^, IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 2.2 I.I 11.25 Ui«.8 |50 *^™ ■UUu U 11.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation k // ^/ ■^v f/> «^ ^•v ^v (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (muaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles sulvants apparaitra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, seion le cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN ". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely Included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fllm6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 est film6 i partir do Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droits, et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'Images n6cessaire Les diagrammes sulvants lllustrent la m6thode. , 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 .fl' Canada West, 1st June, 1850. '■'■"^ INFORMATION FOR INTENDING EMIGRANTS OF ALL CLASSES TO UPPER CANADA, DESIGNED PRINCIPALLY FOR THE SMALL FARMER, AGRICULTURAL LABOURER, &c., BUT WHICH WILL BE FOUND INTERESTING TO OTHER CLASSES POSSESSED OF CAPITAL OR INDEPENDENT INCOMES, WHO MAY CONTEMPLATE LEAVING THE UNITED KINGDOM WITH THEIR FAMILIES. ?.'('• »■■: v,oJ 7x: . •r'iV.i'p. :r i-,«; BT FBEDEBICE WIDDES, ESamSE, COMMISSIONER OF THE CANADA COMPANY, TORONTO, UPPER CANADA* t(V i^- 'Y-j-iiw '-nm -■. ' -f The increasing inquiries made to the Canada Company fov information upon Uppef Canada from various parts of the United Kingdom, the IJnited States, and Gennany, by intending Emigrants, have induced the Company to arrange those questions, with their corresponding answers, and to print them in a form for general circulation ; believing, that as the data are furnished by intelligent and experienced gentlemen, long resident in the Province, who have readily contributed their assistance, the infor- mation herein given, in a succinct form, will prove very useful and interesting, and at the same time form a ready means for the transmission of information from settlers to their friends at home who may be anxious to join them. :yj tl !-iii 1» an* it I *«s«iJl I t-i!l i-^Wl *»l1; *n »*!:'•■■•;'< Cll :t>'-iq •(•>-.•?-,!'■ .'•.•'».• "-Tfe nvt '^'■0m\mtn eiiil mn^ip^^eu^ ■ T R N T 0^^ PRINTED BY SCOBIE & BALFOUR, ADELAIDE BUlLDU^GS, KING STREET. 1850. tq '^d cl t: :> ...a ,<^ M^ifA* S^^^ Query No. 1. — Climate of Canada IVest, and the Highest and Lowest Temperature number of Wet and Snowy Buys, fyc, during the year ? ANSWER.^This may be considered a very important question, since so much ignorance and misrepresentation prevail upon the subject, and therefore it is conclu- sively answered by referring to the Grovernment Meteorological Observations, made at Toronto, for the past ten years, from which the following is taken : — ■ Mean (Ireatest Lowest No. of Days. Rain, Snow, Year. Temper- ature. DpOTftfi of Dejireeof Cold. depth in Inches. depth in Inches. Heat. Rain. Snow. 1 Fair. + 1 1840 44.1 82.4 —18.6 97 56 213 29.6 1841 44.3 93.1 — 6.7 80 46 239 36.7 J 842 44.3 91.0 + J.9 89 55 221 43.0 1843 42.7 89.0 — 9.4 83 73 209 43.6 66.2 1844 44.7 86.8 — 7.2 106 41 219 34.8 73.1 1845 .44.8 95.6 — 4.2 97 47 221 27.1 55.7 1846 46.4 94.6 -16.7 103 43 219 32.4 62.1 1847 43.5 87.0 — 2.9 115 39 211 32.0 49.8 1848 44.6 92.0 —11.4 98 33 235 22,2 46.0 1849 43.8 88.6 —14.2 97 42 226 32.2 43.0 Mean Temperature, taken from ten years' observation. 44.3 Highest Temnerature +95.0 12th July, 1845. Lowest do. — 18.6 16th January, 1840. Total number of days on which rain fell 965 — yearly average . 97 Total number of days on which snow fell 476 " 47 Total number of days perfectly fair 2,213 ' '« 221 Average yearly depth of rain 33.4 inches. Average yearly depth of snow 66.6 ** Mean Temperature of four summer months 62°6" four warmest months. Mean Temperature of four winter months 26°6" four coldest months. N. B. — If a particle of snow or rain falls during the 24 hours, the day is respectively considered at the Observatory as a rainy or snowy day. Query 2. — Does Farming afford a projilable return for Capital invested in it ? This question cannot better be answered than by giving a brief review of affairs durmg the last seven years in Canada. Wheat has been sold at 3s. a 7s. 6d. per bushel, and other produce at proportionate prices : tliese great flnctuations have led to consider- able speculations amongst most classes, but v^hilst the result has been ruinous to almost all engaged in