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1
2
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22 1
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\
MANUAL
inwiHO TBM
SYSTEM OF SURVEY
or
DOMINION LANDS,
WITH
INSTRUCTIONS TO SUBVEmss.
i'u^mea ^ '^t'x^.J^fn^a^u «. Mmer of
Interior for Canada.
the
OTTAWA :
Pai.T.D .T MAOL.AH, Roo«_4 Oo., W.Ltn,oTOH Stem,.
1883.
}
TA
551
m3
275^4
I
n
I
KOnOB TO DOHINION iAND SURVEYORS IN THB
Bin-LOTMENT OP THR DEPARTMENT
OF THB nn-KKlOR.
«rt.r of th. Mmmfr of tho Interior, prc,cril«d for tho offlci.'
ga.d„eoofSarv,yor.of tho Do.i.icn Land, of Ca„«i,, .„„
ttv .ro r^imrod in m.king any .„r™y of ,h,.o Land, to
gOTorn themaelvw by it in orery p«rtioular.
Ito pre»„t edition i. divide.1 into ,wo par,,. The fl„t Iroal.
Township, give, .nstraction, for , he .uWiviMonai survey of
tt.«o into the a«,tion,, quar.er.,octio„, and road .lIo,vanc., o(
irt.oh they are composed, .„d oontain, e.lraet, fron. the
Dominion Land, Act of olauw, relative to Survey, and Snr-
veyors.
The second part gives instractions directed specially to
surveyors of Standard Meridians and Parallels, and to those
^enifaged m the survey of Township outlines.
The appendices consist cf various forms to bo used by tho
surveyors and of tables to facilitate their necessary calculations.
LINDSAY BUSSELL,
Department of the Interior, Surveyor-General.
Ottawa, 1st June, 1883.
Mte^^By desire of the Board of Examiners for Dominion
W Surveyors, candidates for admission to the practice of
Kanual will be required at the examination.
TABLE OF CONTENTS,
i
FIEST PABT.
STflTlM or 8TTBTET AND IN8TBU0TI0NS TO SURVBTOBS.
Syitem of Suirey ^^^J
Instruotions to Surveyors.--Fieidwork7r/.V/.! *'*'.*. '^'.^^^^^ 9
Boandary cornera H
Marks on posts 14
«,,... ,^ The Field Book.... 18
BulMliviBion of Townships.— Instrument and method of
Survey 2I
Progress reports 24
-n, . , ^ , _ Beturne of Survey 26
Jfixtraotfl from the Dominion Lands Act 29
SECOND PABT.
Survey of the Standard Meridians and Parallels 35.
Instruments 41
Directions 42
Production of line 60
-, , , r« Beports and returns 63
Bnrvey of the Township outlines.— Instruments 6.<
Method of sub-dividing
blocks 64
Beports and returns 68
• ' .
APPENDICES.
Appendix A.— Accounts of Surveyors under daily pay. 61
* " —Allowances to Surveyors 62
B. — Contract surveys [ 53
« " —Form of contract and bond .'...V.*!.* 66
Gi=Sp6cimen timber report 71
** D.— Form of engagement 72
B.— Ordinance respecting masters and ser-
vants , YS
** ''•—Prices and weight of provisions.."!*,','.',* ^
Tl
TABLES.
Explanation of the Tables
^ » I* '19
Table I.-LogaritbiM of the lengths in Gunter'a
cW of certain ^gecSetto lines^m!
S^ ^? ^? ' «J«°^«^te of the
figure of the earth *,,|7" g.
Table II---l'«ti<J^de^ Ac., of ba.es and correction
Table ™~OhoM arimutlw, deflections, deflection
oflfaets, &c., for base lines.. ....._ 9Q
Table IV.-^oMarimnthB, deflections, defle6ti6i^
OMets, jogs, &c., for correction lines. 91
Table V.-La«tnd^ with logarithms of secant and
tangent for each section and width of
quarter sections .„..^7| ^^ ^^
Table VL-Por finding thePole Star.....* ^07
T.He ^-^-^|;^toj.dtt.ofro«l.n„,.„:::"
mie X._For oonvertiDj; the logwithm tangent
rfsauiU aroointo logarithm of seoSnds
•••• ••• ,,^ 2JO
Table XL-Showing the deflection of a trial line fop
demtaons from J to 143 lin£ a the end
of eighty-one chains jj .
Table Xn.-Addition and subtraction i^^i ^5
Table ^I.-Oon-ection for refraction, to be applied
to Uie sun^s Polto distance whenS
solar instrumental.. .. « ,,^
117
19
90
91
93
107
Til
DIAGRAMS.
Diagram No. 1.— Plan of Township j
" 2.— Illustrating the subdivision of'thi
<i « ^^o^Dtryinto blocks and townships «
3.— Comer boundaries ..^ i2
** 4. — ^Posts in mounds ^ ta
• »•- " ::.:::.::;:;: it
Specimen field notes 20
Timber plan ^,
FIRST PART.
I
te
o
/
^
i . ■ !
1 : 1
1 ' 1
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- (»-.
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• ■
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'
I
i 1
^^r
SYSTEM OF SUBVEY
AND
INSTRUCTIONS
TO
STJPLVEYORS
Township
contnins
thirtjr-six
Equare milog,
more or le-s,
ezcIuiiTe of
road allow-
ance.
ACTUAL SYSTEM OF SrjtlV£7.
nibJ il ^0P^.»"'0" I'i'^ds aro laid off in quadril-
ateial townships containing thirfv-eix seoHnni
of S.X hundred and forty acr£ or one BQuare S
ja each, Hubject to the deficiency or sSsf^^^^^
the convergence or divergence of merid ans a^
ancrn?r "^r*'""^'' ^«^«^b«^ wirroad a low'
north and Borr/o^n^^vl^XnrVer^^^^^ f-'^ ^'^^ "«
oast and wo8t. «'y "ueinaie section line running
etotV the foUoliSg^'i^LgAr ''''"''''''' •'"' ""■"•'o,^'' a-
31
W
19
32
29
20
33
28
21
34 35
27 I '26
22
23
26
24
18 17
7 1 8
T'fT'
16
9
4
15
10
3
14
11
2
13
12
1
E
S
Townships
neasare 483
chains on east
find west
Bides, and 486
on north and
Boath sides.
Fig. 1.
««ff I}a^ township, therefore, measures on the
east and west sides, from centre tn nenfva of the
ITdelu^T' ^^^^^"^ '^^ «^™^' four hundred
Zni^^^A^^^'^^ P''*''"^' «°^ on the north and
ging or diver^^nir mlL- ^^^^I'^^n^^ ^^ surplus from convert
6 i5 ur aiveiging meridians, as the case may be.
• sYSTKii or .smvEY.
i^QR tow*;^^ .f 7'VO !'"03 bounding townships on the oast
*^ *»ia west Hidos aro tr jo mtM'\i\inr.J „ i ^i
tho north »r^«othaidu» aro cho^s of^h^ nl .ll ?''A'"''° ""•
I.a8.,„„ thro..^/, ,/,. <v,rne.;„ft'h„''tt„,h,';:. ''"''' °^ '"•''''''■>
Lines bound* R tk^ i:«^^ i i.
ing setiona ^,f ' \^l ^'"o« bounding soctions on tho east and
north and souTr^id^o^rro lln^^^a.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
boundaries of tho township ^ ^''° "'''''*> ^'^^ «°"th
shirs i?r°" ^„^;J^° ^"^vn^^bips number in regular order
numbered. J^.^^^'Y/rom tho International jlcmndary o^
pal Meridian " *''''' ^''^^^ westward from tho Princi-
How toripariy. hr llTl
7. W .onevor a "jrore " occurs between two ad
joimng townships or ranges «arvcvod ncconlfnt
rac Srt^Tn'r'' '"" ^"on the'nn„,i;rrf "hf
.ated h. us rX;SlM- ^^TeT^X^f. ■£?
Tp. 19, A,
Prfnci^a? Zrwtl.Tnr"""'''^' '' ""^ '^ -est of the Second
Kango2l,A,
pS^arCwi,^"'"^" '""«"' '" »"" 2' ^°^' "f tl-o Second
jrsrnT^^s-'res^^ird-r^^^^^^
llrnco°„;''^nc5n^n ^".r?!' "" •^'"!' "P '^° -^'
the bonndary?,ls c"; ;:^tr;r^f TTe.*''« P."*'""- of
in all cases, one chain mifl
How to desipr
nate«"gore"
near tbe line
between two
diflerent sja-
tpmsof Bur*
vej.
Such road allowance is
'<t^ V.nka wide
80cha?na"n ^jfu^^'Y''--'""*"" '^'l? ^^^^ ^"^^ ^f the precise width
baseliaea. ^^^7 chains as aforesaid, or eighty-one chains
line." ftnH ,r*^'^?/^«^^"«^««ce,on certain linef called "S
/mw, and the meridians between the sections are drawn fr^
such bases, north or south, to the depth of two townshi;" "[^t
.*'«
i.
on tho oast
nd thoso on
n of latitude
tho oast and
hoHo on tho
I and Houth
alar order,
Dundary or
I in ranges
lino etyicd
numbered
I Initial
tho Princi-
I, Ho south
lingly.
len two ad-
according
ttbor of the
arao as the
under the
je is dosig-
• instance :
tho Second
he Second
ed accord-
tion line,
the road
osition of
owance i3
3ise width
Qe chains
Hod "base
awn from
hips, that
SYSTEM or suavBT, 5
is to 8tty, to the correction lines hereinafter mnntionod Th«
chains" whnl\h^'^° ^^° "i°"«"'-° '^'''^'''' more fhan eighty
chains, while they measure loss north of tho same Jino Thl
r;roV'ro'„rrj£;."°''""' "'°''"' -""" '^^^'^^^
"Jog" al-
lowed on cor-
reotloa liaei.
tlio
9. The " correction lines" are those upon which
"'j'o,; resulting from tho want of parallelism
„n ' • i- . ,o — — 'w "«iiu ui liivruiiuiism
nrn ihn.. , <*^ ^f «''»^|"n»» 1" allowod, or, in other words, they
enn-^TiJ7'?. ^T """"'"^ '^'^ ""^ ^^^^ which a,^
enui.d,.i,ot from the bases at the depth of two townships
2f four tiwuelXs""" ''' ""'"'^'^ ''^^ '^ ^'^"'^^ '^ ^'^° '^^^'^
fhTsjitrJ" i„/^vT r,^'.'"' '^"^? ^^"° '' '^' forty-ninth paral-
lel of latitude or International Boundary tho
second base is between townships four and five • thj 'third
between townships eight and nine'; the fourth betwe n tow
hips twelve and thirteen; the fifth between townships sixtron
and soventoon, ana so on northerly, in regular succoron.
liVelt'Z J^- ^^^ first correction lino i. between town-
Bjrstem. Ships two and throo ; tho second between town-
s^'PS SIX and seven; tho third between townships
D^visronof i^^^ 'I on northerly, in regular succcs.sion\
iecuon?. °' . ^^- \"^^ f ««1'0" '« divided into quarter sections
square, more or loss "'^''' '"' ''""'^ '''''' '' ^'^^'^^^^ ^'^^
aaslfatcho-^''" T,3 ^J;° '""^? adjoining the Saskatchewan
waa and other J^attle, iJow, Kod Deer and Belly Rivers are laid
SiS'ouUn' ""^^ '° ""i^ u"^®"^^ ^^^^"» ^ide, fronting on the
Rlverio". "il''' "°M ?^.°1 ^°" "^^'^ '^^^P- The ?ido lines
are parallel to the section lines.
semratelv'in^'LnK '"*^^'''*, •^^'^^ '*"°^^' ^'^"^ °»« "P^^ard.,
Srtn^n\rr'igrtrn'k.P' ""'^^"^^^^ «^ *^^ ^^'^ ^-^
JatTnt? ^*'^ ,?4- Pi-oliminary to the sub-division into town-
blocks of six. snips and sections of a ly'given portion of country
hipVeTh" in F.'?°'®5.*^. ^V,^'1 ^^^^^'^ settlement, the same is
tWrn 'iL° r^ °^t ^^t« »^I^cks of sixteen townships each,
stance and "7 Projecting the base lines and the east and west
how. meridian boundaries of each block.
diFided^Lto 1 ^^' ?"^^ blocks are sub divided into townships
townships "7 projecting the meridians from the base lines
*nd how. to the correction line, and connecting by straight
lines the township corners on the meridians.
7
J
6
SV8TEJI OP SURVEY.
Allowance
for the di^cre-
paacies of
ihe Buryey.
Corners.
rule fwith%ho o^Vtion abto^roTrM' To^ '°™';"""! ■
in the west limit of the ronrl niu™„ ^°> "■''' P'^ced
lines, and in "he sjuth IM? o ron/a, Wan^'^ ""V""'^
between tlie seclions on l,.t »n,i Y",™°^ "'" ™ ">« 'in*
cases fiz and govern Ih^ ^L^^^ 7!f 'u°°'i «""' '» «»
oftheadjoininirwnshin.' ectl' "'r''«°'"iary corners
opposite iide oftCrSilowance! ''"'"■'«'-«»<="ons on the
oTS'L corn Jt 'eorc'L lines" V^n'iin^S^bT"""
""''• difr rri°?""'^^ «■•«'"«"-- '^^^
marked independen ly for'll towLl,"'"""'"'- ^ P'""'^'' ""^
for the towns'hips north or east oTth„' """•"'l^'' '''''^^ ""o^o
limit of theroad'^Jlbwanc, Tnd those oAb« t.Tu^ "'' "^^
or west, in the sooth or west limit TnrfL townships south
are also posted on both "des o" t'ho roaS a7f^»™ l-onndaries
aide for the reserve and on thrlt'ht iXiSl^ZZL^r
Wit. the hor„r- ;nr.L-:7p&o4,adt\"^
tions aro numbered as shown in the following d?ag?am
N.
W.
J3
12
5
4
14
11
6
3
15
10
7
2
IG
9
8
1
E.
a.
Fifr. 2.
or its 8ub«
■rection line-
is north and
line.
ilines, at the
on and quar-
vorn respec-
)r township.
monuments
> or sections
iced on any
invariable
are placed
and south
on the line
ind in all
ly corners
ons on the
'tor-section
38 between
I cases in-
inted and
idej those
rth or east
hips south
)oundaries
e; on one
vnship.
or letteis-
) quarter-
ccordance
2ed in the
> quarter
artcr-sec-
m.
SYSTEM OF SURVEY.
Legal Bnl>
divisions of
townships.
21. Legal sub-divisions as applicable to the
survey, sale and granting of the Dominion lands,
areas follows: —
A section or 640 acres;
A half-section or 320 acres ;
A quarter-section or 160 acres ;
A half quarter-section or 80 acres ;
A quarter quarter-section or 40 acres.
Surreys per
formed by
contract.
23. The township sub-division surveys of the
Dominion lands, according to the system above
described, are carried out and performed by con-
tract at a certain rate per mile or per acre, fixed from time
to time by the Governor in Council.
FIRST SYSTEM OP SURVEY.
23. In the first system of survey, there is a road
allowance of one chain and fifty links on every
section line.
24. The township, therefore, measures on each
side from centre to centre of the road allow-
ance, bounding the same, four hundred and eighty-
nine chains, subject to the deficiency or surplas
resulting from converging or diverging meri-
dians.
25. In the survey of a township the deficiency
or surplus resulting from converging or diverg-
ing meridians is set out and allowed in the range
of quarter-sections adjoining the western bou'n-
dary of the township. It follows that generally
the lines bounding sections on the east or west
sides are not meridians, but lines parallel to the eastern
boundary of the township. All quarter-section sides are
exactly forty chains, except in the western range of quarter-
sections of a township and in the sections adjoining a correc-
tion line and subject to the discrepancies of the survey.
?he^8am?al "^' ^^^""^ "°* provided Otherwise above, the
ia actual ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^l^wn for the actual system of sur-
system of vey govern for the firstsystem.
survey.
Road allow-
ances.
Townships
measure 489
chains on
each side,
more or less.
Closing
errors left in
the western
range of
quarter sec.
tions.
Area sur-
veyed under
the first
^stem.
27. The opei-ation of the first system of survey
is restricted to iho area bounded as follows, viz ;
«
SrSTEir OP SURVEY.
rection line; by said Z-ocS Se Jf^ ^' the ej ^th cor-
be ween ranges twenty J^TmdV^J' ^^ *^^ °^^"^'««
Principal Meridian ; by s^id meridian w^"'''''^ ^^«* ^f ihe
eight and twenty-n nefasX „/ f hfc^^'T^ '^"^^^ t'^enty- ^
by said correction linens far as the Vr^^^ correction line;
^our and five, westof thrPrfnc nal ]Ch-^'^''i.*^'^^^^° ^^"ges
between ranges four and five Tsffr^f?? ' l>7 «fd meridian,
ime; by said correction line 'as far LfK^^ ''^^^ correction
ranges ten and eleven east of f hi i ^ -^^^ meridian between
meriaian, between ranges ten and elev.T^ ^/"^^"^ ' ^^ ««id
correction line ; by said Lrr^nt?! r ' ^^ ^^^ «« the third
Deficiency or
surplus from
converging
or diverging
nieridians
divided
equally be-
tween all
quarter sec-
tions.
Area survey-
ed under the
second
system of
survey.
Meridian.
SECOND SYSTEM OP SURVEY.
in alf i'sTlT*:"' ^^ «"^^^y i« similar
gard to ?rdefitt?of SZ'f'^''^' ^^ -*
ing or diverffinxr n^«L? surp us from converg.
equally betwee? JlnZ'f ""^''^ '^ distributed
actual system ^^^^rter-sections as in the
sarvfySfrLre^d^S^ts-tan^d^r^ X^^^'
elusive ; Tps 19 to qn t? i + , V, .' ^'^^^o 8 m-
™»ges being .„ ,est if C & *PH.''^I?
ine, to the
eighth cor-
e meridian
est of the
jes twenty- *
ction line;
Jen ranges
1 meridian,
correction
n between
a; by said
the third
' meridian
Principal
nd thirty-
^;Tps. 46 ^/. ^,,
'est of the -^^^-^
md 44, E.
8 similar
pt in re-
converg-
stributed
) in the
rstem of
to 8 in-
ve; and
e above
'rincipal
Chain
used.
INSTEUCTIONS TO SUEVEYORS.
FIELD WORK.
Surveys to be qn rru^ «
bidden, ^ ^'^ '"' Dominion Land sarreys is for-
» 31. All measurements shall be mado «,in, .i,
tested and c^t^d/Sf C^r^^Hv"^^^^^^^^
or any other point where fsf^r,! ?^ •^^^''^^^^ Winnipeg,
estab4hed,th^eTur7eyo7wi^l^^^^^^ "^^^ ^^^« been
tbey can chain corSlv Fill!'" ^'' chammen there until
to leave one in the Snd w^^^^^ used, so as
number of chains at fnTnoinM«?i '-^'^'''°^°S *^"'««- The
of pins, minus one ^^^P^^'^*^ '^^^'^^ ^^ual to the number
Chainmento 09 t) .
bBBworn. ^-. Previous to entering on their duties ih^
(Form of Oath.)
S: worn before me at
this day of
188
(Signed) A. B.
I O.I> D.L.S.
la chaining over uneven ground shonM
the same be so broken as not to Vomit ot the
be madT t- h^ ^^^l"^'' '^^ measurLrnt shojfd
easily levell^! a^pUlJ^a^f^t^d Me^ ^uc^^
Preeauliona
in chaining
over broken
ground.
3?
10
INSTBUCTIONS TO SUKV£YORS.
tTn^u"" P^"'"bi°g and dropping the pins in
tarn the accurate horizontal measurement'.
Ob? taclea on
the line.
order to obr
lako^'nlT!^^''"'''"^^'"'^'^^ obstructed by a
surveyor will pass'it&hTrnZd'off": ^^»^«^?b8tacle, the
venient, bv a triannnmif? T^ offsets, or, if more con-
to the U^e shoT be wZ- ^^^^^^ The angle opposite
^'*"°* throLh^T^T 7'" understand that all line.
those connecting "ht ZTZ^'^'l '' ^^ ^^" ^P^''^^^ «»'
adjacent trees ?n each nf ff *^. ^°. ™^''^°^ ^y Blazing the
tbi lineisbeng^uras well a.'l'' 'h '^' ^'r^^'^" ^^^^^
passes. h\^uas well as the side on which the lino
No blazo oa „p -^ . ,
traverse linea. f^- -No blazes or marks of any deecrintinn nr.«
Blazed lines Q'r rpu . -n^ . .
not required „„^'-. J-^^, JJommion Lands Law does nnf r-^
througg all the posts. ' ^^' '^^''^^''^ ^^'^« "^^^^^ ^^
fnetrucUong
to bo strictly
followed.
38. The instructions contained in tho mannil
pearslo t ev' f'^. '^'^"^' ^^^'^ when thc'ea;!
from. Errors^ in the Jinl'''*, advantage to depart there-
^^.-easonf^o^^J^-^^^^^^^^
nSdl^dVer- P.' ^^®^ » Survey made on tho new system
t« Wr^ ^t^ ' townships ot tho old system, the lines Tf
to be distinct, the new system are to bo run as if the HnLs en
Boad allow- An A ^^^a n
ance to be • ^"' ^; "^P^f allowance of a chain and a-half
left between ^^ to be left between tho tracts covered by
^^Jfferent tys- different systems of survey. "vcxeu oy
(
a
tl
to ob-
BOUNDARY CORNERS.
any
»nce to be i ^^j A ^^^'^ allowance is to be loff «« 4k
left on Indian boundaries of all Indian reservps wf ^ *^®
Reaerre, serve not yet survoved ?« 1^ k ^^^^^^ » re-
Boundarieg. certain number of fSH«Vn-n A'' ^°™'^ <^^ »
..^foki- ,.'"""* "' luu sections, the survfirnr in
e.stablishinff the same shnll t.iLT ♦u ^ ' '"
usual on the west and south Fv»nnH„' ^u *^° P°«*« "8
and east side they arrtHe \w .f'-^''>*^ «" t^o north
limit of the road fllowan?eThi«-?^ '^J*^' "^''^^ '^r east
adjoining the towS"Vo,1v^n^^ ""'^ «"«^^"««
surveyors employed b^y tt D^p^^U"? o^Vo^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^
BOUNDARY CORNERS.
tho"lr"loirfoi"e1taS::r ' T°'"S ""^ measurement
quartor/ecti?n cm-for a, ihl ^1°^ "■" 'r°*'''P' "^<"i«» or
Township 4.Q r> • .
corner on a ^/.^ ^\ « prairio spot, a township corner m
IS erected as hereinafter described. ' ^'"''"^ ^^ "'"'^
Township J.1 Tr. „ *• i
cornor on a . „ ^? ^ timbered country the cornoi- of a
Section cor-
ner on a
prairie spot.
46 A section corner in prairie is to be mark-
ed by an iron tube 3 feet 8 inches in W b
described T^ '"^^ •'' f^ ''""^'^ ^^ ^ "^«""d ^' h«re naf^r
a m^rTlS^^^^^^^^^ range are stamped on
tbrlghri^l^l-t^hfA^^^X-^^^^^^^^
12
INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYOns.
Section cor d^ n a- i
Derona<im V V^ ^ tim bored SDOt a spMinn «^
bered spot marked bv a wooden no« th! ^?- °°?*'** '»
, , is defined by rrferen?/fn' ^ ^'^''^'^'^ of which
Such posts should be at Last ?h,L '"'^S^ ^'""«-
feet above and twelve inches beJow At '°?^^' «^"«r«' ^^o
tion corner *. •. -^ Quarter-gection corner is mn^i.«^ •
on a prairie Pjairio, by a wooden post planted in ?J ' '"
spot. of a mound as hereinnSn,. ^^ -u .'" ^^® c^'^tro
. , be four feet four Sel iL '''''^'^' '"^^ P^«t to
inches in the ground, two ?eet sL inPh«T'- '^.J' *° ^° ^^^^^'^
ten inches above, 'it is flalnnH "" !^° "'^""^' «°<i
marked with the fraction irfractinn 5 °^^^ -"^ ''^''' ''"'^
quarter-section post. ThI flatten«H ^^^^ *? ^^f^^'^^ ^* «« «
three inches widl and placed at Tlf^^'', "^^'"'^ ^^ ^^ ^^ast
the line is being run ^''^ ^^^^les to the direction
^^T^i'i^rjlV^L^^^^^ three miles
indicated simply by a mound. '°'''' '"'^ "°^"«^ "^^J l^e
Qaartersec- 40 Tn <!,« «, j
on a
epot.
ground.
Boundariea of
line between
river lota.
