IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

Hi 125

I.I

■AO

■ 2.2

lu ■-,« mm

Itt

lit

11.25

UUl.

^J*"*'

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

•ss?

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICIVIH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

Taohnieal and Bibliographie NotM/NotM tachniquM at MbllographiqiiM

Tha Instituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat
original copy avallabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia
copy which may ba bibllographlcally unlqua,
which may altar any of tha Imagaa In tha
raproduetlon. or which may algnlflcantly changa
tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow.

Colourad covara/
Couvartura da couiaur

|~~| Covara damagad/

Couvartura andommagAa

Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/
Couvartura raataurta at/ou palllculAa

□ Covar titia miaaing/
La

titra da couvartura manqua

r~| Colourad map*/

Cartas gtegraphiquaa an couiaur

□ Colourad ink (i.a. othar than biua or black)/
Encra da couiaur ((.a. autra qua biaua ou noira)

□ Colourad platas and/or illustrations/
Pianchas at/ou illustrations an couiaur

□ Bound with othar matariai/
RaliA avac d'autras documents

Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion
along intarior margin/

La raiiura sarrte paut causar da i'ombro ou da la
distortion la long da la marga intiriaura

Blank leaves added during rr«toratiun may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
il se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutAes
iors d'une restauration apparaissent dans ie texte,
mais. iorsque cela itait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6t* fiimAes.

Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppitmentaires:

Various pagingi.

L'Inatltut a microfllmi la malllaur axamplaira
qu'll lul a At4 poaalbia da aa procurer. Laa d4talla
da eat axamplaira qui aont paut-Atra unlquaa du
point da vua bibllographlqua, qui pauvant modifier
una Image raprodulta, ou qui pauvant exiger une
modification dana la mithoda normala da f llmage
aont Indiqute cl-daaaoua.

D
D
D

D
D

Colourad pagea/
Pages de couleur

Pages damaged/
Pagee andommag4ea

Pagea raatorad and/or laminated/
Pages reetaurAea at/ou palliculAea

Pagea diacoloured, stained or foxed/
Pagea dAcoloriaa. tachatAea ou plqu6ea

Pagea detached/
Pages dAtachAes

Showthrough/
Transparence

Quality of print variaa/
QualitA inAgaia de I'impresslon

includes supplementary material/
Comprend du material suppiAmantaira

r~n Only edition available/

Seule Edition diaponlble

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc.. heve been reflimed to
ensure the best possible image/
Lea pagea totaiement ou partieliement
obscurcies par un feuiilet d'errata. une pelure,
etc., ont At* fiimAea A nouveeu de fa^on A
obtenir ie meilleure imege possible.

Tha
toti

The
poai
ofti
fllml

Orig

bagi

tha

aion

otha

firat

alon

or ill

The
ahail
TINl
whic

Map
diffa
antir
begli
right
requ
met!

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est fiimA au taux de rAduction indiquA ci-dessous.

10X

14X

18X

22X

26X

30X

12X

lex

20X

24X

28X

32X

Th* oopy ftlmtd h«r« Hm b««n raproduecd thanks
to th* g«n«rosity of:

National Library of Canada

L'axamplaira film* f ut raproduit griea i la
gAnAroalt* do:

BibiiotliAqua nationala du Canada

Tha imagas appaaring hare ara tha boat quality
poasibia conaidaring tha condition and lagibillty
of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha
filming contract •pacifications.

Original copias in printad papar covars ara filmad
beginning with tha front covar and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated Impres
slon, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copias are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or iiluatratad impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.

The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol ^^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol Y (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.

Lee images sulvantaa ont At4 reprodultes avec le
plus grand soin. compta tenu de la condition at
da la nettetA de I'exempiaire f ilm4, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

Lea exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est ImprimAe sont fiim^s en commenpant
par le premier plat et en terminant solt par la
darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impreaalon ou d'iilustration, solt par le second
plat, salon le cas. Tous las autres exemplaires
originaux aont fllmto en commenpant par la
premlAre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iilustration et en terminant par
la derniAre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

Un dee symboles suivants apparattra sur la
darniAre image de cheque microfiche, seion le
caa: le symbols —^ signifie "A 8UIVRE", le
symbols ▼ signifie "FIN".

Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre
filmis i dee taux de reduction diff Arents.
Lorsque le document est trop grsnd pour Atre
reproduit en un seul clichA, 11 est film* A partir
de I'angle supArleur gauche, de gauche A droite.
et de haut en bas, en prenant la nombre
d'images nAcessaira. Las diagrammes suivants
lllustrent la mAthode.

32X

I. A SuppL
WORLD

. Achin^ M
Manners,

II. Two V<

fcription (
Logwood-
Campeach)

HI. A Dis

Srorms, S(
of the 1
With an

dudt, Neg

By Ca{

Iiluftratcd

IVinted for J
Crown in [

u. .

(f^-/-. 'u-y/^'h/-.^"

COLLECTION

O F

VOYAGES.

VOL. II. S^ i^^*''^^^

CONTAINING

I. A Supplement to the VOYAGE round the
WORLD : Defcribing the Countries of Tonquin^
Achin, Malacca^ &c. their Produdl, Inhabitants,
Manners, Trade, Policy, ^c.

II. Two VOYAGES to Campeachy, with a Dc-
fcription of the Coafts, Product, Inhabitants,
Logwood-Cutting, Trade, Osff. of Jucatan^
Campeachy, New-Spain, 6cc.

III. A Discourse of Trade-winds, Breezes,
Storms, Seafons of the Year, Tides and Currents
of the Torrid Zone throughout the Wo r l d :
With an Account of Natal in Africk^ its Pro-
duct, Negroes, (iff.

By Capt. WILLIAM DAMPIER.

Iilaftratcd with Maps and Draught s.

LONDON:

Printed for James and John K apton, at ihr;
Crown in St, Paul*$ Church- Yard. Mnccxxix.

.<lt(

Earl of (

Baron <

Admiral

&c. ai

nourablc

My L(

Honourable

former Volu

greeable wi

wending me

always reta

Lordfhip has

fu'ttable to 9

"iJi'here'm the

able to do fo

good Opinion

of me. Tis

To the Right Honourable

EDWARD

Earl of OR FORT), Vifcount Barfleur,
Baron of Sh/ngey, Principal Lord of the
Admiralty, Trcafurcr of His Majcfty's Navy,
&c, and one of His Majcfty's mod Ho-
nourable Privy Council,

My lord,

I S in Acknowledgment of the Fa-
vours your Lordfhip has conferrd
upon me, that I prejume to plaa
your Name before thefe Tapers, The
Honourable Terfon to whom I dedicated my
former Volume could not have taken a more a-
greeable way to befriend me^ than by recom-
mending me to your Patronage i and I fball
always retain a grateful Jenfe of it : Ard your
Lordfhip has been pleas' d to prefer me in a way
fnitable to my Genius and Experiences and
wherein therefore^ if in any way, I may be
able to do fomething toward the preferving the
good Opinion you have been pie a fed to entertain
of me, "lis a further Satisfaction to w<?, that

A i my

■i

^ .:.

l;i'.

■■I

V' 'h

!!fr' >■''

i^'f

DEDICATION.

my Employment is of fuch a Nature as does
not alienate me from your Lordjhtp's more pecu-
liar JurifdiBiony but places me more immedi-
ately mider it, and chiefly accountable to your
felj. IVhatever parts of the World I pjall range
into, I Jhall carry this Comfort alon^wtthme^
that next under the Providence of God, and
his Majefly's TrotcEliony I fhall be fo long as
I am upon the Seas, in the Province, and un-
der the ^ire5iion of your Lordfhip and the Ho-
nourable Board : For whofe Favours to me in
general I have no better way of ExpreJ/ing my
Gratitude, than by doing it thus to your Lord-
fhip, who prefides there. And with thefe Sen-
timent s^ I ambold to fubfcribe my felf,

My Lord,

Your Lordfhip's moft Faithful,

and Devoted Humble Servant,

William D a m p i e p..

THE

PREFACE.

m: 1

N the Preface to my former Volume, I have accounted
for rhe Dclign, and Method, and Scile of thofe Relations
of my Travels. What I have more to fay of that kind,
is chiefly with reference to what I now otFcr the Reader.
Thus far I have thought fit to change my Method in this
VolumC) as to diviae it into diftindt PariS) becau(e the
Matters ic treats ot are fo different from one another, in
point of Time, or other Circumftances : Bu: Itill in each Part I have
taken the (kme Courfe of making (everal Chapters, that this Volunic
might retain fome Uniformity with the other.

The Firft of thefe is that Account I promifcd of my Voyages from
Jchin in Sumatra, to feveral Places in the E. incites ; of which I forbore
to particularize in the former Volume, for Reafons there mentioned. I
have now more thandifchargedmy felf of that Promife : For I have im-
proved my own Obfervations, cfjKcially as to Tonqutn, by thofe of fome
EnglilJ) Gentlemen, who made a conhdcrable iUy in that Kingdom, I
am abundamly fatisfied my Selfof their Ability and Integrity ,• the proper
Qualifications in things of this Nature: And could I have obtained their
leave, the .RM^ralfofliouldhavc hadtheSatisfadionof knowing to v;hcm
he was to afcribe feveral of thofe Particulars : However, I have cuken fre-
quent Occafions to diftinguiili in general what I fiWj from what I was
informed of. I'his part is the Sujiplcment of v.hai; is contained in t!.c
former Volume^ and compleats the Voyage round the IForld.

The Second Part contains what relates to the Timt- 1 ipent in the HiV
of Campeachy, either as a Logwood-Cutter, or a Trader lo them. This
was before I made my Voyage round the World, as ihe Reader v. ill per-
ceive : And upon this Occafion, therefore, I have gone lo far bad:, as
to fpeak of my firft entrance upon this Ramb'ing kind of Life. For the
Account it gives of Canpejchj, and the Neighnounng parts of '/ci^^tun
and Ne%j Spai.'i, &c. I refer the RcaJu to the Wori: it felt".

Til?

.^■^.

. '■'#..

I k

fill' \mi:

The T R E FACE.

The Third Part is an Accounc of the Winds, and Wcathcr> Stormi
Tidesj and Currents oF the Torrid Zoney round the World ^ which ni}f|
be of Ufe towards the Improvemcuc of N.tvi^^athw, and that part
Natural Hiftory. Tis the lubftance of what I have rcmark'd or leamtj
about thines ot that Kind, in lo long a courfe of Roving upon the Seuil
And tho* fhavc noc omitted to fpcuk of thefe Mitters in the feriesoF myl
Voyages, as occalion ofTcredj yet I thought it might not be unacceptable,!
to put them togcihcr in one View alfo by themfelvcs, in a Mcrhodicall
Dili'ourfe, ranging the feveral Particulars under their proper Heads. I

To render thcfe things the more intelligible, I have prefixed peculiar!
Maps: One to each of the foregoing Parts ; but two to this of theWindsJ
drc. tha: the Variety of Trade-Winds might fome way be pictured, a$|
it were* to the Eye; and the Reader might be the lefs liable to be con-
foun led with the Multiplicity of Word*, denoting the feveral Points of I
the Compafs> or other Terms necefTary to the Def»:riptional part of the
Difcourfe. Thcfe Maps contain the Torrid Zow, and fo much towards
each Pole as was of VCe to my D;;ri»n: And the Projection differs in
'his only from the Ojmmon Map;, that in order to fliew the j4f/anti(k\
and South Oceans each in one entire view, the Divifion of the Hcmii"-
phcres is made, not atthefirfl: Meridian, (reckoning from Teneriffey) nor I
at rhe 350th, as is ufual alfo, and as 'tis in the Globe-Map, prefixed to my
firft Volume, but at the 300th, yet ftill retaining the common Graduarion|
in the Equator^ from that cuftomary Meriiianof theC^Mr^nW, QxCVeri.

And upon this mention of the AtUntkk Sea, there \s one thing I would I
obArvc to the Reader » that I ufe that name not only for the North-ScA
as *tfs called, but for this whole Ocean, on both fides of the Equator be-
tween Europe and /^frick on one hand, and America on the other. If I be
qucftioned for taking this Liberty, I fhould think it enough to fay, that I
wanted a general name for this whole Ocean, and T could not find one {
more proper. And yet even as to the Reafon of the thing, if the Difco-
very of a Sea to rhc South of the Ifthmus of Darieny or the MexicanQo^^,
were ground fuflficient for the extending the Name of the South-Sea to all
that largcft Ocean of the World, tho* it lies Weft rather of the whole
Continent of America ; much more may I be allowed a lefs confiderabla
Enlargement of the Name of Atlantick Sea, which others have long fincc
'extended to (b great a Pare of this Ocean, from its Original narrow Con-
fines, the Neighbourhocxl of Mount Atlasy and the Coafts of Mauritania,
1 know that fb much of this Ocean as lies Souchi of the R. Niger, went
ufually by the Name of the ^fhiopick Sea : Yet I can't learn a fufficient
Reafon for it : For tho' 'tis true, that the Ancients called all the South
Parts of Africk to each Sea, j^chiopia, yet even upon this bottom, the
Name of jEthiopick Sea lliould have been left common to the Oceans
on each tide of the Cape of Good Hope. But if the Name muft be appro-
priated, why to this on the Weft of Africa ) why not rather to that on
iti E Coaft .^ which lies nearer the Inuard or more proper Ethiopia, now

the

r^:,

The T R E F A C E.

|l^y/^;;^«e Empire? and confequently might better be called ^thiopitk
a. Accordingly I have ventured to call it 1'j> /V. I. Vage 289 making
It there the fame as the IndiMn ^ which 1 alio make to be all the Ocean from
{he Eaft Coaft of j4frica to the rcmotcft ot the EjJI- 1m Jta Iliands* Ntu-
,l9llamii and Ntw-Gttiwea: The* this Name alio ot /;/a/df;-Sea ha been
inderftood, ufually of narrower bounds. But be that a;; it will, 1 wa^ tor
/ing compreheniive Names ; and therefore thefc three Names (>f ^t/aji-
M, Indian, and Sonth-Sas, or Oceans, ferve me for the whole Ambit of
Ithe Torrid Zonct and what elfe I have occaiion to fpcak of.

To thefc three Parts is added a General Index of both yblutnet. The
iirft Volume Ihould not have been publifhed without one, but that was
Kierv'd to be annexed to this j that the Reader might not have the Trouble
of turning over 2 Alphabets.

Thus what I dcfigned as an Appendix to the former Volume, is grown to
kts felt anfwerable to the other. And I am fenfible there is one part of
^he intended jifpendix yet behind, viz. the Defcription of the South-Ses
iloafts of America, from the SpaniP) Pilot- Book, ^c. I confefs I had
Jthoughts of crowding it into this Volume: But befides thcdrynefs and fa-
(ti^ue of fuch a Work, and the fmall leifure I had for it, I was quite M-
couraged from attempting ir, when upon a nearer View of the matter I
[found in thofe Dcfcriptions and Charts a repugnance with each other in
nany particulars^ and Tome things which from my own Experience I
Ikncw to be erroneous. Indeed as they are, they may be very uleful to Sai-
lors in thofe Parts, being generally right enough in the main : But I waf
Doth to undertake a Work, much of which muft have confided in correc-
jting Miftakes, and yet have left unavoidably many more to be rectified.
Others may have Time and Helps for this Affair ,' and future Difcoveriet
nay give greater Light to direct them. Tome it fhall fuffice, that bating
jthis one particular, I have here endeavoured to perform what I had made
Publick expefl from me.

I. '■

' *

fmcc
Con-

■f SI

)ceans

Ippro-

laton

now

the

THE

* s

The CONTENTS.

PART I.

Ilf Supplement of the Voyage round the Wo» Id.

CHAP. I. Jht Ainhtr't Vfyaf* Jr0m Achin i« Malacca «iij|
Tonquin.
2. Tbt NMtural Statt §f Tonquin.
3. Of tht Saiivttt thtir Cttftcmt, ReliiioH, TraJt, &C.
4 Of the Ciovtrnmtai, Kings, ScUUryt 'i^ Mandarins.

5. rAy«j« /o Tcnan. Thi A.'* Joumf) hy Lwd tt Cachao, «»i|
OtcHrrtntet.

6. Hit return frtm TonquIn, with fome partieuUrs cf Cambodia,!
4ind Dencouli, and Arrival at Malacca and Achin.

7. Achin dtfcribid', its Naturaland Political SutttCttflomtt rrad(,\
Civil War, 8CC.

8. till Voyugi to Malacca again: Malacca dt(<ribii.
fj. His Return to Achin ; yoyage to Fort St. George, and th»n(t\

rofiencouh.- Bcncouh dejcnbed.

PART II.

^be Campeachy Fo-jages,

Chap. I. The A^s Firfi Voyage to Cainpcachy, and Return. Ju-

ca:jii, A!cr,jre<;, and l.of ^m^s defcrib'd.
?. nil Secoifd Vayagt. The U.Coafi oj Campcachy deftrib'd', iu\

Ve^ffr.Ha, Weather^ Anifnals, b<C.
.}. L.o%u'f»)(i Cutting, Feefhuntingf and Oceurreneet.

4 The IV. Coafl of Camp ach/ defcribed, its Mount ain-Cow,\
rndun:;, O'c.

5 Ih Coaft further W. a*>d produfli of Ompcachy and New- 1
i'iJJin dejtnbed. The A.'s return to England.

PART III.

A Difcovirfe of Winds, Storms, Seafons, Tides, and
Currents in tlie Torrid Zom'.

Chap. I. Of the Trite or General TraL-'Vind at Sea, Crcjfni
the [.ine, v'c.

2 . f)f the Coa fling and confiant Trade Winds.

3. Of she Jij if ting Trade-Winds, and Monfoons.

4. Of the ordinary Sea and Land- Breez.es.

5. Of peculiar Breezes, and ff^inds of particular effects, Sumir.R
i'suu Winds, Cartagena Brees^es, Popogaios, Tcrcno's, am
Harmatans.

6. (jf Stortns, Norths, Souths, Hurricanes, Tuffoons, Jioftrr
Monfooiis afjd Elephanra's.

7 0/ ihf Seafons of ttjc Year, Miather, Raint, and Tornadoes.
H. 0/ Tides a»dCMne::tt. Natal </</tr/^ff/i in Fndncl, Negroes, &:(.

ki'

k; .' 1

^F^ Ih^^^v ^^H

'' fw

:|B

'1'

^"^IwR

It fWu^

* 'I

I 'ff

Mr.Dy

His Yo

matn
Place.

The Connexic
age round
parture ft
matra w/r/
along the
Nuttce, a
Kingdom o
Timaon:
ore. Sho
di, Coajt
chinchincfc
^Quinam.
WTackt Mi
Vol. II.

An. 1688'

»i&S) «@l^ «)[3) UBS!) i^ ®@) <Q(9i «)fif (S^ (^
i4»S) «)@)tf® (S(8) ^1:® (g)3n 1^ £)S» £)£)i@^ £® lg^

Mr. DJMTlER's Voyages.

VOL. II.

Part. I.

His VoY \G¥.from Achin in Su-
matra, to Tonquin, and other
Places in the Eaft-Indies. «

CHAP. I.

i- <.i

The Connexion of this T>ifiourJe with the Voyr
age round the World. The Authors ^^-
farture from Achin /» the Ifle of S\x^
matra with Captain Weldon. Their Courfe
along the Streights of Malacca. Pulo
Nuttce, and other IJlands. The R, and
Kingdom of Jihore. Pulo Oro, and Pulo
'' maon : Green Turtle there, Pulo Con-
ore. Shoals of Pracel, River of Czmho-
di, Coa[i of Champa, Pulo Canton. Co-
chinchincfc, Pulo ChampcUo, R. and City
^^Z" Qui nam. Oil of f^orpujjes and Turtle, Ship-
wrackt Men detained ufually at Cochinchina
Vol, II. B and

'. :

"Sr

\ :

w ,

I i

■ %

i !!

> i

HI'

44 i ■ ^J-^: *

'^ih l6S8

.J
1 ' i

ne Connexion li'hh the former Vol.

and Pegu. Aguala Pf^ood from the Bay of
Siam. Bayof1ow(\mn. I of Ayiumy and

, ether Iflands. Rokbo one Mouth of the chief
/?.<?/ tonquin. Filhcrs /. River of Domzz,
the other Mouth. Its Bar and Entrance.
Mount airt Elephant. T earl- 1 [lands. Tilots
of Batflia. Ihiygo up the River of Domea.
i)omca and its Gardens, and Dutch there.
They leave their Ships at Anchor above it,
iL'here the Natives build a To'H'n. They go
up to the chief City in the Country Boats.
The River and the Country about it. Leprous
Beggars. Hean, a Town of note -, Chincic
there. The Governour^ Shipping and Tide.
They arrive at Cachao, the Metropolis of

. Toiiquin.

TH E Reader will find upon perufing my Vcy
age round the WoHdy that I then omitted to
fpeak particularly of the Excurfions I made
to 1'onquinj to Malacca^ Fort St George, and Bencotili,
from Achin in the Ifle of Sumatra \ together wuh
the Defcription I intended to give of thofe Parts.
I do but juft mention them there ; but Ihall now
proceed to a more diftinft Account of them.

And to keep to the Order of Time, the Reader
may recolledt , that" my firft Departure from
jdchin was to Tofiquitt, along with Captain Weldony
about 7«/^ 1 68 8. as I have laid p. 505 th of my
former Volume, I have there related in a page
or two before, to how weak a Condition my felf
and my Companions were brought, through the
Fatigues of our Paflage from Nicobar to Aehin : yet
did not my Weaknefs take me off from contriving
fomc Emploj^ment or Expedition, whereby I might
have a comfortable Subfiftcncc, Captain ff^elcJon

^ touched

ne Author f

touched here,

him from Fori

the Streights o

ther he was be

tunity of tryin

invited me, anc

becaufe he hac

Advice I need

particularly ani

ved upon this ^

dition than my

fed to buy a SV

make me Com

from thence to

fome others ol

Trade has been ;

our Country-mc

turn to a good i

nothing.

However, C

Bufinefs 2ii Achin

the Streights of }

Town of Malacc

f fliall have a b

Here we found

by Captain Wr'tgh

was bound to Ck

refrefh, as is ufu

Streights. By liir

ther Englifh Ships

on to the Eaftwar

came from Fort

Captain Weldon : I

mt, they in the r

3ge, got the Sta

H'is foon ready to

fiext Morning aft<

The Author fet 5 out /r<?w Achin /<;r Tonquin. 3

rouched here, to fell the Slaves he had brought with^». ifigg.
him from tort St. George •, it being in his way to v'V^SJ
the Streights of Malacca , and fo to Tonquifj, whi-
ther he was bound. This afforded me the Oppor-
tunity of trying that Voyage, to which he kindly
invited me, and to which I was the more incouraged
becaufe he had a good Surgeon in his Ship, whofe
Advice I needed : and my Friend Mr. Hail was
particularly animated thereby ; who had alfo refol-
ved upon this Voyage, and was in a weaker Con-
dition than my felf. Befides, Capt. JVeldon promi-
fed to buy a Sloop at Tonquin^ of which he would
make me Commander, to go a trading Voyage
from thence to Cochinchina^ Champa^ Cambodia^ or
fome others of the adjacent Countries : which
Trade has been fcarce, yet has been attempted by
our Country-men, and there were Hopes it might
turn to a good Account i but this Projeft came to
nothing.

However, Captain IVeldon having finifhed his
Bufinefs at vfiT^fw, I fet out thence with him thro*
the Streights of Malacca^ and we foon arrived at the
Town 01 Malacca: of which Town and Country,
I fliall have a better Occafion to fpeak hereafter.
Here we found the C(sfar of London, commanded
by Captain Wrighty who came from Bombay, and
was bound to China. He ftopt here to water and
refrefh, as is ufual for Ships to do that pafs thefe
I Streights. By Iiim we were informed that three o-
ther Engli/h Ships had touched here, and were paft
on to the Eaftward ten Days before, Thefe 3 Ships
came from Fort St. George, in Company with
Captain Weldon : but his Bufinefs calling him to yf-
\(hin, they in the mean Time profecuting their Voy-
age, got the Start of us thus much. The Ccefar
I Wis foon ready to fail again, and went away the
Ifiext Morning after our Arrival at Malacca,

B 2

Our

y ■ >■ '■ )»■? i ft"

m 'I

mm ■ I ■■ V

lip; ^;.1-| ^ < j ;■• J||; ':

S.\'> ■ Ifi w *^

i:i

4 Pulo Nuttcc. a. and K. of Jihorc.

An. 1688. Our Captain being a Stranger to the Bay of Ton-
Ky^yf"^^ quin^ as were all his Ship's Company, he hired a
Dutch Pilot at Malacca i and having finifhcd his
Bu finds iheie, we fet fail, two Days after the Cir-
far. We were dcfirous to overtake thcfe four
Ships, and therefore crouded all the Sail we could
make •, liaving a ftrong wefterly Wind, accompa-
nied with many hard Gufts and Tornadoes : and
the very next Day we got Sight of them ; for they
had not yet pafied through a narrow Paflage, called
the Streights of Sincapore. We foon got up with
them, and pad through together i and failing
about three Leagues farther we anchored near an
Idand called Pulo Nuttce, belonging to the Kingdom
of J i bore.

Here Captain Weldon took in Wood and Water,
and fome of the Indian Inhabitants came aboard us
in their Canoas, of whom we bought a few Coco-
nuts, Plantains, and frefli Filh. W^e Raid here not
above four and twenty Hours i tor the other Ships
had filled moft of their Water at other Iflands near
this, before we came up with them : for tho' Ships
do ufually take in Water at Malacca Town, yet
they do as frequently difcharge it again at fome of
thefe Iflands, and take in better.

We lailed the next Day, and kept near the Ma-
lacca Shore •, and there pafiing by the Mouth of the
River Jihorc, we left many other Iflands on our
Starboard-fide.

The River of Jihorc runs by the City of that
Name, which is the Seat of the little Kingdom of
Jihore. This Kingdom lies on the Continent ot
Malacca^ and confifts of the extremity or doubling
of that Promontory. It abounds with Pepper, and
other good Commodities.

They are a Mahometan People, very warlike,
and dcfirous of Trade. They delight much in
Shipping and going to Sea^ all the neighbouring

Iflands

Vejfels I?/ Jihore, PuloOro, <7»^/Timaon. i

Iflands in a Manner being Colonies of this King- -^^ '688.
dom, and under its Government. They coaft ^"^''^-
about in their own Shipping to fevcral Parts of
Sumatra^ Java^ &c. their Vcflels axe but fmall,
yet very ferviceable •, and the Dutch buy up a great
many of them at a fmall Price , and make
good trading Sloops of them. But they firft fit
them up after their own Fafhion, and put a Rud-
der to them, which the Jiborinus don't ufc, tho*
they arc very good Seamen in their way y but they
make their Vefiels fharp at each End, though
but one End is ufed as the Head ; jind inllead ofa
Rudder, they have on each Side the Stern a Thing
like a very broad Oar, one of which they let
down into the Water at PIcafure, as there is Oc-
cafion to ftepr the Ship either to the one Side or
the other, always letting down that which is to
the Leeward. They have Proes of a particular
Neatneis and Curiofity. We call them Plalf-moon
Proes, for they turn fo much at each End from
the Water, that tHey much refemble a Half-moon,
with the Horns upwards. They are kept very
ck-an, fail well, and are much ufed by them in their
Wars. T'he People of yibor?'ha.re formerly endea-
voured to get a Commerce with our Nation. For
what Reafoh that Trade is ' riegledted by us, Iknow
not. The D///r/:j trade very much there •, and have
lately endeavoii'red to bring the King, who is very
young, to ihck Bow.

At the farther End of the Strcights of Malacca,
among many other Iflands^ we failed by thofe of
Puh Opo,^ and Pt/lo Tiinaon : which laft is a'place
often touched at for W^bSoidi ^Wacer, and other Rc*^
frefliments, tho' we paft by it. Among Other things,
there are' great Plenty 6f excellent Green Turtle
among thefe Iflands. ■*. '• <'

Being at length got' clear of the Iflands into
the wide Ocean , we lUered away ftill toi>other

B 3 tiit

■V Vv., ^

ITJ

'I*;

m^:

'«1

-^tt" t

•II

Fulo Canton and Champcllo.

^^i^-till ^e came in fight of Pulo Condore^ when having
all brought to, and fpoke with each other, wc part-
ed for pur fevcraj Voyages. The Cafar and two
others, that were bound to Cbina^ (leered away
to the Eaftward, keeping to the South of Pulo Con-
dore i it being their beft Courfe, thereby to avoid
the Jarge Sholes of PraceL Wc and the Saphire of
port St George, commanded by Captain Lacy, (leered
more Northerly j and leaving Pulo Condore on our
Starboard, we haPd in for the Continent, and fell
in with it near the River of Ca?nbodia, But leaving
this alfo on our Starboard fide, we coaded alon^
to the Eaftward, keeping near the Champa Shore,
and coming to the Point of Land that bounds the
S. W. part of the Bay of Tonquin, we doubled it,
and coafting to the North \ leaving Champa ft ill on
our Larboard fide, and the dangerous Shoals of
Pracel about 12 or 14 Leagues off on our Starboard
fide, we kept along fair by tiie Shore, juft without
pulo Canton.

This Ifland lies in about 13 d. North. It is much
frequented by the Corhincbinefe, whofc Country be-
gins hereabouts, bordering on the Kingdom of
Champa. They are moft Filhermen that com j hi
ther, and their chief Bufinefs is to make Oyl of
PorputTes s for thefe Fi(h are found in great Plenty
here at fome Seafons of the. Year, and then the Co-
chinchinefe refort hither to take them. The People
that we found on Pulo Condore, mention(jd in the
14th Chapter of my Voyage? round tlie World,
page 395, were of thefe Qochinchinefi. Tlie Turtle
alfo which they catch, is chiefly in order to make
Oyl of their Fat : And there is a great Store of Tur-
tle on all this Coaft.

We coafted yet farther on this Shore, till we
came to the iflands of Champello. Thefe may
feem to have fome Affinity to Champa, by the
Sound of the Word, which one would take to be a

Per-

le
a

R and C. €f QvixMm, *»</ Cochinchincfc. 7

Portu<fuef: diminutive of Champa \ yet they Jyc on tlie-^"- «6M.
(iichinchim Coaft, and belong to it, tho' uninhabited. '^^V^J
Tlicy are 4 or 5 in Number, and lye 4 or 5 Leagues
from the Shore. They are called Champellade la Mar^
to diftinguilh them from others lying fartlier down
in the Bay of Tonqttin, called Champello di Terra, Thefc
l;ift lye in about 16 d. 45 m. North, but the Iflands
of Champello ds la Mar lye in about 13 d. 45 m. N.
Over againft thefe laft Iflands, on the Main,
there is a Irirge navigable River empties it fclf into
the Sea. The City of ii^inam ftands on the Banks
of this River, and is feid to be the principal
City of the Kingdom of Cocbmcbina. As to its
Diftance from the Sea, its Bignefs, Strength, Riches,
Uc. I am yet in the dark : only I have been in-
form*d, that if a Ship is call away on this Kingdom,
the Seamen that elcMpe drowning and get afliore
become Slaves to the King. Captain John Tiler
was thus ferv*d,- and defpaired of evci* getting his
Freedom •, bur after a confiderable Stay there he
was taken NoriCe of by the Kmg, and upon Pro-
mi fe of returning thither again to trade there, he
was fent away* I failed in a Vcirel of his after
this : but 1 never found him inclin'd to Trade
thither any more. Mowever , notwithftanding
this their Severity to Shipwrackt People, I have
been informed by Captain Tiler and others, that
they have a Defii^ to Trade, though they are yet
deftitute of the Means to attain it. This Defire ot'
Trade, they fcem to have taken up from fome
Chinefe Fugitives, who fled from the Tartars^ when
they conquered their Country : and being kindly
received by thefc Cocbmhlnefi, and having among
them many Artificers, rhey infl:ru6ted their kind
Protedtcfrs in m;Miy ufefui Arts, of which they were
wholly ignorant before. 'Tis probable this their
Cufl^om of fcizing Shipwrackt Seamen may footi
vanifli by the conaing in oi Trade, which h already

B 4 ad-

\'. "■:

'■\i

•is i ' *.

t A^mh-waoti. I. of Ay x\Am.

'An. irtM.advanrinp; amonp tlicm ; for the Merchants of
•''^^^ Cbiim do now drive fnmefmall TrafFirk among thrlr
People, and frtrh thence fomr fm.ill Quantities ol
iVpper, Livtum, /lines, and /Iguala V/ood, whi(h
is much efiecmed for its r^rr. Scent, and i.i v< jy
valuable in other IMafcs of Indta. 'i'hcy alfo
fcrrh Betic from hence, it growing here in p,re.ii
ricnty. I have had no Account of any Shipping,
the Cocbinchtnrh: have of their own, ^nit I have
met with them in their open Ho.»ts ' tour, hvr,
or fix I'uni imployiiif^ themfelves diiefly in \\v\-
ting l*icrh and Jar from Pulo Cnndore, in lilhing
about the Coad and Ifland to get Oyl, and in fetrlu
iw^^ A^ial a Wood from the Bay o{'Sinm\ wliich,
whether it grows there or no, 1 ran^t tell, but I
have heard that *tis only Drift- wood cafb alhorc l>y
ihf Sea,

The fei/.ing Shipwrackt Men his Ix'cn al(o a
Oiflom at Pe^u\ but whether ftiH continued 1
know not. 'J'hev lookt on iuth as Men prclrrv-
f d by God, purpofely for thcni to feed and main-
tan» ; and therefore the King ordered them to be
maintained by his Sulv^-^ts ; nciilicr was any
Work required of them, bii tliey bad I^iberey to
Ivg. By this means they get Food and Kaimcnt
from the Inhabitants, who were zcaloudy clvari*
iaf>le to tliem.

But to proceed •, wc kept a little without all the
filands and coafting five or fix Leagues further,
wf5 Hood right over towards the N. !•'. Cpd of the
Bay of ioiitfuin. The Bay of ^onquin has its I'-n*
trance between the S. K. Point of Champa on ti\e
Welt-fidc, which lies in the L.at. of about 1 2 d.
North, and tlie Ifland of //ywrfw near the S. \V.
part of Cbina^ on the Eall fide. The Ifland of Aj-
namh in about 19 d. North. It is a pretty conli-
derable Ifland, well peopled with C/^/w^y^ Inhabi-
tants. They luive SJiips of their own, and drive

a grc.u

B. of Tonquin. P. Rokbo.

a pmt Tr;ul(! l)y Sen. I hiivc (fct\ many of their ^» •'^W.
Ships, (onu! of loo i'un, with Outl.igcrii on both ~
Sides, und oihcr^ likr ortliiiiiry Jonks, without Oiil-
laprrs i hiir ^m wholly ignorant of their 'J'radc^
any farther thin what I have mrntioncd of fhcir
luvinc; P<arJ Oyftcrs tlirrr, in the 7th Chapter of
my f^oya^e rouNfl ihi ff^orlj^ \*'>^',^ ^7A-

Near the CotI of the IJ.iy of f'oncjnin there are
Ahunilance of (mall Ill.inds, of which I fhall fj>cak
morr hrrcaficr. J'hc Mouth of the Bay Iccnis td
be barrel! up with liic j^rrat Shol'! of Pracel^ wjiick
lies fl retched at lenj/jth before it, yet leaving two
wide Ch.ioncis, one at ear l» J' nd i lb that .Ships
may pals in or o.:r (it her way. And therefore cv(;n
the Ships tliat are bf)und frf)n) tlie Slreights of Ma-
Ltcr.i or Slum to (ihinuy may us v/rll pais to and fiom
within the Shole as without.

The Bay of I'onfjuin is about ;^o Leagues wide in
the broadell I'larc. There is p,ood Soundinj', and
Anchoring all over it: and in the Middle, whrre it
isdecpeff:, there in about 4O f-ai horn water. 'J'herc
voii liave black ( )a/.e, and dark IV-ppery Sand :
hut on the Weft- fide there is reddiih (^axy Sand.
ii(;(ide the orjier Iflands before-mentioned, there
arc others of lels Note on the CochiuJ.vnn Coafl \ but
none of thein all above four or li/e Miles from t)]€
Shore.

In the Bottom of the Bay alio, there are fom?
fmajl Iflands, clofe by the ^on^uin Shore : 2 of thefe
;ire of efpecial Note, nor for their Bignefs, but
lor Sea-marks of the 2 principd Rivers, or Mouth
rather of the chief River of Tonquin, Ojm;
of thefe Riverr, or Mouths, is called Rokho. It
(liUluirges it felf into the Sea near the N. W. Cor
iicr of the Bay : and the Mouth of it is in about
20 d. 6 m. N. This River or Branch I was not at,
but have been informed, that it has not above i ?.
I oot Water at the i:lntrancc i but tJwt its Bottom

'il

Hi-

10 F'tjhers /. R,of Domca.'

''Jn. 1688. Is loft Oaz, and therefore very convenient for
^^VV fn,all Vcflels, and it is the way that all the Cbmft
and SiafHATS do ufe. About a I-caguc to the WcU-
ward of this River's Mouth, there is a fmall pretty
high Ifland call'd Fijhers IJland. It lieth iibout
two Mile from the Shore, and it h;ith good An-
choring about it in 1 7 or 1 8 Foot Water : and
therefore it is not only a Sea-mark for the River,
but a fecure place to ride in, and very convenient
for Ships to anchor .it, to fhelier themfclvcs when
they come hither, elpccially if they have not a pre-
fcnt Opportunity to enter the River \ either
bccaufe of coming too late in the Year, or being
hind red by bad Weather.

The other River or Mouth, was that by which
wc entered i and 'tis larger and deeper than the
former. I know not its particular Name •, bu*- for
diftindlion 1 Ihall call it the River of Domea\ bc-
caufe the firft Town of Note, that I Hiw on its Bank
was fo called. The Mouth of the River is in
lat. 20 d. 45 m. It difembogues 20 Leagues to
the N. E. of Rokbo. There are many dangerous
Sands and Shoals between thcfe two Rivers, which
ftretch into the Sea 2 Leagues or mort : and all the
Coaft, even from the Cochinchina Shore on the Well,
to China on the Eall, admits of Shoals and Sands,
which yet in fome Places lie ftretched farther off
from the Shore than in others.

This River of Domea is that by which moft
European Ships enter, for the Sake of its Depth : yet
here is a Bar of near two Mile broad, and the Chan-
nel is about half a Mile broad, having Sands on each
Side. The Depth of the River is various at different
Times and Seafons, by the Relation of the Pilots who
are beft acquainted here : for at fome Times of the
Year here is not above 15 or 16 Foof Water on a
Spring Tide ; and at other Times here are 26 or 27
Foot. The higheft Tides are faid to be in the

Months

lOft

yet

lun-

:ach

krcnc

Iwho

the

)n a

27
the

Inths

The Channel. -A/. Elephant. Batdia.* it

Monchi of Novembfr^ Ddembir^ and January^ when ^». >6«t.
the Northerly Monfoons blow ; and the lowed in V^VV>
Majy Juncy and 7«/>, when the Southerly Mon-
foons blow i but to be particular in them is beyond
my Experience.

The Channel of the Bar is hard Sjind, which
makes it the more dangerous : and the Tides whirl-
ing among the Sands, fet divers ways in a Tides
Time ; which makes it rhe more dangerous dill.
Therefore Ships that comt hither, commonly wait
for a Pilot to direct them, and if they arrive when it
is Nepc-tide, they muft (lay for a Spring before 1
Pilot will come oft to take Charge of them. The
Mark of this River is a great high ridgy Mountain
in the Country, callM the Elephant. This muft be
brought to bear N. W. by N : then fteering towards
rlie Shore, tlic Water runs Ihallower, till you come
into 6 Fathom, and then you will be two or three
Miles from the Foot or Entrance of the Bar, and a-
t}out the fame Diftance from a fmall Ifland called
Vcarl IJknd ; which will then bear neareft N. N. E.
Having thefe Marks and Depth, you may anchor,
and wait for a Pilot.

The Pilots for this River are Filhermen, who
live at a Village called Batjha^ at the Mouth of the
River ; fo feated, that they can fee all Ships that
wait for a Pilot, and hear the Guns too, that are
often fired as Signals by Europeans^ t»givc Notice of
their Arrival.

It was in the Road before the Bar, in Sight of
the Elephant Land, that we found the Rainbow of
London, Captain Pool Commander, riding and
waiting for a Pilot, when we and Captain Lacy
arrived. Captain Pool came direftly from England^
and pafling thro' the Streights of Sundy, touched
at Batavia.

He had lain here 2 or 3 days before we arriv*d :
but the Spring-tides coming on, the Pilots came

aboard,

h *

["■ i i'

:' 'I

,1 it

12 '^« ^ Domca. The Dutch there S

wf». irtss aboard, and we all three in Company paflfed in o
*^^^^ vcr the Bar," and entring aboirt half-flood, we had
14 Foot and a half Water on the Bar. Being got
dver the Bar, . we found it deeper, and the Bottom
fofr Oaze. The River at its Mouth is above a Mile
wide, but grows narrower as you run farther up.
We had a moderate Sea-breeze, and having- a good
Tide of P'lood, made the belV of it to reach to our
anchoring Place. .

- Having run about five or fix Leagues up the Ri-
ver, we palt oy a Village called Domea. This is a
handfome Village : and 'twas the firfl: of Note that
we faw Handing on the Banks. 'Tis feated on the
Starboard- fide going up, and fo nigh the River,
that the Tide fometimes wafhes the Walls of the
Houfes, for the Tide rifes and falls here nine or tea
Foot. This Village confifts of about lOo Houfes,
The D«/i/7 Ships that trade here do always lye in
the River before this Town, and the Dutch Seamen,
by their annual Returns hither from Batavia, are
very intimate with the Natives, and as free here as
at their own Homes : for the 'Tonquinefe in general
arc a very fociable Pcuple, efpecially the Traders
and poorer Sort : but of this more in its proper
Place. The Dutch have inftrufted the Natives in
the Art of Gardening : by which means they have
Abundance of Herbage for Sallading ; which among
other Things is a great Refrefhment to the DutJ}
Seamen, when they arrive here. -•

.V Tho' the Dutch who come to trade in this King-
dom, go no higher with their Ships than this Dc-
sneay ;yet the Englijh ufually go about 3 Mile farther
.up, and there lye at Anchor during their Stay in
this Country. We did fo at this Time, and pafling
by Domea came to an anchor at that Diftance. The
Tide is not fo ftrong here as at Domea i but we
found not one Houfe near it : yet our Ships had not
lain their many- Days beforp the Natives came from
.^ I : . alll

They anchor and are vijitedfrom Cachao.

all the Country about, and fell a building them^'^
Houfes after their fafliion •, fo that in a Month's time ^
there was a little Town built near our anchoring
Place. This is no unufual thing in other parts of
hid'ia^ efpecially where Ships lye long at a place, the
poorer fort of Natives taking this Opportunity to
truck and barter ; and by fome little Offices, or
Begging, but efpecially by bringing Women to let
to hire, they get what they can of the Seamen.

This place where our Ships rode at Anchor was
not above 20 Miles from the Sea : but the Trade
of the Kingdom is driven at Cachao^ the principal
City i where for that Reafon the Engliflj and Dutch
Eaji- India Companies have each of them their
ladors conftantly refiding. The City was far-
mer up the River, about 80 Miles fjrom our an-
choring Place •, and our Captains got themfelves in
a readinefs to go up thither •, it being uiual to fend
up the Goods in the Country Boats, which are large
ind commodious enough -, and the hire is pretty
reafonable both for the Veflfels, and the Men who
manage tliem. They arc Tonqiiinefe^ and ufe both
Oars axid Sails. Our Factory at Cachao had news
of our arrival before we came to an Anchor, and
immediately the chief of the Factory, with fome
of the King of 'Tonquin^s Officers, came down to
us, by that time we had lain there about 4 or 5
Days, The 'Tonqninefd Officers came xo take an ac-
count of the Ships and Lading, and our Captains
received them with great civility, firing of Guns,
feafting for 2 or 3 Days, and Prefents alfp at their
return back to Cachao. ■ ;

Soon after their departure, the chief of the
FaAory returned thither again, and with him
went our three Captains, and fome others, among
whom I got leave to go alfo. Captain IVeldon had
recommended me to the chief of the Factory, while
he wafi aboard us : and my going up now to the

City,

1688.

hii'lr

nJ-

^' .li'i

\ I

i \i

14 Tleafant Trofpe6i, Leprous Beggars. Hcan

An, 1 688. City, was in Order to have his Afliftance in the
yyy^ Voyage to Cocbinchina, Champa, or • Cambodia,
which Captain IVeldon had contrived for me ; nor
was it his Fault that it came to nothing.

We went from our Ships in the Country Boats
we had hired, with the Tide of Flood, and ancho-
red in the Ebb : For the Tide runs ftrong for thirty
or forty Miles beyond the Place where we left
our Ships. Our Men contented themfelves with
looking after their Goods fthe Tonquinefe being ve-
ly light-finger'd) and left the Management of the
Boats entirely to tiie Boat's Crew. Their Boars
have but one Maft ; and when the Wind is againft
them they take it down, and ply their Oars. As
we advanced thus up the River, fometimes rowing,
fomctimes failing, we had a delightful Profpecl
over a large level fruitful Country. It was gene-
rally either Pafture or Rice-iields •, and void of
Trees , except only about the Villages , which
flood thick , and appeared mighty pleafant at a
Diftance. There are^ many of thefe Villages
ftand clofe to the Banks of the Rivers, incom-
pafTed with Trees on the Backfidc only, but open
to the River.

When we came near any of thefe Villages, we
were commonly encounter'd with Beggars, who
came off to us in little Boats made of Twigs, and
plaiftered over both Infide and Outfide with Clay,
but very leaky. Thefe were a poor Leprous Peo-
ple, who for that Reafon are compcll'd by the reft
to live by themfelves , and are permlrted to beg
publickly. As foon as they fpied us they fet up a
loud doleful Cry, and as we pad by them we threw
them out fome P ice, which they received with great
Appearance of Joy.

In about four Days Time we got to Hcan^ a Town
on the Eaft-fide of the River ; which is here en-
lire i for a little before wc came to Mean we met

the

Chincfc and French Faftories at Hcan.^ i$

the main Stream where it parts into the two Chan-i^ff. f6S«^
nels, that of Domea^ whicli wc came tip, and the o- ^^^^V^-^
ther of Rokbo : making a large and triangular Ifland
between them and the Sea ; the Mouths of
thofe Channels being, as I have faid, 20 Leagues
afunder.

Hean is about 60 Miles from the Place where we
left our Ships, and about 80 from the Sea thac
way : But along the River or Cnannel Rokbo^ where.
the Land trends more to the Southward, it Teems
to be farther dillant from the Sea. 'Tis a confido-
rable Town, of about 2000 Houfes ; but the In-
habitants are mofl poor People and Soldiers, wh<»
keep a Garrifon there ; tho' it has neither Walls,
Forr, nor great Guns.

Here is one Street belonging to the Chinefe Mer-
chants, For fome Years ago a great many lived
at Cacbao'i till they grew fo numerous, that the
Natives themfelves were even fwallowed up by
them. The King taking Notice of it, ordered
them to remove from thence, allowing them to
Hve any where but 'n the City, But the aiiajor
Part of them prefently forfook the Country, as not
finding it convenient for them to live any where
but at Cachao ; becaufe that is the only Place of
Trade in the Country, and Trade is the Life of a
Chinefe. However fome of them were content to
fettle at Hean^ where they have remained ever (ince.
And thcfe Merchants, notwithftanding the Prohi-
bition, go often to Cachao^ to buy and fell Goods v
but arc not futfer'd to make it their conftanc Refi-
dence. There were two of thefe China Merchants
who traded yearly to Japan, with raw and wrought
Silks, bringing back Money chiefly. Thefe all of
them wore long Hair braided behind, as their own
Country Fafliion was before the Tartarian Conqueft.
The French too have their Factory here, noc
being allowed to fix at Cackto and their Bilhops

Pa-

•5,1,

■ :A;

H . ■

f:1

,idi

, ;■

ii'

: :•'

I i

16 The Author s Arrival at C^ch^iO.

.An. 1688 Palace is the faireft building in Hean: but of this
i^^V^ I ihall have occafion to fpeak more hereafter.

The Governor of the adjacent Province lives
here. He is one of the principal Mandari}is of the
Nation, and he has always a great many Soldiers
in the Town, and inferiour Officers, whom he
employs at his j)leaUire on any Occafion. Bcfides,
here are alfo fome of the King's River Frigats,
,\vhich I fhall hereafter defcribe, ready to be fent
on any Expedition : and tho' no Europeans come
«p fo far as this with their Ships, (that I could
learn) yet the Siamites and Chinefe bring their Ships
up the River Rokbo, quite to Hean, and lie at
Anchor before it : and we found there feveral Chi-
nt^fe Jonks. They ride a-float in the middle of
the River ; for the Water does not rife and fall
much at this place : Neither is the flood difcerned
by the turning of the flream i for that always
runs down, tho' not fo fwift near full Sea as at
other times : for the Tide prefling againft the
Stream, tho* faintly fo far up the River, has not
Power to turn it, but only flackens its Courfe, and
makes the Water rife a little.

The Governor or his Deputy gives his Chop or
Pafs to all Veflels that go up or down ; not fo
much as a Boat being fuffer'd to proceed without
it. For which Reafon we alfo made a Scop : yet
we flayed here but a little while ; and therefore
I did not now go afliore j but had a while after this
a better Opportunity of feeing Hean,

From HeiW we went up to Cachao in our Boats,
being about 2 Days more on our Voyage, for wc
had no Tide to help us. We landed at the Englijh
Fadtory, and Tftayed there 7 or 8 Days, before I
went down to our Ships again in one of the Coun-
try Boats. We had good weather coming up:
but it rained all the time of this my firft ftay at
Cachao \ and we had much wet weather after this.

Buc

Obfervatlons about the State of Tonquin.' 17

lut having got thus far, I fhall now proceed to-rf».i688.
[ive fomc general Account of this Country j^
[om my own Obfervations, and the Experience of
lerchants and others worthy of Credit, who
ivc had their Refidencc there, and fomc of
lem a great many Years.

Vol. U.

C H A Pj

!«I1

tii'' It 1

111 - ' :

:i''^

tmi '

'■,: ■ I

)^\

■':,(

;•!;

P 'i'.

:,'li

Nil ..ui^ ,

I Iff'; ■

H; Vt 'Ml

^9 The Situathtt of the Kingdam of Tonqain.

An. 1688.

;i:

i(i,f

VwW

■• . ..• t

CHAP, II.

Tohqirin, its S'ltimtion, Soil, Waters, andTm
vinces. Its natural Troduce, Roots, ^derbli
Fruits, andTrees. The Cam-chain and Camj
quit Oranges. Their Limes, &c. Their BcJ
tie and Lichca Fruit. The ?or\Q tree ^ Lack]
trees, Mulbcrry-^r^^-'x, a7id Rice, Thetr Lanl
Animals, Fowl, tame and "-juild j Nets fm
wild ^ucks, Locujis, Fifh, BalachaurJ
Nukemum-^/V^/f, Soy, and manner oj /v/J
ing. The Market, 'Provijtcns, Food m\
Cookery, Their Chau or Tea. The Tempi
rature of their Air and Weather througlm
the Tear, Of the great Hears near the \\\
picks. Of the yearly Layid Floods here, ai
elfewhere in the Torrid Zone, and of the
*verflowmg of the Nile in Egypt. Of Storr\
called Tuffoons : and of the Influence t\\
Rains have on the Harveji at Tonquij
and elfewhere in the Torrid Zone,

TH E Kingdom of I'onquin is bounded to t!
North and North Eaft with China, to tj
Weft with the Kingdom of Laos, to the S. ari
E. with Cochiiichina and the Sea, which waflies
part of this Kingdom. As to the particular Bouni
or Extent of it, I cannot be a competent Juds
coming to it by Sea, and going up diredly
Cachao : but it is reafonable to believe it to be
pretty large Kingdom, by the many great Pn
vinces which are faid to be contained in it. Th
part of the Kingdom, that borders on the Sea, is

vei

to ti
to tJ

S. arl
allies I
Bounl

Judg

aiy

to be I
Ht Pr

Thl

a, is!
vel

Its Make, Soil, and IP^aters* 19

very low Land : neither is there any Hill to be feen, An. 1688.
but the Elephant Mountain, and a Ridge of a much '*>'V^
lefs Heighth continued from thence to the Mouth
of the River of Domea. The Land for about fixty
Miles up in the Country is ftill very low, even and
plain : nor is it much higher, for about forty Miles
farther quite to Cachao, and beyond it ; being v.ith-
oiJt any fehfible Hill, tho* generally of a tolerable
good Heighth, and with fome gentle Rifings here
and there, that make it a fine pleafant Champion ;
and the further Side of this alfo is more Level than
the Champion Country it felf about ILan or Caoao,
Farther Hill to the North, beyond all this, I have
been informed that there is a Chain of high Moun-
tains, running crofs the Country from Eaft to
Weft i but I could get no Intimation of what is be-
yond them.

The Soil of this Country is generally very rich :
That very low Land I fpeak of towards the Sea, is
moll black Earth, and the Mould pretty deep. In
fome Places there's very ftrong Clay. The Cham-
pion L-'nd is generally yellowifh or greyifli Earth,
of a loofcr and more friable Subftance than the for-
mer : yet in fome Places it has a Touch of tlie Clay
too. in the plain Co^mtry, near the Mountains
laft mentioned, there are faid to be fome high fteep
Rocks of Marble fcattered up and down at unequal
Dillances, which Handing in that large pkin Savan-
nah, are like fo many great Towers or Gaflles: and
I they appear more vifible, becaufe the Land about
them is not burdened with Wood, as in fome
Places in its Neighbourhood.

1 have faid fomewhat already of the great River
and its two Branches Rokho and Domea, wherewith
this Country is chiefly water'd : tho' it is not d^fti-
tuce of many other pleafant Streams, that are loft
in thefe, in their Courfe towards the Sea : and
probably there are many others, that run imme-

C 2 diatcly

': «!•'

"T.i'-.if

' (If

Mr.

li '

I i;

! U

2G The Provinces of Tonquiti.

Jin. i688diatcly into the Sea, through their own Channels,
^•OP*^ tho* not fo navigable as the other. The Country in
general is very well watered •, and by Means of the I
great Navigable River and its Branches, it has the
Opportunity of Foreign Trade. This rifcs about
the Mountains in the North, or from beyond them }
whence running Southerly toward the Sea, it pafles
thro' the before- mentioned Plain of Marble Rocks,
and by that Time it comes to Cachao, which is about
forty or fifty Miles to the South of the Mountains,
'lis about as broad as the Thames at Lambeth : yet
fo fhallow in the dry Seafon, as that it may be ford-
ed on Horfeback. At Heattj twenty Miles lower,
'tis rather broader than the 'Thames at Grave/end \\
and fo below Hean to the Place where it divides it
klf.

The Kingdom of Tonquin is faid to be divided into I
eight large Provinces, viz. the Eaji and ^efi Pro- f
vinces, the North and South Provinces, and the
Province of Cackao in the Middle between thole
four : which five I take to be the principal Provinces,
making the Heart of the Country. The other three,
which are Tenan^ Tenehoay and Ngeam^ lie more up-
on the Borders.

The Province of Tenan is the mod Eafterly, ha-
ving China on the S. E. the Ifland A^nam and the
Sea on the S. and S. W. and the Eafi Province on
the N. W. This is but a fmall Province ; its chiefeft
ProduA is Rice.

The Eafi Province flretches away from Tenan to
the North Province, having alfo China on its Eaft
fide, part of the South Province, and the Province
or Cachao on the Weft ; and the Sea on the South.
This is a very large Province ; 'tis chiefly low Land,
and much of it Iflands, efpecially the S. E. part of
it, bordering on the Sea towards Tenan ; and here
the Sea makes the Cod of a Bay. It has Abundance I
of Fifhermen inhabiting near the Sea ; but i^s chief

Pro-

[This Province

The Trovlnce of Tonquin.

t Produce is Rice : here is alfo good Pafturagc, and-^*'^^^*
ifiiuch Cattle, ^c. Hcan is rlie chief Place of this "^"^T^
[Province, and the Scat of the Mandarin its Gover-
nor.

The S. Province is the triangular Ifland, made by
Sea: The River oiDomea is on its Eaft-Ilde, dividing
iitfronnthe Eaft Province, and liockbo on the Weft,
dividing it from Tenan \ having the Sea to its South.
This Province is very low plain even Land, pro-
Iducing Rice in great Abundance : here arc large
Pafturcs, and Abundance of Filhermen near the
Sea.

lenehoa to the Weft of Rokbo, has the Weft Pro-
vince on its North, ^ynam on its Weft, and the Sea
dn its South : this Province is alfo low Land, chief-
ly abounds in Rice and Cattle, and hath a great
itrade in Fifhing, as all the Sca-Coaft has in gene-
ral.

The Province of Ngeani^ hath T'enehoa on the
Eaft, and on the South and Weft it borders on Cc-
Icbinchina, and has the Weft Province on its North.
This is a pretty large Province, abounding with
Rice and Cattle : and here are always Soldiers
kept to guard the Frontiers from the Cochhichi-
\ncjcs.

The Weft Provinces hath Ngeam on the South,
the Kingdom of Laos on the Weft, the Province of
Cachao on the Eaft, and on the North the North
Province. This is a large Province, and good
Champion Land ; rich in Soil, partly woody,
pardy Pafture. The Produft of this Province is
chiefly in Lack -, and here are bred a great Abun-
dance of Silk-worms for making Silk.

The North Province is a large Tra6l of Land, ma-
king the North-fide of this whole Kingdom. It
hath the Kingdom of Laos on the Weft, and China
on the Eaft and North, the Kingdom of Bao or
hotnn on the North Weft, and on the South Bor-

C 3 ders

V ■

'i ^ .

Ill

^1 il

\ h

2 a Herbage, JVild TurJIairty &c.

An, i633.(j^t'S on three of th'^ principal Provinces of Toftquin^
^^y^y^^ viz. the Weft: Province that of Cachao^ and the Eaft
Province. The North Province, as it is large, fo
it has Variety of Land and Soil j a great deal of
plain Champion Land, and many liigh Mountains
which yield Gold, ide. The wild Elephants of this
Country are found mo.l on thcfe Mountains. The
other Parts of the Province produce Lack and
Silk, b^-.

The Province of Cachao, in the Heart of die
Kingdom, lies between the Eaft, We'd, North, and
South Provinces : *tis a Champion pleafant Coun-
try : the Soil is yellow or grey Earth : and 'lis pret-
ty woody, with fomr Savannahs. It abounds with
tne two principal Commodities of their Trade, ^^■z.
Lack and Silk, and has fomc Rice: Nor are any of
the Provinces defl:itute of thcfc Commodities, tho'
in different Proportions, each according to the re-
fpedtive Soil.

This Countrv has of its own Growth all Necefia-
ries for the Lift of Man. They have little Occa-
fion for eatable Roots, having fuch Plenty of Ricti
yet they have Yams and Potatoes for Variety i
which would thrive here as well as any where, were
the Natives induftrious to propagate them.

The Land is every where cloached with Herbage
of one, kind or other-, but the dry Land has the
fame Fate that moft dry Lands have between the
'froptcks^ to be over-run with Purflain ; whicli
growing wild, and being pernicious to other ten
der Herbs and Plants., they are at the Pains tc
weed it out of their Fields and Gardens, though 'ti
very fweet, and makes a good Sallad for a ho'
Country.

There is a Sort of Herb very common in th
Country, which grows wild in ftagnant Ponds, am
^oats on the Surface of the Water. It has a narrow'
long, green thick Leaf, It is much efteeme

\'i

fruits. Can

and eaten hy
very wholelo
expel Poyfon.
Sorts of wild
well furnifhec
cfpecially mai
Plenty.

Plantains a
well as any w
Fruit, and noi
merica. Befuh
cellent Fruits,
The Ground-
apples, ^c.
Oranges, I im
their much
dm, &CC. Tl"
two of them
Sort is called C
Cam, in the ^
range, but wh
^it fignifie 1 1

The Cam-cba
Colour: The 1
the In fide is ye
grant Smell, a
Sort of Orangi
believe there ai
may eat freely
that they are
and other fick

The Cam-qu
above half fo 1
red Colour, ar
The Infide alfc
oar to the Cam
wholefome Fr»
to Fluxes •, fo

^':

f >*/>/. Cam chain 4rW Camquit Oftfw^"//, &c. if

and wten by the Natives, who commend it For ^f'tj^^
very wiiolefomc Herb, and fay that 'tis good to ^^^^*
expel Poyfon. This Country produces many other
Sorts of wild Herbs ; and their Gardens nlfo arc
well fiirnifhcd with plcafant and wholcfome ones,
efpecially many Onions, of which here are great
Plenty.

Plantains and Bonanoes grow and thrive here as
well as any where, but they are ufcd here only as
Fruit, and not for Bread, as in many Places of /f*
imrka. Befides thefe here are divers Sorts of ex-
cellent Fruits, both Ground-fruit and Tree-fruit.
The Ground- fruits are Pumpkins, Melons, Pine-
apples, ^c. the Tree-fruits are Mangoes, a few
Oranges, I imes, Coco-nuts, Guava's, Mulberries,
their much ellcemcd Bctle, a Fruit called Lr-
cb^a, &c. The Oranges are of divers 5orts, and
two of them more excellent than the rell One
Sort is called Cum-chavH,, the other is call*d Cam-^uit,
Cam, in the Tonquinefi Language, fignifies an O-
range, but what the diftinguilhing Words Cam and
^uit fignifie I know not.

The Cam-cha'm is a large Orange, of a ycllowidi
Colour: The Rind is pretty thick and rough ; and
the Infide is yellow like Amber. It has a mod fra-
grant Smdl, and theTafte is very delicious. This
Sort of Orange is the bed that I did ever tafte \ I
believe there are not better in the World : A Man
may eat freely of them ; for they are fo innocent
that they are not denied to fuch as have Fevers,
and other fick People.

The Cam-quit is a very fmall round Fruit, not
above half fo big as the former. It is of a deep
r°d Colour, and the Rind is very fmooth and thin.
The Infide alfo is very red ; the Tafte is not inferi-
our to the Cam-chain, but it is accounted very un-
wholefome Fruit, efpecially to fuch as are fubjeA
to Fluxes •, for it both creates and hcighrens that

C 4 diilem-

s Lit)

¥ .

- Mir

"1 ■:■ i.<!

24 Limes, Bctlc, Lichca, Vone^tree, Lack-fr/^.

'jin, i688.Diftcmpcr. Thefc tv/o Sorts are very plentiful and I
"^^^y^ cheap, and they are in S' afon from Oilober till f^
bruary^ but then the Cbam-cbain becomes redder J
and the Rind is alfo thinner. The other Sons of I
Oranges are not much cfteemed.

The Limes of T'onquin arc the Inrgeft I ever faw.l
They are commonly as big as an ordinary Limon,
but rounder. The Rind is of a pale yellow Colour |
when ripe i very thin and fmooth. They arc ex-
traordinary juicy, but not near fo iharp or tart in]
Tafte as tlie ff^eji-lndian Limes.

Coco-nuts and Guava's do thrive here very well:
but there are not many of the latter.

The Be tie ofTonquin is faid to be the beft in India ;l
there is ^reat Plenty of it ; and *tis mod eftecmcd
when it is young, green and tender ; for 'tis then
very juicy. At Mindanao alfo they hke it beft green:
but in other Places of the Eaft- Indies it is commonly |
chew*d when it is hard and dry.

The Lichea is another delicate Fruit. *Tis as big I
as a fmall Pear, fomewhat long fhaped, of a red-
difli Colour, the Rind pretty thick and rough, the
Infidc white, inclofing a large black Kernel, in I
Shape like a Bean.

The Country is in fomc part woody ; but the I
low Land in general is rther grafify Pafture, or
Rice Fields, only thick fet with fmall Groves,
which ftand fcattering very pleafantly over all the|
low-Country. The Trees in the Groves are of di-
vers Sorts, and moft unknown to us. There is good I
Timber for building either Ships or Houfes, and|
indifferent good Mafts may here be had.

There is a Tree called by the Natives Potje, chiefly I
ufed for making Cabinets, or other Wares to be
lackred. This is a foft Sort of Wood, not much
unlike Fir, but not fo ferviceablc. Another Tree
grows in this Country that yields the Lack, with
which Cabinets and other fine Things are overlaid.

Thefc

?. ■ Mulberry -trees t Rice. The Animals, ly

andBxhcfc grow plentifully in fome Places, cfpecially in-'*- »^^'»

^'•Hthc Champion L.antls. Merc arc alfo Mulberry
^cr.BTrccs in great Plenty, to feed tlie Silk-worms, from
s of Iwhcnce con»'!S the chief I'ratle in the Country. The
Leaves of the old Trees .ire not fo nourilhing to the
faW. ISiIk-worms, as thofe of the young Trees; and
ion, ■therefore they raifc Crops of young ones every Year,
lour Bto feed the Worms: for when the Scafon is over,
- «x-|thc young Trees arc pluckt up by the Roots, and
rt inlmore planted againft tiie next Year i fo the Natives
fafier none of thefe Trees to grow to bear Fruit. I
'^ell: (heard of no Mulberries kept for eating, but fome
few raifed by our EngUfi Merchants at Hcan \ and
<^'*<i •.Ithcfc bear but fmall hungry Fruit.
:mcdl Here is good Plenty of Rice, efpecially in the
then Bow Land, tliat is famed by the overflowing Rivers.
cen;lThey have two Crops every Year, with great In-
only |(rcafe, if they have leafon.ible Rains and Floods.
One Crop is in May^ and the other in November :
id though the low Land is fometimes overilown
ith Water in the Time of Ilarvcft, yet they mac-
:erit nor, but gather the Crop and fetch it f lome
et in their Canoas -, and making the Rice fall in
mall Bundles hang it up oji their Houfes to dry.
"his ferves them for Bread-corn •, and as the Coun-
7 is very kindly for it, fo their Inhabitant"> live
hiefly of it.

Of Land-Animals in this Country there are
lephants, Morfes, Buffaloes, Bullocks, Goats,
leer, a few Sheep for the King, Hogs, Dogs,
'ats , Lizards , Snakes , Scorpions , Ceniapees ,
'oads, Frogs, ^c. I'lie Country is fo very popu-
|efly o'js, that they have but few Deer or wild Game
or Hunting, unlefs it be in the remoter Parts of
iie Kingdom. But they have Abundance of Fowls
oth tame and wild. 'ilie tame Fowls are Cocks
dHens, and Ducks alio in great Plenty, of the
line Sort with ours. The Inhabitants have little

tlo'jics

w^VX-*

5 big

red-

the

[ves,

the

di-
lood

and

be
ich

rich
lid.
Icfc

: (i : '

i:, ;*

!ii

tS Fo'-jol Nets for W'tld'Dueks, Locujls,

An. i^SSHoufes made purpofely for the Ducks to lay rheirl
^'^''^^^^ Eggs in, driving them in every Night in layino
Time, and letting them out again in the Morning,
There are alfo fome Geele, Parrots, Partridges.
Parakites, Turtle-Doves, i^c. with many forts of
fmaller Birds. Of wild Water- fowls, they have
Ducks, Widgeons, Teals, Herons, Pellicans, and
Crab-catchers, (which I Ihall defcribe in the Bay of
Campeachfj and other fmaller Water-fowls. The
Duck, Widgeon, and Teal are innumerable : Theyl
breed here in the Months of A/^jy, June.^ and July,
then they fly only in Couples : but from OBober tol
March you will fee over all the low watry Landsl
great Companies together : and I have no where
ken fuch large Flights, nor fuch Plenty of Game.
They are very fliy fince the E}}glijh and Dutch fettled!
here ; for now the Natives as well as they Ihooi
them: but before their Arrival the '■Tonquinife tookl
them only with Nets, neither is this Cuftom lef[l
off yet. The Net that is ufed for this Game isl
ir>adc fquare, and either bigger or lefs accoRiing aJ
they have Occafion. They fix two Poles about tenl
or eleven Foot high, upright in the Ground, nearl
the Ponds, where the Ducks haunt ; and the Netl
has a Head-cord, which is ftretched out ftreightj
made from the Top of one Pole to the other ; froml
whence the lower part of the Net hangs down loofJ
towards the Ground •, and when in the Evening
they fly towards the Pond, many of them llrike af
gainfl: the Net, and are there entangled.

There is a kind of LoculV in Tonquin, in great!
Abundance. This Creature is about the Bignefil
of the Top of a Man's Finger, and as long as thel
firfV Joynt. It breeds in the Earth, efpecially in tli
Banks of Rivers and Ditches in the low Country!
In the Months of Janrary and February, which iil
the Seafon of taking them, being then only feenj
this Creature rirft comes out of the Earth in hugtl

SwarnisI

Catching of Ldcufts, Frags and Fijh. 27

Swarms. It is then of a whitifh Colour, hnvitigAn. 1688.
two fmall Wings, like the Wings of a Bee : at its
Brit coming out of the Earth it takes its Tlight •»
but for Want of Strength or Ufe falls down again ia
a fhort Time. Such as ft rive to fly o^er the River,
do commonly fall down into the Water and are
drowned, or become a Prey to the Fi(h of the Ri-
ver, or arc carried out into the Sea to be devoiired
there : But the Natives in thcfe Months Watch the
Rivers, and take up thence Multitudes, Ikimmihg
them from off the Water with little Nets. They
eat them freih, broiled on the Coals j or pickle
them to keep. They are plump and fat, and are
much efteemed by Rich and Poor, as good whole-
fome Food, either frelh or pickled.

The Rivers and Ponds are ftored with divers Sorts
of excellent Fiih, befides Abundance of Frogs,
which they angle for, being highly efteemed by the
^onquimfe. The Sea too contributes much towards
the Support of poor People, by yielding plentiful
Stores of Fifli, that fwarm on this Coaft in their
Seafons, and which are commonly preferred before
the River Fifh. Of thefe here are divers Sorts, be-
fides Sea-Turtle, which frequently tome aftiore
on the fandy Bays in their Seafohs to lay their EggSi
Here are alfo both Land-crabs anfd Sea -crabs good
Store, and othei" Shell -fifti, viz, Craw-fifti, Shrimps,
and Prawns. Here is one Sort of fmall Fifh much
like an Jncbov.y, both in Shape and Size^ which is
very good pickled. There are other Sorts of fmafl
Fiih, which I know not the Naimes of. One Sort
of them comes in great Shoals near the Shore, and
thefe the Fiftiermen with their Nets take fo plenti-
fully as to load thfeir Boats with them. Among
theie they generally take a great many Shrimps in
their Nets, which they carry afhore mixt together
as they take thcxn, and make BalacbauH with them.

k*i

It 'if

W V

Bala-

) I f'/'i

Balachaun, Nukc-Mum, Soy'i

i !

■•! I

\<,

i it

"jm. 1688. Balachaun is a Compofition of a ftrong Savour ;
•^*^ yet a very delightfomc Difh to the Natives of this
Country. To make it, they throw the Mixture of
Shrimps and fmall Fifh into a Sort of weak Pickle
made with Salt and Water, and put it into a tight
earthen Veffcl or Jar. The Pickle being thus weak,
it keeps not the f'ilh firm and hard, neither is it
probably fo defigned, for the Fifh are never gutted.
Therefore in a Ihort Time they turn all to a Malh
in the Veffcl •, and when they have lain thus a good
while, fo that the Fifh is reduced to a Pap, they
then draw oif the Liquor into frefh Jars, and pre-
ferve it for ufe. The mafht Fifh that remains t c-
hind is called Balachaun, and the Liquor pour*d off
is called Nuke-mum. The poor People eat the Bala-
chaun with their Rice. 'Tis rank-lcentcd, yet the
Tafle is not altogether unpleafant ; but rather fa-
very, after one is a little ufed to it. The Nuke-
fnum is of a pale brown Colour, inclining to grey ;
and pretty clear. It is aifo very favory and ufed as
a good Sauce for Fowls, not only by the Natives,
but alfo by many Europeans., who efleem it equal
with So-j. I have been told that So'^ is made partly
with a fifhy Compofition, and it feems moft likely
by the Tafte : tho* a Gentleman of my Acquain-
tance, who was very intimate with one that failed
often from Tonquin to Japan, from whence the true
Soy comes, told me, that it was made only with
Wheat, and a Sort of Beans mixt with Water and
Salt.

Their way of Fifhing differs little from ours : in
the Rivers they take fome of their Fifh with Hook
and Line, others with Nets of feveral Sorts. At the
Mouths of the Rivers they fet Nets againft the
Stream or Tide. Thefe have two long Wings open-
ing on each Side the Mouth of the Net, to guide the
Fifh into it •, where pafling through a narro\\ Neck,
they are caught in a Bag at the farther End.

