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IM/IG E Inc =^ '653 East Mam Street FI£ Rochester, Ne« York 14609 USA .= (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone = (7)6^ 288 •■ 5989 - Fax 1 ■ ■"<,■■ • "--"■^-■'fW^g!? # * m i /' 1 .# ' • ji ^1)C H'.iriftmc School '?^cries I •■■- * TlIK SIXTH MAlUTIMi: HEAI/.^H. ILLU ST RATED Specially Piu:rAUEi) fob isr in thk Piblic Schoolh or NUVA SCUTIA, AND AlTHOHISKK HY THK COLNCIl, OP Pi IILIC iN.STKtCTION. \VM COLLINS, SONS, »fe CO., J.imiteu GLASGOW, LONDON, AND EDINBllUiU. ■% Pa r R E F A C E. Thf Sixth Mat!TTIMt: ItEADKR has been cotiBtmotpfl on the same guiuTal plan as tlio Fifth. The rx'a.soiiH liav«! httMi arran«e T)«ipil'H nomjKwilion Kxi/ssi>tin ; Mes.sr.s. Nishet A'. Co., for an extract from the works of the late Dr. James Hamilton; Mr. Heywoo6 (>0 (15 ,/,V f,Vr;M XL. — (Juinpouitiou KxurtiHus, TAnu s,H !M {):\ «.)8 KM 105 SECTION III. XI,T.— Sociality of Hruti'H, lOrt XI.II.— The litavtr's Danj, JOS XMII. — 77/r Ciir/coo lil XI, IV'. — l!iM KIO LX. — Composition Exercises, . . . . llJ."J SECTION IV." LXI.— Encounter between an Ea^de and a Salmon, T(> 171 174 17S ISl IS.*) 180 1S!> 11)4 l'.>7 *200 CONTKNT8. \ll TAnu !)I 08 103 1U5 Ids lil 113 III! i::o l-'5 i:n i:t3 i;;h i:i9 142 146 1. 1.1 1 1;)3 ir)6 1(10 103 Ifii 171 174 17S ISl 183 186 i,s:> 104 1U7 t-'OO 2u3 LXXIV. — n^ D,u,oflhe Fmrml, LWV The AiikIlt. l,.'.\vi.--Tho Wavof tho Wiii.I. I,\.\V|[. '/'oa Wahrfuwl, LXXVIlI.-Instmot, . LX XX.— Compos jtiou Exercises, SKC'TION V. LXXXT. Tracking the Klophant, LXXXII. - The I'ilnriiiia an. I th.-ir l*itcher>4, LXXXIII. — //rtM//»Y'/< .Sotilfi'/in/ on Ihnth, LXXXIV.— Till' Dream of ki'ijciii' Aram, LXXXV.-TlicSt. (:f..rK'e, . l.XXXVl.- Retter than Diamniida, T.XXXV'Il. The Framework of tho Human Body, "LXS-WllL—Sunii/iine and S/ioicer, . LXXXIX. — Love, the A'ftd, . XC. — A liion Hunt, X('I. — Uhcs of the < >ft'an, X(,'IF.—Kttect8 of Machinery, . XCI II . — lUirial of Moxes, X CI V^ — The Sti nhea m, . X<'V*.— The Atmosphere, XCVI. — Behind Time, XiJVn.—(fver the Hiver, . KC VII I.— The Skater and tho Wolves, XCIX. — Poetic (Jems, . . . C— Compoaition Exercises, • SECriUN VI. Sf.lect Pieces for Recitation. CI.— The Village Blacksmith, . CI I. — The Quarrt'l of Bridxia and Casui cm. — The Divert in;! Hixtory of John Gt ClV. — Trial Scene from the Me,, haul of CV. — A Dirge for the Benutif id, . CVI. — ViKion of Belnluizzar, . CVll.—Oenevieve C VIII. — 77*6 Pilgrim Fathers, . CIX. — The Irish Emigrant, . ex. — The Electric Telegraph, CXI. — Nature's Teaching, CXII. —Selections from the Lady of the Lake, . CXIII. — Elegy written in a Country Churchyard, us, Ijiln, Venice, FAUB "I'J 216 ♦.»I7 223 •J.'T •-'30 'i;vi 237 •.'40 24* 247 24!) 2.')0 2M 'l'A\ 261) 263 2«i4 265 268 270 274 276 277 278 282 289 298 299 300 303 304 ;^05 306 307 337 VUl CONTENTS, CXIV. CXV. CXVI. CXVIII. ex IX. cxx. CXXI. ex XII. ex XI II. ex XIV. ex XV.. exxvi.. exxvii.- cxxviii.. ex XIX. - ex XX. exxxi.- exxxii. ex .\ XIII. exxxiv. - The Battle of the League, . -The Iklls, . . . -('/ the Downfall of Poland,' -The Fate of Virginia, . -The Ocean SECTION VII. Sf.i.kctions of Oratokial Pieces. -Parliamentary Oratory -Lord ehathain on the American War. -Extract from eurrau's Speech on Catholic Emancipation, . . , . -British Rule in America, . -Sheil's Reply to Lord Lyndhurst, -Lonl Brougham on Negro Slavery, . -Rurke's I'anigyric on Marie Antoinette, -On the Threatened Invasion (1803), , -Sheridan's Invective against Warren Hast inus, . -The Miseries of War, -Napoleon annin.s- wick hi.story, on account of the Miramichi fire ; so will 1877 always be associated with the St. John Fire, which ■carrietl «listress to thousands of families. I II m Kif T- rggwiii ' 10 THi; (iUKAT F!UK IX ST. JOHN'. On tli<; afternoon of L'Otli June, just as the children were retiiinini^ liouio frf)n> school, the ahiiin hells run<^ out the in(.elli<,'ence that a rinj hail broken out among the houses near Yoi'k Point, a crowdetl i)art of the city. The lire-engines, as usiuil, lost not a moment in reaching the tlistrict ; hut though they kept a peifect tori'ent of water on the tlanies, it soon lieeame evident that the Hre coidd not be confined to the huildin^ in whiL-b it had ori'dn- ated. At this moment, a strong wind was Mowing towards the south-east, tlu; direction in which the business jtart of the city lay. Gradually the lir<; gained gi'ound, notwith- standing ever\ :bi-t. The high wind fanned tlie flames, which now tore ahnig towards Market Sijuare, and carried with it, along the principal sti-eets, heavy clouds of smoke, and the red-hot cinders of shingles and other material. The alarm now became general among the citizens. The merchants, finding that their fine buildings nnist succumb to the destroyer, saved what they coidd, and then fled for safety to the higher parts of tiie city. The poor ])eople thronged the streets. Men saw the property they had amassed after ma.nv years' toil reduced to ashes, while others mournfully thought of an honi)urable occupation gone. The very wharfs began to burn, until at last the firemen were driven to King's Street, for the whole of Market Sipiare was surrounded with walls of living flame. But while this awful scene was being witnessed in one part of the city, a faggot, borne along by the wind, had set fire to a building in Lower Cove, a district to the south. The neighbouring houses, being built mostly of wood were soon envelopcul in flames. Here again the poor })eople were driven into the streets homeless, and scarcely knowing which way to turn for safety. A n\nn- ber carried all they could save to the grass plots on Queen's Square, and there, hovering round the little mound of tlieii' earthlv possessions, they watched Cor some time the progress of the miirhty conflauration. Tvieantime the fire had sj)rr-nd along Prince William Street and King Street, sweeping everything before it. Long lines of brick and stone buildings crumbled to sand \ THK GKEAT FIliH IN ST. JOHN. 11 iig the . The wator cmiKi before the terrible lieat. The proudest and strcMigest edifices seemed to melt like wax. TiuTe was no resisting the (lostroying blast. On it s\vej)t fiom one building to another, from t"'e niagniticent Post Otlice to the Dank of New Brun^ V • , from tlie stately liitchie's JJuiiding to the (^'ity BuiJf iig, and thence along the street from hotel to store, until at last there wa.s no hope even for the Custom Hou.se, the finest structure in the citv. The whole of the western side of the city proper was now nothing but a mass of smoke, flanu^ and red-hot ashes ; for a cinder had fallen on the loof of the old Grammar School, and the fire had extended to that palace of hotels, the Victoria. The flames now began to eat their way from house to house, along the streets running from west to ea.st. Some thought, however, that the tire would not cross Sydney Street, the dividing line of the peninsida. But the water began to fail, and the engines were kept too far apart to act as a check. Still there was hope, for the wind wa» veering more tcwanis the south. "The fire will surely stop at the Victoria School," said many; "and then the other part of the city will be .saved." But just then a miscreant set fire to some inflammable material near the Court Hou.se, which soon raised another storm of smoke and flame to encircle the fated School. There was now no hoj)e for the eastern district of the city. The scene around the Victoria School baffles description. Tliinking that there was little danger to such a strongly built structure, linndreds of people liad stored their valuables in the rooms of the basement. Around the building large crowds collected, watching this as a sort of forlorn liope. Some one sent for an engine, but no engine could be spared. The {)eople were now wild with despair. There was their property, lying in tiie track of a de.struc- tion which they were powerless to check. Can nothing be done to save it? There is Hre on two side.s of the building, and yet it stands. All the buildings on Sydney SlteeL aie btu'iied to the ground, and yet not a pane uf gla.ss is l)roken in the Victoria. But there is no hope. The tongues of lire behind are shooting out towards it. 12 THE (JKK.VT FIKK IN ST. JOHN. ^eedy to devour it and the poor people's proiKirty. Hither and thither the people ran bemoaning their fate, «onio Willi hundies on their shoulders, others bar^^iinin^r with hardhearted cartmen, some helping their friends, many wringing their hands in despair and crying like <'hildren. It was an awful scene. A tin pt Pi I. QUESTIONS. 1. What event do vou .issniM.itc with tlio .vtar \W>!i t '1. What fires occurriMl in Now Uruns- wiok in 1.S77? •': Which fire was the mi>nt liiwi- tronn? 4. Wliat was the daU; of the St. John I- ire? 6. How did it first Iji^Hn ? ti. Where is Vorii Point.' 7. What lausfd the tire to .spread ni|)i(lly? S. l>es. Where ilid tlie seeond tire HtartV 10. How diil it spread? 11. Name some of tlie hui!dinj,'s whieh were dest'oyetl. 1-'. l)oslong the 14 Tllli CLIMATK OF THK MAIUUMb: I'UOVINCES. shores, and y the increased heat of the air, tliey are (juickly disjiciscd. The shortness of sunnner is ahiinchantly compensated hy the almost miraculous rapidity of vem'tiition, and the KJiort period necessary for ripening the productions of the country. <^nly ninety days art; re(piired to grow and ripen wheat, rye, l)arley, ami oats. Jt has been said that the ])rovinces have only two seasons, the hot and the cold, and that the country has little of spring or autumn. To such a.