PRELIMINARY REPORT 
 
 OS A 
 
 GNEISSOID SERIES 
 
 UNDERLYING THE GOLD-BEARING liOCKS OF NOVA SCOTIA, 
 
 AND SUPPOSED TO BE THE EQUIVALENT 
 
 OP TUB 
 
 LAURENTIAN SYSTEM. 
 
 B* 
 
 HENRY YOULE HIND, M. A. 
 
 (Formerly of Trinity College, Toronto.) 
 
 Aathor of "Reports on the Red River Expedition of 1857," "Reporls" and "Naf 
 rative of the Assinniboine and Saskntcliewan Exploring PLxpedition of 1858," 
 " Explorations in tho Interior of tlio Labrador Peninsula, 1862," " Prollminai'y 
 Report on the Geology of New Brunswick, 1865," &c., &c. 
 
 '■:•■*. ' ■■ ' • ' lij ■ %*K;* -S>"- ■ • r :- ■ 
 
 ' ' ' ' ' ^^' <•.*'■•--' . -,. ,, .. 
 
 HALIFAX. N. S., 
 
 PRINTED BY CITARLE3 ANNAND, 
 
 1870, 
 
Hon. Robert Robertson, M. E. C, 
 
 Commissioner of Ficblic Works and Mines,. 
 
 Sm,— 
 
 I have the honor to submit a general description of tlio 
 Series of Sedimentary Deposits lying below the known gold 
 bearing rocks of Nova Scotia, the discovery of which I com- 
 municated to yon some time since. 
 
 Numerous details respecting the structure and distribution 
 of this series are necessarily reserved for my report on the 
 Sherbrooke Gold District, wliich, with maps and sections, is 
 in an advanced state of preparation. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 HENRY YOULE HIND. 
 Windsor, Jan. 5th, 1870. 
 
CONTENT; 
 
 1. Letter to the Hon. Robert tlobcrtson, M. E. 0. 
 
 2. Introductory Remarks. 
 
 i3. The Gold-bearing Rocks— Lowe i' Silurian. 
 
 4. The Gneissoid Series— Ljiurentian. 
 
 5. Provisional •Grouping of the Beds. 
 
 C. Probable development of this Series in Cape Breton. 
 
 7. Rocks probably older than the known Gold-bearing Strata aboVo the 
 
 LaurentiaUk 
 
 8. Auriferous Zone in the Laurentiani 
 
 D. The Gneissoid Series^a Guide in the Search for Workable Deposits 
 
 of Gold. 
 
 10. Theory and Practice ttt Waverleyi 
 
REPORT. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 
 
 TfiG series described in the following pr jes is supposed to 
 represent a part of the Laurentian system of Sir W. E. Logan, 
 as developed in Nova Scotia. 
 
 The discovery in this Province of rocks older than tho 
 Lower Silurian, has long been considered highly probable b)'' 
 Geologists, and Dr. Dawson, in tho second edition of his 
 " Acadian Geology," hints at the probability of certain beds 
 being older than the position ho provisionally assigned to 
 them. On page 620, in describing the " Lower Silurian 
 Period," he says : '• Reasoning on those facts, we arrive at 
 the conclusion that the alternations of quartz rock and clay 
 slate constitute one very tliick formation, having probably 
 a predominance of quartzito below and slate above; but 
 whether the mica schist and gneiss which occur on tho penin- 
 sula of Cape Cansoau, and also in Queens county and Shel- 
 burne, and the cbloritic beds of Yarmouth, are to bo regarded 
 as continuations of this series, differently changed by mota- 
 niorphism, or as portions of other members of the Lower 
 Silurian or of still older deposits, remains uncertain." 
 
 Tho geographical distribution of the Laurentian in Nova 
 Scotia is roughly indicated on Dr. Dawson's map of Nova 
 Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Lsland, by most of 
 the areas colored pink, numbered 10, and classed in the refer- 
 ence as *' Granite, Syenite," &c,, with their extension in dif- 
 ferent directions into the broad area representing the Lower 
 Silurian and numbered 6. Dr. Dawson anticipates in some 
 measure this change, for he says in the beautifully illustrated 
 and descriptive work already referred to : (^) 
 
 " The map in this edition, though greatly improved, is still 
 to be regarded as merely a rude approximation to the truth, 
 and the coloring in many places, more especially in the inte- 
 rior, remote from tho coast lines, is little more than conject- 
 ural." And again — 
 
 " In Nova Scotia, also, I havo no doubt that whenever a 
 detailed map shall be prepared, showing the courses and 
 
 (1) Pago xi , Explanations of the Geological Map, Acadian Geology.—- By J. W» 
 Dawson, F.K.S., &c., &c. 
 
