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HISTORICAL RECORDS

OF THE

BRITISH ARMY.

PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE
ADJUTANT-GENERAL.

THE

SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS;

Or, QUEEN'S BAYS.

LONOON:

Plillti'll hy Wll.MAM CrOWKS Illlll SoNlJ,

14, (,'tiaring CJioss.

GENERAL ORDERS.

HORSE-GUARDS,
\st January, 1836.

His Majesty has been pleased to command,
that, with a view of doing the fullest justice to Regi-
ments, as well as to Individuals who have distin-
guished themselves by their Bravery in Action with
the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regi-
ment in the British Army shall be published under
the superintendence and direction of the Adjutant-
General ; and that this Account shall contain the
following particulars, viz.,

The Period and Circumstances of the Ori-
ginal Formation of the Regiment; The Stations at
which it has been from time to time employed; The
Battles, Sieges, and other MiVitary Operations, in
which it has been engaged, particularly specifying
any Achievement it may have performed, and the
Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have captured from
ihe Enemy.

The Names of the Officers and the number of

Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates, Killed or
Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the Place and
Date of the Action.

a 2

GENERAL ORDERS.

The Names of those Officers, who, in con-
sideration of their Gallant Services and Meritorious
Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have been
distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks of
His Majesty's gracious favour.

The Names of all such Officers, Non-Com-

missioned Officers and Privates as may have specially
signalized themselves in Action.
And,

The Badsfes and Devices which the Resfiment

may have been permitted to bear, and the Causes
on account of which such Badges or Devices, or any
other Marks of Distinction, have been granted.

By Command of the Right Honourable

GENERAL LORD HILL,

Commanding-in- Chief.

John Macdonald,
Adjutant-General.

PREFACE.

The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly
depend upon the zeal and ardour, by which all who enter
into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the
highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the
spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions
are achieved, should be adopted.

Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this
desirable object, than a full display of the noble deeds with
which the Military History of our country abounds. To hold
forth these bright examples to the imitation of the youthful
soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the meritorious
conduct of those who have preceded him in their honourable
career, are among the motives that have given rise to the
present publication.

The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced
in the ' London Gazette,' from whence they are transferred
into the public prints : the achievements of our armies are thus
made known at the time of their occurrence, and receive the
tribute of praise and admiration to which they are entitled.
On extraordinary occasions, the Houses of Parliament have
been in the habit of conferring on the Commanders, and the

PUKl'ACE.

Officers and Troops acting under their orders, expressions of
approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery, and these
testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their Sovereign's
Approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most
highly prizes.

It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which
appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental
armies) for British Regiments to keep regular records of their
services and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been
experienced in obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments,
an authentic account of their origin and subsequent services.

This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His
Majesty having been pleased to command, that every Regiment
shall in future keep a full and ample record of its services at
home and abroad.

From the materials thus collected, the country will hence-
forth derive information as to the difficulties and privations
which chequer the career of those who embrace the military
profession. In Great Britain, where so large a number of
persons are devoted to the active concerns of agriculture,
manufactures, and commerce, and where these pursuits have,
for so long a period, been undisturbed by the presence of war,
which few other countries have escaped, comparatively little
is known of the vicissitudes of active service, and of the
casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the British
Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or
no interval of repose.

In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the

PIlFFACi:,

country derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agri-
culturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed
not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and
the sailor, — on their sufferings, — and on the sacrifice of valu-
able life, by which so many national benefits are obtained
and preserved.

The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endur-
ance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying diffi-
culties ; and their character has been established in Continental
warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they have effected
debarkations in spite of the most formidable opposition, and
by the gallantry and steadiness with which they have main-
tained their advantages against superior numbers.

In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders,
ample justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions
of the Corps employed ; but the details of their services, and
of acts of individual bravery, can only be fully given in the
Annals of the various Regiments.

These Records are now preparing for publication, under
His Majesty's special authority, by Mr. Richard Cannon,
Principal Clerk of the Adjutant-General's Office ; and while
the perusal of them cannot fail to be useful and interesting to
military men of every rank, it is considered that they will also
afford entertainment and information to the general reader,
particularly to those who may have served in the Army, or
who have relatives in the Service.

There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served,
or are serving, in the Army, an Esprit du Corps— an attach-

PliEFACK.

ment to every thing belonging to their Regiment ; to such
persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot
fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions
of the great, — the valiant, — the loyal, have always been of
paramount interest with a brave and civilized people. Great
Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments of
danger and terror, have stood, " firm as the rocks of theit
native shore;" and when half the World has been arrayed
against them, they have fought the battles of their Country
with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of
achievements in war, — victories so complete and surprising,
gained by our countrymen, — our brothers — our fellow-citizens
in arms, — a record which revives the memory of the brave,
and brings their gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove
acceptable to the public.

Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished
Officers, will be introduced in the Records of their respective
Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from
time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying
the value and importance of its services, will be faithfully
set forth.

As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each
Regiment will be printed in a distinct number, so that when
the whole shall be completed, the I'arls may be bound n[) in
nunuM-ical succession.

INTRODUCTION,

The ancient Annies of England were composed
of Horse and Foot ; but the feudal troops esta-
blished by William the Conqueror in 1086, con-
sisted almost entirely of Horse. Under the feudal
system, every holder of Lmd amounting to what
was termed a '* knight's fee," was required to
provide a charger, a coat of mail, a helmet, a
shield, and a lance, and to serve the Crown a
period of forty days in each year at his own
expense ; and the great landholders had to pro-
vide armed men in proportion to the extent vf
their estates ; consequently the ranks of the feudal
Cavalry were completed with men of property
and the vassals and tenants of the great barons,
who led their dependents to the field in person.

In the succeeding reigns the Cavalry of the
Army was composed of Knights (or men at arms)
and Hobiliers, (or horsemen of inferior degree) ;
and the Infantry of spear and battle-axe men,
cross-bowmen, and archers. The Knights wore
armour on every part of the body, and their
weapons were a lance, a sword, and a small
dagger. The Hobiliers were accoutred and armed

INTRODUCTION.

for the light and less important services of war,
and were not considered qualified for a charge in
line. Mounted Archers* were also introduced,
and the English nation eventually became pre-
eminent in the use of the bow.

About the time of Queen Mary the appellation
of " Men at Armti' was changed to that of " S'pears
and Launces.'"' The introduction of fire-arms ulti-
mately occasioned the lance to fall into disuse,
and the title of the Horsemen of the first degree
was changed to " Ctiirassien,.'' The Cuirassiers
were armed cap a pie, and their weapons were a
sword with a straight narrow blade and sharp
point, and a pair of large pistols, called petrenels ;
and the Hobiliers carried carbines. The Infantry
carried pikes, matchlocks, and swords. The
introduction of fire-arms occasioned the fornui-
tion of regiments armed and equipped as infantry,
but mounted on small horses for the sake of
expedition of movement, and tliese were styled
*' DrafTouna ;" a small portion of the military
force of the kingdom, however, consisted of this
description of troops.

The formation of the ])resent Army commenced

* In the 14lh yi>ur of the reign of Edward IV. u small
force was established in Ireland by I'arliami'nt, consisting of
1:^0 ArcluMson horseback, 40 Horsemen, and 40 Pages.

INTRODUCTION.

Is r the Restoration in 1660, with the establish-
ment of regular corps of Horse and Foot; the
Horsemen were cuirassiers, but only wore armour
on the head and body ; and the Foot were pike-
men and musqueteers. The arms which each
description of force carried, are described in the
following extract from the •' Regulations of King
Charles H.," dated 5th May, 1663:—

" Each Horseman to have for his defensive
" armes, back, breast, and pot ; and for his offen-
" sive armes, a sword, and a case of pistolls, the
" barrels whereof are not to be und'. foorteen
** inches in length; and each Trooper of Our
'* Guards to have a carbine, besides the aforesaid
" armes. And the Foote to have each souldier a
*' sword, and each pikeman a pike of 16 foote
" long and not und'. ; and each musqueteer a
" musquet, with a collar of bandahers, the barrels
" of which musquet to be about foor foote long,
" and to conteine a bullet, foorteen of which shall
" weigh a pound weight *."

The ranks of the Troops of Horse were at this
period composed of men of some property — gene-
rally the sons of substantial yeomen : the young
nu;n received as recruits provifhid their own horses,

Military Papi is, State Paper Oflice.

, I

INTRODUCTION.

and they were placed on a rate of pay sufficient
to give them a respectable station in society.

On the breaking out of the war Avith Holland,
in the spring of 1672, a Regiment of Dragoons
was raised*; the Dragoons were placed on a lower
rate of pay than the Horse; and the Regiment
was armed similar to the Infantry, excepting that
a limited number of the men carried halberds
instead of pikes, and the others muskets and bay-
onets ; and a few men in each Troop had pistols ;
as appears by a warrant dated the 2nd of April,
1672, of which the following is an extract : —

" Charles R.

" Our will and pleasure is, that a Regi-
" ment of Dragoones which we have established
*' and ordered to be raised, in twelve Troopes of
" fourscore in each beside officers, who are to be
" under the command of Our most deare and most
" intirely beloved Cousin Prince Rupert, shall
" be armed out of Our stoares remaining within
" Our office of the Ordinance, as followeth ; that
'• is to say, three corporalls, two Serjeants, the
" gentlemen at amies, and twelve souldiers of
" each of the said twelve Troopes, are to have and
" carry each of them one halbard, and one case

* '

riiis Rt'<;icneiit was disbanded after the Peace in l()74.

INTRODUCTION. V

•' of pistolls with holsters; and the rest of the
" soukliers of the several Troopes aforesaid, are
" to have and to carry each of them one nuitch-
" locke niusquet, with a collar of bandaliers, and
" also to have and to carry one bayonet *, or great
" knife. That each lieutenant have and carry
" one partizan ; and that two drums be delivered
'* out for each Troope of the said Regiment f."

Several regiments of Horse and Dragoons were
raised in the first year of the reign of King
James II. ; and the horsemen carried a short car-
bine ^ in addition to the sword and pair of pistols ;
and in a Regulation d;ited the 21st of February,
1087, the arms of the Dragoons at that period are
commanded to be as follows : —

" The Dragoons to have snaphanse musquets,
'* strapt, with bright barrels of three foote eight
" inches long, cartouch-boxes, bayonetts, granado
" pouches, bucketts, and hannner-hatchetts."

After several years' ex])erience, little advantage
was found to accrue from having Cavalry Regi-
ments formed almost exclusively for engaging the

* This appears to be the first ujtroduction of bayonets into
the Kiiglish Army. f State Paper Odice.

I The first issue of carbines to the re{>ular Horse appear;
to have taken place in 1678; the Life (luanls, however,
carried carbines from their formation in 16(50. — Vide the
' Historical Record uf the Life Guards.'

■I

INTRODTTCTION.

enemy on foot ; and, the Horse having laid aside
their armour^ the arms and equipment of Horse
and Dragoons were so nearly assimilated, that
there remained little distinction hesides the name
and rate of pay. The introduction of improve-
ments into the mounting, arming, and equipment
of Dragoons rendered them competent to the
performance of every description of service re-
quired of Cavalry ; and, while the long musket
and bayonet were retained, to enable them to act
as Infantry, if necessary, they were found to be
equally efficient, and of equal value to the nation,
as Cavalry, with the Regiments of Horse.

In the several augmentations made to the
regular Army after the early part of the reign of
Queen Anne, no new Regiments of Horse were
raised for permanent service ; and in 1746 King
George II. reduced three of the old Regiments
of Horse to the quality and pay of Dragoons ; at
the same time. His Majesty gave them the title of
First, Second, and Third Regiments of Dragoon
Guards: and in 1788 the same alteration Avas
made in the remaining four Regiments of Horse,
which then became the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and
Seventh Regiments of Dragoon Guards.

At present there are only three Regiments
A\'hi('h are styled Horse in the British Army,

INTRODUCTION.

namely, the two Regiments of Life Guards, and
the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards, to whoni
cuirasses have recently been restored. The other
Cavalry Regiments consist of Dragoon Guards,
Heavy and Light Dragoons, Hussars, and Lancers ;
and although the long musket and bayonet have
been laid aside by the whole of the Cavalry, and
the Regiments are armed and equipped on the
principle of the old Horse (excepting the cuirass),
they continue to be styled Dragoons.

The old Regiments of Horse formed a highly
respectable and efficient portion of the Army,
and it is found, on perusing the histories of the
various campaigns in which they have been en-
gaged, that they have, on all occasions, maintained
a high character for steadiness and discipline, as
well as for bravery in action. They were formerly
mounted on horses of superior weight and phy-
sical power, and few troops could withstand a
well-directed charge of the celebrated Britisli
Horse. The records of these corps embrace a
period of 150 years — a period eventful in history,
and abounding in instances of heroism displayed
by the British troops when danger has threatened
the nation, — a period in which these Regiments
have numbered in their ranks men of loyalty,
valour, and good conduct, worthy of imitation.

Vlll

INTRODUCTION.

I !

Since the Regiments of Horse were formed
into Dragoon Guards, additional improvements
have been introduced into the constitution of the
several corps ; and the superior description of
horses now bred in the United Kingdom enables
the commanding officer to remount their regi-
ments with such excellent horses, that, whilst
sufficient weight has been retained for a powerful
charge in line, a liglitness has been acquired which
renders them avaihible for every description of
service incident to modern warfare.

The orderly conduct of these Regiments in
quarters has gained the confidence and esteem of
the respectable inhabitants of the various parts of
the United Kingdom in which they have been
stationed ; their promptitude and ^alacrity in at-
tending to the requisitions of the magistrates in
periods of excitement, and the temper, patience,
and forbearance which they have evinced when
subjected to great provocation, insult, and violence
from the misguided populace, prove the value of
these troops to the Crown, and to the Government
of the country, and justify the reliance which is
reposed on them.

t I

HISTORICAL RECORD

THE SECOND.

QUEEN'S REGIMENT

DRAGOON GUARDS:

/'(

QUEEN'S BAYS)

CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OK

THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT

IN 1685,

AND OK

ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES
TO 1837.

ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES.

LONDON :
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS

14, CHARING CUOSS.

1837.

!i.

> '■

CONTENTS.

Aniiii

1685 Monmouth's Rebellion . . . .

The Regiment raised ....

Equipped as a Corps of Cuirassiers, and obtains

rank as Third Ri'giment of Horse

Performs King's Duty ....

1686 First Establishment . . . . .

Encamps on Hounslow Heath — Reviewed by

King James II.

Attends the King at Salisbury

List of the Officers ....

Encamps on Hounslow Heath

The Revolution .....

Cuirasses delivered into Store

Marches to the North ....

Embarks for Ireland

Encounters with the Rapparees

Siege of Charlemont

Battle of the Boyne ....

-- — Siege of Limerick ....
• Artillery Escort attacked near CuUen

Sieges of Cork and Kinsale

1691 Skirmish near Capperquin

■ Macroom

Siege of Athlone .....

Battle of Aghrim ....

■ Siege of Limerick ....

1692 Returns to England — Marches to London

1693 Attends the King to Harwich

1694 Reviewed by Khig WiUiam III. .
— — Embaiks for Flanders

of II uy .....

I'Ui!

1681

1688

1669

1690

Siege

3
4

14
15

18
19

1) 2

i.^ '",

noH

IV CONTICMS,

Anno

1095 Siege ol Nanuir

1096 Reviewed by King William III.

1697 Skirmish near Promelles
Returns to England

1698 Embarks for Ireland

1703 Embarks for Portugal dismounted

1704 Mounted on Portuguese Horses

1705 Siege of Valencia de Alcantara

Albuquerque

• Skirmish near the Chevora

Siege of Badajos

Skirmish near the Chevora

B roc as

Siege of Alcantara

— Ciudad Rodrigo

Advances to Madrid

Retreats to Valencia

Battle of Almanza

Siege of Balaguer, and Ca])ture of Agcr

Skirmish near Bulaguer

Battle of Almanara

Saragossa

Advances to Madrid

Retreats towards Catalonia

Surprised at Brihuega — Surrenders

Exchanged- -Returns to England

Proceeds to Ireland

Returns to England

Rebellion of the Earl of Mar

Affair at Preston

Obtains the title of The Princess of Wales

Own Royal, Regiment of Horse
Performs King's Duty
Reviewed by the Prince of W ' s
Attends Khig George I. to Li'ird'jc

Encamps on Salisbury Pla .--)'■. vie ved by
the King

Title changed to The Queen's Oicn Roya
Refjiment of Horse

Pel invms the travelling Escort duty — Rcviewe(
l)y King George II.

1707
1709
1710

1711
1712
1715

1716

1720

1722

1727

2t)
21

28
29
31
32
33
35
36
37
38
39

46
47

^f '

Put!.'

20
21

26
27

29
31

1 HGl

^HH

33
35

■ rm

36
37

I '^''"

38
39

' ''"

^ 1765

B n^

44 :

1 ii

46
47

CONTIiNTS.

A II III)

1730 Perfornit he travcUintt Escort duty

Reviewed by Kint^ George II.

1737 Performs the travelling Escort duty
1740 Ditto ditto and Encamps in

Windsor Forest ....

1742 Ditto ditto

1745 Rebellion in favour of the Pretender
Skirmish on Cliftua Moor .

Siege of Carlisle .....

1 746 The Establishment changed to Dratioons, and

the title to Srco/id, or Queen's Rc(}irnvnt
of Dragoon Oiiards
175 i Marches to Scotland . . . .

1755 A Light Troop added

1758 Returns to England ....

1 760 Embarks for Germany

Skirmish near Corbach ....

Battle of Warbourg ....

Battle of Kireh-Denkern

Skirmishes at Cajjelnhagen, Einibeck, and Poor
wohle .....

Battle of Groebenstien ....

Siege of Cassel ....

Returns to England ....

The Light Trooj) disbanded .

Alteration in the Uniform — Remounted with
Long-tailed horses

Reviewed by King George III.

Escorts the Queen of Denmark to Harwich

Drummers replaced by Trumpeters

Mounted on Bay-Horst's

Proceeds to Scotland

Returns to England — Riots in Liincashirc

Reviewed by King Gei)rge III.

1774 Proceeds to Scotland ....

1775 Returns to England

1776 Reviewed by King George III.
1778 Encamps on Salisbury Plain
1179 Men transferred to 19th Light Dragoons

Encamps on Salisbury Plain

1"m2 Proceeds to Scotland ....

i»

6;^

04
64
65

VI CONTENTS.

A II IK >

1783 Returns to Eiighiiid

1784 The Facings changed from Buft" to Black
1786 Reviewed by King George III. .

1789 Proceeds to Scotland

1790 Returns to England

1 793 Augmented to Nine Troops

Two Squadrons embark for Flanders

Sieges of Valenciennes and Dunkirk

Skirmish at Lezennes

1794 Action near the village of Vaux

Siege of Landrt'cies — Action near Cateau

Battle of Tournay ....

— — Retreats through Holland to Germany

1 795 Embarks for England

1796 Reviewed by King George III. .

1798 Muskets exchanged for Carbines, &c.
Encamps near Windsor

1799 Reviewed by the King — Encamj)s near Windsor
Augmented to ten Troops — To be momited on

Nag-tai!ed Horses . . . .

1802 Reduced to eight Troops — Proceeds to Scotland

1803 Embarks for Ireland — Riots at Dublin

1804 Encamps on the Curragh of Kildare

1805 Ditto ditto Embarks for England

1806 Augmented to ten Troops
J 808 The Men's hair ordered to be cut short

1809 Expedition to Flushing

1810 Riots in London .....

1811 Reviewed by the Prince of Wales
Alteration in the Uniform

1812 Riots in Yorkshire, Luncat>hire, &c.

1814 Attends the Embarkation of Louis XVIII. ut

Dover ......

Reviewed in Hyde Park by the Prince Regent,

the Emperor of Russia, Kingoi Prussia, &c.
Proceeds to Scotland — Reduced to eighlTroops

1815 Augmented to ten Troops --Marches to Eng-

land Six Trt/ops embiirk for Flanders

Marclics to Paris — Reviewed by the iOmperor

of Aufltria, Emperor of Uus^ia, King of
Prussia, &(-. ....

t'af;..

66
67

68
69
71

75
76

77
78

}<()

{ i:

CONTENTS.

Vll

(57

68
69
71

77
78

7!)

Aniiu

1816 Forms part ofthe Army of Occupation in France

Reduced to Eight Troops

1818 Embarks for England

Embarks for Ireland

1821 Embarks for England — Reduced to six Troops
1825 Reviewed by the Duke of York, &c.
1827 Proceeds to Ireland ....
1830 Returns to England

1832 Proceeds to Scotland ....

1833 Returns to England

1835 Embarks for Ireland ....
1837 The Conclusion ....

Page

80
81

83
84

frnrnn—

•li.;

Vlll CONTENTS.

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

Anno

1685 Henry Earl of Peterborough, K.G.

1688 Honourable Edward Villiers

1694 Richard Leveson

1699 Daniel Harvey ...

ni2 John Bland

1715 Thomas Pitt

1726 John Duke of Argyle, K.T.,K.G. .

1733 William Evans

1740 John Duke of Montague, K.G.,KB.

1749 Sir John Ligonier, K.B.

1753 Honourable William Herbert

1757 Lord George Sackville

1759 Honourable John Waldegravc

1773 George Marquis Townshend

1807 Sir Charles Gregan Craufurd, G.C.B.

1821 William Loftus

1831 Sir James Hay, K.C.H.

1837 Sir Thomas Gage Montresor, K.C.H.

Pngp

87
89

96
97

100

III.

in '^

.''I!

,iii

LIST OF PLATES.

The Uniform of 1687 to face page 7.
1760 „ 59.

17'I4 „ 70.

1837 „ 85.

HISTORICAL RECORD

89
90
91
93

96
97

100

Of THE

SECOND, OR QUEEN'S, REGIMENT

DRAGOON GUARDS.