** entertain that opinion, the verdure of ^laj, witli its early fragrant flowers, hius no charms. Even before the grounil is altogether cleared of deep drifts along tiie lanes and fences, vegetation begins to spring and the ti'ccs put forlh their leaves. JSefore June an-ives, Nature, in myriatis of forms, begins to display her beauties. The overflown streams l^egin to retreat within their summer bounds, and the whole country is enlivened by th(! music of the songsteis of the forest. Tlie l)eauty of the autumn in North America is unrivalle(l in any othei- jiart of the world. After a few sharp night frosts, as the season advances, the boundless verdure of tlu; forest, and of the coj)pic(^ wood on the borders of the streams, is transformed into eveiy tint of colour. Tlie leaves of the maple are stained .scarlet ; the fluttering poplar is of a sombie bi-own ; and other trees display rich (hesses of red, violet, and yellow, glittering in endless variety. The firs and other evergreens, alsvays jiivpared for wintei-, alone r(>si.st the change by which tlie mountain forests appear to be decorated in holiday attire, hefoie tlio peiiod ariives when their trunks and limbs are to he loaded with ice, and their gay leaves scattered by the piercing wind-'. — Gesner. t,)UKs'rioNs. 1. C'iini>;ini thu cliinuto ui tliu | ;">. Hmv loDcr does siiminer last in Miiritiine erovintcs wuli tliiit of I tlio Muritiino I'roviiii'i-s ' oIIkt lomitrifs. ' li. Oescribe the vi't'eiatioii in May i " Kdiiiburtrb is iiiii" di'irrocs f;ir- ami .liinc. tht?r !■! Ilk; si!.Tl!i th:'.!! t^!U;!!!;f." What 7. Which js tho mast plcawiit "f .-ill do Jem iiK'uii by that? : the seiisons? 3. Why are tiic ninth and iKirthwost ; o. What adds to the beaTity of the winds iti (nir fouiitry j,'tiurally ciMil? , forest after the fir.t appearance o( 4. Why is the south wind ff-'i'^irally ' frost? PROGRESS IN NOVA SCOTIA. 15 III.— PROGRESS IN XOVA SCOTIA. Alle'giance, loyalty. lUu sion, falso idea. Veneration, rcsi)ect. Resouic es, nicuns of living. Oi''deal, trial. Uncontradict'ed, umliulUugcd. Bev'enue.iiiiiouTitniiscd by taxation. AccumulAted, collcrteil. Administration, mle, govfininent. Computation, calculation. Dissipated, cau.std to di.sai'pear. Mis erable, wretched. The honouralile gentleman toltl \xn that om* allegiance to the mother land was weakened ; that oin- veneration for exi.sting institutions had departed. Sii-, I am sorry that a man occupying iiis jjosition, with his acknowledged talents, his means of usefulness, and power for mischief, has not taken that stand in this debate which he ought to have taken. I do not believe that the loyal feelings of this peoi)le are weakened, or that the respect for the hov('- reign has decreased ; but I admit that the people of this country have passed through an ordeal which has tried tlieii- feelings, though it has not sai)ped their loyidty. He attenij)ted to make us i)elieve that the revenue had, during his administration, greatly increa.sed by some management of his own, and from that drew the conclu- sion that we were chargeable with a falling oil'. ! thought his friend had dissipated that illusion for him la.st year. The story of the destruction of our industrial resources lias been allowed to go uncontradicted long enough, and much political ca])ital has been made out of it by the honourable gentleman and his fiiends. I take this ground boldly, that the man who says that Nova Scotia contrasts unfavourably with surrounding states. ailirms that which is a lil)el on o\u- country. Many of the neighl)onring states were settled, and had large nourish- ing populations befoi-e Nova Scotia was peopled by any except the Acadian settlei-s on the marshes of the west. Halifax was foiuuled in 1749 There were then no inhabitants in the province except the Indians in 'he forests anroken foliage down to the water's edge! At that time not an Knglishmau, Scotchman, or Irishman owned 16 PUOGRKSS IN NOVA SCOTIA. a li<)U8(! upon onr soil. There was not a road, a l)ri(l<,'e, or a clmrcli in tlie coiintrv, hardly an acre of cnltivuted' upland, nor any <>f those pultlic improvements which are now spread everywheie iM-neath the eye. What have our fathers done? Have they left us the miserable, degraded cop.ntry he descril)ed to us last night? No, Sir. They have left us a land teeming with r<'sources, on and around the shctres of which, witliin a century, fifteen millions' worth of projierty has been accunndated. I tjike the computation of my honourable friend the Financial Secretary, who made the statement here la.st year, that man f(n' man, every inhabitant of this province owned fifty pounds' worth of j)roperty— a trifle higher than the auKtunt owned by the population of the state of New York. This is my answer to the cry uf ruin, which the learned member is for ever laising. Steadily, year by year, has this province increa.sed in wealth and population, and as steadily has its domestic industry expanded, down to the i)resent hour. — Joseph Howe. "Honourable gentleman " In this manner incmbera of parliament address tiieir associates. The lesson is ww extract from the Hon. Joseph Howe's celuhnited speech on the Constitution. The Founding of Hu:ilax is an important event in the history of Nova Scotia. Previous to this Annajwlis was the cai)ital, but the inHuenco of the Kiiylish governors, who had their bead-quarters at Annapidis was not very great iunong the population of the colony, nor among the Acadians who were established in the more fertile districts. QUESTIONS. 1. What is meant by the allc^'lance of a nooplo? '2.. Howdia Mr Howe show tliat the CDuiitry Imil iiiaro;rrcss ' '.\. Willi wivs the tir-it (ioviTiior of Nova Scotia stationed at Halifax If 4. WTicn was ILalifax founded ? ft. How nmeh pniperty had the Nova .Scctiaiis accuniulated at the time spoken of by Mr Hottc? tf >Vliat pro|)ortioii wus this to e.»ch inhabitant ? # MUSIC TriE very essence, and, as it were, springhead and ori?in ot all music, is the very pleiiaant sound which the trees of the forest Uo make when they grow.— OW Anglish Tale. BOADICEA, 17 IV. -BOADICEA. f William Cnwrr.n wns tho son nf a clcrKymmi of % (fooKirn *t BerkluiiiHti'iul, llirtt'ur l->liirc>, in 1731. ami illcil in 18(K). Tlinumh tliv iiiHucnce of tiJH family, Uc was apiKiiiited to the valiiiililu ami hitiMuirubla itituutiuii itt Clerk to the House of Lonl.s ; but his nervoiisncsM and tiniltlity were such, that he was ol)li|,'erl< is "The Ta.sk. His poetry niurkH tho hcHmnin.,' of a noweri m Kiitflish hterature. It served to call nn'ii's minils from the purely artifliial style whii'h prev. tiled fur many yo.irx previous to his time, and did much to htimulato a natural and healthy tone.] Indig nant, ofFomled. Sage, wise. Resentment, angor. Abho'rred, iiatud. Pio'geny, offspring, descemlants. Invincible, that cunuot bo cuu- iiuprt'd. rreg'uant, full of. <*i I M.K.VI. WiiK>f the British warrior queen, BleetliiiEf from the Koiiiau rods, SoiijLjht, with Jill indignant niifii, Coun.sel of her country's gods, Sage beneath the spreading oak, Sat the Druid, hoary chief ; Every burning word he spokt; Full of rage and full of grief. Prinoe.ss ! if our aged eyea Weep upou thy matchless wrongs ; Tis because resentment ties All the terrors of our tongiu's. "Ernie shall peri.sh -write tliat word ii. tai! blood that she h.'is spilt; Peri.sh, lioptdess and abhorred, Deep lu ruin a,s in guilt. " Rome, for empire far renowned. Tramples on a thousand statt^.s^ Soon her pride shall kiss the ground — Hai-k ! the Gaul is at her gates. ** Other Roniatis shall ari^e Heedless of a soldiers name; Sounds, not arum, shall win the prize, Harmony the path to fume. B 18 nOADlCEA. "Tli"ii the |»ini,'<'iiy that springs Finm ihi! fdifHts of (lur !;iinl, Arm (I with lhiiii(hT. clinl with wings, Sh.'ill a witlor worhi coiuiiiiiiul. i " Ilegions r'ii'ftar tipvfr knew, Thy |M>stt'rity Hhall sway; When? his t'.'ijrloa nevor flew, Nt»nt; invincible as thty.'' Snrh the hanl's prophetic words, l'n','nant with cflcs'ial list', licn'ling, as he .swi-pt the chonis Of his 8Wei;t, but awful lyre. Slio, with all a monarch's ])ri(le, Felt thfui in her bdsoni j^low; Ttiish'ii to bailie, fi.n;_'ht anruirf. f^ TiOADICEA. 10 44 Thf terrors of our tongues TJip Dniidi were ht-Iieved to have ;>ower to Wiii.u ilowii licuv. n H cMirm- itiioii miy itiflivi.liuil or nation tluit Tiiiglit at her gates— Tlie fJnul U )irrc fnkcn teror« of Itonie. ht ginning "Winija," |i(i«ti* 'J lie iiarticular t'ngnr hero lefcrred to wan tin; with Augustus, infamous Nero. Eaijles The eagle was the Honinn stunilard. Bard - The iiriest-i of ancient times generally delivered the niessag-i of the gods in the form of verse. These ifirt/n formed a distinct cliu-» airiong the Druils. Compare what indi/iiity had she >)ecn Snliji'ifeil liy thi- liniiLins '.' .'t. What is meant bv "Tlie Kouian r.ivls ' ! A. Who were the Dniiils '' .'). Why is the Druiil represented an wut'il liciuath at) nak? ti. Wliat e.vplanutioii ih^es he give of Jiis weeimi);? 7. Wli.-vt is meant hy " the terrors of our toiipies"? 8. .M,-iiti..ii sumo of the states on wh .'h Itnuie trampled. !». Wh.t is referred to in the cxprcs- muii, ■• 'J'lie Uaul i^ at lar gates "Y 10. WhM were the " (ither numaiu" who were to arise? 11. Wherein were they to differ Irmn the old lioiiians? 1'-'. What IS me.iiit when it is said, tliat • Hi-adiiiM'd progeny should lie "(innrtl tcith ihiuider, cUid with iriii m" .' i:i. What is meant hy Cicsar? H. Whi> i.s the paiiirtiinr C'iv«ar re- ferred ti) l.";. Who were tliu " Bards "' It). What is the reference wlifn it is Slid, that the bard " swept the ehordu' id Ills l\re? 17. (five illustrations of this wlc frori Scripture. THE ABUSK UK I'UWKU. Oil ! it is excellent To have :i tfiant's streimth ; b'.it tvra!>i!OU» To use it like a giaut. i An'in ■ 't, fjip lit, .rii,' Peti ,,Jr9ul>l<'. ra^^. ,'H iitrmnteil. Adlit ^i. f . ' I -nij;. 20 Till IMAII. KI-II IN SKWI(»I M>I.\M». V TIIK DIVll, FISH IN NKAVK()l'M)I,ANI>. I Am pulated, (IUiiiiihIhi "1. I Enlwin'td, tii< inli-.l. Undulaliiig, waving. GlntinouR, uti* ky. 1 Mm dibit's, jimw. »,«Ji!.'ii.uit, cMi Ci >f' ty. cumiiir,'. EnounoUH, ww ;,'rcat ] h Mlaffd, mmlc iiUKvy. Locoino lion, pow.i of rv.vui!? fnnii \ Iiiappi <» pi lately, incorni tly. J^co to |)lm.'t'. ' On tlir 'JOth ( )(•(»)!.. . l.S7.">, two i'i.'