6 
 
 limits of tlio qurivtzito and sl;i(o hawh, of tlio gneiss and 
 niica-iOate, and of the many irrognlar dikes and masses of 
 granite and other eruptive 'rocks, it will present an appear- 
 ance marvellously intricate and complex, in comparison with 
 the broad coloring of the present map." 
 
 In Cape Breton,! think that a large portion of the northern 
 part of the Island, colored as Upper Silurian, Avill bo Ibnnd to 
 show rocks of the same age as the gold-bearing and nndei-- 
 lying gneissoid series. In ISGG I ibimd black corrugated 
 slates, resembling those of our gold-iields, north of Cheticamp ; 
 and on the MacKenzie River, about three miles south of Rod 
 Capo, a gneissoid series with beds of mica schist. 
 
 In New Brunswick, my personal knowledge of the broad 
 belt of " Granite, Syenite," &c., extending from Bathurst, on 
 the Bay of Chaleurs,to the mouth of the Penobscot, in :Maiiie, 
 embraces the country from Bathurst to near the boundary 
 line between New Brunswick and Maine. This belt of rock, 
 on Sir W. E. Logan's map, published in 18G5, is colored as 
 '•■ Intrusive Granite, «fec.," and in the references (page 15) Sir 
 William Logan states as follows : " For the geology of the 
 adjacent British Provinces we are indebted l'"or New Bnms- 
 Avi'ck to a map by the late Prof James Robb, and also to the 
 subsequent labors of Profs. Henry Youle Hind and L. W. 
 Bailey, and Messrs. Matthew and Ilartt." :My " Preliminary 
 Report on the Geology of New Brunswick " was not published 
 until after Sir W. E. Logan's map was printed, and on page 50 
 of that report I stated with reference to these granites, that 
 " they are indeed to be regartled more as metamorphosed or 
 altered sedimentary strata than as intrusive rocks. They 
 have probably been altered in position and belong to the class 
 named by Prof. Hunt " Indigenous Rocks." 
 
 In an incomplete MS. mai) of New l^runswick now before 
 me, a t.racing of a portion of which I sent to Sir W. E. Logan 
 in 18G5, no less than eight bands of granite are shown on one 
 section across this great belt of rocks. There are described 
 in my report on New Brunswick, on page 45, under the head- 
 ing •"' Numerous granite belts on the Miramichi."c^) 
 
 (1) The Nonh West Branch of the South West Mh'amichi. 
 
 The following is the order ahbreviuted from my Report, (piigo 45,) of a section 
 across Iho strike of tlio belt on the North West Branch of the South Wi-st Miraniichi: 
 
 1. Low Grnuite Domes. 
 
 IMteaeoous Seliists, with Gninite Domes occasionally peneti-ating through thom. 
 
 2. White Granite, with involved musses of Schist. 
 ^Micaceous Schist and Quartzite Sehi.<ts. 
 
 3. While Granite. 
 Ferruginous Schist. 
 
 4. Grunite, with parallel beds of Schist. 
 
Aided by tlic information since obtainc(l from u study of tlio 
 rocks in Nova Scotia, I sliould now nso tlie terms " Oranitoid 
 Gneiss," and " Gneiss conglomerate," for the term " Graiu'tc," 
 in a description of tlie great New Brunswick belt, which T 
 snpposo to be of the same ago as the Nova Scotian series 
 described in the following pages, and the black slates on the 
 Nipisiqnit to bo of the same age as the black slates Ibrming 
 the known summit of the gold-bearing rocks of Nova Scotia. 
 