In the month of June, 1685, the tranquillity oflG85
England was suddenly disturbed by the arrival of
James, Duke of Monmouth, with a band of armed
followers to assert his pretensions to the throne.
His jippearance on the western coast produced an
electric sensation throughout the kingdom, and
the public mind was instantly agitated by various
emotions. In the tumult and confusion which
followed, the nation evinced its loyalty ; the Par-
liament granted the necessary supply, and the
nobility, as well as the yeomanry and many of the
hardy peasantry, flocking to the King's standard,
a numerous army was soon embodied. During
the commotion occasioned by this event a Troop
of Horse was raised by Sir Michael Wentworth at
Wakefield and Pontefract ; another by Sir John
Talbot in the vicinity of Hounslow ; a third by
John Lloyd, Esq., at Edgeware and its vicinity;
and a fourth l)y Lord Aylesbury, in the neigh-
bourhood of the metropolis : these four troops
were incorporated into a regiment, of which
Henry, .second Earl of PETERnoRouoH, was
apjjointed ('olonel, by commission dated the 20th
of Jime, 1085. These troops were quickly rom-

I'll

2 HISTORICAL RECORD OF

lG85pletecl to their establishment of 3 corporals, 2
trumpeters, and 60 men each, and in the beginning
of July the three troops raised in the south of
England marched to join the army; but on the
6th of that month, the rebels were defeated at
Sedgemoor, and the capture of the Duke of Mon-
mouth followed in a short time ; when one troop
of this regiment was ordered to Devizes to take
charge of the artillery, and two others to Win-
chester to mount guard over the prisoners cap-
tured after the engagement. At the same time,
the other troop was directed to patrole the roads
in small parties, and examine all travellers, that
none of the persons concerned in the rebellion
might escape detection.

Although the kingdom was soon restored to
tranquillity, King James II. resolved to retain the
Earl of Peterborough's, and many others of
the newly-raised regiments, in his service ; and the
Colonels were called upon to make a report on
the condition of their respective corps.* At the
same time two trooj)s were added to the establish-
ment ; — the first was raised by the Earl of Peter-
borough, and the second by Sir John Egerton ;

* ' Whitehall, \Sth July, 1685.
* My Lord,

' His Majesty commands mo to signify his pleasure that

* you forthwith return an account, in wliat condition the regi-
' laent under your command is at present. How armed, and
' cloathed, and in what readiness for His Majestys service.

• I am, &c.,

'William Blathwayte.

• To Henry, Earl of Peterhorough,

' Colonel of one of His Majesty's
' Regiments of Horse.'

IVar-Officc Records.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

and the number of private men in each troop was 168')
reduced to forty.

The regiment being completed to its numbers,
was clothed, armed, and equipped as a Corps
of Cuirassiers. The men were clothed in
scarlet, lined with the same colour; they wore
hats bound with silver lace and ornamented with
ribands ; and large boots which came up to the
middle of the thigh. Their cuirasses were pistol-
proof, and they were provided with iron head-
pieces called pots. Their weapons were a pair
of pistols, a carbine, and a sword. And the
ranks being completed with the sons of substantial
yeomen, these warlike cavaliers were held in
high estimation in the kingdom.

The regiment thus formed has been continued
in the service to the present time ; at its formation
it ranked as Third Horse,* and it is now dis-
tinguished by the title of The Second, or
Queen's, Regiment of Dragoon (Juards.

When the men were fully equipped, the regi-
ment marched into quarters at Batt'^rsea, Mile-
End, Bow, and Stratford ; it occasionally assisted
the Life Guards in furnishing travelling escorts
for the Royal Family, — also sent detachments
to Portsmouth in charge of specie for the pay-
ment of the Navy and the workmen in the docks ;
and in the autumn it proceeded into quarters
in Oxfordshire, where the first inspection of th<»
corps was made by l^rigjidier-General Sir John
Lanier. f The strength of the regiment, with

* The roKiinoiits were not refjuliirly nunihoiod at the time, but
were (listinjfuished by tlie name ol" the (Ji)lonel.

■I' Wui-Ollicu Records.

n 2

4 HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1686 the rates of pay of each rank, and a few other
particulars may be seen in the following extract
from a warrant under the sign manual, dated 1st
January, 1685-6, and preserved in the War-
Office ; and a duplicate is preserved amongst the
Harleian Manuscripts in the British Museum.

THE EARL OF PETERBOROUGH'S REGIMENT OF HORSE.

Field and Staff-Okhcers.

Per Diem.

Per Annum.

The Col'juel, na Colonel

£.

s,
12

£.
219

Lieutenant-Colonel, as Lieut.-Colonel

146

The Major (who has no troop), for him- \
self, horses, and servants ... J

365

Adjutant

Chaplaine

121

Chirurgeon iv' per day, and j horse to)
carry his chest, ij' per day )

109

A Kettle-Drummer to the Colonel's troop
The Colonel's Tuoop.

1107

The Colonel, as Captaine, x' per day, and \
ij horses, each ij* per day . . f

255

Lievt* int vi*, per day and ij horses each ij'

182

Cornett v', and ij horses each ij

164

Quarter-Master iv», and j horse ij» . .

109

Three Corporalls, each at iij' per day

164

Two Trumpeters, each at ij* viii** per day

Forty Private Soldiers, at ij' vi'' pir day

Five Tkoops more, of the same num-1
bei's, and at the same rates of pay as \
the Colonel's troop '

Total fou this Regiment . .

1825

7
38

2798

13,991

17,897

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

After leaving Oxfordshire in February, 1686, 1686
the regiment was stationed in London, and quar-
tered in the vicinity of Holborn and Piccadilly ;
from whence it proceeded in the following month
to Oxford, Abingdon, and Woodstock. In June
it was removed to the vicinity of Hounslow ; on
the 22nd of that month it joined the camp on
Hounslow Heath, and taking its post on the left
of the first brigade of horse, commanded by Bri-
gadier-General Sir John Lanier, formed part of
the magnificent army which occasioned so much
alarm in the kingdom.* The King is stated to
have spent much of his time at Hounslow, en-
deavouring to bring his fine and gallant army
hito a high state of discipline. His Majesty had
a marquee and a temporary chapel erected on the
Heath, in rear of the left regiment of horse ; and
the General Officers had their tents in rear of the
King's. The troops were exercised in mock
sieges, battles, and all the operations of a cam-
paign ; and the splendid spectacles exhibited on
the Heath were occasionally witnessed by the
Queen, the Princess Anne, and the Ladies of the
Court. On the 30th of June, twelve thousand
men, with a numerous artillery, performed their
various evolutions in presence of the King and
Queen, and an immense crowd of spectators ;
and their Majesties afterwards dined on the
Heath.

In July a detachment of the Earl of Peter-
borough's Regiment of Horse marched to Liver-

* A list of the troops encamped on the Heath, with several
curious particulars respecting thera, may be seen in the Antiqua-
rian Repertory.

! ,

'WT^

i:;t:!i

r ii!

[;■■■■

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1686 pool to convey the monies collected by the offi-
cers of excise at that port, from thence to Lon-
don. On the 6th of August the regiment left
the camp, and returned to its former quarters at
Oxford and Woodstock. And on the 16th of
that month a squadron marched to Salisbury, to
form a guard for the King, when his Majesty
visited that city.

The following officers were at this period hold-
ing commissions in the regiment : —

Henry, Earl OF Peterborough . Colonel.

Sir John Talbot Lieut.-Colonel.

John Chitham Major.

John Lloyd

Henry O'Conner

Sir Michael Wentworth > ' • ^apta"'s.

Henry Lawson

William Barlow
William Scott
Ferdinand Kelly
Gilbert Talbot
Walters Mildmay
John Chitham

Samuel Yatches
Thomas Lloyd
Francis Lennard
Oratio Walpool
Francis Norris
William Bell

Michael Poulton Chaplain.

William Pogston ...••. Adjutant.

Lieutenants.

Cornets.

Thoroughgood Meatys

Chirurgeon.

1687 The regiment was again encamped on Houn-
slow Heath, in June, 1687; where it continued

"I 1

;he offi-
to Lon-
ent left
Tters at
16th of
jury, to
Majesty

)d hold-
■Colonel.

ns.

.11

laiits.

iin.
nt.
geon.

Houii-
ntiiiued

:i..- i

I. a

i i;; M

''"■.'f

\ '■■ .]

Third Morse, IfiS". Constituted Second Dragoon Gimrds, 174(i.

'!i ' ;

1 1 I;

1 ; '

'!■;•■

• ^

THE SECOND DRAGOON OUARD>

until the 3rd of August, and afterwards pro- 1G87
ceeded to its former quarters at Oxford and its
vicinity.

The King being a zealous Roman Catholic, and
purposing to make his army subservient to his
desijjns aijainst the constitution and established
religion of the country, discovered, with manifest
chagrin, that a deep-rooted hatred to Popery
was cherished in the breasts of most of the
officers and soldiers : His Majesty, therefore,
resolved to remodel the different regiments, by
dismissing from his service men of Protestant
principles, and replacing them with Papists.
This proceeding met with much opposition ; but
the Earl of Peterborough having become recon-
ciled to the Church of Rome, a considerable num-
ber of changes took place in his reghnent of
horse. The Ijieutenant-Colonel, Sir John Talbot,
having been promoted to the Colonelcy of the 9th
Horse, now 6th Dragoon Guards, Major Chitham
was appointed Lieutenant- Colonel, and Captain
O'Conner Major. Sir Michael Wentworth was
replaced by James Earl of Castlehaven ; Lieu-
tenant Scott, by Edmund Riley ; Cornet Yatches,
by George Carpenter ; Cornet Lennard, by
John Wiltshire; and Cornet Norris, by Count
Ercole Antonia Gavemberti. Notwithstanding
the changes which took place, the greater part
of the regiment appears to have been composed of
men of steady principles, and firmly attached to
the constitution and established religion of their
country.

In the middle of July, 1688, the several troops 1688
of the Third Horse marched out of quarters,

M
I

'V,

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

'1 I

^-^ ,

'i-

ii. ■:, :

;i-

•1 '

1688 and were again encamped on Hounslovv Heath ;*
from whence they proceeded (8th August) to
Nortliampton and Wellingborough, and on the
25th of October, to Colchester ; which was the
head-quarters of a division of the army commanded
by Major-General Sir John Lanier.

Three years had scarcely elapsed since the for-
mation of the regiment, before it was subjected to
a severe test, by its loyalty to its Sovereign and its
fidelity to the best interests of the country becom-
ing opposed to each other ; and on this trying
occasion we find its honour preserved untarnished.
The Prince of Orange, in compliance with an in-
vitation from many of the English nobility, was
preparing a powerful armament for a descent
upon England in support of the Protestant Reli-
gion, and King James, uncertain where the Prince
would land, had his forces kept in constant readi-
ness to march at a moment's notice ; at the same

* The following curious document received by the Colonel
while the Regiment was in quarters, refers to an event which
produced much excitement in the Kingdom ; the infant alluded to
being afterwards known as the Pretender.

' Whitehall lOih June, 1688.
' My Lord,

* It having pleased Almighty God, about ten of the clock
' this morning, to bless His Majesty and His Royal Consort the

• Queen with the birth of a son, and His Majesty's kingdoms and

• dominions with a Prince, His Majesty has commanded me to
' signify the same to you, that upon notice give of it by you to the
' several troops of the regiment under your command, they may
' join in the public thanksgiving to be observed in these parts on
' the 1st of July next, and give such other demonstrations of their
•joy, for so great a blessing, as you shall judge fit on this
' occasion.

• I am, &c.,

William Blathwayte.
' To the Earl of Peterborough,
'Colonel of one of His Ma-
' jesty's Regiments of Horse."

War-Office Letter Book.

THE SECOND l)KA(U)ON GUARDS.

time the establishiiK^nt of the Third Horse was 108S
HUi>ineiited to 50 men per troop. In tlie beginning
of November the regiment with a number of other
corps in which the King phiced tiie greatest conh-
dcuce, were stationed in London.* But when
information was received tliat the Prince had
hmded at Torbay, this regiment was ordered to
march to the west. Before leaving London, the
men deposited their defensive Armour in the;
Tower ; the King, however, gave the officers per-
mission to continue to wear their Cuiraancii if they
chose to do so.f Tlie regiment left London on
the 8th of November, for Marlborough, and suIj-
sequently proceeded to Salisbury ; where it was
reviewed on the 21st of that month by the King.

The fidelity of the army to the national cause was
now manifest : the defection of several corps and of
many of the principal officers of the King's army ;
the retreat of the troops towards the mr opolis ;
the flight of the King to France ; and the accession
of William and IMary to the throne, are important

iit

-11

* James R.
Our will an<l pleasure is, that the forces hareafter mentioned be

quartered as foUoweth :

The Earl of Peterborou<,rh's Horse

The Scots Foot Guards

The Earl of Arrau's Horse

Colonel Wachop's Foot

Colonel Hamilton's Horse

Colonel Buchan's Foot

Troop of Scots Guards

Royal Kegiment of Scoots Horse

Queen's Regiment of Dragoons

Princess Anne's Dragoons

Royal Resjiraent of Scots Dragoons )

Holland Regiment of Foot \

Lord Forbes's Regiment of Foot. J

•I" War Office Records.

In the precincts of

Holborn.
Clerkenwell and

adjacents.
Spital Fields and

Tower Hamlets.

Westminster, Tower
Hamlets, and Mi-
nories.

Southwark, Lambeth,
and Rotherhithe.

Orders— War Office.

'» fl

ll'i'

i \

."■}

f. f

l;.i.

It •■'4'

^'i'4

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

I088 events in the history of the kingdom, and form
the commencement of a new era in its annals. Tlie
Third Horse remained faithful to King James
until he ahandoned the throne ; their services were
then transferred to their new Sovereign ; and the
Earl of Peterborough was succeeded in the Colo-
nelcy by the Honourable Edward Villiers, eldest
sou of Lord Viscount Grandison, from the Lieu-
tenant-Colonelcy of the first troop of Life Guards.
1G8'.) ■ The regiment was quartered at Bedford, I'rom
whence it marched, on the 8th of January 1689,
to Shrewsbury. All the Papists having been dis-
missed the army, the vacancies occasioned in the
regiments of horse were completed by drafts from
regiments raised in 1088, which were now ordered
to be disbanded; and Colonel Villiers's regi-
ment received two entire troops from Viscount
Brandon's regiment of horse, and tifty men from
Colonel Slignsby's.

In April tiie regiment was directed to march to
JNIorpeth, on account of the resistance made to the
authority of King A\'^illiam in Scotland, but it was
shortly afterwards ordered to halt at Kipon, in
Yorkshire ; it was subsecpiently encamped near
Whitehaven, and during the summer it returned
to the south of England.

The Roman Catlujlics in Ireland had taken
arms in favour of King James ; and his arrival in
that country, with troops from France, had in-
duced nearly the whole population to acknowledge
his authority. A considerable augmentation was
ijumediately ordered to the English army ; and
ten thousand men were placed under the com-
mand of the Duke of Schomberg, and embarked

,;i

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

in-

Ibr Ireland. After its return iroiu the north of IG89
Enghind, Colonel Villieks's regiment of horse
^VJls ordered to proceed to Ireland : it accordingly
embarked at Highlake, in Cheshire, on the 2nd of
September;* and in the middle of that month
joined the army at its fortified camp nearDundalk.f
The Colonel of the regiment was now advanced to
the rank of Brigadier-General, and appointed to
the connnand of all the horse. While in this
camp the army suffered much from disease, pro-
duced by heavy rains and privations. Forage
had also become scarce, which occasioned the
march of the regiment from the camp, on the 16th
of October, into quarters at Carlingford and its
vicinity.

During the winter, all the regiments of cavalry
appear to have had frequent encounters with the
armed ])artisans of tlie enemy. The country had
been laid waste ])y the Irish army, which caused
the English foraging parties t'.> have to proceed a
considerable distance, Avhen they were fre(|uently
waylaid by the Kapparees. These were firmed
Roman Catholic peasantry : they knew all the l)ye-
paths, tracts, bogs, and woods, and, liaving ascer-
tained the direction in which the English parties
lia<l ju'oceeded, they would conceal themselves until
a favouralde opportunity olfered, when two or three
hundred armed luv.n would suddenly appear to ])ut
their designs in execution ; and if discovered and
attacked, they instantly disptu'sed, so that it was

* London Giizctto.

t Story, in his Iliston ofllio Canipaifiiis in Inliind, sUiti's, that
Iho n-jjimiMit snlFort'd muclj IVoni bcvcru weuthur ul sou, and lost
lO'l liorscs on the |)ussuno.

V 2

.■' 'ii

: s '

IIISTOUICAL RECORD OF

r ^.

H)80 difficult for the English troops to come to a close
engagement with them. These Rapparees killed
a number of men privately, — stole horses, and
frequently intercepted supplies of provision.
1()<.)0 In the spring of 1690, Colonel Villiers's
Horse formed part of the force engaged in the
siege of C/im'lnnont* which surrendered on the
I'itli of May ; and in June, the regiment having
received a remount of 70 men and horses from
Englandjf joined the forces connnanded by King
William in person, near Dundalk. On the 30th
of June, the army passed Ardee, and encamped
on the banks of the Ihtyne ; the passage of which
river the enemy was prepared to dispute. On the
following morning the army forded the river and
attacked the enemy's position with great bravery ;
and in this, their hrst general engagement, the
Third Horse were conspicuous for their gallant
bearing, and they gave presage of future honour,
by fording the river under the eye of their So-
vereign and advancing with great spirit to the
charge. After a sharp contest the Irish were

feated.

King Januis fled to Dublin on the

* Story fiivcs a humorous description of the {governor of Char-
loiuont. When tlio phice was sutnnioncd, he returned for answer,
'Tell tlir General (from '/hiniw O'Reaaii) thitthc^s an old knave,
'anil hi/ Sf. Patrick he sliitll not have thr tuirn at all.' When tho
f,Mrri.son marehed out, old Tea;fue, the f^overnor, was mounted on
an old stoncvhorso. and he very lame, with scratches, spavin, and
rinjihone; but withal so vi(!ious, that he fell a s(iuealin<( and
kicking when an\ hody came near him. Teajiue himself had a
j^reat hunch upon his hack, a plain redcoat, an old weather-heaten
wIl; hanj^inii down at full l(!n<j;th, a little narrow white beaver hat
cocked up on one side, a yellow cravat, his boots with a thousand
wrinkles in th'.ni.iind though it was a very hot day. yet he hud
11 ureat niuit lianuiii;; aliont him : and, to crown all, he was almost
tipsy. Sfnrif's Nistun/.

fWar Uliice llocords.

THE HCOND DKACiOON GUARDS.

Scune eveniug, and shortly afterwards returned to IG90
France.

Kini^ William, having received advice of the
enemy's departure from Dublin, sent the Duke
of Ormond with a thousand horsemen to take
charge of the city, and the Third (or Colonel
Villiers's regiment) formed a part of tliis force.

Four troops of the regiment were afterwards
engaged in the siege of Limerick ; at the same
time tlie other two troops were at Dublin, in
charge of the heavy artillery and annnunition,
whicli was ordered to join the army. The train,
attended by the two troops of this regiirent, and a
lew mus(pieteers, left Dublin in the early part of
August, and on Sunday the 10th of that month
they were at Cashel. On Monday they marched
a short distance beyond Cul/cn, and halted near a
little ruinous castle called Ballenedy, seven miles
from the King's camp. It was a tine sununer's
dc'iy ; and all was peaceful and quiet around.
The guns were arranged on a little plat of green
ground, Avitli several mounds on one side, and the
old castle on the other. The men set up their
tents, and as no danger was apju-ehended, tlie
horses were turned loose in a field to graze ; while
the tro()])ers, excej)t a guard over the guns, re-
clined themselves in their tents, and many of
them fell asleep. From this state of repose they
were suddenly aroused by the attack of a body of
the enemy's cavalry under Drigadier-General
SarsHeld.* Lieutenant J5:ill with a few troopers

* I'atrick Sursncld was a man (>f'aiiia/,iii<f stature, \t»i<l of stMise,
M'lV u;oiHliiaHii(Ml, and very hiavf. IIi'sitvim' as ensign in Franco
inllic ri-<>nni.Mil vi' Monmouth ; and liiid liucn a Lioutcnanl ot'thr

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

•'1

1090 offered some resistance ; but they were soon over-
powered and sabred on the spot, together with
several sutlers and country-people who were bar-
barously murdered by the Irish while taking pro-
vision to the camp. The enemy having collected
the amnmnition-waggons and guns into a heap,
set fire to them, and made a precipitate retreat.
Brigadier-Generals Sir John Lanier and Villiers
were despatched with detachments of liorse from
the camp, to intercept the retreat of General Sars-
field, but he escaped by way of Athlone.

The sieii;e of Limerick was raised on the 30th
of August. Shortly afterwards, the Earl of Mjirl-
l)orough arrived from England with 5,000 men,
and reduced Cork ; at the same time Jh-i<>'adier-
General Villiers, Avith his own regiment of horse
and some other forces, invested Kimah, which
surrendered on the 15tli of October. The reffi-
ment afterwards went into quarters, and during
the winter and following spring, detached parties
had frequent conflicts Avith the bands of armed
Roman Catholic peasantry.

IGOl Li the early part of March, IGOl, a detachment
of the regiment commanded by Captain Car-
penter* was sent out to scour the country and
drive in the enemy's marauding ])arties, which
service he performed with spirit and success,

Lift" GvKirtls in England. When Kin|jf James went to Ireland, he
yave Sarsfleld a re};inient, and made him Urifjadier. Tlie allair
ol'tlio convoy eliUed him so much, that he thoiifrht himscU' tlie
jireiitest General in the world. James afterwards created him Earl
ot'L\ican. The Kinij of France made liim a Major-General. Ho
served with the Ereiich army in ^'landers, and was killed at the
battle of I.anden. — Mrinnirs nf the Dnhc nf limrirk.

* Afterwards Lord Carpenter, who was ('olonel of the Jrd
Dru^^oons nearly thirty years.

U I

V'\

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THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

and several prisoners were captured. A few IGO)
days afterwards, a party of the regiment displayed
a degree of valour seldom equalled in the annals of
war. The particulars of this affair are as follows :

A remount of fine horses for the regiment had
recently arrived from England, and was at Ctij)-
perqimi, in the county of Waterford, where two
troops were stationed; and on the 15tli of March,
when nearly all the men were out foraging, it
was ascertained that a hundred men of the enemy
were advancing to carry off the horses. Lieu-
tenant Sjdcer, Cornet Collins, and twelve troo])ers
— all daring spirits — instantly mounted their
horses, and advanced to meet the enemy, whom
they encountered about a mile from the vilhige ;
and this ])arty of only fourteen rushed sword in
hand upon the hundred Irish, whom they routed
and chased into a wood. At this nioment eigh-
teen more men of the regiment came galloping
to the scene of conflict. Part of the detachment
then dismounted, and dashing into the wood, shot
or sabred forty of the enemy, and made a Caj)tain
and seven soldiers prisoners : — ' Which' (says the
London Gazette, from whence this account is
taken) ' was done without the loss of one man on
our side.'

