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GENERAL ORDERS.

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MOSSE-GUAXDa,

1st January, 1886.

His Majesty has been pleased to command that,
with the view of doing the fullest justice tp Begi<-
ments, as well as to Individuals who have disr
tinguished themselves by their Bravery in Actioi^
with the Enemy, an Account of the Services of
every Begiment in the British Army shall be pub^
lished under the superintendence and direction of
the Adjutant-General ; and that this Account shall
contain the following particulars, viz.:—-'

t~s--:

— The Period and Circumstances of the Original
Formation of the Begiment ; The Stations at which it
has been from time to time employed ; The Battles,
Sieges, and other Military Operations in which it has
been engaged, particularly specifying any Achieve-
ment it may have performed, and the Colours,
Trophies, &c., it may have captured from the
Enemy.

The Names of the Officers, and the number of

Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates Killed or
Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the place and
Date of the Action.

GENERAL ORDERS.

— — The Names of those Oflficers who, in con-
sideration of their Gallant Services and Meritorious
Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have
been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other
Marks of His Mtljei^y*s gracious favour.

The Names of all such OflScers, Non-Com-
missioned Officers, and Privates, as may have
specially signalized themselves in Action.

.a. w .

' ■ ' • ' The Badges and Devices which the Begi-
ment may have been permitted' to bear, and the
Catises on Account of which such Judges or Devices,
or any other Marks of Distinction, hdve beeh
granted.

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By Command of the Bight Honorable

GENEBAL LOBD HILLi i- , ,. .,
Ccnrnnanding-in- Chief.

-.fn.:;; ■■

: John Macdonald,

1: At^ant-General.

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PREEACE.

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The character and credit of the British Army must
chiefly depend upon the zeal and ardour by which
all who enter into its service are animated, and
consequently it is of the highest importance that any
measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation,
by which alone great and gallant actions are achieved,
should be adopted. ' ' * * k. . .,j ...

Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment
of this desirable object than a full display of the noble
deeds with which the Military History of our country
abounds. To hold forth these bright examples to
the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to
incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those
who have preceded him in their honorable career,
are among the motives thitu have given rise to the
present publication. *

The operations of the British Troops are, indeed,
announced in the " London Gazette," from whence
they are transferred into the public prints: the
achievements of our armies are thus made known at
the time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute

PREFACE.

of praise and admiration to which they are entitled.
On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament
have been in the hab;t of conferring on the Com-
manders, and the Officers and Troops acting under
their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks
for their skill and bravery ; and these testimonials,
confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's
approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier
most highly prizes.

It has not, however, until late years, been the prac-
tice (which appears to have long prevailed in some of
the Continental armies) for British Regiments to keep
regular records of their services and achievements..
Hence some difficulty has been experienced in obtain-
ing, particularly from the old Regiments, an au-
thentic account of their origin and subsequent services.

This defect will now be remedied, in consequence
of His Majesty having been pleased to command
that every Regiment shall, in future, keep a full and
ample record of its services at home and abroad.

From the materials thus collected, the country
will henceforth derive information as to the difficulties
and privations which chequer the career of those who
embrace the military profession. In Great Britain,
where so large a number of persons are devoted to
the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures,
and commerce, and where these pursuits have, for so

PREFACE.

long a period, being undisturbed by the presence of
waff which few other countries have escaped, com-
paratively little is known of the vicissitudes of active
service and of the casualties of climate, to which,
even during peace, the British Troops are exposed in
every part of the globe, with little or no interval of
repose. ,, ,•■: ^. :..-:,,. . , .... ;-.;

In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which
the country derives from the industry and the enter-
prise of the agriculturist and the trader, its happy
inhabitants may be supposed not often to reflect on
the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor, — on
their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valuable life,
by which so many national benefits are obtained and
preserved. , ; y, , / ,

The conduct of the British Troops, their valour,
and endurance, have shone conspicuously under great
and trying difficulties ; and their character has been
established in Continental warfare by the irresistible
spirit with which they have effected debarkations in
spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the
gallantry and steadiness with which they have main-
tained their advantages against superior numbers.

In the official Reports made by the respective Com-
manders, ample justice has generally been done to
the gallant exertions of the Corps employed; but
jthe details of their services and of acts of individual

PREFACE.

bravery can only be fully given in the Annals of the
various Regiments. * '

These Records are now preparing for publication,
under his Majesty's special authority, by Mr.
Richard Cannon, Principal Clerk of the Adjutant
General's Office ; and while the perusal of them can-
not fail to be useful and interesting to military men
of every rank, it is considered that they will also
afford entertainment and information to the general
reader, particularly to those who may have served in
the Army, or who have relatives in the Service.

There exists in the breasts of most of those who
have served, or are serving, in the Army, an Esprit
de Corps — an attachment to everything belonging
to their Regiment ; to such persons a narrative of
the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove
interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of
the great, the valiant, the loyal, have always been
of paramount interest with a brave and civilized
people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes
who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood
" firm as the rocks of their native shore :'* and when
half the world has been arrayed against them, they
have fought the battles of their Country with un-
shaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of
achievements in war, — victories so complete and sur-
prising, gained by our countrymen, our brothers,

PREFACE.

of the

our fellow citizens in arms, — a record which revives
the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant
deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to
the public.

Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other
distinguished Officers will be introduced in the
Records of their respective Regiments, and the
Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to
time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testify-
ing the value and importance of its services, will be
faithfully set forth.

As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record
of each Regiment will be printed in a distinct num-
ber, so that when the whole shall be completed, the
Farts may be bound up in numerical succession.

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INTRODUCTION

THE INFANT'RY.

The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been
celebxated for innate courage and unshaken firmness,
and the national superiority of the British troops
over those of other countries has been evinced in
the midst of the most imminent perils. History con-
tains so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery,
that no doubts can be raised upon the facts which
are recorded. It must therefore be admitted, that
the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is
Intrepidity. This quality was evinced by the
inhabitants of England when their country was
invaded by Julius Caesar with a Roman army, on
which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into
the sea to attack the Roman soldiers as they de-
scended from their ships; and, although their dis-
cipline and arms were inferior to those of their
adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing
intimidated the flower of the Roman troops, in-
cluding Caesar's favourite tenth legion. Their arms
.consisted of spears, short swords, and other weapons
of rude construction. They had chariots, to the

INTRODUCTION

axles of which were fastened sharp pieces of iron
resembling scythe-blades, and infantry in long
chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and
fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit
or retreat, sprang into the chariot and drove off
with the speed of cavalry. These inventions were,
however, unavailing against Caesar's legions: in
the course of time a military system, with dis-
cipline and subordination, was introduced, and
British courage, being thus regulated, was exerted
to the greatest advantage; a full development of
the national character followed, and it shone forth
in all its native brilliancy. stg'i^csv^

-^ The military force of the Anglo Saxons consisted
principally of infantry: 'Thanes, and other men of
property, however, fought on horseback. The
infantry were of two classes, heavy and light.
The former carried lai^e shields armed with spikes,
long broad swords and spears ; and the latter ..were
armed with swords or spears only. They had also
men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and
javelins. -'' '*'•'■' '"'- -■'■■—=•■

The feudal troops established by William the
Conqueror consisted (as already stated in the Intro-
duction to the Cavalry) almo&t entirely of horse ;
but when the warlike barons and knights, with their
trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a pro-
portion of men appeared on foot, and, although
these were of inferior degree, they proved stout-
hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When stipen-
diary troops were employed, infantry always con-
stituted a considerable portion of the military force ;

TO THE INFANTRY.

and this arme has since acquired, in every quarter
of the globe, a celebrity never exceeded by the
armies of any nation at any period.

The weapons carried by the infantry, during the
several reigns succeeding the Conquest, were bows
and arrows, half-pikes, lances, halberds, various
kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour
was worn on the head and body, and in course of
time the practice became general for military men
to be so completely cased in steel, that it wa«
almost impossible to slay them.

The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the
destructive purposes of war, in the early part of the
fourteenth century, produced a change in the arms
and equipment of the infantry-soldier. Bows and
arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but
British archers continued formidable adversaries;
and owing to the inconvenient construction and im-
perfect bore of the fire-arms when first introduced,
a body of men, well trained in the use of the bow
from their youth, was considered a valuable acqui-
sition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth
century. ^-.^^ ./;•"! ^

During a great part of the reign of Queen Eliza-
beth each company of infantry usually consisted of
men armed five different ways ; in every hundred
men forty were " men-at-arms^^ and sixty " shot ,•"
the " men-at-arms" were ten halberdiers, or battle-
axe men, and thirty pikemen ; and the " shot" were
twenty archers, twenty musketeers, and twenty
harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides his
principal weapon, a sword and dagger.

••*.

INTRODUCTION

Companies of infantry varied at this period in
numbers from 150 to 300 men ; each company had
a colour or ensign, and the mode of formation re-
commended by an English military writer (Sir John
Smithe) in 1590 was : — the colour in the centre of
the company guarded by the halberdiers ; the pike*
men in equal proportions, on each flank of the
halberdiers: half the musketeers on each flank of
the pikes ; half the archers on each flank of the mus-^
keteers, and the harquebusiers (whose arms were
much lighter than the muskets then in use) in equal
proportions on each flank of the company for skirmish-
ing.* It was customary to unite a number of com-
panies into one body, called a Regiment, which
frequently amounted to three thousand men: but
each company continued to carry a colour. Nume-
rous improvements were eventually introduced in the
construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found
impossible to make armour proof against the muskets
then in use (which carried a very heavy ball) without
its being too weighty for the soldier, armour was
gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seven-
teenth century : bows and arrows also fell into dis-
use, and the infantry were reduced to two classes,
viz.: musketeers^ armed with matchlock muskets,

* A company of 200 men would appear thus : —

20 20 20 30 2K) 30 20

20 20

Harqaebiuet. Atchen. Muskets. Pikes. Halberds. Pikes. Muskets. Aichers. Harquebuses.

The musket carried a ball which weighed ^th of a pound ; and the
harquebus a ball which weighed y^th of a pound.

TO THE INFANTRY.

Xlll

swords, and daggers ; and pikemen, armed with pikes
from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords.

In the early part of the seventeenth century
Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, reduced the
strength of regiments to 1000 men ; he caused the
gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in
flasks, or in small wooden bandoliers, each contain-
ing a charge, to be made up into cartridges, and
carried in pouches; and he formed each regiment
into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division
ci' pikemen. He also adopted the practice of form-
ing four regiments into a brigade ; and the number
of colours was afterwards reduced to three in each
regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that
his infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated
Polish horsemen and Austrian cuirassiers; and his
armies became the admiration of other nations. His
mode of formation was copied by the English,
French, and other European states ; but . so great
was the prejudice in favour of ancient customs, that
all his improvements were not adopted until near a
century afterwards. , *.

In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-
service, styled the Admiral's regiment. In 1678
each company of 100 men usually consisted of 30
pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with
light firelocks. In this year the King added a com-
pany of men armed with hand-grenades to each of
the old British regiments, which was designated the
" grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived
as to fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets

^- ^ .

INTRODUCTION

similar to those at present in use were adopted about
twenty years afterwards. ' < * « ' » > « -

An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by
order of King James II., to guard the artillery, and
was designated the Royal Fusiliers (now 7th Foot).
This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did
not carry pikes. v

f :King William III. incorporated the Admiral's
regiment in the second Foot Guards, and raised
two Marine regiments for sea-service. During the
war in this reign, each company of infantry (ex-
cepting the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14
pikemen and 46 musketeers; the captains carried
pikes ; lieutenants, partisans ; ensigns, half-pikes ;
and Serjeants, halberds. After the peace in 1697 the
Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again
formed on the breaking out of the war in 1702.*

During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were
laid aside, and every infantry soldier was armed
with a musket, bayonet, and sword ; the grenadiers
ceased, about the same period, to carry hand gre-
nades ; and the regiments were directed to lay aside
their third colour : the corps of Royal Artillery was
first added to the Army in this reign.

About the year 1745, the men of the battalion
companies of infantry ceased to carry swords ; during

■1

* The 30th, Slst, and 32nd Regiments were formed aa Marine corps
in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign of
Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under
Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and
in its subsequent defence in 1704 ; they were afterwards employed at
the siege of Barcelona in 1705.

TO THE INFANTRY.

the reign of George II. light cOBipanies Were added
to ittfkntry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of
General Officers recommended that the grenadiers
should lay aside their swords, as that weapon had
never been used during the seven years' war. Since
that period the arms of the infantry soldier have been
limited to the musket and bayonet <m

Thd arms and equipment of the British troops have
seldom differed materially, since the Conquest, from
those of other European states ; and in some respects
the arming has, at certain periods, been allowed to
be inferior to that of the nations with whom they
have had to contend ; yet, under this disadvantage,
the bravery and superiority of the British infantry
have been evinced on very many and most trying
occasions^ and splendid victories have been gained
over very superior numbers.

Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like
champions who have dared to confront a host of
foes, and have proved themselves valiant with any
arms. At Creci/ King ]Bdward III., at the head of
about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August^
1346, Philip King of France, whose army is said to
have amounted to 100,000 men ; here British valour
encountered veterans of renown : — the King of Bo-
hemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and
nobles were slain, and the French army was routed
and cut to pieces. Ten years afterwards, Edward
Prince of Wales, who was designated the Black
Prince, defeated, at PoictierSy with 14,000 men,
a French army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry,
and took John I, King of France, and his son

XVI

INTRODUCTION

Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, 1415,
King Henry. v., with an army of about 13,000
men, although greatly exhausted by marches, pri-
vations, and sickness, defeated, at Agincourty the
Constable of France, at the head of the flower of
the French nobility and an army said to amount to
60,000 men, and gained a complete victory.

During the seventy years' war between the United
Provinces of the Netherlands and the Spanish mo-
narchy, which commenced in 1578 and terminated
in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the
States-General were celebrated for their uncon-
querable spirit and firmness;* and in the thirty
years' war between the Protestant Princes and the
Emperor of Germany, the British troops in the ser-
vice of Sweden and other states were celebrated for
deeds of heroism.f In the wars of Queen Anne,
the fame of the British army under the great
Marlborough was spread throughout the world;
and if we glance at the achievements performed
within the memory of persons now living, there is
abundant proof that the Britons of the present age
are not inferior to their ancestors in the qualities

* The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed
in 1590, observes: — " I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation
would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the field,
let them be chosen where they list." Yet at this time the S|)anish
infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. For
instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during the
Seventy Years' War, see the Historical Record of the Third Foot, or
Butis.

t Vide the Historical Record of the First^ or Royal Regiment of
Foot.

TO THE INFANTBY.

xvH

• uncon-

which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds
of the brave men, of whom there are many now
surviving, who fought in Egypt in 1801, under the
brave Abercromby, and compelled the French army,
which had been vainly styled Invincihle, to eva-
cuate that country ; also the services of the gallant
Troops during the arduous campaigns in the Penin-
sula, under the immortal Welunqton; and the
determined stand made by the British Army at
Waterloo, where Napoleon Bonaparte, who had
long been the inveterate enemy of Great Britain,
and had sought and planned her destruction by
every means he could devise, was compelled to
leave his vanquished legions to their fate, and to
place himself at the disposal of the British Govern-
ment These achievements, with others of recent
dates in the distant climes of India, prove that the
same valour and constancy which glowed in the
breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Poictiers, Agincourt,
Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the
Britons of the nineteenth century.

The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust
and muscular frame, — intrepidity which no danger
can appal, — unconquerable spirit and resolution, —
patience in fatigue and privation, and cheerful obe-
dience to his superiors. These qualities, united with
an excellent system of order and discipline to regu-
late and give a skilful direction to the energies and
adventurous spirit of the hero, and a wise selection
of officers of superior talent to command, whose
presence inspires confidence, — -have been the leading
causes of the splendid victories gained by the British

XVUl

INTRODUCTION

arms.* The fame of the deeds of the past and
present generations in the various battle-fields where
the robust sons of Albion have fought and conquered,
surrounds the British arms with a halo of glory ;
these achievements will live in the page of history to
the end of time.

The records of the several regiments will be found
to contain a detail of facts of an interesting character,
connected with the hardships, suiTerings, and gallant
exploits of British soldiers in the various parts of the
world, where the calls of their Country and the com-
mands of their Sovereign have required them to
proceed in the execution of their duty, whether in

* '* Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes
the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in Egypt to
that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons ; but His Mi^esty
desires it mfly be most solemnly and forcibly inqiressedon the consideration
of every part of the army, that it has been a strict observance of order, di*-
cipline, and military system, which has given the full energy to the
native valour of the troops, and has enabled them proudly to assert the
superiority of the national military character, in situations uncommonly
arduous, and under circumstances of peculiar diflSculty." — Oeneral
Orders in 1801.

In the General Orders issued by Lieut-General Sir John Hope (after-
wards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the successful result
of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, 1809, it is stated :-^" On
no occasion has the undaunted ralour of British troops ever been more
manifest. At the termination of a severe and harassing march, ren-
dered necessary by the superiority which the enemy had acquired, and
which had materially impaired the efficiency of the troops, many disad-
vantages were to be encountered. These have all been surmounted by
the conduct of the troops themselves ; and the enemy has been taughti
that whatever advantages of position or of numbers he may possess, there
is inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows not
how to yield, — that no circumstances can appal, — and that will ensure
victory, when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any human means."

TO TIIE INFANTRY.

xix

active continental operation!, or in maintaining colo*
nial territoriei in diitant and unfavourable climes.

The superiority of the British infantry has been
pre-eminently set forth in the wars of six centuries,
and admitted by the greatest commanders which
Europe has produced. The formations and move-
ments of this arme, as at present practised, while
they are adapted to every species of warfare, and to
all probable situations and circumstances of service,
are calculated to show forth the brilliancy of military
tactics calculated upon mathematical and scientific
principles. Although the movements and evolutions
have been 'copied fVom the continental armies, yet
various improvements have from time to time been
introduced, to insure that simplicity and celerity by
which the superiority of the national military cha-
racter is maintained. The rank and influence which
Great Britain has attained among the nations of the
world, have in a great measure been purchased by
the valour of the Army, and to persons who have the
welfare of their country at heart, the records of the
several regiments cannot fail to prove interesting.

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HISTORICAL RECORD

or TBI

SEVENTY-SECOJiD REGIMENT,

««.

THE DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN lIIGnLANDEtS;

OOlCTAIIflNO

AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATfON OF THK RKOIMK.>T

IN 177K,

AND OF ITS 8DBSEyL'L;T iJERYICES

TO 18A8.

OOMPILID Vt

RICHARD CANNON, Esq.

ADJCTANT-OEMERAL's office, HC aSE ai7ABD><

I LLUSTRATED WITH PLATES.