 With regard to the ages of the Gold-bearing and Gneissoid 
 sci'ies, I have spoken of them, provisionally, as Lower Silurian 
 and Laurontian. Conclusive evidence derived from fossils 
 has not yet been obtained from tho gold-bearing slates and 
 qnartzites. Since the discovery of tho ibrms resembling the 
 Paloeotrochis ol' Emmons, noticed in my report on the Waverley 
 Gold District, T have sent to Mr. IJillings slabs containing 
 supposed fossils from tho Sherbrooke rt)cks. ^Ir. Billings' 
 opinion of these supposed fossils is contained in the following 
 quotations from a letter with which lie favored mo on the 
 subject: 
 
 No. 3, " Casts from beds about IGOO feet above the base." 
 
 '' These liave tho farm that would be made by an Orthis, 
 almost the size of Orthis 'pecilndla, Conrad. Some of the 
 cavities have one side Hat and the other convex, Avhich would 
 answer very well for the species cited. In one of the cavities 
 there are several I'adiating ridges, coi-responding to the ribs 
 of 0. pectinella. These appearances are not sufficient to 
 enable me to say positively that the impressions are of organic 
 origin, while, at the same time, they prevent one from assert- 
 ing the ojipositc opinion, i. e., that th.ey are not organic.''' 
 
 No. 5. '• I think this is an Fosjjongia, but ns it does not 
 show any minute structure, will not say so positively." 
 
 '■• None of tlie other specimens exhibit any oiganic charac- 
 ters whatever. But No, 2 (Chiastolite) appears to me to bo 
 important for the reason that it occurs in tho gold-bearing 
 beds of Australia. I showed your specimens to Mr. Schvyn, 
 and he says the mineral has exactly tho same form as that 
 which occurs in the Australian rocks, holding tho Quebec grap- 
 tolites. It is always found there in the vicinity of the"'granitic 
 
 5. Granite belt, 400 yards broad. 
 Ferrnginous Schist. 
 
 6. Granite. 
 Siliceous Schist. 
 
 7. Granite. 
 Quurtzites. 
 
 8. Granite. 
 Quartzitcs. 
 
8 
 
 or gncisaoid rocks. Ho docs not think it to be Cliiastolite 
 proper, but whatever it may be, it is in his opinion the same 
 as that of Australia. Fospongia occurs in the same horizon 
 in Canada, and tlius wo have a concurrence (of two facts) 
 whicli seems to tlirow some light on the age of the rocks of 
 your district." 
 
 THE GOLD-BEARING ROCKS — LOWER SILURIAN. 
 
 The known gold-bearing rocks of Nova Scotia consist of 
 quartzites, sandstones, and grits, interstratified with argilla- 
 ceous slates and thin conformable beds of auriferous quartz. 
 This portion has an ascertained thickness exceeding 9000 feet, 
 and between the base and a vertical distance of about 3000 
 feet from the summit, the thin quartz beds are found yielding 
 gold, and arc worked in the different Gold Districts in the 
 Province, so that a mass of strata having a thickness of six. 
 thousand feet, or more than a mile, yields gold from quartz 
 beds of contemporaneous age with the quartzites and slates 
 Avith which they are interstratified. Another set of leads, 
 which are true Veins, cutting the strata, together with gash 
 veins, both of later age than the enclosing rock, also yield 
 gold, and are worked in some Districts. Overlying the beds 
 just described is a thick band of argillaceous slate, blue-black, 
 and black in color, ferruginous, finely corrugated, and con- 
 taining beds of quartz in which gold has been found near 
 Sherbrooke and at Wine Harbor, but no mining is carried on 
 at present in these deposits. The black ferruginous slates 
 exist in New Brunswick, and are noticed in my report on the 
 geology of that Province. 
 
 The thickness of the black slates in Nova Scotia exceeds 
 three thousand feet, so that the gold-bearing rocks of the 
 Province have a known thickness of 12000 feet. 
 
 THE GNEISSOID SERIES — LAURENTIAN. 
 
 Near the village of Sherbrooke, on the east side of the St. 
 Mary's River, the quartzites are seen to rest unconformably 
 upon a coarse and highly felspathic bed of gneiss. 
 
 Here the gne-ssoid strata are broken by faults, but a quarter 
 of a mile from 'he English church the gneiss is seen to have 
 a northwest strike, with a southeast dip, while the overlying 
 quartzites have a nearly east and west strike, with a northerly 
 dip. 
 