them, the Farmer holds a iwsitive and steady position — seldom rich, as far as money is concerned, never poor, for from the produce of his own farm he enjoys every necessary and most of the luxuries of life ; his property is constantly increasing in value, and he is yearly adding to his possessions either by the acquisition of wild lands for the settlement of his family, or by making extensive clearings and other improvements on the land he occupies ; the constant increase in the comforts around him shows corresponding progress in prosperity, whilst the absence of the means or opportunity for speculation protects him against losses and reverses of fortune. Let the »^rop be as bad as it may, he is certain of enough to support his family. If the Fall Wheat fails, he replaces it with Spring Wheat ; and our seasons are so peculiar that some crop is always certain to be productive. The only parties who suffer disappoint- 1840. as A- ment in farming are gentlemen who expect to live in luxury, as they did in Europe, from otr the produce of a small farm, and parties who invest borrowed capital in farm- ing oueralioiis. Th' :e who understand their business, and whose capital employed in it IS their own, are sure to increase their means and wealth. They may be checked for one, or even two years, but the third will certainly afford a recompense for their industry and persevera.ice. If a farmer determines to keep out of debt, and be satisfied with what his farm yields, independence in a few years will be the result. Query 3. — What advantages does Canada afford for the residence of fumU'>es possessed of inruines of from £300 to £1000 per annum, and what opportunities are afforded to suck parties of increasing their capital or incomes ? Answer. — Canada certainly offers great advantages in its principal towns, as a place of residence for persons having families, and enjoying incomes of £300 to £800 per annum, and upwards. In a fertile country like this, whose productive powers, from the extent of its territory, are at present as it were unlimited, all the necessaries of life, which are one of the principal items of expense in families, are naturally much cheaper than in England. The taxes are likewise much lighter ihan at home, many things being in this country provided for by voluntary subscription which are made the object of direct taxation in the mother country. The Grammar Schools in each District are respectably conducted, and are every year improving, while it is believed that few places can compete with Toronto, the capital of Western Canada, in the advantages which it holds out for educating; a family on the English system. At the Upper Canada College boys are educated, until fit to enter the University, at a very small expense, — the fees for tuition being only £9 currency (£7 43. sterling) ; and even including board and lodging, the amount does not exceed £33 16s. c'y, (£27 Os. lOd. stg. per annum.) The College, which is mainly conducted on the plan of an English public school, is in high repute ; its system has been well tested for many years. There are now about 210 students in this Institution, and more than 1200 of the youth of the Provincwi have received an education within its walls. At the University the system of education is very generally based ou the plan of the English Universities, which is of itself a sufficient guarantee for the soundness of the education afforded ; and the fees for tuition are proportionately moderate,— so are the expenses for board and lodging at the University, which are about £48 currency, equal to £38 8s. sterling, including four meals per day. Nor must it be forgotten, that this country holds out important advan- tages to every prudent father of a family, by enabling him to a much greater extent, and at less expense than is possible in England, to successfully provide for the settle- ment of his sons in life. Young men who combine habits of industry with natural taleni, will find fresh fields annually opening to their enterprii^e, both in professional and mercantile pursuits, through the rapidly increasing developement of the resources of the Province, which are opening up channels for the exercise of abilities and per- severance, and few youths possessed of these qualifications need be apprehensive of not obtaining a competency. Investments in Canada are for two purposes : for present income, and deferred returns for capital invested. The former class, prudently made, yield 