.Ihi iimii were <»iiL in a nim]\ pniif, utr the niistrm «'ii»l "f |!i-llc islr, in (.' •cption Htt¥, M\i!s(T\iny soiiiPtliin;^ 11^ uig on tlm HHifiu'«! of tlf water wJjicli they took to bo si sail oi portion oi a wnck. th«'V rowitl closj' to it; wlicii om- of tlicm struck it with liis" lioat hook. Instantly the mass, l.y piittin;: its.If in motion, sho\v. amoiif,' thr foMs. and sli ut-k tho hoat \inlrntly, and a pair of (hirk prominent eyes ylarcil at them ferociously. :is if with sonic savayo and nialiirnaiit purpose. The men, as inav be imanined, were peti-ilied with terror, and, for a moineiit, so fascinated l.y the liorril.h- si<.dit that they W(!rc jiowerh'ss, iJetore they could make any etl'ort to esdftpe, there smhh'uly slu.t out from around its head two arms of c<.r|>se-like Ih-sLine.s.s, j,Mapl>linir foi' the l.oat and seeking to <'nveh>p it in their livid folds. Had thtse lithe, slimy arms, witii their death like adhesive powers, once fastene <'f the men seized a small tomahawk, which was fortunately at hand, and severed the two arms which lay o\er tin; <;iuiwale of the lioat. The nioh.ster utteied no cry <'f pain, Imt immediately moved ofl" fron» the Innit. and ejected an enormous quantity of inky fluid which dark* ii< 1 the water for two or tlnce hundred yards. The men «leol.uo that had this inky stream which they coi;hl ; ee .spoutinf; forcibly from the " funnel," reached them in t};e Iwat, it would ha\c slitled liicni. » J ilH ll»K KKVII, HSII IN NK\VKotM>I,\N|). 21 Thd'' Htw ill • lisli for a sliurt liiiu' iif'U'rwurds, anil liiul a full vit'W of ii. Its 'mmIv tin v ilfsciilM- u.j sixty f»;<.'L in lt'n„'tli, uinl till- liiil, lit the tluckpHt part, tim fi ' i lu-iiifui. Its Hiiiipo iittit iiiiMJi! of loc' notion wi^ro tlic as tin' (■ MiiiMoii si('iiil. Ill a few iiiiiuiti-; it «lis:i|i|>t':ii'Ml iM-nt-ath tin- wavfs, :iil tilt' iiicii (li-i -• '.m| th«' aiii|iiitat<'i| arms into the l)oat, aii'l liroiiLjIit ilim tiopliirs aHhoi'tv I'lifortuii- afcly, they wcro i-^'iioraut '" tlif impoi tariff of tln'ir prize, and let tlic shorter of llic arms )»• tlf'strt>\«M|. I am satisflt'l that the iiioiistrr s,.(.n liv ihcsf im ii was fcrtaiiily of inDrmoiis si/c, not h s, at :i \stin»ate, tliaii from thirty to forty fi\e touch, L.duin<| viciim enriicjcd in tht; terriM** arms, which are as supple as leather, alnioNi lus toutrh us ;te(;l. and co|i| ;i.s death i^ pressed a'^^ainsl the <,dutinou.s m;Lss whicrh fcniiis the liody, and then tiie powerful man- is not really more terrible than th;it of the mouse, or of a minnow swal- loweil V)y a pendi : but there is a leiHilsiveness about the form, colour, and attitudes of the Octopus whicli invests it with a kind of tiajjio horror." QT'ESTIOXS. 1. Where diil the fishcnuen first I 4. What wa>« tlie observe tlic iiiuiistcr'.' | .animal aeenrdiii;,' to 'J. Describe its appearaue.' in tlie water. ;i. What dill tlie nionster eject when the anus were cut ufT'.' leiijfth of the the tiiherinen's aeeotmt ? r>. Describe the manner in which it attacks its victims. \ 1. TlIK BAY OF P^UNDY TIDES. ti I.IouN W. Dawson is .-v native of Pictou, N'ova Scotia. .Vftor finishing; hi* eolle^'iaU; course at Kdiiil)urt;h I'niMTsity. he returiiod to his native provinee, where lie luciinr Superintmileiit of K.hieation. As Principal of .M'(iill Colleifc, Montreal, he has attained to a distini,'uislie(l position as a seientist and author.) CoilVUl'sion, disturbance. Phenomenon, natural appearance. Instanta'neously, in a moment. Dissolv'ed in, min^'led with. Es'tuavips. mouths of rivers. Rapidity, velocity. AUu'vium, earthy deposits on land from the tide. Colonization, settl.'ment. Indefinite, continuous. Estimated, calculated. The westt'fu j»;u-t of Nova Scotia pirstMit.s sonic fine exiiuiple.s of luuiiiio iilluvial deposits. Tlic tide-wave that sweeps to the north-cast, along the Athmtie coast of the United States, eiitcrini; th(! funnel like nionflt of tlie Bay of Fnndy, l»cet)incs coinprcsscd and eh;vatetl, as tlie sides of the bay gfadiially a|>[>roach each other, until in the narrower parts thi^ water runs at the rate of six or seven miles per hour, and the vei'tical rise of the tide amounts to sixty feet or more. In (\)l»c(piid and Cniiegneoto T>ays, these tides, to an unacci;stoni(Ml siicctator, have rather the iispect of some rare convulsion of natui'e th;in of an ordinary daily phenomenon. At low tide wide flats of brown mud are seen to extend for mih's. as if the sea had retired, alto- gether from its bed, and the distant channel appears as a mere stripe of muddy water. At the commencenient of Hood a slight ripple is seen to break over the edge of the > i J IIIK HAY OF FINDY TIDES. 23 flats. It rushes swiftly forward, and covering the h)wer flats almost instantaneously, gains rapiilly on the higher swells of mud, which aj>})ear as if they were being dis- s(»lved in the tutltid waters. At the same time the torrent of red mud enters all the channels, creeks, and estuaries ; surging, whirling, and foaming, and often having in its front a white breaking wave, or " bore," which runs steadily forward, meeting and swallowing up the remains of the ebb still trickling tlown the channels. The nuid flats aic soon <'overed. and then, as the stranger .sees the water gaining with noiseless and steady rapidity on the steep sides of hanks and clitl's, a sense of insecurity creeps over him, as if no limit could be set to the advanc- ing delui'e. In a little time, liowevei-, he sees that the liat "hitherto shall thou come, but no farther," has been issued to the great bay tide; its retreat (H)mniences, and the wat«MS rush back as rapidly as they entered. The rising tide sweeps away the line material from every ex])osed bank and clitV. and V»ecomes loadeil with mud and extienielv line sand, which, as it stagnates at high water, it deposits in a thin hiver on the surface of the flats. This layer, which may vary in thickness from a quarter of an inch to a (piarter of a line, is coarser and thicker at the outer edge of the Hats tlum nearer t)ie .shore; and hence these flats, as well as the nuushes, are usually higher near the channels than at their innei edge. The falling tide has little ell'.ct. oix the.so dejMjsits, and henct; the gradual growth of the Hats, until they reach such a height that they can he overflowed only l>y the high spring tides. They then hecome natural or salt marsh, covered with the coar.se gi-a.sses which grow in such places. So far the process is carried tm by the hand of nature; and before the colonization of Nova Scotia there were large tracts of this grassy alluvium to e.vcite the wonder and delight of the tirst settlers on the shores of the I>ay of Kundy. Man, however, carries the landnuiking proce.s.s farther; and by diking and draining excludes the sea water, and proiluce.s a soil capable of yielding for an indeflnite period, without manure, the mo.st viiluablo culti- vated gi-ains and grasses. Already there are in Nova ff •2i THK 1!AV OF FUNDY TIDES. i X ??ootia more tlum forty tlioiisanfl aci-es of dikefl marsh, tin* uvera. IIow (bi tliu tides rise at firHt on j tims reilaiiiicd Irom tliesea. tbi- iiiiirsli land? | ,s. l>L-scnl)e the slmrcs n{ the Bav of I. How rvrn the mnrshr<,sed to have been aee<'ssory U) their esea]ie. was ean-ied on shoi-e to behold the destrttetion of his hoiis<' and eU'ect.-;, wliich uere biirn(>d in his jire.sence, as ti juni- ishment for liis temerity and pertidimis tud to his com- rades. Tiie )>risonei> expres.sed the j^jit'atest concern at haviiif; incurred his Majesty's disjilcasure : and, in a peti- I ion addressed to Colonel Winslow entreated liim to |)earance (f liio ivst, who were tlc^sirous of visiting tiieir families, ami con.st)lin<^ them in tlieir distress and mi.sfortunes. To comply with this retjiiast of holding a few a.s hostages for EXl'ATKIATION OF THE ACADIANS, 26 -'^ tlie stirrendor of llui whole body was iice was i^'iven for one dav, and on whose return a siiniliar niunher were indnlired ill the same manner. They l)ore their contint^ment, and received their sentence, with a fortitiidt! and n^signatiou aUni,f(>ther nnexpected ; hut when the hour of (Miiharkatiou arrived, in which they were to h;ave the land of their nativity for ever — to j)art with their friends and relatives, without the hojte of ever seeing them again, :uid to he dispersed among strangei*s, whose language, customs, and religion, were O[)posed to their own, the weakness of human nature prevailed, and they were overpowered with the sense of their miseries. The piT'parations having been all completed, the 10th of September was tixed upon as the (hiy of depart lu-e. The prisoners were drawn up six dee]>, ami the young men, one hundred and sixty-one in numlier, were oi'dered to go hrst on hoard the vessels. 'i'his tln'V instantly and pei-emi)torily refused to do, declaiing tliiit they would not leave their parents; but expressed a willingness to comply with the order, jji-ovided they were permitted to etnbark with their families. This reipiest was immeris(>ners ad\an(efl with slow ind reluctant steps, weeping, praying, and sniging hymn.s. This '"■>■. they suddenly found themselves witlmut a foe to sultdue. and without a population to protect. The volumes of. smoke which the lialf-exj)irini,' end)ers emitti'(|, while they mark(>d the site of the j.easant's humiile cuttaije, Idire testimony to the <'xtent of the work of destruction. Kor sever.al siicces.^ive e\eiiiiiL:s the cattle a.sseini.led round the smoulderinfj ruins, as if in anxious <'\pectation of the return of their masters; while all ni^dit loni; the faithfid watch-doL^s of the Neutrals howled over the scene of desolation, and mourned alike the hand that had fed, and the hou.se that had sheltered them. — IhiHlin rfon. 1. IIiiw inans- I'f tho \(Ui]iu'- null win ; :.. Wluit was tin,' si'uiiu witm.s.scil al lU'scrtcd the tr:uis|i(irl vm'Ix- kilkir.' \ tlu' cnitprakutioii? '_'. ilnw w.is tlio .Vdiiiii,' moil's friiiiil C. What was tin; date of llu'ir (ii'oart iniiiisheil? I uroV ;!. Wliat (li.l till' (.risMiicrssav ill tlicir ( 7. nescriln; tho scimic on tin' n.;i,| fftition to Col. Wiiihlou ? I ii-oiii the i-haiMJ t ' tlu" s|, ,.!•(■. 4. Naiiu; the iwo districts to ulii.h i ,s. Write a-i an ahstnu-t the la.st |iaiu- .soiiii; iif thcin were allowed to return. I vTaiili, after readiiiL,' it twi.e. i 'i MAN. WtFAT a piect! of work is man ! liow nolil,' in reason ! h'>\v iiituiite in facuhy ! in form and nioviiii^ how expres.s and ;idniirahle ! inaction how like an angel, in ai)i)rL'luMision how like a god I — .ShakcKpcan'. HEAVING or THK r.KAD. 27 Viri.