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pARKJ 
 
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pARKMAN QLUB PUBLICATIONS 
 
 No. 7 
 
 MiLWAUKKK, Wl8., JuNB 9, 1896 
 
 2Gr?^56 4i5ar; 
 
 Eleazer Wiluams-His Forerunners, Himself 
 
 WILLIAM WARD WIGHT 
 
 (Copyright, 1896, by WUliam Ward Wi«l|t) 
 
 BifiLIOJHBQUe 
 PHILEAftSACMON, 
 
Kl.l-.A/KK Willi \M^. 
 
ELKAZER WILLIAMS— UTS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 Until witliin a roccnt period it had been supposed that the claim? 
 
 for royal descent for Eleazer Williams had been abandoned, that they 
 
 were, in truth, as 
 
 "Dead as tlu- l)ulrii8liP8 round littlo Moses 
 On the old banks of the Nile." 
 
 The pul)lioation. liowcvor. by a reputable London house, of The 
 Story of Louis Xl'If. of Fyaiicc.^ and the appearance of many news- 
 paper screeds relying upon that volume as authority have re-directed 
 attention to these extravagant pretensions and justify, even if they do 
 not demand, this present writing. 
 
 In the parish church of St. Nicholas in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk. 
 Robert eldest son of Stephen and Margaret (Cooke) Wilyams was 
 baptised on December ii, 1608. Robert's wife, Elizabeth Stalhani. 
 was a year or thereabouts her husband's junior. Robert was a cord- 
 wainer and plied his trade in his native shire from 1623 until he de- 
 serted his ancestral shores. On April 8, 1637, he with his wife and 
 their four children Samuel, John, l-ilizabeth and Deborah, was exam- 
 ined preliminary to emigration to New England. One week later the 
 family sailed in the Rose of Yarmouth for Boston. Others of the 
 same siniamc from the same neighborhood followed their example. 
 Forthwith Robert made pcrm.incnt settlement in Roxbury where in 
 1643 his household, now augmented to six children, dwelt upon an 
 estate of twenty-five acres. As a member of the church of the Rev. 
 John Eliot, and as otherwise i|ualified. Robert was made a freeman 
 -May !o, 1643.- 
 
 lle was a personage t)f strong fibre — a rigitl Puritan. Self-exiled 
 lor conscit'nce's sake, his conscience was his constant mentor. .\ single 
 iiu-ident will picture his character: The magistrates of Massachusetts 
 Ray sent letters to the several towns in 1672, recjuesting pecimiary 
 
 1. Tlie story of Ixiiils XVII. of Franco By Kllzahcth R. Evans. .Sw.in. Sin- 
 McsclK'ii) &, Co., Tendon, 189,1. 
 
 2. Williams' Koljert ■Williams, nililfinln Ilotteu's Orlcliinl lists. 2:i0, 202: Ii'?t- 
 l<Ms (if I'Mward H. Williams, Jr., of Bclhloliem, I'a.; Now r.iiKlnncl llislnrical and 
 clonoal.idloal Uocislor, II, .-)3: III, liV): XIV, ;{2.">: XXXV, 217: XI.IV, 212; XI,VII. 
 .'i(i;!. Tills last sot will liGreinatter lio ahhrovlatod to RoBlster. All a'ldinilllos fitPd 
 ^^IH lio oniinioratoil witli fuilor ttllos in Appendix- 1. 
 
 I II 
 
134 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 assistance for Harvard CollcRc and inviting criticisms upon the con- 
 duct of the institution. Roxbury, wiiile not refusing the aid, rcpHed 
 on March 5, 1672, complaining of an evil in the method of education— 
 that the youth were brought up in pride ill fitting persons intended 
 lor either the magistracy or the ministry, and particularizing their 
 wearing long hair, even in the pulpit, to the great grief and fear of 
 many godly hearts. Prominent among the endorsers of this indictmeni 
 were Robert Williams and his son Samuel.-' 
 
 Both Robert and Elizabeth Williams died in Ro.xbury— the former, 
 September i, ,693, the latter, July 28, i674.^They were tjic progenitors 
 of many distiiiguished and honored Americans: not a few of these, 
 despite the capillary criticism, were graduates of Harvard, and one, 
 Colonel Ephraim Williams, was himself the founder of a college.^ 
 
 Samuel Williams, the eldest surviving son of the emigrant, whose 
 age at death allows 1632 to be computed as his probable birth year, 
 was, like his father, a cordwainer. He was a deacon, and from Decem- 
 ber 9, 1677, ruling elder, in the Roxbury church. On March 2, 1654, 
 he married Theoda. born July 26, 16.17. the eldest daughter of Deacon 
 William and Martha (Holgrave) Parke of Roxbury. There Sanmel 
 became a freeman in March, 1658, there he died September 2?^. lOoH. 
 and there his widow died August 2, 1718." 
 
 The second son of this pair, John, over whose strange, sad history 
 the veil of human sympathy has long and fondly hung, was born in 
 Roxbury December 10, 1664.^ Educated by the generosity of hi'; 
 grandfather Parke he graduated in 1683 at Harvard College,'^ d(ml)t- 
 Icss without long hair, and entered the ministry. He married July 21. 
 1687. Eunice, born August 2. 1664. daughter of the Rev. Ivlea/.er and 
 Esther Mather of Northampton. Esther being the daughter ct tlie 
 Rev. John Warham of Windsor. :\Ir. Mather, who was born in Dor- 
 chester May 13. 1637, and died July 24. i6(k). was a brother of the Rev. 
 Increase Mather and a son of the emigrant the Rev. Richard Matlicr 
 (born 1596. died April 22, i66()).>' Upon the premature dealli d the 
 Rev. Eleazer ^father, his widow Esther (who died aged nmcty-two 
 vears Ecbruarv 10. 1736) married Solomon Stoddard of .North.-mpton, 
 
 She thus became the mother of Caiitain John Stoddard, 
 ruary 17, i(>8-', who figures brictly later in ihi-; narrative. 
 
 bnrn l-'i'li- 
 
 :•,. it.yisid- x.xxv, \'S2. vs;. 
 
 1. Iti'uisl.M- .\X.\1V, «l. . 
 
 -, 'liH' U.v Sly. Vmi UrtisMhi.r. in his llisturicill I»i«i'..lli'se. r.l, s.i.vs. ot Ih- 
 ,„,„„1,.,. ,,f Wllliiua. Cun.r... ••Kpl.n.ini WUlianis wa-^ ,1. s.vmlcl from tli.' b.M T'n- 
 
 1 .|i,,i,i u. ;!7il: Wil!i:nii>' Uolnit Williams. .; Williams W i\ 
 
 U,-;isHi- X.WIV. il'.i. SlM-ldc.ii i.iiiiK AilL'iisI IIH, ITI^. iii-l-a.l ..f 
 
 C. Slii'lilipii's 
 
 Hams famll.v, :!•''■. 
 
 .\ii-Misr 'J. 171S. 
 
 7. Williams 
 
 •s. Williams 
 
 ISiiiMl! Willi.lMI>^. 
 
 Itnli'i iiiimI laplivi 
 
 ; Slii'l.lna's n. . rlii'lil. 11. ."Til. 
 mi; Slli|i-x's llanaiil -railnali 
 
 III, 
 
 Kiiilsl.i- VI, 21'. 
 
 ,|P 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 135 
 
 160H. 
 
 Minute, perhaps tedious, have been thesi' genealogical details — yet, 
 purposely minute, that it might clearly appear how gentle the llower 
 of saintly New England growth that was forcefully transplanted from 
 Deerfield into the wildernesses of Canada to bloom, and fade, in exile 
 tlierc. 
 
 Deerfield, or Pocunituck meaning High Rock Place, 1** was on 
 ilic outskirts of the Massachusetts world when the Rev. John Williams 
 hegan to preach there in June, 1686. His little following was formally 
 organized into a church and he ordained its pastor October 17, 1688.1^ 
 Here he faithfully ministered to a loyal flock; here were born the 
 eleven children of his marriage with Eunice Mather.12 Yet in much 
 disquietude was his life passed. More than once in the circling years 
 Hie dusky prowler surprised the sleeping village; more than once the 
 ruthless hatchet and the pitiless ritle wrought their ruin among its 
 brave inhabitants. These pathetic events pertain not to my theme; 
 yet of one, brief mention is necessary. 
 
 J''arly in tiie morning of leap-year day, 1704, three hundred and 
 forty French and Indians^'' under Major Hertel do Rouville attacked 
 the slumbering inhabitants. A few happily escaped, more were slain, 
 still more — chattel i)roperly for their greedy captors — were taken pris- 
 oners. The narrative of that fatal morning of February 29, 1704, may 
 be read in many histories — in Penhallow, Hoyt, Dwigiit, Parkman, 
 Sheldon '^ 
 
 .Seven cliikiren of tiie Rev. John Williams were sleeping peace- 
 fully at home when the assault began. Two of these, John and a babe 
 Jerusha were killed; five, — Samuel, Iv^tlur, Stephen, Eunice and War- 
 iiani were captivated. These last with their parents and more than one 
 hundred other prisoners were started without delay upon a cold and 
 dreary journey across Vermont to their ^Mture Canadian abodes. Upon 
 the second day of their wintry tramp, ]\tarch i, Mrs. Williams, whose 
 eontinement had been recent,^' with failing strength was fording Green 
 River five miles northwest of Greenfield. No friend was near to 
 .Insist her. lor liie c;i;itiv.'s h;id been sprinkled here .'ind tliere among 
 
 li>. K.-^isti'i NWIII. i.'m;. Ciiisiiill Ms tii li.'.-iliulil New V.rk Colmiial Doen- 
 
 iiiiius, IV. lusa, loiMj. 
 
 11. Slulilons l)o(!fliil(l J, '.IT: WIIIIiiiiih' Uedt'cmi'd raijiivc, l»i;; Ufgi.jiLT. VI. T-t. 
 
 12. The names ami vital statistics of ihcsi' clilUlieii form -Viipi'iiJl.t II. A ped- 
 ii-'i-ee of iiiciiilMis of tlio WlUlaiiis fauiily iiirntiimt'd in tins iiainr furmM Appeudlx III. 
 
 1;;. Two Imiidrcd I'rench und the rouialiijfi- Indians— partly Hnsluni Indians in 
 native costnnii', partly iluliuwks or Msiciinas (lallod Mai|na>s in .\. Y. Col. l>ofS. IV, 
 Mi;j) of CanghnawaKa, pi-olialily lu civilizod atllro. Slield^n's D.^erliold 1. 2iM. 
 
 14. roiihallon's Indian wars, 24; Hoyl'.s Antiiimirlan n.siarclios. 186; nwiglifs 
 Travels II, tJ7: I'arkiiians Ilalf-eiMitury of cinUict, I. 02: Slio;d.!n's D 'erlU-ld, I. Ui. 
 An alniivst conloniporary ac.ount is nientlcmcd UeifLsn r IX, liil. .\ woodcut of .lean 
 l.apiiste Ilertel, Sel^rnenr do Kouvillo can lie m.mmi in Wiis r's Xarrat've and cilfcal 
 iiisiory \, km;, Ue was thirly-foiu' years of aue at tlie tine of the raid. 
 
 ITi. llir . hilii .Iern-=ha was horn .lannary lo. 1704. ltei;|st(T XI.IV, .'il.'i. 
 
196 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 the scattered savages. Her Indian attendant. perceivinK tliat she would 
 prove unprofitable for sale or cxcliangc. tomahawked her as she was 
 stagg.rinn up a hill just after crossing the stream. Her body, found 
 by pursmng whites, was reverently returned and now sleeps ni God s 
 acre in Deertield. and a monument to h-r memory, dedicated August 
 i_». 1886. adorns the slope where she fell.'" 
 
 After manv privations, terrible to suffer, thrilling even to read, 
 ihe remainder "of the Williams family, although in separated bands, 
 reached their dififerent destinations. All of them except one eventu- 
 ally returned to their Deertield home. The father was exchanged, 
 reached Bo.ston by water November 21. i7o<), was recalled to his pas 
 toratc in Deerfield and died there June u. 17^).'" His Tlic Rcdcciiicl 
 Cafli-r Rcliiniiiig to /.ion, relates in <|uaint language the story ol 
 the Indian attack, of the inclement march, of the life in Canada. '« 
 
 One of the Williams family, it is repeated, did not return to the 
 Decrfield home. This one. Eunice, her mother's namesake, the de- 
 scendant of two deacons and three ministers of Puritan New Rnghunl. 
 the far away child of many paternal supplications and bitter tears.'" 
 frail solitary maiden among many stalwart Indian braves, claims now 
 our sole attention. 
 
 Upon the divison of the captives Kunice fell to a chieftain of the 
 settlement which the French called Sault St. Louis but which in 
 sonorous Trociuois is Caughnawaga.-" This village, the namesake of 
 a Mohawk liandet west from Albany, was situated four leagues above 
 Montreal on the south side of the St. Lawrence. As early as 1636 the 
 spot was considered sigtuly for habitation but il was not uuiii iO(j; 
 that the first Irocpiois went there. These Iro(iuois. largely Mohawks 
 with a few ( )neida>. had b^en converted by Jesuit missionaries to 
 Catholicism and to the French interest and had been induced from time 
 to time to abandon their ancient seats in New York for homes near 
 Alontreal where they would be under the wing of the Church. Thus 
 dwelling they served both as a bulwark against the I-mglish and as 
 allies of the French in war and in marauding, while they enriched 
 themselves by lucrative contraband trade between the lower Hudson 
 and the St. Lawrence. At about the period of the Decrfield massacre 
 two-thirds of the New York Mohawks had been persuaded to deport 
 themselves to Caughnawaga, so that al)out three hundred and fifty 
 l)raying Indians were then living there. In 1750 the entire population 
 may have l)een one thousand souls. But notwithstanding the religion- 
 
 t(>. SlioliloM'K Doi'iliclil II, .177. 
 
 17. Shelilon's DocrllrUI I. .'aS; WilllnmH' Wlil'nms faiiill.v, OH. 
 LS. l'\)r the cdltidiis <if this Iltllf liook sro Willliiiiis' IliMlccnii'"! c:i|itive (Noitli- 
 
 aiiiptoli, IS-'iS) imge Hi: Alllliimc's Itictiniiar.v III. L'741: .slid.loirs Deo HeM II. ^77. 
 10. Wllli.anis' Hi'decimil ciiiillvc. 17ii. 171; Will'miis' Willl;iiiw fninH.v, !>.'{. 
 20. IVikcr's Eunice Wlllliiiim, 23. 
 
HIS FUREKUNXERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 137 
 
 intluences these mission Indians still continued savages. AUIioukIi 
 baptized and wearing the crucifix they yet hung their wigwams with 
 scalps, yet wielded their tomahawks against feeble women and innocent 
 fliihlrcn. 
 
 Remnants of the Caughnawaga mission still exist and travelers 
 down the St. Lawrence |)cer curiously at ungarbed pappooses sporting 
 about the shore and at tawny braves stalking aimlessly under the 
 arching trees.-* 
 
 Juuiice Williams, born September 17, 1696,-- was between seven 
 ;ind cigiit years of age when her captivity !)egan. Once or twice 
 during her father's stay in Canada he was permitted to visit and con- 
 sole his daughter. At these occasions he conjured her to tho remem- 
 brance of her prayers and of her catechism and warned her against the 
 desertion of her faith. Strenuous yet futile efforts were made to secure 
 her return with him to New England; persistent yet vain endeavors 
 for her release were afterwards pressed by Colonel John Schuyler 
 of Albany and Deacon John Sheldon of Deorfield. Gradually her 
 susceptible child-nature yielded to her environment and to the gentle 
 demeanor of her captors. She became an Indian in dress and man- 
 ners, a Catholic in religion. Her conversion was consummated by 
 her re-baptism with the name of Margaret. She forgot her English 
 and her catechism. Her lapse from the ancestral creed was to her 
 father the keenest torture.-^ 
 
 After the treaty of Utrecht in 1713 brought brief peace to America 
 alike with Europe, the father of Eunice and Colonel John Stoddard 
 were appointed by the government of Massachusetts Bay to negotiate 
 the redemption of New Englanders v.ho were in captivity in Canada. 
 The commissioners left Boston November 5, 171J, and spent more 
 than a year in parleyings which were characterized by earnestness and 
 skill on their side and by extreme disingenuousness on the part of the 
 l-'rench authorities. The commissioners finally sailed homeward with 
 twenty-six redeemed captives. Eunice however was not of the num- 
 ber although iier fatlier saw her and had discourse with her "and her 
 Indian relations." How tantalizing such an interview must have been 
 to tile now impatient and angered father the dry tone of Stoddard's 
 
 21. .ViitliorUles coiiccniluK Ciiufjliuuwima: .\. Y. Col. Docs. IV, 87, 747; V. 742; 
 VI, M-^. (i-Ji»; X. ;tUl; Uflutiiiii (li>8 .If'siiUeH. UVM. 42; l.ettrcs dlHiintc^ I't fUrlciiMis 
 1. (Mt'i; J'iii-kimiir.s Hnlf-tentiiry of confllot I.. II. 12; Paikiiiiin's Tlic old ivsliiie In 
 <'iiimilii, .'!C8: I'lirUman's Moiitoiilm mid Wolff, I. (W; II, 144; li'tlor, Ma.v l."i. 1890, 
 from tlic Ucv. .\rlhni- K. .loiics. .S. ,1,, of St. Miu-y's Collir*'. Mmilinil; IliixUrV New 
 I';iMioi' In .New l',nj;luud, .''.27; .Stone's Sir ■\Villiiinv .Iolin8i;n I, .'lO. faiiKlinawiiR;i mcnns, 
 Cook the kettle. Doiniinontary lilstory of Now York III. llO.s. 
 
 22. Sholdon's DcorliPld II, 377: linker's KniilCf Williams, 20. WllUnin.-i' Itobert 
 Willlains, l.'i, iiririls .Sf|itcinber 10, lOHO. 
 
 23. linker's Kiinlcc Wlllliinis, 23, 24; Williiini.-;' Krdicuicd C.Tpilvo. ."0; Piuk- 
 niiin'H Ilalf-iTiituiy of ciiiillicl, I.. 77. 
 
138 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 TournaP-' leaves to inference and imagination. Mr. WilHams never 
 saw his clauglitcr again. 
 
 The date of her marriage is unknown. From the reference u. 
 Stoddard-s Journal to her "Indian refetions/'^^^ from the earnest pro- 
 test of her father to the governor of Canada against marriages be- 
 tween Indians and minor white girls=» and especially from a memorial 
 of Colonel John Schuyler to the governor of Massachusetts, it appears 
 tliat Eunice was already a wife when the commissiouers arrived in 
 Cmada The last mentioned document shows-^ that the marriage oc- 
 cm-rcd before ^lay 25, 1713-bcfore she was seventeen years of age. 
 Her husband was Amrusus, a nome roughly civdizcd into Roger 
 Toroso. a full-b'ood Caughnawaga Indian.^* 
 
 Of her life amonfe. \e. adopted people there are but tew glimpses. 
 She never forgot her ancestral home; she ne^-er entirely lost the Isew 
 Englanri spirit. Kev husband assumed the rirname Wilhams; her 
 only so., was called from her father. John.^« In 1740, by the solicita- 
 tion of Colonel John Schuylcr.^'o ,vho hoped to accomplish her volun- 
 tary return to civilizatio-. she and her husband visited Albany^ Here 
 by prior arrangement were present her brothers Eleazer and Stephen 
 and the Rev. Joseph ^Icacham. her brother-in-law. \ lelding to their 
 entreaties the visit was extended to Long Meadow, where her brother 
 Stephen was minister.''^ Finding that no force was used to detain 
 lucn^ Eunice and iior husband returned in 1741 with two children 
 t-iri-vno- at Mansi^clJ.-''^ Boston and other towns and remaining several 
 months! Public interest in these visitors is attested by the fact that the 
 legislative assembly of the province offered the family a tract of land 
 ,n Massachusetts for th.ir settlcmcnt-a gift which Eunice re use. 
 fearing its acceptance would endanger her soul.''"' In 174.^ a third v-sit 
 
 21 St.Hh'.r.l-s .Tonrn.il Is prlnU-l nt Um.tl, In R.^lHl.-- V. ?r„ Miss liakefe 
 Eunice "wiUIams Is an Int-rosUng aooonnt of U,,. elTor.s nuv.lo for the r, 1, nsa of 
 
 Euutce. 
 
 '2o. UogisU'i' V, 33 
 
 :"; Unlior's Knnlio Williiuns, 33. 
 
 2V Baker s Eunice Williams, i;s. 29. 
 
 ., . T, ,1111 'in- I^tfrr Vmli 0. \^W-. Iii'in lvlw"''il H- ^>'"' 
 
 Ilniiis, jr. 
 
 ...J ;.a.U,nan',> llalf-contm-y of oonfllct I. ST. I'.aU.rV Kunl.o WMIluns, 37. 
 
 ao Colonel Soln..vler «a8 born .Mnll ,\ UMS, an-i «as gr.„. Ifalhor of r.'n vA 
 riiUil. Schuyler. .N. Y. Col. Docs, IV. 40r.; I.nmh's -Vew Y.rU t, l..;i. 
 
 ;„. nut «1H> wouM ncl l.Ml.-'c in tl,c Imuse; u uij;wau. xva.' ,ons,ru,„.,l in ll.e ..r- 
 cliiird and Hlie slei.t tliere. Umj-'uieiidow (•.•nlcnnlat, 74. 
 
 ;i2 An extract from a .s. nn<,n prea.h.d In tl.e i.resouc,. of Ki.nice WPli.um. .t 
 Mnnsneid, Connectlout. .\n,nst 1. 1741, by l.er reu.o.e nlallve, tl.e Rev ,So o.ion 
 Wllllnms of t^banon. Connecticut, is .ucscrvcd In Wllllau.s' lied, ou-cd Cnp.lv., !.(i. 
 
 m StnteuH-nt of .Teruslin M. cl.ou. a .Ics.cndant < •; the It.v. .To',:, Will! nns. 
 dated May 2(3, IH.'!.!, printed in Willl.nn-' Hed.-ou.cd rupllvc. 171. 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 139 
 
 was made.-'" On all these occasions her New England cousins unavail- 
 ingly endeavored to persuade the renunciation at least of her Indian 
 dress and customs. 
 
 In 1758, fifty-lour years after her forcible abduction from Deerfield 
 she visited this home of her infancy. By her civilized kindred she 
 was rehabilitated in English garb to attend the Sunday preaching in 
 her father's church. But neither the sacred associations of the occasion 
 nor the memories of the past, nor the tearful entreaties of her friends, 
 could restrain her from resuming her Indian blanket after the service 
 had closed.-'.'' Yet she never became a savage in her disposition. Her 
 influence at Caughnawaga was always exercised upon the side 01 
 clemency towards captured foes and against barbarous warfare. The 
 li;imane inclinations with which she inspired her martial grandson 
 Thomas Williams amazed his white allies. =""' A letter written or dic- 
 tated by her to her brother Stephen in December, 1781, when she was 
 more than eighty-five years of age, shows, if faithfully rendered into 
 English, a resumption, perhaps a continuance, of the methods of 
 expression and drift of tiiought whicli must have been familiar to her 
 earliest childhood:''' 
 
 y.i,- beloved lirotlinr, oiu'p in cii|itivil.v with jnc, nml [ nm Kllll so as you may 
 lonsiiler It, but I aiiv frco in tbo Ix)i'(l. Wo .nro now bolli vciy oM and are still per- 
 iiitlted by the Koo<ln('Ss of Ood to live in th.> land of liii- llvinu. This may b.' the last 
 tlii.o yoM may hoar from me. Oh pray for me that I may bo propared I'oi- doatli and 
 I trust we may moot in Heaven with all (Uir godly relallvos. 
 
 The writing of this letter is the l.itest event yet discovered in the 
 life of Eunice. Five years after, in 1786, she died at Caughnawaga.'"* 
 
 Of her marriage with tiie Indian Annusus were born one sion and 
 two daughters, who.iC dates of birth are unknown. The son John 
 tiled childless at Lake George in 1758; the daughter Catherine al- 
 though married was likewise without ofYspriiig; the remaining daugh- 
 ter, c.'dkd sometimes Mary but more often and perl;aps more correctly 
 Sarah is therefore tlu- only child nf Eunice by whom her Itlood has 
 been pernetuated.'"' That this statement as to the posterity of ICunicc 
 is true is known from her own lii)s. The Rev. James Dean, who was 
 
 .'M. A lotliT iniiw oniiiil by Iviu-ai'd i;. .Syrcs of fldoaKo) was wri'ton lo the 
 Itov. .Stoplicn Williams of IxpUKmondow, brolhor of Kniilco, on Oc'obor '24. 17i;!, by 
 the Hov. .Tolm Scrpennt of SlooUlu-bU-o, roTi^iratnlallns Mr. Willianis "> n this third 
 visit froiu .vonr poor oaptlvo sister," and o\pi'p>.slm; tin- hopo that "sho will now Iv 
 persuaded t(. slay wllli yon." Tho wrilir, born in .Vcwarl;, Now .Torsoy, ITlii. Vab- 
 172!l, boonmo a nussionnry to the ,S|o,;l;brld),'i' Indians, 17.'!1. IleBislor X, 1S.1. IJ.Ii. 
 .Mr. SiTKoant married ..MiIb.mII, sister of Oidonol K|ihialm Williams, fonmlor ..r Will- 
 iauiH I 'oiU'KP. Serinnor'H Monlldy, Fobiiiary. ISll.'i. 2IT. 
 
 .'I,-. Williams' Waiianis family, !)J!)t. 
 
 ;li;. Willinni"' To-lio-ra-jjWH-nojren, 21. 
 
 .'17. Williams' To-Iio-nitrwa-iioKon. II. 
 
 .'iS. Ixdlor, April (1. IWIti. from i'jlvvard 11. Williams, ji'. 
 
 .•H>. Wliliatns' WIllbiniM family, !)l Williams' 'rolio-ra gwa ni' m n, 17, is. 
 
 m 
 
140 
 
 ELEAZKR WILLIAMS. 
 
 mission to tlie Indians of CaughnnwaMia an 
 
 I 
 
 un a 
 
 and 1774 and became 
 
 ings, thus wrote to 
 
 d St. Francis in 177,? 
 
 well acfiuamted with Eunice and her surround- 
 her brotlicr Stephen under date of November 
 
 1774:*" 
 Slio lias tAVo iluughtors and uiie griimlsiii « 
 
 \v.('.\ lire 
 
 all the Uisanartiils h e liiis. 
 
 Botli iK'i- (liiiifilitors are uiiiir 
 
 •icil lint <inf <if IlK'iii 
 
 has no oliililren. Ymir is'sti r llvi s 
 I'niav'il 11 L'o (1 slate o.' Ufaitli 
 
 rin),' her lulvuiieed iige enjuy'd a go d slal 
 wl'ie'u I left the country. She retains still an affectionate lemeinbianc • of hei- frond- in 
 X. Knglanil but tells me that she never exiieeUs t,. s e th mm again, tie I'ulUues or so 
 long a jciiiiney would be too much for her to nud.'rgo. 
 
 This letter makes 110 relerenee to .\mrusus— 1 assume that he 
 
 was dead. 
 
 Much obscurity gathers about Sarah, the daughter of Eunice. 
 That she was living in I774 the above extract renders certain. The 
 name of her husband, the latlier of her children, has eluded much 
 vigilance, and in the search for him the shadow of the Rev. Eleazer 
 Williams of Green Bay glances for the first time across this paper s 
 path. In 1846 that gentleman had personal interviews with Stephen 
 W. Williams. M. D., then cfimpiling the genealogy of the Willianis 
 family, and threw this light, if light it be. upon the identity of Sarah's 
 husband:" 
 
 In the French war of i755-(«. an English Heet sent out against 
 the French was separated in a tremendous storm near the coast of 
 Nova Scotia. Doctor Williams, an English physician, was on one of 
 the vessels which was afterwards taken ))y a French man-of-war. As 
 Doctor Williams was a man of science and a distinguished physician, 
 he was treated with a great deal of attention by the French physicians 
 in Canada. He was a botanist and was suffered to ramble in various 
 parts of Canada and was carried by the Indians in their canoes to 
 several of their towns. .\t Caughnawaga he became acquainted with 
 Sarah, the daughter of Eunice, and in i7.=;8 marrieil her on condition 
 that he would not move from Canada. The physician proved to be the 
 son of the 1)ishop of Chester. 
 
 Tile genealogist who preserves this story was in his lifetime 
 worthy of credit. His gcneaU>gy is not a model of execution. Is un- 
 indexed and in many ways faulty, but tlie author wa> of higli character 
 
 40. Tills letter Is owned by Kdward K. .\yivs of ihleagu, and was Iransorlbed 
 for me (as well as the .Sergeant 1 i(er) by the courtesy of Cliailes \. Smith of Chi- 
 cago. Mr. lieaii graduated from Dartmouth in 177."t. lie' passed his early life am ng 
 the Indians and bi .anie lamlllar with their language. After the Uevolntbmary war. 
 he was sialloii.d at Fort Stanwlx, now Uoiiie, New YoiU. as Int.-rp-et.'r. He died 
 at Wcslnioielaml, .New Yorli, in ISi'.'a. aged -.'i years. Kartniouih (Vnteiiidal. 'Jl ; 
 lliiiiimond's Madison t'ouiity, 110. 
 
 ■H. Williams' Williams faiiill.v, '.'1. 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 141 
 
 and of unimpeaclied integrity and has been praised for his patient, 
 painstaking and disinterested service to his family.*^ 
 
 It is supposed therefore that he printed the English physician story 
 precisely as he received it from Eleazer. But I may be asked, Why 
 tarry upon so unimportant a detail as the name of the half-breed 
 Sarah's husband? The answer is at hand: The consideration of this 
 trifle may throw light upon the character of Eleazer Williams, and the 
 character of Eleazer Williams is a great part of my subject.''^ If in this 
 particular Eleazer may be disclosed a fabricator — not to use a Saxon 
 dissyllable of similar import — then the maxim may pertinently be in- 
 voked, I'alsus in into, falsus in omnibus. If Eleazer Williams has de- 
 ceived, deliberately deceived, the world /is to the name and identity 
 of his grandfather he may well be assumed to have wrought like deceit 
 as to the name and identity of his father. 
 
 Diagnosis of the English physician tale leads to the following, 
 among other, observations: 
 
 I. The story itself is highly improbable: a cultivated English 
 gentleman, a physician, a bishop's son, would hardly ally himself for 
 life to a half-breed Caughnnwaga girl and stipulate as the price of the 
 alliance, that he would iiot leave Canada. 
 
 II. History discloses no scattering and wrecking of an English 
 rieot just prerious to 1758, and the subsequent capture of a single vessel 
 by a French man-of-war. The authentic event most similar to the one 
 ilescribed by Eleazer — the destruction caused by the storm off Louis- 
 bourg in 1737^^ — is wanting in the particulars which his story con- 
 tains. 
 
 III. In the tall of 1852 this same Eleazer Williams wrote an eulo- 
 gistic biography of Thomas Williams. The pen being now in his own 
 hand he must needs make wary statements. In announcing the parent- 
 age of Thomas (who was the son of Sarah) an account is given of 
 Thomas' mother,-*" but not a single syllable is devoted to his father — 
 he is not even hinted at. Does not the argunicntttni ab silentio 
 apply with strong force in such a case? Would Eleazer Williams, 
 himself then nn Episcopalian, neglect so grand an opportunity to 
 glorify his family by attaching it to that of an English prelate, if truth 
 permitted, if fear of discovery did not prevent? Why did he not in 
 185:2 endorse by repetition the oral statements of 1846? 
 
 I\'. Ill the biography of Thomas Williams just described, it is 
 
 42. ]ti'«lslcr \l.\\, IM; I.V. .'ITt!; II lit!, lir K. W. Wllliniiis .lleil aned sUty- 
 tlvo yi'Uis. .Inly 0, 1.sri."i. 
 
 43. The Ui'v. Kriiiiil.>< L. Hawks, |i. I),, In lils imiiHlucloiy ii.ite to IlaiiBim's 
 //.ire UV ,') lloiirliiin Aiiiuiik Is. In riilninii's .Munililv .\lii.:i\/.lrii' I. i:i4. iPiuurkN 
 Unit Kli'uzcc'8 "cliaiactci' I'oi- veiaoily lncumt's iiii all iniiiditaiit (iiieBllon." 
 