A bod in the gneissoid series, about eighty feet below the 
 visible summit at Shcrbrooke, holds masses of a gritty schist, 
 bearing some resemblance to bods in the overlying and uncon- 
 formable quartzite series. The masses of schist, some of 
 which are two feet 'ong and six or eight inches thick, are 
 interpenetrated with granitic veins. The bed in which they 
 arc found is overlaid by well stratified gneiss, and underlaid 
 by massive beds of gneiss, which forms the material from 
 which tho so-called granite of Sherbrooko is quarried. 
 
 Four miles on a northerly course from Shcrbrooke village, 
 gneiss, distinguished by red felspar, has crushed through the 
 quartzite series, being brought up by a fault, and the junction 
 i« visible for a considerable distance near the head of the 
 Indian Harbor Lakes. In close vicinity is found a great area 
 of coarse porphyritic granitoid gneiss, which occupies tho 
 country for several miles, its western boundary will be shown 
 on my map of tho Sherbrooko District. 
 
 The facts observed early last summer at Sherbrooko estab- 
 lished the existence there of a sedimentary deposit below tho 
 quartzite series, highly metamorphosed, of great thickness, 
 and embracing beds of numerous rock varieties, but they 
 revealed little respecting its structure. These facts were, 
 however, in strict accordance with the views I expressed in 
 a paper read before the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural 
 Science early in 1869, and which is now about being pub- 
 lished in tho transactions of the Institute for that year. Ref- 
 ferenco was there made to the gneissoid rocks near Mount 
 Uniacko and near Halifax. 
 
 In order to connect and elucidate the facts observed on 
 similar rocks at points so far apart, I made a section across 
 twenty miles of strata, on and near St. Mary's River, from 
 north to south ; a section on and near the line of the Halifax 
 and Windsor Railway, from Stillwater to Mount Uniacke, and 
 coupled these with observations on the Ponhook Lake range, 
 and the high range of hills which approach within three miles 
 of Windsor. 
 
 Without entering into details, which are necessarily ro' 
 served for my report, I will enumerate the general results of 
 these examinations. 
 
 A spur of the gneissoid series crosses the Halifax and 
 Windsor Railway close to the forty-seventh telegraph post, 
 south-east of the Stillwater Station. The track follows the 
 junction for a short distance, after which the gneissoid series 
 trends to the oast, and the junction with a quartzite series is 
 again crossed near the one hundred and twenty-ninth tele- 
 graph post, southeast of Stillwater, and about thirteen hun- 
 dred yaj*ds northwest of Mount Uniacko Station. Prom near 
 Stillwater the gneiss trends towards the St Croix River, 
 
10 
 
 wlncli it crosses a sliort distance below tlio mills at the outlet 
 of tlio lower Poiihook Lake, and tboiico continues to the range 
 of hills south and southwest of Windsor; the gneiss con- 
 glomerates being found in position on Cutler's mountain. 
 From Mount Uniacke Station its course towards the vVtlantic 
 is for some miles about south twent}- degrees east, and sweep- 
 ing round Hammond Plains it appears to connect Avitli the 
 great exposures west of Halifax to the Athmtic at Sambro 
 Cape. Near Halifax it has been brought to the surface by a 
 fiiult, and contact with a schistose series, which may foi'm a 
 part of the gold-bearing rocks, (Lower Silurian) is visible 
 on the west shore of the North West Arm. 
 
 The general strike of this series, wliero it can be best 
 studied near the Halifax and VVindsor lino of railway, is north 
 thirty to forty degrees jast. The general strike of the over- 
 lying quartzite series is north eighty degrees east. 
 
 The following beds have been recognized, but I do not 
 vouch for the correctness of the order given below, as there 
 may be repetitions. Neither do I suppose that these beds 
 aiford any adequate representation of tlie magnitude and 
 extent of this series, for it will be seen that in consequence 
 of the strike l}'ing nearly on the course of its northwestern 
 boundary, a section must be made in a southwesterly direction 
 in order to cross all the exposed beds, and the details of the 
 enumeration given below were derived chiefly from the tongue 
 which is crossed by tiie Halifax and Windsor railway between 
 Stillwater and Mount Uniacke. 
 
 PROVISIONAL GROUPING OF THE BEDS -COMMENCING 
 WITH TIIE LOWEST OBSERVED. 
 