-HEAVINfJ OF THE LEAD. (The following' line* descritw a scene very cnin.iii n mi our coast. A vcwel is (Ir.iwin;? near her destination. A sailor i-i stutioin'il nn deek t'> heave the lead ; t. »'., to tjike siuuidinirx in order to ascertain tliu depth oi wa'er. The depth diiiiinislies as tlio ves.scl nearM land, until ut last she is .safely I crthcd in the liarlimir. J Sciuiding, nii.ning before the i Matchless, unp.|<'"ll«'y tlie deep — uiiie. ' 28 UKAVI.NC OF THK I.KAD. Ali<] liciriiiLT n|» to un\u tlic |">rt, f>()iiit' well known ohjt'rL kt]il in \ icw ; All al»l»t'V tower, tlu; li;u'l)onr fort, Or lic.u'oii to tin- V(>.('1 inic ; ^\'llilL• yi't tlie Ifiid tilt' st-anian rtuni:, AjhI to the pilot clu!t'iily siiiisf, " l'>\ till' mark— soveu.'* .\\\i] ;is llio iniicli-lovril slmrc we lu'ar, Willi traiisjioit we hi'ludd llic roof V.'lieif liwills a tiicnd or partner dear, < )f t';iitli and lo\c a inafi'ldi'ss pi'ouf. 'I'lie j.-ad once more tiie scaiiian tiling, And to the waulit'id pilot isuii!^, '' <,|iiarltr less — five." Now to lier Iter'li tlw ship draws uiKli, We shorten sail she feels tin' tide. "Stand clear thi' cahle," is tlie cry, 'i"he anchor's 'j,n\i,- ; we safely ride. Tlic watch is s"t. and tliroiiyli tlie ui^ht W'c licar the seaman with delicrht I'rodaiui ' "Alls well." J iiuitjjmou f i Heavmg of the lead — A liciivy jiiccc of lead is attadicil to a Iodk line. measured off into fathdiiis. NMiiiicvci' a vcsmI ai)]iM);uii(s hnni. «ii yots near slialluws, it is ciistniii.u y to iicuxo the Ic^nl into the sea, jsn as to ascoitaiii tlif (liptli. wliich is easilj' loail «>ti' fioia the line to wlliih the IcMil is attached. Cliaiinel "'I'he Chanilel" is now always iise.l for the Kligli.sh Cliaiiliel, whicli s(!)>arates I'aighmd from I'laiiee. Pilot Within certain liiiiiti^. in iiat row cliaiuiels. estuaries of rivers, A;e., no one is allowed to take cliargo of a vessel save a licensed pilot, who i.s thoroughly .ie(|uaiiited witli the coast. SliDiten.sail This "is done when iie.niicj; the harVionr to arrest the \ts>ers way, so as to jnevent her imuiing u^aitist the (juay. The watch is set Wssels, when in hailiour. have one or more men, aeeo;ding to circunistauces, uiniointed to watch over tliem at night. QtTSTlONS. 1. Wli.it wind did the ship cxj>cri- ; 7. What is a "ftfrtcoa"? enee ill sallin;,' up rhiitnu I'f i 8. With wli.it feelains «locs the sea- :;. What is nieiint li\' ■' 'Virnuii'"? ' man ;;:ize im the laml ? ". AVli.v is Uic land de.^crilicd a^ ; '.<. Wlial i-rouixcs llieMc feeliniii ! th'' \ drd«s ne-ir h. Wlio is a iiilut, and why is one nii;lilV III iessar> 'r 1-. Wliy is it ncessary to set a I.. Wliat comes in view as they bear wateli mi loard vcsm-Is when they uj) lu y.dn the harbour if ' arc in liurbuur'.' I Tin; f>Ki;uNi> siiioi: of LOi'isnoruc. IX.- TTIK sr.COXD SIKCK OK I,()l'ISH()lIK( J. 29- Magni'ficeiit, ^I'lfiulid, Induiyeil, iftiiiiiiMl. Opportunity, rlumc. Subsid'pil, went liown. Practicable, iiu>mIiU'. Stim ulatcd, fiicouiagfl. 8xer tions, ejnlcavoui^ Assailants, iiriit>. Despite', iiotwitlistiiiHliii';. Repelled, ilrivcu liuck. Dismounted, thmwn ilnwn. Squa'dion, a (letuclimeat. On- ill.' I'.Hli of Fchriiarv, ;i riintrnitK't'iit fleet Hiiilca from I'ortsnioutii, wliioh vnry'wd out (Joiienil Aiulicist ai!>l an army of ten tliousaml men It was Imi^ .letaiucd hy (•(.utVaiy winds, ami after • stormy passa-e reached Halifax on ill'' -'"^th of M..\ n hero IJostawt'li's tie.' was met romiuLr .uit nf tin- l.arl.our tie' .gallant admiral l.eiii!? weary (»f riiactioii. At dawn on tli«^ "Jii'i of June, tlic • ■ntire armament, eml.raeinL,' twenty-two ships of the lino, tiftccii fii'.,'ates, one hundred and twenty smalh'i- \essels, and fleven tliousan.l si.\ hundred trooi's, arrived oil Li.uisl.onr^' Andierst indul-ed in the lu.pe that ho would l)e. al.le to surjirise its garrison, and issue.l orders fur the silent landiny of the troops. I'ut for six days a roui^h se.i, and th.-'heavy surf wliieh broke upon the niui'd l.eaeh. rend. -red Urn disend.arkatiou impossihle. During this interval thr Krench t.iiU'd ni.uht an tliundere(l afjainst the ramparts, the citadel, ano the sliijipin.LC. On the twenty-lirst of July three of the Fieneli men-of- war were set on lire by a shell, the followinir dav the citailel was in a blaze, the next the barracks were Uuiied «l()wn, whih' Wolfe's trenches wei'c pushed close to the town, and the French driven fi-om their i,'uns by the British sharp-shooters. On the niirht of the twci»ty-tifth two captains of Uoscawen's fleet swept into the liarbour with a sipiadron of boats under a furious lire, and burned one of the remaining men-of-war and carried oH' another. I>oseawen i)repared to send in six shi])s of the line to TIIK SK(H)NI> SlKliE OK LOIISHOIKO. ai uttark tlu' other Kiviirh vessels, hut the town was already a heaj. of ruins, tli.- ^Mvuter part of ius <,'uns (lisniounted, au rest in. ()n this account the Governor of Lo\iisl)ourg reH(»lve(l U> capitulate ut .liscrotion, such heing the only terms he .h soldier. •J Whtii.li(ltli.flLrliii.|.r..acl. Loui*- , ... hAi-hnn 1m.>v tlu- nt.v u^s taktii. bouru. :ins. Me had not been long in the den, when the watchman tiescriuil the wolves stealing back to the ravine. A sudden p,amc seized the wretched man; he fled .vithout giving the l»romised warning, and neve-r paused until he cross. -d a 32 THE LAST \VOIiVE.S OF SCoTLAXD. I W t Hiiiiill Ktrcjim two milrs ofT. Tlioro, Cfnifcifnce-strick* t>, toi' liis ciiu.inlicp, lio \vf)iiii(|t(l liiiiistlf in vniioiis pliict-s with his dirk; iiiid, on i-cuhintj th<' \ ilI:iL''', iisscrtrd Unit th«' wolves hiul sinjirist'fl tlifiii in thf thri, that his hiotht r wns kill W'verc. Fortunately the hody of the hiiite he lunl kiiUd alforded some ]»iotection ; and, after receiving se\ei-al wounds, lio succeeded in driving his knile into the heart of his ft'rocious as.sailaiit. The inditj;nation of the people nc^ainst tho dastard who had abandoned his brother to what seemed cc i -in death, and who liad then endeavoured bv falsehood to conceal his ijuilt, Was inihounded. They drauj^ed him before the laird, who, on lieaiin;^ the ea.se, jissumed, as was not unusual in those rui.h^ day.s, the function of a juil^e, and oi'ditred the criminal to bo handed on the summit of the liiufhest hill, a sentence thnt was innnediately and willingly curried itito execution. iSir T/iomas Dick Lauder. Elginshire, or Moray— A fertile inul roniMntic county of Scotland, bonmU'iJ on t'lf north l>y tin- .Moray Kirtli, on tli<' oast by Tiantrnliiip, on tlio soutii hy Alicnlron anil Inveriifs-i-sliir') , mul on tho wt";^ l)y Naiinshirc. The Knock is u conspicuous laiidjnark, iu the suutherii THE LAST WOLVK8 OF aCOTLANP. extremity of the county. The Highlaml lUilway n<>w piwisfH ;> .1 itii oastem bam* The Laird A .Scottish tfrm fi>r /,ropri hvinl exercini'il ti, |H)W('r of a judge. The govi'rnmt'nf w.m csHentially of the imtriarchal type, ami the power of the laird over hi« vawals wan almost uii bounded. In many pariithcti, the i/itlhwt-hill in iitill {lointed out. (il'K.STIONS. I Where .ire tVie l.vt wolves known to have exixU'il in Hcotland? 2. Who undertook to destroy them ? S. What |Kirt did each brother un- dertake? 4. How did he who was sentinel act when he saw the wolve-* retundnif? 5. What Btory did he make up to eoneeal hi» cowardice? •i. Whjit did till' villaifrrs do when they heard bin straai-he

hliall ju.lKe ainonn the nutimu, and hhall r-lnikc many ixoidf, and they Hhall heat their KWor.U into lilongiisliar.s, and their ftjiearH into jiiiiningdiiM^lc.H," Inaiah ii, 4. * 1. Wli" w; • Tuliiil Cain? '_'. What k nd of iniiilenivntH (lid he first fiiH)iioii'.' :i. What did lie n> < ivo in exelianut! fur his swi)rdH and H|R-arsV 4. What chanc'-' i .nut hvlt Tuhal Cum? :>. What vas the i aiisc ..f this ilian^f '.' yl K.sTloNS. .;. 1.. what Wtter tiw di.l bo pur- (Mist' tiirnin>; his ftklll in nielaln? 7. Wliat cfTfct hail the nitro<|u.tii>n ipf the |iliiiikch u|M)n human »er of followers ; to have founded a city there, iiiiu thus to have ucooiTie tue aiicestor of a s?*"S Ym^ of kinji^s. His son .and successor fotmded a v.few city, •\\ Inch henceforth became the seat of government, and is 'Mj THE LEOEND OK ROMrLl'3. |t 1 -s;- saifl to lijivo been the lnad of a coiiU'denu-y of tliiity noiLrlilioniin;; towns. Pi-ocas, one of its last kiii^^s, at his death It't't two sons, Nuuiitor and Aiiiulius. 'J'ho fonnrr, l)eine put to deatli, and tlien conijielk'd the (hiu^fhtor to heotune a vestal virgin, wherehy she was obliged to remain unmarried. I>ut hy the god Mars slie became tlie mother of twin sons, It'oDiiilnx and Ji'tjui's. Tliereupon tlie usurpti' caused iier to be kiih'd, an to manhood, they distinguished themselves by their brav<'ry and their noble bearing, liy an accirothei'. In order to increase the luimlier of inhal)itants, lioiiiulus opened an asyhnu, in- viting all and sundiy to come aneace was coneluch'd, a;.d hnally the contending states coah"sce(], and formed one nation, with Roiuuh.s as king. Soon after this, Honndus be<-;.me involved in war with variou.H tribea. in all ot whieh he was successful. After a reign of :W years, he was removed from the earth in as marvellous a manner as that in which he had come int.) it : for one dav, while he was reviewn.g his tro:.i.s, his fatluM-, Mars, .leseemhHl in a tenjj.est and tore him ui) int.) h.'aven. He was ever after woi-shipped as a go.l. and regar.h-.l as the guardian and protcctar ot the city he had founde.l. ^ Legend Th.. oarly history of Roino, as rccor.l-'.l by Livy and other Ko.nan historians, is now gcierally h.-lievol to ho m tlin main, mythical i.e., nurelv fanciful ..r imaginary, though it is quite proD- able that these le^,'.'n.ls had some sort of f.niiulation in f.ict Tioy A city, situate.l in the north western corner of Asia .-Mmor. i is sai.l to have s.istiined a ten years' shge hy the Greeks ^^l'"hnall> took it l.y stratagem. This siege gave occasion for the two greatest epic pocilis .,f ancient times -the ri„f tindiu" wiv*'" for the remnant oi Beajamiu Judges xxi, I'.t 2;{. • Adapt*.! fron. Dr. SchmiUs History of Rome for Junior Clnue4. (WaUwn C'oUlus, tJoiMi, i Coni|)any, LI.) 38 THK LKCKND OF KOMULL'S. Disappearance of Ronmlus ( 'opijuire the traditions rcganling the dis- aiipearjinco of King Arthur of the Koinul 'Jahlc, anil of James IV. of Scotland aftt-r the battle of Floililen. QUESTIONS. m 1. What is mosxnt hy a " lerii-nil " ? 