Another party of 80 men of the n^giment with
140 Draufoons and IMilitia foot, marched out of
quarters on the evening of the 19th of Aj)ril, com-
manded by JMajor Kirk, and passing secretly
across the coimtry for several miles, surprised a
])arty of the enemy at daybreak at Mavruoni, m
the county of Cork, and after a chase of several
hours amongst the bogs and woods, killed twenty

' :i

li:i»

M !

HISTORICAL RKCORD OF

1 1 ■■ H

'l:^.

k' it ''

■If.

., J.

(! "

1091 of the Irish, took five prisoners, and captured
several horses and oxen.*

This year the English troops in Ireland were
commanded by General de Ginkell, the French
and Irish by General St. Ruth ; and both armies
took the field in May. In June the Third Horse,
or Villiers's regiment, was employed in the siege of
Athhmey which was taken by storm on the SOtli of
that month ; and the regiment had its Lieutenant-
Colonel, James Kirk killed by a cannon ball.'!"

On the l'2th of July the army att.icked the
enemy in their position near Jlghrim. In the
line of battle the regiment was posted on tlu;
left of the first brigade of horse, which was
commanded by its Colonel.:}: The enemy oc-
cupied a particularly strong position ; and the
attack was rendered difhcult by bogs, hills, and
other obstacles extending along the front. These
difficulties were, however, overcome by the dis-
tinguished bravery and perseverance of the Eng-
lish horse, which even excited the admiration
of St. Ruth, while at the same time it produced
the overthrow of his troops. In this action the
regiment had another opportunity of distinguish-
ing itself: and the noble charge it made against
the Irish infantry, which it overthrew and cut to
pieces, contributed materially to the success of the
day. About eight in the evening the enemy's
reserve was led forward by St. Ruth in jjerson,
when that comnumder was killed by a cannon

* London Gazette, No. 'iCiOS, and Story's History,
t Story's History ol' tlio War in Ireland, and London Gazette.
J This Brinado consisted of the rej^inients of Oxford, Lanj^ston,
Ruvigny, and Villiers, — Story.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

ball ; — the Irish then threw down their arms 1G9I
and fled — closely followed hy the victorious Eng-
lish horsemen until the darkness of the night jmt
an end to the pursuit.

The loss of the Third Horse in this engage-
ment was one Captain, two Lieutenants, and one
Cornet, with twenty-six troopers killed : — and one
Captain, one Lieutenant, and twenty-two men
wounded; also 41 horses killed and wounded.

The remains of the Irish army took refuge in
Limerick, where they resolved to make a final
stand, in hope of receiving succours from France ;
but the place being closely invested, and no
assistance arriving, the siege was terminated on
the 25th of September by the celebrated treaty,
which granted indemnity to the Roman Catholics,
and extinguished the power of James in Ireland.
After taking jiart in the siege of Limerick, the
regiment marched into quarters, where it remained
during the winter.

In the following spring, it was ordered to re- Hi^i
turn to England, and having landed at Barnstaple
on the 8th of April, 1692, marched from thence
to Salisbury, and in June to Devizes, Chippen-
ham, and Shaftesbury. The Revolution had, in
some degree, deranged the state of society in Eng-
land. Many men who had been suddenly called
from their mechanical and rural employments to
appear in arms, did not, when dismissed the
service, resume their former occupations with the
same cheerful industry as heretofore, but at-
tempted to supply their wants by depredation : —
hence robberies on the highway became so fre-
quMit as to occasion extraordinary measures for

M'*

SJii- 1

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sen

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HISTORICAL RECORD OF

■1 II

■i.ci

1G92 their suppression, and, there being no orgunizetl
police in the country, the regiments of horse were
directed to patrole the highways. For this service
tlie Third Horse were ordered into quarters in
the immediate vicinity of London, and directed to
patrole the great eastern and western roads from
the metropolis ; and their attention was particu-
larly directed to the neighbourhood of Hounslow
Heath, and Blackheath* — two noted resorts for
highwaymen at this period.

1693 From these services they were, however, re-
lieved in the following year by a regiment of
Dutch Horse then in England ; and having fur-
nished a relay of escorts to attend the King to
Harwich, where His JMajesty embarked for
Holland, f they received an order to hold them-
selves in readiness to proceed on foreign service.
This order was, however, countermanded in conse-
quence of Louis XIV. having assembled an army
near the coast of France for the purpose of making
a descent upon England to replace King James
on the Throne, and the services of the regiment
were expected to be required in England. But
the victory gained by the Fleet off La Hogue, dis-
pelled the alarm of foreign invasion: and the
Third Horse passed the winter in quarters at
Birmingham, Coventry, and Northampton.

1G94 While in these quarters the Colonel of the regi-
ment died, and on the 19th of January, 1694, His
JMajesty conferred the vacant commission on Bri-

* Murchiiifj Orders, War-Office.

■I- The ntrc'nfi;Ui of the Kind's travelliii!; escorl was, at this
period, an Officer and 27 men -War-Office Recortis.

r\\

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

gadier-General Richard Leveson from the Third 1G94
Dragoons. In the middle of JMarch the Third
Horse and Thii-d Dragoons proceeded into quarters
near the metropolis, and on the 26th of that month
His Majesty reviewed these two distinguished
regiments in Hyde Park, and expressed his high
approbation of their ap})earance and discipline.

The services of the Third Horse were now
directed to be transferred to the seat of war ; and,
having embarked in transports on the river
Thames on the 28th of IMarch, the regiment
landed at Williamstadt, in North Brabant, in the
early part of the following month. After several
marches it was encamped with the army at Mont
St. Andre (near the ground where the celebrated
battle of Ramilies was fought in 1706). Here a
magnificent army, composed of the troops of
several nations, commanded by King William in
person, was spread over a wide tract of ground,
displaying in its extended encampment all the
pomp and splendour of war. The Third Horse
were formed in brigade with the regiments of
Wood, Wyndham, and Galway,* commanded by
Brigadier-General Leveson. During the sum-
mer they were employed in manoeuvring and
skirmishing on the rich plains of the Netherlands,
which were, however, for the most part, unculti-
vated, owing to that unfortunate country having
so long been the seat of war. In the autunm the
Third Horse formed part of the covering army

' 'I. ■

■i ' ['

i, "i

* Wood's, now 3rd Drag »on Guards.
Wyndluira's, now 6th Dragoon Guards.
Gal way's, formerly Ruvigny's, a regiment of French Pro-
testants in the English servic?, — afterwards disbanded

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

]

I G94 (luring the siege of Huy, and after the capture of
tliat town, they marched into convenient quarters
in Ghent, where they passed the winter.

1695 From these quarters thirty men per troop were
suddenly called out in the early part of April 1695,
on account of some new works the enemy were
making to cover the frontiers of their recently con-
quered Flemish territory; hut after a recon-
noissance, the men returned to their quarters. In
May the regiment was again in the field, and
towards the end of that month it was encamped
with the army at Arseel, where it was formed in
hrigade with the same regiments as in the pre-
ceding year.

King William, by skilful manoeuvring, drew
the enemy to the Flanders side of their line of
entrenchments, and afterwards invested Namur.
The Third Horse was one of the first corps
which appeared before the town ; but when the
siege was formed, the regiment, with several
other corps, w s detached to the plains between
Charleroi and Mons; and subsequently took
part in several manoeuvres which had for their
object the protection of the besieging force from
the attacks of the enemy. In the beginning of
August it was encamped at the village of Water-
loo, and subsequently in the immediate vicinity of
Namur, where two powerful armies, of about
100,000 men each, manoeuvred and skirmished
with the view — one to prevent, and the other to
secure, the capture of this stupendous fortress : —
the British and their allies were, however, tri-
umphant; the place was taken, and the Third
Ilor.se returned to their former (juarters at Ghent.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

During the campaign of 1696, the regiment 16O6
served with the army of Fhmders, commanded by
the Prince of Vaudemont ; and Avas engaged in
defensive operations for the preservation of Ghent,
Bruges, and the maritime towns of Flanders,
which were menaced by the enemy; while the
main army, commanded by King William, was
engaged in operations in Brabant. When His
Majesty passed through Flanders, he reviewed
the regiment near Ghent, and, according to the
journals of that period, its complete and warlike
appearance elicited the King's approbation. It
passed the greatest part of the summer encamped
on the banks of the canal between Ghent and
Bruges ; the enemy was encamped on the oppo-
site side of the canal ; — occasional skirmishes took
place, but no general engagement occurred ; and
on the 4th of October the regiment marched
into the same quarters which it occupied the two
preceding winters.

It was ordered to serve the succeeding cam- 1097
paign with the Brabant army : and leaving
Ghent in the early part of JNIay, 1697, directed its
march to the Scheldt, which river it passed at
Dendermond on the 14th of that month, and on
the 16th was encamped at St. Quintin Linneck.
The army was again employed in manoeuvring;
and on the 8th of June, a squadron of the regi-
ment sent out from the camp at Promelles to cover
a foraging party, encountered 60 of the enemy's
carabiniers and 40 dragoons, when a sharp
light ensued, in which the British horsemen proved
victorious: — 20 Frenchmen fell in the combat,

■I

III

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HISTORICAL RECORD OF

lii^i

1697 and a Captain, two Lieutenants, and 40 men were
made prisoners.*

The Third Horse were subsequently en-
camped with the army before Brussels, from
whence they were detached to Wavre. At length
hostilities were terminated by the treaty of Kys-
wick ; and on the restoration of peace the regi-
ment was ordered to return to Enghmd ; where it
arrived towards the end of November, and was
ordered to occupy quarters in Yorkshire.

1G98 It had, however, only been in England about
two months when it was ordered to embark at
Liverpool for Ireland, and arriving in that country
in the early part of March, 1698, it was employed
in the duties at Dublin.

1G99 In the following year the death of its Colonel,
Lieutenant-General Leveson, occurred, and he
was succeeded by Daniel Harvey, from the Lieu-
tenant-Colonelcy of the second troop (now Second
Regiment) of Life-Guards, by commission dated
the 25th of March, 1699.

1701 The regiment remained in Ireland until the
ambitious policy of Louis XIV. of France had re-
kindled the flame of war in Europe, by placing
his grandson Philip, Duke of Anjou, on the throne
of Spain, in violation of previous treaties. The

1702 war commenced in 1702, and in the following

1703 year Queen Anne resolved to support the preten-
sions of Archduke Charles of Austria, to the
Spanish Crown ; when a British ^orce was pre-
pared to accompany the Archdi e to Portugal,

* London Gazette, &c.

i ■'!

.'I'll

THE SECOND JRAGOON GUARDS.

and the Third Horse was selected for this service. 1703
The King of Portugal had undertaken to provide
horses of a superior description for the British
cavah'y, the regiment, therefore, transferred its
horses to other corps, and embarked from Ireland
in September, 17()-3 ; but the fleet not being ready
for sea, the regiment landed on the Isle of Wight,
and went into quarters for a few weeks. In No-
vember it was again em])arked, but was so long
detained by contrary winds and other causes, that
the transports did not arrive at Lisbon until the
early part of March, 1704 ; and when the troops 1704
were landed,* the Portuguese authorities produced
horses for the English cavalry of so inferior a de-
scription that the officers rejected the greater part
of them, and at the end of March only twenty men
per troop of the Third Horse were mounted. f
This inconvenience appears to have been occa-
sioned by the negligence of the Portuguese
Government in not providing horses until after the
French Am])iissador had, with great industry

T'V

?1 ■! ]

I i

f'\

* List oi British troops sent to Portugal in 1 704 : —
The Duke of Schomberg, Commander-in-Chief.
M*)or- General Harvey, commanding the Cavah-y.
Major-General Lord Portraore) Commanding Infantry
Major-General Wyndhara / Brigades.
Begiments.
Horse— Major-General Harvey's, now 2nd Dragoon Guards.

Dragoons — The Royal Regiment
Foot— Queen Dowager's

,, Stewart's

„ Stanhope's

„ • Barrymore's

„ Blood's

„ Duncanson's

" Mo^untjoyy-^^^^i'^^"^^- disbanded.
Also 4000 Dutch.

War in Spaifi
t ' Present State of Europe'

1st Royal Dragoons.
2nd Foot.
9th „

nth .,

13th „
17th „
33rd „

-Embarkations.

I' 'I I

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

■: ,:

'i'

It i !

1704 and perseverance, purchased the greater part of
the horses fit for cavahy service, and forwarded
them to Spain.

The dismounted men of the Third Horse
Avere marched to Abrantes in the beginning of
April to await the arrival of horses ; at the same
time the mounted men* proceeded to the Alentejo,
and encamped in one of the pleasant plains on the
banks of the Tarra, near Estremos. But a mis-
understanding between the Duke of Schomberg
and the Portuguese Generals retarded the neces-
sary preparations for opening the campaign so
far, that the Duke of Berwick (who was then in
the service of France) invaded Portugal with a
French and Spanish force before the allies were
prepared to commence operations, and the services
of the Third Horse in the early part of the
campaign were limited to defensive operations and
a successful incursion into the Spanish territory.
During the summer the Earl of Galway arrived
in Portugal to take the command of the British
troops, and the Portuguese being alarmed at the
Duke of Berwick's success, some extraordinary
measures appear to have been adopted to procure
horses for the British cavalry, f at the same time

* • A hundred and twenty of Harvey's, and Rhoo's (Duteh)

• Horse marched towards the frontiers, and were followed on the

• 17th of April hy the like number of the Dragoons.'

Present State of Enrnpe.
t • Major-General Harvey having received orders to take by
' force all the horses that he should have occasion for to remount

• his regiraent, upon paying a reasonable price for the same, has
' been so diligent therein, that he has nrocured a sufllcient nuni-
' her, and has marched for the army. I'lie Dragoons of My Lord
' Kaby are likewise on their march, so that no iroops remain at

• Abruntes. but the remains of the regiments of Stewart and
' Stanhope.'

' Presetit State of Europe'

THE SECOND DRAGOON OUAllDS.

some additional corps arrived from England, and 1704
the army took the field for offensive operations.
The Third Horse were now fit for active service,
and tolerahly well mounted ; — they advanced up
the country with the view of invading Castile ;
but having crossed the frontiers of Portugal and
arrived at the banks of the Agueda, near Ciudad
Rodrigo, the enemy {ippeared on the opposite
side of the river in such force that, after some
manoeuvring, the design was laid aside, when the
regiment marched back to Portugal, and went
into village cantonments.

Having passed the winter in the Alentejo, the 1703
reghnent assembled from its quarters in the middle
of April, 1705, and on the 24th of that month
joined the army at Estremos ; from whence it
advanced into Spanish Estrcniadura, and formed
part of the force which invested Valencia de
Alcantara, which was taken by storm on the &th
of May. The regiment was subse(|uently em-
ployed in covering the siege of Albuquerque, and
after the surrender of that phice on the 2'2n(l of
May, it was encamped with the anny on the left
of the river C/ievora. On the 2Tth of May fifty
of the enemy's caviliy attacked an Eughsh foraging
party and captured several mules, when thirty-nine
men of the regiment gallo]>ed out of the camp,
attacked and routed the French horsemen, n^took
the mules, and made one prisoner.*

Having crossed the (luadiana in the autunm,
the regiment was engiiged in the siege of Badajtts^
in which the Karl of (Jalway lost his hand from

" Aimulsur (^iioi'n Anno.

1 1

:' !)

■'' "f ■:■
■ ■■ i

■■' i 1

■Pi

'Ml

•It
k.

■p-

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

■III

1705 a cannon sliot, and the army not being of suffi-
cient numbers to invest the place, the enemy suc-
ceeded on the 14th of October in throwing- in a
relief. On the same day the Third Horse,
having crossed tlie Guadiana, were led forward by
Lieutenjint-General Wyndham to attack some
Spanish squadrons posted near the Chevora, and
by a spirited charge the enemy was routed and
chased across the river. The siege was after-
wards raised, when the regiment returned to
Portugal, and went into cantonments in villages
alono- the frontiers.

l/OG 111 February 170G several detachments made
successful incursions into the Spanish territory.
After some manoeuvring, the regiment crossed
the 8elor, and on the 7th of A])ril advanced Avith
the army to liroeas, to attack the enemy's forces
at that place, commanded by the Duke of
licruick ; but as the advance-guard, winding
rou.iu the mountains, entered the jdain in front
of the town, the enemy rcitired along the woody
defiles between that place aiul Carcares. Sonu;
skirmishing occurred ; — the Portugues(i scjuadrons
in adviince were repulsed ; l)ut the Third ll(>rse,
with some Dutch dragoons and liiera cavalry,
emerging at the moment from a thick j>urt of the
wood, charged the enemy with signal giiUantry,
and captured eighty prisoners, amongst whom
were Major-General Don ])iego Moiiroy, and tlu^
Conde <le Vanilleros. After chasing the enemy
through the forest, the regiment returned to
lirocas, and passed the night in the town.*

* London Ciiut'Ui', Annuls of (^nccn Anne, Sic.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

From Brocas the Third Horse marched with 1700
the army to Alcantara^ a town situate on a rock
near the Tagus in Spanish Estremadura ; and
alter the capture of this phice, proceeded to the
fertile and romantic valley of the Xerte, near
Plasencia; from whence they advanced on the 1st
of May, and drove the enemy from his position on
the banks of the Tietar, and subsequently sent
forward a detachment to destroy the bridge qf
Almaraz. At the same time the Earl of Gal way
was desirous of advancing on Madrid ; but in
the midst of this success the Portuguese generals
refused to advance any farther from their own
country; when the army, changing its route,
proceeded to the province of Leon, and besieged
Ciialad Rodrigo, which surrendered on the 26th
of May.

During this period the enemy was ])esieging
Barcelona (which had been captured in 1705 by
the Earl of Peterborough), and, upon receiving
information that the siege was raised, the Portu-
guese consented to advance on the Spanish capital.
The army accordingly conunenced this important
movement on the 3rd of June, — j)roceeding by
Salamanca, through the pass of the Guadarrama
mountains to Madrid, wlicre the Third Horse,
forming ])art of the force; in advance, arrived on
the 24th of June ; — the enemy retiring in con-
fusion, and the remainder of the allied army
arriving on the 27tli, llie whoh; encanijx'd in the
vicinity oi' that city; at the? same time the
Spaniards caiuf in suvh crowds to the canijj with
nnisic and dancing, that the scene resendded more
an ussembhige of troops for spectacle, and review

■I 'I ^r
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If:

;[i

if!

l!lll!

iH"'

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

V\'

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; .

170Gon a festive or gala day, than the camp of an
hostile army of forei^.iers. Eventually, Arch-
duke Charles of Austria was proclaimed Kinj^
of Spain, wi' h the usual solemnities.

While the tide of succiss thus flowed with a
.right and powerful stream, King Charles, led
hy pernicious councils, made unnecessary delays
in his journey to the capital, which occasioned his
frii'iids to become discouraged ; at the same time
the partizans of Philip of Anjou took up arms,
and the French troops returning from Catalonia
by way of France, joined the Duke of Berwick,
who Avas soon in a condition to assume offensive
operations, and the communication of the allies
\vith Portugal was cut off. The King eventually
arrived ; ])ut the favourable moment had passed
away, and the fortune of war was no^v in favour
of his opponent ; the army after quitting Madrid
proceeded to Guadalaxara, and afterwards to the
vicinity of Cliinchon in the province of Toledo,
where it halted a month. But, unable, under the
change of circumstances, to maintain this forward
jKJsition, the troops retired across the Tagus at
Fuente Duennas, — thence ]>rocee(ling through the
fine champaign country of La Mancha, afterwards
])assed the Xucar and went into cantonments in
Valencia — exten<ling their quarters from Dc'iiia on
the Mediterranean, to Kequ« i, in the j)rovince of
Cuj'nca. Thus the regiment made, as it were, the
tour of Spain in one canq)aign ; commencing at
Hadajos, and after traversing the two Castiles,finisli-
ing in Valencia and Murcia, at the distance of 150
leagues from the place where it JK'gan oju'ralions.
Having passed the winter in (juiet and convenient

THE SECOND DRAOOON GUARDS.

cantonments amongst the peasantry of Valencia, 1707
tlie Third Horse again took the field with the
army in the early part of April 1707, and, after
driving some of the enemy's detachments fnrther
into Castile, were encamped on the fruitful plain
at the foot of the .-fountains near Villena in
Murcia ; at the same time the united French and
Spanish forces, commanded by the Duke of Ber-
wick, advanced to Almanza, where the allies,
though inferior in numbers, particularly in cavalry,
resolved to attack him. Accordingly, on the 25th
of April the army was put in motion, and after
marching a distance of fifteen miles through a
rugged and difficult country, the troops arrived,
faint and fatiguea, on the pLain in front of the
enemy, and, about three o'clock in the afternoon,
the engagement commenced under circumstances
particularly unfavourable. Soon after the battle
began, the Portuguese cavah*y on the right gallop-
ed out of the field and never returned ; yet the
liritisb and Dutcn contested the ground with
singular intrepidity ; and the Third, or Harvey's
Horse, after being under fire for some time, were
directed to attack two French rei^iments of foot.*
Lieutenant-Colonel Uoper led the regiment to tlie
charge, and the daring scpuidrons rushed forward
with a spirit and })ower whicii broke through the
enemy's ranks with a terril)le clamour and con-
fusion, while the gallant troo|;ers cut down the

* ' Two French refjinicnts beinii far advanced, tha LovdTyiaw-

* ley ordered Colonel Roiht, who connnaiidcd Major-General
' Harvey's Horse, to attack them, ^vhich was done with so much

* vifjoiir, that they broke throufih them and made them bejf for

* (juartor, before the enemy's cavalry could come to then' assistance.'

Annals iif Qui'i'/i Anno.

?»r

!lr;

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

i-r

1707 infantry with their broad swords, until the French-
men begged for quarter. The enemy brouxrht
forward fresh troops. Tiie fight was hot, and
Lieutenant-Colonel Roper, with many other brave
and daring spirits, fell nobly in the conflict ; yet
eventually the allies were obliged to quit the
field ; and the cavalry retreated to Alcira. But
several regiments of infantry were dispersed or
captured during the action, and the remainder,
after retreating to the hills of Caudet, were, on the
following day, surrounded, and made prisoners.
Thus terminated this unfortunate day, in which, the
Third Horse had, besides their Lieutenant- Colonel,
Captain Nicholson, and Lieutenant Bridger killed ;
and Lieutenant Gee, Cornet Broughton, and Quar-
termaster Sonden wounded and taken ]>risoners :
but no record appears to have been preserved of
the number of privfite men killed and wounded.