LONDON :
PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PAKKEIl,

30 CHARING CROSS.

M IKCC XLVIII.

. fi'/Zv-J^:-:-'^ .^i^-y'/-.

.«•?«.

a ,-^;"^.

I I

tOKSOMi PBINTSD BY W. CL0WI8 AHD iOMS, STAMrOBS 8TBUT,

rOB HEB majiitt'i stationibt offici.

THE SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT,

OB '._ ^■',._._,_

l.-'E DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN HIGHLANDERS,

B>AM ox m MOIMltMIAt COLOUR

TUB DUKS'tl CIPHER AND CORONET
AS A BSOINENTi^L badge;

AUOXHIVOHD

♦• HINDOOSTAN,"

IN COMMEMORATION OF ITR nRVIOM IN TBE EAST INDIES FBOH
1781 TO 1798 ;

AMD THE WOBM

"CAPE OF GOOD HOPE,"

IN COMMEMORATION Off IT! SERVICES AT TBE CAPTtmE Ot THAT COLONY

ZN isoe.

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT.
DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN HIGHLANDERS.

( « > -v^

CONTENTS OF HISTORICAL RECORD.

Y«A« Introduction

1778 Formation of the Regiment

The Earl of Seafurth appointed Lieutenant-

Colonel Commandant ....

Officers appointed to Commissions . .

Establishment and National Composition .

Assembled and inspected at Elgin . .

Marched to Edinburgh ....

Embarked for Jersey and Guernsey .

1779 Defended Jersey against a French Naval force

1781 Embarked for Portsmouth ....
^for the East Indies . .

The Earl of Seaforth. died on the passage .

Casualties on the voyage to India . . .

1782 Arrived at Madras

1783 Joined the army destined for the attack of

Cudalore. ....
• Attack of the fortress of Cudalore • .

Peace concluded with France .

Decease of Hyder Ali, and succession of his

son, Tippoo Saib

Negotiations of Peace with Tippoo Saib ,

Paoi
X.N\ill

4
6
6

1
8
9

XXVI

CONTENTS.

YiAm

1783 Decease of Colonel Humberston •
-— Major General James Murray appointed Lieut.

Colonel Commandant ....
— — Advanced into the Mysore country .

Capture of the fortress of Falacatcherry .

■ Capture of the fortress of Coimbetore

1784 Termination of the War in India

1 785 Re-formation of the Regiment by volunteers from

other Corps ....

1786 The numerical title altered from Seventh-eighth

to the Seventy-second Regiment .

1787 Establishment increased

1789 War with Tippoo Saib recommenced.

1790 Marched to. Trichinopoly . .

Advanced to Caroor, and encamped .

Marched to Daraporam ....

Thence to Coimbetore ....

Flank Companies of Seventy-first and Seventy'

second Regiments engaged in the siege of
Falacatcherry

Advanced from Coimbetore to Velladi

Returned to Coimbetore .

— — Capture of Falacatcherry .

Advanced from Coimbetore to Erroad

Traversed extensive districts in pursuit of tlie

Sultan Tippoo Saib

Returned to the Camatic .

Arrived and encamped at Arnee. .

1791 General the Earl Cornwallis assumed the

mand of the army ... . .

Advanced to Vellore ....

Traversed the pass of Mooglee .

Marched towards the fortress of Bangalore

Storming and capture of Bangalore .

-— — Received the thanks of Earl Cornwallis

com

Pam
9

10
11

13
14
15

18
20

CONTENTS.

ZXVll

YlAB

1791

1792

1798
1794

1795

Joined by the Nizam'g Troops .

Advanced towards SeriDgapiuiam .

Returned to Bangalore ....

Storming and capture of Savendroog.

■ of Outra-Durgum .

Again completed by recruits from Scotland

Marched for Seringapatam . . « .

Orossed the Lolcany River ....

Victory over the army of Tippoo Saib .

Terminationof the War ....

Marched from Seringapatam to Wallajabad

Proceeded against Fondicherry .

Returned to Wallajabad ....

Mi^or General A. Williamson appointed to the
Colonelcy in succession to General Murray,
deceased .........

Embarlced from Fort St. George, and proceeded
against Ceylon

Siege and capture of Trincomalee . •

Surrender of Batticaloe

of Manaar

1796
1797
1798

-of Colombo

1801
1802
1808
1804
1805

Removed to Fondicherry .....
Embarlced at Madras for England
Arrived at Gravesend and proceeded to Scotland
Authorised to bear the word " ffindoostan"

on its Colours and Appointments . . .
Mtgor General James Stuart appointed to the

Colonelcy in succession to Gren. Williamson,

deceased .

Embarked for Ireland ......

Establishment reduced after the Feaceof Amiens
War with France recommenced ....

Second Battalion formed in Scotland . . .
First Battalion formed part of an expedition

under General Sir David Baird .

Paoi

21
22
23
25
26
27

28
80
81

32
33

xxviii

<50NTBNTS.

YlAK

1805

1806

1807
1809

1810

1814
1815

1816
1817

Arrived in the Bay of Funchal in Madeira . 87
Sailed to the Brazils, where the troops were
landed at Sti Salvador for a few hours for

■ refreshment —

Proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope . . —

Effected a landing at Lospard's Bay ... 88
Advanced against the Dutch troops . . .89
Expression of thanks and compliments to the

Highland Brigade 40

Authorised to bear the words " Cape of Good

Kope" on its Colours and Appointments . 41
Surrender of the colony of the Cape of Good

Hope to the British Crown .... 42

Stationed at Cape Town for three years . , —

Discontinued the Highland Costume ... 48

Second Battalion embarlced for Ireland . . —

Marched from Cape Town to Stellinbosch . —
Formed part of an Expedition with troops from

India against the Mauritius .... —

Surrender oS the Mauritius .... —
Remained at the Mauritius upwards of three

years . . • —^

Embarked for the Cape of Good Hope . . 44

Appointment of Lieut.> General Lord Hill to *

the Colonelcy, in succession to General

Stuart, deceased 45

Embarked for Bengal ...... 46

Be-embarked for the Mauritius. ... — ■

Proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope . . —

Disbandment of the Second Battalion . . —
Appointment of Major-General Sir George

Murray to the Colonelcy, in succession to

■ General Lord Hill, removed to the Fifty-
second regiment ...... 47

Proceeded to Algoa'bay, and engaged in detach-
ments against the Kafirs ... . — >-

CONTENTS. XXlX

1819 Detachment engaged with a party of Kafira;

Captain Gethin killed . . • . . 48
1821 Embarked for England 49

1821 Received the thanks of the Governor of the

Cape of Good Hope >—

1822 Arrived at Portsmouth —

1823 Proceeded to Jersey and Guernsey ... —

Appointment of Lieut.-General Sir John Hope

to the Colonelcy, in succession to Lieut.-
General Sir George Murray, removed to ' ^
the Forty-second Royal Highland Regiment —

Authorised by King George IV. to resume the

Highland Costume, the Officers and men
wearing Trews instead of KiltSf and to bear
the title of " The Duke ef Albany's own
Highlanders" 50

1824 Embarked for Plymouth —

Authorized by King George IV., to assume as

- a regimental badge, the Duke of Albany*s

J Cipher and Coronet —

Embarked for Scotland —

1825 Presentation of New Colours . . . . 51

Embarked for Ireland ...... 52

1827 Formed into six Service Companies and four

Depdt Companies —

-i — Service Companies embarked for Liverpool, and

marched to London — ^

1 828 Reviewed in St. James's Park ■ . . . . ~^

Marched to Canterbury, and inspected by

General Lord Hill, Commanding in Chief . 53

■ Embarked for the Cape of Good Hope . . —
1830 Dep6t Companies removed from Ireland to

Scotland —

1833 Service Companies engaged in war with the

Kafir tribes —

XXX CONTENTS.

YsAS. Pa«i

1835 Depdt Companies proceed to Ireland. . • 55
1838 Service Companies continued on active service

at the Cape of Good Hope .... —
Depdt Companies returned to Scotland • . —

1840 Siervice Companies returned to England . . 56
Service and Depdt Companies re-united . . —

Expression of approbation of the conduct of the

Regiment by the Governor of the Cape of

Good Hope —

1841 Proceeded from Portsmouth to Windsor . . 67

1842 Presentation of New Colours by Field Marshal

the Duke of Wellington, at Windsor Castle,

in presence of Her Majesty Queen ;

Victoria, the Prince Albert, the King of ,

Prussia, &c. —

■ ' - Marched into Lancashire 60

1843 Embarked for Ireland —

1844 Formed into six Service, and four Depdt Com-

panies —

ServiQC Companies embarked for Gibraltar . —

1847 Depdt Companies removed from Ireland to

Scotland —

1848 Service Companies embarked for the West

Indies ........ ->-

Arrived at Barbadoes ...... 61

Depdt Companies embarked from Scotland . —

Arrived at Sheerness —

— — The Conclusion ....... —

CONTENTS.

XXXI

SEVENTY-SECOND IL >IMENT,

DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN HIGHLANDERS.

SUCCESSION OP LIEUTENANT-COLONELS
COMMANDANT AND COLONELS.

Y«A« Pam

1777 Kenneth, Earl of Seaforth . . . . . 63

1782 Thomas F. M. Humberaton . . . . —

1786 James Murray 65

1794 Adam Williamson 66

1798 James Stuart 67

1815 Rowland Lord Hill 69

1817 George Murray 70

1823 John Hope . —

1836 Colin Campbell 71

1847 Neil Douglas 72

PLATES.

Costume of the Regiment .... to face t

Colours of the Regiment „ 62

INTRODUCTION

TO TUB

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT.

Ab several corps have, at successive period?,
within the last century, been borne on the es-
tablishment of the Army, and numbered Seventy-
second regiment, it is considered necessary to
prefix to the Historical Record of the services of
the Regiment, which at present bears the title of
the ** Seventy -second Highlanders^** the following
explanatory details, in order to prevent the blend-
ing, or misconception, of the merits and services
of corps which, although bearing the same nu-
merical title, have been totally distinct and
unconnected.

y:''^. t/'.

; 1. — In April, 1768, the Second Battalions of
fifteen regiments of infantry, from the 3rd to the
d7th, were directed to be formed into distinct
regiments, and to be numbered from the 61st to
the 75th successively, as shown in the following
list, viz.: — • . ! , '

XXXIV

INTRODUCTION TO THE

3nd Batt. 8rd Foot, constituted
u 61it Regimont.
,, 4th M 62nd ,,
, , 8th M 63rd , ,
,, nth u 64th ,,
, , 12th u 66th , ,

2nd Batt. 19th Foot, constituted
u 66th Regiment.
, , 20th M 67th , ,
, , 2Srd M 68th , ,
, , 24th M 69th
, . 31st M 70th , ,

The Second Battalion of the S2nd waa constituted the 71st Regiment,
», .. 88rd ,, ,, the 72nd ,,

,, ,, S4th ,, ,, the78rd ,,

,, .. 36th ,, „ the 74th ,,

M . , 37th , , , , the 76th , ,

The above 71st, 72nd, 73rcl, 74th, and 75th
regiments M^ere disbanded in the year 1763, after
the peace of Fontainebleau.

The Seventy-second Regiment, formed in 1758,
was constituted, as above shown, from the Second
Battalion of the Thirty-third regiment, and Major
General the Duke of Richmond was appointed
the colonel. It was disbanded on the 29th of
August, 1763.

2. — On the commencement of the American
war in 1775, additional forces were raised, and
the number of the regular regiments of infantry,
which had been reduced in 1763 to Seventy^ was
increased to One Hundred and Five, exclusive of
1 1 unnumbered regiments, and 36 independent
companies of invalids.

In the year 1777* a corps was authorised to be
raised at the expense of the town of Manchester,
consisting of ten companies of one hundred men
per company; it was numbered the Seventy-second

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT.

XXXV

Regiment, or Royal Manchester Volunteers, com-
manded by Colonel Charles Mawhood, and was
placed on the establishment of the army in Decem-
ber, 1777. The Regiment embarked at Portsmouth
for Gibraltar on the 28th April, 1778, and was
employed in the memorable siege of that fortress
from 1779 to 1782, and continued on duty in that
garrison until th • early part of the year 1783,
when the Spaniards abandoned their attempts to
regain possession either by force or stratagem.
The regiments at Gibraltar were relieved in the
spring of 1783, and the Seventy-second Regiment,
to which Major-General Charles Ross had been
appointed, in October, 1780, in succession to
Colonel Mawhood, deceased, returned to England
in 1783.

The number of infantry regiments was again
reduced in 1783, after the termination of hostilities
with America, by the treaty of peace concluded
at Paris on the 30th of November, 1782, and
when peace had also been concluded with France,
Spain, and Holland ; the Seventysecondy or Royal
Manchester Volunteers^ was disbanded on the 9th
of September, 1783.

3. — The disbandment of certain regiments after
the conclusion of the general peace in 1783, oc-
casioned an alteration in the numerical titles of
certain regiments, which were retained on the
reduced establishment of the army : the Seventy-

XXXV 1

INTRODUCTION.

third was directed to be numbered the Seventy-
first Regiment ; the Seventy-eighth to be numbered
the Seventy- second Regiment ; and the Second
Battalion of the Forty-second to be constituted the
Seventy-third Regiment. These corps had been
raised in Scotland, in 1777> and denominated
Highland Regiments.

They embarked for India in 1779 and 1781;
the alterations took place in 1786 in their nu-
merical titles, which were regulated by the dates
at which they were placed on the establishment
of the Army, viz. : —

7l8t late 73rd Highland Regiment on 19th December, 1777
72nd late 78th , , on 29th December, 1777

73rd late Second Battalion of the 42nd Royal Highland Regiment

raised in 1779,and constituted the 73rd Regiment on the 18tb April,

1786.

The details of the services of the present
Seventy-second Regiment^ or The Duke of Albany's
oirni Highlanders^ are contained in the following
pages; the histories of the 71st and 73rd Regi-
ments are given in distinct numbers.

1848.

r&U Jlni&,,,tauS*.Str*«d

SEVEITTY SECONB
OR
BUKE OF ALBANY^ OWN

HIGHLLANDIERS .

For CjOLnJlona i{ihXaJjRt<~07vls

HISTORICAL RECORD

OF THE , ; ,.«..-

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT;

OR THE

DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN HIGHLANDERS.

ORIGINALLY NUMBERED AS THE SEVENTY-EIGHTH HIGHLAND

REGIMENT ON 11 - FORMATION IN 1778,

AND AFTERWARDS NUMBERED THE SEVENTY-SECOND

HIGHLAND REGIMENT IN .786.

The Highlanders of Scotland have long been cole- 1778
brated for the possession of every military virtue, and
the services of the warlike natives of North Britain have
been consequently sought by foreign potentates on
many and important occasions, when the less martial
spirit of the people of other states would not enable
them to contend against their oppressors. The achieve-
ments of the Scots regiments, which fought in the
armies of France and Sweden, and of the celebrated
Scots Brigade in the service of the United Provinces
of the Netherlands, are recorded in the mihtary histories
of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ; and the
annals of the last hundred years abound in instances
in which the Scots troops in the British army have dis-
played, in every quarter of the globe, the qualities
of intrepidity, valour, and temperance, which adorn
the national character of the natives of North Britain.
The Seventy-Second regiment, or Thk Duke cp

'Mi

HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUE

1778 Albany's own Highlanders, is one of the corps which
has performed valuable services to the crown and king-
dom; its formation took place in 1778, under the
following circumstances : —

William, fifth Earl of Seaforth, having engaged
in the rebellion of 1715, was afterwards included in the
acts of attainder, and forfeited his title and estate. His
eldest son, however, became a zealous advocate for the
Protestant succession, and supported the government
during the rebellion in 1745; his grandson, Kenneth
Mackenzie, was permitted to re-purchase the estate
from the Crown, — and was created an Irish peer, in
J 766, by the title of Baron Ardeloe, in the county of
Wicklow, and Viscount Fortrose, in Scotland, — and in
1771, he was advanced to the dignity of Earl op
Seaforth, which had been long enjoyed by his ances-
tors. The American war commenced in 1775, and the
Earl of Seaforth, in gratitude for the favours he
had received, made an oiTer to His Majesty, to raise a
regiment of foot on his estate, which, in former times,
had been able to furnish a thousand men in arms. This
offer was accepted in December, 1777; the Earl of
Seaforth received a letter of service to raise a regi-
ment of foot, of which he was appointed Lieut. -Colonel
Commandant, and in January, 177B,' the following
officers received commissions : — - •

Zwu/.-CSo^.-CommanciEin/, Kbnmbth, Eabl or Sbafobth.
I'i I' ilfa;or, James Stuart, (irom Capt. 64th Regt.). '
*e-'i!Vi. -:;,. ii-iHifo ..■ Captaina, -'-.''•- ':<.■

Tho8. F. Mackenzie Humberston George Mackenzie

Hugh Frazer

Robert Lumsdaine
Peter Agnew
Kenneth Mackenzie*

Hon. Thomas Maitland
Charles Halkettt

From the Dutch service.

f From the Austrian service.

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS.

Captain Lieutenant, Thomas Frazer. ,
Lieutenants.

1778

Donald Moody
William Suttierland
Colin Mackenzie
Kenneth Mackenzie
Patrick Haggard
Thomaa Mackenzie
George Inner*
Charlei M" uregor
David Melville
George Gordon
Jamei Gualie

Jamei Stewart
Jamei Finney
Aulay M" Aulay
Malcomb M°Phcr8on

George Mackenzie
Charles Gladoning
William Sinclair
Charles Mackenzie
John Campbell
James Stewart
Robert Marshall
Philip Anstruther ^
Kenneth Macrae
John M" Innes

Ensigns.

Staff.

Chaplain, Wm. Mackenzie
Surgeon, Walters

Robert Gordon
John Mitchell
Ewen M" Linnan
George Gordon

Adjutant, James Finney
Quar.-Mr. George Gunn

Tbo ostablishment was to consist of fifty Serjeants, two
pipers, twenty drummers and fifcrs, and a thousand and
ten rank and file.