6 per cent, per annum (the legal interest of the Province,) but by judic'ous management 7 and 8 per cent, can be safely obtained. The latter class of investment is specially adapted for the provision of children, and for those possessed of spare capital ; and which, if made with judgment in real estate, is certain of realizing, in the course of 12 to 20 years, at least compound interest, and frequently more, — for instance land in the neighbourhood of Toronto, Hamilton, and other cities and towns, has increased in value fully ten fold withia the last 20 years. It must also be borne in mind, that as Exchange on England generally rules at from 9 to 12^ per cent, premium (the present rates are 14 o 15 prem.) parties investing in Canada at once increase their capital in the same ratio — the Exchange being 12^ prem. renders £1 sterling equal to £1 53. currency ; or £100 sterling equal to £125 currency. Query No. 4.— The price of Clearing Wild Lands, and how Cleared? Answer — The clearing of wild land is always to be understood as clearing, fencing and leaving ready for a crop in ten acre fields, the stumps and roots of the trees alone being left to encumber the operations of the farmer. Thje price varies greatly accord- ing to circutnstan<5es, but may be quoted at $10 or £2 10s. currency, in mndorately timbered land in old settlements, and increasinj,', according to remoteness of the settle- ment, to £3 — and even to £i lOs. per acre : The payment at these prices is alvv.ays understood to bo made in cash, except a specia! written bargain to the contrary is entered into. The plain lands beinr: very thinly timbered, cost less lor clearing, but require a more expeusivo mode of tillage ; although plains farmers, or tliose farmers who improve upon that system, generally gel a return for their labour in a much shorter time. Plains are generally sandy, and yield regular, average and certain crops, with- out reference to the seasons. It requires a larger capital to commence operations on plains than on timbered lands. QtJERv No. 5. — General Rotation of Crops, and Mode of putting them into the Ground? • Answer. — As Wheat (the boast of Canada) succeeds best on a new fallow (newly cleared and burnt land being so called), it is always the first crop. Farmers with capital, seed the fallow down with grasses, and wait five or six years ; but the farmer with limited means puts the land into crop the next year either with potatoes or Spring grain ; then follows wheat again, every alternate year, until he has power to clear enough new land for bis wheat crop each year, — when the old land is laid down in iTieadow, and otherwise cropped, without much attention to the usual general rules of "•ood farming, until the stumps rot sutficiently to admit of the free use of the plough. — The best English and Scotch farmers then adopt the customary three or four field system, or otherwise Wheat and Winter and Summer fallow, each alternate year. The first crops are always put in with the harrow alone. It is, however, almost impossible to speak positively in reply to this question, as it seems to be quite a matter of convenience, or perhaps caprice, as to the manner in which the cultivation shall proceed. We have farmers from all parts of Great Britain, Ireland, Europe and the United States, and each person assimilates his practice, as much as possible, to the customs to which he has been used — or thinks best for the country. QuEijY No, 6.-^Produce of crops in average years, per Acre ? Answer. — The produce, per acre, of all crops varies much from year to year in Canada, owing to the late and early frosts. It is, however, generally considered that the following is a fair average of ten years : — Wheat, 25 bushels ; barley, 30 bushels ; oats, 40 bushels ; rye, 30 bushels ; potatoes, 250 bushels per acre. — Swedish turnips, mangel wurtzel, and other roots of a similar kind, are not generally sufficiently culti- vated to enable an average yield to be given ; but it may very safely be said that, with similar care, culture and attention, the produce will not be less per acre than in Eng- land. Flax and hemp are now coming rapidly into notice as an additional resource to the agriculturalist, — the quality of both articles is excellent, and the quantity obtained affords a profitable return — the climate and soil being well adapted for their growth. Tobacco has also been raised in considerable quantities, particularly in the Western extremities