The regiment was employed during the re-
mainder of the year in defensive operations, and
))y skilful manoeuvring and indefatigable industry,
the |)rincipality of Catalonia was preserved from
the power of the enemy : and the canq)aign
proved less disastrous uj)on the whole than might
liave been exj)ected after the unfortunate defeat at
Almanza.

1708 ])uriiig the winter every nutans were used to
replace the losses, and in the spring of 1708, when
the army took tlie field, the excellent ron(liti<>n of
the regiment excited much admiration. * It was

* ' Tho Rojrimcnt of Ilorso ol' Gononil Harvoy iscortaiiily ono

* of till' (iut'st it-yiiTieiits ihat vwv was seen, and tho worst liorso tlicy

* liavo is worth iii'ty pistoles. The (jounl doNoyoHcs, ((JoiDuuiiidor-

* ill Chief ill Caluluniu) who some few days before his death

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

encamped a short time in a valley near Monblanco, 1 708
and afterwards on the fertile plain near Cervera,
30 miles from Tarragona ; at the same time the
enemy was encamped at Agramont and Ponze.
The war in Spain was not conducted with vigour;
the allies remained on the delensive ; and the
services of the Third Horse appear to have been
limited to a few skirmishes amongst the mountain
defiles of Catalonia : in the autumn they pro-
ceeded into village cantonments.

When the season for military operations again 1700
arrived in the spring of 1709, the army was too
weak for any importjint undertaking. During
the sunnner the regiment was encamped on the
banks of the Segre ; and, having forded the river
on the 20th of August, it advanced through a
fertile country to Bahfi^uer, and formed part of
the army which besieged and took that town, and
also Atrer, a place twelve miles from Balaguer.
While engaged in these operations, King Philip
placed himself at the head of the French and
Spanish forces, and advanced to attack the allies ;
but his menaciuir manoeuvres ended in some slight
skirmishing; and after placing garrisons iu the
captured towns, the army rei>asst'd the river, and
the Third Horse went into (piarters.

The cam|)aign of 1710 was distinguished by 1710
greater sictivity.

The two claimants to the throne of Si)ain took

* reviowed that regiment, wus so well pleased with it, that he

* returned thanks to Colonel Gorinii, who commands it, and to tho
' rest of the oillcers, and told them, that in his letter to the Duke
' of MarlhurouKh, he would take a partioulav notice of the good

* condition wherein lie had Ibundit.'

' Pimr/ii. !Slul<; of luirnfif,' vol, \ix. p. 2'2J.

1 'f

• ii

: 'I

^f !: i

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t;i

■i

' !!

I. ( 't

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

'710 t]je f^g](i jij person : King Charles placing himself
at the head of the English, Dutch, Germans, and
Portuguese ; and King Philip at the head of the
French and Spaniards. The allies took the field
in May, 1710 ; and encamped near Balaguer.
.On the 10th of June, King Charles reviewed the
British troops, and expressed his admiration of
their high condition, and martial appearance.
The excellent condition of the Third Regiment
of Horse appears to have attracted general admi-
ration : Carlton, in hiri Memoirs, speaks of it in
terms of commendation, and calls it " the com-
pletest of any regiment in the world."

The enemy having considerable advantage in
point of numbers, the allies covered the approach
to their camp with entrenchments, and batteries.
On the 12th of June King Philip advanced with
his whole army in order of battle ; but after recon-
noitring the position of the allies, he retired, and
encamped at Belcayre. On the following day he
again advanced in order of battle, and came within
half cannon-shot of the allies, but after the loss
of about 300 men from the fire of the batteries, he
airain retreated: Avhen Lieutenant-General !Stan-
hope, who commanded the British troops in Spain,
placed himself at the head of this regiment, and
attacking the enemy's right wing in its retiring
movement with great courage, threw several squad-
rons into disorder. On the following day the
enemy encamped between I'^vas and JJarbens ; at
the same time the allies passed the Segre, and
encamped at Portella ; but returned to their for-
mer station a few days afterwards. On the 'iOlh
of July information was n^ceived that the enenjy

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

had marched to Lerida; when the allies imme- 1710
diately proceeded in the direction of Alfaras, and
Lieutenant-General Stanhope was sent forward
with four regiments of cavalry to secure the pass
through the heights in front of that place.

On the 27th of July the English advance-guard
discovered nineteen of the enemy's squadrons, and
some infantry on the march. Lieutenant-General
Stanhope immediately took possession of the rising
ground in his front, and awaited the arrival of the
army : at the same time the enemy formed in
order of battle, on an elevated site near Almanara.
After the main body had arrived, Lieutenant-
General Stanhope obtained permission of King
Charles to attack the enemy, and advancing with
ten squadrons, of which the Third Horse formed a
part, he ascended the tirst rising ground, when he
saw facing him a line of twenty-two squadrons,
flanked on the right by a church which was occu-
pied by a body of infantry ; and behind them, a
second line of twenty squadrons, with nine batta-
lions in the centre. The British General thenhalted
until he was joined by six additional squadrons,
when, placing himself at the head of the right squad-
ron of the Third Horse he led the whole forward to
attack the enemy, whose first line advanced at the
same time to meet him. It was a noble spectacle of
war, and calculated to arouse a martial spirit even
in the phlegmatic Spaniards. The ground was
clear. The rays of the evening sun glanced upon
the hostile squadrons as they advanced with
eagerness for the combat, and shed a fiery lustre
upon the polished arms and floating standards, as
these martial ranks rushed upon each other w ith

li ,

:■;[!'

i :;l:

HISTOKICAL RECORD OF

I 1

I! I'll !|

1-4 ii

m
III.

}

,ii

\ III!
I?

1 7 10 deadly fury. The enemy's best troops had come
forward ; the alhes were of equal bravery ; and
the tremendous shock of the first onset was imme-
diately succeeded by the clash of swords in tierce
and deadly combat. Never did British troops
display greater valour, and the enemy's left soon
gave way before the superior prowess of their
antagonists ; but the centre and right, where King
Philip's Life Guards were posted, made a gallant
resistance ; yet such was the astonishing resolution
and bravery of the British horsemen, that the whole
of the enemy's first line was routed in a fewminutes.
The pursuing squadrons giving them no respite,
dashed forward, and attacked the enemy's second
line with a fury and power which nothing could
withstand. The whole of the enemy's cavalry
was soon overthrown, and with their infantry, fled
in disorder ; while the darkness of the night
augmented their terror and confusion, as the
victorious troopers pouring down upon the rear,
sabred the panic-struck fugitives amongst the
defiles and rugged chasms in the mountains.

The loss of the enemy in this engagement was
very great : that of the allies comparatively
trifling. It was altogether an affair of cavalry ;
for the enemy was routed before the infantry could
reach the scene of action. The English lost in
this engagement Brigadier-General Earl Rocli-
fort, Brigadier-General Count Nassau, Colonel
Travers, Captain La Porte, Cornet Garson,
Cornel Webb, one Quartermaster, and 73 men,
killed ; and Lieutenant-General Stanhope, Lieu-
tenant-General Carpenter, Lieutenant-Colonel
Bland, (Captain Ravenel, Captain Willis, Captain

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

Moor, Captain Naizon, Lieutenant Mills, Lieu- 1710
tenant Patterson, Lieutenant Jobber, Lieutenant
Heron, Lieutenant Wood, Cornet Wildgoose,
Cornet Du Case, one Quartermaster, and 113 men,
wounded.* King Charles expressed, in the
strongest terms, his sense of the great bravery
displayed by the British cavalry in this action.
After returning from the pursuit, the troops en-
camped on the ground in front of Almanara ;
the army afterwards marched towards the Cinca,
and took several strong places in Arragon.

King Philip called in his detachments and
retired. Both armies passed the Ebro on the
19th of August; and on the following day the
allies attacked the French and Spaniards in their
position in front of Saragoasa. The enemy was
posted in an oblique line, with the Ebro on their
left, and a steep hill on their right. The attack
commenced about mid-day, and was made upon
the whole front of the enemy's position, with great
gallantry and resolution. For a short time the
palm of victory was severely contested. The two

* The Envoy of Savoy, who was present at this engagement,
made the following observations in his account of the action : ' It
'is certain they (the English cavalry) fought with great valour.
' The number of killed and wounded, in proportion to the troops
' engaired, shew how well ^he victory was at first disputed. Lieu-
' tenant-General Stanhope i.mght at the head of one of Harvey's
« squadrons, and had a personal encounter with one of the enemy's

• ofKccrs, supposed to be General Amenzega, who was found
' amongst the slain. The enemy threw away their arms, tents,
' and a great quantity of ammunition. Luckily for them there
' never was a darker night, which hindered our gaining such a

• victory as would have finished the war in Spain, As to prisoners,
' the fury with which we charged, and the little daylight we had,
' would not allow us to take many. We have taken the kettle-<Irums
' and standard of the J^ife Guards, and a standard of the regiment
' of Grenada.'

Annals nf Queim Anne.

,f .1

'Hi

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•I -I I

HISTOKrCAL HECORD OF

'I i

]

D! >

1; r

li i

1710 Sovereigns of Spain were in the field ; their pre-
sence animated the soldiers to deeds of heroism,
and the Third Horse had another opportunity of
distinguishing themselves. For a short time they
were spectators of the combat, while the roar of
cannon and of musketry echoed in the mountains,
and responded to the impetuous turmoil and clash
of arms in the plain, the smoke of battle enshroud-
ing the hostile legions, and waving in gloomy
volumes over the scene of conflict ; and when the
regiment was called upon to advance, the shock of
its charging squadrons broke the enemy's half
disordered ranks in pieces. Although the enemy
had the advantage of numbers and position, the
valour and fortitude of the allies overcame all
difficulties, and after a deadly contest of two hours,
gained a complete victory. The Walloon troops
in the service of King Philip were the first that
gave way ; eventually their whole army was over-
thrown, while the victors, following in hot pursuit,
strewed the line of retreat with slain ; and cap-
tured 2*2 pieces of cannon, 72 standards and
colours, a great quantity of amnmnition, baggage,
and the plate of King Philip ; whose army of 40
battalions and 60 squadrons was destroyed, ex-
cepting about 8000 men that escaped. Such was
the bravery of the British, and their allies, in this
action, that a complete victory was gained with
the loss of not more than 2000 men.

The allies now marched in triumph direct upon

the capital, which was again entered on the 21st of

September by a detachment of British trooj)s, who

took possession of the principal posts in the city.

■ A separate body of Portugueze, and some Eng-

THE SECOND DKA(iO()N GUaKDS.

:37

lisli foot were at this period manoeuvring on 1710
the frontiers of Portugal, and the junction of these
troops with the main army at Madrid, was of the .
utmost importance, to enable the allies to enlarge
the sphere of their operations. The success of
the war, and the destiny of Spain, appeared to be
suspended on the speedy arrival of these troops ;
but after the most pressing instances had been
made, and every facility given for this union of the
two armies, the Portuguese generals retreated,
without any apparent cause, and sent their troops
into winter quarters.

In the mean time the enemy collected the bro-
ken remains of his army, and uuited them with
the forces in Estremadura ; at the same tin »e
troops were ordered from all parts of France to
proceed by forced marches to Spain, vtuii in the
beginning of November, King Philip was again
at the head of an army superior in numbers to that
of the allies, and had, in addition to his regular
troops, numerous bands of mountaineers and
armed peasantry already in the field. King
Charles, therefore, consulted his own safety, and
retired with a strong escort to Barcelona ; and
the main army having marched from Madrid,
was closely pressed by the 'j-Mny in its retiring
movements ; at the same time the country people
not only withheld supplies of provision and forage,
but also availed themselves of every opportunity to
attack the allies, and plunder their baggage.
Thus exposed and harassed on every side, after the
fatigues of a long campaign, — in a country hostile
to their cause, — in inclement weather, without
tents, — and exhausted by privations, the condition

!' li

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1:1

IIISTOIUCAL RECORD OF

* I

1 I

y
i

I i

of the troops may easily be conceived. The
Third Horse, with a squadron of the Royal
Dragoons, Pepper's Dragoons, Stanhope's Dra-
goons, a battalion of Foot Guards, and seven
battalions of Infantry of the line, forming the rear
column on the left under Lieutenant-General
Stanhope, retreated along the Taj una, and on the
6th of December arrived ;it Bnhuega, a village of
about a thousand houses, situate on the side of a
mountain near the river. The Avhole halted on
the 7th ; but in the evening orders were expected
for resuming the retreat, and the troops quartered
in tiie little romantic village of Brihiiega, were
directed to hold themselves in readiness to march
at an hour's notice ; at the same time no appre-
hension of danger a}>pejirs to have been entertained.
13ut at the moment when the troops stationed in
this rural seclusion were exj)ecting orders to march,
2000 of tlie enemy's horse and a body of foot
suddenly a})peared on the top of the hill which
overlooks the town. The Duke of Vendosme,
who commanded tiie French and Spaniards under
King Philip, had advanced by forced marches,
and he was enabled by the information he re-
ceived from tlie ])easantry, (whose hostility to the
Jiritish |)reveute(l the latter from receiving true
intelligence) to surprise and surround these regi-
ments with a force more than ten times their
number. Their retreat Ix'ing thus cut off, the
Knglish prepared for a vigorous defence ; but
unfortunately they ha<l no artillery, and very little
ammnnitioi:: and the place, tiiough surrounded by
a ruinous old \viill, had no mciins of defence within
itself.

THE SECOND DKAGOON GUARDS.

The town was surrounded: the enemy having 1710
forced the gates, and battered down ])art of the
wall with their cannon, — gave a general assault ;
but were repulsed by the British troops, and
driven back with great loss. The attack was,
however, repeated, and the men, having spent all
their ammunition, defended themselves a short
time with stones and other missiles ; but being
pent up where the cavalry could not act, they were
reduced to the necessity of be;iting a ])arley, and
surrendering themselves prisoners of war. Thus
tliose brave veterans, whose gallantry had pro-
duced universal admiration, and whose achieve-
ments are immortalized in history, were consigned
to surveillance and to prison, until they were
exchanged.

It being the end of the campaign, the regiments
were not complete in numbers. The total, officers
and men, taken prisoners on this occasion, was
2*228 : and the enemy lost near 2000 men in their
attacks on the village. Amongst the prisoners
were Lieutenant-Generals Stanhope, Carpent<;r,
and Wills ; Major-General Pepper, and Brig-
adier-Cieneral Gore.

The regiment did not remain long in captivity, 1711
before it was exchanged and sent to England ;
where it arrived in October, 1711 ; and was
stationed at Kingston-upon-Thames, until its
ranks were recruited and remounted.

On the 1st January, 1712, John Bland was 171-2
appointed CoK)nel of the regiment; and in
NovtMuber of the same year it proceeded *'»
Ireland.

Tiie services of the regiment in Ireland appear 1713

;t:

,1 ■(

HISTOKrCAL RECORD OF

] 713 to have been of a pacific diameter — inarching from
town to town — mounting guard at the ca})ilal, —
taking part in reviews, and other military sj)ec-
tacles, forming the ordinary routine of its duties.

1715 During its stay in Ireland the command of the
regiment was conferred on Colonel Thomas Pitt,
(afterwards Earl of Londonderry,) by commission
dated 9tli February, 1715; and in the following
summer it was ordered to return to England,
wliere the character of its services Mas changed,
and it was called upon to suppress riots and to
check devastation. The Papists were making
strenuous exertions to effect the destruction of the
existing Government, and to establish Popish as-
ceiuhuicy ; in which they were abetted by France
and Spain. The preparations made by the Pie-
teiider for a descent from abroad, and the rej)eated
instances of tumult, riot, and open resistance to
the law which occurred in England, induced
His Majesty ((ieorge I.) to cc- n:and the Third
Horse and several other corps lo eturn to Eng-
land without delay ; at the same time commissions
were issued for raising thirteen regiments of Dra-
goons and eight of Infantry. The Third Horse
landed at Higlilake in Cheshire in July, and were
afterwards (juartered in Staffordshire.

The exertions of Government did not, however,
intimidate its enemies. The Earl of Mar called
an assembly of Scots noblenu'n in tlu* Highlands,
and excited them to take up arms for the Pre-
tender. He slu>we(l tluMn his «'onmiission as
Jjieutenant-General and director of the war; —
assured them he was provided with money suffi-
cient to levy men, and to pay the troops regularly,

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

when raised ; — declared that the Pretender would 1715
arrive with an armament and military stores, as
soon as a port was ready to receive him ; — and
expressed his determination to summon his
vassals, and hazard his life at their head. Many
persons of distinction were thus induced to unite
with the Earl of Mar; and in September they
assembled a body of men and erected the Pre-
tender's standard. At the same time the dis-
affected in England had so openly declared their
intention of taking arms when an opportunity
offered, that it was considered of greater import-
ance to disperse the army through the whole
kingdom, than to consolidate the troops and crush
at once the rebel force in Scotland. The different
corps were therefore placed in extensive canton-
ments ; and this regiment was quartered at
Stafford, Wolverhampton, and other places; from
whence it subsequently "larched into Cheshire and
Lancashire.*

The Earl of Mar was soon at the head of ten
thousand men; and encouraged by tlie little resist-
ance he met Avitli, he sent ]5rigadier-(ieneral
Mackintosh for\»'ard with a small band, Avho took
Leitli, and ravage<l East and Mid Lolhian. Tiiis
force was afterwards joined by a body of rebels
from ('umberland, and by another party from the
soutli of Scotland : their numbers were thus in-
creased to about '2300 men, and the connnand of
this division was entrusted to (leneral Foster;
\\'\u) passed the border and marched to Lancaster
nitbont me<'ting with oj)position, although a

IB!

^ '4

* I I'

.I'l

^11

Wiir-OlHco KucoihIh, Annals of Cjciugu I., Sur.

.] .

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

■s t

;1!

S i

? ;

> '

If ;

I J- J 5 militia force and the posse comitatus, amounting;
to near 10,000 men in one body, were assembled
to oppose him at Penrith ; and a similar force of
the same strength again at Kendal; yet they
refused to face a division of the rebels not above
one-fourth t; .ir own number.

To oppose this daring advance Major-G",neral
Wills, who commanded in Cheshire, was directed
to assemble the few regular troops under his
orders and fight the rebels. The corps assembled
for this service was the Third Regiment of
Horse and 26th Regiment of Foot, with the
newly-raised Dragoon regiments of Stanhope,
Wynne, Iloneywood, Munden, and Dormer,
amounting to about 2,000 men. But the rebels,
who had advanced to Preston, having been joined
by 1200 men in Lancashire, had such advantage
in numbers, that they imagined the King's troops
would not venture to attack them ; hovv't^ver, when
they received advice of JMajor-General Wills'
advance;, they threw up entrenchments, — erecttMl
barricades, — and planted cannon at the avenues
of the town.

At break of day, on the 12th of Novend)er,
Major-Ger.v.ral Wills and his little anuy were in
full march for Pn'ston, and in the afternoon they
arrived in front of the town. Preparations were
immediately made for the assault. J*art of each
regiment of Dragoons was dismounted, and a
simultaneous attack was made on both sides of
the town. The advance of the Third Ilorsc;
was niach' on the main road leading from Preston
to INIanchester.

The onset ua^galianlly made, 'i'he fury (»f the

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

nssailaiits for a short time carried all before them, 1715
— the first barricades were forced and the troops
charged into the town. But the rebels were
posted in great numbers in the houses, and their
fire obliged the King's troops to retreat ; when a
new mode of proceeding was resolved upon.
The troops having effected a lodgment at the
mjiin entrances, the houses were set on fire at
both ends of the town ; and the soldiers, ad-
vancing with the flames, fired their fatal volleys
on the rebels as they retired before the devour-
ing element It was a dreadful scene, and dis-
])laye{l in awful reality the horror • -^f intestine
war. Night coming on, the work ot destruction
was partly stayed ; but it was renewed on the
following morning. The valour of the King's
troo})s, and the stern and determined resolution
with Avhich they continued the assault, alarmed
the rebels, — they l)eat a j)arley, and a cessation
of hostilities until the next day was agreed
upon.

During the night every means were uf^ed to
prevent the escajje of those men who had tiius
proved themselves determined enemies to their
country ; and the I'hird Ilorst; appear to have
"liven si^Mal proof of their hostility to the
rebels, auvi of their loyalty and attachment to
the l*r<>tt'stanl succession. The regiment was
jHJsted near the f>r(ls of the river, and during
the night many of tlie I'lu'ls, dreading the
jMinishnuMit which awaitrd their crimes, pre-
ci|>itats(l themselves on the ranks, and en-
deavoured to «'ut tiieir

passage

through, and

escaj)e; but they fell beneath the sabres oi the

i i

I i IS

a "^

iriSTORICAL RECORD OF

It.::'

1^.

E M

'2 J

■• i

1715 loyal troopers: and that stream, which diffuses
fertility and facilitates commerce, — the wealth of
Britain, — was dyed with the blood of its sons.

Come additional forces under Mjijor-GeiK'ral
Carpenter hiMung arrived to join in the atta«'k,
the rel»ols surrendered at daybr*'ak on die
14th of November, i\nd weiti mmU'. prisonL-rs,
when their numbers were foujjd to re reduced
from about 5000. to 1480, of Vkiiom 118 were
persons of distinction ; many of the prisoner!-
were afterwards exjcuted and otliers transported.*

The conduct of the Third Horse on this v-i ca-
tion }»rocured them the approbation of their
Sov'^reii-n, and the title of The Princess of
Wai >' Own Royal Regiment of PIorse.

After the termination of this unnatural war-
fare the reij-iment remained at Preston for several
1716 months. In October, 171G, it man hedto Wind-
sor, Ei^ham, Staines, and Colnbrook, and
assisted the Life Guards in furnishing the tra-

* Return of killed and wounded of the

Kin<j

s troops in the

attack of the rebels at Preston, on liio

12th and 13th

November, 1715.

RKGIMENTS.

Killrd.

Wounded.

t/j

e
o

G
O

Pitt's ildrsL', — now -'ml Dra(>;oon Guards

^^ vn'if's Di-A^'dons ., Otli Lancirs

1;")

','1

1')

Iloiieywdoirs „ Utli Li>;iit DiiiLrooiis

> •

jidinileu's „ IMh Dragodiis . .

• 1

Dormer's „ l^lth ....

. 1

'i;

Stuuhoiie's, ufter-viirds (llHtiandeJ

Preston's Foot, nov, '";i!i .Veyiai iit . ,

Total . . .

