..^, s^. rMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I li.25 l^|2.8 Ui Hi 2.5 2.2 lAO 2.0 18 LA. illlli.6 FiiotDgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. H580 (716) 87'i-4503 1^0 V "q V \\ 'sl whio t'tlurts to iMjn disciple of Ma I'.u tories wv\m hook was pub inrormatioii t>i mor«! light co ;>r(i(luotion of siiui' sovoral Napoloon (he tical use to bt new product ii tlie continout Europe. Evt establishment lavished its in of Germany o lishments iu taken fright a for it is state if he would o that beet sivj this offered b rejected by th would seem t later, Sir Hun lit BEIOT SUCIAE. ITS ECONOMICAL PRODUCTION IN THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. '>v A rui^r /-y F. A. liARA'ARJi, A*v • Uindor oj Agriculture, DepurtmetU vj A^r^cuilaif, <^M*^t* j s'V ft fAUT r. -BEET SUGAR. I- • !;-^ B»H't suuar may be ralK'd one t>r tho prodm tioiis of this couiitry ; air : ■ it is not one of the loasL I'niitful inventions of tliis wonderfully inventiy,,- anv. In 1747, Mar^-rali; a di^tinu-uinhed Gcnnan chemist, made known ^j-, the world, for the lirisL time, that several root idants contained sugi!,; ; ;llllon^•sl whicli is the beet. However, it was only in 1790 that the firi.,; etlurts'to nianufaitnre bei^t su^•ar were made by Ch. Franyois Achard,.^- .lis.iplc of Maro-rafF. These elibrts proved succcssiul, and several man'.:|' faitoiies w*'iv started in Germanv, at the bei-inniiii;- of this centnry. y- book was published on this subject by Achard, in 1.S12, iriving such luc|,: iiilormation on the whole (juestion that ii took nearly half a centnry befo'ij, v luoiv lio-ht n.iild be brou-ht on it. Achard's writing's on the eco.ijmK^;: producfTon of beet suuar in liiurope must have been very ett'ective "idet, j. siiiee several ((mtinental govi'mments at once took up the subje--f'j Xapoleon the First, who, by his peculiar genius, foresaw idearly the pf ?• tical use to be derived from this source, i-ave the greatest impetus to ty^ , lich received an additional assistance from the fact.' new production, whic tlie CO ^lurop .ntinental l)lockade, a'-ainst England, of most continental ports -j i!-urope. Even Russia paid as much as 50,000 roubles to assist m tj| establishment of the hrst beet sugar factory in that country. Frari'< lavished its millions of francs for the same purpose, and the dillerentStaj*' ; of Germany offered and gave all the assistance they could to similar estuf; lishments in their respective provinces. Even England seems to \ii^ taken fright at the continental efforts to ruin its colonial trade in sugar^, for it isolated on good authority that Achard was offered $30,000 at fivj^' if he would only state, in print, that he had been mistaken in his asserti,^ that beet sugar could be economically produced. And as early as 18a ' this offered bribe w^as increased to $100,000, but it was again scornfi^' rejected by the proud but honest German, in the interest of humanity. ,P . would seem tnat iiiUgianu s &puc eouiu hul di- niuiiin, a^.-! ui.iv v,!..,s. t.^. ^ later, Sir Humphrey JJavy was induced to state in his " Treatise on A;/',' j cultural Chemistry," that boot sugnr was enlbvhi loo hitter to be of any usl ,t Tho discussion must have been hilttr indeed — but not so the sujiar, \vhit| f when refined, is identical to the very best cane suuar; so much so tliat tl i ablest chemist or commercial buyer in the world could not, in the preseiw I of samples oi" each kind, say which is which, were it to save his lite. 1 Napoleon I has been justly called the father of this industry, lavished l)oth honors and fortune on those who were the most suirt'ssfij in its establishment, — ))ut his downfall nearly ruined this oli'spirng- of hil The alliance of continental powers with England asainst France, brougj bach the predominance