The men were principally raised from the clan of
" Caber Fei/" as the Mackenzies were called from the
stag's horns on the armorial bearings of Seaforth. Five
hundred men were from the Earl of Seaforth's own
estates, and about four hundred from the estates of the
Mackenzies of Scatwell, Kilcoy, Applecross, and Red-
castle, all of whom had sons or brothers holding com-
missions in the regiment : the officers from the Lowlands
broughtupwards of two hundred, of whom seventy-four
were English and Irish. The clan Macrae had long
been faithful followers of the Seaforth family, and on
this occasion the nameVas so general in the regiment,
that it was frequently designated the regiment of" the
Macraei.*'

SIfT

? «a

ft HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1778 On the 15th of May the Earl of Seaforth's regi-
ment assembled at Elgin, in Moray, amounting to one
thousand and forty-one rank and file ; it was inspected
by Major-general Robert Skene, adjutant-general in
North Britain, and the men were found so remarkably
effective and fit for His Majesty's service, that nearly
every one was accepted : the corps was placed on the
establishment of the regular army under the designation
of "Seaforth's Highlanders;" the supernumerary
men were formed into a recruiting company, and the
regiment received orders to march southward, for the
purpose of embarking for the East Indies. It soon
afterwards obtained the numerical title of the
" Seventv-eighth Regiment."

Towards the end of July, the regiment was ordered
to Edinburgh Castle ; and on its arrival there, the men
began to show symptoms of dissatisfaction ; the result
of investigation proved that some of them had not re-
ceived their bounty, and that others had contrived to
obtain it twice, which was the more easily accomplished
in consequence of so many men being of the same name.
Full attention being paid to their claims, they em-
barked at Leith shortly afterwardb, with much cheer-
fulness, being highly gratified in consequence of their
commander, the Earl of Seaforth, being about to
accompany them on service.

The departure of the regiment was however de-
layed. The king of France had taken part with the
revolted British provinces in North America, and had
commenced hostilities against Great Britain ; when the
French settlements in Bengal were seized by detach-
ments of troops from Calcutta; and Pondicherry was
besieged and captured with so little loss, that it did not
appear necessary to send additional troops to India at

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS.

de-

the

had

the

ach-

was

not

I. at

that time. The regiment was ordered to Jersey and 1778
Guernsey, where it arrived towards the end of Novem-
ber, five companies being stationed at each island.

On the Ist of May, 1779, a French naval force ap- 1779
proached the island oi Jersey, and made preparations
for landing a body of troops in St. Owen's bay ; when
the five companies of Seaforth's regiment, with some
of the militia of the island, hastened to the spot,
dragging some artillery with them through the heavy
sands, and opened so well-directed a fire, that the
French soldiers returned to their ships, and quitted the
coast, followed by several British vessels of war, which
inflicted a severe loss on the enemy. The defeat of
the enemy's designs on this occasion was in a great
measure owing to the zeal and efforts of Major Thomas
Frederick Mackenzie Humberston of Seaforth's regi-
ment, who had been promoted from captain to second
major, on the 22nd of March, 1779.

The regiment remained at Jersey and Guernsey 1781
during 1780, and the early part of the following year,
in which time, circumstances had occurred in India,
which occasioned its removal to that part of the British
dominions.

Hyder a LI, a soldier of fortune, had risen to the
chief command of the army of the ruler of Mysore, and
when the rajah died, leaving his eldest son a minor, the
commander-in-chief assumed the title of guardian of
the young pi'ince, whom he placed under restraint, and
seized on the reins of government. Having a consi-
derable territory under his control, he maintained a
formidable military establishment, which he endea-
voured to bring into a high state of discipline and effi-
ciency, and he proved a man possessed of activity,
courage, and talent. He soon evinced decided hostility

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1781 to the British interests in India, and formed a league
with the French. Hostilities had also commenced
between Great Britain and Holland, and the British
troops were employed in dispossessing the Dutch of
their settlements in Bengal, and on the coast of Coro-
mandel. Thus three powers were opposed to the
British interests in India, and Sea?orths High-
landers were ordered to reinforce the British army
in that country.

Towards the end of April, 1781, the regiment was
removed from Jersey and Guernsey, to Portsmouth,
where it embarked on the 1st of June, for the East
Indies, mustering nine-hundred and seventy-five rank
and file, all in excellent health.

During the passage the Earl of Seaforth died sud-
denly in August, and was succeeded in the commission
of lieut. -colonel commandant, by Thomas Frederick
Mackenzie Humberston, from lieut.-colonel-command-
ant of the one hundredth regiment, by commission
dated the 13th of February," 1782.

1782 At that period the passage to India occupied about
ten months ; the accommodation in the ships was very
limited, and the provision issued to the troops not of
good quality ; this was attended with serious results,
and the regiment lost two hundred and forty-seven
men, of scurvy and other diseases, during the passage
to India ; which is now frequently performed in less
than half the time, and under superior regulations,
without the loss of a man.

On arriving at Madras in the beginning of April,
1782, the regiment only mustered three hundred and
sixty-nine men fit for duty ; the pressure of the service
did not, however, admit of delay, and all who were able
to march, advanced up the country under the command

/ .

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS.

of Licut.-Colonel James Stuart, and joined the army 1782
commanded by Lieut.-General Sir Eyre Coote, K.B..
at Chinclcput, a town and fortress on the north-east
bank of '\e Palar river, thirty miles from Madras.
Chincleput served as a place of arms, and a>refuge for
the natives, during the war with Hyder Ali. The soldiers
of the regiment suffered from having been so long on salt
provision ; they were also sinewy and robust men, and
were more susceptible of the sun's violence than men of
slender habits. Sir Eyre Coote ordered them into
quarters, leaving the few, who were healthy, attached
to M^Leod's Highlanders (now seventy-first regiment)
the only European corps then with the army. The men
gradually recovered, and in October six hundred rank
and file were fit for duty ; their constitutions became
accustomed to the climate, and their health and efficiency
were afterwards preserved under fatigues and privations
calculated to exhaust the physical powers of Europeans
when endured under an Indian sun.

Six hundred gallant Highlanders appeared in the 1783
field, am^yed under the coloura of the regiment, to
engage in Indian warfare, and on the 1 0th of April,
1783, when they joined the army assembling under
Major-General Stuart, their appearance excited great
interest. This force consisted of the seventy-third, and
SEVENTY-EIGHTH Highlanders, the hundred and first
regiment, a considerable body of native troops
and a detachment of Hanoverians, under Colone^
Wangenheim ; it was destined for the 'attack of the
fortress of Cudalore in the Carnatic, situate on the
western shore of the bay of Bengal, which had been
taken by the French in 1782. On the 6th of June,
1 783, the army took up a position two miles from the
town, having its right on the sea, and its left on the

■ll

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1783 Bandipollum hills; the enemy under General Bussy
occupied a position half a mile in front of the fort.

On the 13th of June a general attack was made on
the French line, on which occasion the gallant bearing
of the Highlanders was conspicuous, and the ardour and
intrepidity they evinced, gave presage of that renown
which the two corps (now seventy-first and seventt-
second) afterwards acquired. The action commenced
about four o'clock in the morning, and was continued
until near two in the afternoon, during which time the
French were driven from the principal defences on
their right. Major-General Stuart designed to renew
the attack on the following morning ; but the French
retreated into the fortress during the night.

The regiment had Captain George Mackenzie and
nine rank and file killed ; Lieutenants Patrick Grant
and Malcomb M" Pherson, two Serjeants, and twenty*
eight rank and file wounded ; two men missing.

Major-General Stuart stated in his public de-
spatch — " Nothing, I believe, in history, ever exceeded
" the hPToism and coolness of this army in general,
" which was visible to every one, for the action lasted
" from four in the morning to two in the afternoon."
The Major-General also stated in Orders: — "The
" Commander-in-chief, having taken time minutely to
" investigate the conduct and execution of the orders
" and plan in attacking the enemy's posts, lines, and
" redoubts, on the 13th instant, with the comparative
" strength in 'numbers and position of the enemy,
" composed almost entirely of the best regular troops
" of France, takes this occasion to give it as his opinion
" to this brave army in general, that it is not to be
" equalled by anything he knows, or has heard of, in
" modern history." The conduct of Lieut.-Colonel

SEVENTY •SECOND RBOIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS.

James Stuart of tho rogimunt was commended in the 1783
Major-Oonorars despatch and in Orders.

On the morning of the 25th of June the French made
a sally from the fortress ; but were repulsed with severe
loss ; Colonel the Chevalier de Damas was among tho
prisoners taken on this occasion.*

The siege of Cudaloro was soon afterwards terminated
by the arrival of news from Europe of a treaty of peace
having been concluded between England and France.

In the meantime Hydor Ali had died, in December,
1782, and was succeeded, in the government of the
Mysore, by his son, Tippoo Saib i who, being deprived
of his French allies by the peace, entered into nego-
ciations for terminating the war between Mysore and
the British, and an armistice took place.

Colonel Humberston was wounded in an action at
sea, on tho coast of India, and died, in his twenty-eighth
year, universally lamented, as a young man of superior
accomplishments, and of great promise in his profession.
He was succeeded, as lieut.-coloncl commandant of the
regiment, by Major-General James Murray, by com-
mission dated the 1st of November, 1783.

Tho regiment was detached from Cudalore, with
other troops amounting to about fifteen thousand men,
under the command of Colonel Fullerton, and, marching
southward, was employed in reducing to obedience
several refractory chiefs. The colonel afterwards pur-

* Among the French prisonerc waa a wounded young Berjeant of very
interesting appearance and manner*, who was treated with much kindness
by Lieut,-Colonel Wangenheim, commanding the detachments of Hano-
verians. Many years afterwards, when the French army entered Hanover,
General Wangenlieiin attended the lev^e of General Bemadotte, who
referred to the circumstance at Cudalore in 1783, and added,—" I am the
individual who, wht<n a young serJeant, received kindness from you in
India."— Co{on«^ David Stewart on the Scoti Highlanders.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1783 posed penetrating the country of Mysore, and advancing
\i\)on Soringapatam ; but he halted during thu|trmistico
with Tippoo Saib. Ncgociations for peace having been
broken off, and hostilities resumed, Colonel Fullerton
^ pursued his original design of penetrating into the
Mysore, and ho resolved to take the fortress of
PalaccUcherry, which commanded a pass between the
coasts, and secured a communication with a great
extent of fertile country. This place he designed to
occupy as an intermediate magazine, and a stronghold
upon which to retreat in case of a repulse. During the
march the army encountered much difficulty from
woods and heavy rains, and a detachment under
Captain Hon. Thomas Maitland of the seventy-eighth
(now seventy-second) Highlanders performed valuable
service by acting on the flanks, and preserving a com-
munication through thick woods and a broken country.
After taking several small forts, the army arrived, on
the 4th of November, before Palacatcherry, and on the
Idth two batteries opened their fire against the works.
At night a heavy storm of wind and rain occasioned the
Mysoreans to take shelter, and leave the covered way
exposed, when Captain Hon. Thomas Maitland of the
regiment dashed forward with his flanking corps,
surprised and overpowered the Mysoreans, who fled into
the fortress, leaving the first gateway open. Captain
Maitland pursued, but was stopped at the second
gateway ; but he defended the post he had captured
until additional troops arrived; and the garrison,
becoming alarmed at the apprehension of a general
assault, surrendered a fortress capable of a long defence
under more resolute troops.

After this success the arr^y marched to Coimbetore,
where it arrived on the '2 h of November, and the

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OV IIIOULANDEilS. 11

garrison surrendered bcFuro a breach was made. Propa- 17B3
rations were then commenced for further conquests,
and the capture of Seringapatam, with the subversion
of Tippoo's power, was in full view ; but at the moment
when arrangements were made for an advance, tho
commissioners appointed to treat with Tippoo, sent
orders for a retrograde movement.

Peace was concluded with tho ruler of the Mysore in 1784
March, 1784. Sbaforth's Highlanders having been
raised on condition of serving three years, or during
the war, four hundred and twenty-five men claimed
their discharge at the peace, and returned to Scotland ;
tho remainder volunteered to remain in India, receiving
a bounty of ten guineas ; the regiment received many
volunteers from the ninety-eighth, one hundredth, and
one hundred and second foot, which corps were ordered to
return to England for reduction (among whom was a
considerable number of Highlanders who had enlisted «
into the hundredth regiment with Colonel Humbcrston),
and the efTcctive strength was seven hundred men;
which was augmented, in 1785, by volunteers from 1785
different corps, and by recruits from Scotland, to nearly
eleven hundred non-commissioned i>ificers and soldiers.

Many senior corps having been disbanded, the regi- 1786
ment was numbered, in 1786, the seventy-second foot ;
at the same time the commission of licut.- colonel com-
mandant was changed to that of colonel ; and in
December, 1787, the establishment was fixed at forty- 1787
four officers, and eight hundred and four non-com-
missioned officers and s( 'Jiers. Success continued to
attend the recruiting of the regiment, and the arrival 1788
of strong healthy young men from Scotland, preserved
it in a high state of efficiency, and its discipline and
moral conduct were particularly exemplary.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1 789 The insatiable ambition of Tippoo Sultan, the power-
ful ruler of the Mysore, soon involved the British
government in India in another war ; he appeared near
the confines of the country of Travancore, at the head
of a powerful army, made unreasonable demands on the
rajah, a British ally, and commenced hostilities towards
the end of December, 1 789.

1790 The sevexty-second Highlanders, mustering nearly
a thousand officers and soldiers, healthy and accli-
mated, pitched their tents on the plain of Trichi-
nopoly, where an army was assembled, in the early
part of 1790, to exact full reparation of Tippoo
Sultan for his wanton and unprovoked violation of
treaty in attacking the rajah of Travancore. Major-
General Medows assumed the command, and the
SEVENTY-SECOND, commanded by Captain Frazer, with
the seventy-first, and first East India Company's Euro-

^ pean battalion, formed the second European brigade,
under Lieut .-Colonel Clarke; Lieut. -Colonel Stuart
of the SEVENTY-SECOND commanded the left wing of the
army.

Advancing from Trichinopoly plain, on the 26th of
May, and penetrating the country of the enemy, the
army arrived, on the 1 5th of June, at the fort of
Caroor, where the troops encamped eighteen days,
while provisions were being collected, and a magazine
formed. Leaving this place on the 3rd of July, the
army marched to Daraporam, which was abandoned by
the enemy ; a garrison was left at this place, and the
army marched through a beautiful country in a high
state of cultivation, to the city of Coimbetore, which
was found evacuated, and some valuable stores left
behind by the enemy. On the 23rd of July, Lieut.-
Colonel Stuart was detached, with the fourth brigade

SEVENTY-SECOND REOIMEMT OF HIGHLANDERS. 13

of native infantry, a number of pioneers, &c. against 1790
Palacatcherry, leaving the seventy-second at the
camp at Coimbetore ; ho was impeded by heavy rains,
and, his force proving infitufficicnt for the capture of the
place, he rejoined the army. He was afterwards de-
tached, with another body of troops, against Dindigal,
a strong fortress on a rock, which surreno red on the
22nd of August. Ho was subsequently directed to pro-
ceed a second time against Palacatclterry ; and the flank
companies of the sevonty-iirst and seventy-second
regiments were ordered to traverse the country and
take part in the siege, when Captain Frazer of the
seventy-second resigned the command of the regiment,
for that of the flank companies detached on this ser-
vice.* These companies loft Coimbetore on the 6th
of September, were Joined by Lieut.-Colonel Stuart's
division, at Podoor,t on tho following day, and arrived

* " 1790, 5th Sept. Camp at Ck>imbetore.— Dined with Captain Frazer;
" he talked of nothing but the Htorm of Palacatcherty. Captain Frazer has
" applied for, and obtained, the comtnaud of the four flank companies ;
" it is very spirited of him, leaving the command of the regiment, and
" volunteering so dangerous a service ; but he was as great as Csesar this
" evening, and nothing would serve him but dying in the breach. He
" often appealed to me, when speaking of what the grenadiers could do."
— Journal of Lieutenant Ronald Campbell, qf the Grenadier Company ^
Seventy-second litgiment, % vol»,,fol, MS.

f LiEOTENANT Camphell, of the iKVfChii'tr-SECoND foot, appears to
have been delighted with this part of the Mysore: he states in his
journal : — " I have never seen any part of India compaiable to the valley
" on our right ; it U truly beauttftii beyond conception ! The hills that
" bound it ibrm an amphitheatre, covered with wood, except where a
" rugged precipice or stupendous rock shows itself, and water&lls en-
<' rich the scene. The valley is covered with delightful verdure, and
" luxuriant crops, interspersed with clumps of the stateliest trees in the
" world, bearing a charmingly variegated foliage ; and beneath their
" shade, small houses, built of cajan-leaf and bamboo, afford shelter to
" the cow-herds who tend their flocks and watch their fields. Number-
" less villages are strewed in the valley, and everything bears the mark
'* of peace and plenty. The inhabitants are protected by us, and as we
" passed, we saw in every Held the busy husbandmen reaping the fruits

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1790 on the 10th, before the fortress of Palacatcherry, which
had been strengthened and improved since its capture
in 1783 : the siege was immediately commenced. The
regiment remained at Coimbetorc.

At that time the army was separated in three
divisions ; — one at Coimbetore, one at Sattimungal,
sixty miles in advance, and one besieging Palacatcherry,
thirty miles in the rear; and Tippoo resolved to
attack, and if possible destroy, the division in advance
before the main body could arrive to its support;
but its commander, Colonel Floyd, fell back and took
up his positions in retreat, with so much ability, that
the Sultan failed in his object The seventy-second,
and other corps, advanced from Coimbetore to support
Colonel Floyd's division, and a junction was formed
at Velladi, on the 15th of September, when Tippoo
retired. On that day the flank companies, commanded
by Captain Frazer, were suddenly ordered to make
a forced march to Coimbetore : if the enemy had
taken the place, to endeavour to re-capture it by
surprise ; if it was invested, to force their way into it,
and to defend it to the last extremity. The march was
commenced at four o'clock in the afternoon, and the
flank companies arrived at the gates of Coimbetore

of their labour. After coming to our camp ground, I walked out with
Captain Braithwaite, and we found the nntilled land covered with brin-
gals, yams, and other vegetables, growing spontaneously. On our left
hand lie the Animalli woods, famous for their extent and thickness, and
for the size, variety, and quality of their trees (teak- wood being in the
greatest abundance and perfection) ; also fur the number of wild animals
viz. — elephants, tigers, bears, wolves, and the wild-boar, with a numerous
tribe of the rarest birds — peacocks in great numbers. Wild elephants
are so numerous, that when Tippoo was here, about four months since,
he caught, as we are told, seventy of them. We are encamped on the
ground he occupied ; I can trace the place where, they say, his own
tents stood."

SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS.

at half past two o'clock on the following morning; the 1790
enemy had not approached the place, and the compa-
nies took possession of the fort, Captain Frazer assu-
ming the command of all the troops at that place. .

Tlie army returned to Coimbetore on the 23rd of
September, when the flank companies rejoined the
regiment ; and Lieut.-Colonel Stuart, having captured
and garrisoned Palacatcherry, arrived on the 26th of
that month.