50. A boundary between river lots is in h^
marked as a section corner, but the s des o? it
lines of thoC.Vhretrane'?- P^^^"'' ^^ '^^ *
corner post is so stuatedthiriflfi'^'^'J f quarter-section
boundaries of river Cfandfinip'^*'^^ '^"^^ *>°^« the
into river lots, such section J ^ ^^ "'^^ions not laid out
marked wittuUakirg1n;nore'o;Th?r''^'r^^^ '' '' ^^
township had been subdivS .• ? '"'7^'' ^°t«' «« i^the
quarter-sections «"bdivided entirely into sections and
Form, size ki mi,- ^ ,
andheigiitof „,.^' ■^^®.'^°'*°<i8 erected at the Corners of town
the cnouada. «J'P«> ^^ctions or quarter-sec tionsra^e ?o be7n
tbrownupat\tcre?o7:tlnih- ^^-^^r^l' ^^^ "^'-^
with sides^f base sTrfeetnti^r^"^'^^^ ^^^^ high
corners, the sLsofThe base Wilbur f^. <l»arter-secti?n
two and a-half feet '^.^'^ ^^'^ be five feet, and the height
£arth to be K9 Tr. 4u ^
taken from .,,""," ^"® lormation of mounds thn «o7.+».
pits. w,U be taken from four 8ev3 " pite" th™
. feet .,„are and eighteen ioehes "^dV ihe
POST JN MOUND.
POST.
'3 tncftes 'S<ivtctr^^
22 intakes in, the ly
POST.
^^TfJtt'^nffujta. \
'STO/VE MOUND.
I
ORD/NARY MOUND.
>eo'\»>Vi^Fv;
BARTH MOUNDANO POST,
^«ns/iccet>^e.
1 1
MOUND ON CO/fffECTtON L/Af£,
3r«m€.uitxeuyB fbraUothmrctn-nrnt^
l»iye<
-■■- — ^i*
' MO UNO
^^'^f^^^oTtarmjhifut&t^
rvet^C:
- JPt^
^/kutui
'fir
'Tt
J<»r»t.U^^„^^i;„^ lS^«..v^«-0^„*^Jfe^ „,_^
?
;i J
EARTH MOUND AND POST,
'SGctt:iA?rv<
5
pRv-'"
I-
I -
I
kV/T/V£'SS MOUND.
i . i i > i i H i , il >V
j^gv^i;,
w^^^^^
WiTNESS MOUND.
V:'.i^
WITNESS MOUND.
BOUNDARY CORNEns. J3
spectivo bases. oppoeito the centres of the re-
To be formed ro -si- j
cf solid eanh, 0^. -IMounds are to ba formA^ r^^ i-i
and tbe e^^^^^ ^^^Z.^^^
the speed! erectVn of the mound a \± ''^r^' ^'"'^^^'^'^
used. By taking hold orJ^oh nl. '^P^ s^elcion may bo
of the three lines runninftoTthe^l^^^^^^ »?^kin^ a inot
coming tangled • or thf B^i!l ""^ '^ ^^^^^^^ without be-
the dis^tance from the post t? tho - "'"^ ^T "^^^^^^ on it
the sides of the pits, S smlu pTcLetr be nl! T^' '""^ '^
distances and in thi proper diS^s. ^""''^ ^* ''^"'«
Stone mounds Kj. Tt^ „ „i.
the earth mounds. ^ ^ '''''^ ''' ^^^'^ "^d shap^ to
•Angles of f^T r* n
mounds to be ^ '^'i' ^" *'^" "orth and south, and on all oaaf or,^
to^rards ihe we«t survey lines excentm<7 VkL .^^* ^°^
Cardin u and those across rfver^of/ J- ^^''^^^^^^^ l'Qo»
P°^'^»«- posts and mounds ILh' "" TT'> ^^'-^e^'
connecting the cardinal V^ZV^^^: Zo^X^^^^^^
Except on na wu^ ^- «
Except on
correction
Haes, in
which case
tbey will
stand square
with the line.
or squares.
cardinal po^s Stat1h;o"VrrZ:'"°f
the baaes of cho mounda or of th"oCtmo7o3ts
Witness
mounds.
57. If a township or section corner in n ^;f.,„
tion where a bearing tree i« nnt^/^u\ ^ ®^'"""
in a reasonable distance shall fall in f • ^^. ^® ^'^"^^ with-
or in any other situS where he oif.TT' ^'^ f « '''^'^^'
may be untavorable toThe pCtingof^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^'^^
of a mound, the survevor w ii L ^^x ^^^^^^ erection
erectinga Witness mrnT;irhLrp';^^^^^ ^^^ ^^
able point. The letters W Af ?«^ fu • ^ nearest suit-
and ^distance of tie sitlV'ihe ^.^'^^'^^ '^' ^^^""^
mound are to be stamned nn +kI +" ''"''^®^ ^^'^^"^ «ach
.-at the be„i„, . fo't'T.-^ rl^^^b^" d*\:, ll^e'
14
INSTRCCTroXS TO SURVEYORS.
&0 00,;:^^^^^^ Z':'' -^^'^^ it is to be taken
witness mound is in iovmW -^'^ ^^ ** ^^earinff tree A
and a-half feet foet bilh tL "M"". ^'^^ '" di«meter an J'twt
trench fifteen inches Se """^ '^ ^'^^^'^ ^''^'n a c^cuHr
Mounds at kq m,
Mounds at kq p„, ^
towns^'ip cor- ' .^-'-'ff'opt on eorrection i;,.«c i
ners on^or- "^^U^d will bo so placed Jh.?+ J ®' ^^^^'^ the
rection lines. Precisely in the centre of thl ^n^r'* ^''^ «tand
Wooden posts
to be planted
twelve inches
from iron
posts at town-
ship cornpn
when there is
ao mound.
in tplfo'a^ho™ Lm:„:/ " 'T™»'"> "— fall
woods or iaTmZhTJ T ** "'•'""«<'. "^ in the
, pianted twelve inches ?romt I,! •"'™' '■""' ^^
«ide whera the mound Zuldrtrd"'""^'"' "■«
to be marked I P tL • • *^"" ^"ch post
i^ besides perpotuatod by bearinn- 1 P''''^'''" "^ ^be iron Lst
<iir?o.ied abovi. ^ ^^^"""^ *^'®^« «»- ^vritnoss mounds, as
Wooden posts
to be beFelled
toti'rn'^.'Lr'^'"' ^'^ "" '» ''» ''»™II''J on top
MARKS OX POSTS.
corners
nex
Township /»•> n,, *^ • •
t one the range, ae for instanee™ '"^nship, and ihe
J«dSe%"?5"aLtrZ^r"^'"'"«''°''
3IARKS ON POSTS.
15
Section cor-
ners.
town ?Lf "'.''«■•, '""fion oorners, either on
the eimplo ^1^0 "of t o'sectionrwirbf "^ '^r^'''^'
.<^
A
%
Tin square. Wooden post.
Fig. 4.
Tin square.
Wooden post.
Fig. 5.
For the northei ly corner
between sections 34 and
35, Township 5, Range 4.
For the easterly corner
between sections 24 and
25, Township 6, JRange 4
Tin square. Wooden post.
Fig. G.
For the corner between
sections 15, 16, 21, 22
township 6, range 4. ' '
Township
ccrners on
"orrectioa
lines.
n,«!.tj»°l?:?17_?" ration lines a,e to he
on the west X h^Slr of lowT^''"T'»'°f «™^^^^^
.orth Side, for poits no^j-f t?,,»,^ 'SllCto'So^n" Z
16
INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS.
aotu:rr{^:u^\stJi"r'»"-«'-"»^
B'
^" ^°LZ ro°"'-°'"' '°'-°'" °' Townahip 3,
Iron post.
lAXXX
^ Eaigt s""""""'' """"'' 0' Township 6,
Iron post.
Fig. 8.
Section cor- «=; c^^i.,-
neraoncor- ,^ flection corners will havo the r^^^n^\^^.,. *
and range on the other" Ide ?huB ;i *""■ °^ *'""'«'">
(k i— . (0
R 1
^/n sq'/are.
** 2 "
6
5
AI
III
:Por the southerly corner between
sect.ns3and 4, Township
Wooden post.
Fig. 9.
nxxx
For the northerly corner
xxxm between sections 32 and 33
Township 2, Eange 6. '
Ttn square. Wooden post.
Fig. 10.
Marks of eo t„
.tni?5^p.,t»?,«;^;^,th--b-oftiera7ge"^^^^^^^
B.ridl.» to'^iw^ J°'* <"■ »»' Of the merfdian, as for
MARKS ON POSTS.
17
For the township corner between Town-
tT f,T^^' .^°'! *^^ ^'•^ ^'^^ 'ith Ranges
east of the Principal Meridian.
y^ \
^V
^if' ■
x\ \
\
If'
/i
^<n square.
TFooien ^04^.
Fig. 11.
For the corner between
pcctions 10, II, 14, 15,
lown8hip7, range 4, west
ot the Principal Meridian.
and E to be r. ^^* ^^^ letters W and E are not to be marked
marked only ^^t anymeridian other than the Princinal Meri-
SerfruT^ i:?ij^^ -"-ber of meridian is ne?er toTe
Iron posts for
section cor-
ners to be
marked also
witb a cold
chisel.
i\l ^" »^^^t'on to the marks explained above
the number of the section on the sSuth-west srde
of a section corner, or the letter E if on the north
T^n f^^.^I^^tion line, shall be marked on top of
+1,^ 'A ^-a :. P°^* ^^^^ * col'i chisel, in order to serve for
the Identification of the post, should the tin square disappel?"
new^moMd." .J^'.^!"^ bearing in degrees and minutes and
square thus:- ''°'' "'' ^'"^' "'^ ^*^^P^^ *>^ '^^ tin
^» square.
Fig. 12.
For witness mound, one chain and 34 links
to the N. 35° 15' W from the section corner.
18
INSTRUCTIONS TO SURVEYORS.
riSfr 10 ,r'° . ^0. A post between river lotshas, on two sides,
th« .♦>, -^ the numbers of the lots adjoining ind on one of
the other sides the number of township and range, thus °i
Tin square.
How marks
are to bo
male.
J^iff. 13.
Wooden post.
THE riELD BOOK.
Field notes.
72. The field notes sent in to be pla'^ed on
record in the Dominion Lands Office are to Z
1h « """^ T'^ '?P^ °^ *^° «^'^'gi"al notes tak^'n the field
Cbound at iT-H^r Ik '\^ T^« ^"-'^^^^ for tL p^o^^^^^
ate^td^Voffic^t^;^^^^^
Of^the field 73 The first page will give its title, shewing
the dates nf ^Lf" '^ ""^^^^ '"^^"y' ^^ ^^^"^ surveyed, and
tne aates of the commencement and the cbmnletion of thA
work. The second page will contain the namTs^and duties o?
:i';r si:. -TnX^r :„^-ri^ «ni'
THE FIELD BIOK,
19
lior^^arnL^'' ^''^'^"'^^^ P"''*^"""' *« instructions in rela
be*"coi5Xe!° ^Zl\ ^^® field-notes of every section line sur-
laiddownonl^trrpal^a^t '? ^'^"«^^^^«' «° "^e
in the Field Bc^TL the^ofL fn whToh'^r ^'^ *^ *^° ^^^^''^d
chaining must in all cases rnmm"r*''''^u^^^7 »7® ^^n. The
allowance so as to show Ct?!^ """l ^^^ '°'^^^ ^^ ^^« »-«acl
corners the dist^nllrrhetrnrolr ^^^^^^^^^ ^'^''^^
of'Sfou™ .„^®- Section lines are to be "described as north
'■ west bli'^"'''' "^ '*""»"'- "<>' "« ""h o'
boundaries and on hnes between different ^vstemiof ^'"™
»- no^o^tJ^s:^,\tx:^ST'rn^^^^^^^^^^^
" Ba8t:"'"W." for "West" "di»lf" ij" .'.f?"""' "'*=■" ''-'>■
for "chains," "Tfcs/' f^^Mi„k^■"dk^■ f„'"Ti?';' " '',^'-"
" distant," "W.P in M " (-^7 '« w j ^S' distance " or
"R T"V™<'ii • m ..""^ "Wooden Post in Mound"
-D. 1. lor " BeariQfir Tree " " W Af " f^- u-nr-l i7 ,*..
;;^LP.;for"IronPo!t," aV "T^in'S." fri^Sn'^M
S"'- ,^o--^he^^"i«inrntbVio''gr ™1^
mation in rellrnrtTeYirTe^'!!!*"^'" .hf foi,owing?nt^
set^Ce&^iSf &t\Z^r«;^/" --7 0..
^Ir'>.f^rKtutdn:d5ra„S!LtriSr^' ""^
^
20
INSTaUOTIONS TO SUHVEYOas.
m^l -W P - w^' °^ '?^'' boundaries, if wooden post
marK w. J:* wooden post in mound •' W P in M •'• ,'fN.^«
post in mound. " I P inivr." <,*«.,« V \r^. ^> "^t^oi
ik«„ • *7"""">. ^' -t. m m..; stone mound. " Stonn M " wu^
lakeorp^iscrS^h^ H^" ""'^"i' '>''^^° ''''ere a stream,
tanoo acVos3 it! ' ""' "^^ '*"" """"teiaing thedis:
ren^f^a^ltstrS, ThTk Tk"*.?""^ '^°P*'>' ""d ™'» "f o">-
JiPenl'hmr "" ""■''''°' °' *'*' """-"■y i« level, roi;^g,
aeotiooihere indicated?;thr„tet '""°^' °'' *''°'' *™'''"-
(A) Depth Of loam aad kind of eub-soil, wl>ere pits are dug.
^(0 H.nt.mber,.hekind., quality and average dimension
S- mrd'e o^J iSt^eTrt^: tS-otSS
be nnmistakabfe""'- '*"""' ^""^ ^"^ '»«''-"g. "e aTwa^s to
Boad allow>
ances to bo
ruled in.
81. The road allowances in the Field Book »ro
to be ruled in the proper position, and the positfon
of corner boundaries indicated. position
rr.f?' "^I'^^i"^ *^® field-notes the surveyor will
— = x-w«ivraiej me dUrvey himseif. '
Affidavit to
be made.
wooden post,
in M.;" if iron
lone M." The
p eveiy corner
leotp, and, also,
, lakes, ponds,
beginning of
narkable hills
ve the bottom
I ere a stream,
lining the dis-
d rate of cur-
esh or salt in
evel, roll "ng,
ing to its fit-
ourth rate, —
aoh quarter-
pits are dug.
e dimension
Bs, with esti-
Imens of the
randneatlj
r, and their
•e always to
Id Book MO
the position
rveyor will
aof, accord-
ir that he
\'->>
-L-
1
\
/''»7oa>>
w
^^'A
\ 4
i
SUBDIVISION OP TOWNSHIPS INTO SECTIONS.
' Instrament.
7\STRUMENT AND METHOD OP StJRVET.
^ 83. The instrument used in subdivision surveys
18 to bo a transit, transit theodolite or solar com-
pass, reading at least to minutes; it shall be inspected Td
approved bythe head office. ' j^ev.ieu ana
^utltf^l^'^'fl'' ^^f exposition of the system of survey, all
Zll/i T t^t>«f8tropomical; they shall therefore be per-
formed independently of the magnetic needle.
The subdivider will receive from the head office, or from the
surveyor of outlines, diagrams shewing the outliies euTeyed
84. Before the subdivider enters on his
becompSred t, "•*-.,^«^"'« ^no suoaiviaer enters on his survey
with preyiouB ^® ^"^ measure carefully one or two miles of the
lines. township outline ; this will enable him to compare
„ A + nis chaining with that of the lines previously run.
and to modify It so as to obtain the best agreement with the
township outlines.
fsUbiSThe^ ^l.P^^' r^i^J^^ exteriors of a township are
north and estaD.ished by the surveyor of township outlines
south bound- The subdivider will therefore commence his opera-
fowSswX *i?f«b//«°?!°g the north and south boundaries
fore com- °* *°® township, if not previously surveyed,
mencing the In order to do so, he will join, by a trial line,
subdmsion. the opposite township corners on the meridians
ir^r, „ii J^^^' returning, plant the posts permanently, mak.
ing all quarter-sections equal. Table XI will give the number
?n n.'^°" r by which the cour«e of the trial line is to be altered
m order to strike the post.
Only one side of a correction line is to be surveyed at one
lime. lixQ proceedings will be the same as described above.
B^h^rs *a°rl°; . ??• ^ township is to be subdivided by first pro-
be dubdivided JO^ting meridians, and then joining the opposite
corners on such meridians by trial (lines. Table
T ^^X. ^'}^ "®®^ ^° *^^^ ^^^^ ^°^ correcting the trial lines
in sub-dividing a township, the quarter-section posts on east
and west lines are placed midway between the section corners
on tue respective meridians, that is to say, both quarter-
section sides are made equal.
In closing with a meridian on the north or south boundary
01 a township, the last quarter-section post on suoh meridian
18 at once planted permanently and connected by a straight
22
SUBDIVISION OF TOWNSHIPS.
would apply inlhircasestlu^? "^ani to blazed lines
than50ZL from tho • t o,?th«^n\?*"'''?° ""^« """a
such meridian should trtol^Xrv'i^rd."^ *"" '"^"^"'P-
Lines to be fit mL„ ,
^"^^^^^- established tl prmanenlr '' ^ «"^^^^«^ '
daries are those aC^ wK? i^.,,""^'^^^ «« ^0"^"
are. Their total length TrZerv^^^'^'V^' ?*^ allowances
and twenty-seven chSs more'^r l^r'^'^, i^/orty-two miles
outlines. The rear line of rivn^iit '•^''^^"''''^ *^^ township
and posted, but posts are no rliitd^^fua ''l ^^ T^'^'^
riverfront. ^equirea to be pla-Ued on the
Quarter-sec ftfi T„ ^x .. „
tions adjoin- ^° Starting from a correofinn !;«« ^i,
on ihe d..a"rtKSrc:^Lt "^ '^« '^^ ---
-QO Will be careful to connfipf T.TUK 4L . .
limit of the r3ad allowancrrn cm.cl^nnT*' ^° '^^. ^"°^^
outer limit. couoclion lines, not in the
liio convergence has been exaggerated in Fig. 14.
Anglos of cci mu , „
meridians °'^' \^Q angle formed by the meridians witl,
with east and ^^^ east and west linos is diffflrAnV ^^ i
west lines. meridian and varies «niL^l^- ^""'^ ''^''^
Shan no, nj^^j:^^^^^^"'^^.:::^-
township- o:ut^'K-,rr- ^^^ ^^- |o
METHOD OF SURVEF.
23
S.'Jfil^?'''?®'^ ^^ ^H^^ ^'^'^ '^"®'*' fro^i the data supplied to him
with the diagram of township outlines.
The angles between the meridians a dove g, and the east
and west lines, would bo deduced in a similar manner
erro/luowed ^,^'^1^*^ follows, from the foregoing, that all
quarter-sections on meridians 'are to be fortv
.A- • • ,^ chains except in the tiers of quarter-sections
adjom.ng the correction lines, where they should Te To'
5^n iT^\/?T,*^^ quarter-sections at each end of the t^er
Should all the survey lines be perfectly correct, all o her
sections should have the theoreUc width. The maximum
error m distance that will be allowed in the closing o any
section coraer will be fifty link,^ When the closin/error el
rXed'^Th^'^n ''^^ involving the error'Lst be re!
^ZT^eirr^^i opposi':. .,,andarios of sections are to bo
within fifty hnks ot equai length.
onlhe'^grS ^"^ ^' '""'""'^ '" '^' ^''^^ ^'"^ '"°^ «« "^'^'"^'^^
Slkifc ,.^^-^" subdividing townships, all navigable
be surveyed. Ji^ors and lakes of twenty acres and upwards
«,.. 4 u *°S®^^]^y ^i^h any islands that may be in them'
ai^ to be accurately surveyed. Lakes occurring entirely
within a^ section, and islands in lakes and riv^ers 3
have their traverse properly connected with the iest^ of
exZrfT Wh^^th.t average width of a navigable stream
exceeds three chains, the surveyor will traverse both banks S
right or left bank, as the same would be on his right or
.eft respectively looking down the stream. The outline ?f the
shore shall be determined by a sufficient number of offsets!
n^^n^T''"''*'?!^.'''?'!''^ ^'°P t'^^t it cannot be lorded by
t^r«lV ""''^k' \' \^'' ^^ ^rxrvoyed and the area deducted from
InLlr''"''^"*'^^°°'^^'P^^«^^^^ to ford it and carry th^
survey line across, no traverse or deduction should be made.
pS"* ,. ^^* A' tlioso points where township or section
lines intersect the banks of a navigable stream
«o+ai^i- 1, A ^^A ^ake> temporary posts or marks are to bo
established, and the distance across the rivor bAfw«"n the
same ascertained trignometrically or otherwise, at "the "time
of running such lines. Such temporary marks or posts
will be called traverse points, and are to be marked T?P
ihl'"'l7 f^ '*'^^'?^ ^' '^'^^ '^''1 b^ eff^eted by connecting
them with traverse lines and offsets, on the respective side!
24
SUBDIVISION OF TOWNSHIPS.
Settlera nn m *
Settlers
claimi or
improTe*
meots.
93 Traverse lines shall be run to setflnra
the spelling of these *^''™ " "» accidental error in
the" rcK5o*:At : JSler" Slv fh/TK*'"' "°* "«'»» ^"k
new sentence, «ddedThe":',e«r.y -^ ^^
iu which ^ deZS?^ rtoald ?e ?If^^ H •"""^ >« <»"y <««•
untrae or in opposlSn tolL &"^^^^^^ '' '^ -"<»%
Bepadment. ' """P'^ **"■ ">» information of the
beMd'/for" „3 Sarveyora are strictly forbidden to n.«tA
ttatoiory »"y charge to the sonatto™ fii. ™!.- • ?, .*
decl.r.,f„n^ declarations, and to say that hTT-^ *^^^
claims will be 8«-nr«/% u ' "^ '''""S «"»
expose a surveyor to prosocnS ff; oh*? •" P""""' ™''<1
PROGRESS REPORTS*
\.Jl\ ^^i^ progress report shall be accomnanipri
trails, hills, &o "*'^' "■"' '« '0 'V, the rivers, lakes.
Sketches of
survey to ac-
comnany the
progreas re-
ports.
KETURNS or SURVEY.
25
It is not necessaiy to use a scale for plotting, a rouffh eati.
mate of distances is all that is required. ^
Tr\ li^i®^ ^^y ^^ ^*'*^^ ^itJi pencils of different colors
I should be understood that only^he main topog^^^^^^
t^^VfT ^^ ^^ '^^^",' *°^ ^^^^ it i« ««eloss to nSicate
every httle swamp, pond or rise that may be found. '''*''^*^^
r^ETURNS 07 SURVEY.
Account to''
be placed at •
the end of the
field-book.
97. In addition to what is prescribed for field-
notes in general, there will be an account,
signed by the surveyor, shewing in miles and
decimals of a mile, the distances run on section
and traverse lines in the township, with the rates in each case
according to contract, and the totel amount for the township,*
S.'^' ^^93. The final returns of survey will consist
(a.) Field-notes.
(6.) A plan of each township.
(c.) A timber plan for each township.
(d.) A timber report <* "
(e.) Formulas of oath of chainmon.
(/.) Statutory declarations of settlers.
(^.) Accounts in duplicate on the forms supplied.
Report. 99 The surveyor will also subjoin in a concise
report such further description or other informa-
tr«ffrH°''l'\''^^'' the township surveyed as he may be aWe
to afford, which may be useful or necessary to be known
giving a general description of the character of the country
Its soil and geological features, timber, minerals, waters, &c.
Plans. 300. The plans shall be on a scale of forty
chains to the inch, on the forms supplied by the
JJepartment. Every fractional township, however small, is tu^
be shewn on a separate plan. '
Township outlines, when surveyed by the subdivider. are to
be shown on the same plan as the sub-division.
quaSS-sec- ^^}- Tho plans shall exhibit the length of all
-uon iiaes. quartcr-suction lines as measured on the ground
n^ 1. T ^^®° ^P^ exactly forty chains, and the le£c^th of
every broken part of a section line. "
Topography. io2. The plans will show all the topographical
features of the country as referred to in the field
26
SUBDIVISION OP TOWNSniPS.
green representing reeds, if ^^"^% with small strokes of
A rfloq
. ' and hiadr^fc^" "!'' ^how tho aroas in acres
dians, bonndarios of ZZJ °°.™«*'on "nos, initial merf'
systems of survov, and m,,?,' ''?™ separating difrffl^n,
"reams that hav^'Cn,?a°C:d°'"i''n\^'''° "-^ 'atTo".
-^i K considered as regniarali .Z?ntT rC Sj-f^^
r" "^ ""> "-'' - ^ wi if/s:;:s 'arrcrr "^°"'
Contents of mi m. ®^^ thereon.
towTQship. , • -^"Q aroaofevervriVAri^f * ,
Of the townsh?;, Kl" ""^ " *»•"» S^'hl^ \l^rtt^
I^and in sections
itoads -
Water
Total area
acres,
(i
((
qult^^^e^o^nV' fnTe"to;;U1rrdT ''",'"" "- "' "» th.
ihereare no irre,n„r '^^^^l^^,^^^ l^ ^
In the area of "Road«" o«« • i , '
ances within the to^^L Ctl,?'"''^! "" *''« ™ad allow-
^a&r-' - -Wtow^hi^t: r^^iK
The area of" Wator " ;« ^i,
traversed within thTsectons^n'^'^f^l^^^t^r that has been
the road allowances! '' ^°^ '^""'^ ^ot include any of
Traverse in- m
"°e3. -iiJo. iiaverse lines arft nrif + v ,
l*°?,great anar^ea loXit of'irb:-'"' ^?^^' Pondi&oTu
then the plot should be made nn t.-l- '°^ P^^"^^ «° a p4e.
the end of the Field-Book! ^"^ ^'"«° «°d pasted Tn
RETURNS OP SURVEY.