Whorr

t*];'

The Tonquincfe manner of Fifhin^, ip

Where the River's Mouth h fo wide, that the ''*• »<58».
ying of the Net will not reach from fide ta fide, ^■''^VVrf
at Batjhaw particularly it will not, there they fup-
ly that Defeft, with long (lender Canes, which
hey ftick upright near one another in a Row : for
n both Sides of the River, when the Tide run9
ong Cwhich is the Time that the Fifh are mo-
ing^ the limber Canes make fuch a rattling by Itri-
ng againft each other, that thereby the Fifh are
icared trom tlience towards the Mouth of the Net,
[n the Middle of the Stream. Farther up the Ri-
m-, they have Nets made fquare like a great Sheet.
This Sort hath two long Poles laid acrofs each o-
^her. At this crofling of the Poles a long Rope
ts faftned ; and the Ne^ hangs down in a Bag by its
Corners from them. To manage it there is a fub-
hntial Poft, fet upright and firm in the River •, and
|thc Top of it may be eight or ten Foot above the
r^ater. On the Top of this Poft there is a Mortice
lade to receive a long Pole, that lies athwart like
the Beam of a Balance ; to the heavier End of
(fhich they tie the Rope, which holds the Net *,
[id to the other End another K.ope to pull up the
Net on Occafion. The Fiihermen fink it with
Stones to the River's Bottom, and when they fee
tny Fifh come over it, one fuddenly pulls the Rope
^t the oppofite End of the Beam, and heaves Net
^nd Fifh out of the Water. They take a great deal
Df Fifh this way : and fometimes they ufe Drig-
s^ets, which go quite a-crofs, and fweep the Ri-
ver. . . •■ ■

In the flagnant Ponds, • fuch as the Mandarins
have commonly about their Houfes, they go in and
^rouble the Water with their Feet, till 'tis all mud-
iy and thick : and as the Fi(h rife to the Surface
ihey take what they pleafe with fmall Nets, faflned
jto a Hoop, at the End of a Pole.

For

h'^'A

>.r.i'

^■'•

■< f

■.i\

Iii

• III

u^i

\ I'll

: 1

;

]

f^«'

JO T^eir Markets, Trovifans, and Cookery.

A: 1688. For all thefe Sorts of Proviiion there are MarkcJ
duly kept all oyer T^onquin one in the Week, injl
Ncigbourhood of four or five Villages ; and helJ
at ca^h of them fucceffively in its Order : fo thail
the fame Village has not the Market returned to ii|
till four or five Weeks after. Thefe Markets arcl
abundantly more ftor*d with Rice fas being iheirl
chief Subfiftence, efpecially the poorer Sorr) thajl
either with Fleih or Fifli, yet wants there not fori
Pork, and young Pigs good Store, Ducks and HenJ
Plenty of Eggs, Fifh great and fmall, frelh and faltJ
cd Balachaun and Nuke-Mum ; with all Sorts ofj
Roots, Herbs, and Fruits, even in thefe Country!
Markets. But at Cachao, where there are Markets!
kept every day, they have befides thefe, Beef of Bull
locks, Buffaloes-flelli, GoatSrflefh, Horfc-flclliJ
Cats and Dogs, (as I have been told) and Locufts.
They drefs their Food very cleanly , and make!
it favory : for which they have feveral Ways unf
known in Europe •, but they have many Sorts otj
Difhes that would turn the Stomach of a StrangerJ
which yet they themfelyes like very well, as pari
ticularly, a Dilli of raw Pork, which is very cheap!
find common. This is only Pork cut 2.nd minced!
very fmall, fat and lean together -, which being af|
terwards made up in Balls, or Roils like SaufagesJ
and preft yery hard together, is then neatly wrap;!
up in clean Leaves, and without more ado, fervedl
up to the I'able. Raw Beef is another Difh, muciil
cfteemed at Cacbao, When they kill a Bu)' >ck they!
finge the Hair off with Fire, as we finge Bacon[
Hogs in England, Then they open it *, and whilej
the Fleili is yet hot, t!jey cut good CoUops from off
the lean Parts, and put them into a very tart Vine
gar, where it remains three or four Hours longer,!
till it is fufficiently foaked, and then, without morel
Trouble, they take it out, and eat it with greatl
Delight. /. s for Korfe-flclh, I know not whether!

they

'jrje and Elephant ^y Flejhy T>ogs and Cats, Sec, 31

hey kill any purpofcly for the Shambles •, or whe- ^» 1688.
Ither they only do ic, when they are not likely ^'^^ '
live 5 as I have feen them do their working
ullocks at Galicia in Old Spain -, where the Cattle
'ailing down with Labour, and being fo poor and
iired that they cannot rife , they are fiaughtered ,
'and fent to Market ; and I think I never eat
worfe Beef than at the Qroin. The Horfc-flefh
com^ to Market at Cachao very frequently, and is
as mncji efteemed as Beef. Elephants they eat al-
io ; and the Trunk of this Bead is an acceptable
Prefent for a Nobleman, and that too tho' the Beaft
dyes with Age or Sickncfs. For here are but few
wild Elephants, and thofe fo ihy, that they are not
eafily taken. But the King having a great Number
of tame Elephants, when one of thcfe dyes, 'tis
given to the Poor, who piefently fetch away the
flcdi, but the Trunk is cut in Pieces, and prefented
to the Mandarins. Dogs and Cats are killed purpofe-
ly for the Shambles, and their FieHi is much elleem-
ed by People cA the befl: Falhion, as I have been cre-
dibly informed. Great yellow Frogs alfo are much
admired, efpecially when they come frelh out of the
Pond. They have many other fuch choice Dilhes :
and in all the Villages, at any Time of the Day, be
ic Market-day or npt, there are feveral to be fold
by poor People, w^o make it their Trade. The
moft common Sgrt^ of Cookeries, next to boiled
Rice, is to drefs little Bits of Pprk, Ipitted five or
fix of them at once on a fmall Skiver, and roafted.
In the Markets alfo, and daily in every Village,
there are Women fitting in the Streets, with a Pip-
kin over a fmall Fire, iwWoi Chauy as they call it, a
Sort cf very ordinary Tea, of a reddifh brown Co-
lour, and 'tis their ordinary Drink.

The Kingdom of 'Jonquin is in general healthy
enough, efpecially in the dry Seaion, when alfo
it is very delightfom^. For the Seafons of the Year

'' ; iv^:

*i''

iiiV'

ri A

it 'i

'«'

\ii .,

■f (■■

*rhe Authors Arrival at Cachao.

-ip

ufB. 1688 at Tonquin and all the Countries between the TrA
'"^^V^ picks, arc diftinguiflied into Wet and Dry, as pro{
perly as others are into "Winter and Summer : Bmj
as the Alreration from Winter to Summer, anJ
vice verfa is not made of a fudden, but with thel
interchangeable Weather of Spring and Autumn J
fo alfo towards the End of the dry Seafon, there arc!
fomc gentle Showers' now and then, that precedcl
the violent wet Months j and again toward the End!
of thefe, feveral fair Days that introduce the dryl
Time. Thefe Seafons are generally much alike at)
the fame Time of the Year in all Places of the Tor-I
rid Zone, on the fame Side of the Equator: but fori
two or three Degrees on each Side of it, the WeaJ
ther is more mixt and uncertain, ('tho' inclining to
the wet extreme^ and is often contrary to that whichl
is then fettled on the fame Side of the Equator morel
townrd the Tropick. So that even when the wetl
Seafon is fet in, in the Northern Parts of the Torridl
Zone, it may yet be dry Weather for two or threel
Degrees North of the Line : and the fame may bcl
faid of the contrary Latitudes and Seafons. Thisll
fpeak with Refped to the Drynefs or Moifture ofl
Countries in the Torrid Zone : but it may alfo hold]
good of their Heat or Cold, generally : for as tol
all thefe Qualities there is a further Difference arifes
from the Make or Situation of the Land, or other|
accidental Caufes, befides what depends on the rct
fpeftive Latitude or Regard to the Sun. Thus thc|
Bay of Campeachy in the fVeft-Indies, and that of Ben-
gal in the Eaft, in much the fame Latitude, are ex-
ceeding hot and moift ; and whether their Situa*
tion, being very low Countries, and the Scarcityl
and Faintnefs of the Sea-breezes, as in moft Bays,!
may not contribute hereunto, I leave others tol
judge. Yet even as to the Latitudes of thefe Places,
lying near the Tropicks they are generally uponl
that Account alone more inclined to great Heats,!

than

Greater heat near the Trop. than the Line. 3 3

than Places near the Equator. This is what M^- 1688'
(lave experienced in many places in luch Latitudes
30ch in the Eafl and IVefi- Indies, that the hotteft
parts of the World are thefe near the Tropicks,
pfptcially 3 or 4 Degrees within them ; fenfibly
hotter than under the Line it felf. Many reafons
lay be afligned for this, befide the accidental ones
trom the make of the particular Countries, Tro-
pical Winds, or the like. For the longeft Day at
[the Equator never exceeds 12 Hours, and the
oght is always at the fame length : But near the

>opicks the longed Day is about 1 3 Hours and an
tialf ; and an Hour and an half being alfo taken
liom the Night, what with the length of the Day,
and the fhortnefs of the Night, there is a difference
bf three Hours : which is very confiderable. Be-
|fides which, at fuch Places as are about 3 Degrees
vithin the Tropicks, or in the Lat. of 20 Deg. N.
Ihe Sun comes within 2 or 3 Degrees of the Ze-
lith in the beginning of Ma^j ; and having paft
[he Zenith, goes not above 2 or 3 Degrees beyond
before it returns and pafleth the Zenith once
lore i and by this means is at leaft three Months
k'ithin 4 Degrees of the Zenith : fo that they have
[he Sun in a manner over their Heads from the be-
;inning of Ma), till the latter end of July. Where-
[s when the Sun comes under the Line, in March
Y September, it immediately polls away to the
^orth or the South, and is not 20 Days in pafling
:rom 3 Degrees on one fide, to 3 Dt-grees on the
per fide the Line. So that by his fmall ilay there,
[he Heat cannot be anfwerable to what it is near
[he Tropick, where he fo long continues in a man-
ner Vertical at Noon, and is lo much longer above
[he Horrizon each particular Day, widi tlie iiiter-
pingof a fliorter Night.

But to return to 'Tonquin. During the wet
^lonths there 'tis exccfTive hoc, efpccially when-

P ever

1.1 -i'l

• ■■lv v: ,

!l i-^

\'\

l!lS

111

I .1

: .1

III

1 .

34 Tbe Caufe of the overflow oj Nile.

'An. i688 ever the Sun breaks out of the Clouds, and thc:«|
^^'"V^***' is then but little Wind rtirring ; And I have beerJ
told by a Gentleman who livcil there many YcarJ
that he thought it was the hottcft Place that ever
he was in, though he had been in many other Partil
of India. And as to the Rains, it has not the leadl
fhare of them, though neither altogether the grcattfll
of what I have met with in the I'orrid Zone ; anci
even in the fame Latitude, and on the fame fide ofl
the Equator. The wet Scafon begins here the \\\
ter End of Aprils or the beginning of Ma^ \ undl
holds till the latter F^d of Aii^ujl^ in which Timel
are very violent Rains, fome of many Hours, othcrJ
of two or tlirec Days continuance. Yet arc ncJ
thefe Rains without feme confiderable intervals rJ
fair Weather, efpecially toward the beginning &:l
end of the Seafon.

By thefe Rains are caus'd thofe Land-flooi!iJ
which never fail in thefe Countries between tnj
Tropicks at their annual Periods •, all the River
then overflowing their Banks. This is a thing fJ
well known to all who are any way acquiinteJ
with the Torrid Zone, that the Caufe of the over]
flowing of the Nile^ to find out which the Ancier.ij
fet their Wits fo much upon the^ Rack, and fanciel
melting of Snows, and blowing of Elefia^ and
know not what, is now no longer a Secret. Fcf
thefe Floods muft needs difcharge themfelves upcil
fuch low Lands as lie in their way j as the Landi
Eg'jpt doei' with refpe^l to the A9/<?, coming agrei
way from within the Torrid Zone, and falliri
t!own from the higher Ethiopia, And any one wl.j
will be at the Pains to corr.|)are the Time of tl:
Land-flood in E^^pt with that of the Torrid Zor,
in any of the parts of it along which the Kile runij
will find that of Eg'j^t fo much later than the
thcr, as 'twill be thought reafonable to allow for t!"!
daily Progrefs of the Wafers along fo vaft a traf

i't!

Floods in the Torrid Zonff,

of Ground. They might have made th.: fa me ^w. '685.
wonderment of any other Kivcrs which lun any^-'^V^^.
long Courfc from out the Torrid Zone : but th^y
knowing only tlie North Temperate Zone, and
the Nile being the only great Kivcr known to come
thither a great way from a Country near the Line,
they made that only the fubjcd' of tlieir enqui'-y :
but the Gmc cfiecft muft alio follow from any
great River that fliould run from out of the Torrid
Zone into the South Temperate Zone. And as to
the Torrid Zone, the yearly Floods, and their
caufc, are every where as well known by People
there, as the Rivers themfclvcs. In Ami:rica parti-
cularly, in Cam peach -j Rivers, in liio Grande^ and
lothers, *tis a vaft havock is made by thefc Floods ;
bringing down fomctimes Trees of an incredible
bigncfs i and thefe Floods always come at the flated
IP-albn of the Year. In th-j dry part o\' Peru, al(;ng
thcCoafts of the Pa'-ifick Si:n^ where it never Rains, as
itfeldom docs in Egypt, they have not only Floods,
but Rivers themfelves, made by the annual falling
of Rain on the Mountains within Land •, the
Channels of which are dry all the reft of the Year,
This I have obferv'd concerning the River Tlo, on
khe Coaft of Peru, in my former Volume, p. ^r;.
But it has this difference from the Floods of hgypl,
that befides its being a River . the Torrid Zone,
'tis alfo in South Latitude, and fo overflows at a
contrary Seafon of the Year ; to wit, at fuch Time
as the Sun being in Southern Signs, caufes the Rains
land Floods on that fide the .inc.

But to return from this digrefTion, in Jugujl the
Iwearher at Tonjuin is more miodcrate, as to heat or
wet, yet not without Ibme Ihowers, and September
md OMer 2Lrc more temperate dill : yet the worit
weather in all the Year for Seamen, is in one of
the 3 Montiis lad mentioned : for then the violent
|Storms, called buffoon; ( Typhones ) are ex-

D 2 ' pc6tcd

h i

i r

'.it:

1 'A

)0 TufFoons or Ty phones, Storms.

■An. i688.pcfled. Thefc Winds are lb very Herce, that for

V-OT^^ Fear of them the Chine fe that trade thither, will

not iVir out of Harbour till the End of Oclohen at-

tcr which Month there is no more Danger of any

violent Storms, till the next Year.

'TuffooHS are a particular kind of violent Storms,
blowing on the Coaft oi^ 'I'onqniu, and the neigbour-
ing Coalls in the Months of July, -^nguft-, and Sei-
teffiber. I'hey commonly happen near the Full or
Change of the Moon, and are ulually preceded by
very fa''- Weather, fmall Winds and a clear Sky,
Thofe fmall Winds vere from the common Trade ct
that Time of the Year, which is here at S. W. and
fhuffles about to the N. and N. E. Before the Storm
comes there appears a boding Cloud in the N. F.
which is very black near the Horizon, but towards
the upper Edge it looks of a dark Copper- colour,
and higher flili it is brighter., and afterwards it fades
to a whitifli glaring Colour, at the very Edge of the
Cloud. This Cloud appears very amazing and
ghallly, and is fometimes feen twelve Hours before
the Storm comes. When that Cloud begins to move
apace, you may expeft the Wind prefently. It
comes on fierce, and blows very violent at N. L
twelve Hours more or lefs. It is alfo commonly
accompanied with terrible Claps of Thunder, large
.md frequent Flalhes of lightning, and exceflive
hard Rain. When the Wind begins to abate it dies
away fuddenly, and falling flat calm, it continues fo
an Hour, more or lefs : then the Wind comes aboui
to tlie S. W. and it blows and rains as fierce from
ihcnce, as it did before at N. E, and as long.

November and Decemher are 2 very dry, wholefom,
warm and pleafant Months. Junuary;^ February^ and
March are preuy dry . but then you have thick Fogs
in the Morninn, and fometimes drilling cold Rains;
the Air alfo in thefe three Months, particularly
in 'j\iniiny\ and Febniurs v. very flrdrp» efpccially

at for

. will
r: at-
)t' ar.y

:orms,
jbour-

The Harveft at Tonquin.

hen the Wind is at North Eaft, or Nc" ^
•aft, whether bccaufe of the Quarter it ^ws
Ijrom, or the Land it blows over, I know not : for
have elfewhere obfcrvcd fuch Winds to be colJ-
r, where they have come from over Land. April
i counted a moderate Month, cither as to Heat or
old, Drynefs or Moillure.

This is ordinarily the State of their Year : yet are
ull orlfiot thefe various Seafons fo exa(^ in the Returns,
led bylbut that there may fometimcs be the Difference of
' Sky.! Month, or more. Neither yet are the feveral
adect ■Seafons, when they do come, altogether alike
L andRn all Years. For fometimes the Rains are more
Storm ■\iolent and lading, at other Times more mode-
N. t.ir,ite i and fome Years they arc not fufFicicnt to pro-
wards idace reafonable Crops, or eMe they come fo unfea-
bnably as to injure and ded^roy the Rice, or at
bit' to advance it but little. For the Husbandry of
this Country, and other Countries in the Torrid
Zone depends on the Annual Floods, to moillen
and fitten the Land •, and if the wet Seafons prove
more dry than ordinary, fo as that the Rice- Land
is not well drenched with the overflowing of the
Rivers, the Crops will be bur mean: and Rice being
their Bread, the Staff of Life with them, if that
fails, fuch a populous Country as this cannot fubfift
:eflive wiciiouc being beholding to its Neighbours. But when
t dicsHl{ comes to that Pafs, that they mull be fupplied by
ues folSca, many of the poorer Sort fell their Children to
about ■relieve their Wants, and fo preferve their Lives,
froniiwhijfl others that have not Children to fell, may
ibsfamiflied and dye miferable in the Streets. This
:fom,lManner of Parents dealing with their Children is
, andjnot peculiar to this Kingdom alone, but is cufto-
mary in other Places of the Eaft-hidies^ cfpecially
on the Coalls of Malabar and Coromandel. There
a Famine happens more frequently, and rages fome-
irn^s to a Degree beyond Belief: for thofe Couri-

D 3 tries

olour
: fades
of the
I and
before
move

N.L

nonly

large

rth^**' '^^^'

Fogs
ains;
ilarly

cially
Nvhc;:

11. *!l

iffl

i^i.'i''. .

I (I ''in

s«

y/ Famine at Malabar and Coi-omandcl,

'jn. 1 68 3 tries arr generally very dry, and Icfs procUiiflivc of
*^V^ Rice tliau I'owiu'ui. Neither arc they fuLh largt Ri-
vers to fatten the Land : but all their Crop depends
on Seafons or Rains only, to moiftcn the Earth :
and whm thole Seafons fail, as they do very often,
then they can have no Crop at all. Sometimes ihcy
have little or no Rain in three or four Years, and
then they pcrifh at a lamentable rate. Such a Fa-
mine as this happened 2 or 3 Years before my go-
ing 10 Fcrt St. Gcorgt\ which raged fo fore, thr.t
The lands of People pcrifhed for want, and happ;
were they that could hold out till they got to the
Sea-port Towns, where the Europcam lived, to kll
themfelves to them, though they were furc to be
tranfported from their own Country prefently. But
the Famine (.Iocs never rage io much at ^tonquhu
neither may their p^reateft Scarcity be fo truly called
a Famine : for in the woril of Times there is Uicc,
and *tis through the Poverty of the meaner People,
that ^o many perilh or fell their Children, for tncy
might elfe have Rice enough, had they Money to I
buy it with : and when their Rice is thus dear, all
other Provlfions are fo proportionabiy.

There is a further dilferencc between the Coun-
tries of A/ii/^?/'.:?^ and Coro?nande}, and this o{ TouquiiiA
that the more Rain they have there, the greater ii
there Blefiing : but here they may have too much
Rain for the lower part of the Kingdom ; but that
is rare. When this happens they have Banks to
keep in the Rivers and Ditches to drain the Land,
though fometimes to little purpofe, when the
Floods are violent, and efpecially if out of Seafon.
For it the Floods come in their Seafons, though
they are great, and drown all the Land, yet arc
they not hurtful •, but on the contrary, very benefi-
cial, becaufe the mud that they leave behind fatteiisl
the Land. And after all, if the low Land fhoul^l
be injured by the Floods, the dry Champion Land

yiel'il

The poor Teop!e ^/Tonquin.' 39

yiclcls the better incrrafe, and helps out the other ; '^'*' »68l.
as that docs them alfo in more kindly Seafons. In "-^VN^
the dry ScMfons the low Lands have this Advantage,
that Channels arc cafily cut out of the River, to
water them on each fide. So that let the Sealbn be
wet or dry, this Country feldom luffers much. In-
deed confidcring the Number of its Inhabitants, and
the Poverty of the major part, it is fomctimes here,
as in all populous Countries, very hard with tht*
poor, cfpccially the Trades-people in the large
Towns. For the Trade is very uncertain, and the
People are imployed according to the number of
Ships that come thither, to fetch away their Goods :
and if but few Ships come hither, as fomctimes it
happens, then the poor are ready to famifh for wane
of work, whereby to get a Subfiftance. And not
only this, but moft Silk Couniries arc ftockc with
great Multitudes of poor P ople, who work cheap
and live meanly on a little Rice ; which if it is not
very cheap, as it commonly is here, the poor Peo-
ple arc not able to maintain thcmfclves.

CHAP.

't' •*• "V

i 1 i I i

Hit ■'*''* I Sliiir-
Hit ;-iJMfflE!;

40
'^n. 1688.

Ihe Inhabitants of Tcnquin,

CHAP. III.

Of the Natives of Tonquin : Their Form^ I)}/-
j^ofition. Capacity, Cloaths.BuiUingSiFiilages,
Groves y Banks , T>ttcheSy and Gardens. 0/1
Cachao, the Capital City. Ovens to fecurt
Goods from Fire ; and other Precautions a-
gainft it. The Street > of the City, the Kingi
^FalaceSy and En^i^lilli and Dutch Faifories.
An Artificial Mole above the City, to break
the Force of the Land-floods. Of their PFi-ves
and Common Women. Feafis at the Graves o^\
the 1)eady and Annual Feafis : their enter-
taining iz'ith Bctlc and Arck, (b'c. Their
Religion, Idols, ^Pagods, "Triefls, Offerings^
and "Trayers. Their Language and Learn-
ing. Their Mechanick Arts, Trades, Ma-
nufactures, Commodities and Traffick.

TOnquin is very populous, being thick-fet with
Villages •, and the Natives in general are of a
middle Stature, and clean Jimb*d. They are of a
Tawny Indian colour : but I think the faireft and
cieareft that I ever law of that Complexion : for
you may perceive a Blufh or Change of Colour in
fomc of their Faces, (ir\ any fudden Surprize ot
Paflfion i which I could never difcern in any other
Indians. Their Faces ajre generally flattifh, and of
an oval Form. Their Nofes and Lips are propor-
tionable enough, and altogether graceful. Their
Hair is black, long and lank, and very thick -, and
fhey wear it h.uiging down to their Shoulders.

Their

y 'if \

Blacking of Teeth a great Beauty, 41

Their Teeth are as black as they can make them ; An. i68$,
for this being accounted a great Ornament, they ^^'V^
dye them of that Colour, and are three or four
Days doing it. They do this when they are about
twelve or fourteen Years old, both Boys and Girls:
and during all the Time of the Operation they dare
not take any Nourifhment, befides Water, Chau,
or feme liquid Thing, and not much of that nei-
ther, for fear, I judge, of being poyfon'd by the
Dye, or Pigment. So that while this is doing they
undergo very fevere Penance : but as both Sexes, fo
all Qualities, the Poor as well as the rich, muft be
in this Fafhion : they fay they ihould elfe be like
Brutes ; and that would be a great Shame to them
to be like Elephants or Dogs j which they compare
thofe to that have white Teeth.

They are generally dextrous, nimble, and aftive,
and ingenious in any Mechanick Science they pro-
f-fs. This may be feen by the Multitude of fine
Silks that are made here -, and the curious Lacker-
work, that is yearly tranfported from thence.
They are alfo laborious and diligent in their Cal-
lings ; but the Country being fo very populous,
many of them are extreme poor for Want of Em-
ployment : and tho' the Country is full of Silk,
and other Materials to work on, yet little is done,
but when ftrange Ships arrive. For 'tis the Money
and Goods that are brought hither, efpecially by
the Englifi) and Dutch ^ that puts Life into them :
for the Handicrafts Men have not . Money to fet
themfelves to work ; and the Foreign Merchants
are therefore forced to truft thcrn with Advance-
money, to the Value of at leaft a third, or half their
Goods ; and this for fwo or three Months or more,
before they have made their Goods, and brought
them in. So that they having no Goods ready by
them, till they hafe Money from the Merchant
IStrangers, the Ships that trade hither muft of Ne;-

cellity

II I: ■ m

:v' ;]

/I J, ;•

i'.- '

.; f

t i-'

:ir|''-i'

Ml:: .

»i

I •%

42 Gaming, Cloathing of the Tonquiiicfc.

uf>». i688.cefrity ftay here all the time that their Goods m\
*^^VVJ niaking, which are commonly 5 or 6 Months.

The ^onquinefe make very good Servants ; l|
think the beft in India* For as they are generally
apprehenfive and docil, fo are they faithful when
hired, diligent and obedient. Yet they are low
fpirited : probably by reafon of their living under
an Arbitrary Government. They are patient in
Labour, but in Sicknefs they are mightily dcjeded
They have one great Fault extreme common among
them, which is gaming. To this they are fo uni-
verfally addifted. Servants and all, that neither the|
awe of their Mafters, nor any Thing elfe, is fuffi-
cient to reftrain them, till they have loft all they |
have, even their very Cloaths. This is a reigning
Vice among the Eaftern Nations, efpecially thel
€hinefe, as I faid in the 15th Chapter of my former
Volume. And I may add, that the Chinefe I found
fettled at 'Tonquin, were no lefs given to it than
thofe I met with elfew! ere. For after they have
loft their Money, Goods and Cloaths, they will|
ftake down their Wives and Children : and laftly,
as the deareft Thing they have, will play upon tick,!
and mortgage their Hair upon Honour : And what-
ever it coft tliem they will be fure to redeem it. Foi
a free Chinefe as theie are, who have fled from the
tartan, would be as much aftiamed of fhort HairJ
as a 'Tonquinefe of white Teeth.

The Cloaths of the ^onquinefe are made either ofl
Silk or Cotton. The poor People and Soldiers dol
chiefly wear Cotton Cloath dyed to a dark tawnyl
Colour. The rich Men and Mandarins commonhl
wear EngUJh Broad-Cloath : the chief Colours aril
red or green. When they appear before the King,!
they wear long Gowns which reach down to theirl
Heels : neither may any Man appear in his prcJ
fence but in fuch a Garb. The great Men havcl
alfo long Caps made of the fame that their GownJ

■1'.;] r '

i!l^

^ m

Their Houfes and Furniture, 4^

Lre made of: but the middle fort of Men and the^». t6S8^

[poor commonly go bare-headed. Yet the Filher- ^■^''VNi

linen, and fuch t.abourcrs as are by their EmpJoy-

Inients more expofed to the Weather, have broad-

brimm'd Hats made of Reeds, Straw, or Palmeto-

leaves. Thefe Hats are as ftiff as Boards, and fit

not pliant to their Heads : for which reafon they

have Band-ftrings or Necklaces faftened to their

Hats ', which coming under their Chins are there

tied, to keep their Hats faft to their Heads. Thefe

Hats are very ordinary Things ; they feldom wear

them but in rainy Weather. Their other Cloaths

are very few and mean : a ragged pair of Breeches

commonly fufHceth them. Some have bad Jackets,

[but neither Shirt, Stockings nor Shooes.

The 'Tonquinefe Buildings arc but mean. Their
I Houfes are fmall and low : the Walls are either
Mud, or Wattel bedawbed over : and the Roofs
I are thatched, and that very ill, efpecially in the
Country. The Houfes are too low to admit of
Chambers : yet they have here 2 or 3 Partitions
on the Ground floor, made with a watling of Canes
or Sticks, for their feveral ufes ; in each of which
I there is a Window to let in the light. The Win-
dows are very fmall fquare Holes in the Walls,
which they fhut up at Night with a Board fitted
for that Purpofe. The Rooms are but meanly fur-
mflied -, with a poor Bed or two (or more, accord-
ing to the bignels of the Family) in the inner Room.
The outer Rooms are furnifhed with Stools,
Benches, or Chairs to fit on. There is alfo a Ta-
ble, and on one fide a little Altar, with two In-
cenfe-pots on it ; nor is any Houfe without its
Altar. One of thefe Incenfe Pots has a fmall bun-
dle of Rufhes in it -, the ends of which I always
took notice had been burnt, and the fire put out.
This outer Room is the place where they commonly
dreis their Food : yet in fair Weather they do it

It'll J

\ ili''

r <'■■

'' :\^

.) ::

w r.#

m '

I'i

'II

«■..■ <'

Ml ,

^ [I-

1, J!

44. VillageSy Groves, Banks, and Twitches.

An. i6S8.as frequently in the open Air, at their Doors, or in
^•^'Y^^ their Yards •, as being thereby the lefs incommoded
by Heat or Smoak.

They dwell not in lone Houfes, but together in
Villages: 'tis rare to fee a fingle Houfe by it felf.
The Country Villages commonly confift of twenty,
thirty, or forty Houfes, and are thick feated over
ail the Country ; yet hardly to be feen till you conip
to their very Doors, by Reafon of the Trees and
Groves they are furrounded with. And 'tis as rare
to fee a Grove without a Village, in the low Coun-
try near the Sea, as to fee a Village without a
Grove : but the high Lands are full of Woods, and
the Villages there Hand all as in one great Foreft.
The Villages and Land about them do moft belong
to great Men, and the Inhabitants are Tenants
that manure and cultivate the Ground.

The Villages in the low Land are alfo furround-
ed with great Banks and deep Ditches. Thefe in-
compafs the whole Grove, in which each Village
ftands.

The Banks are to keep the "Water from over-
flowing their Gardens, and from coming into their
J loufes in the wet Time, when all the Land about
them is under Water, two or three Foot deep. The
Ditches or Trenches are to prcfervethe Water in the
dry Time, with which they water their Gardens
when need requires. Every Man lets Water at Plea-
i'ure, by little Drains that run inward from the
Town -ditch, into his own Garden •, and ufually each
Man's Yard or Garden is parted from his Neighbours
by one of thefe little Drains on each Side. The
lloufcs lie fcattering up and down in the Grove ;
no where joining to one another, but each apart,
and fenced in with a fmall Hedge. Every Houfe
hath a fmall Gate or Stile to enter into the Garden
iirft, for the Houfe Hands in the Middle of it : and
the Gardens run alfo from the Bjickfide of the Houfe

.to

••"V-w

^trty Gardens. Cachao.' 45

othe Town-Ditch, with its drain and hedge on^n.itH.
leach fide. In the Gardens every Man has his own
ruit-trees,as Oranges,Limes, Betle -, his Fumkins,
lelons, Pine-apples, and a great many Herbs.
n the dry Seafon thefe Grovy dwellings are very
pleafant *, but in the wet feafon they are altoge-
ther uncomfortable : for the' fenced in thus with
'banks, yet are they like fo many Duck-houfes all
ivet and dirt: neither can they pafs from one
Village to another, but Mid-leg or to their Knees
in Water, unlefs fometimes in Boats, which they
llceep for this purpofe : But notwithflanding thefe,
they are feldom out of mire and wet, even in the.
niidft of the Village or Garden, fo long as that
feafon lafts. The Inhabitants of the higher pare
of the Kingdom are not troubled with fuch incon-
veniences, but live more cleanly and comfortably,
forafmuch as their Land is never overflown with
IWater : and tho' they live alio in Villages or Towns
:.s the former, yet they have no Occafion to fur-
roiind them with banks or trenches, but lie open
to the Foreft.
The Capital City CachaOy which Hands in the
1 Country about 80 Miles from the Sea, on the
Vveft-fide of the River, and on a pretty level, yet
rifing Ground, lies open in the fame manner, with--
out wall, bank, or ditch. There may be in Cachao
bout 20000 Houfes. The Houfes are generally
Jow, the walls of the Houfes are of mud, and the
covering Thatch, yet fome are built with Brick, and
the covering with Pan-tile. Moft of thefe Houfes
have a Yard, or Back-fide belonging to them. In
each Yard you fhall fee a fmall arched Building
made fomewhat like an Oven, about fix foot high,
with the Mouth on the Ground. It is built from
top to bottom with brick, all overdaub'd thick with
mild and dirt. If any Houfe wants a Yard, they
have ncverthelefs fuch a kind of Oven as this, but

finaller.

m ■■■>

V.J

1. 1

4«

'Precautions againft l<tre.

An. 1688 fmaller, fet up in the middle of the Houfe it ftirBf

i';

;l! fl

and there is Icarcc a Houfe in the City without one!
The ufe of it is to thruft their chiefefl Goods into!
when a Fire happens : for thcfc low thatch'd Mouj
fes are very fubje6t to take fire, efpecially in the!
dry Times, to the D,eflru6lion of many Houfcs inl
?*n Inftant, that often 4iey have fcarce Time to f°.l
cure their Goods in the arched Ovens, though {\
near them.

As every private Perfon hath this Contrivance,!
to fecure his own Goods, when a Fire happens, fc!
the Government hath carefully ordered neceflhrvl
means to be ufed for the preventing of Fire, oil
cxtinguiOiing it before it gets too great a Hcadl
For in the beginning of the dry Seafon every Man!
muft keep a great Jar of Water, on the top of hisl
Houfe, to be ready to pour down as occafion fhall|
ferve. Befides this, he is to keep a long Pole,
with a Balket or Bowl at the End of it, to throw!
"Water out of the Kennels upon the Houfes. Butl
if the Fire gets to fuch a Head, that both thefe ex-
pedients fail, then they cut the Straps that hold
the Thatch of the Houfes, and let it drop from
the Rafters to the Ground. This is done with littlel
Trouble ; for the Thatch is not laid on as ours,!
neither is it tied on by fingle Leaves, as in the WA
Indies^ and many parts of the Eaji-Indies^ where they!
thatch with Palmeto or Palm-Tree Leaves: butthisf
is made up in Panes of 7 or 8 foot fquare, before i:|
is laid on ; fo that 4 or 6 Panes, more or lefs, ac-f
cording to the bignefs of the Houfe, will cover one!
fide of it : and thefe Panes being only faftned in al
few places to the Rafters with Rattans, they are ea-
fily cut, and down drops half the covering at once,
Thefe Panes are alfo better than loofe Thatch,
as being more manageable, in cafe any of them
fliould fall on or near the Oven where the Goods!
arc ; for they are eafily dragged off to another

placej

Streets

lace. The nc
lelbonuncoverc
and the Thatcl
.laid where it nr
Ipurpofe every R
or Bambo at hi
end of it, pui
and if any Man
Houfe, and his
Door, he will
They arc rigorc
all this caution
by Fire.

The principa
though fome a
them pav*d, or
but after a very
are very dirty ;
ny flagnant Pon
(linking Mud,
it unpleafant, a
too : yet it is h
or could ever le;
The Kings <
tkir conftant !
laces in it, fuc
very mean ; th^
they many grt
them, Stables fc
and pretty larg
Soldiers to dnv
him. The Thii
It is more magr
yet built aifo v
Divans in Turhj
compaflcth it is
3 Leagues in Ci
Wall is 'About j

111!

place.j

Streets of Cachao, and Talaces,

place. The neighbouring Houfcs may this way^»

be loon uncovered, before the Flames comes to *cm •,

land the Thatch either carried away, or at leaft

Ibid where it may burn by it felf. And for this

purpofe every Man is ordered to keep a long Pole

or Banibo at his Door, with a Cutting hook at the

end of it, purpofely for uncovering the Houfes :

and if any Man is found without his Jar upon the

Houfe, and his Bucket-Pole and long Hook at his

Door, he will uc punifhed feverely for his negled.

[They are rigorous in exadling this : for even with

all this caution they ure much and often damaged

by Fire.

The principal Streets in thi.s City are very wide,
[though fome are but narrow. They are moft of
them pav*d, or patch'd rather, with fmall Stones;
but after a very ill manner. In the wet Seafon they
are very dirty •, and in the dry Time there are ma-
ny flagnant Ponds, and fome Ditches full of black
i (linking Mud, in and about the City. This makes
it unpleafant, and a Man would think unwholfome
I too : yet it is healthy enough, as far as I perceiv'd,
lor could ever learn.

The Kings of T'onqiiifj, who make this City
I their conftant Refidence, have two or three Pa-
laces in it, fuch as they be. Two of them arc
[very mean; they are built with Timber, yet have
they many great Guns planted in Houfes near
Ithem, Stables for the King's Elephants and Horfes,
land pretty large fquare Spots of Ground for the
Soldiers to draw themfelves up regularly before
him. The Third Palace is called the Palace Royal.
It is more magnificently buik than the other two:
yet built alfo with Timber, but all open as the
Divans in I'urky are faid to be. The Wall that in-
compaflcth it is moft remarkable. It is faid to be
3 Leagues in Circumference. The Heighth of this
Wall is about i^ or i6 foot, and almofl as many

broad

1688.

-■ 'm

i-A

'■ i i'

i t

I K'.

im^S

I Km

Mil

'ill

ill
i'll ii

■ in f

v-h

' t

4S Talace- Royal. Englifh Fa^ory.

"if ». 1688 broad or thick. It is faced up on Loth fides witli|
^•^^Y^^ Brick : there are feveral fmall Gates to go in and
out at, but the main Gatefaceth to the City. ThiJ
they fay is never opened, but when the Bcua orl
Emperour goes in or comes out. Theis arc twoj
fmall er Gates adjoining to it, one on each fide,
which are opened on all Occafions, for any con-
cerned there to pafs in and out ; but Strangers arei
not permitted this Liberty. Yet they may afcend
to the top of the Wall, and walk round it, there
being Stairs M :he Gale to go up by: and in fome
places the Walls are fallen down.

Within this Wall there are large Fifh-pondsJ
where alfo there are PI eafu re-Boats for the Enipc-
rour*s diverfi n. I fhall defer fpeaking of hirnj
whofe Prifon this is, rather than Court, till the|
next Chapter,^ where 1 fhall difc jurfe of the Go-
vernment.

The Houfe of the EngUJh Faftory, who are very!
few, is pleafantly feated on the North-end of the]
City, fronting to the River. *Tis a pretty hand-
fom low-built Houfe •, the beft that I faw in thel
CJty. There is a handfome Dining-room in tliel
middle, and at each end convenient Apartmentsl
for the Merchants, Fadors, and Servants belong-
ing to the Company to live in, with other conve-|
Jiiences. This Houfe ftands parallel with the Ri-
ver i and at each end of it there are fmaller HoufesI
for other ules, as Kitchen, Score- Houfes, ^c, run-
ning in a Line from the great Houfe towr^rds thel
River, making two Wings, and a iquarc Court!
open to the River. In this fquare fpace, nearp
the Banks of the River, there ftands a Flag Stati,
purpofely for the iioyfing up the t'nglijjj Colours!
on all Occafions : for it is the cuftum of our Couii-I
irymcn abroad, to lei f^y their Colours on Siuida)i\
and all other remarkable Days.

Thtl

.6S3.

A Mole to keep off Land ■ floods . 49

The Dutch Faftory joins to the EngfifJj Factory ^n.
an the South-fide : I was never in it, ar,d ihcrcforc
can fay nothing of it, but what I have heard, that
^hdr Ground is not fo large as Ours, tho* chey are
ihe longed Standers here by many Years : for the
In^j are but newly removed hither from Ilean^
vhcre they refidcd altogether before.
Ther? is nothing more in or about the City worth
hoting, but only a Piece of Work on the fame fide,
jp the River. This is a mafly Frame of Timber,
jngenioufly put together, and very artificially pla-
ced on great Piles, that are fet upright 'n the RI-
ter, juft by its Banks. The Piles are dr'ven firm-
ly into the Ground, clofe one by another : and all
|he fpace between thcin and the Bank is filled up
vith Stones, and on them great Trees laid a-crofs,
Ind pinn'd faft to each erd to the Piles. So that
[he whole Fabrick muft be moved before any part
dF it will yield. This Piece of Work is raifed a-
boiit 1 6 or 17 Foot abo^e the Water in the dry
fime, but in the wet Seafon the Floods come with-
er 3 Foot of the Top. It was made to refifl;
lie violence of the Water" in the rainy Seafon : for
he Stream then preflTeth fo hard againfl this 'Place,
hat before this Pile was' 'built, it brokc^down the
fank, and threatned to cirry all before it^ even to
tie ruining of the City, if this courfe had hot rime-
f been taken to prevent it. And fo much the ra-
hcr, becaufe there is i^ large Pond jiift within
/and, and low Ground between it afid the City :
that had it made but a Irnall breach into the
Pond, it would have come even to the Skirls of the
by. And though the City ftands fo high as that
he Land-floods never reach it, yt the Land on
[hich it (lands being a fort of yiehiing Sand, could
otbe thought capable of always rcfifiing fuch vi-
fence. For the natural Floods do very olcen make
^eac changes in the River, breaking down one point

E of

I n

'S;l'^-

r i

<♦

■

\l[.

50 Thieving, ff^ives and Common tTomen.

Jin 1688. of Land, and making another point in the oppofitJ
fide of the River j and tliat chiefly in this part ol
the Country, where it is bounded with high Bunks]
for nearer tlie Sea, where it prefently overflows, th
I loods do feldom make any confiderablc ciiangj
and move more quietly. 1

But to return to the People. They tut courtcj
ous and civil to Strangers, efpecially the trading
People : But the great Men arc Proud, Haughtj
and Ambitious i and the Soldiers very infolenJ
The poorer fort are very Thicvifli j infomuch thai
the Fadors and Strangers that Traffick hither d
forced to keep good Watch in the Night to fccuri
their Goods, notwithftanding the fevere Puniflimcnti
they have againfl: Thieving. They have indeed
great Opportunities of Thieving, the Houfes beinj
lo flightly built : But they will work a way unilci
Ground, rather than fail j and ufe many fubdl
Stratagems. 1 am a Stranger to any Ceremonia
ufed by them in Marriage, or at the Birth ofi
Child, or the like, if they ufe any ' PolygamJ
is allowed of in this Country, and they buy theij
Wives of the Parents. The King and great Mej
keep feveral, as their Inclinations le?,d them, an|
their Ability ferves. The Poor are ftintcd fol
want of means more than tlcfire : For though mi
ny are not able to buy, much lefs to maintain onj
Wife i yet moft of them make a fliift to get one)
for here are fome very low-prized ones, that an
glad to take up with poor Hufbands. But then:
hard Times, the Man niuft fell both Wife andChil]
dren, to buy Rice to maintain himfelf. Yetthisi
not fo common here as in fome Places ; as I
fore obferved of the Malabar and Coromandel CoaftJ
This Cuftiom among them of buying Wives, eafJ
ly degenerates into that other of hiring Mifles, an|
gives great Liberty to the young Women, wh
oflfer themfelves of their own accord to any Stran

gersi

firemen let out to bite to Strangers, $ i

^rs, who will go to their Price. There are of^*. 1688

[cm of all Prizes, from 100 Dollais to 5 Dol '•^O/^Ni^*

rs, and the Refiiie of all will be carcfTcd by the

3r Seamen. Such as the Lafcars^ who are Moors

Indiay coming hither in Vcffcls from Fort St.

(ir^t^ and other Places •, who yet have nothing to

ivethem, but fucb Fragments of Food, as tneir

DiTimons will afford. Even the great Men of 7^;;-

im will offer their Daughters to the Merchants

Id Officers, though their Stay is not likely to be

love five or fix Months in tb" Country : neither

(ethey afraid to be with Child by White Men, for

eir Children will be much fairer than their Mo-

ers, and confequently of greater Repute, when

ley grow up, if they be Girls. Nor is it any

[eat Charge to breed them here : and at the word,

their Mothers are not able to maintain them,

IS but felling them when they are young. But

return, the Women who thus let themfelves to

re, ■;. they have been fo frugal as to favc what

ey ha>'e got by thefe loofe Amours, they foon

[ocure . lusbands, that will love and efteem them

|lleno,.gh : and themfelves alfo will prove after-

jirds obedient and faithful Wives. For *tis faid,

It even while they are with Strangers, they arc

[ry faithful to them j efpecially to luch as remain

tig in the Country, or make annual Returns hi-

ler, as the Dutch generally do. Many of thefc

jve gotten good Eftates by their Tongmn Ladies,

|d that chiefly by trufting them with Money an^

Dods. For in this poor Country 'tis a great Aa-

[ntage to watch the Market v and thefe Female

jerchants having Stocks will mightily improve

[em, taking their Opportunities of buying raw

|k in the dead Time of the Year. With this they

11 employ the poor People, when Work is

free V and get it cheaper and better done, than

IcR Ships are here : for then every Man being em-

E 2 ployed

I r

m')

m I

■^^

iif"

' ,1' ' '

i '

1 '. '

5 1 Funeral Tile and feafl,

Jn. i^»88. ployed and in a Hurry of Bulincrs, he wi'l have]
^^"^^^^ Price according to the Ilaftc* of Work. And by d
Means they will ^ret tiicir Goods ready againftn
Ships arrive, and before the ordinary working Scj
Ion, to the Profit boili of the Merchivu and the U
gaily.

When a Man dies he Is iiiterr'd in h^ own Land
for here are no common Burying-nlaccs : An
within a Month afterwards the Friends of the
ceafed, efpecially if he was the Mafter of tlie Fairi
ly, muft; make a great Feaft of Flelh and Fruit;
tne Grave. *Tis a Thing belonging to the Priell
Office to aflift at this Solemnity •, they are aKva||
there, and take care to fee that the Friends of ti|
dcceafed have it duly performed. To make thisFeai
they are obliged to fell a Piece of Land, tho' ik
have Money enough othcrways : Which Money did
beftow in fuch Things as are neccflary for the Solen
Jiity, which is more or lefs, according to the Quail
ty of the Dcceafed. If he was a great Man, theil
is a Tower of Wood erct5led over the Grave;
may be 7 or 8 Foot fquare, and built 20 or 25 Fo
higli. About 20 Yards from the Tower, are litti
Sheds built with Stalls, to lay the Provifions oij
both of Meat and P'ruits of all Sorts, and that
great Plenty. Thither the Country People refortt
fill their Bellies, for the Feall feems to be free fora
Comers, at leait of the Neighbourhood. Flow it!
dreft or diftributcd about, I know not ; but thert
the People wait till 'tis ready. Then the Pried gcj
within the Tower, and climbs up to the Top, an
looking out from thence, makes an Oration totlj
People below. After this the Prieft defcends, an
then they fet F'ire to the Foundation of the Tofl
cr, burning it down to the Ground: and whtj
this is done they fall to their Meat. Ifawonei
thefe Grave-Feafts, which I fhall have dfcwhere
cafion to mention.

The Tajiiwes at the Ne^Ji'Tcar^ Fenfl.' 51

I The ToNquwi'fe have two Annual Fcafts. The^»_i£S?
iicfis at the firll New-Moon of the Nfw-Ti'ar : and
Icir New- Year begins with the lirfl New-Moon that

Is out after the Middle of ynuuary, for clfc that

loon is rcckon*d to the OKI Year. At this Time

ty nuke merry and rejc^ycc lo or i2 Days, and

[en there is no Biifinels done, hut every Man makes

(midf as fine as may be, cfpecially the common

Vt. Tlicfe fpend their Time in Gaming or Sport-

r, and you fhall fee the Streets full of People,

Jth Citizens and Country-Folks, gazing at fevcral

Ivcrtinii F.xcrciles. vSomc fet up Swings in the

|rcc't% and g't Money of thofe that will fwing in

Icm. 'J'hc Frames are contrived like ours in the

lids about Londofi in Holiday Times : but they

|lio fwing Hand upright in the lower part of the

ving, which is only a Stick (landing on each End,

ting faflned to a pendulous Rope, which they hold

111 with their Hands on eacli Side -, and they raife

bifclves to fuch a prodigious Heighth, that if the

ving Ihould break they mull needs break their

limbs at bell, if not kill themfelves out-right. O-

Icrsfpcnd their Time in Drinking.* Their ordinary

Irink i« Tea: but they make themfelves merry

kh hot Rack, which fometimes alfo they mix with

leir Tea. Either way it hath an odd nafty Tafte,

Vis very ftrong ; and is therefore much efteemed

them, efpecially at this Time, when they fo
luch devote themfelves to Mirth, or Madnefs, or
fen beftial Drunkennefs. The richer Sort are
lore refervcd •, yet tiiey will alfo be very merry at
lis Time. The Nobles trc.^.t their Friends with good
lieer and the bell Rack •, but indeed there is none
bod in this Country. Yet fuch as they have they
feem as a great Cordial •, efpcciiilly when Snakes
(d Scorpions have been infuied therein, as I have
jen informed. This is not only accounted a great
[ordial, but an Antidote againll the Lcproiy, and

L A ail

•^ < ■ ll ■!

I' I.'

i, ••■

i m

'. v..

- -l:

■A : 'i

I 1

5+ Chinam, a Tafic us'd with Bctlc and Arck.

Jrf*. i68r;all Sorts of Poifon ; and 'tis accounted a great PiJ
^>^^Y^^ of RefpeCt to any one to treat him with his Liquo
I had this Relation from o e that had been treati
thus by many of the great Men. They alfo at tli
Time more cfpecially chew Abundance of Beil
and make Prefents thereof to one another.

The Betle Leaf is the great Entertainment in
Eaft for all Vilitants *, and 'tis always given witj
the Arek folded up in it. They make up the Ate]
in Pellets fit for ufe, by firft peeling oft the outa
green hard Rind of the Nuts, and then fplittingi
length-ways in rhree or four Parts, more or lefs, acl
cording to its Bignefs. Then they dawb the
all over with Chinam or Lime made into a Morti
or Paftc, and kept in a Box for this Purpoftl
fpreading it thin.

And here by the Way I fhall take Notice of I
Slip in the former Volume, p. 318. which Helirj
may be correfted : the Nut being there by Miftakj
call'd the Betle, and the Arek-rree call*d the Betk|
tree, whereas Betle is the name of the Leaf thff
chew. In this Leaf thus fpread with Chinam, tliej
roll up a (lice of Arek Nut, very neatly, and makj
a Pellet of about an Inch long, and as big as tli
Top of one*s Finger. Every Man here has a
that will hold a great many of thefe Pellets, in whicJ
they keep a Store ready made up : for all Perfonsj
of what Quality foever, from the Prince to th
Beggar, chew Abundance of it. The poorer Soij
carry a fmall Pouchful about with them : Biitt'u
Mandarins, or great Men, have curious oval Boxc
made purpofely for this ufe, that will hold fifty
lixty Betle Pellets. Thefe Boxes are neatly lackera
and gilded, both Infide and Outfide, with a Covd
to take off -, and if any Stranger vifits them, cfptj
ciilly Europeans, they are fure, among other goo
Entertainment, to be treated with a Box of Bed!
The Attendant that brings it, holds it to the \d

Ha '

^refents of Bctlc, and Entertainment si 5 5

fand of the Stranger ; who therewith taking o^An. 1688.
he Cover, takes with his right Hand the Nuts out vx'Y^sJ
jf the Box. 'Twere an Affront to take them, or
jive or receive any thing with the left Hand, which
confined all over India to the viler Ufes.
It is accounted good Breeding to commend the
'afte or Neatnefs of this Prefent ; and they all love
|to be flarcer'd. You thereby extreamly pleafc the
latter of the Houfe, and ingage him to be your
Friend : and afterwards you may be furc he will
lot fail to fend his Servant with a Prefent of Betle
)nce in two or three Mornings, with a Comple-
ment to know how you do. This will coft you a
fmall Gratuity to the Servant, who joyfully ac-
]uaints his Mafter how gratefully you received the
Iprefent : and this ftill engages him more ; and he
Iv/ill complement you with great Relpedt whenever he
Imeets you. I was invited to one of thefe New-years
IFeafts by one of the Country, and accordingly
Iwent afhore, as many other Seamen did upon like
jinvications. I know not what Entertainment they
(had ; but mine was like to be but mean, and there-
fore I prefently left it. The fl-aple Difh was Rice,
^hicS I have faid before is the common Food : Be-
Ifides which, my Friend, that he might the better cn-
liertain me and his other Guefts, had been in the
[Morning a fifhing in a Pond not far from his Houfc,
land had caught a huge Mefs of Frogs, and with
[great Joy brought them home as foon as I came ta
Ihis Houfc. I wonderM to fee him turn out fo ma-
jny of thefe Creatures into a Basket -, and asking
[him what they were for ? he told me, to eat : but
how he dreft them I know not ; I did not like his
[Dainties fo well as to (lay and dine with him.

The other great Feall they have, is after their
|M(2)-crop is hous*d, about the Beginning of June^
At this Feaft alfo they have publick Rejoycing ;
|b'Jt much infcriour to thofeoftiieir New-years Fealt.

E 4 There

'n- \ri

I n..

■ ■ h\

f U: ,

5 <5 T/je Religion and Idols of Tonquln.

'^n. 1688. Their Religion is Paganifm, and they are great!
^y>^^ Idolaters : Neverthelcfs rhey own an omnipotent,
fupreme, over-ruling Power, that beholds both!
them and their Adions, and fo far takes Notice of
them, as to reward the Good, and punhli the Bad in
the other World. For they believe the Immortality
of the Soul : but the Notion that they have of the
Deity is very obfcure. Yet by the Figures which
they make rcprefentii?g this God, they manifeftly
fliew that they do believe him to excel in Sight,
Strength, Courage and Wifdom, Juftice, i^c. For
though their Idols, which are made in humane Shapes,]
are very different in their Forms •, yet they all repre-
fent fomewhat extraordinary, either in the Counte-
nance, or in the Make of the Body or Limbs. Somel
are very corpulent and fat, others are very lean;
fome alfo have many Eyes, others as many Hands,!
and all grafping fomewhat. Their Afpeds are alfol
different, and in fome Meafure reprefenting what
they are iTiadc to imitate, or there is fomewhat in
their Hands or lying by them, to illuftrate the
Meaning of the Figure. Several Pallions are alfo
reprefented in the Countenace of the Image, as Love,
Hatred, Joy, Grief. I was told of one Image that
was placed fitting on his Hams, with his Klbowsl
refting on his Knees, and his Chin refting on his two!
Thumbs, for the fupporting his Head, which lookt
drooping forwards : his Eyes were mournfully lifted
up towards Heaven, and the Figure was fo lean,!
and the Countenance and whole Compofure was fo
forrowful, that it was enough to move the B^^holder
with pity and Compaffion. My Friend (iiid hewasj
much affecced with the Sight thereof. vih ■ ,

There are other Images alfo, that ^vt in thel
Shape of Beads, either Elephants or Horfes, for I|
have not feen them in any other Shape, The Paio-
(las or Idol Temples, are not fumptuous and magni-|
licent, as in fome of the Neigbouring Kingdoms.

They I

T^^ Pagodas (?r Temples, The Trhjs, S7

khey are generally built with Timber, and -re but-^»- '688."
fmall and low : yet moftly covered with I'untile -, ^^
efpecially the City Pagodas -^ but in the Country fome
of them are thatched. I law the Horfe and Elephant
Idols only in the Country : and indeed I faw none
of the Idols in the City Cacbao, but was told they
hvere generally in humane Shapes.

The Horfe and Elephant Images I faw, were
I both Sorts about the Bignefs and Height of a good
Horfe, each Handing in the midft of a little Temple,
juft big enough to contain them, with their Heads
towards the Door : and fometimes one, fometimcs
two together in a Temple, which was always open.
There were up and down in the Country other
Buildings, fuch as Pagodas, or Temples, Tombs,
or the like, lefs than thefe ; and not above the
Heiglith of a Man : but thefe were always fhut fo
Iclofe, that I could not fee what was within them.

There, were many Pagan Priefts belonging to thefe
iPd^odas, and 'tis reported that they are by the Laws
tied to itri(^ Rules of Living, as Abflinence from
Women, and ftrong Drink efpecially, and enjoin-
ed a poqr Sort of Life. Yet they don't feem to
confine, themfelves much to thefe Rules : but their
Subfiftence being chiefly from Oherings, and there
being many of them, they are ufualiy very poor.
The Offerings to the Prieft is commonly two or
three Handfuls of Rice, a Box of Betle, or fome
luch like Prefent. One Thing the People refort to
them for is Fortune-telling, at which they pretend
to be very expert, and will be much offended if any
|tlifput€ their Skill in that, or the Truth ot their Re-
ligion. Their Habitations are very little and mean,
Iclofe by the Pagoda^, where they conftantly attend
ItQ offer the Petitions of the poor People, that fre-
quently refort, thither, on fome fuch Errand. For
|they have no fet Times of Devotion, neither do
liiey feern to eftcem one Day above another, except
, ., their

„'i 'if

^ h -'ill 'v 1» v_»>.

»■ .

r r

' i

II..

il:

i ■

!!'M

4 I 1

til

5 S Tke Solemnity of their Prayers,

'^n. 1 688' their Annual Feafts. The People bring ro tlie
Prieft in Writing what Petition they have to make :
and he reads it aloud before the Idol, and afterwards
burns it in an Inccnfe-pot, the Supplicant all the
while lying proftrate on the Ground.

I think the Mandarins and rich People feldom
come to the Pagodas^ but have a Clerk of their own,
who reads the Petition in their own Courts or
Yards: and it fhould fecm by this, that the Ma.ida-l
rins have a better Senfe nf tne Deity, than the com-
mon People i for in thcfe Yards, there is no Idol,
before whom to perform the Ceremony, but 'tis
done with Eyes lift up to Heaven. When they
make this Petition they order a great deal of good
Meat to be drclt, and calling all their Servants into
the Court, where rhti Ceremony is to be performed,
they place rhe Food on a Tabic, where alfo two In-
ccnfe-pocs are placed, and thtn the Mandarin pre-
fents a Paper to the Clerk, who reads it with an au-
dible Voice. In the firft Place there is drawn up an
ample Account of all that God has bleft him withal,
as Health, Riches, Honour, Favour of his I
Prince, ^c, and long Life, if he be old; and tc-l
wards the Conclufion, there is a Petition to God
for a Continuance of all the^'* Bleflings, and a iarthprj
Augmentation of them* elpecially wich long Life
and Favour of his Prince, which laft they efteem as
the greatefl: of all BlefE..gs. While this Paper is
reading, the Mafter kneels down, and bows his Face
to the Karth; and when the Clerk has done reading!
it, he purs it to the burning RuHies, that are in the I
Incenfe-pot, where 'tis confum*d. Then he flings |
in 3 or 4 little Bundles of facred Paper, which is ve-
ry fine and gilded; and when that alfo is burnt, he I
bids his Servants eat the Meat. This Relation I had
from an Englijh Gentleman, who underftood the|
Language very well, and was prefent at fuch a Cere-
mony. I'his burning of Paper feems a great Cuftoni|

amend

flings
s ve-
It, he
I had
the
Cere-
iftom

The Tonquincfc Language and Writing. 59

among the Eaftcrn Idolaters: and in my former yO'An:\6%%.
lume 1 obfervcd the doing fo by the Chinefcy in a Sa-
crifice they had at Bencouli.

The ^ronquinefe Language is fpoken very much
through the Throat, but many Words of it are pro-
nounced through the Teeth. It has a great Affinity
to the Cbinefe Language, efpccially the Fokein Dia-
led, as 1 have been informed : and though their
Words are differently pronounced, yet they can un-
derftand each other's Writings, the Charaiflers and
Words being fo near the fame. The Court Lan*
guage efpecially is very near the Cbinefe ; for the
Courtiers being all Scholars, they fpeak more ele-
gantly i and it differs very much from the vulgar
corrupted Language. But for the Malayan Tongue,
which Monfieur Tavernier^s Brothf^r in his Hifto-
ry of lonquin fays is the Court Language, I ne-
ver could hear by any Perfon that it is fpoken
there, tho* I have made particular Inquiry about it ;
neither can I be of his Opinion in that Matter. For
the Tonquinefe have no Manner of Trade with any
Malaws that I could obfervc or learn, neither
have any of their neighbours : and for what other
grounds the Tonquinefc fhould receive that language
I know not. k is not probable that either Con-
Queft, Trade or Religion could bring it in ; nor
do they travel towards Malacca^ but towards Cbiua %
and commonly 'tis from one of thefe caufes that
Men Jearn the language of another Nation.
The remarkable fmoothnefs of that Language,
I confpfs, might excite fome People to learn it out
ot curiofity : but the Tonquiuefe are not fo curious.

They have Schools of Learning and Nurferici
to tutor youth. The Characters they write in arc
the fame with the Chincfe^ by what I could judge i
and they write with a hair Pencil, nor fitting at a
Table, as v/c do, but ftand upright. They hold
their Paper in one hancl, and write with the other :

"»,'

• il*'*

filvlt' : H|':

* 'i'

( i

III i

• 1 !

60 Their Learning and Mechanick Arts.

An. 1 588. making their Charafters very exaft and fair.

yy^ They write their Lines right down from the Top to
the Bottom, beginning the firft Line from the right
Hand, and fo proceeding on towards the Left. Af-
ter they can write they are inftruded in fuch
Sciences as their Mafters can tutor them in -, and
the Mathematicks are much ftudied by them : They
feem to underftand a Httle of Geometry and Arith-
metick, and fomewi.it more of Aftronomy. They
have Almanacks among them: but I could not
learn whether they are made in lonquin, or brought
to them from Cloina.

Since the Jefuits came into thefe Parts, fome of
them have improved themfelves in Aftronomy
pretty much. They know from them the Revo-
lution of the Planets i they alfo learn of them
natural Philofophy, and efpecially Ethicks : and
when young Students are admitted to make Gra-
duates, they pafs through a very ftrift Examination.
They compofe fomething by way of Trial, which
they mutt be careful to have wholly their own,
for if it is found out that they have been afTifted,
they are punifhed, degraded, and never admitted
to a fecond Examination.

The I'onquinefe have learnt feveral Mechanick
Arts and Trades, fo that here are many Tradefmen,
viz. Smiths, Carpenters, Sawyers, Joyncrs, Tur-
ners, Weavers, Tailors, Potters, Painters, Money-
changers, Paper-makers, Workers on Lacker- Ware,
Bell-founders, ^c. Their Saws are moft in Frames,
and drawn forwards and backwards by two Men.
Money-changing is a great Profeflion here. It is
managed by Women, who are very dextrous and
ripe in this Employment. They hold their Cabals
in the Night, and know how to raife their Cafh as
well as the cunningeft Stock-jobber in London.

■xu

The

i...)

Commodities and Mamifa[fures] 6i

The ^onquinefe make indifferent good Paper, of •^»« '<58&i
two Sorts. One Sort is made of Silk, the other
of the Rinds of Trees. This being pounded well
with wooden Peftles in large Troughs, makes the
beft writing Paper.

The vendible Commodities of this Kingdom, are
Gold, Musk, Silks, both wrought and raw, fomc
Caillcoes, Drugs of many Sorts, Wood for dying.
Lacker- Wares, Earthen- Wares, Salt, Annifecd,
Wormfeed, ^c. There is much Gold in this
Country : It is like the China Gold, as pure as that
of Japan^ and much finer. Eleven or twelve ^ale
of Silver brings one of Gold. A Tale is the Name
of a Summ about a Noble Englijh. Befides the
raw Silk fetched from hence, here arc feveral Sorts
of wrought Silks made for Exportation, viz, Pe-.
longs, SiieSy Hawkins, Piniafco*s, and Gaws, The
Pdongs and Gaws are of each Sort, eitl er plain or
flowered very neatly. They make fev^eial other
Sorts of Silk, but thefe are the Principal that arc
bought by the EnglifJj or Dutch, ■

The lacker'd Vv^are that is made here, is not in-
ferior to any but that of Japan only, which is
elleemed the bcft in the World-, probably becaufe.
the Japan W^ood is much better than tliis at^o«^?fi^,
for there feems hot any confiderable Difference ia
the Paint or Varnifh. The Lack oi^ronquin is a Sort
cf gummy Juice, which drains out of the Bodies
of Limbs of Trees. It is gotten in fuch Quantities
by the Country People, that they daily bring it in
gre^t Tubs to the Markets at Cachao to fell, efpecL-
ally all the working Seafon. The natural Colour
Is white, and in Subllance thick like Cream : but
the Air will change its Colour, and make it look
blackifh : And therefore the Country People that
bring it to Town, cover it ov.r with 2 or 3 Sheets
of Paper, or Leaves, to prcferve it in its frefli native
I Colour. The Cabinets, Delks, or any Sort of

Frames

iiP

62 Of the Lacker-warp, Lack, and Tur^enttnt.

jtn. 1688 Frames to be Lackered, are made of Fir, orl
iy'V^ Pone-tree : but the Joyners in this Country may
not compare their Work with that which the Eu.
ropeans make : and in laying on the Lack upon
good or fine joyned work, they frequently fpoil ^h'
joynts, edges, or corners of Drawers of Cabinets :
Befides, our fafhions of Utenfils differ mightily
from theirs, and for that reafon Capt'h Poo/, in
^is fe- no Voyage to the Couniry, brought an in-
gf-fiious Jo/ner with him to make fafliionable Com-
iDoditics to be lackered here, as alfo Deal -boards,
wh v.h ar : "nuch better than the Pone -wood c^ this
Country.

The Work-houfes where the Lacker is laid on,
arc accounted very unwholefome, by reafon of a
poifonous quality, faid to be in the Lack, which
fumes into the Brains through the Noftrils of rHnfo
that work at it, making them break out in Botches
and Biles *, yet the fcent is not ftrong, nor the
fmell unfavoury. The Labourers at this Trade
can work only in the dry Seafon, or when the drying
North Winds blow : for as they lay feveral Coats
of Lack, one on another, fo thefe mull all have
time to be thronghly dry, before an outer Coat
can be ^aid on the former. It grows blackifh of
it fclf, when cxpofed to the Air ; but the Colour
is heightned by Oil and other ingredients mixt with
it. When the outfide Coat is dry, they polirti it to
bring it to a glofs. This is done chiefly by often
rubbing it with the ball or palm of their Hands.
They can make the Lack of any colour, and tern-
J)cr it fo as to make therewith good Glcw, faid
to be the bell in the World : It is alfo very cheap,
and prohibited Exportation. They make Va rnifh
alfo with the Lack.

Kere is alfo turpentine m good plenty, and very
cheap. Our Captain bought a confiderable quan-
tity for the Ships ufe : and cf this the Carpenter

mad:

bours; tho* as

Earthen Ware andT^nigs. 63

oade good Pitch, and ufcd it for covering the Seams -^»». •688.
Jfier they were caulked. WN^

The Earthen Ware c^^. this Country is courfe and
agrey Ccloi:i, yet ti»uy make great quantities of
ill Earthen Diflies, that will ImlJ halt a Pint or
ire. The) are broader towards the brim than aC
- boL.om, fo that thev may be flowed within
fne another. They have been fold by Europeans^ in
nany cf the Aiaiayan Countries, and for that rea-
son Capt. Pncl in his firft Voyage bought the bed
bartoF 1 00000, in hopes to fell them in his return
homeward at Batavia^ but not finding a Market
lor :hem there, he carried them to Bencouli on the
liland Suinatrciy where he fold them at a great
brcfit to Governour Bloom : And he alfo fold molt
pf them at good Advantage to the Nativ
Udlayans i\iQ.rt : yet fome thoufands were Hill a:
[he Fort when I came thither, the Country beir
elutted with them. Capt, fFeldon alfo bought 30
DF 40000, and carried them to Fori Si. George, but
liow he difpofed of them I know not. The China
pares which arc much finer, have of late fpoiled
[he fale of this Commodity in moft places : Yet at
nckan in the Bay of Bengali^ they are ilill efteem-
^d, and fell at a good rate.

The feveral forts of Drugs bought and fold here,
^re beyond my Knowledge : but here is China root,
^jalingame, Rhubarb, Ginger, i^c. Neither do I
bow whether any of thefe grow in this Country,
[or they are moftly imported fron their Neigh-
Doursi tho* as to the Ginger, 1 think it grows
ihere. Here is alfo a fort of Fruit or Berry faid to
grow on fmall Bullies, called by the Butch Annifi^
fecaufe its fcent and tafte is ftrong like that of the
Innifecd. This Commodity is only exported hence
by the Butch, who carry it to Batavia, and there
jiftil it among their Arack, to give it an Annifeed
"ivour. This fort of Arack is not fir to make

Punch

I 1 i

■'i

■Ivr

.1.

!'.

■t^i'

[

'^' i ;,.

i '

' 64 Sappm-woody fFormfeedy Musk, Rhubarb^ ^;

'^if. i^'fiS-Ponch with, neither is it ufed that way, but foi
V uiu of plain Arack. It is only ufed to take
Dram of by itfclf, by xho: Dutch chiefly, whoir,
ftcad of Brandy, will fwallow large dofes of it, tho'
it be ftrong: but 'tis alio much uled and ellecmei
all over the Eajt-ffidies.

I'herc is one fort of Dying-wood in this Coun
try much like the Campeachy Log- wood,, tho' whe
ther the fame, or Wood of greater value, I kn(w|
not. I have heard that *tis called Sappan Wood.
and that it comes from Siam. It was fmaller than
what we ufually cut in the Bay of Campeachy \ for|
the biggell ftick that I faw here was no big
than my Leg, and moil: of it much fmaller, and
crooked. They have other fort of Dyes ; but l|
can give no account of them. Th»:y dye feveral
Colours hcfc, but I have been told they arc notj
lafting. They have many forts of good tall Tim
ber- trees in this Country, fit for any forts 01
Building : but by relation none very durable.
For Mailing the Fir and Pone-trees are the bellj
Here is much Wormfeed, but it grows not in thisl
Kingdom. It is brought from within the Land
from the Kingdom of Boutan^ or from thc^ Provincc|
of Tu)2a?n, bordering on this Kingdom, yet belong
ing to China. From thence comes the Musk anc
Rnubarb-, and thefe three Commodities are faidto
be peculiar to Bovtan and Tunam. The Musk grows
in the Cods of Goats. The fame Countries yield
Gold alfo, and fupply this Country with it: for
Avhatever Gold Mines the T'onquifiefe are faid to have
in their own Mountains, yet they do not work up-
on them.

.With all thefe rich Commodities, one would ex-
pert the People to be rich •, but the Generality are
very poor,, confidering what a Trade is driven here.j
For they have little or no Trade by Sea therri
felves, except for Eatables, as Rice, and Fiili,

whic

5ger|

growl
yieldl
t: fori

:o have!
k up-i

The Trade driven at Tonquin. 6$

lich is fpent in the Country : but the main Trade -^«- >^88

chf Country is maintained by the CbiKefe^ En- ^-^^^T^

\[t^ Dutch ^ and other Merchant Strnngers, who

ther refide here conftantly, or make thL-ir annual

tturns hither. Thefe export their Commodities

pd import fuch as are vendible here. The Goods

Bporced hither belides Silver, arc Salt-peter, Sul-

U, P-^^ifl) Broad-Cloath, Cloath-raflies, fomc j

licoeSjPepper and other Spices,Lead, great Guns,

|i. but of Guns the long Saker is moft cfleemed.

or thefe Commodities you receive Money or Goods,

cording to contradl : but the Country is fo very

3r, that, as I formerly obfervcd, the Merchant

|mmonIy ftays 3 or 4 Months for his Goods after

I has paid for them ; becaufe the Poor are notem-

jyed till Ships arrive in the Country, and then

ley are fet to work by the Money that is brought

)iher in them. The King buys great Guns, and

ne pieces of Broad-Cloath : but his pay is fo

J, that Merchants care not to deal with him,

jld they avoid it. Buc the trading People by all

founts are honeft and juft : That I heard a Man

\, who had traded there ten Years, in which time

[dealt for many Thoufands of Pounds, tlmt he did

in all that Time loofe i o/. by them all.

'J',

CHAP.

<2> rajr *i*

wmm

'• ' ■'IJi ' '' 111 I I
'' ' 'if •'■^' fj^lll

■\ n

'■'V

|r::

'):;■:

!'.

IJJ

i'<9'\

;' I ,

:,•;!!.

66 The Government ij/* Tonquiii.

^n. t<588.

CHAP. IV.

Of the Government ^/Tonquin. The two Km
Boua and Choua j the Revolt of the U
chinchincfe, and Original of the pre/tn
Confiitution at Tonquin. Of the Boual
Confinement, and the Choua'/ or ruling K\m
Perfon and Government j and the Treajwl
Elephants and Artillery, Their manner
making Gunpowder, Of the Soldiers, tk
Arms, Employment^ 6cc. Of the Nav\
Force, their fine G allies and Management \
them. The JFatch kept in their Towns, th\
Juftice and punishing of debtors, and Cff
minals of all forts. Of the Eunuch ManJ
rins : Their promotion and ^ijpofitio
Of their fwearifig upon a draught of Hn
I Blood : and the Trial by bitter fVaten

Guinea. Of the Mandarins Entertainmeni
The Chop-j licks ufed at Meals j andth\
kindnefs to Strangers.

Tl His Kingdom is an abfolute Monarchy,
of fuch a kind as is not in the World agaij
for it has two Kings, and each fupreme in
particular way : The one is called Boua, the ot]
Choua ; which laft Name I have been told fignifl
Majler. The Boua and his Anceftors were the fl
Monarchs o^ Tonquin *, tho' I know not whether [
independent Sovereigns, or as Tributaries to Ch\\
of which they have been thought to have beeij
Frontier Province, if not a Colony : for there i|
great Affinity between them in their Languaj

Religii

The fjifo Kings Bona and Choua. 67

Wigion, andCufloms. Thefe two Kings they have^». i689.
1: prefi nt, arc not any way related in their Dcftent ^^^Y^^
br Families : nor could I learn how long their Go-
vernment has continued in the prefent Form i but
^t appears to have been for fome Succeffions. The
canon is varioufly reported j but fome give this
i'ccount of it.