of Enuland's commercial interests on the coiitiiieij — and the very elastic i>rinciples of free trade nearly crushed this industr entirely out out of existence. Althou<>h Germany and Russia had aireadj lavished millions of francs in the manufacture of beet sugar, they allowej the imported cane sugar to compete fully with the beet sugar, which, boiiiT yet unable to support this competition, was completely ruined in all (.oun tries but France. Even in France, for many years, the theories of free traders had tlu'i able and nearly all-powerful defenders; so that beet sugar could barolj keep up a foothold. So was it in France up to 1820, when the whof production of beet sugar did not exceed 4,000 tons annually, althounj millions over millions had been lost in the attempt to establish thl industry without sufficient protection in its infancy. It would no donlj prove interesting to follow out this all but deadly combat between Ird trade and protection in France, on this question of beet sugar. \l However, I will only say that to me it looks as if a few very clevei if not always very honest men, managed to enrich themselves and thel friends, but not without impoverishing the mass of agricultural laborerj To perform this clever trick requires great ability, indeed, in handlinj bright, dazzling theories, which, like a mirage, can, of course, deceit people. But yet, those clever things could not bo repeated, — and arcoiif plished again — w^ere it not for that very nume^'ous class oi so-called statei men, who, in order to maintain their prestige, are always in search for m easier and least unpopular mode of ta ;ation, if not the most judicious aiJ most encouraging system for the fostering of home industries. Thus, i| France it was feared that the maritime commence of the country woulj suffer by the stoppage of importation of colonial sugar, the l;otal consumlf tion of which then only amounted to 35,000 tons. Protection was establishej notwitstanding the gloomy predictions of the free-traders ; let us see wnaj was the result : Instead of the 4,000 tons of beet root sugar manufactured in 1821 France now produces from 300,000 to 462,000 tons per annum. It, ho\^ ever, imports about 200,000 tons of sugar annually. Its consumption haj increased from 35,000 to 266,384 tons per annum (1876). All this sugar refined at a profit to commerce and industry, and France exports aboil 450,000 tons every year. The free-traders were therefore wholly mistakel 1 in their calculations. They wished, at any price, to retain their trade o S )()() tons of foreisrn Buirar, and to this «nd were quite willing to sacrihc t ;~ts of ho^^^ industry and .1' agriculture. The latter prevailed: aJ,d French commerce no^^ handles about 800,000 tons ol sugar annually both ill France and in foreign countries. To this great commercial movement, created by ^lie Jjew indu8tr| „,UHt be add^ the carriage and consumption ot about 2,000,000 tons o.^ l,\ which are annually used in the manufacture of sugar m France, an . S numerous other industries which support thousands of families who ', ill their turn, create new sources of wealth. It is established beyond a doubt that France would have been unabl to free itself so easily *rom the terrible consequences of the last war, aa ithov, distance of the immense agricultural wealth of the whole comir, due principally to the beet root sugaries m the north, and vme-growm (.- in the south. '|1 it will be interesting to recall, in a few words, the different phases^lj this protection to the beet-root-growing industry in France since 1»^;; j Ica^mot retrain from here giving the tbliowing extract on this q^^^^ irom Mathieu de Dombasle, France s greatest agriculturist of he age, an Ij of free-traders m Franco, of which the fronch econonu^t Say, was the M iftQ^if*"^"*''" f^*" ^"""^ ^''^ Muthien do Doinbasle's propiostications , 1829 have proved correct. In 183*;, seven years after the writiu7 X -_ited, the production of sugar ,n France. whi,000 tons; in^87r.