the rules and reguiations thsre.jf ^^ There are several op*.«iugsio country sHnat.ons, i« d.fn.rent Dartsof the Province, where skilful Medical Men are much want- ed andl" which .h^; could .carcHy fail to r.al.^e h-nd.omo rtronertics • hut tlie lAbonr in sucli situations is severe. A Mtdteal C% is L'taMished at York to ..amine ail candidates ^ho have not trradaated in the regular manner at some emiuent BiitMb, or toStmven^^^^ ; and no prntender to knowledge in ih.s .mpor- 4nt profession is allowed to practise here without having previous, ly satisfied the Board of his ability, and obtaining a bcenee lor ^^'Kll^lSession*! men, or those of the middle rar^ks of Sorle- ty who arenot poss.-!»ed of much wealth, there are none t^>whoro go many advflntages are oflWed in tliia country, as to the H(^ff(f 'OMctrtoi the British Army ar.d Navy. 'iheyimomnmntediatelH inidependent. Entitled by the regulations r^f (loverrvment Jo re- ^eivefrom 600 to 12t»0 acres of land, according to their r«nk,trora an Eft3ign to a Coldtrel, if in the Army ; and, tj;om a Midsbipiniin wua inc CountnVi v.r>i. ..*...-.., — - -— ^> Day, drawn at sWIed intervals, gives them an advan>age possessed by very few in this country.— Their BIHs almost always bear a premium ol from 6 to 10 per cent, this, with the difference of Currency, and the etftainiy that One Hundred Pounds, will go taTtber in the purchase of aU the little luxuries for the table, and for the conveniences of life, than Two Hundred Founds will ob- tain in England ; liesides the almost total freedom from Taxes, As- ses-ments, and many other expenses that must be incurred by Gentlemen of lliis class in Great Britain, altogether give them n- Iraordinary advantfiges y and we have oOen thought, that i,n no o- ther part of theGk)bP coold they settle down so advantageously as in this Province, Besides, by their attainments, and rank in Hfe, tfaey are immediately eligible for many honorable stations and empioymihts, which addlo their influence and conBrquenco, if ntJio thair wealth ; and sqch G^ntleAieo will have the additional aatisfaclion of finding much of that kind of society to which they ■ississ-iiitan --rusfQHiedi !D almQSt every pari of the Pj'ovince. fur 4here are now but few of the settltid'Townshrpi in which there af« not some baltjay ofEcers, either of th« Army or Navjr. ver, or «iiy ftiiy of Hi» ibdictiuii in 5 Provinces I character if ibis Pro- If^grce i>f a y, and con- in dlfftrent iiuch want- htfud^omo A Mtdie4tl who h:ive Bitti'b, or ibis tmpor- ig |tr6viouB- \ licenee tor £8of Sorle- He towlioro lie Half l^ay immediately aieiit lo re* r r«nk, from !Vlidsbipin#n irtely wurih on a fooling 1st their hnH ge possessed , vays bear a differf nee of mds, will go e (able, and mU9 will ob- m Ta&es, As- incurred bjf iv« them t>x< that in no o- i^anlageoasly and rank in stations and )S«'<|aence, if lie adfiitinnal t> which tbef 'fovificet fur ich there are m T^Tfe p«it»mcrrn*^gJer( saying any »Mn?r of Merchant. ^dJraJes. m«n,^beJause if any su.h P'^'■*o«^,*•"^bar|c *p.r. « ^ e/i/ m^ conn4ry without heinpprevio.*^ y ^velUcMUHmted « ub .t, and the mode nf fran^actinir In sinftss, t will be undaiibtfdly to their s«» rrec«[,S^s^Mea.««ic. of almost every Uescr.pt.on are certain to do well, if honest, sober, and industrious. K if e .In capi alist of from £60^0 to £20,000, and "Pwards. the M^'l't i' o^ned in Upper Canada is fr"!^;/^^^^^^ dazzling!! But it .s such a subject .that •t'^djtijcu tokno.v^xNhe*e tobe,,i and, still more so, where to stop "«"^,^«;^ „^" j^^.^tTo vftr«.wilHn<^ to open the stores of our budget in thif particular to tlH,^wbltvorld^ fortirerthan ^7 «ouchi.vg ^-e,a^^^^^^^ those .uUjeeta to which such » •''«Ht««»^t^f '""'^^^'^^^J',? «Xn tion, and bv earni»«l!y reqHestlng \um '' ^«f^'^* «"t*^,'' tj^ft" we promise him he shall know more. Capital a^*^"® '^^^^ '^^^^^^^ place Canada In the rank which her f »»?' ^'^'^^^^/t tUS 'entitle her to maintain in Jhe^cale of "«»'" » J. ^"^' fJ^e ain A^^ «f r«i.f RiitaJn -and we would venture to insure a cenam y..r»! Itc«nnolbe e.peoled we should stale Ihe mode ol pre 'ISr-s'^r^rdt? in k„.wing .he .,i,m of .I.e .taes, ^^^^^^^^^^ beLg' hi. ./.aU. .^va„,a,e o. ^--XS' -"•J.^l'-^.K: capital, and wishes to »"«'^'»^«."';,f;,j,HVP excelled in this par- «ftw,«« •» r«npr»l Washington is said to nave cxcencu lu i" «- » all classes in the United States "^ Atner^^- ^ ^ , The buying and selling, Iheparcdl,^^^^^^ eating land, may be cot f d lie ^K^„V",wgj.te are mcst deeply and thatin which bot»i '''f ■^^"^iV^"!, .'^s, jJlV fh ..?, depend, concerned Much therefore, "^/'/'"If ' an WIe and absi< d o- upon the way in which 'l'^'^'""^".^-^*,^,';^;^' uh.n carried pinion thaHandj.^U>ng IS. n^^^^^^ happen to any on extensively It »^ ^"5 *^- l!;^ ''.,«. life spirit, and enferpriw, young district, or territory J'^'Xlecomr a stagnant, >utrid ind converts what would ''^^'''W se ».ecome a ^ pov^er to' ma-sh. into a living f.nnta.n *>f « ", '«^,f I^^s ^'^^^, ^ e pei-ially Einpire. The whole In.tmy of the Unu^dhta^e^^ ,[„, State . tbeUcnuntj^ the settleuij^t o «h «^-^^^^^^^^^ ^^^, .^^ ^„,,,;,g cf New York,^t« which ^« ^^^" ^;^^%,^ ,im,s are very favour^ iUnslrations of this ^''g'i'"*'";, .^^^^V'^f Ta d in Upper I. ai.ada j*- aWe for making e^ttfii^we !*'^''f f*^' " : 'ri„ h^ valne ol all kinds 4U- .,.-.£* o«mffto thai general dep.«>sieen considered-tardy in compa- rison with that of tiie United States, ir?^ Hd»anc«raent has been na- .•uralj wbole8omf,,arKirpg»ilarly progit>»^ive. The usual moiie o( se'tiug apan ihe Crown and Clergy Reserves in Upper Canada, is cert«ioly very ntiuch against (hose Capitalists Hbo may wish lo erulmrk in andertftlcings of this kind, and even gainst others who may desire to seule down together, and form a tittle community of their own. but it Is prohabh the Provincial Government might be indued to vary from the cnmmon practice of alloltiug Reserves, on being convinced' that it wotild be pro^ ductivaof pntiiic and private advantage, to any material extent, ic any particular vicinity. Somefimesan entire i'ownship is offerpd for sale, as is the case at present, in the District of Nnvcastle, in that of Seymour, through whrich 1 be River Tf«fnt. one of th»ftnesi streams in the Province, and abounding with Mill seats, runs in its ocurse fr»m the Rica Lake to the Bay of Qtiiute, on Lake Oniarlo. This Township is admirably calcuhtfd for the formation of a beautiful and rick settlement; itUIn t4>e^^immfdiate n«»iKhbourbo*d of the Marmormy Jron^WorkSi andsurroundedon aU sid^s by thriving settlements ; this tract af land, a gr^alpart of wblibis of the first quality, may now b» purchased at a price, and on terms, that would insure^ a. noble fortune to a Capitalist of sufficient means locarryihe proper plan of settlement, and resale, into foil fir«icl. In this Township there are about 47,01K> acres, eidiislvoOf RftP serves. 