;{

.i'-

•l.i

1.1

•11

■'

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

4.;

veiling escorts for the Royal Faimly. In the l/IG
following month it was reviewed in Hyde Park
by His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, who
was guardian of the kingdom in the absence of
His Majesty at Hanover. Its establishment at
this period was 28 officers, 6 quartermasters, 12
corporals, 6 trumpeters, and 240 private men.*

In May, 1717, it was relieved from the travelling 1717
escort duty and marched into quarters in the
maritime towns on the coast of Kent; from whence
it proceeded in April, 1718, to Bedfordshire, with 1718
detached troops "n Cornwall ; where a reduction
of 90 men was made in the establishment.

During the following year it occupied quarters 1710
in Warwickshire. In May, 1720, it marched 1720
into quarters in Bedfordshire and Buckingham-
shire ; and in the autumn it furnished a relay of
escorts to attend His Majesty on his return from
the Continent.

The regiment remained in the south of England 172 1
durnig the summer of 1721. In May, 1722, it |7-22
was encamped near Andover, and afterwards on
Salisbury Plain, where two regiments of Horse,
two of Dragoons, and seven of Infantryf were

81^

* War-OflRco Establishment Book.

+ List of i'egimonts reviewed by King George I. on Salisbury
Plain on the 30th of August, 1722.

H >RSK.

Foot.

Princess of. Wales's, now 2nd

Wills' . . .

now 3rd Foot.

Dragoon Guards.

Cadogan's

,. 4th „

Wade's, now 3rd ditto.

Pocock's

„ 8th ..

Montague's

., nth „

Dkaooons.

Stanwix's

., iJth „

Evans', now 4th Dragoons.

Clayton's

.. nth .,

Gore's „ lOtii „

Grove's

„ 19th „

"\\

."M^

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

'if.

During the summer of 1723, the regiment

I":

1722 assembled ; and these corps were reviewed on the
Phiin by His Majesty on the 30th of August.
After the review, the Princess of Wales's Horse
escorted the King to Winchester, and on the fol-
lowing day to Portsmouth, where His Majesty
reviewed the shipping in the harbour, and also
the regiments in garrison. In October the regi-
ment struck its tents and marched into quarters at
Newbury and its vicinity.

1723

occupied quarters at Northampton, Daventry, and
Stony Stratford; it passed the winter at Colnbrook,
Uxbridge, and Chertsey.

1721 In the spriuf > ^'^2A, it marched to Warwick

1725 and Coventry : h'iu I nee it proceeded in 1725
into Devonshire, ')nu during the winter of 1726,
it was stationed in extensive quarters in North-
anipto isliire, &c.

1720 On tlie 26th of Aujrust, 1726, John, Duke of
A'-gyjp, was appointed to the Colonelcy of the
regiment, in succession to the Earl of London-
derry.

1727 O/i the accession of I'ling George II. to the
Throne, in ,hine, 1727, the Princess of AVales
became Queen, and the title of the regiment was
clumged to 'i'liK Queen's Own Royal Regi-
ment oi' f lonsE.

'J'jie regiment was immediately ordered to
march into quarters in the vicinity of London : on
the; 2()th of July, it fiirnislied the guards for the
l^oyal Family; and ojj the following day, a squa-
dron of 10 rank and tile, an n (Juard of Honor to
the Kin,<f, during the review of il four troops of

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

Life Guards and two troops of Horse Grenadier 1727
Guards in Hyde Park.*

The regiment was afterwards employed in the
travelling escort duty ; and was reviewed on Kew
Green, on the 2nd of August by His Majesty,
accompanied by the Queen, and attended by many
noblemen and General Officers, and its appear-
ance and movements were highly approved. f

The Queen's Horse having been relieved in 1728
their attendance on the Court, proceeded, in
February, 1728, to Nottina^liam and Stamford ;
and in the spring of 1729, to Coventry and 1729
Warwick. In May, 1730, they again proceeded 1730
into cantonments near London, and on the 20tli of
that month, furnished a squadron to keep the
ground during His Majesty's review of the Life
Guards in Hyde Park. After this review^ the
Queen's Horse took the travelling escort duty, and
on the 24th of June, they were reviewed ?»y His
Majesty on Datchet Co.j'uon, together with ♦he
King's 0\vn Regiment of Horse, now 1st Dragocn
Guards.

In January, 1731 ihe Queen's Horse were 1731
relieved from their attendance on the Royal

■ h

■I
I,

i; '

I'
I'

'. I

r >.

t»v

* Detail of Guards furnished on this occasion.

Captains. I.ifU- Cornt'ts. (Jiiarter-

niastcrs.

The Kin},''s Guard 1 ,

at Whitehall . f '

The Queen's Guard .,

The PrinceSsc-*' \

Guard at Ken- t ,,

Kington . . j

Total

tiMiaiits.
1
1

1
1

Tnim- Corporals
[x'tors. Sir l'n\ atea.

I ,>0

IVar-Offict Route Book.
■*■ I.o^ylji; Gazette, /v,c.

li I

'^ >,

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

i'lgj

1731 Family by Wade's Horse, now Srd Dragoon
Guards ; they passed the summer in quarters
along the coast of Kent and Sussex, and the winter

1732 at Nottingham and Derby. In 1732 they occu-
pied various ^ carters in Bedfordshire and North-

1733amptonsiiire; and in August, 1733, the Colonel-
cy Tvas conferred on Lieutenant-General William
Kvans, from the 4th Dragoons, in succession to the
Duke of Argyle, wlio y.'i? removed to the Royal
Horse Guards.

1734 The Queen's Horse passed tlie summer of 1734,
and the succeeding winter, in very extensive quar-
ters in the counties of Hants, Salop, and Chester ;

1735 from whence they proceeded, ir April, 1735, to
Newcastle, Ashburn, and Burton ; and in June of
the same year, they removed to Coventry,
Warwick, and Stratford-upon-Avon, where they

1736 passed the winter. In March, 1736, they were
'•('moved to Northampton, Towcester, and Stony

i 73/ Stratford ; and in January, 1737, they relieved
the King's Horse from the travelling escort duty.
They furnished the Guards of Honor for the Royal
Family at th review of the Life Guards in June
of the same year,* also the guard at Windsor
Castle during the review of the Foot Guards in
July; and in September, having been reheved
from their attendance on the Court by Wade's

* Strength of Es' >rt8 furnishod on this occasion.

C'.|itain, Subalterns. Trumpeters. Corporals

and Privates.

1 1 I 24

„ 1 I 16

1 „ 10

i» ij .f "

War -Office Rcconh.

For the Kinjr
„ the Quef^u
„ tliti Prince
„ the Duke

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

Horse, they procee ' fl into quarters at Coventry 1737
and Warwick, where they passed the winter.

During the years 1738 and 1739, they occupied 1738
various quarters in Essex, Kent, and Northanip- 173*)
tonshire; and after the decease of Lieutenant- 1^40
General Evans, the Colonelcy was conferred on
John, Duke of Montague, by commission dated
the 6th of May, 1740. During the month of
June, of the same year, they again took the
escort duty, and were encamped for several Aveeks
in Windsor Forest.

In January, 1741, Wade's Horse took the 1741
escort duty, and the Queen's Own Horse marched
into quarters in Essex and Kent ; from whence
they returned to London in the beginning of
May, 1742, and resumed their attendance on the 1742
Court; and in the autumn of 1743, they fur- jr^;^
nished a relay of escorts to attend the King and
the Duke of Cumberland on their arrival from
the Continent.

The regiment remained in the south of Eng-]744
land until Charles-Edward, eldest son of the 1745
Pretender, arrived in Scotland, and commenced
hostilities against the existing government with
the Highland olans, when it was ordered to Not-
tingham and Derby. The greater part of the
King's army being in Flanders, tho government
had only a few newly-raised corps to opjiose to the
rebel Highlanders, who were men accustomed
from their youth to hostile aggression and conflict
amongst themselves, and were inured to danger,
privation, and the use of arms. With these hardy
mountaineers, the young Pretender advanced to

*'.i

;if

> I:' I

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1745 Edinburgh; obtained possession of thit rity by
treachery ; and defeated at Preston Pans, a small
body of troops commanded by Major-General
Sir John Cope. Elated with this transient suc-
cess, the young adventurer resolved to penetrate
into England : but formidable preparjitions had
in the mean time been made to oppose his
progress. Many of the British nobility displayed
their loyalty by raising troops to supj)ort the
throne, and the Colonel of the Queen's Horse,
(the Duke of Montague) raised a regiment of
cavalry, whicli was styled "JNIontague's Horse,"
or the " King's Carabiniers ;" and a regiment of
foot, which Avas designated the " Ordnance Regi-
ment." The Duke of Kingston also raised a
regiment of Light Horse. The Duke of Ancaster,
Duke of Bedford, Duke of Bolton, Marquis of
Granby, Earl of Cholmondeley, Earl of Berkeley,
Earl of Halifax, Lord Gower, Lord Falmouth,
Lord Harcourt, Lord Edgecombe, and Lord Her-
bert, levied each a regiment of F'oot. An associ-
ated Regiment of the Law was also formed,
composed of gentlemen of the gown, commanded
by Lord Chief Justice Willes : and England Avas
become a seminary of soldiers, Avhen the King
declared his intention, if the rebellion Avas not
speedily suppressed, of placing himself at the head
of the army. In the mean time. Field Marshal
Wade Avas directed to proceed to the north Avith
a body of troops, to oppose the advance of the
Highlanders, and the Queen's Regiment of Horse
Avas one of the corps selected for this service.
Field Marshal Wade assembled the troops at

'.>■>;

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

.: I

Doiicaster ; from Avhence the cavalry proceeded 1745
to York, and subsequently to Newcastle-upon-
Tyne ; and they were folloAved by the infantry on
the 21st October. The rebels, however, con-
trived by great vigilance to avoid this force, and
penetrate into the heart of England. Field
Marshal Wade then marched by Durham, Dar-
lington, and Richmond, in order to cover York-
shire. On the 5th of December he was at
Weatherby; but judging himself too much to the
west he marched to F'errybridge, Avhere he arrived
with the infantry on the 8th of December, and
the cavalry under his orders reached Doncaster
on the same day. Here he received information of
the march of the Highlanders to Derby, and of
their subsequent retreat, Avhen he resolved to
march by Wakefield and Halifax into Lanca-
shire, to intercept their return to Scotland ; but re-
ceiving intelligence of their precipitate flight, he
despatched Major- General Oglethorp with the
Queen's Horse, and some other cavalry, in pursuit,
and followed with the main body.

The regiment left Doncaster on the 10th of
December, and evinced its eagerness to distin-
guish itself against the enemies of its country by
performing a march of upwards of one hundred
miles in three days in most inclement weather,
and along roads choked with snow and ice,* by
which it succeeded in taking several prisoners.
On the 13th of December the regiment was at
Preston, where it was joined by a detachment of
the horse under the Duke of Cumberland. This

'!■-■!

History of the Rebellion in 1745, London Gazettes. &c.

H 2

>. ^^^.■'■^-.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

■.^

, 1

1745 body of cavalry, pressing forward In the pursuit,
overtook the rear of the rebels near Penrith ;
wlien a skirmish ensued on Clifton Moor, and the
Highlanders were defeated with considerable
loss. The main body, however, effected its escape
into Scotland ; leaving the Manchester regiment
and about '200 Highlanders in garrison at Car-
Hale. The Queen's Horse were amongst the fore-
most in the pursuit, and they were before Carlhle
during the siege, which was terminated by the
surrender of the town on the 30th of December.

After the capture of Carlisle, the regiment was
ordered to return to York, where it remained up-
wards of twelve months, during wliich time the
decisive battk^ of Culloden destroyed the hopes
of the Pretender and reduced tiie Jacobites to
obedience.

During the period the regiment was at York,*
it was reduced from the pay and quality of Horse
to that of Dragoons, wliich alteration took place
on the 25th of December, 1746. The officers
were continued without alteration; and the

* This year (174fi) died Arthur Manloy, who appears to have
served in this regiment a greater numhi'r of years than usu .lly
Tails to the lot oi' one man. The following? is a copy ol' his
epitaph, taken from a tonihstone at Coventry.

* Hero lieth the body of Arthur Munley, late quartermaster in

* the Quei>n's Royal Reninu'iit of Horse, who served the crown

* ofdreat Hritain upwards of fifty-six years, from the l.'jth of ,fuly,
' HiH't, to the '2 Ith of August, 174i. He died Juno 7th, 1746,
' uf?ed 78.

' The Israelites in desert wandered hut two score ;

• Rut I have wandered two score sixteen und more.

• In dusty campaij^rs, restless days and nights.
' In bloody batthts oft-times did I fi^ht :

• In Ireland, Flanders, France, and Spain:
' At last, here lies my poor mortal remains

' 1 served in the Foot ten years, and in the ubove Regiment of
' Horse upwards of forty-si.\ yturs.'

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

corporals, trumpeters, and privates had the option 1746
of their discliarge with 14 days' pay and a gratuity
of three pounds each, or to remain in the regiment,
and receive the gratuity of three pounds. At the
same time drummers and hauthoy-players were
substituted for trumpeters; the carabines were
returned into store, and muskets with bayonets
were received. The flask-string was removed from
the pouch-belt ; and the equipment was altered to
correspond with other regiments of Dragoons. The
officers were distinguished by gold- lace and em-
broidery on their regimentals, and a crimson silk
sash worn over the left shoulder ; the quartermas-
ters by gold-lace and silk sashes round their waists ;
and the serieants by narrow lace on the lapels,
sleeves, and pockets, and a worsted sash round the
waist.

When the establishment of the regiment as a l^'l^
corps of Dragoons was finally arranged, his
Majesty issued a Avarrant on the subject of its
future rank and title (and also of the rank and
title of two other regiments, which were altered
to Dragoons at the same tinie), of which the fol-
lowing is a copy : —

' (lEORGE R.

* Whereas, We have thought fit to order OiiR

* Own Regiment of II()HSE,c()nunan(led by Our

* trusty and well-beloved (ieneral Sir Philip
' Iloneywood ; The Queen's Royal Regiment
' OF lIoHSE, conniianded by Our right trusty and
' right entirely beloved Cousin and Counselloi",
' Jjieuteiiant~(i(;neral John Duk'i of Montague ;

* and Our Regiment of IIorse, commanded by
' Our riglil trusty and v*t 1 1 -beloved Counsellor,
' Field Marshal (ieorge Wade, to be respec-

n '

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1747

lively foiT:/td into regiments of Dragoons, and
their establishment and pay, as Dragoons, to
commence the 25th of December 1746. And,

* Whereas, it is become necessary, by the said
regiments being formed into Dragoons, that
their former titles as regiments of Horse should
be altered ; We are hereby graciously pleased
to declare Our Royal Will and Pleasure,
that Our regiment of Dragoons, now under the
command of General Sir Philip Honeywood,
shall bear the title of Our First Regiment of
Dragoon Guards ; Our regiment of Dragoons,
now commanded by the Duke of JMontague, the
title of Our Second Regiment of DkAiJoon
Guards; and Our regiment of Dnigoons, now
connnanded by Field Marshal Wade, the title ef
Our Third Regiment of Dragoon Guards,
and have rank and precedency of all other regi-
ments of Dragoons in our stu'vice. Nevertheless,

' Our further will and pleasure is, that the
said three regiments of Dragoon Guards shall
roll and do duty in Our army, or upon (h'tach-
nients, ^vitll Our other forces, as Dragoons, in
the same; manner as if the word Guards was
not inserted in their respective titles,

' AVhereof, the Coh>nels al)()ve mentioned, and
the Colonels of Our s;i,id regiments for the time
beinii", aiid all others whom it may or shall con-
cern, are to take noticv and govern themselves
accordiui'lv.

' Given at Our Court at St. tiames's, tins 9th
day of January, 1710-7, in the twentieth year of
Our reign."

Jiy His INIajesty's Command

II. Fox.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

From this period the cor!?a, which is the sub- 1747
ject of this memoir, has borne the title of The
Second, or Queen's, Regiment of Dragoon
Guards : the following is a copy of its first esta-
blishment us a corps of Dragoon Guards.

THE SECOND, OR QUEEN'S REGIMENT OF DRAGOON

GUARDS.

Staff Officers,
The Colonel, ns Cohifl, 15s. ; for ser-

Per Diem,

Per Annum.

£.

£,

fl.

vants 4s. 6(/. .....

• •

355

Lieut.-Colouel, «» Lieut. -Colonel

• •

• <

104

• •

Major, as Major .....

• •

« •

Chaplain .....

• •

121

Surgeon ......

• •

109

• •

Adjutant

• ■

,')

• •

TuK FiiisT Tiioop.

CnptainSj. ; 3 horses 3s. ; for servants 4s. fit/.

, ,

282

Lieutenant Js. ; 2 horses 2s. ; for servants 3s.

• •

164

• •

Cornet 3,v. ; 2 horses 2s. ; for servants 3s.

* •

• •

140

, ,

Quartermaster, for himself and horse 4s, ;

for servants Is. Cul. ....

100

3 Serjeants, each at 2s. 'J*/. . . ...

1.10

3 Corporals, each at 2s. 3(/. . . . ! . .

123

2 Drummers, each at 2s. 3(/.

. .

1 JIauthoy, at 2s. ....

. .

. ,

3(i

• •

59 Dragoons, at Is, 9</. each for man and

horsu ......

,')

1-884

Allowance to widows ....

3(i

For clothing lost by ileserters

F.' recruitiug expenses

Fc" i^j^ency

• •

FivK Tuoofs MOKE, of the Hamc numhvr

Total . . L

42
53

13
I,')

l.),5S0

18
18

9
4

19,030

ilil

!■ !

J, I

f^. i

M.'

HrSTORirAL RECORD OF

1747 The regiment left York in the early part of
] 747 for Derby and Nottingham ; it passed the

1748 following year at Bristol and other towns in

1 749 Somersetshire ; and in January, 1749, marched
to Gloucester, Worcester, Tewksbury, and Per-
shore ; where, after the conclusion of the peace
of Aix-la-Chapelle, a reduction of six Serjeants,
six corporals, and one hundred and thirty-eight
me!>. ' " made in the establishment.

After ilie decease of the Duke of Montague,
the Colonelcy of the Queen's Dragoon (luards
was conferred on Sir John Ligonier, K.B., from
the 4th Irish Horse, no ' 7th Dragoon Guards,
by commission dated the 24th of July, 1749.

In the autumn of the same year, the regiment
marched into quarters in the maritime towns on
the coast of Sussex, to assist the officers of the

17r>0 revenue in the prevention of smuggling. Froui
this duty it was relieved in the following ye?>".

17')! In 1751, it occupied quarters in Ktuit and Essex ;

1752 and in October, 1752, marched into Worcester-

1753 shire ; and while in these (]uarters, its Colonel, Sir
John Ligcmier, was removed to the Royal Horse
Guards, and the command of the regiment was
conferred on the Honourable William Herbert,
whose conunission was dated the 27tli of Janua>'y,
175.S.

The regiment left AV<icester in September,

175'3 ; and having ])assed the succeeding tnelve

months at York and Bradford, it m;: relied in

1751 October, 1754, for Durham, and afterwards for

Scothuul.

Some misunderstanding with llie PVench Go
vernnin'nt, n iative to th«' limits of the British

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

territory in North America, having given rise to 1755
acts of hostility, an augmentation was made to the
army in anticipation of an approaching war, and
in 1755, one corporal, and fifteen men were added
to each troop of the Queen's Dragoon Guards.
At the same time, the regiment heing mounted on
strong horses, admirably calculated for a charge,
in which Aveight and physical power were required,
but not so well adapted for skirmishing, or outpost
duty, its efficiency was increased by the addition of
a seventh troop, mounted and equipped as Li<{ht
Dra^oona, and forming part of the regiment on
the same principle as light companies to regiments
of infantry. The hight Troop consisted, in the first
instance, of three officers, one quartermaster, two
serjciants, three corporals, two drummers, and
sixty private men ; but it was soon afterwards 1756
augmented to eighty-nine private men.

After the decease of Major-General ilerl;ei*t, 1757
the Colomdcy of the regiment was conlerred on
Lord (teorge Sackville, from the .'^rd Iri.^h Horse,
now Otli Dragoon Guards, by cummisi-ion dated
tlie5th of April, 1757.

In the aulumn of 1758, the regiment left Scot- 1758
land, and was (juartered in Yorkshire, and Lin-
cohishire — tn'o troop^i Ix'ing placed in garri^oM at
Hull, and tin? light troop dctaciicd 1v> Northamp-
tcn. It wa> r«>moved ((► tlu; south of England in j 759
the following year; and, Lord Geergt; Sackville
having be«'n tleprived of his connnission, for dis-
obeying the ord<*rs of lu'rdinaiid, Duke (tf IJruns-
wick, at the i>attle of IMindeu, the Cohuielcy \\:i\fi
'•onfrrred <>ti she Honourable Jidin W'^aalegnive
(afterwards Karl \\'^al(legrave). \vl;';se coinuiission

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1759 as Colonel of this regiment, was dated the 10th of

Septemher, 1759.
760 Early in the spring of 1760, the regiment was
ordered to hold itself in readiness to proceed to
Germany; and having embarked in transports
on the river Thames, it sailed in the early r f

May, and arrived in the AVeser, below Brt ^n

the 17th of that montli. It was immeuiately
landed, and after traversing an immense extent of
country, arrived at the banks of tlie Eder, and
joined the camp of the Britisl;, Hanoverian, and
Hessian forces, commanded l;y Ferdinand, Duke of
Brunswick, at Fritzlar, in the electoral*' of Mentz,
on the 14th of June, and was united h\ brigade with
the 1st and 3rd Dragoon Guai'ds, commanded by
Brigadier-General AA\'bb.

After some manoiuvring, the regiment was
engaged in a skirmish with the enemy at Corhach,
on the 10th of July. It subsequently took part in
several operations, and was encamped on the 27tli
of Julv at Kalle in Hesse Cassel : at the same time
thirty-tive thousand French troops commanded
by the Chevalier de Muy took j)ost beyond the
Dyniel, on some heights near ll'^arhuur^, where
the Allies resolved to attack him. Accordingly,
about eleven o'clock on the nii>'ht of the 30th of
July, the SPcond Dragoon (niurds advanced with
the main army to Libenau, and, having crossed
the Dymel, were fonned u]) a])out live on the fol-
lowing morning on the heights of (vorbeke, from
whence the cavalry advanced to a wood near the
Baiony of Deseid)erg, and al)(>ut five miles from
IVivrhour^ ; while one division of the army, under
the hereihtary Prince of Brunswick, made a detour

as
to

I'tS

of
nd
,11(1
of
itz,
ith
by

vas

ch,

t in

Tth

ime

(led

the

lere

liof
vitli
ssed
fol-
rom
the
roiii
ti<ler
tour

|!i

'•t

■I I

> i

Second Dragoon Quarilii, 1V60.