The Boua'i or anticnt King's of Tonqtiin, were
[ormcrly Mailers of Cochinchinay and kept that Na-
jion in fubjedlion by an Army ofTonquinefe conflant-
ly kept there, under a General or Deputy, who
luled them. When Cochinchina threw off" the Tun-
mtfe Yoak, the King had two great Generals, one

Ccchinchina^ and another in 'Tonquin it fclf.
rhefe two Generals differing, he who was in Cho-
hiiichiua revolted from his Sovereign of T'onquin^ and
ky his Power over the Army there, made himfelf
ting of Chochinchina : fince which thefe two Nati-
ons have always been at Wars i yet each Nation of
wis rather on the defenfive part than on the of-
i:nfive. But vhen the General who commanded in

inchina had been thus fucccfsful in his Revolt

^om under the Boua, the ^onqtiinefe General took

k Courage to do fo too ; and having gained the

lifedions of his Army, deprived the King his Maf-

lerof all the Regal Power, and kept it with all the

Venues of the Crown in his own Hands : yet

|taving the other the Title of King ; probably,

caufe of the great Zeal the People had for that

family. And thus the Kingdom came wholly into

lie Power of rhi; Tonquinefe Gener^ly and his Heirs,

[ho carry the Tii. '^ of CboUa -, the Boiia*s of the

Wicnt Family having only the lliadow of that Au-

jiority they were formerly Mafters of. The Bcua

pes the Life of a kind of a Prifoner of Stare, with-

I the old Palace, with his Women and Children ;

nd diverts himfelf in Boats among his Fifh-ponds

F 2 with-

^n'

' .1"?

If''

1*^

|;'

';?, ■

•

'm'I' 1

Hi '

tli

III

,: I ^i.

'if

i I

68 T-^^ defpotick 'Tower of the Choua.

:<<». 1 688. within the Palace Walls, but never ftirs withoutl
thofe Bounds. He is held in grea- Vcnenition by
all the 'Tonquinefe, and feemingly by the Choua alfo;
who never offers any violence to him, but treats
him with all imaginable refpedl. The People fay
they have no King but Boua ; and Teem to have
fad Apprehenfions of the Lofs they fliould have, ii
he fliould dye without an Heir : and whenever
the Choua comes into his prefence, which is 2 or|
3 times in the Year, he ufeth abundance of Com-
pliments to him, and tells him, that his very Life!
is at his Service, and that he governs and rulej
wholly to do him a Kindnefs : and always gives
him the upper Hand. So alfo when any AmbalTa-
dors are fent from the Emperour of China^ theyl
will deliver their Meflage to none but the Boua^ and
have their Audience of him. Yet after all this
Pageantry, the Boua has only a few Servants to at-l
tend him, none, of the Mandarins make their CourJ
to him, nor is he allowed any Guards : All ihel
Magiftracy and Soldiery, Treafure, and the order-l
ing of all Matters of Peace or War, are entirely atl
the Choua*s difpofal ; all Preferment is from hirrj
and the very Servants who attend the Boua^ arcj
fuch only as the Choua places about him. Befidesl
thefe Servants, none are ever fuffered to fee thcl
Boua^ much lefs Strangers : So that I could leaml
nothing as to his Perfon. But as to the Choua, ll
have been informed that he is an angry, ill-naturedj
leprous Perfon. He lives in the fecond PalaceJ
where he has ten or twelve Wives •, but what!
Children I know not. He governs with abfolutd
Authority over the Subjects, and witii great Ty|
ranny : for their Lives, Goods, and Eftates aread
his Conmand. The Province of Tenehoa is faidtol
have belonged properly to his Anceftors, who werd
great Maiid.irins before the Ufurpation. So thatliel
now feems to have a particular value for it, anii

kcefS!

The Horfes, Elephants^ and Artillery. 69

ceps his Treafure there, which by report, is v try An. 168s
great. This Treafure is buried in great Cifterns full "'^'^'^
ofWater, made purpofely for that ufe : and to fe-
tureit, he keeps a great many Soldiers there ; and
bmmits the charge, both of them and the Treafure,
to the Governour of the Province, who is one of his
principal Eunuchs.
The Cboua has always a ftrong Guard of Sol '"ers
about his Palace, and many large Stables for his
lorfes and Elephants. The Horfes are about 13
nr 14 Hands high, and are kept very fat : there are
or 300 of them. The Elephants are kept in long
bbles by themfelves, each having a peculiar Room
^r Partition, with a Keeper to drefs and feed him.
The number of the King's Elephants are about 150
|>r 200. They are watered and waflied every day
I the River.

Some of the Elephants are very gentle and go-
[ernable, others are more indocil and unruly.
ta thefe rude ones are to pafs through the
Etreets, though only to be watered, the Rider or
JrefTer orders a Gong or Drum to be beaten before
Jiim, to warn People that an unruly Elephant is
[cming ; and they prefently clear the Streets and
live a paflage for the Bead •, who will do Mifchief
any that are In the way, and their Riders or
[eepers cannot reftrain him.
Before the Choua\ Palace, there is a large Parade,
lirfquare place for the Soldiers to be drawn up.
\ one fide there is a place for the Mandarins to fit,
tid fee the Soldiers* cxercifc, on the other fide
\txt is a Shed, wherein all the Cannon and heavy
Junsare lodged. There be 50 or 60 Iron Guns
fom Falcon to Demy-Culverin, 2 or 3 whole Cul-
[erin or Demi-Cannon, and fome old Iron Mortars
[% on Logs. The Guns are mounted on their
prriages, but the Carriages of thefe Guns are old
ind very ill mad?. There is one great Brafs Gun,

F 3 much

H ! Ml

^t'- r

■f ■ ■

5- ,

\ '

.i'

,i i|

1 I

,1 i ■

70 The Weapons and Soldiery of Tonquin.

'An. 1688 much bigger than the reft, fuppofcd to be 8 or

fi^^t'^^ 9000 pound weight. It is of a taper bore i of a

foot diameter at the Mouth, but much fmallcrar

the Britch. It is an ill-fhaped thing, yet much e.

ftcemed by them, probably bccaufe it was call here,

and the biggeft that ever they made. It was call

about 12 or 13 Years ago, and it being fo heavy,

they could not contrive to mount it, but were be-l

holding to the Englijh^ to put it into the Carriage;!

where it now (lands more for a fhow then fcrvice

But though this is but an ordinary piece of Woiv

manfhip, yet the Tonquinefc underftand how to niJ

Metals, and are very expert in tempering the Earth

wherewith they make their Mould.

Thefe are all the great Guns, that I faw or hcan
of in this Kingdom, neither are here any Fort
yet the King keeps always a great many Soldiers,
'Tis faid that he has always 70 or 80000 conftant
ly in pay. Thefe are m'oll Foot, they are arm'i
with Curtrins or Swords, and Hand-Guns of 3 foi
and an half or 4 foot in the Barrel. The Bore is z-
bout the bignefs of our Horfe Piftols, they are ail
Match-locks, and they are very thick and heavy|
The Soldiers do all make their own Powder. Tiic
have little Engines for mixing the Ingredients, an
make as fmall a Quantity as they pleafe. The
know not how to corn it, and therefore it is in uii]
equal lumps, fome as big as the top of a Man
Thumb, and fonie no bigger than a white Pea: nei|
ther have I feen any Powder well corn'd, that j-i
been made in any of thefe Eaflern Nations.

The Soldiers have each a Cartage Box covcrci
with Leather, after the manner of the JVcJhlnS.i
Privateers : but inflead of Paper Cartages, tiie
are filled with fmall hollow Canes, each contviining,
load or charge of Powder •, wnich they empty oi
of the Cane into the Gun ; fo that each Box has in
as it were, fo many Bandileers, Their Arms a

III

Good Eaters good Soldiers,' 71

kept very bright and clean : for which purpofe e-^»' "688.
very one of them has a hollow Bambo to lay over *^V^
|[he Barrel of his Gun ; and to keep the Dull: from it
it lies over the wrack in his Houfe. When they
Lrch alio in rainy Weather, they have another
Bambo to cover their Guns. This is large encugh
10 cover the whole B.irrel, and very well lackerM ;
Bo that it is not only handfome, but alfo preferves
ItheGun dry.

The Soldiers when they march are led by an

lOfficer, who is I >eader of the File ; and every File

Icon fills of 10 Men : but as I have been informed

[by one who has feen them march, they don't keep

[their Ranks in marching. The Soldiers are moit

of them lufty ftrong well-made Men: for 'tis that

chiefly recommends them to the King's Service.

iThey niuft alfo have good Stomachs, for that is a

[greater recommendation than the former ; neither

can any Man be cntertain'd as a Soldier, that has

Inot a greater itroke than ordinary at eating : for

[by this ihcy judge of his Strength and Conltitution.

[For which Realon, wl^n a Soldier comes to be lift:

ed, his Stomach is firfl: proved with Rice, the com-

[mon Subfillcnce of the ordinary People in this King-

j(!om : and according as he acquits himfelf in this

jfirftTryal of his Manhood, fo he is either ^ifcharg-

Inl or entertained in the Service. 'Tis reported, that

lar thefe Tryals they commonly eat 8 or 9 Cups of

iKice, each containing a pint, and they are ever af-

Iterwards efteemed and advanced, according to the

rirft Day's Service : and the gre.itcft eaters are chiefiy

employed as Guards to the King, and commonly

attend on his Perfon. Hie Province of Ngean breeds

K'.e luflicft Men, and the bcft eaters ; for that rea-

jion thole of that Province are generally imployed

-5 Soldiers. After 30 Years Service a .Soldier m.iy

|i cution to be difl:)anded \ and then the Village where

F 4 he

f il

if !

"':;■!'

^^H

\i:

\ ■ \

tfi

72 The Exercifes of the Soldiery,

'An. 688. he was born mufl fend another Man to ferve in ru
^y^V^ room.

T\x\ Horfrmen are but few, and armed with
Bows, and long Spears or I ancesjike the Tl/ocrj and I
"Tiirh. Both thefe and the Foot Soldiers are very'
dexterous in ufing their Weapons, and flioot veryi
well either witli Gun or Bow •, for they are often ex-l
ercifed by fhooting at Marks. The King orders a
/hooting Match once a Year, and rewards thebeftl
Marks-man with a fine Coat, or about 1000 G/,|
ns 'tis called, which is a Summ about the value of|
;i Dollar. The Mark is a white earthen Cup, pla-
ced ajijainO: a Bank. The diftance they (land to fird
At it is about 80 Yards. He who breaks the firft
Cup has the fincfV Coat •, for there arc others alio
of Icfs worth and finery for the reft, that have thcl
good Fortune to break the other Cups, or Cajh inl
1k:u of them. This is all at the King's Charge, who!
incourages this exercife very much, as a means tol
n^ike tlicm good Marks-men •, and they gencrallyl
])rove fuch. They will load and fire the quickeftl
of any People. They draw the Kammer at on!]
Motion, and pouring down tlie Powcer and Bull'r,
they ram all down at one Motion more. Then ihfyl
withdraw the Rr.mrner, and put it into its place at i]
Motions more. All the 4 Motions are performed
very dcxreroufly and quick : and when they flioouri
•A Mark, they level, and fire at firfl. Sight, yet vcry|
fuccefsfully.

Though the King of Tonquin has no Forts, ycthd
keeps always a great many Soldiers on »'he rrontictj
Towns ot his Kmgdom •, efpecially on the S. ^Vj
p;irt thereof, to check the Cochinchuiefc^ his imphj
cable f^ncmics : and though there feldom happens
pitch'd Battle betwctp them, yet there are often
Skirmifiiings, which ke:^p the Soldiers on each Ticid
upon their Gu^'.rds ; and fometime there are confij
dcrat'c .K^tcurfions made by one or other Party'

il •!

.'I

t ■

Long Guns jor the Field, 7j

itheEncmicsTcrritorics, where they kill, fpoil, and>*». i68S-
tng away what Booty they can find. I'hc King njfo ^^^"VXi
, always about 30000 near his Perfon, and quar-
[r'd in or about Cachao, ready on all Occafions.
Jhedry Seafon is the time for his Armies to take
fe Field, or go againlt an Enemy : for in thefc
Duntries there is no marching in the Wet Seafon.
^'hen he fends an Army by Land on any Expcdici-
thc General, and other great Officers are.
Iiountcd on I-Mcphants. Thefe have neat lirtle
oarded Houfes or Caftles faflncd on their hacks,
[here the great Men fit in State, fccur'd from the
tjn or Rain. They have no Field-pieces in their-
irmies, but inftead thereof they carry on Mens
|icks Guns that will carry a four ounce Shot. The
arrels of thefe Gims are about 6 or 7 foot long :
lut thcuph one I/Ian carries one of them on his
pck, yet he cannot hold it out to fire, like fmall
jns, but reds it on irs Carriage, which is another
fan's Burden, and they two manage it between
hem. The Carriage is only a round piece of
Jood^ about 4 Inches thick, and 6 or 7 foot long.
)ne end of the Carriage is fupported with two
[.fg% or a Fork of tliree Foot high, the other
tils on the Ground. The Gun is placed on the top,
there there is an Iron Socket for the Gun to reft in,
jnJ a Swivel to turn the Muzzel any way. From
ihe Britch of the Gun there is a fhurt ftoi.k for the
Man who fires the Gun to traverfe ic withal, and to
pit againft his Shouk'er. The ufe of theie Guns
to clear a Pafs, or 10 fire over the Rivers, when
k Lnemy is fo commodioufly placed, that there . »
b other way to move him ■, and ihey arc carry'd
ly thefe two Men almoft with as much cafe as Muf-
ierq. In thefe Tand-FxpeditJons they carry but
Me Baggage, befides th.cir neceffary Arms, Am-
nunition, and Provender : fo that if tlicy arc
fo'jLed they lightly fcamper away v and generally

' !l.

ri-

.1,

1 1

•■J

74-

Frontier Guards. Naval Force.

1 til

^i». 1688. in thrfe Countries the Difpute is foon over, foj
^y>r\^ they will not long fuftain a fmart Onfct.

Befides the Soldiers on the Frontiers, and thohj
who attend the King about Cacbao^ he has manjl
ot;hcrs that keep Guards in fevcral parts of his King.
dom, efpecially in the great Roads, and on the Hi-
vers. Thcfe fearch all exported Goods, to fee thatl
no prohibited Goods are lent out of th^i King-lomJ
efpecially Arms : and no prohibited Go^.ds broughil
in. They alfo look after the Cuftoms, and fee ihaij
all Goods have paid, before they may pafs furtherJ
All Travelleri> ^re alfo fearchM by them, and flria.|
ly examined ; and if any Pcrlons arc taken only
Sufpicion, they are ufed very fevercly, till they canl
clear themfelves : fo that no difaffedcd or rJ
bcllious Perfon can llir, without being preffntiji
known -, and this renders the King very fafc in liisl
Government.

The King's Naval-force confifts only in a fort of]
flat-bottom Gallics, and ihefe feemingly defi^nel
more for State than Service, except to rraniporij
Soldiers from one Place to another. Thefe Vcffcisf
are 50, 60, or 70 foot long, and about 10 or
foot broad in the wafle -, and the 2 ends near d
many foot high out of the Water, efpecially tr,:|
hinder part or Stern : but the wafte or middle ol ti;
Vcdel is not above 2 foot and an half from tin: ^Vi
ter, that being the place, by v/hich all the Men <^i
in and out, from thence towards each end, it
gently and very artificially raifed to a confideiab';!l
heighth, fo that the whole Fabrick appear:, vcryj
graceful and pleafant, as it moves on the Water!
The Head or forepart is not altogether fo higl\ 'I
the Stern, neither is there fo much cofl beftovvecloj
it for Ornament : for though it wants neither carv'ui
work or painting, yet 'tis not conifnirable to t.uil
of the Stern, which has great variety of carvmgJ
and is curioufly lacker'd and gilded. The Pi'

V.;;

W^TonquIncfc Shipping and Rowers. j$

yhcrc the Captain fits in is the Stern, and is neatly ^n, i68f.
lovered to keep off the Sun or the Rain, and it be- ^"^^Wl
[ig higher than any other part of the Vcflel, ap-
)(ars like a little Throne, efpccially that of the
Jenerars Galley, This is more magnificent than
[he reft, tho* all are built much of one form. From
Ihc Stern to the wade, it is covered over with a
light covering, to flicker the Men and their Arms
from the Rain in the wet Seafon, and the fcorching
5un in the dry. Before the wafte there arc places
for the Oars on each fide, and a plain even Deck
for the Rowers to Hand by their Tackling. Each
Galley carries a fmail Brafs Gun, either Minion or
Saker, which is planted afore, and looks out through
Fort in the Bow, They have a fmail Mall and
yiatt Sail, and they are rowed with from i6 or 20
to 24 Oars.

The Soldiers are always the Men that row, ^nd
jthcy are all naked, except that they have a i ir;nw
piece of black Cloath like a Safh about their Waftes,
vhich is brought between their Thighs, and tuckt
jain under their Wafte. Every one ftands upright
ehind his Oar, which lies in its notch on the Gun-
bl, and he thrufts or puflies it forward with a great
srrcngth ; and they plunge their Oars all at one
|in(tant into the Water, keeping exadt Time with
ich other : and that they may the better do this,
[there is one that ftrikes on a fmail Gong, or a
[wooden Inftrument, before every ftroke of the
lOar. Then the Rowers all at once anfwer with a
[fort of a hollow noife, through the 1 hroat, and a
jllamp on the Deck with one Foot, and immediate-
lly plunge their Oars into the Water. Thus the
Gong and the Rowers alternately anfwer each other,
making a found that feems very pleafant and war-
like to thofe who are at a fmail diftancc on the
Water or Shoar.

( '■

:{,

Thcfe

1 I'

j€' The Armament for the G allies.

An. 1688. Thefc Boats draw about 2 foot and a half Water,
^^^V>JThey are only ferviceable in Rivers, or at Sea near I
the Shoar, and that in very fair Weather too. They
are beft in the broad Rivers near the Sea, where
they may take the Advantage of the Tide:, to help
them : for though they row pretty fwift when they
are light, yet when they have 60, 80, or 100 Men
on a Board, as fometimcs they have, they are|
heavy and row flowly againft the Stream. Never-
rhclefs when there is occafion they muft go againfl
the Stream a great way, tho* they perform it \vi:!ii
great labour.

The Soldiers in thefe Veflcis are equipt with I
Bows, Swords, and Lances, and when many of
them are fent on any Expedition, they are divided
into Squadrons. They are diftinguifhed by thei:
feveral Flags of different Colours \ as appeared by
an Expedition they made up the River, againit
fome of their Northern Neighbours, while we were!
there. There were then about 60 of thefe Galleysl
fent out up the River •, and they had from 16 to io
Soldiers in each, all well armed. Their General wad
called Ungee Comei, who was a great Mandarin^ and
was the Perfon appointed by the King to infpo^l: in-
to our Englijh Traffick •, being made Diredor or!
Protector of the Englijh Factory, who uf^d to fpe:k
of him as a generous Man. There were two more|
great Officers under him, each in a VelTel by him-
ftlf. Thefe three had Flags of DiflindVion : tnel
firft was yellow, the fecond blue, the third red or
green. They went away from Cacbao towards
the Mountains, but did not return while wc wer'
there : but rinw;e we came from thence, I havel
been informed that the Expedition prov'd fruidefu
and that the General Ungee Comei v/as much fl'l
graced.

Whn

.V 11 !ir

iratch and Ward kept by the Soldiers, 77

When the Galleys are not in Service, they are-<'^>^-
Jragged alliorc, and placed in Houfes built for
bi purpofe i where they are fct Ujpright on
their bottoms, made vtry clean, and kept neat
y tlry. Thefe Galley -Houfes are 50 or 60 pa-
ts from the River fide > and when they bring the
Jilleys into them, there is a flrong Rope brought
round the ftern of the VeflTel, and both ends
latched along, one on each fide : then 3 or 400
Itn ftanding ready with the Rope In their Hands,
Irak for the fignal •, which being given by the
eat of a Gonu,, they begin to draw with all their
lirength •, and making a great fhrieking noife,
ky run her up in a trice into her place. This
llfo is their Soldiers work, who having thus
loufed all their Galleys,^ Ktuni to their Land-

ervice.

Some of the Soldiers are employed alfo in keep-
ng Watch and Ward, for the Security of private
l^len, as well as in the King's Bufinefs : and the
tan/iuiriefe arc oK'erN 1 to keep good orders in the
fight in all Towns and Villages : but more parti-

jlady in the great Cities, and efpecially at Cachao,

There every Street is guarded with a flrong Watch,

well to keep Silence, as to hinder any diforder.

The Watch-men are armed with Staves, and ftand
the Street by the Watch-Houfes, to examine e-
[ery one that paflcth by. There is alfo a Rope

pu hcd crois the Street Breaft hig!., and no Man

nay pafs this place till he is examined, unlefs he

S^ill venture to be foundly bang'd by the Watch.

thefe Men can handle their Weapons fo well, that
theydefign Mifchief, they will dextroufly break
Leg or Thigh-bone, that being the place which
sy commonly llrike at. There is a pair of Stocks

fy every Watch-Houfe, to Iccure Night Ramblers
but for a fmall piece of Money a Man may

fals quiet enough, and for the moft part only the

poor

^ I'

% ! 1

'W,

i 'I

(If

?• 'Juftice corrupt, yet fometimes pleafant,

A: t688.poor are taken up. Thefc Watch- men are Soldier
'"'"*^ but belong to t!ie Gove incur or fome other Mi
of great Power, wlio will hear no Complaints again
them, though never fo juO"ly made : and thcrefon
they often put Men in the Sioci^: at their plealurt,
and in the Morning carry them before a Magiflrat:
who commonly fines the Priloners to pay fomcwhi;
and be it more or Icfs, it fills part to the Magi
Urate. Neither dares any Man complain of Injui
tice upon fuch ufage, in this cafe cfpecially •, thoug!
his Caufe be never fo juft : and therefore Patience i
in this Country as neceflary for poor People,
any part of the World.

But notwithftanding thefe Abuft-s, they have od
Cuftom in the adminiftring Juflicc that is pleaflni
enough. For if a dfference or quarrel at any Tb
happens between two mean Men, and they are no
to be reconciled without going before a Ma[ *^rate
he ufually confidering their Poverty, lays no heav
Muld on the Offender, but enjoins him this as h
Penalty, that he fhall treat the injured Perfon v/ith
Jarr of Arack and a Fowl, or a fmall Porker, tb
fo feafting together, they may both drown all A
nimofity in good Liquor, and renew their Friend
fhip.

But if it be a Controverfy about a Debt, they taki
a very different Method. For the Debtors are man]
times order'd to be Prifoners in their Creditor's Ho:
fes, where they are beaten, or kept with a Log oi
Wood made faft to their Legs, to hinder theni fro
running away. Thefe poor Prifoners eat nothing bui
Rice, and drink Water, and are tyrannically infulted
over by their rigid Creditors, till the Debt is fatisfied
Their Corporal Punifhments upon Malefadlors, an^
fometimes upon others are very fevere. Some ar
ioaden with Iron Chains faflened to their Legs, wit
Logs alfo like the Debtors but now mentioned.

ihers have their Necks inclofed between two gr"

heavfl

') w

ill

}'■

■'^ratcj

lis as h'ls
)n v/ithi
ker, tkJ
all AJ

Friend]

hey tak
ire manj'l
•'sHoj
Logo]
em tron
hing boj
infuke'
fatisfied
ors, ana
ome ar^
5s, witll
ned. Oj
area
heav)

Tunifhmcnt for Criminals. 79

licivy Plinhs m.idc like a Pillory, but moveable, ^'»- *^*^'
3r they carry it about with them where-evcr they ^•^'^^^'^^
j-o, and even when they go to reft they are forced
folye down and fleep in it as they can.

There is another fort of punifhing Inftrumcnt noc
unlike this, called a Gofigo, This alfo is made to
vear about the Neck, but is (liapcd like a Ladder.
:he fides of it are 2 large Bamboes, of about 10
Br 12 f^ot long, with feveral fuch rounds or fticka
15 Ladders have to keep the fides alunder •, but
lufh fhorter : for the 2 fide Bamboes arc no far-
ther afunder, than to admit of a narrow Room for
ihc Neck •, and the 2 rounds in the middle are much
It the fame diftance from each other, on each fide
^heNeck, forming a little Square : through which
^hcMan looks as if he were carrying a Ladder on
his Shoulders, wich his Head through the rounds. If
;ither of thefe Yokes were to be taken off in aihort
^ime, as in 6, 9, or 12 Hours, it would be nogreac

latter : but to wear one of them a Month, 2, 3,
Dr longer, as I have been informed they fometimes
io, fccms to be a very fevere Punifhmenr. Yet *tis
Jfome Comfort to fome, that they have the Liberty
jto walk abroad where they will : but others are
[both yoak'd and imprifon*d : and the Prifoners in
[publick Prifons are ufed worfe than a Man would
lufc a Dog, they being half ftarved, and foundly

Deaten to boot.

They have a particular Punifhment for fuch as
lare fufpefled to fire Houfes, or who are thought to
Ihave occafioned the Fire through their negledt. The
iMafter of the Houfe, where the Fire firft breaks out,
luill hardly clear himfelf from Sufpicion, and theSc-
Iverity of the Law. The Punilhment in this Cafe is
ho fit in a Chair of 12 or 14 foot high, bare-headed

3 whole Days fucceffively in the hot icorching Sun i

this Chair is fet, for his greater difgracc, before thft
[place where his Haufe itood.

Other

|!( I

f. ,

\ '

■\^i

I -.ji

vi- \

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

J^.^A

*iL /^.^

1.0

1.1

1.25

|S0 ^^* ■■■

^ ^ 121

u lii

^ ll£ 12.0

U 116

Photographic

Sdaices
Corporation

■6^

^^^

23 WIST MAIN STMfT

WnSTiR.N.Y. M5M

(716)I73-4S03

Tunijhments Jor fever al Crimes,

I i'

.An.\6%%. Other fmaller Crimes are punifhed with Blows J
^"^'V^^ which we call Bambooing. The Criminal is laidl
flat on his Belly on the Ground, with his Breechcjl
pluciit down over his Hams ; in which Pofturc J
Jufty Fellow bangs his bare Breech with a fplit BamJ
bo, about 4 Fingers broad, and 5 foot long. ThJ
number of his Blows are more or lefs, according tol
the nature of the Crime, or the pleafure of the MaJ
giftrate i yet Money will buy Favour of the Exccul
tioner, who knows how to moderate his Strokes fori
a Fee before-hand. Otherwife his Blows ufually fall fo|
heavy, that the poor Offender may be lamed aMonih
or two. After a Man has fuffered any of thefe Pu-
c nilhmenrs, he can never obtain any publick Favcurj
or Employment.

They have no Courts of Judicature, but any fin-
gle Magiftrate iflues out his Warrants for the ap-
prehending of Malefactors, and upon taking theral
immediately tries them : and as the Sentence is final,!
and without appeal, fo 'tis no fooner pad, but 'djl
executed alfo without more ado. Their PunifhmentI
in capital Crimes is ufually beheading. The Crimi-
nal is carried immediately from the Maglftrate'jl
Houfe to his own : for there is no common place ofl
Execution, but the Malefactor fuffers near his ownl
Houfe, or where the Fadt was committed. There
he is placed fitting on the Ground, with his Body]
upright, and his Legs ftretched out : and the Exe-
cutioner being provided with a large Curtane ori
Back-Sword, and flriking a full back Blow on thel
Neck, at one ftroke he fevers the Head from thel
Body i the Head commonlv tumbling down into the
Owner's Lap, and the Trunt falling backward on thej
Ground.

'Theft is not thought worthy of Death, but isl
punilhed with cutting off fome Member, or partj
of a Member, according to the degree of the Of-
fence. For fometimes only one Joint of a Fingerl

'\\ 't

The Eunuch Mandarins at Tonquin. Si

chopt off, for other Crimes a whole Finger, or ^». 1688.

nore, and for fome the whole Hand.

The Magiftrates and other great Men of this

lin^dom are called Mandarin^. Melt of them in

)f)ice about the King arc Hunuchs, and not only

Ided, but alfo their Members cut off quite

at to their Bellies. Thefe, as I have been inform-

J, are all very learned Men after their way, efpe-

illy in the Laws of the Country. They rife gra-

iially by their Merit or Favour, from one Degree

another, as well they who are employed in Civil

in Military A flairs : And fcarce Place of Truft

Profit goes befide them. No Man is permitted

walk familiarly about the King*s Palace withouc

le Leave of the Eunuch Mandarins ; and for this

cafon having fuch free Accefs to the King them-

|ives, and excluding whom they will, they engrofs

Favour. This is taken fo much to Heart by

le, that through Envy and Difcontent, they of-

pine away, as is commonly faid, even to Death :

nd I heard of luch an one, who was called Ungef

^un Ding : Unguee feems a Title of Honour a-

ong them. He was a Man of great Learning in

Laws, extremely Politick, and mighty high

lirited. This Man fought all the means imagina-

10 be preferred, but could not for want of being

j Eunuch. He fretted to fee his Inferiours raifed :

|t plainly feeing that there was no riling without

noving that Objedion, he one Day in a Rage

ok up a (harp Knife, andqualify'd himfelf effeftu-

He had a Wife and 6 or 8 Children, who

[re all in great Fear of his Life : but he was not

all difmayed, tho* in that Condition; and the

ng advanced him. He was living when I was

jfre, andiwas a great Mandarin. He had the care

the Armory and Artillery, being great Mafter

[the King's Ordnance.

There

' v,-i-

F »h

*•]

!. I'

.Uli'

9t )

W f

9i VoUmtary Cajlrating thro Ambit m.

An. 1688. There was another Mandarin alfo, one Unit\
^^'V^ J lane, who finding himfelf baffled by the Eunuchsj
was forced to make himfelf one to be upon ih;
level v/ith them. This Gentleman, it feems, wa
l,ord of a Village or two, where both he
his Tenants were often plagued with t-he domineer]
ing Eunuchs, and having born their Malice iol
fome time, and feeing no end of it, he agrccJ
with an expert Gelder to caftratc him : For her]
are many in this Country, who profefs this ArtI
and are fo expert at it, that they will undertak)
to cut a Man of any Age, for fo many thoufan
Caih as the Man is Years old. *Tis reported, ih^
they firft put the Patient into a Sleep : But hoi^
long they arc curing him after the Operation isi
ver, I know not. I heard of but three Manmi
of any grandeur in the Government, who were no
Eunuchs. One was the Governour of the h
Province, whofe Daughter was married to a Prina
of the Royal Family. The other two, who weii
Governours of Cachao, were alfo married MeJ
and had Children, and one of thefc married [hi
King*5 Daughter. All the Mandarins rule with ablcj
lute Power and Authority in their feveral Precincb
yet in great Obedience to the King ; who is as abl«|
lute over them, as they are over the comma
People.

Tnefe Eunuch Mandarins efpecially live in gr
State. Many of thefe have command of the
diery, and have Guards attending them at tli
own Houfcs : There being a certain number of "
diers allowed to attend on each Mandarin^ accon
ing to his Quality. They are generally covetoj
beyond meafure, and very malicious. Some
them arc Governours of Provinces, but all
railed to Places of truft and profit.

Once every Year the Mandarins receive an
of Allegiance to the King, from all the princip

Oiiicd

ker, and 'tis

';)

agree

: in grc

the

at tti

brof
, accc
covctol
Some
t all

anO^

princip

OiRcfl

T'riah by bitter Water in Guinea. 8j

)ificcrs under them. This is done with great ^»' i688.

[;ercmony : they cut the Throat of a Hen, and

let the Blood tall into a Bafon of Arack. Of this

irack every Man has a fmall draught given him to

drink, after he has pubiickly declared his fincerity

U readincfs to ferve his Prince. *Tis cfteemed the

folemncft tye by which any Man can ingage himfelf.

This way of giving folemn potions to drink, is ufed

Jib in other Countries, on difi^erent occafions. As

articularly on the Gold Coaji of Guinea -, where

ffhcn Men or Women are taxed for a Crime, be

|t of what Nature it will, but efpccially Adultery,

nd the matter cannot be proved by Evidence,

|he Fetijfero or Prieft decides the difference, by

Jiving a potion of bitter "Water to the Perfon ac-

fufed : which if they refufc to take, they are fup-

bofed to be guilty without farther proof: but if

hey drink it otf, the event is faid to be, that if the

Perfons be guilty, this Water immediately fwells

heir bodies till they burft ; but if innocent, they

re not hurt thereby. What tricks the Fetijfero's

uj play in compounding this Water, I know not :

but this kind of Tryal is frequent among them, and

cems to be a remainder of the old Jewi/h Tryal

h the Waters of jealoufy, fpoken of in the 5th

ihapter of 'Numbers. I am not fufficiently informed

»fbether the Event of the Tryal be fuch as it was

long the Jews ; but it feems they have a ftrong
jerfwafion of it : and a guilty Perfon does ordinarily

dread the being brought to this Trial, that for
lie moft part he or Ihe choofe rather to fuffer the
bunilhment of rhe Coiintry, which is to be fold to
Europeans as Slaves. This potion is called Bitter-
[^ater, and 'tis given by way of Trial upon any

jht fufpicion even of a fmall injury. This account
[have had from fever al who have been in Guinea^
[ut efpecially from Mr. Canh'j

But to return to the Eunuch Mandarins^ tho* they
[re bitter Enemies to thofe whom they take

G 2 averfion

i}i 1

■ ^*;f'

i.i^J

^'1

: l|

' I' K^

i ' 1' 1

1 i 'i' !i

\ ■■

li '

■'■ ii

■ ■!■■

'f-

(

■1 <

^4 Chopfticks to eat with in Tonquin and China.

Jn i688 averfion againft, yet on the other Hand, they arj
as kind to their Favourites, and as complacent J
their Vificancs, whether Foreigners or otheni
fealling chciti often. I'hey Jove mi^iitily to
vifitcd , cllecming themlclves highly honoi"
thereby. When they treat any, they are hd
pleafed with thole who eac and drink heartily]
tor this tiiey fuppofe proceeds from their Lovj
and hearty Aliedlion to them : And indeed the 7iJ
quinctT) m general -are very free to their VifitantsT
treating them with the bell Cheer they are ablet^
procure.

In their Entertainments, and at their ordinarJ
Eating, initead of Forks and Spoons, they ufe twj
fmall round Sticks about the Length and Bignefsi
a Tobacco Pipe. They hold them both in th
right Hand, one between the Fore-Finger ana
Thumb i the other between the Middle-Finger anij
tlie Fore-Finger, as our Boys do their Snapper
They ufe them /cry dextroufly , taking up tlJ
fmalleft Grain of Rice with them i nor is it accounti
ed mannerly to touch the Food after it is drcllj
with their Hands: And tho* it be difficult for Stranl
gers to ufe them, being unaccu(lom*d to them, ya
a little ufe will overcome that Difficulty i and Peij
fons that refide here ought to learn this, as wel|
as other Cuftoms of the Country, that are inno
cent, that fo their Company may be more accepij
able. All the Tonquinejes keep many of thefe Stic
in their Houfes, as well for their own ufe, astj
entertain Strangers at Meals : They are as ordin
rily placed at the Table here, as Knives, Forks|
and Spoons are in England: And a Man that canno
dextroufly handle thefe Inftruments, makes but
odd Figure at their Tables. The richer Sort
People, efpecially the Mandarins, have them ip
with Silver. In China alfo thefe things are con
ftantly ufed : tliey are called by the Englifi Seij

nifl

funt'onnefs & bafenefs of ihe Eun. Mandarins. S 5

imChopHirb, When the Eunuch Mandarins dye,^». 1688-
I their Riches fall to the King, who as Heir pre-
ntly fcizeth on tlieir Eftates, and by it gets vaft
ichcs : For there is but little Money in the King-
,)m, but what falls into tlie Clutches of thefe
!irds of Prey. This probably may be one Reafon
hy the King is for preferring none but them i for
hey are excellent Spunges for him : and whatever
bme have faid of their Love io JufVice, I could
lever learn that they defcrve that Charader: But
hroiigh their OpprefTion, and injurious Dealings,
ading is difcouragcd, and the Country is kept
'nor, which otherwife might be a flourifhing King-
om. After all, as very Eunuchs as thefe Afau-
hrins are, yet they are as great Admirers of the
>male Sex as any Men, and not fatisficd without
hem, but they all keep feveral handfome young
iVenches to dally and fpend their time withal.
hey alfo love to be courted by Strangers to favour
hem with a Mifs of their procuring. Nothing
iil engage them more than to petition them on
his account ; and the Perfon thus foUicited will
ot fail to procure a young Damfel for his Friend,
'be it but for a Night or two, or for 4 or 5 Months.
lEver afterwards lie will rake a more than ordinary
"are of the Perfons he has thus brought together,
nd their Affairs ; and this bafe fort of Office is
lliere accounted very decent and honourable. Yec
the common Baudy-houfes, tho' extreamly rife here,
are by all of them acgounced hateful and fcanda-
|!ous.

vl^^xU

:3. -4

CHAP.

■■i

i ^

' ■!'

Rice become dear at Cachao.

CHAP. V.

Some Feffels ftnt from Cachao to Tcnan t\
fetch Rice A Rencounter with fome fm
pos'd Robbers. Cafh, a Jort of Coin^ arl
'Pearl- Oyffers. The Authors fecondjourm
up /<? Cachao : Of the Pagoda'j and Funen
Tower and Feafi he met by the way. Thi
French Bifhops and Mifponaries at Hean]
their Houfe, the Authors entertainment thm
and dtfcourfe with one of their T^riefts. Thi
fiate of their Miffiony and of Ghri^ianith «
thefe Idolatrous Countries, His making A
Gun^T*owdcr, He goes on from Hean to Ca
chao, arid after a ^ort flay there ^ back agai
to the Ships. Of the Improvements thui
might be made of our Englilh Factory htm
The Author's departure from Tonquin.

IFIave already fpoken of my firft going up thd
River to Cachao.^ and my returning back again
to our Ships after a few days. There I lay on
board for a great while, and (iekly for the mod
■part ; yet not fo, but that I took a Boat and wenj
afhoar one where or other almoft every day : and
by this means I took as particular notice as I coul(i
of the Country, and have fupplied my own obferj
vations with thofe of our Merchants refidiDf
there, and other Perfons of Judgment, and IntJ

During this interval, Rice being dear at Cam\
as it had been for fome time, both our Merchantsl
and Natives were for making up a Fleet of fmallj

Voyage to Ten an to fttch Rice, 87

ffffls, to fetch Rice from the Neighbouring ^»» » 68^*
•ovinces, both for their own ufe and to lupply the '-^^VV/
irkets : and they never go in finglc Veftels, for
arof Pirates, who infcft the Coaft with their Ca-
ajs, and fheker thcmlelves among feveral little
lands, lying at the edge of the Kaft Province,
id bordering upon the Province of Tenan^ whither
icfc Merchants were bound.

C;ptain IV^lJon w:is one who concerned hinifclf

this expedition, hiring a Vcficl and Seamen cf

• Tofiquifiefi^ and fending fomc of his own Men

ith them as a Guard, among whom I would very

in have gone, had I not been indifpofed. Mr.

MiiforJy who had liv'd fometime at Cachao before

or arrival, was another Undertaker, and went

imfdf on board the Bark he had hired ; but Cap«

in Weldon (laid behind at the City, yet took care

) eet a CommifTion from the Govcrnour of the

alt-Province for his Veflel. In the Commiflion

as expreft, that his Boat fhould be armed with

uns, or other Weapons, and that his Men fliould

fid any that came to oppofe them, or any Vef-

[cls in their Company •, and that they might kill

ind cleftroy any Robbers that they met with,

he PafTage to Teimn lay molt within Land, thro*

reeks and narrow Channels, among the Iflands

fore-mentioned, which are fo many, and lye on

lie Eall-fide of the Bay fo thick together, and fo

ligh the flioar, that at a fmall dillaiice olF at Sea

hey appear to be part of the Main. This little

'\hipelagn lies witiiin the prccin^ls of the Govern-

ur of the Eafl-Province, from whom Captain

Vddon had his Commifiion, and who was a very

reat Man in the Court' of I'onquin. When the

leet came to this pL^ce, fome who lay here

ame forth ; and they concluded they mud be the

Vatcs, come to feize their Prey as at other times.

Thefc always choofe ratlier to take the outward-

G 4 bound

i'ft

' '■

. »^ '

••iW-i"

llll ?.

■ ■-U'$ ■\

SS A Rencounter with fome ftippos'd Tirata\

jn. 1688. bound Veflels, bccaufc then they havt all of then
W^ Caih or Money aboard lo purchafe their Ladingsj
but in their Returns they would have only Hic
which thefc People do not fo much regard
At this time Captain IlVuhn's Dutch Pilot, tlj
cliicf Man whom he fent in his Bark, was aboarj
Mr, Ln.ifor:^ : And when the fiippofed Pirate
came up, Mr. Lutlford and he made the Sciimti
row the Bark to meet them, and in a fliort tin
got fo near, that they fired at them. Thefc MeJ
not cxpecling to have met fuch a Reception, forthJ
Tonqiiuitfe have no Guns, but in the King's Galliesl
thought ro (\\c. themfclves by Flight : but werj
fo eagerly purfued by Mr. Ludfurd^ that at lilf
they yielded to his Mercy, after they had loft or.i
Man in P'ight. lie, joyful of this Succefs, fecurei
the Prifoners, and made the bed of his Courfe tothj
next Town on the Coaft in his way ; there deliver]
ing up his Prifoners to the Magiftrates, and gil
ving a full Relation of the Adion He expcctd
a Reward for his Pains, or at leaft to be highly ap|
plauded for it •, but found himfelf miftaken. loj
the Prifoners obflinatcly denying v;hat was all
ledged againft them by Mr. Ludford, faying Vxi
were poor Fifliermen, they were inimcdiatcly ac|
quitted ar> very honed Perfons, and Mr. Ltit'M
was accufed for committing a Riot on Men vIiJ
were about their lawful Occafions. Mr, Ludfori
brought many of the Natives, that were in hil
Company, to juftify what he had done, but ta
no Purpofe •, for he was fined 100000 Ca/hy asouil
Merchants call it, for the Man that was killedl
Cajh are a fmall kind of Copper-Money : and 'tist'J
only Coin they have of their own, if it be the
own, and not rather brought them from Cfe
They rife and fall in value according to the Wacij
or Plenty of them, or as the Women-exchangerj
can manage them : But at this Time they were:

TearlOyfiers, and ? earls, «9

ticR.itc of .1 Dnlhir a thoufand •, I'o that his Fine if*. ifiBa-
^13 100 Dollars. When Mr. Liulfoni law how^-OTSi
ifd ic vv.ii> like to go with him, he thought to
tiear hiniiclf, or lefiVn his fine, by bringing Cap-
lin IVcluin into the Snare i iaying that he had no
}jns in his Bark, but made ulc of Captain //'(fA/'JwVs,
InJ di.it Captain Wcic\on\ Pilot was aboard his VcT-
and arfilted in the Action. But neither did
his help him : for upon trying the matter at CndhWj
ihitlicr 'twas carried by Appeal, Captain ff^eUon^s
LommilHon faved him : lb ihat Mr. Ludjoni was
|orccci to pay the Money, which was more than he
got by the Voyage. This might be a warning to
him, how he meddled with Tonquin Pirates again ;
lor it was not enough for him to plead that they
time with an Intent to rob him. Indeed if he had
been robb'd, he might have been pitied by the Ma-
jillraies on Complaint of his Misfortune : But yet
is very probable, that if he fhould have taken
lihcm in the very Fa(5l, pofieft of his Goods, thofc
Vermin would have had one Hole or another to
trecp out at i fo corrupt are the great Men of this
dngdom. And indeed *tis not improbable that
tlicfc Fellows were FiiTiermen, and going about
Itheir Bufinefs : For theie is good Fifhing in all the
Bay of Toriquin clear round it, and there are many
Boats that go out a Fifhing, and the Fifhermcn are
generally very honefb and harmlefs Menj except
now and then, they attempt to make a Prize of fome
poor VelTel they meet, and can overcome by their
^ambers without Fighting -, for fuch an one they
)ard, and ttrip all the Men naked even to there
Skin. Among thefe Iflands alfo, by report, their
rj Plenty of Pearl Oyiters, that have good PearU
Jin them ; but the Seamen are difcouraged from filh-
jing for them by the King, for he feizeth on all he
Ifinds. But this by the way -, nor was any thing elfe
)bfervable in this Voyage to 'Temfi.

Thefe

I''' M

i's • I

•!l-

I f."

'r,

' r

90 The Author's fecond Journey up to Cachio.

;-*». i688- Thcfc VffTcIs were 5 or 6 weeks in their Voyag
^OT^ to and from l.'enan : And at their return Captad
Weldon^% Bark went not up to Cftcfnao v/ith tiu* Hx]
but unladed it into our Ship to fupply us. %]
after this I went a fecond time up to Carba\ ^
in a Boat as before, but on Foot along the Co-:
try, being dcfirous to fee as miK h of it as I coulj
and I hired a Tonquinefc for about a Dollar tob?i
Guide. This, tho* but a fmall matter, was a j^nj
deal out of my Pocket, who had not above 2 Doll-
in all, which 1 had gotten on lioard, by tcachii
fome of our young Seamen Plain Sailing.

This was all I had to bear my own charges an
my Guides •, and *twas the worfe with me, beau|
I was forced to make fhort Journeys every Di
by Rcafon of my Weakncfs : It was about t!^
latter end of Nov. 1688, when wc fet out. W
kept on the Eaft-fide of the River, where
found the Roads pretty dry, yet in fome plac^
dirty enough. We ferry'd over feveral Creek
and Brooks running into the great River, whcil
are Ferry-Boats always plying, which have
few Cafti for their Fare. The Fever and Agu
which I brought with me fro m Achin was gonej
yet the Fruits I eat here, efpecially the Imi
Oranges, brought me into a Flux. However thd
I was but weak, yet I was not difcouraged froJ
this Journey, being weary of lying ftill, and impJ
tient of feeing fomewhat that might further gr
tify my curiofity.

We found no Houfes of Entertainment on t!i
Road, yet at every Village we came we got Houf^
room, and a Barbecue of fplit Bambocs to Oc
on. The People were very civil, lending us
earthen Pot to drefs Rice, or any thing ellil
Ufually after Supper, if the Day was not Ihutin,
took a ramble about the Village, to fee what wi
worth taking notice of, efpecially the Fagok

better acc(

Funeral Tower and Feaft, 91

place. Thcfe had the Image of el:! * an An 1988.'

orlc, an Elephant, or both, itanding v ith the y^Y'>J

ad looking out of the Doors: The Paoodas

tmfclves were but fmall and low. I ftiJl made it

jk Night before 1 returned to my Lodging, and

w I laid me down to flecp. My Guide carried

fcSea-Gown, which was my covering in the nigiir,

il my Pillow was a Log ot Wood : But I Ocpc

ry well, tho* tlie weaknefs of my Body did now

quire better accommodation.

[The third day after my fctting out, about 3 a

jock in the afternoon, I faw before me a fmall

lower j fuch as I mentioned before, as eretitcd for

|lime in honour of fome great Pcrfon deceafed.

lit I knew not then the meaning of it, for I

not feen the like before in the Country. As

|came nearer to ir, I faw a Multitude of People,

oft of them Men and Boys ; and coming nearer

II, I faw a great deal of Meat on the Stalls, that

\rt plac*d at a fmall dillance from the Towen

his made me conclude that it was fome great

|irket, and that the Flelh I faw was for fale :

hcrcfore I went in among the Croud, as well to

the Tower as to buy fome of the Meat for

Supper, it being now between 4 and 5 a Clock

the Afternoon. My Guide could not fpeak

!», neither could I fpeak the Tonquinefe Lan-

age : So I askt him no quefVions about it •, and he

went readily in with me ; it may be not

[lowing my intent Was to buy. Firft I went round

Tower and viewed it : It was four-fquare, each

about 8 foot broad : at the Ground the heighth

it was about 26 foot, but at the top fomcwhat

[nower than at the bottom. I faw no door to

pr into it : it feemed to be very (lightly built,

tleafl: covered with thin boards, which were all

yned clofe together, and painted of a dark red -

colour. I then went on to the Stalls, which

had

r ' •

'■I

92 The A. In danger of the Tonquincfc Mah,

\dn. 1688. had Sheds built over them : And there I viewed i,
*'^^'^^ Fruits and Flerti, each of which was ranged n
order apart. I paft by Abundance of Orans
packt up in Balkets, which ! think were th
faireft I ever faw, and for Quantity more thani
had feen gathered all the Time I was at TowjajJ
I paft by thefe, and feeing no other Fruit, I cam
to the Flelh-Stalls, where was nothing but Pork
and this alfo was all cut into Quarters and SidJ
of Pork : I thought there might be fifty or fixrj
Hogs cut up thus, and all feemed to be very goo
Meat. When I faw that there was none of it
fmall pieces, fit for my ule, I, as was cuftomary J
the Markets, took hold of a Quarter, and mad
Signs to the Mafter of it, as I thought, to cuti
a Piece of two or three Pound. I was ignorant
any Ceremony they were about, but the fuperiliil
ous People foon made me fenfible of my Hrrourf
For they afTaulted me on all Sides, buffeting
and renting my Cloaths, and one of them fnatchej
away my Hat. My Guide did all he could
appeafe them, and dragg'd me out of the Crowdl
Y^ fome furly Fellows followed us, and feemif
by their Countenance and Geftures to threatej
me ; but my Guide at laft pacify *d them an
fetched my Hat, and we marched away as faft
we could. I could not be informed of my Guid
what this meant •, but fometime after, when Iwj
return*d to our Ship, the Guide's Brother, wl^
fpoke Englijh^ told me, it was a Funeral Feaft,
that the Tower vas the Tdmb which was to
burned*, and fc t Englijh Men who lived thej
told me the fa ne. This was the only Faneri
Feaft that ever I was at among them, and thj
gave me caufe to remember it : but this was i|
worft Ufage I received from any of them all t|
time that I was in the Country. When I was of
of this trouble, my Guide and I marched ii

wari

The Author's arrival again at Hcan. 9^

ards. I was both weary and hungry, and I^». 1688.

[ink my appetite was raifcd by feeing fo much vyvj

ood : For indeed at firlt fight of it I concluded
have had a good Supper ; but now I wrts hkely

ifup only on Rice, or a Yam roafted, and two
«, as I us'd to do. For tho* there were Fowls
be bought at every Houfe where I lay, yet my
locket would not reach them ; and for other Flefli,
lere was none to be had, unlcfs my way had

lin thro' the Town when it was Market-day with

cm.

Two Days after this I got with much ado to

W for my Flux encrealed, and my ftrength

fccreafcd. I prefently made towards the French

ilhops, as the likelieft Place for me both to reft

L and get larger Informations of the Country,

(om the European MilTionaries, whole Seat it is.

jlic Biihop's Palace is a pretty neat low Houfe,

landing at the North-end of the Town, by the

k ot the River. 'Tis encompafled with a pretty

(gh Wall, and has a large (jatc to enter at. The

bate flanils fronting to the Street, and runs up

lith Moufes on both fides, and ends at the Palace.

Within the Wall there is a fmall Yard, that goes

|)und the Palace ; and at the farther End of the

tard there are fmall lodging-rooms for the Ser-

fnts, and other nccefiary Offices. The Houfe it

[if is not very large nor high •, it (lands not in

he middle of the Yard, but rather neareft the

fate, which Gate is open all day, but Ihut in the

Fight. That part that fronts the Gate, has a

Iretty neat Room, which fcems to be defigncd for

lie reception of Strangers : for it has no communi-

fition with any other Room in the Houfe, tho*

tyned to it as one building : the Door by which

lou enter it, fronts to the Gate, and this Door alfo

pds open all the day.

When

[to: .^ %

I 'SJ,

54. The French Bijhop's Houfe at Hcan.'

^». 1688. "When I came hither I entred the Gate, andfj
^'^'V^*' ing no Body in the Yard, I went into that Re .
At the Door thereof, I found a fmall Line hangin
down , which I pull'd j and a Bell ringing withil
gave notice of my being there : yet no Body a]
pcaring prefently, I went in and fate down. The
was a Table in the middle of the Room, and hani
fome Chairs, and fcveral European Pidurcs hun
upon the Walls.

It was not long before one of the Priefts can
into the Room to me, and received mc very
villy. With him I had a great deal of DifcourfJ
He was a French Man by Nation, but fpokc SpaA
and Portuguefe very well. It was chiefly in 5/flflJ
that we entertained each other, which I undo
flood much better than I could fpeak : yet I askj
him Queflions, and made a fliift to anfwer himi
f uch Queftions as he asked me ; and when I was
a lofs in my Spanijh^ I had recourfe to Latin, havin
ftill fome fmatterings of what I learnt of it
School in my youth. He was very free to ta
with me, and firft asked me my bufinefs thither?
told him that my bufinefs was to Cachao^ where I
had been once before -, that then I went by "Watej
but now I was moved by my curiofity to travj
by Land, and that I could not pafs by any Eiirom
without a Vifit, efpecially fuch a famous place
this. He asked me many other Queftions, an
particularly if I was a Roman Catholick ? I toll
him no •, but falling then into a Difcourfe about Rj
ligion, he told me what Progrefs the Gofp
was like to make in thefe Eaftern Nations. Fiii
Jie began with the Nicobar Iflands, and told
what I have related of that matter, in the 1 7 Cha||
tCT of my Fpyage round the fForld, page 177, forth
was the Perfon I there quoted, and from whom
had that Relation ; as he told me he had it from
Fri^r, who wrote to him from Fort St, George. Bil

Jht AsT^ifcourfe with a T rcnch Mijionar/. f^

^i Friar having been a Paflenger in Captain '''»«^^*>'^
0n's Ship, from one of the Nicobar Iflands to '"V'*^
rl St. George, I askt the Captain's Opinion of thac
iation fince my w ' jng that Book, and he gave
a quite contrary account of the People ol A?-
that they were a very perverfe, falfe and
[ievifh People, and did not deferve the good
irader the Friar gave of them.
[But to proceed with the difcourfe I had with
[( Ftench Priell at Hea>i. He told me, that in
the Gofpel was in a very fair way to receive
Icouragcment by the means of a French Bilhop
lere, and feveral Ecclefiafticks he had with him
[ere to afllft him : That the great Minifler of
[are, Conjfarn falcon^ had embraced the Ro-
k Fairh •, and that the King was very much
Iclined to it, the Courtiers alfo feeming well
igh pleafed with it. Infomuch that 'twas
Dp'd that in a fhort Time the whole Nation
Quld be converted : And that tho' the Country
bple in general were againft it, yet by the ex-
ople of the King and his Court, the reft might
pme over by degrees i eipedally becaufe the
Hefts had free Toleration to ufe their endeavours.
; for Tonquitt, he told me that the People in ge-
ral were inchned to embrace the Chrifian Faith,
lit that the Government, was wholly averfe to it :
at the Miflionaries who Jived here did not open-
profcfe to be Teachers of their Doftrine, buc
at they Jived here under the notion of Mer-
its, and not as Clergy-Men ; that this was a
It OhP- x\t to Chriltianity, yet neverthelcfs
ey found ways to draw the People from their Ig?-
Drance : that at prefent they had about 14000
onverts, and more coming in daily. He told
Je, that here were two Bifliops, I think both
ttncb Men , one of them was entitled the Bifliop
' Afcalon^ the other of Auran ^ and that hete were

ten

: %

■WW

K'i *

I '

r *

i»i

,Si

96 State of the Miflions at Tonquin, cJr.

:dn. 1688. ten Pricfts of Europe, and three more of the Native
'^^'V^ of'Tonquiny who had been ordained Popifh PricftJ
But fince I have been informed, tliat thefe Fnd
Bifliops were not fuh'ered to live at Ccuhao \ ncitho
may they at any time go thither without a Liccnci
from the Govcrnour ; and fuch a Licence alii
muft be procur*d by the Favour of fome Mankr,
who lives at Cachao, for whom the Biihop or othj
Miflionary is to perform fome trivial Work d
other. For the MifTioners living here are purpofj
ly (killed in mending Clocks, Watches, or lorn
Mathematical Inftruments, of which the Countri
People are ignorant ; and this gives ihem the op
portunity of being often fent for to Cachao by th
Mandarins : And when they are there, a fmalljo
that would not require above 5 or 6 Hours to pcij
form, they will be twice as many days abouj
pretending great difficulty in the work -, by whic
means they take their liberty privately to tead
their Difciples that live there \ and then alfo thej
enjoy themfelves with the E?!gli/h and Dutch Meij
chants, to whom they are always welome.

As to the Converts thefe People have made,
have been credibly informed that they are chie3j
of the very poor People, and that in the fcar^
times, their Alms of Rice have converted morj
than their preaching : and as to thofe alfo wh
have been converted, as they call it, that is
Beads and new Images, and belief in the Pope, the
have fallen off" again, as Rice grew plentiful, an
would no longer be Chriftians than whUe th
Priefts adminiftred Food to them. Yet I canno
think but that thefe People, who have fuch Notiort
of a fupreme Deity, might by the induftry an
example of good Men, be brought to embrace th
Chriftan Faith. But as things ftand at pr
fent, it fcems very improbable that Chriftianiti
fliould frudtify there : For as the Jinglijh anj

mjlacks to Chriftianity among the Idolaters. 97

hub'xn thefe Parrs of the World are too loofe-^*- '^88

Livers to gain Reputation to their Religion, fo arc '■^'V'^-

jie other tiirb'peam^ I mean the MifTionary Priefts,

fpecially the Portuguefi, bint very blind Teachers.

jut indeed as the Romanifts are the only Men who

Dmpafs Sea and Land to gain Profelyres, fo they

ay feem to have bne Advantage over Prof eft ant

linifters in thefe Idolatrous Countries, that they

efent them with furh kind of ObjedVs for Religi-

[is Worfhip as they iiave been ufed to already :

or the exchange is not great from Pagan Idols to

Kges of Saints, which may ferve altogether as

kli for the poor Souis they convert, who are guid-

lonly by Senfe. But then even here alfo, thefe

leople having been bred up in the Belief of the

|nodnefs of their own Gods or Heroes, they will

ore hardly be brought over to change theii* own

5ls for new ones, without fome better Argu-

bts to prove thefe to be more valuable, rhart the

lilfionaries ordinaraily are able to afford them :

nd if I may freely fpeak my Opinion, I am apt

i think, that the grofs Idolatry of the Papifts is

Ither a Prejudice, than Advantage to their Mifli-

s, and that there firft care fhould be to brin^ the

Dple to be virtuous and confiderate , and 'their

rt, to give them a plain Hiftory and Scheme of

! Fundamental Ti-uths of Chriftianity, and Ihew

[m how agreeable they are to natural Light, and

worthy of God.
8ut to return to the French Prieft ; he ac length
|ed me if any of our EnglifJj Ships brought Po\^-
to fell ? I told him, I thought not.. Then he
led me if I knew the Composition of Powder ?
[nfwercd that I had Receipts how to make either
nnon or fine Powder, and told him the manner
the Compofition. Said he, I have the fame
?eipts from France, and have tryed to make
Iwder, but could not j and therefore I think the
}oi. II. H faulc

'%^

I «. ,■'': I* ^« A

':.i ^

S ' ^H

i M

I< I

..<

f* T^e As making 9} Gunpoynder.

^^'Jj^Vj^- fault is in our Coals. Then he afkcd me man^
^r^f^^ Queftions about the Coals, what were proper to
iifed, but that I could not fatisfic him in. He da
fired me to try to make a Pound, and witlial toll
me, that he had all the Ingredients, and an Engirl
to mix them. I was eafily perfwaded to try m]
Skill, wiiich I had never yet tried, not knowinj
what I might be put to before I got to En<^im^
and having drank a Gkfs or two ofWine with hi;
I went to work ; and it fucceeded fo well, that
pleafed him extremely, and fatisfied my own
fire of trying the Receipt, and the Reader ili
have the Uiftory of the Operation, if he pleafe
He brought me Sulphur and Salt-petre, and
weighed a Portion of each of thcfe, and of Co
I gathered up in the Hearth, and bent to Powd
While iiis Man mixed thcfe in a little finginc,
made a final 1 Sieve of Parchmt-nt, which I pridi
full of Holes, with a fmall Iron made hot, and
was to corn it. I Jiad two large Coco-nuts to r
in the SicvCj and work it thro' the Holes to corn
When it was dry we proved it, and it anfwer'd
Expeftation. The Receipt I had out; of.Capt
bturinef ^ yMU^a-zxYi Q\ hxx^^ \ , -., . .
-rThf being fo fuccefsful in this put me afterw
on the renewing of t*owder at Bencouli^ wh
I was there Gunner of . that Fort. There beii
then about 30 Barrels damnified, which was
mud, they took it out of the Calk, and put it in
fJarthern- Jars, that held about 8 Barrels a piu
XIie(e • they call Monlahan Jars, from a Townl
that name in p£^Uy whence they are brought
carried vJ^ll over hdia. In thefe 'twas intended
fend the Powder to f^ort Si. George^ to be renev
^her^,: But I dcfired the Governour to let
firft; try my (kill on it, becaufe we had
\itl\tr Powder . in the For:, and might
wanted belbre any returns could

n ' ' I <."■» ^ ,

expet
ird

The As departure from Hcan. 99

^om thence. The Salt-petre was funk to the ^". i689:
Dttom of the Jars, but I mixc it and beat it al- '-Or^^
jechtT, and corned it with Sieves which 1 made
my own old Parchment Draughts. I madr
.us 8 Barrels full of very good Powder before I
tent from thence. The French Priclt told me in
ndufion, that the Gnndees make all their
rn Powder ; and fmce I have been informed,
hat the Soldiers make Powder, as I have already
Bid.

I fpent the remainder of the Day in the Palace

ith the Prieft. He told me that the Bifliop was

Jt well, otherwife I iliould have feen him : And

btbecaufe it was a Filh-diy, I could jiot cxpeft

lich Entertainment, as I might have had on a-

arhcr Day i yet he Ordered a Fowl tc be broiled

br my Dinner, and I dined by m.y {lAt In the

Evening he lent me out of the Palace, defiring to

Y excufed, that he could not entertain me all

^ight : yet he ordered his Man to lodge me in a

hiiiiinefe Chriftian Houfe not far from thence.

The People were civil, but very poor, and my

Lodging fuch as 1 had met with on the Road. I

ave fince been told, that the new Chriftians come

I do their Devotion in the Palace at Night, and

br that Reafon probably, I was fo foon dif-

bift.

I WIS now again pretty well refreflied, and might
ave gone to Cachao City a foot : but fearing my
[rengch, I chofc to go by Water. Therefore I
[nt back my Guide : • yet before he departed back
iour Ships, he bargained with a TonquiMefe Water-
ban for mv PafTage to Cachao.
The Tide not ferving prefcntly to imbark,
walked about the Town, and fpent the
ay in viewing it •' in the Evening I embarked,
nd they choofe an Evening for coolnei's, rowing

II 2 all

j V ■

''.vi'

il!

r i.-<

i' !

' ' »'

loo He goes by Boat tip to Cachao.

An. 1688. all Night. The Boat was about the bignefs of
^•^V^^ Gravejend Wherry, and was ufed purpofcly to urry
Paflrengers> having a fmall covering over-head tq
keep them dry when it rained. There were 4 or
more of theic Boats, that went up this Tide full
of PafTengers. In our Boat were about 20 Men
and Women, bcfides 4 or 6 that rowed us. ThJ
Women i:hofe their Places and Hit by themfelvcsJ
And they had much Relped fhewed them : But m
Men (lowed clofc together, without IhewinR anJ
refpedt more to one than to another, yet auverjl
Civil. I thruft in among the thickell of them al
firft, but my Flux would not fuffer me to reftlonj
in a Place. About Midnight we were fet alhon
to rcfrefti our felves at a Bailing-Place, whci
there were a few Houfcs dole by the Rivers
and the People up, with Candles lighted, Arici
and Tea, and little Spits of Meat, and other Pn
vifions ready dreft, to receive us. For thel
were all Houfcs of Entertainment, and probabl'
got their living by entertaining Paflengers. \V|
ilayed here about an Hour, and then entered agi
on our Boat, and rowed forwards. The Palfei
gers fpent the Time in merry Difcourfe, or Sin
ing, after their Way, tho' to us it fcems like cr
ing •, but 1 was mute for want of a Perlon I cou!
converfe with. About 8 or 9 a Clock the next F
I was fet afhorc : the reft of the PafTengers rcmaim
in the Boat, but whither they were bound I kn
not, nor whetlicr the Boat went quire up to Cd(.k
I was now 5 or 6 Miles fliort of the City, but in
good Path : for the Land here was pretty high, li
vel and liindy, and the Road plain and dry, ai
I reached Cachao by Noon. I prefently went
one Mr. Bowyers Houfe, who was a free Merchanj
with whom Captain Weldnn lodged, and ftal
with them a few Days •, but fo wqak with my Flu:
which daily encreafed, that I was fcarce able

fx'd Bells to be fent from Tonquin to Siam. loi

10 about, an^i fo was forced to learn by others, ^». 1688.

a great Meafurc, fcveral particulars relating to "^"^^^^
liiis Place. This my wcaknefs, joined with my
iifappointmenr, Tor I found that I was not like to

employed in any Voyage to the Ncigbouring
;;ountrics, as it had been " propofcd to me, made
ne very defirous of returning back again, as foon as
night be : arid it happened opportunely, that Cap-
liii Weldon had by this time dune his Bufincfs, and
m preparing for his Departure.

I went therefore down the River again to our

Ships, in a Veficl our Merchants had hired, to

Icarry their Goods aboard from Cachao. Among

other freight, there were 2 Bells of about 500

dght each, which had been caft at Cacbcu) by the

fof!(]uinefe^ for my Lord Jralcon, the King of Stamps,

phief Miniftcr ol State, and for the ufe of fome

bf the fChriftian Churches in Siam. The Perfoji

vho btfpoke them, apd was to carry them, was

Captain Bremjter, who had not very long before

|[omc from Sia*n in a Ship of that King's, and had

ccn caft away on the Coaft of Tonquin^ but had

lived moft of his Goods. With thefe he traded at

Uchao^ and among other Goods he had purchafed

^0 return with to Siam^ were thefe 2 Brlls, all

ffhidv he fiint-down ta be put on Board Captain

»Wo»'s Ship. ButtheifarK was no fooner come

hUtan^ in going down tlje River, but the Gover-

\otof.Htfari*s Officers came on Board the Bark and

feed the 2 Bells in ^ehalf of the chief of the

E»^//j& Fft<3:fljry .-, who underftanding they were de-

Bgncd for the King of •Sw», which they were not

lure of af? to the reft of the Goods, and the Efi-

\lilh being then at War with the Siamefs, he made

m his pretence for. feizing them, and got the

povernor to aflift him with his Authority ; and

(he Bells Wfire accordingly carried alhore, and

W at Hea^i. This was thought a very ft range

H^ Adtiou •

s. t'(

; 1' -f! I

•>;

I ,

102

i:;i

^•VV^

opportunities of trading to Japan.

"f^St^' Aftion of the chief oF the f adlory, to fcizc G(
as belonging to the King of Siam^ while they wep
in a River of ^onquin : but he was a Pcrfon bu
meanly qtialificd for he Station he was in. Indcc
had he been a Man of Spirit, he nrvi^ht have bee
ferviccable in getting a Trade with Ja[an^ whici
is a very rich one, and much coveted by the Eaft]
ern People thcmlclvcs as well as Europeans, fo
while 1 was there, there were Merchants car
every Year from Jipnn to ^onquin \ and by fome
thefe bur En^Jifh Fadtory might probably have fetl
tied a Correfpondence and Trafficfc, but hewh(
was little qualified for the Station he was in,
Icfs fit for any new Undertaking : and tho' Mcj
onght not to run inconfiderately into new Difcovt
ri:'s Or Undertakings, yet where there is a profptd
of ProFif, I think it not amifs for Merchants totr
for a Tridc, for if our Ancdftors had been as dii|
as we have been of late, 'tis probable we had
%'cr known the way fo much as to the Eaft-hv\
but murt: have been beholden to our Neighbouj
for all the produdl of thofe Eaftern Nations. Wh/
care was formerly taken to get us a Trade into til
y.afv-Jndl:^^, and other Countries ? What Pains pa]
ticularly did fome take to find out the Mfifcovitnl
doubling the North Ctf/)f, arid away thence by Ian
Trade into Pcrjin ? but now, as if wt wore clovl
with Trade, we fit fVill contented, faying with u^
Noji minor ejl virtifs quam queerer e parta tuiri. Tti
was the Saying of an eminent Merchant of
Eajl-India Company to me : but by his leave, oj
Neighbours have encroached on us, and ihacinoj
times tor». However, *tis certainly for the Inter
of our Merchants to imployfit Men in their Faftj
ries, fince the Reputation of the Company rilr
^or tails by the difcreet Management, or the ill Co
'dutl of the Agents. Nor is it enough for the chj
of a Fa(^tory to be a good Merchant, and an hond

{jfTrajy to China, Cochinchina, Ch^mpz,&c. to|

Alan : For tho' tlicfc arc ncce(r4ry Qualifications, -'»• '6^8
U the Govcrnour, or chief of tlic Factory ought ^^VN#
lo know more than h.\rcly how to buy, fell, and
Ifcp Accoinpts : I'-fpcciaiiy where other Einopean
Jfrthants <« refidc anionc thrm, or trade to the
Lmc Places •, for thoy keep a diligent l''yc on the
Maniigcmcnc of ourAtFairs, and are always ready
bukc all Advantages of our Mif-improvcmenis.
Keiihcr ought this Care to be ncglefted where wn
Lve the Trade to our felves, for there ought to

a fair Underftanding between us and the Na-

fives, and care taken that they ihould have no

[rafon to complain of unjuft dealings, as I could

kw where there has been •, but *tis an invidious

ubjeft, and all that I aim at is to give a caution.

But to the Matter in Hand, it fccmed to me that

bur Factory ap Tonqum might have got a Trade

k\) Japan : and to Chifia as much as they plea-

k\. I confefs the continual Wars between '•Tunquin

m Cochinchina^ were enough to obftruft the Dr-

ligns of making a Voyage to this J aft : and tho fa

ther Places of Champa and Cambodia as they are Icls

nowD,. fa was it more unlikely ftill to make thiti.er

ny profitable yoy;iges : yet poflTibly the Diflicul tics

lere alfo is not fo great, but Refolution and Induf-

would avercomc thep) ; and the .Profit would
undanily compenfate the Trouble.
But to proceed, we found there was no recover-
ig the ^ells : fo we fell down from Hean to our
Bhips : and Captain fFeldon coming to us in a few
ays, and Captain Brewjler with him, to go as a
Pi&nger in his Ship, together with one or two
nore; and 2 Ships who came with us being alfo
pd/ fpr their Departure, we all weighed Anchor,
nd took leave of Ton^ttifu .

H 4

C H A P.

104 ■ The^uthofs dcf art ure from Toiicjuin.

Am. idSS.

!: C H A P. VI. '

They fet fat I out of the Bay of TorKjuin. 0/
the R. and Country of Cambodia : O/Chi-
nc(c Pirates fettled thercy and the Buggafll-s,
a fort of Soldiers under the King of Siam,
both routed by the Englifh in his fervtce» ThA
fa[s by Pulo Condorc, are in fear of th\
K/ng of Siam, and enter the Str eights of
Malacca by Brcwftcr '/ Streights, They armt\

T- «j/. Malacca. The ."itory of Captain )o\\[\[m:
his buying a Veffel at Malacca, and goin^ o-

'■' ver'tO'ScncsiVis, aTown on theoppofite Lo4\

■' /)/ Sumatra, to buyTepper, His Murder h\
the Malayans there^ and the narrow efcafe ij
his Men and VeJJeL The State of Trade in\
thofe Tarts^ and (he Reftraint put upon it\
Captain John Ton V VeJJel brought to Malacca
by Mr. Wells. Th^iAuthofj 'Departure frot
Malacca j and arrival at Achin. ^f^'i

IT was the beginning of 'BehrtiaY'^ l68' when
left this Country. We Went ovei" 1^6 Bafjj
Ships in Company, the Tlaivhow Captai(i -?^/^ Com
mander, bound for London, and Captairt Locji
the Saphirc, bound for Fort St. George!^ aiid I was ii
Captain tVfldon*s Ship the Curtane, bound thitr.?i
aJfo. We kept Company feme rimC after '6ur dc
parturc from Tonquin, ' ^nd having an Eaftcrl
wind wc kept more to the middle of the Bay oi
^onqiiifiy or towards the Eaftern Side, than whei
we entered : by which means we had the Opporto
nity of founding as well la the middle of the Bj;

■• ' • now,!

R. and K. of CatiiboJia, iis TrodnEi, loj

Qv., lis wc had on the Well fide of it, at our co--'* iM8-
ling into the Bay. \y^>r>i

Cominp; out of the Bay of Tonquht^ wc flood a-
[ly Southward, having the Sholes of Pracel on our
LrboirJ, .ind the Coads of Cr/chimhina^ Champa,
y Ciiinhodia on our Starboard. I have juft men-
Ucd thcfe Kingdoms in my former Volume •, and
[re I have but little to fay of ihcm, having only
trd by them. But not altogether to fail the Rca-
ts Expeclation, I fhall ^ivc a brief Account of one
[ two Particulars relating to Cambodia : for as to
hml>a I have nothing material to fpcak •, and Co-
Vxhlna^ I have already fpoken of in this Volume,
11 went ioTonqiiUi.

jThc Kingdom of CamhocUa feems to be much fuch
[kind of Country within Land as the lower Parts

Tor.(iuhi : low Land, very woody, and little inr
hbitcd, lying on each Side a great Kivcr that comes
lorn the North a great way, and falls into the Sea
Ivcr againft Pi{h Co/ulore. I know not the particu"
IrPfodud pf Cambodia, but in the VefTels mentio-
fcJin my former Vol. p. 399. as taken at Pulo Ubi^
11 which came thither fron: Cambodia ; there were
tfides Rice, Dragons Blood, Lack, in great Jars,
tit it looked blackifh and thick i and the yellow
lirging Gum, which w£ from thence call Cambodia^
[great Cakes, but I know not whence they get it.
[his River and Kingdom Cif it be one ) is but little
pown to our Nation, yet fome Englijhmen\i:ivc been
lerej particularly , Captain fVilliams and Captain
ml, the laft of whom I came acquainted with fomc
be after this at Fort St.. George, and I had of him
Ic following Account,^ the Particulars of which I
Ivealfo had coniirrned by the Seamen who were
puhem. " ' . ,

iThefe two Captains, with many more Englifl)-
^«, had been for fome time in the Service of the

ng of Siam, and each of them commanded a

ftout

i>r.