 44 rarliiiiari's Monlcalm and Wolle I. 47'J. 
 l."i Williams' 'I'l •lio-ragwa-iic-j.'iii, 17, l.s. 
 
142 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 written that at the age of twenty-three years or thereabouts Thomas 
 used an interpreter in conversation with his New England kin.'" Cer- 
 tainly no need for such service could have existed if he had been the 
 son of an English father, not to suppose if he had been the son of a 
 distinguished physician, a botanist, a man of science, of England. 
 
 V. Elcazer Williams, du'-ing his lifetime, made so many variations 
 upon the identity of this husband of Sarah and father of Thomas as to 
 demonstrate his versatility at the expense of his veracity. To the Rev. 
 Mr. Hanson, author of The Lost Prince, it was stated, or more accu- 
 rately, by him it was recorded.'" simply that the young Indian girl 
 married an English physician named Williams. When the 1853 edition 
 of The Redeemed Captive ajipeared, the diocese of the bishop, whose son 
 had exiled himself for a Cauglinawaga bride, was changed and had 
 become Chichester.-i« When, about 1845, Eleazer filed his pedigree 
 with the New England Historic-Genealogical Society he recorded the 
 husband of Sarah as Ezckiel Williams an English physician.^" To 
 the prince de Joinville in 1841 Eleazer related that on his father's side 
 he. Eleazer, was of French origin ;"'0 while the present genealogist of 
 the Williams family has several lines of Eleazer's descent all purport- 
 ing to emanate from him and all ditYerent.''i 
 
 VL There never was a bishop of Chester of the name of Wil- 
 liams. The nearest designation to Williams in the Chesterian hier- 
 archy was that of John Wilkins, brotlu r-in-law of Oliver Cromwell. 
 who was consecrated in 1668, ninety years before the alleged marriage 
 of Sarah, and who died November 19. 1672.^*2 There was a bishop 
 of Chichester named John Williams, but be was born in 1634,"''' and 
 it has not yet been discovered even in the Registry 01 the diocese that 
 he ever married.''' 
 
 VH. There has not yet been traced in Canada in the last century 
 any English physician named ]'".zekiel Williams or any such physi- 
 cian of that sirname who even remotely would answer Eleazer's de- 
 40. W illlams' Te-ho-ra-f-'Wi'-nc-ixon, .30. Wlion TlinninR Willlnms was nt Ix)ne- 
 meailow clinicU in I81W lio "conld iiol; muloistniKi 11 wimi of tlic siTvices." CMllcm's 
 Tom- I, 100. 
 
 47. Hanson's 'nie Ijost Princo, 1S2. 
 
 48. Willlnms' Redoenutl Ciipllvp. 170. 
 
 49. Hnntoon's Elonxor AVilllnius, iiSO. lUeazm- liccanic. a cori-espondin;: iiKjiiihrr 
 of tho New KiiKland Illstorio-CioiiOiilnaiciil S... idy Atisi'isl C. 1845, See HciU'^ <>1 M'Mii- 
 bers, 1S44-1SIKI, pajio 90. 
 
 no. Hanson's Tlio liost rrinoc 404. 
 
 .'il. LiHtcr, April C, ISiKi, ficni Kilwonl 11. Wiiliiuiis. y.-. 
 
 52. Neal'B PiirUans H, li"."; NuWlc's i'r.itr'.iuv.il lions.' .)V riMiinv.41 11. :ili;. 
 
 53. AUIbonc's Dictionary III, 11741. 
 
 54. lA'tti-r, Marrli 21, ISOC, irom F. S. M. Bonnetl, private s.rn>tnry to tlio 
 present blsliop of Clirslor; IcMtor May 18, 189U. from Sir Kobert liapor, prlvat.' sec- 
 rotary and renislrar to tlio liiKlio[> of ClilcliostiT. I am Indelitod to tli>'SO riplit rov- 
 
 ercnd noiitloni iii.l to \\\>\v .mirloons assistants for prompt and full rrplirs ta my 
 
 questions. 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 143 
 
 CMli.in's 
 
 .'11 1;. 
 
 scriplion ni Sarah's husband. Before venturing this assertion care- 
 ful search lias been made of Dr. Munk's RoU of the Royal College of 
 Pliysicia)is from i^iS to iSoo/'^ Dr. Canniff's The Medical Profession 
 in Upper Canada, 17S3 to 1850^'^ and Tanguay's Dictionnaire gcncalog- 
 
 I conclude therefore that Elcazer Williams unconscionably mis- 
 stated the facts as to the identity of his paternal grandfather; that l.e 
 (lid not know, or did not care to disclose, the true name and national- 
 ity of that ancestor and that his persistent reference to a personage 
 called Williams as that ancestor was due to his desire to trace his own 
 possession of that sirname to the usual method of acquiring such des- 
 ignations and not to that of adoption. The fact is that the husband of 
 Sarah was an Indian of unknown, mayhap of unpossessed, name, and 
 that, just as Amrusus called himself Williams from reverence for his 
 ivife's New England ancestry, so the aboriginal husband of Sarah 
 assumed the same sirname for a similar reason.'^ 
 
 Of her marriage was a son Thomas, or Te-ho-ra-gwa-ne-gen who 
 was apparently her only child. •''" Eieazer in his life of Thomas, in- 
 forms us that Sarah died when her son Thomas was fifteen months old, 
 that is to say, about 1760."" But if the Rev. James Dean, in 1774, can 
 be believed to have accurately employed the present tense in his be- 
 fore quoted letter to the Rev. Stephen Williams, Sarah was living 
 not fewer than fourteen years after her grandson writes she was dead. 
 From the usual longevity of the Williams familj' and from Eleazer's 
 notorious innocence of accuracy I fear that Mr. Dean was a inur 
 grammarian than Eleazcr was a reliable historian. 
 
 Thomas — for his liyphenated Iroquois name is too cumbersome — 
 was born about 1758 or 175^."' He was a sprigiuly active lad, and wa> 
 skilled in the chase. He was of tlie age of eighteen years when tiie war 
 i->f the Revolution began. With the remainder of his band he espoused 
 the cause of England and was made a war chief in 1777. He was pres- 
 ent more or less actively at Bennington and at Saratoga but he ap- 
 
 Ii5. lu two iH'tnvos, IjoiiRin.'in's ISOl. 
 
 B6. ContniiiiriK slidit l)iogi'a|)liic:il nii'miili-s of .•si'voriil liundri'd iieisoiis, Alt^joii;;!! 
 17S.'( viis latin' llitiii llio l:iiio of S:iiiiir.-4 iiKirrliiKO. iii'f claiincd I'.ngllsli inodlc.il liiis- 
 linnd slunilil luive boiii In this volume had ho spi'iit lis life In C.inndii ;iiil live I to 
 a icnson.'iMc age. 
 
 r>7. Sovon Imco voltinies. 
 
 ,"i.S. l,ili,.i-, .\iiril 1;. ISilO, fnini F.dw.ud 11. Wllllinii<. .jr.. of Bi'lhiMii'm. I iiiii 
 sylvntila, who lor t wi'iily-idtflit yonrs hns sought I'lMiii oriijiii.il sources, tho hislt-ry of 
 tho dospcndnnts of Uohoi-t Wllllnms. That tlin ImHaii postoi-lty of Eiuilco Williams 
 Bssnmed lior slrnniiio appears from tho prefaee to I'l'^seiidi'ii'M Sprnidn. That It is 
 not uneoinmou for iui\o(l-lilood liullans lo lako il:. tani' o! t!;oir while auistus 
 appears from Colton's Tour I, IDS; llnvldson's In tJmuiiuril Wise nslii, 0,'. 
 
 m. Wllllnms' Willi.uns family. •.)4; Ilcaii's L Iter, ■/."■. ;/. 
 
 (K). Williams' To-ho -ra-Bwa-iio-Keii, 17. 
 
 01. Uoslon Dally ,l(iiini,il, Oeloher 17. lS4s. 
 
Ir 
 
 144 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 pears not to have been entirely harmonious with the British otiicers, 
 perhaps because he lacked the usual Indian ferocity. His biography 
 ascribes his undoubted clemency, his magnanimity in battle and to 
 captured foes, to the influence of his grandmother Eunice. While none 
 disputed his bravery, his generosity excited the surprise of his fellow 
 warriors. Sir John Johnson heav.ily disliked him — a hostile feeling 
 which Thomas warmly reciprocated and which had its influence in 
 changing his allegiance when the war of 1812 was brewing."- 
 
 After the peace of 1783 Thomas resumed the chase, carrying his 
 vocation as far as Lake George — his frequent and favorite hunting- 
 ground''-' — and often visiting Albany to barter his furs. At the Dutch 
 capital he became the friend of General Philip Schuyler who had been 
 a pupil in the household of the Rev. Stephen Williams of Longmead- 
 ow'" and who was the grandson of Colonel John Schuyler, the strenu- 
 -lus advocate for the release of Eunice Williams. With letters from 
 General Schuyler he made his first visit, in 1783, to his New England 
 kin and formed those friendships which led to important conseciuences 
 in the lives of two of his sons. At Stockbridge the interpreter between 
 Thomas and his English-speaking cousins was the Rev, Samuel 
 Kirkland, missionary to the Oneida Indians,"" the tribe to which 
 afterwards the son of Thomas was to minister in the same capacity. At 
 Longnieadow he found to his sorrow that his great-uncle Stephen, to 
 whom Eunice had recently written so pathetically, was dead.'"' Thomas 
 never forgot his New England connections. His friendship with the 
 Rev. Samuel Williams, LL. D.. of Rutland, Vermont, was very intimate 
 and was full of satisfaction and helpfulness to both."^ 
 
 When the great misunderstanding arose between England and the 
 United States in 1808 President Jefferson addressed a letter to the bor- 
 (ler Indians. In this he stated that the impending war was no quarrel 
 i<\ theirs and urged them to remain quiet and neutral. Moreover he 
 I)romised them that should the British claim their services and they 
 .chose instead to break up their settlements and cross into the United 
 States, he would find other settlements for them and make them chil- 
 dren of the young Republic, "^ In addition, when the war actually 
 broke out, the President sent a personal invitation to Thomas Will- 
 
 ('.2. WiUiams' Te-Iio-ru-gw.-i-ne-Kon, 21, 30. 
 
 lU!. Hatisiin'.s The Ixist 1'rlnce. 183, 184; Williams' Ti.-ho-iag\va-nc gen, 20. 
 
 (U. Wlllianis' To-lid-ni-gwa-ni'-gi'ii, 37. 
 
 Cm. Williams' Te-ho-ra-gwa-iK'-gcii, 30. Fm- the Miinstrv „( Mi-. Kir laid hoe 
 Ilpgist.T XIV. 241; XLVIII, CO. 
 
 (ill, 'ni(> Hev. .Stpplicii Wlilianip died .Iiiiie 1", 17.s-_', aflcr a |iii-i.piali' «>v •!• 
 I-piigmcaclow cliurcli of slxlyslx ycius. Kcgislor X.X.KVII, 111: Illlaiii-.s Wrshni 
 MassarlmsPlts II, 78; Willlaiiis' Williaiiis faiiiU.v, 71, S5. 
 
 07, Willlains' Williams family, 42. 
 
 (18, Tlie original .Tofrirsoii lillcr li('lijii!.'i'il to llu' widow i>r 'riioiiiiis Wliliauis 
 It i« copied 111 full III K.\liiliil A, Uc'iort of II ii-o Commitloc on Milii.iiv Allai s 
 No. S,'i, ,'Mtli (^ongcSH, 'I'liird .•Session, .laiiiiary IC, lS,'i7. 
 
HIS FORERUNXERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 145 
 
 lams, as one of tlie inlUieiitial Iroquois chiefs, to join the American 
 standard, asking him to repress any belligerent movements which 
 might he contemplated by his own or other tribes against the United 
 States and promising him full indemnity for any losses which his loy- 
 alty to the Republic might occasion, besides support for his family and 
 himself during the war.''^' Confiding in these assurances Thomas 
 Williams removed to the United .States in 1813, an<l was soon followed 
 by his son John and by otiicr Caughnawagans.-" This was not a 
 great hegira in point of distance, but by it he abandoned his Canadian 
 home, sacrificed an estate of not less than seven thousand dollars and 
 lost an annuity of two hundred and fifty dollars which he had enjoyed 
 irom the British government. This removal, the active aid oi 
 Ihomas and his band against England and the inertness or neutrality 
 ot the other Indians whom Thomas influenced, so aroused against 
 him the resentment of his former allies that he was prohibited from re- 
 turning to Caughnawaga to live— he went there in the evening of his 
 days to die. 
 
 It is not to the credit of the United States government that 
 despite much personal effort by Thomas and much solicitation upon 
 the part of his friends, his distinguished services in this war were 
 not recpiited. and his large pecuniary sacrifices were not made good 
 during his lifetime. That his efforts were efficient and valuable anri 
 were continued without intermission until the clo,sc of the struggle 
 was admitted by the Senate of the United States more than fortv years 
 afterward, yet both Thomas and his widow emphasized by their impov- 
 erished and unrecom])enserl old age the ingratitude of republics. In 
 185*^ too tardy justice was done the estate and memory of Thomas 
 Williams."' 
 
 Respected and bjoved by his peo|)le, in his native village of 
 Caughnawaga, he died— but when? l<:ieazer Williams in his bi(.graphy 
 ..: his father states'- that the latter died .\ugust 16. 1849. But here 
 appears the Boston /).;;7v Jounial of October 17, 1848, which in- 
 forms th- world that Thomas, in his ninetieth year, died in Caugh- 
 nawaga September 16. 1848. T(, prove that this' item was not prem- 
 ature. 1^ find it repeated in the New i-Jigland llislorical and Genea- 
 logical Retiister for Janu.uy 1840 ■•'—abundant ojjportunity for correct 
 iiig the earlier publication ii incorrect. I deem it established tlion-fore 
 
 <!!!. .\rciii.)iliil .If lii.-i wIiImw, Miir.v .Vim Wllli.iiii-. d.il ,1 sVpu.mli t, I,m ; affldu 
 vli nf Kloiivrr wniiain.>., .Iiini;iii-.v 1.S. l.S.-.O. holli .ittnoliid to said Rt'iwt No. .S3. 
 TO. Willliiiiis' 'IV-li(i-:-ii-;.'\vii-ii,- soil. 72. 7.1, 7«. 
 
 71. H<.|Miri. .\i,rn 17. I.s.-,s. „f ir,„is.. CoiiimlllPo on .Milllary AfTnlrs \,) 3i)t 
 .•l.-ith CmKn'ss. i-Wsi ScssUm. U iiiitl.orlty for Hio fn.^ts a.s to TlioninK' ..liang,. ,.f 
 sorvl.'.. and .is lo tlii> liiidv .InslUv of tlio Bovonimont Im was iiivltod to s,-rvi\ 
 
 72. Williams' To ho ra-KWaiif-u'rii. tin. 
 7.1. It.'Klstoi' Til, HW. 
 
 Ill 
 'PI 
 
146 
 
 KLEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 t 
 
 
 1 
 
 that Eleazer Williams blundered eleven months in penning the time 
 of his father's death, and this when writing within three years after 
 the event and -.vhen the proper date was well known and had been 
 widely distributed in the public prints. Can Eleazcr's sole authority 
 he accepted upon any point a> to which general noninformation and 
 difference of opinion exist? Are we not justified in adopting th- 
 animadversion of Lord Macaulay upon Mr. Croker:^^ "'It is not likely 
 tliat a person who is ignorant of what almost everybody knows can 
 know that of which almost everybody is ignorant"? 
 
 The wife of Thomas Williams, named Mary Ann Rice, or Konanto- 
 vanteta was like himself of mixed blood.-= She was lineally descende.l 
 from a 'youth named Rice stolen by the Indians from Marlboro m 
 the province of Massachusetts Bay early in the eighteenth century.^" 
 Her father was named Haronlnimanen. She married Thomas Williams 
 January 7, 1779." She was a <lovout Catholic. In 1852 when she 
 T-iust have been more than ninety years of age she was residing on 
 the St Regis reservation about eight miles from the village ot St. 
 Regis But little bowed with age she walked regularly to church with 
 no other aid than a staff, an.l was .il.lc to attend to domestic duties. She 
 was apparcntlv a full-blooded Indian and spoke no other language 
 than Mohawk.". She died May i, 1856. 7« As this event happened 
 more than seventy-seven years atler her marriage she couhl not have 
 been far from a centenarian. 
 
 Thomas and Mary .\nn Williams had not fewer than eleven 
 children. There is printed in Hanson's The Lost I'rincc^^ a tran- 
 s.-riplion from the Register of the Mission at Caughnawaga authen- 
 ticated bv Father Francis Marcoux. priest at the Mission in 185,^ 
 when the transcription was mad..', showing the names and dates ol 
 birth of the eleven children of Thomas and ^lary Ann there legis- 
 tertd. T!iis list is as follows: 
 
 74 .s.v Mar;.Mlay's C.Uiciil iMul Mimm Uaiicnus M.sa.vs II, 20 (N.'W York 1878). 
 • --,. She ^vas "tlirc.-f.mrths Indian ': S.nitliN K1.'m/.t WiUlums, Wis. Hist. 
 
 <'m11. VI, SW). ,,. 
 
 7C, U.ttcT April (;, l.y.»i;, from IMuunl 11 Wllliiuns. .|r. Tien- w.re nv<. U.c 
 hav.s Silas and Timothy, <apturo(l at .Marll.„r.,', Massarlnisotls, .Vu^-nst S, 1,04. ami 
 several Tarhell children seized at Urotoii. same c.dnny. .Tune i!0, I7n7. Wards KHe 
 family, ai; Green's Groton, lOy. T.,-dav Ili,e.. ar. mUmIuHV at rar-K-hmi^a^a and 
 l-arhells at St. Regis. Almost hair of ,1„. villa,.- of Si. Kuin.ls n ar Ca„phMaw.-,|:a 
 was lu 1774 oomposed of Gills .lesn-ndod .'nn, anolh.r .\..w Kn.land oa|,tlve. See 
 Dean letter di-.>irilied at n-it"' 40. 
 
 T7. Hanson's The I>isl I'rlnce, 4t:S. 
 
 78. Williams' Te-ho-ia-i-'wa-m-u'en. 81t. 
 
 70. Report .«). 30a, House ruinmiiKe 
 Session, .Vpril 17, IS.'iS. 
 
 80. PiiKC 468. 
 
 81. This name oceurs lowi^r in Hi'' I'l.-^t in ili* 
 
 lliiin;h's note, 
 nn Military Allaiis, .ITiUl Co B is 
 
 I'll St 
 
 .loMlilless so ii.iiiied in eom|ilimciii i.> .i"! 
 f,.li,.vv.|.aiil.r ..'■ tla^ir r.-ilhef. William-' T 
 
 I'l'minine luiiu. TIi.m' i ^vh wi'H' 
 a liii'n 1 and 
 
 I Hip'i'^i 'I'ldi'lakhrriiiitii 
 li.i I'M ;;wa-n'' urn, ;'8. 
 
HIS FORKRUSXERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 147 
 
 11 eleven 
 ' ;i iran- 
 1 .'lutlien- 
 1 in 185;, 
 dates <if 
 ■re re;j;is- 
 
 I'ilSt 
 
 Jean Baptistc,"*' 
 
 Catherine, 
 
 riionias, 
 
 Louise, 
 
 Jeanne Baptist* 
 
 Pierre, 
 
 Pierre, 
 
 Anne. 
 
 Dorotliee, 
 
 Charles, 
 
 ne ie 7 Sept. 1780. 
 nee le 4 Sept. 1781. 
 ne ie 28 Avr. 1786. 
 nee le 18 .Mai 1791. 
 21 Avr. 1793. 
 
 nc 
 
 .Aoiit 
 
 170.= 
 
 Thrc 
 
 Jervais, 
 e facts appear 
 
 4 Sept. 1796. 
 
 nee le 30 Janv. 1799. 
 
 2 Aoiit 1801. 
 
 nt- 8 Sept. 1804. 
 
 -'-' Jnil. 1807. 
 
 I'n the lace 01" this List: 
 
 A. The Ciiristian name F.jea.ar is not to i)e found; 
 
 B. There is a gap of more than four years and seven months 
 Intween the hinh of Catherine and that of Thomas: 
 
 C. There is a gap of more than live years between the birth of 
 ! homas and that of Louise. 
 
 Assuming' ,or a moment the truth ,.f the oft-repeated statement 
 ot .Nfary Ann W.lhams, that ]-Ieazer W'illian.s. the subject of this 
 paper, was her chdd, three (luestions present themselves I Where 
 vvas he born? IL Why was not his birth recorded •.. the Mission 
 Register.' IIL When was he born? 
 
 On the threshold of -i reply .an incident new t.. the aggressive 
 discussion of the I'llea/er Williams problem must be related Edward 
 llivginson William., a descendant of the emigrant Robert Wil'iams 
 ■•vas born ,11 \\ oodstock, \ermont. June i. 1824. and graduated from 
 \ ermont Medical College in 1846. F.ir more than forty years he h-.s 
 been engaged in' railroading and in businesses connected therewith In 
 1858 he was assistant superintendent of the ^rilwaukee and Mississippi ' 
 railroad with residence in Jane.sville: in 1864 he became superintendent 
 Ml the (.alena Divisinn ..f the Chicago and Northwestern Kailwav: from 
 1863 uiitd 1S70 Ir. ua, genend manager of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
 and irom 1870 until the prrsent time he has been an<l is one of the 
 tirm of J'.urnham. W dl.aius ,nu| Company m" the Maldwiu Locomotive 
 n..i-ks. I'hi!a.lel|>hia. In 1S51 he w.-is adopte.l by the Caughnawaga 
 Indians ml., their tribe under the name m| Uaristescres. lie is a 
 member of the Swedish Uoyal Sneiety and a kinght ,.| the Order oi 
 tile .Vorlh Star oi Sv.eileii. 
 
 in August and laiei- moiulis .,i 1S31 this |),,e!nr Willi;ims wa;s 
 ' iililoyed ni tile c Misinutidii n\ ,a liiR. ,,i railway at Caughnawaga 
 ihn-iigh the resi^rxatiiiu. As an ;idi>pied nuinber i.|' the tribe he was 
 Ii\iiig with ihr leading man ;ind i>rineip;il chief. < ) ron-hi-a-tek-ha. 
 "r, (iei.rge lie i.nriniier. an indiiM o: iimch isnucness and capacity. 
 
 
 - I i, I 
 
148 
 
 KLEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 'i 
 
 
 One Sunday <lurin.4 the fall of 1851 several gentlemen, among tlu-m 
 a Mr ParUnian'^- who was then examining the reeonls of the Cath- 
 olic parish churches in Canada, visited Caughnawaga for the purpose 
 of investigating a storv just then heconiing widely current^' that 
 Elea/.er Williams fornierlv of that village was not the son n\ Mary Ann 
 Williams or Konantewanteta. The story was new to Caughnawaga 
 and de Lorimier learning his visitors" errand decided upon a earelul 
 examination. Inviting Dr. Williams to be present wuh the other 
 gentlemen he sent for Konantewanteta and tor two other oi her 
 aged Indian friends-a man and a woman. X< t knowmg why they 
 were summone.l. thev were kept apart from each other an.l >eparately 
 (luestioned as to the birth of I'leazer Williams. There was no chance 
 for collusion KonaiUewanteta stated without reservation that Eleazer 
 was her child and that he was born on the shores of Lake George 
 when her husband's band was hunting and fishing there. That Lake 
 George was a favorite camping ground of Thomas Williams has al- 
 ready been shown. The ancient friends when called upon contirmed in 
 detail what Konantewanteta had sai.l. stating that they were with the 
 band at the time the child was born an.l the s-piaw a<lding that she 
 herself was present at the event. The interpreter oi the testimony 
 was Alexander McXab. a Scotchman^' who was a much trusted magis- 
 trate in the tribe and had an Indian wife. The examination being 
 completed Kleazer Williams' story of his royal ..rigiu was then trans- 
 lated to the assembled Indians, (liu- and all vehemently denounced 
 the talc as a lie. while the little old mother bursting into tears ex- 
 elaimed tliat slie knew Eleazer had been a bad man bm she did not 
 know before that he was bad enough to deny his own mother. Ty-ia- 
 ya-ki or Grand V.aptiste. the pilot of the Eachine Kapids. declared 
 to the companv that for a long period before l-.leazer was ten years of 
 age he was the plavmate and conii)anion of the witness at C aughna- 
 wa-a Dr. Williams writes, ••riie mother o' i'leazer was very old-- 
 possiblv ..lie hun.lred. She was what might be called feeble-mmde.l 
 as old people are. but not in any way lacking m umlerstandin.g. I lei 
 testimony came out in pieces as in the case of old people and .rom 
 the appearance of the Indians and of h- rsHf during and alter the read- 
 
 ,S'> Or Williams 1ms ahvnys s.i|.p.s d ili.it tl.is was Fraiwls rarUmm 
 torian. If so. his opinion of F.i.azrr Willlanw. in IlMf-Cnfmy of CmfliK. 
 .loiiMloss hasod on tlio tpstlmoli.v sivcn at lliis inv,.s.li;:ation. 
 
 S.T Alllioncli the slor.v of Kloazor Williams, as tlii> .1 .U|.liin lia.I 1.. 
 
 what known heforo an.l in.l 1 lanl i.r.M. pnl.li-lo.l ^n tl,.' rnlt.Hl St.it.-s N.a'.-a 
 
 DenuK-ralir U.-vlow of .Inl.v. 1S41.. no ..spe.Mal att..ntl..n lia.I born «'von t.) 
 Je,.t nntil Iho Now York rouri.i- an.l Knnniivr loil.lisli.Ml n'tl-los a'.o.it It in 
 of 1S.-.1. 
 
 ,<!.». Tlio )ii-cs..nt priPst at .an'-'lniawa^ i. 11.' It ■■•. t. <!. I- Fo l.cs i 
 Sroti'linian. 
 
 tlio Irs- 
 I. .«S. Is 
 
 11 SOIIlfi- 
 
 zini' aiul 
 til" snli- 
 thp fall 
 
 s also a 
 
HIS FOREHIWNERS, UIMSELK 
 
 149 
 
 "ig wf thf >tatciiuiu it .va.s fvick-m tliat tlicy tlun heard it for tlie first 
 tinu'. "''•■' 
 
 Tu tliis narrative ol a relial.le and veracions auditor and eye-witness 
 like Dr. Williams I attach great importance. The statement of the 
 mother corroborate! by lier aged comi)ani()ns bears the marks of 
 exact tnitli. .Made witli mucii formality, made in the presence of the 
 tribal chief, made in the first blush of the false tale, made before 
 cupidity had been aroused and base motives invoked, made before 
 the centenarian had been physically harassed and mentally torincntcd 
 by opponents and adherents of F.Ieazer's claims, made eighteen months 
 and two years before aliidavits apparently inconsistent had been tor- 
 lured from her agitated ;ind hence vacillating memory, this solemn 
 declaration of the aged s(|ua\v and her dusky friends should be accept- 
 ed as very truth, should forever relegate Eleazer Williams to the 
 too numerous company of unconscionable pretenders.**" 
 
 Returning now to the three (piestions: 
 
 r. Where was Kleazer Williams born? Upon the testimony of 
 his mother— at Lake (Jeorge. Eleazer himself relates that Thomas 
 Williams was much at Lake George after the close of the Revolu- 
 tionary War."'" 
 
 II. Why is not Eleazer's birth recorded in the Mission Kegister? 
 ISecause it did not take place at the Mission. Absentee births were 
 not re(|uired to be listed at the home Mission. One object of regis- 
 tering births was to keep track of the parents, but as Indians desiring 
 to be away must first have obtained permission from the Indian agent, 
 of which a record was kept, absentees were traceable with(nU regis- 
 tration o! their olTspriiig. So Father Marcoux stated to Dr. Williams 
 and so investigation of the parish l)ooks at Caughnawaga disclosed. «« 
 Moreover, the attidavit of the old mother Koiiantewanteta. of July 8. 
 185.V the original of which Fdeazer Williams prepared. '•" the transla- 
 tion of which Mr. Hanson corrected"" and the original and translation 
 of which the latter i)rints with much flourish, proves that one at 
 least of the children whom l^leazer allows Konantewanteta to count 
 as her unchallenged very own. is not registered at the Mission. Xam- 
 
 is illso II 
 
 ■S,'. I,.-ll.'r .\lii.v 11, IV.IC, ,,r ];ilvv;iiil 11. WiUi.-uiis. ,\r. 
 
 8t!. Tlie iihovi' iiionniil of llio oxaniliiiitloii <.f tlir .igMl TmliMiis is from Dr. 
 WlllliUiis' cpwii llii.«. wiitti'ii hy his s.iii ImIwiiiiI I[. Williams, jr.. ami <(intalr.'il in 
 Ipttors II. nil- ilntiMl April (i. i;!, 1,',, l>!i amF .Ma.v li, I.SIHI. .\. ivfiMviiiv to tlip s.nnio 
 oxainliintliui will lie found in Tlio Xali'ni, .Tuiir It, |S!M. 4ti;. in. 111 (ho poii ..r ihr. 
 .voiiiicor Mr. Wililanis. 
 
 S7. Wiiilaius' Ti.-ho-i;i-Kwa-iii'-KOii. ,'t7. 
 
 8S. I^'ttors, April 0, 1,"., 1,S!M!, Iroiii Kihvaid 11. Wili'iiiiis. ,lr. : Williams- Uo- 
 ili'iiiu'il rajillvo. 17!): llrapor's Ailiiitlonal Xoti-s, Wis. Hist. Coll. VIII, :\r,t\. 
 
 S!». Kills' Kloa/.iT Williams, Wis, Hist, ('oil, VIII, .^,-,4_l: Ri.ljortsmi's Tlio I^ast of 
 till' Hmiilou Story, I'liliiam's. II 11. s., 92, 
 
 !l(i. llaiis.orn Till' liiist rrliicv, 4;14, 
 
II 
 
 160 
 
 KLKAZKR WILLIAMS. 
 
 \ 
 
 iiig Ikt proKfiiy in somewliat of a i-liroiioIo^;ical order, Koiiantcwantcla 
 in that allidavil'" is made to mciitioii tliird in order a child l>j;iiatius — 
 a name whicli l)y no philuloj^ical strategy can be nianoenvred into 
 any other name on the Mission List, a name wliich I'.ieazer evidently 
 forgot to observe was not on the Mission List, a name whieh tits 
 exactly into the first gap in the Mission List, as Eleazer's tits exactly 
 into the second. 
 
 I am thus brouglu to the third (iiiestion, 
 
 in. When was Kleazer William- born? The fact that Konante- 
 wantcta could give no date, the fact that she was a frequent visitor 
 at Lake George, render this ([uestion difticnlt. 1 agree with Mr. 
 Hanson that when he wrote nothing certain was known concerning 
 the problem.''- It is sure, however, that no authority prtiduced by 
 him ha- carried the birth date back to March, J785— the time of the 
 dauphin's birth. Much reliance has been placed upon Lleazer's own 
 statement"'' in his application for masonic membership in Green Bay 
 in i8_'4 that he was then thirty-two years of age. that is, born about 
 \-/i)2. Apart, however, from the circumstance that i'.leazer as an adult 
 was notoriously nnr<'liable in <he matter of vital statistics, an inspec- 
 tion of the Mission List will show that for physical reasons 179-2 was 
 an impracticable if not an impossible year. Nevertheless in the ab- 
 sence of additional authentic information which Ivleazer appears 
 never to have possessed, the above statement estops him from his 
 later claim that he was born in 1785, especially when in 1851 he assert- 
 edoi that in 1812 he was twenty-three or twenty-f<4ir years old. 
 
 No opinion worthy of a second's thought or of a feather's weight 
 has thrown the date of Eleazer's birth hack of the second, or later, 
 gap in the Mission List. Dr. S. W. Williams, the author of 77(.' 
 iniliams Faiitily writes''"' that Eleazer frecpiently uave 171K) as about 
 his birth year; Calvin Colton, his school-mate, states"" in iS.V) that 
 
 yi. .Smilirs KUmzci- Williams, Wis. lllsl. <'„11, VI, aiii; Iliuisnirs Tli. L st 
 
 Prlnct!, 4,15. 
 