of the Province, , - , ,^. ,, , ; , ^ , , - , - . ,,^ ,. , Query No. 7- — Cost of the usual and necessary Farm Buildings and lurniture ? '■'•'' Answer. — A comfortable log house, 16 feet by 24, with two floors, with shingled roof, £9; log barn, 24 feet by 40, £10; frame house, same dimensions, X50; do. barn, £70; suitable sheds, &c., £20. Tables, 10s. to 17s. 6d.; stump bedsteads, 10s. to 203. each. Chairs, per dozen, £1 5s. Boilers, saucepans, kettles, knives and forks, &c., &o., about 50 per cent, over the usual sterling retail prices in England. It must be borne in mind that the settler very seldom spends money in ceding his buildings, — they being generally built by himself, with the assistance of his neighbours, and added teas his wants and increasing prosperity may from time to time require. The cost of household furniture, or rather the quantity required, varies with the ideas of almost every family. In most cases the household furniture of a new settler will not be found to exceed in value £10 ; sometimes not half that sum ; and is often altogether manufactured by the settler himself. 10s. m (IvRnxfis'No.Snml 9.— Prices of vunous kind of Farm Live Steele? Do. of Dead Stork ? Do. of Clothing ? Do. of Provisions ? Answer.— Yoke of Oxen, XIO to £VI Uh. ; Cows £2 10,^. toXii 10s.; F;irm Horses, each, £10 to X20— lower in some Di.stiiots ; Sheep, 6.s. ,'{il. lo VZs. 6il. each. VVai,mii, £15 to X2() ; Double Harnese, X6 to X"7 lOf. ; common Saddle and Hridle, £.3 l,5.s. ; a pair of Drnfis, XI 10s.; Plonjjh, XI 15s.; Winnowni^ Machines, X6 to X6 1.53.; Vails, 2s. ; Sacks for grain, Is. 3d. to Is. 6d. each ; American Scythe, 4s. ; Reap Hooks, Is. 9d. to 2s. lOd. ; Kartner's Sleigh for Produci?, X7 to X7 10s. ; Spades, .58. ; Bedding Feathers, Is. lOd.^ per lb. ; Wool, Is. 2d. per lb. ; Hay, X2 lOs. per ton ; Oats, Is. per bushel. Clothing. — Fifty per cent, addition on old country prices; Crockery and Cutlery of all kinds, very clieap. Provisions.-- Pork, 1.58. to 20p. per 100 lbs.; Flour, .£ I .58. per barrel of 196 lbs. ; Cheese, Xl 10s. per cwt. ; Butter, X2 10s. per cwt. : Whiskey, Is. 3d. to Is. 9d. per gallon; Beef, XI lOs. per cwt.; sometimes lower; Oatmeal, 7s. per cwt. The average of the prices of Fall Wheat at Toronto, per bushel of 601bs., from the years 1&32 to 18.50, is lieie given, as the ino^l approxirnale scale ruling these of other parts of Canada West : — Years. 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 s. d. 4 6 4 3 3 5 o 4 9 8 6 6 6 4 0,^ 4 5' Years. 1812 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 (to 10th May). s. d. 4 n 3 8 4 2 3 11 4 7 4 111 4 2i 4 5 4 Spring Wheat always 6u. per bushel lower. ' • "• N. B. The prices of Fall wheat, have this year varied from 3s. 3d. to 5s. 4d., the above is the average. Query No. 10, — Time wh^ri the Frost puts an end to Farming Operations, and when it leaves the ground? Answkr. — The time of the setting in of the Frost, and of its departure, varies in Canada extremely in different years. But no prudent man ought to calculate on being ab'e to do anything in the open field after the first of November, or before the first day of April. Fodder must be provided for Cattle sufficient to last till the middle of May, as although a surplus may be left from the early setting in of the Spring ; yet cases have been known of great distress prevailing from want of proper attention on this head. .,] Query No. 11. — Farmers^ Avocations during Winter ? Answer. — The new Settler's avocations during the Winter Months are generally confined to taking care of his cattle and chopping,— that is felling and cutting up the trees ready for burning in the Spring. The underbrush must be cleared off before the snow fails. The family, when industrious, find their time fully employed in spinning and other female occupations ; and, when it is considered that almost every article of convenience or luxury must be made at home or dispensed with, it may easily be imagined that the duties of a Farmer's Wife and grown up Daughters are numerous and unceasing, — for in proportion with their industry and abilities will be their domestic comfort and happiness. In the Summer, from the scarcity of labour, all assist in the fields, — the child of even five years old being usefully and healthily employed in some occupation befitting his age and strength. Amongst too many Canadian Farmers, how- B erjr, ttu) winter is a season of idleness and onjoyment, n groat portion of it being spent iti amusement and visitiiij^, to the manifest net,'lectof their farms and impoverish- ment of titemselves and families. Query No. 12. — What descriptions of Fruit and Garden Produce does Canada West yield.? , Answer.