(.To luue |«go SB

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

to turn tlie enemy's Jert flank. This manoeuvre 1760
succeeding, the Second Dragoon Guards, and
otlier re<.':inients beliindthe v/ood, advanced against
the enemy' . front, and having traversed hve miles
of rugged i;."ound in a short space of lime, they
for"ied in prabence of tlie enemy, and charged
with that spirit and resolution which has always
distinguished the British ciivalry. The French
squadrons were driven out of the field ; and the
victorious Drjigoon Guard,- continuing their brilli-
ant career, overthrew a corps of French infantry,
and chased them - u'oss the Dymel.* The
Second Dragoon Guardf' continued the pursuit to
the heights of \\'^ilda, where they halted, and occu-
pied this ground, \\ ith several other corps under
the INIarquis of Granby, as an outpost for two
days.f

The loss of the regiment in this action was
three non-connnissioned, and nine private men
hilled ; with Captain Arnot, Lieutenant JMattack,
Cornet Callcnder, one non-commissioned ofticer,
and ten men wounded ; the loss in horses was ten
killed, two wounded, ano eight missing.

The regiment having retired from the heights
of \\'^ilda, joined the main army encamped near
Warbourg on the 3i'd of August ; and it passed

* ' His serene hifrhness aL'aii icnows bis compliments of thanks
" to the generals, oflicors, re^inu'nts, and corps, who were eny:a<ied,
' and who, by their valonr and e.v • >llent conduct, jrained so complete
' a victory over the enemy: and orders his thanks to be publicly
' given to Lord Granby, under wliose orders cdl the British cavalry

* perjhrnied jn'odii^ies ofvaloui.'

General Orders by the Duke of Brunswick.
t The Manjuis of Granby, in iiis dispatch, observes ' I should

* do injustice to the (Tencralotlic'irs. a >d to every ojficvr and priinife

* man nf the cavalry, if I did not beg your Lordsliip would assure

* his Majesty, ihat nof/nnn' iniitd exceed their ixaltant hehavimir

* on that ocean ion. ''—London Gusette.

I ^2

, 1

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

H.^l^

A
,%

■■■:i

>i .;■■

1760 several months in position on the banks of the
Dymel, re aiuining in camp until December, when
a deep snow having fallen, it proceeded ^' ito village
cantonments in the Bishopric of Paderlnsi ii, where
the men and horses suffered much from a scarcity
of provision and forage.

1761 From these cantonments the regiment was sud-
denly called upon in February, 1761, to advance
into Hesse-Cassel : and marching through snow,
and over ice, the troops penetrated the enemy's
winter quarters ; — the French retreated in every
direction, and the Allies captured several extensive
magazines and fortified towns ; but returned to
their former position in March, and tl)e regiment
was again phiced in village cantonments, in a
country which was once fruitful, but was now
reduced to a desert by the ravages of hostile
arnrip ■ : and the tender feelings of the Jiritish
ofi'5<;ci'8 and soldiers, being awakened by the suf-
icii;i|4S of the inhabitants, a subscription was
made ibr their relief. *

The regiment was subsequently employed in
operations in different parts of M estphalia; and
on the 14th of July, it was encamped on the heights
of Wambeln, forming part of Lieutenant-General
Conway's corps. On the 1 5tli, the enemy attacked
the Marquis of Granby's corj»s at Kirch-Denkern ;
when the brigade of Dragoon Guards was removed
to the heights between Illingen and Hohenover.
The enemy aa us repulsed and driven back ; but
renewed the attack on the followini*; morninii:,
when he was again defeated ; but owing to the
nature of the groinxl, the cavalry could not act.

* The Muniuih uf Granby's Order Book.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS

The Second Dragoon Guards were afterwards 1761
employed in manoeuvring and skirmishing on the
rugged phiins and marshy grounds of \\'^estphalia
and Paderborn. Towards the end of August they
were engaged in driving the French outposts from
the vicinity of the Dymel. On the 5th of Novem-
ber they were employed in driving a French corps
from its position at CV luhagen. They after-
wards marched to Ei "• '■' m the electorate of
Hanover, where a sha '^h occurred. On

the 6th and 7th of No\ y Avere at Went-

zen. During the night oi il 7th they marched
with several other corps, through a heavy snow to
Foorwohle, and while erecting their tents, the
enemy advanced in force to attack them ; when
the British troopers mounted their horses, and
drove back the French with great gallantry. The
Second Dragoon Guards were encamped in the
snow at Foorivohle until the morning of the 9th,
when they had another skirmish with the enemy,
and afterwards marched to the heights between
Mackensen and Lithorst. In the early part of
December they proceeded into quarters in East
Friesland.

After leaving their village quarters, about the i7(j2
middle of IMay, 1762, the Queen's Dragoon
Guards nuirched to the bishopric of Paderborn,
and joined the army encamped at 15rakel on the
18th of June. They were subse<|uently encamped
on the heights of Tissel ; at the same time the
French army commanded by Marshals d'Etrees
and Soubise encanq)ed near Grocbenntien ; and on
the morning of the 24th of June, the allied army
advanced in several columns to attack the enemy.
The Queen's Dragoon Guards, forming part of

.%.

^">.

o.>r«^'

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)

1.0 if >^ 1^

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1.6

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

33 WIST MAIN STRUT
WISSTIR.N Y MSIO

(716) t/s^soa

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1762 the centre column, left their camp at daybreak,
and having crossed the river Dymel at four o'clock,
they advanced a distance of nine miles through a
woody country, and succeeded in surprising the
enemy in their camp. The French instantly
retreated, leaving their tents standing, and the
Queen's Dragoon Guards and other cavalry, dash-
ing forward in pursuit, took many prisoners, par-
ticularly in the woods of Wilheimsthal, where
several regiments were compelled to surrender.

The Queen's Dragoon Guards puisued the
enemy along the road to Cassel as far as iloltzhau-
sen, where they halted and encamped that night.
They subsequently marched to HofF; and were
afterwards employed in a series of manoeuvres and
skirmishes, by which the French were driven from
a considerable portion of the territory they had
occupied, and the campaign was terminated by the
capture of Casael A cessation of hostilities took
place in November, and the regiment went into
quarters in the bishopric of Munster.

1763 The success of the British arms being followed
by a treaty of peace, the Queen's Dragoon Guards,
after receiving the thanks of Parliament for their
conduct during the war, left Germany in the
beginning of February, 17G3, and marched
through Holland to Williamstadt, where they
embarked for England,* and after their arrival
they were (quartered in Worcestershire. At the
same time the establishment was reduced to three
olhcers, one (juartermaster, two Serjeants, two cor-

* The slrcnpth of the regiment when it embarked for England
was fifteen oflicers, three hundred luul twenty-five men, and four
liun.lred and five luirHOH; witli thirty-onu utliccrg' Hcrvants, und
thirty-one women. — OJ/iciul lieturna.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

porals, one drummer, one hautboy, and twenty- 1763
eight private men per troop ; and on the 26th of
March an order was issued for the Light Troop
being taken off the establishment, and disbanded.
Eight men per troop were, however, subsequently
equipped as Light Dragoons, and mounted on
small horses, for skirmishing and other light ser-
vices. But regiments of light dragoons having
been introduced during the seven years' war, from
this period the heavy cavalry regiments ceased to
perform the travelling escort duty for the Royal
Family.

In the following year (1764) His Majesty com- 1764
manded the officers and men of the Queen's
Dragoon Guards to wear epaulettes on the left
shoulder, instead of aiguillettes. At the same
time the heavy jacked leather boots were replaced
by others of a lighter description ; and the em-
broidered edging on the officers cotits was ordered
to be discontinued. Some new regulations were
also issued respecting the recruiting and remount-
ing of the regiment : the men were not to be
under five f 'et eight inches, nor above five feet
ten inches in height : and the horses were not
to be under fifteen hands, nor above fifteen hands
two inches. At the same time the regiment was
ordered to be remounted with hmg-failcd horses.*

The regiinent marched to the vicinity of Lon- 1765
don, in the spring of 1765, and on the 3rd of
June, it was reviewed by King George III., on
Wimbleton Common; together with the 1 0th
and 1 1 th regiments of Dragoons ; and His Majesty

* Tho rof^imont was originally mountod on lonK-tuiled horses;
but tlic fiishion of the short dock was introdurcd towards tho close
of the stivunteenth century.

Ifl ^>~'

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1765 was pleased to express his approbation of the
appearance and discipline of the three regi-
ments.

1766 In October, 1766, a detachment of the regiment
escorted the Queen of Denmark* to Harwich,
where Her Majesty embarked for the Continent.
At the same time other detachments were or-
dered to assist the officers of the revenue in
preventing the exportation of wheat and flour,
which were prohibited by an order of council, in
consequence of an unpropitious harvest. This
year the Drummers on the establishment of the
regiment were replaced by Trumpeters.

1767 During the following ye;; r the regulation price
of troop horses to be purchased for the Queen's
Dragoon Guards was advanced from twenty to
twenty-two guineas. About this period the regi-
ment was mounted on Bay Horses ; and as the
other regiments of heavy cavalry were mounted on
black horsea (except the Scots Greys) the Queen's
Dragoon Guards were commonly style* le
Queen's Bays, a title which the regiment returns
to the present period, although the distinction in
the colour of the horses is no longer so conspi-
cuous.

1768 After occupying various stations in the south
and west of England nearly five years, the regi-
ment, being ordered to proceed to Scotland,
marched in February, 17(»8, to Doncaster and
Pontefract, where it halted about a month, and
afterwards resumed its march ; but on its arrival
at Newcastle on Tync the several troops were

* Priiu'osH Caroline Mutildii, then rccontly married to Chrisliun
Vll . Kill}? of Domiitirk.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

ordered to halt and assist the civil authorities in 1768
suppressing the violent proceedings of several
bands of seamen, who had forcibly levied contri-
butions on the inhabitants, and had committed
several outrages in that neighbourhood. After
reducing the riotous seamen to obedience to the
laws, the regiment proceeded to Edinburgh ; but
in February, 1769, it was suddenly re-called from 17G1)
Scotland, in consequence of the outrageous con-
duct of the populace at Blackburn, Manchester,
and Warrington having rendered the presence of
a considerable military force indispensable for the
preservation of property. Tranquillity having 1770
been restored, the regiment marched to the south
of England; and in the summer of 1771, it was 177J
again reviewed by His Majesty on Wimbledon
Common.

In May, 1772, the regiment furnished the 1772
Guard at WhitehaP, during the review of the Life
and Horse Grenadier Guards. In April of the 1773
following year the several troops assembled at
Colchester, and on the 28th of that month com-
menced their march for York.

On the 15th of Julv, 1773, Field Marshal the
Marquis Townshend was appointed Colonel of
the Second Dragoon Guards, in succession to
Earl Waldegrave, who was removed to the 2n(l
Foot Guards.

The regiment marched to Scotland in May, 1771
1774; but returned to England in the following
year, and was quartered at Lichfield, Coventry, 177r>
and Warwick, from whence it proceeded in 1770, 1770
to Worcester : after various change's of (luarters
it was again reviewed by His Majesty on Wim-

1 !

11 #
^(1

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1777bledon Common in May, 1777, and was subse-
quently employed on coast duty in Sussex.

1778 In the spring of 1778, the American war having
assumed a serious aspect in consequence of the in-
tervention of France, the army was augmented,
and one hundred men and horses were added to
the Queen's Dragoon Guards. During the sum-
mer they were encamped on Salisbury Plain ;
and in the autumn a further addition of fifty men
and horses was made to the establishment.

1779 In April, 1779, the men equipped as Light
Dragoons were incorporated with the men of the
1st Dragoon Guards, and 4th and 10th Dragoons,
into a regiment, which was numbered the 19th
Light Dragoons. During the summer the
Queen's Bays were again encamped on Salisbury

1780 Plain. In the following year they were quar-
tered at Norwich, and other towns in the county

1781 of Norfolk. They passed the summer of 1781 at
York, Leeds, and Bradford ; and in the spring of

1782 1782 they proceeded to Scotland.

1783 Having passed twelve months in Scotland the
Queen's Bays returned to England, and were quar-
tered at Manchester; from whence they subse-
quently marched to Dorchester, and Weymouth ;
and the American war having been terminated by
the recognition of the independence of the United
States, a reduction of ninety men and horses was
made in the establishment.

1784 In 1784, in consequence of an application made
by the Colonel, the Marquis Townshend, His
Majesty gave permission for the facing of the re-
giment to be changed from Buff to Black.

178G The regunent was reviewed by His IMajesty on

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

Ashford Common, in May, 1786: and after re- ^^^^
peated changes of quarters in that and the two ^'^^^
succeeding years, it again proceeded to Scotland; ^789
where it remained until the spring of 1790, when ^700
it marched to Manchester; from whence it pit>- ^^^^
ceeded the following year, to Exeter, and Taun- 1^92
ton, and in 1792 to Dorchester.*

At length the regiment was called upon to ^^'^'^
exchange this routine of marches for the more
active and enterprising services of the field. A
republican faction had gained the ascendancy in
France ; and after promulgating doctrines calcu-
lated to inflame the passions of the people and to
destroy the good order and harmony of society, the
faction seized the rein!^> of Government, deluged
the country with the blood of its best and bravest
sons, and, to innumerable acts of cruelty and
oppression, added the decapitation of their sove-
reign. Tliis faction the King of Great Britain
refused to recognise as the government of France ;
and, uniting with the other powers of Europe,
His Majesty sent an army to Flanders under the
command of the Duke of York, to act in concert
with the forces of the confederate states.

These events occasioned an augmentation of
three troops to be made to the establishment of
the Queen's Bays in February, 1793; and shortly

* In November, 17B9, Cornet Le Marchant, from the 6th Dra-
fjoons, was appointed to a Lieutenancy in the Queen's Bays. He
was promoted to Captain of a Troop in 1791, and to Major
of the 16th Dragoons in 1794. In June, 1801, he was appointed
Lieutenant-Governor and Superintendant of the Royal Mihtary
College ; he was promoted to the rank of Major-General in 1811;
commanded a brigade of cavalry under Lord Wellington in the
Peninsula; and was killed while (barging tlic French infantry ut
the battle of iSulamanca, on the 22nd July, 1812-

K 2

■: ■

n? i'

lif

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1 793 aftervvurds two squadrons embarked at Black-
wall to join the British army in Flanders. This
detachment landed at Ostend in the month of
May ; from whence ic marched to the vicinity of
Tournay, and forming part of a corps of reserve
and observation, was encamped* between that city
and Lisle during the siege of Valenciennes ; and
after the surrender of that place to the Duke of
York, the Bays marched from the camp and
joined the army commanded by His Royal High-
ness about the middle of August.

The siege of Dunkirk having been resolved on,
the Bays marched in the direction of that place ;
and on the 23rd and 24th of August, the Duke
of York attacked the French out-posts and drove
them into the town ; when the siege was com-
menced with some prospect of success, and the
Bays formed part of the covering army. But the
arrival of the heavy artillery, and of the naval
force which was to co-operate with the army, was
so long delayed, that the republican government
of France, making use of coaches, waggons, and
every other description of vehicle which they could
procure, conveyed, with surprising rapidity, from
every part of France, such an immense body of
troops to the vicinity of Dunkirk, that after much
sharp lighting the covering army was defeated,
and His Royal Highness was obliged to raise the
siege. On this occasion the Bays, owing to the
nature of the ground, had to dismount and act as

* The foUowinp corps were at this camp : the 2nd and 3rd
Dragoon Guards, two regiments of Austrian Dragoons, one regi-
ment of Prussian Hussars, one of Prussian Dragoons, and several
battalions of Austrian and Pru!ssian infantry ; in all, about 15,000
men.

-I

L',!* I

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

infantry;* but they only sustained a loss of one 1793
man, who was shot in the body.

The French, having made such extraordinary
efforts to augment their army, endeavoured to
overwhelm the frontiers of the Netherlands by a
nmltitude of attacks, and the furious assaults made
upon the several posts occupied by the Allies,
occasioned the Bays to make several marches and
countermarches. But they had no opportunity of
distinguishing themselves in conflict until the 27th
of October, on which day the British troops ad-
vanced from their camp before Tournay to take
up the position formerly occupied between Bai-
sieux and Cysoing, and, as the columns moved
forward, the cavalry went sweeping over the un-
dulating grounds to drive in the French out-posts.
The right squadron of the Bays, consisting of fifty-
six officers and men commanded by Ca|)tain James
Hay, was in advance, and as it approached Saingain,
a French picquet of six officers and a hundred and
fifty men with fourteen hussars were seen emerg-
ing from the village and endeavouring to effect
their retreat towards Lisle; when the squat^' vi
(accompanied by Major Craufurd, aid-de-camp t j
the Duke of York) dashed forward, and having
gained the right flank of the enemy as they crossed
the plain in front of t!ie village of Lezennes,
charged them with signal gallantry, — broke their
ranks, and cut them down with a terrible carnage.

* * Part of the British heavy cavalry ; viz. The Queen's Bays,

* Prince of Wales's Dragoon Guards, Royal and Inniskiiiing Dra-

* goons, were with the covering army on this oacasion under the

* command of Sir William Erskine : and from the nature of the

* ground they were obliged to dismount and form in line as in-

* (anlry.— History of the Campaign «/1793.

I -i i

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1793 The French hussars galloped away before the
first onset : the picquet, broken and confused,
endeavoured to escape; but th6 Bays following
close, and smiting the fugitives to the ground in
uncontrollable power, while fresh squadrons
were seen coming up to join in the pursuit, the
surviving Frenchmen surrendered themselves
prisoners to the number of one hundred and
forty officers and men.*

The regiment lost in this brilliant affair only
three men killed, and four troop horses wounded.
Captain Hay's horse having been shot under him,
he mounted a grey horse belonging to the farrier
major, on which he continued during the re-
mainder of the action.

In November the army proceeded into quarters,
when the Second Dragoon Guards marched to
the cavalry barracks at Ghent.

1794 Several movements were made by the contend-
ing forces during the winter, and in February,
1794, the Queen's Bays advanced from Ghent to
the cavalry barracks at Tournay. About the
middle of April the allied army was concentrated

* • A picquet of six officers and 150 men, which had been
' posted at the village of Saingain.retreated across the plain toward
' Lezennes ; they had nearly reached the last-mentioned village,

* when a squadron of the Second Dragoon Guards, led by Major

* Craufurd, Aide-de-Camp to His R ryal Highness, advancing with
' rapidity, gained their right flank, and charged them with so much
' vigour and success, that not a single man escaped ; 104 prisoners

* were taken, and the rest killed upon the spot. — The other

* squadron of the Queen's Dragoon Guards, two squadrons of the
' Royals, and a division of Austrian Light Dragoons came up in

* the pursuit.' — Sir James Murray's Dispatch.

* On the 27th [of October an advance-guard of heavy cavalry

* and some Austrian Hussars fell in with a picquet of French
' Infantry retreating towards Lisle. They killed fifty-two on the
' spot, and cut up the rest in such a manner, that only about

* twenty escaped, being wounded.' — The Campaign of 1793.

Second Dragoon Guards, or Queen's Bays, 1794.

c
\

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

on the plains of Cateau, where the British troops 1794
were reviewed by the Emperor of Austria; and
on the 17th of that month a general attack
was made on the enemy's positions; on which
occasion the Bays being formed in brigade with
the Scots Greys and Inniskilling Dragoons, sup-
ported the attack on the Star redoubt near the
village of Vaux, when Major Hay had his horse
shot under him, which was the only loss sustained
by the regiment.

The siege of Landrecies was commenced on the
following day, and the Queen's Bays, forming part
of the covering army, were encamped near Cateau,
and iiiey were engaged in repulsing the attack of
the enemy on that post on the 26th of April.*

After the surrender of Landrecies, the Bays
marched with the army to the vicinity of Tournay,
and took part in the action of the 10th of May.
On this occasion the French attempted to turn
the right flank of the British army, but were
repulsed. They subsequently attacked the centre,

* Cornet Taylor of the regiment, now Lieuten ant-General Sir
Herbert Taylor, Principal Aide-de-Camp to the Queen, was on the
Staff as Secretary to the Adjutant-General, and afterwards as
Assistant-Secretary to the Duke of York. He joined the army in
1793; was present at the actions at St. Amand and Famars; the
sieges of Valenciennes and Dunkirk ; and in 1 794 he joined his
regiment in the field to take part in the actions at Cateau,
Tournay, and others of less importance during that campaign
and the retreat through Holland. He was also with the Duke of
York in Holland in 1 799. He was promoted Lieutenant in the
regiment in 1794; Captain in 1795, and Major in 1801 ; and was
promoted in the same year to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the
9th West India Regiment. He obtained the rank of Colonel
in 1810; Major-General in 1813; and Lieutenant-General in
1825. He has held, at different periods, the appointments of
Private Secretary to the Duke of York, Secretary to George IIL,
Military Secretary to the Commander-in-Chief, Adjutant-General
of the Forces, and Principal Aide-de-Camp to George IV., Wil-
liam IV., and Her present Majesty.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

P'
I

H t

1794 and while the conflict was going forward, the
Bays, with severa? other corps commanded by
Lieutenant-General Harcourt, were detached to
turn the enemy's right flank. This manoeuvre
succeeded. The British squadrons taking the
enemy in flank and rear, broke their columns and
chased them from the field with a terrible carnage
and confusion ; at the same time the Queen's
Bays drove a regiment of French cavalry out of
the field.

The loss of the regiment in this action was two
men killed and two ruissing; also three horses
killed, two wounded, and two missing.