 'M. Ifaiisoirs Tlio Lost I'rincr, 1S'.>. It is plcilsniit oociisloiiiill.v to iiKrce with 
 Mr. H.-inson wlioso stDtpnients of fnct an: not silddin liidlciviis. Tims on imgi" 184 
 Colonel Kplinilni Williams is desirilMil us '•an lionoivd aii«estoi- oi' th • Williams 
 famil.v." r.iit infant.s lu the Kcnoalos.v of Ni-w r.n«lai;(l familiis Know tlmt Colonel 
 Wlllitims, lionoieil tlionKh iio was and is, was a liaeli>l.ir, SlioUloirs Deerlleld II, aTS; 
 Everett's Address, (In Everett's Orations and S'lieeclies II. li.'!!'). .\s to llie rella- 
 l>lllty of Mr, Hanson's statements in ll.nr 11" .1 IU>ii-!,oii Mi.inr^ Is- read ilie 
 Chaumont letter In Pntnam's, II, 117. 
 
 03. TliG orlKinal applleation Is in tli" lil.rar.v of ilje Wiscoii.>in lllstoii al So- 
 ciety. See It printed in Smith's Kleazer Willianjs, Wis. Ui-t. Cll. VI. am. 
 
 f(4. WllUnuis' Te-ho-ra-cwa-ne-fien, <',;i. 
 
 O.'i. Williams' Hedeemed Captive, 17(1. In 1S5I, Eleazer, \isiiinu' wlili Or. S. 
 W. Williams, st)i)ke in the laii<r',s liearin'.' id' heiiiK the daiiiihin. S ni ■ onf of h\* 
 host's family having en.iuire'i hi.- a:.-, 'i" replied: "If I am a Williams I am s,, „\'\. 
 l)nt If I anr tin; dunphin I am id.''." 
 
 90. Collon's 'I'.. or, I. l".*- 
 
HIS l-'oRKUrsyERS. HIMSELF. 
 
 151 
 
 KIcazer in iXoo was '•])ciliai)-i ten years old;" Mr. Hale, with whose 
 lather at Northampton Eleazer was a pupil, sayso^ tliat when lie 
 first saw Eleazer in 1800 tho latter was then but ten years of age; 
 t Governor Williams ol Vermont who knew Eleazer from childhood 
 ~upposed'-'S he was horn in 1700. and two Indians of CauglinawaK-i 
 who were children with him declared their opinion in 1853 that he 
 vvas about tweKe or thirteen years of age when he first went to the 
 I'uited States, which time is known to be 1800.'"' The documents of 
 Deacon Nathaniel Ely of Longmcadow, at whose home Eleazer be- 
 yan to live in 'Soo. vary in yiving his birth year (omitting one palpable 
 error of ^y>i\') lutween 178; and 1788'""— the l.itter date pre|)onderatin.u 
 Indeed. 1788 IS the year which Mr. Edward H. Williams, jr.. of 
 I'.i'thleheni Pennsylvania, has adopted as the true one from evidence se- 
 cured during liis genealogical researches. i"i It will be observed that 
 all these opinions focus in the space which I have called the second 
 gap in the Mission List, that is to say. in the years 1787. 1788. 1780 
 and early 1790— an approxiniation which agrees with his mother's 
 inicontra<licted averment that ICleazer was b.er fourth child.'"- I'or 
 myself I i)lacc implicit reliance upon the date ascertainable from a 
 letter concerning Eleazer written .\pril 6, 181 r. to the Rev. John 
 Hrodhead Kf)meyn, I), T)., of Now York by the Rev. Richard S. 
 Storrs. the successor of the Rev. Stephen Williams in Longmeadow 
 clnircli. Mr. Storrs, writing on the authority of the lad's father says. 
 ••|-.leazer Williams came to this town in January of the year i8fxi; 
 the .May following be was twelve years old."'"'' That is. h'.leazer Wil- 
 liams was born in ]klay. T788. and as the dauphin of I-rance was 
 born March 27. 1785. wc have here a sort of natal alibi. I'.ain^hing 
 now all assumptions and suppositions I lay down as a fad of bi story — 
 for "History, like the elephant's trunk, concerns herself with very 
 little things"— that Eleazer Williams was the son of Thomas and 
 .Mary Ann Williams and that he was born on the shores of Lake 
 ( ieorge in May. T788. 
 
 The name bestowed on this son is not without interest in connec- 
 lion with hi- ancestry. TTis great progenitor Eunice Williams die.l. 
 it will \yv reineinbered. in I78(i. Tfer ^r.-indfather's name was l-'.leazer; 
 her elde>t brother's name was l'".leazer. Is it too much to snpiiose 
 that Ei:ni-c ha<l instructed her family concerning her New iMiLjland 
 kin? U oiild not Tboina> be (|uick to honor her nieiiioiy wliei: his 
 
 !•". \\ illi.imB" ll(Mleoii!0(l Captivo. ITfi. 
 !IS. AViil'iiiiis' ItiMleeinfa Cuptivo. is;!. 
 W. Sinitli's VM-,v/.vr Willi.-iiiis. Wis. \\\>\. 
 llHi. Hiinsmi's Tlio T/iis( rrlnci'. IS 1. 
 101. I^.Kpr, Mil.v 2. ISfld. from KiUvni.! II 
 Wl. Siiiitli's Kli'.'izrr Willi.'niw, Wi~, lli-i, 
 I'riii.i-. i;.;::. 
 
 ll'-'f. l.i.hL:'lli'.iil.n\ I 'i.|ili||lii:il. L':;il. 
 
 • '. n. VI. .•;! I. .".i.-, 
 
 Willi.iiii-. .ii- 
 
 I '..I I. \i, ;; 
 
 IMii 
 
 Th" lo^l 
 
152 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 next son was born? Here the Storrs letter again speaks: -^^^^^^ 
 was baptized, as is supposed, in his infancy by a Catholic pnest His 
 Tather informeo nie that he named him after his granduncle F>azer 
 Williams, first minister of Alansfield, Connecticut, i" 
 
 Vivid pictures are preserved of Eleazer's boyhood at Caughna- 
 waga beginning with his third year. Clad only in a shirt, bare-looted 
 and ba e'limbed he roamed about the Indian hamlet, suffering from 
 exposure to cold and storms, and scar.-mg his legs from rough con- 
 tact with rocks, briars and thorns. These inclemencies. ^^^l^'H^ 
 precipitous clif! at Lake George, the scrofulous tendencies '" tnc VV d- 
 liams fainil". and the self-infliction, later in life, by means of las le 
 and tartar-emetic, of blisters suggesting marks of shackles and othe 
 iniuries. go a long way to explain the brands and scars upon ^icazcr s 
 adult person.io.'- the sight of which made Mr. Hanson cry.^ 
 
 Mv-l-. !'->, been attempted to be made of these scars as establish- 
 ing ilK- Klentity of the princely ynitli. who died at ten years in 1 795. 
 with the man who after 1848 and after he was sixty years ot age 
 exhibited these marks for the first time for the purpose of establishing 
 such identity. "n Yet this kind of evidence is fragile, is deceptn-e. On 
 Jhe bodies of several persons may be often seen scars so similar that 
 at a short distance of time it is impossible to remember how they ar^ 
 disMn.niishable. Yet in the instance in hand, there is an interval ol 
 more than half a century. Scars also wear out in the course of t.nie^ 
 Thev also may be simulated.i«« "Such imprints are not protected 
 from piracy by any law of copyright.""^ Eleazer apparently produced 
 .cars to order. When the Dauphin articles first appeared in ruln.m 
 Fleazer had ready the wounds upon Ins legs to correspond with 
 vou. - louis- legs."" But when Reauche.sne's volumes arrived from 
 beyond seas and disclosed that the young prince had had scars upon 
 his arms lo' Eleazer found tliese :dso ui.on his own ui^per liml)s. 
 One of the most graphic scenes in connecti .n with Eleazer's persona- 
 tion of rovaltv was when in the .tim religious light ot a church he 
 exhibited to Dr. N'inton. Dr. Hawks an.l Mr. Hanson an moculat.on 
 
 « 
 
 KM. 
 
 1(1,''.. 
 
 !.'■>. .Miiy 
 
 lOfi. 
 
 t07. 
 
 IjiinI I)a\i| 
 "Tlic Ixtsl 
 
 KIS. 
 
 ni'.t. 
 111). 
 111. 
 
 ;n.'t. :U4; Iji'lleis, Air; 
 
 l^iiiciiiciKliiw Ci'i tomilal, 2.10. 
 
 .Snillns r.lrii/.cM- Wllllnins, Wis. Hlsl. Coll. VI. 
 
 11 IHilC, ficim Kthviii-a H. WlUiaum, ji'. 
 Vinton's I.,nls .WII .n.l KI.m,/,..' Wlllla.ns. l-MUinMrs, 11. ... ^-J^''- 
 H<i..son-s Tho I>«t l>.M...'o, .-lO.V Kvnns' Tl.,. S.or.v o.^ L.i.is -^yi-J^; 
 
 TlM. I.„„„l.l.. I.. •!.• I'M.v. 1.. l'.HM- (V,n,...v .\(lvo,:l.... I>, ......brr J2. ISIU. 
 
 ,,,in of VvMW.. i.. .Mllw.u.k... S,-n.l....l. I.......„1mm. •J'.., ISIM; W..t..r..,:,<. s 
 
 ITI..11," 111 t'liliiit;.. I.iU'i-O.ciii. or IVIji-ui.ry «. !«>'.. 
 Wlmrtoi. \ SlllK'-s M.'illrnl .Iiirls|i.-iiil.-i.ic, III. S'MO. 
 Tl.o All.i'i.i.i'i..i.. FclLiiiiry :t. 1S1I4, imnc 142. 
 Hi.iisoii-s lliivo Wo ;i r.oi.ilM.li AiiioUt: I's? • Pi.tniim's, I. 
 .siimiis' Irnqnols Umirlioii. Un. 
 
 108. 
 
HTS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 153 
 
 mark upon his shoulder in the shape of a crescent, to correspond witli 
 a Hke mark which tlie duchesse d' Angouleme had stated would be 
 found upon the royal shoulder of her gcnuino brother. "- 
 
 Returning now to Eleazer's childhood: While his father was visit- 
 ing Longmeadow in the winter of 1796-7, Deacon Nathaniel Ely, jr.,'^' 
 I whose wife was Thomas Williams' second cousin) proposed to Thom- 
 as that he send to Longmeadow one of his sons to attend school. 
 The proposition was favorably received but at first came to nothing. 
 In December. 1799, Deacon Ely sent, through a neighbor traveling 
 in Canada, a letter to Thomas containing an otTer to receive two of 
 liis sons to be educated. The motive was a religious one — that tiie 
 youths would l)econie m ssionaries to their race.'** .Accordingly 
 on January _',?, iSoo""' T'lomas. with Eleazer and a younger son. 
 .irrised in Longmeadow .uul tlic lads began to live In the faniilv of 
 Mr. Ely. 
 
 .\ few sentences from Colton's Tour of the American Lakes will 
 give a photograph of these two Indian boys as they emerged from un- 
 civilized and sylvan seems into the routine of a New England school. 
 .\1v. Colton wTs a pui)il at Longmeadow where Eleazer and his l)rother 
 beg;in their stmlies .ind w.is an eyewitness of what he has printed. 
 His book was published in iS,^_:j: 
 
 I'liiin llio wililiii'ss (if llii'lr iiiitiin miiiI hiibils it wiis iicoossiir.v for llio iiwistPr 
 t.) liiiniDiiP tlicii' iMcciilrlritli'.s until llioy iiililit uniilnnll.v noccriniHiidiUi' tlipii:selvrs lo 
 lilscii.liiie; .•\iiil liiit fi.r tlir linii'v.ilciu Mlijoct ill view, jiiul tie so: i1 iint'i-lp.'iu d. it w.Ts 
 no siMiiH sjiirlliii' lo I'liiliiiT llic illsonlcp wlili'h tlioh- manners ill lii'st oroiUod. fnuscil 
 10 icsiiaini mill nin.nziMl nt tin- milei'ly siones iii'onnd tlicin. the y wuiilil sudilfnly jiinin 
 iind cry riiipli: or sonic oil»r iliiiriictciisllc iiml guttural oxc'iiiniitioii. and tlicn jior- 
 
 hnps s|iriii;r iiiross tlio i in ninl in.ikc :i inn- Imlinii ii^siinlt upon a child on wlicini' 
 
 llicy liad lixcil ihiir eyes, in jiis im snmii airriulit mid constprnalPin; or else dan onl 
 of the house .'iiiil i:ilic to tin ir heels in Mich a dircelioii ns their whims micht Incline 
 
 lliciii. Conil iient tlipy I'oiild ill einliirc at llrst ; ,ind so loiitf iis thoy did nothing' hiir 
 
 ■ ■i-e.iii' disorder land timt they did vi ry cireeliiaily i llioy were liidiilKcd until liy dc- 
 L'rces thoy liecaiiip nsod to discipline ami hcyaii i.i learn. Tiiidr llrst iillempts liy ini'- 
 iiition lo eniniclato the Iclters of llu' Koman alphahct were iiiiile iiiniisin« -so dilMciilt 
 \vas it to foriii their tontines and other oi^'iiiis lo the prepcr sliapcs. [f the ohildrcii 
 Ml' lhi. sehiMd lailLdied (as there was sniiii' apoh yy for iloiii;:i ilu'se li.iys would s ilie- 
 
 A|.r;l 
 
 ML', \ iiii..n% {.,,uis x\||. ,,ird ivi'Mzer Wlliiiuns. I'litiianr-, II n s. .'J::il. 
 
 n:i M.nilia Williiiiiis. IhO'ii in M.iy, I r;;;i, ihi' daiiiriitcr u( ih,. Itcv. Slojlie'i 
 Willhiins III' l,nii),'inea,l,nv , n.airh'd .lainn ry ;. I7.".:i. Or. SMinnel Iteyiiohls and had 
 iiiiioik; ,p|ler ■■hililrcii. ■„ miui.i-'IiIci- Klizal""h. fpoii I lie dentil of lir. U, yn.dds his 
 
 ■.viilew h.'eaiiie, nil Noveinlier l."i, 17S7, Ihe fourth wife of De: n .\al!ianlil Ely. 
 
 lie died III his idiihly r.inr'li year I i,mm inlier U':\. ITii'.i. and Ids whlow died a^'d nlncty- 
 tvv.. years I'e'niniry Is, isi;.",. |i,.;.,',,n Ely's si n of IiIk tlrst ;narrlat,'e. Do.- con Nathnn- 
 ii'l h'.ly. .junior, m.irrled TehnMij ll'i, 17,m;. said M i/.al clli l!e.> i ol s, 'lids s III' 
 Deae.in i;i,v .if the icM. Ii,.j;is|.'r .X.XXV. i'tS; l.onuineioicw Cent nnlal. .\ppenillx. 
 I a.ae i;o, Wllliiiin^' Willlaiiis I'amil..- ,sii i.: elisenre and iiiccr el here. KeneMi Kl,\, 
 ,ir , died .lime i;i. i.siis. 
 
 111. I.iiii^ineadow (',.|iteniiiid, 'SUi. l.':!!. 
 
 II.'.. Il.inson's Tlie I<ist I'riiiee. i!ll. 
 
154 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 times cast a contcMiiiituoiis roll of tlio pyo over tlio little asseralily iiiul then Icavliii! 
 aD ••Uinpli:" hfliinil tliein would dan out of tlio house In retieiitiiunt.llO 
 
 I request unprejtidicecl readers to answer whetlier cither of these 
 boys prior to entering LonKnieadow school liad ever dwelt in the 
 palace of \\M-sailles. and had his infantile intellect enlightened or his 
 manners moulded h.v the best instructors in iM-ance. 
 
 But aided by earnest teachers and assisted by salutary domestic 
 training, the young Indian foresters slowly began to tame. The de- 
 velopment of Eleazer's powers and capacities was not slow, although 
 as will be disclosed he never became a great sc! -.lar or even ;i studiou> 
 man. With the example of Deacon Ely before him he seems to have 
 become quite apt as a diarist, and from his journals, if the documents 
 printed as >ucli by Mr. Hanson can be accepted as contemporary 
 with their dates, some opinion can be formed of his mental state. 
 These writings, which .Mr. Hanson jmlges"' began abotU t8o_> or 
 iSo.v are whal might be exjjected I'ldnt a youth of fifteen or thereabouts, 
 backward in his education, and hami)ered by his early environment, 
 yet struggling for a more ambitious career than that of a hunter. 
 That he was inlluenci-d by the p'ety of his benefactor, yet unskilled 
 in the expression of befitting thoughts may be judged from an entry 
 of December o, ]8oj. in bis Jourual:^^^ "Cod is once more pleased 
 to scr.d our father. He came to-day about sundown and brought 
 us news that my sister is sick, (iod be praised." The diary of Dea- 
 con Ely shows that in these early years of Longmeadow life Eleazer 
 was much sulxlued liy religion-^ intluences and while under their 
 sway he recorded his age to be thirteen years when he first reached 
 Longmeadow. ''■' .A seemingly impaired state of health, his unfa- 
 miliarity witli routine and discipline. dro\c him to travel as a pm-tion 
 of his education Thus, in iSo.s. he .and Deacon I'.ly were in Hoston; 
 later in the year he was in Catiad.-i. Tn iSoO he began to -tudy with 
 Dr. Welch of Manstield, Connecticnl. where de-cendanls oi the 
 Rev, John Williams resuled. In May 1807 he was at H.irti'ord wl ere. 
 he met President Dwighl of N'ale ("olleue who noticed wliat oilier- 
 later noticed, that he little resembled hi- indi;iii ancestors.'-" Tn 
 Xovember. 1807. -till seeking health he visited Dartmouth College.'-' 
 lie niu-t have tarrie<l here Mime litlh time in Miidy, l^.r I'arlsin.an 
 writes'--' that l^'-leazer was "educated at Dartmouth." and the lloii 
 
 ami 
 
 till, Cillnii't. ■\\<n" I. I'l-V 'I'll'' .•nillinr must liiivo f.iX'll"" Hii'- I"- 
 
 hc Ul-utr 'I'hc IaisI I'l-lMCe. ill I'MlllMlll in. -'!-. -Hi'. 
 
 117. lliinson's Tlif !*.-( rrlme. I'.i.S. 
 
 Its. ItiiiiMiiirs Tlio I.0SI I'rin.^o. I'.IO. 
 
 Mil IlMrisou's The 1/ s( I'llrii e, I'.iii. 
 
 \'2i>. liuinlit's TriiM'l.'i, 11. I'.!'. 
 
 llil, llMlisoif- 'ni.- l.n-.| I'l-liicr, •.'!(!. 
 
 Ij'j, l-Mi-k u'- ll:ill-i'Miliiry c,f rmilliit. S7. Tie riiilio' if Ills' 
 
 ■.!ii;e wlieli 
 
 rv 
 
 . f lie 
 
 imui.hin. ill I'liil'd s-,i.- Mili;il/.llie mid Di'iiineriit :e ltev|,-w I'.i' .lu'y, IMll. p'L'i' i:'.. 
 .-iiv* iliMI Ki.'M/ei- w.i'^ Mill t.i III.' .Vriili'iuy .'III led "ill I > II' In m ' ii Mill sii- 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 I'iS 
 
 : nil sll 
 
 nrable Norman Williams of Vermont has preserved the circumstance 
 that he made young Eleazer's acquaintance while the latter, of about 
 twenty years of age or thereabouts, was a student in Hanover. Eleazer 
 was then, so Mr. Norman Williams said, ^ very pompous person, 
 wore a tinsel badge or star on his left breast and styled himself Count 
 de Lorraine.'-'' This trifling affectation seems whimsical enougii 
 while reading in Eleazer's Journal^-* his comment on the Hanover 
 students: "The young gentlemen appear to be scholars, but I per- 
 ceive that there is something wanting in them to make them complete 
 gentlemen. ]\[odesty is ihe ornament of a person." 
 
 In December, t.So(), he became a pupil of the Rev. Enoch Hale oi 
 West Hampton with whom he continued nominally until August, 1812. 
 Diirnig the early part of this jx-riod he did much traveling, making 
 amf)ng other tours a journey to the Caughnawagas, at the instance of 
 the .American Board of .Missions, to ascertain the prospect of intro- 
 ducing Protestantism :imong his own people. It was during this 
 period also that he lirst came into clo.se contact with the ProtestanI 
 F.piscopal Church in the person of Bishop Hobart of New York 
 "who even at that early day was attracted by him and showed him 
 much attention "'-'' Early in t8ii he again visited Caughnawaga on 
 a similar mission to his l"ormer errand, but upon this trip new 
 intlucnces wen- biduglu to bear upon him. The Jesuits approached 
 him with a i)ropi)sition to accept authority from their bisliop as a 
 teacher to the Indians of his tribe. Although educated by Congrega- 
 
 iiiinoil !i u;iiiiil rciMiiMiioii for si|ii!l:iislii|> iiiid f livi.iH.aM cliariclcr. Tlmt le wns I'o* 
 in (li(^ idlli';;,. imiin'i- Is sliown by ;!io nlisonoo vi' liis n.anio t'roni do ro ords, t'Oiisn.v 
 n'pni'ls. I'nl.il.iyncs Mnii liU,. p;i|iiMs n-l.itlnc tit lli:i( insiiinli n. S ■■■ l'r(t.!i!on Tti k- 
 iT's li'tlor. .\ni;nst :!."i, IS'.M!. 
 
 li'l. Noi-niaii Williams. h,.i-n Oi't,ilii.r n. 1701. wms tin' chli si sun ..r tin H. n 
 .ii'alili' .Ics.sc anil Ilaniiali (Palmer <if ."^dininvrhni. r,iiin.i Willi ini^. .To-s ■ wa'^ a-sm-- 
 alo ,1mlp.' Ill' the I'Dnimon picas of Windsor ('onnly. Vorni nt. luul wis olcrtcil prcsld- 
 inu .inilj,'i<. Doi-linlii!,' this fnisl Iir was f.ir many years Jad'-'t^ of llio llarifiird, 'Vii'- 
 monl. disli-iii. His sun Norman was hI-<. a lawyer. Sei-relai'y of tile Verninnl Fen 
 ate. Seeretarv- uf Siaie ..f Vonnont. State .<';ialoi-, and for marly thirty 'rnrs 
 roniKy rierl, of Windsor Connty. His wifo Mary .\nn We;;t\viirtli Tlrown doylsod tl.o 
 ureal seal of \lie siaie and tlio seals of several enniitlns ami eunris. 'i'liolr son Pr. 
 i'Mwanl II. Williams, froipionlly menlioned in lliis pai or. and liy whom Ids latli-r's 
 faets have r.aelied me. has Iniilt on tlio old liomostead In WomIrIocIc n fn o me- 
 moiinl lllirary lo his fathiT. Thos(> lilmrrapldi-al uun'sels do not, seem- fareliin lo this 
 narrallve. Its tinlh depends nnieli on llio venieily and Int'jiriiy of tiieso Rontlemen, 
 and lliiir possession of (lieso (rails is alamdantly shown liy ihe positions of trust 
 and respoiisildllty miiformly hold liy llieni. 
 
 lUl. liaiison's Tim r.<ist I'riiiee, lilil. 
 
 Ii;r,. Hanson's 'fho I,os( Prineo, 'Jls. The l!ev. Ilenjatnin M.i, ro. n. O., ni>hnp 
 of New Vorl;. and the Uev. Ilr. Montaln of Monireal were 1 sp ci.'illy nn;ent lli-it 
 i;iea/er shonld .iuin llie i:piseopal eoiinnmiloa, pr. nilsiiiK evoiythltiK "nd anylhlm: 
 
 i""'''i'l« I' mpleiifin of his ediieallon and llio preparaiion fur iiilssi mnry labor. 
 
 Ai lids liiiir Hi .111.11 i'dv w.is dead and (ho Conuroual I. nilisis I'onnd it dKBnilt (n 
 provld. fur l'',iea/.i'i's siippori. l..iiiL'inendiiw <'enteniilal V'.VK 2.'! i . 
 
156 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 tionalists and attracted towards the Episcopalians he was not avcrst.- 
 to this new offer. Indeed he is said actually to have been commis- 
 sioned by the Jesuits as a teacher and to have received from them a 
 good church library with prayer-books and missalsi^o— incongruous 
 companions for his collection of the unprelatical sermons of his ances- 
 tor, the Rev. John Williams, which sermons in large number he had 
 brought away from New England upon his various trips, to be used 
 during his later ministerial peregrinations as his own effusions!'-' 
 
 One or two early criticisms upon him the Storrs letter of iHii 
 cnnsiders: "I have lieard it objected to Elcazer that he appe;ircd 
 tickle, but who would rationally expect that an Indian would at once 
 become steady? I have heard it said that he was assuming; this no 
 one will think strange who considers how much he has been llattered 
 and caressed by many of the first characters in New England."'-^ 
 
 Now that Eleazer's life in New England has ended by his return 
 to Caughnawaga it may not be improper to eu(iuirc whore the income 
 arose for all this private tutoring lor the young student, tbi-^ travel- 
 ing hither and yon about the United States and Cattada. W liere, 
 urge Mr. Hanson and J^lrs. Evans, save from some mysterious French 
 men who were supporting this exiled Bourbon.'-" Mr. Hanson ha> 
 even furnished the name of the agent who acted between Thoma- 
 Williams and the French purse, and has given his authority for hi^ 
 statement.!"" But after Eleazer Williams' death this somevvhat per- 
 plexing matter straightened itself out. His papers including a Joitr- 
 luil of a great part o: his life and copies of apparently all his letter.-, 
 filling six or eight cases, catne, in or about 1867. into the possession 
 oi the Rev. Charles V. Rohert>on. later the Kpiscopal bislioi> of Mis- 
 souri. .\m()ng the docunK'nts found Jind iii-pectcd by Mr. Robeitson 
 were the original bills for the education ol V.\v:\yx'v and his brother, 
 together with evidence ol tln-ir ))ayuieiU by the mis.Moii.iry societies 
 of .M.issachusetts. whicli expicted that these Indian youtiis instructed 
 at their expense wouhl lif their g.isi)el lier.ild-^ among tin- dwellers 
 of the Ion St. Both tlir l).'y< were wholly rducateci ;it the cli;irgt' ol 
 
 ^vis 
 
 Ijr,. i:ilis- Nrv. VniK ui.liiiiis. Wis. Ilivi. r„ll. 11. UN: Kills' ItrC.llrClloMs. 
 
 Mlsl. 1-..1I. VII. 2t:; ;n 111.' Inst :n I irlc il is situnl llial \vl, 'II oil.' oT 111' ("iri^- 
 
 „„iis ,.r 'ir 1 r.ii.v w.'is il.viiic in ts^:'. Ml-. Willi, luis •■ulhT.'.l til.' rolisnlii lions ..f tli.' 
 
 cluii't'li f(ir tl,. <lylnj:, rcadliiK In I'-roii.'h nn.l I.;itin fn'iii thr 1(1.111:111 niiss.'il.' .V 
 notp, idiKi' '24^. .M-. iii't WlUinnis Mrvn- h|."ii1,v !1I i.'Iii|.I".! I" l'':i'ii .-i" a fallnll' 
 
 priest," 
 
 12T. So I inl'i'i- fi'.ilu Kills' I! .Il.'.l i.'iis, Wis IlisI i"ll, \ll. --'i; Kili> 
 
 Kipiizfr wiiiiiiiiis. Wis. iiisi. Cull, viii, :i::i. 
 
 IliS. KdiiKiiH iidow Ci'iiloniiliil, i'Hi. l.'.".!. 
 
 lL".t. llnnsoii'rt Tlic 1/isl I'l'lin , lOii, 4To; IlMnsiiii s Il.'ivi' Wo 11 Itniii'l'iiii .\nion'j; 
 IsV I'MliKiin I. lill-J; Kviins' Tli.- Stor.v (if l/.iiis XVII, JO: WililiT's The ll.mrl.nn Who 
 .N'cvii' Itc'inni'il, Iviih'Ucrlioc'krr. lill. 417. 
 
 1:10, iiiiiisons TIm' lifwr I'i'Ini'o, lltn. 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 157 
 
 these benevolent organizations.!''! Moreover, it must be remembered 
 tiiat Thomas Williams was not poor as Indians go. At any rate, just 
 prior to the war of 1812 he was enjoying an annuity and an estate 
 which even with his large family would have permitted him to con- 
 tribute not :i little towards the tuition and traveling expenses of the 
 lads, or, rather, of Kleazer, for the younger brother did not continu- 
 ously j)ursue his English studies. '■'- 
 
 .'\s to the mysterious inHow of French money it is sutilicient to 
 .say that there was none and no agent for any, for the entire incident 
 was a fabrication which Eleazer i)almed off upon the public through 
 The . tlhiuiy Knickerbocker. To this newspaper, under a fictitious 
 signature. Eleazer sent a conmnmication which was the origin of all 
 the stories concerning foreign contributions for his maintenance' and 
 luition. Mr. Robertson found the draft or a copy of this communica- 
 tion in Eleazer's handwriting among his effects.!-'- The assertion of 
 foreign support for him sprang entirely from' his imagination. There 
 were not a few cases, some of which will disclose themselves later, 
 where incidents favoring Eleazer's claim to be the dauphin were insin- 
 u.ited ui)(>n the public through newspaper letters, claiming to be 
 written by jiersons struck by pertinent facts, but really emanating 
 ironi the fertile, ingenious .uid mischievous brain of Eleazer Wil- 
 liams.'-" Thi-^ circum-tance pro\-e>i that Eleazer was not inert and 
 sui)iiie in the matter of iii> diuphinship as his clerical supporters so 
 often chorused, but w,is cunningly and artfully, yet persistently, push- 
 ing his fraud upc^n jjublic attention. So ;derl was he that he solicited 
 his iVientN to find |)nblislKi-; for his various articles. In July. (848. 
 lie wrote .\lr. 1'". Irving of New Vnvk thanking him for his 
 trouble in going to lialf-a-(|ozen ollices in order to get a notice oi' the 
 dauphin primed. '•"■•"' 
 
 It w;is doubtless in aiiticip.-ition of permanent occupation as in- 
 structor of lii> fellow Indians that Eleazer prepared, .ninl iiublished at 
 lUirlin'.'ton. \'erniont. in j.annary. rXi,?. ./ Irncl on iiuiii's t^rimitlvc 
 recliliiile. his foil nini his reco^rry tltrou^h Jesus Christ, and, in -P a'ts- 
 
 
 * 1' 
 
 I. 'It 
 
 :ils,, Mm 
 
 iif iMi;; 
 
 .V(imii;cr ■ 
 
 at l^iiiuri 
 
 1. •!.•■, 
 
 l.'il 
 
 i,^isi ..r 
 1.",.- 
 
 yiliili'i'V. 
 
 lllffffCllcl 
 
 I'liliiniii 
 
 . I!uliorisim'-i Tlio I.-ist of tlic IlniirlKHi Slmy. I'liliianrs. II ii. s. !t,'!. Sec 
 
 lies' I'rfloiiilii- lu ;i 'rhi'iJiic. N'l » Vurk Ti s, l'i'liiiii\i-y HI. tSlMl 
 
 . 'I'ho Slorrs lillri' in L!in;;nn':i(ln\v (•cntciinliil, S.'ll. .«a.vs tli.at in llio winter 
 I'lioniiis an. I iiis wiU- visili'il I,iiimnii',i(lip\v find ri'pni'ti'd tlinl unless tliry 
 111- iir licilli III' 'lie huvs Imnie ilie |ii'ies| Hcmlil cxeiinininnloiilp tlicni. TliP 
 '.VMS ilienriiii- rriiirni'il li> ,'an!.'liniiu-.ij;,j. Iiiil .il'ler ii your n senieil his stmlies 
 n.iiicuv. 'I'liis lime lie ririiaiiied i\nii' yeiivs iiiiil reiiniinl lo Canada fur gDiid. 
 
 Itnlierlsdn's 'I'lio Last of llie Kuni'lmn Story. T'ninaiii's. II n. s 0."?. 
 . Iiraper's .\ildilii.i,al X.iles. Wis. Hist. Coll. \lll, .•id"; nnlierlsun's Tlip 
 ilir' liiMirliiiM Siiir.v . I'nlnani's II. n. s. !I7. 
 
 Uulierisiin's Tiie l.asi oi" ilii' Itdni'lion Story, rnttinin's II. n. s. 07 I)e 
 wridiiy: in Is."i;i. s|„.;iKs i.r ilii' spiritual alisorptinn of MIeazer and Ids in- 
 > to liis iduii rnwk. I'lMl llie aiiMior ti.el ^niy llansun's anlliiriiy in ;i!k first 
 Mlli.le, .\utHl.iii-r.l|ihii' Skel.'iM's. .'its. 
 