— All the fruits generally found in England thrive remarkably well in Canada—but the plum, apple, strawberry, raspb(!rry, and melon, attain a luxuriance of growth and perfection unknown in Euglund. The melon planted in the open groim(l, in most years, produces excellent crops. In many places, vinos prosper well. Peaches are indigenous south of the parallel of 43", or if not absolutely indigenous, grow rapidly from the stone and bear fruit within a few years, ulthough good and rich- flavoured grapes and peaches are seldom met with, owing to thuir culture being neglected. The same observations apply to all garden produce, which will attain a degree of luxuriance unknown perhaps in Britain, with far less care and culture. Query No. 13. — Wap^es of Male and Female Servants, and Prices of Job Work sucht as Carpent ers and other Tradesmen ? Answer. — Farm servants per month, with Bor»,rd, jE2; ditto, without Board, £3. Female servants, £1 per month, with Board. Day labourers, 3s. 9d., without Board. The wages of Carpenters and other tradesmen vary considerably according to the ability of the workman ; they all range, however, between 58. and 10s. per day, taking these as the lowest and highest prices. Those are the rates of wages to servantt3 and workmen who are experienced in the work of the country. Newly-arrived Emigrants do not get so much. Query No. 14. — Taxes payable by the Settlers, and offices they are liable to be called on to serve ? ■ , . . ' Answer. — Groat alterations have lately been made in the Laws relating to Assess- ments—the whole power being now vested in the several County Councils, to imposei what Taxes they please up to a certain limited sum in the pound, on the valuation of property. Each County elects its own Council, and may thprefore be said to tax itself. All the Taxes raised by the Council are expended within the County. It is perhaps useless to go into particulars, as almost every County varies in the amount of Taxes imposed. The offices which settlers are liable to be called on to serve are numerous, but are much sought after, as they are considered to confer distinction, and frequently emolument on the holders, who may be said to be members of a local government, in which is vested the levying taxes, and administering the monies collected from the settlers, for all purposes connected with their welfare, viz., the Roads, Bridges, and improvements in the Township, and its other public affairs, in none of which does the Provincial Government now interfere. nQ.vBKY "So. 15.— Places of Religious Worship and Schools? Answer. — Places of religious worship are numerous throughout Canada. Some idea may be formed of this by stating the fact that in the town of Guelph there are seven Churches and Chapels ; in Chatham, W. C, four Churches ; both these places are comparatively new settlements. As to schools — in towns and well-settled loca- lities education is cheap in the extreme, and good. In the country and new settle- ments, 80 good a selection cannot be made, but there are few parts of Canada where a man can be at a loss to give his children a decent English education at a very cheap rate. In the company's Huron tract there are twenty-five places of religious worship, and numerous schools. There are 30 places of religious worship in Toronto. . ... j 1 i Ht nr pe «'> be pel in Query No. Ify. — The probable Expense of Sitnportiuf^ a Family of Five or Six grown persons until they lotild get sufficient J rom the land to support themselves ? Answrii. — Tuforinatinn from si>V(!ral persons has been recoivHil oa this hoad ; the nmoutit rntisl nooessarily vary according to th« wants and usatft's of tho family. Many persons will do willi one-halt Of what others recjuiro ; and it is impossible therefore to give any decided information on this point; — the prices of produce and provisions before given, will enable each individual to judge for himself, but the meciium may perhaps fairly be taken fit .