1 here are aFso the following additional tracts, now acb Vferiised for sale, on very. liberal terms, viz:— Blandford, about Houghton, — MidtUelon, - - SouthwoUi, Ydrmotiih, Wesiminsttr — Skeffidd, 20,000 19000 34,000 17,000 11,90$. 9,237 56,688 Aeru. J|jPwfto& of which, together with Seymour, are aoDroDriated for the endowment of a College in this Province •PP^^.P"*^** But tliere is scarcely B|y part of the Province wKere a man' «£ au.fsment and with the Iheressary funds, might not lav out his ma«ey with a certainty of enormous advantag " As we^faaia be^ ^!^!^^ J* :rf »'f ««rbe quite proper to ^ iJ^Z^"^ mVii^'orrr.uiia'V^,i».uV° •"""'" "•" "J»'Cfd to bail the arrival oL mee-ot capital m this I»roTmc«,aot worely for their own sake^ I oBtry. Tlie tite thftt j^iK- lUst rpetdily never been f\i\ coropa- las been na* %-y Reserves i CRpitalists d, and even , and form ; Provincial itm pi-aclictt :>uld be pro* erral extenti s is the case yur through e Province, i*m the Ric« I'ownship is il and rich ic MarmQray, ettlem«nt»y I'liality, mfcy lid inflor^a- yihe |>roper iisiTe f IW \\s, now ad»< lens. ippfatpriated' e a mM of lay out his we bnva he* 'hiailoti an he arriVai ot r dwQ sakeju. 09 but for the general geod of the country, which would naturally grov» m wealth and power, in the same ratie with the suecess oi private individuals. . To those whti might wishto embark in a commerce of raw mate* * rial, or in iheentensive manufacture of staple articles of home con- sumption, there is here also a'fioe field for enterprise ', since there ere none of those restrictiens which gave so muih urabragelnthe (/ni/edS/a/M before their separation^ from the British Crown, and Which were so much dwelt uf)«n by the famous Dn Price, m his WMrk on Cm/ /i6«r/^, as being a just cause of discontent end re- monstrance. Of the precious and valuable metals Government reserves Gold and Silveri only. Grantees are put into the full, free, and uncontrolled possession of alltbe Copper^ Letid, Iron, Ttrtt or other metallic^ or minerxti substances which may be found on their laild% together with Coai, and^all ether substances wb«tever; and the more this country b searched, by men properly qualified, the richer it will be found in valuable mineral productions. The history of the Establishment ef the Marmora iron Work9, now the property of the enterprising & patriotic ( harlks Hayks, Esquire, is alone sufficient t6;»hew the liberality of coarse w«ollenv eloth is on^e of the most considerable. In the narrow District ot ^•kMri «ll.«i I<.nA'fM.>^ate O in 9lWt •■>fi>Maa apa. snnuaUv mede: and, thr«ogh» out the cs ra^iidl^ increasing. 70 Sl»u^'* * serioiig and alarming Mtent, of a people who are alvr«7s^ ,Hvals a.id sometimes enctnies. At one peiihd, diiriuij the ll^ and even now it ,g frequently 5, «, & 7^ pei J>ar.et :n siio«tioi s CM for txpoHlation, also, the eslablish/nent vf PapuMuu (whi,h ^oiMC* ; i\;«cr»€* ; and a Manufactory of Coi^sse Paint All pro- mise, abundant return? for the outlay yf capital ; and, to be of Ibe most beneficial conseouences to the countrir. ^ Nature has dcslgoea tbU country to become rich, not merely fcy hep agricultural, but also in ber <;ommciylaladvantaK«-5 :for ni country m the world is po.§se§,^ed of so many public hiJhw&V8 hv water communication, as Upper Canada The rivers Ja <;/uiItrV inay be coB,^ari;d lathe arteries and vnns of the hunSli body, ai being alike he channels for commoaiculing, health', and visoup, *»»J hfe, betw een the respective parts. • » ; .Th« nivtr St. Lawrewce, which we shall here consider as aris- ing troTO the (iieat and JVIagnificent Basin of Lake Superior. fmopathan 1500 miles in circurafereuce,) has a cou.se to the sea of pearly 3000 miles, varying from 1 to 90 miles in width, of which dntance. iJtclud.ng the Lakes ONtARio, Ekie, and Huron, it is navigable foi? ships of the largest cla,ss, very nearly 2000 miles, and the remaioder of .he distance is navigable for.bargcs. batteaur and vessels drawing little water, of from 10 to 15, and JlTm Ipm burthen . Into this great nr(erj/, as it Were, of the finest part oi the coumryi fait many other nVers of such exteni as would be esteemed waters of great mai^unudeand of the highest imooitanc© in any other coimlty. . ® F""»«»«'« Some of these Rivers are the outlets of regions of vast extent which are watered by a countless, number of Lakes and minor streams. Of these the Sa^uenai/, which falls into the St. Lawrence below Q'lehen; and the Ottawa, or Grand Rivep, whose emboa. chure ,. divided into two brauches by the Wand of Montreal; and lbe_l rent, or River Otonibee, which is the outlet of a long chain whi^rfif '" ;'^« ""'•»ji^^*'«t c«*wifX towards Lake Huron, and whjch Jills into Lake Ontario near Kiagston, are the «o.tcJi,sJd. B.itit wnuTd^hpirapos4bieinasketch like this to mention or descril^ B fikieth part of the Lakes and rivers which open and fer- ■M). _:^TheBayof Qnlnteis, inl-act, rather the mquth of the Rivef /Trent, or Otoa.bee. than a Bay of Lake Ontario ; as there is not oii*y a perceptible current di,w« Us ceBlre— hnt it ha» «« fuA- --^ r.'r"s"ihe »";;;";g^- ■ *"^ """^ ""''• """' " «">^ " «bi"i» t>are alvrrtys- •>g the iHit' ). per-bushtl, n tii(utitioi)$, 'Mire of Tur ries; Gims' i/. ■ All pro- to lie of tbe not ajerely igt'5 ; for tio igliw&yfi, by %) bndy, 04 Hid vigour, ider a» aris* Superior, to the 6*>« b, of which URON, it is !l)00 iDilws, 9. t>atleaux, •d ev«u 60 ! finest part ! would be mpoitance ast extent '••d, ruinor Lawi-ence so ecnboa* treal ; and ong chain uron, and ittCoDsid- lention or n and fer> he Rive? Pie i» not »twbali» n 1 tUfee the extensive rfeion of Upper Canada.' No one who looks at any exhling map of the Province can form any idea either of tU« ir ouoibecor uiHgnitude, Such a detail must be reserved for «• nother occasion, and for a larger work. The principal new Seltlements that have been formed, are the Perth, on (he waters of the Rideau, in the Distrfcf of Bathurpt ;Hi« Rice Lake Selllemrnt in the District of Newcastle ; and the Tal- bot Settlemei.t, in the London District. But, during: the adminiK- trationofthe present Lieutenant Gevernor, neatly fitly new Town- Bhips, avera{»ing upward" of sixty thousand acreseach, have bfe«« surveyed within a space of five years, and tbtre are very few of -these wiihoui sopu liihat.itants. The population of Canada}.-* io- ereasina: with ureal rapidity. Including th«]Vii|it»»ry, and als' made for Lower Canada whi«h. ff i?;d'r"':'l^L"L*« ^ "'^'^^. moderaie io calculating the rountl ti.Vil noi...Ti,rV* .