158 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 w 
 
 l,rir.r in tho same vcar, / shdlbig book in the hiuu>uigc of the seven 
 Iroqnois vations.^--''' But it he comniculed hinisclt to his people 
 as an auth.ir. he did nnt so comiiRMul liimself as an a;4ent. lunpou- 
 ered by the CauKhnawajias in 1812 to draw from the state 01 
 New York an annnitv of two lunidred and sixty-six <U,llars .hic them 
 upon some land transfers, he received this sum regularly every year 
 from 181 ' until i8jo; but not one cent of it ever reached the annui- 
 tant. In i8_'o bv reason ..f representations made by the Canadian 
 government to the state of New York payment to the un.a.thful 
 steward was suspended.i''^ ()„ account of this transaction he lost 
 favor and inlluence at Cau«hnawaRa. Perhaps tins mculent help'^ 
 to explain the fact that when a half century later lileazer was wrapt 
 in his shrou.l not a Mohawk brave attended his luneral.'-'- 
 
 ]-k-.zer Williams followed his father into the American army in 
 ,81 ? to the disappointment and grief of his beneficent patrons in New 
 EnJland ' - Hv invitation he joine.l the tro.,ps ol C.eneral Hrown un- 
 der good pav \n confidential service, collecting through the Canada 
 Indirns important information of the movements ot the Bntish forces 
 „d therebv in several in>tances rendering very valuable assistance 
 to the Amn-ican interests,'"' For this service as wel as or active 
 .military operations he received the connnendation o, '^^ "'";;- j- 
 zeal bravcrv and ficlelity."' Eleazer's own accounts ,,f hi. a.l R^e- 
 n uMU. in the field are contained in his Journan^^- and m his biog- 
 raphy of his father»^'-acc,,unts which are so tulsome and ^o self- 
 laudatorv as to suggest the tlmuglu that no historian .,t the war ot 
 'St^ S ^-operlv Warded the laurel, of success. In the biography 
 he author calls hhnself "I-ieutenant Colonel Eleazer W ilhams. and 
 ''Co 1. el 1-. ^Villian,s .the Superintendent General)-^"--t.tles which 
 his panegyrists Mr. Hanson and Mrs, Evans do not bestow, titles 
 Ihich arc-not accorded him by the representatives o, t^e governm^ 
 in pa.sing upcm his application fur a pension. Doubt ess hkc th. 
 ;" ,-y nebtdous appellation of Count de Lorraine these military honor. 
 
 were ^c^lf-bestowed. 
 
 In the land battle ,U Platt^burg September 14. 1814. he w,.^ 
 
 I'M- (■■.iMl,...,..' ..r til" Wis.'nlisiM Still.' Ilish.VK'Ml SfM-iolV. V, Hm!. 
 
 :; ■ ; •; KI....ZO,. wmin,,.. w,. .„.. ■■.... v,, ;'f , ''''"y^^;;;"'; -■" 
 
 ins. Until. Mill's l-".loii/.cr Williiiiiis. _i 
 1,T,1. ('.ill. Ill's T.inr, I. ni-t- 
 
 14iV Vllis- N.'« Y...U Iii.liiiiis. Wis. Ili<l. <'„11. TI, -lis, 
 
 1.11 Ufii.ii-t No. •■i'»:i "'■ l'"'"*'' roiniiiili...' .Ill MllitiiO .\fT:iiis. . 
 
 l!,llll ..r l.',!.'!!--^!- 
 
 Winiiiiiis, .-i.-.tli ('.inpri'.'ss, Fii.i S.Rsl.n, ,\pr 
 Ifi. Hi.ns.m's Til,: 1-..-1 I'rlii.''^. -^"■ 
 Willliiiiis' 'r.'-h.i-ru-cwil-lir-p: ti, Oi; 
 
 I IT, isr.s. 
 
 1 1;; 
 
 I II Willliinis' -r,. iHi rii-i!\vit-lif'-S'ti- 
 
 Ci; TS, M, 8.S, 
 
m 
 
 HIS FORERUNXERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 ].■)!• 
 
 wouiuled i)y a splinter in tlic left side,"' "slightly w.mnded", as he 
 states in one place;"'' "a severe wonnd" as he swears in his applica- 
 tion for a pension; "not to that degree as to compel n:e to leave the 
 corps," as he states in his /(;;/;■;;<;/."• His lather's nnrsing and 
 Indian remedies restored him to health and strength after some week>' 
 confinement.'"* The scar which this injury left is useful to this nar- 
 rative in two ways: Many years later he i.-xhihited it U> Ur. S. W. 
 Williams to obtain that physician's professional opinion as to whether 
 such a wound would entitle to a pension, and thus allowed Dr. Wil 
 liams to discover that the unexposed skin of Elcazer was more the 
 color of an Indian than of a white man.""* The scar was carried, in a 
 memorial for a pension, to the senate of the United States, and tin- 
 report of the Coimnittee on Pensions of that body apparently dis- 
 closes that either the wound or the military service or both could nor 
 endure the rigid scrutiny of men charged with the duty of placing 
 only the truly deserving and the really disabled upon the /oil of gov- 
 ernment dependents. The report on the Memorial was as follows:'-" 
 
 The memorialist sets forth that he was engagea at sumlry times on tho Nnrth<Tii 
 fi-oiitlor of Xew York (luring tlie lust war with EiiKlaml in rciider'm; iiiiprrlanr scrw 
 Iros to the poimiiamliiiK oflloM-s on that frontier, l).v whom iio wiis omph ye.l .mil ilic 
 evldenro hofore tlie conimilt.c ^liows that tlic mcmoriali.^t was . f;en at tlie 1 1 h1- 
 
 qnarters of said officers and < innnl<ntinj; with thom. Ho als.i stales tlnit he w- 
 
 ei'ived a severe wonnd at the liattle of I'lallstmrp. The oimmiitlee liowi ver are not 
 fnrnlslied with an.v proof as to the valne or amount of ^ervlio rendered, nor of lis 
 iiatnre, nor of the degree of disalillity oeeaslom d by the wound reeelved ly llie ni-- 
 niorialist. neltlier can lliey ascertain liy any papers In their p.ssessiun in wli.it e.i- 
 paeity lie was engaged wlieii lie received said wiiurd nor the anmunt iia'd lilm f.ir 
 the service which he rendered. I'nder tlio circumslaiiees the cnnimltlec ask ti> h' 
 dlscliargcd from further consUh'ration of said Menim-lal. 
 
 Upon the close of the war of 1812 Thomas with his s.,ldier sons. 
 cxi)atriated from Caughnawag:i, joined his family at St. Regis.'"'' 
 Tiiis Indian village, bisected by the present Ixuimiary between Xew 
 York and Canada, w;is founded as a Catholic mission abom 1754 .-mil 
 ever since then has been the home of a resident missionary of that 
 church. John and Zechariah Tarbell, captured when kuN at Groton. 
 Massachusetts, became Caughnawaga chiefs, and it wa- one of the>e 
 who established the sanctuary at St. Regis.''- 
 
 Ul 
 
 14.1. Kills' .\,«- York Indians. Wis. Hist. C'tll. II, IIS. 
 
 Hfi. Williams' Te-ho-ra-«wa iie-gen. 79. 
 
 147. Hanson's The I/ist I'rilice, 2Gfl. 
 
 14.S. Hanson's The Ixist Prince, 209. 
 
 149. Williams' llededueil Capilve, 17.T. 
 
 ir)0. Senate Iteport, No. .Til. lUst dngiess. Scconil .sessi,,:i. 11,0 r-poit. datcl 
 I'cliiiiary L'O, IS.'il, was made liy Sciaior ,Tolin 1". Hale. ' 
 
 l.^il. Kills' New York Indians, Wis. Illsf. Coll. 11. Us. 
 
 l.M.'. Sec Nnte 7i> stii'in: r.Miiiiiiiiel, V.illcy Mcnoiiiil .\ss.iei:i 1 i m. \', 
 471. Kor a dcscripi i.in i.r ilie vU'.iuc rcail Oa ('. sla's SI ny <il' SI l!cL'i<'- i;< 
 axy. 1S70, \2i. 
 
 iinic 
 II. t; 
 
'I 
 
 
 160 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 Eleazcr however, was too restive and too ambitious to remain 
 long in tliis seclusion. Besides, he believed himself out of caste at 
 St Regis for the determination which he finally reached to abandon 
 the church in favor there.-'^- Quitting alike the Cathohc fa. h .n 
 which he was born, and the Congregatio.ial faith ,n which he 
 dbeen reared and whose societies had lavished money 
 upon his education, he went to New York where in St. J"l"vs Lp.s- 
 oopaJ Church he was confirmed by Bishop Hobart, May 21 1815. ' 
 
 In the preceding November Eleazer had visited at Oneida Castle, 
 renewing acquaintances he had previously made with some Iroquois 
 "the Oneida tribe..---' Being satisfied that these bands were more 
 „K-iined to Christianity and civilization than any other division ol 
 the Six Nations he enlisted the sympathy and services <.t Bishop 
 Hobiirt with a view to a mission at the Castle -•" Having prepared 
 . Book of l^raycrs for families and for parUcular Persons selected 
 from the book of common prayer, in the language of the S,x Na- 
 uons. which was published at .Ml>any in 1S.6..- and being armed 
 with a letter from Bi.h..i. Hobart, Eleaxcr on March 23 iHi6.- was 
 again at Oneida Ca>tle. a> a religious teacher, lay reader an.l cate- 
 
 '"'ne bad good (lualit.e. lur evangelizing work among the aborig- 
 ines. He had beconu. tolerably verged in the Christian sy.stem and in 
 theologv; moreover, ho was a natural orator, a grace.ul and power lul 
 .neakc-r-most invalu.ible ai.ls to persuasion and success among the 
 Indians.1^.0 Had he been cntent. in the bumble avocations ot a 
 .chool-master and an evangeli.t. fanhmlly to pursue m sequestered 
 val^s the noisele.. tenouv of h. way. he wotd.l belike have rounded 
 nut for himself a u.eu.l and bon-mrable career. nstead. howeve. 
 by neglecting tl,e>e pursuits, by >tretchmg out b.s hand toward vast 
 .nipire in the west and by indulging inane delusion, concerning vaster 
 eml.ire in the east, he wrecke.l hi. li.e. he left at In. death a Miadowed. 
 not to sav a disln mi .red, name. 
 
 Vuother .lualifK-at.on u." >..u-ce.. anu.ng the I.uban.- wa- h > 
 ,h.,vough mastery .,f tlie Innpiois vocabulary. l<^f^'-^"^^ ''''; .''^f ! ^ 
 iKvn ma.ie to bis author>hip in that tongue. Tn iS.o m Itua he 
 
 ))riniecl .'inotlu'r >pei! 
 
 iin 
 
 WilUiiins' T(-li<i-iii-fi«:Mii 
 Hnnsnn's Ttio Ij<)«I I'liim 
 H.lii.snn's Tlio Ijfist ri'iiut 
 F.lll.«' N<'"' V.irlc Inilirtiis 
 
 L.'! n. 
 •J7I. 
 2T0. 
 Wis. Hist 
 
 r\.v lh>ok of prayers ju-t alluded 
 
 , iirnl Ilouiili's rot.'. 
 
 r,,ll. II. lis. 
 
 1,-.,1. 
 
 ir.i 
 i.-r>. 
 
 1,-.T. f'litiilHjnio M 
 visc.l this l'rny'>r'l«.iil. 
 
 l.-,s lli,ns„n-- Tl... I..SI ITiiir,.. -7.;; riniMiMi, .Minul. l.Oun.u.s 
 
 r.O Kills' .\>w Yolk Iililililis. Wl.-. Hist. OH. II. ^V.K 
 
 WX CalMnu-n,. of tho Wisr„„sln Shiu- His'orlml Snplol.v, V. ufUl 
 
 ,1„. Wismnsin sn.lo IllsloHoal Sooirty. V, 5.10. Klra/or ro- 
 i„ IS.-.;!. Vi„t.,n-s I.M.ls .WII. an,l El.-.vor WUiams, riit- 
 
 IMT. 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 ItJl 
 
 to was simply a revision of the first part of the Episcopal prayer-book 
 which Joseph Brant, he of Wyoming massacre fame, had previously 
 translated'"! and which was published in London in 1787.1''- But Eleazer 
 Williams greatly improved upon Joseph Brant in scientific manipula- 
 tion of the letters, for while the latter employed twenty English char- 
 acters Eleazer confined himself to eleven.'"'' This reduction simplified 
 the orthography and assisted the child in learning to read — an inven- 
 tion which while of lasting utility to the Indians arose in judgmeiil 
 against the di.scoverer. as the sequel may show. 
 
 Possessing the (lualifications just alluded to, it is not to be won- 
 dered at that his labors were at first successful. Beginning with that 
 small portion of the Oneidas who had already become favoral)le to 
 Christianity through the labors of Occam. Kirkland and Jenkins, and 
 who became known as the first Christian party, these he attached 
 to himself by his persuasive and attractive manners. The majority — 
 nearly three-fifths of the tribe — he attacked with sternness and author- 
 ity. The result was an abjuration of paganism and an acceptance ni 
 Christianity. 1"^ Indeed, this Pagan party, to be known thereafter as 
 the second Christian party, addressed to the governor of New York 
 a formal renunciation of their heathen beliefs and practices. i"'' Nay. 
 more, they waited upon him in person in the winter of 1817 and treated 
 with him for a cession of a portion of their reservation for the building 
 of a church and for providing for ministerial support. The edifice was 
 built and Eleazer although not then ordained entered it as minister.'"" 
 
 In November, iSiq, '"" begjin the accpiaintance between Eleazer 
 Williams and All)ert (i. Ellis, which materially influenced the career 
 of the latter and wliich enables lis to know minutely the career of the 
 former. Mr. Ellis was born in \'erona, three miles from Oneida, 
 August 24, 1800, and was therefore somewhat younger than Eleazer. 
 At his urgent solicitation young Ellis took up his abode at the Castle 
 in November, r8iQ, with the understanding that he was to teach the 
 
 K 
 
 nil. Kavid.sDii's III riiiiiiincil Wisidn.sin. tW. 
 
 1<",2. ("atiilr)j;uc of tlic Wisconsin Stnti' Hist. irii ill Snoiily, V, 78. 
 
 nn. Kills' KloiiZfi- Wllliiims, Wis. Illst. foil. VIIT. .^.^0. 
 
 1(14. navldsou'R III riiiiiinii'il Wiscniisln, (W?; Kills' Klc.izcr Willliiiiis. Wis. Hist 
 ('<tll. Vni, .'!25; Hauitiioncrs Madlsoti ('ount.v, 112. 
 
 105. Tho roniiiii'l;itioii. wlilcii Is iliitoil .Tiitiitiiry 2.". Isl". is .sot mit at toiisHi in 
 Wllliiiius' Two Hdiiilllcs. .\ii|icii(ll.\-. p. I'.t. 
 
 nil!. Kills' Now Yofk li.<liiiiis. Wis. Illst. ( ull. II. t2t). In 181S RIsli.ip H- 
 liiirt idiitlitiiod a cliiss of oit'litv-iiliio poisons, iiisliiictpil iiml in-, s niod hy K e zer 
 Wlllliiiiis. Morolinuso's Sonio Amoriciiii Cluinliiiioii. 44. 
 
 ll!T. 1 li.ivi- iidoplod Diapor's yi'.if. ISlll. iliiliiidiirt ion to Kills' Firty-fonr 
 yrars' Uocolloctlmis, Wis. Hist. ('(ill. VII, 2(I7-2I1.S| itistoiid of 1,S20 as itiveii by Mr 
 Rills liliiiscir in Wis, Hist, <i)ll, VIH, .•!22, Tlio onrllor dale Is no e .'onslst nt with 
 other facts and with ■itlior statoiuonts of Mr. Kills. Said Intr.idnotion kIvcs a 
 Hketch of Mr. Ellis. Ho rcalilod in Wisionsin inure than halt a oi ntiiry, hold many 
 offlpes of trnst iind rospoiisllilllly mid was a man oi' nninip 'ai'hiiblo inl^gril.v. 
 
ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 p *. 
 
 Indian cliiklren nnd be a companion for Elcazcr, and in return was to 
 receive from the latter instruction in Latin, Greek and Frencii. Upon 
 removing to the Castle he found Kleazer residiiiR in the homestead 
 of the sometime deceased head chief of the Oncidas, Skanandoah, to 
 which liomestead Eleazer had made an addition for school purposes. 
 But youuK Kllis soon discovered that instead of imparting knowledge 
 to Oneida pappooses he was expected to have Eleazer Williams for 
 a scliolar. and that the sole purpose of hrinRiuK him to the Castle 
 was that he miRht teach Eleazer Williams to read, pronounce and 
 write the luiylish lanKuage. For owing either to facile forgetfulnes? 
 or to the superficiality of his New England training Eleazer, although 
 he could understand common conversation, could . neither speak nor 
 write the simplest sentences with accuracy. Cases, moods and tenses 
 were to him an unknown land. To the last of Mr. Ellis' intimacy 
 with Eleazer (which extended until long after their removal to Green 
 Bay) the latter could not write five lines of English decently. The 
 framing of his letters, the recasting of ihc old sermons, the prepara 
 tion of his documents, the correcting of his journals fell to his 
 successive secretaries. As to other languages, the only tongue which 
 he spoke to perfection was the Iroquois— strong evidence that he 
 sprang from the Caughnawaga forests and not from the Chateau St. 
 Cloud. Greek was an utter stranger to him; with Latin he had a 
 distant bowing acciuaintance— such an acquaintance as his prayer- 
 books and missals might impart. As to French he could read nar- 
 rative and history quite well, but he could not speak a smgle woi-d 
 respectablv. His French wife, of whom anon, more than once said 
 to him. "Xow. Mr. Williams, I do beg of you never to try to lalk 
 French. vou cannot speak a single word right." His FnMich pr,,mm- 
 ciation was such as ignorant Indians on the edge ot Canada might 
 aciuirc. but nr.thing more and that poorly."'^ And yet we are called 
 upon to believe that this Gallic stnmblcr was reared in the very cc nter 
 of pure rarisi;iii-that hi^ infant lip- were instructed by ^bnie An 
 toinette that he was the bmther <.{ .Mndame d' Angotileme, the pupil 
 of the duchess of Polignac and the ablie Devaux! Sem -idiocy f .r 
 a half-score years could never have reduced the genuine daupiim lo 
 such lingual imbecility. 
 
 The statements just m.idc as to Eleazer's lamibarity with the 
 English language mu>t l)e remembered in perusin- his journals 
 from which :\Ir. Han>r,n quotes so copiously. These journaL 
 are not fresh from the desk of the autobiograplur. (Mhcv pens than 
 liis must have arranged the orderly consecution of sentences, must have 
 made numbers and. persons, iiummIs and lenses cnn.-ordaiil. must have 
 
 ltl8. Kills' 
 
 y.\i-:v/.'V UiliiMiiis. \Ni-. 511-1. 
 
 \ 1 1 1 . 
 
 ;i. 3U. Mh 
 
HI a FUliEUrXNKRS, HIMSELF. 
 
 IC't 
 
 mipiirtiMl a faultless ortlioj<rai)liy— certainly these necessities were he- 
 yoiul Kleazer's powers, although the ideas were doubtless his. 
 
 But if young Ellis was not at the Castle lor the purposes of 
 teaching the Oneida children (and during the four years of his stay 
 tiiere he was not once called upon to teach them letters) to what 
 uses was put the school-room addition to the Skanandoah m;;:ision? 
 To hase uses. Upon every Thursday afternoon, the Indian.s who 
 would attend— young men, young women and aged persons— were 
 assembled in this room and treated to a discourse by Eleazer--not to 
 a variation of one of his ancestor's sermons, but to self-glorifiction. 
 These talks were devoted almost entirely to himself, to his birth and 
 childhood at Caughnawaga, to his infantile precocity, to his always 
 victorious strifes with his playmates, to his white ancestors of the 
 Williams family, to his nomadic exploits with his f.ather at Lake 
 (leorge, to any marvelous feat of his forest life which would prove 
 to his untutored listeners how mighty a hunter, how great a man, 
 lie uas.i"'» This man of reminiscences, however, is the same one who 
 in 1S51 told Mr. Hanson, "[ know nothing about my infancy. Every- 
 thing that occurred to me is Itlotted out. entirely erased, irrecoverably 
 gone. My mind is a blank until thirteen or foureen years of age.""" 
 
 This little incident has its large significance. Tf it be true, as Mr. 
 Hanson gravely narrates'"' — and Mrs, l-'vans. of course, too."- — 
 thai Eleazer, the disguised dauphin, between the period of his adop- 
 tion by Thomas Williams at ten years of age and his removal to 
 Longnieadow. had a fall into the limpid flood of Lake George, by 
 which a deep gash was cut in his head and as a result of which distinct 
 recollection began after a period of imbecility and mental unsound- 
 ness, how happens it that in these discourses to the Oneida aborig- 
 ines whose brains he was .filling with his own niagnihcent proportions, 
 his memory reverted, not to the gorgeous halls of the Tuileries, not 
 to the gay avenues of rollicking Paris, not to the sombre seclusion of 
 the dreadful Temple, not to the long line of his royal sires stretching 
 to Hugli Capet, but to the leafy retreats of Caughnawaga, to his In- 
 dian jdaymates in those woody shades, to himting and tr;tp[iing and 
 fishing at Lake George, to his austere strain of pale faced ai (.e^tors in 
 Deertield .iiid Roxbury? 
 
 While I'^lea/er was thus exalting his ancestors, one of thcni paid 
 liini a \isit. Twice Thomas Williams traveled to the Castle I0 visit 
 his son and there young Flllis nia<k' his ac(iuaintance. He noticed, 
 and iiKiin other'; noticed, liow iiuicli the --oil favored the fnther, Ti 
 
 li;'.i. I'.llis' l':irii/.ci' Williiini>. Wi-. lli-l. I'nlL \lll 
 ITi>. Iliiiison's 'J'lio I/)st Prince, ,'io!>. 
 171. llnnsmi's Tlie Txist I'rliiec, 1S;i. 
 
164 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 the son was Bourl,(,nic-an(l no one denies tliat his appearance cspe 
 cially in youth, strongly suggested the French' ^^'-tlien was h.s fa- 
 ther Bourhonic also, for the latter had the peculiar cast of countenance 
 stronger than the son.''» De Loriniier the head chiet of the Ciiugh- 
 nawagas in i8si had the same features in a high <legree; so also had 
 Grand Baptiste. the Lachine pilot: so also had another half-l.ree.l. 
 Francis Mount, a Rice relative of F.leazer. Indeed these -Bourbon 
 facial characteristics wore common to all the Caughnawagas descended 
 from white ancestors. De Lorimier exhibited to Dr. Williams at the 
 investigation several members of the tribe who had the peculiar or 
 Bourbon features.' '■'• This infantile resemblance, real <.r fancied, to 
 Louis XVII to which the attention of his mother and himself was 
 called in his childhood by passing soldiers'"" doubtless started the 
 busy and wilv mind of the adult Kleazer upon that scheme ot per- 
 sonation and"decepti..n which a half-century of explanation has not. 
 it appears, completely exposed.'" 
 
 Yet l-leazer did not lack traces of his swarthy l)irth. Ilis skin 
 was dark and of peculiar Indian texture. His hair, eye-brows and 
 eye-lashes were of the most inky raven blackness.'"^ His complexion 
 and hair stamped him a> of mixed savage and civilized bloo.l; nuleed. 
 one connoisseur writes that I'leazer had that peculiar tint which dis 
 tinguished half-breeds among the Six Nations from half-breeds in die 
 west '-« His dark comi)lexion. so opposite fr.mi the blonde features m 
 Louis XVH.'^» was noticed by .Mrs. Kinzie in 1830. who had she noi 
 heard his Connecticut relatives so often call him thnr Indian cuumu 
 might have thought him a Mexican or a Spaniard.'^' 
 
 Nor did he lack decidcl evi.lence of his Williams ancestry. 1 he 
 frontispiece portrait in Tlw lost I'rimr shnws many WMliams feat- 
 ures \ letter in mv possession from Kdwavd H. Williams, jr., t... 
 technical for insertion and re.|uiring ill.istral...n> for its elucidation. 
 shows these resemblances in a cnnvincing manner. i^- 
 
 17.T UobprtSMn-s TI,o Last of ih. lionH.on Story. IMU.uMn, "•.."•/;• -'f; 
 
 Vmt.m-s I.mis XVII. .n-l Kl,.,/...!- Will s, I'HtnM.ns. 11, .,, <. aXl: !■ a' ■ m . .M N. « 
 
 York. ICmIi.: IvIII.h's Kiisy Clmir. Ihinns. .Imic l^s:;. UN. 
 
 174. Kills' Kl.MZcr WllUmns. Wis. Hist. c:..l.. VIII. 'MS. 
 
 1-5. lA'ltcrs. April <1. 1.'.. 1S!>H. Irutii KdwanI II. Williams. ,ii-. 
 
 t7(i. Novllle's (!r.';.n Hay. SSV. IhinioMUs Kl.-a/.-r Williams. 'J..... 
 
 177. I'arkmairs Ilnlf-Ci'iiliiry or Coiilliit. I. ■s.s. 
 
 178. Ellis' Klonzor Williams. Wis, Ilisl, Cull VllI, ."il.S, 
 
 179. Trowbridsifs F.loazoi- Williams, AVis. Illsl. <„li. VII. 114, 
 
 180. Bcnnc! osno's li-juls XVII., 20, , ,■ , 
 1S1 Kln/.l-'s Waul.mi. 52. Kln./,.T lia.l Hi.' liHiiaM liai.il ,.r t.Miiitr iM, wuH. 
 
 When Krown he trio.l In vain to ovo, ,„ . Lit...-. M..y 2, IS'Mi from '■;<'«"f'l "' 
 
 Wmiams. .jr. Ills .ars also lM..n,,v,,i him, Ilull-.-s S„ ry of ^""^ ^ \' ' l^,' 
 Nation. May :!1. isul, 417; Sh-a -m Kioaz-r Williams. .\m', Ilisl. U.-or.l. .Ml.v IS.-. 
 
 naeo ^t(Kt 
 
 l.s-j' I.,.t(.r Mav S. ISOC. fiom K.lawnl II, Williams, .ir. Tho fruntisim- 
 
 fhiB paper Is a half lonr trom ,■. plimo^;,a f an ..11 pnintins of Elcaz-.r Will-au. 
 
HIS FORl^:Iir^'NKRS, HIMSELF. 
 
 IW 
 
 Notwithstanding the success which attended Eleazer's early evan- 
 gelizing efforts at the Castle incidents were happening which fretted 
 him, alienated his friends and impaired his usefulness. Indeed, the 
 same dishonest traits which weakened his hold upon the Canadian 
 Indians began to display themselves. An instance must be given: 
 Mention has been made of the little church which the (Jneidas were 
 to build from the avails of the transfer of a portion of their reserva- 
 tion to the governor of New York. These avails, four thousand dol- 
 lars, were intrusted to two gentlemen in Utica who having implicit 
 confidence in Eleazer committed them to him. The building was com- 
 pleted at a cost not exceeding fourteen hundred dollars, but the bal- 
 ance was never repaid nor could the trustees ever bring Eleazer to 
 adjust his accounts.' ^'^ 
 
 More than this, he was constantly in trouble with the white resi- 
 dents at Oneida Castle who, rendering to him their bills for services 
 performed or merchandise delivered, invariably found their claims con- 
 tested and payment procrastinated. Thus his reputation began to 
 darken, his influence to wane, among his white neighbors and his 
 Indian tlock.'^* 
 
 But in spite of these domestic troul)les Eleazer during his itay at 
 the Castle began to be widely known as an authority on matters iier- 
 taining to the Indians. From New York, Philadelphia, Hartford, 
 Boston, letters were addressed to him enquiring about labors of mis- 
 sionaries among the Indians; the travels and discoveries of La Sdlc, 
 Hennepin, Marquette; early conflicts of the red man with New Eng- 
 land settlements and topics pf kindred nature. The Rev. Samuel F. 
 Jarvis, 1). D., Colonel Elihu Hoyt, Franklin B. Hough and Mrs. 
 Lydia Huntley Sigourney, among others, sought his experience, 
 knowleilge and study concerning Indian history, manners and tradi- 
 tions.'"*'' Wi there is grave reason to fear, in the cases of two, at least, 
 of these eiuiuirers, that I'llea^er Williams wilfully deceived them con- 
 cerning the massacre at Ueertielil. ]Cpei)hras Hoyt publisiied h's 
 meritorious Antiquarian Researches in Greenfield, Massachusetts, 
 in i8_'4. While he was preparing bis chapter relative to de Rouville s 
 raid, the author's brother. Colonel Elihu Hoyt, conversed with Eleazer 
 and learned -^onie quite new matters concerning the morning of Fei)- 
 ruary 29, 1704. He discovered, for instance, that Eleazer on a 
 recent vist to Canada, had found a silk overdress which Mrs. Eunice 
 Williams wore that fateful morning when the Indians hurried hi r 
 
 executed nl)i>\it 18;i3 by George Catlln and now owned by tho Wlsonnsln Stato His- 
 torlcnl Sodt^ty. 
 
 IS,"?. Kills' Kleazcr Wllllam.s, Wis. Hist. Coll. VIII, .IM. 
 
 184. Ellis' ElenziT Williams, Wis. Htst. Coll. Vtll, 32."); . oniparo WUlianis' Te 
 lio-ra-gwane-KPn, Honcli's Introdnrllon, iiafii' 0. 
 
 IS,'), Holiertsnn's Tlio U\st of the Honrlion Stnry Putnam's. 11. n s. ".14. 
 
l()G 
 
 ELEAZFAt WILLIAMS. 
 
 
 ofif directly after the sacking (if the village. But it is exceedingly im- 
 probable that Mrs. Williams stopped to don her party gown on that 
 massacre morning, while it is a fact that she was tomahawked one 
 day's march out of Deeriield and her body left, unplundered, as it 
 fell, by retreating savages. Likewise, Eleazer told Colonel lloyt thit 
 returning commanders of expeditions were required to deposit in one 
 of the principal convents in Canada copies of the journals of their ex- 
 peditions, and that he. Kleazer. had found in a convent in Can;ida a 
 copy of de Rouville's journal of his raid upon Deerfield. Hut. no 
 such deposit of these documents in convents was ever re(|uired. no such 
 documents were ever so deposited and no eye save Eleazer's sot n.s 
 ever to have seen do Rouville's journal. Still again, Eleazer related 
 to Colonel Hoyt and to others that when Deerfield was destroyed th.' 
 Indians removed the church hell, conveyed it as far as Lake Champlain 
 and buried it there; that later it was dug up. conveyed to Canada 
 and hung in the Indian church at St. Regis. Rut apart from the oir- 
 cumst.uice that St. Regis was not established until half a century 
 after Deeriield was raided, the Deerfield church had no bell.^**" The 
 practising of this unposition upon ^^rs. Sigourney has given the 
 world The hell of St. Re^is.'"'' Mr. Hough, who. however, perched 
 the Deerfield iiell in the Caughnawaga steeple, seems to have printed 
 the .s;<mc story without sufficient investigation. 'S"* and Mr. Longfellow 
 has accepted it without (|uestion."^" Somewhat later, about 1850. 
 Eleazer attempted a fraud upon the state of New York. He offered 
 to sell to the secretary of state .Marcpictte's Journal and his oriL'.inal 
 map wliich I'Lleazer claimed to have found in the ruins of the Caughna- 
 waga church.!'"' But the Caughnawaga church was never in ruins ami 
 the original Marquette Journal ami map were. ;it tie time FJeazer 
 olTered to sell ihem. one of the chief jewels of St. Mary's College, 
 .MoiUreal, as they are to this day.'"' 
 
 .\ circumstance wliich contributed to the wide reputation oi 
 i'.leazer Williams as an Indianologist was the scheme which he either 
 originated or actively advanced for an emigration of New York red 
 men to the regions west of Lake Michigan and the foundation of an 
 Indian empire there over which he should reign. With whom the 
 
 IMi. ll..,M's .Miliqunriaii l!<.sciiivli, ,s, IJi.'t: U.';;isli'f XXVIII. U.S7; I'r.ico 'ilinns of 
 MiissarliiiNclls lllsl.irliiil Sucicly. 1,S(i>,t-7ii, iKi^i' ail. Scc> In tlii' Caliixy for .Jiiiui.ny, 
 IsTe. pii^M' 1:14. I la I'lisliri* Sti>iy a rrailiili'.c ji^ riiiiiit <if tlio iniuaiici'. 
 