£36 for a family of six grown up persons, for twelve months, in which time an induijtijoua family should bo able to raise a crop for themselveB. Query No. 17. — Are ^Vild Beasts troxiblesome to New fictllers? >' Answku. — No. Some severe seasons Wolves may annoy the Farmer, but to a small extent. Sheep are, however, in the more setlleil districts, generally protected by a fold ; and the Farmer may now and then lose a stray Hog by the Bears — but many men have boon settled ten years in the Province virithout seeing either Wolf or Bear. Query No. 18. — What is the common Game of the Country ? Answer. — The Game in some parts is plentiful, and consists of Deer, Wood Grouse (called Partrid«Tes), Quails, Rabbits (called Hares), and a great variety of Wild Pucks and Geese. VVild Turkies are numerous in the Western section of Canada. — Fish are also most abundant in all the Lakes and Rivers, and excellent of their kind ; but an otservatinn made by an old Farmer and wealthy Settler may be added to this answer, as it is a very true one. viz :— That a new Settler can earn a Quarter of Beef in the tjnio which it takes him to hunt for a Quarter of Venison. Query No. 19. — Situation of the Canada Company^ Lands, particularly as to Roads Navigable Waters, fyc? Answer. — The Company have Lands in almost every part of Canada West ; they consist of scattered Lots of 200 acres each and of Blocks: the principal block of 1,000,000 acres, is the Canada Company's Huron Tract, situated on Lake HureUjWith a lake frontage of 60 miles, intersected by two grand leading roads, on which more pains and labour have been bestowed than on any other roads of the same description and magnitude in the Province. The Canada Company's Huron Tract is known lo be one of the most healthy and fertile settlements in Canada. The Tract, in the year 1842, contained 7101 souls: in June last year, the Huron District numbered 20,450 souls, according lo the Official Returns, (exclusive of the Townships of Bosanquet and Williams.) The Canada Company's Tract now contains a population of 26,000 souls, showing an inciease of 18,900 ; and that the population has nearly quadrupled itself in seven years — a progress in settlement of a tract of country scarcely exceeded in any part of North America. There are sever?} German settlements in the Canada Company's Tract. The emigrant's attention is particularly directed to a separate Prospectus upon the Canada Company's Huron Lands in the German and English laniriiages, with a Map, to be had free of charge at the offices of the Emigrant Agent at Quebec, ant of the Canada Company. The Company's Lands are in Blocks, therefore affording facility for the undivided settlement of Families and Friends. The other blocks, of from 3,000 to 9,000 acres, lie in Kent and Essex, formerly the Western District, and are, in niost cases, within six to eight miles of navigable water. The roads in these Counties; owing to the proximity of navigable waters, have not hitherto been 5o closely attended to as in many other parts of the Province; excellent plankroads, however, are now in actual progress. Tlie scattered lots contain from 80 to 200 acres each, and are to be met with in almost every Township in the Province, and generally surrounded by settlements. .tu^M^a i:-..; ju 7):;i-«M)ii !;;«'> B (^i7ERY No. 20. — Price, per acre, of the Company^s Landsl Answer. — Tin; prioen of the Compfxny'n rt Lambton 8 9 a 20 •' London, Brock, ami Talbot Diiitricls, now the Countiea of Middlesex, Oxford and Norfolk 20 a 30 " Uore Diitrict, now the united Counties of Halton and Wentworth 11 3 a 20 «« Wellington, now the County of Waterloo 15 a 25 " Hume and i»imcoo Districts, low the Counties of York and Sinncoe 8 \) a 17 6 " Newcastle, Colborne, Midland, and Victoria Districts, now the Counties of Durham, Northitmberlatid, FVlerhoro', Hastings, Lennox, Addington, Frontenac, and Prince ' f:dward 8 9 a 15 " Johnstown Disti'Ct, now the Counties of Lepiis and (irenville, 2 a 15 " Bathurst, Eastern, Ottawa, and Dalhousie Districts, now the Counties of Lanark and Renfrew, Granville, Dundas and Stormont, Russell, Preecott and Carleton 2 a 12 6 " Soone few Lots in each County may be hi|{her in price than the above quotations. These Lands are offereo, or 10 Settler se. Freehold, rtn, upon lents and I may, if } Settler. QdEi.Y No. ^l.'