^ 4bZ,^oy tons ; or an increase of nearly one hundred and twenty-five-ibld il forty-seven years, lor France alone. ^ ^ i^ w5^ *"*? ^^T ^^?u*^' *?'^*' ""P **' ^*^'^^' "« ^^e^ ^^^^^^ factories existel m Europe elsewhere than m France. The writings of M. de DombJ •nd others o the same school, create.1 a stiv in Belgium, and thon i Oermany, with the following results :~ Quantity of beet suirar i>i'oduceil in Kuroye {in tons). 1H76-7 Germany 280,000 France 225,000 Russia 250,000 Hungary 150,000 l^^lgiwni 55,000 Holland 30,000 1875-6 1874-5 1873-4 340,645 250,708 289,243 402,259 450,877 396,578 245,000 222,500 202,851 153,922 120,720 167,05^ 79,706 71,079 73,51 i j' ui^, ^ But what is more surprising still, and what does not seem to have ^f Kn.^^ J^^""-^ "^ *^^ ^^''}^'^ ^^' ^^^* ^P«'*^' '' ^^^^ the consumptioii [/sugar seems to nave increased in the same enormous ratio as the pro- ihnlT9iTu VT'^:''' ^^-^' *^" consumption was 35,000 tons oi ^iThL] i^lCr^^' '^''°r -^^'^^^ *^"^' ^' 1^* 1^^- P^r head. Ir riS ; " ' ^^^ consumption was 236,143 tons, or about 16 lbs. m C h 1 '^ ^''^' mcludmg . molasses, 900,000 tons, or about 62i IbeJ ' "ho following 'cable, giving the cou8umption of sugar in difrerent| countrios, may prove interesting : Tons. Topulation. Per head. Great Britain 900,000 31,629,800 62.68 (U,„nany 315,000 42,766,900 16.19 l^Vaiirc 276,000 36,377,600 6.51 Ij,isgia 250,000 82,136,700 6.70 ji^ytria 170,000 20,396,000 18.33 j^pain.... S0,005 10,835,00" 6.60 Belgium" ^0,000 4.827,800 22.65 HoHand 30,000 3,679,400 17.60 Tx^rkej 25,000 23,610,000 2.25 Sweden and Norway 20,000 6,870,300 7.06 Portugal 15,000 4,324,000 7.05 Denmark 15,000 1,785,000 18.26 Switzerland 11^000 2,659,600 9.00 Greece 3.000 1,1.7,100 4.59 Europe ••■•2,12' 3,243,200 17.00 United States 75 925,000 42.36 British Colonies 201 ^0-000 8.08 Total 3,079,000 30., 168,200 1V.05 Canada 82,461 4,365,000 89.05 The total production of beet sugar and of cane sugar, in 1874, was i'^ [iollows, for all sugar manufacturing countries : ^^ Total cane sugar manufactured, in 1874, 1,840,986 tons; do., do., ^ I boot sugar, 1,110,166 tons. Total, 2,951,152 tons. l' iC ■ It will no doubt, be observed that all countries producing sugar, eith^i^^ Ibv themselVes or their colonics, use a great deal more sugar than otiiei',, wept however, our own country, w^ich proudly stands as third on tl,,, whole 'list, although it produces none other than the maple sugar, whi* , does not e^iter into the above table of production and consumption, ail which, however, if counted, would very likely place us second on the liij. .. I if not the very first. j;ij .ill iJ 8 111 1 11. EFFECT OF THE UEKT-SU it has born implanted. This^ 'K\ Mild apply to Canada in th«» hiirhest deirrce if sugar bcetw were prodiu.d] I say in the highest degree, since the production of beet roots netessary lor| ^ his industry, by cleansing our land anly the factories Klt|J o: In 1850, in France, fears were entertained -it what was then (onsideml he W'onderful increase of beet culture for the in-odu«tion of sugar. It was i»elieved by many that this increased i>rodnction of beets would caiiN*' a •roportioiuite decrease in that of cereals. A. legislative (iiquiry was t oust- uentiy ordered, ai.d the folk ing facts dearly proved :— The district ot I 'alenciennes, in 1813, (one of the best cultivated in France) produced ahdut vventy bushels of wheat to th«' acre . in 1888 it produted thirty-two bushels. itefore beet culture was established, llie whole i>roduciion of wheat was 140,000 bushels; it rose (in 1888) to 1,192,000 bushels, an increase (.f ov.r .0 i)er