:, '■ •.

I^"V iN'^ ..

r ,

",i '

■I'r

:I\'S

106 ChiHcfc Ty rates hi the R. of Cambodia. I Ihe pirates

'•^^iJ^- ftout Frigat of his, mann'd chiefly with En0,

^^^f^' fome Portugeufi born at Siam, Thefe the Kino

Siam lent ugainft Ibme Pyrates, who made fpi

of his Subjeds trading in thefe Seas, and neftel

themfelves in an Ifland up the River of CamhoB

Captain Howel told me, that they found this RivJ

Tery large, cfpecially at its Mouth ; that 'tis ded

and navigable for very great Veflcls, 60 or J

Leagues up, and that its depth and widenefs d

tended much further up, for ought we know : bil

fo far they went up at this time with their Shic

The Courfe of the River is generally from Nora

to South : and they found the Land low on eaj

fide, with many large Creeks and Branches, an

in fome Places confiderable Iflands. They bcndel

their Courfe up that Branch which feemed mo|

confiderable, having the Tide of Flood with then

and tHe River commonly fo wide, as to giia

them room to turn or make Angles where n

bending of the River was fuch as to receive a coi

trary E.aft , or South-Eaft Sea-Wind. The!

•Reaches or Bendings of the River Eaft and Wd

were very rare ; at lead fo as to make their CouJ

be againft the Sea-wind, which commonly ble

in their Stern, and fo frelh, that with it they couj

^cm the Tide of Ebb. But in the Night when

Land-winds came, they anchored, and lay ftill

about 10 or II a-Clock the next Day, at which tirt

the Sea-breezes ufiially fprang yp again, and en

Wed them to continue their Courfe, till they cafl

tcy the Ifland, where the Pirates inhabited. Tlij

•prelently begart to fire at ihcm, and landing th^

Men routed them, and burnt their IJoufesandfo

tifications i and taking many Prifoners, return

again. . ;

-' Thefe Piratical People we by Nation CM

who when the' 'iTizr/rtrj conquer'a their Counii]

fled from thenar in rheir own Ships ; :is chofi^

riia

The Pirates carried to Macao /» China. '107

iher to live any vrerc free, than to fubmit tp^«. i6M<

"tartars. Thefe it feems in their flight bent ^^ '

fcfir Courfc towards this Country , and finding

[e River of Cambodia open before them, theymadfc

to enter, and fettle on the Ifland bcfore-men-

oned. There they built a Town, and fenced it

iind about with a kind of Wood-pile, or Wall of

wi Timber Trees laid along, of the Thicknefs qf

or 4 of thefe Trees, and of about as many in

eighth. They were provided with all forts, of

flinters Inftruments, and the Land hereabouts was

icellcnt good, as our Englijhvien told me, fo

liat it is like they might have lived here happily

Wigh, had their Inclinations led them to a quiet

lite: but they brought Arms along wirh them,

nd chofe to ufe them, rather than their Inftru-

lients of Husbandry : and tliey lived thcicfore

|ioftly by rapin, pillaging their Neighbours, w,ho

re more addided to traffick than fighting. But the

[ing of Sia7n'% Subjeds having been long harrafted

them at Sea, he firft fcnt fome Forces by

Land to drive them out of their Fort : till not

j'cceedine that way, he entirely routed the|n b^*

[nding thefe 2 Ships up the Rivet The 2 lingiijh

cptaiBS having thus efFefted thejr Bufinefa, r©-

lirned out of the River with many Prifoners : bi^t

lie South- Weft Monfoon being already fct in, they

jiild not prefently return to 6'f4/«,;^rid therefoi](^

bt to Macao in China \ as well to wait for the |V.

[aft Monfoon, as to ingratiate tlijemfelveij wjtji

p fjr/rtr;, who ahey thought would be pleaftxl

^ith the Conqucil which they had mad<* over

kkChinefe Pyrates. They were wejj entertained

(lere by the Tartarian Governor, and. gave him

lleir Prifoners •, and upon the fhiiiiiig of the

fcnfoon, they returned to Slam. There they

l^ere received with great Applaufe. Nor W4s

his the firft fuccefsful Kxpeditiun the Engiijh hayc

made

■1 i

H ■

i r

1' -, ^ '; Ji ^

'I -

,L„'

v/<J

108 ne Biiggaffcs, a fort of Free-hooters:

•^J;J^'made in the King of Siam's Service. They onccfa^
^•^^^r^ the Country, by lupprefling an Infurredlion ma,
.bv the Bug gaps. The Buggajfes are a fort of w]
like trading Malayans, and mercenary Soldiers]
India: I know not well whence they come, unl(
from' Macaffer in the llland.C^/^^<fj. Many of the
had been entertained at Siam in the King's Scrvic
but at laft being difgufted at fome ill Ufage, tlx
ftood up in their own Defence. Some Hundreds]
them got together, all well armed : and thefe flruJ
a Dread into the Hearts of the Siamiks, none
whom were able to iland before them ; till Conjt^
Falcon the chief Minifter, commanded the t»gljjh(i
were then in the King's Service to march agait
them, which they did with Succcfs, though wi
fome confiderable I.ofs. Far thefe Services the Ki(
gave every Year to each of them a great Silk Col
on which were juft i ^ Buttons. Xhofe of the dif
Commanders were of MalTy Gold, and thofeoftl
inferior Officers were of Silver Plate. This Exixi
tion againft the Chinejk Pyrates was about; the Vel
1687 : the other' Broil with the Buggajfes was, J
take it, fome time before.

But to proceed with our Voyage, we flili kept(
way Southward, and in Company together, till
came about Pula Condore\ but then. Captain f\
parted from' us, Handing more diredly South tj
theStreights ofSundy : and we fteered more to a
Weftward, to go through the Streights of Malnci
through which we came before. Captain \6r«i;l
and another of our Paffengers began now to bc|
fear that the King of Siam would fend- Ships
Jie at the Mouth of the Streights of Malacca^ ad
intercept our PafTage, becaufe there was a \V|
broke out between the'Engli/h Eaft- India Compail
and that Prince. This feemed the more likell
becaiife the French at this time were employed
■ that King's Service, by the Means of a Ffc/tcb B'M

The A. enters the Str eights of Malacca. lo^

1 other ^cckjiajluks^ who were driving to con--^"* '688.
^t the King and People to Chriftianity, through ^'^^-'^
ilntereft they liiid got in Conjiant Falcon. Parti-
arly tht*y were afraid that rlic King of «?/Vi/w would

the 2 Ships before-mentioned, which Captaia
\knis, and Captain /yo^t•<?/ had commanded a little
Ifore, to lie at the Weft-End of the Streights
outh i but probably manned with Frenchmen and
\mh Commanders to take us. Now though this
^debut little Impreflionon the Minds of ourCom-

mlets and Officers, yet it fo hapned, that we had
ch thick dark Weather when we came near the firft
ntrance of che Streights of Malacca, which was
at we came by, and by which we meant to return,
at we thought it not fafe to ftand in at Night,
jdfo lay by till Morning. The next Day we faw
IJonk to the Southward, and chafed her ; and
Iving fpokc with her we made Sail, and ftood to
[eWeftward to pafs the Streights, and making
leLand, we found we were to the Southward of
je Streights firft Mouth, and were gotten to the

othermoft Entrance, near the Sumatra Shore : but
aptain Lacy, who chofe to go the old Way, made

again to the Northward, and fo paffed nearer

Malacca Shore by the Hincappre , the way w^
cnt before. His was alfo the be ft, and nearelt
By: But Captain IVeldoiv was willing to fatisfy

Curiofity, and try a new Paffage : which we
bt through, though we had but little Depth of
Fatcr: and this Eritrance wcpaftis called Brczver's
leights. -

Brewer*s Streights are fometimes palTed by fmall
Jiips, that fail from Batavia to Malacca, bccaufe
Irthem it is a nearer Cut, than to run fo fara^
m Timaon, or the Streights of Sincapore. In this

annel, though in fome Places we found but 14

15 Foot Water, yet the Bottom was foft Oaze :

1 it lie^ fo among IHands, thac there cannot go a

great

(imk

*' M a rf. 1

//!

tl6

The A, arrives at Malaccn.

■'Ir*'

;.'

|i:r;

***■ L^fgrC'i^ ^^^' Captain IVcldon had aJfo a jD.v.'ti),!
^^^^^f^' aboard who had been this way, and he profcOiJ
to know the Channel, encouraged our Captain
try it, which we affefted very welJ, though fon
times we had but little more Water than we drr
This made us make but an caly Sail, and therefol
we were 7 or 8 Pays before we arrived at Malxai
but Captain Lac^ was there 2 or 3 Days befol
us.

Here we fifft heard of the Death of ConJlantFi
coti, for whom Captain Brcwfter feemed to be mu]
concerned. There alfo we found, befuies feveij
Dutch Sloops, and our Companion Captain La\
an EiigUfi Veflcl of .^5 or 40 Tuns. This Veil
was bought by one Captain Jobnfon, who was ft
by the Governor of Bencotili^ in a fmall Sloop,
trade about the Ifland of Sumatra for Pepper, bj
Captain Johrfon being killed, the Sloop was broug
hither by one Mr. Welh.

Being thus infenfibly fallen into the mention 1
this Captain Johnfon \ and intending to deter w[
little I nave to fliy of Malaxd^ till my coming tli
ther again from Achiriy Ifhall beftow the rell oh
Chapter in fpeaking of this Man's Tragedy, andi
ther Occurrences relating to it, which though of
great Moment in themfelves, yet the Circumftance
Ihall have occafion to relate with them may be ofiJ
to the giving fome fmall light into the State of 1
oppofite Coaft of Sumatra^ which was the Scene!
what I am going to fpeak of: for though I fliallhai
other occafion to fpeak of Achin and Bencouli^ yetl
fliall npt have Opportunity to fay any thing of tii
Part of that Ifland, oppofite to Malacca^ unlefsj
do it here. To go on therefore with his Story,
feems Captain Johnfon was part Owner of the fm^
Bencouli Sloop : but thinking it too fmall for histur
he came to Malacca^ intendiiig to buy a larger SlotI
of the Dutch, if he could light .>f a Bargain. Mi

': i

I! !

II I

Of Capt. Johnfon and Mr. Wells. ■

ibeft Part of a Thoufand Dollars in Spanijh Mo--^»- '^^8.
aboard, for which one may piirchafe a good *«^^^^

Dp here: for the Dutch, as I have before obfcrvM,
I often buy Proe-bottoms for a fmall Matter, of
c Malayans, cfpecially of the People of Jihorc\
convert them into Sloops, either tor their own
, or to fell. Of thefe fort of Vefiels therefore
dutchmen of Malacca have plenty, and can
ford good Penny-worths ; and doubtlefs it was for
lisRcafon that Captain John/on. came hither to
lirchafe a Sloop. Here he met with a Bargain, not
[ch a Proe-bottom reformed, but an old ill-ftiaped
ling, yet fuch a one as pleafed him. Tiie Dutth-
i who fold him tliis Vcflel, told him withal, that
Government did not allow any fuch Dealings
(di the Englifh, though they might wir,' it it : and
Lt therefore thefaftit Way for them ooth to keep
lit of trouble, would be to run over to the other
Ideof the Streights, to a Town called Bencalis, on
\mtra •, where they might fafely buy and fell, or
icii.nge without any Notice taken of them. Cap-
Jin Johnfon excepting the Ot^er, they failed both
[gcther over to, Bcncalis, a Malayan Town on that
oaft, commanding the Country about it. There
tey came to an Anchor, and Captain Johnfon
lying the Price agreed on for the Veflel, he had
\i deliver'd to him. The Tiiitchman immediate-
f returned over to Malacca agaiji, leaving Ca^^tain
^n\m with 2 Vefleis under his Command, 'd'vz.
ke Sloop that he brought from Bencouii, and this
pv-bought Velicl. The Bencouii Sloop he kn\i
|to a large kiver hard by, to trade with the
mkyans for Pepper, under the Command; of Tv^r.
Ms. He was no Seaman i but a pretty incclligeric
[erfon, that came fird out of England as a Soldier,
jferve the Eafi- India. Company in the IQand Sam a
/f/wd.He liv'd fometinie very meanly in tluit Ifiand,,
ut having an afpiringMind, ii.e kfc that poor, buc

' healthy

7l ? '■■

-r

p I

- «,

f i

nli'

T 1 2 Lafcars, and other Seamen in the Eaft-IndicJ

An. i68S. healthy Place, to (erve the Company at Benmi\
\y"^>r^ which though it is accounted the moft unheakh
Place of any that we trade to, yet the hopes of Pn
ferment engaged him to remove thither. After fon
flay there, he was fent with Captain Johnfon toaf
him in this Pepper Expedition ; more becaufe
could ufe his Pen than bis Hands in Sea Servic]
He had 3 or 4 raw Seamen with him to won"
the Sloop up into the River. Captain Johm
ftayed near Bencalis to fit his new Veflfel : for witf
other Neceljarics fhe wanted a new Boltfprij
which he intended to cut here, having a CarpJ
with him for that purpofe ; as alfo to repair anl
fit her to his Mind. He had alfo a fev/ other rai
Seamen , but fuch as would have made bettq
Landmen, they having fcrved the King of Sim;
Soldiers : and tliey were but lately come froii
thence with the Frcuch, who were forced to leav
that Country. But here in the Indies our Enilii
are forced for want of better, to make ufe of anj
Seamen fuch as they can get , and indeed 00
Merchants are often put hard to it for want
Seamen. Here are indeed Lafcars or Indian Seame
enough to be hired ; and thefe they often make ufij
of; yet they always covet an Engli/hman or 2 in
VeflTel to aflift them. Not but that thefe Lafa^
are fome of them indifferent good Sailors ,
might do well enough : but an En^ijhman will I
accounted more faithful, to be employed on mat]
ters of Moment ; befide the more free Converfatioif
that may be expedled from them, during the Tern
of the Voyage, So that though oft-times their h\
iijhmen are but ordinary Sailors, yet they areproj
moted to fome Charge of which they could not I
fo capable any where but in the Eafi-Indies. Thdil
Seamen would be in a manner wholly ufelefs ia
Europe^ where we meet with more frequent an
hard Storms, but here they ferve indifferent well]

Capt, Johnfon is killed by the Malayans. 1 1 j

fpecially to go and come with the Monfoons ; but^»' »68«.
lOugh of that. --*-N^^^

Mr. Welh being gone to purchafc Pepper, Capt.
htjon went afhore about 5 or 6 Leagues from Ben-
k Town with his Carpenter, to cut a Boltfprit \
ere being there plenty of Timber Trees fit for iiis
rpofe. He foon chofe one to his Mind, and cue
down. He and his Carpenter wrought on it the
ft and fecond Days without Moleltation. The
ird Day they were both fet upon by a Band of
m^Mala\am^ who killed them both. In the E-
ning the Sailors who were left aboard, lookt out
r their Commander to come off : but Night ap-
oached without feeing or hearing from him. This
t them in fome doubt of his Safety ; for they
ere fenfible enough, that the Mala-jans that inha-
ited thereabouts were very treacherous : as indeed
11 of them are, efpecially thofe who have but little
mmerce with Strangers : and therefore all People
ight to be very careful in dealing with them, fo
to give them no Advantage •, and then they may
de fafe enough.

There were but 4 Seamen on board Captain John-
i's Sloop. Thefe being terrified by the abfence of
eir Commander, and fufpeding the Truth, were
wvery apprehenfive of their own Safeties. They
rged their Guns, and kept themfelves on their
uard, expelling to be afliliukcd by the Malayans,
hey had 2 Blunderbufles, and 5 or 6 Muikets :
ch Man took one in his Hand, with a Caduce-box
his Wafte, and looked out fliarp for fear of any
?my. While they were thus on their Guard, the
mans in 6 or 8 Canoas came very filent to at-
k the Sloop. They were about 40 or 50 Men,
'med with Lances and Creffets. The darkncfs of
Night fivoured their Defigns, and they were
fn aboard before the Seamen perceived them.
lisn thefc began to fire, and the Encrr.y darted
^'oL. II. I their

<i'^

■I

( I

Si;

' ( '

• i

V :

' '

i'f -i

.114 Hf^s Men make a brave T>eftnce,

'^iv!^' ^^'^^^ Lances aboard, and boarding the VclTel. ilic*
entered her over the Prow. The Seamen refoliitc!^
defended her, antl drove them over-board againJ
Of the 4 Seamen 2 were defperately wounded int'ia
Crfl attack. T\\c Malayvis took frefh Courage anj
cnter*d ag;'in •, and the 2 Seamen who were no
v/ounded, betook themfelves to clofe Quarters iJ
the Steerage j and there being Loop-holes to fir
out at, they repulfed the Malayans again, forcinj
them into their Canoas. Their Bellies being noJ
pretty full, they returned afhore without hopes ol
conquering the Sloop. The poor Seamen were llil(
in fear, and kept watch all Night ; intending tofcl
their Lives as dear as they could, if they had beej
attacked again. For they might not, neither diJ
they exped T;\jarter from the Salvage Mj/(/\mj|
but they were no more alTaulted. Thefc two ili;
were wounded dyed in a fhortTime.

The next Day the 2 Seamen got up their Anchor|
and run as nigh the Town of BencaUs as they could
It may be within half a Mile. There they anchor']
again, and made Signs for the People to comei
Board. It was not long b»;fore the Shaluuider or chii
Magillrate of the Town came off: to him ihcytolj
all their Misfortunes, and defired him to protej
them, bccauie they were not of fuflicient Streng
to hold out ngainft another Attack. The Sbalm.lk
feemed very forry for what had happened, and to]
them withal, that he could not help what was pal
for that the People that did it were wild unrul
Men, not fubjefc to Government, and that it wi
not in his Power to fupprefs them : but as longi
they lay there lome of his Men fhould lye aboaj
to fecure the Ship -, and he in the mean time woul
Lnd a Canoa to their Confort Mr. JVells, togij
him an account how Things went. Accordingly!
left 10 or 12 of his own Malayans aboard the Barj
and 'cat a Letter written by the Seamen to ^|

!i:

7he Tepper 'Trade in thefe Turtsl 1 1 $

"j , who was, as I have faid, dealing with i\iQAn. \b%S.
\i(\\c.% for Pepper, in a Fiver at Ibine diitancc. •VN*

Itwiis i (>!• 3 Days before Mr Jl^'d/s canicto then).
If hid not then received the Letter, and therefore
Jfvfir[)^'<^t(fd the Soiibduder of lalfhood •, though

Men were yet very kind, and ferviceable f^ the

Seamen. Mr. IVcib liad heard notinng of their
liuflcrs, but returned for want of Trade ; at Icaft
jch a full Trade as he expeded. For tho* here is

epper growing, yet not fo much as might allure
iv one to feek after it : for the Dutch are fo near,
lat none can come to trade among them but by
(eir PcrmifPion. And though the Natives themfclves
crc never fo willing to trade* with any Nation, as
[deed they are, yet the Butch coukl loon hinder it,
Jen by deftioying them, if in order to it they
lo'ild let themfelves to produce fuch Pepper. Such "
nJl quantities as they do an pr:.'fent raifc up, or
|oiure trom other parts of the Ifland, is lickt by
leD/.T'/', or by their Friends of Bc/itaiis for them :
|r the Town of Bencalis being the principal of thefe
arts, and fo nigh Malacca^ as only parted by the
irrowSea or Streights, 'tis vilited h^j X.W.Dutch in
jeirfma!! Veni'ls, and feems wholly to depend on

:rade with that Nation, not daring to Trade with
IvbefiJcs : and I judge it is by the Friendfhip of

Town, that the Dutch drive a ihiall Trade for
fcpp.r in thefe parts, and by it alfo vend any of
eir own Commodities : and thefe alfo trading with

eir Neighbours into the Country, do bring their'
smmodities hither, where the Dutch come for
lem. The People of Bejualis r!ierefore, though
|ey are Malayans, as the reft of the Country, yet
ey are civil enough, engaged thereto by Trade :
[rthe more Trade, the more Civility -, and on the
pntrary, the lefs Trade the more Barbarity and In-
Jmanity. For Trade has a Ih oi-p; Inl'^uence upon
|1 People, who have found the f>vcct of it, bring-

I 2 ing

ini

■I I

■ *i,

li.n

1 1 6 Opprejfiony a prejudice to Trade,

jin. i68H.ing v^ith it ib many of the Convcniencics of Liic

(•VX

it docs. And 1 believe that even the \>oQr AmtruA
who have not yet tafted the Swectnels of it, inH
be allured to it by an honeft andjull Commerce]
even Uich ot them as tlo yet leern to covet no mo]
than a bare Sublillcnce of meat and drink, amll
clout to cover rhrir Nakedncfs. That large CorJ
nent hath ytt Millions of Inhabitants, both on J
Mexican and Peruvian parts, who are ft ill ignoraj
of Trade : and they would be fond of it, did [hd
once L''xpcricn':e it ; though at the prefent they lii
happy enough, by enjoying fuch Fruits of the Earj
as Nature hath beftowed on thofe Places, where tha
Lot is fallen : and it may be they are happier noi^
than they may hereafter be, when more known
the Avariticus PVorlcl. For with 'lYade they will bcj
danger of meeting with OpprelTion : Men notbcii
content with a freeXraffick, and ajuft and rafoj
able Gain, efpecially in thefe remote Countries:
they muft have the Current run altogether in \\\
own Channel, though to the depriving the poorNj
tives they di-al with, of their natural Liberty .' .is
ail Mankind were to be ruled by their Laws. Tl
Ill.inds of Sumaini and Java can fufliciently wi:n!|
this : the Dutch having in a manner ingrolt alli
'l^radc of thole, and feveral of the ncighbounij
Counrri(^s to thcmlllves : not that they areablej
fupply the Natives with a quarter of what they wan
but bccaufe they would have all the produce ol thd
ac their own tiifpofal : Yet even in this they
i7iorr, and may be ft ill more difappointed
the Pepper Trade if other People would feekij
it. F^or the greatcft part of tho Ifland of Siima
propagates this Plant, and the Nar.ives would reaf
ly comply with any who would come to trade vj
them, notwithllanding the great Endeavours
Diinb make againll ir : for this Ifland is To large,
pulou% and pr(j(luai\-e of I'eppcr, that theD;'l

', II

The Malayans in fear of the Dutch. x 1 7

not able to draw all to themfcIvTs. Indeed this^». 1688.
|i« about Benralis, is in a manner at their D/'O-
D.v, and for ought 1 know, it was thioiigh a Dc-
m of being revenged on the DHUb that Captain
%:Con loft his Life. I find i\\c Malayans in general
|t implacable Knemics to the Dutch j and all Iccnis
ifpring from an earn-jft defire they have of a free
[rade, which is rcllrained by them, not only here,
lit in the Spice-lflands, and in all other places where
ey have any Power. But *tis freedom only mult
ithe means to incourage any of thefe remote Peo-
:to Trade i efpccially fuchof them as arc indailri-
and whofe Inclinations are bent this way ; as
oft of the Malayans are, and the major-part of
People of the Rafl-Tnd'm^ leven from the Cape of
hi Hope Kaftward to Japan^ both Continent and
lands. For though in many places they are limi-
Iby theDw^f/^, Englifh^ Danes ^ &c. and rcftrained
Dm a free Trade with other Nations, yet have they
|ntinually fhewn what an uneafmefs that is to them.
nd how dear has this Reftraint cofl: the Dutch ?
b yet neither can they with all their Forts and
iiard-Ships fecure the Trade wholly to themfelves,
more than the Rarlaventa Fleet can fecure the
hde of the IFeft- Indies to the Spaniards : but e-
[ugh of this matter.

[You have heard before, that Mr. IFclls came with

Sloop to Bdncalis, to the great Joy of the two

Itn that were yet alive in Captain Johnfon*% Veflel.

fie two Seamen were fo juft, that they put all

iptain Johnjon\ Papers and Money into one Cheft,

p lockt it and put the Key of it into another

kit -, and locking that, flung the Key of it into

Sea : and when Mr. IVells came aboard, they

fered him the Command of both Vefiels. He

tmingly refufed it, Hiying, that he was no Sea-

lOj and could not manage cither of them : yet by

iich importunity he accepted the Command of

them.

fj'ffi

It; i(

\ ■

!l!

flf

;

'I !

< I'r

I., ill

1 1 S The A, departs from Malacca*

>f». i6S8,ti^cm^ or at Icaft undertook tlic account of \^'r, it

^"^^^^^^was in the Sloop, cng.i[/,in^ lO give a laithful accour.

of it 10 Govirnour Hiui.in,

'1 luy were ;ill now fo weakened, that they s^cn
but jull enough to fail one of the Vcllcls. TlKre
fore they lent ro iIk" Shahduurt of Brncalh^ to d«.f:
■foine of his Men, to hrlp fail ti\c Sloops over r
MMcca^ but he refufcd il. Then chcy oiTcmlti
fell one of ihcni for a inull Matter, but ncltliti
would he buy. Then ihey oiTered to give him tin
fmalkn: : To thai heanfwered, that he did not in
to accept of hrr, tor fear of the Dutch, Then Mr
Wells and his Crew concluded to take the Pepper .n^
all the Stores out ot tl^e fniaJl V'clTcl, and burn he:
and go ;iway with the other to Malacca. This u\
put in Execution, and prefently went away, and
pening Captain yc^/7y&/;'s Cheft, they found :. or jci
jDollars in Money. This with all his Writings, ani
what elfe they found of value, Mr. fVclh took
his PofTcfllon. In a very fliort Time thqy goi ovi
to Malacca, Tlierc they ttayed expedingthe co
ing of ibme E>!gllJJj $hip, to get a Pilot to navigii
the Sloop : for neither of them would undcrtak
navigate her further. Captain Lac-j coming hii
firtl, l:C fparcd Mr. ll'clh his chief Mate to ne-
gate her to Achin : When we came hither they wi
ready to Sail, and went away two or three D
before us.

To return therefore to our own Voyage, Q|
tain IP'cldon having finifhed his Bufinefs at Ma-r'-
we failed again, fteering towards yichin^ where
defigned to touch in his way to Fort St. George. ^"
overtook ?vlr. WelU about ^s Leagues fhort of i^
agajnft the River Paffange Jonca : and Jhoi tly
we both arrived at Achln., and anchored \n theRo;
about the beginning of March 1689. Here I
my leave of Captain //'(7<f/oA/, and of my Friend )l
liall^ who went with us to TuMquiu^ and I went a!lioi

His iirrivai at hMn. ' 119

being very weak with my Flux, as I had \5ctn all An }(>%%.

tit:Voya<^;('. CiH-raiii //'WrA;;; ollcrcd nic any Kind- ^^'^V^^
inls thai lay in iiis Power at lort St. (icorir, if I
woiiKl [v vviih him thither : bi'i [ clioff raditr to
iij here, luiving lome i"m ill Acquainunce, than to
igoiii that wtak Condition, to a l^iacc \ here I was
Iwholly unknown. But Mv. IJaH went with CapLiia
fiiiku to Fori St. Gcoyg(\ and from thence in a
Hiorr Time returned to E'lg.'diul in iUc If^illiiVnjln of
biiilon.

^^^^

\ f>: ' .»

,i.:' /

CHAP.

t !

* ;

' tl

i (•'•

1 20 The Country oj Achin defer ibed.

'Jn, 1688.

CHAP. VII.

The Country of Achin defer ibed : its Situatm

and Extent. Golden Mount, andtheneiihA

bouring IJlesofWsLy and Gomez ^^c. tnakmn

fevera/ Channels and the Road ^/ Achin. 1h\

Soil of the Continent ; Trees and Fruits j par\

ticularly the Mangaftan and Pumplc-nofe.l

Thetr Roots, Herbs, and T>rugSy the Herl;

Ganga or Bang, and Camphirc : the Tepm

of Sumatra, and Gold of Achin. TheBeaJhl

Fo'Ujly and Fifh. The People, their TemfiA

Habits, Buildings. City ^/ Achin, and Tradnl

The Husbandry, Fifhery, Carpenters andVly

ing Proes. The Money Changers, Coin ani

JVeights. Of the Gold- Mines. The AlerchanU

"■ji'ho come f^ Achm : and of the Chincie Cani^

or Fair. The wajhing ufed at Achin. A ChiJ

nefe Renegado. ^Punijhments for Theft au

other Crimes. The Government of Achin ; c|

the Giueen, Oronkcys^r Nobles ; andoi

the Slavery of the People. Th: State km

by the Eaftcrn Princes. A Civil IV ar hA

upon the choice of a new Queen. The A

and the other Englifh in a fright, upon J

feizure made of a Moor'j Ship by an Eimlili

Captain, The JVeather, Floods, and Heat

Achin.

BEing now arrived at Achin again, I think it noi
amifs to give the Reader feme fiiorc accouri
of what Obfervation I made of that Cirv and Coi r.j

\}ittnt of the Kingdom of hz\\m. Golden A/<?«»f. 1 2 1

This Kingdom is the largcll and beft p opIed^» k^'S^.
many fmall ones that arc up and down 'he Ifle^-'''V^*'

Imatra ; and it makes the North Well end of

t llland. It reaches Eaftward from that N. W.

iniof the Ifland, a great way along the Shoie,

iwards the Streights of Malacca^ for about 50 cr Oo

igues. But from Diamond point, which is about

Leagues from Achin, towards the Borders of the

gdom, the Inhabitants, though belonging to A'

v\ are in lefs Subjedtion to it. Of thefe I can fay

t little 1 neither do I know the Bounds of this

jngdom, either within Land, or along the Weft

dh That Weft fide of the Kingdom, is high and

ountainous : as is generally the reft of the Weft

aft of the whole Ifland. The Point alfo of Achin^

extremity of the Ifland, is high Land : but Achin^

, and the Country to the Eaftward, is lower,

t altogether deftitute of fmall Hills, and every

ihcre of a moderate, Heighth, and a Champion

iintry, naturally very fit tor Cultivation,

There is one Hill more remarkable than ordinary,

[pecially to Seamen. The Er/glijJj call it, the Golden

it : but whether this Name is given it by the
itives, or only by ilie R):7jilh^ I know not. *Tis
irthe N. W. end of the IHund j and Achin ftands
15 or 6 Mile from the Bottom of it. *Tis very
rge at the I-'oot, and runs up fmaller towards the
ead i which is raifed fo high, as to be {ttn at Sea
or 40 Leagues. This was the firft Land that we
iw coming in our Proc from the Niccbar IJlands,
lentioned in my former Voyage. The reft of the
nd, though of a good Heighth, was then undif-
rncd by us, fo that this Mountain appeared like an
and in the Sea •, which was the Reafon why our A-
mMalayms took it for PaiolVay. But tliat Ifland,
ouffh pretty high Champion Land, was invifible,
hen this Golden Mount appeared fo plain, though as
rdiftant us that Ifland.

Be-

4nf

1, "

S,',

i )

l:;l;
.f

■ f

'iv

4i . '/•■/.

i,;

4^! 11'!.'

T2i Road of \Qh\Y\,V,'WAyy V Gbmcz, P. Rond

An. i688. Befides what belong to Ach'tn upon tlie Conti
nent, there are ahb levera) Iflands under its Jurli
diction, moft of them uninhabited i and thcil
make the Road of Achin, Among them is this Pi
IVay, which is the Eadermoft: of a Range of Ifland
that lye off the N. W. end of Sumatra. It is all
the largeft of them, and is inhabited by mJ
fafbors, who are baniflit thither from AcIjui. \1
with the other Iflands of this Range, lye in a fciri
circular Form, of about 7 Leagues Diameter, ftj
Gomez is another large Ifiand about 2oMilc\Vd
from Pule TFay, and about 3 Leagues from the N.\^
point of Sumatra. Between Pulo Gomez and tiJ
Main are 3 or 4 other fmall Iflands • yet withCbJ
nels of a fufficient breadth between them, for SriJ
to pals through •, and they have very deep Watcj
All Ships bound *from Achin to the "Wedward,
Coming from thence to Achin, go in or out throug
one or other of thefe Channels ; and becaufe Sli
ping corhes hither from the Coaft of Surrat, onei
thefc Channels which is deeper than the reft, is d
led the Surrat Channel. Between Pulo Gancz aa
Pulo IVay, in the bending of the Circle, there ai
other fmall Iflands, the chief of which is cM
Pulo Pj)ndo. This is a fmall round high Ifland, nj
above 2 or 3 Mile in Circumference. It lies
moft in the extremity of the bending on the N.
part of the Circle, but nearer Pulo IVay than H
Gomez. There are large deep Channels on eiili
fide, but the moft frequented is the Channel on tj
"Weft fide. Which is called the Bengal Channel,
caufe it looks towards that Bay ; and Ships coniiij
from thence, from the Coaft of Coromandd, pafs
and out this way. Between Pulo IVay and the iTiJJ
of Sumatra^ is another Channel of 3 or 4 Lcig-f
wide : which is the Channel for Ships that go froj
Achln to the Streights of Malacca., or r.ny Coiinn
to the Eaft of thole Streights, and vice verfa, Tii'l

ry Soil herCy and ^ E. Cocker in Somcrrct. 1 2 ?

I good riding in ;ill tUisSemicircuhr Biy hetwjcn ^"^ »^^8*
telilanus c\nd Sufnaira : but the Rfjad fof all Shi^is ^'^'^"^
It come to yff^/w is near the Sumatra Shore, with-
lall the Ifiandfe. There they anchor at what di-
anccs they pieafe, according to the Monrc ms or
albns of tiic Year. There is a fmali> navigable
(ivf comes out into die Sea, by which Ship:; tran-
r>rt their Comaitxiifrts in fmaller Veflels up to the
fc. The Mouth of this River is 6 or 7 Leagues
bm Piiio Rondo^ and 7, or 4 from Ptdo IVaj^ and
tar as many from Pulo Gomez, The Iflands are
fttty high Champion Land, the Mold black or
[eliow., the 3oiL deep and far, producing large tall
frees, fit for many ufcs. There are Brooks of Wa- •
er on tlic two great Iflands of H^aj:i\-\d Gomez, and
everal forts of wild Animals ; efpccially wild Hogs
abundance, jud. : : ...'.":: J r

The Mold of this Continent is diflerent according
(othe natural pofuion cf it. The Mountains are
rocky, efpecialty thofe tr wards the Well Coaft,
fet mod: that I have feen feems to have a fuperfi-
tial covering of Earth, naturally producing Shrubs,
jfmall Trees, or pretty good Grals. The fmall
lills are mofl: of thpir* cloathed wlui V/ooJs •, the
'rets whereof feetn by their growth to fpring from
fruitful Soil :, The -Champion Land, fuch as I
bve feen, is fome black, fomc grey, fome reddifh,
md all of a deep Mold. But tc be very particular
(in thefe Tiiiiigs, tfpcciaiJv in : Jl my Travels, is more •
tnau I can pretend to : though it- may be I took as
|much notice of the difference of Soil as I met with
it, as inoft Travellers have done, having been bred
an my Youth in SomerSdiflnre^ at a place called Jlajb
[Uiv near Tcov'il or Evil : in which Parifli there
is a great Variety of Soil, us I have ordinarily met
Iwith any where, viz. black, red, yellow, fandy,
pony, clay, moral's or iwampy, &c. I had the
[more reafon to take notice of this, becaufe this Vil-

lage

■iv

:) ^'

■' ! If'

! iX

. >(

124 The Waters^ Woodsy Trees ^Fruits, 3cc.

-€». i688,lage in great mcafurc is let out in fmall Leafc!
for Lives of 20, I50, 40, or 50 Pound per An. m
der Coll. llelliar the Lord of the Mannor : and!
moft, if not all his Tenants, had their own Land
fcattering in fmall pieces, up and down fcveral fore
of Land in the Parifh : fo that every one had fomj
piece of every fort of Land, his black Ground, hii
Sandy, Clay, ^c, fome of 20, 30, or 40 Shilling
an Acre, for ibme ufes, and others not worth u
Groats an Acre. My Mother being pofTeft of onei
of thefe Leafes, and having of all thefe forts off
Land, I came acquainted with them all, and knei
what each fort would produce, {yvz.) Wheat, Barj
. ley, Maflin, Rice, Beans, Peas, Gats, Fetches,!
Flax, or Hemp : in all which I had a more than!
ufual Knowledge for one.fo young ; taking a par{
ticular delight in obferving it : but enough of this
Matter.

The Kingdom of Ach'in has in gc?neral a deep!
|s/Iold : It is very well watered with Brooks and!
fmall Rivers, but none navigable for Ships of Bur{
^ien. This of Ach'in admit? not- c^ any but fmalll
Vefff.ls. The I and is fome part very Woody, inl
other places Savannah •, the Trees are of divefsl
forts, moft unknown to me by Name. The Cot-I
|on and Cabbage-Trees grow iiere, but not in fuchl
plenty as in fome parr of America, Thefe Trees
eommonly grow here, as indeed ufually where-everl
they frrow, in a Champion dry Ground, fuch atl
^eall as is not dj owned or morafly •, for here is fomej
fuch Land as that by the Rivers •, and there \_
Mangrove Trees, and other Trees of that kindl
Neither is this Kingdom deftitute of Timber-Trees|
fit for building.

The Fruits of this Country are Plantains, Bo-I
nances, Guava's, Oranges, Limes, Jacks, Durians,
Coco-nuts, Pumplc-nofes, Pomgranatcs, Mangoes,!
Mangaftans, Citrons, Water-melons, Mufk-me-l

lOK.'

Ti6^ Mangaftan i7«^ Pumple-nofc. 125

ns,Pine Apples, (^c. Of all rhefe forts of Fruits, An. 16S8.
think the Mangaftan is without compare the n^.oft •^V'^-
clicate. This Fruit is in fhape much like the Pom-
rinate, but a great deal Icfs. The out fide rind or
ell is a little thicker than liiat of the Pomgranate,
t fofter, yet more brittle ; and is of a dark red.
he infide of the fliell is of a deep Crimfon Colour.
i'iihin this fhell the Fruit appears in 3 or 4 Cloves,
out the bignefs of the top of a Man's Thumb.
hefe will eafily feparate each from the other \
leyare as white as Milk, very foft and juicy, in-
lofing a fmall black Stone or Kernel. I'he out-
ide rind is faid to be binding, and therefore many
hen they eat the Fruit, which is very delicious,
10 liive the rind or fhell, drying it and preferving
it, to give to fuch as have Fluxes. In a fmall Book,
ntituled, A new Voyage to the Eajt-Lidies, there is
ention made of Mangaftans, among the Fruits of
axa : but the Author is miftaken, in that he com-
ires it to a Sloe, in (hape and tafte : Yet I remem-
r there is fuch a fort of Fruit at Aibhi j and be-
lieve by the defcription he gives of it, it may pro-
ably be the fame that he calls the Mangallan, tho'
othing like the true Mangaftan.
The Pumple-nofe is a large Fruit like a Citron,
.'ith a very think tender uneven rind. The infide
isfullof Fruit : It grows all in Cloves as big as a
mall Barley Corn, and thefe are all full of Juice, as
n Orange or a Lemon, though not growing in
kh Partitions. 'Tis of a pleaiant Tafte, and tho'
here are of them in other parts of the Eajl- Indies ^
ec thefe at ylchin are accounted the bcft:. They
re ripe commonly about Chrjjlmas^ and they are fo
uch efteemcd, that Erjgli/b Men carry them from
lence to Fort St. George^ aixl make Prclents of them
:o their Friends there. The other Fruits mentioned
ere, are mpft: of them defcribed by me in my firit
I'ol

ume.

The

'j'^' '

■i:h

>■ ! I

Am !

116 Rice. Ganga or Bang. Camphirc.

An. 168&. The eatable Roots of this Country nre Yroii
^^^^^ and Potatoes, (^<:. but their chiffeli: bread-kind J
Rice. The Natives have latc;Iy planted (om( Qiian]
tities of this Grain, and rrjight produce much nion
were they fo dilpofed, the J .and being To fVuitfuj
They have here :\ fort of Herb or Plant callcdGi^
ga^ or Bang, I never faw any but once, and thj
was at fome diftance from me. It appeared to mi
like Hemp, and I thouj^ht it had been Hemp, lij
I was told to the contrary. It is reported of tliij
Plant, that if it is infufcd in any Liquor, it wij
flupify the Brains of any Perfon that drinks Lhercofj
but it operates diverfly, according to the Conflitutil
on of the Perfon. Some it keeps fleepy, fome merj
ry, putting them into a Laughing-fit, and othert
it makes mad : but after 2 or 3 Hours they comj
to themfelves again. I never faw the Eifefts of i|
on any Perfon, but have heard much Difcourfe
it. What other ufe this Plant may fervc for
know not : but I know it is much efteemed here,
and in other Places too whither it is tranfportcd.

This Country abounds alfo with Medinni
Drugs and Herbs, and with variety of Herbs k
the Pot. The chief of their Drugs is Camphirej
of which there are Quantities found on this Ifland
but moil of it cither on the Borders of this King]
dom to the Southward, or more remote (till, with]
out the Precinds of it. This that is found on th
\{[2Lndi Sumatra is commonly fent to Japan tobei?|
fined, and then brought from thence pure,
tranfported whither the Merchants pleafe after!
wards. I know that here are feveral forts of Medii
cirial Herbs made ufe of by the Natives, who go of|
ten a fimpling, feeming to underftand their Virtue
much, and making great ufe of them : but thisi
ing wholly out of my Sphere, I can give no acj
count of them ; and though here are plenty of Pot|
Herbs, yet I know the Names of none, but Onion

Onions* Gold. Land- Animals. iij

iwhich they have great abundance, and of a very >^». 1688.

odforr, butlhiall. ^V^

[There arc many other very profirable Commo-
Jtieson this Iflaiui : but foine of ihcm are more
(coliar to other parts of it than /Lbin^ cfpccially

pper. All the Ifland abounds with that Spice,
[cept only this North Weft-end •, at leaft fo much

it, as is comprehended within the Kingdom of
^.n. Whether this defc6l is through tiie ncg-
kcnce or lazinefs of thcfe People, I know

jGold alfo is found, by report, in many parts of

|islfl;ind: but thi. Kingdom of ^icbb: is at prcfent

ait plentifully ftored with it. Neither does any

icc in the Eajt- Indites, that I know of, yield fuch

[iiiiuitics of it as this Kingdom. I have never been

'jdUViiy and therefore can make no Eftimate of the

[cK Riches of chat Kingdom ,• but here I am certain

lere is abundance of it.

The land Animals of this Country are Deer,
log;, F.Iephants, Goats, Bullocks, Buffaloes,
Ions Porcupines, Monkeys, Squirrils, Guanoes,
lizards, Snakes, <S)C. Here are alfo abundance of
[nts of fcveral forts, and Wood-lice, called by the
vM in the End- Indies \\f\\itt Ants. I'he Ele-
liaius that I faw here were all tame : yet 'tis re-
Drted there are fome wild •, but I judge not many,
[any at all. In fornc places there are plenty of
logs-, they are all wild, and commonly very poor.
[t Ibme times of the Year, when the wild Fruits
from the Trees, they are indifferent fat, or at
lait tlelhy : and then they are fweet and good : they
p very numerous •, and whether for that reafon, or
brcity of Food, it is very rare to find them fat.
[he Goats are not very many, neither are there
[any Bullocks : but the Savannahs fwarm with
luil'aloes, belonging to fome or other of the Inhabi-
fnts, who milk them and cat them ; but don't

work

#■

' - J

\' -^

s^<Y^

128 ne Fo-s:!s and Fijh. The Inhabit ant s.

-^^'^^8. work them, fo far as I faw. The Horfcs of;|
Country arc but fmall, yet fprightly j and fon
time s they are tr.iniporced hence to the Coaft of i
romandd. The Porcupines and Squirrels arc
counted good Food by the Englijh *, but how they:
cileemcd by the Natives I know not.

The Fowls of this Country are Dunghil FoJ
and Ducks i but I know of no other tame FoJ
they have. In the Woods there arc many forrsl
wild Fowls, viz. Maccaws, Parrots, ParakiJ
Pigeons and Doves of 3 or 4 forts. There
plenty of other fmall Birds •> but I can fay nothii
of them.

The Rivers ot this Country afford plenty of Fii
The Sea alfo fupplies divers forts of very good Fij
(viz.) Snooks, Mullets, Mudfifh, Eels, Stingraj
which I Hiall defcribe in the Bay o^ Campeacb^^Tl
pounders. Old Wives, Cavallies, Crawfifli, ShrimJ

The Natives of this Country are Malayam. Thj
are much the fame People with thofe of ^m
Jihore, and other Places on the Continent of JJ
lacca, fpeaking the fame Malayan Language, n
very little diftt rence : and they are of the faij
Mahometan Religion, and alike in their liaugh
Humour and manner of living : fo that they it\
to have been originally the fame People. T' v;
People of a middle Stature, ftraight, and ..
ped, and of a dark Indian Copper-Colour. Tl
Hair is black and lank, their Faces genera
pretty long, yet graceful enough. They have blal
Eyes, middling Nofes, thin Lips, and bLck Teetf
by the frequent ufe of Betle. They are very lazj
and care not to work or take pains. The poorer fa
are addifted to Theft, and are often punifliedf
verely for it They are otherwifc good-natured!
general, and kind enough to Strangers.

\ i

^Qfths, HonfeSy Food and City ^/ Achin. 129

.he better Sort oF them wear Caps fitted to their -«f». i638.
ids, of red or other coloured Woollen Cloath, ^-OP^^
( iiie Crown of a Hat without any Brims v for
mcof the Eajlern People ufe the Complement of
overing their Heads when they meet, as we do.
(the general Wear for all Sorts of People is a fmall
rban, fuch as the Miudanaiam wear, dcfcribcdin
1 2th Chap, of my former Volume, page 326.
ley have fmall Breeches, and the better Sort will
e a Piece of Silk thrown loofely over their Shoul-
s; but the Poor go naked from the Wafte up*
irds. Neither have they the Ufe of Stockings
Shoes, but a fort of Sandals are worn by the
tter Sort.

Their Houfes are built on Polls, as thofe of Mm-

m, and they live much after the fame Falhion :

t by Reafon of their Gold Mines, and the fre-

KntRcfoft of Strangers, they are richer, and live

greater Plenty. Their common Food is Kice, ^

the better Sort have Fowls and F'ifli, with which

Markets are plentifully flored, and fometimcs

ifaloes Flefh, all which is dreft vrry favourly with

pperand Garlick, and tintiurcd yellow with Tur-

lick, to make ir pleafmt to the Eye, as the

l-Iihiiaiis generally love to have their Food look

:llo\v : neither do they want good /Icban or Sau-

to give it c; K elifii.

The City of Achin is the chief in all this Kingdom.

islcated on the Banks of a River, near the N. W.

of the Hland, a.id about two Miles from the

. This Town confiils of 7 or Sooo Houfes, and

it there are always a great many Merchant-

ngers, viz. En^.ijb, Duub, Da.-it's^ Portiiguef'^

wy^, Giizarats^ &c. I'helloufes of this City are

nerally larger than tliule I fuw at Mindanao^ and

Iter furnilhed witli Houfnoid Gouds. The City

no Wails, nor fo much as a Ditch about it. Ic

^ great Number of Mofqius, g-jucrally P^uare

b'.iltj

\r- r IT

lillli

< f

The TradeSy Husbandry y fijhin^, I Fly'n^ Trc

I':!

t p

An. i6fl8 built, and covered with Pantile, but neither hij
U^V^Si' nor large. Kvcry Morning a Man made a grt
Nolle from thence : but I liiw no Turrets or %
pies, for them to climb up into for that PurpolV,
they have generally in Turky. The Queen has
large Palace here, built handfomely with StorJ
but I could not get into the Infidc of it. 'TisfaJ
there are lome great Guns about it, four of whid
are of Brafs, and are faid to have been fent hithJ
as a Prefent by our K. James the firfl. |

The chief IVades at /hbifi are Carpenters, Bhid
fmiths, Goldfmiths, Fifhermen, and Moncy-chi^
gers : but the Country -people live either on brw
ing Heads of Cattle, but mod for their own UfJ
or Fowls, efpecially they who live near the Ciivl
which they fend weekly thither to fell: others pba
Roots, Fruits, &c. and of late they have fown prrt
ty large F'ields of Rice. This thrives here wci
enough ; but they arc fo proud, that it is aga
their Stomach to work : neither do they themlclvj
much trouble their Heads about it, but leave iti
be managed by their Slaves : and they were
Slaves brought lately by the Engli/h and Batmiid
the Coaft of Coromandel^ in the Time of a Famiij
there, I fpoke of before, who firft brought :ll
Sort of Husbandry into fuch Requeft among the.j
cbiiiefe. Yet neither does the Rice they have this wi
fupply one Quarter of their Occafions, but they haj
it brought to them from their NeighbouringCoiir.tria
The Fifhermen are the richelt working Peoplfl
I mean fuch of them as can purchafe a Net ; \i
thereby they get great Profit •, and this Sort of li
ployment is managed alfo by their Slaves. In m
Weather you fliall have eight or ten great Bos]
each with a Sain or haling Net • and when they '
a Shole of Fifh, they ftrive to encompafs themwij
thefe Nets, and all the Boats that are near aff
each other to drag them alliorc. Sometimes tnfl

drii

i' !fi

>A'

Flrn^; Troes^ Jf^ovjen Money changers. 1 3 r

iwalho.. .lis way 50, 60, or 100 large Filh, as/^». 1688.
cr as a Man's l.cg, and as long : and then they rc-
lya- uiigluily, and Icamper about, making a great
iJout. The Fifli is preicntly fcnt to the Market in
e of their Boats, the rell looking out again for
ore. Thole who Hlli with Hook and Line, go
tin fmall Proes, with about one or two Slaves in
chProe. Tlielc alfo get good Fifh of other Sorts,
lich they carry Home to their Mailers.
The Carpenters ufe fuch Hatchets as they have at
hiLinao. They build good Houfes after their Fa-
ion : and they arc alfo ingenious enough in build-
g Proes, making very pretty ones, efpecially of
a[ Sort which are Flfm^-Proes \ which are built
ng, deep, narrow, and Iharp, with both Sides
ike, and Outlagcrs on each Side, the Head and
ern like other Boats. They carry a great Sail,
J wik-n the Wind blows hard, they fend a Man or
oto fit at the Fxtrcmity ot the Windward Out-
ger, to poife the VelTeJ. They build alfo fome
tiTels of 10 or 20 Tuns Burthen, to trade from
e Place to another: but I think their greateft In-
nuity is in building their Flying-Proes ; which
e made very fmooth, kept neat and clean, and
ill fail very well : for which Reafon they had that
"ame given them by the Englijh.
Tiieie are but few Blackfmiths in this Town,
ither are they very (kilfull at their Trade. The
oldfmiths are commonly Strangers, yet fome of
iAcbinefi themfelves know how to work Metals,
0' not very well. The Money-changers are here,
at Toriqum, moil Women. Thefe fit in the Mar-
ts and at Corners of the Streets, with leaden
oncy called Ca/h, which is a Name that is genc-
lly given to fmall Money in all thefe Countries i
I the Ca/b here is neither of the fame Metal,
r Valive with that at Tonquin ; for that is Copper,
dthisis Lead, or Block-Tin, fuch as will bend about

K 2 Che

»•'..

,1 /i

Q»

X 3 2 Coins y SummSy and Jf^eigpjts of Adiin.

^». ifj>8the Finger. They have but two Torts of Coin l
^■'^'^'^"^ tl^cir own j the Icall fort is tliis J .ciden MorJ
Ciill'd Cajh^ and *tis the fame with what ihcy c.il
Pcttics at Bantam. Of thefe, 1500 make a A//.J
which is their other fort of Coin, and is a fmall
Piece of Gold, flampt with Malayan Letters .
each Side. It is in Value 15 Pence Kn0.\ \
Mt'f^^ make a 'Trt/f', which here is 20 Shillings /•J
ii(hy 5 ^Inlc make 1 Bancaly a Weight fo called, an
20 Bancal make a Gi//y, another Weight. Butt?)
Gold Coin feldom holds Weight, for you fluill Ibmi
times have 5 'Tale and 8 Mefs over, go to ir.ake|
Pecul^ and tho' 1^00 Ca/b is the Value of a i^/
yet tliefe rife and fall at the Difcretion of the U\
ney-changers : for fometimes you fliall have ic
Ca//j for a Ali'fs : but they are kept ufually bctwejl
thefe two Numbers-, feldom Icfs than 1000,
never more than 1500. But to proceed with the!
Weights, which they ufe cither for Money or Good
100 Catly make a Pt'cul, which is 132 Pound I'l^i
Weight. Three hundred Catty is a Bahar, whicii[
396 Pound Fvgli/h Weight i but in fome Places,
at Bent'nil:^ a Bahar is near 500 EnglilJj Weigli
Spanijh Pieces of Eight go here alfo, and ihey
valued according to the Plenty or Scarcity of tld
Sometimes a Piece of Eight goes but for 4 Mtf^
fometimes for 4 and a half, fometimes 5 Meji

They coin but a fmall Quantity of their Golil
fo much as may ferve for their ordinary OccafiQ
in their Traffick one with another. But as the Md
chant, .when he receives large Summs, always takj
it by Weight, fo they ufually pay him unwroug
Gold, and Quantity for Quantity : the Mercb
chiife rather to receive this, than the coined Gold
and before their leaving the Country will dianj
their Alejfes for uncoined Gold : perhaps becaufel
fome Deceits ufed by tlie Natives in their Coicii

The Gold Mines of A chin.' ti%

fills Gold they i.dve tVoni fomc Mountain ^n- »^'88.
pretty way within Land from /Icbin^ hiic within "-^^V^*^
ifir Dominions, and r.ithcr near to the Weft Coaft
,n the Strcights of Malacca. I take Golden Mnunt^
ch I fpokc of before, to lye at no great Diilance
om that of riie Mines -, for there is very high Land
^thereabouts. I'o go thither tJiey fct out Haft-
ftrd, towards Pajjange Joncciy and thence flri:.'-' up
j[o the Heart of the Country. I made fome In-
Liry concerning their getting Gold, and was told,
[at none but Mahometans were permitted to go to
Ic Mines: That it was both troublefomc and dan-
irous to pafs the Mountains, before they came
lither ; there being but one way, and that over
Ich ileep Mountains, that in fome Places they
[ere forced to make ufc of Ropes, to climb up and
iDwn the Hills. That at the Foot of rhefe Precipices
Icre was a Guard of Soldiers, to fee that no uncir-
Jimcifed Perfon fhould purfue that Defign, and
io 10 receive Cuftom of thole that paft either for-
fcrd or backward. That at the Mines it was fo
ckly that not the half of thofe that went tlrther
td ever return agam ; tho* they went thither
nly to traffick with the Miners, who live there, be-
Ig fcafoned : that thefe who go thither Irom the
lity ftayed not ufually above 4 Months at the
lines, and were back again in about 6 Months from
(icir going out. That fome there made it their con-
iint Imployment to vifit the Miners once every
^ear: for after they are once feafoncd, and have
bund the Profit of that Trade, no Thoughts of
pger can deter them from it : for I was credibly
pld, that thefe made 2000 per cent, of whatever
leycarryed with them, to fell to the Miners: but
by could not carry much by Keafon of the Badnefs
' the ways. The rich Men never go thither them-
•Ives, but fend their Slaves: and if 3 out of 6 re -
lirn, they think they make a very profitable Jour-

K 3 ncy

^ '

ill'

134 The Goods brought hither from abroad.

'An. i688 ney for their Mafter, for thefe three are able to br
l^'VV; Home as much Gold as the Goods which all
carried out could purchafe. The Goods that ihci
carry thither are fome Sort of Cloathing, -nd y
quor. They carry their Goods from the City
Sea, part of the way : Then they land fomewhe:
about Paffangf. Jonca^ and get Horfes to carry thq
Cargo to the Foot of the Mountains. There thi
draw it up with Ropes, and if they have much Gooi
one flays there with them, while the reft march
the Mines with their Load •, and return again foi
the reft. I had this Relation from Captain T-i
who lived at j^chin, and fpoke the Language of
Country very well. There waa an Englijh Renegidi
that ufed that Trade, but was always at the Mim
when I was here. At his Return to Ach'in heco
ftantly frequented an Englijh Punch-houfe, fpcni
inghis Gold very freely, as I was told by theMafti
of the Houfe. I was told alfo by all that I ditcou
fed with about the Gold, that here they dig it
of the Ground •, and that fomctimes they find prei
ty large Lumps.

It is the Produ<5l of thcfe Mines that draws fi
many Merchants hither, for the Road is feldo
without 10 or 15 Sail of Ships of feveral Natioi
Thefe bring all fort of vendible Commodities,
Silks, Chints, Muzlins, Callicoes, Rice, ^c. ai
as to this lafl, a Man would admire to feewk
great Quantities of Rice are brought hither by tj
Engli/h^y Dutch, Danes and Chinefe : when any arj
rives, the Commanders hire each a Houfe topol
their Goods in. The Silks, Muzlins, Callicoes, Opi
um, and fuch like rich Goods, they fell to thcGsd
rats, who are the chief Men that keep Shops here
but the Rice, which is the Bulk of the Cargo, the;
ufually retail. I have heard a Merchant f^iy, heli
received 60, 70, and 80 /. a Day for Rice, when
has been fcarce ; but when there are many Seller

thti

\]\

The Guzurats, Brokers at Achin.

I3S

hen 40 or 50 Shillings worth in a Day is a good^»^i688.

Je: for then a Mefs will buy 14 or 15 Bamboes of
whereas when Rice is fcarce, you will not have
[bove I or 4 Bamboes for a Mefs, A Bamboo is a
1 leal'd Meafure, containing, to the beft of my
Remembrance, not much above half a Gallon.
[husit riles and falls as Ships come hither. Thofe
Iho fell Rice keep one conftancly attending to
reafure it out •, and the very Grandees themfelves
ever keep a Stock before hand, but depend on the
jllarkct, and buy juft when they have Occafion.
[hey lend their Slaves lor what they want, and the
oorer Sort, who have not a Slave of their own,
ill yet hire one to carry a Mefs worth of Rice for
jiiem, though not one hundred Paces fiom their
bwn Home;?, fcorning to do it themfelves. Befidcs
Ine to meafure the Rice, the Merchants hire a Man
take the Money •, for here is fome falfe Money,
Silver and Copper Mefs gilt over : Befidcs, here
|rc fome true Mcj's much worn, and therefore nor
lorth near their Value in Tale. The Merchants may
lllb have occafion to receive 10 or 20 /. at a
fip;.e For other Commodities \ and this too befides
liofc little Summs for Rice, he mud receive by liis
froker, if he will not be cheated •, for 'tis work
lough to examine every Piece : and in receiving
lie Value of 10/. in Mcjs^ they will ordinarily b^
)rc'd to return half or more to be chang'd j for
he Natives are for putting off bad Money, if pof-
[bly they can. But if the Broker takes any bad
loney, 'tis to his own L<)fs. Thefe Sort of Bro-
kers are commonly Guzurats^ and 'tis very neceifary
)r a Merchant that comes hither, efpecially if he
a Stranger, to have one of them, for fear of ta*
ting bad or light Money. *

The Eugli/h Merchants are very welcome here,
fnd I have heard that they do not pay fo much
'^'Jllom as other Nations. The Dutch Free-men

K 4 lii.iy

'i^

'i'

111" t^M:^

::i? lir

iMW vM

136 Chincfe Merchants, and Ch'in^ Camp.

'>». ifiSS.may trade hither, but the Company's Servants iJ
^^^'^'^^ deny*d that Privilege. But of all the Merchanj
that trade to this City, the Chinefe are the mod J
markable. There are Ibme of them live here \
the Year long -, but others only make annual VoJ
ages hither from China. Thefe latter come hithj
fome time in Jun/'., about 10 or 12 Sail, and brin
Abundance of Rice, and feveral other Commod
ties. They take up Houfes all by one another,
the end of the Town, next the Sea : and that en
cf the City is call'd the Ch'ipa Camp, becaufethd
they always quarter, and bring their Goods aftoj
thirhcr to fell. In this Fleet come feveral Mccii
nick^', (wz.) Carpenters, Joyners, Painters, y|
Thcf^ fet rhcmfelves immediately to work, makin
of Chells, DrawcTs, Cabinets, and ali forts of Ck
17"/} 7'oys : which are no fooncr finifli*d in thtj
Working-houfcs, but they are prefently fet up
Sliops and at tiie Doors to h\c. So that for tv
Months or ten Weeks this Place is like a Fair, fulh
Shops fluft with all fort of vendible Commo(
and People relbrting hither to buy : and as the
Goods fell off, fo they contraft themfelves id
lef^ Compafs, and make ufe of fewer Houfes. Ba
^ as their Bufmcfs decrcafes, their Gaming amon

themfelves increafes •, for -ji Chinefe, if he isnoti
work, had as li:!ve be wi:hout Vidluals as without Gj
, ming ; and they are very dexterous at it. If beto!^
t'leir Goods are all fold, they can light of Chapma
to buy their Ships, they will gladly fell them allb, i
Icraft fome of them, if a.-iy ?vlerchant will buy ;
11 Cbinepi is for felling every thing : and they wii
are fo ha[)py as to get Chapmen for their own Ship
will return a-; PafTengers with their Neighbour!
leaving their Camp, as 'tis call'd, poor and nakeJ
like other Parts of the City, till the next Yeaj
They com.monly go away about the latter end*
'>.eiHemher, and never fail to return again at the Sei

The AchlncCc Learning and Religion. 137

jn; and while ihey are here» they are fo much fol- ^n. i68s.
i,ffcd, that there is but little Bufinefs ftirring for the ^-^V^**
lerchants of any other Nations •, al! the Difcourfc
hen being of going down to the China C.imp. E-
Kn the Europeaiis go thither for their Diverfion ;
be Englijhy Dutch ^ and Danes ^ will go to '^rink
\it\r Hoc-ciu, at fome China Merchants Houft who
jllsit; for they have no tippling Houfes. Tjie Eu-
bw; Seamen return thence into the City drunk e-
jough, but the Chinefe are very fober them ft Ives.

The Achinefe feem not to be extraordinary good
It Accounts, :i5 the Banians or Guzurats a.re. 'i'hey
ndruft their Youth in the Knowledge of Letters,
Wnjan principally, and I fuppofe in fomewhat of
hbickf being all Mahometans. They are here, as

Mindanao, very fuperftitious in wafhing and
ileanfing themfelves from Defilements : and for

itRcafon they delight to live near the Rivers or
beams of Water. The River of y^chin near the
Lity is always full of People of both Sexes and all
igos. Some come on Purpofe to wafh themfelves,
or the Pleafure of being in the Water : which they

much delight in, that they can fcarce leave the
fc without going firlt into it, if they have any
Jufmefs brings them near. Even the Sick are brought

the River to wafh. I know not whether it is
ccounted good to wafh in all Diftem[)ers, but I am
ertain from my own Experience, it is good for
hofe that have Flux, efpecially Mornings and Isven-
jigs, for which Reaibn you fhall then fee the Rivers
iilleft, and more efpecially in the Morning. But
tie mod: do it upon a Religious Account; for there-
iconfifls the chief Part of their Religion.

There are but few of them refort daily to their
fUf^!{es ; yet they are all fliff in their Religion,
fid fo zealous for it, that they greatly rejoyce in
naking a Profjiyte. I was told, that while I was

' t.

'i' . ,

- »■ k

ll'#;W'^h

r«l

'%'

r s

• it

^'M

ii I

1 '

;i t

^•Y^^

X3S Chliitfc Renegado, Tunijhments,

'<An^^6%^'2Lt I'onquin, a Chinefe inhabiting here turnM from hi
""^ ' Paganifm to Mahometanifm, and being circumcife
he wa" thereupon carryM in great State through t;
City on an Elephant, with one crying before hi
that he was turn*d Believer. This Man was call
the Captain of the Chi^ia Camp -, for, as I was ii
formed, he was placed there by his Country-mei
as the chief Fador or Agent, to negotiate their A
fairs with the People of the Country! "Whether
had dealt falfly, or was only envied by others,
know not : but his Country-men had fo entangki
him in Law, that he had been ruin*d, if he had m
made ufe of this way to difingage himfelf ; and thei
his Religion proteded him, and they could ni
meddle with him. On what Score the two £«^li
Runagadoes turn'd here, I know not.

The Laws of this Country are very ftridl,, am
Offenders are punifhed with great Severity- Neithi
arc there any Delays of Juftice here ; for as fo
as the Offender is taken, he is immediately brougi
before the Magiftrate, who prefcntly hears the Mai
ter, and according as he finds it, fo he either ai
quits, or orders Punifhment to be inflided on i
Party immediately. Small Offenders are
whipt on the Back, which fort of Punilliment thi
call Chanbuck. A Thief for his firfl Offence,
his right Hand chopt off at the Wrift : for the {\
cond Offence off goes the other j and fometimes
Head of one of their Hands, one or both their Fa
are cut off •, and fometimes (tho* very rarelyj boi
Hands and Feet. If after the Lofs of one or bo
Hands or Feet, they ftill prove incorrigible, f(
they are many of them fuch very Rogues, and
arch, that they will fteal with their Toes, then thi
are banifh*d to Pulo Way^ during their Lives : aj
if they get thence to the City, as fometimes th
do, they are commonly fent back again j tho'foir.|
times they get a Licenfe to flay.

le great Flux ol
kfiie-, and I n

Maimed Banditti at Pulo Way. i jo

On Pulo IVci'j there are none but this fort of -^». i68».

itde : and tho' they all of them want one or both "'•^^V^^

nds, yet they fo order Matters, that they can

wvcry well, and do many things to admiration,

creby they are able to get a livelihood : for if

ley have no hands, they will get fomebody or o-

icr to fallen Ropes or Withes about their Oars,

as to leave Loops wherein they may put the

tnps of their Arms; and therewith they will

II an Oar luftily. They that have one hand can

well enough : and of rhefe you (hall fee a great

any even in the City. This fort of punif>iment

inflicted for greater Robberies -, bu^ for fmall pil-

(ring the firft time Thieves are only whipt ; out

bthis a Petty larceny is looked on as a great

rime. Neither is this fort of punifliment peculiar

the ^c/^/«^7^ Government, but probably, u fed by

|e other Princes of this Ifl and, and on the Ifland

'm alfo, efpecially at Bantam. They formerly,

[hen the King of Bantam was in his profperity,

epriv'd Men of the right hand for Theft, and may

Bl^r ought I know. I knew a Dutch-mdin fo

[rv'd: he was a Seaman belonging to one of the

ling of Bantam'^s Ships. Being thus punifhcd, he

[as difmift from his fervice, and when I was this

le at Achin he lived there. Here at Achin, when

member is thus cut off, they have a broad piece

" Leather or Bladder ready to clap on the Wound.

[his is prefently applyed, and bound on fo faft,

lat the Blood cannot ilTue forth. By this means

le great Flux of Blood is ftop*d, which would elfe

ffiie •, and I never heard of any one who died of

How long this Leather is kept on the Wound

[know not: but it is fo long, till the Blood is

peftly ftanched ; and when it is taken off, the

ods of Blood which were preft in the Wound by

[e Leather, pfcl all off with it, leaving the

|ound clean, Then, I judge, they ufe cleanfing

( . i

W'V

140 Empaling, Execution by fighting,

An. 1688. or healing Plaifters, as they fee convenient, and cur
^i^OP*^ the Wound with a great deal of eafe.

I never heard of any that fuffer*d Death foi
Theft. Criminals, who deferve Death, are executci
divers ways, according to the Nature of the Offenci
or the Quality of the Otiender. One way is by b
paling on a fliarp Stake, which paflTeth up riolii
from the Fundament through the Bowels, andcomi
out at the Neck. The Stake is ? bout the Bignefs
a Man's Thigh, placed upilgnt, one End in t
Ground verv firm ; the upper fharp End is aboui
12 or 14 Foot high. I* law one Man fpitted
this manner, and there he remained two or chn
Days : but I could not learn his Offence.

Noblemen have a more honourable Death ; the
are allowed to fight for their Lives : but the Nij
hers of thofe with whom they are to engage, fooi
put a Period to the Combat, by the Death of ti
Malefadtor. The manner of it is thus ; the Perfoi
condemned is brought bound to the Place of Exe
cution. This, is a large plain Field, fpacioui
enough to contain Thoufands of People. Thithei
the Achinefe^ armed as they ufually go, with ihfii
Creffet, but then more efpecially, refort in Troop
as well to be Spectators, as Adlors in the Traged
Thefe make a very large Ring, and in the niit;
of the Multitude the Criminal is placed, and b
him fucli Arms as are allowed on fuch Occafions
which are, a Sword, a Creffet, and a Lanci
When the Time is come to aft, he is unbound, ani
left at his Liberty to take up his fighting Weapon
The Spectators being all ready, with each Man hi!
Arms in his Hand, ftand llill in their Places, till
the MalefiiCtor advances. He commonly fees 01
with a Shriek, and daringly faces the Muldtudt
but he is loon brought to the Ground, firft
Lances thrown at him, and afterwards by thei
Swords and CrefTets. One was thus executed whii

I ^i

The General Slavery at Achin.

141

m there : I had not the fortune to hear of it till An. 16S8.
[was ended : but had this relation the fame even- ^*^^Y"^

ic was done, from Mr. Dennis Drifcal^ who was
^n one of the Spectators.

I This Country is governed by a Queen, under
hom there are 1 2 Oronkejs^ or great Lords. Thefe
in their feveral Precinfts with great Power and
luthority. Under tliefc there arc other inferiour
fticers, to keep the Peace in the feveral parts of
Qiieens Dominions. The prefent Shabander of
m is one of the Oronkeys. He is a Man of great-
knowledge than any of the reft, and fuppofed to
very rich. I have heard fay, he had not lefs
lan 1000 Slaves, fome of whom were topping
Merchants, and had many Slaves under them.
fid even thefe, tho' they are Slaves to Slaves, yet
jive their Slaves alfo •, neither can a ftrangcr eafily
now who is a Slave and who not among them :
^r they arc all, in a manner. Slaves to one ano-
W : and all in general to the Queen and Oron-
ty-y for their Government is very Arbitrary. Yec
pere is nothing of rigour ufed by the Matter to
Is Slave, except it be the very meaneft, fuch as do
]1 forts of fervile Work : but thofe who can turn
heir hands to any thing bcfides Drudgery, live
Ml enough by their indullry. Nay, they are
ncouraged by their Matters, who often lend them
loney to begin fome trade or bufinefs withal :
Vhereby the Servant lives eafie, and with great
wtent follows what his Inclination or Capacity
fts him for i and the Matter alfo, who has a fliare
the gains, reaps vht more profit, yet without trou-
ble. When one of thefe Slaves dies, his Matter is
ieir to what he leaves •, and his Children, if he
las any, become his Slaves alfo: ur.iefs the Father
)\it of his own clear gains has in his life time had
Ifherewithai to purchafe their Freedom. The
I'irkets are kept by thefe People, and you fcarce

trade

4K !,'

:\'.

.*'. ^

f^'^'y

■V,.

142 £lueeno/ Achin ami Oronkcy,

'An. 168? trade with any other. The Money-changers i[i
^"OT^ are Shives, and in general all the Women that vol
fee in the ftreets ; not one of them being tree. [
are the Fiflier-mcn, and others who fetch FirJ
wood in Canoa'^. from Puio Gomez., for thence thoij
of this City fetch moft of their Wood, tho' thtn
is fcarce any thing to be feen but Wood-; about th
City. Yet tho' all thefe arc Slaves, they have!
bitations or hoiifes to themfelves in feveral parts
the City, far from their Mailers Houfes, asifthi
were free People. But to return to the Shab:inlA
was fpeaking of, all Merchant Strangers, at thcj
firft arrival make their Entries with him, whi(
is always done with a good Prefent : and from lui
they take all their difpatches when they departl
and all Matters of Importance in General betwefi
Merchants are determined by him. It feems
have been by his Converfion and Acquaintance wiq
Strangers, that he became fo knowing, beyond tli
reft of the Great-men: and he is alfo faid tol
himfelf a great Merchant.

The Queen of ^^^i«, as 'tis faid, is always an oil
Maid, chofen out of the Royal Family. \\>,a|
Ceremonies are ufed at the chufing her I kno
ncit : Nor who are the Eleflors ; but I fuppo
they are the Oronke'js. After fhe is chofen, iheil
in a manner confined to her Palace ; for by repoi
Ihe feldom goes abroad, neither is (he feen by am
People of inferiour rank and quality; but only I
fc me of her Domefticks : except that once a Yc
fhe is dreft all in white, and placed on an ElephanJ
and fo rides to the River in ftate to walh her tf
but whether any of the meaner fort of People
fee her in that Progrefs i know not : for it is
cuftom of moft E.^ftern Princes to flcreen then
felves from the fight of their Subjedh: Or if thej
fometimes go abroad for their pleafure, yeti
People are then ordered either to turn their bacll

Ele[f'ton of a ne^-M ^een, 141

pw.irds them while they pafs by, as formerly at ^»- i^SS*
ti!:(iim, or to hold their Hands before their Kycs, ^^^ "^
I at SiiWi. At MlnJanao^ they may look on their
frinct: but from the higheft to the lowed they ap-
iroach him with the greatefb refpecl and venerati-
m, creeping very low, and oft-times on their Knees,
kith their Eyes fixt on him : and when they with-
bw, they return in the fame manner, creeping
ickwards, and ftil! keeping their Eyes on him,
lli[lieyarc out of his fight.