21
' in manner
imifation of
imitation of
II strokes of
'oas in acres
ter-soctions,
nitial meri-
g different
3y iakes or
■ter-sections
^0 acres in
ivo or more
iraversing-,
I thereon.
be markea
le Contents
res.
(I
re
(
of all thtt
in which
to 23,040
id allow-
the west
i will be
aas been
> any of
1 on the
jk pages
he shore
> &c., is
a page,
isted in
Settlera im-
provementg,
Traverse linos are to be plotted on a scale of 20 chains to an
««f«mn«f'i?''°'°'''^^^'^''°/l(''^^ angles), distances and off-
sets must be given ; none of these need bo marked on the plot •
ni tr« ?'?-^^' '? ^'^^ ^^'"^ separately in table form, nuS-
ing the stations to correspond with numbers on the plot.
106. The extent and position of settlers' im-
*!, 1 , P'^^T^^^ients are to be shown in the notes and on
the plan ; also the names of the settlers who have made statu^
tory declarations on the quarter-sections which they claim.
to h« r'' ""^ ^;"''r "^^^ ^^^^ "^^^ ""^ declaration are not
to be shewn on the plan or in the field-notes.
Timber plan. iQJ. The timber plan shall be colored so as
'.^n 1 ^ to shew the predominant timber in the belts or
islands met with m the different townships surveved. The
colors to be used to represent timber aro as follows : -
Poplar,— light greoD.
Spruce, — carmine.
Brule,— brown.
Ti.uber
rei. ort.
108. Tn tie timber report the surveyor will
in^ • , state whether, in his judgment, from the know-
edge gained on the ground, it would be desirable to reserve
the timber for the needs of the settlers, or whether it would
be advisable o set apart the same as a timber berth ; Tthe
latter he will give a general statement of the quality and
extent of timber over 10 inches in diameter suitable for lum-
hf^IL^rP^T- IfrfP<^rting on several timbered townsh??^,
he bhall make a statement as to their relative value
bv ^fp^ri^o ^'''"'i t^^^ftent, quality and facilities afforded
by streams, &e., for getting out the timber.
A timber plan is to be given for every township in which
there is wood of any kind whatever. ^
^htufu^"" '"uP'^'* ^^^^} ^^ f'lrnished for every township.
One ia^e o'f'th^^'.'^' '"" -^ '- ^^l '^^"^^'P' *^^ f^«t is stated
Une page of the repo... is given for each township.
109. The field notes shall be neatly written, in
a clear manner and fair hand. The plans shall
be drawn with care and should be fair specimens
of draughtsmanship.
dittn^ tT'?^ ^'l^ '"^l"' ""^i complying with the above con-
ditions will either be returned to the surveyor, to be written
nl^J^T. ""^.u °' ""' P^^P^^ed by the Department, and the cost
charged to the surveyor. i > " woo
Plans and
field-notes re-
turned to sur-
veyor in cer-
tain cases.
28
SUBDIVISION OP TOWNSHIPS.
Charjfesfor iia t» .
returnsofaur- -n -iveturns Of survev am r>,./»»xn- i t.
ment,
Township plan (old system) . . .« .»
""""r^nslif !" ^"^ <- »y^'-) per'''""
m. . ''■•-. 10.00
trayemsare to be ftrnishod in a 1 casot af ^k"^- ^'""^ "^
w,]l Bot undertake to plot a traverse for « dyor ^P"'""""*
rod hy tho
EXTRACTS FROM THE DOMINION LANDS ACT.
8.00
6.00
3.00
XOO
>rso lines.
Plots of
Bpartment
Surveyora to
' be prosecuted
ia case of per-
jury.
46 Victoria, Chap. 11.
107. Tho Surveyor-Gonoral shall require every
Dominion Land or Topographical Surveyor, in
addition to the oath by this Act required to bo
administered to him on receiving his commis-
sion as such, to take and subscribe an oath, or make and
subscribe an affirmation, on the return of his surveys of
l>ominion lands, that the same have been fiaithfully and cor-
rectly executed according to law and the instructions of the
burveyor-General ; and if it is proved on satisfactory evidence
before any court of competent jurisdiction that such surveys
or any part thereof have not been so executed, the surveyor
taking such false oath or making such false affirmation shall
be deemed guilty of perjury, and shall be punishable accord-
ingly; and thereupon Her Majesty's Attorney-General for
Canada shall, upon the application of the Surveyor-General,
immediately institute a suit upon the bond of such surveyor,
and the institution of such suit shall act as a lien on any pro-
perty owned or held by such surveyor, or his sureties, at the
time tho suit is instituted.
Chain
bearers to
sworn.
Chain Bearers.
^^ 108. Every chain- bearer employed in the sur-
vey of the Dominion Lands shall, before ho com-
mences his chaining or measuring, take an oath
or affirmation that he will discharge such duty with exacts
ness according to the best of his judgment and abilities, and
render a true account of his chaining or measuring to the
surveyor by whom he has been appointed to such duty ; and
every Dominion Land Surveyor is hereby authorized to ad-
minister such oath or affirmation.
Standard of Measure.
109. The measure of length used in the surveys
of Dominion Lands, shall be the English meas-
ure of length, and every Dominion Land Sur-
veyor shall be in possession of a subsidiary stan-
dai'd thereof,— which subsidiary standard,
tested and stamped as correct by the De-
partment of Inland Bevenuo, shall be furnished
nim by the said Department, on paymentof a
Standard of
BngliBh meas-
urement of
length.
Copies to be
Erooured by
>. L. Bar-
veyorii
30
DOillMON LANDS ACT.
standard thi length TfiJ^.u' •'"''«'""•'' ■""! ™rify bv euch
moMuriDg ^'^ "^ '^""^ """"'"^ "nd other inMramen J for
i'rovldionla lift T« „ii
moundf post Or limit hZo7nZtu>nL7''n '°T ^'^^^'"^ '^^^
or monument ions nnH ih^Z sections or other lega subdivifi
cannot be ,' ™ themoand, post or monnmnnf^ V I
subdivision, cannot be found h/ «.k u^ u?""-^''''' «'' ^^^^r legal
that the nature of the caseliav tt?^"^'"" '^^ *^^«' ^^^^^^^e
corner mound, post or monm^ent but?f tw'P'?.'-'"^ '^'^
same cannot bo satisfuctorilv «n nL . '/ the.position of the
proceed as follows :-- ^ '"* ascertained, then he shall
corner. ^ J If the lost corner mnnn^ r^r^c4. ^
the c;rca»src"J"„nret^t?b1'F'^' ^"''»" -P-
will iDstruot him hoV to proceed' S-'^yw-Gon^™!. who
the outline of • ^^^' ^^^^^ lost corner mound, nost or Tnnnn»««^*
• township. |s. on one of the outlines of a township h«r,
join, by a atrnio'hf n«« *i. ''"^"snip he shall
section or quarter^ec*ion nnfni 1 ^' *^l°earest undisputed
such straight HnTinto such ^"-1''° T^ °'?'"°^' and divide
sections o? other egal subdiSn ""^ T^^*'"^ °^' ^"'^rtor.
in the original ^nrreyf.^^'jZl :: ^^^^^^^^^^
Corner rear a /"q ^ xp-^ a. , "-luwutu,
sr"'^^ -itiunra?;:f\"trnrp'te^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^
undisputed corners irnrT'^^^..^^'^ "^^^'^s^^
which case all quarter sec«onsav« fn h ^^^i^^^'^" Jine, in
chains, and the deficfencyor surnlas ^IJ^.f^ "^^^^^^ ^^^^y
left in the quarter-section^ad,^irg^Tecre'cLn ??^^^^^ ^^'
Comer near /'4 \ tt^^^ i i , '
th9 western „^Vu^ -c-xoept also where in establishintr ih^
js.?.' ss °Kt-re7 ":>" «'p -vo3^d*
corner onHer::V?«'7h£l~'"^'^^^^^^^^^
Towblp ^5''^;''"''''«™to«9»«ter^eotioni " '
Pr.™«..,. prev,ou^ to re-establUhing the'ttrin'o'Tti^
DOMINION LANDS ACT.
injon Land Sur.
i verify by such
f instraments for
ed lines.
Dominion Land
ny dividing line
r legal subdivis-
Qumont erected,
il survey to de-
^ or other legal
>e best evidence
specting such
position of the
then he shall
post or monu-
he shall report
••General, who
tor monument
iship, he shall
Bst undisputed
ine, and divide
"P or quarter-
mo contained
readth ;
ing the east or
f the nearest
tion line, in
exactly forty
case may be,
n line;
Wishing the
lip surveyed
, one of the
he western
'-sections are
7 or surplus,
stion I
ship corner
18 atbresaid,
tline of the
Corner on a
3t
undisputed co^r;s''"orrrii^i'r'ir"rr''\j"7°-"^^^
divide the distance into such MmhL * ,'"™'«'" ''"e. "nd
legal enbdivisione as the same nl^.- j ■' '""."""^ <"" "'iw
vey.giving to each an oqualZSr"" '° °"«""" '""
chai„sand,earLdXte„;;"'o,r„X";f»--tirf:rt'
m the quar.or.scotionadjoi?i.gZc";.o"u'on''linrr"^ '"'
dK"t'° ii.i^'^.X''*" "!? nearest undisputed corners on
townships shLu bf r? .tabS^r' ""^ °""'°° ''°"'"'' '""^
the meridian ./ "" ^' ^tablishej previous to re-establishing
tioTcornlre" J^.-^ When the lost corner is that of a nuarfpi-
.de, and ^^^S^^S^^^^^^;^^
Townsbips
surveyed un-
der the first
system of
survey.
surplus, as
section ;
uSiAu I f 7^^''^ ^° townships surveyed
under the firstsystem of survey, the lost corner i«
m the western row of sections of a townS in
which case the first quarter-sect on7s to be
made exactly forty chains, and the deficiency or
the case may be, left in .the western quTrter'
Se'merTan3 ,, ^J^'^^^^^ 1^« Position of one of the corners on
to be pre- J^e meridians is also lost, such meridian shall be
e^btb^Ja. rS'^t lFn~ ^^ - establishing thi
Corner re-
ne^red to be
the true
corner.
(12.) In all cases where a surveyor erects
Jo±^5Pl''''*°'T^' P^* «^ mo^numei^ras
hl'?lf?f^.*,^i:TT.^l««<^ 0' obliterated corner.
PVr^^^Pv^' ^htcorneT, Tdi^Sorr ?im^itt 1*^
lished shall be the true corner, or division or m f ^e C
section or other legal subKlivision ^"°'* ""^ '"'^
82
Method of
prooeedin^;
bj Dominioa
Land Surrej*
or in laying
out a Beotion,
half-section,
or qiiarter-
•eotiOD.
DOMINION LANDS ACT.
How Legal Subdivisions are to be surveyed.
111. When m the survey of legal Bubdivisions
a itominion Land Sarvoyor has to establish the
^t vision hoe between two sections, he shall effect
laiB by connecting by a straight line the op-
poflito original sectional corners, should these ox-
iHt, and should they not, by similarly connect-
ing the points established in renewal thereof
'» accordance with the preceding clause
giving in either case, the quartersoctiona involved an equal
breadth. In laying out a half or quarter-section he shall con-
nect the opposite quarter-section posts by straight lines In
laying out other and minor legal subdivisions he shall giVe to
any such subdivision Its proportionate share of frontage and
interior breadth, and connect the resulting terminal points bv
a straight lino. The linos or limits so drawn on the ground
m the manner above proscribed, shall, in the respective cases
be the true lines or limits of such section, half section or other
legal subdivision, whether the same shall or shall not cor-
respond with the area expressed in the respective patents for
such lands. ^
To draw Division lines in fractional Sections.
Dividing lines
to be drawn
from the
original
corner.
112. The dividing h'nos or limits between legal
Bubdivisions, in fractional sections, shall be drawn
from the original corners (or the points represent-
ing such corners, as defined on the ground, in ac-
cordanco with the provisions of this Act) in the
section line intended as the front of the lot ;
(2.) Northerly or southerly lines shall be drawn duo north
or due south ;
(3.) Easterly or westerly lines shall be drawn at an angle
with the meridian equal to the mean of the angles formed
with the same meridian by the lines which are the northern
and the southern boundaries respectively of the section.
^eyed.
:al Bubdivisions
) establish tho
, he shall effect
it line the op-
hould these ox-
larly connect-
iDowul thereof,
oding clause,
Ived an equal
1 he shall con-
<ht lines. In
3 shall give to
frontage and
inal points by
)n the ground
ipoctive cases,
3ction or other
shall not cor-
i^e patents for
between legal
shall be drawn
ints represent-
ground, in ac-
} Act) in the
ivn duo north
at an angle
angles formed
the northern
lection.
3
Dii
bla
lat
for
arc
by
sou
on
sue
noi
1
of
dial
not
oft
the
less
indi
Clos
blocl
on c
bloc
equj
ad jo
to ]
devi
oppc
the(
qnai
liokc
SURVEY
OF TH»
STANDARD MERIDIANS
AND
PARALLELS.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.
Dimensions of a ui i • ^ i » ,
blocks. -A- block 18 to be of the dimensions embracing
1 i', A ■ townships in longitude and the same in
latitude, or sixteen townships in all.
In accordance with the system of division prescribed by law
Z ^T'^'T ^^°^'' 1^' ^"'**^" ^°^ ^«»*«r» eiterlor boundaries
aie broken lines, each consisting of two meridians separated
«If l^^ ^^K ?u *^^ . correction line. The northern and
southern limits (base lines) are parts of a polygon described
on a parallel of latitude, by laying off, as cLKe?eto?tho
successive township sides, forming, as the case may bj the
northern or southern outline of the block.
The road allowances along meridians are in all cases to be
of the prescribed theoretic width, one chain. That the
distribution of excess or defect is among the sections and is
no applied to the roads, will not materially affect the azimuth
of those north and south lines involved; the displacoLrat
he extreraes-but two-thirds of a link on each mile-beinff
indiclte'' ""'^'"^'"^ chaining is at all accurate enough tS
Gloainffof mt .,, .
blocks. ^be surveyor will invariably close his block
..r, ««« -A !^?u correction line, projecting first the part
on one side of the correction line and then the other half o/the
block. The north and sodth error in closing is to be divided
equally between the two quarter-sections north and south of and
adjoining the correction line. In order to correct for it. and
to prevent the accumulation of errors, the surveyor may
debate tho ♦'«»»■« Koo« 15r»'»a -P 41-- ' L! ? J,"' *""J'
ae..aie si^ „„o ^,«oo xiHcS ut tuu noxc block equally and in
opposite directions, so as to effect the required correction at
the end of the four ranges. Supposing, for instance, the two
quarter-seotions adjoining the correction line to be each 20
links short, the closing error might be corrected in the next
3j
86
SrANDARD MERIDIANS AND PARALLELS
I '
block by deviating each base 21 seconds, the north base (a fk«
?oC't"hM''Z"'S r *" ""» ^r''- I' dts °„t ne s^a^r?
loiiow that the whole amount of the cloainir ownr. ia IT l^
So,f „f •. cause of the discrepancy and correct onlv for such
f„ b. tf '?° ''*''*"* "'" l'^^' ^s"™ the closins of the neit
bloclc. The jog on the con-oction line is to be left Zi. f=
f Ji® ^^""k^ surveyor will mark, on the correction lines onlv
bat'Sr^ ,. ^^«" it becomes necessary to deflect the base
except in clos ngona Principal Meridian, wS the last town'
tliZn' ^«^be connected with the^o^on the meS
by a trial line the deviation never extending beyond the ran^e
or fraction of a range adjoining the meridian^ ^
mZr' ,, ^he method of establishing the lengths and di
following:- '''''°''^'^' ^^'^^^^^ theWvey if to be the
All lines are to be twice measured. This shnll h^ «flv,„* j
and other notes, and posts planted. The foflowingS to be
u^vd solely as a control, is to be a 100 feet chain '
\\ hen, at a section or quarter-sectiou corner fhA fi,Qfo«n«c,
registered by the respective chainings for the length o^^^^^^^^^^
quarter section side, diflPer. in prairie country, inorf than twa
links, or in woods and brush, more than thr^ee Tnks the two
sets of chainmen shall return to the last post and meisure ov^?
again, repeating their measurements un^l accordance wUWa
t^elimit here prescribed is attained.
Where the surface is so broken or uneven that it would bA
s"tXrSt,t!?r;T^'i.'i«-'^--. "-d the'^r:!'1n':
the&lutel7ngt"h^tl.;1;ie;;arc^^^^^^^
opntinning to establish the direction and carry on the nCne
..on of his Ime in the u,„al manner, shall h^a™ re™K to
1 base to tihe
t necessarily
iTor is to be
account the
ilyfor such
? of the next
>ffc such as
Q one chain
which case
>wed for the
lino is also
1 lines, only
nted by the
ct the base
•r latitudes,
bo received
and shall be
correction,
3 last town-
e meridian
I the range
ths and di
to be the
be effected
continuous
ength of a
ographical
hain, to be
I distances
th of the
than two
i, the two
asure over
oe within
would be
fore, in a
mation to
yor, while
e produc-
coarse to
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS'
31
case mflv Ion A,-r!, +V -^ I ^ X. ^ *°® necessities of the
=Udlh^rti: '^^u^-it i.te&;Li^r:
angles are zneasured than when they are laTd out '"
chS'"^ ^.T\® r,"'T^^? ?'^^^^ ^'"^vo a standard chain with
fully a ch^in ° """^-^"^'"^ ^°' "^•^''^^"^'^d ^^ Novembei-;
foJTempMa- ^^"^"^ Ordinary summer weather, however, the
'"''• f hf f i'°"' ?' *«'?Pe^'ature would, compared with
the order of precision of the work general Iv C
inapprec,able,yet they mist not be entirelTnei^^^^^^^
temperature crror'niight, in any given casefSeTfo have
the eame sign as other uncorrected constants orVcl]^n7.}
errors, whoso effect it would then sotTTf.rLv7te^^^^^
rdd'otZs/n^th'^^ ^"' i^-^^-bt^enrtfc^\1e"acUh ;e!
wou d not lessen the inaccuracy of position of the boundary
monument planted under the first condition. ^^^unaary
vaialioTof^O'^aid'nl^^^^^^^^^ '^'' correction for all
IJ^l^i. .u u . °'^®^'' ^^^^ *bo normal temperature of 60<>
for which the chains are compared or adjusted to standard
This he can conveniently do, by allowing half a link ?o the
mile for each ten degrees Fahr, not attempting to note ove.lt
¥ht *i?,fTP«''^;5?''« or his chain to less th!n ten degrees
This will keep his corrections in the convenient foi-m of
multiples of ha f links, and render tables unneces a?y. "^
A thermometer attached to the end of a chain near the hand
[n 11^ ^Tu'^' temperature of the rest of the cha'-n; fastened
to the middle and allowed to drag on the ground it is Hable to
thetiial, and comparing the temperature attained by the
38
STANDARD MKRIDIANS AND PARALLELS.
Correction
for inclina-
tion.
thermometer 80 placed with that of the air, or indioatad hv .
teaThXe't'oft^e *«,}"' '"^'"K''' Z''^ ohatofa rough
r»„,i„ -^^ , -2 . *''* »'lowancea that should, in Draotino %^
m!r ' <i'""°S "" '■■dications of the latter, or in ?adelv ««ti
mat,,^^the temperature of the ehain from'th'at' oi tXfai
iog''mrii^i:tt:.ff ^eV'o^r d^f ° tif ? "''t."'"-
and some bvass plates cut to the width if the cK nl?«^
can be punched through the steel band and the repa ?"effSed
with two fish plates riveted together with the cha?n
Besides the small plummet line that should be
carried by the chainmen to enable them to fjet
«a«-afn 4- 1, ^.T^^^^'^ P^^^ ™>»or irrcgukrities of surfaco tho
assistant should carry an Abney or LoJke pocket level clinom!
eter by which he can obtain the inclination and irus nermTt
the chainmen to use the more accurate method of cha'nKn
the inclined surface, instead of the one requiring them to Lw
thejr Cham level and entailing a continuous^ rertitfon of
plumbing down from the high end to the pin in the ground.
Use^of clino- In using his clinometer, the assistant will stand
standing at f\/nfi, ^""^ f the slope, one of the chainmen
standing at the other ond, and he will sight through the
wh ori" n*^.'^"? P^"^ «^*^^ chainman's body, the heght of
Zh^^-^L^fu-^'^'' previously ascertained to be the same
as the height of his own eye. Such point will easily be tou^d
by using the clinometer at zero, the assistant and^chainman
standing close together and on the same level. "'"^^'"'"^^
how'STd ,„ .'^^^ field-books supplied to surveyors contain a
in the Field ^^f^'e ol the Correction per chain for given ano-Ie^i
Book. of slope, and also a form for applying the corfec!
. f ^ . i-°°'. *^ ^'^° chainage. The fiVst number to be
used o/°tl!'''' ^T '"^f"' ^^"«^'^' ^" J^^ks of The chain
-- ~—i ■,— a-,jii.3ica ii/f loDgtii it is ad lusted so »«» tn ha.
standai;dat60°Fahr.; the number to be Entered is then the
theoretic length of the quarter-section, forty chains or foi^y!
one chains as the ca-ie may bo. When 'it cannot berijusted
s.
idicated bj a
lain, a rough
1 practice, De
» rudely esti-
oi the air at
le chain dur-
lin will have
pall J in dry
influence; a
ban a bright
I fact cannot
[n case such
bo provided
opper rivets
ain. Holes
air effected
n.
t should be
them to get
surface, the
>vel clinom-
i-hus permit
chaining on
lem to hold
•petition of
' ground.
1 will stand
chain men
hrough the
e height of
the same
Y be found
chainman
i contain a
ven angles
;ho coi'i'ec-
nber to be
the chain
rVhen the
as to be
1 then the
i or forty-
3 a Ijusted
OENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
3»
the surveyor ascertains its length at eo^'Pahr. by comparisoa
With a standard, and computes the number of links of his chain
required to give, at the above temperature, the proper length
to the quarter-section. With a chain too ling, L Sumber of
links will be less than the true length and vice versa. This
number being entered in the Field Book form, the corrections
£ «HhK ""'V^ "^^^^'^ underneath; they a^e in all cases ?o
link to i« nTJ'f ""'"'f ^°. ^^' temperature, one-quarter of a
link to the quarter-section for every ten degrees Fair, is to be
entered next ; it is added when the thermSmeter ?s btiow 6o'
and subtracted when above the same.
n,ilV?!a^'''^f of the quarter section, the algebraic sum of the
quantities entered will show the number of chains and links to
be actually measured on the ground in order to give to the
^t ^""^ '-n ^^««V^°^i^'' '^^^y^^ forty-one chains. ^The sam^
process will be followed to find the distance to be measured™
the section corner. oi^ic* iv.
It will be seen that the distance for the topography, beinff
of the correction to the chainage. This quantity beinff
generally small, may be neglected for the topograph/ but the
posts should be entered at their true distances. ^
;n«rl^®'^^.,l^^,!'^^'°^?^*^^°^^® scopes and correcting for
^clmation will be applied only with the Gunter's chail, by
which posts are planted and boundaries ascertained: the 100
feet Cham, being solely as a control, will be used in the
bfievJiler"''^'"' ^'^^^•"g c^ai" w^en its full length cannot
ated'du"^" When the distance across' an obstacle is deter-
tances to be J^}°f ^ J^ » triangle, the surveyor mnst be care-
checked, tul to check it by another independent operation,
«,.«. .^^ another triangle or a micrometer measure-
Ztcha'nage?' '"'^"'"^ *' the principle of double indepen-
If a second triangle be adopted, having the side to be calcul-
a ed common with the first triangle, it will be sufficient to set
up the instrunaent at both ends of this side; any error in the
angles would be shown by the calculation In all triangles
tlr^-^^^t ""T''"^. *^ *?" ^^'^ '^^^^ ^^ «a»«d B, the angle
opposite to the side to be calculated and the third one A
?4o'wh?i!!*'°°f '' ^ ?u^ ""^^ according to the form given on
20 1 Th H-""? ^^ ? ^^ specimen of field notes (op|o8ite p.
«n+l^«J"! ri!""'^^°^ to the near side of the obstruction being
entered at the proper place, it is only necessary to fill the form
to have the distance to the far side . From this last point the
chainmen start with the number of tallies and pins and the
fraction of chain found by the calculation. ^
STANDARD M^r.^DlANS AND PARALLELS.
Trianolb No. 43
Obaerved Angles. Cormcted Angles.