^fHtuation nf the LaiuU selling hj the Canadian Oovcmment? Answrr. — The CJuveriunent hnvo lands in most parts of the Province. There ato but low Crown I^ois remaining unsoh' in the front Townithips, hut in the rear they are numerous. The ( Jovornment have also for sale detached Clergy Reserve Lots in moit of tho Townships surveyed previous to 1841, but the lands most worthy the attention of Immigrants are those in the Townships of Feel, Wollesloy, Maryborough, and Morn- iiiglon, covering an arna of 'i50,000 acres in tho County of Waterloo, North of the Canada Company's Tract. QuiRY No. 22. — Price per Acre of the Crovm and Clergy Reserve Lands ? Answer. — The prices vary much ; the upset price of Crown Lands generally is Rs. per acre, but those situate in the Counties of Renfrew and Bathurst, late Ikitliurst District, us also thosn in FJinchinhrooke and Palmorston, have been reduced to 4s. per acre. The prices of Lands in Peel, Welhsley, Maryborough and Mornington, as well as the Cler«;y Reserves, aro regulated hy the quality of the soil and situation ; they average from Ss. to 208. per acre, payable mien annual instalments, with interest, the lirst instalment casii down. In the last mentioned Township, it is stated there are many (Jerman R»;ltlers, and in Maryborough a German Roman Catholic Church. Full particulars of all the Crown and Clergy Lands may bo obtained from the Commissioner of Crown Lands, at Toronto, Canada West, or from the Agent residing in the locality of the Lands. QuKRv No. 03.-^ Are there any autliorized Agents appointed by Government to protect and advise Emigrants ? Answer. — Yes ; at Quebec is stationed J. C. Buchanan, Esq., Her Majesty's Chief Emigrant Agent, and in consequence of the large number of Emigrants now coming from all parts of Germany, the Canadian Government has recently appointed Mr. J. Farina, a native of Germany, to act under Mr. Buchanan, for the purpose of advising and protecting German Emigrants, who had better apply to him on their arrival at Quebec. There are also Government Emi^ant Agents at the following places : — Montreal, Mr. Connel ; Kingston, Mr. A. B. Hawke, jun. ; Toronto, A. B. Hawke, Esq., Chief Agent for Upper Canada. ed pay- ring the <.'!, Canada • which terest at 3d, that Settler, hich is prudent d of the YEARS ; always advan- ing the Route and Distance from Quebec and Ilontreal to Kingston, Toronto, and Hamilton. To Montreal, 180 miles by steamer, calling at Three Rivers, Port St. Francis, and Sorel. From nioutreal to Toronto, via tke St. Ijovnence and Kin v«ton. ' , ■ • I. To Lachine, 9 v Cascades, 23 39 Coteau du Lac 1 2 44 ,) i , Lancaster, 18 62 CorHwall, 16 78 Williamsburgh, 26 104 ' ' 1 ' '■ ■ Matilda 8 112 Prescott, 15 127 Brockville, 12 139 r '< li-r .., ' ' Gananoque, 32 171 ■• '/; Kingston 18 189 ., ,• ,, f Toronto 180 369 10 Trauiiport of EmiKraiits by the St. L.a««rr«iic«. Last year some Germans who landed at Quebec wore carried direct to the western States, without transhipment, as far as Cleveland, on Lake Erie, a distance of 700 miles at the low rate of 24s. sterling, each. Had they gone from New Vork to Albany from thence to Cleveland, they could not possibly have done so at a less cost than £2 ISs. Od. Stg., supposing even that only one dollar was paid for transport from New York to Albany. ..•r =.'■ :.i''i ':!'J .U.J Emigrants are not sufficiently aware of this, last year 213,554 persons landed at New York, and only 38,494 at Quebec ; and of the former 1700 came on to Canada at a cost very considerably more than if they had come the direct and natural way. Besides an emigrant travelling west through Canada has the advantage of always having his bag- gage under his eye, which he cannot have if he travels by Railroad through the United States. The following is the Tariff determined upon for the passage from Quebec to the following places by the Royal Mail Steamers during the Season of 1850 ; the distance to Chicago being accomplished in 10 days: while from New York to Bufialo will occupy tho same time. !j.. .1 t"' i'... :U Deck. Distance. S. D. From Quebec to Montreal..... 3 9 180 miles « " Kingston 13 9 380 .« " " (loboiirg and Port Hope 16 3 488 •' From Quebec to Toronto 18 9 560 " " «* .Hamilton, Niagara, and Queenston 21 3 600 " From Quebec to Buffalo 26 3 665 •« « « Cleveland 31 3 770 " .VvMjrr « „ Detroit : 36 3 907 « Ui Ib « « Wisconsin, Chicago, and Milwaukie 38 9 — 1622 « ■-■■ ; m Land Carriage — that is, the hire of a team of tw^o horses, waggon and driver, which will take 18 cwt. of load — may generally be reckoned at 8d. per mile to the journey's >end, supposing the team to come back empty ; cheaper land travelling than this can, however, often be obtained by making a bargain. Two steamers ply daily, in the morning and afternoon, from Lewiston, Queenston^ and Niagara, to Toronto and Hamilton, distant, thirty-six