2. Whiit is thf ),'e!Hral \v rfnanjini: ttic early luslory nf Rum. a> narrated by tlic l{i>iiiaii lustdvians? 3. Where was Truy, and for what was it eelelirated "i 4. Wliat tun (freat pnenis are enii- nected with thi fate <.f Trnv ? u. Civetho le^reiuiary history nf the birth and preservation of Rutnuius a'ld Kemus (i. What pi.itii'ii of .Seriptiire docs thi." Htorj Tesi inhli.'' 7 Uovy did lioiiiuliis increase the number of the inlialiitants of his new town? 8. What is the oiiginai nieanlni? of " va'jnhimd" ? Give an example nf it* use in this .senne. Wliat dees the wi.rd mean now ;>. How did Kiiniulus obtain wiws for his new sid)ie('tsely res( III- tlic Jisap- i)ns III .«ur nipare this Nkitink? ,8 the Wttle itlic paws, stooil. id move iiilicl iiliii L'oinj):iny liversion I engage en of a lay thing. uvv tlian •ge, tin y ling »\\<\ leptance, my |»i-o- such un a,u,nal. and in the attempt to t,^mo it, J should Hnd iitst that sort of emph>vment whi i my case required. It nn.ih In known amlng the neigh.oux. that 1 was P''-- -j ^ the present, and the consequence was, t»-V\'H e cl "f T had the otiVr of manv hn-erets. I undertook the can. ot hree which it is necessary that I shouUl here ;l-tu>gntsh bv the names I gave then.-Puss, T.ny, and P.ess. Im- mediately commencing carpenter, 1 hmlt them houses ^> s ee,. in In the chutime they had the range ot the hall, and at night retired'each to his own hed, never mtrnding into that of another. . Puss grew presently familiar, wotild lenp into my lap. raise himself u'pon his' hinder feet, and bite the hair from ,nv temples. He would sutler me to take Inm up, an.l ;:; carrv him ahout in my arms, and has more than on.e fallen anleep upon my knee. He w.v.s ill three ^lays, d mg which time I nursed him, kept him apart from his felloNss that thev might not molest him, and by constant care, and trvinc. with a variety of herbs, restored him to perfect health No creatui-e could be more grafeiul than my patient after his recovery; a sentiment wd.idi he most signiticantlv expressed by licking my hand, hrst the b .k of it, then' the palm, then every finger separately, then between all the lingers, as if anxious to leave '^<^ l>;^;;^ ^^ ^^ unsaluted ; a ceremony which he never performed but once again upon a similar occiiBion. Finding him extremely tmctable, I made it my custom to carry hun always alter breakfast into the garde'U, wh.n-e he hid himstdf, geii.-nilly under the leaves of the cucumber vine, sleeping or chewing the cud till evening: in the leaves also f that vine he found a favourite repast. I had not long hab.tuated him to this taste of liberty, before he l>egan t<. be impatient for the return of the time when he might enjoy it. He would invite me to the garden by drumming upon my knee, and bv a look of such expr.,>ssion that it was not i.ossible to misinterpret. If this Jl.toric did not ^^-^^^^ J ^^Zl^^ he wouhl tivke the skirt of iny eo.U between his t..t^^^^^^ pull it with ail his force. Thus rus:s uuguv f.. —-» t^ ^- perfectly tHme', 40 COWPERS TAME HARES. ^ H d 1 m It I-- ho was happier in human society than when shut up with his natural corapaniorus. Not so Tiny ; u})ou him the kindest treatment had not the least eJlect. He, too, was sick, and, in his sicknt-ss, ha^l an eijual share of my attention ; but if after his recov- ery J. took the liberty to stroke liini, lie would growl, strike with his fore f«;et, spring foi-ward and bite. Jle was, however, very entertaining in his Wiiy ; even his surliness was matter of mirth, and in his play he prcsened such an air of gravity, and performed his fi-ats with such 8Liiient? 2. How many hares n in iwrtlcular exhibit? A PLEASANT WELCOME HOME. Tis sweet to hear the watch-dog's iionest bark Bay deep-mouth'd welcome :\h we draw near Iiomc • Tis sweet to know there is an eye will mark Our coming, and look brighter when \/e couie Bi/ron. scorn su music. 41 JJe <'.id XIV.-SCOTTISII MUSIC. fjKMF'i'RKmir a native of Uurencekirk. Kin.'ar.linj-shirc, wa. Imrn ... 1735, ?, r of Moril Philo-opl.v in tliat University in 1760. Ho diod in 180.t. Mw .',:r;;Vroil! woik l" hi.ksa,/ <>,. Tru,h ; but he is better k.H.wn by hu, poon, ... the mmtrcl, wliicli reUii.s its popularity to this (iiiy.) Characterize', iiiark out, ter suited to their circum8tanc«'s. And so wo find in fact that theii- music is. The wildest irregularity appears in its composition ; the expression is warlike and melancholy, and ai)proaches even to the terrible. And that their poetiy is almost universally mournful, and their views of nature dark and dreary, will 1)0 allowed by all who admit of the authenticity of Os.sian ; anil not doubted Ijy any who believe those fragments of Highland poetry to Ix; genuine, which numy people, now- alive, of that country remendier to have heard in their youth, and were then taught to refer to a pretty high antiquity. Some of the southern })rovinces of Scotland present n very different prospect. Smooth and lofty hills covered with ^-erdure; clear streams winding through long and beautiful valleys; trees produced without culture, here straggling or single, and' there crowding into little gi-oves and bowers, with other circumstances jn'cuHar to the districts I allude to, rendcu* them (it for pasturage, and favourable to romantic leisure, and tender passions. Several of the old Scotch songs take their names from the rivulets, villages, and hills, adjoining to the Tweed, near Melrose : a region distinguished by many charming V;iri»jf.iea of rural Hr>oiiorv nml \wlii/»li vvrlmf }i«»«< \»r«> ouit> the face of the country, or the genius of the people, may properly enough be termed the Arcadia of Scotland. And all these songs are sweetly and powerfully expressive of 8C0TTIHII MUSIC. 4;i ti y ; tlif iiul ami . to raist' cavorns ; iiiidscalH' (lilinsc a ! tnoiigli t fail to t'lice and fi-Qiii tin- Mpirssivf ; tlieii- iistanccs. L' wildest •es.sion is to the iversally ■arv, will f Os.siaii ; iiient.s of •}>le, now in their tty liigli resent a. covered long and ire, here le gi'oves • to the age, and passions, les from 1 Tweed, iliarniing pie, may I. And Bssive of love and tenderness, a.id otlu-r emotions suited to the trancinillitv of piwtoral life. H..hlands -This tenn is popularly given to f-^Part of Scotland win^ i..^ t.) the north of th.H Imnipjiui nvnge of mountains. suited tor tlif rcLrina m.\ t. o'li g '■'""'',• J [J ^ ,^^i„^ „f „„,,.«. It ,M U, 1,.- ,„Uh,M when w,. ^"\"X""uiy:rii we ..D...-" » "»'='ly -.v Ion- lit.M-ary controversy, -^^'"y ' X"'^^^^^^^^ trunsla- x.s=^:h:/r;^;=tt;^s^^^^^ * Morea in Oreoco. It ha.s l';"^" t*-™ ;; \t gS of s cpherd.s. and Tlio chief .leity of the people ^'^^ ^ ' "' ^f J^Jely pa.storal. This, the occupations of the people ^"« j^^'"^;,..^"^^^^^^^^ toKother with the romantic character of tli.. c"" [7' i i ;Ss to select Arcadia as the type of any pastoral di.stnct. QUESTIONS. 7. How is that effect Hhovvn hi the 1 What do you remark res;arili"B tho' nieloly pccuUar to each musical country ? , . • , „„ 2. With what may this musical pc- cuTiaritv ho comiKvrcd ? ■{ Where have we a striking ex- atni)le of the diversity existiiiK' u' musical expression in the same couii- trv '' I ■4.' To wliat may this diversity be attributed '.' . ^ • ••« »„„ .-■> Wliiit are the characteristic fea- tures c.f Highland scenery? ti. What effect have these features on tlie imagination ? jxMitry i>( the Hi'.'hlanas? ft Win) was ON'^iiin '; 9. On what Kn.un.ls has his authen- ticity iKien questioned .' 10 Contnlst the features .-(the southern provinces of Sootkind with those of Die HiK'hlandH. 11. What .lifference can you trtce u. the iw>etry of these two districts of the ''"lo'^Whv niav the soutliern portion of Scotland be called its A rcadia ! EVERT PLEASURE HAS ii:^ rAIN. I\ the sweetest \n\d The e.'^tvng canker dyelh. -Shake,^peare. '\ 44 AMKRICA TO (iUKAT HKITAIN XV. —AMERICA TO (ilJEAT BRITAIN. Analysis. In «Mir laRt W!ir with China, tlie Commander of the American .I'liiadron in ChincHC water.s, observing our veBsfIs hard preNsed, iit onco Bcnt liis own Hhips into action, and justified him»elf for ho acting on his own respouHibility by the remark, " Hloorl is thicker than water." These words furnish the key to tlie following striking lines by an American autlior. The ties that connect the two eountries are so many that tiicy niav be regsirded as one. In the first stjinza we have the address ; in the second reference is made to the fact that the two nations are of one blood ; in the third to the fact that they both use the same noble language; and in the fourth we are taught that, while each nation is moulded after its own type, and sejiarated by the ocean, still the voice of blwxl will proclaim that the two are one. Gigan'tic, hu^e, very large. M.i'f^ic, wonderful. Blasted, scorched by fiie. Mould, fashion, shape. Commun ion. intercourse. Audible, e.i.sily heard. Am. hail ! tlioii noble land, Our fatliors' native s(n\ ! () .stretch thy mighty hand (jiigai)tic grown by toil, Oer the vast Atlantic wave to our For thou, with magic n.ig}it, Can'st reach to where tlie light Of I'lio'bus travels bnght The world o'er. shore, Jl! Though ages long have pas.sed Since our fathers left their home, Their pilot in the blast, O'er un travelled seas to roam ; Yet lives the blood of England in our veius! And shall we not proclaim That blootl of honest fame \Vhich no tyranny can tame By its chains I While the language free and bold. Which the bard of Avon sung ; In which our Milton told How the vault of heaven rung, When Satan, blasted, fell with his host; While this, with reverenfo niec* Ten thousand echoes greet, From rock to rook repeat, Round our coast ; AMKIIICA TO OHKAT BKITAIN. 45 \Vliile the ni;inner«, wliilo the arts. That mould a iiiitionn sotil. Still cliiiK around our heurts, Iktwet'U hit ocean rt-ll, (>'.)