Bit to return to the Queen of Achin^ I think
1r. Ikdiiuit or Punhas^ makes mention of a King
ere in our King7^w<?5 1, time. B. at lead of la-
^r Years there has always been a Queen only, and
jit; En^lijh who re fide th'= "c, have been of the
^pinion that thefc People have been governed by a
|[uecn ab Origine \ and from the antiquity of the
rdrnt Conftitution, have formed Notions, that the
jiicen of Sbeba who came to Solomon was the
jueen of this Country : and the Author of an
JIdMap uf the World, which I have feen, was, it
[ems of this Opinion, when writing the old Hebrew
amts of Nations, up and down the feveral Parts
ttciently known of Europe^ Jjia, and Africa ^ he
lilts no other name in the Ifle of Sumatra^ but that

^k'ba. But be that as it will, 'tis at prefent part

it under a Queen, tho* fhe has little Power or
khoriry : for tho' there is feemingly abundance of
bed and reverence Ihewn Her, yet fhe has little
kore than the Title of a Sovereign, all the Govern-
lent being wholly in the hands of the Oronkeys.

While I was on my Voyage to Tonquin, the old
(ueen died, and there was another Queen chofen

iher room, but all the Oronkeys were not for that
[Iccnon ; many of them were for chufing a King.
[oar of the Oronkeys who lived more remote from
lie Court, took up Arms to oppofc the new Queen

and

iV^^K^^Bn

) fl^V

i •'"

/^^H^l

IIP

:,<

« 5;

144

A Civil IVar at Achin.

jin. 1688. and the reft of the Oronkeys^ and brought 5 or6 vj
i^n^\ Men againft the City : and thus Hood the State (
AlVairs, even when wc arrived here, and a goo
while after. This Army was on the Kafl-lide
the River, and had all the Country on that fiaj
and io much of the City alio, as is on that fide tJ
Rivei , under their Power : But t!ie Queen's PahJ
and the main part of the City, which llands on tn
V/eft-fidc, helil out ftoutly. Tht River is wide
fhallower, and more fandy at the City, than ani
where clfe near it : yet not fordablc at low Watcl
'I'hercfore for the better communication from oJ
fide to the other, there are Ferry-boats to carri
PaflTengers to and fro. In other places the Bani
are fteep, the River more rapid, and in moll pki
very muddy : fo that this place, jull at the City
felf, is the moll convenient to tranfport Men
Goods from one fide to the other.

It was not far from this place the Army lay,
if they defigner" to force their paflage here. Tl
Queens party, to oppofc them, kept a fmall Gua
of Soldiers jull a : the Landing-place. The k
bander of Achin h x\ a Tent fet up there, he beii]
tiie chief manager of her Aflairs: and for the mo
fecurity, he had 2 or 3 fmall brafs Guns of a Mi
Borr' planted by his Tent all the day, with thtj
Muzzels againll the River. In the Evening m
were 2 or 3 great Trees drawn by an Klephant. .id|
j^laced by the fide of the River, for a Bariici^
againll the Enemy : and then the Brafs Guns wei
drawn from the Sbabatjder*s Tent, which ftood nj
far from it, and planted juil behind the Trees,
the rifing Bank : So that they looked over the Tred
and they might fire over, or into the River, ii f|
Enemy approached. When the Barricado 4
thus made and the Guns planted, the FeTry-boif
pafled no more from fide to fide, till the nej
Morning. Tlicn you ihould hear the Soldiers d

pi7, accordin

The State of the IVar at Achin. 145

to each other, not in menacing Language, but '^»- »^8^,

"thofc who defircd Peace and ^^ietncfs, asking ^'^V^^'

nv they would not agree, why t)\ey could not

tot one Mind, and why they Ihould defire to kill

if another. This was the Tone all Night long ;

[the Morning as foon as Sun was rifcn, the Guns

L dniwn ag.iin to the Sbabandcr^s Tent, and the

k'cswcrc drawn afide, to open the PaflTage from

Side to the other : and every Man then went

fdpbout his Burincfs, as if all had been as quiet

fvcr. only the Sbahander and his Guard ftaid (till

their Stations: So that there was not any Sign

Wars, but in the Night only, when all ftood to

fir Arms : and then the Towns-people lecmed to

I in fear, and Ibmetirncs we fliouid have a Rumour,

St the Enemy v/ould certainly make an Attempt

I come over.

[While thefe Stirs laded, the Shahander Tent to
tiie Foreigners, and defired them to keep in
eirown Houfes in the Night, and told them, that
btcver might happen in the City by their own
Ifil Broils, yet no harm (hould come to them.
ptfome of the Port ugttefe, fearing the vvorft, would
ery Night put their richcft Goods into a Boat,
idy to take their Flight on the firll Alarm. There
kre at this Time not above 2 or 3 Englijh Families
J the Town, and 2 Englifi Ships, and one Dutch
ip, befides 2 or 3 Moors Ships of the Moguls Sub-
is, in the Road. One of the Engllfh Ships was
lied the I^ellr^ . , the Name taken from Nelle^
p Hills in B-.,'igJ^ as I have heard. She came from
: Bay of 5c?;;^^^/, laden with Rice, Cotton, &c.
I other was the Dorothy oi London, Captain 'n?^;^//
bmander, who came from Fort St Georgi\ and was
I'jnd to Bt^ncouli with Soldiers, but touched here,
Iwell to fell fome Goods, a^ to bring a Prefent to
Qaeen from our Eajl-India Company. Captain
r^'^.'/, according to cuftom went with his Prefent
^'oj,. II. L to

i.'

•^ i

Si'

III

j;m .

X46 dancing iromen, Bengal Btitttr.

Jn. 1 688. to the Queen, which (he accepted •, and compI;ir,J
' '^^ ' ted him with the iifual CiviHties of the Country)
for to honour liinn he was fet upon an Flrphar,
the Queen's to ride to his Lodgings, drcft in a.Vj
/j_y^;niabit, which fhc gave him \ and flu: fcnci;i
two Dancing Girls to Oiew him lomc l\Ulitnc thrd
and I faw them at his Lodgings that Evening, d:
cing the grcatcft Part of the Night mucli after lij
fame Manner of tlie Dancing-women of Mm
rather writhing their Hands and Bodies with fcvj
ral Antick Geliurcs, than moving much out of tj
Place they were in. lie had at this Time ab
twenty great Jars of Bengal Butter, made of Bulij
Joes Milk ; and this Butter is faid alfo to have L
or riog's Fat mixt with it, and rank enough in tli;
hot Countries, tho' much efteemed by all the A\
ncfc\ who give a good Price for it •, and our EiA
alfo ufe it. Each of the Jars this came in contaici
20 or 30 Gallons •, and they were fet in Mr.Dn J
Yard at Achin : What other Goods the Captj
brought I know not.

But not long after this he being informed t!J
the iMoors Merchants refiding here had carried oiii
great Treafure aboard their Ships, in Order toretjj
with it to Surrat^ and our Company having m
Wars with the great Mogul, Captain Thionit'w
Evening drew off all his Seamen, and feizedonoj
of the Moors Ships, where he thought the Treafof
was. The biggeft he let alone : She was a ^
that one Captain Cotiftant took in the Road ion
time before, and having plundered her, l.c gavel
to the Queen, of whom the Moors bought her agi
The Moors Merchants had fpeedy Notice of "
Adtion of Captain I'hwait^ and they prefcntly M
their Application to the Queen for Satisfaclion. Bl
her Affairs at this Time being in fuch a Pofture
I mentioned, by Reaf^n of their intelline Brci(
ihe faid Ihe could do nothing for them.

I \

A total Eilipfe of the Moon, 147

Itwrs II or 12 a Clock the next Day, bcfbrc wc^»i i<588.
Iho lived alhorc heard ot Captain 7'bwaiti Proceed- '^^W
js: but feeing the Moon hock to Court, and no'.
[flowing what Anfwcr they had from the Qiiecn,
I; polled off to the Ships tor Icar of being inipri-
hncd, as fome Englijh Men had been while I was at
Lpw, on the hke Score. Indeed I had at this
fim' great Caufe to be afraid of a Prifon, being
cic ot a Flux, fo that a Prifon would have gone
fir to have killed me : yet I think it fared not much
tucr with me, for the Ships I fled to aHorded me
ut little Comfort. For I knew no Man aboard the
(/5/'n', and could expedt no Comfort there. So I
nd the red went aboard the Neikgne, where wj
)jld more reafonably expeil Relief, than in a Ship
Lc came from England : For thefe which come lo
ing a Voyage, arejuft viduallcd for the Service,
nd the Seamen have every one their Hinted Allow-
oce, out of which they have little enough to fpare
Strangers.

But tho* there were Vi.'^uals enough aboard the

\dL'iree^ yet fo weak as 1 then was, I had more

lind to reil my felf than to cat : and the Ship was

peftered with Goods, that I could not lind a

[lace to hang up my 1 lammock in. Therefore it

cing fair Weather, 1 made a Shift to lye in the

oat that I came aboard in. My Flux was violent,

I (lept but little ; fo I hr.d the Opportunity of

bferving the Moon totally Eclipfed, had I b( ^n in

I Condition to obferve any Thing. As foon as I per-

:ived the Moon to be eclipfed, I gazed at it indeed,

illay, till it was totally obfcured, which was a

Iretty while : but I was fo little curious, that I re-

Jembred not fo much as what Day of the Mont a it

fas •, and I kept no Journal of this Voyage, i.s I

lid of my other, but only kept an Account of feve-

' particular Remarks and Obfervations as they oc-

fJned LO me. I lay three or four Days thus in this

L 2 ' Boat,

U%k^

i*'

m i

I •

.:i,

.IV

' ir

: »

•I ;t

iii ■'

1 4 « fTajhing for Fluxes. Tire.

jn i688.Boat, and the People of the Ship were fo kind as|
^•"Y'^ provide me with Neceflaries : and by this Time tl
Moors had got a Pafs from the Dutch Captain tJ
in the Road, for 4 or 500 Dollars, as I was d
told, and Captain T'hwait delivered them their Sh
again, but what Terms he made with them, Ikni
not. Tl\us that Fray was over, and we came aOio
again, recovered of the Fright we had been in.
a Ihort Time alfo after this, the Achinefe all agrei
to own the new Queen, and fo the War ended wiij
out any Bloodfhed.

I was perfwaded to walh in the River, MornLi
and Evenings, for the Recovery of my Health :
tho' it feemed Arrange to me before I tried it,
1 found fo much Comfort in the firll Trial, thai
conftantly applied my felf to it. I went into thel
ver till the Water was as high as my Wade, andi'
I (looped down and found the Water fo cool
refrefhing to my Body, that I was always loih|
go out again. Then I was fenfible that my Bon
were very hot, for I felt a great Heat within
which I found refrcfht by the cool Water. My Fo
was Salt-fifli broyled, and boiled Rice mixt wi
Tire. Tire is fold about the Streets there : 'tis t^ii
fower Milk. It is very cooling, and the Salt
and Rice is binding : therefore this is thought t!ij
the proper Food for the common People, wif
they have Fluxes. But the richer Sort will have]
gOy which is brought to jlchin from other Countri
and Milk of Almonds.

But to return to the State of Achin: before 1 1
off from it I Ihall add this fhort Account of the!
fons of Year there, that their Weather is muchi
fame as in other Countries North of the Line,
their dry Seafons, Rains, and Lr.nd-floods coj
much at the fame Time, as at T'onquinind other Pli
of North Latitude. Only as Achin lies within af
Degrees of the Line, fo upon the Sun's crofling

Rains and Floods at A chin.

149

nein March, the Rains begin a little fooner there -rf*- 1688«
ii^ Countries nearer the Tropick of Cancer ; v^Y^w
when they are once fet in, they are as violent

ere as any where. I have feen it rain there for
jor 3 Days without Intermiflion •, and the River
Ling but a fhort Courfe, its Head not lying very

within Land, it foon overflows , and a great part

the Street of the City, fhall on a fudden be all
Ider Water ; at which Time People row up and
jittn the Streets in Canoas. That Side of the City

vards the River efpecially, where the Foreign
lerchants live, and which is lower Ground, is fre-
tently under Water in the wet Seafon ; a Ship's
ong-boat has come up to the very Gate of our Eng"
iFaftory laden with Goods ; which at other Times
(Ground dry enough, at a good Diftance from the
fiver, ind moderately raifed above it. I did not
y the Heat there any Thing different from other
laces in that Latitude •, tho' I was there both in the
EC and dry Seafon. *Tis more fupportable than
|fj/;^«f;/ -, and they have conftantly the Refrefli-
cnt of Sea and Land-Breezes every 24 Hours.

! n-i

L 3

tjp *^ »jj>

CHAP.

3 ;

.1 r

'.t

i.^

ISO

An. i683.

The Author goes aboard again.

i' '

(■-•'

, !

CHAP. Vlll.

The Author prepares to go for Pegu. Am
others a Shtp arrives here from Merga/i
Si am. Of the Ma(facre of the Englidi thi
Hts intended Cargo for Pegn. The arrk
of other Hnglifh Men from the City of Siai
The Author fets out for Malacca infieadi
Pegu. They are becalmed, and foon after k
great danger of running aground, 71.
Coaji of Sumatra /rtf«/ Diamond Tointtoti
River Dilly. They water there and at Full
Verero ; where they meet a Ship of Dan
and Moors from Trangambar. Pulo Arii
and Pulo Parfclorc, a life fid. Sea-mark to
"void Sholes near Malacca Shore, The A\
thor arrives at Malacca Town* The Tn
and Its Forts defcribed: the Conqtteji of
by the Dutch, from the Portuguefe. Chimi
and other Merchants refiding here. Tki
of F/efh and Fijh ; the Fruits and Jnm
The Shabander, State of the Trade,
Guard- Ships. Opium, a good Com
among the Malayans. Rattan Cables. U
prepare for their return back to Achin.

AS foon as I was pretty well recovered, I w|
Ihipt Mate of the Sloop that came from M
lacca with us, which Mr. VFdls had fold to Capnij
^yler^ who lately came from Sia7n : and 1 was Icj
aboard to take Poflefrion of her, about the Begii
nir^g of Md'j^ iG?<^, He who was defif^ncd ro con

The Cargo intended fer Pegu.' 151

;:.ndher came to Ach'in Mate of the ISIellegrec ; andwf». i688.'

\t were now to go to Pcgu^ but before the Middle U^^Y^nJ
YJune he left the Employ, being fick, and loth to
Lat this dead Time of the Year to Pegu^ becaufe
KeWcfterly Wind was fct in ftrong, and the Coaft
\{ Pegu is low Land, and wc were both unacquaint-
on the Coaft. I was then made Commander,

nd lOok in Goods in Order to depart for that Coaft.
'•1 the mean time Mr. Coventry arrived in his Ship
^om the Coaft of Coromandd laden with Rice, and

imall Velfel belonging to Capt. 'Tyler came alfo
(rem Merga much about the fame Time.

This lali Ship had been at Merga a confiderable
be, having been feized on by the Siatnites^ and all
iic Men imprifoned, for fomc Difference that hap-
ped between the Englifi and them. Neither was a
rrifon then thought hardUfage by them, for during
leHavock was made of the Englijh there, many ct
hole who lived at Merga were mafiacred. Thofc
I'howere imprifoned, were kept there till all the
biMj who lived at the City of Siam^ on the other
^ide of the Kingdom, withdrew from thence ; and
itlicn thefe Men had their Liberty reftored alio, and
pir Ship givei them, but no Goods, nor Satisfadi-
pntor their Loftes, nor fo much as a Compafs to
bring with them, and but little Provifion. Yet
|icre they fafely arrived, this being a better Ship
lat I was gone aboard of, Captain Tyler immcdi-
iitely fitted her up for the Sea, in order to fend her

By this Time my Vefiel was loaden, and my Cargo
^as eleven thoufand Coco-nuts, five or fix hundred
^Uight of Sugar, and half a dozen Chefts of Drav^ crfj
^l Japan work, two were very large, defigned for a
iVelcnt to the King. Befides this, Capt. I'lJer, for fo
^'^ ufed to call him, tho' he was only a Merchant,
-I'd he intended to fend a good Quantity of Gold
t'licher, by which he expelled to gain 6c <^ 70 per

Ccut ',

:f' *■'

' l«

? H

'rK

■i

1
1

1 ■)

1 ■

;, * I

''l2 ■
^1 :

1 1'

'fill

4 1

'll*

^;til

V. si

1 ||U 1

:|'

iff

■|1 i'

:ji

;l ^

■ilij!

'■- 1* \

'jii'i I ukilili

♦ ■,- ■

l'^'*:

M if.

jil, ! V liMl'

|\v y pi

' 1 1

1 ■ ' , ;

'f 1 '

¥ 1

.ali

152 Gold and Nutmegs for Pegu.

An 16%^. Cent •, for by Rcporc the King of Pegu had latelJ
^'^"^'^^ built a very magnificent Pagoda^ and was gildinJ
it very richly with Gold : bcfides he was making 1
large Image of Mafly Gold for the chief Pai^i o|
this Temple, By this Means Gold was rife; in in
Value here : and Jchirt being a place abounding i]
that Metal, much of it had already been fent tkij
rher from hence, and more was going in other Veff
fels, belonging to the Moors of Jchi»y befide \v!ia|
Captain Tyler defigned to fend.

It was now about the Middle of ^ugujl ; and

tho' I was ready to fail, yet I was ordered to fta]

for Captain Tyler* s other Veflel, till fhe had takeS

in her Lading, which was daily fent off. Her Carl

go alfo was Coco-nuts, and fhe had about 8oj

^000 already aboard : when I received an OrdJ

from Captain Tyler to hale aboard of her, and piij

all my Cargo into her •, as alfo all my Water-cas'J

and whatever elfe I could fpare that tney wanted j

but withal he defirtd me to be fatisfied, and [di

me I fhould in a fhort Time be fent to Sea : butthi

Ship be'ag the biggeft, he thought it more convtj

nient to difpatch her firft. I prefently did as I wjj

ordered •, and finding that I fhould not go this Vojj

age, X fold alfo my fmall Cargo, which confiftei

only of fome Coco-nuts and about 100 Nutmeg

which had the Shells on as they grev/ on the Tree;

I bought all that I could meet with in the Town

and paid about 3^ a piece, and expelled tohai-j

had 11 d. z. Piece for them at Pegu^ where they an

much efteemed if the Shells be on, for dk tlit]

don't value tlicm.

About this Time the George, a great Englifi Sliil
belonging to one Mr. Dalton^ arrived here from trj
City ofSiam, coming thro' the Streights of Maki
He had been there fome Years trading to ar.d tro|
and had made very profitable Voyages : but thel
devolution that hapned there by the Death oh^

Englifh returned from Siam.' 153

IV, and the unhappy fate of my Lord Falcon^ An. i68t.

uled the Englifh to withdraw from thence. The ^^OTNi

with were all fent away fome Months before, being

t fuffered to flay in the Kingdom : but before

sShip came from thence, the Broils of State were

ivcri for the new King being fettled, all Tumults

commonly arife in thefe Countries at the

ifath of the King, were appeafed. The Englijh

ere then de fired to ftay there, and thofe who had

elded up their Places and Offices, were even in-

ted to accept them again, for they owned that

ey had all ferved the Nation faithfully. But not

ng before the Revolution, the Governor of For/

I George fent for all the Englijh from thence par-

Dcularly, and from the Service of all other Indian

princes, to come and ferve the Eaft-India Company

(tthe Fort, or where elfe they Ihould fend them.

for that Keafon they all came away with Mr. DaU

b;;, and he, in kindnefs to his Country-men, rc-

ufed to take in Goods or Freight, becaufe he would

lave room enough for their Paflage, and their

loufhold Goods : for here were fomc Families (rf"

l^len, Women and Children.

They were a long time coming from Siam to

iihin^ becaufe they came againlt the Monfoon;

id in their Paflage they touch*d at Malacca^ and

Irhen they arrived at Achln^ Mr. Dalton went afhorc

|nd hired an Houfe, as did alfo mod of his Paffen-

lers: and among the rcil Captain Minchin, who

lad formerly ferved the Eajl-India Company at

prrrt/, but on fome diiguft left that Place and

ame to Simn. There he was made Gunner of a

r'orr, and maintained his Wife and Family very

Ijellin that Employ, till the Revolution there, and

Companies orders came and called him from

^lence. He being now deflitute of Employment,

k Merchants there thought of making him Com-

nander of the V^iTd that I was in.

becaufe Cap-
tain

■\:

■!. !l

i{ i

i* i

154. T^e A. goes for xMalacca.

>». 1688. tain ^'jler was minded to fell part of Her. Accon
^^^V\^ ingly they met about it, and the Veflei was divid
into four Parts, three of which were purchafedbi
Mr. Dallon, Mr. Coventry, and Ca,\^t. Mimhin, 2a
Captain Tyler kept the 4th. The next Day Capi
i Miuchin came on with an order to me to delivi
him the poffelTion of the Ship, and told me, tl
if I liked to go his Mate, I might ftill keep
board till they liad agreed on a Voyage. I %
forced to fiibmit, and accepted a Mate's Emplo!
under Captain M'mchin. It was not long before w
were ordered for Malacca to buy Goods there. W
carried no Goods with us, befides 3 or 400 pouni
of Opium.

. It was about the middle of Seplemher, 1689, whi
we failed from Achin. We were four white Men
the Veffel, the Captain, and Mr. Coventry, vl
went Supercargo, my felf and the Boatfwain. Fi
common Sciimen we had 7 or 8 Moors: andgeni
rally in thefe Country Ships the White-men are
■Pfficers. Two Days after we left Jchin, bei
becalmed under the Shore, we came to an Anc
.Not long after a Ship coming in from the Sc
ward, came to an Anchor about 2 Mile a-head
us. Mr. Coventry knew her to be a Danijh Ship
-longing to 'Trangambar \ and therefore we hoifti
out our Boat, and thought to have fpoken w
;her : but a fmall Breeze fpringing up, they weighi
their Anchors and went away ; neither would tb
ipeak with us, tlio* we made figns for them to h\
We weighed alfo and jogg'd on after then, bi
they failed better than we. We met little ^Vlnl
and Calms, fo that it was feven or eight Dayii
ve got as far as Dianiond-point, v;hich is about lo;i
leagues from Achin.

Being about four leagues fi^iOrt of that PoinL,C

tain Mtnchin defired me to fet,the Land, andwiif^

.prick the Card, j^nd fee what Coiirf» \v« ougi;:

Thev are in danger of Ship^wrecL 155

ifcp all Night •, for it was nov/ about 6 a-Clock, ^». i6?3.
ndwe had a fine gale at W. S. W. our courfc yet ^
ting E. S. E.

After I had fet the Land» I ^^ent into the Cab-
L to look over the Draught to fee what courfe
V miift fteer after we came about the Point. Mr*
Intntry followed me, and when I had fatisfied my
{if, he asked me what courfe we mult ftcer? I
old him E. S. E. till 12 a-Clock, if the gale flood,
nd then we might hale more Southerly. He
fmcd to be flartled at it, and told me, that the
aptain and he had been pricking the Card, and
nought that S. E. or S. E. by S. courfe would do
til at 8 a-Clock. I faid it was a good courfe to
unafliore ; he argued a long time with me, but I
erfifted in my Opinion, and when I 'old Captain
ihihin of ray Opinion, he was well fatL tied. Pre-
}nd f a^rer this we had a pretty llrong Tornado out
jftLeS. W. which obliged us to hand our Top-
When the ftrefs of the weather was oVer,
[e fet our fails again, and went in to Supper, and
rdered the Man at Helm not to come to the
D'jthward of the E. S. E. We flayed in the Cab-
in till about 8 a-Clock, and then we came out to
[: the Watch. Ic was now very dark, by reafon
Thunder-Cloud that hung rumbling over the
Land: yet by the flafhes of lightning we plainly
|w the Land, right a-head of us. 1 wai much
prprizcd, and ran into the Steeridgc to look on
Compafs, and found that we were fleering S.
,E. inflcad of E. S. E. I chiot the Helm a Star-

oard, and brought h'jr to N. E. by E. and N. K.
ndve very narrowly efcap'd being call away.
When we firft went to Supper we were :; leagues
p' Land, and then l*^. S. E. was a good courfe,
K Landlyin^^ F. S. E, parallel with our courfe.

'r<^ ; .

V!l

:,i.

But

I- 'I * '

f i;

■: h •

156 Rher Dilly. Frefh Water at Sea.

An. 1688. But then the Man at Helm miftaking h!s Com.
"^^'^^^^^ pafs fleer'd S. S. E. which runs right in upoc
the Shore. '. believe we had al<b fome counter
current or -de that Iie'p'd u- in, for we wen
quickly get 11. to a Bay witnin the points 0'' Lam
So that 'tw now abiblutely necefiary to fte
Norrl\erly tr ^ct out of the Bay ; ai.d by this ti
Mr. -Vv«;r^ was fatisfied v'.h what I told him
the Evening, and was convinced of his Error.
undertook to dired the iVIan at Helm, and the Wm
continuing, I kept off till ten a-Clock : then 1 ilea
cd H,. .^. E. till 12, and then haled up S. S. E. am
in the Morning we were about 4 leagues S. E. froi
Diamond-point, and about 3 leagues to the North 01
an Ifland.

The Land from hence lying S. S. E. we fteerei
fo ; b'lf meeting with calms again, wj anchorei
feveral tim^s befo'*'^ we came to the River
Dilly, which is 28 leagues from Diamond-point, Th
Land between feems to be uneven, moft of it prcD
ty high, and very woody : and 'tis faid that all thi
Country, as far as the River Z)///), is under tlii
Queen of Achin.

About a League before we came to that Riverj
being within 2 Mile of the Shore, we faw the Watei
of a muddy grey Colour, and tafting it, found itD
be fweet. Therefore we prefently filled fome
our Water Cask; and 'tis an ordinary thing
feveral places to take up frefh Water at Sea, agai
the mouth of fome River where it floats above ''
Salt-water : but we muft dip but a little way down
for fometimes if the Bucket goes but a foot dei
it takes up Salt-water with the frelh.

In thi; Evening we had a fine Land Breeze, wii
which we ran along the Shore, keeping on
"wind, and founding every now and then. At 1
we were got among the Sholes, at the mouth of tlial
River, and puzled to get out again. I he Ri-'s

Pulo Vcrcro. 3hip from Trangambar. r 57

in Lat. ^ d. 50 m. N. Itfcems u be very large, ^» i688.
Du: it is not well known, but only to the Natives
iho inhabit iti and they are not very ''ociable i but
jf, by Report, a Sort of Pirates Hvi. ; on Rapine.
In the Morning we law a Sail ftai. ^« ig off to an
[(land called Pulo Verero^ ^X'-'g ^^ Lat. 3 d. 30 m.
(\i, fcven Leagues from the Mouth of the River DU-
We having a fair Wind, Hood after them, in-
tnding there to wood and water at Pulo Verero. For
hough we took no frefh Water the Evening before
|)uc of the Sea, yet at the River of 'Dill'j it was
trackiili : for tho' the frelh Water is born up by the
Rait, and might ' ^ntire without Mixture, yet by
blunging of the B' i>:k fomewhat too low, we niighc
probably take ■.^^ {0. ..• of the Salt water with it.
They came to .. A .chor about two or three a-Clock

the Aftcrncon bat the Wind flacken'd, and ic
kas eight a-C ^k ^t Night before we came thither.
RVe anchored uouut a Mile from them, and prefent-
Ivhoyfed out our Boat to go aboard : for we judged
jhat this was the Daniftj Ship, that we faw when we
fame firft from Achin. I wnt in the Boat, becaufe
\\\. Coventry told me, that Mr. Coppinger was Sur-
geon of her, the fame Perfon who was with me in

Boat when I was fet afhore at the Nicobar Ifles,
kwas not fuffered to (lay with me. Mr. Coventry
rasnow in the Boat with me, and we went and ha-
ed tile Ship, asking whence fhe came ? and who
m Commander ? They anfwered, they were Danes
Tom 1'rangambar, for 'twas the Ship we took it

be. Then they alkt who we were ? I anfwered

lift) from Achin, and that Mr. Coventry was in
he Boat, but they would not believe it till Mr. Co-
\mtry fpoke and the Captain knew his Voice: nei-
fher did they till then believe we were Friends i for
tiey had every Man his Gun in his Hand, ready to
ire on us, if we had gone aboard without haling,

Mr. Coventry would have done, in Confidence

that

ll'C

U-

;lr 't»t ;

I 'J

> i|

t. ;.

■} ;

15«

P. Arii. P. Parfclorc:

■ffl

,t!l,

'jift. 1688 that they knew him, had not I difTwaded him. Fi
^^'V^^ it feems they were cxtrcamly afraid of us, injoniui
that the Commander, feeing us follow them ini
Morning, would not have touched at thefe Iflini
thouf^h he was in great want of Water; and.,
not his Black Merchants fallen before him onth
Knees, and even prayed him to take Pity on theo
they had not anchored here. Thefe Merchii
were Inhabitants of 1'rarigambar on the Coaft ot Ci
romandcl. They having no Ships of their owi
when the Danes fit out a Ship, on any Voyage t!
they are inclined to, thefe Mnon aic obliged tojo^
Stock with them, and they lirft make an Offer of
to them as a Kindnefs : and the Moors being gcL
rally defirous to trade, frequently accept ot it
moll on any Terms: but fhould they be unwillini
yet dare they not refufe, for fear of difobliging
Dancs^ who are Lords of the Place. In this Sii
found Mr. Coppenge'-: and he was the firft that I
ittn of all the Company that left me at the ISai^
■ Iflands. 1 he next iVlorning we filled our Water ai
weigh'd again \ the Vane being gone a lirr'i befoi
He was bound to Jihore^ to load Pepper, buti
tended to touch at Malacca^ as moil Ships dotl
pafs thefe Streights. He alfo failed betier tlian
and therefore left us to follow him.

We ftood on yet neareft to the Sumatra Shore,
we came in Sight o[ Pub Arii^ in Lat. 3 d. 2 m.
Thefe are fcveral Iflands lying S. E. by E. ' Eail
ly {vom Pido Verero about 32 Leagues diftant. Thi
Iflands are good Marks for Ships bound thro'
Streights : for when they bear S. E. at 3 or 4 Lcagi;
Diftance, you may (leer away E. by S. for the/
lacca Shore, from, whence you then may be al
20 Leagues. The firft Land you will fee is Pulo P.t
lore, which is a high peeked Hill in the Cound
on the Malacca Coaft : which ftanding by it
amidft a low Country, it appears like an I

thoiii

Shoals OH the Coaft of Malacca.' 159

iQiigh I know not wlicthcr it is really one ; for it ^"' ^•'^'^^
[r.dilbmc Miles within the Shoar of the Continent '-''''WJ

Miildicn. It is ;i vt-ry remarkable Hill, ami the
jily Sea-mark for Scanicn to guide tlicnilclvcs
[rouf^h certain Sands that lye near the Main i and

it is thick hazy Weather, and the Mill h ob-
tur'd, Pilots, unlefs they are very knowing in the
Djndings, will hardly venture in : for the Channel

not above a I-caguc wide, and there arc large
f.oals on each Side. Thefe Siioals lye ten Lea^^ucs
loiii P«/y ^^n/, and continue till within 2 or 3 of
\zMii!ciiia Shoar. In the Channel there is i ?. or

Fathom Water, but you may kc?p 7 or 8 Fathom
I cither Side •, and founding all the Way, you may
afs on without Danger.

Wc had a good Gale at Wcfl, which brought us
iSi^ht ot Pitlo Parfalore : and fo we kept founding
ill we came within the Shoar, and then we had
Y'Yowno^ Malacca about iS Leagues diftant from
\, to the S. E. and by E. Being Ihot over to the
idiic(a Shore, there is a good wide Channel to fail
L you having the Shoals on one Side, and the
lind on the other -, to which laft you may come as
|gh as you fee convenient, for there is Water
Dough, and good anchoring. The Tide runs pret-

flrong here ; the Flood fets to the Eaftward, and

h Ebb to the Weft : and therefore when there is

pie Wind, and Ships cannot ftcm the Tide, tliey

Dir.monly anchor. But we being in with the Ma-

(((i Shoar, had a v/efterly Wind, which brought

befure Malacca Town, about the Middle of Otlo-
[>••, and here I firft heard that King V/iljam and
lueen Marj were crowned King and Queen of Eng-
}iii The Da7je that left us at Pulo Vcrcro was not
et arrived: for, as we afterwards underftocd, they
Duld nor find the way thro' the Sands, but were
Jrced to keep along without them, and fetch a
[reatCompafs about, which retarded their Falfage.

Alalacca

* f

'I fr

ii "

160
Am, 1688.

%\\

Malacca Tcjun and Fort defcrib'd,

Malacca is x pretty large Town, of about ?. or vj
Families of Dunh and Portngurji'^ many of wli
are a mixt Breed between thofc Nations. Th-r;
arc alio many of the Native Malayans inlubitiii';
fmall Cottages on the Skirts of the Town. TM
Dutch Houfes arc built with Stone, and the Strecj
arc wide and (Iraight, but not paved. At the Xord
"Well of the Town there is a Wall and Gate
pafs in and out : and a fmall Fort always guardc
with Soldiers. The Town ftands on a level Ion
Ground, clofc by the Sea. 'I'he Land on thcBadJ
fide of the Town feems to be niorafly, and on thj
Wcft-fidc, witliout the Wall, there are Gardcmol
Fruits and Herbs, and fome i^^r Dutch Houfes: ba
that Qijarter is chiefly the Habitation of the MilA
ans. On the Eafl-fide of the Town, there is a fmi
River which at a Spring-Tide will admit fmall Bark
to enter. About 100 Paces from the Sea tkrc
a Draw-bridge, which leads from the midft ol [u\
Town to a ftrong Fort, built on the Faft-fideofi
River.

This is the chief Fort, and is built on a low level
Ground, clofe by the Sea, at the Foot of a little (teeJ
Hill. Its Form is femicircular, according to M
natural Pofition of the adjacent Hill. It fronu
chiefly to the Sea, and having its Foundation oj
firm Rocks, the Walls are carried up to a goo
Height, andof a'confiderable Thicknefs. The low!
er Part of it is walTied by the Sea every Tide. Of
the Back of the Hill, the Land being naturally lowj
there is a very large Moat ut from the Sea to tli
River, which makes the whcJe an Ifland j andthil
back Part is ftockadoed round with great Treca
fet up an end : fo that there is no entring wheij
once the Draw-bridge is haled up. On the Hil
within this Fort ftands a fmall Church big enougl
to receive all the Towns-people, who come hither oi
Sundays to hear Divine Service : and on the M J

Rife and Fall of th6 PortuJUcfc in Indij. i6i

eyoiul the Fort, the Malayafis are alfo fcatcd cJofc -^»^i<^S8«
djr die Sea.

The lirll Europeanj who fettled here were the
forlu^ueje', I'hey alfo built the great Fort: but
whether they moted round the Hill, and made an
Jjnd of that Spot of Ground, I know not, nor
^hat Chiirges have been bellowed on it fince to
n;ike it dcfcnceable ; nor what orhrr Alitrations
avc been made •, but the whole Building fcems to

pntty ancient, and that Part of it which fronts

me Sea, was in all Probability, built by the For-
Ur/^i for there are Hill the Marks of the Conque-
3'jrs ihot in the Walls. It is a Place fo naturally
irong, that I even wonder how they could be
eaten out : but when I confidcr what other Places
jiey then lolt, and their Mifmanagcmcnis, I am
lie lefs furprized at it. The Portuguefe were the
fit Difcoverers by Sea of the EaJl-IndieSy and had
Hereby the Advantage of Trade with thefe rich

y}.nn People, as alfo an Opportunity, thro' their
^eakncfs, to fettle themfclves where they plcafed.
fhercfore they made Settlements and Forts among
kern in divers Places of hidia^ as here for one : and
erfuming upon the Strength of tlieir Forts, they
fultcd over the Natives -, and being grown rich
|ith Trade, they fell into all Manner of Luofenefs
^d Debauchery j the ufual Concomitant of Wealth,
^d as commonly the Fore-runner of Ruin. The
htui:ii'f'z,t this Place, by Report, made ufe of the
fadve Women at their Pleafure, whether Vir'^ins

married Women ; fuch as they liked they took
jjthouc Controul \ and it is probable, they as little
filrained their Luft in other Places*, for the Breed

them is fcattered all over India \ neither are there
Jy People of more diti'crenc Complexions than

that Race, even from the Coal-olack to a light
fawncy, Thefe Iniuiics exafpeia^ed the Native
Vol. II. ' M Ma-

^1 =

'iifi!

<,; I

^lii

'( '

I i

1-1

ir^

i- f:

-f!l

162 Moors and Chincfe Merchants at Malacca.

An, i6^S. Malayans here who joyning with the Dutch, 35
^''^V'^ have been informed, found Means to betray to chcr
their inlblent Mafters the Portugucfe: than \v!io;t
there are not a more defpicable People now inai|
the Eajlern Nations : and of all they once poll
they have now only Goa left, of any Place of Con
fequence. I'he Dutch are now Mailers of moll oi
the Places they were once poiieft of ; and parties
hirly this of Malacca.

Malacca is a Place of no great Trade, yet then
are feveral Moors Merchants always refiding herel
Thefe have Shops of Wares, luch as come fium.Vfrj
• rat, and the Coaft of Coromaiidel and Benzol. Til
Chinefe alfo are feated here, who bring the Commol
dities of their Country hither, efpccially Tea, Sii
gar-candy, and other Sweet-meats. Some of theis
keep Tea-houfes, where for a Stiver, a Man hasnei
a Pint of Tea, and a little Porrenger of Siigar-anj
dy, or other Sweet- meats, if he pleafcs. Otheru
them are Butchers : their chief FleHi is Pork, whid
you may have very reafonably, either frefh or lalil
cd : Neither are you defired to take any particulji
Piece, but they will cut a Piece at one Place, anj
the like at another, either fat or lean, as you vvcjI
have it. Others among thefe Chincfi: are Tradcs-ped
pie ; and they are all in general vei y induftrious, bij
withal extraordinary Gamefters : and if they vl
get any to play with them, all Bufinefs mud fubm)
to that.

This Town is plentifully llored with Fidi ailij
When the Filhermen come in, they all refort ro|
Place built purpofely for the Sale of them. Therf
are Soldiers v/alting, who take the belt for tlj
Officers of the Fort •, whether they pay for it,
that 'tis a Toll of Cuftom belonging to the Gove
nor I know not -, but after they are fervcd,
rcil are fold to any who will buy. I'he m.i!|

Out-cry of Fifh. The Fruit Sy 5cc. 163

Lr of felling is thus : The Fifli which every Man An. i588:
Ljni^s in is Ibrttd, yet a!l Ibid by the Lump .it once, '-^'V^
hnthe manner of an Outcry or Audion, but not by
yfinn', but lowering the Price : for there is one ap-
pointed for this Sale, who fets the firft Price higher
Ln the Value of the Fifli, and fiilJs by Degrees,
the Price feems reafonable : then one or other
t)ijvs. But thefe firft Bargains are commonly
bjjTht by the Fifli-wives, who retail them out a-
bin, Oyfters are in great Plenty here, and very
|ooi when they are ialt j but fometimes they are
frelh and unfiivory.

As for other Provifions, their Rice is brought to

\km from abroad. Such Fruits as they have are

niich the fame as I have already defcribed and are

pner to the Climate, as Plantains, Bonanoes,

ine-apples. Oranges, Water-melons, PumpJe-no-
fcs, Mango's, ^c. but thefe arc only in their Gar-
liens, in no great Plenty ; and the Country is all co-
le.ed with Wood, like one Foreft : and mod of
W Walking-Canes ufed in EnglatiJ, are brought
from thence. I'hey have alfo a few Cattle, Bul-
locks, and Horfes, ^c. having but little Pafturage,
I'jtgood Store of tame Fowl, Ducks, and Poultry.
fhe principal Perfon in the Town is the Sbabandcr^
i Dutch man, next in Power to the Governour, who
Ives in the Forj, and meddles not with Trade,
ihich is the Sbahander^s Province, who feems to be
[hietiy concerned about the Cuiloms of Goods.

This Town has no great Trade, by what ^
oiLi fee, but it feems to be defignedly built to

Mnmand the PafTage of Shipping, going this way

it'i} more Eajlc^ii Nations. Not but that Ships
Hr/ pafs fir enough out of reach of their Cannon ;
I'j: Guard-Ships belonging to the Town, and ^ying

ithcRcid, may hinder others from palling. How
'■'f Porttip-fi managed their Alfairs I know not :

M 2 but

•»'

lit.

I ^ il

i ,

'11

164 Pepper at Jihorc.^ Dutch Gttard-fljip.

An. r688 but the Butch commonly keep a GuarcUfhip here J
^•^"Y^^ and I have been told they require a certain Dutyj
of all Veflels that pafs this way, the Zr,"7;^;/V//j onlyl
excepted : for all Ships touch at this Place, e!V
cially for Wood, Water, and Refrefliment.

Two Days after oui* Arrival here, the Banijh Shipl
came alio to an Anchor •, but reporting thar thivl
were bound to Jibore, to lade Pepper, the DuiiA
told them it was but in vain for them to (eck al
Trade there ; for that the King of J'ibcr,\ hada-
greed with the Dutch to trade only with them •, and
that to fecurc that Trnde, they had a Guard-Oiipl
lying there. I had this Account from the SurgeonJ
Mr. CoppitJger, who feemed a little concerned at it:
becaufe when he told me this, he could not tell]
whether they fhould proceed thither or no j but!
they did go thither, a«id found all this a Sham, andl
traded there to their own and the Natives SaiiJ
fadlion, as he told me the next time I met him.
This of Jibore being but a fmall Kingdom on t'-.e!
fame Malacca Coall, 'tis not of Strength fufficientl
to refill the Power of tht Dutch : neither could :;j
benefit the Dutch to take it, fhould they attempt itj
for the People would probably forfake it, andil
would be too great a Charge for the Dutch to fcttlel
it themfelves. And therefore they only endcavo'J
to ingrofs the Pepper Trade •, and it is probable e-f
nough that the Dutch might fomctimes keep i|
Guard-fhip there, as they do at other Places, para-
cularly at ^(ecla, Pulo Duiding^ ^c. For where therej
is any Trade to be had, yet not fuflicient to ma
tain a Factory ; for where there may not be a con!
venient Place to build a Fort, fo as to fecureti^q
whole Trade to themfelves, they fend their Guardj
fhips, which lying at the Mouth of the Rivers^ dm
Strangers from coming thither, and keep the petii
Princes in awe of them. They commonly makci

im on M

The Malayans exafperated by the Dutch. 1^5 ;

„icw as if they did this out of Kindnefs to thofe^^J^i^*
topic ; yet mod of tliem know othcrwifc, but dare "^^'^^

ot openly refentit. This probably caufes fo many

i;[ty Kobberics and Piracies as are committed by

he UAla^jans on this Coad. Tlie Malayans, who

habit on botii fides the Strcights of Malacca, are

ncrenerai a bold People, and yet I do not Hnd nny

f [hem addided to Robbery, but only the pi.'fer-

iff poorer Sort, and even thel'e feverely puniH^cd a-

uuiig the trading Malayans, v/ho love I'rade and

ropcrty. But b^-ing thus provoked by the Dutch,

iij liindred of a free Trade by their Guard-fhips, it

IS probable, they therefore commit Piracies them-

[eivcs, or connive at and incourage thofe who do.

othat the Pirates who lurk on this Coaft, fecm

:o do i; as much to revenge thcmfelves on the

^utihy for reftraining their Trade, as to gain this

ivwhac they cannot obtain in way of 7'raffick.

But to return to our Concerns here. I have faid

rcddy, that we had only three or four hundred

oand of Opium in Goods, the rell was in ?4oney

othe Value of 2000 Dollars in the whole: but

Ivcdid not pretend that we came hither purpofely

trade, but that finding our Veflel unfit for the

h, wc put in here to mend and repair her. Leave

as granted us for this -, and I orepared to hale our

elTu alhore, at the V/eft-^na of the Town, not

ar from the fmall Fort. It is there foft Oazy

round, near a Mile olT Siiore, and it d\. -^ns

cry leifurcly, being Shole Water jull by the

-lore ; and when the Tide goes out, it leaves the

■izdry a Qiiarter of a Mile from the Shore : but a

Hie from Shore, you have clean Sand, and about

our Fathom 11 1 low Water. Our Velfel floated in

loleto the Fort, and lay not twenty Yards from it,

Nat low Water it funk down into the Mud : that

ce could not fit the After-part, as I. would

M j have

' f

m\i

i'i

;

i66 ' Trade <>/ Opium, ^^epper and Spice.

>»»^i688.have done. Optum^ which is much ufed by (?z
Malayans in moft Places, was a great Commodity
here at this Time : but it is prohibited Good?
and therefore tho' many asked for it, wc were fcv
of having it too openly known that we had anv,
But" in fliort, Mr. Coventry foimd a Ciiftomcr, and
they found means to get it afliore, while the Soldi-
ers of the Fort were at Dinner. The Cuftomer
was a Dutch Man ; and the Price he was to pay for
it was as much as he was worth : and finding ic tol
be naught, he would have been off his Bargain;
and when Mr. Coventry would not releafe him, 1:
abfcondcd. But Mr. Coventry having an Inicn-
in the Shahander, he compell'd the Man's Wife d
pay for the Opium^ under the Name of Gold-, fui
fo Mr. Coventry cali'd it. The Shabander chid M
Coventry for fmuggling with an Inferiour, when I
might have done it better with him -, but flood hii
Friend in compelling the Woman, though unjiillly
to pay for the Opium. I faw this 'Diitch-x^'m o
board his own VclTel, when he had bought tb
Opium^ and he v;as very penfive and fad. He h
a pretty fine Houfe without the Gates, and a Gir-
<Atr\ which maintained his Family with Poc-Herb
Sallading, and Fruits, befides fome for the M;ir
ket. This was managed by his Wife , an-.
himfelf had two Sloops, and either imployed then
in Trading among the Malayans for Pepper|
carrying them fuch Commodities as they w;in[e!
efpecially Opium^ or by hiring himfelf and Sloe
to tiie T)utch Eaft- India Company, to go whitb
they would fend him. It was not long fince
had been at the Spice Iflands with Rice, whidi
fold at a profitable Rate : but he told me he v;
not fuflcred to bring any Spice from thence, excet
eight or ten Pound for his own fpending:
ther was there fo much Profit that way for hi^i

Hard Bargain, Rattan Cables. 1 67

by trading at Home among the Malayans, d--^"- '^'S^«
[ler on thf^ Coall of Malacca or Sumatra. For '^^^V^
jiout^ii he and other free Men are not iuffered to
iikior themlelves to any Places where the Com-
ing have Fatlorie.s, or Guard-diips, yet they could
U Trade enough nearer Home, and by this Trade
IlicFiTcmcn of Malacca pick, up a good Livelihood.
was on tliis Home Trade that he was now bound,
Ind the Opium had been very beneficial to him,
y it been good : but he went away and ordered
(is Wife not to pay for it, bat left Mr. Coventry to
i!{c it again •, and upon the Sbabaucier's compelling
(srto take it and pay for it, Hie complained tliey
^•rrc utterly undone, for the Opium^ when it came
bt: examined was really very bad, and worth
\[[k or nothing.

HcTe Mr. Coventry bought Iron-Bars, A rack,

tiiifs, and Rattans, wherewith we loaded our

f'dlL'l, which was novv fet afloat again. Tlie

I'iJj brought moll of our Goods aboard, and were

norc kind then I expected, for they had not ufed

|o trade with us, and I believe the News of our

U'volution in Enjand had fweetned them ; for they

|)f:v'n drank the Konings Health with us very hear-

li!}'. Willie we were here we made two new Ca-

iles of Rattans, ich of them four Inches about.

)ar Captain boi: : the Rattans, and hired a Cb:-

\(f' to work th.' who was very expert at making

|icli wooden ^^ables. Thefe Cables I found

ferviceable cno\iii after, . in nnoring; the VelH-l

nth either of jm -, for wlien I earned out the

Anchor, the -..ole being thrown out after nie,

urn like Cork in the Sea : fo that I could fee

^'hen it was tight, which we cannot fo well difcern

our Hemp Cables, whofe Weight finks them

tiown : nor can we carry them out but by pla-

Ling two or three Boats at fonie Diilance afunder,

M 4 to

1 ^'

s, i

r^.r

■1 f"

mr. i.\

??:■..

i .'■- ill

''■M

( I

' ^^Ifiiil

ill

ney prepare to leave Malacca."

I6S

V[V^to buoy up the CabJe, while the Long-Boat row

^'^^'^out the Anchor. To concKidc with MakcA

our Goods being all aboard, we fill'd our Watsrj

and got all in a Readinefs for our Departure hJ

again. "^

h.™*».cE*{. s^P* _

"W^

C HA

M>i'>!'H'^^''

Ought a Imall V«

^ill

The Author departs from Malacca. 169

An. 1688.

CHAP. IX.

\k Author departs from Malacca. They lofe ^
Jardy and return to refit. They fet out again',
and run on a Shole, but get off with the Floods
puloSambilong. They lofe their Alizen yardy
and put into Piili-) Diiidinir. The IJland and
^ort defer i bed'-, The oppofiteCoaft. Tiitancg,
0. Sort of Tin. The Enmity between the Dutch
km, and the Malayans on the Coaft. A Ren-
counter with them. They leave Pulo Dinding
and arrive at A chin. The Efcape of fome
En!j;li(h 'Prifoners out (?/Bcnga!. The Author
jl'ts out izainfrom Acliin, and arrives at Fort
5t Gev.v:;v:. Its pleafant Trofpe^. He goes
tijence to Bcncoiili in Sumatra. Its Sight at
dea. 'Point of 5)illabar. The Situation of Ecn-
coL^i, Moufes, Weather^ Soil, Fruit s. Animals^
and Inhabitants. The ^Pepper Trade here and
(Ifiii'here. The firfl Settlement of /^^ Englilh
hire. The Fort, and Ufage of the Natives,
The Conclufion of the Supplement.

JTE departed from Malacca towards Achm about
'» the Middle of November i6S<^. iSAv. Coventry
'■^ weary of Captain Minchin's Company, had
light a Imall Vtflel of 7 or 8 Tuns, and laded
r alfo with the fcime Kind of Goods. This he
mmanded himfelf, having a Portuguefe Pilot, and
or 4. Mariners under him, and we fet out both
ps in Company together. We had now in
'aptain Mifh'bm''s Ship but 2 white Men, the Cap-
"1 and I, the Boatfwain being gone with Mr.

\':

■Ir

\iM''

nmx'.

.%,<

I'li^b

.;!<!

^lil!

Ill; 'II '

170 T^he Ship runs on a ShoaL

'An. \6%^. Coventry, but we took in as a PulVcngcT one Mr]

V-<Or*^ Richards an Englijhmaii, who having lately marrici

a Dutch "Woman at Malacca, cimc aboard us v,it|

her, to go as PafTrngers to /Jcbifi with us.

Wc had a Land-Wind in the Morning and abod
eleven a Clock had the Wind at N. W. a prctij
flrong Gale : and at twelve our Fore-yard broke
the Middle. Wc made vSigns to Mr. Coventry tobci
down to us i who ^^cighlng before was a Mile J
Windward of us •, but he kept on, fearing to J
turn, as having bought his Ship there by Std:!;
and we therefore returned alone into iMalacca KoaJ
As foon as we anchored, Mr. Richards \,^%{tniA(l
to buy a new Yard •, I gave him the Length iJ
Bignefs. It was Evening before he came ahoArdagjiJ
and he brought aboard an old Yard >^nivh too i
and too long for us. This Piece 1 Ihortned and iliaj J
to my Mind, and by twelve a Clock at Night, iJ
it tixed and flung, rigg'd and the Sail bent 10 it.

Then we weighed again having:; a fmall Land Wini]
but the Tide of Flood was .\gainfl: us, and drovci
to the Eaftward. When the Ebb came we jogd
on, and got about three Leagues, anchoring v:{
the Flood came, hecaufe the Winds were againii:;
Thus we continued plying with the F-bb, and anc:
ring every Flood, till we came to Pul'oFarJelon'^ vki
the Captain told me he would not go out the \i
way we came in, as I would have perluaded l.im,
kept the Malacca Shore aboard, and part '.v.tli
the Sholes. But in a few Hours after wc ran up
a Shole, dri\"en on it by the Tide of Flood, wf
here fet to the Eaftward, tho' by our reckuningj
Ihoald have been half Ebb, and the Flood Ihoii
have fet Weftward, as we had it all the reft ot
way from Malacca: but the Sholes probably cai;!|
fome whirling about of the Tide. However, the:;i
we were ftuck upon was not above 100 1^
.in Circumference, and the Flood being rii'ig

\ ...ii

p. Sambilon?:. P. Dinding. 171

lirfd the 'I'iinc of high Water, and then drove ^»^i<^8?.
trit, havin^i; k'nt our hoit to difcover how the
oles I;iy, while our Ship was a-ground : Mr. 7'^/-
tri; all the while being in great Fear, left the Ma^
kr.t fhould conic olf in ihcir Boats and attack

Veifel.
IWe were now afloat again, and loon got without

the Sholes : yet we did not Hand over towards
L;/m7, but coafted along ncarcll the Malacca.
icrc, it being now nioft proper for us fo to do yet ;
Ir having the Winds welleriy, we could not have
;2t under the other Shore. 2 or 3 Days after this

had figl.t of fomc Idands called Piilo Sambilong^
lichinthe Malayan Language fignifies nine Iflands,
tre being fo many of them, lying fcattering at
Icqual Diftances from each other. It was near one

thclc Iflands, that Captain Mincbin in a former
oyage was like to loofe his Hand by a Prick with a
k-filhcs Fin, as I have faid in my former Vol. p. 1 49.
lii'no' his Fland was cured, yet he has loft the ufe
lirevcr fince ; and is never likely to regain it more.
[We ftood in pretty near the Shore, in Hopes to
iin a frcfh Fand Wind. About ten a Clock the
pd Wind came off, a gentle Breeze, and we coaft-

along the Shore. But a fmall Tornado coming

from the Shore about Midnight, we broke our
lizen Yard, and being near a Dutch Ifland called
p Bindiu^^^ wc made in for it, and anchored there
|c Night enfuing, and found there a Butch Sloop,
lann'd with about thirty Soldiers, at an anchor.
' f iiis is a fm.ill Idand lying fo nigh the Main, that
hips piifnng by cannot know it to be an Ifland.

13 precty high Land and weft watered with Brooks.

lie Mould is blackifli, deep and fat in the lower
ground; but the Hills are fomewhat rocky, yet iu
^nerai very wocdy. The Trees are of divers Sorts,
Isny of which are good Timber, and large enough
jrany Ufe. Here are alfo fome good for Mafts and

Yards i

; I

■.; rj

;i !

1 'H

1 I'^i

V:^

\ I '

i^j'iiil^-i I

172 TZ'^ jR?r/ and Banqueting lionfe.

'An. 1688. Yards •, they being naturally light, yet tough A
^^'V'^ ferviccablc. There is [^ood Riding on the Ivilt-fiJ
bewecn the Ifland and the Main. You may coir]
in with the Sea Breezr, and go out with a Uj
Wind, there is Water enough, and alccurc IlarboJ
The Dutd\ who are th- only Inliabitants, luvei
Fort on the Fail- fide, dole by the Sea, in a Ben
ing of the Ifland, which makes a fmallCovei
Ships to antlior Ji. The Fort is built 4 IquarJ
without Flankers or B.ulions, like a Houfc: cvt:l
Square is r.bout ten or twelve Yards. The wj
are of a good Thicknels, made of Stone, andar,-]
cd up to a good Heighth, of about thirty Foot, a.i
covered over Mead like a dwelling Iloufe. Tid
may be about twelve or fourteen Guns in it, Ion
looking out at every Square. Thcfe Guns are mouni!|
on a llrong Platform, made within the Walls, abo
fixtee-^ Foot high i and there are Steps on the OJ
fide to afcend to the Door that opens to the PiJ
form, there being no other way into the Fort. Hcij
is a Governour and about twenty or thirty SoLlicri
who all lodge in the Fort. The Soldiers havctliti
Lodging in the Platform among the Gun% bun
Governour has a fair Chamber above it, where
lies with fome of the Officers. About a hund
Yards from the P'ort on the Bay by the Sea, there
a low timbered I loufe, where the Governour abiiij
all the Day Time. In this Houfe there were r*j
or three Rooms for their Ufe, but the chicfelhvj
the Govcrnour*s Dining-Room. This fronted to tj
Sea, and the End of it looked towards the Foj
There were two large Windows of about fcveni
eight Foot fquare •, the lower part of them aboJ
four or five Foot from the Ground. Thefe Windosj
were wont to be left open all the Day, to let ini
refrefhing Breeze \ but in the Night, when theGj
vernour withdrew to the Fort, they vvcre doll
with flrong Shutters, and the Doors made tall I

1 jtancg a fort of Tin, \j\

next day. The Continent of Malacca op-^„. ,^89^
[lite to the in and, is pretty low champion Land, ./"V*^
jihcd with lofty Woodii •, and rit.^ht ngainll the
[y where the Dutch Fort Hands, tlicic is a naviga-
jt River for fniall Craft.
iTlicprodiidi of the Country thereabouts, befidcs

.ind other Eatables, is '•Vutami^ a iort ot "Im \
llhifik courfer than ours. I'lie Natives are Ma-
||.;i'.(, who, as I have always obfcrved, are bold

treacherous : yet the Trading People are atfa-

.mvl courteous to Merchants.
iThcfc are in all rt fpeds, as to their Religion,
jiitom, 4nd manner of Living, like other Ma-
nii. Whether tliey arc governed by a King or
L or what other manner of Government they
|c under, 1 know not. They have Canoas and
at3 oF their own, and with thefe they fifli and
\Mi among themfelves : but the Tin Trade is
jit which has formerly drawn Merchant Strangers
ttiier. But tho' the Country might probably yield
tat qiiiintities of this Metal, and the Natives are

only inclinable, but very defirous to trade with
rangers, yet are they now retrained by the
p, who have monopoliz'd that Trade to thcm-
fes. It was probably for the lucre of this Trade
^t the Dnkb built the Fort on the Ifland ; but this

wholly anfwering their ends, by reafon of the
lance between it and the Rivers mouth, which
[about 4 or 5 Miles, they have alio a Guard-fliip

imonly lying here, and a Sloop with 20 or 30
ned Men, to hinder other Nations from this
Me. For this Tuiaucg or Tin is a valuable Com-

lity in the Bay of Bengal, and here purchafed
[fonably, by giving other Commodities in ex-
mge: neither is this Commodity peculiarly found
^cibouts, but farther Northerly alfo on the Coail i

particularly in the Kingdom of ^^eda there is
lich ot it: The Dutcb alfo commonly keep a

Guard-

11 /»

h K

' M.

,i u

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

1.1

1.25

1^ 128 12.5

■U lU 12.2

lu ... Pi

■ 40

*^^.A'

'V'

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

... *

33 WEST MAIN STRiET

WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO

(716) 873-4503

)

«V

Il <

!■■!■

1 74 All Trovijions imported to P. Dindin^^

'An. j688.Guaid-fhip, and have made fome fruitlefs EfTavs
^•OP^ bring that Prince and his Subjeds to trade \;ni
with them ; but here ovcragainft P. Dindm
Strangers dare approach to Trade ; neither mar^
Ship come in hither but with confent of the /ijffl
Therefore as foon as we came to an Anchor
the Eaft-end oT the Ifland, we fent our Boat a-llio
to the Governour, to delire leave to wood, wattj
and cut a new Mizen-yard. He granted our
queft, and the Boat returned again aboard,
brought word alfo that Mr. Coventry touched ho
to water, and went out that Morning. Thei
Morning betimes Crlptain Minchin fent *ie a-fiio
to cut a Yard. I applyed my felf to the Gov
nour, and defired one ot his Soldiers mightgoi
me, and (hew me the beft Timber for that ulJ
but he excufed himfclf, faying, that his SoldJ
were all bufie at prcfent, but that I might go
cut any Tree that I lik'd. So I went into the Woo
where I faw abundance of very fine (Irait Trees,;
cut down fuch a one as I thought fit for my Tun
and cutting it of a juft length, and Gripping off
Bark, I left it ready to be fetcht away, and reiurnj
to the Fort, where I dined with the Governour. ^
fently after Dinner, our Captain, with Mr. Rich
and his Wife came a-fhore, and I went aboi
The Governour met them at Landing, and condu
cd them into the Dining-Room I fpoke of, wb
they treated the Governour with Punch, madcl
Brandy, Sugar, and Lime-juice, which they brouj
with them from aboard : for here is nothing,
fo much as the Governour*s Drink, but wharl
brought from Malacca : no Herbs or Fruit gro?
here : but all is either fetch'd from Malacca^ o\\
brought by the Malayans from the Main. It is
through any fferility in the Soil, for that is vn
fat and fruitful : neither is it through lazinefsi
the Dutch, for that is a Vice they arc not guilty i

An Alarm from the Malayans. 175

it is from a continual fear of the Malayans , With An. i68t
jm tho' they have a Commerce, yet dare they noc

them To tar, as to be ranging about the Ifland
[ly work of Husbandry, or indeed to go far from

Fort, for there only they are fafe. But to

urn to the Governour, he, to retalliate the

ptiins and Mr. Richard* ^ kindnefs, fent a Boat

[filhing, to get fome better Entertainment for

Guefts, than the Fort yielded at prcfcnt.
out four or five a-Clock the Boat returned with

)od Di(h of Fifh. Thcfe were immediately
& for Supper, and the Boat was fent out again
ectmore, for Mr. Richanh and his Ludy to carry
Dard with them. In the mean time the Food

brought into the Dining-Room, and placed

the 'I'ublc. The Difhes and Plates were of

ver, and there was a Silver Punch-Bowl full of

pr. The Governour, his Guefls, and fome of

|Officers were feated, but juft as they began to fall

one of the Soldiers cried out, Malayans^ and
IiiI'd the Entertainment •, for immediately the Got
nour, without fpeaking one word, leapt out of

of the Windows, to get as foon as he could to
I Fort. His Officers followed, and all the Servants
k attended were foon in Motion. Every one of
p took the neareft way, fome out of the Win-
ers, others out of the Doors, leaving the 3 Guefts
|themfclVes, who foon followed with all the hafte

could make, without knowing the meaning of
ifudden Confternation of the Governour and his
Jple. But by that time the Captain and Mr. Ri-
irds and his "Wife were got to the Fort, the Go-
fnour, who was arrived before, ftood at the door
receive them. As foon as they were entred the
re, the Door was fhut, all the Soldiers and Ser-
ins being within already : nor was any Man fuf-
Ed to fetch away the Viduah, or any of the
Itc : but they fired fcvcral Guns to give notice

i 4

J' 19

Lc ' j

176 Indians loth to fight in the Rain,

'An. 1688^ CO the Malayans that they were ready for the
"^^^"^ but none of them came on. For this Uproa
occafioned by a Malayan Canoa full of armed
that lay flculking under the Ifland, clofe by
Shore : and when the Dutch Boat went out the
cond time to filli, the Malayans fet on them fi
denly, and uncxpeded, with their Creflets
Lances, and killing one or two, the reft leapt ovi
board, and got away, for they were clofe by
Shore •, and they having no Arms were not able
have made any reliftance. It was about a
from the Fort: and being landed, every one
them made what hafte he could to the Fort,
the firft that arrived was he who cried in that m;
ner, and frighted the Governour from Sup
Our Boat was at this rime arlhore for water,
was filling it in a fmall Brook by the Banqueiti
houfe. I know not whether our Boats Crew t
notice of the Alarm, but tht Dutch call'd to thci
and bid them make hafte aboard, which they dii
and this made us keep good watch all Night, havi
all our Guns loaden and primed for Service. Bu
rained fo hard all the night, that I did not m
fear being attack'd by any Malayan •, being infoi
ed by one of our Sea-men, whom we took in
Malacca, that the Malayans feldom or never m;
any attack when it rains. It is what I had befc
obferved of other Indians, both Eaft and fVefl:
tho* then they might make their Attacks with
greateft advantage on Men armed with Handgui
yet I never knew it pradifed; at which I
wondered ; for it is then we moft fear them,
they might then be moft fuccefsful, becaafe tl
Arms, which are ufuaHy Lances and Creflets, w!
thefe Malayans had, could not be damaged by
Rain, as our Guns would be. But they cannor
dure to be in the Rain : and it was in the Eveni
before the Rain fell, that they aflfaulted

The Author's laft Arrival at Achin. 177

^ii) Boat. The next Morning the "Dutch Sloop ''»• 1689,
Thed, and went to look after the Malayans \ but ^O^^Nj
nng failed about the Ifland, and feeing no Enc-
s, they anchored again. I alfo fent Men alhore
lour Boat to bring off the Mizen-yard that I had
: the Day before: But it was fo heavy a kind of
nber, that they could not bring it out of the
foods. Captain Mincbin was ftill afliore, and he
Dg acquainted with it, defircd the Governour to
la Soldier, to (hew our Men what Trees were
for our uie : Which he did, and they prefently
;a fmall Tree, about the bignefs and length of
It which I cut, and brought it aboard. I imme-
[tcly went to work, and having fitted it for ufc,
Dt my Sail, andhoifed it up in its place. In the
rening Captain Mincbin and Mr. Richards and his
(it'e came aboard, having (laid one Night at the
:•, and told mc all that hapned to them ^(hore.
^Ve ROW waited only for a Land V/ind to carry
out. The former part of the Night wc had much
jin, with Thunder and Lightning •, but no Wind.
one a-Clock we had a fmall Land Wind, and got
our Anchors. We got out before Day clear of
Ifland, and we (leered a-long fhore to the North-
ed, intending to keep thislhore aboard for 20 or
(Leagues farther, if the Winds did not favour us ;
[the Sea Winds were now at N. W. This Day we
btnear the (hore, and the Night enfuing ; but the
(tDay the Wind coming at N.and N. N. E. we
over for Sumatra^ and the next Evening we
by Diamond Point : And the Wind coming at
N.E. we got, in about 2 Days more to Achin^
^utthe end of November 1689.
lere we found ^v, Coventry^ who had got hither
|r 3 Days before us. Captain Mincbin went afliore
[h his Paflengers, and was difcharged of jiis Com-
|nd. I kept aboard till all the Goods were unhi-
\) and then lay afliore, and was very fick for a

N Forr-

; 4

'TV

(

I )

i.."^ .

i';v"'Rj'!:

178 TiCWCQViM Fort defer ibfd. K3l)3!s ahus'd,

jin. itfQo.Fortnight of a kind of Fever. But after ChrifumA
V-'^^Y^^was fent aboard again, by order of Mr. Cov:ntr[
who had then bought out Mr. DaIton*s and Captl
ler*s Shares, to take the Charge of the Veflel, whiJ
he had then l.ided with Pepper, Cubebs (which Ithinl
grow fomewhere in Sumatra) and Tutanegg^ which 1
bought of an Ejiglifi VefTel that came from ^udi\
Ach'in i and with thefc ht had ahb feme of our A/^j.';.-;
Cargo, which we kept on board, "y/z. Rattans;
Walking-Canes. With this Cargo we were bouiJ
for Fort ?i\.. Georgr. We took in alio 2 ?2}iglifn Vm
gets, who had cfcapM out of Prifon in the Mj^A
Country. The one bclong'd to \.\\tt Defence, Zi^
7/?rt/^'sShip, which I came home to Eaglayuih aftj
wards -, he was Purfer of it : tiic other was a Midll'ji
man in the Princefs Ann^ which retiirn'd to Eu^.n^
the fame Time. But during our War with the Afi
thefe Ships had been in the Bay of Boigal^ to fetch]
way our Effcdls from the R. of Hugly. Thefe 2 Mtj
with 2 or 3 others, wentafhore upon fome Ocafioj
and were taken Prifoners by the Mogul' ^ Subjpdj
who fent them a great way up into the Counti]
where they were kept in clofe Cuftody, andoftj
threatned with Death. The old Jimbcb, or Govj
noar of the Province, being removM, andancwc
<.oming thither, he relenfed thefe Men, and gave tag
leave to go to the Sea- fide, where finding a D.''.j
Ship bound to Batavia^ thefe :. and one morr, r
.'.board her, the reft getting other Paflage : Bur
meeting with that Eriglip Ship coming ivom^^in
V. hich brougiit the Ti!//</;.'f^^ I but now mentiontdj
Jibin^ they lel'r the Dutch Ship, and went to ii
s'ich the other Engl^/fj Vefiel i and thofe 2 weren(j
for going with us to Fort St. George.

'Twas about Nev/- years Day, 1690. that wefer(
from Aihin again : We fleered away toward rhe.^ij
/■/'inand?, and came in figiit of that, which I!
L( til forirxrly If-t ufliore upon. BOt leaving i[ on

Arrival at F. St. George, and Bcncouli. 179

rboard, weftood more Northerly up into the Bay •» ^f*' '690.
or by Mr. Coventry I had learnt there were Norther- ^•^'V^srf
lyand North Eaftcrly Winds in the Buy at this time
[f Year. We flood over thcri-fore as high as Pallacat j

111 having then a fair N. E. Wind, we run along tlie
[oall till we came before Fort St. George, which
b about the middle of January.

I was much pleafed with the beautiful profpcdl
[lis place makes off at Sea. For it ftands in a plain
adyfpot of Ground, clofe by the Ihore, the Sea
Dmctimcs wafhing its Walls, which are of Stone
iJ high, with Half-Moons and Flankers, and a
Teat many Guns mounted on the Battlements : fo
it what with the Walls and fine Buildings within
z Fort, the large Town of Maderas without it,
DC Pyramids of the Engliflj Tombs, Houfes, and
irdens adjacent, and the variety of fine Trees
attcr'd up and down, it makes as agreeable a
andikip as I have any where feen.
I But 'tis not my defign to enter into a Defcriprion

a place fo well known to my Country- Men as
lis is. It may fuffice to have mentioned it i and
at after fome Months (lay here, and meeting witli
YMoody cind Jeoly the Psiinted Prince, I prepared

go for Sumatra again ; to Bencotili^ as I have
[din my former Vol. p. 512. I fct out from Fore
,Qcorge with Captain Hvivel in July 1690. we
[ered a pretty way along the Coaft of Coromandel,
jlorc we ftood over for Sumatra \ and then made

bell of our way for Bencquli. I have in that
Dlame fpoken of my Arrival there ; but having
b Ro account of the place, I fhall do ic briefly

and fo (hut up this Supplement,
^(n^-oull lies on the Weft Coaft of the IQand of Su-
p, in about 4d. S. Lar. Jt is a place need
DughatSea ; by rcafon of a high flender Hill in

Countrv. It Ikis a fmAll Illand before it within
c:h Ship'o ride. The Point of S!i!!ahar lies 2 or 3

Lc.igijo:

I,'

i (

...li]r

'; ,ii

I I't ■ Bi J 11'' SOi ^Tf

1 80 Bcncouli d. Building, JVeathety Soil.

An, 1 590. Leagues to the Southward of it, and runs out fj
^^^y^ ther than any part of the Shore, making a fmallBj
within it. Befidcs thelc marks, when you con
within 2 or 3 Leagues of the Shore, you'll fee tj
Engli/h Fort fronting to the Sea, which makes a
ihow : On the N. W. of the Fort is a fmall Rive(
at the Mouth of which is alargeStorc-houfe top
Pepper in. About a quarter of a Mile from the
(lands a fmall Indian Village, clofe by the River,
the fame fide that th.- Fort is on, and but afm
diftance from it. The Houfcs are fmall atidlo
all built on Pods, after the Malayan manner, as
Mindanao and y^chin -, for 'tis a Swamp that
Town ftands on : But the Malayans ufually ch
to build in fuch low places near Rivers, forthecoi
venicnce of wafhing themfelves, which tlicy grea
delight in \ as 'tis indeed a part of their Religion
Mahometans : And if they can, they will have thei
Houfes (land on Pofls over the River.