•jf""."*^'-' r "til, bel!6Vjug our present estimate tl !i. .^ * truth, we shall await a mote pevfe^nreitrttt »ef(*fC *we Alurr.the aiflounl her© calculat«d, , >.i iv«ii,w*v«« Wr fim. m ln< 72 ft* las! «rar with the United States having given thrm immoi'tfl honoar their spii it Is of s« high and cotiddant a character, that it will be «xtieBiely difficult for any foritign eneAQy to subdup it. — It is ntt longer a problem whether the Canadas will prove an easy conquest 4o the United Statesef Armerica. One Hundred and Fif- ty Thousand Caifadian WtliHa, (which both Provinces have now at e«mtnand) as well disposed as they certainly are, with the troops . of Provincial Cavalry and Riflemen which have been voluntarily raised) under the orders of an able General, from the nature nftbo ^■Odomry may bid dufiance to any number that may he brought against th«m:i*And here we purposely say nothing of His Majes- ty's Regular Troops, and the aid to ba derived from the Indians. The Abbe du Pradt was never more mistaken than in his as- Mrtion, at p. 479. of his famous work on th« Colonies, wherejie savs, in his usual pompous and conceited phraseology —"Acadia and Canada will have ceased to belong to England on the day that the United States will be able to establish an army of 50,000 men. ' Thit experiment has been tried ; even whilst the Canadian Her- » -fii f^rt actual service, to ace.omplisn - Zf^im^^i^^ctr^^^^ vli^rce wo'ild always ej.able him to '*^i»« his pUiim. It U Uid^d worthy of re^p^k how few rowi. •). ;;i 73 immoi'fA racier, that ibdup l( — ive an easy d and Fif* have now I the troops , irulunterily lure tif tbft e brought His Majes* Indians. I in bis as* , where he -^<( Acadia be day that 1,060 men." ladian Her- liope it will maturity •£ gerous and reasoning.- tpecially ia pe of draw* le «s9|iriioa siti^nt With »y foimerly ne circum- se (hat they wedes were dilTerence, istance ^f a riiled Stales a thousand very impor- )ne like Ca- rat bounda* juiref only a the number btened in a sorisuiue the tiimous Gus- not desire a Bct^mpiish ible iiiib to W few raeOf €t)Rip%rativeIy, were actually engaged in all tb« most memortVIe battles, both of ancient and niodern times But to returo, M. dii Pradt never reflected that, unlike Guieooe or Normandy, or Fin- land, the Canfldas weredeitined to becotne in a few years a mnlch single banded, against any neighb<;wring foe; and of this fact tbers cannot now ba much doubt, whilst nothirrg could be more Ereposleraas than te suppctsc tbe two Prnncb provinces which ave been named were a match for alt France; or, that Finland was capable of defending itself against the enormous power bftbe Russian Autocrat. £nougb, bowevefi has been said on this sub* ject here. ■'i;'/,/ '-■■■; /^". ■2' '"•' ' ■'■■■'■ The eiports of Canada «re already ennsidernble ; "and, from the encotipageraent heldtorlh by the " Trade JtcV* passed during the Jast Session of tbe Imperial Parliament, in favour of this county, it is but reasonable to expect they will be greatly increased in a »hqrt time. Since the last war wif b the United States tbe exports from tbe two Provinces have averaged (including Furs and Pel- try*) about £1500,000, and from 600 to 700 ships are now em* f loyed every year in the forelgu and coasting trade, thetonnuge employed during the present year (1822) by the Cu^um House ♦eturns at Quebec, is^o less than £ 146,942 ! - ■ . - The prices of Provisions in the Upper Province are at breiseflt < 1823) still rather lowr. In the York Market, Beef 2d.-Muttmi M. to 44 -Veal 3d. to 8 1 2,-Pork 2d.-Turkeys 2. 6d -Geese Is. 40d. 12 to 2f.. 6d.-Ducks^s. lOd. 1 2 per pair. -Fowls Is. 8d. per -fmir.-Bulter 7d. 1 2-^gg8 3d. 1-2 to 6d.-^Fioe Flour A$ to fl^ per Barrel.— Salmon of 16 to W lb. wt. about Is. 3d. each,-abundanoe *of other £fth cheap. Many of what, insome coantries, may be called luxuries can be had here in their proffer season, at very moderate price, such ea Oysters, Cod fish. Venison, and GaDne In abundance. The domestic animals of Canada admit of great improvement, and it is strongly recommended, from the succes* of some experi- ments which have been already made, to attend to this improv^H ment rather by judicious selection and crossing, than by import* jng fine breeds trom the too highly refined stock of England ; ex- cepting only a few Stallions of the large improved Cuach, f.r Cart Horses of England, which are much wanted to give weight and £r)we«' to thespindleshanked, flimsey, horses imported into the rpper Province from the United States ; and, to give sieeto the •tiij;ht, compact, hardy, iuviiioible, little horse of the Lower Pro- vince. * These valuable product* to a very large amount are ann 'nlly |e?»rried into the United States, from various pprts of Upper Cana- da, in a way that i»^ unknown at M'Mitreal or Quebec, and conse- -jyoeniiy do not appear In the Custom Hc^se Books there. i.f ,<« T4 It has often been «Bserted that the pony of ^Vales, and (be Gal- lawoj «f Scotland, are 8a|>erior, for tbeir siae to any other hordes hrihe world But the writer ol this article has ni> doubt (tiai horse* emu be found in Montreal and Quebec of 14 hands h'tj^h, and under, that tor dr«wii»j(;, or canying heavy weights, and for bo(ti«ip,and sheer hardihood, would (ar surpass the horsesof any otht-r country, not even excepting anv part of Great Britain, so justly renowned for the excellence of it's Ponies as well as for the matchless charac- ter of its Hunters and Race Horses ;— since the Tittle h«»r8e» of Lower Canada are every day performing what would be d^-emed great exploits were they recorded in the Sportsman's Magazine — But excellen t as these- horses are, their inferior size renders them mifit for many purposes of draught. The horned cattle of this country merely want goad wintering, and more attention, than Is now gentrallv paid, •to » judicious cross in breeding, lo l>e every thing that n farmer could desire. Sheep are f»»r the greater part, imported from the United States, and have more or less of the ' Mefino • In th«ir breed ; too much so,^n our opinion, to be so prufitable in this climate, and with the careless management they receive, as they may be. It is thought that the improved 'Cheviot', whose fleece is weighty, and pbssesses A King staple, might be introduced into Carmda with great succesn, and it is well worth while to make the experiisent. — ^II is to be la- mented that the different breeds of sheep are not more generally cultivated than they are in Canada, as \h$ climate is very lavorable to the growth of wool, which might hereafter become a valuable article of ex|iort. There are those who wish for an importation of