! joint coinuHinion breaking willi the sun ; ' ot Htill, fronj either beach, 'i'he voice of blood shall reach, >b.re audible than speech, "We are one!" — *'' fhinf^tnn AlMon. Gigantic grown by toil In rof..rencc to the onormouB development of Knulish trade and iniiimfactureH. i i n Phoebus The (Jreek na.no for Apollo, the sun ^'c.l, honcn used by the ,°!ets for the sun itself. Tho reftienco is tu tlu- widespread extent AgestJ'haie'pSff'The I'il.Min. K.thon, left Ungland in the ship " MavHawur " in the year Ifi'Jt). Bant of Avon -Shakespeare, born at Stratford on- Avon. Md on The author, among <.ther po.n.s. of Pr.rml'srLoM in which he treats of the expulsion from heaven of Satan and the fallen angels. QUKSTIONS. 1. Wlure is the Atlantic Ocean? 5. Why docs tt.e writer s;iy iJvc'Slt'u'v' "" ''"''*'" *"'""" i 3 Whit is the loadin, id., of the 3. Who uiis the bard of Avon? lesson? 4. What was Milton's Kreat work ? •Our XVI. NOBLE REVENGE. Irritation, anger, annoyance. Inexorable, unbending. Redress .remedy, righting a wrong. Menace, a threat. Intercepted, cut off, prevented. Remorse,' regiet for an injury com- mitted. Par tial, in which only a part of the army was engaged. Spectator, onlooker. Martial, warlike. Skirmish, slight engagement. Recap tured, retaken. Volunteered , offered themselves. Gore, b!<>ud. Homage, in token of respect. Mys'tery, something strange or secret. Recognition, knowledge of each other. . Mar'tyr, one who dies for las faith. Indig'uity, insult. A YOUNG officer had so far forgotten himsolf, in a moment of irritntion, as to strike a private sohlier, full of personal di«;nity (as sometimes hapi)ens in all ranks), and distinguished for his courage. The inexorable laws of military discipline forbade to the injured soldier any , ,^ -i'- 1 -._J TJf ^x..l/l ^nnl' fr,v nn rotnb'flt.inn bv Uct '. words only were at his command, and in a tumult of in- dignation, a.s he turned away, the soldier said to his officer 46 NOHLE KKVKNdK. tji that he would "iiiMkc liitii rcpeiit it." Tliis. wearing the sliajjc of a inenaci', natiiiully ickiu(ll«f}" t MI !>!•» litljr . ^x oLiOii^ pai vjf nan volunteere was a tlag; whilst with his right hand he seizes that of tho Ifad.T, tlu.ugh no more than a private from the ranks. Thiit perplexes you not: mystery you see none in that. For distinctions'^ of order pt-rish, ranks are confounded, "high and low" are words without meaning, and to wreck goes every notion or feeling that divides tho nd-le from the nol.le, or the l)rave ncm from the hruve. But wherefore is it that now, when suddenly they wheel into mutual recognition, sud.lenly they pause ? This sol- .lier, this otlicer, who are they ] O reader, once before they have stood face to face the soldier it is that was struck ; tht; otli'.(!r it is tluit struck him. Once again they are meeting ; and the gaze of armies is upon them. If for a moment a doubt divides them, in a moment the doubt ha8 perished. One glance exchanged between them publishes the forgiveness that is sealed for ever. As one who recovers a brother whom ht; has accounted dead, the otiicer spnmg forward, threw his arms round the neck of the soldier and kissed him, as if he were some martyr glorified by that shadow of death from which he was returning : while on his part, the soldier, stepping back, and carrying his open hand through the beautiful motions of the mili- ^^,,." Hjvl'.it^ Xo. a Ru»>eriQr. makes this immortal answer — that answer which .shut up for ever the memory of the indignity offered to him, even whilst for the last time WWiW^~-.W^"T 48 NOnLK RKVRNOE, ftlludin;r to it " Sir," Hiiid hf, •' [ told you !«'foi-o that T would tndlo' ;inu rt-pent it."- I)t' (/iiiiirei/. Redoubt A D'lloubt is a jtnmll Bfiniirc work witln.ut any ih^friitT, hut in front, tlirowii uj* to [imtoct HoliliciH when cukikcI in api>roiinhiiiL' fi town l.y regular niv.m- work. It iH ai>i»lit!il. liowivor, to any ginali work UN(!(i for the jirotcctioii of soldicr.H in war. Hieroglyphic -TIk- won! litt-nilly nicaiiH mrrol riK/rarhio. iukI wuh iijiplit'd by aiicifut writcrti txclunivily to t;.« Hcnlp'tnru und iimcrijt tioiiH <);i |iuhli( inonuiiieiits in KKyi>t, ht'iauMf it wu.s tliou^lit that the prii'stH alone wen- aci|uainteil with their meuniu- In inodfrn times, the word is used to describe any niodo of represontiuK idean by nieaiiH of visible objects. In the lesson, it i« applied t<) the report of the K"'»*. whieli conveyed t(» the onlooker tho only i.lea he coulil have of the progress of the contuHt. QlKSTIONfS. 1. What Ifii to ihc III feeliiiir Ix;- | 0. \Miut siuo «s attended the cntor- tweuM the >ouni^ otH( or and the sol- prist .' '''*;'■•„ . ,, 10 How did the officer weieome -'. Iliitt WM the .soldier pruveiitid )>a. k the ion(|iieriiiL' iiartv ' .'"\in"H'''.V',"f '' , ' "• What took [.hue « i;,.n the oJtlcer ... Whut did he say t.. the otli, cr? and soldier uKiiin fa.-.-.l ladi other'' 4. \Miat .■ffect huil this upon the , IvJ. How \,,uk did this hesitation ottii CI - mind ',' hist? .^. What occasion soon aro.sc for a vi How did the offleor show his cli.splay (.r coura-f on the part of the appreciation of the soliiicr's hr.ivcr\ '' 6. What is a r.•r^l«A^' MckiKuvlcd'.-iiK'iit? 7. What did the soldier vohnitecr to I.',. How niay we licst make ,.np rf- ""•' ,.., . . .... . . ^"'"' "f •'">' iiidiK'Uity l,o niav liaM- s. What u meant hy hurinjbjphic ottered lis? report x > II ii XVI I.— THE EA HTHAVOILM. DesijniR. plans. Efficient, eapuide of producing tnc inteniled effect. Rpquiie'iiieiits, tho wants or necessities. Structure, orgnniz.ition. Cylindrical, barrel -ahaped. Conical, sliajied 'ike a cone, r.ri., a sugar-loaf. Obstruction, laHily pr()Vf"'tliis, if yon take np an earlliwonn. ami pnll it thi<.ui,'h vour hiinds. If yon take hold <.f the head i»art of the worm, and pass your haml towards the tail, it goes without any obstruction; but if \on try to j.ass it the otli'-r wav von cannot -your hand is laid by tiiese little spines. Now, the eilect of thex" spines is, that the himler part of the worm can be li.xed immovably in its hole, while tht! front part is being pushed forward to extend the hole in tli(! ground. At the slender front end of the worm is the mouth, which is simply an opening; but ju.st aliove it then; is a little finger, as it were, the oflice of which =s to keep putting soil into the month ; f > • it i.s a fact that the worm, to a very considerable ext« .■'ofs its way through the earth, when 't is l)urrowing. I'he foO(J of the worm is the actual soil : that which nourishes it, of course, being the organic matter which liappens to be mixed with it. During last .sumn> r, 1 was making some o))servation8 on eaithworms, and I had occa.siou to dig np us many as I could find in my garden, and I was sui pri.sed to see that a very consider ibh- number of the worms had new tiiils. It was evident, that they were not the original tails, because tln-y were badly fitted ; thisy were smaller in pro- portion tis III the rest of the hoiiy, as wt il | iitei in colour. I a.skcd myself, as well as othns, how it Lap- M.H.VI I) if -ti uo TilE EARTinvOR^f, U pcnpfl tliat Hieso worms h,ul now tails, anfl iho only expliinatioi) I n-c-civcd was that, in all pmbahilitv, tlift gar- n, that the worm iiiust come uj), tail Ihst, to Void thi.s rejected matter. 2s ow, that being th.; eas.., it struck nie at once, that birds on the outlook for .something to eat, would very soon spy wliere a worm was in the act of producing one of tho.so little heap.s. would hop to the place, lav hold of the worm, and try to j.ull it out of it.s hole. But I told you that the worm lias the i)ower of resisting stronglv })eiiig i)nlleJ m that direction; it won't come, but will' sooner submit to having its tail bitten off— so you see how Providence orders these matters— the binl gets a goofl meal, and the worm goes back to its hole and grows u new tail. X*/'. A IcocJc QUESTIONS. 1. What is the chief idea in all jointfd .iiiiniiils? 2. What ha\c you taiue CUNNING OF THE ClKMJOblLE. XVIII.— CUNNING OF THE CROCODILE. 01 Expo=^ed' to, (|uito open to. Bf'-Mule i', clit'iitfd. BeaK^, bills. Absorbed . wliolly occtipioil. Engulfs', swallows up. Manceu vre, tiick. FLi<:ne(i, pn-teiKled. Fatal, deadly. Mem brane, a thin white skin that covers any mendier of the bodv. Frw creatures are so sly and wary as the crocodile. I watcli thfin continually a.s they attack the dense tlocks of small birds that thi()!ii.j the bushes at the water's ed^/e. These birds are pcrffctly aware of the danyer, and they fly from the attack if possible. The crocodih' then (jui(>tlv and innocently lies upon the surface, as tli.)u<,di it had ajjpeared quite by an accid.-nt ; it tln-n attracts the attention of the birds, and it sltjwly .sails away to a considerable distance ex- jii.sed to their view. The birds, thus b.'^uilfd bvthe deceiver, believe that the danger i.s removed, and they 'again tlock to the bush, and once more dip tlu-ir tliirsty beaks into the stream. Thus ab.sorlxid in slaking their thirst, they do not observe that their enemy is no longeron the surface. A sudden splash, followed by a huge j»air of jaws beneath the liush. that engulfs some dozens of victim.s, is the signal uuexpectedly giv(>n of the crocoilih''s return, who h;is thus .slily dived antl hastened under cover of water to his victims. I have seen the crocodiles repeat this maiuruvi'e constantly ; they deceive by a feigned i-c-treat, and then attack from below. In like manner the crocodile perceives, while it i.s floating on the surface in mid-stream, or from the opposite .si(l.' of the river, a wom.in iiiling her girba, or an animal dnid. IH'scribe the crucudilc'tf toiisjue. i^ I i rH ' li ! XTX. ^POETIC (JEMS. Cor'onetS, small crowns worn by the nobility. Confederate, leagued. \/ithes, bands formed of twigs. Mansions, palaces, stately dwell- ings. Eesplen dent, shining brightly. Prop; i ety, fitness. Inspired', filled. Unpresump'tuous, modest. Po lished, acconiplished, gracefnl. Sensibility, delicacy of feeling-. Need lessly, without cause. Inadvertent, careless. -TRUE MANLINESS. I dare do all that may become a man. Wlu) dares do more is none. Shakespeare. 2. — TRL'R KOr.ILITY. TTowe'or it be, it seems to me, Tis only nobfe to be good ; Kind heart.s are raoru tTiau eoroncts. And simple faith than Norman blood. Tennyso-.i, ^09l!