Disappointed in his object of destroying the divisions
of the British army in detail, the Sultan resolved to
attack the chain of deputs; he gained possession of
Erroad, and the stores at that place, and afterwards
marched southwards. The English army advanced
froii' Coimbetore on the 29th of September, and,
arriving at Erroad on the 4th of October, found the
place abandoned, and Tippoo's army gone. He had
marched in the direction of Coimbetore, but, hearing
that the garrison was augmented, he advanced rapidly
upon Daraporam, of which he gained possession on the
2nd of October.

The British army marched in search of the Sultan,
traversing extensive tracts of country, and undergoing
much fatigue under an Indian sun. In these services
the SEVENTY SECOND Highlanders preserved a high
state of discipline and efficiency. Lieut. Campbell of
the regiment stated in his journal, " We perform our
^' journeys with ease and comfort ; marching is become
*' familiar and agreeable to us." In the middle of
November the army traversed the difficult pass of
Tapoor, winding through deep valleys, and dragging
the guns over precipices. On emerging from the pass,
Tippoo's camp was seen at a distance ; it was supposed
to be that of the Bengal division, under Colonel

M;>

It '.

t.'

K '

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1790 Maxwell, and three guns were fired as a signal, when
the Suit; .1 struck his tents and made a precipitate
retreat. Colonel Maxwell's division joined two days
afterwards, and the seventy-first, seventy-second, and
seventy-four ^ regiments were formed in brigade under
Lieut.-Colonel Clarke, with six twelve-pounder and
six six-pounder guns attached to them.

The Sultan resolved to leave the British army in
his own country, and to invade the Carnatic, which
would bring the English back for the defence of
Trichinopoly. Major-General Medows was about to
carry offensive plans into execution, when the move-
ments of Tippoo rendered it necessary to return to the
Carnatic, and the army arrived at the vicinity of
Trichinopoly in the middle of December. The Sultan's
success was limited to devastations and the capture of
a few posts ; he was pursued as far as Trincomalee ;
the British army afterwards turned off to Arnee, where
the SEVENTY-SECOND regiment arrived on the 12th
January, 1791, and was encamped several days.

1791 General Charles Earl Comwallis, K.G., assumed the
command of the army, and some alteration was made
in the disposition of the troops ; the seventy-second
Highlanders, commanded by Captain Frazer, continued
to form, with the seventy-first and seventy-fourth
regiments, the second European brigade, under Lieut. -
Colonel Clarke, in the left wing of the army : Lieut.- .
Colonel Stuart, of the seventy-second, commanded
the right wing. The army advanced to Vellore, where
it arrived on the th of February, 1791. Tippoo was
ready to oppose any attempt to penetrate into the
country under his dominion by the easiest passes ; but
Earl Comwallis contrived the appearance of a march
toi 'ards Amboor, which completely imposed upon the

SB VENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 17

Sultan, and then turning suddenly to the north, 1791
traveried the difficult pass of Mooglee, without the
enomy having power to offer the least obstruction,
and arrived on the 20th of February on the table-
land of the Mysore. On the 22nd of February the
troops commenced their march towards the strong
fortress of Bangalore, where Tippoo had built a splen-
did palace, with extensive gardens ; and the safety of
his harem, &c., so engrossed his attention, that he
marched with his army to accomplish the removal of his
women and valuables from the palace, and left the
English at liberty to con^nue their march unmolested,
until they arrived within ten miles of the town. He
made an attempt on the baggage on the 5th of March,
but was fri?«trated, on which occasion the seventy-
second Highlander;:, had a few men wounded : in the
evening the army took up a position before the town.

On the 7th of March the pettah was stormed by the
thirty-sixth regiment, supported by the third brigade
of sepoys ; and the siege of Bangalore was immediately
commenced. During the night, the seventy-second
Highlanders were posted under the outer pettah wall,
close to the gate. " The enemy kept up a sharp fire ;
" their shots, which were many of them thirty-two
" {Mjunders, came very close to the regiment, making a
" great rattling in the trees and bamboo hedge, near
" the line ; but no casualties occurred."*

On the evening of the 10th of March, the regiment
was on duty in the trenches, the grenadier company
taking the advance post, and many of the men of the
other companies working at the batteries; it was
relieved on the evening of the 12th.

!i"

IS 1*1

* Journal of Lieutenant Ronald Campbell, of the Grenadier Company
SeveBty-'Second regiment, 2 vols, fol. MS.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1791 During the night of the 1 5th of March, the troops
were ordered under arms, in consequence of circum-
stances indicating the approach ofTippoo's army; a
flight of rockets came into the camp, and the grenadiers
of the SEVENTY-SECOND rushed towards the spot from
whence the rockets came ; but the Mysoreans fled without
waiting the attack. At five o'clock on the following
evening the regiment marched into the pcttah, and
relieved the thirty-sixth on duty in the trenches.
Soon after midnight a crowd of Mysorean musketeers
entered the thick jungle near the pettah, and com-
menced a sharp fire ; the seventy-second formed
behind a mud wall expecting their post to be stormed
every moment by thousands of enemies, whom they
were prepared to receive with fixed bayonets : but
the Mysoreans did not venture on so desperate an
enterprise ; many of the soldiers' bayonets were hit by
bullets, but not one man injured. On the evening of the
18th the regiment was relieved and returned to camp.
At four o'clock on the afternoon of the 20th of
March six companies of the regiment marched into
the trenches; and on the evening of the following day
the regiment was ordered to prepare to take part in
storming the fortress ; the grenadier company was to
join the storming party appointed to advance by the
left approach; the light company that by the right
approach, and the battalion companies were formed on
the right of the parallel, to support the grenadiers:
three of the seventy-second grenadiers joined the
forlorn hope under Serjeant Williams of the seventy-
sixth regiment. Lieutenant Campbell of the regiment
states in his Journal, — " The storming party primed
" and loaded, and sat down on their arms; our
" batteries, both gun and mortar, kept firing frequently

SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 19

" during the evening. At a quarter before eleven we 1791
" got into motion ; an opening was made in the centre
" of the second parallel ; the signal for storming was
" given (three guns in quick succession), and out we
" rushed. The covered way instantly appeared as a
" sheet of fire, seconded from the fort, but with no
" aim or effect ; our batteries answered with blank
" cart'.'idge ; and we were in the covered way in a
'' moment, and on the breach as quick as thought.
" I pushed on, carried forward by a powerful impulse,
" and found myself at the top of the breach with the
" front files. The grenadiers immediately turned off
" to the right with a huzza ; their progress was
" suddenly stopped by an opening ; the fort was hung
" with blue lights, a heavy fire was opened upon us,
" but with little effect : the diflSculty was overcome,
" and our troops ascended the ladders with every
" possible expedition. The grandest, and most striking
" sight 1 ever beheld, was the rushing up of the troops
" to the top of the breach, and the ascent of the
" grenadiers in crowds by the scaling-ladders. We
" now heard the grenadiers' march beating in every
" quarter; our soldiers shouted with joy, and we swept
" round the ramparts with scarce anything to oppose
" us : every enemy that appeared had a bayonet in
" him instantly ; the regiments that supported us
*' came in by the gateway, and cleared the town below,
" where numbers were killed ; in two hours we were
" in thorough possession of the fort, and Lieutenant
" Duncan, of the seventy-first regiment, pulled down
" the flag and put his own sash in its place. The
" union-flag was afterwards hoisted, and the troops
" gave three cheers." Very extensive stores were
found in the place, particularly of ammunition. The

y'i

A'" .

■Mi 5

fell

■*'

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

i\
I i

1791 kiledar, or governor, was killed while fighting with
three grenadiers; he was dressed in a white gown,
over which he wore a jacket of quilted purple satin.

The regiment had six rank and file killed; one
Serjeant and twenty-three rank and file wounded, on
this occasion.

In the Orders issued on the fiallowing day, it was
stated — " Lord Cornwallis feels the most sensible
" gratification in congratulating the officers and soldiers
" of the army on the honorable issue of the fatigues
" and dangers they have undergone during the late
" arduous siege. Their alacrity and firmness in the
" execution of their various duties has, perhaps, never
" been exceeded, and he shall not only think it incura-
" bent on him to represent their meritorious conduct
" in the strongest colours, but he shall ever remem-
" ber it with the sincerest esteem and admiration.

" The conduct of all the regiments, which happened,
" in their tour, to be on duty that evening, did credit
" in every respect to their spirit and discipline ; but
" his Lordship desires to offer the tribute of his particular
^^ and warmest praise to the European grenadiers and light
" infantry of the army, and to the thirty-sixth, seventv-
** SECOND, and seventy-sixth regiments, who led the attack
" and carried the fortress, and who, by their behaviour on
'* that occasion, furnished a conspicuous proof, that
'' discipline and valour in soldiers, when directed by zeal
" and capacity in officers, are irresistible.

" Lieut -colonel Stuart (seventy-second regiment)
" maybe assured that Lord Cornwallis will ever retain
" the most grateful remembrance of the valuable
" and steady support which that officer afforded him,
" by his military experience and constant exertions to
" promote the public service."

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 21

After the capture of the fort, the seventy-second 1791
Highlanders were posted at the breach ; they were
relieved on the morning of the 23rd of March, by the
fifty-second regiment, and returned to the camp.

On the 28th of March, the army quitted Bangalore,
to join the forces of the Nizam, sent to co-operate with
the English in this war ; and, as the troops approached
the ground they purposed encamping upon after the
first march, they saw the forces of Tippoo striking their
tents, and commencing a precipitate retreat ; when the
seventy-first, seventy-second, and seventy-fourth
regiments formed line, and advanced, supported by the /
native infantry of the first line, but were unable to
come up with the enemy. " The nature of the country
" at this place, which presents continual ridges at almost
" equal distances, made the pursuit particularly inter-
" esting ; for every new view we gained of the enemy,
" enlivened the soldiers afresh, and occasioned them to
" push on with infinite eagerness and ardour."* A
fine new brass nine-pounder gun was captured, with a
great quantity of cattle and forage ; but the Sultan's
army could not be overtaken.

Tho Nizam's troops joined on the 13th of April,
amounting to about fifteen thousand horsemen, some of
them, from AfFghanistan, being celebrated for valour.
The army afterwards returned to Bangalore, where pre-
parations were made for the siege of Seringapatam,
and the army advanced upon the capital of the Mysore,
on the 4 th of May. The troops marched through a
difficult country destitute of forage, and the cattle
employed in conveying stores and baggage died in great
numbers ; provision for the troops also became scarce.

As the army approached Seringapatam, the Sultan

I- n

'Mi

■ft*' . [

* Journal of Lieutenant R, Campbell.

niSTORICAL RECORD OF TUB

1791 resolved to hazard an engagement, and his formidable
position was attacked on the 15th of May, when the
SEVENTY SECOND Highlanders had another opportunity
of distinguishing themselves. The Mysoreans stood
the fire of artillery with steadiness, and kept up a can-
nonade with much effect, but the instant an attempt was
made to charge them with bayonets, they made a pre-
cipitate retreat. They were driven from every post ;
and towards the close of the action the seventy-
second ascended an eminence and captured a round
redoubt. The army was thanked in Orders for its gal-
lant conduct. The regiment had about twenty men
killed and wounded : Captain Braithwaite and Lieu-
tenant Whitlie wounded.

On the following day, some sharp firing was heard at
the advance-posts, when Major Frazer obtained per-
mission to proceed to their support with the seventy-
second Highlanders ; he afterwards sent the adjutant
to Earl Cornwallis to request his Lordship's authority
to storm a fortified pagoda, but permission was not
granted. On the 18th of May, when the army moved
towards the fords of the river. Major Frazer obtained
the post of honour for the regiment, in covering the
rear, expecting Tippoo would hazard an attack, but no
such event occurred.

When the army had arrived at the extreme point of
its operations, it had sustained the loss of nearly all its
cattle from the want of forage ; the supply of provisions
for the men was nearly exhausted ; the camp-followers
were without food, and the rainy season had set in
earlier than had been expected. Under these circum-
stances further success was become impracticable ; the
battering train and stores were destroyed, and on the
26th of May the troops commenced their march back

SEVENTY-SECOND nSOIMBNT OF IIIOHLANOERS. 23

towards Bangalore. Before commencing the retreat, 1791
the soldiers were thanked in Orders fur their conduct
throughout those services, and it was added, — •♦ So
" long as there were any hopes of reducing Scringa-
" patam before the commencement of the heavy rains,
" the Commander-in-chief thought himself happy in
" availing himself of their willing services ; but the
" unexpected bad weather, for some time experienced..
" having rendered tho attack of the enemy's capital
" impracticable, until the conclusion of the ensuing
" monsoons, Lord Cornwallis thought he should make
" an ill return for tho zeal and alacrity exhibited by
" the soldiers, if he desired them to draw the guns and
" stores back to a magazine, where there remains an
" ample supply of both, which was captured by their
" valour ; ho did not, therefore, hesitate to order
" the guns and stores which were not wanted for field
" service to be destroyed."

The array retreated to the vicinity of Bangalore, being
joined by the Mahratta forces on the march ; and de-
tachments were afterwards sent out to reduce several
strong hill- forts, which were very numerous.

On tho morning of tho 9th of December, the fifty-
second and SEVENTY -SECOND regiments, with the four-
teenth and twenty-sixth Bengal sepoys, were detached,
under Lieut.-Colonol Stuart of the seventy- second,
against the fortress of Savendrooff, situate on the side
of a mountain, environed by almost inaccessible rocks ;*
the troops arrived before the place on the lOth, and
during the night tho grenadiers of the fifty-second
and SEVENTY-SECOND, with a battalion company from
each regiment, supported by the twenty-sixth sepoys.

■^;1.1

uiii
Ml

* A drawing of thi« fortreii i« given in the Journal of Lieutenant
Campbell of the Seventy-Uecoud Highlanders.

HISTORICAL RGCOUD OF THE

1791 climbed a stcop hill; traversed sheets of rock; de-
scended into a valley by a path so rugged and steep
that the soldiers let themselves down in many places
by the branches of trees growing on the side of the
rock; traversed the valley; ascended a rock nearly
three hundred feet high, crawling on their hands and
feet, and helping themselves up by tufts of grass, until
they attained the summit, where they established them-
selves on a spot which overlooked the whole of the
fortress, about three hundred yards from the wall. The
batteries wore speedily constructed ; the flank compa-
nies of the seventy-first and seventy-sixth regiments
arrived to take part in the siege; and practicable
breaches having been effected, storming-parties
paraded on the morning of the 2 1 st of December. The
right attack was made by the light companies of the
seventy-first and seventy-second, supported by a
battalion company of the seventy-second; the left
attack by the two flank companies of the seventy-sixth
and grenadier company of the fifty-second ; the centre
attack under Major Frazer of the seventy-second,
by the grenadiers and two battalion companies of the
seventy-second, two companies of the fifty-second,
the grenadiers of the seventy-first, and four companies
of sepoys, supported by the sixth battalion of
sepoys; the whole under Lieut-colonel Nisbitt, of
the fifty -second regiment. The storming-parties pro-
ceeded to their stations ; the band of the fifty-second
took post near them, and suddenly striking up the tune
Britons strike home, the whole rushed forward with the
most heroic ardour. The Mysoreans made a feeble
defence, and in less than two hours the British were in
possession of the fort, with the trifling loss of five men
wounded. The troops were thanked in General Orders,

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF UIOHI^NDERS. 25

for their very gallant conduct, in which it was stated, — 1791
" Lord Cornwali.is thinks himself fortunate, almost
" beyond example, in having acquired by assault, a
" fortress of so much strength and reputation, and of
" such inestimable value to the public interest, as
" Savendroog, without having to regret the loss of a
" Mingle soldier."

Two days after the capture of Savendroog, the troops
advanced against Outra-Durgum : they arrived within
three miles of the place that night, and, on the following
day, summoned the garrison to surrender. Lieut.-
Colonel Stuart, observing tiie people flying from the
pettah to the fortress on the rock, direc Led the guns to
open upon them, and two battalion c >mpanics of the
fifty-second and seven t\-8ECwND reg nents, ' ippoiJed
by the twenty-sixth sepoys, to attack tho j ;ttah by
escalade, which was executed with so mucli apirit, that
the soldiers were speedily in post ."s. vm of the to '■a.
" Lieutenant M" Innes, senior officer of the two
" seventy-second companies, applied to Captain Scott
" for liberty to follow the fugitives up the rock, saying
" he should be in time to enter the first gateway with
" them. The captain thought the enterprise imprac-
" ticable. The soldiers of M" Innes's company heard
" the request made, and not doubting of consent being
" given, had rushed towards the first wall, and were
" followed by M° Irnes. The gate was shut : Sut
"Lieutenant M" PL( .t va arrived with the pioneers
" and ladders, which were instantly applied, and our
" people were within the wall, as quick as thought,
'' when the gate was unbolted and the two companies
" entered. The enemy, astonished at so unexpected an
" attempt, retreated with precipitation. M" Innes
" advanced to the second wall, the men forced open the

v«

■i

■ 'I

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1791 " gate with their shoulders, and not a moment was lost
" in pushing forward for the third wall ; but the road
" leading between two rocks, was so narrow that only
" two could advance abreast ; the pathway was, in con-
" sequence, soon choked up, and those who carried the
" ladders were unable to proceed ; at the same time, the
" enemy commenced throwing huge stones in numbers
'* upon the assailants, who commenced a sharp fire of
'* musketry, and Lieut.-Colonel Stuart, who had ob-
'* served from a distance this astonishing enterprise, sent
•* orders for the grenadiers not to attempt anything
" further. Lieutenant M* Pherson forced his way
" through the crowd, causing the ladders to be handed
*' over the soldiers' heads, from one to another, and
" before the colonel's orders could be delivered, the
" gallant Highlanders were crowding over the third
*• gateway. The enemy fled on all hands ; the forc-
" most of our men pursued them closely, and gained
" the two last walls without opposition (there were
•* five walls to escalade). The gariison escaped by the
" south-east side of the fort, over rocks and precipices
" of immense depth and ruggedness, where many must
" have lost their lives. By one o'clock, our two com-
** panies were in possession of every part of the fort,
" and M° Innes had planted the colours on the highest
" pinnacle, without the loss of a single man. The
'• Kiledar and two of his people were taken alive.
" Colonel Stuart declared the business to be brilliant
•'and successful, beyond his, most sangu:ne hopes."*
Thus was the important fortress of Outra-Durgum cap-
tured by two companies of Highlanders (Major Petrie's, and
Captain Hon. William M. Maitland's) of the seventy-
BECOND regiment; the officers with the two companies

* Lieuteoant Campbell's Journal.

SEVENTY SECOND REOIMBNT OF HIGHLANDERS.

were Lieutenants M' Inncs, Robert Gordon,

1791

Getty, and Ensign Andrew Coghlan : Lieutenant M'
Pherson conducted the pioneers. The whole were
thanked in General Orders by Earl Cornwallis, who
expressed his admiration of the gallantry and steadiness
of the officers and soldiers engaged in this service.