 Is" .\lis. .Sl);iiiirm\v's puciii Is piliilcil as .Viiin-ndix IV. 
 
 iss, [TiiiiKli's .'^t. Uiwrciicf anil I'ranklln lonntiis. tl.'i. 
 
 IN'.t. I'lM ins* of riai'i's .\nii'i-ira. its. 
 
 1!M(. SIm'm's Irliii- In Anirii.an llsliii l.iil Kr. i.nl, ,In y 1.S72 put! • MM. 
 
 I'.n. The Jiinrnal was in tin Hi. Id IHimi, Qnolicr, from iiImmiI I.siI i niUll 1S42; 
 nnil In the r<illi'p' of St. Mary In Mnnlical fioni \XVi nnlll the iirc-cnl lini'. Wlnsnr'H 
 Carl 111- to I'rnnltMiiir. 1!47. Tlii' map was found liy .\Ir. Slica In tlir Onlli'tti' of ,st. 
 Mary ulnM-o il w.-is pni in IM'J. Wlnsor'i Narrallvi' anil frllical Illslory IV. U17. 
 
 
HIS FOIiElU'X.XEES, HIMSELF. 
 
 167 
 
 idea of peopling tliesc Occident shores with orient aborigines first iiad 
 birth— whctiier with the Rev. Jcdcdiah Morse, D. D.,'"^ or with the 
 Rev. Eleazer WilHams,"'^ ^^ wliether it had still earlier origin with the 
 tribes theinselves'»'-is iiiiniaterial here. Certain it is that in i8'o 
 Dr. Morse""-- visited Mackinaw and Green Eay at the instance of the 
 Stockbndge Indians, •»'■■ for the purpose of selecting, and negotiating 
 for a cession of. eligible lands. The choice which he made and ids 
 report'"' upon the condition of the tribes in the west, were so satis- 
 factory to the Slockbridges that they deterniined to enlist the co-op- 
 eration of their friends and neighbors, tiie Oneidas. For this purptjse 
 Dr. Morse in October, i8_'o, visited the Castle'»s ^nd found not onlv 
 that bdcazer W illiams was ripe for the removal, but that he had .dready 
 taken a step in that direction. That step was his first western trip. 
 
 In the preceding winter application had been made to the War 
 Department at Washington by persons purporting to be representa- 
 tives of some of the New York Iroquois tribes, and of the Stockbridge 
 and St. Regis tribes, for leave to visit the Green Bay Indians. The 
 secretary of war granted the iiermission, furnished delegates ro the 
 number of twelve with rations and ammunition and directed the 
 Commissioner of Indian AfTairs at Detroit to expedite the travelers 
 with a government vessel should one fit for service be there upon 
 their arrival. The delegation, in which was Eleazer Williams 
 reached Detroit July 22, 1820, in the steamboat Walk-in-thc 
 wata-y^^ But the party proceeded no further. Learning that the 
 Indian agent at Green Bay, Colonel John B..wyer, had received from 
 the Menominces a cession of forty miles square of their land at Fort 
 Howard, which was the very land the members of the delr-gation 
 coveted, and the purchase of which was their real errand, they returned 
 home defeated and chagrined '-'"" 
 
 MIL'. ICnis' .\o\v Y.iik InaiaiiH, Wis. lllsL {\,\\. n. 40,, 
 
 \m. Kills' Nmv York Iiiiliiins. Wis, llisi, (oil. ii. (21: Ellis' F'. iizcr Williams 
 
 Wis. iiist. Coll. VIII, ;i;ii. 
 
 IIM. Miirsh-s Sl,.rkl.n,lrrs. Wis. UN,, CoH. iv. ;i,M,: Kins' N,.w y.„k liKlians, 
 II, 410. 
 
 111.-.. K.)i- n hiU'l- skol,|, „r I),.. .Moi-so soc Davidson's In nnia ,1 Wi- in IT 
 
 II.' aiTiv.Ml in (iiwii Ila.v, .Inl.v 7, |S2,l, as si'c I)avl,|.oii. .",:;: \,nill,'s < , Hay IT",- 
 
 Kills' .\,.w York Indians, Wis. Ills!, loll. H. IIT. n,.t.. niinlr (IJiv.m lliv ' pa-,. 
 X) ill wriiiiiu l.s;;i, i^ ono .vi'ar t<j,i laic. 
 
 Hit!. Tlir ,^lo(kl.ildK..s. inoiv pi-o|),.rI.v .nil,-! 111,. \lo l,,. kni-nrck- w,.,,. , nii 
 Ki-anls al an oarly da.v from .Massaohnsrils (o oii.dda «'n„Mly. Ww YoiU, wiuTo Hi,. 
 
 Oli.diias ,v,|,.d lo ihcni a sli,'„ from Iho S,,Mllioni porii, i i|„.ir i„>,>iyali,in. Kills' 
 
 New York Indians, A\ls, Illst. Cill II, tltl. 
 
 1!'7, This roporf. tlu- most .■,,nii.l,.t.. an I cxhaiisi iv,. , ,v r ma, I i ih,. .on 
 
 dilion. iMimlior, naim's. torril, ry ,n;d ;:< lal affairs ol' l|„. ind atis wns iMhilsl ..,1 in 
 
 .New Haven in l.Slii;, VM\ pap's lavo. Calalovn," of rnit,.,l stal s I'nhli..all,ins, tin 
 
 lli.s. Kills' I'lli'azcr Williams, Wis. IIIsl, (^ill. Vlll. rfJT. 
 
 llil>. Hctniit (!a/.c.tli'. .Inly 'JS. lKL>ii, 
 
 -MMt. Kills' \(.u York 111,11,111s, Wis Illst, C 11 II. il'.'!. 
 
 .5 
 
 ir 
 
 
if 
 
 i 
 
 4 
 t 
 \ 
 
 ■ i 
 
 
 I i 
 
 168 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 Hence Eleazer was at the Castle to meet Dr. Morse in October. 
 1820 But although these two agreed in expediting an Indian hegira. 
 they differed radically in their motives. Indeed, there were three 
 motives operating' from three different directions in favor ot removal: 
 From Dr. Morse and the Stockbridges, that the latter and their com- 
 panions might have Christian homes, free from Caucasian contamin:i- 
 tion- from Eleazer Williams, that he might lead the Iroquois and then 
 allies to vast areas for a grand imperial confederacy; and trom th. 
 New York Land Company, that its already acquired pre-emption 
 right might attach to the fertile lands of the New \ork Indians 
 which would happen as soon as these should quit iic sta e.- ^ A 1 
 agreeing in the result to be accomplished, Eleazer was easily .he al y 
 of both He made the visit of Dr. Morse as pleasant and as proiitabk- 
 as the 'inertness of the Oneidas and their unwillingness to remove 
 would permit. Indeed, he put into their mouths an address 10 Dr 
 Morse agreeing to depart-an address which they never made and 
 which they repudiated as soon as they understood Its sentiment..- - 
 
 The treaty of cession which Colonel Bowyer made with the 
 Menominees was rejected by the Senate of the United ^tates'^^a and 
 therefore it was believed that a second trip to the west by the New 
 York Indians might result in their aciuiring the longed lor lands 
 about Fort Howard. Consequently in the spring oi 1821 bleazei 
 Wilfiams. aided by his friend Ellis, whose youthful ardor had been 
 stirred by the grandeur of the plan ot Indian empire unfohlcd to him. 
 began preparations for the journey.'-'" 
 
 ~ \ visit by them to New York. Philadelphia and Washington ac- 
 ■ complished much. The New York Land Company supplied theni with 
 money: the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society oithe in.a 
 estant Episcopal Church, and the Presbyterian Board ot M-ssions 
 handed them cautious Init efficacious endorsements and the 1 resHleiu 
 of the United States accorded his assent for a large delegation o 
 visit Green Bay under government patronage and prutection. He 
 party consisted of duly accredite.l representatives trom the St()ck- 
 hridoc. and from the first Christia-i party ot the One.das xNliieh had 
 tinairy approved Eleazer's plans. Individual Indians on then- own re 
 sponsibility joined the company from the Tusraroras. Onondagas and 
 Senecas for these tribes as bodies had never yielded their e,.nsent tn 
 Flea/er^ earnest Idandishments. Eleazer himsell went as rcpr.^ent,. 
 
 201 nnvldsnii's In fiinamrd Wi.->o.nslu. ,".; .Suihcnlnn.rs Kail.v W 1-' 
 IlNt Coll. X. 278 rur M.m.. aoc.ini.t ..r the Nvw VorU Lm..! CoiiManv 
 witli 111.' Six NalUiiis, S..0 S.nora Nation of In.llnrs v rhrlsly. !!• lln . ..lil 
 122; 1(12 U. S. 2S.'!. 
 
 202. KIllH' Kloazcr Williams. Wis. lll«r. <''.ll. VIII. :i'.'7, 
 
 2(Kt. I'^llls' Ni'w York Iiiillans, WIb. Illst. foil II. l;;:i. 
 
 "114 Kills' Kh'azor Wiiihiiiis. wi--. list. Col. VIII. :.'(i. :i;:i^ 
 
 iii.sin, A •■'. 
 '.1 rolatliii's 
 ; I21I N. V. 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 169 
 
 live of the St. Regis tribe but apparently without their authority. ^u'' 
 The delegation left Oneida in June, iSji.^o" and arrived July 12, 
 1821, on the JValk-in-the-Water at Detroit.^o^ Here Governor Cass 
 added Charles C. Trowbridge to the party to protect the gov..'rn- 
 ment's interests.-"** The H'olk-in-the-lVater, with its load of trav- 
 elers, started for Mackinaw July 31, i82i."^'-> Leaving Mr. Ellis tiicre, 
 for he was ill.-^'' the IValk-in-the-ll'ater advanced towards Green 
 Bay — the first steamer to plough the waters of Lake Alichigan.'-'^ 
 
 The party reached Green Bay August 5, 1821, -'-' but there was no 
 one to meet them. Colonel Bowyer, the Indian agent, had died 
 ihe preceding winter and the interested bands had not been informed 
 of the projected visit. With difficulty the Alenoniinees and Winne- 
 bagoes were brought into council. When so brought they at first 
 refused to negotiate. Finally, however, through the influence of the 
 French inhabitants and traders, a reconsideration was accomplished 
 and on August 18, 1821, a treaty was concluded by which was ceded 
 to the New York Indians a strip about four miles in width crossing 
 Fox River at right angles, with Little Chute as a center and running 
 each way equidistant with the grantors' claim to the country. The 
 price paid was five hundred dollars in cash and fifteen hundred dollars 
 in goods to be delivered the following year.-^-'' 
 
 If the agents were satisfied with this treaty their principals and 
 others whom they hoped to bind were not. All the tribes, except the 
 St. Regis band, took action upon the return of the delegates. The 
 cession was voted paltry and the motives of Eleazer were termed mer- 
 cenary if not villainous. The Oncidas especially, including even some 
 of the first Christian party, were vehement in their action. They 
 forwarded to Bishop Hobart a document, dated November 2t. 1821, 
 remonstrating against the scheme to rob them of their homes and make 
 them fugitives and vagabonds, cautioning him against recognizing 
 Eleazer as having any authority to represent them cither civilly or 
 religiously, and requesting the Bishop to witlidniw him as their 
 religious teacher.-'* 
 
 205. 
 olUctlons 
 
 20(i. 
 
 207. 
 
 208. 
 
 2(1!>. 
 
 210. 
 
 211. 
 
 212. 
 
 2i;i. 
 wn«' nppi'ii 
 
 214. 
 Coll. VUI 
 
 Kills' Eloiizer Williams, Wis. 111st. Coll. VIII, ;i3;!, ^31: Wh'ltlesoys Itec- 
 Wls. Hist. Coll. 1, 68 note. 
 Kills' Uoi'olleotlons, Wis. Hist. Coll. VII, 210. 
 Detroit Gazette, July 13, 1821. 
 
 Kills' Elcazor WlUlatus, Wis. lllst. Coll. VIII, 335. 
 Hnlrd's lOnrlj- Wisconsin, Wis. Hist. Coll. II. 94, note. 
 Ellis' RecoUectlmp, Wis. Hist. C.iU. VII, 213. 
 Hnlrd's Karly Wisconsin, Wis. Hist. Coll. 11. 94, iin.l n..to. 
 Diirrle's Gicon Buy, 8. 
 
 Martin's Address, Jammry 21. Is51, pai;.' ;»'., glvo> th ■ treaty i.i full Ii 
 ived tiy the president, Fotininry 19, 1822. 
 
 Davidson's In Unnamed Wisconsin. 64; Ellis' Eli azer WIIUmiiis, Wis. Hl>t. 
 :i;ir.. 
 
170 
 
 KLEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 ■!1 
 
 I 
 
 But to this docunicnt altliough certain in its sound and pointed 
 in its statements the Bisliop paid no heed. Moreover, the pr.-sident 
 by a new order permitted a third visit to Green Hay, in 1822, tor the 
 purpose of paying for the former i)urciiase and also for attemptinfi: an 
 extension of the cession. Akhuogh the Iroquois were still in opposi- 
 tion, the delegation was l;irger than l)efore for the Stockhridges had 
 brought in the Brothertowns and t'^e Munsces.-i'"' The party, h^lcazer 
 included, reached Green Bay September i, 1822. The granting Indians 
 assembled to receive their deferred payment and were asked for an 
 enlargement of the grant. The Winnebagoes refused and retired. 
 The Menominees finally, after much parleying in which Eleazer urged 
 many plausible arguments and made many fulsome promises, entered 
 into a treaty admitting the New York Indians to r-n occupancy in 
 common with them of all their couiUry without reserve — a treaty 
 which related to nearly one-half the present state of Wisconsin and 
 which became the source of endless trouble. -'« With slight modifica- 
 tion President Monroe gave Ifis approval March 13, i8j,v 
 
 So Eleazer Wdliams, in September, 1822, l)egan to reside in 
 Wisconsin. He and the individual Oneidas in the delegation who 
 had continued loyal to him remained the approaching winter m Green 
 Bay. 
 
 The iie.xt season about one hundred and fifty Oneidas of the 
 first Christian iiarty and as many Stockhridges removed to the new 
 possessions. But the implacable hostility of the Six Nations as 
 .•I whole continued, and although Oneidas and Stockhridges year after 
 year dribbled into the new territory the fewness of their numbers was 
 a disappointment to Eleazer and a menace to his and)itions.-i" 
 
 Eleazer's first residence in Green Bay was in the Indian Agency 
 building made v;icant by Colonel Bowyer's death. -"^ In this was a 
 large sijuare mom suitable for school ])urposes and scliools were 
 what the .Menominees desired. Indeed education, although not men- 
 tioned in the treaty with them, was written between its lines. The 
 Green Bay In(lian> intUienced by lluir alliances and business dealings 
 with the resilient French had formed a high opinio?! of intelligence 
 and admired the learning of the New York red men, not a few of 
 whom could read and write, h^le.'izer, in furthering the negotiations 
 
 L'l.". Tlie lirotlicrtowns were iisifoeiatid ri'imiiiiils nf v.iiiuiiH Now Kiinliiiul (lilii'i, 
 'Hio ,stii.klirl(l».'os sold ilicm a strip from tliclr SiulliiTii Loiilcr. Kills" Ninv Yc pk lii- 
 (lliliis, Wis. IIlsl. Coll. II, 410. The .Munsiis wcrp a liniiuli uf tlio Pflawaii'.s sciit. 
 tcrcd III riiiisiMniciii't' of liavliip sldi'd aualiisl llio I'lilmilsls In tlic Amciican Rvuliulnii. 
 Ill Wjscciiisin llic.v aro iinitiMl wltli Un' Stiicklii-ld'..'i's. liavldsnii's In rmianicl Wl.s- 
 • •(iiisiii. ."i4. 
 
 lilti. Kills' Il(M'(dlr'c(lMns. Wis, lllsl, I'l.ll. Vll, 'SS<: Kits" New Yi rk liKliaim, 
 Wis. Hist. Coll. II, lUs. Till- irciil.v In full is In Miiitiiis .\dilros. lis. 
 
 217. Kills' .Vcw York Indians. Wis. Hist, C.dl, II. l.ln, 
 
 lll.S. liMvldsoii's III I'liiiaiiu'd WIsroiiHln, 20'2. 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 171 
 
 for the treaty liatl kept tlie subject of education foremost in his lohl)y- 
 \ng and had promised profusely that if the New York Indians secured 
 the foothold they sought, the "institutions of civilization should imme- 
 diately be forthcoming. These promises made a deep impression— 
 their non-fulfillment a still deeper impression. Suffice it to say that 
 although a vacant room apt for school use was under Eleazer's roof, 
 though his friend Mr. Ellis pressed vigorously upon him his plighted 
 word, the ignorance and degradation of the untutored savages and the 
 expectations of the Eastern societies which had furthered the removal, 
 Eleazer completely banished the subject from his serious consideration 
 and raised another monument against himself in the breasts of those 
 wHiose religious teacher and exemplar he professed to be.^i" 
 
 On March 3, 1823, Eleazer Williams married Mary or Magdalene 
 or Madelaine Jourdain.--" She was the daughter of Joseph Jor.rdain 
 who about 1798 removed from Canada to Green Bay, and worked first 
 for Jacob Franks the blacksmith, and later for himself.--^. Afterwards 
 he became the blacksmith of the Indian department at the Bay.--^ 
 Joseph married the daughter of Michael Gravel whose wife was the 
 daughter of a Menominee chief.-^* All the witnesses represent the 
 wife of Eleazer as an attractive girl, — girl, literally, for she was but 
 fourteen years of age at the time of her marriage. --^ By Mr. Trow- 
 bridge she is called a pretty but uneducated half-breed.--'' Mr. Plan- 
 son speaks of her as of great personal attractions, considerable accom- 
 plishments and prepossessing sweetness of disposition.-"" Mrs. Evans 
 states that "she was a beautiful and amiable girl whose father was 
 French (said to be a relation of Marshal Jourdain) and whose mother 
 was of P'rench and Indian extraction. "-^t Mr. Wheelock informs me 
 that when he was accustomed to see her in and after 1841 she was 
 a handsome, fine appearing woman.--'* In addition to lier attractions 
 of person she owned between four and five thousand acres of land on 
 
 211). Kills' Kloa/.iM- Willliinis, Wis. UlKt. Coll. Vlll. .TI8. .\ sclmol was ostal - 
 ll.'ilied tluoUHli the PlTorts of .Mr. Ellis. See lii» Itt-(.)llrctli)iis, Wis, Hist. Coll. VII, 
 1.'20. In ospribliig t'llucatlonul liiitlntlve to Kloiizor. Mr. Wliitionl (Karl.v Hlslrry cf 
 Krtuciitlon in Wisconsin, and History of .SiMiool Sup.rvlsion, WIb. llisl. Coll. V, I!!!", 
 854) dnoa not, Hive propor croillt. Kor Kloazer's loMnlntis on tlie snlijcot ol' llii^ iiln 
 oatlon of Ijis raco, soo ColtonV Tour 1, 175. 
 
 L'2i). Hanson's The I^wt I'lincc, ;{0O. 
 
 Ii2l. (irltinon's U. coHci lions. Wis. Hist. Coll. HI, i't.-I. 
 
 •222. Trowl.i'ldKo's Kloazi-i- Williams Wis. Hist, Coll. VII, 114. 
 
 22;f. (ii'lunoii's KccolUMlions, Wis. Hist. Coll. HI,, 2.-i;{. .Iosi'|ih .L.nidiln died 
 Sla.v 21, IStki: his wife dicil .Inni' l,'l, isil.-|, .Sre .Mis, Wil'laiiis' Dary. 
 
 224. Neville's (.ifeen Hay, 221. 
 
 22,-). TrowlirldKe Khazer Williams, Wis, UisI, Coll,, VII,. 411. 
 
 22t!. Ihinnon'H 'llie UiHt I'rIncc, .'IcO. 
 
 227. Evans" Story of Ixmis XVH.. :ii), 
 
 22,S, I'ei'sonnI Interview .May INlMt, uilli ilir aiilhnr. 
 
172 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 Fox River near Green Bay.^-® To the author of the Williams geneal- 
 ogy Eleazci, in 1846, mentioned her as "Mary Ilobart Jourdan. a dis- 
 tant relative of the king of France from whom he has been honored 
 with several splendid gifts and honors, among the rest a golden 
 cross and star.''-^" In other conversation with the same person 
 Eleazer stated that the prince de Joinville was a relative of his wife 
 and that this relationship caused the visit, (to be hereinafter narrated) 
 which that prince made to Eleazer in 1841 and the g'Us which 
 followed the visit.-'''^ I make no comment upon this st -it to 
 
 urge that, if the prince was a relative of Mrs. William. as a 
 
 very ungallant young Frenchman to travel all the distance n .a Paris 
 to Green Bay and not once tender his respects to his beautiful kins- 
 woman. 
 
 Eleazer's matrimonial incident does not enhance respect for the 
 masculine participator. At the time of the marriage he was almost 
 three times the age of the young girl; she was tlien betrothed to a 
 worthy young trader; she was not consulted as to her willingness to 
 marry Eleazer; she was not even allowed a woman's privilege of a 
 courtship, but was notified one morning that she need not go to 
 school that day as she was to be married that evening to "Priest 
 Williams." One authority finds in these uncliivalrous proceedings an 
 evidence that the bridegroom was not a high-oorn Frenchmen. -•'- 
 
 Mrsi Williams had three children— two of them daughters. These 
 last died in infancy, one about October 15, 1841.28^ The son John, 
 born about 1825,23* was in 1867 the captain of a steamboat on Lake 
 Winnebago.-'"^ He died in 1884 from injuries received in his busi- 
 ness.-'"^ Eleazer Williams told the genealogist Dr. S. W. Williams 
 in 1846 that his son, the said John, was then upon a visit to the king 
 of France at the latter's request.^^'^ One can imagine the glee of the 
 cunning Indian as he solemnly doled out his morsels of unmitigated 
 tiction to auditors who relying upon his clerical profession implicitly 
 believed all his lies. 
 
 Descendants of John ^^'il!inms arc now, it is said, residents of 
 
 229. Hanson's The I^st Prince, 300; Evans' Story of Louis .N.VII., 3u; McCuH'b 
 Jonniai, Wis. Hist. Toll., XH., 185. 
 
 230. Williams' Williams Family, 00. 
 
 231. Williams' Rodcemed Captivf, 177. 
 
 232. Draper's AdUitlonal Notes, W'la. Hist. I'oll., VIII., 307; Neville's Grien 
 Bay, 221. A view of tlie house whore the wediling took plaee Is at 1 ago 21!» 01' the 
 latter book. 8ee also Baird's Indian Cusloms, Wis. Hist. Coll., IX., 321. Some 
 account of the wedding Is in Ellis* RccoUcclions, Wis. Hist. Coll., VII., 227. 
 
 233. Hanson's The Lost I'rince, 372. 
 
 234. Kegister, XIII., 95. 
 
 2.15. Allibone's Dictionary of Authors, HI., 2738. 
 230. Green Bay Gazette, .July, 1S8C. 
 237. Williams' Wllliums Family, 90. 
 
HIS FORERrXNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 173 
 
 Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Mrs. Williams, the widow of Elcazcr, was in 
 1874 living alone in a desolate looking cabin near Green Bay, its 
 only embellishments a few simple articles of bead or porcupine em- 
 broidery, and a well-executed life-size portrait in oil of Eleazer Wil- 
 liams, on either side of which were suspended exquisitely finished en- 
 gravings of Louis XVI. of France and Marie Antoinette.^** Mrs. 
 Williams adopted her husband's diary habit. From one of her 
 journals penned when well along in years it appears that she took 
 interest in her farm, produce and livestock and in the domestic affairs 
 of her relatives and neighbors. She died in her cabin home, which 
 was in the town of Lawrence in Brown County, July 21, 1886.239 
 
 Resuming the chronological narrative: In 1824, the next year 
 after Elcazer's marriage, he was licensed to perform the marriage 
 ceremony for others— at that time a civil service.^^o At about the 
 same period he began to preach in Green Bay, using the much mod- 
 ernized discourses of his Deerfield great ancestor.2+1 in the fall of 
 1825 he took his young wife to New York, where Bishop Hobart 
 baptized and confirmed her, giving her his sirname for her middle 
 name. Her christianization "excited almost as vivid a sensation in 
 the fashionable world as had that of Pocahontas in English society 
 two centuries before."-^- In the spring of 1826 at Oneida Eleazer was 
 ordained as a deacon by Bishop Hobart, but he never attained any 
 higher ecclesiastical rank.^" Returning to Green Bay he preached 
 at the Post school-house^** and in his (lowing robe did service in the 
 episcopalian form.--*'' 
 
 But he was not so occupied with religious atifairs as to forget 
 that grand earthly empire that he would fain establish. And yet the 
 establishing was very slow. The New York Indians came in but 
 scant numbers and the Indians already settled, disaffected by his 
 broken promises and his want of earnestness for their spiritual wel- 
 fare, withdrew their confidence. The Domestic and Foreign Mis- 
 sionary Society trusted him no longer. Finally in 1827 the Menom- 
 inees, the tribe which had opened its lands to the New York Indians, 
 showed its opposition to him by its attitude towards them. This was 
 at the treaty of Butte des Morts, concluded August 11, 1827,2" bc- 
 
 238. Martin's Uncrowned Hapsburg. 87. 
 
 -;il). Gri't-n Bay Ciuzette, July, 1880; O'Erlon's .\ocoiint of EU'Uzer WUUams. In 
 Chlougo Times, Soptem.'cr 18, 1880. 
 
 240. Durrle'8 Green Bay, 9. 
 
 241. Kills' Eleazer Williams, Wis. Hist. Coll., VlII, .•!2t. 
 
 242. Miirtln's Uncrowned Hapslmig, !>2: Neville's Gre.u Bay, 222. 
 
 213. Davidson's In Unnamed Wisconsin. 65; Letter of Mrs. Evans in Green Ba? 
 Gazette, July, 1895; Miss Martin's Reply, Grren Bay Gazette. July 28. 1805. 
 244. Kills' Kccollcotlons, Wis. Hist. Coll., VII., 237. 
 246. MeCall's Jounial, Wis. Hist. Coll.. XII., 1!K). 
 2411. McCall's Journal, Wis. Hist. Coll.. XII.. 172. 
 
174 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 K| 
 
 tween the Mcnominees and tlic governnuMit. By this instrument but 
 little regard was paid to anj- riglits formerly given to the eastern 
 Indians. If ill faith be imputed to the contracting parties there is 
 nnich justitication alleged. The arrivals from New York had been so 
 few that it was not fair to the rapidly growing west to concede to 
 those few an imperial territory. Moreover, it was notorious that few 
 if any more were expected to migrate. It was poor policy to yield 
 up in perpetuity to a few Oneidas. Stockbridges, Brothertowns, Mun- 
 sees, a parcel of country equal to about one-half of the present state 
 of Wisconsin. -^" 
 
 In 1829 Colonel Samuel C. Stambaugh of Pennsylvania became 
 Indian agent at Green Bay. His advice to the Mcnominees was 
 along the line of the Butte des Morts treaty— to ignore the New York 
 Indians and sell land to the government-'^— advice which estal)lishcd 
 him in the high regard of the Mcnominees and in the low esteem of 
 Klcazer who saw in the acceptance of this advice the death of his am- 
 bitious hopes. 
 
 In 1830 commissioners appointed by the president under authority 
 actually granted by, or plainly inferable from, the treaty of Butte des 
 Morts appeared at the Bay, to localize, to establish boundaries for, 
 the New York tribes which, under the treaty of 182J, were in the 
 reservations of the IMenominees. At the conference held with these 
 commissioners Elcazer Williams ai)peared as the representative of 
 the St. Regis Indians, -^'•' not one of whom, so far as I can learn, 
 had yet arrived at Green Bay as a settler. The commissioners accom- 
 plished nothing — the Mcnominees, Oshkosh at their head, refused any 
 agreement by which the New York Indians were to have separate 
 localization. Indeed, Oshkosh denied that they had any claims at 
 all, yet as these Indians were on the ground they could be considered 
 as tenants at will during good behavior but not as owners or con- 
 trollers of the soil.-"'" 
 
 This was Colonel Stambaugh's opportunity. Accompanied by a 
 dozen or more Alenominees he started November 8, 1830, for Wash- 
 ington. Upon reaching Detroit Mr. and Mrs. Williams, who had 
 followed the party from Green Bay, were olficially attached to it by 
 Governor Cass, although Elcazer and the other New York Indians 
 were opposed to the object of the errand. -''i The Menominecs suc- 
 ceeded in effecting a cession to the government of more than one-half 
 
 247. Kills" Elpiizer Willliiuis, Wis. Hist. Coll., VIII., atl. Kle.izcr WiUiiims' 
 viows of the wroiiKs done to the New Ymk Iiidliins will be fi iiml In ('(ilt.iii's Tour. I., 
 ITS Pt .sfi/. 
 
 •2iS. Ellis' New York Iiiilliins, Wis. Hist. Coll., II., -132. 
 
 24i). .McCall's ,Touniiil. Wis. Ilisl. Coll , XII., 1!»2. 
 
 250. Kills' .Now York Imliiiiis. Wis. IIIsl. Coll.. II., 4.'12 
 
 2.'il. Cnrpenlcr's .Sketch of Iiiiuh'l Ilie.id, Wis. lllst. Coll., Ill , M. 
 
H'r, FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 176 
 
 r)i' tlicir possessions west of Lake Michigan, ignorin« almost wholly 
 the rights which about eight years before they had solemnly conferred 
 upon their eastern brethren. This, the Stambaugh treaty,-''- dated 
 February 8, 1831. was not confirmed by the senate exactly as made, 
 for the New Yoric senators proposed to be just to the emigrants from 
 that state to the wcsttMMi territory. The details of much negotiation 
 and nnich heart-burning are not pertinent here. Suffice it to say 
 that when the vexed land question was finally settled the Stockbridges, 
 Munsees and Brothertowns were restricted to a parcel, eight miles 
 by twelve, on the eastern shores of Lake Wmnebago, while the i^Jnei- 
 (las and other scattered Six Nations were settled at Duck Creek west 
 of Fox River on a tract about twelve miles scjuare. The senate ratified 
 this arrangement May 17. 1838. '-•''■'• 
 
 This was the end of the scheme of ambition and temporal sov- 
 ereignty which for almost a score of years Eleazer Williams had 
 nourished and fostered. The dusky empire had disintegrated, the 
 (litTerent bands discordant and hostile had been confined in narrow 
 paddocks, the tide of white civilization was rushing in. No longer 
 a public character Eleazer had withdrawn from Green Bay and was 
 residing upon his wife's estate at Little Kaukaulin, there to remain 
 in humble obscurity until a wilder dream for wider empire should 
 arouse his dormant hopes. 
 
 l'".leazcr had become not only dethronetl but discredited. For 
 (|uite a period he had been chaplain of the Oneidas settled at Duck 
 Creek, upon an annual salary of two bundled and fifty dollars.-''* 
 Vet he constantly neglected his Hock. More than this, he forbade the 
 Oneidas to receive the evangelizations of pastors of other denomina- 
 tions. -•'•"' Weary of neglect, still wearier of him, the Oneidas held a 
 council in b'ebruary, i8,?j, to which the Indian agent, C\)lonel George 
 Boyd,-"'" was summoned and to which he invited some citizens of 
 Green Bay. These Oneidas were .-hietly of the First Christian party, 
 whom Eleazer had bound to himself a tlozen years before, in the first 
 days of his ministrations, before the cares of this world and the de.cil- 
 fulness of riches had made him unfit to be their pastor. The assembled 
 Indians after rehearsing their grievances against Fleazer concluded 
 with an address to the agent, stating that they had invited him to 
 assist them in making a final separation from Eleazer and dismissing 
 
 fl 
 
 2r>2. ElUs' .\(\v Vdi-U Iniliaus, Wl.-;. llipt. CM., II., l.*?."! glvps o.vtiacis fMiii the 
 Stuiiili.iuKli tioaty. 
 
 •S>:\. KlUs' .New Viirk Iiiill.ins. Wis. lll.st. Coll., H., 44,"), 44S; Kills' K.lcMZor 
 WUllimis, Wis. Ilisl. r,,il., VIII., ;i43. 
 