The Weather here is none of the plcafantel
There are great Rains chiefly in Septenikr^ OM
and November^ and pretty great Heats. But whi
the Wind blew hard, which 'twould often do, the
would be chill: And the Sea-breezes in fairWeati
were generally pretty frefh and comfortable. Tl
Land-winds coming over Swamps, ufually brougli;
Stink with them. 'Tis in general an unhealthy Placi
and the Soldiers of the Fort were fickly and diedvi
faft. On the S. fide of the Fort is a fair champion
vannah, ofa Mile or 2 Square, called Gr^^«M It pi
"duces long thick Grafs : The N. W. part of itfroDi
the Sea, and the S. E. is bounded with lofty Woods.
The Soil of this Country is very diff^srent, aco
ding to its different pofition : For within Land '1
hilly, yet thofe Hills are clothed with Trees ; whii
(hews it to be fruitful enough. The low L
near the River, efpecially near the Sea, is fwai
,py, producing nothing but Reeds, or Bambo

Trees, fruit Sy Beajfy Birds, Malayans. iSi

,tihc higher Ground, which is of a reafonablc <^»« '^9o«
ighth, is very fhiittul. The Mould is deep, and ^-^^V^^
tuhcr bl.icl: or yellow •, and in fome place"? Clay i
juch Mould as is wry proper for making Bricks.
The Trees in ihc Woods arc niollly large bodied,
ight and tall : They are of divers forts, foinc or
her of them fit for any ufes. The Fruits of the
untry are much the fame as at ^^cbin and Malacca,
:. Limes, Oranges, Guava*s, Plantains, Bonanoes,
o-Nuts, Jacks, Durains, Mangoes, Mangaftans;
mkins, Pine-apples, and Pepper. The Roots are
ims, and Potatoes : Rice grows here pretty well
Ifo i but whether the Natives fow enough for their
n fpcnding or no, I know nor. The Land Ani-
ls arc Buffaloes, Bullocks, Deer, Wild Hogs,
rciipincs, Guanoes, Lizards, ^fr. The tame Fowls
eDucks and Dunghil Fowls, both in great plenty.
e wild Fowl are Parrots, Parakites, Picfgeons,
urtlc-Doves, and many fort of fmaller Birds.
The Natives alfo are fwarthy Indians, like their
ighbours of Acbin, They arc flender, (Iraight,
live, and induftrious. They are fociable and
[firous of Trade -, but if they are aliVonted, they
treacherous and revengeful. They Jive toge-
er in Towns, and fpeak the Malayan Language :
Dnforming iheinfelves in their Habit, Food,
Cuftoms to other Malayans ; who are all,
far as I learnt, of the Mahometan Religion.
here are fome Mechanicks among them ; a
Smiths : But mod of them are Carpenters,
I let themfelves out to hire to the Englijh at tiic
Drt. The Hatchets they work with are fuch
they ufe at MimlanaOy fo contrived as to ferve
tor an Adds. Here are alfo Fifhermen, who
a livelihood by Fifhing •, and there are fe-
pl forts of Fi(h on the Coail, bcfides plenty
I Green Turtle: Such of the Malayans as live
ar the Englifh Fore arc ufually employed

;:^;i'r

\> i

11 <

:j:,V

•»!«•

182 Tepper, its Growth and Trade.

^jtn. \C<)o Iji the Eajl-India Companies Service, to work
them : but the Country People are moft Husban,
men. They plant Roots, Rice, Pcppcr-bufhes, yj
Pepper is the cnicf vendible Commodity in tij
Country, it thrives very well on all the Coifj
but the grcated quantity of what is exported fr)
hence, iscither brought down this River out of tj
Country, or fetched from Sillabar^ or other pb
bordering on the Si-a in fm.dl Veflels. Pepper groJ
plenty in other places of this IQand •, as at Indr.:::i\
Pau^afaniim, Jamby^ Bancalis, t^c. It grows all')
the Illand Java., on the Coall of Malacca^ Mx..i:i
CochifKhlnciy ^c. The Coall of A/j/t/ W is laid i
produce the bed •, or at lead there the Natives tii|
mod care to have the bed, by letting it grow till
is full ripe ; for which reafon it is larger and b;:j
than here, where th(^y gather it too foon, to avc
lofing any : for as foon as it grows ripe *tis ap!i
Ihed, and fall in wade to the ground.

It was the Pepper Trade iliat drew our Eu^i
Merchants to fettle here. ¥ox a.\ict Bautam waslof
our EngliJJj, who were wont to trade thkherfJ
this Spice, were at a great lofs to regain thePepp^
Trade, which now was in a manner fallen with
other forts of Spice into the hands of the Dutch: U
the Pepper which we were wont to fetch from H
tdin did not all grow on this Ifland Java^ nor pcrhil
the tenth part of it; for as I have been informed
came mod from Sumatra, particularly from fi.'/.vfJ.'j
and the adjacent parts. For this Reafon it behovf
our Merchants to get an Intered here to propi
their declining Trade. Yet, as I have been tolil
the fucccfs was more owing to the Natives of tli
place than themfclvesi for that fome of the M
of the Country fcnt Amba,fladors to Fort St. (;•'/
to invite the Engiijh hither to take polTeflion,
fore the Dutch fliould get it •, who are never llackJ
promote their Intered, and v/ere now letting o{

The As final departure frori Achin. 1 1 j

the fame dcfign. But however that were, the -^^ '690.

J'lJ) had the good fortune ro get hither firft : *"00^

ough fo narrowly, that the D///r/j were within an ace

preventing them, their vShips being in fight before

jrMcn got afhore. But the Dutch coming thus too

tf, were put by their defigns ; for the EngHJIj im-

fdialdy got afhore fome Guns, and flood ready to

ftcnd their intercft. This might happen about the

tar 1685, as I was informed •, for they told me it .

as 5 or 6 Years before I came hither : and the Eng-

'!' immediately fortified tlumfclves. The Fort, as

aid before, fronts to the Sea, andflands about 100

Cfs from the River. There has been a great deal

foft bcflowed on it, but to little purpofc -, for

sthf mofl irregular piece I ever law. I told the Go*

rnour the beft way was to new- model it, and face

with Stone or Brick, either of wliich might be eafily

cj. Hcfaid he likedmy Counfel, but being faving

r the Company, he rather chok* toiepair it, by the

liking loir.c Alterations • but ftiil to as little pur-

(r, for 'twas all made ground, and having no h-

gto keep it up, 'twoultl moulder away every wet

lion, and the Guns often fall down into the Ditches.

Whit was pofTiblc to be done I endeavoured to do

Ifii'e I was there. I made the Bp ft ions as regular as

Guild upon the Model they v/crc made by : And

kreas tlie Fort was defigned to be a Pentagone^

d there were but 4 of the Baflions made, I flaked

t ground for a 5th, and drew a Plan of ir,

idi I gave the Government -, and had I flaid

ger I tliould have made up the other Baftion t

It the whole Plan is too big by half for fo forry a

rrifon ; and the befl: way of mending it, is to de-

ilh all of it, and make a new one.

The Fort was but forrily governed when I was

ic; nor was there that care taken to keep a fair

irefpondtnce with the Natives in the Neighbour-

oJ a*. I think ought to be, in all Trading places e-

fpecially.

If-. .. ■>•!

I, «

IS4 Cock Figlt trig. Conclufion <?/ r^/ Supplcnicij

'^m 1690 fpccially. When I came thither there were 2 Ncio
V^^^"^ bouring Raja*% in the Stocks, for no oihir Rcala
butbecaufc they had not brought down to the Fon
fuch a Quantity of Pepper as the Governour hadlcn
for. Yet thefe R(iju\ rule in the Country, m
have a confiderablc number of Subjccfls \ who wcrj
fo exafperated at thefe Infolencies, that, as I hiv
fmce been informed, they came down and alTaultf
the Fort, under the Condudk of one of tlicfc /^iiyj
But the Fort, as bad as it is, is Guard enoii
gainft fuch indifferent Soldiers as they arc: m
tho* they have Courage enough, yet fcarccany Arn
bcfidcsBack-fwords, CrelTets, and Lances, nor Ski|
to ufc Artillery, if they had it. At another tin
they made an Attempt to furprize the Fort, und
pretence of a Cock-match *, to which they hoped th
Garrifon would come out to (hare in the Sport, an
fo the Fort left with fmall Defence. For the Mini
arts here are great lovers of Cock-fighting, and did
were about 1000 of them got together about thj
Match, while their armed Men lay in ambufh. B(
it fo hapned, that none of the Garrifon went out!
the Cock-match, but one John Necklirty aD^w, wl«
was a great Gamefter himfelf : And he difcovcrin
the Ambufli, gave notice of it to the Govcrnouj
who was in Diforder enough upon their Approacli|
But a few of the great Guns drove them away.

I have nothing more to add but what concern
my felf •, which is not fo material, that I fhoa;
need to trouble the Reader with it. I have faidl
my former Volume, p. 519. upon what Motiv«|
left Bencouli : And the particulars of my Voya
thence to England are alfo in that Volume : So tlil
I may here conclude this Supplement to my ^'j^
round the IVorld,

FINIS.

[r.DAMPiER's VOYAGES

TO THE

BxYofCJMPEJCHr.

VOL. 11. Part II.

)ntaining an Account of the
^xyoi Cam peachy mthclVeft-^
Indies^ and Parts adjacent.. -.\

CHAP. I.

Authors firft going to Sea^ to France, to
t^'cwtoundland, and after to the Eaft- Indies.
'its fet ting out for /^^ Weft- Indies. Of St.
Lucia, the Caribbe- Indians, and Captain War-
bcr. He arrives ^/Jamaica j His Aboadand
Travels there, andfirjl Voyage to Campeacliy.
\k Eaft and North of Jucatan defcribed,
(cy-Mugerc, Capc-Catoch, and its Logwood-
utting. The Mount and its Salt- pet re Earth.
Ue {i\dhnTo'L:jns, //? Tarpom-Filh, Ftfher-
if», <jw^ Lookouts. Riode laGartos, Salt'
^ondSj Selam, Sifal, and Cape Condecedo.
its jirft Arrival at Ijland Trift, tn the Bay

Aa of

ft t

i' *i

H'il>

\ n

■

i BIB

I'lljl

III

■Ml

HI 1 .ifff. 1673.

: n cx^V^vj

■

IHM

'1 ■>

1 i
Mi 1

I'
il

'if' N

H|: 1

i| 1

''^711^991

mi 1

Hj^ :

i'lslj^l f

:'!^;^J J

jlpi 1

''^\

1 '

^^^^B
^^1

III

} ■ !

i 1

^^^^1

! . :

1 ! ■

HH|

■ ' 1*

!!■ Il

r '

i H

Il 1;

fl/* Campcachy. His anchoring at OnQ-l\}!i^\
Key, and Entertainment among the LogwooA
cutters. The efcafe of fourEn^Vitti Trijonirl
jfr^w Mexico, ^W Campeachy. He retur
for Jamaica, and is chafed by two Spani!!]
Fejfels. The difficulty of their Taffage kci
ana his failing foul of the Alcrancs IJles, 71^
Boobies and Egg-Birds there, &c. Sword-Fij
Nurfes, Seals, &c. OfCaptainLono^ andothA
Ship-wrack d here. The Sounding hereakm
Hepaffeth through the Colorado ShoaU^ m
anchors near Cape «5V. Antonio /»Cubajj«
coafting by the Ifland cf Pines, anchors awl
IJland ^/ Grand Kay man. He goes back &%
anchors at Ifland Pines, its TroduSf^Kxm
Land-Crabs J fierce Crocodiles, Cattle, &c.
ftands off to Sea again, and with the hdjn
a feafonable North Wind, ajter much difjSa
ty, arrives ^f Jamaica.

AMong other Tilings referred to in my fcj
mcr Volume, I mentioned an Acco
I intended to give of the Bay of C«
peachy, where I lived firft and laft about 3 Ye
I fhall now difcharge my felf of that Promife ;
becaufemy Campeacby Voyages were in order otTii
before diat Round theJVorld^ I fhall upon thisi
fion go fo far back as to fpeak briefly of my firft"
ing to Sea, and the Rambles I made nil my feta
cur for Campeachy.

My Friends did not originally defign me fori
Sea, but bred me at School till I came to Yearj|
for a Trade. But upon the Death of my Fad
and Mother, they who had the difpofal me, took!
thcr Meafures ; and having removed me fromr
Laiin School to learn JVriting and Jrithmeiick,

The Author's fir ft going to Seal $

on after placed me with a Matter of a Ship at-'*- >675*

fimoutby complying with the Inclinations I had **Or*^

ery early of feeing the fVorld : With him I made

[Ihort Voyage to France : and returning thence,

jt to Nezufoundland, being then about eighteen

jfcars of Age. In this Voyage I fpent one Summer -,

lit fo pinched with the rigour of that cold Climate,

it upon my return I was abfolutely againft going

thole parts of the Worlds but went home again

I my Friends. Yet going up a while after to Lori'

% the olier of a warm Voyage and a long one, both

|hich I always defined, foon carried me to Sea a-

^in. For hearing of an outward-bound Eafi-India

ian, the John and Martha of London^ Captain

ir)Mi Commander. I entered my felf aboard,

bd was employed before the Maft, for which my

no former Vo'jagei had fome way qualified me.

h went dirediy for Bantam in the Ifle of Java^

y (laying there about two Months, came home

tain in little more tlian a Year ; touching at St.

p^5of the Cape Veni Iflands at our going out, and

/Ij'cenfion m our return. In this Voyage I gained

ore Experience in Navigation, but kept no Jour-

We arrived at Plymouth about two Months be-

|re Sir Robert Holmes went out to fall upon the

i//i Smyrna Fleet : and the fecond Dutch Wars

[eaking out upon this, I forbore going to Sea that

Immer, retiring to my Brother in Somerfellhirc,

^t growing weary if ftaying afhore, I lifted my

on board the R'yal Prince^ commanded by Sir

)tj:a.rdSprague^ a. ■ ferved under h"m in the Year

rj, being the .aft of the D'ltch IVar, We had

ree Engagements tliat Sumnwr •, I was in two of

Em, but falling very fick, 1 was put aboard an

Qfpical Ship a Day or two before the third En-

jement, feeing it at a diitancc only i and in this

Edward Sprague was killed. Soon after I was

A a 2 fent

.?^ ' .

Ilii^-

li.

!':(

Vl\

4 The Author's firfi Voyage to the Wcft-Indics,

jtn. 1674 fcnt to flarivicb with the reft of the Sic'k and/T^aa
^/"W^^J: And having languifhed a great while, I wen
home to my Brother to recover my Health.

By this time the War with the Dulch was conclu'
cd •, and with my Health, I recovered my oldlncl
nation for the Sea. A neighbouring Gentleini
Colonel tieliier of Eajl-Cocker in Somerfetjh'ire^ mi
Native Pari Hi, n .dc me a fcafonable Offer lo
and manage a Pl.jiration of his in Jamaica^ und
one Mr. tVhalley ; for which Place I fee out wij
Capt. Kent in the Content of London.

I was then about 22 Years old, and had never bci
in the JVefi- Indies \ and therefore, left I might
trepann'd and fold as a Servant after my Arrival
Jamaica^ I agreed with Captain Kent to work as
Seaman for my Paflage, and had ir under his Hai
to be cleared at our Hrft Arrival. We failed out
the River I'hcwica in the Beginning of the YcariC
and meeting with favourable Winds, in a lliorcTii
got into the Trade-wind, and went merrily alon
ftccring for the Ifiand Barhadoes. When we can
in fight of it Captain Kent told his Pafiengers,
they would pay his Port-Charges he would and
in the Road, and ftop whilft they got RefreHime
But the Merchants not caring to part with th
Money, he bore away, directing his Courfe towaij
Jamaica.

The next Ifland that appeared in our viewwasi
Lucia. 'Tis diftant from Barbadoes about 30 Lead
and very wealthy in large Timber Trees fit tori
ufes. For this Reafon 'tis often vifited by the
glifljy who ftock themfelves here with Rollers,
i'hey have endeavoured to fettle an Englilh Cji
there, but hitherto unfuccefsfully, becaule of|
Carihbc-Indians.

The Carihhees are a fort of Warlike Indiana,
lipihtino; to rove on the Sea in Periagoes or \i\

Canoas. Their chiefeft Habitations

arc on

CarMe- Indians,

IMain » but at certain Seafons of the Year they vifit ^n^l6^i^.:
tie Iflands for their Pleafure. Barbadoes was for-
nerly much frequented by them ; but fince the
F»^/(/& fettled there they have been forced to
ibindon it, and content thcmfelves in their Sea-
I'oyages, or with fuch Iflands only as are not
alTeflecl by the Europeans •, except where they
ivc hopes of conquering i as they have done at
, Lucia.

Near the Main where thefe Indians live, lies
Xihio^ which, when it was firll fettled by the
pK/ii, was much infefled by them. Thefe /«-
Jjk;, as I have heard, had formerly Plantations
In mod of the Caribbe-Illands ; and in their Sea-
\i'im did ufe to remain three Weeks or a Month

a Time on an If.md, and then remove to ano-
lier; and fo vifit mod of them before their return
I the Main.

St. Vincent is another of thefe Iflands lying near
\,L(da : We palTed between them; and feeing
[Smoke on St. Lucia^ wc fentour Boat afliore there.
|ur Men found fome of the Caribbclndians^ and
Bught of them Plantains, Bonanoes, PineApples,
pSugar-Canes \ and returning aboard again, there

^evvith them aCanao witli 3 or 4 of the Indians,
[hefc often repeated the Word Captain JVarncr^
|d feemcd to, be in fome difquict about him. We

not then- underftand the meaning of it ; but
b I have been informed that this Captain JVar-
r, whom they mentioned, was born at AntegOy
p of OUT Engitjfj Iflands, and the Son of Gover-
W l/armr^ by an Indian lVo?nan, and bred up by
! Father after the Englijh manner •, he learned the
^'M Language alfo ot his Mother •, but being
Nnup, and finding himfelf defpifed by his En-
p Kindred, he foiloo)c bis Father's Houfe, got
[ay to St. Lucia, and there lived among the Ca-
jklmliansy his Relations by the Mother Side.

A a :; Where

'^' ,v

! ■ 1 ! ■■■

..fv

i -i

6 Indian Warner killed.

'An. 1674, "Where conforming himfelf to their Cuftoms he b^

^■*^V^^^ came one of their Captains, and roved from one I-

fland to another, as they did. About this Time the

Caribbees had done fome fpoil on our Engli/h Plan.

rations at Antego : and therefore Governour PP'ar.

ner^s Son by his Wife took a Party of Men and

went to fupprefs thofe Indians, and came to the

Place where his Brother the Indian-Warner \mi

Grc;ic feeming Joy there was at their Meeting i bu!

how far it was real the Event (hewed ♦, for the £);•'

glilh-Warner providing plenty of Liquor, and invi

*ring his half-Brother to be merry with him, ii

midlt of his Entertainment ordered his Men upoi

a Signal given to murder him and all his Mm

which was accordingly performed. The Reafon ol

this inhumane Adion is diverfly reported •, foi

fay that this Indian-Warner committed all the Spoil

that was done to the Englijh •, and therefore for thai

Reafon his Brother kilPd him and his Men.

thers that he was a great Friend to the Englijh, am

would not fuffer his Men to hurt them, but did a!

that lay in his power to draw them to an amicabl

Commerce •, and that his Brother killed hi

for that he was aOiamed to be related to an h

an. But be it how it will, he was called in Qui

tion for the Murder, and forced to come Home

take his Tryal in England. Such perfidious Doin|

as thefe, befides the Bafenefs of them, are gn

hindrances of our gaining an Intereft among the h

^ians.

Putting from thefe Hands we (leered away fiii
ther Wejt, and falling in with the Eaft-end
Hifpaniolay we ranged down along on the Sou!
Side even to Cape Tibiiron, which is the fi^sjl
of the Ifland. There we lay by and fentoi
Boat alhore -, for Captain Kent had been informi
that there were great Groves of Orange-Trea ni
this Cape ^ but our Men not finding any, hetl

conclu''*'

v^"V^*

His Arrival at Jamacia."] 7

(oncluded there were none : But I have been fince -^^^ 1674.
intormed my felf by feveral that have been there,
[there are enough of them thereabouts. From
icnce we ileered away for Jamakay where we arri -
cdin a ihort Time, bringing with us the firfl News
hey had of the Peace with the Dutch.
Here, according to my Contraft, I was immcdi-
tely difcharged •, and the nex Day I went to the
im(b 'Town, called Sarit* Jago de la Vega j where
leeting with Mr. fVhalU'j^ wc went together to
blonel Heilier^s Plantation in 16 Mile-JValk, In
or way thither we pafs through Sir Thomas MuM-
krh Plantation, at the Angells^ where at that Time
ere Olta and Cacao Trees growing •, and fording a
retty large River, wc paft by the fide of it 2 or 3
iles up the Stream, there being high Mountains
in each fide. The way to 16 Mile-fValk was former-
ly a great deal about, round a large Mountain ; till
Car) Hellier the Colonel's Brother, found out
[his way. For being defirous of rmiking out a Ihor-
crCat, he and fome others coafted along the River,
I they found it run between a Rock that flood
^p perpendicularly fteep on each fide, and with
nuch difficulty they climbed over it. But a I)r»g
hat belonged to them, finding a hole to creep
bugh the Rock, fuggefted to them that there
a hollow Paflage ; and he cleared it by blow-
|ig up the Rock with Gun-powder, till he had made
[way through it broad enough for a Horfe with a
ack, and high enough for a Man to ride through.
This is called the Hollow Rock, Some other Pla-
he levelled, and made it an indifferent gocjd
faflage.

He was a very ingenious Gentleman, and doubt-
^Is had he lived, he might have propagated fome
dvantagious Arts on that Ifland. He wa'J once
ndeavouring to make Salt-Petre at the Angdh,
|iit did not brmg it to Pcrfedion. Whether the

A a 4 Fardi

fftP

• r\f

f';,'

:. ?

8 Mount Diabolo,

'^^»'5r4 Earth there was not right, I know not -, but pro.
^^^^^ bably there may be Salt-petre Earth in othe
Places, efpecially about Paflage-Fort, where, as
have been informed, the Canes will not mak
good Sugar, by Reafon of the Saltnefs of th
Soil.

I liv'd with Mr. PVballey at i6 Mile-walk for a
moft fix Months, and then enter*d my fclf into thi
Service of one Captain Heming, to manage his Plan.
tation at St. J/irtSy on the Norlh-fide of the Ifland
and accordingly rode from St. Jago de la Fega to
ward Sx.._Anns.

This Road has but forry Accommodations foi

Travellers. The firft Night I lay at a poor H

ter's Hut, 'at the Foot of Mount Diabolo on the Soui

^jGde of it, where for want of Clothes to cover mi

^ * in the Night I was very cold when the Land-wim

S". "^ . fprang up.

This Mountain' is part of the great Ridge thai
runs the length of the Ifland from Eafi to IVcjl
to the Fail 'tis called the Blew Mountain^ whii
higher than this. The next Day crofling Mouni
Diabolo y I got a hard Lodging at the Foot of itoi
the North- fide ; and the third Day after arrived
Captain Hemin^s Plantation.

I was clearly out of my Element there, and therej
fore as foon as Captain Heming came thither I
gaged my felf from him, and took my Pafl'age oi
Board a Sloop to Port-Royal^ with one M- ^ik
tham, who ufed to trade round the Ifland,
touched there at that Time.

From Port -Royal I failed with one f^r. Fifi
who traded to the North-fide of the Ifland, ai
fometimes round it : and by thefe coafting Vouii
I came acquainted with all the Ports and Bays abo
Jamaica^ and with all tlveir Manufactures •, as alfj
with the Benefit of the Land and Sea-winds. Fo|

cur Bufinefs was to bring Goods to, or carry tku

frcnj

Voyages to-jL'ards Canipcachr. 9

Planters to Pori-Royal \ and we were always ^"^ '^7J:
iertained civilly by them, both in their Houfes
li Plantations, having Liberty to walk about and
w them. They gave us alio Plantains, Yams,
'otatoes, ^c. to carry aboard with us ; on which
ftd commonly all our Voyage.
But after fix or feven Months, I left that Employ
!lo, and fliipt my felf aboard one Captain Hudfel^
fho was bound to the Bay of Campeachy to load

We failed from Port-Royal about the beginning of
mijiy \(>'JS' i" Company with Captain iVren in a
A\ Jamaica Bark, and Captain Johnfon Comman-
rof a Ketch belonging to New-Euglami
This Voyage is all the way before the Wind, and
refore Ships commonly fail it in twelve or four-
n Days i neither were we longer in our Paflage ;
r we had very fair Weather, and touched no
lere till we came to 'Trifl Ifland in the Bay of Cam-
'iihj, which is the only place they go to. In our
)• thither we firft Hiiled by little Caimanes, leav-

it on our Larboard-fidc, and Key Monbrack^
ich are two fmall Ifiands, lying South of Cuba,
he next Land we faw was the Ifle of Pines ;
id fleering (lill Wellerly, we made Cape Corien-
and failing on the "South- fide of Cuba^
I we came to Cape Antonio^ which is the Weft-end
it, we ftretched over towards the Peninfula of
(itan, and \'c\\ in with Cape Caioch, which is in

cxtream part of that Promontory towards the

The Land trends from this Cape one way South
3ut forty Leagues till you come to the Ifland Co-
M, and from thence it runs S. W. down into the
Vj of Honduras. About ten Leagues from Cape
ftcch, between it and Cozuinel^ lies a fmall Ifland
hf\hy i\it Spaniards y Key-Mugeer, or Women' s- 1-
Ml becaufe 'tjs reported that when they went

firft

;i >

H't

■ ■ if h '

Cape Catoch and its Logwood,

^»M6j5.j5rft to fettle in thcfe parts they left their Wp
' there, while they went over on the Main to find fo
better Habitation : Though now they have
Settlement near it, whatever they have had formerl]

About three Leagues from Ca-pe Catocby and iJ
againft it is a fmall Ifland called Loggerbead-M
probably becaufe it is frequently vifited by a fortf
Turtle fo call'd : near this Ifland we always find]
great Ripling, which Seamen call the Rip-raps. Th
Cape, though it appears to be part of the Main, yi
is divided from it by a fmall Creek, fcarce wide 1
nough for a Canoa to pafs through, though by it 'a
made an Ifland. This I have been credibly inforJ
fd of by fome, who yet told mc that they macti
fhift to pafs it in a Canoa.

The Cape is very low Land by the Sea, but foni
what higher a3 you go farther from the fliore. Itisi
ov'jr-gfown with Trees of divers forts, efpecialll
Logwood ; and therefore was formerly much fr|
qucnted by the Jamaica Men, who came thithtr i
Sloops to load with it, till all the Logwood-Trtj
near the Sea were cut down i but now *ts wholly
bandoncd, becaufe the Carriage of it to the (hoj
requires more Labour, than the cutting, logginj
and chipping. Befides they find better Wood now!
the "B^iy s oi' Campcachy and Honduras ^ and have but I
little way to carry it -, not above 300 Paces, whenl
was there : whereas at Cape Catoch they were fore
to carry it 1500 Paces before they left that Place.

From Capc'iCuoch we coafted along by the Dion
on the North fide of Jitcatan towards Cave Conkfl
The Coaft lies neareft Weft. The diftance betwed
thefe two Capes is about 80 Leagues. The fliorelij
pretty level without any vifible Points or Bendinj
in the Land. It is woody by the fliore, and hilh
fandy Bays and lofty Mangroves.

The firft place of note to the Weft of Cai^ ^[
toch, is a fmall Hill by thq Sf^a, call'd the Mm

7/;^ Mount. Salt-Tetre Earth. ii

|isdift:int from it about 14 Leagues. It is very An. 1675!
irkable, becaufc there is no other High-Land on ^"^^^T^
[JiisCoaft. I was never afhore here, but have met
ifomc well acquainted with the Place, who are
[of Opinion that this Mount was not natural, but
[Workot Men : And indeed it is very probable
; Place has been inhabited •, for here are a great
ny large Cifterns, fuppofed to have been made
the receiving of Rain-water, for there arc no

Springs to be found here, the Soil being all
dy and very Hilt. So that, as I have been v /edi-
f informed by an intelligent Perfon, the Spaniards
(fetch of it to make Salt-Petre. He alfo told mc,
^t being once there in a Privateer, and landing fome

on the Bay, they found about 1 00 Packs of this
rth bound up in Palmero Leaves ; and a Spanijh
"ditto to guard it. The Privateers at firft fight
fthe Packs were in hopes there had been Maiz or
iian-Corn in them, which they then wanted ; but
ening them they found nothing but Earth •, and ex-
oining the Mulatto for what ufe it was, he faid to
ake Powder, and that he expe(^ed a Bark from
y^cach^ to fetch it away. He further told me,
at tailing of it he found it very fait \ as all the
arth thereabouts was. So that it is not improba-

thac thofe Cifterns v/ere made for the carrying on

Salt-Petre Work. But whatever was the delign
I firft, it is now wholly laid afide : for there is no
': made of them ; neither are there any Inhabitants
ar this Place.

[Between the Mount and Cape Cond^cedoy clofe by
jcSea, are many little Spots of Mangrove Trees,
Ihich at a diftance appear like Iflands : but coming

arer, when other lower Trees appear, it Ihews like
fgged and broken Ground ; but at laft all the Land
fcfents it felf to your view very even.

T.he

I ■• I

.1.

■ ir "^ 'alilfl li

\m\

Indian Fijhermen.

An. 1^575. The next place of note on tl.is Coart is K\l
GartoSy almoll in the mid-way between CapeCati
and Cape Comiecedo. This alio is a very rcmarki
Place i for here are two Groves ofhighMangrov
one on each fide tlie River, by which it may
known very well. The River is but fmall, yctdc
enough for Canoas. The Water is good, and
know not any other Brook or frefli River on all
Coaft from Cape Catoch till within three or fo
Leagues of Campracby Town.

A little to the Had of this River is a Fifh-Ran
and a fmall Indian Hutt or two within the Wooa
■where the Indian F'iflicrs who arc fubjeft to
Spaniards^ lye in the Filhing-Seafons, their Habij
tions and Families being farther up in the Counti]
Here are Poles to hang their Nets on, and Barbecu
to dry their Fifh. When they go off to 3ea, tbj
lifli with Hook and Line about four or five Leagj
from the Shore, for Snappers and GroperSy which)
have already defer ibed in my Voyage round t|
World. Chap. iv. page 91.

Since the Privateers and Logwood-fliips havefaj
cd this way, thefc Fifhei-men are very fliy, haviJ
been often fnopp'd by them. So tha: now when rhJ
are out at Sea, if they fee a Sail, they prefentf
fink their Canoas even witji the edge of tht Wateij
for the Canoas when they are full of Water,
fink no lower, and they themfelves lye juft wichty
heads above Water, till the Ship which they fa\v|
pafsM by or comes nigh. I have feen them und
Sail, and they have thus vanifhed on a fudden. T|
Fil"h which they take near the. Shore with their Nej
are Snooks, Dog-Fijh, and foretimes Tarpoins.

The Tarpom is a large Icaly Fifh, fliaped mu
like a Salmon, but. fomewhat flatter. 'Tis ofadij
Silver Colour, with Scales as big as a Half Crown.
hrgQTarpo?n will weigh 25 or 30 Pound. 'Tisgo^
fwcet whokfome Meat, and the Flell.'. folid and m

Tarpom Fifh,

iB Belly you fliall find two large ScalopsofFnt, ^/\J^

ling two or three Pound each : 1 never knew ^^*^*^

"taken with Hook and Line ; but arc cither

Nets, or by ftriking thcin with Harpoons, ac

iich the MoikitC'Mtn arc very expert. The Nets

fthis Purpofe arc made with llrong double Twine,

iMcfhcs five or fix Inches Iquare. For if they

too Imall, lb that the Fifli be not intangled

^rcin, he prcfently dniws himfelF a little backward,

then fprings over the Net : Yet I have (ttcn

^m taken in a Sain madt; with Iniall Mclhes in

manner. After we have inclofed a great Num-

|r, whilll the two ends of the Net were drawing

W, ten or twelve naked Men have followed ;

U a Fifli (Iruck againft the Net, the next Man

itgrafped both Net and Fifli in his Arms, and

lid all faft till others came to his Afljfl:ance. Be-

thefe wc had three Men in^ a Canoa, in which

fv movM fide-ways after the Net *, and many of

Kilh in fpringing over the Nit, would fidl into

Canoa : And by thefe means we fliould take two

three at every draught. Thelc Filh are found

Jcntifully all along that fliore from Cape Catocb to

pj?, cfpecially in clear Water, near fandy Bays *,

; no where in muddy or rocky Ground. They are

fo about Jatnaica, and all the Coall of the Main i

eciaily near Carthagena.

[Weft from Rio de le Gartos, there is a Look-out
[Watch-tower, called 5^/^ /«. This is a Place dole
the Ihore, contrived by the Spaniards for their
^im to watch in. There are many of them on
iCoaft : Some built from the Ground with Tim-
others only little Cages placed on a Tree, big
3iigh for one or two Men to fit in, with a Ladder
|go up and down. Thefe Watch-towers are never
[thout an Indian or two all the Day long ; the In-
V'i who live near any of them being obliged to
'w their turns.

Abouc

il ■;•

Lookouts and Salt Trends.

M. f67r About thrff or four Leagiirs Wellward of 5,/^
is another Watch-box on a liigh Trtr, called /J
chamhee Lookout^ from \ l.irgc Inci'ian Town of tn
Name, four LiCagut's up in the Country \ andti
Leagues farther within Land is anotlicr Town calli
ChincbancbiY. I have been afhorc at thefc Lo'.hm
and have been either rowing in a Canao, or wall
ing afliorc on all this Coaft, even from Rie M
Gartos to Capf Condecedo : but <iid never fee aj
Town by the Shore, nor any Houfcs befides Fill
ing-Hucts on all the Coaft, except only at Wi
Between Selam and l.iuchanchee are many fmall r
gular Salt Ponds, divided from each other bylitJ
Banks ; the biggeft Pond not above ten Yards loj
and fix broad.

The Inhabitants of thefe two Towns attend th
Ponds in the Months of Af^v, June^ and Jul'j
gather the Salt, which fupplies all the Inland To«
of thefe Parts •, and there is a fkirt of Wood
tween the Sea and the Ponds, that you can neitii
fee them nor the People at work till you come
fhore.

From thefe Salt Ponds further Weft, about thn
or four Leagues, is the Lookout called Sifal. TiJ
is the higheft and moft remarkable on all the Coal]|
it (lands clofe by the Sea, and it is built withTimt
This is the firft Objed that we make oflF at Sea ;
fometimcs we take it for a Sail, till running i^m
we difcover the high Mangrove-Trees appearing |
fmall Tufts at feveral diftances from it.

Not far from hence there is a Fort with forty 1
fifty Soldiers to guard the Coaft % and fromi
place there is a Koad through the Country toi
City of Merida. This is tlie chiefeft City in all I
Province of Jucatan, it being inhabited moftiywij
Spaniards : Yet there are many Indian FamilicsJ
mong them, who live in great Subje(5lion, asdoi
reft of the Indians of this Country. The Provif

.^v\-

John Flullock V Surprijal, t j

pi/i'iww, crpfci;illy this Northern and the moft/M_>^->-

Iftcrly part of it is but incliflcrt-ntly fruitful, in
nparil'on of that riri Soil f.irtlier to tlie Welt :
[is it pretty populous of /;/<//V/;/j, who all live to-
iler in Towns 1 but none within five or fix Milci

(the Sea, except (as I faid) at two or three Fifhinpj
cs \ and even there the Imliatis refort to filh but

Icertain Scalbns of the Year. Therefore when Pri-

[tfcn come on this Coaft, they fear not to land md
nblc about, as if they were in their own Country,
^ing for Game of any fort, either Fowl or Deer •,

[both which there are great plenty, cfpecially of
latter, though fometimcs they pay dear for it :

Ifmall Januiica Privateer once landed fix or fcvcri

tn at this Lookout of Sifal ; who not fulpedling

Dano^er, ordered the Canoa with three or four

|ento row along by the fhore, to take them in up-
thcir giving a fign or firing a Gun : But within

[It an Hour they were attack'd by about forty Spa-
Soldiers, who had cut them oiF from the (hore,
[whom they furrendcred themfelves Prifoners. The
muirds carried them in Triumph to the Fort, and
en demanded which was the Captain. Upon this
eyall Hood mute, for the Captain was not among
m i and they were afraid to tell the S/ af/iarrls fo,
■fear of being ill hanged for Straglers •, neither
lanyoneof rhem dare to aflTume that Title, be-
ufe they had no Commiflion with them, nor the
Dpyof it ', for the Captains don't ufually go afhorc
[thout a Copy at Icaft of their CommifTion, which
I wont to fecure both themfelves and their Men.
At lad one John Uullock cock*d up his little
optHiu, and told them he was the Captain •, and
Spaniards demanding his Commiflion, he faid in
aboard j for that he came afliorc only to hunt,
btthinking to have met any En^Miiy. I'he Spamarch
rrewell fatisfied with this Anlv/er, and afterwards
rpeM him as the Captain, and ferved him with

better.

1^
II , 'I

It ■;

lilcs dcs Arenas.

Am. 1675 better Pro vifion and Lodging th:in the red ; andtlJ
^'^'V^^next day when they were fent to the Citv or'y^ii
about tweJve or thirteen Leagues from thence Can
Hullock had a Horfe to ride on, while the reft V(
on Foot : And though they were ali kept in dol
Prifon, yet Hullock had the Honour to be often fe]
for to be examined at the Governour's Houfe,
was frequently regal*d with Chocolate, ^c. f J
thence they were carried to Cam peachy Town, whei
ftiil Captn'm Hullock was better ferved than hisCon
rades : At laft, I know not how, they all gotthei
Liberties, and Hullock was ever after called Cm2
Jack. > ■ ^

It is about eight Leagues from Sifal to CapeCmi
cedo ; twenty Leagues North of which lies a fnw
Ifland, call'd by the Spaniards^ IJles dcs Arenas, bJ
the Englijh Seamen, as is ufual with them, cord
the Name ftrangely ; and fome call it the Lcm
others the Defarcujfes ; but of this Ifland, having ni
ver (ttn it, I can give no account.

All this Coaft from Cape Catoch to Cape Conki\
is low Land, the Mount ovX'j e -^epted. It is md
findy Bay by the Sea ; yet fomc of it is Mangrovi
Land \ within which you have fome Spots ofdij
Savannah, and fmall fcrubbed Trees, with Hioj
thick Bufties among them. The Sea deepens gradij
ally from the Ihore, and Ships may anchor infai
Ground in any depth from feven or eight Foot tod
or twelve Fathom Water.

In fome Places on this Coafl we reckon oun
fiance from the Shore by the depth of the Sea, allo^
ing four Fathom for the firft League, and tor eve
Fathom afterwards a League more.

But having got thus to CapeCoridecedo, Iflialh
fer the further defcription of thefe Parts from li
Cape Southward and Weftward to the High-Landj
St. Martlr.^ which is properly the Bay oiCam^ed^

and from thence alio further Weilwurd, till my

cofl

OncBufhKcy: Oyfters, 17

d coming on this Coaft, when I made fo long a^^"- '675.
IV here. To proceed therefore with my prclent ^OP^

; having paft Cap Caioch^ the Mount, Rio de
tartoSf Sifal, and Cape Condecedo^ we ftood South-
ddireftlyfor 2ri/?, the Haven of our Logwood-
Iters ; at which Place being not above 60 Leagues
ant, we foon arrived.

^n}\ is the Road only for big Ships, fmaller

*els that draw but a little Water run 3 Leagues

er, by eroding over a great Lagune that runs

mthelfland up into the Main- Land, where they

hor at a Place culled One-Bu/h-Ke^. We ftaied

^n'ii three Days to fill our Water, and then with

two Conforts failed thence with the Tide of

od i and the fame Tide arrived there. This Key

ot above forty Paces long, and five or fix broad,

ing only a little crooked Tree growing on it,

for that Reafon it is called Orn-Bujh-Key. It

s to be only a Heap of Shells, for the Ifland is

ered with them. The greateft Part are Oyfter-

:1k There are a great many Oyfter-banks in

Lagune, and the adjacent Creeks, but none af-

better, either for Largenefs or Tafte, than the

k about this Ifland. In the wet Seafon the Oyfl:-

aswell of One-Bujh-Ke'^ as other Places here, are

idefrcfli by the Frefhes running out of the Coun-

: But in the dry Time they are fait enough. In

Creeks they are fmaller, but more numerous ;

the Mangrove-Roots that grow by the Sides of

Creeks are loaden with them ; and fo are all the

nches that hang in the Water.

^ii^-Bu/h-Key is about a Miic from the Shore ; and

againft the Ifland is a fmall Creek that runs a

le farther, and then opens into another wide La-

e; and through this Creek the Logwood is

ught to the Ships riding at the Key. Between

Oyfter-Banks that lye about the Ifland and the

there is good Riding in about 1 2 Foot Wa-
'01.. U. B b tcr.

&:n

ii '

'11
i

t ■

it •>

!|i

IS Frolickfome LogiL'ood-Cuttirs.

irfj^ i6j7.ter. The Bottom is very fofr Oaz, infomuch
we are forced to fhooe our Anchors to make thi
hold. The Main by it is all low Mangrovy-Lai
which is overflow'd every Tide ; and in the
Seafon is covered with Water. Here wc lay to t;
in our Lading.

Our Cargo to purchafe Log- wood was Rum ;
Sugar ; a very good Commodity for the Log-w
cutters, who were then about 250 Men, moiUi
lijh, that had fettled themfelves in fevcral Pla
hereabouts : Neither was it long before we had thi
Merchants came aboard to vifit us ; we were bui
Men and a Boy in the Ship, and all little enough
entertain them : for befidcs what Rum we fold by
Gallon or Firkin, we fold it made into l^un
wherewith they grew Frolickfome. We had n
but fmall Arms to fire at their drinkir^; Heiilihs
therefore the Noife was not very great at a Diliam
but on Board the Veffels we were loud enoue^h
all our Liquor was fpent : We took no Monty
Ki nor exped:ed any -, for Log-wood was wiiat
came hither for, and we had of that in lieu of
Commodities after the Rate of five Pound /wT
to be paid at the Place where they cut it:
we went with our Long-boat to fetch fmall Qc
titles. But becaufe it would have taken upaloi
time to load our Veffel with our own Boat
we hired a Periagoof the Logwood-Cutters to bri|
it on Board ; and by that means made
quicker Difpatch. I made two or three Trips
their Huts, where I and thofe with me were alw
very kindly entertain'd with Pig and Pork,
Peafe, or Beef and Dough-Boys. Their Beef li
got by hunting in the Savannahs, As long as
Liquor laifed, which they bought of us, v\ew
treated with it either in Drams or Punch. But
a more particular Account of the Logwood-Cu
I fhall refer the Reader to my fecond Voyage lutlii

\V Woodcr'j Efcape from Campcachy. 19

^Iiichl made fhortly after my Return to Jainaica^^n- »6'^f«
caufe I faw a great Profpcvft of getting Money ^-^^VNi
frc, if Men would be but diligent M\iS. frugal.

But let's proceed with our \'oyage. It was the
liter end of »S'<?/'/^w/'t'r, T675. when we failed from
\>-h.jh-K''"^ with the Tide of Ebb -, and anchored
riin at 'T^r'iji that fame Tide •, where we watered
urVcffel in order to fail. Ihis we accomplilhed
j two Days, ' and the third Day failed from '■Tr'ift
kard Jivnaica. A Voyage which proved very
dious and hazardous to us, by Rcafon of our Ships v
ting fo lluggiih a Sailer that She would not ply to
I'indward, whereby we were ncccffariiy driven

on fevcral Shoals that otherwife we might have
folded, and forced to fpend thirteen Weeks in our
iOage, which is ufually accomplilhed in half that
(ime.
iWchad now a PafTenger with us, one FVill. TVood-

a Jamaica Seaman, that with three others that
[ere taken by the Spaniards^ was lent to the City

Mexico^ where they remained Prifoncrs Cm or

;ht Months, but at Lift were remanded to La Vem

h.z, and from thence by Sea to Campeachy : They

be not imprifoned, but only kept to work on

card the Ship that brought them, and foon found

Opportcniry of making their Kfcapes in this man-
They had been employed afl^ore all the Day,

being lent aboard at Night they fell to con-
ivehow to run away with the Boat ; butconfidering
hrtliey wanted Necellaries for their Voyage, they
loh'cd firft to go bark and fupply themfclvcs,
kh rhcy might then do the better, becaufe tliey
hv there were none but a few InJians on Board.
tcordingly having feiz'd and bound thic IndUifis^
':ng with them a Compafs, with feme Bread and
fjtcr, they put olTro Sea, and arriv'd at 1'rljl a Week
Tore our Departure : And this JViUJf'ocdersw:^'^ the
^ws under Ciod of the Prefervation of our Ship.

ij b -'. Tiie

fj.i

' ' ♦ '■ ■

V I'l

\ ' us

iU i

20 The Author chafed, and narrowly ef cafes.

An. 1675. The third Day, after we left Tr/T?, about eight
the Morning, near twelve or fourteen Leagui
W. S. W. from Campeach"^^ we faw two Sail aboui
three Leagues to Windward coming diredtly towan
us, the Captain fuppofing that they had been 'jam
ca Veflels, would have lain by to hear fomeNews, am
to get fome Liquor from them ; for we had no
none on Board but a few Bottles in a fmall Cafe,
that the Captain referved for his own Drinking,
But Woodcrs withftood the Captain's Propofal, m
told him, that when he came from Campeachj then
were two fmall Veflels ready to fail for Tohnfco Ri
ver, which h not above 1 1 or 1 2 Leagues Leeward
Trift, and that it was more probable thefc were tholi
two Veflels than any from Jamaica, Upon this wi
edged off more to Sea, and they alfo alter'd thci
Courfe ft:eering away fl.ill diredly with us •, fo tii;
we were now aflfured they were Span'mydi \ am
therefore we put away •, quartering, and fteeringNj
\V. and though they ftill fctch'd on us a-pace, yji
to make the more Speed they turned a Boat looii
that was in Tow at one of their Sterns, and Slii
being a good Sailor came within Gun-fliot of us
when, as it pleafed God, the Land-wind dyed
way of a fudden, and the Sea Breeze did not y
fpring up.

"While the Wind lafl:ed we thought our felvi
but a Degree from Prifoners •, neither had we y
great Hopes of efcaping ; for our Ketch, even ii:k
light, was but a dull Sailer, worfe being deep loadei
However, we had now time to unbend the Ford
and make a ft:udding Sail of it, to put right
fore the Sea-Breeze when it fliould fpring up. T
was accordingly done in a Trice, and in lefs than
Hour after the Breeze fprung up frefh, andwepj
right before the Wind. We had this Advantage
it, that all the Sail wc had did us Service •, while

the contrary, thcfe who chafed us, being tb

Mil

Black Cloud, fifh/ng- Banks. 1 1

Jalt Vcflels, could not bring all theirs to draw -, An. 1675.
[heir After-fails becalmed their Head-fails, and we ^-OO*'
eld them tack for two or three Hours, neither gain-
ngnor lofing Ground. At laft the Wind frefhing
pnby the coming of a Tornado, we gained confide-
hbly of them i fo they fired a Gun and left their
[Ihafe, but we kept on crouding till Night i and
|liM clapp'd on a Wind again and faw no more of

Ihem.
In about a Fornight after this, we were got as tar
I the Eail as Rio de la Gartos^ and there overtook
^s a fniall Barmtidocs Boat belonging to Jamaica
^iiich had not been above ten Days come from Trr/?,
|fho failed much better than we did. Therefore our
klerchant went on board of her, for he faw wc
fere like to have a long Paflage i and Provifion
egan to be fcarce already, which he could not fo
►ell brook as we. Our Courfe lay all along againft
V Trade-wind.

All the Hopes that we had was a good North, this
eing the only Time of the Year for it : and foon
fterwefawa black Cloud in the N. W, (which is a
|gn of a North, but of this more in my Difcourfe of
finds) for two Days, Morning and Evening. The
jiird Day it rofe apace and came away very fwiftly.
Ve prefencly provided to receive it by furling
1 but our Main-fail ; intending with that to take
be Advantage of it, Yet this did us but little
ervice ; for after an Hour's Time, in which it blew
elh at N. W. the Cloud went away, and the Wind
^me about again at E. N. E. the ufual Trade in thefe
ires. We therefore made ufe of the Sea and Land-
feezes, as we had done before \ and being now
gh as the beforemention'd Fijhing Banks on the
forth of Jucatan^ we lb ordered our Bufinefs, that
|ith the Land-winds we run over to the Banks •,
nd while it was calm between the Land-winds
MSa- Breeze, we put out our Hooks and Lines and

Bb z

fiOicd,

'■■#

2 2 The Captain's ^ifafter I turbulent Sea.

An.it-j^ fifhed, and got Plenty every Morning : One TimJ
our Captain after he had haled in a good Fifh, bcirj
eager at his Sport, and throwing out his Line toi
hafiily, the Hook hitched in the Palm of his HandJ
and the Weight of the Lead that was thrown v.'itli
ii Jerk, and hung about fix Foot from the Hook]
forced the Beard quite through, that it appearcdaj
the Back of his LLind.

Soon after this we got as high as the Mount, and
then flood off about ^o Leagues from Land, inhopej
to get better to Windward there, than ntar nj
Shore •, bccaufe the Wind was at E. S. L. and S. t]
by E. afrefh Gale : continuing fo 2 or 3 Days. Wj
fleered off to the North, expcding a Sea-Breezcaj
E. N. E. and the third Day had our Define. Thci(
we tack*d and fleered in again S. E.. for the Shore 1
Jii:ala)\ Our Ketch, as I faid, was a heavy SailerJ
efpecially on a Wind : for flie was very iliort •, and
having great round Bows, when we met a Mc.ukSeaJ
as now, fhe plunged and laboured, not going a-heidj
but tumbling like an E'gg-fhell in the Sea. Itwa
my Fortune to be at the Helm from 6 a Clock in \\k
Evening till 8. The firfl 2 Glaffes Ihe fleered vera
ill i for every Sea would flrikc her dead like aLcgj
then flic would fall off 2 or 3 Points from the Wir;]
the Helm was a Lee ; and as flie rccovcredJ
and made a little way, fhe would come again totiiJ
Wind, till another Sea flruck her oii' again. Bythaj
Time 3 Glaffes were out the Sea became more rmoo:!ij
and then fhe fleered very well, and made prfU)[
frefli way through the Water. I was fonKwli
furprized at the fudden Cliange, from a rougliSsi
to a fmooth -, and therefore looked over-board 2oi
3 Times i for flie fbeered open on the Deck, and
being very fair Wer, ther, all our Men were lain dowj
on the Deck and fallen aflcep. My Captain wasji:!|
behind me on the Quarter Deck fafl afleep too, to
neither he nor they dreaded any Danger, we bein^

■ • abo:

Alcrane Iflands,

3iit 30 Leagues from the Main-Land, at Noon,--*". 1675.
ill as we thought, not near any Ifland. C/VX*

iBiit while I was mufing on the fuddcn Alteration

the Sta, our Vefiel Itruck on a Rock, with fuch
orce that the Whipftati" threw me down on my
ick: 1 his frighted me fo much that I cried out,
jid bad them all turn out, for the Ship ftruck. 1 he
that the Ship made on the Rock, awakened
loFi of our Men, and made them ask. What the
lucer was ? But her itriking a fecond Time, foon
pered the Queftion, and let us all to work for our
lives. By good Fortune ihe did not ftick, but kept
I her way ilill, and to our great Comfort, the Wa-
[r was very fmooth, otherwife we mud certainly
avebeen lolt •, for we very plainly faw the Ground
nder us: lb we let go our Anchor, in 2 Fathom
f'atcr, clean white Sand : When our Sails were furl-
[|, and a fufficient Scope of Cable veered out, our
fjptain, being yet in amaze, went into his Cabin,

moll of us with him to view his Draught, and
^e foon found we were fallen foul of the Jlcranes.
The Altfiines are 5 or 6 low fandy Iflands, lying
theLat. of about 23 d. North, and diltant from
|icCo;itl oijucatan about 25 Leagues j the biggoll
not above a Mile or two in Circuit. They are
lilhint from one another 2 or 3 Miles, not lying in a
l-ine, but fcattering here and there, with good Chan-
ds of 20 or 30 Fathom Water, for a Ship to pals
etween. All of them have good Anchoring on
he Weft- fides, where you may ride in what l>pths
[oupleafe, from 10 to 2 Fathom Water, clean fan-
ly Ground. On fome there are a few low Buflies of
)(irton-wood, but they are moftly barren and fandy,
earing nothing but only a little Chicken- Weed ;
either have they any frefh Water. Their Land-
Inimals are only large Rats, which are in great
[lenty -, and of Fowls, Boobies in vaft Abundance,
^ith Men of War and Egg-Birds. Thefe inhabic

B b 4 only

1;,

' W^

r1';-

^1 h

iil'ii'^i} 111

t. r'

24 Its Inhabitants i and the manner of Liv'm\

ii<f». 1675 only fome of the Northcrmoft of them, not pro
^^'^f^^ mifcuoufly one among another, but each fort withii
theii own Prccinds, (viz.) the Boobies and the otho
two forts each a-part by themfelves ; and thus twi
or three of the Iflands are wholly taken up. Th
Boobies being moft numerous, have the greatel
Portion of Land. The Egg-Birds, tho' they aremj
ny, yet being but fmall, take up little room to th
reft : Yet in that little part which they inhabit
they are folc Mafters, and not difturbcd by thej
Neighbours. All three Sorts are very tame, cfpecj
ally the Boobies, and fo thick fettled, that a Mi
cannot pafs through their Quarters, without cominj
within Reach of their Bills, with which they continu
ally peckt at us. I took notice that they fat in Pairs]
and therefore at firft thought them to be Cock an
Vxtn i but upon ftriking at them, one flew awii
from ^ each Place, and that which was left behinl
feemed as malicious as the other that was gone.
admired at the Boldnefs of thofe that did not i{
away, and ufcd fome fort of Violence to force then
but in vain •, for indeed thefe were young Ones, an|
had not yet learned the ufe of their Wings, th^
they were as big and as well feathered as their Danj
only their Feathers were fomething whiter m
frefher. I took notice that an old one, either th
Cock or Hen, always fat with the Young to fecuij
-them J for otherwife thefe Fowls would prey oneac
other, the Strong on the weak, at leaft thofe of |
different Kind would make bold with their NeigW
bours : the Men-of- War-Birds as well as the hi
bies left Guardians to the Young, when they wen
off to Sea, left they ihould be ftarved by thei
Neighbours •, for there were a great many oldanj
lame Men-of- War-Birds that could not fly off toScT
to feck their own Food. Thefe did not inhabitamonj
their Conforts, but were either expelled the Con
rjninity, or elfe choic to lye out at fome Diftand

Sharks^ Sword- Fifh, Nurfes,

om the reft, and that not altogether •, but fcatter--^»j^i675.
here and there, where they could rob fi^cureft :

lliwnear 20 of them on one of the Iflands, which

binftimes would fally into the Camp to feck for

oory, but prefently retreated agiin, whether they
tot any thing or nothing. If one of thefe lame Birds
found a young Booby not guarded, it prefently gave

lim a good Poult on the Back with his Bill to make
difgorge, which they will do with one Stroak,
Indit may be caft up a Fifh or two as big as a Man's
[\'rift J thJs they fwallow in a Trice, and march off,

ndlook out for another Prize. The found Mcn-
if-War will fometimes ferve the old Boobies fo off
(tSea. I have feen a Man-of-War fly direftly at a
)ooby, and -y^^e it one Blow, which has caufed it

call up a large Fifh, and the Man-of-War flying
|iredly down after it, has taken it in the Air, be-
ore it reach'd the Water.

There are Abundance of Fifli at fome Diftancc
bm thefe Iflands, by which the Fowls inhabiting
lere, are daily fapplied.

The Fi(h near the Ifland, are Sharks, Sword-Fi flies,
hdNurfes •, all three forts delighting to be near fandy
jiys} thofe that I fiiw here were but of a fmall
fze, the Sword- fifli not above a Foot and a half,

t\70 Foot long •, neither were the Sharks much

nger, and thcNtirfes about the fame Length, The
^urfe is jufl: like a Shark, only its Skin is rougher,
VA is ufed for making the finefl: Rafps. Here are
fany Seals : they come up to fun themfelves only

two or three of the Iflands, I don't know whe-
p "xaftly of the fame kind with thofe in colder
ilimates, but, as I have noted in my foVmer Book,
fey always live where there is Plenty of Fifli.

To the North of thefe Iflands lyes a long L.cdge of
jocks bending like a Bow •, it feems to be 10 or 12
rardsv,ide, and about 4 Leagues long, and 3 Leagues
'tint from the Jfland. TJiey are above Wa-
ter,

Ji!

1 ) ? j.)

h- m-'"

fffi'

Jbt.

2(S A llrong Current : Seal and its Oyl

• 675. tcr, all joining very dole to one another, except
^^ one or two Places, where are fmall Paflagt-s aboug
nine or ten Yards wide ; 'twas through one oi
thefe that Providence directed us in the Night-, fop
the next Morning we law the Riff about half aiMilj
to the North of us, and right againlt us wj
a linall Gap, by which we came in hither, but co^
ming to view it more nearly with our Boat, wc did
not dare to venture out that way again. One Rd
fon why we would have gone out to the NortlJ
ward, was, becaufe from our Main-top we law ihd
Iflands to the Southward of us, and being unacj
quainted, knew not whether we might find amona
them a Channel to pafs through •, our fccond Real'oJ
was the Hopes of making a bitter Slant in lor tnd
Shore, it we could weather the Eaft end of m
Kill. In order to this we wciged Anchor, keeping
down by the Side of the Rilf till we were at th
Well end of it, wliich was about a League fron
where we anchored : tlien we flood off to the Nurw
anc' there kept plying off and on to weatiicr {\\i
Eait end of the ki.r", three D lys •, but not bcingatl
to elieci it, by Reafon of a llrong Cum nt kmi
to the N. \V. v.'e ran back again ro the Weft ciiJ
the Rilf, and ileerrd away tor the Iflands. T'lieri
"ve anchored and lay three or four Days, i^nd vifuej
mofl of tliem, and found Plenty of luch Crcatures[
as I have already dcfcribc:i.

Though here was great Store of iuch good I'oo
and we like to want, yet we did neither lalt any, na
fpend of it frefh to lave our Stock. I found theij
all but one Man averfe to it, but I did heartily \^ill
them of another Mind, becaufe I dreaded waiuinj
before the end of the Voyage i a Hazard which
needed not to i^in, there being here fuch Pknty
Fowls and Seals, (elpecially of the latter) tliar ill
Spaniards do often come hither to make Oyl of the!
Fat j upon which Account it has been vifited by ij

Cnptain Lone; Shipwrecked. 27

kmrn from Jamv.ca^ particularly !)y Capt. Z.o;/^ : ^»- «<^7S.
L hiving the Cotiitn ind of a fm.ill Bark, came ^^*^^
brr purpoicly to make Scal-Oyl, and anchored on
jj^orth fick of one oi" the Tandy Idan-ls, the moft

flvcniciit Place, for his Dcfigii : Having got

tore his Cask to put his Oyl in, and fct up a Tent

lodging himfelf and his Goods, he began to
81 the Seal, and had not wrought ahove three or
or Days before a fierce North-wind blew his Bark
liore. By good Fortune flie was not damnified : but

Company being but fmall, and fo defpiiring of
Iri'ig her atloat again, they fell to contriving how
Ut away j a very difficuli 'f'ask to accomj)lifh, for
ns 24 or 2*5 Leagues to the nenreft Phicc of the
lain, and above too Leagues to T*///^, which was the
« Englijh .Settlement. But contrary to their Fx-

ition, inftead of that, Capr. L')!:g bid them fol-

' their Work of Seal-kilJing and making Oyl i

faring them that he would undertake at his own

TJlto carry them fafe to 'Irij}. This though it went

Jjchagainft the Grain, yet at lall he fo far prevail-

Ibyfair Words, that they were contented to gd

iwith their Seal-killing, til! they had filled all tl\eir

But their greatelt Work was yet to do, z-'z,

[v.' they fhould gcr over to the Main, and then

if" down before the Wind to T'r'ift. Their Boat was

it bijr enough to tranfport them, fo they conclu-

CO cut down the Barks Mafts and rip up her
tck to make a Float for that Purpofe.
Hiiis being agreed on, the next Morning betimes,
|rl'jant to their Rcfolution, they were going to
pk up their Veffel -, but it hapcned that very'
fghr, that two NczV'En^la}id Ketches going down
'^'/, ran on the Backfidc of ihc Ri;f, where they
[kIv on the Rocks, and were bulged \ and Cap-
hLi;ig and his Crew feeing them in Diilrefs, prc-
py took rhcir Boat>, and went off to help them
jlide their Goods, and bring them afhore : and

U '%

b i i'ili*^ I
!T..rl'i ■

2 8 Seamens Thoughts of Capt. Long.

•^•- ''75 in Requital they furnilhccl the Captain with Iqc
^^^"^"^ Tackle and otiicr Ncceflaries as he wanted, an
aflifted him in the launching his Vcflcl, and Ldm
his Oyl, ami lb they went merrily away for Tr;l
This lucky Accident was much talked of aniongl
the Captain's Crew \ and fo cxafperatcd the AvJ
England Men, when they heard the whole Story
that they were thinking, if the Commanders wouli
have futfcrcd them, to have thrown him into in
Sea, to prevent his doing more Mifchicf. For thc
were furc that he by his Art had caufed them to ru,
aground. The whole of this Relation I had Iron
Captain Long himfelf.

From the main to thefe Iflands, the Sea deepen
gradually till you come to about thirty Fathoii
Water, and when you are twenty five or twenty fJ
Leagues olF Shore to the Eaftward of them, if yc
fteer away Well, keeping in that Depth, you a
not mifs them : The fame Rule is to be obfervc
to find any other Ifland i as the Trianglr^, the Ifld
D.^j Arenas, &c. for the Bank runs all along
Shore, on which are Soundings of equal Dcptli
and the Sea appears of a muddy palilh Colour, bJ
when paft the Bank on the North-fide of it, it ra
fumes its natural Grecnnels, anc' '«' too deep foranj
Sounding till you are within tairty Leagues of ;li
North fide of the Bay of Alcxkoy where by Rdd
on there is fuch another Bank, Cabouiiding wia
Oyfters) running all along the Shore : But toretorj
to our Voyage.

Having fpent two or three Days among the i|
rrti/zd-i Iflands we fet fail again, and fleering in Soutlit!|
Jy for the Main, having the Wind atE. N. E. weie
in with It a little to Leeward of Cape Ca:o:l\ p!\j
ing under the Shore till wc reach'd tlic Cape ; iroif
thence we continued our Courfc Northerly, tfj
Wind at E. by S. The next Land we dcfigned \i
was Ca^c Antonk^ which is the Wcllcrnioft ^^i

ftijfes through the Colorado ShoUs. j^

the Ifland Guha^ and diftant from Cape Catoch An i'.:;.'
,out 40 Leagues. U^'YXi

Some when they Hiil out of the Ray, keep along
the Land of Jucatau^ till they come as far as
jlland Cozumely and from thence II retch over
»irds (^'Uha \ and if the Wind tavours them any
img they will get as high as Cape Co; 7>«/c'j before
•shW in with O/Z'rt i for in their PalTagc from
ence they arc not in {o much danger ol being hur-
laway to the North by the Current between the
Iro Capes, or to tiie North of them, as we were :
lor talcing our Courfc Nortiiwarcl till ihe Latitude
22(1. 30 m. we tack'd again and the Wind at K.
tred away S. S. L. 2j\. Hours, and having taken an
[bfervation of the Sun, as we did the Day before,
ndour felves in 23 d. being driven bickwards in
Hours 30 Miles. We had then the Channel
fp between the two Capes, but to the North of
|ther : Yet at laft we got over to the Cuba fliore,
fell in with the North of the Ifland, about 7 or
iLcagucs from Cape Antonio. Now we both faw
Id ran thro' fome of the Colorado Sholes, but found
(very good Channel among a great many Rocks
at appeared above Water. Being thus got within
Sholes, between them and Cuhn^ we found a
btty wide clear Channel and good Anchoring •, and
Ivancing further, within a League of the Cape,
Anchored and went afliore to get Water, but
|ynd none. In the Evening when the Land-wind
rung up, we weighed again, and doubling the
^pe, coafted along on the South- fide of the Ifland,
bng the Advantages both of Sea and Land-winds :
or though we had now been about two Months
Dm Trijl, and this the time of the Year, for
lorths, yet to our great trouble they hnd hiiiicrto
i!;d us, and befides, as I faid hrfor?*, our Ketch
liich a Leeward ly VciiW, that we did not yet ex-
clwc could pofTibly reach Jamaica meei ly by turn-

mg^

i| Hit

K 'Aiti

•Al

\ ■■>

yt.

30 Grand Cay manes : IfJe of Pines.

'^». i675,ing, though fomecimrs afTifted by Sea and Lani
^Or^ Winds. In about a Week alter this, we goti
with, and coaltcd along the Iflc of Pines^ for 7
8 Leagues, and then Hood oft' to Sea, and tl
third Morning fell in with the Weil-end of GraJ
Caytnancs.

This Ifland is about 40 leagues South from Vm
and about 15 to the Weil of litile Caymancs. \\
anchored at the Weft-end, about half a Mile fro
the iliore. We found no Water nor any Provif
but faw many Crocodiles on the Bay, fome of whii
would fcarce ftir out of the way for us. We ki!
none of them (which we might eafily have doni
though Food began to be fliort with us •, indeed \i
it been in the Months of June or July we might prj
bably have gotten Turtle, for they frequent ttf
Ifland fome Years as much as they do little Cit
manes. We ftayed here but 3 or 4 Hours, ail
iteered back for Pines, intending there to Ininrtl
Beef or Hog, of both which there is in great plel
ty. I'he lecond day in the Morning we fell
with the Weft-end of Pines, and running about 4i
5 Miles Northward, wc anchored in 4 fathom Watj
clean Santl, about 2 Mile from the Shore, andrigj
againft a fmall Creek through the Mangroves:
a wide Lagune.

The Iftes of Pines lies on the South-fide, towarJ
the Weft-end of Cuba, and is diftant from it 3 or]
Lea'gues. Cape Corientes on Cuba is five or
Leagues to the Weftward of the Iflc of Pifics,
tween Pines and Cuba are many fmall woody Iilanj
fcattered here and there, with Channels for Shij
to pafs between ; and by report there is good ancli
ring near any of them. Jamaicd Sloops do ton
times pals through between Cuba and Phin^ wli
they are bound to W'^indward, bccaufe there 1
Sea is always fmooth : They are alio certain 1
meet good Land-winds •, befides they can anrlid

\\:a

Soldiers of Cape Coiicntcs. j i

they plcafe, and thereby take the benefit of /?«. r^?^.

Tides i and when they arc got pafl the Kail-end ''^v'">-

f'int'i^ they may either (land out to Sea again,

fit they are acquainted among the Tmall Iflands

ithe Eaft of it, (which arc called tiic Sculh Keys

'Cuk) they may range amongd them to the

^ard, ftill taking the greater benefit oi the 1 .and-
nds and Anchoring ; befides, if Provifion is fcarcc
fv will meet Jamaica Turtlers, or < Ifc may get
turtle thcmfelves, at which many of them are ex-
^t. There is alfo plenty of Filh of many forts,
i:[if they are not provided wii.h I looks, Lines, or
larpoons, or any oiher Filliing-Crait, nor ineer. with
Ly Turtlers, Cuba will aiioid them ouftcnance of
iogor Beef. The gr^rat inconvenience of going
(theinfidcof Pi;;?.v between it and Ctiha^ proceeds
m a Sjamjh Garrilbn of about 40 Soldiers at
ape Corientt'i^ v/ho have a large Periago, well fit-
(d with Oars and Sails, and are ready to launch
lit, and feize any fmall VelTel, and feldom fpare
|e Lives as well as the Goods of thofe that fall into
leir Hands for fear of telling Tales. Such Vil-
nies are frequently pradifed not only here, but
lib in fcveral otiier places of the IFe'^- Indies^ and
lat too with fuch as come to trade with their
Duntry-men. The Merchants and Gentry indeed

noway guilty of fuchAdions, only the Soldiers
|id Rafcality of the People ; and thefe do corn-
only confill of Mnlatoes or lomc other fort of
ppper-colour'd Indians, who arc accounted very
rbarous and cruel.

ITlie Ifle of Pines is about 1 1 or 1 2 Leaguer, long,

|d 3 or 4 broad. The Weil-end of it is low

angrovy-Land •, and within, whicli is a Lagunc of

iuc 3 or 4 iMiles wide running to tlic Laihvard,

[thow fiir I. know not, with a imall Creek of 2 or

^oot Water, reaching to the Sea. llic Lagune ic

is fo fliallow, cfpecially near the Iflond, that

voa

t •>

•r^ii)

»•

i ■

\ 'i*

l-i

32 Ilk Vmzs defer ibed, Land-Crabs.

'Jin. 1675.7011 cannot bringaCanoa within 20 or 30 Paces
^^''"^r^^ the Ihore. The South fide of the Ifland is low, fl;
and rocky ; the Rocks are perpendicularly ftci
towards the Sea, fo that there is no Anchoring 1
that fide -, but the Weft-end very good in fam
Ground. The Body of the Ifland is high Lan
with many little Hills incompafling a high Pike
Mountain ftanding in the middle. The Trees ti
grow here are of divers forts, moft of them ui
known to me. Red Mangroves grow in the lo(
fwampy Land againft the Sea, but on the firm hil
part Pine-Trees are moft plentiful. Of thefe hei
are great Groves of a good height and bignefs, ftreigl
and Jarge enough to make Top-mafts, or ftandii
Mafts for fmall VeiTels ; at the Weft-end there k
pretty big River of frefti Water, but no coming
it near the Sea for red Mangroves, which grow
thick on both fides of it, that there is no gett
in among them.

The Land-Animals are Bullocks, Hogs, Deer, y
Here are fmall Savannahs for the Bullocks and
to feed in, as well as Fruit in the Wc Dds for tl
Hogs : Here are alfo a fort of Racoons or hk
Conies, and in fome places plenty of Land-Tiirtli
and Land-Crabs of two forts, white and blacl
Both of them make holes in the Ground like Conii
where they flielter themfelves all Day, and intl
Night come out to feed \ they will eat Grafs, Herl
or fuch Fruit as they find under the Trees : T
Manchaniel Fruit, which neither Bird nor Bi
will tafte, is greedily devoured by them, withoi
doing them any harm. Yet thefe very Crabs thi
feed on Manchaniel, are venomous both to Manai
Beaft that feeds on them, though the others are vei
good Meat ; the white Crabs are the largcft foi
fome of them are as big as a Mans two Filts joyni
together •, they are Ihaped like Sea-Crabs, havii
one large Claw, wherewith they wiU pinch vei

h,;;

Crahs. T)armg Crocodiled, Jj

rd, neither will they lee go their Hold, though «^»' I67^
bruife them in Pieces, unlefs you break the *''V>^
law too; but if they chance to catch your Fin-
% the way is to lay your Hand, Crab and all,
it on the Ground, and he will immediately loofe
fcHold and fcamper av/ay. Thefe white-ones build
iwetfwampy dirty Ground near the Sea, fo that
lie Tide wafhes into their Holes ; but the black Crab
more cleanly, delighting to live in dry Places^
lid makes its Houfe in fandy Earth : black Crabs
; commonly fat and full of Eggs •, they are alfo
jccounted the better Meatj tho' both forts are very
pod.

Here are alfo a great many Alligators and Cro-

ililes that haunt about this Ifland, and are faid to

the moft daring in al! the IVefl- Indies. I have

ard of many of their Tricks ; as that they have

[Uowed a Canoa, and put their Nofes in over the

iinnal, with their Jaws wide open, as if ready to

vour the Men in it : and that when they have

«n aftiore in the Night near the Sea, the Croco-

|Ies have boldly come in among them, ard made

m run from their Fire, and taken away their

leat from them. Therefore when Privateers arc

king on this Ifland, they always keep Centinels

ht to watch for thefe ravenous Creatures, as duly

they do in other Places for fear of Enemies, efpe-

ply in the Night, for fear of being devoured in

eir Sleep.

|Ths Spaniards of Cuba have here fome Craules,
/. Herds of Hogs, with a few Indians Or Mida^
to look after them : Here arc alfo Hunters
at gain a Livelihood by killing wild Hog and Beef.
[This Ifland is reported to be very wet. I have
Vd many fay, that it rains here more or lefs every
iy in the Year ; but this I fuppofe is a Miftake, for
[ere fell no Rain about us, fo long as we ftaid
1^0 L, II. Cc here.

:ia

:ff

'■y

,ll'

.' Il'i:^.'

{•}: 'A

;. -ft'

■it

Hunting Beef and Hogs.

::i<'<^

An. 1675 here, neither did I fee any Appearance of it in othJ
*^^V^ Places of the Ifland. 1

We were no fooner at an Anchor, but five of
went aOiorc, leaving only the Cook and Cabbii
Boy aboard : We had but two bad Fowling-PieJ
in the Ship •, thofc we took with us, with a Dcfia
to kill Beef and Hog. We went into the Lagun
where we found Water enough for our Canoa,
in ibme Places not much to fpare •, when we we
got almoft over it, we faw eight or ten Bulls aj
Cows feeding on the Shore clofe by the Sea. Tl
gave us great Hopes of good Succefs. We therefol
rowed away afide of the Cattle, and landed onl
fandy Bay, about half a Mile from them : therei
faw much Footing of Men and Boys ; the Imprel
/ ens feemed to be about eight or ten Days old,
fuppofed them to be the Track of Spanifi Huntej
This troubled us a little, but it being now their ilh
mas, we concluded that they were gone over to C
to keep it there, fo we went after our Game;
Boatfwain and our PafiTenger Will. M^ooders\w.
one Gun, and prefuming on their Skill in Shooti
were permitted to try their Fortune with the Cai
that we law before we landed, while the Captain
my felf with our own Gun flruck up diredly
the Woods. The fifth Man, whofe Genius led
rather to fifh than hunt, flayed in the Canoa:
had he been furnifhed with a Harpoon, he mi]
have gotten more Fifh than we did Flefh, for
Cattle fmciling our two Men before they cameni
them, ran away ; after that our Men rambled up
to tlic Country to feek for fome other Game.