the largest breed of Englis^h Hogs, to give weight to those, of Ihi.s conntry, as ^ell a? to render them of a more 'kindly nature,' as a breeder would term it. But, there is not the smallest doubt that a skilful and at- tentire farmer, whais k good manager, may have a breed of Hoge. without leaving Canada, equal to every thing that he may desire. Hogs which arrive at the weight ofSOt) lbs are surely heavy enough for nrdiaary consumption, and we hare frequently known instan- ces of their arriving at such a weight in Canada, without any par- ticular attention boiof! paid. " So much has now been said dn subjects (hat may be deemed, in generni, foreign t« a publication of this nature, that the writer is «• fraid of enlarging his sketch until he knows how far it may prove acceptable to the public. Should he have the happiness to find 4ji3 plan apijroved. he will undertake to work up, by degrees, what is now nothing rnOre than a rcugh outline, very hastily sketched* iota a more finished pictutre, for the succeeding vnlumes of this work, which he is desirous of rendering as u«eful a companion ns 4o visit, as .w«li as to those who reside, in thisJ^rovinoe. I Ibe Gal- i«r hordes liat liorsei lid uiideri (toiD,and icouiilry, rei)OU'ii«(i IS rharaC' horiea of e deemed igazitif? — jers tbem wintering, judkious dtfitire. ttid StatPSi too much d with the is thought i possesses at success, is to be ia* > eeotrtiWf f favorable a vatnable he largest jonntry, as pder would fill and at- id of Hogs, nay desire, kvy enough »\vD instan- ut any par- deemed, in writer 18 a • may prove ess to find ^rees, what r 9i(e(ched» me!» of this rapaninn us ntnV intAnil 73 Before he concludes, however, as a great deal ha? been said, of late, in dinparagemeni of the plan, adopted by tJoveromeni, which grants no more than 60 Acres, without the payment of Fee'*, mmerce, wbicb do not act immediately upon the agriculture of a country, are m the power of foreign nations, who may either dispute these advantages through emulation, or deprive the country of thum through envy. This may be done either by establishing the same branch of indus- try among themselves, or by suppressing the exportation of their own unwrought mate»ials, or the importation of those materials in- manufacture. But a state well manured, and well cultivated, pro- duces men by the fruits of the earth, and riches by those men.— This is not thftleeth which the drapon sowrto bung forth soldiers to destroy each other ; it is the milk of Juno, which peoples lb* heavens with an innumerable multitude of stars." ^ YORK, U. C. ) December 1st. 1823 $ I *See Raynai.. f And the ditference io the yalue of money from iuat iiiwe to iLo present 1.) no ttifie ! H«, TABLES OF THE ANCIENT KINGS^ I , ■■ ■ - t AND or THE PRESENT ROYAL FJMILX OF ENGLAND. Vrr-H AN IirTROMJCTORT VIIW 0» IT» flOTimillBT, TROll tHE INVASION OF JULIUS CiE3AR, riFTT FIVK rEARS BXroRS OHftllT, TO THE ARRIVAL OF THE SAXONS, A. D. 44di JiLSO, A TABLE OP THE SOrERElGNS OF EUROPBy AND A LIST OF THE BRITISH MINISTRY, WITH A CONCISE ACC<*UNT . • or THEIR VARIOiJS DUTIES AND FJUVIlEOES^i s^ IILt TROM 4#i P«. A 1 m A BKIEF TIEW OF THE GOVERNMENT OF BRTTAm •VBIRO THE PERIOD IN WHICH IT RANKED AS A PROVINCE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE, FROM THE INVASION OF JULIUS CiESAR, " FlFT.y-FIVE YEARS BEFORE «HRIST, TO THE ARRIVAL OF THE SAXONS, A. D. 449. SKETCHED EXPRESSLY FOB THIS WORK, BV CHARLES FOTHEUGILL. We agree with the learned Borlase, wh© has adduced un- questionable evidence of the fact, that the large and beautiful 1%- land of Great Britain, the most renowned in the world, was kuown to, and partially settled by, the Phoenicians at a very early period, even when the greatest part of Europe remained an unexplored wilderness, rude and wild as the remot^'st fastness of America- It was Inhabited for mnny ages ; and, as Dr. HaNRV observes, was the scene of many wars, revolutions, and other Important events, before it was invaded by the Romans under Jplids Casar in the year, before Christ, 65. ^ :% u. e But it is net our purpose to plunge into the gioom and doubt ot so remote an antiquity —We have no desire, especially in this place, to peer and pry intothe darkness of unwritten History, or to gaze on the creations of fancy, when uniropeaohable records, and substantial forms, are near. . t r^ From the retreat of Julius CiESAR, to the invasion of Claw* Diqs, a period of nintty seven years, but little is known of the Mo- Dai*chs,JPrinces or Chiefs of the Island— Neither Augustus, Tibe- RIDS, nor Caligula, (althAugh the latter Emperor bad collected an army of no Jess than 200,000 men on the opposite coast of Qaul) attempted the invasion. At the period of the invasion of Clau»iw8, we hear much ot CAkACTACVS, a native Printje, who seems to have been worthy of the tawie which has been bestowed upon him by every historian of that age ; and, after him, the renowned Boadicia, Queen of the Iceniy* who was at one time, and in one engagement, at the bead of 280,000 mea.— From the defeat of this immense army to a^The Icem inhabited the Countiea of Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridge, nd Huntiogdon > .wm^m^ 'Am NCK or TB» ^R, 449. VI iddueed un* beautiful FS" I, WHS kuown early period, II onexplnred F America. — tbserves, was irtant events, C£SAn in tba and doubt of cially in (his J History, or able records, lion of Cla»* n of the Mo- GUSTUS, TiBIE* iiad collected o«Ue coast of bear much of Ren worthy of very historian CIA, Queen of ;ement, at the nense army to k, Cambridge } r9 A V. 20T4he southern-parts of Britain were chiefly under the ruto of Governors sent thither from Rome ; amongst whom, Agri- cola was Uie best, and the most famous :— he n»t only defeated the Caledoniam In many battlfts, but was the first who circumna* vigated the island, and d^tern)ined its entitle coaet. It was in the year 507 that the emperor Skverus arrived in En- gland, where he remained lor four years, and built the stupen* dous wall, from sea to sea, across the island towards the north, w hich bears his name : — it wasforthe purpose of checking, if not to prevent, the inroads of the Scots ; and vestiges of the vast undertaking may stilfbe traced,— Sewenw died in the city of Y<>rk, on the 4ih of Fcli 211, and three immense Tumuli, called iieve» rus's Hills, which were raised by his army, remain as an impe< rishable monument, within a mile and a half of the city walls, to thi^ day.