9.442
1')g. b=i
0.97606
COSO'!. B=5
0.08168
si a. C=i
9.93450
log. c=
o.;t»oi24
c=.-
9,800
ruction;=
f 0.050
0.72321
0.09S61
9.97054
!.
9.442
9.850
6.287
0.72321
0.09361
9.97054
0.792C3
6.200
37.000
43.200
INSTRUMENTS.
41
Snrveyoi to
pass roi.fAii
largo lakes or
^ Should the extension of a block line bo hindered
....^- .„...„. .)y a very large lake or marsh, the surveyor may
•leepinardhes, }'^iss round the same projecting for the purpose
. he adjacent township lines. In working round
jii tliiB way I,, arrive at and take up the continuation of the
block line on the opposite side of the obstruction, the sur-
veyor will legularly post off atd mark out all township
section and quarter-scclion corners on the several lines, repoA'
mg the encumstance fully and sending all the field notes of such
addiiionnl woik forwaid with the i^turns of survey
Instruments.
Description
of transit
theodolite.
The surveyor in charge shall have a reiter-
ation transit theodolite, with a six-inch horizontal
circle reading by threr verniers to 0°00t, and a
three-inch vertical circle with two verniers to 0°.02 as a
nnder for stars in day time.
The telescope has an objective of one and a half-inch
diameter, and nine inch focus, supplied with direct eye pieces
of power equal to 12, 18 and 32 for terrestrial work, and a
diagonal eye piece with powers of 30 and 60 for star work In
using his instrument, the surveyor should always employ the
highest power compatible with satisfactory definition The
instrument is provided with three verniers, because, by revers-
ing the telescope and turning the azimuth plate 180^ readings
will be obtained on the same object, at six equidistant points
ot the circle, thus tending to eliminate periodical errors of
graduation to the.same extent as an instrument having six
verniers. • ■ - b ° -*
Decimal
graduation
The degree is subdivided decimally, instead of,
as usual, into minutes and seconds, in order to
facilitate the taking of a mean of a number of
readings of the three verniers, and to lessen the chances of
blunder, in so doing, by substituting the more familiar
process of division of quantities counted by tens to the
less familiar one of dividing quantities counted by sixties
A small magnetic needle, attached to the instrument, is use-
lul in finding stars in day time, when the surveyor may happen
to be elsewhere than on a line of known azimuth. , ^^
Assistant's The aaai^tint '"ill ^-> -; ?.-i^j — '^^ "a
instrument -^«'« '^"-^isiaxii rriii uo piuvidcu wun a reiter-
ation transit having a four-inch horizontal circle
reading to minutes or to 0°.01 ; it will be used
tor measuring the angles of small triangles, laying out
oflsets for passing obstacles on the line, measuring the bear-
I
iH I
43
STAXDARD MEarDlANS AND PARALLELS.
Pocket chro-
nometer or
watch for
astroaoniical
work.
«nd gonorallv to Hn i(,„V to bo oponod out id tho bush,
stru™ntus«Ii„thoproduetion„^f,hn„r '"" ''"'^'" '"•
5uaiitya„d;„x;^tcot"w r rh:;":rfttr/°f '°«k!"
for tho purpose. ^ ^^^'''^ ^^ Josirablo
well mted to witfS\h:'lav ^abi: ^issT
or climbing ovo^thSt unl « ^."^^^S?"' "^'^^"S on horseback,
In J>Hnpin% down from nil ^/,FO'^t'-*te trees in a windfall
esca^om'ent^is vryHabTeto c/tcfTn'd"-^^ ''« ««^^'^' '^^
pointofoneoftheCsLno wh««ir <i!" "^^^^ '^ injure tho
useless till repair:i by%M&ul wV''''' ^'''^'^^^^^ ^^^ ^^'^^
haWng';^^^^^^^^^^ well-made lever watch,
in temporatu,re, of opposit ext*'!*"*' ^T '^^J^°^«^ *« *"«
and carefully adiu toK ^Id ^f^'' '^^ ^'*'?^*'^S and 80 Fah,
good hard Bro^n ot haJr smint lZ\'''"'-fT 'J" ^""^^^ »°d with
that is to 8aj,Ve'n^Yv trii?^'r" '^'''t^"^P^'«P^rJyp5°ned»
fastened at such pofnt7in Tts L.tK''""°*J°°.^'*^ its balance
and terminal cur?r as to sJir«^-' T^ ^/^^'^ «"«^ ^^^t''"
balance. ' ^^ ^^^'^^^ isochronal vibrations of tho
toTho"d":fng%*rw:r '4rc7mf;\7^^^^"^- '' --*--
varying the ?o^tirofThetatcKoL'?oT'T''^ ?"°^ '^^
the length of arcs of vibration Produce change in
differrctTtty'li^t^^^^^^^^ ^^-^ ^-^^ «" the
twenty-four hours in each of th« J- "^''^r^^ running it for
on face, on edge XaT^yl l^: fi^ll^^^^^^^
Azimuth of
lines.
■Directions.
the base, of the tow\r:?;":^rdt^'t rt^'^^J^nM
DIHECTI0N8.
48
ing to the
in the bash,
h Bafficient
larger in-
•0 provided
forming in
IS dosirablo
good lovor
ono with
is noL 60
l>lo vicissi-
wearer la
horseback,
windfall,
addle, tho
injure tho
the vratch
Jr watch,
>d to trial
iSOFah.,
and with
7 pinned,
> balance,
)h initial
ms of tho
ssistance
done by
hange in
8 all the
ng it for
)n back,
xteriors
It with
It; but,
;he four
med by
el, tho
azimuth varies with the progression along a chord from ono
corner of a township to tho other, because the direction of tho
hue 18 the same throughout, whilst that of each successive
meridian to which it is referred, differs from tho direction of
any proceeding one by the amount of their convergence.
Eeckoning azimuth from zero at the north point round
through oast, south and west,~90^ 180° and 270o,-and rep-
resenting the convergence of the two meridians forming tho
east and west outlines of a township by C, the azimuths of the
chord forming its base would, at each successive section cor-
ner, beginning at the eastern corner of tho township, and ffoini:
westward, be 270 + |. 270 + •^, 270 + %, 270, 270-1''^, 270-^;
%*^'~"7» the deflection angle between a chord produced and
the next one equalling C.
-^^^?^^"*°<^'*y given in tho accompanying geodetic tables
JNos. Iltand IV, under tho heading of "chord azimuth," is
equal to 90° — ?,-, which substracted from 3G0° gives tho above
quantity 270° + Vj. C is given in tho=o tables under tho head-
ing " Deflection."
sVrmi?ng'*t; , . T^o referoaco of lines to an astronomic meri.
be made on "'^"' ^" order to obtain their direction, or to
Polaris. check the accuracy of their production, shall,
as a rule, bo made by observations on Polaris.
The telescopes used being amply powerful to show stars of
the second magnitude within a few hours from noon, and stari
of tho third magnitude in twilight when it is still clear
«:nough to lead the graduation, the observations shall be taken
m day time, whenever practicable.
Besides avoiding tho errors peculiar to all artificial illumin-
ation, and likely to be specially developed in the case of field
work m unsheltered positions, and with light from reading
lamps held by hand, inconstant in direction ar-' nsteady, da:^
light observations have the advantage that tuey are conve-
niently made with the instrument at one of the stations for the
ordinary production of the line, and during its progress, with-
out materially, if at all, interfering therewith. Day observa-
tions also give tho surveyor more time in evening in camp for
their reduction, and for checking his own and his assistants'
work gcnoi ally.
In observing for R-t.^ath^ the surveyor will
Programme
aerving. r^JQp^; the following pcogramme:
The instrument being in the position which places the ver-
tical circle to tho observer's right hand when looking throuo-h
the telescope, it will be directed to tho reference object and
the verniers read, then to the B le Star, noting the time of
pointing and the reading of the orniers. The level of tho
I
41
STANDARD MKaiDIA.VS AND PARALLELS.
Causes of
error— jield.
log of stand.
to thoPolo star, the lovo roco^^o 1 °n'l ^' to escopoisdiror-tcd
precise direction of the tH^' iji will il/rr^'V'^ '^ '" ^^^
help of the quantities given in Tnh.v''^ ^'"'^ '* «» by
require any explanation.^ " Table VJ. Its u-<e doe. not
whenturn°^ttht C^l^^ ''f'^ '''^"'^ be t'liken
to use the same for^uv^llucZZTll' ''T'^ l^ ^^"^'
every pair of pointinL's in «Vml •.™°*'^" throughout for
which is intended to bo read ^ff^f ''°' ^^'^ angle between
tends to obviate the effec^of any vield^^r"'" .''^"'^- ^his
stand to that part of the imrml^*^ i? ^ '? ^^° instrument
down through the footscre^sCthn /.'^^ "^'",^^'^* P«««««
much-used ibrms of stand Thi.ni ^f "^ ^'^^- ^n some
and as there is no rortaintv il If "' *^ -^ '^^^''^^'° ^^^ent,
" untwisting," the stand'" "uLslx^ -^""^''"^ ^^'^'^ or'
serious errors are to be anmXnlH -^ ?. ^^''^'^^^^ position,
utmost care is taken. aKco of • '"^Mn^^''' "'^' ""^^^« ^he
of foot screws in their nuts Th« ^- T '^'' ^'''<'^' ^« looseness
last should always be sc led ^7 o tiXTJ ' t^^'"^ ^^^^^^
levelling screw turaing stiffly in^,}f« 'T% ""^ ^^ ave the
mayentail more rapid wearotM:h«i^! ^"t- J^^^'^n th gh this
to the observer in brinS mStf ^'' V '"'^ ^e less convenient
bubbles to their desTred^;o?i?ion th^' """^ '^-^^^ "^^^^3^' t>i« leve
warrants it. position, the cortrinty that it ensures
•Direction of rpi ^ .
motion of tan- ^^"^ont screw should alwnv^ Ka +.,
gen. .ore.. as t push .gainst its oou„t:!.;reX r
spring might M'?otrbac"L*thr''P"'\''- '"-
PO
be-
the
)nce
rva-
tion and the reading of fhn •''''* ^'^tween t. e oi rva-
dragoftheverShtwi laTs'o'r; f^'"l? *^'^^'^ ^« ^^7
sure, as the motion v.il aTwavs b«^nT '* "^f-^""^ **^« °^oa-
always be in the same direction.
purpose
Observations
with a two
vernier in-
strument.
u
the lower limb
imiifh u +k . . ■•""'^ ^"1 tue purpose
'muth, if the instru..,ent be a repeti
r IRECTIONS.
4ft
If.
tion ono; 120° by lifting it oflf stand, and changing footscrews
one interval round, if it bo a reiteration in«trument,° 'rone
which has no motion of lower limb.
Reference Ob- The reference object for azimuth work, whether
« u 11 /° . ^"y ^'""^ ^ I'^^''^ot on tiio lino, or at niirht
Lm r^K ^""'''°' '^°"^^ *''' '^ P^^'*^*^'^' ^t J^^^^t half a mile
irom the observer.
Such a lantern having to slide on over the lens a tin can
across which thoro is a vertical slit having an opening in width
of _ about quarter of an inch, makes un^exceRont reference
In the case of night observations, the angle between line and
reference object is to be dotermined before observi , Td not
hn' fJ' ^^°'.'''^^"^''*^"^ subjecting the reference ' object to
the risk of accident or removal.
Surveyora to
observe for
8zimutD
every clear
day
more than
interferiri'' with the
Surveyors are expected to observe for azimuth
every clear day. With proper care in tiansport-
ing the instrument, the levels will seldom get
nnuch out of adjustment, and then the complete
observi. .on for azimuth as above does not requiro
ten miL >s; generally it can be done without
4„i u .\ u "^''^^ ^^ 'choline. The reduction will
take about lifteen minut It is hoped that with the forms
Lrf hh' '"PP.'r "^ urveyor., the work has been mado^o
should JaiHy^xitf '^ ''^"' '' thefrequency of observation
Watch error. The watch error is required for the redaction
of the obsei vations ; it may be found ver\- simnlv
when on the line, by placing the telescope in the meridian
and observing the transit of a star. The time thus deduced
18 sufficiently accurate for the purpose. "«uuoea
When not on the line, the transit of a star through the
vertical ot Polaris naay be observed, and the time found hv
toUowing the directions given in the explanation of Table VIL
Ihe ooseryations for time are entered in the form at the end
01 the book of record of astronomical observations.
J&nor ?^^5!:^^"r^°"/ ^.'^J«i«° of the level is re-
the Urel. ^.'^^^^ "^® reduction of azimuth observations
1 . „ , . ^°tain this, the level is placed on the azimuth
plate parallel to the plane of revolution of the telescope and
a rod, with two ma rs unon it. is T.ia'>ed Tr-w,f,v.„ii„ ^* J
tain carefully measured 'distance from' the instrument and'
in the duection of one of the foot screws. The bubble is
brought, by turning the foot screws, close to one end of the
tube, and the telescope directed to one ot the marks on
49
STANDARD MERIDIANS AND PARALLILS.
lnt;d'un?n ?h"Yoltr 'l d'^ ?7' ^^^' --- - then
and the dlsnlacImenroT^K^K^Kff^^^ t*^ ^''^ other mark
between theSnatl« of the In"J«f ' ".k*"'!- '^^^ ^'^''^"^'^
be deduced from fhe distance of ti? \^^^ ^''l
between its marks jdivlSithvf^^ ^^d and the interval
pt^lr""' "" ^-"^"-it'jfteTiWH^^^^^ ''"^'^'^^ °^
azTmulh* ^°' Surveyors are at liberty to use anv fnrmnio ^
forms and taKeTcouMVofr^'"^ '""'k ^^^--^[i^ntl' ^^
following fol.murarJtrn'Jd.n'7oVr ^'"-^ ^^^'^oaJiC
gard to future referencrit s^dl^.«M ?k^"'^?.''^'^'^^ '■^'
should adopt it; '*''^®'^°*'' '^ "* desirable that all surveyors
Tun >!*— ^a" -P^ oo sin f.
^— tan P~tun <^ coa t.
•simuih ob. .. ■■" ,'"' ''"^"> of record of astr-onomical nl,»„n„o
circle i„,e, H.tri 'r t'rrta[?"r' ''"!i° "■«"»«
2end^.t.e\AT.otJel^rS;^
[^ (W— E) X value of one division]
multiplied by the inclination factor.
will give it forr^'^'telrSr. '"' '"'-P"""-" « aight
respondiDfir logarithm. 5 ja +« h"^^^-"^ ?.®^ - ^^e cor-
*• tat. F sec As f '» when i is 00^1);'"''^'^ '.''^ logarithm of
orlShaTifl sTh. ,*;„* i. T.^ comprised between 0" and 6"
DIBECTIONg
rew IB then
3thor mark
' difTpionco
8itiorj8 will
do interval
divibions of
formula or
18, but, as
lethod, the
0, with re-
surve^-ors
4t
' angle re-
observa-
I'opresent
^ight and
r, II. O.
lUth.
west and
al to the
H. c. n.
it side is
d when
y in the
at sight
n Table
sing afl
'he cor-
ithm of
and 6",
?ed be>
The following examples, one in each quadrant of a rovolutiott
of the Pole star will show how the calculation in to bo made :
Ex Eeqmrod for the 6th July, 1880, at a point on the Oth
base line, or 20 townships north of the 49th parallel, the azi-
mulh of rolaris for hour angles of i*" 10 "', 9** 32'" IG'' 44'" and
For t - 2h. ICm.
For<
= 9h. 32m.
Tfto P (snnu&l table)
8.36640
8.3G640
8 36640
8.36640
Sec .^ (Table V)
0.19877
Tan*, 0.08772
0.19877
0.08772
8in<
9 73023
8.29539
Ooi <, 9.92603
9 77946
8.34463
9 90235
8.38016
8.35667
Subt. log (Table XII)
+0.01030
As = — 1.1581
—0.00976
833487
1
■^*B As... Ill, .a,,
8.30669
Az=— 1.2366
Por t = 16b. 4^m.
! For < =
= 19h. 62m.
Taa P (annual table)
8.36640
8.36640
8.36640
8 36640
Seo ♦(Table V)
Hint
0.19877
9 97567
8.64084
Tan *, 0,08772
Cos t, 9.61264
19877
0-08772
9.94593
8.51110
9.C7161
7.96676
8.12673
Subt. log (Table XII)
—0.00400
+0 00676
Tan Az.
8 53634
Az== 1.9715
8.51686
Az=4.1.8829
Tho log. tan. Az. is transformed into logarithm of the arc hv
.7^1 azimuth by account, when the E. O. is one of pickets
The direction of the line is corrected by placinif the instru-
men a certain number of inches from its^lormei^osH on at
right angles to the line. This offset is found hy SXi^l
the distance of the back picket by tho tangent of the co^rS
48
STANDARD MERIDIANS AND PARALLELS.
SPECIMEN OF EECORD OF
Place, 45 cb3.E. of N.E. corner Sec. 31, Tp. 28, R. 17, W. of 2nd M.
Face.
Object
observed.
Chronometer
Time.
Horizontal circle reading.
A. B. 0.
R.
R. 0.
Polaris.
h. m. s.
13 63 25
173082
83-445
080
443
084
447
L.
Polaris.
13 56 33
•473
475
477
R. 0.
173-079
082
084
Chr. Time.
13 53 25
13 56 33
Tan. P.
Chr. Error.
— 2 13
13
1
2 13
Sec. and tan. *
Sid. Time.
Polaris R. A.
13 51 12
1 15 43
54 20
15 43
[Sin. and cos. t
Sum.
t
12 35 29
12 38 37
Subt. log.
Log. 7S2.
Log. tan. corr.
Log. distance.
2.89873
bac
6.68904
1.80380
Distance of
kpicket=53-65ch3.
Tan. Az.
Log. T.
Log. Az.
Az.
Log. offset.
Offset in inch.
0.39157
2.46
H. 0. R. on star.
True North.
TABLE OF INCLINATION FACTORS.
a. 0. R. on R. 0.
No. of
Township.
Oh or 24
Houri
^ 3h or 211'
mgle of F
6'' or ISh
*olaris.
9h or 15'
' 12h
Azimuth R. 0.
Mean.
20
1.20
1.28
1.18
1.25
1.15
1.23
1.12
1.20
1.10
1.17
Az. by account
Correction.
40
1.37
1.34
1.30
1.28
1.25
60
1.46
1.42
1.39
1.36
1.33
80
1.56
1.52
1.13
1.4S
1.42
084
3
447
5
477
2
084
DIRECTIONS.
AZIMUTH OBSERVATIONS.
Date, 21st July, 1881. One division of level = 0-0011 '
49
7.74580
1.75812
9.50392
0.3191
83.4469
83.1278
173.0820
89.9542
8.36465
0.09855
999381
7.78226
1.75812
9.54033
0.3470
83.4769
83.1299
173.0817
8.45701
TABLE OP LOO T.
89.9518
89.9530
89 9502
.0028
Tan, Az.
7,875
8.045
.137
.207
.259
.299
.335
.366
.391
.415
.435
.454
■ .472
.490
.505
.519
.532
.544
.666
.667
.579
.588
.698
.608
.617
log. T.
1.75812
11
10
09
08
07
06
05
04.
03
02
01
00
.75799
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
I
4
60
STANDARD MERIDIANS AND PARALLELS.
! I
Record of
azimnth ob-
Bervfttions to
be part of the
luiurua.
Tho observations will bo entered in the note
book of astronomical observations at the time
they are made, tho calculations made cither in
pencil or in ink, and tho book will bo sent in as part
(See spccimenVigo'' 48.)" ''''''''''' '^' ''^^ "'" ^^ ''''^''''
Production of
the line.
Production of Line.
mtee"'^* , J" P^'o^ucing tho lino the survoyorwill employ
employed. ^ut one flagman, a forward pickotman ; a back
1 r. 1 1.- "'''g'"^" i» "ot nocoseary, as tho surveyor can have
loft by his men at each of his instrument stations a picket
which he can sot himself before leaving it. ^
Pickets. Perfectly strailn;ht pickets are not indispons-
ablo; a part of tho picket, exactly in the line
may be indicated by some visible mark and only this part used
in the production of the lino. ^ ^
nin^J'fJ/T'''' "^T'r '''" o^^^a^y surveying picket, about
nine feet long, and torminatod at tho lower end by in iron
point exactly in tho axis of tho picket. A small bubble, placed
at right angles to the axis would bo a valuable adjunct to en-
sure verticality. "^
When the flagman comes to tho place where a
new station is to be established, the surveyor will
A , u gj^e^ him roughly the direction of the line. A
wooden slab, held to the ground by two small wooden pins or
by stones on the ends, will then be placed at right angles to the
line at the point determined as above and in all subsequent
operations, the picket will be held on the slab, and its position
marked with a pencil. ^
In setting a point forward on his line, the surveyor will be
caroful never to do it in one position only of his instrument : in
all cases, first making his back and forward sights circle rieht
then reversing his instrument, repeating them circle left, Ind
haying his flagman so instructed that the latter shall consider
he has to make in each a separate and independent settinff of
his picket between which, if there be any diff-erenco, thesur-
veyor is carefully to mark the middle-poin t Then the process
IS to be once repeated, so that there shall be two pointings in
each position of tho instrument on the back and forward
.v_=.v-^ jtccjjcunvcij, ur uignc pomiingg in all.
The same rule as to the reversion and number of pointings
18 to oe observed in off-setting the line to get past lon| reaches
unfavorable to chaining or triangulation
PaODircTlO.V OP LINE.
61
It will be seen that the slab ought to bo of such a length as
to allow play for collimation. K"" aa
?o«h.'8"t°°ned „ ^^ deflection angles at township corners on
off by dtflec- !"<^ ^ase lines can be turned off" without any read-
tionofficts. ing of the graduation, by using the "deflection
nff.nf • *u ^f'*^^, ^''''''" ^" '^^^^'^^ I^I' This deflection
off-set ,8 the length, at the distance of one chain, of tho
fSnif . "^ deflection angle, or the angle between the chord
forming a township side and the next chord. When tho sur-
veyor comes to a township corner, tho last picket before the
corner IS p^ced south of the line, at a distance equal to the
deflection ofi-set of Table III, multiplied by tho distance from
the corner, and the instrument, instead of being set up over
the forward point previously ascertained, is placed north of tho
line at a distance equal to the deflection oflsot multiplied by the
number of chains between the instrument and the corner The
line 18 then produced from the back picket in tho ordinary
manner. '^"•■jr
Supposing, for instance, that it should be required to turn off
the angles at a township corner on the seventh base line, tho back
pi.kot being 12 chains behind the corner and the instrument 15
^t 1 9 1 i^?nT ^^1 o nT*? T"^"' ^^^° ^^^^ P'^'^^t will bo planted
at IJXl 501 or 18 01 inches south of the line, and the Jnstru-
ment set up at 15x1.501, or 225 1 inches to the north.
S^JeJoSs , ^* J^ ^^^^^'r^ of the block, the surveyor will
ofabxock. l^^^ tiie required angle approximately, and the
flagman will hold his picket at the point so deter-
mined, while the surveyor measures accurately tho angle
thus turned ofl', in the manner explained below for measuring
the angles of triangles. If the angle is not what it should
be, the direction of the line will be corrected by off'settinff
the instrunaent at the next station. ^
B
D
—t-
Fig. 15. .
Should the corner fall in such a place that the angle could
not be measured correctly, as for instance at B (Fig. 15) ono
of the stations, C, being too near the corner, the surveyor will
have the angle at B approximately turned oflf by his assistant
4J
53
STANDARD MERIDIANS AND PARALLELS.
the „o,t eMioE %] ^iZZ.fl'cT'^^ttZZZ'^'^
offfetiing tho ™8tr»r„*tfi D '"''''"■' " '"'^' '' "^""^^ "^
2 4 fi s S^ n ^' ' ^' '^^•' ^""^ ^"^ t'lQ other the even onea
atStanfd ' ?"* ^ssu-^iDg for instance the obseiZ- to be
at station 6, and representW bv the IfiftAi. ,. nwT ?.
azimuthal circle readings, corrfsnond nl ^. \l^ respective
pointing, on the statio^n\SThoBe ^umbei ^h^lT'^^"
placed, the series of readin^rs wouW bo - ^^"^'' '^
Circle 3
L
St. 4.
((
((
r
r
r
r
St. 3.
r
r
o
o
St. 5.
r
r
r
r
St. 7.
r
r
V
V
St. 9.
r
r
o
o
St. 8.
r
r
r
r
i\
Vc
'8
St. 4.
r
r
r
r
8 o '
^5
'5
~i~, &C., &c.
And for one of the trianf^los .^ 4 r? +>,« „ i ...
betweonthedirection8 6tu3,and1-Vo4%:^°^'° "' '^'^^•^"■<^'
3-a-4 = cf4 ~^3.