The regiment rejoined the army on the 26th of
December. Its establishment had been augmented in
March of this year to forty Serjeants and a thousand
rank and file, and so many recruits had arrived from
Scotland that it was ricarly complete. It was con-
sidered the most effective corps in the army.

The rainy season being over, the army reinforced 1792
the lost cattle replacodi and arrangements made for
an abundant supply of provision, the army commenced
its march, on the first of February, 1792, for Seringa-
patam. The Sultan took up a formidable position to cover
his capital, and was attacked during the night of the 6th
of February. The following statement of the share
the SEVKNTY-SECOND Highlanders had in this engage-
ment, is from Lieutenant Campbell's Journal :—

The regiment formed part cf the left division under
Lieut.-Colonel Maxwell, which advanced to the attack
in the following order — Grenadier Company, seventy-
second; Light Company, seventy-second, with
scaling-ladders; Pioneers; Twenty-third Native In-
fantry; Skvbnty-skcond Regiment;' First and Sixth
Native Infantry. " We (the seventy-second) moved
" from the left along the north side of the ridge of
" hills extending from the Carriagat pagoda to the
" Cappalair rocks ; by ten at night we found ourselves
" near the base of the hill, where the officers were
" directed to dismount. When wo were about two
" hundred yards from the lower entrenchment, our

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1792 " grenadiers filed oif from the right with trailed arms,
*' a Serjeant and twelve forming the forlorn hope.
" When about fifty yards from the works, the sentinel
" challenged us, and instantly fired his piece, which
" was followed by a scattered fire from the rest of
" their party. We rushed among them, and those
" who did not save themselves by immediate flight,
" were shot or bayoneted. The greatest number of
" them ran down to the Carriagat pagoda, where they
" made a stand, and kept up a smart fire until we
" were almost close to them ; then retired under our
" fire to the foot of the hill, where they were joined by
" a strong body frou the plain, and made a stand at a
" small choultry, from which a flight of steps led to
" the bridge across the nulla. By this time the general
" attack on the enemy's lines had commenced, and
" there was an almost connected sheet of fire from
" right to left ; musketry, guns, and rockets rending
" the air with their contending noise. We sat upon
" the brow of the hill a few minutes, while our men
" were recovering their breath, and had a commanding
"prospect of the liole attack, though nearly three
" miles in extent, as* «.. o contemplated the scene before
** us, the grandest, I suppose, that any person there
" had beheld. Being rested a little, Colonel Maxwell
" led us down the hill under a smart fire ; we rushed
*• forward and drove the enemy across the nulla in
" great haste, although they stood our approach
" wonderfully. We crossed the bridge under a constant
" fire, the enemy retreating as we advanced j we crossed
" the Lokany river, the opposite bank of which was
" well covered by a bound-hedge, and their fire did
" execution : a serjeant of grenadiers was killed,
" Captain Mackenzie mortally wounded. Major Frazer

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 29

and Captain Maitland shot through their right arms, 1792
besides other casualties. After we had penetrated
the hound-hedge, the enemy took post behind an
extensive choultry; but nothing could stop the
ardour of our men, — we charged without loss of
time, and soon dislodged the enemy, v^ o re-
treated along the banks of the Cavery to a second
choultry, where their numbers were reinforced. Wo
had now got into their camp, upon the right flank of
their lines; they retreated steadily before us, and
our fire and bayonets did great execution among
them, the road being strewed with their bodies. We
charged and dislodged them from the second choultry ;
here Lieutenant M' Pherson of the grenadiers was
wounded ; we pursued the enemy to a large pagoda ;
they attempted to cross the river, but the place was
so crowded with guns, tumbrils, bullocks, elephants,
camels, followers, and heaven knows what, that wo
were in the midst of them before they could escape,
and for some minutes there was nothing but shooting
and bayoneting. Colonel Maxwell came up with the
twenty-third native infantry; the sepoys of the
fourteenth native battalions advanced ; they took
us for the enemy, and fired, but their officers sup-
pressed the fire before much injury was done : the
seventy-first regiment also joined us, and pre-
parations were made to cross the river and force iho
lines on the opposite side. Colonel Baird requested
me to lead with twenty men ; I instantly rushed into
the stream, followed by twenty grenadiers of the
SEVENTY-SECOND regiment ; we pushed on through
holes, over rocks and stones, falling and stumbling
at every step, the enemy's shot reducing our numbers ;
and myself, with about half a dozen grenadiers, arrived

li.''.

ft.

1".^:

HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUB

1792 " at a smooth part of the stream which proved bcjon 1
" our depth; five of us, however, got over; but t'ic
" regiments did not venture to follow, and we returned
" with difficulty. An easy passage had been found
*' out lower down ; the seventy-first and seventy-
" SECOND regiments had got into the island ; the flank
" companies of the fifty-secouo. seventy-first, and
" seventy-fourth regiments forded higher up, and the
" enemy, seeing our troops on all sides of them, betook
" themselves to flight.

" About one o'clock in the morning the seventj'-
•' first, and seventy-skcond regiments advanced to
'' the pettah, from which the inhabitants had fled, and
" we released a number of Europeans from piison.
" About seven o'clock the seventy-second marched
" into the famous Llal Baugh, or, as I heard it translated,
•' ' garden of pearls,^ and were posted in one of the walks
" during the day."

A decisive victory was gained on this occasion over
the army of Tippoo, and, perhaps, no regiment had
performed a more distinguished part on this occasion
than the seventy-second Highlanders; they had
forced the passage of one nulla, and two rivers, and
had charged nine successive times, overpowering their
enemies on every occasion. Their loss was Captain
Thomas Mackenzie and fourteen rank and file killed ;
Major Hugh Frazer, Captaiu Hon. William M. Mait-
land, Lieutenants M' Pherson and Ward, one serjeant,
two drummers, and forty rar;k and file wounded, one
man missing.

In the General Orders issued ol the 7th of February,
it was stated— " The conduct and valour of the officers
" and soldiers of this army have often merited ho\'\
" Cornwallis's encomiums ; but the zeal and gallantry

gEVEMTY-SECOND RISGIMEMT OF HIGHLANDERS. 31

" which wore so successfully displayed last night, in the 1792
" attack of the enemy's whole army in a position that
" had cost him much time and labour to fortify, can
" never be sufficiently praised ; and his lordship's
" satisfaction on an occasion which promisee to bo
" attended with the most substantial advantages, has
" been greatly heightened by hearing from the com-
" manding officers of divisions, that the meritorious
" behaviour was universal, through all ranks, to a
" degree that has rarely been equalled."

The power of the Sultan being greatly reduced, and
the siege of his capital about to commence^ he solicited
conditions of peace, and hostilities were suspended.
He afterwards ceded half of his> •< .linions to the allies,
paid a large sum of money, and was permitted to retain
the other half of his territory.

The war being thus terminated, and a great accession
of territory made to the British dominions in "^ndia,
the army quitted the island of Seringapatam, towards
the end of March, and the seventy-second High-
landers proceeded to the cantonment of Wallajabad,
where they arrived on the 28th of M ay. The Governor
in Council evinced the high sense he entertained of the
conduct of the troops, by presenting them with a
gratuity out of the money paid by Tippoo Sultan,
which was confirmed by the Court of Directors, p.nd six
months' batta, or field allowance, added thereto.

The SKVENTY-sEcoND Highlanders remained at 1793
Wallajabad, with two companies detached to Arnee,
upwards of twelve months:, during which period the
French Hcvolution, which commenced a few years
previously, had assuit.od a character that called forth
the efforts of other countries to arrest the ^)rogress of
its destructive principles with the effects of its

■ii

HISTORICAL RECOAD OF THE

1793 example in the world, and war commenced between
Great Britain and France. News of this event arrived
in India in May, 1793; in June the regiment was
ordered to prepare to take the (inld, and on the 26th
of that month, pitched its ter'ti' east of Bliiveram Hill
under the orders of Major i ri-.zer ; it nij vhed soon
afterwards against the Ft inch seV^em^ > it o^ Fidicherry,
on the coast of Coromand;4, and arrived before the
fortress in July, — bciag formed in brigade with the
soventy-third, seventy-fourth., and third F^^st India
Company's Enropv^an regiment, undev Lieut. -Colonel
Baird ; the troops employed on tb;i service were com-
manded by Colonel John Brathwuit. The siege of
Pondicherry was commenced in the early part of August,
the army encamping in a thick wood where tigers were
so numerous that the natives durst not travel in the
night. On the 11th of August the seventy-second
Highlanders were on duty in the trenches, and had
two men killed ; they also lost two men on the follow-
ing day;* and several others on the 22nd of that
month, on which day a white flag was displayed by the
garrison, with a request for permission to surrender.
The French soldiers in the fortress had embraced
democratical principles and were particularly insub-
ordinate ; they insisted that the governor should

"* On the 12th of August, as the Grenadiers and Captain Gordon 3
company of the seventy-second were on duty in the trenches, exposed
to a burning sun, and a severe cannonade from ihd fortress, Colonel
Campbell, field officer of the trenches, sent his 'orderly to Lieutenant
Campbell of the Grenadiers, requesting that the piper of the Grenadiers
might be directed to play some pibrachs. This was considered a strange
request to be made at so unsuitable a time ; it was, however, immediatelv
complied with : " but we were a good deal surprised to perceive that the
<* moment the piper began, the fire from the enemy slackened, and soon
" after almost entirely ceased. The French all got upon the worxs, and
" seemed moiv^ astonished at ht.-« ni,; the bag-pipe, than we with Colonel
" Campbell's request." Iku'eii i >- Campbell's Journal.

SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 33

surrender, but after the white flag was displayed, they 1794
fired two shells, which killed several men, and wounded
Major Frazer of the seventy-second regiment.
During the night they were guilty of every species of
outrage, breaking into houses and becoming intoxicated.
On the following morning, a number of them environed
the governor's house, and threatened to hang the
governor. General Charmont, before the door, when
application was made for English protection. The
British soldiers rushed into the town, overpowered the
insurgents, rescued the governor, and preserved the
inhabitants from the further effects of democratical
violence.

After the completion of this service, the regiment
returned to the cantonment at Wallajabad, where it
arrived on the 11th of September, and was stationed
at that place during the year 1794.

On the decease of General Murray, the colonelcy was
conferred on Major-General Adam Williamson, from
the forty-seventh regiment, by commission dated the
19th of March, 1794.

While the regiment was reposing in cantonments 1795
at Wallajabad, and the officers and soldiers were
reflecting with exultation on the reputation they had
acquired in the Mysore, circumstances occurred in
Europe which occasioned them to be again called into
active service. The Dutch people had imbibed the
democratical doctrines of the French republic, and in
the early part of 1795 Holland became united to
France. When information of these events arrived in
India, an expedition was immediately fitted out
against the large and mountainous island of Ceylon,
where the Dutch had several settlements, and the
seventy-second Highlanders were selected to take part

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1795 in the enterprise ; the troops employed on this service
were commanded by their Lieut.-Colonel, James
Stuart, who was promoted to the rank of Major-
General at this period. The regiment embarked from
Fort St. George on the 30th of July, and two days
afterwards the fleet arrived on the coast of Ceylon ;
on the 3rd of August the troops landed four miles
north of the fort of TrincomaUe, and the siege of this
place was commenced as soon as the artillery and stores
could be landed and removed sufficiently near to the
place. On the 26th of August a practicable breach
was effected, and the garrison surrendered the place.
The regiment had Ensign Benson, two Serjeants, and
seven rank and file wounded on this service.

'Th\.- commanding officer of the regiment. Major
Fr. z«r. V ao was promoted to the lieut.- colonelcy on
tbf, 1st of ieptember, was detached against the fort of
Batticaloe, which surrendered to him on the 18th of
September. The two flank companies of the regiment
were afterwards detached, with two companies of sepoys,
under Captain Barbutt, against the fort and island of
J Manaar, which surrendered on the 5th of October.

1796 The regiment continued to be actively employed
until the whole of the Dutch settlements iA Ceylon
were reduced, which wat. accomplished in February,
1796, when the governor, John Gerand Van Angelbeck,
surrendered the fortress of Colombo to the British arms.
The people in the interior of the island had not been
deprived of their independence by the Dutch, and
they were not ifjfrrfered with by the British so long as
they pres(?rved a peaceful demeanour. ' ' .--r.'f

As the island of Ceylon — which produces an astonish-
ing diversity of vegetables, with the finest fruits — is
celebrated for the number of cinnamon trees it pro-

)

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS.

duces — and abounds in most animals indigenous to the 1797
East, particularly in wild elephants — the seventy-
second Highlanders remained until March, 1797, when ^
they were removed to Pondicherry, preparatory to their
return to England. .> jrtwr^ij.. *'<ri

The regiment transferred its men fit for service to 1798
the corps about to remain in India, and embaTlccd at • - .
Madras in February, 1798. On arriving at Gravesend,
it received orders to proceed to Perth, where it landed
in August, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Hugh
Frazer.

The services of the regiment in the East Indies
were afterwards rewarded with the royal authority to
bear the word " Hindgost an" on its colours. '

On the 23rd of October, Major-General James
Stuart, who had long commanded the regiment with
reputation in India, was appointed to the colonelcy,
from the eighty-second foot, in succession to General
Adam Williamson deceased. > . .^^^ .;s.

The regiment was stationed at Per'H two years, and 1799
its recruiting w.> not successful, not more than two 1800
hundred recruitu having joined : in 1801 the regiment iqoI
was removed to Ireland ;* and its numbers were
augmented hy drafts from the Scots fencible regi-
ments.

^!^'!l

* On the 5th of May, 1801, the regiment lost its distinguished com-
manding officer, Lieat.-C'lonel Hugh Fbazeb, who had always evinced
a lively interest in its leputation. He entered the army in November,
1775, as lieutenant in the first battalion of the seventy-first regiment,
then raised under Major-General Simon Fnuier ^,^>i^ T ,ient.-Colonel Sir
William En>..ine, for service in North America; aad in 1778 he was
promoted captain in Seafbrth's Highlanders, now the setemtt-second
rcjj". 'Aent, which corps he accompanied to India. He served with his
regiment at the attack on Cudalore, and the capture of Palacatcherry, in
17^S i and he commanded the seventt-second during the campaigns in
the Mysore in 1790, 1791, and 1792, at the capture of Pondicherry in
1793, f*.. tk* the conquest of Ceylon in 1795, and was conspicuous for

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1802 At the conclusion of the peace of Amiens in 1802,
the establishment was reduced ; but on the re- com-

1803 mcncement of hostilities i.i 1803, it was again aug-
mented : it was soon in a high state of efficiency and dis-
i'ipline, two-thirds of the men being Scots Highlanders,
and about one-third English and Irish. ^ i

1804 Great efforts were made to repel the threatened
French invasion in 1803 and 1804, and a second
battalion y> as added to the regiment ; it was formed of
men r'dsca in Aberf^.een, for limited service, under the
Additional Force Act, and was placed upon the esta-
blishnient of the army from the 25th of Dectember, 1804.
It was embodied at Peterhead, and remained in Scot-
land some time.

1805 While the French army was at Boulogne menacing
England with invasion, a coalition was forming in
Germany to oppose the domination of Bonaparte,
whom the French had elevated to the title of Emperor,
and t'lie first battalion of the seventy -second regiment
was appointed to form part of a secret expedition
under Lieut. General Sir Eyre Coote, K.B. ; th" : enter-
prise was, however, laid aside, and in August, ^805,
the regiment, commanded by Lieut .-Colonel Colquhuun
Grant, embarked with a secret expedition under Major-
General Sir David Baird, which sailed at the end of
the month. At day-break on the 28th of September

personal bravery, ability, and a deep interest in the honour of his corps.
He was j <irays foremost to volunteer his personal services, and those of
his regin^c^t, rt .he post of honour and danger ; and some high ground
near Sering'tpatiim, the scene of his gallantry, was named " Frazer's
Hil " He was promoted to the majority of the regiment on the 2nd of
Ma t,17M and to the lieut.-colonelcy on the 1st of September, 1795. He
be( . ithed ')00/ to the officers' mess, to be appropriated in such manner
as 'i>r^-alii behc commemorate his attachment to the corps, and his esteem
fn^ the officers.

SEVENTY racOND RBOIMBNT OF niOHLANDERS. 37

the fleet apj>i'oachod the island of Madeira, and the 1805
soldiers wen; gratified by the night of its high moun-
tains, covered on the lower slopes with vines, and on ;
the loftier summits with forests of pine and chcsnut,
gilded with the rays of the rising sun ; and about eight
o'clock the whole anchored in the spacious bay, in the
centre of which stands Funchul, the capital ; the lofty
black rocks adorned with brilliant verdure rising
behind the town, form a striking contrast with the
white houses, and present to the view a splendid
landscape. At this place the fleet remained six days,
and afterwards sailed to the Brazils, entering the
harbour of St. Salvador on the 12th of November.
Captain Campbell of the seventy- second stated in his
Journal : — " The town was opening as we approached
" the inner part of the bay, and displayed the most gay
" and romantic scenery. It is built on the ridge of a
" hill, and some of the houses are showy and extensive ;
" they are generally white with red tiles ; but those
" in the lower part of the town consist of from five to
** seven flats, or stories, each ; and, the streets being
" narrow, th(j houses almost meet above. The hills
" are enclosed as gardens, and whichever way one
" turns, the eye li equally gratified with the variety
" and luxuriance of the scenery."

The regiments were landed in succession for a few
hours ; horses wore procured for the cavalry, and some
supplies obtained for the voyage, It was a remarkable
circumstance that the seventy-second regiment had
not one sick man.

On the 28th of November the fleet again put to sea,
and directed its course towards the Dutch colony of the
Cape of Good Hope, then in possession of the Batavian

II
11

f
I

1. sj

HISTORICAL RSr^ >l> OF THE

1805 government, which was united with France in hoatility
to Great Britain.

1806 On the 3rd of January, 1806, the lofty promontory
which marks the southern extremity of Africa was seen,
with its summit in the clouds, and at five o'clock on the
afternoon of the following day, the fleet anchored off
the Capo of Good Hope. At four o'clock on the morn-
ing of the 6th of January the signal was made for the
seventy-first, seventy-second, and ninety-third regi-
ments, forming the second or Highland brigade under
Brigadier-General Ferguson, to enter the boats; and,
moving to the slore, it effected a landing in Lospard's
Bay; the light companies of the seventy-first and
SEVENTY-SECOND regiments driving the Dutch sharp-
shooters from the contiguous heights, killing and
wounding thirteen of the enemy.* After pursuing the
enemy some distance, the troops halted near the Blue
Mountains.