cent. In 1822 the whole distrirt fed 400 oxen ; nine v^ears later (in .' Le use of flemish manure, which agriculturists from the north Inn ||i]ized for cent\*ries; in others where human feces is not collected, it i^ tUirely due to the production of beets. It has been repeated on all sid*^>. Pjd yet it cannot be too much said : the cultivation of beets is that whirh I* s contributed most to agrk'ultural i)rogress.'" , I mighL give page after page -^f similar statements, not only from Freii< h [Uhoiities, but also fi ar than all 1 could say. It is everywhere shown that the several crop^ t ye tripled on an aierage, wherever the soil has been cleaned by the beot j 'P, and mamured by the enormous quantity of cattle necessary' to utilize' '^remains of the hp.oi ai'it^r iho snurar hua >»onn nviva/.+o/l C^csrn if }i hn whole "'OS soil for futur ,;i,sh return p •'5lh Tl ,, !;reat nuui )'..rli)ry, for tl produce, aiid 1)" .ner*' dim 1 1 may 1 uu'ut of Agr the cuUivat: \vhich will .1 'luents of Before 1 r»:' th(^ refuse is called pul the original — rontaiuini sr.ga , and I'liter here h well to expl (jrood sugai < ont. of wal is i"ontaine<] u rat ing pv< varying fro is subjected is removed about tive how this r< contained i p mi sm u IS" Mr roloHphor.. Hran. who wn.l,'. a pai.iphl.t on the " 1^''<>^"' J«»,*^" . "^ r„,w. oftho manulMiun. of h-H-t 8U-ar.' thus q,,t. ls( That th.i cultiv.dion o'' heHs. lar IVoim iiupovorinhitm' tlu' «0I vastly ill. n^asPH ils h-rlilily, by th- pros the iarmcr to IbUow the be«t al^I|J. most rational system ol' rotation lor his larm. , .. •• 4ih That no' onl V does the sah^ of tlu beiU to the sui^ar factory cov^ J . ,t.lmb» .-o^it of the uroduction. and oi uie rn-u.nvivA ^"^ »"»- n - ,- i"'ri\u«re 'ro;t'i.ut M.at ...ucally i, l.ri,..|s ,o the lanuer a lar^ . „1. trUxm per acre than any other .Top he could raiM . 1 ■. -,fh Thai it .M.ablo' 'he farmer to obtain m summer mo »»».,.»...<. . ..reauir of hands, who hnd a profitable o-J^'f «'•;»' ^'j ,v the reluse fron, the l,eets after the 8U«ar has been «-tr»eted, Th' J'-j „ ;; -""'^- ".'Iter ".i;rS. ':^:i.::!^j:^:^^^^ oi'ti '^ZS:^P^^t!^ tiie Jibrons — -id.^ .... p.^^ ^M\ to explain hov>' ^\i^ l^"!*^^^^^ 10 u 16 per cent, of suffar. about 80 , Oood suoar beets contain horn lU to lo per « 1 1 . ^ . .rafn- l-roce » t^;^' ^^^J^'^fj "[,' ,,,„ ,aded to the mass, and the w.!,'. coutained lu the beet. 6' 10 Numerous practical tests have shown, in the most conclusive mannerj { that for feeding purposes the beet refuse, or pulp, is worth about one-thir(] I,' as much as the best hay. That is, three tons of refuse equal one ton o^ Ir excellent hay. A.MOUNT OF j The sugar beet crop in France produces on good land, with high cul-! ijture, an a^'crage of about 30 tons per acre. In Germany, the avoragoj )under similar circumstances is about 20 tons, but the beets are much richerl i i,,than in France, and more sugar is produced per acre than in Franco. luj iJG-ermany an acre of good beet roots gives an average of from 2,800 to 8,OO0J impounds of sugar. Considering the average of beet roots produced to boj 'fZO tons to the acre, the refuse in pulp would be equal to about two tons otj f he best cured hay per acre. ^ The farmer, after having sold his beet roots with profit, and afterl •!«iaving sowed hoed crops which will cause an extraordinary improvement do be felt in subseciuent crops, will have, as an additional source of protit, I he nutritious value of two tons of hay per acre — that is to say, much more Ifhan is produced by our good meadow^s. This should be sufficient to prove m the most convincing manner all the importance of the introduction of 'his industry, even from a purely agricultural point of view. From an i ndustrial andCommercial standpoint, a most necessary commodity would | Ve produced which we have now to purchase in foreign parts, at th.