The direction of the diuc/onals 6 ^ nnri p o
butonco in each position hflr.^.t ii, ^'? ^''o taken out
culationof Hides^ bi tonlv^f . ^ f ^ "''^ intended for cal.
have occurrersuch as s ^h n'o. r^ ""^V ^ S^^«« ^^^^r may
detecting by eombinln^^^hn^ •n^^J^J'^^* "^* a station, in
inv^o!ved%t^.haTSatnVe':rL
ti^e. eecurel, ^d^aJ^rvS^ 2^tkl^^^^
REPORTS AND RETORNS
53
ment over these station marks when observing. Any neelect
in this respect completely neutrah'zes the approxSaSoi to
SownT/f^' '' ''"^'^ ^' ^y ^^^ reiteration oF^the ZS^^^
down in the programme. °
lieports and Jieturns.
Monthly Re. Bioek surveyors .hall send reports of progress
at intervals as nearly monthly as circumstances
will allow; such reports to be accomnanied hv
sketches, on the scale of six miles to the inch, TThTprinted
forms supplied, Bhewing in red the lines lun update
the deviations of the base lines, the depth of quarter-secSons
adjoining die correction lines and the length V the Son
correction hnes.^ The general character of the surroufdinff
country shall be indicated by the following tints:- "^
Bush,— green.
Prairie and bluffs,— small patches of green.
Prairie,— blank. ^
They will also inform the township outlines surveyors work-
mg within their blocks, of the 'depth of quar ter-sert^ns
adjoining the correction lines, the length of the jogs cf the
correction hnes and the deviations of the block linesf
S?ns.^'" ^^^^ fi"^l "t^''n« of the survey will consist
1. A diary for the time the surveyor has been employed,
innw °*l i^® survey, pn the scale of forty chains to the
Th^n /^' /«^°^« /"PPl^ed. They will show all the W
graphical features of the country crossed by the block lines Tn
Pirst"^ art r' ^""^^^"^^^ *"'' subdivision surveys. (See § 102.
3. A copy of the field notes.
4. The record of astronomical observations.
6. The formulas of oath for chainmon, duly sworn to.
6. A general report of the surver.
SUKVEY- OF THE TOWxVSHIP OUTLINES.
Instruments,
The instrument to be used for the survey of the township,
outlines shall be a transit theodolite with a vortical circle botf
ann nl^'^'°f A'""^' t ''^'''''' ^' '^^^^ ^e insp cted and
approved by the head office.
Method of subdividing Blocks.
In surveying the meridian exteriors, the survevor will com*
mence at one of the township corners of the base'line
He will carefully measure one or two miles of the base be-
fore beginning the subdivision of the block ; this will enable him
to compare his chaining with that of the lines previously run.
i; J ^^"dian is to be carried only as far as the correction
line where a temporary post is left. The corresponding
meridian 18 then surveyed from the townsliip corner on thi
next base to the same correction line, and the jog run between
the ends of the two meridians, on the proper azimuth. Tho
north and south closing error is distributed equally between
the two quarter sections, adjoining and on each side of tho
«^^'rif\ ^°^^u'^ as to make both quarter-sections of the
^fltT^\ ?rl'^?'"^' ^^'' township corners are now per-
manently established. ^
No posts are to be planted by the surveyor of township out-
lines, between the township corners on the correction line.
moS'tr" .■^'^y difference in the chainage of two meridians
will cause corresponding deviations in the east
*^^ c u i°'^™^''°®s.P'Di°g the same; great care should
therefore be bestowed on the measurements. Chesterman's
steel band chain shall be used and every precautioa taken to
ensure accuracy.
Limitof error. The mean average deviation of any twelve miles
• meridian should not exceed one minute and thirty
seconds, but smgla errors may be larger, if frequent observa-
tions are taken. Being distributed according to the law of
accidental en-ors, they will, in a certain measure, compensate
Observations
for azimuth.
The direction of the line with reference to the
astronomical meridian will be readily obtained by
observing the sun's altitude before or after noon. If the
SUBDIVIDING OP BLOCKS.
65
telescope is reversed during the observations, so as to eliminate
instrumental errors, this method will give all the accuracy re-
quired, and will exempt the surveyor from having to take
observations at night.
The instrument should be provided with a coloured glass to
enable the surveyor to look at the sun through his telescope.
fhera''^^ ^^^ observations will bo made first with the
*i- * . 1- 7®^^^°^^ circle to the right of the observer and
then with the circle to the left, reversing the telescope and
turning the azimuth plate 180* in azimuth.
In the first instance the image of the sun is to be brought in
one of the angles formed by the wires in the telescope so as to
be tangent to both wires at the same time, and the same pro-
cess IS to be repeated with the instrument in the second
position, but with the sun's image in the opposite angle. In
order to bring both wires tangent to the sun's limb at the same
time, the sun's image should be placed bo as to move to-
wards one wire while going off the other ; the former
wire IS kept tangent to the sun's limb by the proper
slow motion screw until both wires are tangent at the same
time. In the opposite angle of the wires, the same process
2nd position
1st position
18 repeated with the other slow motion screw. Fig. 16
illustrates how the sun's image should appear in the afternoon
with an inverting telescope, the apparent direction of the sun's
motion being shown by the arrows. In the first position the
wire ^ a should be kept tangent to the limb with the slow
motion in azimuth, until D B is also tangent. In the second
position D B would be kept tangent to the limb with the slow
motion in altitude until AC'm also tangent.
'
66
TOWNSHIP 0UTLINK8.
I ■
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s
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SSg
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SUBDIVIDINO OP BLOCKS.
6-7
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58
TOWNSHIP OUTLINES
The reading of the horizontal circle on the reference obieot.
generally one of the line pickets, should be taken in both
positions of the instrument, and the approximate time of ob-
servation noted.
The best time for observation is when the sun is near the
prime vertical, that is to say nearly duo east or west.
Redaction of
observatipna.
The following formula is the simplest that may
be used for the calculation :
COS. i^r _ ■/ cog ^ (jo^ (5'— a") sec <^ seo A
where S=Jd±±A
h being the true altitude of the sun, ^ the latitude. A the
suns polar distance, and 2 the angular distance between tHo
sun and the north point. Eeckoning the azimuth from 0" to
dbO Irom the north point through east, south and west, z is
the azimuth in the forenoon and 360^ minus the azimuth in
the afternoon.
The latitude and its secant are j iven in Table Y, for the
north side of every section.
On pages 56 and 57, two exL^ap-,,, are given, one in the
afternoon and the other in the forenoon. ^ '
Beports and Beturns.
The surveyors of township outlines shall send in reports of
progress at intervals as nearly monthly as possible, such re-
ports being accompanied by sketches on the scale of one-half
mile to the inch, slowing the work done and the character of
the country, in the manner directed for block surveyors.
These sketches shall exhibit the length of every quarter-
section line when different from 40 chains. Such information
II fl^"^ to be sent directly by the township outline surveyor
to the subdivider, when requested by the latter,
m J^o fin^l returns of the survey are the same as for block
surveys with the exception of the record of the astronomical
observations, which is not required.
ce object,
I in both
no ofob-
noar the
that may
e, /\ the
veen tbo
om 0° to
vest, z is
imuth in
', for the
I in the
jports of
Buch re-
one-half
•acter of
rs.
quarter-
rmation
urveyor
3r block
nomical
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
I
1.0
I.I
■^121 US
mm m22
u 12,4 ^^
£f 1^ 12.0
u
IL25 in 1.4
US,
1.6
fliotographic
.Sciences
Corporation
23 WIST MAIN STRUT
WIBSTER,N.Y. M5M
(716)872-4503
€
I
8
t
APPENDIX A.
ACCOUNTS OP SURVEYORS UNDER DAILY PAY.
Surveyors who aro employed byrthe dav will ««««• i. ^
moneys received were employed and what eL^.^.i^^^^ ^^®
applied for 18 to meet. expenses the money
No draft on the Department, or order or nnw«,. «p „**
for moneys on account of the survey wm be ac7«nf^H ^^.^l"^^^ '
ing^ to instructions. apposed of accord-
bring the whole outfit to the denot if i« J^.^^POssiblo to
whatever price may be obtained ^' '' '''"'" *° ««» ^«r
The accounts are to be in dunlirnfA o«^ <k • .
duplicate must be exactiraUke in all r««nl, ^^^^^g'^al and
'separate bundles. ^ '^ '®'^°^^« ^'^^ n^ade up in
Each is to consist of :—
Ist An account of pergonal services and allowances
2nd A pay list of party, ehowinff tho dflf« T f
and discharge of every man hi! ofnnnnf,-^ ^J ^"gagomont
and the number of raLns ?or the partf Tt must'bi''' ?l^^
each of the men. ^ ^' ^^ '^^^^ °^ signed by
3rd A transport account, with vouchers dn?,, „, i, .
4. A camp equipage account.
5. A stationery account.
6. A balance sheet showing on the credit «irlA iu^
amounts of personal service?, pay Lt tra^nrt ^'^''
the priirftT "" "^'^ *^« ""»'' of "HicLpuSed, with
I I
M
'
\
63
SUEVEYORS UNDER DAILY PAY,
fho items of travelling expenses, camp equipaffo and
stationery, for which specific amounts are allowed, are to be
charged each in one lump sum, without giving details or
youchors, except, however, for travelling expenses of assistant
lor which a receipt from the assistant is required.
ALLOWANCES TO SURVEYORS,
Service.
Personal Services and Allowftnccs,
Salary of Surveyor in cliiirgo, per diem.
Kiition allowance iu 'he- (ield do
do at oIBco work do
Pay-list.
Assistant, per diem
Chftinmea do (if allowed liy instructionrf)!
Cook do
Laborers
Number
or
Quantity.
$ cts.
do
Ration allowances, per diem .......'!.*.. '.,'..'"..
Transport.
Horses
Buckboard »...*.. ...".!.... ..!!........
Carts !.*.'..!!.".'..""'..'.".'
Cart covers .'.....'.'.*.*.'.*.'.'.*.".'!.*.'
Setts of harness '
Hobbles , ". .*.""'.!.*,'.*.".*.
Horse bells ,, "../.*//.''.*.'.'.!„*.'.*.'.!*..'.*."."!!!
Oats and horse-keepin(r ".'!.'"*.*.'.*.*.'"'..".*.'.*.'
Leather, twine, oil, for repairing harness, horse shoes,
axle grease
Freight and storage, west of Winnip^^g ..*!.*!!!.!!!!!,'
Travelling, freight and all other expenses of Surveyor
in charge, east of Winnipeg
Travelling and other expenses of Assistant, eastof
Wmnipeg
Travelling expenses of party, west of Winnipeg!.'..'.'.'
Kebate on provisions (if allowed by instructions)...
Camp Equipage and Plant.
All articles, tents included
Stationery.
All articles „ .
r 20
1 25
1 00
160 00
75 00
15 00
pago and
, aro to be
details or
»f assistant
$ cts.
1 00
1 20
1 25
1 00
160 00
76 00
15 00
APPENDIX B.
CONTRACT SURVEYS.
The subdivision of townships is to bo made, according to
law, at certain rates per mile. These rales aro «oneraliv
Uoterminod in advance for each township.
Wliore not so fixed, the mileage will bo classified as follows ;—
l.st Class— Any land not classified as second or third class.
2nd Class— Poplar, and other soft woods, where occurring
m alternation with prairie.
3rd Class— Contracts composed of townships all woods, and
wherever they occur, heavy underbrush, hard woods, windfalls,
thick willows. '
Traverse lines will bo classed foi- pay similarly to the prin-
cipallinos of the survey, except in prairie or on' ice, where
thoy Will bo paid for at second-class rate.
Nothing will bo paid for trial lines, for offsets or for tri-
angles.
In addition to the above rates, the surveyor will receive •—
Infty cents for each description of settlor's improvements,
l^ifty cents for ta';.ing the affidavit of occupation of each
settler.
Two dollars per mile above regular rates for lines posted
across river lots. *
The description of settler's improvements referred to here
18 that contained in tNe statutory declaration. '
It is to be clearly understood that the above prices are to
include the making of plans, field-notes, reports, &c. as well
as the cost of survey. Nothing will be paid lor lines the
mounding of which is not completed.
Should the number of offsets, in a traverse, be insufficient to
determine properly the line surveyed or, more generally
should any part of the work not be performed in accordance
With the instructions, a deduction representing the value of
the work omitted will be made from the contract rates.
A surveyor, upon obtaining a contract, will be required to
enter into a bond, jointly with two securities, in a sum equal
JP *^® ff^*""**®'^ amount of his contract, for the due and faith-
fai lulfiimeut thereof.
Surveyors will receive, with their contract, blank books for
field use, blanks of progress accounts, statutory declarations,
oath of chainmen and township sketches.
1-! , H
I il
8i '
64
CONTRACT SUaVEY."?.
Blank books for office copies of field-notes, skeleton township
plans, timber plans and reports and forms of general account
will bo supplied on the application of the surveyor,- -stating
the number of each required. It is recommended that such
blanks should only bo applied for at the time they are required
for use, as, when carried in the field, they are liable to bo
spoiled.
Iron posts will be supplied free of cost, provided they aro
all used on the survey. Those not so used will have to bo
• returned to tho survey depot, otherwise they will bo charged
for at tho rate ol 25c. each.
Stool dies to mark tho tin squares on tho posts will bo
supplied on application at tho head office at tho rato of $5 00
per sot.
Tho lines embraced in any survey under contract must bo
run by the surveyor in person, and no payment will bo made
on such contract work if otherwise performed.
A rigid inspection of tho work will bo made. On satis-
factory evidence of any impropriety or unfaithfulness in tho
execution of a contract being reported to tho Department, tho
survey will be cancelled and steps taken at onco to recover
fl'om tho surveyor or his sureties.
On receipt of the bond, properly executed, from a surveyor
to whom a contract has been given, an advance of $200 will bo
sent to his address, and a further advance of 81,300 on account
of contract, will bo placed in the Bank of Montreal at Winnipeg,
payable there to himself in person.
Eighty- five per cent on account of tho work performed will
from time to time, be paid to tho contractor or bo placed to his
credit, as he may direct. Such payments will be made on
receipt of the progress accounts accompanied by sketches of
tho work. Credits may bo telegraphed to the Rank of
Montreal, if urgently required, but only after receipt of tho
sketches. — No sketches, no money.
All payments are made by cheques, issued either in favor of
the payee, or in favor of the Bank of Montreal to be placed to
the payee's credit. It is therefore useless to ask that bank
bills be sent instead of cheques or that the money be placed to
the surveyor's credit with another firm than the Bank of Mont-
real, unless tho surveyor has previously ascertained that tho
firm will accept Departmental cheques.
When a payment on account is applied for, the letter should
state whether a cheque is wanted or a credit, and where.
It Is of the utmost importance that the Department should
be kept well informed ni' thA anvTrarrrx^a^ »%rtof r^m^^ ^AA
Jivery letter sent should state where the answer is to be for-
warded to. Particular attention is called to this matter, as
3n township
ml account
or,- -stating
1 that Htich
iro required
liable to bo
ed ihoy aro
have to bo
bo charged
)8t8 will bo
ito of $5.00
ct must bo
ill bo mado
On satia-
InosH in tho
rtraent, tho
to recover
i surveyor
1200 will bo
on account
Winnipeg,
)rmod will
acod to his
» made on
sketches of
Rank of
oipt of tho
in favor of
) placed to
ihat bank
> placed to
k of Mont-
d that tho
ter should
liere.
ent should
to be for-
matter, as
FORM OP SURVEY CONTRACT.
05
tho most vexatious doliiyrt, due to this cause, are continually
occurring, and surveyoiM aru ilio first to suffer thercfrotm
FORM OF SURVEY CONTRACT.
This Aorbement, made the second day of April 1883
between John Frederick Smith, of tho citt/ of York in the
Count}/ of Armagh, in the Province of Ontario, in tho I>;'ninion
of Canada, Dominion Land Surveyor, horoinaftor culled the
contractor, of tho first pnit. and Her Majesty tho Quoon re-
presented heroin by the MiniHlor ol ihe Interior of Canada of
the second part ; '
WitnowHoth, that the contractor covenants with Ilor M.-iiesfy
Her Successors and Assigns, that in his own proper uithom,'
but with the aid of such chainman and assistants as may be
necessary, he will, in strict conformity with such instructions
as he may receive ft-om the MiniHter of the Interior the
Surveyor- General, or other proper officer in that behalf 'well
truly and faithfully and to the satisfaction of the Minister of
tho Interior, perform the following surveys, viz:-—
1. Subdivision of townships twenty-five and twenty-six in
ranges Six, seven and eight, west of the fourth Initial Meridian,
may, with bis consent, be
and any additional survey which
added to the above surveys.
2. That he will commence the survey on or before the first
day of July, A.D. 1883, and will complete the surveys in
manner aforesaid and return the plans and the true field-notes
duly sworn to, and other returns of the surveys required to
the Department of the Interior in Ottawa, on or before the
first day of April, A.D. 1884.
3. That all chainmen and other assistants required for the
survey and other expenses conneuted therewith, are to be pro-
vided and paid for by tho contractor.
4. That the contractor will report progress of the surveys
to the Inspector of Surveys, in accordance with such instruc-
tions as may be given in that behalf.
6. That upon completion of the said surveys by the con-
tractor in strict accoi-dance with the terms of this agreement
and to the satisfaction of the Minister of the Interior, and
upon receipt by the Department of the Interior at Ottawa of
the said plans, field-notes and other returns of surveys, Her
Majesty will cause the contractor to be paid at the rates fixed
by the Order in Council, dated the 23rd of March, 1883.
The number of miles actually run and marked in the field
only to be ^aid for, random lines, bases of triangles and offsets
not to be included. Main traverse lines of lakes, navigable
if
■nil
U.H '.
?: ' i
mi
It ■
Hi
66
CONTRACT 8UUVKY8.
rivora, or eeitlor's improvements, as shown in the field-notes^
to bo paid at traverse linos rates.
t. That the contractor shall not assign this contract or any
intorost therein, and no payment shall bo made for any surveyo
not executed by the contractor personally, assisted as afore-
said.
8. That nhould the contractor make default in commencing
the survey on or before the date above fixed in that behalf, or
should ho fail to report progress of the surveys us above pro-
vided for, or should he fail to comploto tho Hurvoys in manner
abovo provided for or to roturn tlio wild planH, fiold-notes and
other returns within the time abovo limited in that behalf, tho
Minister of the Interior, Surveyor-General, Inspector of Sur-
veys or other proper officer in that behalf, may procure the
woik hereby contracted for or any part thereof to be per-
formed by tho contractor, or any part thereof to be performed
by othern, in which case the contractor shall pay and make
good to Her Majesty, Her Successors or Assigns, all damages,
losses, costs, charges and expenses to which She may be put
by reason of the contractor's default and by reason of having
to procure the work to bo performed by others, including any
advances on account made to the contractor and any excess in
the cost of such work over the contract price herein Hpecified
9. That Her Majesty may cause advances to be mrt'le to tho
contractor from time to lime during the progiohs of tho works
on account of the price thereof; but until the completion of
tho survey and receipt of the plans, field-notes and other
returns as provided for, the contractor shall not become entitled
to any payment, and if any such advances be made, they shall
be considered as a loan to the contractor to be returned to Her
Majesty, in case the contractor make^default in carrying out
any of the terms of this contract.
10. That should the surveys above mentioned and other
surveys added as aforesaid, be completed in accordance with
tbe terms of this contract, and the plans, field-notes and other
returns be returned to the Department on or before the first
day of January, A.D. 1884, Her Majesty will cause to be paid
to the contractor as a bonus over and above the contract price,
a sum of money equal to fifteen per cent, of the total contract
price for the work hereby contracted for.
In witness whereof, the contractor has hereto set his hand
and seal, and the Minister of the Interior has signed and sealed
these presents on behalf of Her Majesty.
Signed, sealed and ") John F. Smith,
delivered in presence ot > Dominion Lands Surveyor.
J. A. McLeod. \ A. JR. Stewart,
Deputy of the Minister of the Interior.
>od 08 afore-
BOND.
FORM or BOND.
at
Tins Indenture made tho second day of April. A D ISOJ
bDtwoon James William Brown, of iho Town of Essix in T^
County of Westmoreland, in the ?royinoTo( Ontario' n the
of the City of Victoria .n the County of Wolfe, in the Province
P?;'"'^^ '•' ^^° P«"»inion of Canada, /'arwier of the firBt'JuT
and Ilor Ma^onty the Quoon roproHont'od heroin by the ffiter
of the Interior of Cunadu of tho Hocond part- «i«"i8ior
WitnoHHoth, that m mirolioH for tho faYthfil performance by
the contractor of the foroKoing contract, the pa?tieH oTZlZ
part covenant with Her Majesty, Flor SuccenHorH and Amisnl
that the Haid contractor will, at or within the time or tTm 09
weu'UerdS M?"''*"' P*-^^''^^ bytheeaidcontiact!
wen, truly and faithfully commence, carry on and comolete
the surveys contracted for in «aid contract, and report prXss
InTJ"^"*- ^Ti°'-".iho plans, field note, and Sther^JeturTs
mentioned in the said contract; and further, that should tho
said contractor fail or make default in any 'of these rZectH
and should the work or any part thereof be performTbv
others under the provisions of tho said contract, ^thentTe sail
contractor shall pay and make good to Her Majesty uTv
^^ZZ^'^.'^'u^rT' *" l"'""^^^' losses, costs, chCg^e's and
deClt and Tv'^ "^' "^y^ ^""^ ^y ^^^'^^^ of thecont^ractor'8
default and by reason of having to procure the work to bo
fo ttTnn.^f .''^''*!{ *"°'"^'"^' ""^ ^^^^^''' °" acooTnt made
to the contractor and any excess in the cost of such v -k over
tWtK« -^i P'r ,*»«rein specified; and further g<,Derally
that the said contractor shall and will from time to time and
at al times well truly and faithfully perform, keep and abido
M««-V'T'^'^^°^.^"T^' agreements anf condSs
wZd ibird'by "°'^"^' "' °^ ""'' p^^* *« ">' p-^--«<it
thei^tnSnnJseT'' ''^ ^"^^^^ ""'^'^ ^^^ hereunto set
Signed, sealed and delivered in
presencje of 1 t t«. ^"
- ■ - ^J. W. X Brown, [L. S.)
O. A. Jones,
as to the signatures of
J. W. Brown, and B. A. Green,
Bob. MacFarlane.
as to the signature of B. A. Green,
H
Mark.
Surety.
B. A. Green, [L.^S.)
Surety.
OONTBAOT 8URVET8.
Pbovinob op Ontario,
County of Armagh,
To Wit:
foUowH :
1
APriDAVITS,
I, James William Broum, one of tho
sureties, in the foregoing Bond
named, make oath and say as
1. I am Hoizod and posseHsod to my own use of real and
personftl eHtato in the Province of Ontario, in Canada, of the
actual value of Two thousand dollars over and above all
charges upon, or encumbrances ufFoctinif tho same.
2. My Post Office address is as follows :
Essex, County of Westmoreland, Ont.
Sworn before me, at the City of York, "]
in the County of Armagh, in the (
Piovince of O/tfario, this second day )■
of April, A. 1). one thousand eight J
hundred and eighty three.
W. F. Wilson, a J. P. for the said County.
ffii
J. W. X Brown,
Mark.
Frovisce OF Ontario \ I, Richard Alexander Orem, one
Couniy of Armagh, V of tho sureties, in the foregoing
lo Wit : ) Bond named, make oath and say as
lollows: • ''
1. 1 am seized and possessed to my own use of real and
personal estate in Ihe Province of Quebec, in Canada, of the
actual value of Tm thousand dollars over and above all charges
upon, or encumbrances affecting the same.
My post office address is as follows :
303 Main Street, Victoria, County of Wolfe, Ont.
Sworn before me, at the City of York, "
in the County of Armagh, in the
Pro\ince of Ontario, thirt second day
of April, A. D. one thousand eight
hundre^l and eighty-^Aree.
W. F. Wt'son, a J. P. for the said County.
Peovince op Ontario, \ I, John Alexander McLeod, of the
County of Armagh, y Township of Lennox, in the County
■'■oWit: 3 of Quern's, in the Province of iVwa
iicotia. Merchant, make oath and say, that I was personally
present and did see John Frederick Smith, the contraotor in
R. A. Green,
>ne of tho
»ing Bond
d my as
' real and
idrt, of the
above all
Brown,
rem, one
foregoing
md say as
' real and
ia, of the
11 charges
^een,
I, of the
10 County
3 of Nooa
)er8onally
traotor in
ArriDAviTg. II
fc^*s&j"^ contract named duly execute the naid ln«trument
samTaSf 'tha? 't"^' '*"^' T ** u^'*^' "°^ ^^< delivering the
wme, and that I am a subscribing witness to such execution!
Sworn before me at the City of York, ^
in the said County of Armagh, this [
tecondday of Apnl, one thousand f J, A. McLeod
eiffht hundred and eighty-fAree. J ^^^^oa.
W, F. Wilson, a J. P. for the said County.