* After the departure, from Britain, of the two new Eraperori, Caracalla and Geta to the accession of Dioclksian in 284, th0 Government remained in the hands ot a regular auccesoion of Roman Vicegerents, though but little is known of that long and d'^ik period of our history. It was about thiti«time thai the FrflnAr»and Saxnns began to figurt q;i the stage of politics, and of wni , acting chiefly as pirates. We hh&r of cunaiderable numbers of these people distinguishing them- selves under Jileciut, in bis opposition to CoI?«'rA^TIU3, when London was furlunately preserved from utter destruction, in the year 296, C<:i(i)TAi«TiME (he GretU, began his reign and splendid career at York, A. D 3(16. His mother Helen; M said to have been A daughter of Coil, one of (he uativeKings of Britain. — Many havia affirmed that this Emperor was* born in the islai)d,f and bis warmt-st panegyrist e»«laims, with much energy, ** fortunate Britain ! more happy than all other landif/prthqu hast first beheld Constanline Caesar ! " .%,v Atterthe death of this grSat Prince, the'gbvernment ©f Britain fell to his eldest son, who was likewise named Ctnstantmtt and who was slain in the year 340. Giatianus Fiinariiis, the father of Fa^enh'm'ctn, appears as the Roman Governor of Britain, underthe Emperor Constantius in 354. — rn-i — ^-f—^—^— . ■■.- ■ - ■■■— ..i-.^ I .1.111, M I I, I 1 1 ■ 11 !■ ■ ■■ ■ . — II , . .ii M— ^— * * There is a tradition amongst the country people of that part of Yorkshire, which the writer of this sketch haa often heard, still remaining, which affirms that these hills were raised by earth car- ried from a hollow, (in which a village called Hole gate now aiHi\6~y)in the hetmettof the whole Roman Jrmy !—'i'viro of these Hills or Tumuli, arenot less than IdO feet high, with prppop- ttonal base- ! ! * .. J;' t Firfd to 381, wh^n he KMsiimed tiie PuvpU. the Emperor Maxiinu<«, who bsd married the ' daughter (•( a BiitWti I'riuce, h» Id the goveiTimeiil. Butb i'btso- dosius and Mnxiirfiis were very much beloved by the people. From the dale «.f 3^3 to 412 we hear of (!h ysantus. and Vic* torinui a« th«* mititary repre-entatives of imperial Rome-, audi from 418 ti»421 we find Galiio. a g4>i»eral of great ability, acting 8!! giivernor --4 terwards to the-arriv«) of the Saxons in 449- be- . gaii the m ist disa'tr(>u<« awd. melancholy period in the whole his* tory of our fcOUMtry, harrasAed by.incessant altaf^s from the ma- rauding Scots, at'id the yet more barbarous Picte, she became the prey of horde aft<»r horde of lawless savages from the north, till she bad little left for the breeriitest v.agal)OHd.stOf4>lunder. During this unhappy period, tbe Britons appear to bavf been without either order, law, government, orR4iy chiefs worthy of the name; all was confusion, famine, pestiietice, rapine, and plunder. The Rmman bad turned pole, and his eih(>ire, and name, •nd greatness, w«re tottering betme the threats, and actually f&lU ing before the power, of the terrible ATTILA 1 OFFICERS OF THE BRTVISH OdrERNMENT* WHILST UNDER THE DOMINION OF ROMAN EMPERORS. That the reader may form some distinct idea of the state of Ihe country atid its government, in the early part of its history, we here s^ J •IV" r SI 76 Theodoaiui n he assumed married tiie , Butb rhuo- (liP people. niU9. and Vic- i Rome V aud, ability, acting; OTI8 in 449. be- he whole his- J from the ma- jhe became the I the nortb, till J under, to bav^ been \t\e(n worthy of e, rapine, and tire, and name, d Actually (iAU mNMENT* ^SWEROAS. >f the state of of its hiffory, cm the . Xfotitia egerent of Bri- calledt li«d nposed in (bk )f the Du<;eniH fied by consu* ppnrftted bodies A Principal Clerk,' or Seorefary, Two f hiet AccoiintHnl«, or Auditors, t A VIa>.terol the Prisons, A Notary, A Ser.retHry for despatches, - An Assistant, or Surrogate, Utider Assistants, ^ Clmkg for Appeaff. Seijeaftts, and other inferior Officers, There were also ./Vine Militari/ siaiions, with tTie necesgary of- Tu' o"'^'''' ^^^ command ot U.e Count of the Saxon Shore. Ihe Count of Britain had also a court, comprised after the man- ner w-e have mentioned, witfi the addition of a R^.gisler. Under the Government o( the honoHrable the Duke oi Britain, were the Prefects, vis .- — -Prefect of the Sixth Legion Prefect of the Scouts Directores Defen^iores Solenstrs Paceiises Lungovicarii Dervetilioneuses Dalmatian Horse Crjgpian Horse — — Cuirasiiiers ■ B'lrcarii Tigresienses — — Nervil Dictenses Watrhmeo Also, alone: the line of the fValL The Tribune of (he 4th Cohort a Cohort of Carnovii 1st Cohort of Frixagi f .u ^.L « . . *^* Cohort of «atavi, and Tuneri, and ot the 4th Cohort of Gauls, and the 2d of Dalmatiam, Dacians. Moors, ■'^panmrds, and many others. He had aJso a body of men in armour ; and in his court was a pririGipal otficerfrowi the qourts ol the (^»iierals of the Soldiers in ordmary attendance, who was changed yearly. OF THE SAXON HEPTARCHY. Upon the establishment of the Saxom und Jfngtes, in South Bri- tai.1 after theyear460, the whole ..f that part of tIfcMand waf divided info the sevenfoHouJng Kingdoms ; viz: — r— Kent, founded by Hengisl in 456 —It terminated in 823. ti — &U6SKX. or the South Saxnm, was founded by Ella in 491. and ended about the year tJUO t The master of the Prisons was called Commentariemh, f om his keeping an exact calendar of all the prisoners in ali tlia inisous under his in peel ion. i ■» I mb«u. § The Exceplores wpre a particulHP order of r!-r!r« or ■K. Who recorded the pruceediugs and itntences of the Judaea ujou appeals, [^ * * ' I t* C2 in —East Akoles, founded by Uffa. In 751, and ended in 792. IV — Wessex, or the Weit Saxons, founded by Cerdic in 619. and Glided abouf 1012. , .j v.— -NoRTHUMBKRLAirD, established by Ida hi 647, and end^d VI.— EssEi.or Ihe East Saxons, founded by EREeMwiw in 62!T, andended in €10. Vll.— AlEBOiA, founded byCridda, in 684, and ended in 824. TABLR 1. ENGLISH MONARCHS BEFORE THE CONQUEST:* Egbert, Began to Reign, A. D 801 Reigned 37 yean Ethelwolf, , Ethelbald, EthelUert, Ethelredt Alfred, the Great, Edward I, a Saxon, Etbefatan, Edmond I. Edred, Edwin, • Edgar, . • Eriward II. aSaoron, Et helped, . ■Edmond II. * . . 838 . 20 . . 858 . 2 . . 860 . 6 . . 866 , 6 . . 872 . 28 . . 900 . . 25 . . 925 . . 16 . . 941 . 7 . . 948 7 . . 956 ~ . . 4 . . 959 . . . 16 . . 975 . . 4 . . 979 . . 87 1016 . . . 1 \, TABLE H. ENGLISH MONARCHS OF THE DANISH LINE. Carcte I Began to Reign, A. D 1017 Reigned 19 yean Harold 1 1^36 ... 8 Canute II • • l<^ • • • * Edward. onnM »«««» Lib.lU ind ended 'm CKDic iti 519. 7, and end<*d nwm in 627# led in 824. S^UESTi* 57 yean. 20 2 6 6 28 25 16 7 7 ^-- 4 . 16 4 87 1 i LrNE. d 19 yean. a . 24 . 1 invasion of the rds n«m«)d Eng- each of 'which ibes w«re inde* ne*r tiireate e^ J?__ _.!