^M^^f^P^^^^fis» ■i it for a beneath a Lire. The my other name ; no from the thickened iilong the Bake er. ivt'll <() til a woman fili- al dniikiiif;'.' Jilc ntnerally lia-i Hcizod it? Ic'tf toiijrue. lest. i, graceful. f feelinj;. ausc. hspeare. 1. I'OETU; OEMS. 3. TRUE FREEDOM. He is the freeujan wliom tlie truth makes free. And all are slaves beside. There's not a chain That helli-sh foes confederate for his harm Can wind arouud him, but he ciists it otf With as much ease as Samson his green withes. He looks al)road into the varied field Of nature, and, though |X>or perhaps, compared With those whose mansions glitter in his sight, <'alls the delightful scenery ail his own. His are the mountains, and the valleys his. And the i-espleudent rivers. His to enjoy With a propriety that none can feel. But who, with filial confidence inspired, Can lift to heaven an un5)resuinptuous eye. And smiling say — " My Father made them all ! d3 Coicoer. 4. — TRUE IIAIM'I.NESS. Tf solid happiness we prize. Within our ureast tliis jewel lies ; And they are fools who ro.im. Tht; world has nothing to bcsrow, i'Voni our own selves our joys niu>*t flow, And that dear hut. our home. T. '\i -iappineas has no localities, No tone provincial, no peculiar garb, Where er a tear is diieil, u wountiftl heart Bound up, a bruise.\rt— t here all the honour lies. Po/h;. ir 11 64 POETIC GEMS. -TRUE SENSIBILITY. I wonld not entpron my list of friends (Thou-rli gniced with polished luanuers and fine sense, Yt't w.iiitiiif,' sensihilitv), the ui;iu Who iitH'dlcssly .sots fo(»t iipou a worm. An inadvertent step may crush the snail That crawls at t;veninf,' in the pnhlic path ; But ho that has humanity, forewarned, Will turn aside, aud let the reptile live. Norman blood .M.-iny of the nohility trace their descent from the Noniiana. Tno oi.lcr the f:n.uly, tlie higher dignity jt ia sui.no.sed to pOHHl'SS. Samson, his green withes -Compare Judges xvi. 0-9. Whom the truth makes free— Couipiire John viii, 3i». QUKSTIONS. 1 In what does true manliness eon- i 10 Explain the allnaion to Samson •"'■' 1 in this I'lihsa-e? .. Mention some thinj,rs which he- | 11. On what irronnd can tlie Chris, come II man tian freeman elann ail nature a.t his •i. -AIcntKin some thhv^'s uiibeeomini; own? »nmn an.i tlierefon; N;/HmH/.v. | 12. Where must we seek for true 4. W Inch IS the hit'hest and hest I happiness? ''"''''"■^■'•' 13. On what do lionour and slmme .*>. What are earowtx ? t). Wliat is meant hy Xorm.^n Bbooit ? 7. Who alone is the freeman ? 8. Wliat is tlie eonUitioM nf all others ? > ». On what portion of Serimure is thiti descnpliua of true freoiiom basud '! de|K3nd? ?J. Ilo'v is true Imnour to lie ulj- tained? 15. Whit is meant by .sensihility ? 1(1. In what estimation dues the poet hold It ' 17. Wliat frequently leads to cruelty to ammals? } i XX.— CO.\.lP<)SrTION EXERCISES. 1. (Jive an account in your own words of the common earth \V( inn. 2. <;ive an account in your own wonls of the climate uf (lie Maritime JVovinces. 3. (Jive an account in your own wonls of the destruction of the l.'ust wolves in Scotland. 4. Write an E-^my on Tubal Cain from the questions to Les.son XI. 5. Write the letrendary history of Romulu.s. 6. "The physical conditions of a couutry will iufluence the l< COMPOSITION EXERC'IS1>'. 55 miisio of that country." Illustrate tliis statement by reffrei.ce to themusic of tho Higlilaiidsof Srotlnml. 7. Show by exaiiiplfs that true iuanlitit',s8 consists in doiug what may l)eooiue a man. ,s. Show by exaiiiples that doing things uubucoiujoi; a mau is H/nu'i)>f'i'. 9, Write an e>*s;iy from these heads :— (a) Tiie desire of liappinesa is natural tr man. {h} ;Men seek hap})iiiess in various ways. ((■) Mere external things cannot give true happiness. (d) True happiness must always be sought from within. f.' For true happiness there is no phice like lioinr. lit. Quote passages to show that true hapf.iuesd Uepeiia* ui)on ourselve.s and not on external circumslauces. EXAMri.E."*. " Tiie mind Ui its own place, anil in it-t'tf Can make a heaveu of liull, a lull of lioavrn." Pdrailisf I^iiit. Ixiok I, line 254. " My mind to me a kinjjdum is." Suuthxeell, " Look Ilniiic." J 1. On cruelty to animals. 12. Give an account in your own words of the foini ami habits (»f tilt' Devil Fish. 13. (livi: an account of any pet animals you may have, 14. Describe the material, position, and .ntructure of the nest of any bird. 15. De.scribe the proces.s of building a house. 16. Describe how the ground is preiiared for seed. 17. T>escribe a snowball tight. 18. (live an account of a huliday spent on the ice. 56 SECTION II. l|^' XXr.— DISCOVERY OF AMETIICA. |WA«niVrrroN Trvino (b. 17R3, d. 1859), desccurled from an nld Orknry family, w:ia Ixiru at New Vork. He in the autlior ot vanouN works, which have at- tained deserved popularity. Tlie extract is from his Li/e o/ Columbxtt.] Clam'crous, boisterous. Turbulence, tumult. Manifestations, higns. Re'cently, lately. Artifi cially, done by .irt, by the bnnd. Mu'tiny, disobedience to ordurs. Sanguine, hoiu,ful. Invar'iable, constant. Impres'sive, earnest, solemn. Augmented, increased. Poop, the highest deck of a shin. Unremitting, unceasing. Affirmative, yes. Delusion, error. Transient, juissing quickly. Tumultuous, greatly agitated. Mystery, secret. Sages, wise men. Conjectures, guesses, opinions. Aromatic, sweet-snielling. Speculations, thoughts. Fanes, temples. Oriental, eastern. When on the evening of the third day the sailors beh<^ld the sun go down iijioii a shoreless hoi-izon, they broke forth into clamorous tuibulence. Fortunately, however, the manifestations of neighbouring laud were such on the following day .as no longer to admit a doubt. Besides a quantity of fresh weeds, such as grow in rivers, tht-y saw a green lish of a kind which keeits about rocks; then a branch of thorn with berries on it, and recently separated from the tree, floated by them ; then they picked uj) a re<'d, a small board, and, h^ -ve all, a stafi' artificially carved. All gloom and mut y now gave way to sanguine expectation ; and throughout the day each one was eugerly on the watch, in hopes of being the first to disco'?r the long-sought-for land. In the evening, when, according to invariaV)le custom .... 1>.-»>f/1 i%C +l>p oilniit'ul'B vliiii fVie in'-iiMiiMi-K bnfl Kiincr fl.tJ iSiilre fieijina, or vesper hymn to the Virgin, he made an impressive address to his crew, lie pointed out the good- ness of God iu thus conducting them b.v such soft autl DISCOVERY OF A^^EHICA. 67 ;nry family, ich have at- IM.J kly. itatcu. unions. •s beheld oke foith [jver, the on the besides u they .saw i ; then ii sepaiiited ced up a rtiticially sanguine lS eagerly 30-rer the e custom sun" tLe made an the good- hoft i'.Utl favouring breezes across a ti-.in of liis coiii- jianions, and iii(|iiii('(l wlietlicr Ik; saw a liyht in tliat direction ; tla; lader ifj.lied in thentHrniativc. CoJiMnhus, yet doulitfid Nvliether it niiuht not bo Konio delnision of the fancy, called one of tlie sailors, and made the sjime iminiry. By the time tht3 latter liad ascended tin; lound house, the light had disappeared. They saw it once or twice after- wards, in sndden and passing gleams; asit veic a torch in the haik of a heiinan, lisiiig and sinking in the waves; or in the hand of some person on shore, borne up and down as he Avalkerl frcmi houso to house. So transient and uncertain were these gleams, that few attached any imjuirtaiico to them. Cohimlius, houcver, considered them as certain signs of land, and, moreover, that the land was inhal>it( (1. They contimied tlieir course until two in the morning, when a gun from the Piutd. gave the joyful sii:nal of hiiul. It was first discovcre(l })y a mariner, named Itoderigo do Triano ; lait the rewanl was afterwards adjudged to the admiral for having jireviously pcj-ceived the light. The land was now clearly seen alxut two leagues distant; whereu])on they took in sail and lay to, waiting impa- tiently for the dawn. The thoughts and feelings of Columbtis in this little space of time nnist have been tumultuous and intense. At length, in spite of every ditllculty and danger, he had accomplished his object. 'J'he great mystery of the ocean was revealed; his theory, which had been the scoH" of sages, was triumphantly estal>lished— he had secured to himself a glory, wiiich must l>e as durable; as the world itself. It is dillicult excn for the iiuaginaiion to conceive the feelings of such a man at the moment of so sui)lime a discovery. What a bewildering crowd of conj<>etures nnist I'.ave thvngcd upon his jsnnd an to the l:!!!d wltieh jay before him, covered wiih darkness. That it was fruitful was evident from the vegetables which floated from its shores. He thought, too, tiiat Le perceived iu the baluiy DISCOVERY f)F AMIUKA. .•iO air the fraciiiiico of ai-oiiiMtic jjrovrs. Tlio ninvincr Hu'lif wliicli hf liful ht'licld, piovt'il tliat it w,is tlir nsidnico of inaii. But w'liat were its iiiliiibitimt.s t Wcr*' they liko tlif tlic other jmrts of tho jjloho ? or wcr*! tlit-y snim* strange and moiistrouH race, sm-h as tho imagination in those times was |>roiu' to give to all miiotfi and iniknown regions? Had he come npon some wild island far in tlie Indian Sea? Or was tliis the famed f'i|iango itself, the object of his golden fancies ? A thonsand specnlations of the kind must hav( swarmed upon him, as, witli his anxious crtjws, he waited for the night to pass away, wondering whether the morning light would reveal a savage wilderness, or dawn iipon spicy groves anil glitter- ing fanes, and golden cities, and all the splendour of oriental civilization. Washiii'jton Irviiij. to tlu; t. The listant ; r impa- Salve Regina-Two Litin words, mpanini,', If/ilf. O Qurfn. forming tho tirst worils of a liyinii to tht- N'irgin Muiy. Almost all tho ('hristiati hymns of that a^o were in Latin. A }'(,ipn' liymn ia a liymu suni.' at tidiiii'j wonship, as Mntnis refer to monaiig Hervice. Columbus —The discoverer of .America, was born at b- ■ervcd towartln llu; tml of tlic \»ynu*'! 