^''cIuZV,^^f^''V' ^'''^' Arthur Jones, or the VilU
%%vfr^^' f '^''/ ,^^^^^rland, in' the County
*^hn r>t L \ xt ■' ^^ ^erby, in the Piovinco of Marii-
toba Cerk, make oath and say, that I was personally nrTent
and did see James William Brown, iho ubiigot in thrn),CoTn^
contract or writing obligatory named, duly execute the sad
instrument by signing, sealing, and, is his act and deed dt
eZZu," '""' ' '"' ''^^ ' '"^ ^ ^^'^^^^^'-S wftness to 'such
Sworn before me at the CHty of York ^
in the said County of Arm>wh this
second day of April, one th.,usand '
ejght hundred and etghty-three.
W, F. Wilson, a J. P. for the suid County.
^^1^'r^ P^ ^^V""^ ) ^' ^'^''y' A'f^^r Jones, of the Villaae
County of Armanh. C /,/ /^,.«,i>— /^^j :. '.. vL '^"*"y«
O. A. Jones*
^^''XfArjnagh, ' ^ ' of Owiberla^^^ in the County bf
Clerk mak« Lh «nH^ ^frh,;n the Province of Manitoba,
A-A ' o , ®*^^ ^°** **®y» t'lat I was personally nresent anci
did see Richard Alexan:^ Green, the obligor in t^ho foreltn^
irtr^nn? r^'^S.oi.^^^ory'nnmed, d^uly execute thf?^^^
nstrumont by signing, sealing, and, as his act and deed d^
ixecSn!'' '""'' '"' '^'' ' am a subscribing witness to such
Sworn before me at the City of York ^
in the said County ot Armagh, this f ^ . ,
second day of April, one thousand f ^' ^- •^<''»«»'
e^ht hundred and eighty-^Are«. J
W. F. Wilson, a J. P. for the said County.
^?SJT" ?\ ^H"''' 1 ^' ^^^^''^ ilfci?'arian«, of the Township
Caun^ of Armagh, [ o/ a/Wne, in the County oSf.
i.0 wit: I ings in the P'^^yin/'a -^ ^ -.
oJntoLct or^l^^^'' m'" ^''''"' *^^ "^''«°'- i° ^*»e foregoing
contractor writing obligatory named, duly execute thS said
¥
ill
to
OONXRAOT IDRVIT.
instrument by signing, sealing, and, as his act and deed, de-
livering the same ; and that I am a subscribing witness to saoli
ezeoQtion.
Sworn before me at the \City of York, '
in the said County of Armagh, this
second day of April, one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
W. F. Wilson, a J. P. for the said Ooonty.
B, McFarlane.
':
1 deed, de-
ess to HQOh
irlane.
TOWNSHIP N9 19.
^/iNG£ /3 ^£Sr OF MER/D/AN
APPENDIX C.
rj
1 ..-'
1 r
■
Specimen Timbkk KEPoax.
Township 19, Bange 19, West of
Meridian.
This township is covered entirely with a growth of timber,
which, for the purposes of description, may be divided into
three divisions, viz: —
Ist, Timber suitable for the manufacture of marketable
lumber.
2nd. Building and fence rail timber.
3rd. Timber for fuel only.
The Ist division comprises the lands bordering on Long
Lake, Clear Lake and Clear ■Wo>'ir(/reek; these are covered
chiefly v^ith heavy spruce and tf .tac averaging in size from
10 to 30 inches in diameter, generally sound, and running up
to a height of 50 to 60 feet. Clumps and ridges of poplar
are also found J these trees are, however, generally unfit lor
manufacturing into lumber, owing to their being rotten at the
heart. The timber adjoining the Clear Water Creek and the
north end of Long Lake, viz:— on parts of sections 31, 32, 33,
17, 18, ly, 20, 1 consider the most valuable on account of its
superior quality and size.
The timber in the northerly sections can be readily driven
down the Clear Water Creek to the Little Saskatchewan in the
spring, and that bordering on Long Lake could bo run down
the Eolling Eiver, which flows out of the the south end of this
lake and joins the Little Saskatchewan, near the 5th base. I
would recommend that the land in the Ist division should be
reserved from sale and settlement and set apart to be licensed
as timber limits.
2nd Division.—- As the lands to the south of this township
are well adapted for settlement, this being evidenced by the
fact that a number of settlers have taken up homesteads in
the townships adjoining, the lands in this division, especially
sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, should be set apart to be divided
into wood lots of not more than 20 acres each, and sold to the
settlers as they are required.
3rd Division.— The central portion of the township is almost
entirely covered with windfall.
The timber, as it lies at present, is well suited for fuel,
©eing quite dry and sufficiently elevated above the ground to
prevent immediate decay. I would recommend thaF permits
be given to settlers who may apply for them, to cut fuel to
«Tipply their needs on the sections shown, as covered with
Windfall, on the accompanying plan.
mi
t'.i . ii'
i
APPENDIX J>.
FORM OF KNGAOEMBNT.
Abtioles of Aqbeement, made and entered into at Winrif^
peg, this fifth day of June, A. D. 1883, between John.
Frederick Smith, of the City of York, in the Province of
Ontario, Dominion Land Surveyor, and Andrew Gordon, of titd
City of Winnipeg, in the Province of Manitoba.
Witness that the said Andrew Gordon agrees with the said
John Frederick Smith, to faithfully and dih'gently serve him,
and his assistant or assistants, or any person under whose
charge the said Andrew Gordon may for the time being, be
placed by order and direction of the said John Frederick Smithf
as laborer, from the date of this agreement, until the said John
Frederick Smith shall have completed his survey.
In Consideration Whereof, the said John Frederick Smithy
agrees to pay the said Andrew Gordon at the rate of one dollar
per diem, and to board him bo long as the said Andrew Gqrdon
continues to serve under this agreement.
And it is agreed between the parties hereto that the
provisions of Ordinance number Five of 1879, of the Lieutenant
Governor in Council of the North- West Territories, shall apply
to the same under this agreement, payment in full to be made
only after fulfilment of the engagement by the said Andrew
Gordon, and the performance by him of his part of thi»
agreement.
In Witness Whereof the parties hereto have hereunto set.
their hands the day and year first above written.
Signed in presence of Y Andrew Gordonj
y JoJm F. Smith,
JE, JJ. Johnson. y Dominion Land Surveyor.
APPENDIX E.
^1
OBDINANOES OP THE NORTH-WEST TERBIT0RIB8.
at Wintif-
reen Jo?»
■ovince of
ion, of thd
h the said
lerve him,
ier whose
being, be
ick Smithf
said John
ck SmitJif
one dollar
ew Gqrdon
that the
lieutenant
lali apply
> be made
id Andreuy
t of this
eunto set
jyor.
No. 6 OP 1879.
An Ordinance respecting Masters and Servants.
(^Passed 2eth September, 1879.)
Be it enacted bv the Lieutenant-Governor of the North- West
TeiTitories, in Council, as follows :—
L Every contract of hire for personal service for any peiiod
more than a year shall be in writing, signed by the contract-
ing parties.
II. Any perRon engaged, bound or hired, whether as a clerk,
journeyman, apprentice, servant, laborer, or otherwise howso-
ever, guilty of ill behavior, drunkenness, refractory conduct or
idlenees,— of absenting himself by day or night without leave,
from his proper service or employment, or from the house or
residence of his employer, of refusing or neglecting to perform
his just duties, or to obey the lawful commands of his master,
of dissipating his employer's property or effects, or of any un-
lawful act that may affect his employer's interests,— shall,
upon being convicted of any or either of the said offences, be-
fore any justice of the peace, for every mich offence forfeit and
pay such sum of money not exceeding thirty dollars as to the
said justice seems meet, together with costs of prosectitlon^
and in default of payment thereof, forthwith be imprisoned for
any period not exceeding one month, unless the fine imposed
and costs, together with the costs of commitment and convey-
ing such person convicted to the place of imprisonment, bo
sooner paid.
ni. Any person convicted before any justice of the peace of
harboring or concealing any apprentice or servant who has
deserted bis master's service, or instigating any such appren-
tice or servant to desert such service, or of keeping such ap-
prentice or servant in his service after being notified or
informed of the fact, shall be liable to the same nenaltief? a!^ are
enacted in the next preceding section of this Ordinance. "' '""
ly. It shall be lawful for any justice of the peace, on com-
plaint on oath by any umployee or other servant, of ill usagOi.
HI
f!
1i
masters' and seevants' ordinance
non-payment of wages (not ezoeedin- two month's waires the
same having been frst demanded), or improper 53^1 br
hw master or employer, to cause such masV or eSyep to
complaint bp.ng well founded, to order such complainant to be
disojarged from his engagement, and to order such mLtS oJ
S\7fl^ *° P^^.'".'^ complainant one month's wage^T^l
?wSmnnfhT''"''*^^^T«'^^° '"'^'^^^V due him, not exieJS^nL
srutTon ^h« «T' ^ aforesaid, together with the costs of pr<5
secunon, the same to be levied by distress and sale of the
t^'l- ^"^S^^" ^°^ '^^^^^'^ J ^"•i i« default of suffioiont dis ross
imr^nsoned for any term not exceeding one monUi. unleBs the
eaiu moneys and costs 'oe sooner paid. '
iT,ThJ'^/!'?''^'''!^m^*^>^^^^«'»°® "liall be held to apply
^ the North- West Territories to contracts and agreemente
made at any place outside the same. agreements
VI. On the trial of any complaint mado under this Orrli
^yTdTnce °"P^"^°""* "°^ "°^^««^ shall be admitted to give'
ok^F* ^^i^^i'g '» this Ordinance shall in any wise curtail
Abridge or defeat any civil or other remedy for the recovery of
wages or damages, which employers or mastera my h^vo
Sfa?hL'!7''"*' or employees, o? which servantsTr employels
may have agamst their masters or employers. ^V'^Y^a
Yin. Prosecution for offences under this Ordinance shall Ha
PBIOIS OF PBOVIS.0NS.
PBIOES AND WXiaHTS OF PBOYISIONS.
95
Articles.
•43— a
Floor
Oatmeal
Oommeal ..
Bacon
40 lbs.
3 •'
3 "
20 "
Winnipeg quotations,
20tb June, 1883.
How
packed.
Earn.
Butter.
Cheese
Beans..
Yegetables..
Apples, dried
Sugar, lump
Ooffee
8}"
Si"
2f "
2} "
6 "
XXXX Of Strone Bakers,
$2.60 ; XXX, S1.90
Standard, $7.00 per brl. ...
Kiln dried, $2.76 per sack.
Smoked, clear sides, 16c....
Weight
of
paokag*.
Oanvassed, 16}c.
Tea
Syrup
Vineiri
inegar ,
Baking
Powder....
Yeast, Oems
Pepper, Gr'd
Uustard ...
Salt
Ess. Lemon.
Picklei ..
Candles .
IfatchM.
Soap
6 "
3pinta
fpint
lib..
1 cake
If oe.
1 '«
Choice Dair J, 22c ,
Choice No. 1, 16}c
Med. hand picked, $2. 75 per
bush., or 6c. per lb
Compressed Chollets, 65c.;
American, 46c
Choicest S.Y. sliced, 12c...
Paris Lump, lUc
/Pine ground Rio, 22c.. 1
•' Java, 30c J
' Black, 22^c. to 40c , ac- )
cord to quality v
(Japan, " «• « J
Bright, per keg. $3.25
Barrels, per gall., 40c
gall; 6 demijohn, $3.U0
•
Dr. Price's, 45c. ; Snow-
drift, 26e. per lb
Price's Lupulin, 7c. per
pkge. of 10 cakes
Ground Black, 16c. per lb.
Common, 17e. ; Keen's,
26c per lb
strongs'ks
In barrels.
In sacks...
In cases or
sacks..
In crates or
sacks....
Tubs ..
Boxed
bris.ors'ks
In tins
In barrels.
In boxes
((
H'f-chests
In kegs
^rl-i.or de-
mi j )hns
In tins .
2#lbs Dairy, in bags, 9c. per bag
l}oi. Extra quality, 2 oz. bot-
tles, $2.00 per gall.
$2.60 to $2.76 per doz. bot-
tles.
Star, full wgt. I60ZS., 20c.
per lb
60c. per gross pkgs
Savon superfin, $3.60 per
box of 60 bars
IJpts
1 lb
*box
2 lbs.
3doz.inbox
In boxes ..
In boxes
and tins
98 lbs. net floor.
196 ««
98 "
{ cases aboot 600
Sacks " 160
r Orates " 400
1 Sacks " 160
About 60 lbs.
'« 68 "
r Brls. about 380
(Sacks " 100
4 lbs.
About 220 lbs.
50 lbs.
20 and 26 lbs.
60 and 60 Ibi.
52 lbs.
fBrls.,6001bs.
iD'johns, 661bt
1, 4 or 6 lbs.
About 20 lbs.
10 and 20 lbs.
Bags
1 g. boxes
Cases& b's
In boxes...
10 gr. eases
In boxes...
Box 10 Ibf., tin 10
lbs.
6 lbs.
3 "
f Oases, T&& 100
\ lbs.
(Brls., 170 Ibi.
40 lbs.
60 "
50 "
*Taken from the instractions to Land Examiners issued by the Canadian
Faoifie Railway— some of the articles, such as butter, etc., are not adapted
to the requirements of a party organized for the surrey of Dominion Lands.
TABLES.
BXPLANATIOX
OB^ THE TA^BILES.
« JJ'^ ®'?";f ^« of tho figure of tho earth on which the
ceodetic tables are based are those ^.iven by clnt A R
^ar^e m h.n "Comparisons of Stund'ud. of\eo|^,^&a;
Those elements are :
Equatorial semi-axis = a = 6H1^206.i metres.
Polar serai-axis = b - 6356583.8 metres.
TABLE I.
Iatutde'o7thr!3rce. "' *'" *""'' «'^~ '"« '«K»»»t-tl.,
ol]hoWrTN8?n*l-^lT'''l "P'T? gives the logarilhn.
S'^„i*l= \ ? . ' '" ""Iters chains, i'.e., of one second
JU lit: K "^'^^^ «^^^^ ---'^ perpendicular to thTmS
chSin! o?R«in1 ''""^ ^'T' *^^ logarithm of the length in
Thf ?;„ *K } ' '•'•' .''^°°® ««°^°d (1) of longitude.
The fourth column gives the logarithum of P sin 1" i p «r
one second (1") of latitude, i- sin i , e.g., of
taWes!'" ''*^"'' ^*''' *'''° '''^^ ^'^ computing the following
TABLE IL
r J!)f ^,^^°^^"V" this taWe is the number of the base or cor-
rection line or (m the first column) the number of townshrns
intervening between the 49th parallel of latiturand the liie
The next column contains the latitude of the line Md Z'
aTnl'^'arbefolr '^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ «- '"' '^^ ^ ^^^liT^ti
♦nJJ'tl*^* ^^l''™" Of the table gives the difference of lon^ri
l»t.tade, .t IS necessary, if acouraoy be reqmrJd^toSC
? j
i 5
mil
s
EXPLANATfOM OP THE TABLI8.
polate N Hin 1" fur tho lutitu le, and then to multiply the result
hy tho coslno of that latitude.
II
For
Psin l" = NBin 1" X cos <^.
TABLE III.
This tnblo pfivos for tho ftr/»umont — numbor of the base line:
first, tho t'hnid nziinuth, /. e., tho an^le, in degrees, minutes
and seconds, monsni<Ml from tho north towards tho west, which
a township choid m.'ikos with tho meridian. In tho next
column irt givoti tlio bumo angle, in degrees and decimals of a
degree.
Tho two oohimns hon'Iod " Deflection " give the angle be-
tween one chord produced and the next one; or 180° loss
twice tho chord angle. One column gives it in minutes
and seconds, and the other in decimals of a degi'oe. The
*' Deflection OttKOt " is tho tangent subtended by this deflection
angle at a distance of one chain.
In the column headed •'Longitude for one range" is given
tho numbor of seconds to be added to or subtracted from the
time shown by a chronometer to correct it for the difl'erence of
longitude between one corner of a township and the other.
In other words, if a watch or chronometer be carried across a
township it will be that number of seconds slower or faster, if
it has no gaining or losing rate of its own.
TABLE IV.
This table gives for correction lines the chord azimuths^
deflections and deflection offfiots for running tho chord along
tho south side of the road allowance.
Tho table also gives the length of one range on the north
and south sides of the road allowance. Tho length on the north
side is the distance included on the correction line, between
two meridians from tho base next north of the correction line.
The longitude covered by this length is of course the same as
that; covered by one range on the next base north, and is given
in 'iio iast colunm of Table III. Similarly for tho south side.
'I'liediffieronce between the lengths of one range on the north
and south sides of the road allowance is the "jog."
Half the jog is very nearly the narrowing or extension of
one range in going north or south from a base to a correction
lino.
One twenty fourth of tho jog is the " convergence or diver-
gence " of the meridians for one quarter-section on the correc-
tion line ; this should be the diflferonce from forty, chains of
every quarter-section : For the township line mid-way between
r the result
) base line :
IS, minutes
(rest, which
1 the next
cimals of a
angle be-
180° loss
In minutes
^i-ee. The
} deflection
IS given
from the
iffoience of
the other,
d across a
r faster, if
azimuths,
liord along
the north
\ the north
e, between
)ction line.
16 same as
id is given
oiith side.
1 the north
tension of
correction
or diver-
he correc-
chains of
7 between.
XXPLANATIOlf OF TAB LIS. gl
the^ base and correction line, half of this quantity is to be
TABLE V
fi^'lhV^uUu]^^^'^^ «"'! tangent
section Tin t ^''"r^«'-«^!f^'""« ^"^ the north side of every
«fmiiT M ^,"fe'"''' hmH of secant and tangent ch uro -ivon U>
mmp hfj tho calculation of the a/Jmuth fcrn.ula (pagoV) The
TABLE VI
Is intondod to facilitate the observation of the polo star in
irS- 1^'''^''^*' by placing thetol.«cope precisc'yTn the dhec
tun 01 the star. To second column givos the ai)D-oxirnrf«
azimuth at different times and for townships to 80^ Tho"a ?
CO umn contains the distance of Polaris a'bove or below the
r;;::'o:?rte\ruir' ^-'^""^^^^ '-^^ ^'^ '^'^'^'^' ^^ ^t
TABLE YII
is for determining the watch error by the observation at an^
trica'f Xe"'"' ''''''"" "'"'^'" Btar rrt'tholam^
.i^^ ^i \^ ^'^® latitude of the place, a' and A' the right ascon
sion and declination of Polaris, a and ^ the sSme qSitioH Jo^
eaoh''n''fTK''^'' '"^ ^' ""^ ^ '^' chronometei times a wh^h
vertical T«.Tk''?k '''^'''}'fy observed to cross the same
vertical Let;? be the arc of the great circle pcruendicular to
t:^:tf^' "'"p""' '^^"'^^ thei^orc'anf til:
served,'Z:St:'^'^ '"^^ «*^^' ^^ *^^ ^^^^ ^^ — b-
^=;) (tan 0— tan 5)
A^'faA'^iiT^'' ^?ir i' ^'''^y calculated by taking (tan.
17 i ^^ w "" * **^'^ ^^ "^^"^''^l tangents to tjhree plf cob S
decimals. Were no such table at hand the followine Crfth-
mic form of the same formula could be employedT ^
cos ^ COS j
For stars below the pole the formnia would be :
or
*=;>(tan^ + tan^)
cos 4> cos ^ .
.JjliJllI
KXPLANAtlON OP TABLBg.
Table VfT. givoo the voIuoh of p computed ior the moafi
declination.
88" 4 1' = 88°. 6833.
§ov any other value of ^', p must bo multiplied by
COS ^'
COM «8° 41'
The logarithm of the above factor ia very Himply found by
1'63857
to log. tan P given in the annual ophemeris of Polaris.
Thu arguments of the table are the declination of tlio time
star, ^, and
f~f = (a— a') — (T— T')
With carefully adjusted coUimation and axis well levelled,
the surveyor needs to observe but one star to obtain a chrono-
meter correction sufficiently approximate for azimuth work
It may be remarked that;), multiplied by the secant of the
pole fitar'H altitude gives at once the azimuth at the time of
observation :
Az=p sec. '^ ^
The table has been computed by the following formula :
pr=P «in (^_ f ) 4-^ sin 2 (t-f) tan 6
r Only in exceptional cases will the neglecto! U.^\ish of the
development cause an error of one quarter of ♦> sr*- f» in the
time deduced.
l.The example given will show the calculation by both
formulas. •'
To dednne the chronometer error from the following ohron-
n. \->! times of transit across the same vertical plane.
^fHv\B 6h. 33m. 278.
Xluiiis Maj. ' i»... 6 36 42 .
.15th April 1881.
do
Chronometer supposed to keep sidereal time without. Ha^h
rate. Place, 6th baae line. * - - - j
IXPLANATfoN OF TATiim^
he moao
fouud by
i.
tlio time
levelled,
I chrono-
work.
It of the
time of
ila:
' of the
' in the
>j both
» ohron-
L881.
It dai!^
•7
u
01 ■«»<
<6 03
-i 06 M
A 00
bo
o
a
o
O
XS i-i
W
a
a
4)
04 a-
a eio
5 °
to
o
3
a
S
f^
e
»
^
»
9
<o
1
10
g
M
'f
II
E
II
f^
^
S;
■*
(4
•■0
(0
1
II
n
H
o
00
If
A
CM
•0
i-H
i-H
<M
4J
a>
«
s
g
a
-!->
u
"O
J3
93
u
TABLE VIII
jr Gives chains in decimals of a township side ; the average
ength of north or south sides, viz. : 486 chs his been used fn
the computation of the second column of this t^bie
TABLE IX
Contains the correction to be apnlied to the nnr-moi „;a,u ^r
roau allowance to obtein its value at township"cornere in onf
^ersouinf th« ^^ ^ H^^'t ^ ^".^ ^^«- fortownship c^
ners south of the road, and subtracted for corners north of it
6J
84
EXPLANATION OF TABLES.
TABLE X
GivcB the logarithm of the ratio of a small arc expressed ia
seconds of arc, to its tangent; by adding it to the log. tangent,
the logarithm of the arc is obtained, and the arc itself is found
with a table of logarithms of numbers, without having to com-
pute proportional parts. This table is intended to replace the
table printed on the record of astronomical observations, when
the instrument employed is divided sexagesimally.
TABLE XI
Is useful in running trial lines. It gives the angular defleo-
tion of a line for deviations of one to 149 links at the end of
eighty-one chains.
TABLE XII
Is the part of the table of addition and subtraction logarithms,
nseful in reducing time azimuth observations with Polaris.
Suppose two numbers a and 6, and a>6 j then we have, as lontr
as J. IS less then 10. ^
FOB SUMS.
Take 10 + log. i— log. a=A
and then.
Log. (a4-&)=log. a+5
FOR DIFFERENOES.
Take log. a— -log. b==B
land then.
Log. (a— 6) = log.6+il— 10,
TABLE XIII
Gives the correction for refraction to be applied to the sun's
polar distance when using solar instruments. It is always to
be subtracted from the tabular distance.
This table was computed from the following formulas t
r = 5rcotg.(5+iV)
Tan. iV=i cotg. 4> cos t
Where S is the declination ^ the latitutude and r the refrac-
tion. *Wi*»V-
86
spressed ii>
g. tangent^
elf is found
ing to com-
replace th&
)ions, when
alar defleo*
the end of
ogarithms^
th Polaris,
ye, as long
OES.
og. b=B
.b+A— 10,
> the sun's
always to
formulas i
he refrac-
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TABLE III.
Chord Azimuths, DeflectionR, Deflection Offsets, &o. for
Base Lines. '
9, &0., for
32-1
32-3
4
32-5
8
32-8
12
33-0
1ft
3i-2
20
33-6
24
33-7
2»
34-0
32
34-3
r 36
34-5
40
34-8
44
36-1
4»
36-4
62
36-7
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39-4
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lift
41-4
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TABLE V.
Latitude, with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each
Section, and width of Quarter-Sections.
00 nH
0>O
© © o
04 C4 e«i
to to CO tot-
coo t-$S
30 © 04 «o eq
1-1 00 i
U3 us O
^5 ■*
SI N
p-T e«i i-i
to ia'<^
cij es eq
Oi 0> ^
00
s©
1 00
hco
34
30
89 65 26
<3i
CO CO w
n
TABLE Y.— Continued.
Latitude, with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each
Section, and width of Quarter-Sections.
6.
a
m
d
o
Eh
S
10
II
12
a
'♦3
<u
03
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
Latitude.
Sec. <t>
49°. 5242
6388
6533
6680
6824
6971
6116
6262
6407
6653
6698
6644
6989
7136
7280
7427
7571
7718
7863
8009
8154
8300
8445
8592
8736
8883
9027
9174
9:^19
9465
9610
9756
9901
50°. 0047
0192
0-187 67
0-188
0-189
80
93
06
19
32
46
88
71
84
97
10
as
3«
49
62
75
88
01
14
27
40
53
66
79
93
0-191 06
19
32
45
68
71
84
98
0-192 11
0-190
S3 3
!t3 %j
o
o
o
o
Tan. *
0-068 87
0-069
0-070
10
33
64
7T
99
21
44
66
0-071 11
33
013
78
0-072 00
23
45
68
90
0-073
0-074
12
35
57
79
02
24
0-075
0-076
47
69
92
14
36
69
81
03
26
46
o a
a. a
Quarter-
Section.
o
o
o
o
[39-868
140 145
133
lai
109
097
088
073
060
048
0S6
024
012
000
39-988
976
964
951
939
927
915
903
891
879
867
'39-856
.40-147
135
122
110
098
086
073
061
050
037
024
9ft
t for each
Quarter-
Section.
f 39-8158
(40 145
133
121
109
097
085
073
060
048
0S6
024
012
000
39-988
976
964
961
939
927
915
903
891
879
867
'39-855
.40-147
136
122
110
098
086
073
061
050
037
024
TABLE Y.^Cmtimed.