_ /-«l,l-k ft S3 TABLE III. KI^GS j4ND queens OF ENGLAND. FROM THE CONQUEST TO GeO. IV. KINGS. B^gan to Reigii Wm. Conqueror, Wm. RuJus, Henry I. Stfphen, Henry 11. Richard I. John, Henry III. Edward 1. Edward H. Edward III. Rinhard II. Heuiy IV. Henry V. H«nry VI. Edward IV. Etlward V. Richard HI. H'^nry VII. H«nry VIII. Edward VI. Mary I. Elizabeth, James I. CbHrles I. Charles II. JainesII. Mary II. Trilliam III. Anou, Oaorge h George H. Gaorge HI. George IV, Reit;uf:d. Y. M D. March 20 Aug 31 March 4 9 22 22 22 28 6 17 April June Aug. April Jan. July Nov. March 24 March 27 Ian. 30 Feb. 6 Feb. 13 Feb. 13 March 8 Aug. ■ 1 Jwne 11 Oct. 2fl jJao.- 29 106« 1087 1100 1)35 1154 1189 1199 1216 1272 1307 1327 1377 1399 1413 1422 1461 1483 1463 1485 1509 1547 1553 1558 1603 1625 1649 1685 1689 1689 1702 1714 1727 1760 1820 20 12 35 18 34 9 17 156 34 19 10 10 3 10 8 9 6 26 24 29 24' ieu.. o • i • t >.' Reigued 737 724 689 670 50 22 13 9 38 |22 2 23 37 6 5 44 S2 23 36 4 & 13 12 12 :^3 59 t 6 4 3 5 6 6 1 2 2 8 9 5 4 4 O 10 10 4 10 4 3 II 13 2H 21 18 27 8 20 11 4 5 13 635 626 608 .552 517 497 447 425 411 402 363 341 t4l 339 0316 61277 8 271 11:266 221 199 175 139 7 135 16 28 24 10 14 4 130 122 IM 97 64 3 Sep! Aug. Dec. Oct, July April Oct Nov. July Jan. June Sept. March Aug. March April June Aug. April Jan. July JSfov. March March Jan. Feb Feb. Dec March Aug. June Oct. Jan. 9 2 1 26 6 6 19 16 7 26 29 20 31 4 9 22 22 22 23 6 17 24 27 30 6 13 29 8 V 11 25 29 VivUt Rexi 84 TABLE IV. THE PRESENT ROrAL FAMILY OF GREAT BRITAIK THE KING. His Most T:ncellent Majesty GEORGE AUGUSTUS FREDERIC IV of th** United Kiri^d'iiu ol Great Britain and Ireland, King, Dfifender ot th»* Faith. Duke of Lancaster and Coinwail, and of Rolhsay in SmtliUid, Duke and Prince ol Brun-'Wivk Lunen* bartij, Kins; of Hanover and Arch TiCHsurer of the Holy Roman Eiupirti, Sovereign Protector of Ih*" United StHtes oltli*- looiaa l^nds, Sovf reign of the Orders of the GaVter, Balh, Thistle, St. Patrick, and the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, Knight of the Orders of the Holy Ghost of France, Golden Fleerw, Maria Theresa, Charles III. «>f the Ftoyal Orders of Portugal, Black Eagle of Prussia. Elephant of Denmark and mans* oiheri'. Bora August 12, 1762. Birth Day kept on St George's Da>, April 23. Duke of York . Bp. o< Osnahyrgb, Heir ap Duke of daience, ^ueen Dowager of Wirtemberg, Princess Augusta S.phia, - Princess of Hes'e H'linberg, Duke of Cumberland, Duke of Siisst-X) - , - Duke of Cambridge, - - • Ducbess of Gloucester'! Princes* Sophia, ... Duchess of Clarence, Duchess of Kent, ... Duchess of Cutniierland, Duchess of Camhridge, The Presumptive Heiress to the British Throne, in the Jirtt collateral Brandt .. is The Princess Alexandkika Victoria, of Kent, I Born May 24 ii-t. &,c ^ 1819 Children of the Late Ddke of nLorcEsTUR,- who teas Uwcle to "■ HupreseiU iVlAjrE*T».^ rap. August 16- 17^ August 21- 1765 Sef (ember 29- 1766 Novembei 8- -1768 M«y 22- -1770 June 6- 1771 • Jaiiunry 27- 1773 Ftibruary 24- 1774 April, 26- -1776 November 8—1777 August 13- -1792 August ir- 1786 March 2o- • 778 July 23- -1797 The Princesfi Ss»PHiA Matiida b..rn, - • iPrinnia VVm. Vnvnufuarv . (> ol fij tMM^vat'va May 29—1773, -T-T-lf! 85 TABLE V. UN. REDERIC and, Kmgt nuall, and ck Lunen* nly Roman ih*- louian Thistlf, St. iglit of the icv, Maria igal, BIsck er?. Born y, April 23. 21- r29- r 8- 22- 6- 27- 24- 26- r 8- 13- 17- 2<'- 25- 17^ 1765 1766 1768 ■1770 1771 1773 1774 •1776 1777 1793 1786 •1778 1797 the first -n May 24, 1819 ► UWCLE to 29—1773, T\ie 8o\ere\g\is o£ Europe; COUNTRIfc:S. Sovereigns. Bhitish Kmpike, Rusi^ia, Spaiii, Portugal , Pruisii, Sweden &i Norway, l)»;nmArk, Au-itria, Th«» Popedonii r^^r'Jinia, Oltuiuaii Binpire, Mapleg and Sicily, Georj^e IV l^ouis XVIII Alexander, Ferdinand VII .lolin Frederick III Charles John, Fiedftiick VI Francis 11. L(oXII. Charier Felix. .Mahmud, Ferdinand I? When Born. 12 17 24 14 Aug Nov Dpo Oct. my, 13 Aiig 3 .Ian. Jan. Feh Ang 176-2 1755 1777 1784 1767 began to reign Jan. May Vfar. Viar. Mar. 2rr 28 12 2 177n Nov 1764' Feb 1768iMar 17681 Mar. 1760|Sept 29 3 24 19 20 16 5 13 1 27 1820 18 L4 1801 18<>8 1816 1797 1818 1808 1792 1823 July 2W 17851 July 28 1808 Jan. 12 nSij Raator'd 18 1| BIS MAJESTY'S MINISTERS WHICH FORM THE CABINET. E\RL OF* Kldok. — Lord High Chancellor. The office of the Lord t.'h^neellar is to krep the Great Seal ; not to judge according to the common Law, as other Courts do ; biiMo dispeniie with snch parts a^ seem in soma cases to oppress the subject, and to judg^e aocoiding to equity, conscience anu rea- son Wherefore he is said to have two powers— the one at)i>olute, the other ordinary ; the meaning of which i , he mU^f ob^(-rv^ the form of proceeding in other Court?; yet, in hi<4 absolute foweri^ be i»i not limited by the tvtilten law, but iii conscience «nd equity. H»- may is^ue W' its of Habeas Corpus at all fiuM's. He has povter to collate to ali Erclesiastieal Benefices in the King's gift rateU under £20 per annum in the King's books ; hi- oath is to d»« jus- tire to all persons, fwior and rich ; th^ King tfuly to roundel aul8 post by Lettert Paint dZanU bene placiU. By the S.at. 21 H.n. y 8Ui, be » o attend the King'5 person , to manage the ^^'^'^'ZZ ?.Zrii\ht propose matters from the King at the Council, ahti to report to lUe Kingthe reolutions therfttpon. Eael or Liverpool, K. G.^First Lord CommUsioner ' of the Treasury. The Lord TreaMirer, whose office is now executed by five Lord* eSnisXners, hath .'he appnintu>ent of all Office" '"JP'^y^f, '^^ Collectiue the Revenues of the Crovpn ; he hath the nomn eu n ot all ischea'tor,, and the disposal of all placet and ways - "J^^,^ the Revenue, and of tbe Kingdom ; and power to let Leases nnne Crown Lands. TUe offic of Chancellor of the Exchequer lb- ways held by one of the Lords C mmi...o,.er, ?f ^l^J^J-'Tyclief cept upon some very particular occas.OM when th^ LomJ Cb.ef Justici of the King's Bench is appointed to a«t « ..oh) He ft styled Chancellor and under Treasurer of .he E'^'^f ^"^Vm of 0?^ austody of the Exchequer Seal ; he has "^f . ^e controlment o the Rolls »t the Lords of the Treasury ; and be sits in the Cour,o^ Exchequer above tbe Barons of Exchequer. He has many lucra tivfe offices hi the Court of Exchequer ia his gift. Earl OF Wbstmorblahj>,K. G— Lord P«»yS«al. This creat officer is so called tram his having the Privy Seal ifl hJcitSy which he must not nut to any grant wUhou. warrant nder tbe King's Signet This Seal is u.edto all Charte«,jG.a .ts, and Pardons signed by the King belore tbey come t« the braf^t Seal Right Hon. RowtRT Pe«l,~ Seertiary of State for the HotM Departmenl, Until the Reign of Henry VIU. there was only one Secretary of State ; and until tbe Reign of Eli^abe.h, tbe Secretaries «.