 1. Coarse grey gneiss — gneiss conglomerate. 
 
 2. Beds of dark grey micaceous schist, very compact and 
 
 tough. 
 
 3. Gneiss conglomerate, coarse grained, holding pebbles of 
 
 gritty quartzitci, water worn quartz pebbles, and 
 slabs of micaceous schist a foot long and live inches 
 in diameter. 
 
 4. Beds of fine grained gneiss, schist conglomerate, and true 
 
 quartzite, witli thin beds of gneiss. 
 
 5. Gneiss, with masses of schist and water worn boulders of 
 
 a conglomerate. 
 
 6. Highly porphyritic gneiss, the chrystals of white felspar are 
 
 about an inch long, and thickly distributed through 
 the mass, forming a beautiful rock. 
 
11 
 
 7. Coari^c garnotilcrous gneiss, 
 
 8. Coarse porpliyritic gneiss — granitoid gneiss, liolding ])eb- 
 
 bles and masses of micaceops schist. 
 
 9. Coarse white gneiss, with patclies of red felspar gneiss, 
 
 passing into beds of red felspar gneiss, 
 
 TROBABLE DEYELOrMENT OF THIS SERIES IN CAPE BRETON". 
 
 The area occupied by the gneissoid series in Nova Scotia 
 proper is very considerable!, but I have also reason for sup- 
 posing that it embraces a large portion of the northern [)art 
 of Cape Ureton. in 18G0 J explored the Gnlf coast of that 
 Island, and a mile and a half beyond Red Head, or about fivo 
 miles nortli of Cheticam]) Island, I observed green and red- 
 weathering ferruginous slates, with finely corrugated blaMc 
 slates. These I considered at the time to be of the age of the 
 Quebec Group, and marked thorn on my field map as " resem- 
 bling the Quebec Group." At iVIaclvenzie's River, three- 
 quarters of a mile from Grand xVnce, near Red Cape, and some 
 eighteen miles north of Clu.'ticai 'p, I found a great gneissoid 
 soi'ies, as showi: on the accompanying ])lan, consisting of red, 
 grey, baiuled and micaceous gneiss, with quartzites and mica 
 schist. It is not inqirobable that these rocks will turn out to 
 be of the same age as the gneissoid series of Nova Scotia 
 proper. 
 
 If this suppositi(m bo established, a great belt of rocks of 
 the age of the Laurentian series, '.\ill be found to be exposed 
 at intervals from Newfoundland, in latitude 51°, to Shelburne 
 in Nova Scotia, in latitude 41^. The parallelisia of this great 
 nxis, seven hundred miles in length, with that in New Bruns- 
 wick, two hundred, and fifty miles long, referred to in the 
 introductory remarks, exhibits a remarkable symmetry in the 
 structural arrangement of the rocks in the eastern Provinces 
 of British America. They are referred to at some length in 
 my report on New Brunswick, (18G5,) page 47 to 49. 
 
 ROCKS niOr.ARLYOI.DER TflAN THE KNOWN GOLD-BEARING 
 STRATA, ABOVE Till-: LAURENTIAN. 
 
 In the neigborhood of j\[()unt Uniacke, at the foot of Coch- 
 ran's Hill, eleven miles from Sherbrooke, and near Halifax, I 
 have observed schists, grits, and quartz;ites, udiich present an 
 aspect dill'erent from the overlying g'old-beai'ing series. As 
 yet the observations which appear to show unconformability 
 with these are incomplete, but certainly tend to produce the 
 
12 
 
 impression that an unconformability exiatsi. Tliey rest on t?j» 
 gncissoid roeks mico-nforraably, and although moro highly 
 metamorphosed than the gold-boaring series, yet they hold not 
 only masses, pebbles, but huge ^oat&t" warn boulders of tlie 
 underlying gneiss. These beds are several hundred feet 
 thick, and near the gneiss crystals of andahisite are commonly 
 found in the schists. The occurrence of boulders of gneiss in 
 these strata sho\T that the gneissoid series was metamorphosefi 
 before their deposition, and hence, inferentially, before the 
 Silurian per'od. Granitic dykes are not uncommon in the 
 gneissoid and overlying series. They occur at Cochran'* 
 Hill, in the Shorbrooke District, entting the gold-bearing strata,, 
 or in the plaives of bedding. Besides dykes, granitic and 
 felspatic veins penecrate lH)t!i series, but I have not, in rocks, 
 of this age, yet observed any intrusive masses of granito in. 
 the area described. 
 