^ cost i'f about six millions of dollars, besides import charges, customs duties, &c.,| ^tc, which increase the price of imported sugar in I'anada to the enormoiw ^'gure of ten millions of dollars. (8ee official tables further on.) This i.s| the sum which would be retained in the country ; which would bo circu I ted in trade ; would support thousands of families, and would, in its turn,! ■ ro'^uce new and considerable wealth. Who knows if wo may not bo able ;» produce a surplus over and above the quantity required for our con- |imption, which, becoming an article of export, will be an additiounl I'urce ol riches ? f . ■ f. Besides, to produce this sugar in this country we would use 280,000 [f.jis of coal, which would give a great impulse to the development of our iljal mines in the Maritime Provinces, and give rise to considerable i'^nsportation. IV-. 11 /Lmount of Sugar, &c., roiisumed duriiu Kind. 1^75- ila migar, (.,nfectiou..ry , ir 459,035 ToUl U>;v>>t^lr>l8 1874-75. U.H. S'i.fS 17,733 IH, 199, 153 3 965,967 '520,449 4i,063,t?53 1 49,3t>6,9F.5 1873-74. 1872-73. His. H5,452,U)4 1871-7*. \\M. I 76,970,935 lG',4r,9;4H5 15,060,540 9,012,925 2,492,099 ■ 461,908 331,353 52,728,700 43,212,324 164,125,212 138,067,251 61,249,713 q 13,507,312 3 2,958,552 273,362 1 44,947,932 -.rj 122,936,871! II ls'„out Stru... and M,m,assks c.ou.uuK.d n, Canada during liie yc, . cndin- 80th .lane, 1876. [lixtracl IV.m, the official report.! .| KiiHl. Siirar ibove No. 13 (DutoJi sUii.iard). i' -9 to K!, inclaMVc,-.. . . I' above No 9 I Hfilndo higar cane, Syrtip, kr. i';iii.'u!ii Sii{;ttr ami Conf ctiouery MuIhho-h 'iot;il fur tiscul y^ai 1875-7.). • l\,rf:^l)ou.ling iirn.hor.s \\,r ti^uil y'lir 1H71-J 75 , 75,44 3,654 1 ',•,855,326 14,146,798 2.492,5ii9 2,112,829 '459,035 49.471.307 n, 163,981,518 3,640,323 768,277 414,510 82,629 69,200 69,026 935,828 $6,009,793 340,938 45 >• " / 181,862 25 •'. ;> 30,004 13 ( . ;v;-,508 26'..' ,' 21,846 8'2i ; 233,957 2(*^-*.' 1 1 ■ r.,..»ue during tin- pari! y^ 1 (9.366,955 1 1,614,563 j:-).9 18,665 91,128 $•.1,503,683 82 it lU. $2,4.50,769 98, 52,913 84'' CAN BKliT 8T10.VR V,K PRODTUIKD IN A AT A PROFIT? , I now com. to the impoHant <,u .tion : >• C^an boei su^ar be produ<.|^ m (nmada at a prolit ? J- This question it hi. bo.a my duly t.> study out. ^ l^j/jj;^^. '^;^^iii (lovenl^umt,^^Hii a ^P^'^^i^'^^tuLu h l' had re^d somewhat on t . 12 be best authority in Europo, and passed, at one time, a whole month at ' ;rembloux, in Belgium, coni'erring with the heads of the Belgian Government '': gricultural College there. I visited also the country surrounding, all of '^hichis interested in beet sugar production, which at that time created such \. furore, that the number ol' manvifactories was about doubled in Belgium luthin two years, from 1871 to 187^5. One factory t'xisted already at ;.;embloux, but two others were being constructed, with a manufacturini;^ .||,pacity each about three times as great as that already existing. I spent t>out eighteen months in Eiirope, and visited a considerable number of ^Itablishments, both in Belgium and Germany, the processes there followed ^ 'ing considered much better than those of France, which, at that time, as just issuing from a most calamitous war, which had completely ])ara- .zed all its industries, as w^ell as the manufactories of beet sugar. On my j,turn a report was published, in which 1 advised making experiments af> [\ the successful production oi sugar beets in this country, both as regards llj.antity and quality. K, ll \^ Respecting the manufacturing process in Canada, I have come to the ijiclusion that with the necessary capital, appliances, and experienced jiuagement, we can manufacture the sugar here i'or a very small, it' ,J; an