The Captain and I had not gone half a Mile'uel
we came among a Drove of near 40 great and
wild Hogs. The Captain firing, wounded oni
them, but they all ran away -, and though we
lowed the Blood a good way, yet did not come;
with him, nor with any other to get a fecondSk

howel

/// Succefs in Hunting. 3 $

flwcver becaufe there was fuch a great Track of Hogs An. 1675.
J the Woods, we kept beating about, being ftill in *^'V^
opes to meet with more Game before Night, but
mo Purpofe, for we faw not one more that Day.

the Evening we returned to our Boat weary and

II at our ill Succefs. The Boacfwain and his Con-
crtwere not yet returned, therefore we ftaycd 'till
m dark, and then went aboard without them : the
ext Morning betimes we went afhore again, as well

try our Fortune at Hunting, as to recover our
ifoMen which we thought might now be returned
ithc Place where they landed ; but not feeing them,
ne Captain and I went again out to hunt, but came
ack at Night with no better Succefs than before ;
fither did we fee one Beef or Hog, though much
track all the Day. This Day he that look'd to the
ioat kill'd a young Sword-fifh with rhe Boat-hook *,
here were a great many of them, as alfo Nurfes
nd Dog-fifh, playing in fhole Water ; he had alfo
ilcover'd a Stream of frefh Water, but fo inclofed
[ith thick red Mangroves, that 'twas impoffible to

any in Cask ; we could fcarce get a littie to drink.

i two Men that went out the Day before, were
ot yet returned ; therefcye when 'twas dark we
|ent aboard again, being much perplex'd for fear of
feir falling into the Hands of the Spanijk Hunters •

we had been certain of it, we would have fail'd
refcndy, for we could not expeft to redeem them
, but might have been taken our felves, either
rthem, or by the Cape Soldiers before mentioned.
|ideed thefe Thoughts about their Danger and our
vn, kept me waking all Night. However the
Icxt Morning betimes we went afhore again, and
mi we got into the Lagune we heard a Gun fired,

which we knew that our Men were arrived -, fo we
pd another in Anfwcr and rowed away as fail as we
Buld to fetch them, defigning to fail as fogn as we
Ime aboard i for bv the Battering South and S. W,

Cc 2 Windr

111 ,

:i ii

■i! ;

36 Scarcity ofTroviJion,

An. 167^ Winds together with the Clearnefs of the Sky,

^■^^V^*' fuppofed we fhould have a North : the Land intcil

cepted our Profpeft near the Horizon in the N. \J

therefore we did not fee the black Cloud thcrj

which is a fure Prognoftick of a North ; when we car

afhore we found our two Men. They ''jll'd a Ho

the firft Day, but lofing their way, were forced 1

march like Tigres all the next Day to get to us, an

threw away moil of their Meat to lighten themfelvc

yet 'twas Night before they got to the Side of th

Lagune \ and then being three or four Miles ftii

from us, they made a Fire and roafted their Meal

and having fili*d their Bellies ; lay down to fleep, y|

had ftill a fmall Pittance left for us. We prefentj

returned aboard, and feafted on the Remains of A

Roaft-meat, and being now pretty full, got up oJ

Anchor and ftood away to the South, coailing alon

by the Ifland ; and doubling the S. W. Point,

fleered away E. S. E. We had the Wind when

weighed at Weft a moderate Gale, but veering abo^

to the North, got at N. W. By that Time wegJ

to the South Weft Point of Pines ^ and it now blij

a fierce Gale, and held thus two Days, and thd

came to the N. N. W. Rowing hard ftill, and froj

thence to the North: then \/e edged away S. E.fij

it blew hard, and we could not bring her nearer 1

Wind. From the N. it came about to the N. N.l

then we knew that the Heart of it was broke, how

ver it blew hard ftill : then it came about to the N.l

and blew about four Hours, and fo by Degrees dyj

away and edged more Eafterly, till it came toi

E. by N. and there it ftood. We were in good Hop

while the North continued, to have gotten tof

maica before it ceafed, and were forry to find oj

felves thus difappointed *, for we could not fee

Ifland, though we judged we could not be fir fro

it i at Noon we had a good Obfervation, and fooij

ourfelves in the Latitude of the Ifland.

A Conftiltation. 17

We now had not one Bit of any Kind of Food 2i-An. 1675.

ard ; therefore the Captn in defired to know our ^^^V^J

inions what to do, and which way we might foon-

gec to fome Shore, either to beat for Jamaica^ or

ibear away before the Wind, for the South Keys.

the Seamen but my fclf, were for going to the

outh Keys, alledgin^- that our Ship being fuch a dull

likr would never go to Wind-ward without the

rfelp of Sea and Land Breezes, which we could not

ipeftatfuch a Diftance as we were, being out of the

fehtof any Land : and that it was piobable that in

kreeor four Days Time we might be among the

outh Keys, if we would put for it •, and there we

liould find Provifion enough, either Fifli or Flefli.

hold them that the Craft was in catching it, and it

[as as probable that we might get as little Food in

lie South Keys, as we did at Fines^ where, though

here was Plenty of Beefs and Hogs, yet wc could

lot tell how to get any : befides we might be fix or

even Days in getting to the Keys -, all which Time

^e muft of Neceflity i\^^ which if 'twere but two or

lirce Days, would bring us fo low, that we fhould

in a weak Condition to hunt. On the contrary,

they would agree to beat a Day or two longer for

|ie Ifland y^/zwif:^, we might in all Probability fee,

[.1(1 come lb near it, that we might fend in our Boat

nd get Provifion from thence, though we could

ot get in to anchor : for by all Likelihood we

rere not fo far from the Ifland, but that we

night have feen it, had it been clear -, and that the

nging of the Clouds feemed to indicate to us,

hat the Land was obfcured by them. Some of

km did acquiefce with me in my Opinion ; how-

ver, 'twas agreed to put away for the South

feys, and accordingly we veered out our Sheets,

bmm'd our Sails, and ileered away N. N. W.

(was lb much difiatisfied, that I turned into my

fiibbin, and told them we lliould be all Ihirvcd.

C r ^ \ couiM

^ i'l

■ :*
7* • '

■■"^K^^'

If;

3 8 A joyful Sight of Land.

An. 1675. I could not fleep, tho* 1 lay down ; for I wj
^"^^^T*^ very much troubled t j think of falling 3 or 4 Dayj
or a V/eek \ having fared very hard already. In
deed *twas by meer Accident that our Food laftcd
long *, for we carried two Barrels of Beef out witi
us to fell, but 'twas fo bad that none would bj
if, which proved well for us : for after ourov
Stock was fpent, this fupplied us. We boiled ever
Day two Pieces of it •, and becaufe our Peas wei]
all eaten, and our Flour almoft fpent, we cut oil
Beef in fmall Bits after 'twas boiled, and boiled
again in Water, thicken'd with a little Flour, an
fo eat it altogether with Spoons. The little Piecj
of Beef were like Plumbs in our Hodge- Podge. Iif
deed 'twas not fit to be eaten any other way ; tq
though it did not ftink, yet it was very unfavouii
and black, without the leaft fign of Fat in it: BreJ
. and Flour being fcarce with us, we could notmalj
Dough-boys to cat with it. But to proceed, I hi
not lain in my Cabbin above three Glafles, befoj
one on the Deck cryed out. Land ! Land ! I wj
very glad at the News, and we all immediatel
difcerned it very plain. The firfl that we fawwi
High-land, which we knew to be Blewfidds-IM,
a Bending or Saddle on the Top, with two h\
Heads on each Side. It bore N. E. by E. and
had the Wind at E. therefore we prefently clappj
on a Wind, and fleered in N. N, E. and foon M
we faw all the Coafl, being not above 5 or 6Leaguj
from it. We kept jogging on all the Afternoon, nd
flriving to get into any particular Place but whej
we could fetch, there we were refqlved to Anchoif
The next Day being pretty near the Shore, betwed
Bleivfields Point, and Point-Nigrili, and having tl
Wind hirge enough to fjtch the latter, we fteerj
away direclly thither •, and feeing a fmall ^'tn
about two Leagues N. W. of us, making Signs (
fpeak with qs by hoyfing and lowring her Topf^iiJ

A hard "urinker.

were afraid of her, and edged in nearer the >*«• J^7J
iiore; and about three a Clock in the Afternoon,

our great Joy, wc anchored at Nigrill^ having
tn thirteen Weeks on our Paflagc. I think never
(ly Veflel before nor fince, made fuch Traverfes in
pining out of the Ba'j as we did, having firft blun-
fer'd over the Alcrany Riff, and then vifitcd thofe
andsj from thence fell in among the Colorado
mX afterward made a Trip to Grand Caynnnes \

I hilly, vifited Pines^ tho* to no Purpofe. In all
Id'e Rambles we got as much Experience as if wc
fdbcen lent out on aDefign.
As foon as we came to anchor, wc fent our Boat
lioreto buy Provifions to regale our felves, after
or long Fatigue and Fafting, and were very bufie
ping to drink a Bowl of Punch : When unexpe(5led-
fCipt. Rawlins^ Commander of afmall New-Eng-

' Veflel, that we left at Trift -, and one Mr. John

hhr^ who had been in the Bay a Twelve-month

jii:ing Logwood, and was now coming up to 7^-

Lb to fell it, came aboard, and were invited into

JeCabbin to drink with us -, the Bowl had not yet

entouch'd, (I think there might be fix Quarts in

ID'jtMr. Hooker bting drunk to by Capt. Rawlhis^

b pledg'd Capt. HaJfwel, and having the Bowl

IhisHand, faid, That he was under an O . to

rink but three Draughts of ftrong Liquor a -^ay,

|id putting the Bowl to his Head, turn'd it off at

pe Draught, and fo making himfelf drunk, difap-

linted us of our Expedtations, till we mide ano-

lerBowl. The next Day having a brisk N.W. Wind,

lliich was a kind of Chocolatto North, we arrived at

wuRoyah, and fo ended this troublcfome Voyage.

f I

T*r

;>j

-ii| -

,Cc 4

CHAP.

I 'I*

I A

-!%fir

i 1

, fi

!!;

CHAP. n.

The Author's fecond Voyage to the Bay of Cm
peachy. His arrival at the IJle of Trift, m
fettling with the Logwood-Cutters. A%
fcription of the Coaft from Cape Condccd
to Trift. Salinas or Salt Tc7ids. Saltgathem
for the Spaniards by the Indians. Hina, a n
tnarkable Hill. Horfehooffifhy The Trianu
Jflands. Campcachy Town twice taken. It.
chief Trade ■> Cotton, Ciiampcton River i m
its Logwood^ a rich Commodity. Port-Royal
Harbour and Ifland. Prickly -Grafs, Sapa-
dillo Trees. Tri(V Ifland defcrib'd. Cm'
Tlumb-bufljes. The Grape-Tree. Its Jnimah
Lizards. Laguna Tcrmina and its Jimi
Tides. Summafenta-T^/'y^r, and CiiucquC'
bull Town. Scries his Key. Captain Scrlci
his Adventure, The EafiandWefi Lagmi
with their Branches inhabited by Log-i;:ii^
Cutters. Oaks growing there y and no izbtn
elfe within the Tropicks, The Original oftk
Logwood-Trade. The Rainy Sea fon, and ^m
Floods occajlonedby Norths. The dry Seafii
Wild Tine-plant. The Logwood-Tree. Bh
Wood, Stock'ffh Wood and Camwood. AT)(\
fcription of fame Animals^ Squajlies, kr^i
long'tail'd Monkeys, Ant-bears, Sloths, A\
tnadilloSy Tigre-Cats, Snakes of three fori
C^lliwafps, Huge Sliders, Great Ants an^

their Mefls. Rambling Ants^ Humming Birds y
Black BirdSy Turtle-Troves, ^uams, Corre-
fos, Carrion Cro'-jus, Subtle jacks y Bill-birds^
CockrecoSy Ducks of fe viral forts, Curle^jjSy
Herons, CrabcatcherSy 'Pelicans, Cormorants^
Fijhing, Hawks. Several forts of fipj. Ten-
founders^ Taricootas , Garr-jifh, Spanifh
Mackril: The Ray, Alligators. Crocodiles y
brjDthey differ from Alligators. A fiarrow
Efcape of an In^h-r/tan from an Alligator.

An, 16751

|T was not long after our Arrival at Pori-Royaiy
before we were paid ofF, and difcharged.
fiow Captain John/on of New-England, being bound
gain into the Bay of Campeachy, I took the Oppor-
unity of going a PafTenger with him, being re-
blved to fpend fome Time at the Logwood Trade }
nd accordingly provided fuch Neceflaries as were
Squired about it {viz.) Hatchets, Axes, Macheats,
|. (. Long Knives) Saws, "Wedges, ^c. a Pavillion
fleep in, a Gun with Powder and Shot, &c. and
paving a Letter of Attorney with Mr. Fleming, a
lerchant of Port-Royaly as well to difpofc of any
liing that I fliould fend up to him, as to remit to
he what I Ihould order, I took leave of my Friends
ndimbarked.

About the Middle of Feb. y^ — 6, we failed from
\mm(t, and with a fair "Wind and "Weather, foo i
5t as far as Cape Catocb -, and there met a pretty
rong North, which lafted two Days. After that the
[fade fettled again at E. N. E. which fpeedily car-
ed us to Trift Ifland. In a little time I fettled my
[If in the Weft Creek of the "Weft Lagune with
Jme old Logwood-Cutters, to follow the Employ-
ment with them. But I Ihall proceed no farther
m the Relation of my own Affairs, till I have

^iven

,ji(t

t'!;

'Aiti

t I

■\x

42 Bay of Campcachy. Salina Harbour,

^j given a Defcriptlon of the Country, and its Produfl
"^ with fome Particulars of the Logwood- Cutters
their hunting for Beef, and making Hides, ^fc.

I have in my former Voyage defcribcd the Coai
from Cape Catoch to Cape Condccedo, Therefore
fhall now begin where I tlien left off, and followi;
the fame Method, proceed to give fome Account
the Sea-coaft of the Bay of Campeachy •, being co
petently qualified for it by many little Kxcurlioi
that I made from 'I'njt during my Abode in thel
Parts.

The Bay of Campcachy is a deep bending of t
Land, contained between Cape Condecedo on the Ei
and a Point Ihooting forth from the High-Land
St. Martins on the Weft. The Diftance betwei
thefe two Places is about 120 Leagues, in which
many large and navigable Rivers, wide Lagunes,
Of all which I (hall treat in their Order, as alio
the Land on the Coaft -, its Soil, Product, i3c, T
gethcr with fome Obfervations concerning
Trees, Plants, Vegetables, Animals, and Natives
the Country.

From Cape Coudccedo to the Salinas is 14 or
Leagues v the Coaft runs in South : It is all a fani
Bay between, and the Land alfo within is dry ai
fandy, producing only fome fcrubbed Trees. Hal
way between thefe two Places you may dig in
Sand above High- water Mark, and find very goi
frefh Water.

The Salina is a fine fmall Harbour for Banks*,
there is not above 6 or 7 Foot Water ; and cl
by the Sea, a little within the Land, there is a k
Salt Pond, belonging to Campeachy Town, whi
yields Abundance of Salt. At the Time when the Si
kerns, which is in May or June, the Indians of
Country are ordered by the Spaniards , to give t
Attendance,to rake itaftiore,and gather it intoagi
Pyramidal Heap, broad below and fharp at the T'

Salt hovj prtferved. 41

tthcRit^gcofalloiife ; then covering it all over-^"- "^•'f.
T dry Orafs and Kecds, they let \ ire to it •, and ^-^^VNi

fcj burns the out-fide Salt to a hard black Cruft :
p.c h;ird Cruft is afterwards a Defence againfl the

lins that are now fcLtlcd in, and prefervcs the
bpilry even in the wettcfl: Seafon. The Imlians,

Die Bufinefs I have told you, is to gather the Sale
las into Heaps, wait here by Turns all the Kern-

Seafon, not Icfs than forty or fifty Families at
ITimc; yet here are no Houfes for them to lie in,
biher do tiiey at all regard it •, for they are relieved
fjfrefh Supply of Indians every Week ; and they
lllcep in the open Air, fome on the Ground, but
oft in very poor Hammocks faftned to Trees or

Is, (luck into the Ground for that Purpofe. There
re is no better than their Lodging ; for tluy have

other Food while they are here but 1 artilloes

Pofole. Tartillocs are fniall Cakes made of the
our of Indian Corn i and Pofole is alio Indian
b boiled, of which they make their Drink. But
Ithismore her'^after, when I treat of the Natives

their nicinner of Living. When the Kerning
kfon is over, the Indians march Home to their
tkd Habitations, taking no more Care of the Salt.
Yihc Spaniards of Campeachy^ who are Owners of

Ponds, do frequently lend their Barks hither for
It, to load Ships that lye in Campeachy Road i

afterwards tranfport it to all the Ports in the

ol MexicOy efpecially to Aluarado and Tompeck^

great Fifhing Towns: and I think that all the
and Towns thereabouts, are fupplied with it ♦, for
[now of nQ other Salt Ponds on all the Coaft,
fidts this and thofe before mentioned. This Salina,
pour was often vifited by the Englifh Logwood-
Itters in their way from Jamaica to ^rift. And if
|y found any Barks here, either light or laden,
[y mide bold to take and fell both the Ships and
'Mian Sailors that belonged to them. This they

would

VI 1!

44 Hina-Hill. Horfe-hoof FifJj.

'jln. 1675- would tell you was by way of Reprizal, for U
former Injuries received of the Spaniards ; thoud
indeed 'twas but a Pretence : for the Governours]
Jamaica knew nothing of it, neither durft the it
niards complain •, for at that Time they ufed to tal
all the EKgliJh Ships they met with in thefe Pan
not fparing even fuchas came laden with Sugar fro
Jamiica, and were bound for England -, efpeeiaiiyl
they had Logwood aboard. This was doneopcnH
for the Ships were carried into the Havana, there foj
and the Men imprifoned without any Redrefs.

From the Salinas to Campeacby Town, is abouN
Leagues ; the Coaft runs S. by W. The finJ
Leagues of it, along the Coaft is drowned MangroJ
Land, yet about two Mile South of the Salina, ik\
200 Yards from the Sea, there is a frelh Spring, wh
is vifited by all the Indians that pafs this way either]
Bark or CaiiOa ; there being no Water befides na
it ; and ther^ is a fmall dirty Path leads to it thrj
the Mangroves •, after you ^re paft thefe Mangrov
the Coaft rifeth highe/ with many fandy Bays, wkj
Boats may conveniently land, but no frefh Water i
you come to :i River near Caynpeachj Town. TH
Land furth^^r along the Coaft is partly Mangroi^
but moft of it dry Ground, and not very fruittoj
producing only a few fcrubbed Bufhes : and there
no Logwood growing on all this Coaft, even fro
Cape Catoch to Campeachy Town.

About fix Leagues before you come to Campmi
there is a fmall Hill called Hina, where Privated
do commonly anchor and keep CentineJs on theHil
to look out for Ships bound to the Town : There]
Plenty of good Fire- wood, but no Water •, andf
the Surf of the Sea, clofe by the Shore, you fiij
Abundance of Shell-fifti, calPd by the Englip, I^''
hoofSy becaufe the under-part or Belly of the Filhl
flat, and fomewhat refembling that Figure in Shaa
Hnd Magnitude j but the Back is round like a Tul

Campcachy To'wn, 45

|. the Shell is thin and brittle, like a Lobfter's ; ^*- «'^''5.
' niany fmall Claws : and by report they are -^^^^
good Meat •, but I never tailed any of :hcm

lelf.

ihcre are three fmall low fandy Iflands, about 25
[26 Leagues from Hina, bearing North from it, and
[Leagues from Ca?npeachy. On the South-fide of
jfe Iflands there is good Anchorage ; but neither '
ood nor Water : and as for Animals, we faw none,
[only great numbers of large Rats and Plenty of
obies, and Men-of- War-Birds. Thefe Iflands are
I'd the Triangle's^ from the Figure they make in
W Pofition. There are no other at any diftance
[m the fhore, but theie and the Alcranies, men-
ned in the former Chapter, in all this Coaft that
ave feen.

^rom Hina to Catnpeachy, as I have faid before, is
m 6 Leagues. Campenchy is a fair Town, (landing
I the (here in a fmall bending of the Land i and is
:only Town on ail this Coall, even from Cape
mhiQ La vera Cruz^ that (lands open to the Sea. It
ikes a fine (hew, being built all with good Stone.
lieHoufcs are not high, but the Walls very (Irong ;

Roofs flattilh, after the Spanifh Fufliion, and
vered -vith Pantile. There is a flrong Cittadel or
^rt at one end, planted with many Guns, where

Govcrnour re fides with a fmall Garrifon to de-
|idit. Though this Fort commands the Town and
tirbour, yet it has been twice taken. Firft by

Cbrifiopher Minis ', who about the Year 1659,
Iving fummoned the Governour, and afterwards
Jyed 3 Days for an Anfwer befo'c he landed his
p, yet then took it by Storm, and that only with
m Arms. I have been told that when he was
|vifed by the J a?fiaic a Privateers, to take it by Stra-
gemin the Night, he replied, that he fcorned to
N a Victory •, therefore when he went againft it,

gave them warning of his Approach, by his

Drums

ift;-

^\u .

Cotton Cloth,

U». 1675. Drums and Trumpets ; yet he took the Fort at t|
^^^Y^ firft Onfet, and immediately became Mafter of
Place.

It was taken a fecond time by E^igiijh and Fr^n
Privateers, about the Year 1678, by furprize. Th]
landed in the Night about two Leagues from 1
Town, and marching into the Country, lighted on
Path that brought them thither. The next Mornij
near Sun-rifing, they entered the Town, when ma
of the Inhabitants were now ftirring in their Houfej
who hearing a noife in the Street, looked out to knq
the Occafion ; and feeing armed Men marching
wards the Fort, fuppofed them to be fome Soldiersi
their own Garrifon, that were returned out of
Country ; for about a Fortnight or 3 Weeks bdoil
they had fent out a Party to fupprefs fome kd'ni
then in Rebellion •, a thing very common in tj
Country, Under favour of this Suppofition,
Privateers marched through the Streets, even toi
Fort, without the lead Oppolition. Nay, the TowJ
People bad them Good Morrow -, and congratulatj
their fafe return ; not difcovering them to be eJ
mies, till they fired at the Centinels on the Fort-waj
and prefently after began a furious Attack ;
turning two fmall Guns, which they found in
Parade, againft the Gates of the Fort, they foon maj
themfelves Mafters of it. The Town is not vd
rich, though as I faid before, the only S€a-m\
all this Coaft. The chiefeft Manufadure of
Country is Cotton-Cloath •, this ferves for cloatliij
the Indians^ and even the poorer fort of Sfani&
wear nothing elle. It is ufed alfo for making Sj|
for Ships, and remitted to other parts for the i^
purpofe.

Befide, Cotton-Cloth, and Salt fetched from
Salinas^ I know of no other vendible Commod
exported hence. Indeed formerly this place was|
Scale of the whole Logwood-^rade ; which is tlifl

Logwoody a Etch Commodityl 47

ore (lill called Palo (i. e. Wood) de Campeacby 5 tlio' An. 1675;
ididnot grow nearer than at 12 or 14 Leagues ^^ '

lilance from the Town.

The place where the Spaniards did then cut it, was
ta River called C/?^w/>f/(?w, about 10 or 12 Leagues
I Leeward oi Campeacby Town; the Coaft from
ence South, the^Land pretty high and rocky. The
lative Indians that lived hereabouts, were hired to
lit it for a Ryal a Day, it being then worth 90,
. I or no/, per 'Tun.

After the Englijh had taken Jamaica^ and began
icruife in this Bay, they found many Barks laden
lith it, but not knowing its value then, they either
It them adrift or burned them, faying only the
Bails and Iron work ; a thing now ufual among the
Irivateers, taking no notice at all of the Cargo,
I Capt. James^ having taken a great Ship laden with
land brought her home to England^ to fit her for
jPrivateer, beyond his Expeftation, fold his Wood
[a great rate; tho* before he valued it fo little that
; burned of it all his Paflage home. After his re-
b to Jamaica^ the En^Ajh vifiting this Bay,
lund out the Place where it grew, and if they
et no Prize at Sea, they would go to Champeton
[iver, where they were certain to find large Piles
jit to their Hand, and brought to the Sea-fide ready
ibeiliipp'd off. This was their Common Pradice ;
at the laft the Spaniards fent Soldiers thither to
[event their Depredation:.

[But by this time the Englipj knew the Trees, as
pwing i and underftanding their value, began to
pmage other Coafts of the Main, in fearch of
till, according to their defiie, they found large
►roves of it, firlt at Cape Catocb •, (which, as I have
|iu before, was the firft Place where they fettled to
3gwood-cutting) and loaded many Vefiels from
(ence to Jamaica^ and other Places. But it growing
'arce there, they found out the Lagune oiTriJl in tlie

Bay

ii It \ ■

4«

Port-Royal Harbour and IJIand.

Irfn. 1675. Bay oi Carnpfachy, where they followed thefaij
^-^^V^^ Trade, and have ever fince continued it, even to 1
time of my being here : But to proceed.

From the River Champeton to Port-Royal, isab
18 Leagues ; the Coaft S. S. W. or S. W. by
Low-land with a fandy Bay againft the Sea, aJ
fome Trees by the fliore, with fmall Savannahs^ mj
with fmall flirubby Woods within L,and all
way. There is only one River between Chamtsti
and Port-Royal^ called Port Efcondedo.

Port-Royal is a broad entrance into a Salt Lam
of 9 or 10 Leagues long, and 3 or 4 wide,
2 Mouths, one at each end. This Mouth of P^i
Royal hath a Barr, whereon there is 9 or 10 Fo
Water. Within the Barr it is deep enough, aa
there is good Anchoring on either fide. The
trance is about a Mile over, and two Miles
length *, it hath fair fandy Bays on each fide,
fmooth Landing.

Ships commonly anchor on the Weather or h
fide next Champeton^ both for the convenience!
lome Wells they dug on the Bays by the ?m
teers and Log-wood-Cutters, as alfo to ride more(
of the Tide, which here runs very ftrong. Til
Place is remarkable enough, becaufe from hence t
Land trends away Weft, and runs fo for about 1
or 70 Leagues farther.

On the Weft-fide of this Harbour is a low Ifla
caird by Us Port-Royal-lJland ; which makes
fide ot the Mouth, as the Main does the other :
is about 2 Miles wide and 3 Leagues long, runnij
Ef ft and Weft. The Eaft end of this Idand is fanj
and pretty clear of Woods, with fome Grafs,
ing a fmall prickly Bur, no bigger than a Grey Pd
which renders it very troublefome to thofe that wJ^
bare-foot, as the Bay-Men often do. There arefoij
Bulhes of Burton-wood : and a little further to
AVeft grow large Sa^adiilo-Trees, whofe Frui:

lol

toog

Trift IJland. 49

and very plcafant. The reft of the Ifland \%An,\e']6.
e woody, efpecially the No.'th-fide, which is full
white Mangrove clofe to the Ihore.

the Weft-fide of this Ifland, is another fmall
Wand, called Tr/7?, feparatcd from the former
a fmall Salt-Creek, fcarce broad enough for a
oa to paddle through.

ItlJlandTriJi is in lome Places three Miles wide,
about four Leagues in length *, running £. and
The Eaft-end is fwampy and full of white Man-
m i and the South-fide much the fame : The
■part is dry and landy, bearing a fort of long
ifs, growing in Tufts very thin. This is a fort
avannah, with fome large Palmeto-T^rees growing

The North-fide of the Weft-end is full of
•?lum Bufhes^ and fome Grapes.
fhe Coco-Pltm Bujh is about eight or nine Foot

fpreading out into many Branches. Its Rind

andfmooth, the Leaves oval and pretty large,
lof a dark Green. The Fruit is about the big-
|of aHorfe-Plum, but round j fome are black,
1 white, others reddilh : The Skin of the Plum
b thin and fmooth ; the in fide white, foft and
|lly, rather fit to fuck than bite, inclofing in the
die a large foft Stone. This Fruit grows com-
ply in the Sand near the Sea ; and I have tafted

that have been faltifh -, but they are commonly
|t and pleafant enough, and accounted very
Jfome.
[he Body of the Grape-'Tree is about two or three

in Circumference, growing fcven or eight Foot

then fends forth many Branches, whofe Twigs
[thick and grofs ; the Leaves are Ihaped much
Ian Ivy-Leaf, but broader and more hard ; the
|t is as big as an ordinary Grape, growing in
fhes or Clufters among the Twigs all over the
it is black when ripe, and the iiifide reddilh,
\^ large hard Stoae in the middle. This Fruit is
^ D d very

t ; ^ ■

»U

V .'

ili

I. -'

Lizards.

•^'^'^•very pleaflint and wholefome, but of little Subftanci

^^^f^ the Stones being fo large : The Body and Limbs i

the Tree are good Fewel, making a clear ftrofl

Fire, therefore often ufed by the Privateers to har

en the Steels of their Guns when faulty.

The Animals of this IJland I'.re, Lizards^ Gumi
Snakes and Deer : Befide the common fmall L'mn
there is another fort of a large kind, call'd aZ,)«
Lizard : This Creature is fhap'd much like the c:h^
but almofl as big as a Man's Arm, and it has a Ian
Comb on its Head *, when it is afTaulted itfetsi
Comb up an end ; but otherways it lies down fla
Here are two or three forts of Snakes : fome vd
large, as I have been told.

At the Weft-end of the IJland clofe by the

you may dig in the Sand five or fix foot deep,

find good frelh Water : There are commonly \V<

ready made by Seamen to water their Ships ;

they foonfill up, if not clear'd ; and if you dig i

deep, your Water will be fait. This Jjland mil

dom clear of Inhabitants when the Engiijbvifm^

Bay for Logwood ; for the biggeft Ships did alv

ride here in fix or feven Fathom Water clofe byj

fliore •, but fmaller VefTels ran up three Leagues!

ther toOne-Bufh Key, of which in my former Chapj

The fecond Mouth or Entrance into the LagunJ

between Trift, and Beef-TJland, and is about ti

Mile wide. It is llioal without, and only two Cli

nels to come in : The deepeft Channel on theSpn"

Tide, has twelve Foot Water. It lies near thei

die of the Mouth; hard Sand on the Bar ; the^

Channel is about ten foot Water, and lies pn

near Beef-IJland : you run in with tlie Sea-Breeze,

Ibund all the way •, taking your founding from i

Iflaud'ihorc. The bottom is foft Oaz, and it lli|

gradually. Being ihot in vfithin Beef- IJIafid ?o^

you will have three Fathom •, then you may ftan

vcr towards Triji, till you come near the Ihorf.

Laguna Tcrminar 51

[(here anchor as you pleafe j There is good anchoring '^»' ^^7^
|iny where within the Bar between Trift and Beef- ^^V"*^
|/|j«i, but the Tide is ipuch ftronger than at Pert-
'iml This is the other Mouth or Opening to the
altLagune before mentioned. This Lagune is call*d
the Spaniard^, Laguna terminay or the Lagune
[Tides, becaufe they run very ftrong here. Small
li'eflcls, as 3arks, Periagoes, or Canoas, may fail
hrough this Lagune, from one Mouth to the other,
Jr into fuch Creeks, Rivers, or fmaller Lagunes, as
npty themfelves into this, of which here are.many :
the firft of note on the Eaft-part of this Lagune,
iyou come in at Port-Ro'^al^ is the River Summa*
tk. ■ ''■'-'; :• ' .. ^ .

This River, though but fmall, yet is big enough
^^Pmagoes to enter. It difembogues on the South-
lie near the middle of the Lagune. There was
irnerly an InJian Village named Sumtnafenta^ near
;Mouth of the River ; and another large Indian
[own call'd Chucquehul, ff^ven or eight Leagues up
ItheCountry. This latter was once taken by the
rivateers ; by whom I have been informed, that
ere were aboiit two thoufand Families of Indians
[it, and two or three Churches, and as many Spa*
'Friars, though no white Men befide. The Land
ar this River yields plenty of Logwood. ' \". " f
"^rom Summafenta River to One-Bu/Jj-Key is four or
Leagues, the fhore running Weft. I have de-
Ijbed One-Bufh'Ke'j^ and the Creek againft it,,
fch, as I fiid, is very narrow, and not above ^
y long before it opens into another wide Lake,-
k neareft N. and S. called the ^afl Lagune, It
i)out a League and a half wide, and three Leagues
encompafled with Mangrove-Trees. At the
[E. Corner of it there is another Creek about a
pwide at the Mouthj running fix or feven Milea
'the Country ; on both Tides of it grows plenty
-ogwood ; therefore it was inhabited by Emjijh-

D d 2 nun

^ iMMMM

\ s

.»;'

iil i^.

Scries' J Adventure,

\\\

An. 1676. men who lived in fmall Companies, from three
V^V"^ ten in a Company v and fettled themfelves at the]
beft convenience for Cutting. At the Head of [\
Creek they made a Path, leading into a large Sj
vannah full of black Cattle, Horfcs, and Deer \ whic
was often vifited by them upon occafion.

At the North-end, and about the middle of rJi
Eaft Lagune, there is another fmali Creek like th.
which comes out againft One-Bufh-Ke'j^ but lefs an
Ihaliower, which dlfchargeth it ielf into LagunaTd
jniner^ againfi a fmall fandy Key, called by the fl
flijh Series'^ Key, from one Captain Serks^ who fii]
careen*d hisVcflel here, and was afterwards killj
in the Weftcrn Lagu e, by one of his Company
they were cutting Logwood t-^gcther. This Capta
Series was one of Sir Henry Morgan's Corimandeij
at the facKing of Panama *, wlio being feat ouii
cruife in a fmall Veflfel in the South-Seas, happenj
to furprizf at Tahoca, the Boatfwain and moil of 1
Crew belonging to the Trinity, a Spaniflj Ship,
Board which were the Friars and Nuns, with all ti
old Gentlemen and Matrons of the Town, to j
number of 1 500 Souls, befides an immenfc Treafui
in Silver and Goldy as I was informed by Captal
Peralta, who then commanded her, as he did 3]
terwards, when flie was taken by Captain Sharf^ ; 1
which he might have taken in the Ship had he pj
fued her.

On the Welt-fide of the Eaft-Lagunc, there is!
fmall Skirt of Mangroves, that icparates it ^icinl
nother running parallel with itj called the Ea}-.
gum, which is about the bignefs of the former.

Towards the North-end of this Lagune runsi
fmall Creek, coming out of the Eafi-Lasiiiiu^ dcj
enough for fmall Barks to pafs th'-ough.

At the South-end of this Lagune^ there is a Del
about a Mile wide at its Mouth ; and half a Ml
from thence it divides into two Branches j one c:!f

The Rife of the Logwood Trade, 5 3

M Eaft, the other the Weft Branch, both deep e- ^»^i£7<5.
Iiiough for fmall Barks feven or eight Miles up. The
IWatcr is frcfli ten Months-, but in the midft of the dry
ilbn 'tis brackifli. Four Miles from the Mouth,|the

id on both fides thefe two Branches is wet and
impy, affording only Mangroves by the Creeks
Ics i only at the Heads of them, there are many
geOaks, befides which! did never fee any grow-
r within the Tropicks : but 20 Paces within that
TOWS plenty of Logwood, therefore the Cutters
fettled themfelves here alfo.
On the Weft-fidc of the Weft-Branch lyes a large
^ifture f&» Cattle about three Miles from the Creek,
I which the Logwood-Cutters had made Paths from
iicir Huts to hunt Cattle, which are always there in
pt njimbers, and commonly fatter rhan thofe in
be neighbouring Sauannabs ; and therefore was cal-

tiie fat Savannah ; and this Weft-Creek was al-
ways moft inhabited by Logwood- Cutters.
The Logwood-'Tradc was grown very common be-
[ire I came hither, here being, as I (aid before, a-
out ?.6o or 270 Men living in all the Lagune and
•Mf-ljland^ of which IJle I fhall fpeak hereafter :
[liis Trade had ics Rife from the dtcay oi Privateer-
for after Jamaica was well fettled by the En~
P, and a Peace eftablifhed with Spain^ the Pri-
W who had hitherto lived upon plundering the
terif, were put to their fhifts •, for they had pro-
g?"y fpent whatever they got, and now wanting
khfif^-nce, were forced either to go to Petit Guavas^
nere the Privateer-Trade ftill continued, or into

Bay for Logwood The more Induf-

Diis ibrt of them came hither, yet even thefe,
ough they could v^ork well enough if they plea-
'; yet thought it a dry Bufmefs to toil at Cutting
Nd. I'hey were good Marks-Men, and fo took
wedtlight in Hunting •, but neither of thofe Em-
povnients affcfted them fo much as Privateering •,

D d 2 therefore

i |ti fc

I ^

3, ■

■ m

j^ Logwood-Cutting.

'An, 1676. therefore they often made Sallies out in fmall par.
i/VV ties among the nenreft Indian Towns •, where they
plundered and brought away the Indian IVomen to
ferve them at their Huts, and fcnt their Hufbands
to be fold at Jamaica ; bcfidcs they had riot forgot
their old Drinking-bouts, and would ftill fpend 301
or 40/. at a fitting aboard the Ships that came hi-
ther from Jamaica i caroufing and firing of Guns
three or four Days together. And though after-
wards many fober Men came into the Bay to cutj
Wood, yet by degrees the old Standards fo debauch-
cd them that they could never fettle themfelves un-
der any Civil Government, but continued in their
Wickednefs, till ihe Spaniards^ encouraged by thfir
carelcfs Rioting, icll upon them, and took moft of
them fingly at their own Huts 5 and carried them
away Prifoners to Campeacby or LaVeraCruz \ from
whence thry were fent to Mexico^ and fold to feve-
ral riadcfmen in that City j and from thence, after!
two or three Years, when they ^ould fpeak 5/<7;/;//',|
many of them made their Efcapes, and marched inl
by- Paths, back to La Vera Cruz, and by the f/u/il
Conveyed to Spain, and fo to England. I havefpokel
with many of them fince, who told me that non^l
of them were fent to the Silver Mines to work,!
but kept in or near the City, and never fuftcrtdl
to go with their Caravans to New Mexico, or that^
way. 1 relate this, becaufe it is generally fuggcN
that the Spaniards commonly fend their Prifoner?!
thither, and ufe them very barbaroufly ; butll
could never learn that any European has beenthuf
ferved •, whether for fear of difcovering their WeakJ
nefs, or for any other Reafbn, I know not. But td
proceed, [t is moft certain thit the Logwood Cutj
ters, tliat were in tlic Bay when 1 was there, were all
routed or taken -, a thine I ever feared, and thaj
was the reafon that qioved me at laft to conic awayj

: 1 ■ althoiigl

tFet Seafons, 55

bhongh a Place where a Man might have gotten ^». i67<^,

liiiEliatc.

Having il^us given an Account of the firft fetling

this Place by my Country -men, I fliall next fay
bmcthing concerning the Si-afons of the Year, fome
j[ituUrs ol the Country, its Animals, of theLog-
io(^-Trade, and their manner of Hunting, and ie-
Ireril Kinarkable Palfages that happened during my
Biv there.

This part of the Bay of CiWi peachy lies in about 18

of North Lat. Tlie Sca-Breezes here m fair Wea-
iier, are at N. N. li. or N. The Land-winds aro

S. S. E. and S. but in bad Weather at E. S. E.
ihifd gale for two or three Days together. The
ly Sealon begins m September^ and holds till Anil

Mtiy; then comes in the wet Seafon, which be-
|ins with Tornadoes ; firll one in a Day, and by de-
Erccs iiicrcafing till June ; and then you have fet:
lainstill the h-.ter end of Aitguft. This fwells the
livers fo that th^y overflow, and the Savannahs be-
fn to be coviTec' with Water •, and although there
DiV be fonic inu ' miflfion of dry Weather, yet there
|rt; ftill plentiful Ihowers of Rain : fo diat as the
^'aicr does not increafe, neither does it decreafe,
|yt continues thus till the North Winds are ier in
rong, and then all the Savannah^ for many Miles,

m to be but part oi the Sea. I'he Norths do

ominonly fet in about the beginning oi^ OSlobcr, and

ontinue by intervals till March. But of thefe I fli.Jl

eak more in my Chapter of Winds. Thefe Winds

[lowing right in on the Land, drive in the Sea, and

leep the Tides from their conftant Courfe as long as

]iey laft, which is fometinies two or three Days \

this means the Freihes are pent up, and overflow
Iwch more than before, though there be lefs Rain.
fhey blow mofl: fiercely in Vccembjr and January \
lit afterwards they decreafe in Strength -, r-nd arc
fither fo frequent nor lalUng, and then the Freflics

Dd 4 begin

•'*(

■;^

-j;.)!.'

J-

» M 'I

:*!!

L fe '"'ii

mid Tine.

J^»^»676 begin to drain from off the low Ground. By the
^•^^1*^ middle of February the Land is all dry •, and in the
next Month perhaps you will fcarce get Water to
drink, even in thofc Savannahs that but fix Weeks
bcfrre were like a Sea. By the beginning of yf;ri/
the Ponds alfo in the Savannahs arc all drycd up, and
one thu knows not how to get Water othcrwys
may pciifli for Third ; but thofe that are acquaint-
ed here, in their NecefTity make to the Woods, and
refrcfh themfclves with Water that they find in wild

The wild Pine is a Plant fo called, bccaufc it|
foniewhat refemblcs the Bufh that bears the Pine:
they nre commonly fupportcd, or grow from fomi
Bunch, Knot or Excrefcencc of the Tree, where
they take root, and grow upright. The Root is
fliort and thick, from whence the Leaves rife up ini
Folds one witliin another, fpreading off at the top:
l)i They arc of a good thick Subftance, and about ten

or twelve Inches long. The out-fide Leaves are fo
compa«5t as to contain the Rain-water as it falls.
They will hold a Pint and a half, or a Quart •, and
this Water rcfrefhes the Leaves and nourishes the
Root. When we find thefe Pities^ we ftick our
Knives into the Leaves juft above the Root, and that
lets out the Water, which we catch in our Hats, as
I have done many times to my great Relief

Tlie Land near the Sea or the Lagunes is Marigro-
vy, and always wet, bur at a little diftance from it,
it is faft and firm, and never overflowM but in ik
wet Seafon. The Soil is a ftrong yellowifh Clay ;
But yet the upper Coat or Surface is a black Mold,
though not deep. Here grow divers forts of Trees o"
no great bulk or height. Among thefe the Log
wood-Trees thrive beft, and are very plentiful ; this
being the moft uroper Soil for them : for they do not
thrive in dry Ground, neither fliall you fee ay
growing in rich black Mold. They arc much like

our I

Logwood Trees, $7

ur White-Thorns in England \ but generally n great An. \6^6.
jbigger: the Rind of the young growing Branch- ^-OT^J
iBwhitcandfrnoothi with fome Prickles lliooting
th here and there : So that dn Engli/hman not
owing the difference, would take tliem for White-
horns i but the Body and old Branches are black-
ij the Rind rougher, with few or no Prickles.
k Leaves arc fmall and Diaped like the Common
hitc-Thorn-Lcaf, of a palifii Green. Wc always
Uc to cut the old black-rinded Trees 5 for thefe
JvtlcfsSap, and require but little pains to chip or
:it. The Sap is white, and the Heart red : The
irt is ufcd much for dying •, therefore we chip off
Ithc white Sap, till we come to the Heart; and

I it is fit to be tranfported to Europe. After it has
|tn diip*d a little while, it turns black •, and if it

in the Water it dyes it like Ink •, and fometimes
llusbccn ufed to write with. Some Trees are five
[fix Foot in Circumference : and thcfe we can fcarce
;into Logs fmall enough for a Man's Burthen,
bout great Labour 5 and therefore are forced to
pw them up. It is a very ponderous fort of Wood,
1 burns very well, making a clear ftrong fire, and

lading. We always harden the Steels of our
je-Arms, when they are faulty, in a Logwood-fire^
wean get it, but otherways, as I faid before, with
f'm-wood or the Grape-Tree. The true Logwood
iink grow^ only in the Country of Jucatnn -, and

ithcrebut only in fome Places near the Sea. The
Jfeft places for it are either here or at Cape Ca-
[, and on the Soutb-^xdt of Jucatan in the Bay of

'^was. There are other forts of Wood much

it in Colour, and ufed for dying alfo ; feme
|recftcemed, others of lefler value. Of thefe forts

i-wood and Stock-filT?-wood are of the natural

»th of Anierica,
Jhc Gulph oi Nicaragua^ which opens againft the
^Providences is the only Place that I know m the

North-

I -;

58 Blood-'wood and Stock-^ood-Fifh,

*jt9* 1676. Nofth-Seas, that produced the Blood-wood. ^,
^^'VV ^j^e Land on the other fide of the Co'intry againftj
in the South-Seas, produceth the fame forts.

This Wood is of a brighter red than the Log
'Wood. It was fold for 30/. per Tun, when Loa
wood was but at 14 or 15 ; and at the fame tin
Stock-filh-wood went at 7 or 8. This laft fort gro^
in the Country near Rio la Hacbdy to the Eaft of S
Martha^ by the fides of Rivers in the Low-Lanj
It is a fmaller fort of Wood than the former. I hay
feen a Tree much like the Logwood, in the Rivd
of Conception in the Samballoes -, and I know it ^
dye -, but whether it be either of thcfe two forts,
know not : Befides here and in the places befor^
mentioned, I have not met with any fuch Wood
America. j, ,.

At Chcrhurg near Sierra^Leonc in Africa^ there
Camwood, which i? much like, Blood-wood, if nd
the fame. And at 1'unqueeH^ in the Eajl-Lidies, thcj
is alfo fuch another fort: I have not heard of an
more in any part of the Wbrld, But to proceed.

The Land as you go farther from the Sea rifed
flill fomewhat higher ; and becomes of a morcpla
table Mould ; There the Trees are generally of an^
ther fort j growing higher ahd taller than the Lo
wpod-Trees or any near them : Beyond this, youftj
enter into large Savannahs of long Grafs, two
three Miles wide i in fome Places mucli more.

The Mould of the Savannahs is generally blac
and deep, producing a coarfefort of fcdgyGrafsj
In the latter end of the dry Tin>^, we fet fire toi
ivhich runs like Wild-fire, and keeps burning as lo^
as there is any Fewel j unlefs fome good fliower
Rain put it out : Then prefently fprings up ana
green Crop, which thrives beyond all belief. Tj
Savannahs are bounded on each fide with Ridges (
higher Land, of a light-brown, Colour ; dap;
very fruitful ": producing extraordinary great ii

Ti'

Squajbes, Large- Monkeys. $9

j((s. The Land for ten or t\^enty Miles from the '^'*^^
^ is generally composed of many Ridges of deli- " ''^
fWood-land, and large Furrows of pleafantgrafly,
wnah's, alternately iptermix'd with each other,
lie Animals of this Country are, Horles, Bui--
[J, Deer, Warree, Prec^ry, Squalhes, Pofluras^
icys, Ant-Bears, Sloths, Armadilloes, Porcuv
Land-turtle, Guanoes, and Lizards of all,

" < ■■

hcSqualh is a four-footed Beaft, bigger thait

at: Its Head is much like a Foxes, with fl^ort-

; and along Nofe. It has pretty fhortLegs, and.

^ Claws, by which it will run up Trees like a ,
[,' The Skin is covered with Ihort fine yellowifh
\u The Fie (h of it is good, fwcet, wholefomc

at. We commonly fkin and roafl it ; and the;i
[all it Pig ; and I think it eats as well. It feeds

nothing but good Fruit ; therefore we find them
among the Sapadillo-Trees •, This Creature

tr rambles very far : and being taken young,

I become as tame as a Dog, and be as roguifii as

Mkey.

fhcMonkeys that are in thcfe Parts are the ugliell.
trfaw. They are much bigger than a Hure, and
kgreat Tails about two Foot and a half long. The
fer-fide of their Tails is all bare, with a black
ISkln; but the upper-fide, and all the Body is
[ered with coarfe, long,black. daring Hair. Thefe
atures keep together 2 j or 30 in a Conipany,
I ramble over the Woods j leaping from Tree to
If they meet with a fingle Perfon they will
aten to devour him. When I have been alone
[ve been afraid to Ihoot them, efpecially the firi^
ne 1 met them, They we;re a great Company
|cing from Tree to T^^^>. o^^r "''y Ht;ad ; chatter-
1 and making a terrible Noife ; and a great many
Faces, 'and ihcwing antick Gcflures. Some
• ' ^-M^^- ■■•■'^ ■■ broke

.-)

'I;

\ I ^ ^ i

.[}

'■;! ■

' .^

i ' ;

- 1 i '■

'|:i|t| I !

- ^,

6o' Monkeys. Ant-Bears,

''An. 1676. broke down dry Sticks and threw at me j oth
y/'>r\i fcattered their Urine and Dung about my Ears;
iaft one bigger than the reft, came to a fmall Li
juft over my Head ; and leaping diredtly at
made me ftart back ; but the Monkey cauglit h
of the Bough with the tip of his Tail i and th
continued Twinging to and fro, and making Moui
at me. At Iaft I paft on, they ftill keeping

Company, with the like menacing Poftures, till
came to our Huts. The Tails of thefe Monkeys ;
as good to them a 3 one of their Hands ; and th^
will hold as faft by them. If two or more of us wc
together they would haften from us. The Feraalj
with their young ones are much troubled to leap
ter the Males ; for they have commonly two : oJ
ihe carries under one of her Arms ; the other fits 1
her Back, andclafps her two Fore-Paws about hj
Neck. Thefe Monkeys are the moft fullen I even
with ; for all the Art we could ufe, would nevj
tame them. It is a hard matter tofhoot one of then
fo as to take it ; for if it gets hold with its Claws (
Tail, it will not fall as long as one breath of Li|
remains. After I have fhot at one and broke aLq
or an Arm, I have pitied the poor Creatures tofJ
it look and handle the wounded Limb, and turnj
about from fide to fide. Thefe Monkeys are vei]
rarely, or fas fome fay) never on the Grounti.

The Ant-Bear Is a four-footed Bcaft, as big as]
pretty large Dog j with rough black-brown Hair:(
has ftiort Legs j a long Nofe and little Eyes \ a ven
little Mouth, and a flender Tongue like an EartI
worm about five or fix Inches long. This Creatuil
feeds on Ants ; therefore you always find them ik
an Ants Neft or Path. It takes its Food thus. ltla)|
its Nofe down flat on the Ground, clofe by ttj
Path that the Anis travel in, (whereof here are mail
in this Country) and then puts out his Tongij
athwart the Path : the Ants pa fling forwards

Sloths, Armadillos,

kwards continually, when they come to the ^» 1 67$.
je make a ftop, and in two or three Minutes
"it will be covered all over with Ants; which
perceiving draws in her Tongue, and then eats
m; and after puts it out again to irapan more,
fmcll very ftrong of Ants, and tafte much
onger j for I have eaten of them. I have met with
ic Creatures in feveral places of America^ as well
[here \ ( i- ^. in the Samballoes ) and in the South-
»;, on the Mexican Continent.

[The Sloth is a four-footed, hairy, fad-coloured
limal i fomewhat lefs than the Anc-bear, and not
Irough: Its Head is round, its Eyes fmall ; it has
ihorc Nofc, and very fharp Teeth ; fhort Legs,
^t extraordinary long fharp Claws. This Creature
ds on Leaves, whether indifferently of all forts,
f only on fome particular kinds, I know not. They
:very mifchievous to the Trees where they come,
larefo flow in Motion, that when they have eaten

the Leaves on one Tree, before they can get
bwn from that and climb another, and fettle them-
pes to their frefli Banquet ( which takes them up
\t or fix Days, though the I'rees ftand near,) they
; nothing but Skin and Bones, although they came
^wn plump and fat from the laft Tree. They ne-

defcend till they have ftript every Limb and
|)ugh, and made them as bare as Winter. It takes
m up eight or nine Minutes to move one of their
et three Inches forward ; and they move all their
ur Feet one after another, at the fame flow rate;
[ithcr will ftripes make them mend their pace ;
|iich I have tried to do, by whipping them ; but
eyfeem infenfible, and can neither be frighted, or
ttvoked to move faft:er.

[The Armadillo ( fo called from its Suit of Armour)
jasbig as a fmall fucking Pig: The Body of it
"ty long. This Creature is inclofed in a thick

hell.

\ '

i'mn

■ : :i

lii)

! n

if fif!'

*!jI

tfi iigreCat.

4»^i6-j6 Shell, which guards all its Back, and comes downi
•both Sides, and meets under the Belly, leaving rc^
for the four Legs -, the Head is fmall, with a Nc
like a Pig, a prettv long Neck, and can put out i
Head before it& Body when it walks i but on anyi
ger Ihe puts it in under the Shell ; and drawing]
her Feet, fhe lies ftock-ftill like a Land-Turtl]
And though you tofs her abour fhe will not mo]
herfelf. The Shell is jointed in the Middle of
Back ', fo that fhe can turn the Fore-part of her Bo
about which way fhe pleafes. The Feet are lij
thofe of a Land-Turtle, and it has flrong Chj
wherewith it digs holes in the Ground like a Cone
the flefh is very fweet, and taftes much like a La
Turtle.

The Porcupine being a Creature well known, ij
pafs it in filence.

. The Beafts of Prey that are bred in this Counti
are Tigre-Cats, and ( as :s reported by our Meii
Lions. The Tigre-Cat is about the Bignefs of a Bui
Dog, with fhort Legs, and a trufs Body IhapJ
much like a Mafliff, but in all things elfe, (m) ij
Head, the colour of its Hair, and -Xit manner ofif
Preying, much refembling the Tigre, only fomewlij
lefs. Here are great Numbers of them. They pra
on young Calves or other Ganie j whereof here
plenty. And becaufe they do not want Food, m
are the lefs to be feared. But I have widit them faj
ther Git, when 1 have met them in the Woods
caufe their Afpedl appears fo very (lately and fierd
1, never did fee any Lion in this Country ; but Ihaj
been informed by two or three Perfons that they i
fee Lions here : But I am affured that they are nij
numerous.

Here are a great many poifonous Creatures
this Country ; more particularly Snakes of divej
forts, fome yellow, fome green, and others of adu
Colour, with black and y dlowifh Spots. The yelloj

Huge Snakes.

^akc is commonly as big as the Small of a Man's An. 167^
Leg \ and fix or fcven Foot long. Thefe are a lazy
prt of Creatures, for they lie ftill and prey on Li-
ards, Guanoes, or other fmall Animals that come
itiieirway.

It is reported that fometimes they Hrk in Trees :
jid that they are fo mighty in ftrength, as to hold
I Bullock fall by one of his Horns, when they happ-
en to come fo near that Ihe can twift her felf a^
out the Limb of the Tree, and the Horn at once.
Jhefe are accounted very good Meat by Ibme, „nd
[re eaten frequently : I my felf have tried it for cu-
pofity, but cannot commend it. I have heard fome
Lymen report, that they have feen fome of thia
[ind here as big as an ordinary Man's Wafte ; but I
[ever faw any fuch.

The green Snakes are no bigger abouu than a Mans
[hurab, yet four or five Foot long : The Backs are

a very lively green Colour, but their Bellies in-
lining '•o yellow. Thefe are commonly in Bufhes

fioag the green Leaves, and prey upon fmall Birds.
\ have often feen, and was once in danger to

li'.IS

bit by one before I faw it : For I was going to
ike hold of a Bird that fluttered and cried out juft
y£t did not fly away, neither could I imagine

rme

e Reafon, till reaching out my Hand, I perceived
le Head of a Snake clofe by it •, and looking more
rrowly, 1 faw the upper Part of the Snake, about
or three Inches from his Head, twifted about
e poor Bird.

What they feed on befides Birds I know not, but
eyarefiid to be very venomous.
The dun- coloured Snake is a little bigger than the
een Snake, but not above a Foot and a half, or two
'oot long ', thefe we fhould often fee in and about
r Huts -, b'lt did not kill them, becaufe they de-
rcyed the Mice, and are very nimble in chacing
iofc Creatures. Befides Snakes here are Scorpions

and

f- .

1 1

!!'■

\ V '^

«4

Huge Spiders. Antsl

An.

w^V>^

1 676. and Centapecs in abundance. Here are alfo Gall
wafps. Thefe are Creatures fomewhat refembl

Lizards, but larger •. their Bodies about the thickne
of a Man's Arm, having four fhort Legs, andfmal
fliort Tails ; their colour a dark brown. The
Creatures live in old hollow Trunks of Trees, am
are commonly found in wet fwampy Ground, am
are f lid to be very poifonou\

Here are alfo a fort of Spiders of a prodigjo
Size, fome near as big as a Man's Fill, with Ion
fmall Legs like the Spiders in England: they havenv!
Teeth, or rather Horns an Inch and a half, or twi
Inches long, and of a proportionable Bignefs, whicl
are black as Jett, fmootn as Glafs, and their fmali
End fharp as a Thorn ; they are notftraitbut bend
ing. Thefe Teeth we often preferve. Some weai
them in their Tobacco-pouches to pick their Pipe
Others preferve them for Tooth- Pickers, efpeciall
fuch as were troubled with the Tooth-ach ; for b;
report they will expel that Pain, though I cannoi
ju^ify it of my own Knowledge. The Backs ofthell
Spiders are covered with a dark yellowifh Down,
foft as Velvet. Some fay thefe Spiders are veno
mous, others not ; whether is true I cannot deterj
mine.

Though this Country be fo often over-flown wit
Water , yet it fwarms with Ants , of fever;
forts, viz. great, fmall, black, yellow, ^c, Thi
great black Ant flings or bites almoft as bad as
Scorpion ; and next to this the fmall yellow Ant'i
Bite is moft painful ; for their Sting is like ;
Spark of Fire -, and they are fo thick among thi
Boughs in fome Places, that one Ihall be coverei
with them before he is aware. Thefe Creattiri
have Nefts on great Trees, placed on the Body be
tween the Limbs : fome of their Nefts are as big ai
a Hogfhead ; this is their Winter Habitation ; for ii
the wet Seafon they all repair to thcfr their Cities

Herl

Rambling- Ants. Humming- Birds, 6$

Here they preferve their Eggs. Ants-Eggs are as^"- j^tS'

Buch efteemed by the Plmters in the PVeft- Indies W*^

brfeeding their Chickens, as Gre?it Oat-meal -.vith us

\Eiigland. In the dry Seafon when they leave their

Ps, they fwarm over all the Woodland i for they

ver trouble the Savannahs : You may then fee

Teat Paths made by them in the Woods of three or

ojr Inches broad beaten as plain as the Roads in

):^jW. They go out light, but bring home hea-

Loads on their Backs, all of the fame Subftance,

id equal in Bignefs : I never obferved any thing

elides pieces of grern Leaves, fo big that I could

arcc fee the Infed for his Burthen •, yet rhey would

archftoutly, and fo many ftill prefling after, that ic

i a very pretty Sight, for the Path lookt perfeftly

[reen with them. There was one fort of Ants of a

;ck Colour, pretty large, with long Legs ; thefe

^ould march in Troops, as if they were bufie in

fking fomewhat •, they were always in hafte, and

[illowed their Leaders exactly, let them go whither

ey would •, thefe had no beaten Paths to walk in,

Dt rambled about like Hunters: Sometimes a Band

thefe Ants would happen to march through our

iots, over our Beds, or into our Pavilions, nay

bmetimcs into our Chefts, and there ranfack every

jirt i and where-ever the foremoft went, the reft all

ne after : We never difturbed them, but gave them

b Liberty to fearch where they pleafed ; and they

lald all march off before night. Thefe Companies

pre fo great, that they would be two or three

lours in puffing by, though they went very faft.

[The Fowls of this Country are Humming-Birds,

ack-Birds, Turtle-Doves, Pidgeons, Parrots, Para-

b, Quams, Correfoes, Turkies, Carrion-Crows,

pie- Jacks, Bill-Birds, Cockrecoes, Cifr. T he Hum-

ng-Bird is a pretty little feather'd Creature, no

gger than a great over-grown Wafp, with a black

1 no liiigger than a fmall Needle, and his Legs and

[Vol. II. Ee Fc.c

III

' if

i- !■

'. y;»

^6 . .' Widgeons, ^uams.

An. 1676. Feet in Proportion to his BoJy. This Creature dc,
^^'Wj not wave his Wings like other Birds when it fiics
but kfcps them in a continued quick Niotion
Bees or other Inicds, and like them makes a co,i
tinu:il humming Noile as it flics. It is very quxl
in Motion, and haunts about Flowers and IruiJ
like a Bee g.th'Ting Honey, makino; many ^
Addrculs t; .,", c/lighttVi Obje'ts, by vifiiingihen
tyn all SiJcb, urd yet flill keeps in Motion, Ibmctimd
on oh'^ w i 1 ■, ^iimctimes on the other •, as often rj
bounding a Fo^ t two back on a iuddcn, and;
quickly returns again, keeping thus about oncFlov
er five or fix Minutes, or more. There are two
three forts of them, fome bigger than others, bij
all very fmall, neither are they coloured alike; tii
largeft are ot a bl.ickilli Colour.

The Black-Bird is fomcwhat bigger than ours
England ; it has a longer Tail, but like them in C(j
lour : They are fomctimes called Chattering Crowj
bccaufe they chatter like a Magpy.

There arc three Sorts of Turtle- Doves (wz.) whirJ
breaded Doves, dun-coloured Doves, and Ground
Doves. The white Brc.iits are the biggeft -, they ai
of a blewifh grey Colour with white Breads •, the
are line, round and plump, and al moil as bigasj
Pidgeon. The next fort are all over of a dun, lei]
than the former, and not fo round. The Ground-Doj
is much bigger than a Sky-Lark, of a dull grey, vej
round and plump, and commonly runs in Pairs 1
the Ground, and probably thence have their Nan
The other two forts fly in Pairs, and feed on Berrid
which they commonly gather themfelves from tl
Trees where they grow j and all three forts are va
good Meat.

Pidgeons are not very common here; rhey:
left than our Wood-Quefls, and as good Food.

The Quam is as big as an ordinary Hen 1 urke]
of a blackiih dun Colour ; its Bill like a Turkeyj

Correfos Carrion-Cro'jjs. 67

|i:fies about 'niong the Woods *, fccdb on Berries, ^-n. iC-ff>.
'iJisvcry<_^ >d Meat. s.-^'n^

ilicCorn ; y is a larger Fc vl than the Qaam : The
Cock isblarV, the He:, i^■ of a dark bro",,i. The
Cock has a \ ••ow). of black Feathers on his Hend,
'"iapi-ears very llately. T^efe live alfo on Beriies,
jiniiare very good to eat; our their Bones arc iaid
hbepcifonous •, therefore we do either burn or bu-
thcm, or throw them into the Water for fear our
jogsfhould eat them.

Carrion-Ciows arc blackilh Fowls about the Big-
^tfiof Ravens •, they have bald Heads, and reddifh
aid Necks like Turkeys, and therefore by Strangers
kbtcome newly from Europe, are often miflaken
[orfiich. Thefe live wholly on Flefli, (and are there-
re callea Carrion-Crows:) There are great Num-
mofth.m: They are heavy, dull Creatures, and
Jy their perching long at one place they feem to be
pry lazy : yet they are quick enough to find out
kir Prey \ for when wc hunt in the Woods or Sa-
[annahs, as foon as we have killed a Beaft, they will
fimediately flock about us from all Parts, and in
kfs than an Hour's Time there will be two or three
pdred, though at firft there was not one to be
I have fometimes admired from whence fq
|iany came fo fuddenly -, for we never fee above two
three at a place, before they come to feafl: on a
arkafs.

Some of the Carrion-Crows are all over ViUte,

lit their Feathers look as if they were fullied : They

ave bald Heads and Necks like the reft ; they arc

th( fame Bigncfs and Make •, without any Diffe-

fnce but in Colour ; and we never fee above one

two of thefe white ones at a time •-, and 'tis feldom

|fo that we fee a great Number of the black ones,

Ptwe fee one white one amongft them.

[The Logwood-Cutters call the white ones King-

arrioa-Crowv, and fay, that they are much bigger

Ee 2 than

i.H

'itH

I ':i

I - »

.li

StiLtle-Jacks.

rard

1 676. chin the others •, and that when a ^rcat Numbc
anfembled about a Carcafs, if a King Carrion-Cro
be among them, he falls on firft, and none of tk
others will tatlc the lead Morfel, till he has fille]
his Belly and is withdrawn v nay, they will
perching on the Trees about him, without approach
ing the Carcafs, till he flies away •, and then in
inltant they fall on all together. I have fcen
the King Carrion-Crows, but could not pcrceiv
them to be bigger than the reft; neither were tlj
black ones, their Companions, fo unmannerly
to let them cat without Company •, they are ver
voracious, and will difpatch a Carcafs in a Trice
For tJiat Reafon the Spaniards never kill them, bu
fine any one that flvall • And I 'hink there is alio;
A(5t m Jamaica that prohibits their Deftrudtion; an
the Logwood-Cutters, tho' under no fuch Obligi
tion, yet are fo zealoufly fuperftitious, that non
will hurt them, for fear of receiving fome Daniag
afterwards.

Subtle- Jacks are Birds as big as Pidgeons •, they ail
moflly blackifh •, the Tips of their Wing- Feathers aj
yellowifh, as are alfo their Bills. They have ?.pj
culiar and wonderful cunning way of building dil
ferent from any others : Their Nefls hang dowj
from the Boughs of lofty Trees, whofe Bodies a(
clean without Limbs for a confiderable Height ; Ti
Branches to which they faften them, are thofe thj
fpread farthcll out from the Body ; jnd the veil
Extremities of thofe Boughs are only ufed by then
On Trees that grow fingle by themfelves at iomei'
fiance from others, they build clear rounH ; but|
they joyn to others, they make Choice of fudioj
ly as are bordering upon aSavannah, Pond or Creel
and hang down thofe Nells from thofe Limbs th
fpread over their Savannahs, ^c. neglccTtlng fudil
arc near other Trees : Their Nefls hanc; down i«

or three Foot from the T

which they

Bill' Birds, Whiftlmg-T>ucks. 69

illncd, and look jud likt Cabbage-Ncrs ftuft mt\\^»- "676.
iHiy. The Thread that fallens the Ncft to the ^^
wig is made of long Grafs (as is alfo the Nell: it
,jt) very ingenioully twiftcd together: It is but
k!l at the Twig •, but near the Nert grows thicker.
[fkNert has a Hole in the Side for tiie Bird to en-
[trat, and 'tis very pretty to fee twenty or thirty
t them hanging round a I'ree. They are all called
)ythc Eng'ijh^ Subtlr'.yacks^ bccaufc of tliis uncom-
ionway of Building.

There are two or three forrs of Bill-Birds, fo call-
id by the Knglijhy bccaufc their Bills are almolt as
ligas themfelves. The largeft I ever faw are about
t^Mto^ Englifh Wood- peckers, and much like
lem : There are others of a fniallcr fort ; but
hey are not often met with, and I never faw ina-
lyof thfm.

Cockrecoes are fliort-win.ged Birds, coloured like
'irtridge, but fomewhat lellcr ; neither are fhey l"o
ilump and round. They have long I. cgs, delight-
igtorun on the Ground among Woods '1 Iwam-
ly Phices or near Creeks. Tliey make a loud
'•oife Mornings and Evenings, and anfwer one ano-
ler very prettily \ and they are extraordinary fwect
f'leat.

The Water-Fowls are Duck and Mallard j Cur-
b's, Herons, Crabcatchers, Pelicans, Cormorants,
^i^ing-Hawks, Men-of- War-Birds, Boobies, ff?r.
There are three forts of Ducks, viz. The Muf-
ivy, the Whiftling and the common Duck. Muf-
>vy-Dacks are lefs than ours, but otherwife exacl-
ahke. They perch on old dry Trees, or fuch as
I'^e no [.eaves on them, and Icldom light on the
round but to feed. Whiftling-Ducks are fome-
!iat lefs than our common Duck, but not dittcr-
igfrom them in Shape or Colour : In %ing, their
^'ngs make a pretty fort of loud whiftling Noife.
'le alio perch on Trees as the former. "The

E c 3 other

! s!;

!■•

70 Curlews. Tiiicans.

Jh. irtTrt other fort arc like our Common Ducks, both iai

"■^^^^^^^ Bignefs ami Colour, und 1 have never obfcrved them I

to pitch upon Trees. All three forts arc very good!

Meat.

Mere are two forts of Curlews ditVerent in Bignefs I
and Colour •, the greater arc as bi|2; as Turkeys, with
long Legs and long crooked Bills, lik^ a Snipi.'.s,
in Length and Bignefs proportionable to the Bulk of
their Bodies: iTiey arc of a dark Colour i their
Wings black and white •, their Llefh black, butvcryl
fwcct and wholclbme : They are call'd l)y the Eniim
double Curlews, becaufe they are twice as big as thc|
other fort.

'J'he fmall Curlews are of a dufky brown, witli
lonfT, Legs and Bills like the former: their Fle(lii$|
mod" edcirmed as being the fweetcft.

Herons arc like ours in England in Bignefs, Shap;
and Colour.

Crabcatcl'icrs arc fliapcd and coloured like Herons,|
but they are fmaller : They feed on Imall Crabs no
bigger t!iat one's Thumb, of which there is greiij
XMcnty.

Pelicans are large flat-footed Fowls, almoll as b,|
as Geefe, and their Feathers in Colour like them!
they have (horn Legs, long Necks, and their Billj
are about two Inches broad and feventeen or eighteCij
long i the fore-part of their Necks or Brealls is barej
and covered with a foft, fmooth, yet loofe Skin,l'''.j
that about the Necks of Turkies : This Skin is ol
the Colour of their Feathers, mixt with a darkan(|
light grey, fo cxadly interwoven that it appears ve
ry beautiful. They are a very heavy Bird, and \:\
dom fiy far, or very high from the Water : Thej
commonly fit on Rocks at fome Diftance fromtlij
Shore, where tl:ey may look about them. They lecH
to be very melancholy Fowls, by their perching :i|
alone.' they fit as if they were fleeping, hokiinj
their Heads upright, and refting the ends of the!

Bilf

Cormorants, ^arricootas.

h.ii on tlicir Brciill \ they arc better Meat tlun-^'^'j^^'
iBjobb or Mcn-of-War Birtls.

Cormorants arc jull like young Ducks in Shape,
living Inch Feet and Bills : Tluy arc black with
L;[j Urcafts, and live on Imall Filh which they
|ukf near the Shore, or on Worms which tlicy [\ci
n of the Mud at low Water. Tiicy lallc very
By, yet arc indilferenr good Meat, ihey bcin^ vc-
Ityut.
I Filhing-FIawks arc like our rmallcfl fort of Hawks

Lolour aud Sliapc, with fuch Bills and Talons i

hey perch upon Stumps of 'i'recs or dry I.imbs
bt lung over the Water about Creeks, Rivers or
VmW the Sea : and upon Sij^ht of any fmall Fifli
par them, they fl«wim along juft over them, and

ludiing up the Prey with their Talons, prcfcntly
he apain wiLhout touchinjj^ the Water with their
[Wings. They don't iVallow the Filh whole as all
pincr Fifliing Fowls, that ever I fj.w do, but tear
It'.vith their Bills and eat it Piecc-M^al.

The Lagunes, Creekb and Rivers arc plentifully
fored with great Variety of Filh {viz.) Mullets,
poks, Tenpounders, Tarpoms, Cavallies, Parri-
botas, Gar-tilh, Stingrays, S<'ainjh Mackril, with
puny others.

Tenpounders arc fliaped like Mullets, but arc fo
[ull of very fmall ititf' Bones, intermixt with the

'eOi, that you can hardly eat them.

Kuricootas are long Fiih, widi round Bodies like
M.ickril : They have very long Mourhs and Iharp
Tecthi they are about ci^Ht or ten huhes round,
|nd three Foot and half lo, g. 'V\\ty commonly
pnt in Lagunes among inai.vis, or in the Sea near
fccSiiorc. ITiey are a floating Filh, and greedily
^ke tliC Hook, and wii] fnap a: Men too in the
f\;ircr. Wc commonly take them when we are
pdcr Sail, with a Hook towing after our Stern,
'hey are -firm well-tailed Filh •, but 'tis dangerous

Ee 4

eating

r •■

'Mp'

.N'.

I • ?,■

< ,

i^;

72 Gar-Fijh.

Jin. 1 67<5. eating them, for fome Men have been poifon'^d with

^-nr^ them.

Divers Perfons are of Opinion that thefe Crea-
turcs are poyfonous in fome Places only, anH that
but at fome Times of the Year. I knov/ that in nia-
ny Parts of the PFefl-Imlies, fome have been injured
by eating them, and cjiat at different Seafons of the
Year •, therefore Seamen commonly tafte the Li
ver before they venture any further; and if thatbsl
a biting Tafte like Pepper, they efteem the Fifh un-
wholfome, but if not, they eat it : andyetlhavei
found even this Rule fail too. I judge the Headl
and the Parts near it, to be chiefly venomous.

Gar-fifh are round, but neither fo big nor long
as the former -, but what is more peculiar, tliey
have long bony Snouts, like the Sword-lifli, onlyl
as the Sword-fifh's Spo It is flat, and indented like!
a Saw on each fide -, fo on the contrary thefe havcj
their Snouts like a Spear, round, fmooth and fliarp
at the end, and about a Foot long. Thefe are a ford
of floaty or flying Fi(h : for they ik'ip along a Food
or two above the Water, for the length of twcnri/
or thirty Yards: then they jufl: touch the Edge oj
the Water, and fpring forward fo much f.irthtrj
and then touch the Water, and fpring forward a|
gain, a great many times before they ceafe. Tiiejl
dart themfelves with fuch a Force that they ftrikj
their Snout through the fides of a Cocton-Tree Qj
noa ; and we often fear that they will ftrike qoitj
through our very Bodies. ——They are extraori
dinary fweet Fifh.

Spanifh Mackril are in Shape and Colour likeoiij
Mackril, but larger : They arc three Foot or thrtf
and half long, and nine or ten Inches about, anj
they alio are generally eftcemed very excellent Fil

enomous.

Ray. Turtle. Manatee,

The Ray is a flat Fifh, like Skate, and I have feen ^* '^7^*

(iret: forts of them •, viz. the Stingray, the Rafp- ^^^V^^

av and the Whipray. The Stingray and Rafpray

jTcmuch ahke in fliape •, but the former has three

Irfour ftrong Iharp rrickles, near two Inches long,

; the Root of its Tail, which arc fxid to be very

tnomoiis, but the reft of his Skin is fmooth. The

afpray has a rough knotty Skin wherewith Rafps

femade: the Skins of the Jargcft are fo rough,

\n\\t Spaniards in fome Places grate their Cafiavy

lith them, which is a Root very common all over

le Wejl-lndies \ and of which the Spaniards and

M'Jh frequently make their Bread i but the faireft

bs are ufed to cover Surgeons Inftrument Cafes,

lid other fuch fine Things ; but of late tlicy arc

tunterfeited, I have been told tliat in Turkey AfTes

iins are ftamped with fmall hard Seeds, which gives

fm Impreflions like Rafpray.