Latitude, with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each
Secnon^d width of Quarte.--8cciion8.
m
t
o
a
o
•S3
u
en
13
14
IS
16
17
18
26
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
5
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
U
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
Latitude.
Sec. ^
50° 0339
0483
0630
0776
0921
1066
1212
1367
1603
1648
1796
1939
2086
2230
2377
2622
2669
2813
2959
3104
3250
3395
3542
3686
3833
39,7
4124
4269
4415
4560
4706
4851
0-192
0193
0-194
J95
0-196
24
37
50
63
77
90
03
16
29
43
66
69
82
96
09
22
38
48
6-1
78
89
02
18
28
42
55
69
82
95
09
22
35
4997
49
5142
62
5289
76
6433
89
a q
Taa. «
O
o
o
o
076
0-077
0-078
079
0-080
0-081
0-082
71
9J
16
38
6)
83
05
28
60
72
95
17
40
62
85
07
30
62
76
67
20
42
64
87
09
32
0-083
0-084
54
77
99
22
44
67
89
12
34
56
o
it
o a
£■3
Quarter-
Section.
©
O
o
40-012
000
39-988
976
D63
951
939
926
914
902
890
877
865
(39.853
140-149
337
124
112
099
087
(74
062
050
1)37
025
012
000
39-988
975
963
950
940
926
la
901
888
876
• n
n
TABLE Y-Continued.
LATiTtDE, Tdth LogariihmH of Secant and Tangent for eaob
Section and with Quarter-SeotirxiH.
.a
m
O
a
o
•■3
IK
CO
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
26
3«
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
12
13
Latitude.
Sec.
6724
6871
6016
6162
6307
6453
6598
6744
€889
7036
7180
7327
7471
7618
7762
7909
8054
8200
8346
8491
8636
8782
8927
9073
9218
9365
9509
9666
9800
9947
61° '0091
0238
0383
0629
0-197 02
16
39
48
S6
69
' 83
96
0*198 10
23
87
60
64
77
0-199
0-200
0-201
91
04
18
31
45
68
72
85
99
13
26
40
53
67
81
94
08
21
35
49
62
o
o
o
Tan^
0-084 79
0-086 01
U
46
086
0-087
0-088
0-089
0-090
0-091
91
14
36
69
81
04
27
49
72
94
17
39
62
84
07
29
52
74
97
20
42
66
87
10
32
55
77
0-092 00
22
46
g.s
J9 «
Quarter-
tiectioui
m
o
o
8
863
(39-861
1 40 160
188
126
118
100
088
076-
063
060
038
025
013
000
39-987
976
962
950
937
925
912
899
887
874
862
[39-84^
[40-162
140
127
114
102
089
076
051
036^^
9
o
25
26
27
28
29
OT
TABLE Y— Continued.
Latituue, with Logarithms of S.cant and Tangent for oaoh
SeotioD and with Quarter-SeotionH.
138
125
113
100
088
075
063
060
038
026
013
000
•987
975
962
950
937
925
30
o
I.
o
,
<2
^
cu
3
t
o
1
Latitude.
Sec *
« .
s °
^ •1-4
15 -S
Tan. .^
9 a
^ OS
03 (J
Qimrter-
ScctioQ.
Eh
OT
Q
d
24
61° -0674
0-201 76
0-092 68
40-025
25
0820
90
90
013
36
0965
202 03
093 13
000
26
1
nil
17
35
39-987
12
1266
31
58
975
13
1402
44
81
962
24
1547
58
094 03
949
25
1694
72
26
936
36
1838
85
48
924
26
1
1985
99
71
911
12
2129
203 13
93
898
13
2276
27
096 16.
885
24
2420
40
39
873
25
2667
' 64
61
869
36
2712
68
M
84
m
(39-847
40-164
!7
1
2868
82
o
096 07
o
141
12
3003
96
g
29
129
13
3149
204 09
o
62
116
24
3294
23
74
^p*
103
25
3440
37
97
090
36
3585
61
097 19
077
8
1
3731
64
42
064
12
3876
78
66
061
13
4023
92
87
039
24
4167
205 66
098 10
026
25
4314
20
33
013
36
4458
33
56
000
9
1
4605
47
78
39-987
12
4749
61
099 00
974
13
4896
76
23
962
24
5040
89
46
949
25
5187
206 03
69
986
36
5332
17
91
923
1
5478
81
100 14
910
12
6623
44
36
897
13
5769
Ml
59
;
884
98
TABLE Y.— Continued.
Latitude with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each.
S«^tio°> and width of Quarter-Sectiofs
CO
I
31
32
33
34
35
36
CQ
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
12 I
Latitude.
Sec*
510-6914
6060
6205
6351
6496
6642
6787
6934
7078
7225
7369
7516
7660
7807
7951
61°
.8098
8243
8389
8534
8680
8825
8971
9116
9262
9407
9553
9844
9989
620. 0135
0280
0427
0571
0718
0862
0-206 72
86
207 00
14
28
; 42
56
70
84
99
208 12
26
40
64
68
0-208 82
96
209 10
24
38
62
66
80
94
210 08
22
36
61
65
79
93
211 07
21
36
60 I
Tan.*
o
o
o
0-100 82
101 05
27
60
72
95
102 18
41
63
86
i03 08
31
54
77
99
104 22
45
68
90
105 13
35
68
81
106 04
26
49
72
95
IM 17
40
63
86
108 08
31
. 64
o
pH
l-t
<S
0)
Quarter-
Section.
8t) o
Q
CO
o
o
o
o
39-871
858
(39-846
140-156
143-
130
117-
104
091
•19^
06S
052
039
•26
013
000
39-987
974
961
948:
936
922
909-
896
883
86»
856
'39-843
,40-158.
146
132
119
106
092
079'
066-
063-
99
t for eachr
Quarter-
Section.
39-871
858
f39-84e
140-156
14a
13a
117-
104
091
978^
065
062
039
§26
013
000
39-987
974
961
948
936
922
909-
896
88a
869
856
39-843
,40-168.
146
132
119
10«
092
079'
06«
063-
TABLE Y.—C(mUnued,
Latitude, -with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each
Section, and width of Quai ter-Sections.
38
40
41
42
m
o
o
1-4
w
^
6i
• FN
•s
a
o
tude.
Sec. *
s .
Tan. ♦
<t>.§
Quarter-
Section.
1
•■a
o
r2 «
5t3 o
Eh
OQ
Q
5
13
1009
64
77
040
24
1153
78
99
026
26
1300
92'
109 22
013
36
1444
212 06
45
000
7
1
1691
21
68
39 -987
12
1735
35
90
974
13
1882
49
110 13
960
24
2027
63
36
947
26
2173
77
69
934
36
2318
92
Si
•
921
B
1
2464
213 06
111 04
907
12
2609
20
27
894
13
2765
34
60
881
24
2900
49
73
86 '<
26
3046
63
86
865
36
3191
77
112 18
39-841-
40-160
>
1
3337
92
S
41
8
147
12
3482
214 06
64
^^
134
13
3628
20
§
87
Q
120
24
3773
34
•
113 09
O
107
26
3919
49
o
32
o
093
36
4064
63
65
080
1
4210
77
78
067
12
4366
92
114 01
063
13
4601
216 06
24
040
24
4646
20
46
027
26
4794
85
69
013
36
4937
49
92
000
1
62O'6084
0-215 64
0*116 15
39-987 •
12
6228
78
38
973
13
6371
92
61
960
24
661^
216 07
83
946
26
6666
21
116 06
933
36
5810
35
29
920
I 1
6967
50
52
906
12 1
«101
64
75
893
n\
■'®S?»*i**»!6JBSB*«»
100
TABLE Y,—C(mtime<J.
Latitude with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each
Section, and width of Quarter-Sections.
43
44
46
46
47
48
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
26
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
Latitude.
62«-6248
6392
6639
6633
6830
6974
7121
7266
7412
7557
7703
7848
7994
8139
8286
8430
8576
8721
8867
9012
9168
9303
9449
9694
9740
9886
63«>-0031
0176
0321
0467
0612
0768
0903
1048
1196 ,
Sec. *
0-216 79
93
217 08
22
37
61
66
80
95
218 09
24
38
63
67
82
96
219 11
26
40
66
69
84
98
220 13
28
42
67
71
221 01
16
30
46
69
£•3
Tan. ^
04
O
74
0*116 98
117 21
44
66
89
118 12
36
68
81
119 04
27
49
73
96
120 18
41
64
87
121 10
83
66
79
122 02
26
48
70
93
123 16
39
86
124 08
31
64
77
(4
Wo
Quarter-
Section.
39-879
s
853
■ 39-839
, 40-162
149
136
122
108
096
081
068
«64
041
027
014
090
39-986
973
950
946
932
919
906
891
878
864
861
39-837
40-164
161
137
123
110
096
082
0^
101
for eaoh
Quarter-
Section.
39-879
866
853
■ 39-839
. 40-162
149
136
122
108
095
081
068
«64
041
' 027
014
090
39-986
973
950
946
932
919
905
891
878
864
661
39-837
40-164
161
137
123
110
096
082
068
TIBLE Y.-Contimed.
Latitude with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each
Section, aad width of Quarter-Sections.
t
o
49
60
51
62
63
64
o
•a
o
CQ
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
I
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
26
36 I
Latitade.
63" -1340
1486
1631
1777
1922
2068
2213
2369
2604
2660
2795
2941
3086
3233
3377
3624
8ec. i>
3816
3969
4106
4250
4397
4641
4688
4832
4979
6133
6270
6414
6561
670S
6862
6996
S143
6287
6434
0-221 89
222 04
18
33
48
63
77
92
223 07
22
36
61
66
81
96
224 10
26
40
66
70
85
226 00
14
29
44
69
74
89
226 04
19
34
49
63
79
93
227 08
u
e
2 -a
So
Tan. ^
S
0-126 00
23
46
69
92
126 15
38
61
84
127 07
30
63
76
99
128 22
46
68
91
129 14
37
60
83
130 06
ao
63
76
99
131 23
46
68
»1
132 14
37
60
133 07
o a
Juarter-
section.
S
o
s
40- 055
041
027
014
OOO
39-986
972
958
946
931
91T
903
88a.
875
861
848
89-834
40-166
153
139
125
111
09T
083
06».
056
042
028
014
Ooo
39-986
973^.
968
94(
930
917
^3
'!■■ i I
102
TABLE Y.— Continued.
Latitude with Logarithms of Secant and Tangeant for each
Seouon, and width of Quarter-Sections.
i
a
o
•a
o
GQ
65
61
58
69
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
Latitude.
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
66 1
12
13
24
26
36
Sec. t
63«»'6678
6725
6869
7016
7160
7307
7451
7698
7742
7889
8033
8180
8324
8471
8616
8762
8906
9062
9197
9343
9488
9634
9779
9926
640. 0070
0216
0361
06a7
0662
0798
0943
1089
1234
100A
.30V
1626
0-227 23
38
63
68
83
99
228 13
I 29
44
69
74
89
229 04
19
34
49
64
79
95
230 10
26
40
66
I 70
85
231 01
16
31
46
62
77
92
232 07
23
; 88
a S
Q
Tan. ^
o
0-133 30
63
76
99
134 22
46
68
91
136 14
38
61
84
136 07
30
63
77
137 0*
23
46 j
69 I
92
138 16
39
62
86
189 08
31
66
Quarter-
Section.
CO
o
78
140 01
24
48
11
84
1
141 17
39-890
876
861
847
f 39-833
I 40-169
156
140
126
112
098
084
070
056
042
028
014
000
39-986
972
958
944
930
916
901
887
873
869
846
[39-831
[40-171
167
142
128
114
100
OSS
lU.'i
39-890
876
861
847
■ 39-833
. 40-169
165
140
126
112
098
084
070
066
042
028
014
OOO
39-986
972
968
844
930
918
901
887
878
16T
142
128
lU
100
086
TABLE Y.--^ontinued,
Xatixude with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each
Section, and width of Quarter-Sections.
«0
^61
«2
€3
«4
«6
§
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
I
12
13
24
25
36
1
12
13
24
25
36
Latitude.
Sec. ^
64° -1671
1816
1962
2107
2253
2398
2644
2689
2835
2980
3126
3271
3417
3562
3708
3863
3999
4144
4290
4436
4681
4725
4872
5016
6163
6307
6464
6598
6746
6889
6036
6180
6327
6471
6618
6762
0'232 63
68
84
99
233 14
29
46
60
76
91
234 06
21
37
62
68
83
98
236 14
29
45
60
76
91
236 06
22
27
63
68
84
99
0-237 16
30
46
61
77
92
2-3
Tan.*
S
o
s
0-141 41
64
87
142 10
34
67
80
143 03
27
60
73
96
144 20
43
66
146
13
36
69
83
146
06
29
63
76
99
147
22
46
69
93
148
16
•148
39
63
86
149 C9
33
66
Quarter
Section.
S
40-071
087
043
028
014
000
39-986
971
967
943
929
914
900
886
872
857
843
f 39-829
1 40' 173
168
144
130
115
101
086
072
058
043
029
014
000
39-986
971
957
942
928
918
ttj'l
104
TABLE Y.— Continued.
Latitude, with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for eaob
Section, and width of Quarter-Sections.
o
67
99
70
n
a
o
V3
w
a>
QQ
1
12
13
24
2S
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
IS
24
26
36!
1
12
13
24;
26,
36
Latitude.
Sec. *
540- 6909
7063
7199
7344
7490
7635
7781
7926
8072
8il7
8363
8508
8654
8799
8946
9090
8336
9381
0527
9672
9818
9962
65°-0109
0^53
040a
0544
9«91
9835
0y82,
1126
1274
1417,
1563
1768
i ld54
1999 I
0-238 08
24
39
66
70
86
!
239 02
17
33
49
64
80
96
240 11
27
43
68
74
90
m 06
21
37
63
68
84
242 00
16
31
63
79
J 96:
343 11
26;
i 42i
68
(4
I"
2-3
Tau. <l>
o
0-149 89
150 03
26
60
73
96
151 20
43
67
90
162 13
37
84
153 07
31
64
77
154 01
24
48
71
95
165 18
42
66
89
156 12
36
69
<67 Qji
3Q
J 77
168 DC
$-1
s
8
o
Quartet"
Section.
39-899
884
870
856
841
("39-827
140-I7f
161
146
131
117
102
088
073
068
044
029-
016
OOO
39-986
971
956
941
927
912
898
88»
868
854
839
'39-824
.40-177
163
148
133
118
104
089u
105-
t for eaol^
Quartej^
Section.
39-899
884
870
866
841
f39-82T
l40-l7f
161
146
131
117
102
088
073
068
044
029
015
000
39-98S
971
966
941
927
912
898
883^
868
864
839
[39-824
[40-177
163
148
133
118
104
089^
TABLE v.— Continued,
liATiTUDB, with Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each
Section, and width of Quarter-Section».
73
74
76
76
-12
25
36
1,
12
13'
24!
25
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24,
26
J6
1
12
13
24
26
be,
1
12
-3
24
26
36
A
'•i
3
t
a
o
O
^
C^
72
1
12
13
24
Latitude.
66«»-2145
2290
2436
■ 2581
2727
2872
3018
3163
3309
3454
3600
3744
3891
4036
4182
4326
4473
4617
4764
4908
6Q64
6^99
6346
54S0
6636
8^81
6927
6072
6218
6363
6509
6664
6800
6944
7091
7235
Sec. ift
0-243 74
90
244 06
22
38
63
69
85
345 01
17
33
49
65
81
97
246 13
29
45
61
77
93
Ul 09
26
41
67
73
90
^43 06
22
1 3«
64
70
86
249 02
19
8S
a
<u.a
Si «s
Tan. (^
O
o
o
o
0-168 24
47
71
94
169 18
41
65
89
160 12
36
61
81
161 07
3(J|
77
162 01
24
7
95
163 19
4i
66
Si
166 08
32
65
79
166 03
27
60
u
<a
® .
CO
o
o
o
o
Quarter-
Section.
40 074
059
044
030
015
OOO
39 gas
970
966
941
926
911
8:
867
852
837
(39-822
(40-180-
16&-
I6»
136^
120
105-
090
UTO-
060
045
03O
015
000
39-985-
970
955
940
925.
910
->■'--'•"■-- in-*ii-.M 'III im«Bi|ii.ifi if fi^ ... ^ ...
106
TABLE v.— Continued.
Xatittde, ^th Logarithms of Secant and Tangent for each
Section, and width of Qnarter-Sections.
:78
t9
:80
«1
42
a
o
1
12
13
24
2S
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
25
1
12
13
24
26
36
1
12
13
24
26
36
Latitude.
Sec. ^
660-7382
7626
7672
7817
7963
8108
8254
8399
8545
8690
8836
8981
9127
9272
9418
9662
9709
9863
66®'0000
0144
0291
0436
0681
0726
0872
1017
1163
1308
1464
1689
0-249
260
1
61
67
83
00
16
48
64
81
97
261 13
46
62
79
96
252 11
27
44
60
77
93
253 09
26
42
68
75
91
264 08
24
1-
Tan.^
3
0-166 74
98
167 21
46
69
92
168 16
40
64
87
169 11
36
69
82
170 06
30
64
77
171 01
26
49
72
96
172 20
44
68
92
173 15
39
63
m
Qoarter-
Section.
39-896
880
865
850
835
f 39 -820
140-182
167
162
137
122
10<
091
076
061
046
030
016
OOO
39-986
970
964
939
934
909
893
878
863
848
833
[39-817
[40-185
m
at for eaoh
TATILR VI —For finding the Pole Star.
Qnarter-
Section.
39*895
880
866
850
835
f 39 -820
140-182
167
162
137
122
10<
091
076
061
046
030
015
000
39-985
970
964
939
924
909
893
878
863
848
833
'39-817
.40-185
Azimuth.
3
5 .
a!
o «
•
%
-ss
•a.
g5
b
1-4
^
^
09
d
*>•
^
^
I
o
M
H.V.
O.IO
09
009
0-09
009
009
009
0^10
0^10
1-32
H.lf.
11.6/v
0.20
-18
•18
•18
•19
•19
•19
•20
•20
•21
•32
11*3?
■0.30
•26
•27
•27
•28
•28
•29
•30
■30
•31
•31
11.2*
0.40
•36
•36
•36
-37
•38
•38
•39
•40
•41
-30
l\.(fi
0.60
•44
•45
•46
•47
•47
•48
•49
•60
•61
-29
llilO
1.00
•62
•63
•64
•66
•66
•57
•59
•60
•61
•28
11.00
1.10
•61
•62
•63
•64
•65
67
68
•70
•71
•26
10.60
1.20
•69
•70
•71
•73
•74
•75
•77
•79
•81
•24
10.40
1.30
•77
•78
•80
•81
•83
•85
•87
•89
•91
•22
10.30
1.40
•85
•87
•88
90
■92
•94
96
•98
100
-20
10.20
1.60
93
•95
•96
•98
TOO
102
105
1-07
•09
•17
10.10
2.00
101
1^02
104
106
•08
-11
•13
•16
-18
•14
10.00
2.10
•08
•10
•12
•14
•17
•19
'22
•24
-27
-11
9.60
2.20
•15
•18
•20
•22
•24
•27
•30
•33
•36
•08
9.40
^.30
•22
25
•27
•30
•32
•35
■38
•41
•44
•05
9.30
12.40
•29
•32
•34
•37
•39
•42
•45
•49
•62
-01
9.20
2.60
•36
•38
•41
•44
•47
•6('
■53
•66
•60
097
9.10
3.00
•42
•45
•48
•50
•53
•67
•60
•64
•67
•93
9.90
.3.10
•48
■51
•54
•57
■60
•63
•67
•70
•74
•89
8.60
3.20
•64
•67
•60
•63
•66
-70
•73
•77
•81
•85
8.40
-3.30
•60
•63
•66
•69
•72
•76
•80
•84
•88
•80
8.30
3.40
•65
•68
•71
•74
•78
•81
•85
•89
•94
•76
8.20
3.60
•70
•73
•76
•79
•83
•87
•91
'96
•99
•71
8.10
-4.00
•74
•77
•81
•84
•88
•92
•96
2 00
2 06
•66
8.00
4.10
•78
•82
•85
•89
•92
•96
201
•05
•10
•61
7.60
4.20
•82
•86
•89
•93
•97
2 01
•05
•10
•14
•66
7.40
4.30
•86
•89
•93
•97
201
06
•09
•14
•19
-61
7.30
4.40
•89
•92
•96
2 •00
■04
•08
•13
•17
•22
-46
7.20
4.60
•92
•95
•99
•03
•07
-11
•16
•21
•26
•40
7.10
«.00
•94
•98
2^02
•06
•10
•14
•19
23
•28
•34
7.00
.6.10
•96
2 00
•04
•08
•12
•16
•lil
•26
•n
•29
6.60
6.20
•98
•02
•06
•10
•14
•18
••/3
•28
•.33
•23
6.40
i).30
2-(i0
•03
•07
•11
•15
•20
■24
•29
•36
•17
6.30
6.40
•01
•04
•08
•12
•16
•21
■25
•30
•36
•12
6.20
5.50
•01
•05
•09
•13
•17
•21
•2H
•31
•36
•06
6.10
6.00
•01
•06
•09
•13
-17
•21
•26
•31
•37
•00
6.00
ii
108
TABLE yil.-For finding the Tim6
M*
B.
or 12
1 or 13
a cr 14
3 or 16
4 or 16
Sor 17
6 or 18
B. u.
10
20
30
40
SO
00
10
20
30
40
60
00
10
20
30
40
60
00
10
20
30
40
60
00
10
20
30
40
60
00
10
20
30
40
60
00
10
20
30
40
50
Qo
1-13926
'43996
•61642
•73933
•83606
6«
1-91270
97782
2 03376
-08264
•12564
•16412
2-19866
•22991
•25828
•28414
•30776
•32938
2-34918
•36732
•38394
-39916
•41306
-425721
2-437221
44763
•45697
•46529
•472«i
•47911
•44091
61627
74020
•33688
1 •91365
•97864
2 03456
-08332
-12643
-16489
2-19943
•23065
•26900
•28484
-30841
•33003
10«»
1-14019 1-14114 M4176
2-34980
•36791
•38449
-39969
-4M57
-4:i6l9
2-43767
-4J803
-45734
•46662
•47297
•47937
•44170
-61721
•74107
-83677
-81440
-97950
•03539
•08415
12723
•16666
2-20016
-23139
-26971
-28564
-30910
-33068
16<»
Declination
20° 26° 30'
•442«4
-6l80i
•74194
•83766
1 •91629
98046
2-03627
08500
12808
16t;i9
2-20096
•23216
-26046
-28626
•30980
•33136
1- 14301(1 -14396
•44358 -44461
618991 -62003
2-35042 2-35106 2-36174
-74288
•83860
1'91619
•98127
2 03715
08536
12892
16732
2-20181
-23297
-26124
-28702
31062
-33205
•74390
83964 •84067
r917l9
98223
2.03810
08682
12985
16823
2 -20268
•23381
•26207
•28782
•31131
M448»
44660
62107
7460O-
2-48462
•48927
-49304
•49696
•49803
•49927
2-49969
-49927
-49803
-49596
-49304
■48927
2-48^6
-48946
-49319
•49607
•49811
•49931
2 •49969)2 ^49969
•49923 •<i9919
■368.')i
•38507
•40023
•41407
•42085
i '43810
•44843
•46772
•46597
•473^8
•47965
•48608
•48966
•49336
'49620
•49818
•49936
•36912
•38566
•40078
•41459
•42714
2 •43856
•44886
-46818
•46634
•47360
•47996
2 •48633
•48986
•49360
•4H631
•49827
•49938
■49796
•49685
•49289
.48908
5'
•49789
•49672
•49273
-48889
10"
2-49969
•49917
•49780
•49661
•49268
'48869
16«>
•36977
-38627
-40137
•41614
•42767
!- 43906
-44929
-46860
-46668
-47392
-48021
2-48567
-49006
-49367
-49643
-49836
•49944
2 •49969
•49911
•49772
'49649
•49241
2-35247
'37046
'38693
-40199
•41672
•42820
2 •43966
•44977
•46894
•46708
'47428
'48051
2 '48683
'49028
•49385
•49667
•49844
-49948
1 •91824
•98327
2^03914
•08782
•13085
•16921
2 •20363
•23476
•26298
• 28868
•31214
•33280 '33361
2-49969
•49907
•49763
•49536
•49223
•48826
2 •35324
•S'120
•38762
•40264
•41636
'42880
2'4401O
'46028
•46941
•46749-
•47466
•48084
2 •48612:
'49062:
-49406
■49671
'49863
-49962
20*»
260
2 '49969
'49903
•49764
'49621
•48802
30O
Declination
109
g the Timd
Declination
26°
30°
•1439
5 1-14489
•4446
1 •44660
•6200
3 •621«r
•7439
D •74800
•8398'
t •84067
•91711
) 1-91824
9822:
} -98327
038 1 (
) 2-03914
08682
•08782
1298S
•13085
16823
-16921
20268
2-20363
23381
•23475
26207
-26298
28782
- 28868
31131
•31214
33280
•33361
35247
2-35324
37046
•3;i20
)8693
•38762
10199
•40264
11672
•41636
12820
•42880
13956
2-440IO
4977
-45028
6894
•46941
6708
-46749>
7428
•47465
8051
•48084
8683!