insignificant increase over the cost of production in Europe, iliich is from 4c to 6c, according to <-ircumstances, for refined sugars ^^ this I am happy to state that my views are sui>ported by several ' |ro})ean gentlemen well cognizant with the subject, and who have visited ' us country most carefully. If, on th<' one hand, labor is njoie expensive h_"e than on the continent, and jx^rhttps coal also, (although this latter I'stion is not quite proved, since coal can be obtained in Que])ec at the ,^ of from ^4.00 to $4.50 per ton of 2,240 lbs.,) yet the hibor question is a J 'y small consideration if it be remeni])ered that about 100 hands will ; n out in 24 hours, with the best appliances, about 20, (.00 1})S. of sugar. ij' rth $1,600 at 8c.: (this sugar, at th(^ ])resent market prices, would bf |rth, wholesale, 11 or 12 cents, or ]>roduce $2,200 to $2,400.) I rnuM %je out many incidental questions vvhii h I cannot enter into her'*, but [jich will, I believe, bear me «iut in the above statement. VALUE PE I A factory of eight presses will produce, in 1 AO days, about ;lOOO.(i(>0 of sugar, or 20,000 lbs. per day. I I But I must say that we possess an advantage that no other country , sesses. Whilst in Europe factories cannot be worked profitably, as a 1 ', over 100 days, here, on account, of our sp«Mial climate, we c-an work '.beet wnth certainty over 200 days. Thus, if th*^ profit on the manu- uring of beet sugar in Europe be 85^ per cent., which hetii been the case il within the two last years previous to this, we could obtain the same ;entage, — even if our profit be 16^ per cent, on the beets manufactured, VQ can work with this same capital at least double the amount of beets. I' 'UT long winter seasons, that they can in their exceedingly short \Yinters. rlact, this year the great complaint in Europe is want of cold 'v^h ca» P™;^^ = ,^„'ts have Ixm'ii inad*- iVom v.-u- tn Ipr i hut, imibrtuiiately. irom want <>i" the proin-r experience, the hoots j,||iltivated pr«>vi()ns to thi.s year proved ralhtn- poor in suuar. This la^i we |'i:;iow was due to want of eare in the ouUivation of ihv beet, on the i>nrtof ];^.;t' farmers, and also, t<> a deuree, from inferior seed. Vi . ^^1 Last year the department imported what was ,i>uaranteed as exeelltMit \h{. It was distributed through tie members of Parliament, in most if^es, but, unfortunately, rather hit- in the season by most. This distri- Ifition was aecompanied with printed instructions, insistin<»- in the most r|esfsin of culture, of manurinfr. !' time of se.-diny-, of cropping-, cS:c., ike Several hundreds of answers ^'"resimt in, accompanied by about 800 samples of beets. Out of these, ,'i sam})les have been carefully analyzed by IMr. Octave Cuisset, a special 'mist atta( hed to the I)(>partment, wlio has had an c^xperiiMice of m.my n's in the {>i;a'tica[ inanidacturinu' of beet suu-ar, both in P.elgiuni and i^inice, and who actually manufuctunni some coarse unrelined sugar from l-iadiaii beet>, merelv to show lie understood the business. I l In order to jjiamlaiji the most convinciuci.- proof possible as to the value Une analysis made in our department, we sent over twelve s:im])les t>ach |jFrance and to Ivduium for analysis, to the best recommended special i' mists in those countries nrcntlemen who have now been consulttHl for ^ last three yc .irs by the Dejiartirient of Ao-rieultunv Thes(> samples sent |*]urope wej-e .si'lectcd out of similar lots i)roduoed on twelve dilfereiil l^ns in various i)arts of the Province ; they were all numbered carefully, ]:' many wrecks bidore the answers camt^ over from France and l)el, !•) Bely-ivtm and in. |bec, on the twelve identical lots above mentioned, hardly dilltv at all— iiore than could have Ixmui (apected from dillerent beets ft-rown in tht^ p held— j)rovini>- that our analvsis are entir trusted. 