miles. There is a steamer plying thret? times a week from Rochester to Toronto, Kingston, and Hamilton. The distance by railway, from Buffalo to Lewiston, is twenty-eight miles. A steamboat plies between Buffalo and Port Stanley, touching at intermediate ports on the Canada shore, in connexion with the stcmer Brantford, of Dunnville to Brantford. This route affords an .lasy and cheap access to the Western sections of the Upper Province. Stages to and from the boat at Port Stanley for London and Goderich. The steamer Emerald plies between Buffalo and Chippewa twice a-day from whence there is railway \o Queenstoiu Steamers ply between Kingston and Toronto, and Toronto and Hamilton daily. ' \ Distance from Hamilton to Guelph, thirty-miles ; two Stages and a Post pass to and from daily. ; ; . ,■ , ■ . " . , ,, .i**,*! - ■ •v--;^. -■■■.'•• •.•^■, Note, — The prices given arc in Halifax currency, of which $1, or 5s., is equal to 8s York, or 4s. sterling. -- :». ■■,.^;,^„^ 11 The following Table of Talue in Cansula of various European Coins will be useful lo German Emigrants : Bavaria. Value in Hali- fax Currency. 6?oW-Carolin. -£1 .4 9% Maximilian 16 7 Sayer—Crovn 2 ^ 2f Rix dollar 4 8^ Kopfsluck ■> 9^ Prussia. Value in Hali> fax Currency. GoW— Ducat on 3| Frec'erick 19 lOi Silver — Rixtualer 3 6 5 Silver Groschen 6i Saxony. NOTE. As illustrative of the success which has attended settlement in Canada, it may be well to mention that in the Six Years and Five Months, from 1844 to 1st June, 1850, inclusive, upwards of £71,589 19s. 8d. were remitted through the Canada Company, by Emigrants from the British Isles and Germany, to their friends at home, to bring them out to this Province. The Number and Amount of these Remittances were as follows, viz. : — Number. Amount. Yearij. 549 £4,611 10 11 1844. 790 7,532 10 2 1845. 1,101 9.744 3 5 1846. 2,081 15,742 13 11 1847. 1,839 12,547 8 5. 1,798 12,575 13 7. 1848. 1849. 1,323 8,835 17 3 From 1st Jan'ry to 1st June, 1850. £71,589 19 8 f f r I M.. ' I'.vi 10 > Trauaport of EmiffraHta by the St. lianrreuce. Last year some Germans who landed at Quebec were carried direct to the western States, without transhipment, as far as Cleveland, on Lake Erie, a dis.'anco of 700 miles at the low rate of 24s. sterling, each. Had they gone from New York to Albany from thence to Cleveland, they could not possibly have done so at a less cost than £2 15s. Od. Stg., supposing even that only one dollar was paid for transpou from New York to Albany, ,! !•» .,.n;j ntn fft "Emerald pliea between Baffiileftnd Chippewa twice a-dUtf ^O'^^'^^ence there is railway 10 QueenstoOi ■ - • 'A J . : ^' - i Steamers ply between Kingston and Toronto, and Toronto and Hamilton daily. >> ' Distance from Hamilton to Guelph, thirty-miles ; two Stages and a Post pass to and from daily. NoTB. — The prices given are in Halifax currency, of which $1, or 5s., is equal to 8s York, or 4$. sterling. 11 The following Table of ralue in Canada of various European Coins will be useful to German Emigrants : Bavaria. Value in Hali- fax Currency. Guld- -Carolin.*** • Maximilian Silver — Crown • • • • Rix dollar •• Kopfstuck • £1 .4 16 5 4 9^, 7 9i France. Gold— Loms d'Or, 1786 £1 2 10^ Double Louis d'Or»»«' 2 5 Forty Franc piece* • • • 1 18 6 Napoleon, 20 FrancS" 19 3 Silver — Five Franc piece"" 4 8 Two Franc pieoe Franc • • ^ 1 11' i Frankfort on Maine. Go/d— Ducat Hamburgh. 11 GoW— Ducat Silver— 16 Shilling Convention Rix Dollar specie Netherlands. GoW— Lion, or 14 Florin piece Ryder 10 Florin piece Ducat 10 Guilder piece Silver — Florin Escalin Ducatoon 1 J 1 1 1 5 5 10 11 1 6 5 4i 4^ 4? 2^ 2^ oi 4;' 1 1 I k ll Hi 8 3.i 01 Prussia. GoW— Ducat Frederick Silver — Rixthaler 5 Silver Groschen* Value in Hali- fax Currency. 11 . 19 . 3 . 3\ lOi 6 6i Saxonv. GoW— Ducat, 1797 Augustus Oi 5Tiialers»» Silver — Rix Dollar Florin Croschen 11 4 19 10 4 9i 2 4i n WURTEMBURGH. Gold — Carolin Ducat • 1 4 11 Holland. Gold — Double Ryder Ryder* Ducar 10 Guilder piece 5 do. in proportion. Switzerland. 3 1 1 Gold- ■Pistole 1 Ducat of Zurich Ducat of Berne Silver — Crown of Bale Crown of Zurich 4 Franken piece Frank 1 10 11 2 11 9 6 4 5 1 5i 2i 4 li 9 H 11 4a 31 43 at the Dscat, or Rix Dollar*' Any further information required by Emigrants, also lists of the vacant Land& offered for disposal by the Company, can always be obtained, free of charge, Canada Company's Office, Toronto and Goderich, and London in England. Toronto, 1st June, 1850. 8 railway