•« "^^^ of the Privy Council. From that time to the present tber^have |>eeB two sicre.aries of State, and sometimes three ; »«'d thus a Council has seldomJbeen bel^ without tbe presence «< a' J^f^J «ae ,>T them. From m death of Qaee« Anne to ^b'/frl''"" -^ 1745, there was a third Secretary f«r Scotland ; and from n«8| to tbe loss of America in 1782, there was one lor t^e Colmue, _ -^^_.. .u— a i"».»ii «nJ»»> thtt denomination 01 the War Department. The OepartmentoC the two Secratar**!^ 87 iord Keeper mncil. by Letter* th, be i» to Couucll ; to report lotUe noner yy five Lor^i employed in ominBlion of ys relative t« Lenses of ibc ;hc«|'Jer »• al- >ea»ui'y.(ex-» Lord Chief Mioh) He i« quer ; ije has olment of the the Court of s uMipy lucra- y Seal. Privy Seal iti ihout WBrraiit arters, Grauta, tii the Gre^it e Secretary of •ie» were never ent tbere have e ; and thus a of at leaat ooe I Rebeliiun of ,d from n«e? the CoFoiiief. momiuAtion of CO Secratark^ tirere, nrevioM to 1782, divided into Northern and Southern ; bid «,e BOW divided into one Foreign, and the other, Domestic: witll the Home aeireiary. all grants tmrdons.aud regulations lU cml maitera - f any kind u.e n.ade and »'xeciited. lo the 1 oreigii »«• cretary oelong all di3r>atche« to and from other Courts, and all bU ■ »in,^ssa|.|.eitaiint.giotlie same. They have the cuatody of the Pri.v Signet, b«ca.i'e tht Kin«'8 private letters are sealed with it. There are four Clerks vi llie SUnel, who are to make out grants, patents. &,c which have the siguraanuai, to which the Sj^net lie- l.if added, it is a warrant to the Privy Seal ; as the Privy Seal is a warrant to the Great Seal. The Paper Office belongs to the Se- cretary of State, where all letters, papers, memoriaU, and nego- tiations, are deposited and preserved. Bight Hon. Gkorge CAminG^SeeHtary of State for the Foreign DepartmerU. Earl Bathurst, K. G.-Sccr.' f«;'"7» «f ««» t.«n,U«.o"««t»4 and^l the s«a.^ore rand "' P'^^; ^ "^J Jf •first bridge oorivers to the sea, goods of Pnalas, waifs, wrt-tRs, SJo Sirfce the revol«tio«, tie «>«''ti™e\aws have under^cme al- tr^tioHs and revisions, and the office of Lord High Admiral ha3 been^eouMderalily abridged of '''V^''Vr^*''^rJ^''J^^'^ bt^h office hasaiways h«eu ia c»iamis9ioai twA »w^ tciuaius a^ I i ji' ■ I- i i oftce of great honor, power, and emolument Tbft first Cam. irnsslonerof the A,lmlr«lfy h«8 a sala.y of £3.000 |,«ra.inu., , .nid Ihf SIX Com.nis«i.)Mt.it £1 0.K) a \^«r enih ami all ,.f ti.ein (ihe youngest CMKimisilone excpf.ifd) has » b-use in Ibe Adiniraiiy. Right Hon. Chas. WATkm Win., ^„. VVvnnk,— Pmirfen/ 0/ tfte Board of CunlroU Right Hon. ('. B. BATHORvr,— T/-^a««r«r 0/ /Ae Navy Right Hon..LoRD Bexley ,^ChanceUorof the Duchy of Lancaster Right Hon. Thomas VVallacf,— JVew/er u/ // !r aiiiiijir, Hiid vf tlifin (ihe Adiniraliy. ttident of tikt ! Navy Duchy of Mint. ISTOW, M.'P, l.oifo,G.C.B- id Mak(iuk9s f^n, Knight. H. P. iVI. P I dip officers ed-cliamht«r, 1 the King's ^e hath the i» Majesty's Lenis, revelS} idicTBlts and although a , and of all ;i>)ace to in- itries, caval* t Parliameat nitted to the plion ; and •ity reacli«»s (•Idt except Under the . 89 HontSlir''?.' *"/^? country-house, are the Tretiurer of the Household ComplroHer, Coflferer, Master of the Household, e?e H.nv! b ''^ accounts and expence, of the King's Household kept in it. ''* '" "• ^•^^ ^'^"'"^ *'^«'-"» Cloth xvas Ti ni, . ^^^^l 0/ '^e //owe,— Duke or Dorset. .k. iJ- ^^s^.^": ?f »>!« Horse hath the charge and government of all the Kmg'5 stables and horses -He hatfr also power over eoueriei mnd pages, ootmea, grooms, farriers, smiths, saddlers, 2nd Lll otfier trades ,n any vvay relating to the stables. He has the pri?" fclr'niV" ^"" "" ?"* ''°«'^»'"«"> f^"-" footmen^ and iexfbJB The Kin^^r '"' " "' "'*"" ''''''''' ""' "«*«• SUMMARY OF THE WHOLE HOUSE OF COMMONS IN ENGLAND. 40 Counties In England, send .... fUi Knight. 2« pities (Ely, none; London, 4; . . . ^c"|eis 1«7 Boroughs, 2 each, . . . . JSin * 5 Boroughs r^6.ngrfo«, Banbury, BeJly, \ ^"^ f"'^«'^'*'' UtghamFerrart, and Monmouth,) 1 each, \ ^ Burgesses, 2 Universities, 2 each, - . . * ' ^ « - i Cinque-Ports, vi.. Hastings, Dover, Sandu,i^, > ^ ^"«'*'"' i2%^rirsrdt\^r^^^^^ : - • - i^Knigh., Shires of Scotland, . '. I . I " ' if» ^"'.^*r"' Boroughs of do. ... 30 Knights, Shires of Ireland. -.''*' '6 Burgesses, Boroughs ef do. ..."'*" ^'^ Knights, 96 Burgesses, Total,— ~7 18 Shires, (an recorrf) , «, « -„ f? ?!"7 "'• Cities aiMl Boroughs, « « .' * 13 EdwJ HI. The Principality Sf Wales," « « T S S^^*^' ',„ ' • - S7 Henry VIII. MINISTRY OF IRELAND. of the Most Illustnom Order 3 1 P.x^ ^'' *'*'' ^'•«"«' ^«''*'" M ■'W "i H *'^ ■J i ,;4»v «\;VI '•- •w* "''' '•0*^4'^ -liQi 189 •«>i. A' MnroecA^ ptr «kin hetiPf pergitlon T»it*r. pttr gallon INtlUliNi spirits, ptr gal SKioet, (man'f and wo- iDen's) per pair • f:i|ilad 1 .A)|HiRcata«rr4al2^^(o4 ye«n ofd, per bead C^wst parttead tkH, b«c«» rter b««d Parlr,^ p«r barrel Pork, nytin barral, par |l'l«Niff, not ill barrel, ptr '^^^ HOL B(M)f, fier hwrel « 10 J|eer. not in barjral, ptr gauMtnd Bueon, fwf lb. (^ i»^ ea^iiilt» an4 Tin* ware, far every i^lW oftbtrtAiof (Itort^t; 20 Saddlel, l|ritH«s/&.Har. ii«i«, foi tvory iS.100'' oMfae vaJifttlherut' 16; kn4 cm iH nt her |;^ods> Wares, . •od ratrcb^idlfse ^t bditin be 1 1 2 2 6 6 Ift 16 10 10 :2i « V a* of A forevtry jElOOoflh* value thprfof. the siiiu oi jtl». The /bttoftingyjif tides aUeiied^Jp^ be imporleii/ree of dutjf ; (kit iMlosetjf: — Raw Hiden, Tallo'w, Wool, Print- in|{ Paiiar, Cotton Yarni and Pf»r»onal Baggage. 9 Free Croin tlie pavment df any 2 dur> sttch articles intended for 7letportatioa only, Uritb the «!• fieption of aucb a:* at e subject to duty by tb« provisions of an Act of fbe imperial Psrliacnent d[ Great Britain, |ia««SHd in. tbe 84 y.iar of His Majesty's Reiirn* entitled, " An Act to regulate (be Trad« ^f Lower and Upper Ca- nadiC; and t'Qt^tlier piipposes re* lattng to tbe said^Pmi^ine«s< ^ In jtdditiua to tbo tbqve i:oiQ'> 0' inereitti ioforaa«tita| ilmay b« proper t«( iat«r6o(|r«e wMb tbai , ' creat lalM* af« vfei||^ itiibtiy in* Torcad., 0^ ' ■ ' ' ExpwkH and liitportt, ^4imhw, /or 1823. 