15 i3e,.ondly. That the .y»t»m of cu tivation followed h«e Jto f*'^ ^ been by 1.0 means perfect, and that, m oousequen.e, a »till higher a y of richuess ill the beot can be attained.* ihiK year either in France or in Uelgium, 1 ^vill now i^ive a few extracts from the above-mentioned officij reports from France and from Belgium. Extracts from the report made by M. de Tuydl, Chemist, of Brnssel,! ■ This lot of beets (of 187ti) is the third we received from Canada^ d we oai^st'^Ml^it they ^re much better th.m >«- 'I™ •;, ; 'Jl^all of ' I„ this last lol, the roots with ,..ie or two «' , "»^^ /j .,, ,atl. ,^. excellent type two oV^'S"Lrd'e,™ul o . iriocll condition whvf Tud deeper cuUnre will no doubt remedy this eMi. .. The degree of purity -l^resent,,^ the prop<,rt^^^^^ of foreign maUe| sugar contained in the j.uce, has attained an a\ira„ -« excellent.' . imn .^ The perfentage of sugar in the .i-i- i^^^^ ^^^etjts^^ v.ry good, in beets weighing two pounds '^"^^,'^l^^^-^i^^ Canadian soi^:^. conllSsively that the se.-d so^^^^ ^as good^^^a - U^^^^^ ^,r eminently fitted (^^^^^^^'^''^^^'^^ ^^ ^;, ^^t i^ be Voperly prepared, ^M on the condition, necessary eveT> ^i^^ . that it ^^ ,M ^ ^ l' ,; that the variety of seed sown be carelully selected. . . .^ (Signed,) JULIEN DE PUYDI^r i, ; ' "Brussels, 15th January, 1877." ]. , , will now .- tl. concludmg rem^^^ ry^a;*ai?lls,^r:ve^^^^^^^^ i. Theconclusiontol«dr^.f;;;^^ ■'oriL'^lnr" jiKcXlttte of things was the same. ^^ J I . The hope we expressed last year has been ^;f^^-^::^,^;^^^^^ ' in five hundred different localities 'r''->«' /f «\'^'*^VduS e.n^^^^ to 76, we have this year an a^ ! ...„„_ p^r .ei.t ..f the iuice. with a tiuotien. of P^r^y e^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ estimated as f o . • of r3^22 of su^arand a quotient of purity ^^^l^^.^^ "dei.artmenV last year"t^ represent a money' Sup^slnK the average of the b^-'-^'^^'^'/^^^^i^/^'^^o hVT."'. or an in.rease of over 20 per c . of $3 72 ptT ton, those analyzed this year would be won.. T-i ^ 1»5 Th avLM-age sacchariiio oi' Hit obtained in Franc lor to "('Signed.) Paris. 241 h Janunrv, 1877." DESIRl-: L. LHOTE. Chrmisi, '• The averaue obtained in Fran«e Ibv th'> ]>r('sent year is 10.30 por lOii >i ol'jnice." Jh '• In France the head of the IxM-t is llirown aside as rei'use, and does '•^>t fMiter into th(' nianniiiftory of suuar." •• In the Canadian beets, tlii.s refuse amounts to 8 per cent, of the whole i;|[eight, of tlie beet, but \v.' have Ibund that ev(>n these contain 10. 2-' \^o\• Kjnt. of suo-i,r in 100 parts of juicr."' k Ji If ^'' A These viMv iavoral)k^ report.s are eonfirnied by Mr. Champion, the l^'emist emph yed l)y the eminent manufacturing firm of Fives-Lill«\ to i)m we owe a debt of gratitude for the cordial and earnest help they )yc given us during many years. •' We have now an oi)portunity of stating that Mr. Octave Cuisset, a /Igian chemist attached to our Department of Agriculture, is deserving of |, ' greatest praise for the scientific and practical knowledge he has brought 1 bear on the study of everything that relates to the future of this industry Hhis country. Let us hope that the most complete success will be th' [■'vard of such i)erseverance and such devoted labour. ,,, This report thus shows that our Canadian beets are over 20 i>er cent L* tier than the French bt^'t, and that our refuse heads of beets are as rich, [•^•nearly so, as the better parts of the French beet. I In presence of these facts, it seems very evident that this question of ' production of beet sugar in Canada is of national imi>ortance, and that, bn an agricultural point of view, it is perhaps the weightiest problem ,uch we. as agriculturists, or patriots, can be called upon to work out to