Before daylight on the following morning the
SEVENTY-SECOND advanced, with one six-pounder, to

* Number of men nrhich landed at the Cape of Good Hope in January,
1806, under Major-General Sir David Baird.: —

Number landtd,

'■

inelnding

Bbioadm.

BlOIMINTf.

Recruit* for In-
dia, attaolied.

1st. Commanded by
Brigadier - General

Twenty-fourth ....

600

Thirty-eighth . .

900

Beresford . . .

Eighty-third . .

800

2nd. Under Brigadier-
Generftl Ferguson

Seventy-first
Seventy-second.
Ninety-third
Fifty-ninth . •
Company's recruits

800
600
800
900
200

.•'■ - ■ .

Seamen and marbes

uoo

Artillery ....

200

;■. ,„ ; ■:. ' ■.. ■ ' ■

Twentieth Light Dragoons.

800

Total.

7200

SEVENTT-raCOND RBOIMBNT or HIGHLANDERS. 39

surprise a body of tho enemy, encamped at a small ISOG
village; but the Dutch made a precipitate retreat,
and the regiment returned to its camp, whore it arrived
about eight o'clock.

At three o'clock on the morning of the 8th of January .
the Blue Mountains echoed the sound of tho British
bugles summoning the soldiers to arms, and when the
troops had advanced to the summit of the hills, the
Batavian army was seen formed, with twenty-three
pieces of cannon, in order of battle, in the valley in
front. The grenadiers of the twenty-fourth regiment
drove the Dutch mounted riflemen and jaggars from
the high grounds on the front and on the flank, and
the Highland brigade moved forward to engage the
opposing army. Nineteen Dutch guns sent forward
showers of bullets as the three British regiments
advanced rapidly upon their opponents; when within
five hundred yards, the enemy commenced with grape,
and when at two hundred and fifty yards distance, the
fire of musketry was opened along his whole front ; but
the advance of the brigade was too rapid for the enemy
to take correct aim. Arriving withiu one hundred and
fifty yards of the opposing line, the Highlanders levelled
their muskets with steady aim, advancing and firing,
until within sixty yards of their adversaries, when
Brigadier-General Ferguson gave the word " charge."
A loud British shout instantly rent the air, and the
heroic Highlanders closed with bayonets upon their
numerous adversaries, who instantly fled in dismay,
pursued across the deep sands by the victorious High-
land brigade. The Dutch marksmen on the right
flank, with two guns, keeping up a constant fire. Captain
Campbell of the seventy-second was detached against
them with his grenadier company ; he soon drove the

:.4J

HISTORICAL RECOBD OF THE

1806 Dutch sharp-shooters from the bushes, and was about
to charge the guns, but they were removed with too
much speed to be overtaken.

After gaining a complete victory, and pursuing the
enemy three miles under a burning sun, and along deep
sands, the Highlanders were ordered to halt, and the
first brigade urged the pursuit.*

Major General Sir David Baird stated in his public
despatch : —

"The Highland brigade advanced steadily under
•' a heavy fire of round shot, grape, and musketry.
" Nothing could resist the determined bravery of the
" troops, headed by their gallant leader, Brigadier-
" General Ferguson ; and the number of the enemy,
" who swa.aied the plain, served only to augment their
" ardour, and confirm their discipline. The enemy
" received our fire and maintained his position obsti-
" nately ; but in the moment of charging, the valour of
*' British troops bore down all opposition, and forced
" him to a precipitate retreat."

" Your lordship will perceive the name of Lieut.-
" Colonel Grant among the wounded ; but the heroic
" spirit" of this oflficer was not subdued by his misfortune,
" and he continued to lead his men to glory, as long as
" an enemy was opposed to His Majesty's seventy-
" SECOND regiment." *

The loss of the regiment was limited to two rank and

♦ " The soldiers suflTered excessively from the heat of the sun, which
" was as intense as I ever felt it in India ; though our fatigue was' ex-
" treme, yet, for the momentary halt we made, the grenadier company
" (seventy-second) requested the pipers might play them their regi-
" mental quick step, Capper fiedth, to which they danced a Highland
" Heel, to the utter astonishment of the fifty-ninth regiment, which was
" close in our rear." — Journal of Captain Campbell, Grenadier Company,
SEVENTV-SECOMD regiment.

SEYBNTT'SBOOND RBOIMBNT OF HIGHLANDERS. 41

file killed; Lieut.-Colonol Grant,* Lieutenant Chris- 1806
holme, two Berjeants, one drummer, and thirty-three
rank and file wounded.

The word " Cape op Good Hope," borne by royal
authority on the coloura of the regiment, commemorates
its distinguished gallantry on this occasion.

After the action, the army took up a position in the

Beit Valley ; on the 9th of January, the troops advanced

towards Cape Town, taking post on the south of Salt

River, and the town surrendered. Lieut.-General

Janssens had taken up a position in a pass leading to

the interior of the country. On the 10th of January,

the regiment marched to Wineberg barracks ; and on

the 11th, Lieutenant M'Arthurof the seventy -second

was detacheJ, with thirty men of the regiment, to take

possession of Hout^a Bay. " After Lieutenant M'Ar-

" thur's departure, it was ascertained that the enemy

*' had a strong garrison at Hout's Bay, and Major

" Tucker, of the seventy-second, was sent after him

" on horseback, to detain him until a reinforcement

" should arrive ; but the lieutenant had reached the

" vicinity of the place with much expedition, and finding

<' how matters stood, showed his men rank entire, and

" only partially, but to the most advantage. Hav-

" ing procured pen, ink, and paper, he summoned the

" garrison to unconditional surrender, otherwise he

" would blow the place about their ears, assault the

" works, and give no quarter. The Dutch immediately

" surrendered at discretion, and whenj^the major arrived,

" he found Lieutenant M* Arthur in full possession of

" the works, consisting of a strong block-house and two

" batteries." — See Captain Campbell's Journal.

• Afterwards Lieut.-G«n«k'ttl Sir Colquhoun Grant, K.C.B. and G C.H.,
Colonel of the Fifteenth, or King*! Hussars, who died in Deem! .t 1835.

- 4i

4»

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

■;'i

1806

\, ■• ,i'

Wineberg-Camp, 12th Janmry, 180f .

'^1

Brigade Order. — " In consequence of Brigadier-
"^ General Ferguson being ordered into Cape Town, he
" is under the necessity of taking a short leave of the
" Highland brigade. Short as his absence will be> he
" cannot go without returning his sincere thanks to
" every individual of the brigade he has the honor to
" command, for the zealous support he has received
" from the ojf&cers, and the uniform good behaviour
" of the men. Their conduct on the day of landing,
" the cheerfulness with which they have endured every
" fatigue and privation, and their distinguished bravery
" in the action of Blaw Berg, while it has gained them
" universal admiration, lays him under an obligation,
" which no time can obliterate from his memory."

On the same day that this order was issued the
regiment advanced up the country to co-operate with
the troops under Brigadier-General Beresford, and in
a few days the Batavian governor surrendered the
colony to the British arms. From this period the
important colony of the Cape of Good Hope has formed
part of the possessions of the British Crown.

After the surrender of the Cape, the head-quarters
of the SEVENTY-SECOND regiment were established at
Simon's Town, where the Hottentots in the Dutch pay
tendered their services to the British government, and
were afterwards formed into a corps, now the " Cape
Mounted Riflemen :" the regiment had also detach-
ments at Muisenberg, Hout's Bay, andOliphant's Bay,
and in September it took the garrison duty at Cape
Town.

1807 The regiment was stationed at Cape Town during

1808 the years 1807, 1808, and 1809 : in April of the latter

SEVENTY-SECOND REOIUENT OF HiaBLANDERS. 43

year KingOeorge III. approved of its discontinuing the .^^q
Highland Costume.

In February of this year the second battalion pro-
ceeded from Scotland to Ireland.

In February, 1810, the first battalion marched from 1810
Cape Town to Stellinbosch, and while stationed at this
place it was selected to form part of an expedition, de-
signed toco-operate with troops from Indiain the capture
of the Mauritius. It embarked eight hundred men, under
the command of Lieut.-Colonel Monckton, from Simon's
Town, on the 22nd of September, 1810, but various
circumstances occasioned a delay of nearly five weeks
before it commenced the voyage, and a landing of the
troops from India had taken place a few days before
the division from the Cape arrived. Its appearance oflf
the island was, however, particularly opportune, as
the French governor had previously resolved to defend
his lines before Port Louis, but when he saw the division
from the Cape approach the island, he lost all hope of
being able to make effectual resistance, and surrendered
this valuable colony to the British arms.

The regiment landed at Port Louis on the 7th of
December, and was selected to form part of the garrison
of the island.

On the 25th of September, 1811, the establishment 1811
of the first battalion was augmented to a thousand rank
and file, and it was completed by drafts from the second
battalion^ then in Ireland.

After performing duty at the Mauritius upwards of 1812
three years, tho regiment received orders to proceed to
North America, war having commenced between Great
Britain and the United States ; and it embarked from
Port Louis on the 27th of June, 1814, with orders to
proceed, in the first instance, to the Cape of Good

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

I i'

1814 Hope. The following General Orders wore issued on this
occasion, by Lieut.- General Sir Alexander Campbell : —
" In obeying the orders of His Royal Highness the com-
" mander-in-chief, for the removal of the first buttalion
" of the SEVENTY-SECOND regiment from these islands
" to the Cape of Good Hope, the Commander of the
" Forces is impelled, not less by the calls of justice and
•* public duty, than by his personal and private feelings,
" to express to Lieut.-Colonel Monckton, and all the
" officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates of
" that excellent, respectable, and valuable corps, how
" sensible he is of the loss this command sustains by
" their departure. The Lieut. -General, however, de-
" rives son consolation from the ardent hope he
" entertains that the regiment is proceeding to fields
" of glory; where opportunities will be aiForded for
" sustaining the high character it has already es-
" tablished, and adding to its well-earned fame, by
" fresh deeds of valour, emulating tnose of our most
*' distinguished battalions, whose prowi^ss and discipline
*' have rescued Europe from the tyrant's grasp. He
" requests their acceptance of his best thanks for their
" most exemplary good conduct, during the period he
'' has had the honor to have them under his orders,
*' and which he shall not fail to communicate to His
" Royal Highness the Commander-in-Chief, for our
" Sovereign's information, and likewise to His Excel-
" lency the Commander of the Forces at the Cape of
" Good Hope, a station where their gallantry and or-
*' derly behaviour are so well known and appreciated."
The design of sending the regiment to America was
afterwards abandoned, in consequence of the termination
of the war in Europe having rendered several other
corps disposable: the seventy-second lauded at the

8EVE\TY-8ECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 45

Capo of Good Hope, and was stationed at Cape 1814
Town.»

On tho 26th of April, 1815, Lieut.-General Rowland 1815
Lord Hill, G.C.B., was appointed Colonel of the
SEVENTY-SECOND regiment, from the ninety-fourth foot,
in succession to General Stuart, deceased.

After remaining at the Cape of Good Hope ten
months, the regiment received orders to . transfer its
services to India, to take part in the war with the
llajah of Napaul. Some delay occurred ia procuring

• In December of this year the regiment lost a valuable oflScer, Lieut.-
Colonet ItoNAttt Campbell, extracts from whose Journal have been given
in the preceding pages. He performed duty in India with the 36th
regiment ; and was appointed Ensign in the sevuntv-second, by com-
miniion dated the 20th of November, 1788. He was attached to the
grenadi;jr comp,-\ny during the war with Tippoo Sultan, and signalized
hlmtt«;lf on several occasions, particularly at the storming of Bangalore,
and at the capture of Savendroog; he also distinguished himself at both
the engagements near Seringapatam. His Journal, with the plans and
draw'ngs, contains a detailed account of the leading events of the war
wilh a description of the country ; they show the interest he took in his
profession, with a laudable desire to become well informed on military
subjects, and they prove him to have been an intelligent, brave, and
i^oalous officer. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in May
i7i)2 i and served at the capture of Pondicherry in 1793 ; also at the re-
duction o.'thr. Dutch settlements in Ceylon in 1795 ; in October, 1797, he
obtained the command of a company. In 1805 he was brigade-major to
Brigadier-Oeneral Mc Farlane, who commanded a portion of the
Western district in Ireland, and was afterwards appointed brigade-major
in Jomuioa, but resigned his situation on the staff of that island, to com-
mand his compr jy (the grenadiers) in the expedition to the Cape of
Good Hope, where he had udditional opportunities of distinguishing
himscif, nnd wos appointed Commissary of Prisoners. On the 22nd of
November, 1807, he was promotod major in his regiment, which he accom-
panied, in i810, with tb, expedition against the Mauritius, where many
valuable stores were captured, and he was nominated prize-agent to the
brigade from the Cape of Good Hope. In 1812 he was promoted to the
rank of lieut.-colonel in the army, and appoicied deputy adjutant-general
to the forces serving on the island of Jamaica. He performed the duties
of that situation two years, and fell a victim to the climate, his decease
taking place on the first night after his arrival at Portsmoutli, on the
Uth of December, 1814. He had the reputation of a virtuous, brave,
intelligent, humane officer, endowed with a strict sense of honor and
distinguished an a polite gentleman and scholar.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1815 transports; but on the 29th of June the head-quarters
embarked for Bengal, under Lieut.-Colonel Monckton,

< . and landed at Calcutta on the 5th of September ; the
remainder of. the regiment arrived soon afterwards.
The war had in the mean time terminated, and the
regiment was ordered to return to ' '^aoe of Good
Hope, proceeding, in the first i^ .u- „c the Mau-
ritius; the annexation of that islau'^ .c Great Britain,
by the treaty of peace which was concluded after the
removal of Bonaparte from the throne of France,
having been followed by circumstances which rendered
the augmentation of the garrison necessary. The
regiment embarked from Fort William in November,
and arrived at Port Louis in. the early part of January

1816 1816; but the garrison had previously been re-inforced
by the fifty-sixth regiment from Madras, and the
detention of the seventy-second was not necessary.

From the Mauritius the regiment continued its
voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived in
Table Bay on the 14th of February; but having
touched at the Mauritius, where an epidemic disease
prevailed, it was detained in quarantine until the 3rd
of March, when it landed at Cape Town.

The termination of the war in Europe and North
America had been followed by the reduction of the
strength of the army, and the second battalion of the
SEVENTY-SECOND regiment was disbanded at London-
derry on the 3rd cf January, 1816; the men were sent
to the Isle of Wight for the purpose of joining the
first battalion. The regiment had, however, returned
from India, and its numbers being above the esta-
blishment of a corps on the Cape station, they were
permitted either to volunteer to regiments not com-
plete, or receive their discharge. The establishment,

I-,

>JteL. S:

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 47

at this period, was fifty-four officers, one thousand 1816
and seventy-seven non-commissioned officers and
soldiera ; but a reduction of thirteen officers and two
hundred and ten soldiers was soon afterwards made.

In October one company of the regiment was
detached to the frontiers of the colony, to relieve a
company of the eighty-third regiment, which had been
detached a considerable period.

Lieut.-General Lord Hill was removed to the fifty- 1817
third regiment, in February, 1817, and was succeeded
in the colonelcy of the sevent if -second, by Major-
General Sir George Murray, G.C.B., G.C.H.

On the 10th of June four companies of the regiment
embarked at Simon's Town, for Algoa Bay, where they
arrived in fifty-four hours, and marched from thence
to Graham's Town, the frontier head-quarters, to
relieve the twenty-first light dragoons, who were
ordered to proceed to India. These companies were
distributed in detachments along the bank of the Great
Fish River, to occupy posts established a short time
previously, and to construct others, in continuation of
a chain, to protect the frontiers against the depredations
of the warlike tribes of Kafirs, who maintained a
constant state of preparation for aggression and acts
of hostility, and whose propensities appear more suited
to plunder and warfare, than the cultivation of their
country. This proved an arduous and toilsome duty,
in a country nearly devoid of resources, infested by
savage animals and marauding Kafirs ; the soldiers
lived under canvas, were frequently exposed to the
inclemency of the weather, especially while construct-
ing new posts, and patrols were constantly moving
from station to station ; yet the men were preserved,
by the care and attention of their officers, remarkably

1.^

ffe^

l:!i.

.*Jsa. S:

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1817 healthy, and the eldest soldiers, who had been long
accustomed to the comparative ease and luxury of the
service at the Mauritius and Cape Town, performed
this difficult duty with facility.

1819 Notwithstanding every effort made to cover the
country, depredations were frequently committed, and
a party of Kafirs having succeeded in stealing a
luantity of cattle from a Dutch farmer, in the begin-
ning of February, 1819, the circumstance was reported
to Captain Gethin, who was stationed at De Bruins
Drift. The captain instantly pursued the robbers,
with a few soldiers, accompanied by a number of
Dutch farmers, mounted and armed ; he came up with
the cattle in a country covered with thick underwood,
and trusting to the support of the armed farmers, in
the event of an attack, he entered the bush with a few
men, and was proceeding to drive out the cattle, when
the party in advance was surrounded and attacked by
a number of Kafirs armed with spears and clubs.
The captain and his small party made a determined
resistance ; but the farmers stood aloof, leaving the
soldiers to perish. Captain Gethin was overpowered,
and fell pierced with thirty-two wounds; one serjeant
and one private soldier were also killed on this occasion.
Captain Gethin was a highly respected, brave, and
intelligent officer ; he had distinguished himself in the
Peninsular war, particularly at the siege of St.
Sebastian, and had been rewarded with promotion;
his death was much regretted.

1821 A detachment of the regiment continued on the
frontiers, and took an active part in the border warfare
with the Kafirs, whose predatory iiabits it was found
difficult to restrain; the head-quarters remained at
Cape Town, with detachments at Simon's Town and

SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF UIQULANDERS. 49

Robben Island, until December, 1821, when it was 1821
relieved by the sixth regiment, and embarked for
England. Two contpanies remained behind three
mcuchs for the want of transport, and fifty soldiers of
gooi^. character who had claims to pension, were pcr-
mi<,tud to settle in the country.

On the departure of the regiment from the Cape,
the Governor, General Lord Charles Somerset, was
pleased to express, in orders, his approbation of the
conduct of the c.oi'i during its stay at that colony, and
to add, that he should not fail to make known its
excellent behaviour to the Commander-in-Chief, and
to recommend it to His Royal Highness's particular
favour and protection.

In March, 1822, the regiment landed at Portsmouth, 1822
from whence it proceeded to Fort Cumberland, and
in May to Plymouth, whei'e the two companies left at
the Cape, joined in June. In July the regiment
embarked for Woolwich, v^here it occupied part of the
Horse Artillery barracks.

The regiment was removed to the islands of Jersey 1823
and Guernsey in M?y, 1823.