 AURIFEROUS ZONE IN THE LAURENTIAN. 
 
 It is worthy of note that in Ontario and Quebec there is a 
 zone of auriferous rock in the Laurentian series, the distribu-^ 
 tion of which has not yet been made public by tlie Geological 
 Commission of Canada. When we bear m mind that the rocks 
 overlying the supposed Laurentian in Nova Scotia, are sedi- 
 ments which have derived the greater portion of their mate- 
 rifls from the series on which they rest, it may yet become a 
 legitimate subject of enquiry to endeavor to ascertain the 
 relation which the gold-bearing beds of quartz, distributed 
 through a vertical thickness exceeding six thousand feet of 
 strata, may bear to an auriferous zone, wliicli we may with 
 reason suppose to exist also in the Nova Scotia Laurentian. 
 
 THE GNEISSOID SERIES— A GUIDE TO THE SEARCH FOR 
 WORKABLE DEPOSITS OF GOLD. 
 
 A glance at the plan showing approximately the outcrop 
 of the gneissoid series, suggests a geographical relation be- 
 tween the worked gold deposits and the lower rocks on which 
 they rest. In the plan of the Sherbrooke Exposure, tho 
 gneissoid series forms a great nucleus round which tho itv- 
 eral mining districts of Wine Harbor, Isaac's Harbor, LTpper 
 Isaacs Harbor, Country Harbor, Cochrane's Hill, and Sher- 
 brooke are symmetrically arranged. 
 
13 
 
 Prom the limited observations I have already made, it 
 «eoms I robable that wherever in Nova Scotia a gneissoid ex- 
 |)osi.ire ia found surrounded by Lower Silurian rock, near it, 
 <\tid in different degrees, thena will be found workable gold 
 •deposits, so that a knowledge of the outcrop of these sup- 
 posed Laurentian rocks, will ultimately form a valuable guide 
 in prospecting a very large portion of Nova Scotia which still 
 remains altogether unexplored and unknown as to its raineral 
 Nvealtlu 
 
 THEORY AND PRACTICE AT WAVERLEY. 
 
 Windsor, Jan. llth, 1870. 
 Hon. U, Robertson, M. E. C, 
 
 Commissioner qf Public WorJcs and Mines. 
 
 ' I beg to enclose a plan of tbe works at Waverley Gold 
 District, on the Tudor and North leads, during the year 1869. 
 You will remember that when I commenced my geological 
 survey of the Waverley District, in the autumn of 1868 the 
 works on the Tudor and North leads had been abandoned in 
 the western part of the district, the Tudor 1 ^ad having "dis- 
 appeared " close to the boundary line of areas 201 and 20^, 
 -.ibout eighty feet from the northern limits of those areas. 
 
 In the large plan now in your office, of which a reduced 
 iithographic copv accompanied my report on that district, 1 
 have indicated by dotted lines the probable outcrop for some 
 thousand feet of the Tudor lead, the North lead, and a large 
 number of other leads symmetrically arranged. 
 
 The indicated outcrop of these leads was based upon : 
 
 1st. The manner in which the leads originated. 1 described 
 
 them as auriferous beds of quartz of contemporaneous age 
 
 with the enclosing rock. ^ , . , t t i 
 
 2nd. The geological structure of the district, which I showed 
 
 to consist of an east and west anticlinal tilted over to the 
 
 north, and again, bv subsequent movements, tdted to tlie 
 
 west ; (the north and south anticlinal). During th6 latter 
 
 movements I stated that the strata had been dislocated, 
 
 squec'/cd, and subsequently denuded. The position and 
 
 approximate extent in feet of the main dislocations are 
 
 represented in detail and in feet, on the plans ro erred to. 
 
 Tlie theoretical outcrop assigned to the leads at Wayerle}', 
 
 was th.^ result of the study and delineation of this complicated 
 
 «tructun)l arrangement. 'l now beg to call your attention to 
 
 the degree to which theoretical deductions have been borno 
 
14 
 
 out by practical workings and discoveries during tlie past 
 yeai'. 
 