In repulsing the general attack made by the
French army on the 22nd of May, with the view
of forcing the passage of the Scheldt and investing
Tournay, the Queen's Bays were not engaged ;
they were formed up in front of their camp ground,
and prepared for action ; but the enemy did not
attack that part of the position.*

Notwithstanding these repulses, the French, by
their compulsory system of recruiting, replaced
their losses with a facility which enabled them
constantly to bring forward fresh armies, and on
the 26th of June the Austrians were defeated on
the plains of Fleurus. The Duke of York finding
that, from the defeat an.' retrograde movements of
the Austrians, he should be unable to resist the
overpowering numbers of the enemy, rcitired from

* • May 22nd. — A column consisting of Ave or six tliousund

* men made its apj)earance towards our left, on which account the

* brigade of Guards, and British Heavy Cavalry remained ready
'for action on their campground «11 that day; but the French
' observing our advantageous situation, and dreading the thought

* of meeting the British Cavalry a second time on an open jtiaiii,

* thought proper not to make any approaches.'— /^?f>j/'n,vyoi/r/i«/.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

his position before Tournay ; and the remainder 1794
of the campaign consisted of skirmishes and a
series of retreats through Flanders and Holland.
The operations of Jio army ivert continued during
the winter ; the troops suffered much from priva-
tion and inclement weather, and amidst all their
difficulties they displayed great fortitude and
bravery.

The Queen's Bays, after sharing in all the hard- 1795
ships and privations of this long retreat and winter
campaign, arrived in the beginning of 1795 in
Lc\ver Saxony, where they went into quarters of
refreshment near the river Weser. They did not
take part in any farther miiiiary operations ; and
having passed the summer encamped in Germany,
in the autumn they returned to their former quar-
ters on the banks of the Weser, and in Novem-
ber embarked at Bremen for England. Having
landed at South Shields on the 29th of December,
they marched from thence to Ipswich, and joined
the depot at that place in February following.

The regiment passed the summer of 1796 in 17U6
barracks at Romford, from whence it proceeded
into quarters near Wimbledon, and having been
reviewed on Wimbledon Common by King George
HI., it afterwards returned *o its former station.

In the following year it left Romford, and was 1797
quartered at Salisbuiy and Southampton: and in
the spring of 1798, the muskeis and pair of large 1798
pisto' ucrotofore used, were rcphict'd by <'!irbin*"'
and a ,>'iii-lepi",ol of snuiJler calibre, f^ M'in<» tiie
summer of this year (179S) it Avas encu.MOod I'ear
Windsor; and alterwards marched to Croydon
barracks.

1^1

HISTORICAL UECORD OF

1799 The regiment was again reviewed by His
Majesty on Wimbledon Common in the spring of
1799 ; it subsequently encamped near Windsor,
on the same ground as during tho preceding
summer ; from whence it proceeded in the autumn
to quarters at Hertford, Ware, Hoddesden, and
Hatfield. At the same time the establishment was
augmented to ten troops ; and the regiment was
ordered to be remounted on Nag-tailed horses.

1800 In the early part of 1800 it marched to South-
ampton, Wallingborough, and Peterborough ; in

1801 August to Exeter; and in the spring of 1801 to
Bristol and Bath.

1802 After the conclusion of the peace of Amiens, the
establishment was reduced from ten to eight troops.
In August, 1802,* the regiment marched from
Bristol and Bath to Scotland, and on its arrival,
occupied Piershill barracks, near Edinburgh.

1803 From Scotland the regiment proceeded, in the
spring of 1803,f to Ireland, and on its arrival.

f i

* On the 3rd of February, 1802, Sir James Erskine, Bart.,
was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Queen's Bays. He
entered the army in 1788 as Ensign in the 26th Foot, and served
with his regiment in Canada. He served in 1793 and 1794 in
Flanders, and was at several sharp engagements. In 1796 he
was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the 15th Light Dragoons.
He served in Holland in 1799. In 1800 he was appointed Aide-
de-Camp to the King; and in 1802 Lieutenant-Colonel of the
Queen's Bays. In 1 808 he was promoted to the rank of Major-
General: <->nd in 1809 he commanded a brigade of cavalry under
Lord Wellington in Portugal ; and in 1813 he was promoted to the
rank of Lieutenant-Gencral. He died on the 3rd of March, 1825.

t On the 3rd of December. 1803, Lieutenant-Colonel Robert
Ballard Long was appointed to tlip Queen's Bays. He entered
the army in 1791 as Cornet in the Ist Dragoon Guards ; served in
Flanders and, Holland in 1793 and 1794; and, having been ap-
pointed Lieutenant-Colonel of Hompesche's Mounted Riflemen,
no Hcrvcd in Ireland during the rebellion in 1798. In IHOI he
was appointed to the command of the York Hussars; in 1803 to
the Lieutenant- Colonelcy of the Buys ; and in 1805 ho was re-
moved, flrst to the 16th, and afterwards to the Idth Light Dra-

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

occupied quarte at Dundalk, Navau, Lisburn, 1803
Drogheda, and Man of War. In July, five troops
proceeded to Dublin, in consequence of the riots
occasioned by R. Emmett, at the time Viscount
Kilwarden, Chief Justice of His Majesty's Court
of King's Bench, was murdered by the rebels.
This year, the efficiency of the regiment was
increased by the addition of three captains, who
released the field officers from the charge of
troops.*

Six troops of the regiment encamped on the 1804
Curragh of Kildare in July, 1804 ; at the same
time the two other troops were stationed at Long-
ford and Roscommon ; and on the 1st of Septem-
ber, the eight troops went into quarters at Phillips-
town, TuUamore, and Longford.

In August, 1805, the regiment was again 1805
encamped on the Curragh of Kildare : from whence
it proceeded to its former quarters in September ;
and in December marched to Dublin, and em-
barked for England. After landing at Liverpool
on the 25th of December, it was inspected by the
Duke of Gloucester, commanding the district;
and at the end of the month marched to Birming-
ham and Coventry.

goons. In 1 809 bo served under Sir John Moore in Spain, and
was at the battle of Corunna. He was Adjutant-General to the
Forces in the Walcberoii expedition, in the same year, and was
promoted to the .rank of Major-General in 1811. He served under
Lord Wellington in the Peninsula, and commanded a brigade at the
battle of Vittoria, in 1813. Ho died on the 2nd of March, 18'25.

* When the regiment was raised in 1G85, the Colonel and Lieu-
tenant-Colonel were also Captains of troops ; and the Lieutenant
who commanded the Colonel's troop was styled Captain-Lieutenant.
At first the Major had no troop ; but when a vacancy occurred,
the Captain appointed to the Majority retained his troop, and tiie
three Field OHicers continued to hold also the Captaincy of troops
until 1803, when that practice was abolished.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1806 In March, 1806, it proceeded to Dorchester and
Blandford ; at the same time the Avar with France
having recommenced in 1803, the establishment
was again augmented to ten troops. In August,
the regiment marched to Plymouth, and four
troops were embarked, dismounted, on board the
Malta, Captain, and Theseus, ships of war, for the
purpose of proceeding with the expedition ordered
to South America, under the command of Lieute-
nant-General Whitelock; but a French squadron
having been discovered at sea, the troops were dis-
embarked, and the ships of war sailed in quest of
the enemy's fleet.

The head -quarters of the regiment were after-
wards established at Salisbury, where a draft of
one hundred and twenty horses was received from
the 20th Light Dragoons, in consequence of that
regiment being ordered to proceed to South
America dismounted.

1807 In 1807 the regiment was stationed at Chiches-
ter and Arundel ; and in September of the same
year, Major-General Charles Gregan Craufurd
was appointed its Colonel, in succession to the
Marquis Townshend, deceased.

1808 From Chichester, the regiment proceeded in
July, 1808, to Hastings, Piershill, Bletchingtoii,
Rye, and East])ourne, where it remained until
December, when it marched to Canterbury. This
year the men's hair, which had been worn long,
powdered, and tied in u queue, was ordered to be
cut short.

1809 In 1809, a considerable armament was fitted
out, and a nunil>or of troojjs embarked for the
occupation of Flushing, and for the destruction of

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

the French ships of war, arsenals, and dock-yards, 1809
on the Scheldt. The troops were commanded by
the Earl of Chatham ; and the naval part of the
expedition was placed under the orders of Sir
Richard Strachan. Six troops of the Second
Dragoon Guards forming part of the expedition,
were embarked at Ramsgate on the 23rd of July.
On the 28th and 29th of the same month the fleet
sailed in two divisions, and on the 1st of August,
Flushing was invested by sea and land. After a
severe bombardment, the place surrendered, and
the garrison, consisting of nearly 6000 men, were
made prisoners of war.

In the mean time a numerous French army had
assembled near Antwerp ; the forts on the Scheldt
were well manned, and every preparation had
been made for opposing the passage of the British
navy and army, and also for removing the shipping
so high up the river as to be out of danger. The
design of forcing the Scheldt was therefore laid
aside, and the troops returned to England. The
occupation of Flushing was afterwards found so
detrimental to the health of the men, that the
forts of the port were destroyed and the island
evacuated. The six troops of the Queen's Bays
were disembarked at Ramsgate on the 4th of
September, and joined the remainder of the regi-
ment at Canterbury on the same day.

Great public excitement having arisen in the 1810
metropolis, in consequence of the House of Com-
mons having ordered one of its members (Sir
Francis Burdett) to be sent to the Tower, the
civil authorities were unable to restrain the
violence of the p(>|)ulace ; when re(|uisition was

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

■1

'li'

M ■

'l^

. f

1810 made for the aid of a military force; and on the
8th of April, 1 810, the Queen's Bays were direct-
ed to proceed to the immediate vicinity of London ;
the Government persisted in enforcing the man-
date of the House of Commons, and Sir Francis
Burdett was conveyed under a military escort to
the Tower: tranquillity was soon afterwards
restored, and the troops returned to their former
quarters at Canterbury on the 27th of the same
month.

1811 In May, 1811, the regiment again proceeded to
the environs of the metropolis ; and on the 10th of
June, it was reviewed on Wimbledon Common by
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, Regent
of the United Kingdom : together with the House-
hold troops, 3rd Dragoons, 10th Hussars, 12th
Light Dragoons, 15th Hussars, and 18th Hussars *.
with the militia and volunteers of London and its
vicinity, amounting to about 20,000 men. In
July, the regiment marched to the north of England.

Tliis year the cocked hats were ordered to be
replaced by brass helmets; and the coats having
cross-bar lace on the breast, skirts, and cuffs,
were directed to be replaced by short coatees,
with a stripe of lace down the breast, and round
the collar, skirts, and cuffs.

1812 In the two following years the Second Dragoon

1813 Guards were actively employed in Yorkshire,
Lancashire, and Leicestershire, in aiding the civil
authorities in the preservation of property against
the violence of the Luddites — a set of men who had
combined for the purpose of destroying machinery.
In December, 1813, eight troops of the regiment
marched to Deal and Rauisgate for the purpose of

! i

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

embarking for foreign service ; but in consequence 1813
of the great advantages gained by the allies over
the French in the Peninsula and on the Continent,
it was not thought necessary to embark the regi-
ment.

At length the sovereigns of Europe effected the 1814
expulsion of Napoleon Buonaparte from France,
and the restoration of the Bourbon family. On
the departure of Louis XVIII. from England, to
ascend the throne of France, His Majesty was
attended at Dover, where he embarked on the
20th of April, 1814, by two squadrons of the
Second Dragoon Guards.

In June, the regiment was stationed near
London, and on the 20th of that month, it was
reviewed, with other corps, in Hyde Park, by the
Prince Regent, accompanied by the Emperor of
Russia, King of Prussia, and several British and
Foreign Princes and Nobles. In the following
month it marched to Scotland : and on the 25th
of July, the establishment was reduced to eight
troops.

The return of Napoleon Buonaparte from 1815
Elba, with his resumption of the throne of France,
his defeat at Waterloo, and his subsequent exile
to the island of St. Helena, are important events
in the history of Europe. While the arms of
Britain were triumphant at Waterloo, this
regiment was stationed in Scotland ; but so
great had been the loss sustained in this action,
that to maintain in the field the number of troops
stipulated by treaty, several additional corps were
sent to the continent, and six troops of the Queen's
Buys were ordered for this service. At the same
time the establishment was increased to ten troops.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

1815 The six troops ordered for service abroad, com*
menced their march from Scotland on the 27th of
June, in three divisions ; — embarked at Dover and
Ramsgate about the end of the following month ;
and landed at Ostend in the beginning of August,
in order to re-inforce the army under Field
Marshal the Duke of Wellington.

Although the campaign had already concluded,
and the armies of the allies were in possession of
the capital of France, the regiment marched to
the vicinity of Paris, where it arrived on the 26th
of August ; and on the 2nd of September it was
reviewed (with six other regiments of British
cavalry)* by the Emperor of Russia; who ex-
pressed great admiration of the fine appearance,
and high state of discipline, of the several corps.
The regiment subsequently passed in review
before the Emperor of Russia, Emperor of
Austria, and King of Prussia, who were attended
by a number of distinguished Princes and Nobles
of the several states of Europe.

1816 After the conclusion of the definitive treaties,
the Queen's Dragoon Guards formed part of an
army of occupation which remained on the fron-
tiers of France. The regiment was quartered
near St. Omers ; and the whole of the cavalry
and horse artillery! were reviewed near that place
on the 12th, and again on the 15th of October,

* 1*/ Brigade. — Ist Life Guards; 2n(l Life Guards; Royal
Horse Guards ; and 1st Dragoon Guards.
Sth Bn'gadfi. — 2nd Dragoon Guards ; 3rd Dragoon Guards ;

and 3rd Draf^oons.
Horse Artillery. — One troop,
f \st Brigade.— 2xiii Dragoon Guards; 3rd Dragoons; and
Colonel Bull's troop of Royal Horse Artillery.
271 d Brigade.— \2i\x Light Dragoons, and 18th Light Dra-
goons.
3rrf Brigade,— 7ih Hussars, and 11th Light Dragoon«.

t I

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

1816, by the Duke of Wellington. On the 22nd 1816
of the same month His Grace saw the army of
occunation (artillery, cavalry, and infantry), on the
plains of St. Denain, and witnessed the troops go
through the formula of a general engagement.

This year the establishment of the regiment
was reduced from ten to eight troops.

In 1817 the Queen's Bays occupied quarters 1817
in the vicinity of Calais ; subsequently near Cam-
bray, where the legiment was reviewed by the
Duke of Wellington ; and on the 17th of October
retuiiied to its former cantonments near Calais.;
the Head Quarters of the regiment being estab-
lished at Guines.

On the 29th of June, 1818, the Second Dra- is 18
goon Guards were reviewed on the sands near
Calais, by His Royal Highness the Duke of Kent,
who was pleased to express his admiration of the
appearance and discipline of the corps. The regi-
ment afterwards marched to quarters near St.
Omers ; subsequently to the vicinity of Cambray,
near which place the several corps were reviewed
by the Duke of Wellington ; and on the 23rd of
October the Emperor of Russia and King of
Prussia reviewed the army of occupation near
Haspres.

On the 7th of November* the Queen's Dragoon 1818

* Brigade Order.

• Hardtnghen, 4th November, 1818.
• Major-General Lord Edward Somerset, in taking leave of the

* two regiments (2nd Dragoon Guards and 3rd Dragoons), which

* he has had the honour to comixiand for nearly three years, begs

* to congratulate them on the approbation expressed at their con^

* dur,; by the Lieutenant-General commanding the cavalry, as

* well as by the distinguished OHicers who have lately seen them

* in the field. The Major-General lias great pleasure in assuring

* them of thelsensc he entertains of their good conduct : he requests

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

il '.

Guards embarked at Calais, and landed at Dover on
the following day, from whence the troops marched
to quarters at Egham, Staines, and adjacent vil-
lages ; where an order was received for the reduc-
tion of the establishment to 439 non-commissioned
officers and privates, and 273 troop-horses. About
the end of November the regiment marched to
Bristol, and in the following month embarked for
Ireland.

1819 In 1819 the regiment was stationed in the
south-east and western districts of Ireland, and at
the usual half-yearly inspections obtained the ap-
probation of the district commanders.*

1820 After occupying various stations during the
summer of 1820, the regiment marched to
Dublin :f from whence it proceeded,, on the 23rd
of September, to Newbridge barracks.

* the Officers commanding the two regiments and troop of Horse

< Artillery, and the officers in general, will accept his thanks for

< the zeal and attention they have manifested in the discharge

< of their duties, and he offers them his best wishes for their future
*. welfare and prosperity.'

♦ Souib-Ea^t Pistrict Order.

• Caher, 5th May, 1819.
' Major-General Doyle is much pleased with the excellent ap-
^ pearance the Queen's Dragoon Guards made this day at their

* half-yearly inspection. The horses are not only of a superior
*• description ; but the mt^nner in which they have been trained^

< the condition they are in, the uniform seat of the soldier, and

< the riding in general, mark the attention which must have been

* paid by the Kiding-Master, Lieutenant Dyer, and every indivi-

* dual concerned. The manoeuvres in the field, the sword
« exercise, the marchingi and the several charges, were performed"
« with celerity and precision. The care of the sick, the state of

< the hospital and of the- barracks, the good behaviour of the men^

* since their arrival in the district, and the whole interior economy
t of the regiment, cannot be surpcKsed^ and rellect infinite credit
( on Lieutenant-Colonel Kearney, who appears to have been ably
t supported in his command.'

+ 'Garrison Orders.

' Dublin, 22nd September, 1820.
' Miyor-General Sir C. Grant cannot allow the 2nd Dragoon,

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

In March, 1821> Lieutenant-General Sir C. G. 1821
Craufurd, G.C.B., died; and on the 2nd of April
the Colonelcy of the Second Dragoon Guards
was conferred on General William Loftus.

In April the regiment marched to Dublin, and
on the 23rd of that month it was reviewed, with
the whole of the troops in garrison,* by the Lord-
Lieutenant (Earl Talbot). On the 29th of May
the regiment embarked for England ; and, after
disembarking at Holyhead and Liverpool on the
1st, 2nd, and 3rd of June, marched to Sheffield,
Burnley, Halifax and Huddersfield. In August
the establishment was reduced to six troops ; and
the total number of non-commissioned officers and
privates to 335, and the troop-horses to 253. In
the same month the regiment proceeded to New-
castle-upon-Tyne and Carlisle ; and in May of the 1822
following year to York and Leeds.

In 1823 and 1824 the regiment was quartered 1823
at Birmingham, Coventry, Nottingham, and 1824
places adjacent. In the following year it marched
to the vicinity of Hounslow ; and formed part of 1825
a division of cavalry which was reviewed on
Hounslow Heath, on the 28th of June, by His
Royal Highness the Duke of York, who was ac-

* Guards to return to Newbridge barracks without expressing to

* Colonel Kearney, to the Officers, and to the naen, his entire ap-

* probation of this excellent corps. The appearance of the regi-
*ment in the' field, the pointed attention of all classes to their

* respective duties, and the conse<iuent precision of movement,
'have merited, and obtained, his applause.

' The manner in which the regiment is mounted reflects very
' great credit on Colonel Keafney, and strongly evinces the atten-

* tion which he has paid to this most highly essential part of the

* duty of a Commanding Officer.'

* 2nd Dragoon Guards. 3rd Light Dragoons, and 12th Lanecrs;
with the Royal Artillery, and 23rd, 33rd, 43rd, and 78th regiments.

HISTORICAL RECORD OF

I! - 1

1825 companied by the Dukes of Cambridge and Sussex,
and attended by a number of noblemen and
general officers. The troops reviewed consisted
of the two regiments of Life Guards, Royal Horse
Guards, 1 st and 2nd Dragoon Guards, 2nd Dra-
goons (Scots Greys), 7th Hussars, and 12tliLancerSi
with a brigade of Royal Horse Artillery. The con-
dition of the several corps, their martial appear-
ance, the precision with which the several move-
ments were executed, their uniform order and
steadiness, combined with velocity in the several
attacks, evinced a high state of discipline, and
exhibited a splendid militai'y spectacle, which
excited universal admiration, and received the un-^
qualified approbation of the Commander-in-Chief.

1826 In 1826 the regiment was stationed at Man-f

1827 Chester. In April of the following year it pro-^
ceeded to Ireland, and 'vas stationed at Dublin.

1828 The two succeeding yey.rs it occupied quarters at

1829 Caber, Limerick, and Cionmel : and in April,

1830 1830, embarked for England. After its arrival
it was stationed at Manchester ; from whence it
was removed in 1831 to Leeds and York.

18'^t On the 20th of July, 1831, the Colonelcy of
the regiment was conferred on Lieut.-General Sir
James Hay, K.C.H., in succession to General
Loftus, deceased.

1832 In April, 1832, the regiment proceed. 1 U^ c>Li;t-

1833 land. In the following year it returned to Eng-
ipnd, and was quartered at Nottingham and the
ad]:c it towns ; and on the 10th September it was
ins[>ect.»Mi > i i Bulwell Forest by His Royal High"
ht'ss the Duke of Sussex, Avho was pleased to ex-

JSecond nrngoon OiiMdi, or Quecn'-i Uhvh, 1837. f".. f-.u. imgf m.

THE SECOND DRAGOON GUARDS.

press his approbation of the soldierlike appearance 1833
of the corps, and of the celerity and precision of its
field movements.

In 1834 it was removed to Ipswich ; and in 1834
May, 183J, it embarked for Ireland, where it has 1835
since continued to serve.

On the 20th of February, 1837, the Colonelcy 1837
having become vacant by the decease of Sir James
Hay, was conferred on Lieut. -General Sir Thomas
Gage Montresor, K.C.H.

The present year brings this memoir of the
Second, or Queen's Dragoon Guards to a
conclusion. Tliis regimf:nt, when first embodied,
formed part of that respectable and efficient force.
The English Horse, which was celebrated
for valour in the field, and for good conduct in
quarters. It has served as Third Horse and
Second Dragoon Guards, through an extended
and eventful period of history, in which the army
has rendered the most important services to the
kingdom ; and ^vhen this regiment has had oppor-
tunities of confronting a foreign enemy in the
field, it has evinced an ardent and gjdlant bearing,
characteristic of the native valour of Britons ; and
it has preserved, by its conduct on all occasions,
an unblemished reputation through the vicissitudes
of one hundred and fifty years.

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS

OF THB

SECOND, OR QUEEN'S DRAGOON GUARDS.

Henry Earl op Peterborough, K.G.

Appointed 20th June, 1685.

The Earl of Peterborough was a zealous supporter
of tlie royal cause during the civil war in the reign of
King Charles I. Being firmly attached to his sovereign,
and to monarchial government, he displayed his ab«
horrence to the proceedings of the disaffected, by joining
the noblemen who rallied round the standard of their
king, and in the subsequent struggles he became con-
spicuous for constancy, valour, and devotion to his sove-
reign. He raised a regiment of Foot at his own expense ;
distinguished himself in several actions with the forces of
the Parliament, particularly at the battle of Newbury,
where he was severely wounded ; and he was repeatedly
imprisoned for his loyal attempts.