Major- General Sir George Murray was removed to
the forty-second; the Royal Highland regiment, in
September, 182C and was succeeded by Lieut.-General
Sir John Hope from the ninety-second regiment.

The excellent conduct of the regiment on all occasions,
which had procured for it the commendations of
the general ofucers under whom it had served,
had been rep^iledly brought before the Com-
mander-in-Chief, His Royal Highness the Duke of
York and Albany, by the commanders of the colonies in
which it had ser\ ( J, and had been communicated to
His Majesty, Kiug George IV., who was graciously

HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUB

1823 pleased to authorise, on the 11th of Decc aioer, 1823,
its resuming the Highlamd Costume, with this
difference, that the officer" and men should wear trews
instead' of kilts : at the - ivae time the King was
pleased to approve of its assuming, as a special mark
of royal favour and approbation, the title of the
" Seventy-second, or the Duke of Albany's Own
" Highlanders."

1824 ^^ quitting the islands of Jersey and Guernsey in
April, 1824, the regiment received a vote of thanks
and approbation from the principal inhabitants and
public functionaries of the former, and a similar docu-
ment from the Royal Court of the latter, expressing
their high sense and admiration of its discipline, and
of the peaceful and orderly behaviour of the non-com-
missioned officers and soldiers. The regiment embarked
from Jersey and Guernsey in April, and proceeded to
Plymouth, to relieve the sixty -first foot.

In June His Majesty approved of the regiment
assuming, as a regimental badge, the Duke of
Albany's Cipher and Coronet, to be borne on the
regimental colour.

From Plymouth, the regiment embarked for Scotland
on the 31st of August : it landed at Newhaven on the
13th of September, and was met on the beach by its
Colonel, Lieut. -General Sir John Hope, who marched
into Edinburgh Castle at its head : the regiment
afterwards sent detachments to Stirling, Fort William,
and Dumbarton.

1825 New colours having been prepared for the Duke of
Albany's Own Highlanders, the regiment wag
assembled at Brurtsfield Links, on the 1st of August,
18i^5, under Lieut.-Colonel Calvert. The new colours
were presented to the Colonel, Lieut. -General Sir

8EVKNTY-SBC0ND REOIMENT Or HIOHLANDEKS. 51

" have been pri
" ment by La(!
" not addrcBBin^
" character have y*

John Hopo, by Lady IIopo, with a suitable address ; 1825
they were afterwards consecrated by the Chaplain, the
Rev. Mr. Moon, in an eloquent prayer, in which he
implored the God of Battles ever to crown them with
honour and victory ; Sir John Hope then presented
them to the regiment, which was formed in square to
receive them, and said : —

"In delivering . y^ur charge these colours, which

1 to the flEVENTY-SECOND TCgi-

' nm fully aware that I am
^cd corps, whose name and
cquired. As it has pleased
" His Majesty to confer m distinguished an honour on
" the regiment, as to permit the seventy -second to
" assume the name of the Duke of Albany's Own
" Highlanders, I cannot omit congratulating the
" corps on having received so flattering and honorable
** a mark of approbation, and expressing my conviction,
" that this additional badge, which is now placed on
" these colours, will afford a new and powerful induce-
" ment for maintaining the high character which the
" seventy-second regiment has so long and so de-
" servedly possessed, I feel particularly gratified that
" the honour of delivering these colours has devolved
" on me, and that their presentation should also have
" taken place in the capital of the country where the
" regiment was first raised, and after its return from
" a long period of honorable and distinguished service.
" The country being now at peace, there is no oppor-
" tunity for the skventy-second to gain fresh honours
" by victories in the field ; but the regiment may
" deserve and obtain almost equal honour and credit
" by setting an example of discipline and good conduct
" on home service, which becomes now particularly

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

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fer.

1.0

1.1

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£ U£ 12.0

IL25 HI 1.4

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Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STRIET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO

(716) S72-4503

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

11',

1825 (( incumbent when so highly distinguished by being
** named after His Royal Highness the Commander-in«
" Chief, to whom the whole army is indebted for the
" present state of order and discipline to which it has
" attained. That the seventy- second will ever con-
** tinue to deserve the approbation of His Koyal High-
" ncss I make no doubt : and I have now to offer my
" most sincere good wishes for the prosperity of the
" corps collectively, and of every individual officer,
" non-commissioned officer, and private soldier of the
" regiment."

Towards the end of July, routes were received for
marching to Port Patrick, for embarkation for Ireland;
and before quitting Edinburgh, the regiment received
the thanks of the Lord Provost and Magistrates for its
exemplary conduct ; it landed at Donaghadee on the
26th of August ; and the head-quarters were established
at Belfast. .; ; 1. v /

1826 In September, 1826, the regiment marched to London-
derry, from whence nineteen detachments were sent

1827 out; and in May, 1827, the detachments were called in,
and the whole proceeded to Dublin.

Orders were received in September to form six service
and^ur depot companies ; the service companies em-
barked for Liverpool, from whence they proceeded to
London, where they arrived on the 9th of October, and
took the duty at the Tower.

1828 On the 5th of January, 1828, the first life guards,
royal horse guards, four battalions of foot guards, and
the seventy- second regiment, were reviewed on the
parade in St. James s park, by Field-Marshal the Duke
of Wellington, in presence of Don Miguel, Infant of
Portugal. - V. ^. • ;/i-v ' '

In April the regiment marched to Canterbury, where

SEVENTY- SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 53

it was inspected on the 2nd of June by General Lord 1828
Hill, commanding-in-chief, who was pleased to state,— >
" That although it had been his lot to see and servo
" with most of the regiments in the service, he felt he
" should not be doing full justice to the seventy-second
" Highlanders, if he did not express his particular r
" approbation of every thing connected with them, and
" add, he had never before seen a regiment their equal
" in movements, in appearance, and in steadiness under ^
" anns."

The regiment remained at Canterbury until the end
of June, when it marched to Gravesend, where it em-
barked, under the orders of Lieut.-Colonel Arbuthnot,
for the Cape of Good Hope — a colony where the repu-
tation of the corps was established, and it landed at
Cape Town in September and October following.

In May, 1830, the dep6t companies were withdrawn 1830
from Ireland, and landing at Glasgow, were stationed
in Scotland during the five following years.

While the service companies were stationed in Cape 1833
Town, the aggressions of the Kafir tribes, which are
divided into three nations, — the Amapendas, the Tam-
bookies, and the Amakosa, assumed a formidable and
an atrocious character previously unknown. The
colonial boundary extended, on one side, to the Keis-
kanima, but a chief named '^lacoma, had been per-
mitted to reside within the British territory. Owing
to some atrocities committed by him and his followers
on the Tambookies, which were attended with the
shedding of human blood within the colony, he was dc<
prived of the lands he held by sufferance in the British
territory. His expulsion was, however, not strictly
enforced until 1833, when he was removed beyond the
boundary, and he became violently exasperated against

:'<*vttf*-k',

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE 'i *^'.* VifrS

1833 the British. The predatory habits of the Kafirs also
led to disiputes, when the British were searching for
stolen property, and the lenity observed towards the
aggressors emboldened them, and occasioned them to
become more audacious in their attacks. v^.n*

1834 Towards the end of 1834 thousands of Kafirs ruslied
into the colony, and commenced the work of murder,
rapine, and devastation by fire, among the settlers.

1835 The seventy-second Highlanders were stationed at
Cape Town, when the news of these alarming events
arrived at the seat of government, and they were im-
mediately ordered towards the frontiers. Three com-
panies sailed for Algoa Bay, on the 2nd of January,
1835, and arrived at that place on the 10th ; the other
three companies advanced up the country by horse
waggons; and as the regiment approached Graham's

" Town, it traversed the scenes of outrage, and witnessed
the ruins of once flourishing farms bearing marks of
savage vengeance ; the town was found barricaded, and
the houses turned to fortifications. Ten thousand
Kafirs had penetrated '^e colony, and the smoke of
ruined farms, with tl '.es of widows and orphans,
were seen and heard on every side.

Having advanced towards the frontiers, the head-
quarters were established at Graham's Town, and
detachments were employed in chasing the vengeful
marauders from the confines of the British possessions.
Preparations were made to carry hostilities into the
heart ofKafirland, to visit with necessary chastisement
the atrocious aggressions of the tribes, and to enforce
such measures as should be calculated to prevent the
recurrence of similar outrages. The force assembled
for this service was divided into four columns : the first
was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel John Peddie,K.H.,

SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 55

SEVENTY-SECOND Tegimeiit; it consisted of a detach- 1835
mcnt of the royal artillery with two guns, a detachment
of the Cape mounted riflemen, the seventy-second
Highlandera, a provisional battalion, and the SwelleU'
daham burghers; and in the middle of March it
advanced to the right bank of the Keiskamma, frpm
whence it penetrated into the interior of Kafirland.
The predatory tribes were incapable of offering serious
opposition; they were chastised for their atrocious
conduct, subdued, deprived of a portion of their ter-
ritory bordering on the frontiers of the colony, and such
additional precautionary measures were adopted as
appeared necessary to ensure the safety of the British
subjects.

The SEVENTY -second Highlanders were employed in
Kafirland during the months of April and May : the
head-quarters were afterwards established at King
William's Town until October, when they were re-
moved to Graham's Town.

In June of this year the depot companies proceeded
from Scotland to Ireland.

On the death of Lieut.-General Sir John Hope, the 1836
colonelcy of the regiment was conferred on Major-
General Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B., from the ninety -
ninth foot, by commission dated the 1 5th of August, 1 836.
'■*'■ The head-quarters of the service companies remained 183*
at Graham's Town three years, frimishing detachments
along the frontiers, occupying posts, and performing
much trying aud difficult service : in October, 1838, 1838
they were relieved from this duty, and returned to
Cape Town.

In May, 1838, the dep6t companies returned to
Scotland.

During the year 1839 the service companies were 1839

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

1839 stationed at Cape Town, and the depdt companies at
Paisley and Dundee.

1 840 After taking part in the important duty of protecting
the possessions of Great Britain at the Cape of Good
Hope nearly twelve years, the service companies were
relieved in April, 1840, and returned to England, and
disembarked at Portsmouth on the 8th of June fol-
lowing : the regiment was subsequently stationed at
Fort Cumberland: the depot had proceeded from
North Britain to Portsmouth in May, 1840, >,• • -^

The following general order was issued by Major-
General Sir George Napier, K.C.B., commanding the
forces at the Cape of Good Hope, on the 10th of April,
1840, upon the embarkation of the seventy-second
for England: —

"His Excellency the Commander-in-Chief cannot
" permit the seventy-second Highlanders to embark
" for England, from the colony of the Cape of Good
" Hope, in which they have been stationed for the long
" period of twelve years, without his expressing his
" marked approbation of the conduct of this highly
'' disciplined and exemplary corps while under his
" immediate command ; and from the reports His
*' Excellency has received from Colonel Smith, the
" Deputy-Quarter Master- General, under whose orders
" this regiment has been during the greater part of the
" above period, including a very arduous and active
" service in the Field, His Excellency is enabled to
" record, which he does with great satisfaction, the very
*' meritorious services of the seventy-second High-
*♦ landers, in whatever duty they have been engaged
" whether in the Field or in Quarters.

*' His Excellency begs to assure Major Hope, the
** officers, non-commissioned officers, and soldiers of

SEVENTY-8B0OND RBOIMBNT OF HIGHLANDERS. 57

" the 8RVBMTY-SEC0ND rogimont, that he will ever fed 1840
*• a lively interest in their welfare."

In July, 1841, the regiment proceeded from Ports-
mouth to Windsor. *

On the 26th of January, 1842, new colours were 1842
presented to the seventy-second Highland regiment
by Field-Marshal His Grace the Duke of Wellington,
in the quadrangle of Windsor Castle, the ceremony
being honoured by the presence of Her Majesty Queen
Victoria, Prince Albert, the King of Prussia, and
other distinguished fiersonagcs. The following is the
Duke of Wellington's address to the regiment on this
interesting occasion :—

" Colonel Arbutunot,* and you, Gentlemen, Officers,
" and you, Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers, of
" the SEVKNTY-SECOND Highland regiment,- I have
" attended here this day, in compliance with the wishes
" of your Commanding Officer, and by permission of Her
" Majesty, to present to you your new colours. These
" colours have been consecrated by one of the highest
" dignitaries of our Church, and are presented to you
" in the presence of Her Majesty, and of her Illustrious
" and Royal Guest the King of Prussia, of Prince
" Albert, and a number of most distinguished per-
" sonages. They are composed of the colours of the
" three nations, and bear the cipher of Her Majesty ;
" and I have no doubt, from your previous character

* Colonel Cbarlef George James Arbuthnot was appointed fromthe
half-pay unattached to the bevemty-skcomd regiment on the 25th of
September, 1826, and on the nth on May, 1831, was removed to thelnine-
tieth light infantry ; on the 23rd of Febmary, 1838, he exchanged to his
former regiment, the mvkmtv-ip^omd; and on the 28th of June of that
year, he was promoted colonel by brevet. In November, 1841, he was
appointed one of the Kquerrics to Her Majesty, and on the 14th of April,
134% was removed to the hulf-pay unattached.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE

tny.''*a

s <&i.

1842 ** and your present high state of discipline, that you
" will guard them under every circumstance, to the
" utmost of your power. These Colours you are hence-
" forth to consider as your Head-Quarters, and in
" every circumstance, in all times of privation and of
'* distress, you will look to them as your rallying
" point ; and I would again remind you, that their
" presentation is witnessed by the Monarch of one of
" the most powerful nations in Europe — a nation which
*' boasts of an army which has heretofore been a pattern
" for all modern troops, — and which has done so much
" towards contributing to the general pacification of
" Europe. I have long known the seventy-second
" Highland Regiment. Half a century has now nearly
" elapsed since I had the pleasure of serving in the
" same Army with them in the Plains of Hindoostan ;
•' since that period they have been engaged in the
" conquest of some of the most valuable colonies of
" the British Crown ; and latterly, in performing most
«' distinguished services at the Cape of Good Hope-
'' Fourteen years out of the last sixteen they have
" spent on Foreign service ; and with only eighteen
" months at home for their re-formation and their
" re-disciplining, appear in their present high state
" of regularity and order. The best part of a long
** life has been spent by me in Barracks, Camps, and
" Cantonments, and it has been my duty, as well as
*' my inclination, always to study how best to promote
" the health and discipline of the troops ; and I have
" always found it. only to be done by paying the strictest
*' regard to regularity and good order, and the greatest
" attention to the orders of their Officers. I address
" myself now particularly to the older soldiers, and
<' wish them to understand that their strict attention

8EVBNTT-8ECOMD REGIMENT OF HIGHLANDERS. 59

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to their discipline, and respect to their superiors, hA2
will often have the best effect on the younger soldiers;
and it is, therefore, their duty to set a good example
to their juniors by so doing; and by these means
alone can they expect to command the respect and
regard of the community amongst whom they are
employed. I have made it my business to enquire
particularly, and am rejoiced to find that the sbvemtt-^^-^H
SECOND have always commanded that respect and
regard, wherever they have been stationed, to which
their high state of discipline and good order so justly
entitle them. You will, I am sure, always recollect
the circumstances under which these Colours are now
given into your charge ; having been consecrated by
one of the highest dignitaries of the Church, in the
presence of Her Majesty, who now looks down upon
you, and of her Royal Visitor : and I give them into c
your chai^, confident that at all times, under all l
circumstances, whether at home or abroad, and in i
all privations, you will rally round them, and protect
them to the utmost of your power."
Colonel Arbuthnot, in reply, said :— ^ "
" My Lord Duke, — It would be highly presumptuous
in me, if I were to make an^- reply to the address
which your Grace has deliverea vo us ; but I cannot
avoid stating that it is impossible for me, and indeed,
I may add, out of the power of any one to express,
how deeply I, my Ofiicers, Non-Commissioned
Officers, and Men, feel the high honour which has
been conferred on us, by having had our Colours pre-
sented to us by the greatest Soldier the world has
ever seen, and that in the presence of our Sovereign,
His Majesty the King of Prussia, and Field-Marshal
His Royal Highness Prince Albert."

■i.i'T

«0

HISTORICAL RECORD OF TUB

1843 The regiment remained at Windsor until April, 1 842,
when it proceeded to Salford Barracks, from thence
to Blackburn, and in September to Bolton, Lanca«
shire.

1843 In April, 1843, the seventy-second regiment pro*
ceeded to Dublin, and in August to Templemorei
marching from thence to Fermoy in September.

1844 Quitting Fermoy on the 2nd of July,'1844,^the regi-
ment proceeded to Buttevant, and on the 28th of
September to Cork, having been put under orders for
Foreign service. The six service companies, under the
command of Lieut.*Coloncl Lord Arthur Lennox, cm-
barked for Gibraltar in Her Majesty's troopship
Resistance, from Cork, on the 27th of November, 1844,
and disembarked at their destination on the 12th of
December following. I .. '

1845 "^^^ depdt companies marched from Cork to Tern-

1846 plemore in April, 1845, and to Ncnagh in February,

1847 1846. In September, 1847, they proceeded to Charles
Fort, near Kinsale, and in December were removed to
Scotland, and stationed at Paisley.

The regiment remained at Gibraltar until February,
1848, and on the 15th of that month embarked for
Barbadoes under the command of Lieut.- Colonel Gas-
coyne, on board the Bombay transport. The following
letter was addressed by General Sir Robert Wilson,
Governor of Gibraltar, to the Adjutant-General re*
porting the embarkation : — nm ' I

ill j0 o Gibraltar, 15th of February, 1848.

" Sir,

" I have the honour to acquaintyou that Her Majesty's

" SEVENTY-SECOND regiment embarked this morning on

" board the transport Bombay, and I have the satis-

" faction to add, that up to the last moment this disr

1848

ME VENTY- SECOND RBOIMENT OF HIOHLANDBRS. 61

tinguifhed corps conducted itself so as to merit the '^^^
highettt approbation that could be bestowed on the
commanding officer, officers, non-commissioned officers,
and privates for military qualities, and general de-
portment towards the community at largo.
1 have, &c.

R. T.Wilson,

General and Governor."

The SBVBNTT-SKCOND arrived at Barbadoes on the
14th of March, 1848.

The depdt companies continued in North Britain,
until the 18th of May, when they embarked for
England, under Lieut.-Colonel C. M. Maclean, and
arrived at Shecmess on the 24th of May, at which
period this Record is concluded.

1848.

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[ 63 ]

' T^-f" *'?*'

•tr

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS

THE SETENTY-SECOND, "'""""S

OBTHB

DUKE OF ALBANY'S OWN HIGHLANDERS.

Kenneth, Earl of Seaforth,
Appointed LietU.- Colonel Commandant 29th Dec. 1777.