 The enclosed plan lias been kindly funn'slicd by Mr. B. C. 
 Wilsoi!, machinist ai)d nn'ning engineer, who lius been exten- 
 sively occupied at Waverley (hiring the past season. 
 
 (Operations for the searcli of the " South Tudor'' commenced 
 late in the fall of 1868, near the road marked on the phin, 770 
 feet from the point where the k^ad was lost. At the date of 
 Mr. Wilson's letter it had been traced backwards to area 201, 
 through a distance of eleven hundred feet. 
 
 Tlie mean di'ference between the ascertained outcrop of the 
 lead and the theoretical outcrop, given on the plan in your 
 office, is 25 feet 9 inciies over a distance of 1100 feet. When 
 botli theoretical and actual outcrops are reduced to the same 
 level, the mean difference is considerably less. 
 
 The mean difference between the tlieoretical and actual 
 outcrops of the North lead, over a space of nine hundred feet, 
 is 25 feet 7 inches. 
 
 The rocks throughout tliese distances of 1100 and 900 feet, 
 are deeply covered with boulder drift, and of uneven surface, 
 so that [ may reasonably claim a much closer approximation 
 between theory and fact, than a mean difference in outcrop 
 of 25 feet 8 inches over a space of two thousand feet. 
 
 The accompanying plan is a copy of a portion of the plan in 
 your office. The black dotted lines represent the probable 
 outcrop I assigned to the leads in October, 1868. The red 
 lines show, according to Mr. Wilson's survey, the actual out- 
 crop discovered up to January, 1870. Enclosed is a copy of 
 Mr. Wilson's letter. 
 
 I have the honor to be, 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 HENRY Y. HIND. 
 
 Waverley Gold Field?, 
 
 8th January, 1870. 
 Henry Y. Hind, Esq., 
 
 Dear Sir, — 
 
 In reply to your favor of 27th December, I beg to say 
 that T have examined the formation as developed in Mr. 
 Burkner's workings on the south dip, and around the curve 
 of what is unquestionably the Tudor lode, and accompanying 
 please find a plan which will illustrate the course with the 
 openings thereon. 
 
15 
 
 The developments so far determine— 
 
 Ist. Tlrat the lodes have been traced around the curve of 
 the' anticlinal axis, provinf, indispniably the continuation of 
 the Tudor and otlier veins,' +rom their t^-st and west course 
 with a northern dip, aroiw.d in the form uf a parabolic curve 
 to a corresponding- (east and west) course with a southern dip. 
 
 2nd. That the sweep of the curvo i? much sharper on the 
 northern than on the southern side of the axis. 
 
 3rd. That the thickness of tlio veins and character of the 
 ore in tlio northern and southern dips are comparatively 
 
 identical. , -, ,. ^ ^ c 
 
 4th. Tiiat on tlie south side the lode dips at an angle ot 
 about 45 degrees, and near tlie axis at, about 40 degrees. 
 
 5th. That the gold streak is from east to west on the south 
 side of the axis, following round the curve till it is from west 
 to east on the northern side. 
 
 Gth. That on the south side of the anticlinal the Tudor lode 
 grows perceptibly richer and thinner as it goe« east, but 
 increases in richness in depth. ., • oor ^ 
 
 7th. That the North lode on the southern side is 82 teet 
 from the Tudor, and at 150 feet further comes the South lode, , 
 
 so called. l t\i\ r *. 
 
 8th. That there is a fault or displacement about 90 teet 
 north of the axis, the movement apparently having been from 
 east to west, the Tudor lode being completely cnt_ asunder, 
 and the two ends shovel past each other about thirty teet ; 
 the texture of the intervening rock being completely de- 
 stroyed. , , • 3 r i.1, 
 
 9th. That the " South" lode (on the eastern side ot the 
 axis) 18 inches {hick, has two partings in it, forming three 
 distinct veins in one; that the character of the ore is identical 
 with the three lodes (in one belt) lying some 90 feet north ot 
 the North lode, on the northern dip; the only difference being 
 that there the veins are separated by some two teet ot slates, 
 which on the southern side is represented by a mere seam 
 
 only. , ,. X J. 
 
 I am, your obedient servant, 
 
 B. C. WILSON.