 Li,->1. McCiiU's .Idiiniiil, WI.S. Hist. Coll., XII., 1S5. 
 
 2.V1. liavlilson'.-i 111 riiiiaiiifil \Visc(iii.-<lii, 122. 
 
 2riti. Ciiloni'l SliiiiiliMiiL'li's a[i|i()iiitiiioiit iis iin Iiiili.in .Vsrcnl wiis roliisi'il conllruiii- 
 lioii mill Ciiloiii'l Ito.vil was apiMiiiiii'il in liis riiuin. 
 
176 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 iiim entirely. They expressed their desire to repudiate hitn siiiii- 
 inarily, to warn the government of the United States, the state of New 
 York and all church and missionary societies against recognizing his 
 authority to act for them, to speak in their name, or in any possible 
 way to meddle in their affairs. They requested Colonel Boyd to draft 
 in triplicate an instrument to be signed by them and witnessed by him 
 and by his invited guests, setting forth distinctly and plainly their 
 protestations — one for the secretary of war, another for the governor 
 of New York, the third for the proper authorities of the Episcopal 
 church. These documents were drafted and signed and committed 
 to the agent for delivery — an action which while perhaps neither 
 technical, official nor ecclesiastical, fully justified the authors of His- 
 toric Green Bay in writing of Eleazer Williams as a "disowned clergy- 
 man of the Episcopal church, "^^^ notwithstanding the assertion con- 
 cerning him of Dr. Hawks on January i, 1853, "He is in good standing 
 as a clergyman and is deemed a man of truth among his acquaintance 
 and those with whom he has longest lived. "^''^ 
 
 Exactly what his standing was in and about Green Bay. let Air. 
 John Y. Smith witness, who knew him intimately from i8j8 until 
 1837:250 
 
 He was a f.it, lazy, good-for-nothing Indian; but cuDniDg,260 rrafly, fiuitful In 
 expedients to raise the wind and unscrupulous about the means of accimpllsliing It. 
 During the last four or five years of mj- acquaintance with him, I doubt whether 
 there was a man at Green Hay wliose word commanded less confldince than that ot 
 Kleazer Williams. His character for dishonesty, trickery and falsehood becanu' so 
 notorious and scandalous that respectable Episcopalians preferred c!iarg<'8 against him 
 to Rl.shop <)uderdonk.201 But as .Mr. Williams was located in tlie di( ceso of Wis- 
 consin under Bishop Kemper, the bishop of New York disclaimed jurisdiction of the 
 c.iBc; and, as Williams was there under a commission from a society in New York, 
 Bishop ICemper disclaimed Jurisdiction of the case, and In consequence of thee 
 counter-disclaimers the charges were never investigated 2112 
 
 ■| 
 
 ;!44. 
 
 I., 
 
 •ibi. 
 
 258. 
 194. 
 259. 
 260. 
 
 Neville's Ureen Bay, 222. Ellis' Eleazer Williams, Wis. Hist. C'oll. VIII 
 Dr. Hawks' Introduction to Have Vic a Bourbon Among Us?- Putnam's 
 
 .Smith's Eleazer Williams, Wis. Hist. Coll., VI., 330. 
 
 Cunning is ascribed to Eleazer In one of the earliest cliaracterlzatlons of 
 him us aa adult which I have seen— In August. 18:i0. See .McCall's Jourual, Wis. Hist. 
 Coll., XII., 185. 
 
 261. Bishop Hobart had died September ]2, 1830; Benjamin T. Onderdonk snc 
 ceedcd him as bishop of New York, November 26, 1830. The Hev. Jacksun Kumiier 
 li'-'canie In 1835 missionary bishop of Missouri and Indiana with Jurisdiction thmugli- 
 out the Northwest. In 1S59 this Jurisdiction was limited by his accepting the bishop- 
 ric of Wisconsin. Morehouse's Some American Cliurchmen, 110, 117. As to the unwil- 
 lingness of either Bishop Onderdonk or Bishop Kemper to be responsible for Eleazer 
 Williams, see Hanson's Have We a Bourbon Among Us 7— Putnam's, I., 200. 
 
 202. Smith's Eleazer Williams, Wis. Hist. Coll., VI., 332. Xdin Y. Smitli was 
 horn in New York State February 10, 1807. He was a man of great sircngth of 
 
HIS FOKERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 177 
 
 It is not pleasant to perpetuate these charcterizations, to recall 
 these misconducts of one long dead and as to whom I would fain 
 apply the direction, Nil nisi bonum de mortuis. But the truth of 
 history is involved and the claims for Eleazer Williams depend largely 
 upon his personal statements. Candor, therefore, compels me to say — 
 and these pages ill perform their mission if they fail to prove — that, 
 obstinate persisting to act a false part was exactly suitable to Eleazer 
 Williams' character,-"'' that he abounded in sly cunning, was prone 
 to tricks, apt to exaggerate, quick to invent, utterly untruthful. 
 
 And yet, I am glad to parallel these criticisms, with the justifica- 
 tions which Judge Morgan L. Martin with charcteristic clemency has 
 uttered in favor of Eleazer Williams: 
 
 A ninii reiireil niiiltl Knvnge surroundings, ns lie was, should be jiiilgiMl by ;i 
 din'orent standard tlinn wo set up fur one who lias spent his life entirely amon;.' 
 white peoide. No one con from ohlldhood fraternize with Indians without absorbini; 
 their charaotoristics lo Koiiio rxtent,--und beciinlng vain, deceitful and lina-tful. He 
 was a remarkable man in many respects, Imt was deeply imbued witli false notbms 
 of life, and his career was a failure. He was neither better nor worse than his 
 life-long compunlons and was what ml^ht have been expected fmui one wlio h;id 
 been sent Into the world with certain racial vices and wIkisc training; and associatioiis 
 were not calculated to better liiin.UG4 
 
 Notwithstanding Elcazer's permanent residence in Wisconsn lie 
 did not sever his connection with his eastern kin. In 1835 he was at 
 St. Regis endeavoring to obti'in long delayed justice from the govern- 
 ment for his father's services in the war of 1812.-''^ Three years later 
 he was again in New York and visited in Buffalo;-'^" in 1841 while 
 once more in the same state incidents occurred which demand atten- 
 tion. 
 
 In August of that year he celebrated with the Oneida Indians at 
 the Castle the eighth triennial aivivcrsary of the conversion of six 
 Intndred pagans of that tribe to the Christian faith. His part in the 
 cominemoration of an event with which in 1817 he was personally con- 
 nected consisted in the delivery of two homilies entitled The salva- 
 tion of sinners through riehes of divine grace.'-''' After purlicipat ng 
 in the celebration I"".leazer Williams proceeded to Si. Regis. There 
 he was abiding in October, 1841, when the prince de Joinville then in 
 America was about starling ui>nii iiis tour to the Mississippi. 
 
 The prince de Joinville was the third son of Louis Phi]ii)pe. then 
 
 ll 
 
 {• 
 
 eharaeler. I liiinniu'li pnilKy and lltoiary ciiiluio. His sta(cmeiits may be accepted 
 withntit ipiestiuii. lie dicil M.iy ."i. I,s74. Wii^liCs Tlie Old White Cluireli, 11: iHirri.''.^ 
 John Y. .Smltli, Wis. Hist. Coll., VII., 452. 
 
 20.'!. Uam on Facts, 4;i3, uses this claiiso willi reference to .\ri:oId <hi Tllh. 
 
 2tU. .Martin's Naratlvo. Wis. Hist. Co:!., XI., 3!X). 
 
 266. Report, January 10, 1857, <in claim of Mary .\nn Wllliaii s. Iliiise roin- 
 mltteo on Military .\ITalrs, 34lh Oingres^, Thiid Se8<io:i, .No. .SS, 
 
 200(. Uobeiison's Last of the Hdurbon story. 9ii. 
 
 207. These lininllles were puhllslK'd at Green Hiiy In 1812 
 
178 
 
 ELEAZKR WILLIAMS. 
 
 \ , 
 
 15 
 
 king of the French, and was born AnRiist 14. 1818. ■-"" In 1840 he com 
 nianded the vessel which hrouRht troiu St. Helena the l)ones of the 
 great emperor— that mistake of policy fatal to the honse of Orleans—, 
 and in 1841 was travelin^J: in Canada and in the United States. He 
 desired to familiarize iiimself with the history of those two conntries 
 • especially in relation to the French occupation of the former country. 
 Besides as he states in his Memoirs, "I was anxious to go, via the 
 Great lakes to Green Bay on Lake .Michigan, and then starting' fro.ni 
 Mackinaw, the old Indian Michillimackinac. to follow up the track of 
 our officers and soldiers ;ind missionaries who ))iished on till they 
 discovered the .Mississippi."-'"'" The prince leaving his large party at 
 Albany, Xew ^■ork. selected a few friends to make this tri|) with iiini. 
 they thus tniversing the route v.-hicJi the prince's father, Louis l'hilii)i)e. 
 had taken when an exile in America.-''^ It may well be believed that 
 upon the beginning of his trip the prince sought the name and address 
 of some ])erson resident among the western Indians. rii)e in years 
 and ready with reminiscences, with whom he could converse.'-^ ' Cer- 
 tain it is that upon boarding the Columbus for his tour around the 
 lakes he avowed to Cai)tain Shook bis errand and coupled with the 
 information an earnest request that the captain would direct him t > 
 some aged person residing along his route who might possibly have 
 persona! recollection of his father's trip, or, such failing, some person 
 of 'a younger generation who might know of it by hearsay. The cap- 
 tain whose vessel plied regularly between the ijorts along th'i lakes 
 knew Eleazer and mentioned his name to the prince. -'-' 
 
 Meanwhile F.leazer Williams bad learned at St. Regis of the 
 prince's contemplated journey. Of his desire for an expert in Indian 
 habits, one familiar with Indian history, one who mayhap knew his 
 father, Eleazer also learned, perhaps by letter from friends in Xew 
 \ ork. for his reputation ;is a schol.ir in Indian affairs was a score of 
 years old. ])crh;ii)s not until be reached .Mackinaw. However this 
 may be. alert for exciting episodes, he hurriedly quit St. Regis and 
 journeying in liaste. anticipated I lie prince and his reiimie and was 
 standing on the wharf at .Mackinaw when the Columbus reacheil that 
 port October iS. 1841. '-'■■• 
 
 1 .summarize from ■/'/((• Lost Priucc the .iccount of wli.ii tli^n 
 
 lilis. I'rln.f. ,1(. .Iiiiiivill.'s .Miirmii'^, 1. 
 
 2(;!>. riimo ilp .iDliivnic'.s Miiin.ik-s. L"*!". 
 
 2711. .Martin's I'ihtowikmI lliipsliurfr. 87. 
 
 :i71. ItciluMtsi.ii's \ms\ iif ll:c Itiiiiiiiiin SIdi'v. I'liiniiiii's. II. 11. s., 'Ci. 
 
 '2Vi. .Marliu's t'ncniHiii'cl irii|isliiii^'. S7. 
 
 ;;7;!. Iliinsdir^ TIk. I^,s( I'linr... .'!70. r am linJiiUMl t. dlsmisl KiIk ilale as n 
 f.'W (lays ((K, ..ally. Imt caniidi vft piovc it winri?. I!nl li Is coniij \v nor. , orr el 
 than 111." yi'ar ls.-,4. k'iv.n in ll.iip.T- Itool; ,,r Fa, 1.;. 'xv\, ji„ rh,. ilni' ui tli ■ I' In i.'s 
 visil 1(1 (iiocri lliiv. 
 
HIS FOHERUNNERU, HIM.StJLF. 
 
 17<J 
 
 transpired, .is Mr. Hanson secured tlio information in conversation 
 witJi Ek-azer Williams on Dccfml.cr 7, 185J. and as contained in 
 jonrnals wliicli somewhat later he i)roduced for the inspection oi Mr. 
 Hanson .-"' 
 
 While Kieazer was standing un the wharf and the prince and 
 companions having gone ashore were viewing the sights, Jo'mi Sliook. 
 the captain of tiie vessel, ai.proaching F.leazer asked ,iim if 
 he were not going on to (irccn Bay. fur the prince dv 
 Joinville had I.een makinR in(|niries i(,r a .Mr. Williams, and he 
 Cainain Shook, had told the prince that snch a m:in lived 
 at (;reen Bay. Conscqnently, when the prince re-huarded the ship, 
 Eleazer took i)assage. As the vessel i)Mccedcd. Ciptiin .Sh„„k lold 
 the prince that p:ieazer was on l)i)ard and he l.roiij^ht the two tn 
 an acquaintance. Quoting Eleazer's Journal: "I was sitt ul- at the 
 time on a barrel. The prince not oidy started with evident atnl invol- 
 untary suri)rise when he saw me hut there was a great agitation in his 
 face and manner— a slight paleness and a quivering of the lip— which [ 
 could not helj) remarking at the time, hut which struck m-' more 
 forcihly afterwards, in connection with the whole train of .ircum- 
 stances, and hy contrast with his usual self-possessed manner. He 
 then shook me earnestly and respectfully hy the hand and drew mc 
 innnedi.ately into conversation." .\fter tlie dinner which I'-Jeazer i)o- 
 litely declined to eat at the same private table with the prince and his 
 suite, conversation passed between them on early French settlements 
 in America and on the much lanunled loss of Canada to I'rance. 
 Until late in the mght, all the ne.xt morning and until three in the 
 afternoon, when the vessel reached Cnvii Hay, they talked together. 
 Upon landing the prince went to the Astor House and statinj,' 
 that he must leave the ne.xt day .r the day following, begged Eleazer 
 to take ui) his (piarters :it the hotel. But Kieazer preferred to go to 
 the home of his laiher-in-law and returned in the evening to the 
 prince. The latter made himself alone by dismissing an attendant 
 although the carousing of his suite could be heard in an adjoining 
 room. The i)rince then stated that "he had a communication to 
 make to me of a very serious n;itin-e as concerned himself and of the 
 List imi)ortance to mc— that it was one in which no others were in- 
 terested, and therefore before proceeding further, he wished to obtain 
 some ])le(lge of secrecy, some promise that I would not reveal to anv 
 
 one what he w 
 
 ;is gomtr to 
 
 ;av. 
 
 (inally pledged his 1 
 
 Xaturallv Eleazer dei 
 
 nnirred 
 
 lonor 
 
 to say. i)rovided there was notl 
 
 not to reveal wh.it the prince w: 
 
 im 
 
 igned a promise to that effect. 'It 
 dd 
 
 u in it prejudicial to anv< 
 
 but 
 ,'oinK 
 id he 
 
 was \ague and general, I'or I 
 would not tie myself down to .ibsolute secrecy but left the matter 
 
 271. Hi\ri.S(iir.s The Ix.st I'll ■, a,">(i, ;!(i4. 
 
Is 
 
 If 
 
 II 
 
 180 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 fl 
 
 I' i i i 
 
 1 H 
 
 1: 
 
 i:iH: 
 
 Jl 
 
 i; 
 
 <l 
 
 conditional." The prince then told Eleazer that he, the latter, was 
 of foreign descent, was born in Europe and was the son of a king. 
 He added, "You have suffered a great deal, and have been brought 
 very low, but you have not suffered more, or been more degraded 
 than my father, who was long in exile and poverty in this country; 
 but there is this difference between him and you, that he was all along 
 aware of his high birth, whereas you have been spared the knowledge 
 of your origin." The narrative proceeds: "When the prince had 
 said this I was much overcome and thrown into a state of mind which 
 you can easily imagine. In fact I hardly knew what to do or say, and 
 my feelings were so nuich excited that I was like one in a dream 
 and much was said between us of which I can give buc an indistinct 
 account. However, I remember I told him his communication was 
 so startling and unexpected, that he must forgive me for being in- 
 credulous, and that really I was 'between two.' 'What do you mean,' 
 he said, 'by being "between two"?' I replied that on the one hand it 
 scarcely seemed to me he could believe what he said, and on the 
 other I feared he might be under some mistake as to the person." 
 The prince disclaimed any intention to trifle with Eleazer's feelings 
 and stated that he had ample proof of his identity. Before granting 
 Eleazer's request that he would proceed with his disclosure the prince 
 produced from his trunk a parchment and a "governmental seal of 
 France, the one if I mistake not. used under the old monarchy." 
 Eleazer relates that as soon as he knew the whole story, "the sight 
 of the seal put before me by a member of the family of Orleans stirred 
 my indignation." The parchment was very handsomely written in 
 double parallel columns of French and English. "I continued intently 
 reading and considering it for a space of four or five hours ... it 
 was a solemn abdication of the crown of France in favor of Louis 
 Philippe by Charles Louis who was styled Louis XVIL, king of 
 France and Navarre with all accompanying names and titles of 
 honor, according to the custom of the old French monarchy." As a 
 return for this sacrifice, Eleazer was to receive a princely estal)lishment 
 either in France or in America and the restoration of all the private 
 property of the royal family, or its equivalent, confiscated by the French 
 Revolution or in any other way. After much reflection Eleazer in- 
 formed the Prince that lie could not barter away the rights pertaining 
 to him by his birth and sacrifice the interests of his family and that 
 he could ;rivc the prince only the answer which de Provence gave to 
 the ambassador of Napoleon at Warsaw, "Though I am in poverty 
 and exile I will not sacrifice my honor." "The prince upon this 
 assumed a loud tone and accused mo of ingratitude in trampling on 
 the overtures of the king, his father, who, he said, was actuated in 
 making the proposition, more by feelings of kindness and pity toward> 
 me than bv any other ooiKideration. <ince his claim to the French 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 181 
 
 throne rested on an entirely different basis to mine, viz., not that ot 
 hereditary descent, but of popular election. When he spoke in this 
 strain I spoke loud also, and said, that as he, by his disclosure, had 
 put ine in the position of a superior, I must assume that position, and 
 frankly say that my ind'^nntion was stirred by the memory that one of 
 the family of Orleans had imbrued his hands in my father's blood-^' 
 and that another now wished to obtain from me an abdication of the 
 throne. When I spoke of superiority, the Prince immediately assumed 
 a respectful attitude and remained silent for several minutes. It had 
 now grown very late and we parted with a request from him that I. 
 would reconsider the proposal of his father, and not be too hasty in 
 my decision. I returned to my father-in-law's, and the next day saw 
 the prince again and on his renewal of the subject gave him a similar 
 answer.'" Before he went away the Frenchman said "Though we part 
 I hope we part friends." Upt.m whatever terms they parted they never 
 met again. 
 
 Now around this narrative as a center divers observations cluster: 
 
 I. It seems remarkable that if the object of the prince in coming 
 to America was to obtain this renunciation, he should go more than a 
 thousand miles from his vessel t<i secure it. Eleazer Williams was in 
 the East and the place of his sojourn was accessible, and it seems 
 ludicrous that for a purpose so weighty the prince and the priest 
 should race across one-third of the span of (he continent to meet in a 
 tavern in Green Bay. 
 
 II. This astounding fact of l"".leazer's history, making as it did 
 if true h\^ wife the blood queen of France and his son the dauphin, 
 he never revealed to his wife and son. Twelve years after the prince 
 visited Green Bay, when the story of this claimed disclosure had for 
 a long while been public property, a friend of Mrs. Williams who had 
 read in Putnam's, Ihn'c U'c a Bourbon Among Us? and I'lic Bour- 
 bon Question, related the story to her.-"" At this time, in 1853, 
 Eleazer had finally abandoned Green Bay and never saw his family 
 again to explain his prolonged silence upon a fact so momentous. 
 But one can imagine Mrs. Williams reflecting upon her husband's 
 half-formed French speech and the many other evidences she must 
 have possessed of his Indian origin, and deciding that his silence to 
 her was another evidence of his astuteness. Notwithstanding the ig- 
 norance of his wife ami son until 1853. Eleazer stated to Mr. Hanson 
 in 1851, "I am convinced of my royal descent; so arc my family. The 
 idea of royalty is in our minds and we will never relinquish it."-^^. 
 
 27,'. tlcfoi'i'IiiK to (lie Duko of Orloanf!, fntlior of IjiiuIs riilllpiic, who voted fur 
 tlio (lentil of Lrnula XVI. Ijuinartlnc's Girondists, II., 350. 
 
 27ti. nnipcr'n Aildltloiml Nolos, Wis. Ill.'it. Coll., VIII.. ."ii!"; Cndpn's The 
 Mj-Rteiy of IIIb IJfc. In Yfinowlno's News. Soptcniber 19, ISStt. 
 
 27T. Ilnnsnn's Tlio I/nst I'rlnoo. 340. 
 
1 
 
 1 1 
 
 182 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 % 
 
 Hi 
 
 1 i J* ' 
 
 «1 
 
 
 III. The most natural action lor one wliose affiliation has been 
 attacked, whose beliefs as to his paternity and maternity have been 
 rudely jostled, is to consult forthwith the persons he had supposed 
 to be his parents. But no such thing did Eleazer Williams. In 1851. 
 when his mother was summoned before dc Loriniier to testify as to 
 his parentaf^e she learned for the first time, and not from her son, that 
 he was claiming another ancestry. Strange and inexplicable mystery 
 of reticence! A person is announced to be Louis XVII., the, uncrowned 
 king of France and Navarre, and his wife, and son, those whom all 
 men believe to be his parents, learn of the announcement a decad;- 
 afterward from the lips of strangers! Eleazer was very careful that 
 this story should not become wide-spread until his father had died 
 or become too decrepid to wreak vengeance upon the slanderers of 
 his family. I have no doubt that the true explanation of Eleazer's 
 protracted silence concerning this alleged disclosure lies in the survival 
 of his father. And in this connection I cannot but condemn those 
 who state that Thomas Williams never claimed Eleazer to be any more 
 than his adopted son.-'-'* This statement is grossly unjust to that ex- 
 cellent soldier and good man. Doubtless Thomas never did "claiin" 
 Eleazer to be his son; most fathers do not "claim" their sons — tlu- 
 paternity goes without claiming; but that Thomas ever denied the 
 fatherhood of Eleazer — much as he might blush to admit it— has not a 
 mote of evidence to sustain it. 
 
 IV. The whole story of the disclosure and requested abdication 
 is iidierently improbable. It is improbable that Louis Philippe would 
 entrust such a mission to a youth of twenty-two; it is improbable that 
 if Eleazer was the dauphin, and was shut off from all the world in 
 the Wisconsin woods, and was ignorant of his magnificent ancestry 
 and was likeiy never to learn it — it is improbabl'\ I say, that even 
 Orleans princes would deliberately seek him out and reveal to him 
 that very thing which would make their thrones unstable, their 
 crowned heads uneasy. Weri' there not pretenders enough, si)rinkled 
 a'lout Europe to be thorns in his side, that Louis Philippe should 
 deliberately go about to discover the re;d heir in America, to be a «till 
 deeper sting? 
 
 V. A noticeable circtmistancc about the iiUerview between the 
 prince and Eleazer was the extreme astonishment attribtUed to the lat- 
 ter at the disclosure — an astonishment so .absorbing tiiat I'^leazer neg- 
 lected to dcinand from his informant the customary and necessary 
 prnois of his remarkable assertions. .\ny person supposing himself to be 
 sinii)ly ,1 C'aughnawaga Indian would develop ;istonisIimeiU on learning 
 iliat he is the representative of the longest royal lint, in Europe. Ehazrr 
 himself speaks of his timidity and bashfulness a-^ traits of one "who 
 
 278. Illstnrlpal Mngnzlno, Octohor, 1850, 323. 
 
HIS FOREMUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 183 
 
 had always considered himself of such obscure rank."27» And yet, not- 
 withstanding this astonishment, timidity and bashfulness, it is a fact 
 that, three years before this interview. Eleazer had claimed to be that 
 very person concerning his idenity with whom he is now filled with 
 so much surprise. In or about 1838 Eleazer entered the office of 
 George H. Haskins, editor of Tlic Buffalo Extyrcss and confided to him 
 under the seal of the most profound secrecy that he. Eleazer, was not 
 what he appeared to be but was in reality the dauphin of France, men- 
 tioning his early idiocy, his sanative fall into Lake George and the 
 miraculous restoration of his mcmory.^so -When therefore the prince 
 revealed to him the same ancestry Eleazer ought not to have mani- 
 fested or even experienced any astonishment, but should have received 
 the news with the dignity and reserve of one who had long become 
 accustomed to tlic information. Just here it is worth while to notice 
 that after this whisper to Mr. Haskins. and while the prince and 
 Eleazer were chatting on Captain SIiook"s vessel. Eleazer told the 
 prince that when Montcalm fell at Quebec that gallant Frenchman left 
 his sword to an Iroquois and then expired hi that Iroquois' arms: 
 that he, Eleazer, was a relative of that Iroquois, and that his, Eleazer's. 
 mother was an Indian woman. -■'*i Thus did this remarkable personage 
 change his ancestors as his whim suggested; thus did he establish 
 himself an utterly irresponsible informant. 
 
 VI. Among many slips of detail I notice one: Eleazer tells us 
 that after talking far into the night with the prince both separated 
 to meet the next day. But the difliculty with this is that the prince did 
 not tarry over night in Green Bay. The prince writing twelve years 
 afterward states that he remained there but half a day-*-', and Dr. 
 Butler of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin prints in Tim Xu- 
 tioi! that de Joinville did not pass the night in Green Bay.-""-' To the 
 same effect is the testimony of ]\lrs. Elizabeth S. Martin who met 
 the prince upon this occasion at Green Bay and who in a hearty and 
 genial old age still survives. She has recorded that the prince did not 
 remain over six hours in Green Bay and that a large portion of this 
 time was spent at the toilette in preparation for a reception and dinner 
 at which Eleazer Williams and Airs. Martin among others were 
 present. Imnu'iliately .ifter the dinner the prince started on his ciiues- 
 trian tcnr. tarrying lor the night at the house of John McCarty, four 
 or five miles beyond Del'ere'-"*' — inste;ul 01 spending the hours at the 
 
 270. Uiiiisdirs 'I'lic r^ist I'l'lnco. M2. 
 
 'JSi*. llKlMMtKon's Tiio Last cii' tlii> ItinirlKHi Slor.v. I'liliiiiiu's. It, 11. .1.. Oil; Dnp 
 
 .Vdilllloiiiil Notes, Wis. llisl. CoU , VIII.. MVJ. 
 
 2.S1. KansDirs Tlio I,(ist fringe M)T<. 4M. 
 
 282. Ilaiisdii's Tlio Ixist rriiico, 40.1. 
 
 2K\. Itnll.r's Tlio Slor.v m' Umjs XVJr.. in Nati.in. May .11. isot, 117. 
 
 2Sl. Mnrllli's T'luniwiioil Iluiislmr;.', S7. and Dinpi r's .Nolo !u Ms. 
 
184 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 
 
 ■I 
 
 * 
 
 !»)■ 
 
 / 
 
 Astor House in Green Bay begging Eleazer Williams to resign the 
 kingdom of France. 
 
 VII. But what said the other party to this interview? Upon tiic 
 receipt by the prince de Joinville of the February, 1853, number of 
 Putnam's Magazine containing the account of the meeting, tlie dis- 
 closure and the request for abdication, the prince through his secretary 
 addressed, from his exile home in Claremont, Surrey, England, a 
 letter dated February 9, 1853, to the London agent of Mr. Putnam. In 
 this communication he admitted the meeting, and the conversation 
 with Eleazer and subsequent correspondence between the two on 
 matters relating to the Indians, but as to the main story the prince 
 stamped it in every particular as a work of the imagination, a fable 
 woven wholesale, a speculation upon public credulity.-^' Mr. Hanson, 
 who could not well exclude this letter from The Lost Prince, made 
 an efifort to blunt its point and counteract its force, but his attempt 
 was feeble and unsatisfactory and this denial of the prince so compre- 
 hensive and so emphatic must be accepted as converting Eleazer's 
 story into the wildest fiction. 
 
 VIII. But it is perhaps not astonishing to know that Eleazer 
 Williams did not believe this story himself and so stated in at least 
 two instances. After the appearance of The Lost Prince, Eleazer hap- 
 pened to meet in Baltimore Charles D. Robinson of Green Bay. a 
 friend, and tlic editor of The Green Bay Adrocate. Mr. Robinson who 
 knew Eleazer and his character well, said to Eleazer, referring to 
 this 1)ook, "I don't believe there is a word of trutli in it." Eleazer 
 broke into a hearty laugh, seeming to appreciate the point, and replied. 
 "Nor do I, either." So, meeting lus longtinie friend Alexander Grig- 
 non, Eleazer asked him if he had heard anything about the dauphin 
 matter. "Yes, I have." was the reply, with a laugh and manner evinc- 
 ing his total disbelief of the story. "It is not me," continued Eleazer 
 with a disregard of grammar tliat would Jiave made tlie young dauphin 
 blush, "they wanted it so. and I don't care."-^« Perliaps the true in- 
 wardness of this whok-sale deception woukl be disclosed if Eleazer 
 had stated definitely wliom he meant by they. But. if FJeazer liimself 
 did not believe this tale, the rest of mankind— which excludes the 
 writer of The Story of Louis ATV/.— may be pardoned for sliaring 
 his incredulity. 
 
 IX. Moreover, belief by Eleazer in his identity with ihc dauphin 
 would liave been totally inconsistent with his conduct and admissions 
 sul)se(|uent to 1841. Four years after the prince's visit, that is to say 
 in 1.S45. Eleazer assisted in preparing a memoir of his great-grand- 
 motiier, Eunice Williams; in 1848 he preached historical sermons in 
 
 I 
 
 I'S.".. Hiinsan's Tlio Lost I'rliHf, 4(>4. 
 
 i;S(l. Diiliier's .VrMltlunnl N.ilos Wis. Itisl. Coll.. VIH.. 307. 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 185 
 
 Decrfiekl on the anniversary of the death of his ancestor, the Rev. 
 John Willianis-s"; in 1845 he Rave his pedigree to the genealogist, S. 
 \V. Williams, M. D., stating therein that Thomas Williams was his 
 father, also writing, "I am highly pleased to learn that you are tracing 
 out the genealogy of the Williams family and particularly of my grand- 
 father. Rev. John Williams"; in October, 1846, he offered to lend his 
 l)ortrait of his "grand.sirc", the Rev. John Williams, to the uses of 
 the contemplated genealogy; in September, 1847, he sent to the gene- 
 alogist Williams a portrait of hi,= "grandfather Williams";-*^ on Janu- 
 ary 18. 1850, in furthering the claim of Mary Ann Williams for the 
 services of her husband in the war of 181J Eleazer Williams swore 
 ui)on oath as follows: "That 1 was in the secret of the United States 
 in the war which commenced in 1812 and that I had the charge and 
 commanded the secret corps of observation on the northern frontier 
 during the said war; and that it was through me that my father, 
 Thomas Williams, an Iroquois chief, was especially invited, in behalf 
 of the general government .... to join the American stand- 
 ard,"-*"^ — all these admissions of conduct, specct and oath after the 
 prince de Joinville had solenmly informed Eleazer that he was not a 
 Williams at all but was Louis of France, the seventeenth of that name! 
 X. 'Che attitude towards each other of both prince and priest sub- 
 secpient to the interview indicates that no momentous subject was dis- 
 cussed at Green Bay. Soon after the prince's departure Eleazer sent 
 him a paper relating to Charlevoix and La Salle. The prince's courteous 
 acknowledgment shows no e\ idencc of any secret matter between them. 
 Two j-ears later, in the name of his Indian brethren. I''leazer sent 
 through the i)rince to Louis Philippe ff)r some books. The books 
 were sent with a letter from the j)rince's secretary aimouncing the 
 king'.s compliance. A delay in transit brought from the French consul 
 general in New York a note of regret that he "was unable before to 
 present to ]Mr. Williams the enclosed letter and the box of l)ooks sent 
 by the king of the French" — the letter being the one from the prince's 
 secretary. The matter just <|Uoted is the foundation for the story of 
 l''leazer receiving an autograph letter from Louis Philippe— a story of 
 which I^leazer boasted. When asked to exhiliit this autogr,i])h letter 
 it was lost. The reply of b.leazer to the lettei- from the prince by the 
 hitter's secretary is certainly not ])enned by one who lonsidered himself 
 placed by the disclosures made at (been Hay "in the position of ;i 
 superior" to the p'ince, as this extract will show: 
 
 .So woll |iloi\ac(l am I witli liio liooks, imd so lil^'h iiii niiliiloii dn I ciilirlaiii nt 
 .voui' Ko.viil Illu'htU'sH' lifiii'voloiii'i' Mini l"rlrnMslii|i ii^ lo riiihuldcii iii" t i n\\\n':\v liffom 
 
 2S7. I{uliiM-|s(iii'< 'I'lrc I.asI iT till' UiMU-hiiii Sloiv, rmiiMin's. II, n, s., !i| 
 2SS. Willliiiiis' 'riic liodiM-ni.Ml Caiitlv.". ITT. 
 