Kenneth Mackenzie, grandson of William fifth Earl of
Seaforth^ who was deprived of his title and estates hy act of
attainder, for joining the rebellion headed by the Earl of Mar
in 1715, adopted a line of conduct more consistent with the
best interestb of his country, than that pursued by his ances*
tors, and was a zealous supporter of the house of Hanover*
He was created Baron of Ardelve in the county of WickloWt
and Viscount of Fortrose, in Scotland, in 1766, and advanced
to the dignity of Earl of Seafosth, in Ireland, in 1771.
Grateful for these marks of royal favour, and anxious to pro-
mote the well-being of the kingdom, when Great Britain was
engaged in war with the United States, and menaced by
France, Spain, and Holland,. he tendered his services .o raise
a regiment of Highlanders, now the sbventt-skcond, of
which he was appointed lieut.-colonel commandant by com>
mission dated the 29th of December, 1777. His corps was
soon fit for active service, and was admired for its warlike
appearance. He embarked with it for the East Indies, and
died on the passage in August, 1781» when his titles beCMQe
extinct. ■-', ■<^'i.-,.^-> A^- idioivr ^v.: .

Thomas Frederick Mackenzie Humberston,

Appointed Lieut.- Colonel Commandantf 13th Feb, 1782.

Thomas Frederick Mackenzie Humberston, grandson
of Colonel the Honorable Alexander Mackenzie, second son
of Kenneth fourth Earl of Seaforth, was appointed Comet in

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

the first dragoon guards in June, 177f ; in 1775 he was promoted '
to a Lieutenancy, and in 1777 to Captain of a troop in the
same corps. He took great interest in the formation of the
Highland corps raised by his cousin, the Earl of Seaforth,
now the seventy-second, or the Ouke of Albany's Own
Highlanders, in which regiment he was appointed Captain in
January, 1778, and Major in March, 1779. He was quartered
with his regimentat Jersey,and tookan active share in repulsing
the attempt made by a body of French troops to land on that
island on the 1st of May, 1779. He afterwards took an active
part in the formation of another corps of Highlanders, which
was numbered the 100th regiment, of which he was appointed
Lieut.-Colonel Commandant on the 5th of August, 1 7 80. Soon
after its formation, the 100th regiment was selected to form
part of an expedition against the Cape of Good Hope, and its
commandant had the local rank of Colonel in the expedition ;
the naval part of the enterprise was under the direction of Com-
modore Johnstone. While the fleet was at Praya Bay, in
St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verd Islands, it was suddenly
attacked by a French squadron ; Colonel Humberston happened
to be on shore at the time ; but so great was his ardour to
share in the enterprise, that he swam to one of the ships that
was engaged with the enemy, who was repulsed. In the
meantime the Dutch garrison at the Cape had been rein-
forced, the project of attacking that colony was laid aside,
and Colonel Humberston proceeded with the land force to
Bombay, where he arrived on the 22nd of January, 1782.

In the meantime the Earl of Seaforth had died on the
passage, without male issue, and Colonel Humberston pur-
chased his estates, and succeeded him in the command of the
regiment, now seven'iy-second Highlanders.

After a short stay at Bombay, Colonel Humberston sailed
for Madras, but receiving alarming news on the voyage, of
the success of Hyder Ali, he called a council of war, which
decided, that a diversion on the Malabar side of Hyder's
dominions would be likely to prove of great advantage to the
British interest ; he accordingly landed at Calicut on the
18th of February, with a' thousand men, and joining Major
Abington's Sepoys, assumed the command of the united force.
He took the field, drove Hyder's troops before him, and
captured several forts. The monsoon approaching, he returned
to Calicut, and placed the troops in quarters ] he afterwards

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

concluded a treaty with the sovereign of Travancore, who
reinforced him with twelve hundred men. In September he
again advanced — obtained possession of Ramjarree, and ap«
preached Palacatcherry, and had the misfortune to lose a por-
tion of his baggage, when an attack was made on his rear.
Hyder Ali detached his son Tippoo Saib against Colonel
Humberston, with twenty thousand men ; this force approached
the British division and attacked its rear. After fighting
every step of a long march, the colonel arrived at the river
Paniane, which appeared impassable, but, after a painful search
of two hours, a deep ford was found, and the soldiers passed
the river, up to the chin in water, and only lost two black
camp followers ; they afterwards gained the fort of Panian^.
Tippoo expected to find Colonel Humberston's force an easy
prey, and neglected to keep strict watch ; he was surprised to
find the British had passed the river. He afterwards attempted
to carry the lines at Panianii by assault ; but was repulsed
with severe loss on the 28th of November. He blockaded
the fort until he heard of his father's death, when he with*
drew.

Colonel Humberston afterwards joined the troops under
Major-General Matthews, and was employed in several opera-
tions on the Malabar coast. He subsequently accompanied
Colonel Macleod to Bombay, to make some representations to
the council, and sailed from thence, on the 5th of April, 1783,
in the Ranger, to rejoin the army. Three days afterwards
that vessel was attacked by the Mahratta fleet, and after a
desperate resistance of five hours, was taken possession of.
Every officer on board was either killed or wounded, and
among them the gallant Colonel Humberston was shot through
the body with a four-pound ball, of which he died at Geriah
on the 30th of April, 1783.

James Murray.

Appointed Lieut.* Colonel Commandant, 1st Novetnber^
1783, and Colonel in 1786. ,

Jambs Murray, second son of Lord George Murray, who
was lieut.-general of the Pretender's forces during the rebel-
lion in 1745 and 1746, served many years in the Forty-second
Highlanders, in which corps he was appointed Captain on the

SUCCESSION or COLONELS.

20th of July, 1757. He eerved with his regiment in North
America, under General Sir Jeifery (afterwards Lord) Am-
herst, and after the conquest of Canada in 1 760 he returned
to Europe, and served under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick
in Germany, where he received a musket-ball in the breast,
which could never be extracted, and which prevented his
being able to lie in a recumbent posture during the remainder
of his life. In 1769 he was promoted to captain and lieut.-
colonel third foot guards, and was promoted to the rank of
colonel on the 18th of December, 1777. He took an active
part in the formation of the regiment of Highlanders raised
by his uncle, John fourth Duke of Athol, which was
numbered the 77th regiment, and he was appointed to the
colonelcy by commission dated the 25th of December, 1777 :
in 1782 he was promoted to the rank of major-general. At
the peace in 1783, when the Athol Highlanders were dis-
banded, he was nominated commandant of the Seventy-eighth,
now SBVENTT-SECOND Highlanders. He was appointed
governor of Fort William, in Scotland ; was many years a
member of parliament for the county of Perth, and was pro-
moted to the rank of lieut.-general in 1793. He died on the
19th of March, 1794. About eight weeks before his death
he was stopped by two footpads on Hounslow Heath, when
he jumped out of his carriage, drew a dirk, wounded one, and
put both to flight.

Adam Williamson. -

Appointed \9th March, n94.

Adam Williamson entered the army in the reign of King
George II., and on the 2l8t of April, 1760, he was promoted cap-
tain in the fortieth regiment. He served in North America
during the seven years' war, and in 1770 he was promoted to
the majority of the sixty-first foot, with which corps he served
at the island of Minorca; on the 9th of December, 1775, he
was promoted to, the lieut.-colonelcy of the eighteenth regi-
ment, which corps he commanded many years with credit to
himself, and advantage to the service. On the 20th of April,
1790, he was rewarded with the rank of major-general, and in
July following with the colonelcy of the forty-seventh regi-
ment, from which he was removed in 1794 to the sBVentt-

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

iBCOND Highlanders. In January, 1797, he was promoted to
the rank of lieut-gcneral ; he was also honored with the
dignity of Knight of the Order of the Bath, and appointed
governor of Jamaica. His death took place on the 2l8t of
October, 1798, and was occasioned by a fall.

"■;■■' V '•' •'!• V-.' James Stuart. .. -v?.. .,,., „ ,:--,4

" *" Appointed 2Srd October^ 179S. 4^

James Stuart commenced his career of brilliant and honor-
able service, as ensign in the sixty-fourth regiment, in
October, 1761 ; in 1764 he was promoted to a lieutenancy,
and in 1768 he accompanied the regiment to North America,
where he was advanced to captain of the grenadier company
in 1,770. He was stationed at Boston when hostilities com-
menced between Great Britain and the colonies in North
America. He shared in the severe duties at Boston during
the winter of 1775-6, when that town was blockaded on the
land side by the Americans, and subsequently proceeded to
Halifax, from whence he sailed with the expedition towards
New York, and was employed, under General Sir William
Howe, in the reduction of Long Island, in August, 1*776, also
in the movements by which possession was gained of New
York, and the Americans forced from their positions at White
Plains, which was followed by the capture of Fort Washington
and Fort Lee. In the summer of 1777 he was engaged in
operations in the Jerseys, and afterwards in the expedition to
Pennsylvania ; he was engaged at the battle of Brandy wine,
and in repulsing the attack of the Americans on the position
at Qermantown. In the winter he was selected, as an officer
of ability and experience, for the commission of major in the
regiment of Highlanders, raised by the Earl of Seaforth, now
the SEVENTY-SECOND, OT Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders,
to which he was appointed by commission dated the 18th of
December, 1777 ; but he did not arrive from America until
August, 1778. He accompanied his regiment to the East
Indies in 1781, with the local rank of lieut.-colonel in that
country, and on the 2nd of June, 1782, he was at the action
with the forces of Hyder Ali near Amee, under Lieut.-General
Sir Eyre Coote. He commanded his regiment, in which he
had been appointed lieut.-colonel in February, 1782, under

!'X

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

Major-General Stuart, in the action near Cudalore, on the
13th of June, 1783, and was commended in the general's
public despatch, and in orders. He served 'at the siege of
Cudalore ; and subsequently penetrated into the Mysore under
Colonel FuUerton, and was at the capture of the fortresses of
Palacatcherry and Coimbetore. In 1788 he commanded a
detachment sent against the refractory Rajah of the little
Murwar country, when he engaged his opponents at
Kallengoody, and captured Caliacoil, the capital. When
Tippoo Sultan attacked the Rajah of Travancore, a British
ally, Lieut.- Colonel Stuart commanded the left wing of the
army assembled on Trichinopoly plain under Major-General
Medows, and penetrated the Mysore. After the capture of
Caroor, Daraporum, and Coimbetore, he was detached on the
23rd of July, 1790, against Palacatcherry, but his progress
was impeded by heavy rains and mountain torrents, and his
force was too weak for the reduction of the fortress ; he there-
fore returned to Coimbetore. He was again detached, on the
2nd of August, against the fortress of Dindigal, which he
took after a short siege. He afterwards traversed the country
to Palacatcherry, which he besiged, and, when a practicable
breach was made in the works, the garrison surrendered. He
subsequently rejoined the army with his detachment, and was
commended in general orders ; and he took part in the opera-
tions of the campaign, evincing great personal bravery and
ability on all occasions.

Lieut.-Colonel Stuart commanded the right wing of the
army under General Charles Earl Gornwallis, K.G., during
the campaign of 1791 ; and after the capture of Bangalore the
commander-in-chief expressed in orders his ** most grateful
** remembrance of the valuable and steady support afforded
" him by Lieut.-Colonel Stuart." The lieut.-colonel also
evinced personal gallantry and judgment at the battle near
Seringapatam on the 15th of May, 1791 , and in the other opera-
tions of this arduous campaign, including the retreat to Ban-
galore. On the 9th of December he was detached against
Savendroog, which he captured by storm on the 21st of that
month; and three days afterwards he took the fortress of
Outra-Durgum by a coup de main, for both of which services
he was highly commended in general orders. He commanded
the centre division, under Earl Comwallis, at the attack of

BUCCEMION OF COLONELS.

the fortified linei at Seringapatam on the 6th of February,
1792, when he again diitinguiihed himaelf, and also in the
subsequent operations until the power of Tlppoo was subdued,
and he solicited terms of peace. On the 8th of August, 1792,
he was honored with the appointment of aide-de-camp to the
King, with the rank of colonel ; and in February, 1795, he
was promoted to the rank of Major-General. He commanded
the expedition against the Dutch Settlements in the island of
Ceylon, captured Trincomalee after a short siege, took the
forts and island of Manaar, and completed the conquest of the
Dutch colony at Ceylon by the reduction of Colombo in
February, 1796. On the 3rd of May following he was pro-
moted to the local rank of lieut.-general in the East Indies,
and appointed commander-in-chief of the army under the
Bombay presidency. On the 2nd of March, 1797, he was
appointed colonel of the eighty-second regiment, and in 1798
he was removed to the seventy -second Highlanders.

When Tippoo Sultan sought union with the republican
government of France, for the purpose of waging war against
the British power in India, Lieut.-General Stuart commanded
the forces from Bombay, which co-operated from Malabar, in
the invasion of the Mysore. Having passed the eastern
frontier, he was met by Tippoo at the head of a numerous
force, and he repulsed the attack of the Mysorean army at
Seedasere on the 6th of March, 1799. He afterwards
advanced to Seringapatam, where he arrived in the early part
of May, and took part in the siege of that fortress, which was
captured by storm on the 4th of May, 1799, when Tippoo
Sultan was killed, which terminated the war.

On the 24th of February, 1801, Lieut-General Stuart was
appointed commander-in-chief of the forces on the coast of
Coromandel ; in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of lieut.-
general; and in 1805 he returned to England. He was
advanced to the rank of general in 1812. The decease of
the excellent and highly respected officer occurred in 1815,
after a distinguished service of fifty-four years.

Rowland Lord Hill, G.C.B.

Appointed 26th April, 1815.
Removed to the fifty-third foot in 1817, and to the Royal
Horse Guards in 1830.

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

Sir Qeorob Murray, O.C.B., G.C.H.

Appointed 24th Februarif,lBn. ^

Removed to the forty-second, the Royal Highland regiment,
in 1823.

Sir John Hops, O.C.H. ^

{ Appointed 6th September^ 1823. ,. . , oi ^i.

JoRN Hopr entered the Dutch service, as a cadet, in one of
the Scots regiments (Houston's) in the service of the United
Provinces, in 1778, and served at Bergen-op-zoom and
Maestricht, going through the subordinate ranks of corporal
and Serjeant. In 1779 he was appointed ensign, and in 1782
he was promoted captain of a company ; but, being called upon
to renounce his allegiance to the British monarch, he quitted
the Dutch service, and in 1787 he was appointed captain in
the sixtieth foot, but his company was soon afterwards reduced.
On the 30th of June, 1788, he was appointed captain in the
thirteenth light dragoons, and in 1792 he was nominated
aide-de-camp to Lieut.*Oeneral Sir William Erskine, in which
capacity he served the campaigns of 1*793 and 1794, in
Holland, and returned to England in 1195, when he was pro-
moted to the majority of the twenty-eighth light dragoons,
and in 1796 to the lieut.- colonelcy of the same corps, with
which he embarked for the Cape of Good Hope in the
same year. He served at the Cape until 1799, when his
regiment was incorporated in other corps, and he returned to
England. In April, 1799, he was appointed to the thirty •>
seventh foot, which corps he joined in 1800, in the West
Indies, where he remained until 1804, when he returned to
England, and exchanged to the sixtieth regiment. In 1805
he was nominated assistant adjutant-general in Scotland, and
in 1807 he served as deputy adjutant-general to the expedi-
tion to Copenhagen, under Lieut.-General Lord Cathcart.
He was appointed brigadier-general on the staff of North
Britain in 1808, and subsequently deputy adjutant-general in
that part of the United Kingdom. He was promoted to the
rank of major-general in 1810, and appointed to the staff of
the Severn district, from whence he was removed to the staff
of the Peninsula in 1812, and 'served with the army under
the Duke of Wellington at the battle of Salamanca, for which

8UCCE88IOM Of COIiONBLS.

he received a medal. He subsequently served on the staiF of
Ireland and North Britain until 1819, when he was promoted
to the rank of lieut.-genend. He was honored with the
dignity of Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Hanoverian
Guelphic Order. In 1820 he was appointed colonel of the
ninety-second regiment, from which he was removed, in 1828,
to the SBVBNTY-SBCOND Highlanders. He died in August
1836.

, fj-''i..« 0"//.

Sir Colin Campbell, K.C.B.
Appointed Id/A August, 1836.

1 ■/!.!'■.

„! .5 .TvSjJ

This officer commenced his military career, as an ensign in
the First West India regiment, his commission being dated
3rd of October, 1799. On the 2l8t of August, 1801, he was
promoted lieutenant in the thirty-fifth regiment, and on the
12th of February, 1802, he exchanged into the seventy-eighth
regiment, from which he was promoted to a company in the
seventy-fifth foot on the 9th of January, 1805. He obtained
the brevet rank of Major on the 2nd of September, 1808, and
was promoted to the rank of major in the seventieth regiment
on the 15th of December following ; he was promoted to the
brevet rank of lieut.-colonel in May, 1810, which was sub-
sequently nnte-dated to the 15th of December, 1808. On the
13th of August, 1812, he exchanged to the sixty-third regiment;
on the 4th of June, 1814, was promoted to the rank of colonel,
and on the 25th of July, 1814, was appointed lieut.-coloneI in
the Coldstream regiment of foot guards. He served during
the Peninsular war, and was for a considerable time upon the
steflF of the army under the Duke of Wellington. The Prince
Regent appointed him a Knight Commander of the Most
Honorable Military Order of the Bath on the 2nd of Janu-
ary, 1815, and he also received a cross and/ix clasps for I'ala-
vera, fiusaco, Fuentes d'Onor, Badajoz, Salamanca, Vittoria,
Pyrenees, Nivelle, Nive, and Toulouse. Sir Colin Campbell
also greatly distinguished himself in the field at the ever memor-
able Battle of Waterloo. He was advanced to the rank of
major-general on the 27th of May, 1825, and in March, 1828,
was appointed Lieut.-Govemor of Portsmouth ; — on the 15th
of August, 1834, His Majesty King William IV. conferred
upon h'm the colonelcy of the ninety-ninth regiment, from
which he was removed to the SEVKNTr-SECOND Highlanders

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

on the 15th of August, 1886. On the 28th of June, 1838,
he obtained the rank of lieut.-general, and Her Majeity, in
July, 1839, was graciously pleased to appoint Sir Colin
Campbell to serve upon the staff of the army in Nova Scotia
and its dependencies; in November, 1840, he was appointed
Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Ceylon, from which
island he had returned but a short period, when, after an
illness of only two days, he expired at his residence in King
Street, St. James's, on Sunday the 13th of June, 1847.

Lieut.-General Sir Neil Douglas, K.C.B. and K.C.H,

Appointed from the Eighty-Jirst regiment
on the \2th of July, 1847.

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