ivorable issue, l^et it be remembered that we can grow beets here as |ap as in Europe, that C^anada import annually about 16') millions of mds of sugar and molasses which cost, laid down here, over ten lions of dollars. Also consider that the manufacturing of this (|uantit\ ugar would necessitate the establishment of over fifty large sugaries, : ing work in one way or another to 15,000 men. bi'sides the farmers ; t it would enable the farmer to grow annually, with great proiit ti> iself, and with great advantage to the country around, 50,000 acres of ts, at 20 tons per acre ; that it would nvnduce annusilly 282.000 tons (>! ISC or beet pulp, which would cost nothing to the farmers and yet ,uld be worth as much to them as 71,000 tons of hay; that it would '■ enable us to keep four times more stock on our farms, quadruple our IT Karti vard manures, hosides enabling us to [)urchase an abundant annua Vj^ ^Jpply ..f artiHcial manures, xvhieh Avould all be paid by the beet crop an(^^ loiive a laro^e profit. ■ ■-♦ In pres^ence of tlu'se la ,lav lor u? all, and that it behooves all ot us ami every t-armer m thi,' Province, to studv out this question careiully lov hirasell. 11 what i ^lav., . lu>,e stated is correct, and I ran vouehsale lov the (orn-etness o each an •, everv one of the above statements —I say. if Avhat I have stated is correc • it becomes the duty of everv patriotic Canadian to work earnestly and wei ; ; in fact to leave no stone unturned until this object, of surh national magn , lude from an agrieultural point of view, be su.cessfully attained. r I may here say that our Local Legislature so well understands th^. importance of this matter, that as lar back as 1874 it passed a law offerin .; S2:loOO as a premium to th.> lirst succ»-ssful manufactory oi t>*'»'t sugar i > this rroviiice, and that in 1875 this premium was increased to |7,<»(J j annually for ten years, which is equal to the sum (^f $70,000. t However, I must say that lh»> manutacturing of beet-root sugar i> (". nery complex nature, that it recpiires the ablest chemists and practic^ ^Ir men of highly scientific attainments before it .specially for the lirst start, a very large capital indeed, whicli, 1 am alrai . will amount to $.350,000 in order to secure success. 1 his •'stiniate «uppos.;^. that the company would undertaki> to produce itseli two-thirds ot ^dl tt ,. , heet-roots required bv ihe lactory. This is the system usiuillv follow ed .; Germany, Austria and Russia. If the farmers undertake to produce exc v. lout beet-roots for the lactory, in suiUcient quantity lor all its wants tl . ivnuired capital in that case should not exceed $200,000 ior the hrst iacjo roducing no tons per diem, and probably $125,000 for all succeedii;; ones On the other hand, from all the information I c a u gather and,, ^ thmk I have gathered a good deal on the -^^'^ ' ""^ '"'^''fyj'^^'^^ ' will ever have given such a large return, ior thi' amount put into tJ.^.- • iiterprist', if only properly conducted. |' ;^ The capital above mentioned would not only suffice to produce mark.^ : able white sugar, but also would cover all the necessary outlay lor tf;, production of the beets needed by the lactory, leaving an ample margin.- lu.H't all unlbrseen contingencies. [|| IJefore concludino-, I deem it necessary to say one word on the subj.|i; nl reiineries. Many persons are of opinion that the diihcult position »., which our rehnerie.; have been plac^nl by the strictures « j^^;;^"" ^ ; th. drawback ffiven to American reliners. would prove equally disastroti | If not ridnou8,t^> the Caiuulian beet-sugar manufacture it the industry w« . established in the country. This is a great imsLaKe. '^ Y'^''^^;'^': uuport his sugar, on which he pays 25 per cent, duty a^; valo,em, and ,i., .. e cent per pound ftc