 2S;). Ui'poil, .lumiaiy 1(1. ISriT, llniisc Ciiiiiinilli't' on Militai.v .MTa'i'i, i.ii iiiiim 
 Mar.v .\iiii Williams, paui' ."1. :iHli ('iiiii.'rc>s, Tl Inl S ss'on. \u. S'i. 
 
186 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 / 
 
 vel as n theology. If It is not asking nn.l int.mII«K t,>, much upou vour U ,yal 
 
 It should be stated parenthetically that whenever Eleazer was 
 called upon to produce original documents-letters, medals or what 
 not-these were always missing, burned, stolen, mislaid, among his 
 papers at some other place. He boasted, for example, of several mis- 
 sives from French bishops and cardinals and one from the secretary 
 of Napoleon III., all enquiring about his history. Like the autograph 
 letter trom Louis Philippe they had all disappeared 201 
 
 £leazcr-s journals were as useful to his purpose as his mvstcriously 
 disappearmg documents. These journals consisted of she;ts loosely 
 stitched together so that the insertion of leaves containing new matter 
 
 perScls'on'^s 'll!> t "'^ "'""''' "'*'*' r ^^^^ '^'^- I"^!^^'^. for some 
 periods of his hie there are preserved two journals differing in details 
 
 of events2»^-one or the other or both evidently prepared after the 
 
 incidents recorded and to serve some purpose. Eleazer could produce 
 
 journals as he did scars. 
 
 XI. A curious phenomenon is to be observed about the expres- 
 sions and reHections attributed to the prince during his interview 
 vvith Eleazer-that they are identical in sentiment, that they are often 
 clothed in exactly the same language, with ideas and opinions contained 
 ." he journals ot Eleazer. of dates long anterior to 1841. Especiallv 
 ■s tins true as to the remarks concerning the aid rendered by Franc'e 
 o America during our revolution and concerning the connection be- 
 tween the French revolution and the misfortunes of Louis XVI -"■■^ 
 Ins ,s easily explicable. When Eleazer in ,848, either alone or with 
 the aid of a fnend was stealthily launching his imposture, he found 
 m h,s own early meditations satisfactory material for the made-up con- 
 versations ot the prince with himself. About these were grou,)e<l 
 ti>o other mcidents-the prince's expression of astonishment at see- 
 .ng the Hourbon lineaments on Eleazer's face, the humilitv which 
 w.,nl,l not permit the priest to dine at the same table ^vith the 
 prince, the mght meeting at the Astor House, the rev elation, the 
 bn!,e the indignant rejection, the over-night reconsiderati.-n the re- 
 "cwa .,t the refusal, the final parting-all clustered into a s.-nsa- 
 tiiinai, II not into .a coherent, narrative. 
 
 ^Xll. It nee.l not elicit suri,risc that Eleazer Williams as long 
 
 -"•"'■ '' '•"'""''' ''■'"• '•^"'' "'■ l!..„rl,„M .Stor.v, I'uln;u.rs. II, n . iMi 
 
 -.y.. itoln.rt son's Th,. 1,„m „r ()„. ls,M,rl,„M .Slory, I'„tnmH-M. M, n s w\- II. n- 
 
 21I1-. i{,.lMM-tson-. Tl„. L,,s, „r ,1,., ]i,H,rl.on Story, I'utn.un's, II n s imI 
 2m. I!ol„.,lso.i's Tl„. U.sl Ml- ,1,,. |i„„rlM,n .story. IMlnmn's. II. „, s. i..-,. 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 187 
 
 .iKo as TS38, had declared himself the dauphin. He enjoyed the privi- 
 lege not accorded to those who live a century after the episode in the 
 Temple, of existing in the age that produced dauphins. Men far less 
 acute and cunning than Eleazer had palmed themselves off upon the 
 public as the heir of St. Louis, had been the objects of anxiety and 
 -DJicitude, had even engaged the attention of the daughter of Louis 
 XVL While dauphin-meteors had been shooting athwart the Euro- 
 pean firmament, while one at least was still shining with tinsel lustre, 
 should not one pretender glitter with bright effulgence in the western 
 horizon? Should not Eleazer Williams be that pretender? 
 
 After the visit of the prince tf) Green Bay, but little in the life 
 of Eleazer re(iuircs notice for several years. He was almost entirely 
 liisassoclated from the Indians but was much occupied in pressing 
 against the government claims growing out of their removal to the 
 western country. In 1846 the Society for the Propagation of the Gos- 
 pel among the Indians and others in North America appropriated 
 numey for his support as a missionarj', but after two years this stipend 
 was withdrawn, the result not justifying its continuance.-"^ In 1850 
 he went east to proffer his services for the removal of the Seneca In- 
 vlians from Indian Territory to the upper waters of the Mississippi. 
 His offer was declined. Not returning to his family^"" he took up his 
 residence at St. Regis, where he commenced a school and where he 
 li.id some kind of missionary appointment from the Diocesan Society 
 of New York and from the Boston Unitarian Society.--'*' Upon the 
 recommendation of his neighbors the Society for the Propagation of 
 the Gospel renewed its appropriation, but in 1853 this was withdrawn, 
 owing to his protracted absences from duty.207 
 
 Mis home was on the St. Regis reservation for the remainder of 
 lii> life, although he frequently traveled. It was in the autumn of 1851. 
 while on a iourney. that Mr. Ifansoti. who had read of the claim for 
 I'^leazer in I'lic \'cw York Courier and liiiquircr, made his acquaint- 
 .mce.-'"* Through Mr. Hanson's energetic espousal Eleazer was con- 
 \erti.(l from a secret, surreptitious pretender into an open declarator 
 of his royal position. Under !Mr. Hanson's tuition he became a genu- 
 inr monarch, issued manifestos, signed L. C. to his documents, re- 
 
 
 if 
 
 ; ■ 
 
 
 :.''.M. HuiitiMiti's Kloiizoi- ^Vllli,•ilus, -J.V.t. 
 
 -it.'i. Mol'orp Ipnviug; WIhcousIii EIi-hzit left wiili Mrs. Daulcl lirowu of SliDboygar 
 .1 imiiiilfijr tc» 1)0 kt'pt by li'T until he should nrdrr it soiit to liliii. lie c'ainied it was 
 ,■1 iiiclnro of f/ouls XVI. mid Mrs. I'rown says thcrn Is a strong lllioncss between the 
 line in the paint iiiK and that of Kloazer Williams. The pkture Is now .iwnod by Mrs. 
 Ilrown's dmiBhter, Mrs. I. H. Jones of .shelioygnn. .Mrs. Hrown, who was born August 
 •Jl", lS(«t, is still livlnj,'. U'tter from Mrs. Brown, May 12, ISOti; Wiiihl's Tlie Old 
 Wliltf Clnircli, !>. 
 
 U!»tl. ItolM'rtsoir,«i 'rii.' r.ast of the HourlMni ,S|ory, !18. 
 
 21t7. IIiMilonns lOleazer Williams. lltMt. 
 
 L'ii^, 11,'iii-iitrs Th.' Lost I'rincc. .".'lli. 
 
183 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 N4 
 
 t 
 
 w 
 
 
 j^j. 
 
 M 
 
 ceivcd notes phrased Your Most Gracious Majesty-f'» and promised 
 his friends passage to France in a national ship when he should ob- 
 tain his own/'soo 
 
 I have said that at first Eleazer was a secret pretender. I mean that 
 the first obtrusion of hiniscli as a dauphin was in ])rivate ways, by per- 
 sonal inlcrviow. by anonymous letter, by fictitious signature In- 
 stapa-ts oi h;s .'i.i'iliod h;,\c 1 ern given. Instances Ivrthcr follow: D- 
 Vinton writes that in .August, 1844, while he and Eleazer were in the 
 parlor of the residence of ]\Irs. O. H. Perry at Newport, the writer's 
 attention was attraccd by the gesticulations and other antics of Eleazer 
 who was examining a volume 01 engravings and accidentally came 
 ujjon a print of Simon, the dauphin's cruel jailer in the Temple. Dr. 
 Vinton says, "I saw Williams sitting upright and stiff in his chair, his 
 eyes fixed and wide one:,, ins Hands clenched on the table, his whole 
 frame shaking and trembling as if paralysis had seized him. . . Point- 
 ing to the wood-cut he said, 'That image has haunted me day and night, 
 as long as I can remember. 'Tis the horrid vision of my dreams; what 
 is it? Who is it?' " The leaf was turned and Simon's name was on the 
 leverse.^'oi From this incident those who did homage to Eleazer drew 
 sure conclusions; but I have no doubt the scene was a very clever bit 
 of play and if Dr. Vinton is not mistaken in the year, Eleaze - was en- 
 gaged longer than has been believed in working up his imposture. It 
 should be added that Eleazer is credited with the same theatrical piece 
 of acting about six years later at the residence of Professor Day of 
 Northampton— there was another pi-ture of Simon, Eleazer greatly 
 excited, and the ejaculation "Cood God, I know that face, it has 
 haunted me through lifc."^o- I have no doubt that if the matter could 
 be th(M-oughly ferreted, it would be found that the half-breeds Skenon- 
 dogh and Eleazer arranged the story and provided for the affidavit 
 which was taken so formally on June 14, 185,^. in which Skenondogh 
 IS made to swear that he was present at Ticonderoga in 1795 when 
 two Frenchmen delivered an imbecile and sickly boy to Thomas Wil- 
 liams and that Eleazer was that boy.^'"- The st()ry of the taking of the 
 affidavit and of the actions of Eleazer— for by a curious coincidence he 
 happened to be in New York at the tinu— before the notary, all display 
 the artful and cunning methods of an artful and cunning nian.-"* 
 
 Another way in which he brought himself into notice by the under- 
 
 am. Kobortsoirs TIic ImM of llif l!.>m'lM>ii Slory, I'liiiiiiiii's. II. n. s., !ili. 
 
 aiK>. Lptt«i', .\|,iil {•>. 1M!)C,. fro,,, d.orj;,. .-^luldon „f bccilifl.!. Miit^s. 
 
 ;!0l. Vliit.m's I-oiils XVII. iMiiI Klfiizff WilU:iiiis. ri,liium's II, „. .s. a.tl. 
 
 302. IIaiis,)ii's Tlii> I>mt I'liiiii.. .•).Vl: lliins,,,,-:, ii„vi' We u itdi 
 
 I'litiiaiir.x. I, •J.W: IIiim.K.ii's Kli'iiz,.,' Williams, 2l«. 
 
 ;;(>;i. Haiis(jii's 'V\n- 1.1,81 I'llMi,., 177, 4ii,-,. 
 
 .'iOl. Vinton's l...,iU XVII. anil VM-.xv,-v Williams. I'liti'ani's. II. n. 
 
 idurtiaii Amoiifc- Us? 
 
 s. 3::tl. 
 
HIS FORHRrNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 189 
 
 ground plan is cxiiibitcd by the following letter written luider a false 
 name to a Mr. Reed of Buffalo in August, 1850: 
 
 It so l.aj.pcncl timt I wus at the Eagle Hotel in n.Uudolphh, wl.on v.u und 
 •Mr AMlllauiH (the danphln of Franoe) were there. Cnrl, «i,y, as well as havlii^- taken 
 m. Intorcst in tl.e l.lstor.v of the unfnrtnniito Prince, h..s led nw t, a Kir a-. ,vo , .ml 
 u«k y,,u to have the goodness to iufonn .no if you are In poa.«e.8l„u of any historical 
 facts in relation to this wonderful niau. 
 
 Aonther instanee of the same kind a little earlier in time- Then- 
 appeared in the I'mtcd States Magazine ami Democratic Reviezv for 
 July, 1849, what seemed to be an anonymous review of a book entitled 
 History of the Jhuiphin. Son of I.onis the Sixteenth of France, by 
 H. B. Ely, or as given in the Table of Contents, N. B. Ely. The 
 review includes quite an account of Eleazer Williams and the different 
 prools of his royal extraction and is so much in the style of Eleazer 
 that .Mr. Robertson was fully justified in suspecting his authorship 
 When It IS added that no such book ever existed as .Mr. Ely purported 
 to review and that no such man as II. B. Ely or N. B. Ely ever again 
 arose during the Williams controversy, although sought for and asked 
 to present Inmself. enough has been .said to expose the guileful Indian 
 hand of the hero of this paper. '•"■■■ 
 
 The Bcllanger incident was a fiction of Colonel Henry E East- 
 man of Green Bay. In or after 1847, Colonel Eastman, a lawyer and a 
 prominent citizen, was an intimate and confidential friend of Eleazer 
 Wdliams. Interested in Erench history and in the decay of Bourbon 
 power Colonel Eastman wrote a romance l)ase(l on the misfortunes 
 of young Louis and made Eleazer Williams the chief character. The 
 manuscripts from time to time were loaned to him to read at his 
 leisure. Unknown to the author the parts were copied and returned 
 An account of the death in Xew Orleans of the laithful adherent, Bcl- 
 langer. who had brought the dauphin to America and placed him in 
 the charge of Thomas Williams, was one of the features of this ro- 
 mance, as it is one of the features of ^[r. Hanson's romance.;">o 
 To the amazement ,,| Colonel Ea.stman. his story with the 
 addition of some aflidavits and other s|)ecial proofs, not necessary to 
 his^ imaginary tale, appeared in I'utuam's Magazine. Of course Elea- 
 zer's Journal contained the matter, of c.iur>e it was exhibited to Mr. 
 Hanson and is .inoted iroiu at length.-"'- The information of the 
 
 ail,-.. Itoljert.son's The Ijist of llii' Uoiuiion Story. I'litnaiiis. II, n. s. OS 
 
 .-Uh;. ,^„,||1,s Kloazer Williams, Wis. Hist. Coll. VI. aa7. C.lon d Ka.stn.an his 
 
 ' " '"■'■*''"' "f '^'■'■'''' ''»>■ 'H"l "as llouieniint-colonel of ih ■ .Seeen<l W seori^in eaxalr.- 
 
 from .\ove,„l,er. 1,S(M, nntll .luly, IHM. Ills slalen„.nis as t , this tomau-.. are in putt 
 ••onllrm,.! l.v the reeolUvtIou of Senator Timothy o. Il„w,. ,:f Wisc.iisin and In Rreat 
 measure liy the reicdiecHon of Coh.nel .lanns II. II,, we oi Clii atr... 
 
 ;t(>T. Hanson's The Lost I'rlnoe, 978. Tlie journal is ,hU,',l March lit. 1S4,8. .Mr 
 Koherlson found two e,lill„ns of the Journal of this date, exhll,itln« liupo tani dffer- 
 • ni'i's. Kolierts,m-s The Last of the K,mili,:n Story, rutnain's. II. n. s. HO. 
 
 V II 
 
190 
 
 ELEAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 I'iil 
 
 I 
 
 kf f- 
 
 death of Bcllaiiger was conveyed to Eleazer, the Journal states, by 
 letter from Thomas Kimball of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The name 
 of Mr. Kimball does not appear again in Eleazer's Journal, the orig- 
 inal Kimball letter was never produced for inspection and Mr. Han- 
 son, although he went to New Orleans and secured some very incon- 
 sequential affidavits, was obliged to confess that he could find no trace 
 of Bellanger.30* 
 
 In 1853 in February, Mr. Hanson published in the second number 
 of I'utnam's Magazine the sensational paper. Have We a Bourbou 
 .Imong Us? which is said to have added twenty thousand names U< 
 the subscription list of that magazine.'^""' Immediately upon the arrival 
 of the article in England, appeared the prince de Joinvilk'"s emphatii. 
 denial of its most salient feature, and Le Ray de Chauniont's correc- 
 tion of Hanson so far as the lattt r had mentioned his father. As 
 soon as the first article appeared attention was directed where nat- 
 urally Eleazer's attention ought to have been first directed — to his 
 mother, Mary Ann Williams. Of course much excitement was aroused 
 and of course much agitation would rind its way to, and afifect. the 
 aged mother. On March 28, 1853, an affidavit in English, prepared 
 by Father Marcoux, was presented to and executed by her. In plaii; 
 language she established for herself the doubtful honor of being Elea- 
 zer Williams' mother — thus confirming the statement which she had 
 made io de Lorimier in 185 1 and confirming the oath of Eleazer Wil- 
 liams himself in January, 1850. As this affidavit was widely published 
 and was a death blow to Eleazer's claims there was need to counteract 
 it. This was attempted by means of an affidavit in Iro(|uois sworn to 
 by Mary Ann Williams on July 8. 1853. As I do not rest my judgment 
 concerning Eleazer's claims upon either of these aflidavits I do no. 
 deem it necessary to publish them.-'"" As to the latter, however, I 
 wish to make two or three observations. 
 
 I. So far as the affiant had aught to do with it, it is the work of 
 a person considerably over ninety years of age who was so distracted 
 by the opponents and adherents of her son that she lust what little 
 strength of intellect a monagenarian might have otherwise had. Tlii-i 
 remark applies though in less degree to the affidavit of March 28, 1853. 
 
 II. The aftidavit of July 8. 1853, was written by the person most 
 interested in its contents — Eleazet Williams. This is provti by file 
 fact that the original draft of the document in his handwriting with 
 erasures and interlineations and showing how gradually it was l)uilt 
 up, was found among his ))ap( r- after his deatii, and l)v tlie further 
 
 .108. Hanson's Tlic Umt l"iin.o. i;i(i. 
 
 309. IliintOdU's Klcnzcr Wll;i:iiii-. :."rj 
 .June. 18.S2. 14S. 
 
 ;itO. Tlicy lire piiiiliil in iriinwii's Tl, 
 KIcilz.M- WiHiiUiis. Wi<. !lisl. C.ll. VI. :;I7. .'ijl 
 
 S'r I'll h r'> Ivis.v I'liii r. \ i\ [I r , 
 ^■isi I'riiii', i;«, 4;{r). aiul in Sin' Ill's 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 101 
 
 iact chat the ducuiuent contains those improvements in the lioquois 
 language which Eleazer had many years before invented. »ii Eleazer 
 must therefore stand convicted of preparing for the signature and oath 
 of his feeble and distracted mother a document which involved wiiat he 
 Ivnevv was a falsehood, a document "indicating an apparent purpose 
 to steal the desired avowal of his adoption from his mother without 
 making too broad an issue." Notwithstanding the duress of her son's 
 presence when she executed the instrument she evinced surprise that 
 he should claim to he any other than her own son and, in the opinion 
 of the justice who took her oath, did not know the meaning of the 
 word adopted which Eleazer had inserted after his name, and did not 
 intend to say what she was made to say."'- 
 
 III. Tliis affidavit, written in Irociuois, was translated into Eng- 
 lish and Mr. Hanson corrected the translation. ^^^ What shall be said 
 of this affidavit as speaking the sentiment of Mary Ann Williams, 
 when we rcHect that it was signed by the mark of a woman close on 
 to one hundred years of age, that it was prepared in Iroquois by an 
 unscrupulous and scheming man interested in upholding a petty noto- 
 riety and that its translation was corrected by that unscrupulous 
 schemer's most ardent and indefatigable lieutenant? And yet not- 
 withstanding this Eleazer did not dare formulate such language as 
 would make his mother deliberately deny her child, but by indirec- 
 tion, by insertion of the word "adopted" in two places and by denial 
 of unimportant details he concocted a documeiu which has not helped 
 his case in any particular but exposes him. and I fear, Mr, Hanson, 
 to great odium. 
 
 One more incident in Eleazer's life before his leaving it: Frequent 
 mention has been made of the attetupts t^ • secure from the government 
 indemnity for the losses sustained by Thomas Williams in the war of 
 i8ij. Not until the death of Thomas and his widow was the proper 
 rei)aration made. .Xnd in doing this justice the government has also 
 done justice to the truth of history. On April 17, 1858, the House 
 Committee on Military AtTairs reported on the claim of "Eleazer Wil- 
 Hams, heir oi Thomas Williams," finding the latter's distinguished 
 and unreconipensed military servi.-es and his great pecuniary sacrifices. 
 They found also his death and thf death of his widow and then 
 found that she left "as lur sole heir and devisee her son, the Rev. 
 I^ieazer Williams, who is likewise the sole surviving son and heir of the 
 said Thomas Williams." Representative Pendleton of Ohio, an .icute 
 and sagacious lawyer, reported these findings and that they were 
 "abundantly proven by the evidence. "•'i' .And so. \^itllin five nicnths 
 
 .'ill. i:ills' in.'.i/.cr W illi,i!iis. wis. Illsf. (',,11. VIII. .^.-l(l. 
 
 .'U2. Kolicrisiiii's 'J'lic I.ii.st nf tlu> lloiulii ii Sini'.v. I'ntnnin'.^, II. ii .-;. !c'. 
 
 :!i.'i. Hiiiisiiiis Thr i.iisi riincc. \:u. 
 
 .".II. I!c|uirt No. ::ii;\. :t."itli ('iiij;.'ri.-s. I'iixi sc.wsliili. 
 
192 
 
 ELEAZEH WILLIAMS. 
 
 I 
 
 of his death, Eleazcr Williams was "abundantly proven," by evidence 
 |)reserved in the archives at Washington, the son— not of Louis XVI.. 
 the heir— not of France, but the son and heir of the Caughnawaga 
 Indians, Thomas and .Mary Ann Williams, whose paternity for twenty 
 years he had disowned but whose heritage he did not hesitate to ac- 
 cept. 
 
 He died August 28. iS.sS.'H'' in great poverty, sufTering from want 
 ui attention and from the necessaries of life.'"" He had dwelt mostly 
 alone in a neat cottage erected l)y friends subse(|uent to the publications 
 which excited so general an interest in 1853. "His habits of domstic 
 economy were such as might under the circumstances be alike e.\- 
 liecte<l in one reared as a prince or a savage; and his household pre- 
 sented an aspect of cheerless desolation without a mitigating ray of 
 comfort or a genial spark of home light. His neatly finished room 
 had neither carpets, curtains nor furniture save a .--canty su()ply of 
 broken chairs and invalid tables; boxes filled with books, the gifts 
 01 friends, lay stored away in corners; his dining-table, unmoved from 
 week to week and covered with the broken remains of former repasts 
 and his pantry and slec])ing-room disordered and filthy, left upon the 
 visitor an oppressive feeling of homeless solitude that it was impos- 
 >il>ie to ctiface from the memory.""'' 
 
 The occupant of this ill-kept abode, his skin turned to a dark red 
 surely betokening his Indian descent,'' is his family a thousand miles 
 away and wilfully deserted by himself, his hopes and ambitions turned 
 to decay and ashes, crept scant honored into a lonely grave. His son 
 erected a monument to his memory. 
 
 It nutst have been observed that this paper has considered the 
 • lanphin que, .on in connection with Eleazer Williams entirely from the 
 -American standpoint. Granted that certain actions of the French revo- 
 lutionary government in i/o;, granted that certain actions of the 
 restored Bourbon kings, indicated a doubt of the death of young Louis 
 ni the Temple; granted that the frail child did not, as a matter of 
 history, die in 1795, that his escape was accomi)lished, that he received 
 N'lfe asylum in Italy, in England, in America even, yet still l^leazer 
 Williams was not he, Hervagault. Tcrsat. I'ontolive, Mathuriii-Iiru- 
 
 yi.'., Kegi.stei- XIH. '.).-.; Kviiiis' .Si,,iy (jf L.iii.s .Wll. '.it; .Siiiith's KIcizit Will- 
 iams, Wis. Hls(, Coll. VI. Xil: I':Kflnii(l'.s iMiii.iiln In Oivcn Uiiy, D m.i- County A.lvo- 
 •iitu, Decomber 22, IS'.M: llmitooirs Klciizcr Wllllains. 2(IS. Mre. WilUiiiHM' niiiry 
 liowovcr makes tho date Umr ilny.« oaili.M-: ".Viuiist i;4, 185s. .Mr, Wllliaii s died." 
 A.S she was not with lilni at Ills dratli and the ontr.v wa,-* ovid.nily ma.l.' s mortliat 
 later than the evoat I am Indlnod to .•uit'iii ilu' dali' In the tcxi. 
 
 .■{10. An account ■■'• Ms funeral Is in Unnloim's Isli azcr Williams, 208. 
 
 .".17. Williams' 'I'choi'a j-wa-ni'-Bcn. Intnidiictlnn. ]iat;c l.'V 
 
 ;!18. letter, May 2, 18!H'.. of KdwanI II. Wlllla'i s, .Ir. : liiitlor's The St,,ry or 
 r..)iiiM XVII.. The \alion. May ;;|. l.S'.K. H7. 
 
HIS fohkhunxehs, himself. 
 
 193 
 
 ncau. Ojarda.s, Meves, Ricl.emont. Naundorfif, any one of the brood 
 of Boiirbonic upstarts, had better reason to be identified as that 
 cscape.l scon of unliappy majesty than the half-breed Iroquois whose 
 mes have alien unto us in this paper, who was born more than 
 hree years later than Louis, at a place removed three thousand miles 
 rom the rock of Louis' cradle, of a parentage not Capetian and Aus- 
 trian, but Mohawk and Massachusetts, who never heard the eastern 
 sv-as , of the Atlantic waves an<l who never elbowed royalty save on Lake 
 Michigan and at Green Bay. 
 
 It must also have been observed that this paper, although brought 
 into late being as a conse<,uenoc of The Story of Louis A'/ 7/ of 
 /•/•omv has made but scant mention of that efTort. Purposely' so 
 Notwithstanding the author's advertisement that her volume is •, 
 new solution of a historical mystery", notwithstanding the compli- 
 ment ot Professor Andrew D. White, ex-minister of the United States 
 o Russia, that the book is "beautiful ami interesting" and "must take 
 the leading place in the literature of the subject" and that "it makes out 
 a strong case ^"" one cannot avoid wondering whether the author de- 
 sires to be taken seriously, whether she does not intend a huge gro- 
 tesque. But admitting the grave purpose.-'^o this must be said- In the 
 pages devote.l to Elea.er Williams there is little that has not been 
 condensed, errors an.l all, from The Lost Prince: the book abun- 
 dantly deserves the characterization of The Athenaeum, "exceptionally 
 tedious and ill-written compilation" ;•>:■•' that portion relating to Eleazer 
 Williams overllows with statements for which no proof is ten- 
 dered, overllows with statements lor which no proof can be ten- 
 dered Two or three specimens of the inaccuracies must be pre- 
 sented: ^fr.s. Evans states that Thomas Williams' mother was stolen 
 by the Indians from Deerfield in 1704^^— Thomas Williams' mother 
 was not born until after I7i4.'^=' Again, it is related that certain 
 hrench travelers visited in 1794 in Stockbridge "Mr. Williams, a man 
 ot social and political importance, founder of Williams College "■''-* 
 The founder of Williams Colleoe, Colonel Ephraim Williams, died Set.- 
 tember 8 i755.'=-- nearly forty years before the Frenchmen visited 
 Stockbridge. Mrs. Evans may be excuse<l for this error, for she bor- 
 rowed it irom Mr. Hanson.''^'" Once more: the world is gravely in- 
 formed that the prince dc Joinviiic w:,s "the eldest son of King Louis 
 
 319. A.lvcrtisnmoiK In Tho Alhoiinouui. K..!). .% 1S94 
 
 m TI,o Allnntio .M.,„tl,lv (.Inno ISW, s.-,2) soon>s to 'think l.or sort „is 
 
 .5-1. llio Atlitmicuni .No. .'M.-.s, Krlun.'iiv :! 1,S!M n 140 
 
 322. Pngo 15. .....■.-. 
 
 32.S Tl.om,.s WlULuns' ,„<,(l,..,',s molluM' «,-,s Im, ei;.'hf y,..„s ol,l iu ITiU Will- 
 Iiinis Itdliprt WIIII;ini.«, l,". "'" 
 
 '■'•■^\. Kvnnn' .Story of IauiIs XVII, -11, V2. 
 ;iJ.-.. Ev.Totfs AfiilnvN, Oniti.ms unci .Si.eocli-*. 11. Xn. 
 :!2ii. Hanson's lliive Wo .i lionih.in Anlon^' TsV IMin.nMs, I 211 
 
i 
 
 19i 
 
 KLKAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 V -h 
 
 
 Philippe," and that when he arrived in America in 1841 "one of his 
 first enquiries was whether a man named Eleazer Williams was living 
 among the Indians of Northern New York. "•■*-" Tliese two clauses rest 
 on equal authority, the latter on Eleazer Williams''-^ and the former 
 on nothing. Surely Mrs. Evans should have known that while she was 
 writing her book in England a son of Louis Philippe, elder ihan de 
 Joinville, was then living in Europe. The due de Nemours, the sec- 
 ond son of Louis Philippe died aged eighty-one years June 25. 1896.^-" 
 Let us read together Macaulay's criticism of Mr. Croker: "We 
 do not suspect him of intentionally falsifying history. But of this high 
 literary misdemeanor we do without hesitation accuse him — that he 
 has no adequate sense of the obligation which a writer, who professes 
 to relate facts, owes to the public. We accuse him of a negligence and 
 an ignorance analogous to that crassa ncgligcntia and that cmssa 
 ignoniiitia on which the law animadverts in magistrates and surgeons 
 even when malice and corruption are not imputed. We accuse him of 
 having undertaken a work which, if not rfornied with strict accuracy, 
 must be verj much worse than uselesf ad of having performed it as 
 if the difTerence between an accurate aiiu an inaccurate statement was 
 not worth the trouble of looking iiit(.) the most common book of refer- 
 ence."3-'i" 
 
 It is difihcult accurately to characterize the Rev. Mr. Hanson in his 
 capacity as the defender and promoter of lileazcr Williams and his 
 claims. As the grand nephew of Oliver Goldsmith^-''^ he may be ex- 
 cused if he was credulous and simple-minded. Hut so much imposi- 
 tion was practiced by Eleazer Williams, so many marvelous tales he 
 related, sn many dncunuiils he boasted of hut never exhibited, so many 
 discrepancies are palpable in his journals, so many statements unsub- 
 stantiated, that I wonder the uttermost extreme of gullibility did not 
 become susi)icious. That Mr. Hanson was an enthusiastic autl loyal 
 advocate; that he wrote vigorous, elegant and exciting English; tliat 
 his enthusiasm became contagious, producing adherents who are still 
 believers; that he infected other reputable ministers whose arguments 
 and evidence were superficially powerful— all these things are admitted. 
 Whether Mr. Hanson's investigations and probings left him still in 
 his heart a believer in the statements set out in The Lost Prince, 
 whether at his death''- three years after the book was printed he 
 
 Piilii,TMi"s I, tOU; Il.'insciri's 
 
 ."127. Kviiiis' Stoi-y »t I/iiiis XVII. ;iL'. 
 .'12K. Hanson's Have We a lioiirlioii Aiimnj: f 
 The Lost Trinoe, 3.'!0. 
 
 32t». Itrvlow of Uovlcws, .\iij.'iist. Isoil. I,"i2. 
 
 330. .Sec Mnrnulny's Crltloal atu\ .MIsrclljiMi'uiis Essays, II, is, (Npw Yoil;. IsTsi 
 
 331. Piitnanrs, II. n. k., 127, for .Inly. l,s«S. 
 
 ;t32. .Mr. HanRoti dtml lS,-.7; Mr. Collon ill. ,1 .Mar. Ii i;!, IS."; Hf. Hawks ilicil 
 SeplnnlMT 2tl, iscd and Dr. VIntoii illoil .Sepinnljci- 2'.t, 1S72; K.-v. riiailcs F. Itoli- 
 t^rtson, Willi was ronsrcratiMl hlsliop of .Mls-ourl Oi-IoIht 2."i. ISI.s. ilj.'il .May I. I.ssti 
 
HIS FORERUNNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 195 
 
 looked back witli satisfaction and self-approval upon Iiis volume, I 
 have no means of knowing. Certain it is, however, that in his writings 
 on the subject now in hand Mr. Hanson was often intemperate and not 
 always fair. Notice in his attack upon Dr. S. W. Williams, the fol- 
 lowing, italics and quotation marks included ::'•"■'• 
 
 But l)r. Willlama contradicts himself in .a iimnnor which shows how litllo 
 reliance can ho placeil on any of his rccolloctions. On p. 174;i;i4 wc are lold hy him 
 Mr. Williams never ma.l,. the ' mo.l ,li.t>u„ .-Ulnsion" to "his .ver having had an 
 nterview w th the Prince de .loinvillc:" and lo! on p. 177 we road. ■ lleL,„.~n, I. 
 
 to. I ,n,.:u„l u,y f.;n,Uy tUnt tinr. yisit frn „ th. ,>nn v,,s »; rons.vnen.',. nf In. 
 
 rPhinnnslni. t„ his ,yi,;, -nul that ho r.ooivcd his , resents ITom th. sam. cans. 
 His sl,„l,.s here wore much at varianoo will, thoso U. the n:a;-a/.ino," I w. ndcr will, 
 w>iat In-. Williams' stories are at variance. 
 