2 Whv witx '/"• «'"/ orlilicially carn-il the li*>i iiiinion of tliat ane rfKardiiiff the inhahitanl* of remote and nnUnown re^'loiiH? II. (jnolc Othello's dencription of them. Ij. I'oint out all tlie sra j.h nines or words oceurrinu' in the lesson. It;. K.\|iliiin these wordhund phniw;*: The br< ne IkkI bffn jrfuli : W>ih VKire neu than umial , They nlood <» the wfst : Thi I'inta k'-epiwi the lead; /'««;> ; I hey tiiiil: inMiil ; They lay to. 17. Explain thesie wordK : — j4 rf i/f- eialhi; Mtiliii;i : Salve /leow string, break thy bow and aiTows, and expel thee from the presence as a faint-he; u-ted craven." . ^^ " This is no fair chance you put; on me, proud prince, said tho yeoman, " to compel me to peril myself agahist the best archers of I^'icester and Statfordshire, under tluj ,u,r «f infMniv ;f tl.f>v should ovensho* t me. Never- theless, I will oue\ \our plesisvire." A target w«s placed at the upper end of the southern 62 SC'KNE FIKi.M IVANHOF. il i|i If M\<'iiiic ^vIli(•ll lid to the lists. Tlii> rontotvling ar.lirrs took their Htiitioii in turn, at tlin l)()ttoiii of the .sontlu-ni ncrisH. Th(5 iinliprs, liavini,' i>revionHly drt.iinincd l.v lot tlxir onl»!r of jir.cfdciicc. wtr.' t<> shoot «'!ich three shafts in .siicccsHion. Ono l.y one the uicln'is, stijijiin^r forward, tlcliveri'd th.'ir sliaftH yrouianiiko and hravt-ly. Of twj-nty- fuiir arrows, shot in Huccfssion, ten Avoro in th(i tar<'«t, and lh(! <.lhcrs r;nii.'ed so ii.ar it, that, cofisi.lcriiit,' th« (listaM'ti of till! m.irk, it was accountcil j^'ood arclit-rv. Of the tf!> sliafis whii h Jiit tho tiruct, two witliin the' inner rinu' wero shot \roitose." "Tiiatis hut fair,' replied Prince John, "and it shaP not be i-efused theo. Jf thou tlost heat this hrag,i,'art, Huheit, I will fill thy hui,de with silver jH-Tinies for tW."' " A m.ui can d(j hut Ins best,"' answered Jluhert; •' hut my grandsiro drew a gooil long how at Hastings, and I trust not to dishonour his niemorv." The foiiner t:irget was now removed, and a fresh one of the same size placed in its room. Hubert, who. as victor in tho iirst trial of bkill, liad the right to shoot first, took his aim with great d«'liheration. At length he liiade a step forward, and raising the bow at the full Btretch of the left arm, he drew his bow string to his ear. The arrow whistled through the air, and lightein-," ho sai.l. " u man can hut orth ""lie then left tlie lists, but rettn-ned almost innnediately with a willow wand, about six feet in length, perfectly strai'd.t, and mtber thick.-r than a man's thumb. lie be-an to petd this with great con>i.osute. observing at uei muxii time, that to ask a good woodsman to shoot at «. i> 61 SCE.NK FKIJ.M IVANHOE. target w) })ro!i(l as had liitluTto boen used, was to put hUhuu'. upon his skill. " For liis own purt," he said, "and in th(! hiuu wliero li<' was hn-d, uicu would as soon tak(; for their mark Kin;,' Arthur's round tal.lo, vhich held sixty kuiu'ht.s aroumi it. A cliild of sev.n years old," ho said " uii^dit hit yonder target w ith a headless shaft ; hut," adiled liej\alkiiig deliberately to the other entl of the lisf.s, and sticking' th(i willow wand ujjri-ht in tho^'roiuid, ''he that hitH thiit rod at five score yards, I call him an arclur lit t.) hoar hoth how ixud cpiiver before a king." " iMv j^randsire," said JIuhert, "drew a ost.s lixed ni tjio earth, as in onr gam.'s of ciitkit and football. The protunt of tl:e lists cori-esiionded to what Nse term iiiDiiin. Targets Wen; generally oval .shaped, with a wliite spot in tho centre —what wc term tho hull's eye. At restiilar intervals round this centre were drawn w hito oval linos. To hit the centre or bull s eye was the iierfection of auheiy. Hastings In Sussex, where the battle was fought (lOM) A.l).) which established the Normans in Kngland, and gave the crown to \\ dliam, commonly called the i'unquen.r. ,. , ,• e i\ Kina AithuVs round table King Artlmr was a mythical king ot tho . ... -J .. 1. _ - ,., 1 ii.« v.. .•«.... iif> iiii-titntod a fiiiiiina anCicnt J.ritdns, m!iu t-J.-l'tf-'-'l t!.- ,-,!-. .„~, J.t 11 .11- I » order of kni^dlth(M>d. The number was limiti .1 to (10, and, toprev-nt disputes about pivedence, they sat at a i,>uud table, all being tlanj on a footing of etiuality. * OUR FATHF.RS. 65 gUEHTIONS. 1. VHiat wasa tfiiinrnmcnt? •2. What is iiit-ant by tishl Who was llif J'ror.Hit i,f thr lint** :?. Ill whcist' reign w tlie story of ImnhiH' placfii ? 4. Who were tliu kiiitflit-* >•( thu rmniil table'.' T). What two distinct races inlui liittVl Ki)i,'laiHl at tliii time o( tli^- story .' ti. What wa8 the rclativu condition of the two? 7. Tell what you know of Koliin IhHxI. XXIII.-OUIl FATUKKS. Indus'trial, relating to the arts. Contribu'tion, literary production. Spontaneous, voluntary. Plau dits, audible i)rai8es. Mellow, ripe. Fruitage, iiruiluct. Ar'tizans, workmen. Rhotoiiciau, orator. Hanno nious, concordan*;. Reverberates, resninnls. Measured, eiiually paced. Alt'ii-ence, attention. In November, lH."i4, an Industrial Exhibition, doing great credit t»» Nova Scotia, and to tho.se wiio originated the idea and worked otit the details, was held in and around the I'rovincial ihiildi' <;. .Mr. Howes contribution was given in the followii^' spitntcd lines :— Room fur the dead ! Your living liaiids in.iy pile Tn-a-sures of art the stately tents within ; lleauty may grace them with her richest sniile, And Genius here spontaneous plaudits win. I'.tit yet, amidst the tuimdts ami the tlin Of gathering thousand.s, let mc atnlience cinvf : IMacel'laim I for the ilead. 'Twire mortal .sin. When banners o'er our country's tre;isuri;.s wave, Unnuirk'd to leave the wealth"s;ife garnered in the gi-;ive. The fields may furni.sh forth their lowing kiue, The forest sjioils in ridi abundance lie, The mellow fruitage of the clustered vine Mingle with flowers of every varied dye: Swart artisans their rival skill may try. And, while the rhetorician wins the ear, The pencil's gi-aceful shailows charm the eye ; P>ut yet, do not withhold the grateful tear For those, and for their works, who are not here. Not here ? Oh ! yes, our hearts their presence feel, Viewless, not voiceless, from the deepest aneiis On memory's shore, harmonious echoes steal ; And names, which, in the days gone by, were 3[)ell8, .M.R.VI. E 66 Ollll FATHERJ*. Are l)l(;iit with that soft music. If there dwella The spirit licrr try ..f those who had iiui.roved the country :uul hdioiuvd for its imisi'enty. . .,-,.,,. •Their waiis enclose us," Tl;c ^tiuc•t^lrc of the rrovmcial l-udd-.n- III whieh the E.xhihition was held. " The (Uist he honoured," Tlie body of the dead Konian wan burucil, and the ashes jdaced in an uni. s. The water plants and ti-etis, decaying, furnished layers of coal, and the mud and sand constituted the shah- and sandstone tiiat lies between tliem. In order to illustrate this change, Sir Charles Lyell, the celebrated geologist, states tiiat " when- ever any part of a swamp in Louisiana is dried up, during an unusually hot season, and the wood set on fire, ]>its att; burnt into the ground many feet deep," showing the cond)ustil)le nature of deposits now going on. Such being the origin of coal, we should natuially expect to find some traces of vegetable organ i /.at i(.»n in the struc- ture of this mineral. Tliese, however, are not visil)le. as everybody knows, in the majority of lumps of coal that fdl our stov(>s and fire-])laci)carance of the.se chlls is of the most interesting character. Alter- nately with shales and sandstones, are to l)e seen the edges of numerous seams of coal, varying from iwo inelie.-, to four feet in thickness ; and, rooting in these .seams, appear petrified trunks of trees, from eight to twenty-tive feet in "»mjs "fsnss THE COAJ. FIF.M)S OF THE MARITIME PROVINTF.S. 6i> hci^'ht. Vc.'ir l>y voar, the liigli tides of the Buy of Fundy, whrch rise luoro than sixty feet, undermine and woiir away the face of the clitis, revealii)^' new specimens of fossil vegetation. In addition to the trunks j.ud stumps of these tvrvH, wliich are calh-d Tigillonia, and are unlike any at present existing' in tlie world, the coal n.easures of Nova Scotia and Cai.e iireton abound in fossil Eijuisetaceas the liorse tails or scouring rushes of our swamps, and other remarkable trees and plants. _ Kach of the lavers or seams of coal indicates a distinct period of vegetable life. It has hence been concluded that no fewer than tiftv-nine great swamp forests must have <-ontributeKl to furin the Sydney coal fh-ld in Cape Breton. We know, from observation, how slowly the formation of coal is going on at the present day ; how great, therefore, must be the period of time that has elapsed since the hrat of these forests rose fr.jiu llu^ silent swamp, fell before the power of the watercourse, and became the foundation of fifty -eight suveessive beds, repeating the story of us own <'xistence ! — Adnided. qfestions. 1. il.iw has coal lulik'd to the iiiijxir- t.im-u of tireat Britain ;is a i-niimii "-oial iiaiumV , li. Name the tijuniries in «iiKh coal j- to hi' foinul i S. Where is it found in very larjfc «|(iantitii's'.' 4. Wliat is the extent o( the coal dfpositH ill ihc Maritime Provinces'; '.K How do (fcolopists explain the formation of coul? 0. Wliat diKS Sir <'harles Lyell say ul'out tlie swiimjis in Lomsiana. 7. I 'oscrilic the coal-Held on the shore of thie'/necto May. ^. Numesomeof the vejfetahleorfc'an- isnis toui\d in eoal heds. ). SORROW. He that lacks time to mourn lacks time to meiid. llttriiitv mourn- that. 'Tis an ill cure Ft.r life's woist ills, to have no time to feel tliem. Where Horrow's held intrusive, and turned out. There wischnu will not enter, nor true jwwer. Nor .-uiglit that dignities humanity. lleiirif layluf 70 A SlIII'WKKCK. XXV. A snii'\vi;i:( K. i 1 ■: i ■ I' ClolM'-ra^k, thin, llying, broken cloud Land'waru, towun''. tla- shore. Wel'tering, lol^; '. Trem'ulons, (|iii\. ing. Hur'ricaue, furioim gale. Profound', lU't-p. Revol'ving, KoiiiK round. Hideous, dreadful, tcrrihlo., Engulf, sw.iIIdw u|(. Stkauu.y blows tilt' iiortli-ea.Ht wind. Ami tlu! luirb ur ll;i<( blow.s str;iitxlit from tlio maat ; And thf .sailors lounLfe ami !ook on (in- piir, And smoke their j)i[)e.s a,w\ think it will l.xst. Yonder tlie doud-mck lowers and j^loonis, .\n