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LISBON NATIONAL PRINTING OFFICE 1892 ^C» U \ IV \ G V I 1 ^ \ 1~ ' ■ 1 III \ IG^ -^ SURVIVALS OF PREHISTORIC RACES NCDHT ATLAS ADD THE PYREEES In July last, whiles visiting the Parliamentary Library at Ottawa, Canada, and casually looking over the numbers of Kosmos for 18t meeting with the following paragraph, headed Lcs Pi/gmc,',s da la Val- lee ih liibas, (New Scries, vol. viii, \>. 50): wProfcssor Mi- guel Maratza has descovercd in the valley of liibas (pro- vince of Gerona, Spain) a community of very curious people whom the country people call Naiios (Dwarfs?))). ((Their height does net exceed 1 m. 10, to 1 m. 15. These Pygmies are well built, and have a robust appearance. Their hair is red. Their face forms a perfect square. Their cheekbones arc prominent, their jaw heavy, their nose flat, and their eyes, which are slightly oblique, resemble those of the Mongols, ^hey have only a few scattered hairs on their face*. I could not find any further reference to the subject either in Kosmos, or in such other scientific periodicals as I was able to consult; but, as Stanley had not then told the world about his Conge dwarfs, and the subject of pyg- mey race had not attracted the large amount of public attention which it since has, it is probable that the para- graph in question escaped notice and has since been for- A y \. ^ A ^$ < ffottou. It could not have been suf^gcbtcd by my liaving get lidingH of tho cxistciu-o of dwarfs South of Mount Atlas, for my Int*i servant Hrst told me of tht^ dwarfs avIio hved in Akka, tho country adjoining his own, in January or Fe- bruary 1888. His statements and souk- confirmations ihnt had 80 far como to light, were conununicated in Sept. 1888 to tho (Jeographieal Section of the British Associa- tion, but without any expression of opinion on my part. It is extremely interesting to note that liihas, the homo of the dwarfs of the Tyrences, is the name of ft place con- nected with a dwarf tribe in central Africa. In an article in tho Popular Science Monthlij (vol. xxxvi, p. GG4, 18U0) wc are told that <(on the shores of the Liba is another peo- ple called Kenkob, only three or four feet high». Another man gave Dr. Koello a very similar account of a tribe called Jictmn, living on (he Iliver Hiba, evidently the same as Libiin. The announcement of the survival of a dwarf race in the Eastern Pyrenees has tluring the present summer been followed by another as respects a hu-ger prehistoric race in the Eastern recesses of those little known and to a larg. Another t of a tribe k'lclt'utly the ivarf race in iinimer been historic race 1(1 to a lai'g«! last, p. 30, L'nx, wo are 1 Geograpli. of his explo- cercs, which c who speak ible retreats, exhibited a 1 and Portu- pushcd into they are bc- to attend the lexpectcd by a Berthelot's AufiijHiti'cH CaiiarunucH (I'^'^O), a full account of a aimi- lar discovcrv, made about the end of the IHth Century, > of a cominunity of liarinlcss savagos in a secluded district in Spain, whose only religious rites consisted in their otle- ring fruits and Howera to their Deity on the tops oi mountains. As they were not true believers, and were not likely to become such, as they could not speak in an intel. ligiblo hmguage, the only thing that could be done with them was to burn them. It is not unlikely, as IJertiu-lot suggests, that they were survivals of a primitive Berber race, such as peopled the Canary Islands, and North Africa; and we are rcniinded that in their offerings of fruits and flowers they resembled the Guaiiches, and also the primitive races of the West Indies, and the siinjile Toltecs of ^Mexico, the followers of the divine apostle of peace, Quctzaleoatl. What is tho language spoken by these JiUinlex! Is it connected with Berber, or with Keltic, or with Basque V The problem can easily be solved, and I trust will be cleared up at the proposed Congress at Lisbon on the 1^0 Sept. In July hist through Dr. Lcitncr I drew tho atten- tion of the Organizing Ct)inmittce at Lisl)on to tho great niportanco of at once communicating with Professor Ma- ratza and Dr. Bride, respecting tlicir discoveries in tho Eastern and the Western I'yrenecs ; it was urged that they should bo invited to attend, and to bring with them, if possible, one or more of the Jourdcs and Nains. If these suggestions can be carried out, no doubt most interesting and important results will follow. It is difficult on an Ethno- logical point of view to exaggerate the importance of tho discoveries of Professor Jlaratza and Professor Bride, for if they can be substantiated, (as we have every reason to expect), they will supply a connecting link between tho prehistoric cavedwollcrs, the brownies, and the «nocannyi) dwarfsmiths of European folklore and fairy tales with si- milar races now existing from mount Atlas to the Kalahari desert of South Africa. O. A / I 6 The well known rod c'li) i)f Jlttrocco, called luz, from the oily where it is principally made, and a form ot'whieh ia worn hy the l*ortuj,'iie8e, and oapceially by the people of the Azores, is of no little intcrost, as it is used by the dwarf Laplanders, and was worn hy the dwarfs of Keltic and Teutonic tradition, who are therefore known to folklore as Red Cups. It is hoped that before the end of the year a very com- petent explorer will have reached the Bcduded homos of the Atlas dwarfs; but it is likely that even more important discoveries will have been previously made in the Pyre- nees, that will be a warning to the large class that, being overburthcned with a little knowledge, ki'ow every thing that is worth knowing, and therefore look on anything outside their range us an impostun^ or a delusion. Thanks to such people, Hehweinfiirth and ^liaiii, when they annouii- ci'd the existence of their dwarf Akkas, wen.' set down as Munchau.seus. As the Greater part of the vast unknown country South of Mount Atlas has never been visited by a European, those who scouti'd the idea that there could be there tribes of dwarfs hitherto unknown, will be effectually silenced should th'' Jourdcs and the Xuins prove to be now in existence within easy reach of health eeekerd and Cook's tourists. Cn 1' /, i n r ,- .« ■ ^ _- -*-... V il i\z, from rm ot'wli'uh • tho jH'OJ)Io UBod by tho •fs of Kohic u to folkloro a very com- •d homes of '0 important n tho l*yro- that, bcinpf every thing 3n anything ion. Thanks hey announ- •f set down 1st nnknown visitt'd by n 'H' could bo f otrcctually 't' to be now 1 and Cook's -, L i |:' 1?^ Si i_^_