 It is not to the credit of Mr. Hanson, but it is strict justice to the 
 memory of Dr. S. W. Williams-a most exemplary and truthful man-''' 
 —to write that the former has deliberately misquoted the latter. On 
 page 174 Dr. Williams is recording a single interview with Eleazer 
 Williams— the interview in 1846 in which the latter gave Dr. Williams 
 the genealogical particulars (luoted in this pai)cr— and Dr. Williams 
 states that at that interview Eleazer gave him the "notice of his family, 
 without ever making the most distant allusion to his roval descent or 
 to bis ever having had an interview with de Joinville."' This is not 
 contradictory of page 177-Dr. Williams was to careful to make such 
 an error. Air. ilanson was not fair to accuse him of it. ■'>•"• 
 
 This is but one instance— c.r itnn disa- oiiiiics. I am constrained 
 to believe that in his loyalty to tiie royal pretensions of Eleazer Wil 
 Iiams, in his pettish, even angry, h<istility to opposing views, in his 
 surendering the calm historical judicial sense lo the acrimoniousness 
 of the advocate,:'''- ^fr. Hanson became uncandid and disingenuous. 
 From that criticism his method cannot escape; while, with a lull 
 knowledge of Eleazer Williams, his character, his disposition, his 
 racial propensities, Tlw /.,..,/ I'riiur with its formidable .inay of 
 empty stntements can be pricked and proven ;i vain bubble. 
 
 WIELIAM WARD WKiHT. 
 
 ;i.'l.".. Hanson's 'I'lio r,<is( I'rin.',., 1.J2. 
 
 .■i.ll. or lir. Williams' edition of The Uodeenied rajitive. 
 
 •■!.V,. .Se(. Ills life and .liaraeler In llimllnntun's S. W. Wlillam~ II ;!,Sli 
 
 a.'itl. Mrs. Evans is i-nlily of like niilalrness. Story of I,<,nls XVIl,,',s5. 
 
 ''•"■"*' •"-'••'l"«' Mr. Hanson .oe .slinnis' Ii-o,,nois lloiirlHin, .South- 
 i.s.vi. p:iL'.. ir,;! 
 
 .'i.17. I'or a llk< 
 ern f.liiiirti ily lt,.\|,.u-. ,|iilv 
 

 appp:ndix I. 
 
 AU'llAliKTIi'VIi LIST OK WOUKS CITKD. 
 
 I 
 
 
 8. 
 
 9. 
 
 10. 
 11. 
 12. 
 
 13. 
 14. 
 
 15. 
 
 10. 
 17. 
 
 18. 
 1!». 
 
 20. 
 
 Zl. 
 24. 
 
 •J5. 
 20. 
 27. 
 
 ■JS. 
 
 AllilKiiic, .Siimuol A., Diclliinary of Eiit;Iisli Utnalino and Il.iiis'i ami AnuM 
 
 loan autlioi-s. 3 v. I'liila. lSo9, 1870, 1S71. 
 Allicniunmi, Tlic. Lidndoii. Febiuary 3, 1S!)4, pagu HI. 
 Atlantic .Monthly, The. Boston. June, 1894. Vol. LXXIll. S,'jL' 
 Balrd, Elizabeth T. Indian Cnstonis and Kai'ly Koc.ille, tlnns. In \\:sron>in 
 
 Historical Collections, IX, 303. 
 Baini, Ilonry S. Early History and Condition of Wisconsin. Willi noies l.y 
 
 Lyman C. Draper, In Wisconsin Illslorical Col led Ions, II, TJ. 
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 Valley .Menioiial .Vssoclailoti, I, 18. 
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 Be;in(l.esne, A. de, I.»)uis XVII. Ills Life— His .^iinrrinK ITs Ilrntl>. 
 
 Translated hy W. Hazlitt. 2 v. I.,ondiin, IS.Vi. 
 Benuell, K. .S. .\1,, sccrel.iry of the Bishop of Chester, Em;l,iiid. I.eli r. 
 
 .March 21, 18»(i. 
 Boslon Dally .Tonrnal. Octoher 17, 1848. 
 
 Brown, Cordelia. SholHiysan, Wisconsin. Ijctler, May 12. IMli. 
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 Vol. 58. No. l,-,(l<>. May 31, 18,14. 417. 
 Cannlfl', Wlllhun. Tin- Mediial Profession In rppei- <an d:i, 17s'l-|vrit, 
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 Collections, HI 5fi. 
 Catalogue of the puhlleali<ins of the Unlled Slnlos, 177l-1s.'il, Maih' ly I'.iii. 
 
 Pcrlcy Poore. WashinKtoii, LSS."). 
 Catalogue of the Wisconsin Slate Historical Society, ^dl, \. 
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 Vol. II, 117. 
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 Da Costa, Benjamin F. The Story of SI, Kegis's Bill, In (iiilavy, .Limniry, 
 
 1870. Vol, IX, 121. 
 Dartmouth College Centennial, ISOO. 
 
 Davidson, .Tohn N. In Fiinami'd Wisconsin. Mlhvnulee, IR'.ri. 
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 Do Qulncey. Thomas. Autobiographic Skelcliis. Bosioi, 1S"3 
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 Draper. Lyman C, Additional Notes on Kleazrr Wllllaiiis In W'spoiisln IIIs- 
 lorleal l'..lleetlons, VIH, .'l.");!. 
 
ELKAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 197 
 
 211. Diirrip, Daniel S \ VI ,.i,.i, . p t i „ v 
 
 '•olleotlons, vn .,5^ ' '""" '° ''''''"''' ""^"■•-' 
 
 ;io,!'lS'' '"'"""^ '" ^'■"- '•■-'«'-"'"'^ New Y„r.<. 4v. New,!,;:;;!: 
 
 ri;!. Kllis. Albert U. Finy-r.,,,. Vo.rs' l.cllocU.us .,f M,.„ .n.l Kvont. i., W s 
 
 lorifiil (ollrcl iMiis, VII, L'OT 
 
 ;M. Klli. AUK.n U. Ue^lWlloUs or U,.v. Kl...,.,. WHIia.n^. „, Wi-con.,,, His 
 
 toi-lcal (Villerdons, vm, s-j-^ '" '"^ 
 
 .'*.-. Kills Mbenti. S,„Me .\,..„uMt nf „„. Aclvvut of tl,o N.w Vol. l,„lia„. into 
 
 -• '.>.i' t, hhanl. A.l.lress B,.,ore M,o A,Iol|,l,lo Cnlo,, of Wlinanm (J ul « ■ 
 - UK„.st I., 1837. ..ntUled Superior ..u, IV.puNa. K,,,,,,, ,. ,. n, Lve n^: 
 ).;a >o„s ana Spcrbos „n Vari.,ns O.vasb.ns, v.,. ,[.. ,on. IL!,!!,, 
 
 ;«'. I-ssemleu, ,l„h„, A s,.,-,„„„ ,„,,„,„„ „. „.,. |,,,^, , ,,„„„^„ ,,„^„ ^,„.. . 
 1.00..,,.. .1. ,,..•„,, Indians sw„„ose,l ,0 ,„ ,„o „,.,v,„lauts „ „n ; Wi 
 uun.s. Auyns, -7, 1837. .;,o..nli..l.l. IK37 
 
 ■"'■ """"?■ i": ""'' ''" '''"•' '"■ ■=--•— ^ o'' tho Past Slx,y V,.„.. 
 
 41. ';•;-". Samnol A. .frotou Lnring „„■ lu.lian War., «ro,.,„. ,!,S3. 
 
 ■J.*. <.roon Itaj- Guzcite, .Inly, 18S(J. 
 
 -13. Grignou. An,us,ln. .s.venly.,wo Yea,.- l(....„Il,.,.,lons of Wise nsin In Wis 
 
 oonsiu Historical ('oUertlons. Ill 1!I7 
 41. HanM, M,^. L. M. „i.,„,y ,, ,„„,ison Conn.y. N„„. y,,,,. s,ra,n.., 
 
 -.5, '--.'^.nn 1,. ,,.,. w,. a lM„..,o. An,.,„. UsV >n.r„„„. t..,. .„ y, is 
 
 I.^ Hanks, In l'„in..„M's .Monlhly .Ma,uazine, F, hrnary, Isr.ll, v„|, ,. 
 
 "■ """TnuH".- ;r ;":?'" '^""^ ■ - •"— ---v ^.a.. 
 
 .V nar,J:r;^";;;u,::"r?.';si,"''^- "^ ^'"■""•^■"^- "■^^^''-' -- 
 
 li». Illslorleal .Magazine, New York, Octnln-r l,s.vi ,1 30.. 
 
 "'■ '''^'Zw I'V'uT- '" "'""" '""^^ M"«-in,:";„ ,„.,no.a,io Rovieu 
 
 ."!>. l-U, 11: 1;, w,.u,n.-, l|l,s„„.y of ,1 ,|,,,i„. .< ,- ,.„„|^ ^v, ,„, 
 
 Krnnep, l,y H. l!, Fjv, nr \ I! V]y 
 ni, Hollan.1, Josl.l, U. HIs.ory of Wes,P,.„ Mas.nehnse.ts 2v, S„rl„u«,.Ul isn , 
 ■;; ":;;■•""■';;■ ;'H«inal I.Msof KaH^am. .. An.o,.,.a. iLon. W . 
 
 """^i„ ;■■••"" ■; '• -^ "'^•■■••^ ■•'■ ^'^ l™'- and FranUlln roun.l,., Nou 
 
 lork. .\lliafiy, l,s,"p;!, 
 
 54. Honse of Ko,„.es,.„,anv,.s- lloi.n-,, N„, S3, 34ti, ,'on.res., Thl,d S.ssi.,„ 
 
 •Mado .laminry Ki, ik,'-,7 Uy Uilliani K S.ii.p 
 on, Ilonso of Kopreseniatlves- Uopo,,, No, :m. 35th r„„„v.., VUsi Ses«i„n 
 
 Mad,. April 1,, isTuS. I,y «!,„r«.. II. I'mdiolnn, 
 ■'<- H„y,, Kp„,,,,,„, Anli.narlan U.soarcla.s: ,• p,isln. a llls,„rv „f the In- 
 
 .11".. war,. In tl„. Tonnlry II ,rdorln,. .•onn,...n..„( Ki„.r ..,„d I-arls \d 
 
 .Incciit. firei'iiilold. l»i,euili,T, ^s■'l 
 ■-7 UnnH„K,on llcl.n M, Mf • ,s„.,,,,„„ w svilllanw, m .Mon.nrial I.I„.,.ap>do- 
 
 •Now I'.nKland Hlni.nle (ioiH.nloKlf.il .Sirloty, II, ,Ms9. 
 
198 
 
 ELEAZER 1 1 ILL I AMS. 
 
 
 I 
 
 til 
 
 ,■)!!. 
 BO. 
 
 lit. 
 
 Co. 
 
 (ttt. 
 
 (i7. 
 
 (is. 
 
 0!>. 
 TC. 
 71. 
 
 74. 
 
 80. 
 81. 
 
 82. 
 
 ■sa. 
 
 84. 
 
 STi. 
 
 80. 
 87. 
 88. 
 
 .Si>, 
 
 IIuiiliioii, Diiiiicl T. V. Elonzer Williams. In M ni.ilai liioprapliKs. Nrw l".ii!;- 
 
 lilllll llisUlliO (JrlU'llIO.ttlClll SlH'icl.V. 111. .'."C 
 
 .Tdinvillo. Friinc.'ipis V. V. L. M. (rOili'viiH. pri' i>c do. .\.'em lirs. Trmslnii'il 
 
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 is:.7. 
 
 I.i(linarlini', .Miilimisc do. Histniy nf the Giniiidits. 3.. Nc.v YurU. 18IN. 
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 I/<uif.'ft'lIo\v, Homy W., cdilur, rooms of l'la<e.s— .\mei'iou. l!o.sloii, 1870. 
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 inoorporaticiii of llic (own of [. imimoadow, ()ctnl)or 17, Is.*^!! 
 Ixist Dauiihin of I'lanoo. In .Milwaiilioo Sonlin.l, December 2!>. 1891, copied 
 
 fi'our (iieon Hay Advoialc. 
 Mi'Call. Janus. Journal of a visit to Wisconsin In 1830. In \Vls<orislii 
 
 Historical Collections XII., 170. 
 Marsli, Cultliig. On the Sto ■kbridiios. In Wi.'^rousin llist.'ri.ai rulloctlons. 
 
 IV., 200. 
 .Martin. Dobonili I!. lirply lo .Mrs. Kvaiis In Grcin Hiiy Gazitc. Ju y 28, 
 
 lSlt5. 
 M.'iilln. Ellzalirtli S. The UiiiTowncd llapsburg. In The Ladies' Re|ios 
 
 itory, Fotiniary, 1874. SO. 
 Martin. Moriraii L. Adilrcs. hefnre the State Historical S cUly of Wis- 
 consin, January 21, 1851. Cnon Bay, 1851. 
 M.irtin, Morgan I>. Nanativo, In Wisconsin Historical dlloctions, \I , 
 
 385. 
 Massjiclnisolts Historical Society I'rocerdiD.u's, 18i!0-7O. 
 Matlics, Georgi! V. Pretender to a Throne. In New York Times, Fehinarv 10, 
 
 1808, 
 .Morelionsp, I'redcric C, Sonic Aniorlca'i Chnrehnion. .Mihvaiiko". 1.S02. 
 .Miink". William. Itoll of the Uoyal Coilcgo of Physicians, 151S-IS(M). Ijon- 
 
 don, 1801. 
 N'cal. Daniel, HIslory of the Pi.iitaiis, 2v. N. Y. 18(3. 1.s44. 
 Neville, i:ila H.; Martin, .Snrah G.; Martin, Hehorih li. Illsiori.- Giicn 
 
 Lay, lt'h!M84(>, Green Bay, 18!i3. 
 Now Englainl Historical and Genealogical Register. Boston 1847-1890 50v. 
 New England Historic Genealogical Society. Rolls of iiiembera, 1.SU 1800. 
 
 Boston 1801. 
 New York. Hociiinenliuy History of Edited liy E. B. O'Callaghaii. .M, Ii.. 
 
 4 V. .\lliany 1840-l.s,")l. 
 New York. Diciinients relutin. lo the col Dial lil-tory of thr -late <if. Blit.d 
 
 by E Ii. OCallagliim. M. I>. 10 v. Alb my IvSH 1S.-.8. 
 Noble, Mark. Memoirs of the Piole. t.nal noiise of Croiiiuell 2v. Blnnlni: 
 
 'lain, 1787. 
 O'Brien, Anna I. Account of Elear.er WlllinmR. In Cliloapo Times. September 
 
 18. 188(1. and under lltle "The Mystery of Life." In Y. mwlne's News, 
 
 September lit, 1,'sSO, 
 Parkman, Francis. A Ilalf-rentnry of Omflict, 2 v. Bosion 1804. 
 Parkman, Francis. Moiilcalni and Wolfe. 2 v. B Hloii 180 (. 
 P.irkman, Francis Tlie old U'-glnie in ('aiiadn. Ho-ton IsOl. 
 Penhallow, Samuel, Hlst<iiy of the Wars of New England Willi the Kastern 
 
 Indians. Philadelphia, 1850, 
 
HIS FOHERVSNERS, HIMSELF. 
 
 199 
 
 "". '--'^-^^^ valley Men.onal Asso.l.ti.n. History and i>,o, c.din,. Vol. 1. 
 
 Ul. Pi.lnam',s Magazine. K.li.urlal. July. 18.18. Vol. II. n. s. 12ti 
 
 '.'-'. lian,. Ja„a.,s. A TioaUso „n Fact.. 4,1, Am. K.lltion. Xew York. J800. 
 
 '.'1. K.la(lon« ,l.-s Ji-snlus. l/.,n l.iM. Vol. I. .jaeb,,-, l,s58. 
 
 '.».-.. U.vi.w of K.vi.w... New V.,rK, Au;:,hi. I8!m. ,,ag,. 152. 
 
 'M. Kohertson. ,;i,arl... F. Xlio l.u.t of th.- l!ou,boM Story. 1„ r,„„a„rs .Ma.- 
 azilll, .Iiily, l.>j(jjj_ II „ g ,jy 
 
 ii^' I-nT'^f """"? ''"'^""'" '^^'"■"'"■^' ^«"^' "• ^-'"- ••«'"- «^'" '-t.os." 
 
 -'0, l.v.l. l,y ,iolm p. Ujile. 
 uu. S..iw..a.it. .lohii, .sioikiMid-c. XAMtT. o M)oi- ::4 i7-i;i 
 IW. Sl,.-a. John (J. Letter .,„ Klouxer Wiilia,,,.. ,„ a„k,1,.u,. H slorical Ko,- 
 
 of<l. .Inly, \ST2, 3uo. 
 U'l. .Sholdon. (Jeorco. Uls.ory of l.ee.liel.l, Iti3i:-18.M!. ^i^ ISHo-C 
 lU.. .slu;l,loi,. Grow. I),erli,.l,l. I.^itei-, April .i. ISUO 
 1":!. SIhley Tohn I.an«,lon. Hio.rapi.ieal Sl<..t..|,e. .X .ir.ulu.te. „f Harvanl 
 
 l.'iUversily. 3 v. Caiiihrlilgo, iss.".. 
 KM. Si^'ourm.y, I.y.lia H.n.iloy. Tli>. Jiell of .St I{o>;ls 
 
 105. .Sinnns, Wlllian, ,1. TIk. lro,„u,l« r.unrl. „. lu .s„,„l,e,„ .i„,„u.rlv Keview 
 July, JH,»J. 1 H. 
 
 lU(i. S„,i,i.. .Jolu. V. Kleazer WiUia.ns an,l U.e I.st rrin.e. ,„ Wls.onsiu His- 
 
 toric:il Colleclioii.s, \'l. ,!I|,S. 
 Iti7. .sioddard, ,(o|,!i. .foiirnnl. In UeKlster. V 26 
 108. Storrs, lUoliard .S, I.<„if:,neaaow. L, tfr, April .; l«ii 
 10'-». Slono, WiUian, 1. Lire ..„„l ri.nes nf Sir Wlliia,,, .roh,,., n! ■> v VU any Is.r, 
 
 110. Sn.horland. .lanu.. K.rly Wiseonsln lOxploration and So.fe.n.at In W ^ 
 
 consin Ul.storical L'ollootl..ns X UTO 
 
 111. Ta««.my, cyprien. IM. tio.nair,. c;w„a:o.i„e oes Fa.uiie .ualina.s 
 
 ^.s^U.Fondanond.iaCione.,,.,p,-ans.,o:,r.. .V. M,,n.e„,. 
 
 U.".. Van K,.„s.s,.laer Cortl, ndt. Illstori.al Dlsn.nrse of tl.e liattle o,' Lake 
 <.ior;r,., l,,v,. I'liiladelpMa, ISTxl 
 
 '"■ """L s':;;'";: '•";"^^^■"• »"" '^l--' ^Vil.l,,n,s, won. T„ey Ueallv 
 
 ir, u-.,,., V ; ■ r""' ^"""^""''^ Ma,.-H/i,.o. Sepie er. lMi8. II. n. s. XJI 
 
 ■;. ad, And,vw U. , ;,.„ealo,i, al History ,.f ,„e Ki.e Kaadly. B ,s,o„ 185 s 
 
 .. ;-;--'. T. A T,,,, 1. St Prinee. In Coioa«o Inter, .can, February , ':,,. 
 
 H.. U nation l-ranets and S,i.l,-., Alf„.d. M,.,ll, nl .,„,• .p,„d nc. a v. Pi" 
 
 adidplila, issi, ' 
 
 ''^- ^^■'"■" !<• <'""••'<•- I. Alilwank.v. inlorvUnv. Mn.lM,,, 
 
 loi Hal ( <i||i'i I lulls. \ ;|->i 
 .-... Wiii„.a.d, U-iliiani v. itisto.y oC Sen, ol S,i,„ r> isi, n in Wise nsin. „i 
 
 U'iseoiisin llislorleal C.lir.i ion- V T,- 
 1:^1 """^'-'T. '•n-les Keeon.tions of a -IW T,i,.,„„| wis.-on-iu in ,8:2 
 
 '" ^^''^ '^'" irislorloal folleotioiis. I (M 
 
 ,'f' ,\^..'"I"' """'"" "■■ '■' '' "•'""• •'""'■'■I'. .Miluank,.., !>,;„ 
 
 1-1. U dd,^, Alexatid, ,-. r,,o Hourhon Who Nov,.- n-i.ned. In Tlio Knlelo r.oeker. 
 
 .Novetnlpir. I.N.i,S, MI m ">.i><-i, 
 
 .::.. WilllautH ,.,uar.l H Jr. l:,,.. r Uillian.. ,„ r,,e Nat. n. Vol. :s Vo 
 
 ir>U. .Tune I I, Ksni, 111'., 
 
200 
 
 KLKAZER WILLIAMS. 
 
 V '■ 
 
 125. 
 
 VIA. 
 
 120. 
 
 i;)o. 
 
 131. 
 
 I In Ills i 
 
 1.^2. 
 
 l.^3. 
 
 KM. 
 
 i:!i;. 
 
 i;!7. 
 
 Willhiuis, Kdwiird II. jr. liobiTt Williams (f Uuxlmr.v. Mass.. nnl lils 
 
 Dcsccmluuts. With ndilpiiila. Nowporl. It. I., 1891. 
 Williams, Kihviird II. Jr.. Hi'tlili'liein. r,'iiiis.vl\.iiii,i. I.i.ncis .\|ii-il il. i:!. 
 
 ir., 20. May 2. 8, 11, l.->, lS9(i. 
 Wlllliims, Kloiizer. Lifp of Tc-lio-ia-Kwa-no gi.'U, .\li:is Tnoiuas Williams. 
 
 With IntiodiRlion jiiid Notes hy I'rankllii B. Ilmigli. Alliiiiy. 18u'.». 
 Williams, Kleazor. Two Homilies: Tho Sahiitluii >•{ Sliiii'is Thniimh 
 
 Uiolies of DiviiK! Grace. Drilveted .\upiisi 8. 1811. in tlio Audi(n<'e ol' 
 
 tlio Oneida Indians at Tlioir Eighth Triennial Anniversary S;nrp lie 
 
 Conversion of 000 ragans of Tliat Trlhe to the Clirl.itian Kalili. With 
 
 Appendi.v. (ireen Bay, 1S12. 
 Williams, ,Tohu. Tlio Hedocnicd Cnptlvo lietnrnliig lo Zien. Added hy S. 
 
 W. Williams: Biosir.'u.hy ,if tln' Aiith ir. .Vppondix and No os. Nortli 
 
 aiupton, 1853. 
 Wllliam.s, .\Ia<lelalno II, Mannseript Diary. 
 
 Williams, Steiil.en W. The (ienealegy .ind Hisiory of liio Kamily or Wll 
 n Amerlea. fjrcenlltld, 1847. 
 Miiisor, .Justin. Carder to Frontenac. Bo-teii and New Y.rli. 1804. 
 Winsor, Justin, Kdltiir. Narrative and Critleal lllslory of North Americ.i. 
 
 Vols. IV., v., Bo.ston and .\. w Y<,rk, n, d. 
 World, The. New Voik. Septoniher I'.i, 1807. 
 Harper's New iloiilhly .Magazino, Jine \>-9,2, i age t4>>. 
 .Seneea Nation of Indians v. Chrisiy. l:t Hun ."24: 12; \. Y 122 \fV V S 
 
 283. 
 Tuelier, The I!ev W. J., P. D.. Han ,vei, N. tl, I.elter, August 2:., 18;i(!. 
 
 APPENDIX II 
 
 Children of the Itev. John and Kunlco (Mai her) Williams 
 
 i 
 
 Name. 
 
 Date of Birth 
 
 Date ot Death i Ilcmnrks 
 
 Kleazer 
 
 .Samuel 
 
 Kathtr 
 
 .Stephen 
 
 lUialUin 
 
 Ihinico 
 
 John 
 
 Warhain 
 
 Jemimn 
 
 .rerus:ha 
 
 Jornsha 
 
 July 10. 1088 
 January 21, 1000 
 April 10, 1091 
 •May 14, 1093 
 .MlV 1, 1095 
 .SeplemI er 17, IO'.h; 
 .I.'iPiiary 19, KHKS 
 September 10, 1099 
 Septemlier 3, 1701 
 Seiitemlier 3, 1701 
 January 15, 1704 
 
 1 - 
 
 ^<eptcmher2I. 1742|Minister at .Mansliehj, Conn. " 
 Juno 30, 1713 Tuwn eleik of Deirlield 
 March 12, 1751 j Wit,.. ,d' Itev. ,Insepl, Meaehani 
 June 10, 17S2 .Minlsler .at I.oiigiiiea(hiw m yeais 
 .i|irll 15, 1090 
 
 17S0 -<'.i|.lh(? at C.MUghiiauaga 
 Feliruary29, I7ii4 Killed at Ihc massa.Te 
 .runo22, 1751 ;.MIiilsler at Wallhain 
 Septemher 11, 17oli 
 Septemlier 10. 1701 
 February 29, 1704 1 Killed at the massacre 
 
 ■^-^ 
 
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 AI'IEVDIX IV. 
 
 THK HKLI. OK ST. REGIS, 
 by 
 
 Lyilia Hiintl' y Sliionrricy. 
 
 The red men (aiiie In tlioir pride niul wnitli. 
 
 Deep vciiKoimce tind ilieir eye. 
 And the Itlood of Iho while was in tlnlr patli, 
 
 And the flame fioiii liis p^rot' rose hl;;h. 
 
 Then down from (lie Imrnlni.' cliiircli tliey tore 
 
 The bell of timefiil sound, 
 And on with tlielr captive (ruin tliey lioie 
 That wondeiful ililnf; to tlulr u.itlv bIhjP. , 
 
 The null' I'auaili.in lunircl. 
 
 But now and then, witli n feari'ul tone, 
 It struck on ti.cir startled ear,-- 
 
 And sad it was. mid the nioiiiitiilns lone. 
 
 Or the ruined tempest's mutleied moiin. 
 That terrilde voice (o hiar. 
 
 It seemed like the question that stir.s ihe suul 
 
 Of Its secret guod or 111. 
 And they quaked as its Btcru and sobmn toll 
 
 Re-eclioed from reck to hill. 
 
 b 
 
 .\nd they started up in tlielr b:oi;eii ili'tam. 
 
 Mid tlie lonely fnrcst sl.aile. 
 .■Vnd thonglit liiat tlicy heard ilie d.viiig .-eriMm, 
 .And saw the liluod ol' slaughter slrraiu 
 
 Afresh tiimugli tlie village gh'de. 
 
 Then they sat In cminoil. Iliose .hleflains olcl. 
 
 And a miyiity pit was m.-idr. 
 Where the lake with lis silver waters rolle.l 
 They hurled that hell 'iieatli tlie verdant lu niM, 
 
 .\iid er<ls^;ell tliemselvis .ind prayed. 
 
 .\iid there till a. stalely pow w^u mme 
 
 It slept in its tomb furgnt: 
 With a mantle of fur, and a hrow ol' ilaiiir'. 
 
 He stood oil (hat btirlal spot: 
 
ELMAZEIi WILLIAMS. 
 
 Tl.oy «lieele.l (ho duii.e with iis mjstic round 
 
 At the stormy iniilnlKht Ijoiir. 
 And a (IcaJ nian'H hand on his l)n.ust ho h.und 
 And Invoked, eio l,e broke that awfnl irr.Mind, 
 
 Tliu doiiion.s of pride and power, 
 
 Then ho raiso.l iho i,ell, with a nameless lite, 
 
 Whirh iioNo hut hliiisrlt iiiiglit ti'U, 
 111 l.laiikct and h..ar-skiri ho b.nind it tiirht, 
 And it jouriio.ved in silence both day and iiiiiln, 
 So slrong wa.H that nmsir Bpell. 
 
 It spako no moro, till St. Itoyis' tuwev 
 
 In northern skies mipomod. 
 An,l their logonds ext,d that pow uoWs powur 
 Which lulled (hat knell like the poj py n ,wcr. 
 As coiiscIeBci' now sluniliercth a liltio h..nr 
 
 In the cell of a heart tliaCs seared. 
 
 203 
 
■f • 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 No. a. 
 
 No. 8. 
 No. 4. 
 No. 5. 
 No. 6. 
 
 No. 8, 
 No. 9. 
 
 By Montgomery E. 
 
 PARKMAN CLUB PUBLICATIONS. 
 
 Nicholas Perrot; a Study in WiseooHin History. By Gardner P. 
 
 Stidcney, Milwaukee, 1895. 16 pp.. paper ; 8to. 
 Exploration of Laljo Superior; tho Voyages of Radisson and Groseil. 
 
 lierH. By Henry C.CampbeU, Mil waulteo, 1806. 22pp.,paper;8TO. 
 Cheyaller Henry de Tonty ; Hia Exploits in the Valley of the Miseis- 
 
 Hippi. By Henry fi. Legler. Milwankee, 1896. 22 pp., paper ; 8to. 
 The Aboriirlnes of the Northwest; a Glance into the Hcinoto Past. 
 
 By Frank T. Terry. Milwankee. 1896. 14 pp., paper; 8vo. 
 Jonathan Carver; His Trarels in the Northwest in 1766-8. By John 
 
 O.Gregory. MUwankee, 1896. 28 pp., 1 plate, 1 map, paper; 8to. 
 Negro Slavery in Wisconsin. By John N. Davidson. MUwankee, 
 
 1896. 28 pp., paper; 8 vo. 
 
 IN F>RECSS. 
 
 Charles Langlade, Wisconsin's First Settler. 
 
 Mcintosh. 
 The Germaa Voter in Wisconsin Politics. By Ernest Brnncken. This 
 
 paper mil cover the period preceding the organization of the 
 
 Republican party. 
 
 IM F»RttF» A RATION. 
 
 Boatwick, M. M.- Ancient Copper Minors of Lake Pupflrior 
 
 Bruncken, Ernest- The German Voter in Wisconsin Politics, 
 will include the period cf the civil war. 
 
 Campbell, Uenry Colin-Monard, the Jesuit. Migrations of the Hurons. 
 Wisconrin ' ' '^"^'' Nelson - Beginniogs of Higher Education in 
 
 Gregory, John G.— Soffrnge in Wisconsin. 
 
 Kelly, Frederick W.- Local Govemmeut in Wi^condn. 
 
 La Boule, Rev. Joseph 8.-AUouez. the Father cf Wisconsin Missions. 
 
 i-«Klr, Henry E.— Mormons in Wisconsin. 
 
 Mcintosh, Montgomery E.- CoK.per«tive Communities in Wi^juniiin. 
 
 Millor, Prank H.- Polanders in Wisconsin. 
 
 Starkey.Dan B.- Wisconsin and the Revolutionary Epoch 
 
 «n,i tK°7' S""'"" P-Certain Vegetable Pood Products of Wisconsin 
 and Their Bearing upon Indian Life. T 
 
 Terry, Frank T.— Wisconsin Aborigines. 
 
 Wight, William Ward- Joshua Glover, the Fugitive Slave. 
 
 This paper 
 
 T K^^ «''*"*"' ComiiTTBiB.- Henry Colin Campbell. Henry K. Logler and 
 John G. Gregory. i 
 
 .# I'^^v *'i."""' ^^1^ ^"^ organiaed Dec. 10th. 1895, for study of the history 
 of the Northwest. Its publications are printed for private distribution by 
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 aside for sale and exchange. Single copies are sold at the uniform price of 
 -55 cents, and the annual subscription (10 numbers) is placed at $1 50 
 
 Correspondence may be addressed, 
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 [ *27 Bradford Street, MiLWAUKaE, Wis.