0?Arrived|:, d69Vo's«ele 133,634 Tons «< ISO Men ft>ret0ifi|^grated, wl|teb«r« tiot M*rcbiindiilt«, 0im>m 7 < «|t]Jtof m Hit pay menf of dutJef firipigrants & P«'i»«Of[el>ft. lo,iJ6a %liie pro? isfons aSr^my ktA o(,q^^04^ tm Vfssels W«l«li»H«IPflHi*W''t«»f^»^ lfe.aW.T»n8 ^" * ^tttf |r0w«b,J^^ (»C Ul«9 , 6,330 Mtn 'ij^' 1 • , mdtsti r0pnUUhed in ikis pfdce, Jvr Hhk purpose of endeavourmg to prtn^urs furiher eonfyf ^miiik'bfmex^aiiitdimLryU either t^ ^«b- tlo^mhfividencey or iradUmiary lore from th§'imlimwr ( ; ; T was OB lh€ 6lh of F*^l»i?u9ry, 1663, ftbooHwlf^jwisf ftV#» ntJ% '*ht if«i««<* 0i^it»«^8 «na 8n¥«)lffackwiihc^ and fW^riil^ and ilW ijtoM^ rnoiiog, as ir iliey w'cre'ditfecb^'d ITroBi leiicb <»t1iHr» Tb« boUb eoundie^ by the- r#fle««ted shudeel^ *yh? ft)df#0f th» bttiWiigis'Hiint dotwi,^^^^^^^ an ^$ttv^ ^e dJ)d then an the other. Thfe^m^ersVWim^ai.df JiJ^^ craclced. The earlbtremhled vioJen||y, and c»«8#4i tlif »takef of the paitsadfs and palings to?d9i|ic«^makm^imf'r thirf W'nuM'baye been iiKireyM^le€ad'wi*fi'H:a^ it in >ev*i^ ^lUices. It was »it%l» itif^Miit tf^^t eVf-ij enera^ oiit-«f doors. 'rh«n were to he &eim i^ntti^fi ^p»^ in nil dipei;ti**ft>, <'hildr^l> ^T^^tig «iMif c^eanitirg in the stft|iefs } roeo and women s0l:ed^|ii|,t^ lU Fit* Jieve ipm rrom tli« dangers with wiiith .hi'y weresur* rotfndei. Others passed t he rest df this dfuadful nighlt 'assasf •mSSSir, u in their bmUffmt iiig noit^ ir'ibottiiPs furptM4 rotn jBucl^ mmd tltf eanifng in from them, ill io tire 8ii(ffw, lilt? tufe- were^ur- at 6fe«rt inti^rvfrfs. With « t^*risiiii^iid^l«yn^ ii)n|>6K^, i««iiBitibUng tbte 'tiv^vf'ti 6r 1^ oii^ilh; andt!h<^ s&iiiieil)«)l9a1id(r, &t dcktlclSH at 1%^ lirtrtldch, Was fdt d«- iiti^ ilm shbtikis, us i^ ekf)eHefit:cd In a vessel it iik. ; " Th0 ^iblenOe of tli« fai'lbotialce Was greatest in tiie fw^fifts, WlieVe it appoarod a^ utTi^re was a Hatti.> ragpe- iiig bigt wcft^a ihe jti-ees ; for nol only tin ti ^r^ iiehes were d^felfOyed, l>iit fVeh their trunlcs are sai^ to bay^ been 4*tatbM frotti their plates, and dashed ag «in3( eftcb o> th^r Wi{|l iiu'dticeival^te violence and<;onfasionr-90^u«>|i ^ seejwjed ^ he cvarfied <3ni bet«ri?c«n 4b^ ^o^niaitis; some ©if w^ich wer« torn d^oiU'tbeir ,bedf^> ai^d i,itro\Vp,upfj)ii others, lea viB|^ hnmanse «-h&6«f« in (h^ plat*** ^V0t» wiie^re they bad it^sued^ and the tefy trtea «|pt >vhi<^-)k they wpre-covered sunk down, leaving ofit' ^tbeitr.iqps above the auriaee of the earth ^ oibei« liew conmtctelj. overturned, t^eif ibrancbes. Iniri^ Jii >he ^a^b, jMid the jfQOtf «nly reiimiHed above^ groutid^ •BiiFin^^hisfenepai wf c^ of ntfttk^, the ide| Uffwiafdt ^ B^t^emtibitki^wiii tent «wd tii^tvn nbfp In la^e flt^r^^ |i»dt Iroiw Itbe opeinnga, iu many^ (idf f«| fii»r«l»sQl^tbi<^l^ ^oodt df iniokiei or toi>!itaiw# «f ditt «nd'«tf«t|, ^biii^ wpm^di iif ito H vet^ C(>»r im^i^vtitHl #iH» «ii%hur. Mwgr rirewr ^#»t* lot^ *o«i if^ mmt^ #eN dlVeffed from t'b^ir poiit cto^ and ibeir viriMs»r*' ehtii^eliy 3il^dr1N»|jt#d Soit«sidf {hfiv«r o^ Si iLaivrt^lft'fr «ppe»*ed t^hfirf^ty idiiifei as liir >4oivit^^!Mi^ T^iiott^t^ae. - T+»» exinabf ^^larjr ^}iiit#Weii^' miiflt mffiiikf^ibim^ trbo(kita^'(he jUe« of lilMfJrlVttV^, mi^ i^imi!w^%9&y^iitm4^t iw vaff#t!i^ rii\wi Wi-ifeTftJh* flfoM^eU Mi diiH»)ft th^¥ar(h- ..«,««5«».a.-v. r} m s. i i 'l :f i ( i! '• I (• palwades, jump tfp, as if they bad b«^n dat^pi^j that o* tv^o tiooi's iu til** ^iiBie- room, oiip opcn**^ *iid the ««» lh«»r«biit, of their own; accord ; that i^e i hitnueyf «nd tops of toe hon»es b« nt like the braiicheii of tre«»agUat- fd by th*» wiodf that wiieiit bey wm»i io walk^ they fel^ thi* jjarth iotiowhija; ihem, and' rising at every step thtjr ti>«k, Wimjtinies gticing Agwinslthe^ol^of the foot» and «lli»*r Hun«t9. ill j» very farcibb' and iiurprising niwiner, F^m Three Rivera they virrite^ Hint tlieBiprt,^ was thi» most violi»iit, and commei>ced wilb^ « ii^se r«« sembtin^ thunder Th*» houses w^'ve agifa^^^ iNnrie maimer asthe^topg pf i^ees dum^ a teii^i>M, with !« iibiae a» if i^re wascrackiing Hi the garrets.. Tbe first Shoik lasted half an hout, or ratSer He|i«!i^ thoi|«rbit« greatupetkmcire or less. -As for the rui^wc bafereniBrkcd, Hial thoua;b tl«is ea rthquak* toutinoed a Jinoat wiihout tiiternii|sfp^ yet it #a* not aiway* ot an equal violeiue. SjWjil^itii^ t It ivns likife ibe pltthing of a lai^e f < fesf^l, w^hith dragged heavily at her dtJchora^ and v was thii iiiatfOn whi^hoij*^ CHsiotu'd many to have a giddi* less in tbi'ir headt-, and qiialmisbness at their ^oiiistchs At other tiroes^ Ui^ motion waft hurried »«» irregular, creating «iridfeuj|t*rli»^ §om^ M wiiich wer^ e«in?ui«ly violent; hat the most toi|iu»oii vr^^s a s!i{rht tremutoua !«#»«►», whith o^^«f* red ti%(pieiitly With little uoi8«i / Many ofiheFr^MBchiftha^itaiataud Indians^ who were eye-witnessct to the mn^r »»*<^t that afr<*at way up t) e riv^r of Trois Rivi«W»» ahout eighteen miles behif* Q'lebec, the hilllj whiih. bordered the river* on >*itue^ aide, and which w^re oC a prodigious Nigh^ Were torn fioui Ibeir totwdatity^vnttd phtngei//otft;lhe rivat^^caut* iiulU to change i1b|c#uir8»-, fhd sprif^dltft^ oy# aiaffe iraci oi lBnw*wi<«Miy .itit;i ' - ^mRmimi^- and the <»•« k,, they fel4 If step th«^ le foot» and agni timer. wpirt shock « noise TO* !tte<| in^e »;W»th tier *w«iav norff Ihan ti was iiDt fr • "Ojpeiktociw ttiai tlKitiirb ith di?ig|^d ri wliiph^*^ headi^^riiiid tinieat thfe at the mfiiii htih oi^€«f^ s^ who were miles beln|il!( rftoo >*iti«f»i viojent c<^hVfil4o*^^'^ ^^*^*^»^ (ayiii wi'i'e 6vi»Whr(Wii^ awallowed ifp t^^ th* gf»i»»«»g te«riii,^r precipiiat-d iiito B^aceiit fi?€r». le*^ng their ptacetehtrulcta«k» cir 1e?a.Rlain8.---^»» /«f tl^d* Wer<» changwl uvio,g«ntle atreaiiis, and gei»tte dt^maintft Kails and i^ids. ftivers iu_fe*iwy parte or tb0 iooiitry sought other b^ds^ ortobliy di*>apfie»red'-T i^c earfli'andthe tnountaina were viofe«|ij| sR«»t «»d Vent tfl in Weral^Wpl«!^f«, cf eating 5Ha«m^ ifcwi?t'iwsed»'p0i«^havip never yet been aec^rtaiowd-^ - Inch aetaitatlon w»» also occawQuM in pe wooda, thai ^orelWiV^ttwiijana acr^^ neigKbourhood were (C^mpli'telj dverturned ; and wherip, but a snort time i»e- foWy nothing mfet tiie ey« bntonoimm#^R»e forest oftreej, liow^ere to hi 5f<»en ette^iMvefifeared land«», apparent- Sr juailoiHMnp 1^ v At taAouasai-, (aboof 150 Mei» beTow Cfci^bec, on fbe nom abore*) the etft^ct of tHe eartlM|ttake waa not IIpb viokirt than in otber platfs.; ap^ buch a heavy liiower of vote^ic ashes oat 50 miles below ^ the iior^ti sbore) a mountaiiv a^oM* » Wfte^of f Jia^ue in^eirc«i»ferenc^, siiuated aod ^Ud into tbft River St. Lawrence, vWberetbo trees took fresb root in the water. There are thf«ecirtam8t ancee, »«>•"»'** vor, which ha«e lenderedLllHS extraordinary earthquake pnrticular^y t?: »arkable — Tbe&st it its duration, it having ^pRtt«« Ilim f elwmaTy to Aw|U6t> tbut it to say, morftto'ast*' •i-?*fc^ Li'i,iiiBmw>Bt. ;i^ I' { L' Ni mkcks wf t« iNk AlitavA *«ii:*ii» wULi^ 1 ,. :.....!» L*. tSSWij-; ^, rt^ sfcikk ««>.lta«tte4;g*iia I^^L^ ♦ ••fl*f '" ^^^ M«nxtrai^^n^>^^e^ «a» nabilationa^j for we hare seeu fi«ar 04 ^hate* i^ i?^ tN pro%oua i-stfiH Mcoor.^ry wiii. h has Hteep e|! *?? *!**f '^ ^^* fi'oma.i, df