In 1648 his Lordship engaged with the Earl of Hol-
land and others, in an attempt to rescue the king from
his imprisonment; and on their defeat the Earl of Hol-
land was taken and beheaded. Tlie Earl of Peterborough
and his brother John (who was subsequently created
Viscount Avelon) escaped ; but they were voted traitors
to tlie Commonweahh, and their estates sequestered.

On the marriage of King Charles II. the Earl of
Peterborough was appointed Governor of Tangier in
Africa (part, of the Queen's dowry), and Colonel of a
veginieniof Foot, and Captain of a troop of Horse, raised

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

to garrison that fortress.* After his return to England,
in 1663, he was employed on a mission to the Court of
Modena; and on the accession of King James II. in
1685, his Lordship was elected a Knight of the most
noble Order of the Garter. On the breaking out of the
rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth, he obtained the
Colonelcy of the Third Horse, f from which he was
removed on the 31st of December, 1688, by the Prince
of Orange. In the following year he was impeached of
high treason for being reconciled to the church of Rome ;
but the impeachment was afterwards dropped. He died
on the 19th of June, 1697, having witnessed three great
national events ; namely, the decapitation of King Charles I.
and the formation of the Commonwealth ; the restoration

* These corps were raised in 1661. The regiment of Foot is
how the Second, or Queen's Royal. The Horse raised for the
defence of Tangier were, in 1680, augmented to four troops, and
in 1683 they were constituted Royal Dragoons, and are now desig-
nated the First, or Royal Regimtnt of Dragoons.

+ The following copy of a warrant, appointing George Carpenter

(afterwards General Lord Carpenter) Quarter Master of the Third

Horse, shows the various offices held by the Earl of Peterborough:

' Hknrv Earl of Pkterborough, Peer of England, Lord

' Mordaunt, Lord Baron of Turvey, Groom of the Stole, and first

• Gentleman of the Bed Chamber to his Majesty, Lord High
' Steward to the Queen, Lord-Lieutenant of the county of Nortli-

• ampton, one of the Lords of his Majesty's Most Honourable Privy
' Council, and Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter ;

' To George Carpenter, Gentleman.
• By virtue of a commission unto me given by the King's

• most excellent Majesty to be Colonel of a regiment of Horse, I

• do hereby appoint and constitute you to be Quarter Master of
' that troop in my regiment whereof the Lord Aylesbury is Captain.

• You are therefore to take upon you the care and charge of Quarter
' Master, and duly and carefully to doe and execute all things

• appertaining or incident to the place and duty of Quarter Master,

• and the officers and soldiers of the said troop are to acknowledge
you as Quarter Master to the same ; and you are to observe and
follow such orders and directions as you shall fiom time to time
receive from me or oilier your superior officer, according to the
discipline of warr, and in pursuance of the trust reposed in you.

' Given under my hand and seal this -'nd day of March,
1085G, in the second year of His Majesty's reign.

'Pktkrhorouoh.'

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

of monarchy; and the revoUition of 1688; and was suc-
ceeded in his titles, &c. by his nephew, who became
celebrated for his conduct in the war of the Spanish
succession.

The Honourable Edward Villiers.
Appointed S\st December, 1688.

Edward Villiers, eldest son of Viscount Grandison,
entered the army in 1671, and rose to the rank of Lieut.-
Colonel in King Charles II. 's own troop of Life Guards
(now the 1st regiment of Life Guards). He also held
the same appointment in the reign of James II.; and
during the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth, he com-
manded the brigade of Life Guards and Horse Grenadier
Guards which marched to the west of England, and dis-
tinguished themselves at the battle of Sedgmoor. In
December, 1688, he was on duty at Whitehall Palace,
when the king fled for France, and his laudable conduct
at the head of the guard was conducive to the sup-
pression of the disturbances which followed. On the
31st of that month the Prince of Orange appointed him
Colonel of the Third Horse. In the following year he
conmianded the cavalry in Ireland ; and serving, during
the remainder of the war in that country, in the capacity
of Brigadier-General, he acquired the reputaliu of a
spirited and efficient officer. He died in 1693.

Richard Leveson.
Appointed \Wi January, 1694.
On the breaking out of the rebellion of the Duke of
Monmouth, in Juno 1685, Richard Leveson, Esq., raised
a troop of Dragoons for the service of King James 11.,
which troop was, in the first instance, added to the Royal
Regiment of Dragoons ; but it was afterwards incor-
porated in the Queen's Regiment, now 3rd Light Dra-
goons. On the 1st of Jidy, 16S7, he was appointed to
the Lieutenant-Colonelcy, and in December of the fol-

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

lowing year to the Colonelcy of the same corps. He
served at the head of his regiment in Ireland in 1689,
1690, and 1691, and highly distinguished himself on
several occasions, particularly on detached services, by
which he acquired great celebrity ; and after the decease
of Brigadier-General Villiers, King William III. con-
ferred the Colonelcy of the Third Horse on this gallant
and meritorious officer. He afterwards served under the
king in Flanders, and died on the 3rd of March, 1699.

Daniel Harvey.
Appointed 25th March, 1699.

This Officer, after a service of several years in the
subordinate commissions, obtained the appointment of
Lieutenant-Colonel in the 2nd troop (now 2nd regiment)
of Life Guards, in which corps he served under King
William in Flanders and in 1699 he was appointed to
the Colonelcy of the Third Horse. In the war of the
Spanish succession he served under the Earl of Galway
in Portugal and Spain, where he acquired the character
of a brave and intelligent officer, and was promoted to
the rank of Lieutenant-General in 1707, and to that of
General in 170^ In 1711, when many distinguished
officers were removed from their commands by the new
ministry, General Harvey also quitted his regiment. He
died in September, 1732.

I I

John Bland.
Appointed l.st January, 1712.

John Bland served in the wars of Queen Anne, under
the celebrated John Duke of Marlborough, arxl on the
removal of General Harvey he obtained the Colonelcy of
the Third Horse ; and died three years afterwards.

SUCCIiSSlON OF COLOWELS.

Thomas Pitt.
Appointed ^th February, 1715.

Thomas Pitt* entered the army in 1703, and served
under the Duke of Marlborough in Flanders. He was
subsequently a member of Parliament ; and, in 1715 King
George appointed him to the Colonelcy of the Third
Horse. On the 3rd of June, 1719, he was created a Peer
of Ireland by the title of Baron of LoNDONDERRr. In
August, 1726, he was removed to the 3rd Foot ; and he
was advanced to the dignity of E\rl of Londonderry
in October of the same year. In 1727 he was appointed
Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief of his Ma-
jesty's Leeward Islands in America ; and he died at the
Island of St. Christopher on the 1 2th of September, 1729.

John Duke of Argyle, K.T. and K.G.

Appointed 2Gth August, 1726.

This Nobleman betook himself to a military life at an
early age, and in 1694 he was Colonel of a regiment of
Foot, in the service of the States General of Holland,
with which corps he served under King William in
Flanders. After the conclusion of the war he was elected
a Knight of the Thistle. On the commencement of hos-
tilities in the reign of Queen Anne, he was appointed
Colonel of a newly-raised regiment of P'oot, (afterwards
disbanded) and after the decease of his father in 1703,
he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the Scots Troop of
Life Guards, He served on the continent under the
great Duke of Marlborough, and distinguished himself
in 1706 at the battle of Ramilies, where he was wounded.
He also captiu'ed the fort of Plassendale, assisted at the
siege of Ostend, and distinguished himself at the siege of

* Thomas Pitt, fatliei- of the above, was governor of Fort St.
George in the East Indies in the reign of Queen Anne; and while
in that country he purchased a diamond for 20,400/. ; which lie
afterwards sold to Louis XV. lur 13.'), 000/. sterling.

N 2

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

r i

Menin; and in February, 1707, he obtained the Colo-
nelcy of the 3rd Foot. In the succeeding campaign his
Grace displayed great gallantry at the battle of Oudenard,
where he commanded twenty battalions of Infantry : he
also assisted at the siege of Lisle, and afterwards at the
siege of Ghent. He was employed in the siege of Tour-
nay, in 1709, in which service he was wounded ; and in
the attack made upon the enemy's fortified encampment
near Malplaquet he displayed great valour and contempt
of danger. In 1710 he was elected a Knight of the
Garter; and he was subsequently appointed to the com-
mand of the British troops in Spain ; but shortly after he
had joined the army in Catalonia, in 1711, he was taken
seriously ill and obliged to quit the field.

On his return to England he was appointed Governor
of Edinburgh Castle, and Commander-in-Chief in Scot-
land ; afterwards joining with the opposition to the mi-
nistry, he was removed from his commands. But on
the accession of King George I. he was again appointed
Commander-in-Chief in Scotland, also Governor of Mi-
norca; and in 1715 he was appointed to the Colonelcy
of the Royal Horse Guards. During the winter of 1715-
16, he displayed great military talents in suppressing
the rebellion of the Earl of Mar; but he afterwards
joined the opposition, ana was again dismissed from his
commands. He was, however, restored to his Majesty's
favour and confidence in 1719, and was created Duke of
Greenwich. He was also appointed Master- General of
the Ordnance in 1725; Colonel of the Queen's Horse
in 1726; Governor of Portsmouth in 1731; and was
removed to the Colonelcy of the Blues in 1733. In
1735 this distinguished nobleman was promoted to the
rank of Field Marshal. He however joined the oppo-
sition to Sir Robert Walpole, and in 1740 he was once
more dismissed from his appointments ; but on the change
of the ministry in 1742, he was again appointed Colonel
of the Blues ; he resigned that commission shortly after-
wards, and died in the autumn of 1743.

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

William Evans.

Appointed Qth August, 1733.

This Officer entered the army as Ensign on the 24th
of July, 1689, and served in the wars of King William
until the peace of Ryswick, in 1697. Shortly after the
accession of Queen Anne, he was commissioned to raise
a regiment of Foot, at the head of which he served with
distinction under the great Duke of Marlborough ; and
was advanced to the rank of Brigadier- General in 1707,
and to that of Majo:*- General on the 1st of January,
1710. After the peace of Utrecht his regiment of Foot
was disbanded, when he obtained the Colonelcy of the
4th Dragoons, from which he was removed in 1733 to
the Queen's Horse ; and died on the 29th of January,
1740.

John Duke of Montague, K.G., K.B.
Appointed 6th May, 1 740.

This Noblemam was an officer in the reign of Queen
Anne, and in May, 1715, King George I. appointed
him to the Colonelcy of the 1st troop of Life Guards,
which gave him the privilege of taking the court duty of
Gold Stick in Waiting ; but he resigned his commission
in 1721. He was re-appointed in 1737; but was re-
moved in the same year. In 1740 he was appointed to
the Colonelcy of the Queen's Horse, and constituted
Master-General of the Ordnance ; and on the breaking
out of the rebellion in 1745, he raised a regiment of
Carabiniers and a regiment of Foot, which were dis-
banded after the overthrow of the insurgents at Cul-
loden. He died in 1749.

SiK JOHW LlGONIKR, lv.I3.

Appointed 24th Jriy, 1749. '

John Ligomer obtained a commission in the army in
1703, and served in all the subsequent campaigns of the

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

rl:-

great Duke of Marlborough, where in numerous battles
and sieges he displayed those qualities which eventually
raised him to the highest military rank, and procured
him a celebrity seldom equalled. In 1720 he was ap-
pointed to the Colonelcy of the 8th Horse, (now 7th
Dragoon Guards) and he subsequently held an appoint-
ment on the Staff of Ireland. In 1742 he proceeded
with his regiment to the Netherlands ; he obtained the
rank of Lieutenant-General in the following year, and
served under the king at the battle of Dettingen, where
his distinguished gallantry attracted the attention of his
Majesty, who constituted him a Knight Banneret under
the Royal Standard.

This brave officer continued to serve on the continent
with distinction, and at the battle of Fontenoy in 1745,
he set a noble example of valour and magnanimity worthy
of imitation. He commanded the British troops at the
battle of Roucoux in 1746, where he displayed great
talent ; and he commanded the cavalry at the battle of
Val, in 1747, where, charging at the head of the Scots
Greys, his horse was killed under him, and he was taken
prisoner.

The Colonelcy of the Queen's Dragoon Guards was
conferred on Sir John Ligonier in 1749; and in 1753
he was removed to the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards.
In 1757 he was created a Peer of Ireland by the title of
Viscount Ligonier : he was appointed Commander-in-
Chief and Colonel of the 1st Foot Guards in the same
year; and in 1759 he was constituted Master-General of
the Ordnance. His Lordship was subsequently advanced
to the rank of Field Marshal, He was created a Peer
of Great Britain by the title of Baron Ligonier in 1763;
was advanced to the rank of Earl Ligonier in 1 766 ;
and after serving the crown faithfully a period of sixty-
seven years, he died, on the 28th of April, 1770, at the
advanced age of 91.

■ ^ :■'

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

\t:)

The Honourable William Herbert.

Apjjointed 27th January, 1753.

The Honourable William Herbert, fifth son of
Thomas eighth Earl of Pembroke, and father of Henry I.
Earl of Caernarvon, after serving in the subordinate com-
missions, was promoted by King George H. to the Colo-
nelcy of the Queen's Dragoon Guards, in 1753. He
died 31st of March, 1757.

Lord George Sackville.

Appointed bth April, 1757.

Lord George Sackville, youngest son of his Grace
the Duke of Dorset, entered the army in 1737, and on
the 19th of July, 1740, he was appointed Lieutenant-
Colonel of the 28th Regiment of Foot. His distinguished
behaviour at the battle of Dettingen recommended him
to the notice of King George II. ; and a few days after-
wards his Lordship was appointed one of the king's
Aides-de-Camp. He continued to serve in the sub-
sequent campaigns ; again distinguished himself at the
head of his regiment at the battle of Fontenoy, and was
wounded. His Lordship was also actively employed
under the Duke of Cumberland, in 1746, in suppressing
the rebellion in Scotland ; and on the 9th of April in the
same year, he was advanced to the Colonelcy of the 20th
Regiment of Foot. He served under the Duke of Cum-
berland in the campaigns of 1747 and 1748 ; and on the
1st of November in the following year, he was removed
to the command of the 12th Dragoons. In January,
1750, the Colonelcy of the King's Carabiniers (now 6th
Dragoon Guards) was given to Lord George Sackville ;
and seven years afterwards he was removed to the
Queen's Dragoon Guards. In 1758 his Lordship was
second in command of the expedition which proved so
fatal to the French shipping and naval stores at St.
Maloes : about the end of the same year he was second

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS

V'-

in command of the army sent to Germany under the
Duke of Marlborough ; and after the death of his Grace,
Lord George Sackviile was appointed Commander-in-
Chief of the British troops in Germany, under Prince
Ferdinand of Brunswick, Generalissimo of the allied
army there, in the pay of Great Britain. In the follow-
ing year, in consequence of some misunderstanding with
his Serene Highness at the battle of Minden, his Lord-
ship obtained permission to return to England, and was
shortly afterwards deprived of his military appointments.
He died 26th April, 1785.

The Honourable John Waldegrave.

Appointed lOth September, 1759.

The Honourable John Waldegrave obtained a com-
mission in the First Foot Guards in 1737, and having
rose to the rank of Major in the Third Guards, he was,
in 1751, promoted to the Colonelcy of the 9th Regiment
of Foot. Having attained the rank of Major-General,
he commanded a division of British Infantry in the
campaign in Germany, in 1759; and at the battle of
Minden his extraordinary presence of mind at a critical
moment contributed materially to the gaining of the
victory. In September of the same year he obtained
the Colonelcy of the Queen's Dragoon Guards ; and
during the three subsequent campaigns, he gave signal
proofs of bravery and ability as a commander ; as well
as of generosity and a tender compassion for the suffer-
ings of the peasantry whose unfortunate country was the
seat of war, and also for the troops who frequently under-
went great privations in Germany. In 1763 he succeeded
to the title of Earl Waldegrave. In July, 1773, he
was removed to the Coldstream Guards, the command
of which corps he retained until his decease, on the 22nd
October, 1784.

■i:

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

George Marquis Townshend.

Appointed \bth July, 1773.

Lord Townshend entered the army at an early age,
and served iu Germany under the Duke of Cumberland ;
but owing to some misunderstanding on the subject of
promotion, he resigned his commission. He, however,
again entered the army in 1758; and having obtained
the restoration of his rank, he was appointed Colonel of
the 64th Foot in the following year, and went third in
command to North America. His Lordship served under
Major- General Wolfe, and commanded a brigade at the
battle of Montmorency (31 st July, 1759), where he con-
ducted himself with great prudence and magnanimity at
that critical juncture. He also commanded under Major-
General Wolfe at the celebrated battle on the heights of
Abraham (13th September, 1759), and after the fall of
that General, the command of the army devolved on
Brigadier-General Townshend, whose judicious conduct
ensured the victory ; and he gained possession of Quebec
a few days afterwards. In October, 1759, he was re-
moved to the command of the 28th Foot; and in 1761 he
served in Germany under the Marquis of Granby. About
this time Portugal was menaced by Spain ; and Major-
General Townshend was appointed second in command of
a body of British troops embarked for the protection of that
country, and designed also to infuse a spirit of order, dis-
cipline, and subordination amongst the Portuguese. In
1773 his Lordship was appointed Colonel of the Queen's
Dragoon Guards ; and he retained the command of
that corps until his decease, in September, 1807.

Sir Charles Gregan Craufurd, G.C.B.

Appointed \%th September, 1807.

This Officer entered the army in 1778 as a comet in
the 1st Dragoon Guards ; he obtained the command of

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

1 '■

! ■ 1

\t :

a troop in the Second Dragoon Guards in 1783 ; and
on the breaking out of the war in 1793, he was appointed
Aide-de-Camp to the Duke of York. He attended his
Koyal Highness during the campaign of that and the
following year, and was present at nearly every battle
and skirmish in wliich the British troops were engaged,
and at many engagements between the French and
Austrians. He was appointed Major of the regiment
on the 29th of January, 1794, and Lieutenant-Colonel
on the 1st of March following: also Deputy- Adjutant
General to the Duke of York's army on the 2nd of Feb-
ruary, 1794. In the following year he was sent to the
Austrian army on the Rhine, in order that he might
report to the British government the result of the several
actions which occurred ; and in the performance of this
service he was present at numerous engagements, and
was so severely wounded in August, 1796, as to be ren-
dered incapable of again engaging in the active services
of tlie field.

I'he Colonelcy of the Rutland Fencibles was conferred
upon this meritorious officer in August, 1799; also the
appointment of Lieutenant-Governor of Tynemouth. He
was promoted to the rank of Major-General in 1803 ;
and in 1807 he was appointed to the Colonelcy of the
Second Dragoon Guards ; which he retained until
his decease in 1821.

William Loftus.

Appointed 2nd April, 1821.

This Officer obtained the commission of Cornet in the
17tli Dragoons in 1770; he proceeded with his regiment
10 North America in 1775 ; and at the battle of Bunker's
Hill he volunteered during the action to reinforce the
troops enjjijged, with a part of the Dragoons dismounted.
After the evacuation of Boston he was employed as as-
sistant-engineer in erecting a fort and other works in
Nova Scotia. Ho was afterwards employed on Long

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

Island ; and was engaged with a squadron of his regi-
ment at the battle of Bedford, on which occasion the offi-
cers and men received the thanks of Sir Henry Clinton
and Sir William Erskine. Lieutenant Loftus was in
the action with Major-General Woodle's corps of Ame-
rican cavalry, at the reduction of New York Islands;
and at the battle of White Plains, where he was wounded.
He was also in the attack and capture of Fort Washington
on York Island, • nd served with Lord Percy's brigade
in the lines of Knightsbridge, 1 8th January, 1777, and
was again wounded. Lieutenant Loftus was removed to
the 3rd Foot Guards in May, 1777. He was in the ex-
pedition up Hudson's River, and was actively employed
with the army in the Jerseys in the campaign of ihe
same year. In 1797 he was employed on the staff in
Ireland; and in 1798 commanded a brigade at the
battle of Vinegar Hill. In 1800 he was removed to the
Staff in England; and on the I4th of August, 1802,
obtained the Colonelcy fi the 24th Light Dragoons. In
1821 he obtained the Colonelcy of the Second Dragoon
Guards ; and died ten years afterwards.

Sir James Hay, K.C.H.

Appointed 20th July, 1831.

James Hay obtained a cornctcy in the Second Dragoon
Guards on the 22nd of February, 1780 ; he was appointed
Lieutenant in 1785 ; and Captain on the 5th of April,
1791 ; and proceeding with the regiment to Flanders in
1793, he served with the army under the Duke of Vork,
and highly distinguished himself in the skirmish near
Lezennes, where his horse was shot under him. He was
promoted to the Majority of the regiment in March, 1791,
and commanding the two squadrons on foreign service,
he was at the several actions in that campaign ; had
another horse killed under him in the affair near the
village of Vaux, and was in the retreat through Holland
to Germany. In September, 1795, he was promoted to

100

SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.

the Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the 29th (afterwards 25th)
Light Dragoons ; and proceeding with his regiment to the
West Indies, he served in the Islands of Barbadoes and St.
Domingo, where his health was soon so much impaired
that he obtained permission to return to England ;
and when on his passage the ship was captured by a
French privateer, and he was conveyed a prisoner to Phi-
ladelphia, but he soon afterwards obtained the necessary
passport, and sailed for Great Britain. A short time after
his arrival he was removed to the Lieutenant-Colonelcy
of the First Dragoon Guards, and in June, 1798, to the
Lieutenant-Colonelcy of the Second Dragoon Guards.
In the following year he was appointed to the command
of the Cavalry depot; and in September, 1803, he was
promoted to the rank of Colonel in the army. When
Bonaparte made preparations for a descent upon Eng-
land, Colonel Hay was appointed Brigadier-General on
the Staff', and to the command of a brigade of Yeomanry
Cavalry in the southern district. He was promoted to
the rank of Major-General in July, 1810; and he held
the appointment of Adjutant-General to the army in
Ireland, from September, 1812, until June, 1814, when
he was advanced to the rank of Lieutenant-General.
He was subsequently on the Irish Staff"; and in 1831 he
was appointed to the Colonelcy of the Second Dragoon
Guards ; which he retained until his decease, in 1837.

Sir Thomas Gage Montresor, K.C.H.
Appointed 20th February, 1837.

lA)ndoD: Pciuted by William Clowki aud Soni>, Slamrurd Strtiet