I -48612
90:j8
•49062:
9385
•49405
9657
•49671
»844
•49883
)948
•49962
)969 2
•49969
>907
'49903
>763
•49784
>536
•49621
223
•48203
826
•48802.
Q
SO©
ecliaation
by Transits arrows the vertical of Polaris.
North.
36«>
40"
45°
60°
66°
60°
H. H. U.
1-14613
1-14768
1-14922
1-15106
1-16320
1-15626
11 or 23 60
•44686
•44824
•44979
•45163
•46393
-45682
40
•62232
•62366
•62521
-62706
6J931
•63225
30
20
-74617
•7474!»
-74904
•75089
•75312
• 75603
•84180
•84317
•84466
-84662
•8J874
-85163
10
1-91939
1.92070
1-92226
1-92402
1-92624
1-92906
11 or 23 00
•98444
•98574
-98722
-98900
•99118
•99401
10 or 22 60
^-04025
2-04155
2-04301
2-04477
2-04693
2 04969
40
-08895
•09019
-09167
•09339
•09552
•09823
^0
•13 '94
-13316
-13459
•13628
-13836
•14101
20
•1702.
•17149
-17286
•17452
-17658
•17918
10
2-20466
2 -20566
2-20721
2-20884
2 -21082
2^21338
10 cr 22 00
•23575
•23697
-23825
.23982
-24178
•24425
9 01 21 60
•26397
-265n7
-26637
•26793
-26980
•27221
40
10
•28966
-29072
-29199
•29347
-29531
•29763
-31306
-31412
-31534
•31677
-31854
-32079
•33449
•33562
-33P68
•33806
"33977
-34193
2 -36409
2-35507
2 35618
2-35751
2-35916
2 -36124
9 or 21 00
-37201
-37295
-37401
•37628
-37685
- 37883
8 or 20 60
•38841
•38929
-39032
-39161
-39301
-39491
40
30
20
10
•40339
-40422
"40620
-40634
-40775
-40955
•41706
-41783
•41876
-41984
-42116
-42287
•42946
-43022
•43104
-43206
-43331
-43491
2-44070
2-44140
2-44218
2 -44314
2-44430
2 -44679
8 or 20 00
-46083
•45148
-46220
-45307
-45415
-46553
7 or 19 50
•46992
•46050
-46117
-46197
-46295
-46421
40
30
20
10
•46796
-46849
-46911
-46982
-47071
-47186
•47606
-47554
-47608
-47673
•47753
•47856
•48122
-48163
-48210
-48267
-48337
•48429
^•48643
2 48678
2-48721
2-48769
2-48830
2 -48907
7 or 19 00
•49077
-49108
-49142
-49184
-49234
•49300
6 or 18 60
•49425
-49449
•49477
-49510
-49650
•49603
40
30
20
10
•49687
-49706
-49726
•49751
-49782
•49821
•49864
49876
•49890
-49907
-49927
•49964
•49968
-49965
•49972
-49979
-49989
•60003
2-49969
2 -49969
2-49969
2-49969
2-49969
2-49969
6 or 18 00
•49897
-49890
•49883
-49875
-49865
-49852
6 or 17 80 '
•49742
•49730
•49717
-49700
•49679
■49652
40
80
20
10
•49606
-49486
•49465
•49440
•49410
-49370
'49182
•49158
-49130
-49097
•49056
-49003
•48776
•48746
•48711
-48668
•48618
•48551
60°
36«
40<»
46°
50°
55°
Soath.
t-t'
110
TABLE Vrr.~For finding the Timo by Transits
7 or 19
8 or 20
9 or 21
10 or 22
11 01 23
00
10
20
30
40
60
00
10
20
80
40
SO
00
10
20
30
40
60
00
10
20
30
40
60
00
10
20
30
40
60
DecliuAtlon
0»
6"
2-48462
•47'Jll
•472&'^
•4«fl2i)
•45697
•44762
2^43722|
■42672
'41306
3991,'.
38394
•36732
2^34918
•32938
•30776
•28414
•25828
•22991
10«
2^1
•16412
•12564
•08254
2-03375,
1-97782 1
J •48440
•47885
•47239
•4'J497
•4S6(J1
■44722
2-43(578
•42524
•4lL'56
•39861
•38;{39
•36672
2-34856 2
•32873
'30709
•28344
•25766
•22917
•47858
•47208
•46463
•46623
•44682
16°
•47828
•47176
•46t26
•46")83
•44638
20«> 260 30»
^'■Ijlnl ^'f^o^c! 2"''«369 2^48341 2-483ia
2-43635 2^43589
•42477
•4121)7
•39H08
•38281
•36613
'■12428
•41 154
•39752
•38222
•36551
r91270
•83506
• 73933
•61542
•43996
•13925
0*»
•19789
•16334
•12486
•08170
•03294
•97699 I
34794
-32807
'30641
•28274
•25684
•22843
•19714
-16266
•12406
•08092
•47802
•47144
•46390
•46543
•44596
2^43540
•42376
•41098
•39693
•38(61
•36486
2^34729 2 •34661
32746 •32669
30670 ^30496
•47771
-47108
•46351
•46500
•44346
2-43489
•42322
•41039
•39630
•38093
•36416
•47738
•47070
•46301^
-46462
•44496
2-4343»
■42261
'40974
30564
3802a
36340
•28201
'26610
•22766
2 ■19634
•ltil73
•123201
•08005
•28124
•26529
•22683
•19649 2
•16089
■ ' 2236
2 •34687 2-34608
32593 -32510
•03209 2-03121
■97612 1-97516
1-91185 1-91100
-83423
•73846
•61458
-43902
-13830
6«>
-83334
-73769
-61363
-43823
-13735
10»
1-91009
•83246
•73672
-612781
•43727
•13672
16»
07918
2 •03032
r 97433
1-90918
•83149
•7367«
•61183
•43632
•13646
•30U7
•28042
•25446
-22698
•19469
•16996
•12139
•07820
02934
97336
20*
1 •90816
•83046
•73472 I
•61077
•43537
•13450
26=
•30333
•27965
•26363
•22602
•19362
•16897
•1203T
•07718
•02829
I • 97230
1 '90709
•82937
•73360
•60970
•4342ft
•13354
SO*
Declination
lit
by Transits
Decliuation
26»
30»
•4834
1 2-483ia
•4777
1 •47738
•4710J
i • 47070
•4635
•4630J^
•4650(
) '46462
•4454t
i •4449&
•43488
> 2 -4343*
•42321!
•42261
41039
•40974
39630
•3S664
38093
•3802a
36416
•36340
34687
2-34608
32593
'32610
30417
•30333
28042
•27965
2S446
•26363
22698
'22602
19469
2-19362
15996
•16897
12139
•1203T
)7820
•0771»
2934
2'0282»
7336 I •97230
0816 ]
L '90709
3046
•82937
3472|
•73360
1077
'60970
3537
•4342S
3450
•13364
5°
30«»
eciination
across the vortical of VolAriB^Conduded.
North.
36"
2 '48281
•47701
•47029
•4626
•46400
•44430
2-43372
'42195
•40904
•39487
'37944
•36267
2 '34422
'32420
•30237
•27864
•26261
•22398
2*19267
•16788
•11926
•07602
2-02716
1*97109
1 -90690
•82821
•73239
•60842
•43297
■1322«
36«
40O
2-4P24'i
•47659
•46981
•4621 "J
4634-2
•44373
2-43302
'42116
'40824
•39403
•37863
•36162
2-34321
-32316
'30129
'27746
•25137
'22276
2-191
• 1 5R« t
•iisw
•07475
2 02680
J 96974
r 90466
■82679
-73102
60703
-43162
•13066
40*
South.
46«»
60»
2-48203
2-48164
•47611
•47663
•46y.;6
•46860
•4fJM(J
•16072
•46'J74
•45192
■44300
•44211
2^432^2
2-43123
•42032
-41927
•40730
•40618
-39303
•39186
•37747
•37623
-36051
-36921
2 -34207
•32196
•30003
■27614
•26(KW
141
■2 -18994
15518
•11651
■07220
2-02428
1-96820
r 90293
'82623
•72941
■60541
•42991
•12905
2 •34068
•32062
•29866
•27460
.'4841
21977
2^18822
'15346
•11474
'07140
2 '02243
1-96633
1-90108
'82393
•72746
•60347
•42797
•12710
46» 60«» 65«»
•4748
•46779
•45980
•45091
•44099
2-43005
•41799
•40481
■39039
37468
•36767
2 •33897
31873
•29669
•27268
•24645
•21772
2-18614
•16128
-11264
-06916
2-02015
1-96402
1-89873
-82092
•72609
•60108
-42553
•12483
2^48093 2-48014
•47!8S
■4H(;73
•4f.Sti'2
■44961
-43967
2-42849
-41633
-40303
•38851
'37269
'36549
2-33678
•31646
-29432
•27021
•24388
-21608
2-18341
•14861
•10972
•06626
2-01720
1-96099
1 89570
•81783
•7219S
•69 y,
•42243
-12156
60O
or 17
or 16
00
60-
40
SO-
SO
1»
4 or 16 00
3 or 16
60
40
30
t»
10
3 or 16 OO
2 or 14 60
4(K
80
»
10
2 or 14
1 or 13
00
60
40
80
80
10
1 or 13 OO-
or 12 60
40
80
30
10-
«'
112 TABLE VIII.
For Converting Chains into Decimals of a Township side.
Equivalent decimal
Equivalent decimal
Equivalent decimal
of a
of a
of a
cj
Townsliip side.
.a
si
Township side.
3
Township side.
1
N. or S.
E. or W.
N. or S.
E. or W.
N. or S.
E. or W.
side.
side.
O
9
side.
side.
70
side.
side.
1
•00206
■00207
•01852
•01863
•14403
•14493
2
•00412
■00411
80
•16461
•16563
3
•00617
■00621
10
•02058
•02070
90
■18618
•18634
4
•00823
•00828
20
•04115
•04141
30
•06173
•06211
100
•20676
•20704
5
•01029
•01035
40
■08230
■08282
200
•41152
■41408
a
■01235
■01242
300
•61728
■62112
7
■01440
■01449
50
•10288
•10362
400
•82304
■82816
8
•01646
•01656
60
•12346
•12422
TABLE IX.
€oRREOTioN to width of Eoad Allowance on Correction Lines.
<B
Number of Correction Line.
1
Number of Correction Line.
O
•rt
.1-1
60
1
11
21
31
tlO
o
1
11
21
31
10
0-9
I'D
11
13
70
6-3
60
68
7-8
20
1^7
1-9
22
2-5
80
5 9
6-7
7^6
8-7
30
25
2-8
3-2
37
90
66
7-3
8-4
9^6
40
3^3
3-7
4-2
4^8
100
7-0
8-0
9-0
10 •s
50
4-0
4^5
6-1
58
110
7-6
8-5
9^7
iri
60
4^7
53
60
6^8
120
8-0
91
W3
11^8
ip side.
lent decimal
of a
iship aide.
3.
B. or W.
side.
3
1
8
•14493
•16663
•18634
6
2
8
4
•20704
•41408
■62112
•82816
on Lines.
tion Line.
I
31
8
7-8
6
8-7
4
9-6
10^3
7
11-1
3
11-8
TABLE X 113
For Converting the Logarithm Tangent of Small Arcs into
l/ogarithm of Seconds of Am
S
114
TABLE XI.
Showing the Deflection of a Trial Line for Deviations from 1
to 149 links at the end of eighty-one chitiriH.
I
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
36
36
37
38
39
I— <
as .
S o
0-000
•007
•014
•021
•028
•035
•042
•050
•067
•064
•071
•078
•085
•092
•099
•106
•113
•120
•127
•134
•141
•149
•156
•163
•17»
•177
•184
•191
•198
•205
©•212
•219
•226
233
•241
•248
•265
•262
•269
•276
1.
•S.2
if
13
o
r-t
OS .
.§§
S-a
> »>
o
00
40
•283
25
41
•290
61
42
•297
1 16
43
•304
42
44
•311
2 07
45
•318
33
46
•325
68
47
•332
3 24
48
•340
49
49
•347
4 16
50
•354
40
61
•361
6 06
52
•368
31
53
•375
57
54
•383
6 22
55
•389
47
56
•396
7 13
67
•403
38
58
•410
8 03
69
•417
29
60
0-424
55
61
•432
9 20
62
•439
46
63
•446
10 11
64
•453
37
65
•460
11 02
66
•467
28
67
•474
53
68
•481
12 19
69
•488
12 44
70
•495
13 09
71
•502
35
72
•509
14 00
73
•616
26
74
•523
51
76
•531
16 17
76
-538
42
77
•545
16 08
78
•562
33
79
-569
2 •
Q a
00 '^
a? CO
59
17 24
60
18 15
41
19 06
31
67
20 22
48
21
13
39
22
04
30
66
23
21
46
24
12
37
25
02
25
28
63
26
19
44
27
10
35
28
01
26
62
29
17
43
30
08
33
59
31
24
60
32
15
41
33
06
32
a
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
•A
>■
•H o
666
673
580
687
594
601
608
615
622
630
637
644
651
658
666
672
679
686
693
700
707
714
721
729
736
743
750
757
761
771
778
785
792
799
806
813
820
828
835
842
II
CO
a
t >t
67
120
34 23
121
48
122
35 13
123
39
124
36 04
126
30
126
56
127
37 21
128
46
129
38 12
130
37
131
39 '03
132
28
133
64
134
40 19
136
44
136
41 10
137
35
138
42 01
139
26
140
52
141
43 17
142
43
143
44 08
144
34
145
59
146
45 24
147
50
148
46 15
149
41
47 06
32
67
48 23
48
49 14
39
60 06
30
Q
"3 .
a o
-".2
^ en
Q
849
856
863
870
877
884
891
898
905
912
919
927
934
941
948
965
962
969
976
983
990
997
004
Oil
018
■026
..33
•U40
•047
•054
a a
•a o
OQ -^
bST
So
60 65
51 21
46
52 12
37
63 03
28
64
54 19
4S
55 10
35
56 01
26
62
67 17
43
58 08
34
69
59 25
60
60 16
41
61 OS
32
67
62 23
48
63 39
ns from 1
•A
(>
•^
• pH
<* .
Q
Sa
,
■a o
OS
a o
.3 o
^ en
i
Q
t»
• «>
0-849
60 66
•856
61 21
•863
46
•870
52 12
•877
37
•884
63 03
■891
28
•898
64
•905
64 19
•912
45
•919
56 10
•927
35
•934
56 01
•941
26
■948
62
•955
57 17
•962
43
•969
58 08
•976
34
•983
69
•990
69 25
•997
60
r004
60 18
•Oil
41
•018
61 06
•026
32
'j33
67
•U40
62 23
•047
48
•054
63 39
>
TABLE Xir.
Addition and Subtraction Logarithms.
115
A.
5-0
^•0
1
2
3
4
5
7-0
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
S^OO
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
4-10
11
12
13
14
15
16
2 7
BOO 0000
00 0004
0005
0007
0009
0011
0014
0017
0022
0027
0034
00 0043
0055
0069
0087
0109
0137
0173
0217
0273
0344
0432
0442
0452
0463
0474
0485
0496
0507
0519
0531
0-0 0543
0556
0569
0582
0595
0609
0623
0638
0662
0667
0001
0004
0006
0007
0009
0011
0014
0018
0022
0028
0035
0044
0056
0070
0089
0111
0140
0177
0222
0280
0352
0433
0443
0453
0464
0475
0486
0497
0508
0520
0532
0545
0557
0670
0583
0597
OGll
0626
0639
0664
0669
0001
0006
0006
0007
0009
0011
0014
0018
0023
0029
0036
0046
0057
0072
0091
0114
0144
0181
0227
0286
0360
0434
0444
0454
0465
0476
0487
0498
051U
0521
0533
0546
(56s
0571
0586
0598
0612
0626
0641
0656
0671
OOOl
0006
0006
0007
0009
0012
0016
0019
0023
0029
0037
0047
0059
0074
0093
0117
0147
0185
0233
0293
0368
0435
0445
0456
u4tjb
0477
0488
t)4i'9
0511
0523
0535
0547
0660
0573
0586
0599
0613
0628
0642
0657
0672
0001
0005
0006
0008
0010
0012
0015
0019
0024
0030
0038
0048
0060
0075
0096
0119
0160
01b9
0238
0299
0377
0436
0446
0457
0467
0478
0489
0500
0512
0624
0536
054R
0561
0574
0587
0601
0615
0629
0644
0658
0674
0001
0005
0006
0008
0010
0012
0015
0019
0024
0031
0039
0049
0061
0077
0097
0122
0164
0194
0244
0306
0385
0437
0447
0458
(i46S
Of 79
0490
0502
0513
0525
0537
0550
0562
0575
0589
0602
0616
•630
0645
•660
0676
0002
0005
0006
0008
0010
0013
0016
0020
0025
0031
0040
0050
0063
0079
0099
0125
0157
0193
0249
0313
0394
0438
0448
0459
0469
0480
0491
0503
0514
0526
0538
0551
0564
0577
0002 0003
0006
0006
0008
0010
0013
0016
0020
0026
0032
0041
0051
0064
0081
0102
0128
0161
0203
0255
0321
0403
0439
0449
0460
0470
0481
0005
0007
0008
0010
0013
0017
0021
0026
0033
0041
0052
0066
0083
0104
0131
0165
0207
0261
0328
0413
0440
0460
0461
0471
0482
A.
0492 0494
0504
0516
0527
0540
0662
0565
0578
0690
0591
0604
0605
0618
0619
0632
0633
0646
0648
0661
0663
0677
0678
0505
0517
0629
0541
0553
0666
0579
0693
0606
0620
0635
0649
0664
0680
0003
0005
0007
0008
0011
0013
0017
0021
0027
GOU
0642
0053
0067
0085
0106
0134
0169
0212
6267
0336
0422
0441
0451
0462
0473
0483 04
6^0
60
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
d
7-0
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
8-00
01
02
•3
0495
0506
0518
0630
0542
0555
0567
0581
0694
0608
0622
0636
0651
0666
0681
05
06
07
08
09
8^10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
11)
TABLE Xll~ Continued.
Addition and Subtraction Logarithms.
A.
8-20
21
22
23
2i
25
26
27
28
29
8-30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
89
8'40
41
42
43
44
00 CG83
0699
0715
0731
0748
0766
0783
0801
0820
0839
BO-0 0868
0878
0898
0919
0910
0963
09S4
1006
1030
1953
0-0 1077
1102
1128
1163
1180
06^4 0686
45
1207
46
1235
47
1263
48
1292
49
1322
8-60
1362
51
1383
62
1415
63
1447
64
1480
66
1514
66
1549
6r
1584
68
1621
69
}658
a-60
1«9S
I '.
1
0700
0716
0733
0760
0767
0785
0803
0822
0841
0860
C880
0900
0921
0942
0964
0986
1009
1032
1056
1080
1105
1130
1156
1183
1210
1238
1266
1295
1325
1355
1386
1418
0702
0718
0735
0752
0769
0787
0805
0823
0842
0862
0882
0902
0923
0914
0966
0988
1011
1034
1058
1082
1107
1133
1159
1185
1213
1240
1269
1298
1328
1358
1389
1421
0688
0703
0720
073S
0753
0771
0789
0807
0825
0814
0864
0884
0904
0925
0946
0968
0990
1013
1037
0689
0705
0721
0738
0765
0773
0790
0809
0827
0846
0866
0886
0906
0927
0948
0970
0993
1016
1039
1060 1063
1450 1454
1484 1487
1618
1662
1688
1624
1661
1699
1085
1110
1135
1161
1188
1215
1243
1272
1301
1331
1087
1112
1138
1164
1191
1218
1246
1275
1304
1334
0691
0707
0723
0740
0757
0774
0792
0810
0829
0848
0868
0888
0908
0929
0951
0973
0995
1018
1041
0692
0708
0725
0741
0759
0776
0794
0812
0831
0850
0870
0890
0910
0931
0953
0975
0997
1020
1044
0694
0710
0726
0743
0760
1065 1068
1361 1364
13931 1396
1521
1666
1691 > 1695
1424
1457
1490
1625
1559
1628
166Q
1703
1632
1669
1707
1428
14C0
1494
1528
1663
1699
1635
1673
1711
1090
1115
1140
1167
1193
1221
1249
1278
1307
1337
1368
1399
1431
1464
1497
1631
1666
1602
1639
1676
1716
1092
1117
1143
1169
1196 1199
1224
1252
1280
1310
1340
1371
1402
1434
1467
1601
1535
1570
1606
1643
1680
1719
0796
0814
0833
0862
0872
0892
0912
0933
0955
0977
0999
1022
1046
1070
1095
1120
1146
1172
0696
0712
0728
0745
0762
0778 0780
0798
0816
0835
0854
0874
0894
0915
0936
0957 0959
1228
1255 _
12831 1286
0979
1002
1025
1048
1073
1097
1122
1148
1175
1202
1229
1257
f.97
0713
0730
0747
0764
^0781
0799
0818
0837
0856
0876
0896
0917
0938
8'20-
21
28
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
8-30
31
32
33
34
36
3&
37
3a
10751 39
0981
1004
10^7
1051
1313
1343
1374
1405
1437
1470
1504
1538
1574
1610
1646
1684
1722
1316
1346
1377
1408
1441
1474
1607
1642
1677
1613
1660
1688
lt26
1100
1125
1151
1177
1204
1232
1260
1289
1319
1349
1380
1412
1444
1477
1511
1646
1681
1617
1654
1692
1730
8 '40
41
42
43
44
46
46
47
48
49
8-60
61
62
63
64
66
l«
57
88
69
8-60 '
9
A.
r;97
8-20-
0713
21
0730
22
0747
23
0764
24
S0781
2&
0799
26
0818
27
0837
28
0856
29
0876
8-30
0896
31
0917
32
0938
33
0959
34
0981
3S
1004
3&
10;i7
37
1051
3»
1075
39
1100
1125
1151
1177
1204
1232
1260
1289
1319
1349
1380
1412
1444
1477
1511
1545
1581
1617
1654
1692
1730
8-40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
4d
8-60
61
62
63
64
66
le
67
88
69
8-60'
TABLE XIII.
Latitude 50°.
117
H. H.
0.00
1.00
2.00
2.30
3.09
3.30
4.00
4.30
.00
6.30
6.00
6.30
DECLINATION North.
25* 20°
0-4
0-6
0-5
8
0-6
0-7
09
10
1-2
1-6
2-0
2-8
0-6
06
0-7
0-7
08
9
10
1-2
1-5
1-9
2-6
3 9
0.00
1.00
S.OO
2.30
3.00
3.30
4.00
4.30
6.00
6.30
6.00
6.30
16*
0-7
0-7
08
0-8
09
1-1
0-5
0-6
06
0-6
0-6
0-7
0-6
08
0-7
0-9
0-8
10
10
11
11
1-3
1-3
1-6
16
1-9
2-9
2-6
2-7
1
35
0-7
0-8
0-9
0-9
10
1-1
1-3
1-6
1-9
2-5
36
5-2
lOO
0-8
0-8
0-9
6<»
5-4
1-0
10
11
12
1-3
1-5
18
2-3
31
4-8
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-6
1-9
2-3
30
4-4
87
Declination South.
1-4
1-4
1-6
1 7
2-0
2-3
30
4-2
7-5
10«
1-6
1-7
19
2-2
2-5
3 1
4-2
6 9
15»
2-0
21
2-5
2-8
3-3
4-5
7
20<'
2-6
2-8
3-3
26»
S
3-5
3 8
4-9
3 9 I 6-2
5
7-7
H. H.
12.00
11.00
10.00
9.30
9.00
8.30
8.00
7.30
7.00
6.30
6.00
6.30
Latitude 53°.
09
0-9
1-0
11
1-2
1-4
1-6
1-9
2-5
3-4
5-4
11
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-6
1-7
20
2-6
3-3
51
2 5
33
4 9
97
•
3-4
49
90
1-9
2-0
2-2
•i-h
2-9
3tj
5 1
90
2 4
2-5
2-9
33
4 1
5-6
06
3 1
3 3
41
50
67
46
49
67
»3
12.00
11.00
10.00
9.30
9.00
8.30
8.00
7.30
7.00
6.30
6.00
6.30
y