[The Whipray differs from the other two forts,

ving a fmall, but longer Tail, and ending with

[Knob, Ihaped like a Harpoon. All thefc three

Us are much about a Foot and half broad. There

yet another fort of thefe flat Filh of the Whipray

nd, but of a prodigious bignefs ; I'iz. three or

ur Yards Iquarc, and their Tails as long : thefe

call Sea-Devils ; they are very ftrong Fifh, and

fometimes Gamefom ; but they make an odd

gure when they leap out of the Water, tumbling

erand over.

Neither arc Turtle and Manatee wanting in this
i'ane. Here are fome Flawks-bill-Turtle, but the
ten Turtle is moft plentiful. They are of a
idle fize -, yet here was once a very large one
N, as I have mentioned in my Voyages round the

lere are abundance of Manatee, which are both
ge and Ayeet.

ii '^.rr'"!

II'

!^.

y ■■■ '

■ ^:

H:^

Alligators

i'ilL

:\ n

74. Alligators.

'^«r 1676. Alligators are alfo in great numbers in all li
Creeks, Rivers and Lagunesin the Bay ofCampm
and I think that no part of the Univerfe is bc^
ftock'd with them.

The Alligator is a Creature Co well known eve
v/here, that I fliould not defcribe it, were it not
give an Account of the difference between it
the Crocodile •, for they refemble each other
nearly in their /liape and bulk, as alfo in thi
Natures, that they are generally miflakenforthefa
Species ; only the one fuppofed to be the Male,
other the Female : Whether they are fc or not,
"World may judge by the following Obfcrvatioi
As to their Bulk and length, I never faw any
large as fome I have heard and read of-, butaco
ding to my bed Judgment, though I havcfo
Thoufands, 1 never met witli any above fixtecn
fcventeen Foot long, and as tl\ick as a large C
He is Ihaped like a Lizard, of a dark brown Colo
with a large Head and very long Jaws, with gn
ftrong Teeth, efpecially two of a remarkal
Length, that grow out of, and at the very end
the under Jaw in the fmalled part, on each fidcc
there are two holes in the upper Jaw to receive the
otherways he could not fhut his Mouth. It I
Jfhort Legs and Broad Claws, with a long Tail. T
Head, Back and Tail is fenced with pretty
ScaleSj joyned together with a very thick toui
Skin : Over its Eyes there are two h:ud fcaly Kno!
as big as a Mans Fill, and from the Head to tiic T
along the Ridge of his Back 'tis full oil
knotty hard Scales, not like Fifli-Scales, which
loofe, but fo united to the Skin, that it is :.i.
with it, and can't be taken afunder, but with :i li.
Knife. From the Ridge of the Back down on
Ribs towards' the Belly, (which is of a dusky yeli'
colour like a Frog) there are many of thck.^tvJ
but not fo fubftantial nor fo thick placed as iheoi

■, .1 'I

• Vi

M 1

fhe Crocodile and Alligator differ, 75

j'e Scales are no hindrance to him in turning •, An, 1676
^will turn very quick, confidering his length. V^V^^-
fcen he goes on Land his Tail drags on the

und.

heFlelh fmells very flrong of Musk ; efpecially
If Kernels or Cods that are always found about
1, two of which grow in the Groin, near each
jh; the other two at the Breafl, one under each
e-ifg, and about the bignefs of a Pullets Egg ;
cfore when we kill an Alligator, we take out
[e, and having dried them wear them in our
ts for a perfume. The Flefh is feldom eaten
in cafe of NecefTity, becaufe of its ftrong
r.t.

^'ow the Crocodile hath none of thefe Kernels,
bher doth his Flefh tafte at all ivlusky, therefore
jffnied better Food. He is of a yellow Colour,
|tner hath he fuch long Teeth in his under Jaw,
: Crocodile's Legs alfo are longer, and when it
i on Land, it bears its Tail above the Ground, and
nsup the tip of it in a round Bow, and the Knots
|the Back are much thicker, higher and firmer
rhofe of the Alligator ; and differ alfo as to
I Places where they are found. For in fome Parts,
[here in the Bay of Campeachy, arc abundance of
figators, where yet I never faw nor iieard of any
pcodiles. At the Ifle Grand CaymaneSy there are
bcodiles, but no Alligators. At Pirns by Cuba^
[re are abundance of Crocodiles, but I cannot fay
ire are no Alligators, tho' I never faw any there.
|th Kinds are called Cay7nanes by the Spnniards 5
|rtfore probably they may reckon them for the
ne. And I know of no other difference, for they
khlay Eggs alike, which are not diflinguifhablc: to
pye : They are as big as a Goofe -Egg, but much
kger, and good Meat •, yet the Alligators Eggs tallc
hiMubky : They prey both alike in either Element,

for

i 1;^

, ; ft'

76 ^ogs and Alligators,

>». 1676. for they love Fleili as well as Fifli, and will livj
-ither trefh or fait Water. Befide thefe Creatun
I know none that can live any where, or upon
fort of Food, like them. *Tis reported, thatth
love Dog's-Flefh better tlian any other Flefh w|
foever. This I have feen with my own Eyes, til
our Dogs were fo much afraid of them, that tlj
would not very willingly drink at any gfcatRp
or Creek where thofe Creatures might lurk ai
hide thcmfelves, unleis they were (th'ou^h \
cefliry ) conftrained to it \ and tlien tiiey woii
fl-and five or fix Foot from the brink of t|
Creek or River, and bark a confiderable ;iii
before they would Adventure nearer ; and tli
even at the fight of their own Shadows m
Water, they would again retire to the Ph
from whence they came, and bark vehementlyl
long time •, fo that in the dry Seafon, when thJ
was no frefli Water but in Ponds and Creeks,
ufed to fetch it our felves and give it our Dr
and many times in our Hunting, when we caij
to a large Creek that we were to pafs throiii^
our Dogs would not follow us •, fo that we old
took them in our Arms, and carried them over,
Befides the fore-mentioned difference betwej
the Alligator and Crocodile \ the latter is \
counted more fierce and daring than the All
tor : Therefore when we go to the Ifles of h\
or Grand' Caymanes to hunt, we arc often
lefted by them, c^fpecially in the Night.
in the Bay of Campeachyy where there arc
ly Alligators, I did never know any Ml
chief done by them , except by accident Ml
run themfelves into their Jaws. I renrmb
one Inflance of this Nature, which is as fij
lows.

: ;

Alligators Biting. 7f

ithcvcry height of the dry time fcven or eight ^». K^/fi.

[Inglijh and InJJj) went to a place called s^V^^
iPcwJ, on Beef-JJIafich to hunt. This Pond was
L dry, fo that the Cattle drew hither in Iwarms,
lafur two or three days Hunting they were fhy,

uouU not come to the Pond till Night, and

lif an Army of Men had lain to oppofe them,
jty would not have been debarr'd of Water. The
Inters knowing their Cufloin, lay flill all Day,

in the Night vifited this Pond, and killed as

jiy Beefs as they could. This I'rade they had

Ivtn a Week, and made great profit. At length

|/'.y^' man going to the Pond in the Night, ftumb-

over an Alligutor that lay in the Path: The
|lig;itor fcized him by the Knee •, at which the
tin cries out, Ildp! help I jhis Con forts not know-

v/hat the matter was, ran all away from their
|[$, lappofing that he was fallen into the Clutches
|lome Spaiiiards, of whom they were afraid every

Stafon. But poor Daniel not finding any Al-
[ance, waited till the Bead opened his Jaw to
l^t better hold •, becaufe it is ulual for the AUiga-

10 do lb i and then fnatch'd away his Knee, and
pt the Bat- end of his Gun in the room of it,
iichthc Alligator griped fo hard, that he puli*d
[out of his Pland and fo went away. The
im being near a fmall Tree climb*d up out of

reach •, and then cried out to , his Conforts to

ne and afTiR him i who being Hill within Call,

p watching to hear the IiTue of the Alarm,

ik hafte to him with Fire-brands in their

lands, and brought him away in their Arms

his Hut •, for he was in a deplorable Con-
lion, and not able to ftand on his Feet, his
|r.ec was fo torn with the Alligator's Teeth.
I His Gun was found the next Day ten or twelve

x;i from the place where he was feized, with

tw©

■fi

•it

' t

ii!

7 8 Alligators.

'>f». i576.two large Holes made in the But-end of it,
'•^V^^ on each fide, near an Inch deep ; for I faw
Gun afterwards. This fpoiled their i'port fo
time, they being forced to carry the Man to
Ifland '/ir//?, where there Ships were, which
fix or {twQ,r\ Leagues diftant.

This Irijh-Man went afterwards to A't'w-f^j'J
to be cured, in a Ship belonging to Bo(\o}\
nine or ten Months after returned to the Bay agi
being recovered of his Wound, but went limpj
ever after.

This was all the mifchief that ever I heard
done in the Bay of Ca?nfeachy, by the CreViij
cali'd Alligators.

;■ I

CHA

i ll ,; ,

,. k

C H A P. II,

^jood Mens way of Living. Their Hun-

';«(/ for Beefs in Canoas. Alligators. The

kthors fetling '-joith Logijjood-Men. He ts

Wnfin Hunting, Captain Hall and his Mens

iildjlcr. The "-jjay of prefaving Bullocks

Elks. Two hairy Worms growing in the

Uiitbor's Leg. T>angcrous Leg-wor^ns in

tk Wert- Indies. The Author ftrangely cured

l^f one. A violent <^torm. A 'Defcription

b/ Beef- 1 Hand : its Fruits and Animals. The

Spaniards way of hockfing Cattle. Their care

Ic/ prefervi?tg their Cattle, The waflejul

mf.niilwn made of them by the Englifh and

Ifrcnch 'Privateers, The Authors narrow

Wcapefrom an Alligator.

H E Logwood-Cutters (as I laid before) in-
habit the Creeks of the Eail and Weft La-
nes in fmall Companies, building their Huts cioic
Jthe Creeks fides for the beneftt of the Sea-Breezes,
Ineirthe Logwood Groves as they can, removing
en to be near their Buiinef;> ; yet when they xrc
N in a good open Plaee, they chufc rather to go
1 Mile in their Canoas to work, than lofe that
Bvtnience. Tho' they build their Huts but flight-
yet they take care to thatch them very well with
F or Palmeto Leaves, ro prevent the Rains,
kiare there very violent, from foakingin.

jfif. 1576;

ill

' 't I

For

Logwood Cutters.

\\\

>». 1676. For their Bedding they raiTe a Barbecue,
1/%^ wooden Frame ; Foot and a half above GrounJ
one fide of the lloult.' •, and flick up four Stakes 1
each corner one, to fiiflcn their Pavilions ; out
which here is no flceping lor Moskitots.

Another Frame tliey raile covered wiili I'arth
a Flearth to drefs their Viftuals : and a third to
at when they eat it.

During the wet Seafon, the Land where
Logwood grows is fo overflowed, that they lUpfr^
their Beds into the Water perliaps two Foot dej
and continue ftanding in the wet all Day, till [\
go to bed again •, but neverthek fs account it
befl: Seafon in the Year for doing a good Day's
hour in.

Some fell the Trees, others f;:w and cut then is
convenient Logs, and one chips off the Sap,
he is commonly a principal Man *, and when
Tree isfo thick, that after it has lodged, krum
flill too great a Burcheri for one Man, we blow]
up with Gun-powder.

The Logwood-Cutters arc generally fturdy ftro
Fclbws, and will carry Burthens of three or fo|
hundred Weight j but every Man is left to his cho
to carry what he pleafeth, and commonly they ag
very well about it: For they are contented to
hour very hard.

But when Ships come from Jamaica with Rij
and Sugar, they are too apt to mifpend both tii
Time and Money. If the Commanders of th
Ships arc Free, and treat all that come the
Day with Punch, they will be much rerpedted,i|
every Man will pay honeftly for what he driij
afterwards j but if he be niggardly, they will
him with their woifl: V/ood, and commonly
have a Hock of fuch laid by for that purpoij
nay, they will clieat them with hollow Woodh'
with dir: in rhc middle and both ends plugg-l

Beef Hunting.

Hji a piece of the fame drove in hard, and then-^*-
ttd off fo neatly, that it's hard to Hnd our the ^^
celt i but if any Man come to purchafe with Bills
Lyabie at Jamaica^ they will be fure to give him the
[llWood.

)ln fome places, efpecially in the Weft Creek, of
IWeft Lagunc, they go a Hunting every Satur-
L to provide themfelves with Beef for the Week
kiowing.

[The Cattle in this Country are large and fat in Fe-
wrv, March and April: At other times of the
inrthey are fleiliy, but not fat, yet fweet enough.
fhen ihcy have killM a Beef, they cut it into four
(larcers, and taking out all the Bones, each Man
ikes a hole in the middle of his Quaiccr^ juft big
flugh tor his Head to go thro*, then puts it on like
Frock, and trudgeth home i and i'f he chances lo
t, he cuts off fome of it^ and flings it away.
[It is a Diverfion plcalant enough, though not
piitfome danger, to hunt ii a Canoa •, for then
:C;utle having no oth<u- feeding Places than the
(es of the Savannahs, which arefomewhat higher
ound than the mi<kile, they are forced fometimes
Ifwim , fo that we may eafily come to Ihoot them,
|en they are thus in the Water.
itic Beaft, when flie is fo hard purfued that flie
Imotefcape, turns about and comes full tilt at the
Roa, and ftriking her Head againft the Frow,
VC5 her back twenty or thirty Pacts •, then fhe
npers away again : But if fhe has received a
ound, flie commonly purfue us till ihe is knock'd
Our chiefeft Care is to keep the Head of the
lioa towards her i for if fhc fhould ftrike againft
[Broad-fide, it would endanger over- fetting it, and
peqiiently wetting our Arms and Amunition. Be-
I the Savannahs at this time fwarm with Alliga-
and therefore arc the more dangerous on thaC

1676,

wnt.
'oi. II.

\'\

\ '''

.1 ^•

F f

Theft

1 1'

■ii

Alligator si

An. 1676. Thefc Creatures in the wet Seafon forfakc m
^^y^V^ Rivers, and inhabit the Drowncd-Savannahs to me<
with Purchafc, and no Flelli comes amils to thtm
whether alive or dead. Their chief Subfidenceib
is on young Cattle, or fuch CarkaiTcs an we \m
behind us, which in the dry Seafon reed chcCuriol
Crows, but now are a Prey to the Alligators. Thj
remain here till the Water drains offfrom the Land
and then confine themfclvcs to the ftagnant Pomisl
and when they are dry, they ramble aw.:y to foi(
Creek or River.

The Alligators In this Ba'j are not fo fierce as ihj
are rej^ortea to be in other Places •, for I never kns
them purfue any Man, although we do frequcnd
meet them, nay, they will flee from us : andlh.ii
drank out of a Pond in the dry Time tliat lij
been full of them, and the Water not deep enouf
to cover their Backs, and the compals of the Pol
fo fmall, that I could get no Water but by comij
within two Yards of the Alligator's Nofe i they
ing with their E leads towards mine as 1 was drin
ing, and looking on me all the while. Neither i
1 ever hear of any bit in the Water by them, til
probably fhould a Man happen in their way, til
%vould feize upon him.

Having thus given fome Dcfcription of ihc Coil
try, I fhall next give an Account of my living \ij
the Logwood Men, and of fevcral Occurrencesi
happened during my Stay here.

Tho* I was a Stranger to their Employment
Manner of living, as being known but to thofel
only of whom we bought our Wood, in my
mcr Voyage hither -, yet that little Acquaintand
then got, encouraged me to vifit them after myl
cond arrival here j being in hopes to ilrike in]
work with them. There were fix in Compi
who had a Hundred Tuns ready cut, logg'^
chipp'd, but not^brought to the Creek- fide,^andt|

\b Author entering upon the Log-ji^ood-Trade. %%

ipfcled a Ship from \Nru;-Ef:gl.ind in a Month or-^"' ^^7<J«
Fo, to fetch it: away. ^y'VNj

When I came hither, thry were beginning to
Irirgitto the Creek : And bccaufc the Ca^ri:\^^e ii
jitnardcft Work, they hired mc to help them at
rate of a Tun of Wood /'^r Month •, 'proniifing
ithat after this Carriage was over, I fhould flrike
to work with tl -m, for thcv wore all oblin-cd in
onds to procure this lOO Tunsjuintly together, but
Dr no more.

This Wood lay all in the Circumference of 5 or
|co Yards, and about 300 from the Crcek-fidc in
middle of a very thick Wood, unpalVable with
brthens, Tlie firit Thing we did was to bring it all
one Place in the middle, and from thence vvc
ktavery large Path to carry it to the Creck-fide.
[e laboured hard at this Work five Days in the
Jeek , and on Saturdays went to the Savannahs and
liikd Beeves,

[When they killed a Beef, if there were more than
urof us, the Overplus went to fcek frefli Game,
' ' the reft drefs'd it.
[1 went out the firft Sunday and complied very
W with my Mailer's Orders, which was only to
|lp drive the Cattle out. of the Sa^'annahs into the
foods, where two or three Men lay to flioot them :
ad having kill'd our Game, we marched Home
Ith our Burthens. The next Saturday after I went
jth a Defign to kill a Beef my felf, thinking it
ore Honour to try my ownTkill in Shooting, than
|ly to drive the Game for others to flioot at. We
It now to a Place called the Uppcr-Savaijf?ab, go-
; four Miles in our Canoas, and then landing, walk-
lone Mile through the Woods, before we came in-
the Savannah, and marched about two Miles in it,
ifore we came up with any Gamie. Here 1 gave my
Ppanions the flip, and wandered fo far into the
[oods that I loft my felf •, neither could I find the

F i 2 v/ay

' : il

' jif

);!

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

^^4*<.

^4'

1.0

1.1

'.25

1^121 125

Hiotogiaiiiic

Sciences

Corporation

23 WIST MAIN STRIET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14SM

(716) 873-4503

«4

The Author iofit in the Woods.

i t'

;<«». 1676. way into the open Savannal^ but inftead of t ji
^"^^VN- ran direftly from it, through fmall Spots of SavJ
nahs and Skirts of Woods. This was fom^time J
Ma^^ and it was between ten a Clock and one wlij
I began to find that I was (as we called it, 1 U
pofe from the Spaniards) morooned^ or loft, an
quite out of the Hearing of my Comrade's Gun,
I was fomewhat furprized at this •, but however,)
knew I Ihould find my way out, as foon as the Su
was a little lower. So I fat down to reft my
refolving however to run no farther out of my way!
for the Sun being fo near the Zenith, I couM nij
diftinguilh how to diredt my Courfe. Being wea
and almoft faint for want of Water, I was fore
to have rtcourfe to theWild-Pines, and wasbythej
fupplied, or elfe I mull have perifhed with Thir
About three a Clock I went due North, as nearaj
could judge, for the Savannah lay Eaft and We
and I was on the South- fide of it.

At Sun-fet I got into the clear open Savanii
being about two Leagues wide in moft Places,
how long I know not. It is well ftored with U
jocks, but by frequent hunting they grow Hiy, it
remove farther up into the Country. Here I fou
my felf four or five Miles to the Weft of the Pl«
where I ftragled from my Companions. I m^
homewards with all the fpced I could, but bein
vertaken by the Night, I lay down on the Gii
a good diftancc from the Woods, for the beneiitj
the Wind, to keep the Muflcitoes from me, buu
vain : for in lefs than an Hours Time I was fo]
fecuted, that though I endeavoured to keep th
off by fanning my lelf with Boughs and Ihifdngj
Quarters three or four Times j yet ftill they hau
cd me fo that I could get no fleep. At Daybr^
I got up and diredled my Courfe to the Creek wh
"we landed, from which I was then about
Leagues. I did not fee one Beaft of any fortwll

Captain Hall loft hi the Woods. 85

Lverin all the way ; though the Day before I faw An 1676',
vcral young Calves that could not follow their ^•■^'Y'*^
ms, but even thefe were now gone away, to my
cat Vexation and Difappointment, for I was very
ungry. But about a Mile farther, I fpied ten or
elve Quams perching upon the Boughs of a Cot-
n-Tree. Thefe were not fhy, therefore I got well
lout^h under them -, and having a fingle Bullet
ar no (hotj about me, fired at one of them, but
ifs'd it, though I had before often killed them fo.
hen 1 came up with, and fired at five or fix Tur-
eys, but with no better Succefs. So that I was for-
to march forward ftill in the Savannah, toward
c Creek ; and when I came to the Path that led to
through the Woods, I found (to my great Joy j a
at ftuck upon a Pole : and when I came to the
reek I found another. Thefe were fet up by my
nforts, who were gone home in the Evening, as
nals that they would come and fetch me. There-
re I fac down and waited for them •, for although
ad not then above three Leagues home by Water,
tit would have been very difficult, if not impof-
le for me to have got thither over Land, by rea-
nof thofevaft unpaflableThickets abounding every
re along the Creek fide ; wherein I have known
e puzzled for two or three Days, and have not
Ivanced half a Mile, though they laboured ex-
mly every Day. Neither was I difappointed
my hopes *, for within half an Hour after my Ar-
al at the Creek, my Confer ts came, bringing e-
Man his Bottle of Water, and his Gun, both
hunt for Game, and to give me notice by firing,
it I might hear them ; for I have known feveral
n loft in the like manner, and never heard of af-
ards.

Jch an Accident befcl one Captain Hail of A^^:^;-
W, who came hither in a Bojfon Ship, to take
Logwood, and was fraighted by two Scofch^

F f 3 rncn.

I.' V

km .

H 1

'ii

Ii.
i

Sd Captain Hall //?/?.

;^». 1676 ffjfft^ and one Mr. fV. Cane, an /r//Z>-man who del
^*''^^'>r^ figninp; to go with Goods from Jamaica to Nevj-hj
laud i tor that reafon when his Logwood was aboarc
tarried at 'Trift with the Ship, and hunted once ij
two or three Days for Beef to lengthen out his Saj
Provifion. One Morning the Captain dcfigning tl
hunt, took five of his Men, with his Mate, as J
his Mercliant Mr. Cr^«<: along witli him. ThcylanJ
ed at the Eaft-end of the Ifland, which is low Mii
grczc-Land i the Savannah is a confiderable diftan^
from the Sea, and therefore troublefome to get
it. However, unlcfs they would row four or h
Leagues farther, they could not find a more coil
vcnicnt place •, bcfide, they doubted not of Mr.Ca;.?j
fkill to conduct them. After they had followed hi]
a Mile or two into the Woods, the Captain fcein
him to make a Halt (as being in fome doubtj
confidcr of the way, told him in derifion, that
was but a forry Woodfman, and that he won
fwing him but twice round, and he fhould notgud^
the way out again ; and faying no more to hij
went forwards, and bid his Seamen follow hiij
which they did accordingly. Mr. Ca?7C, after he i
recolle6led himfelf, ftruck off another way, and(
fired them to go with him : But inllead of th^
they were all for following tho Captain. In a lli^
Time Mr. Cane got out of thft Woods into the '
vannah, and there killed a good fat Cow, andquj
tering it, made it fit for Carriage, fuppofing
Crptain and Crew would foon be with him.
after waiting three or four Hours, and firing his(
Ifveral Times, without hearing any Anfwer, to
np his Burden and returned towards the Sea-liJ
and upon giving a fignal a Boat came and brouj
him aboard. In the mean Time the Captain and]
Men after four or five Hours ranging the Woo
began to grow tired, and then his Mate hapj
trulling more to his own Judgment, left him

Captain Hall loft. 87

Lfour Seamen, and about four or five a Clock, be- '^'»- '<^7^
Lalmoft fpent with Thirft, got out of the Woods ^^"V^^
jtheSea-fliore, and as weak as he was, fired hisGim
jor the Boat to fetch him, which was immediately

one.

When we came aboard he gave an Account where-

out, and in what a Condition he left the Captain
i',d his Men ; but it being then too late to feck him,

next Morning very early Mr.C^«^ and two Sea-
n taking Directions from the Mate Cwho was fo
Aligned that he could not ftir) where he had left the
Optaln, went afhore, and at length came within

of him, and at laft found him laid down in a
riiicket, having jultfenfe to call out fometimes, but
0: Strength enough to (land ; fo they were forced
) carry him to the Sea- fide. When they had a little
tfrelhed him with Brandy and Water, he told them
low his Company had fainted for Thirft, and drop'd
own one after another, though he ftill encouraged
(km to be chearful and reft themfelves a while, till
kcgot fome fupplies of Water for them ; that they
Lfre very patient, and that two of his Men held out

five a Clock in the Afternoon, and then they
fiinred alfo ; but he himfelf proceeded in queft of
pis way till Night ; and then fell down in the place
ifhere they then found him.

The two Seamen carried the Captain aboard, while

^\:,Cane fearched about for the reft, but to no pur-

ofe; for he returned without them, and could ne-

^er hear of them afterwards.

This was a warning to me never to ftraggle from

ny Conforts in our Hunting. But to proceed.

When my Month's Service was up, in which time
^e brought down all the Wood to the Creek-fide,

was prefently pay'd my Tun of Logwood ; with
^hich, and fome more that 1 borrowed, I bought a
[ittlc Provifion, and was afterwards entertained as a

F f 4 Com-

vmY

{

, r

4;'
1 •, •

m ■

W'l ■" fit'

iiii

10. ; ' . •■

1 ! M,

ri: \

"**l'

Bullocks Hides,

"An. 1676 Companion at Work with fomc of my forme
^^V^ Mailers ; for they prefently broke up Confortfliii]
Jetting the Wood lye till either Mr. Weft came 1
fetch it, according to his Contra6t, or elfe till the
fhould otherwife difpofe of it. Some of then
immediately went to Beef-IJland to kill Bullod;
for their Hides, which they preferve by pegg'm
them out very tite on the Ground. Firft they tur
the flefliy-fidc, and after the Hair upwards, lettb
them lye fo till they are very dry. Thirty-twJ
ftrong Pegs as big as a Man*s Arm, are requirel
to ft retch the Hide as it ought to be. When the]
are dry they fold them in the middle from Headtj
Tail, with the Hair outward ; and then hang then
crofs a ftrong Pole, fo high that the ends may no
touch the Ground, 40 or 50 one upon another, an|
once in three Weeks or a Month they beat then
with great Sticks, to ftrike off the Worms M
breed in the Hair, and eat it off, which fpoils th
Hide. When they are to be ftiip'd off", they foal
them in fait Water to kill the remaining Worms!
and while they are yet wet they fold them infou
folds, and afterwards ipread them abroad again tj
dry. When they are fully dry, they fold them u|
:igain, and fo fend them aboard. I was yet aStnn
ger to this Work, therefore remained with threci
the old Crew to cut more Logwood. My Confori|
■were all three Scotcb-Mtn •, one of them named P'M
Morrice had lived there fome Years, and was Mifte
of a pretty large Periago •, for without fome foni
Boat, here is no ftirring from one place to anothej
The other two were young Men that had been bre
Merchants, viz. Mr. Duncan Campbell • and Mr.Gwrj
— Thefe two not liking either the Place or Emplo^
ment, waited an Opportunity of going away by thj
firft Ship that came hither to take in Logwood. Aa
cordingly not long after the above-mentioned Cm
Hall of Bojlofiy came hither on that defign, andwi

fraighti

Strange Leg-worms, Sp

sighted by them with 40 Tun. It was agreed that ^^^,^25*
me (hould ftay behind to cut Logwood ; but
ffhill Ihould go to New-England to fell this Car-
and bring back Flour, and fuch other Commo-
tes that were proper to purchafe Hides and Log-
in the Bay. This retarded our Bufinefs •, for
did not find Price Morrice very intent at Work :
'tis like he thought he had Logwood enough.
1 1 have particularly obferved there, and in other
ices, that fuch as had been well-bred, were gene-
iy moft careful to improve their Time, and would
I very induftrious and frugal, when there was any
obability of confiderable Gain. But on the con-
bry, fuch as had been inurM to hard Labour, and
[it their Living by the fweat of their Brows, when
icy came to a Plenty, would extravagantly fquan-
[away their Time and Money in Drinking and
iing a Blufter.

[To be Ihort, I kept to my Work by my felf, till I

i hindered by a hard, red, and angry Swelling like

oyl, in my right Leg ; fo painful that I was fcarce

|!e to (land on it : but I was diredled to roaft and

[ply the Roots of White Lillies (of which here is

itat plenty growing by the Creek fides) to draw

|to a Head. This I did three or four Days, without

Benefit. At laft I perceived two white Specks

I the middle of the Boil •, and fqueezing it, two

white Worms fpurted out : I took them botii

I in my Hand, and perceived each of them to be

(relied with three Rows of black, Ihort, (liffHair,

ning clear round them *> one Row near each end ;

: other in the middle ; each Row diftind from o-

fr; and all very regular and uniform. The Worms

re about the bignefs of a Hen*s Quill, and about

«e fourths of an Inch long.

t never Yaw Worms of this fort breed in any Ivlan's

p. Indeed Guinea Worms are very Sequent in

He Places of die JVaJl- Indies^ cfpecially at Cura-

fao i

i' t

1', !l

• Ll:

•I !i

I I

90 A flrange Cure.

Am, •6'/6y^^ . »jp|^gy \ycttA as well in Whites as Negroes ; Ai;
becaufc that Ifland was formerly a MagazinofNj
groes, while the Dutch drove that Trade with tli
SpaniarJsj and the Negroes were moft fubjeft
them -, 'twas therefore believed that other Peopi
took them by Infection from them. I rather judj
that they are generated by drinking bad Water •, an
*tis as likely that the Water of the other Ifland
jiruha and Bonariry may produce the fame EfFciSlsl
for many ot thofe tiiat went with me from thence
Virginia (mentioned in my former Volume) wej
troubled with them after our Arrival there : para
cularly I my felf had one broke out in my Ancli
after I had been there five or fix Months.

ThefcWorr irc no bigger than a large brofl
Thread, but fas I have heard j five or fix Yards U
and if it breaks in drawing out, that part which ri
mains in the Ficfli will putrifie, and be very painful
and indanger the Patient's Life ; or at lead the ufe(
that Limb : and I have known fome tliat have bej
fcarified and cut ftrangely, to take out the Worn
I was in great Torment before it came out
Leg and Ancle fwell*d and look'd very red and A
gry ; and I kept a Plaifter to it to bring it to a Hc^l
At laft drawing off my Plaifler out came about thrj
Inches of the'Worm i ^and my Pain abated prekntlj
Till then I was ignorant of my Malady ; and tif
Gentlewomen, at whofe Houfe I was, took it for)
Nerve •, but I knew well enough what it was, li
prefently roll'd it up on afmall Stick. After tbtj
opened it every Morning and Evening, and ftrairj
it out gently, about two Inches at a time, notwiij
out fome paiu, till at length I had got out about i
Foot.

Riding with one Mr. Ri chat dfi/j, whowasgoiij
to a Negro to have his Hoife cured of a gi'll
Back, I alked the Negro if he could undertake i
Leg : whith he did very readily •? and in the infj

Leg-worms,

jie I obfcrved his Method in curing the Horfe *, -^w

[iichwas this. Firft he ftrokM the fore Place, then '

plying to it a little rough Powder, which looked

iTobacco-l.eaves dryed and crumbled Imall, and

ribling fome "Words to himfelf, he blew upon the

three times, and waving his Hands as often over

faid, it would be well fpeedily. His Fee for the

larewas a white Cock.

Then coming to me, and looking on the Worm
imy Ancle, he promifcd to cure it in tiirce Days,
nanding alfo a white Cock for his Pains, and u-
jexaftly the fame Method with me, as he did with
^eHorfe. He bad me not open it in three Days ;
Btl did not (lay fo long *, for the next Morning the
3oath being rubb*d otF, I unbound it, and found
; Worm broken off, and the hole quite heialed up.
[was afraid the remaining Part would have given
ne Trouble, b' - have not felt any Pain there from
kDay to this.

To return. I told you how I was interrupted in
Allowing my Work, by the Worm's breeding in my
And to compleat my Misfortune, prefently
ifier we had the mod violent Storm for above 24
lours, that ever was known in thefe Parts. An Ac-
[ojntof which I fliall give more particularly in my
\mrfe of Windi^ and ihall now only mention fome
" " ies.

I have already faid, we were four of us in Compa-
|iyat this Place cutting Logwood : and by this Storm
^cre reduced to great Inconveniencies ; for while
hat lafted we could drefs no Viduals, nor even now
[was over, unlefs we had done it in theCanoa •, for
he higheft Land near us was alnioft three Foot un-
Her Water: befides our Provifion too was moil of it
[poiled, except the Beef and Pork, which was buc
Vie the worle.

I We had a good Canoa large enough to carry us
Mi and feeing ic in vain today here any longer, we

all

\6^i^

I .

/'i

Ships fore d afbore.

'^». i67tf. all embarked and rowed away to One-Bujh-Kis
'^^'^^ bout four Leagues from our Huts. There were foi
Ships riding here, when the Storm began : but
our Arrival we found only one, and hoped to ha
got fome Refrefhment from it, but found very col
Kntertainment : For we could neither get Bread n
Punch, nor fo much as a Dram of Rum, though
offered them Money for it. The Reafon was, thi
were already over-charged withfuchas being diftri
fed by the Storm, had been forced to take Sanftua
with them. Seeing we could not be fupplied hci
we afked which way the other three Ships were d
ven ? they told us that Captain Prottt of New-h
land was driven towards Trifle and 'twas probable
was carried out to Sea, unlefs he ftruck on a Sani
called the Middle-Ground', that Captain Skinmr
New-England was driven towards Beef-IJland \ am
Captain Chandler of London^ drove away towan
Man-of'lVar Lagune.

Beef-IJland Iks North from One-Bu/hKey \ butti
other two Places lie a little on each fide : One to ti
Eaft •, the other to the Weft. So away we went foi
Beef-IJland : and coming within a League of ir, wi
faw a Flag in the Woods, made faft to a Pole, am
placed on the Top of a high Tree. And comin[
Hill nearer, we at laft faw a Ship in the Woods, a
bout 200 Yards from the Sea. We rowed direftl
towards her ; and when we came to the Woods fidej
found a pretty clear Paffage made by the Ship thro
the Woods, the Trees being all broke down ; an
about three Foot Water Home to the Ship. W
rowed in with our Canoa, and went aboard, am
were kindly entertained by the Seamen : but tb
Captain was gone aboard Captain Prout, whoftuci
faft on the middle Ground before-mentioned. Ca|
tain Prout*s Ship wa^ afterwards got ofl' again
but the Stumps of the Trees ran clear through tii
bottom of Captain Skimtar^^ therefore there was ni

A Storm. 91

^ of fiiving her. Here we g )t Vidluals and An. 1676;
anch, and ftaycd about two Hours, in which Time ^^ '

Captain came aboard and invited us to ftay all
ight. But hearing fome Guns fired in Man-of^
ifLiiuMf we concluded that Captain Chandler

there, and wanted Afliftance. Therefore wc

[fntly rowed away thither, for wc could do no

ice here i and before Night found him alfo

k fall on a Point of Sand. The Head of his
;;:ch was dry, and at the Stern there was above

r Foot Water. Our coming was very feafonable

Captain Chandler^ with whom we ftayed two Days :

which Time we got out all his Goods, carried off

is Anchor, iJc, and fo not being able as yet to dp

more Service, we left him for the prcfent, and

t away to hunt at Beef-IJlarJ,
At 'trijl were four Vefiels riding before this
itorm i one of them was driven off to Sea, and
ver heard of afterwards. Another was caft dry

jn the (horc, where (he lay and was never got
(again : But the third rode it out. Another was
ling without the Bar of TVi/?, and fhe put to Sea,
ndgot to New-Er,gland \ but much Ihattered. A-
out three Days before this Storm began, a fmall
JjlTei, commanded by Captain r^//y, went hence,
ound to Jamaica, This Veffel was given for loft
[yall the Logwood-Cutters \ but about four Months
ier Ihe returned thither again •, and the Captain
lid he felt nothing of the Storm, but when he was

aut 30 Leagues to Windward of Tri/?, he had a
hlh Simmafenta IVind that carried him as high as
i^tCondecedo ; but all the Time he faw very black
pouds to the Weftward.

Beef-IJIand is about feven Leagues long, and three

four broac'. It lies in length Eaft and Weft.
\k Eaft-end looks towards the Ifland Triit ; and is
k drowned Land : and near the Sea produceth

' ig but white and black Mangrove-Trees. The

North.

;!^^'}

ifl

J.I

I ;*'

•'i

94- Becf-Illaiid.

Am, i6j6. Uonh-fi'\c lies Open to tlic Main Srrt, nnnift
^^"^^^ llraijrlu from Ea(l to Weft. The FaflcrmoU ,J
for about three Leagues from 7>/,^ is 1 ,ow and mA
grovy 1 at the end of which there is a fmall fj
Cre^K, deep enough at high Water for Bouis
pal's.

From this Creek to the Weft-end, is fourLeagt
all fandy Bay, clofcd on the back-fide with ale
Sand-bank, abounding with thick prickly Bufhe
like a White-thorn ; bearing a vvhitifh hard Oislj
Fruit, as big as a Sloe, much like a Calfabai
The Weft-end is wafhed with the River St. Pd
Sr. Paul. This end is over-grown with red MaJ
groves. About three Leagues up from the Moui
of this River ftioots forth a fmall Branch, runnin
to the Eaftward, and dividing Reef-IJland from tfl
Main on the South, and afterwards makes a greJ
Lake of frcfti Water, called FreJh-IVater U^ui
This afterwards falls into a fait Lake, called Afiij
of'lVar Lngune •, which empties it fclf into hpii
Tennina, about two Leagues from the South-Ei
Point of the Ifland.
■ The in fide or middle of this Ifland Is a Savannali
bordered all round with Trees, moft Mangrovy
tither black, white or red, with fome Logwood.

The South-fide, between the Savannahs and tli
Mangroves is very rich. Some of this Land lyes
Ridges higher than the Savannahs.

The Savannahs produce plenty of long Grafs, an
the Ridges curious high flouriihing Trees of divo
forts.

- The Fruits of this Ifland are Penguins^ both red an
yellow, Guavers, Sapadilloes, Limes^ Oraiigfs,
Thefc laft but lately planted here by a Colony of/d
ans ; who revolted from tht Spaniards and fettled hfij

It is no new Thing for the Indians in thefewoo
Parts of America^ to fly away whole Towns
once, and fettle themfelves in the unfrequenn

WooJ

Indian Jlammockt, 95

foods to enjoy their Freedom ; and if they are^». i^'/6.
Jcntally difcovcrcd, they will remove ajrain i -^^ ">rf
iich they ciifily do •, their HoufljoKi-Goods ucing
jlf c'fe but their Cotton Hammocks, and their
iliibafrcs. They build every Man his own \ loule,
tyc up their Hammocks between two 'J rccs *,
[iicrtin they deep till their Hoiilcs arc made. The
(ioods afford them ibme Subliltente, as Pecar-j and
^yrt'^ but they that are thus llroling (or 7fiorocf!'
5, as the Spaniards call 11) have i'Kintain-Walks
; no Man knows buttlK-mlclvcs, and from thence
ty have their Food, till they have railol Plantati-
iProvifion near their r.cw built Town. 'Ihey clear
imore Ground than what rliey adually employ
Jdf their Subfillence. 'I hey make no Tadis : buc
(bthey go tar from Home, tlicy break now and
p a Bough, letting it hang down, which Icrves
I a Mark to guide tiiem in their return. It' they
kppcn to be difcovcrcd by other liuUans, inhabit-
;ilill among the Stamardsy or do but miftrult it,
t) immediately fhift their Qiiarters to another
llice. This large Country affording them good fat
ind enough, and very Woody, ^ and therefore a
iropcr Sanduary for them.

I It was ibme of thefe fugitive Imlians that came
live at Beef-IJland v where, befides gaining their
[reedom from the Spaniards^ they might fee their
friends and Acquaintance, that had been taken fomc
jbe before by the Privateers, and fold to the Log-
jood-Cutters, with whom fome of the Women lived
fll, tho' others of them had been condudled by them

their own Habitations. It was thefe

^omen after their return made known the kind
ntertainment that they met with from the EngUfh ;
|id perfwaded their Friends to leave their Dwellings
far the Spaniards^ and fettle on this Ifland •, and
py had been here almoll! a Year before they were
[(covered by the EagUJh : and even then were ac-
cidentally

' \%\

/v/jL

\^,

Bccf-Ifland Animals,

Jbi. i676.cidentally found out by the Hunters, as they fcHoJ
^■^^V"^ ed their Game. They were not very fhy all the tiri
I lived there ; but I know that upon the leaftdifey
they would have been gone.

The Animals of this Ifland are, S(iuajhes in abu,
dance. Porcupines, Guanoes, Pojfoines, Pecary^ J)e^
Horfes, and Horn-Cattle.

This Ifland does properly belong to Johnd* Acni
a Spaniard of Campeachy Town, who poflTeffed
when the Englijh firft came hither to cut Logwoo
His Habitation was then at the Town of Campeacbl
but in the dry Seafon he ufed to come hither in)
Bark, with fix or feven Servants, and fpend twoi
three Months in hockfing and killing Cattle, on
for their Hides and Tallow.

The Engiijb Logwood-Cutters happened oncej
come hither, whilft John d* Acojia was there j aq
he hearing their Guns, made towards then, and i
fired them to forbear firing ; becaufe it would mai
the Cattle wild ; but told them that any Time whj
they wanted Beef, if they fent to him he would hd
as many as they pleafed, ?.nd bring the Meat to did
Canoas. The Englijh thankfully accepted his OfFej
and did never after fhoot his Cattle •, but fent
him when they wanted *, and he (according to
Promife) fupplied them. This created him foniuj
Friendfliip, that they intended when they return^
to Jamacia to bring him a Prefent, and Goods
fo to Trade with him -, which would have bcj
very Advantagious to both Parties : but fomc
his Servants acquainted the Townfmen of it,
his return to Campeachy. And they being Jealous
the Englijh, and envying him, coin plained to til
Governour ; who prefently call him into Prifof
where he remained many Years : This happen
about the Year 71 or 72. Thus the Projeft
Trading with the Englijh mifcarried here, and Jffl
d* AcoJla was forced to relinquifli his Right of tli

pleafai

Hockfing Cattle. 97

itand profitable Ifland, leaving it wholly to the^»« 16"'^.
M ; for neither he nor any other Spaniard ever ^^^V\i
jc hither afterward to hocks Cattle.
[This way of Hockfing Bullocks feems peculiar to

Spaniards •, efpecially to thofe that live herea-

Bts, who are very dextrous at it. For this Rea-

ifome of them are conftantly employed in it all

.Year-, and fo become very expert. The Hdckfer

[mounted oa a good Horfe, bred up to the Sport *,

I knows fo well when to advance or retreat upon

afion, that the Rider has no trouble to manage

His Arms is a Hockfing Iron, which is made

Itlic Shape of a Half-Moon, and from one Corner

lie other is about fix or fcven Inches ; with a

Iharp Edge.
[this Iron is faftned by a Socket to a Pole abouC

teen or fifteen Foot long. When the Hockfer is
Idunted, he lays the Pole over the Head of his
brfe, with the Iron forward, and then rides after
[Game ; and having overtaken it, fl:rikes his Iron
[above the Hock, and hamfl:rings it. The Horfe
tfently wheels off to the left ; for the wounded
makes at him prefently with all his Force v
; he fcampers away a good Difl:ance before he
nes about again. If the Hamfiiring is not quite
[afunder with the Stroke, yet the Bullock by con-
fpringing out his Leg, certainly breaks it :

then can go but on three Legs, yet ftill limps
wd to be revenged on his Enemy. Then the
\^ltr rides up foftly to him and ft:rikes his Iron

the Knee of one of his fore- Legs ; and then

[inimcdiately t mbles down. He gets off his

rfe, and takir^, a fiiarp-pointed ftrong Knife,

bit into his Pole, a little belilnd the Horns, fo

TouQy that at one Blow he cuts the String of his

kj and down falls his Head. This they call
\% Then the Hockfer immediately mounts, and

after more Game, leaving the other to the

OL. II, Gg Skinners

' (

< :i

98 Weft-Indies Jlock'J with Cattle.

An^iejC Skinners, ^ho are at hand, and ready to take
' ' his Hide.

The right Ear of the Hockfing-Horfe by
Weight of the Pole laid conftantly over it when]
Duty, hangs down always, by which you may kr
it from other Horfes.

The Spaniards pick and chufe only the Bulls i
old Cows, and leave the young Cattle to breed i
which means th^y always preferve their Stock eW
On the contrr y, the EngUJh and French kill with!
Diftinftion ; yea, the Young rather than the
without regard of keeping up their Stock. Jm
is a 'remarkable Inftance of this our Folly in
Particular. For when it was firft taken by the
lijhy the Savannahs were well ftockt with Cattle j
were foon all deftroyM by our Soldiers, who fuffej
great Hardfhips afterwards for it : and it was nc
ftock'd again till Sir Thomas Lineh was Governo
He fent to Cuba for a Supply of Cattle, which I
now grown very plentiful, becaufe every Man knj
his own proper Goods. Whereas before, when th
was no Property, each Man deftroyed as laft ai
could. The French (\ think) are greater Deftr
ers than the Engliflj.

Had it not been for the great care of the Spam
in (locking the VFefi-Tndies with Hogs and Bulk
the Privateers muft have llarved. But now the Mi
as well as the Ifland, is plentifully provided ; pj
cularly the Bay of Campeachy, the Iflands of Ci
PineSy Hifpaniola, Portarica, &c. Where, befi
wild Hogs, there are Abundance of Crawls or
farms ; in fome of which, I have heard, there]
no lefs than 1500. This was the main Subfiftencj
the Privatecia.

But to return again to Becf-IJland. . Our hi
Hunters have much leflen'd the numbers of the!
tie there. And thofe that are left, by conftantlli(|
ing now are grown fo wild and defperate, thJ

danger in Hunting, 99

[imgerous for a fingle Man to fire at them, or io^'*- ^^7^*
(ore through the Savannahs. For the old Bulls ^^'"V^^
have been formerly (hot, will make at him :
ley will all draw up in Battalia to defend them-
upon our Approach ; the old Bulls in the
ot; Dehind them the Cows, in the fame manner ;
Ibfhind them the youngXattle. And if we
to wheel about to gef in the Reer, the Bulls
certainly face about that way, and ftill prefent
front to us. Therefore we feldom ftrivc to fhoot
[out of a great Herd ; but walk about in the
s, clofe by the Savannah ; and there we light
lour Game. The Bead makes direcflly at the
Dter, if it be defperately wounded fas I have ex-
ncedmyfelf) but if but (lightly, they co»-
il)' run away. The old Hunters tell us, tliat a
is more dangerous of the two ; becaufe they
Ihe runs at her F.nemy with her Eyes open ; ,
ItiicBull fliuts his, fo that you may eafily avoid
But this I cannot affirm upon my own Know-
arid rather doubt the Truth of it i for I knew
[Ihrewdly gor*d by a Bull. He was a Confort
I Mr. Baker, in the Well Lagune ; where having
Ithemfelves with cutting of Logwood, they took
pfion to go in their Canoa to Beef-JJland, to re-
themfelves their a Fortnight or three Weeks ;
[ofe here were feveral forts of Fruits, and Plenty
abbage to eat with their frefli Beef, which they
not fail CO meet with. They came to a Place
I the Salt-Creek \ and there built them a Hut.
at four a Clock, while Mr. Baker lay down to
his Confort march'd out into the Saviinnah,
a Mile from their Huts ; and there coming
Shot of a Bull, wounded him defperate-
butyet the Bull had ftill fo much Screngtl: hik
Ipurfue and overtake his Adverfary, trampling
i 5 and goring his Thigfi, fo that he was not able

G g 2 to

'?_ii

loo An Escape from an Alligator.

An, 1676 to rife. The Bull by this Time was fpent, and;
down dead by him : And there the Man had 1
periflied, if Mr. Baker had not conie the next Mc
jng to feek him •, who finding him by the dead Be
took him on his Back, and lugg'd him home to tlj
Hut. The next Day he put him in his Canoa,
delivered him aboard a Ship, into the Hands i
Surgeon, who cured him in a little time.

I told you we left Capt. Chandler^ with a Del!
of going to Beef-IJland^ to fpend fomc time inHJ
ting at Pies Pondy before mentioned. But beforcl
came thither we went afhore to kill a Beef for sj
per *, where I was furprized with an odd Accid(
Pairing through a fmall Savannah, about two]
three Foot deep, we fmelt a ftrong Scent of anj
Ugator •, and prefently after I ftumbled over
and fell down immediately. I cry'd out for Hej
but my Conforts, inftead of aflifting me, ran a(
towards the Wood. I had no fooner got up to foil
them, but I ftumbled on him a fecond time ;
third time alfo ; e|cpe£ting ft ill when I fell dov
be devoured. Yet at laft I got out fafe ; bu|
frighted that I never cared for going through j
Water again as long as I was in the Bay.

CH-

CHAP. IV.

h River St. Peter Sf. Paul. The Mountain-
Co'ju and Hippopotamus. Tobafco IJland. Qua-
vers. Tobalco River. Manatee. Villa dc
Mofa. Eftapo. Halapo. Tacatalpo dc Sierra.
hall Bees. Indians. Tarttllos. Tofole. Cot-
ton Garments. Early Marriages. Towns.
Feftivals. Shape and Features,

H E River St. Peter St. Paul fprings from the

high Mountains of ChiapOy about 20 Leagues

the Country, which are fo called from a Ci-

not far diftant. Its firft Courfe is Eafterly for a

fiderable Length, till it meets with Mountains on

at Side : then it turns fhort about Northward, till

lid.in twelve Leagues of the Sea. And laftly, it

ivides its felf into two Branches. The Weftern

ranch falls into the River Tobafco •, the other keeps

Courfe till within four Leagues of the Sea ;

iw divides it felf again. The Eaftermofl: of thefe

ranches fcparates Beef- IJland from the Main; and

Is into Man-of-JVar-Lagune^ as is before related.

he other keeps its CourJe and Name till it falls in-

tiie Sea, between Beef- IJland and Tobafco- Ifland j

here it is no broader than the Thames at Gravef

There is a Bar at its Entrance, but of what

pth 1 know not ; over which fmall Veflels may

Is well enough by the Benefit of the Tide. It is

th deeper and broader after you are in •, for

ere it is fifteen or fixteen Foot Water, and very

ood Riding. By Report of the Privateers who

ivc been up this River, it is very broad before it

lOI

-An. l6^6,

pans

.^ 111. .

102

The Mountain Cow.

Jn. 167(5. parts •, and beyo»d that farther in the Country, ha,
^'^^^^^ divers large Indian Towns built on its Banks: thfl
chief of which is called Summafenta ; and many largj
Cacao ami Plan tain- walks : the Soil on each SidJ
being very fruitful. The unmanur'd Land is over]
grown with lofty Trees of many forts, efpeciaily tli^
Cotton or Cabbage ; of the latter there are Nvhol]
Gi ovt-s i and in fome Places (efpccially a little waj
from the River's fide) great Savannahs full of Ball
locks, Horfcs, and other Animals i amongft whicli
the Mountain Cow ('called by the Spaniards Ant\
is moll remarkable.

This Beafl is as big as a Bullock of two Yeais ojcjj
It is ihaped like a Cow in Body *, but her Head
much bigger. Her Nofe is fhort, and the Hea^
more compact and round. She has no Horns. He
Eyes are round, full, and of a prodigious Size. ShJ
has great Lips, but not fo thick as the Cows Lips,
Her Ears are in Proportion to the Head, rathcj
broader than thofeof the Common C.w. HerNecif
is thick and fliort. Her Legs alfo fhorter than orj
dinar y. She has a pretty long Tail •, thin of Hairsj
and no Bob at the end. She has coarfe thin Hair all
over her Body. Her Hide is near two Inches thick)
Her Flefh is red ; the Grain of it very fine. ThJ
Fat is white, and all together it is fweet wholfon
Meat. One of them will weigh 5 or 600 Weight.
This Creature is always found in the Woods neail
fome large River ; and feeds on a fort of long thin
Grafs, or Mofs, which grows plentifully on thd
Banks of Rivers •, but never feeds in Savannahs, oi
Failures of good Grafs, as all other Bullocks doj
When her Belly is full, Ihe lies down to fleep by cliJ
Brink of the River i and at the leaft Noife flips intd
the Water : where finking down to the Bottom, tliol
very deep, Ihe walks as on dry Ground. She canj
not run fall, therefore never rambles far from thd
River j for there Ihe ^ways cakes San<ftuary, incafj

Mountain Cow.

105

,. -.inger. There is no iliooting of her, but when An. 1676.

Jcisafleep,
They are found, befides this Place, in the Rivers

ii the Bay of Honduras i and on all the Main from

lijitncc as high as the River o^Darien. Several of my
onforcs have kill'd them there, and knew their
rack, which I my felf faw in the Ijlhmus of Darien -,
itfliould not have known it, but as I was told by
m. For I never did fee one, nor the Track of
y but once. The Impreflion in the Sand, feem-
1 much like the Track of a Cow, but I was

idl affured that none of our common Cows could
c in that Place, neither are there any near it by
jiy Miles.

My Conforts then gave me this Relation, and
I have had the fame from other Engli//j-men as
1! as Spaniards.

Having Ihew'd the foregoing Defcription to a Per-
of Honour, he was pleafcd to fend it to a
rned Friend in Holland-, from whom he received
is Anfwer.

jSlR,

HE Account I have of this Paper from the Eng-

lifh Minifler at Leyden is this, 'The Defcri^ti-
0/ your Sea- Cow, agrees with the Hippopotamus
W berefi exa^ly^ that I take them to be Creatures of
'.[me kind. Only this her^ at Leyden is bigger
m any Ox. For the Eyes, Ears and Hair, nothing
\k faid, feeing this Skin wants all thefe, 'The Teeth
I worth noticing, which are very large^ and firm,
^ fine as any Ivory.
[/ have fpoke with a very Intelligent Perfon, Kinf-

to the Burgomafler of Leyden, who having had
\[ Hippopotamus (as they call it) frefented to hifn,

a Prefent thereof to the Univerfity \ who having
wi that Skin very well, faith, It*s much bigger than

G g 4 you

• !.ii

i. 7

^■' it

.1 f I ,

■i

i I

'^^H Nl

- !
i

-; ^

ffl'^^'

' ii'

3§I^H

! 1:

§ If

■

104 7)i£ers from the Sea^Horfe.

'An, i6y6. you make yours, and cannot weigh lefs than one
/and Weight.

Let me add of mine own, that perhaps tbe^ ^
greater , about the Cape of Good Hope \ v:hth
that of Leyden came. And feeing there art i
Horns, perhaps it may as well be called a River-Hor
as a River-Cow : But for that, it mujl bear the „
nomination given it by the People of the Place ai*
they are •, which may be different in Africa and Ai
rica.

But what he fays of her finking to the Bottom i
deep Rivers, and walking there, if he adds, ijiiki]
think he fuppofes, that he rifes again, and comes
the Land -, I much queftion. For that ftich a h\
Body fhould raife it felf up again ( though I km
Whales and great Fijhes can and do ) travfcendi \
Faith of I. H.

I readily acknowledge, there is fome Refemblam
between this Mountain-Cow of America , and d
African Hippopotamus ; but yet am of Opinion t!
they muft needs be of a different Species ; for tl
Mountain-Cow is never known to fwim out to
nor to be found near it ; and is not above half fobi(
and has no long Teeth. But for further Satisfaftioi
I have here inferted two Accounts of the Afru
Hippopotamus, as they were fent j the one to
Honourable Perfon before-mentioned, from Capt;
Covent of Porhury, near Brijlol, a Gentleman
great Ability and Experience, as well as known
tegrity, who ufed to trade tb Angola : The othi
to my felf, from my worthy Friend Captain %«
as he has feen them in the River Natat, in the '
titude of thirty, on the Eaft-fide of the Cup
Good Hope.

The Sea-Horfe's Head, Ears and Noftrils areli;
our Horfes ; with a fhortTail andLegs. And hisF
ileps in the Sand like a Horfe's j but vhe Body '

Sed'HorJe. >05

^eas big. He grazes on the Shore, and dun^s An. 197^.

laHorfc. Is ofa dark-brown, but gh'tcering in ^"^ '

[Water. His Pace is but flow on the Shore ; in

•Water more fwift. He there feeds on fmall ^ifli

I what he can get i and will go down to the Bot-

in three Fathom Water. For I have watch*d

; and he hath ftaid above half an Hoar before he

ofc. He is very mifchievous to white Men. I have

Bown him open his Mouth and fet one Tooth on the

mt\ of a Boat, and another on the fecond Strake

I the Keel (which was more than four Foe*- diftant)

I there bit a Hole through the Plank, and funk

Boat i and after he had done, he went away

king his Ears. His Strength is incredibly great \

f I have feen him in the Walh of the Shore, when

: Sea has tofled in a D«/fi&-man*s Boat, with four-

rn Hogfheads of Water in her, upon the faid

and left it dry on his Back ; and another Sea

nc and fetch'd the Boat off, and the Beaft was not

t, as far as I could perceive. How his Teeth grow

his Mouth I could not fee ; only that they were

und like a Bow, and about fixteen Inches long }

in the biggeft part more than fix Inches about.

k made fevcral Shot at him ; but to no Purpofe,

brthey would glance from him as from a Wall. The

fitives call him a Kittimpungo^ and fay he is Fe-

Ih which is a kind of a God ; for nothing, they

[f, can kill him : And if they fhould do to him, as

: white Men do, he would foon deftroy their Ca-

as and Filhing-Nets. Their Cuftom is when he

limes near their Canoas, to throw him Fifli ; and

tn he paffeth away, and will not meddle with

eir Fifhing-Craft. He doth moft Mifchief when

!can ftand on the Ground ; .but when afloat, hath

jly Power to bite. As our Boat once lay near the

pore, I faw him go under her, and with his Back

her out of the Water ; and overfct her with fix

en aboard , but, as it happened, did them no harm.

Whilft

I iiifp ^

f *',

:i t,

i] ■

.ail'

106 The Sea-Hffrfe,

'jia, 1^76. Whilft wc lay in the Road we had three of the
* which did trouble this Bay every Full and Chan,
and two or three Days after 5 the Natives fay, tl
go together, two Males and one Female, \\
Noife IS much like the Bellowing of a large Calf.
This paft Remark was made of a Sca-Horfcl
Loango, m the Year 1695.

Captain R o g £ r'x Letter.

Sir,

THE Hippopotamus or Sea-Horfe, lives as
on the Land as in the Sea or in Rivers. It iu
fed much like an Ox, but bigger ; weighing 1 500 1
•1600 Pound. 77jis Creature is very full-bodied^ ai
'lovered with Hair of a Moufe-Colour •, thick, JH
and of a very heniitiful Slceknefs^ wt:en he firji to
cut of the IVatcr. The Head is flatti/h on the 7\
It has no Horns : hut large Lips, a wide Mouth, a\
firong Teeth \ four of which are longer than
refi^ (viz J two in the upper Jaw ; one on each f{
And two more in the under : Thefe lafl are four
five Inches long-, the other two are fJ^orter. Iti
large broad Ears -, great go^g^" Eyes ; and is
quick-ftghtrd. It has a thick Nee \, and ftroni hi
hit weak Footkcks. The Hoofs of his Feet are Om
in the Middle : Jnd it has two fnall Hoofs above \
Footlock, which bending to the Ground when itm
make an Impreffion on the Sand like four Claws
^ail is fhort and tapering like a Swines \ wM
any Bob at the end. This Beafi is commonly fat a
very good Meat. It graze th afhore in wet fwm
Ground near Rivers or Ponds ; hut retires to \
Water ^ if purfued. When they are in the Wni
they will fink down to the Bottom ; and there wdk
en dry Ground. They will run almoft asfijl as a MA
but if chafed hard, they will turn about aid look d
fierce, like a Boar -, and fi^ht if put to it . Thi^

Tobafco IJland. 107

^ if the Country have no IVan with thefe Crca- An, 1676-

j;but we had many Cotifli^s with them^ both on --^^-^^

/( and in the Rivers : and though we commonly

ttht better by killing fome^ and routing the reft ;

III the ff^ater we durft not mo left ihem^ after one

/; which had like to have proved fatal to 3 Men

L; went in a [mall Canoa to kill a Jingle Sea-Horfe^

\iKmr where was 8 or 10 Foot Water, The Uorfe^

irlini to his Cuftotn^ was marching in the bottom

I'lX River ; ami being fpied by thefe Men, (hey

Mfded him with a long Lance ; which fo enraged the

y, that he rofe up immediately^ and giving a fierce

' be opened his Jaws and bit a great piece of the

jal or upper edge of the Canoa, and was like to

f'jtt it, but prefintly funk down again to the bot-

1: ind the Men made away as faft as they could^

ifur hefhould come again.

The Weft branch of the River St. Peter St. Paul^

r it has run 8 or 9 Leagues N. W. lofeth it felf

'tkfco River about 4 Leagues from the Sea, and

makes the liland Tobafco, which is 12 Leagues

and 4 broad at the North-end : for from the
'cr St. Peter St. Paul, to the Mouth of Tobafco
er, is accounted 4 Leagues i and the Shore lies
•and Weft.

he firft League on the Eaft is Mangrove Land^
fome fandy Bay, where Turtle come alhore to
their Eggs.

he Weft-part of it is fandy Bay quite to the Ri*
Hafco, But becaufe here is coni^ntly a great
you have no good Landing till within the River,
N. W. part of it is full of Guaver Trees, of the
teft variety, and their Fruit the largeft and beft

I have met with j and 'tis really a very deJi-
is Place. There are alfo fome Coco-Plums and
'f«, but not many. The Savannahs here are na-
"y fenced with Groves of Guavcfs, and produce

good

i!-«

lOS

Tobafco River.

'Am. 1676 good Grafs for Pafture, And arc pretty well ftocl
'"^'■^ with fat Bullocks : and I do believe it is from th
eating the Guaver Fruit that thcfe Trees arc fo thi!
For this Fruit is full of fmall Seeds •, which bcingf^
lowed whole by the Cattle, are voided whole
them again ; and then taking root in their Dm
fpring up abundantly.

Here are alfo Deer in great numbers •, thcfe ,
conftantly find feeding in the Savannahs Mornii
and Evenings. And I remember an unlucky Accidi
whilft I was there. Two or three Men went out
Evening purpofely to hunt; when they were in
foots of Savnnahs, they fcparated to find \\
uamc, and at laft it fo happened, that one of th]
fired at a Deer and killed it, and while he was IW
fling it, he was Jhot (lark dead by one of his Cl
forts, who fired at him, miftaking him for 3 Da
The poor Man was very forry for fo fad a mifchanJ
and \ot fear of the dead Man's Friends, durft nc^
go back again- to Jamaica.

' ' The River of 'Tobafco is the moft noted in all
Bay cf Campeach'jy and fprings alfo from the h
Mountains of Ch'iapo \ but much more to the W
ward than that of St. Peter St. Paul. From the
it runs N. E. till within 4 Leagues of the Sea, whi
it receives the fore-mentioned Branch of St. Pi
St. Paul^ and then runs North till it falls into
Sea. Its Mouth is about two Miles wide, and thi
is a Bar of Sand lying ofi^ it, with not ?bove
or 1 2 foot Water *, but a Mile or two within
Mouth, at a nook or bending of the River on
Eaft-fide there is three Fathom, and good Ridi
without any danger from the ftrength of the C
rent. The Tide flows up about four Leagues ini
dry Seafon, but in the Rains not fo far 5 for t!
the Frelhes make the Ebb run very ftrong.

Pari

Manatee very fruitful, 109

During the Norths it overflows all the low Land-^*' '676.

.^ or 15 Leagues up tlie River, and you may -^'^'^^

1 take up frcfh Water without the Bar.

This River, near its Mouth, abounds with Cat-

h, with feme Snooks, and Manatee in great plenty ;

re beins good feeding for them in many of its

eks, efpecially in one place on the Starboard-fide

out 2 Leagues from the Sea, which runs into the

nd 2 or 300 paces, and then opens very wide, and

^folhoal that you may fee their backs above V/atcr as

ley feed \ a thing fo rare, that I have heard our Muf-

iti-Men fay, they never faw it any where elfe ; on

ilcaft noifc they will all fcamper out into the River:

the Musketo-men feldom mifs of ftriking them.

here are a fort of Frefh-water Manatee^ not al-

gcther fo big as the Sea-kind, but othcrwife ex-

ily alike in fhape and tafle, and I think rather

iticr. The Land by the Rivers, efpecially on the

irboird fide, is fwampy, and overgrown with Trees.

Here are alfo abundance of Trees, (the largefl:

Jiat 1 ever faw, till I came to the Gallapagoes Iflands

itheS. Seas)i;i2. Mangroves^ Macaws^ and other

brts that I know not. In fome places near the

ber-fide, further up the Country, are Ridges

' dry Land, full of lofty Cabbage and Cotton Trees,

Wiich make a very pleafan: Landskip. There is no

'ctdement within 8 Leagues of the River's Mouth,

nd then you come to a fmall Bread- work, where

here is commonly a Spaniard with 8 or 9 Indians

ofted on each fide the River, to watch for Boats .

oming that way: And becaufe there are divers

Creeks running in from the Savannahs, fome of thefe

tentinels arefo placed in the Woods, that they may

3k into the Savannahs, for fear of being furprized

^n the back fide: Yet for all their caution, thefe

Centinels were fnap'd by Captain Nevil^ Commander

bf a fmall BrigantinCy in a fecond Expedition that

lie made to take the Town called Villa de Mofa, His

firft

1 '■
If,

Villa dc Mofa. ^

jin. 1676. firft attempt mifcarried by his being difcovercd. B
^^^^^^^"^ the fecond time he got into a Creek, a League li
low thefe Centinels, and there dragging his Canoi
over fome Trees that were laid crofs it, purpofely l
hinder his Pafiage, he came in the Night upon thel
Backs in their fcvcral Pofts ; fo that the Town, hi
ving notice of his coming by their firing as the
fhoiild have done, was taken without any refiftanceJ
Villa de Mofa is a fmall Town ftanding on tl
Starboard fide of the River, 4 Leagues beyond t
Breaft-work. *Tis inhabited chiefly by Indians ^ witi
fome Spaniards : There is a Church in the middl
and a Fort at the Weft-end, which commands tl
River. Thus far Ships come to bring Goods, efpc]
daily European Commodities; viz. Broad-clotf
Serges, Perpetuana*s, Kerfies, Thread-Stocking:
Hats, Ofnabrugs white and blew, Kentins, Platilloes!
Britannia's, Hollandillocs, Iron-work, ^c. They ari
rive here in November or December, and ftay till Jum
or July, felling their Commodities, and then loa
chiefly with Cacao, and fome Syhejier. All thi
Merchants and petty Traders of the Country Town
come hither about Chrifima> to Traffick, whic
makes this Town the chiefeft in all thefe parts, dinv
peachy excepted *, y jt there are but few Rich Mei
that live here. Sometimes Ships that come hithei
load Hides and Tallow, if they cannot fraighc wici
Cacao. But the chiefeft place for Hides is a Towi
lying on a Branch of this River, that comes ouc
League below the Breaft-work, where Spanifi Bark
ufually lade once a Year ; but I can give no furthe
account of it. Four Leagues beyond Villa dc "'
further up the River lies Eftapo, inhabited part!
with Spaniards, but moft Indians, as generally thi
Towns in this Country are : It's faid to be prett
rich i ftands clofe by the River, on the South-fide,'
and* is fo built between two Creeks, that there i^
but one Avenue leading to it i and fo well guardei

with!

Captain Hcwct'j Attempt, iii

laBreaft-work, that Captain Hewet a Privateer, ^». 1676,
ihad under him near 200 Men, was there re-'-'^'V^^

j, lofing many of them, and himfelf wounded
fee Leg. In his way thither he took ViHa de Mofa^
Heft a Party there to fecure his Retreat. If he
I taken Eflapo, he defigned to pafs on to HalpOy
Town, three Leagues farther up the River,
[from thence to vifit ^acatalpo^ Jyi"g 3 or 4
agues beyond, which is accounted the wealthieft
(the three : the Spaniards call it l^acatalpo de Si-
y. whether to diftinguilh it from another Towa
ftiiat Name, or to denote its nearnefs to the Moun-

I know not. 'Tis the beft Town on this River,

riog three Churches, and feveral rich Merchants ;

1 between it and Villa dc Moja are many large

m Walks on each fide the River.

Ilhive feen a fort of white Cacao brought from

re, which I never met with any wiiere elfe. It

lot the fame bignefs and colour on the outfide, and

I fuch a thin husky Coat as the other ; but the

(lerSubftance is white, like fine Flower ; and when

Eoutward Coat is broken, it crumbles as a lump

[Flower doth. Thofe that frequent the Bay call it

w, and affirm that it is much ufed by the Spa-

iTiijof thofe Parts, to make their Chocolate froth,

) therefore fet a great value on it. But 1 never

; met with any in England that knew it, except the

ght Honourable the Earl of Carbery, v/ho was

afed to tell me he had feen of it.

|The Land on the South-fide of the River is low

annahs or Pafture : The fide where the Town of

( ie Mofa Hands, is a fort of gray fandy Earth ;

Ithe whole Country, the Up-landl mean, feems

be much the fame : But the Low-land is of a black

ppMold, and in fome places very llroiig Clay ;

there is not a Stone to be found in all the Coun-

The healthy dry Land is very woody, except
«re inhabited or planted. It is pretty thick fctzkd

with

V ^^

1!J*

112

Small Bees,

'jlm. 1676. with hdian Towns, who have all a Padre or ^
*i^W) among them, and a Cacique or Governour to k(
the Peace, The Cacao 'Tree thrives here very wel
but the Nuts are fmaller than the Caraccus Nu]
yet Oyly and Fat whilft new. They are not pli
cd near the Sea, as they are on the Coafl of Caracc
but at leaft 8 or 10 Miles up in the Country.
Cacao-walks belong chiefly to the Spaniards ;
are only planted and drefs'd by Indians, hired
that purpofe i yet the Indians have of their ov
Plantain-walks, Plantations of Maiz, and fo]
fmall Cacao-walks ; about which they fpend
chiefeft of their time. Some employ themfdi
to fearch in the Woods for Bees that build in h|
low Trees 5 and get a good livelihood by the Hor
and Wax. Thcfe are of two forts: Oneprei
large; the other no bigger, but longer, than am
dinary black Fly : in other refpefts, juft like
common Bees *, only of a darker Colour. TL
Stints are not ftrong enough to enter a Man's Skii
but if difturbed, they will fly at one as furiouflyl
the great Bees ; and will tickle, but cannot M
you. Their Honey is white and clear •, and thi
make a great deal of it. The Indians keep of ihj
tame, and cut hollow Trunks for them to ma'
their Combs in. They place one end of the
(which is faw'd very even) on a Board, leaving
hole for the Bees to creep in at : and the upper
is covered with a Board, put clofe over it.
young and lufty Indians (fuch as want Empk
ment) hire themfelves to the Spaniards. They Wo
cheap, and are commonly paid in fuch Goods |
the Spaniards do not value. And I have been to
that they are obliged to work for their Maftc<
one Day in a WetK, gratis: But whether
Priviledge belongs only to the Padres, or toi
Laity alfo, I know not. The Indians inhabiii
thefe Villages, live like Gentlemen in Companll

Indian ^r'mL

thofe that are near any great Town, fuch as-^»-J<^6.

ifiiich'j or Merida : for there even the poorer and ^"^V^,

ally Sore of People, that are not i^ble to hire

of thefe poor Creatures, will by violence drag
;ni to do their drudgery for nothing, after they
i7e work'd all Day for their Mafters : , nay, they
;cn take them out of the Market from their Buli-
is; or at leaft enjoyn them to come to their Houfes
len their Market is ended : and they dare not re-

todoit.. ■

This Cduntry is very fruitful i yielding' plentiful
ops of , Maiz, which is their chiefell Subfifl-
:c. After it is boikd they bruife it on, fuch a
bbing-Stone as Chocolate is ground on. Some of
[hey make into fmall thiji -Cakes, called Tar/il-
I. The reft is put into, a Jar till it grows fowr ;

when they are thirfty, mix a handful pf it in a
Jilabafh of W^ter, which gives it a Iharp pleafanc
ifte, then draining it through a largp , Callabafh
ick'd full .of fmall Holes to keep out the Husks,
:j drink it. off. If they treat a Friend with this
ink, they mix a little Honey with it •, for their
lility reaches .no, higher. I; And this is as acceptable
them as a Glafs of Wine to us. If they travel
two or three Days from h9me, they carry fome
this ground Maiz in a Jplfintain Leaf, and Cal-
at their Girdles to ,miike their Drink, and
e no firther care for yiduals, till they come
again. This is 'called Pofck : And by the
\§(h PoorfouL l\ is fo muchefteemed by the In-

h that they are never wllhoyt fome of it in their

bk ■ , J ;,; •'. ;■ -z;;^ ; ' ,.

Unocher Way of preparing their Drink, is to
p the Maiz, and tlien grind it to Powder
the Rubbing- fl one, put.ting a little Anatta to.
which grows in their' Plantations, and is ufed
them for no other purpoie. They mix it all
OL. II. H h ^" 'wTtK

[

■ !

,■" I

JPM

i' ;t.hi ■;.

I'^Hiirlll

f!.

*i4 Indian Garments^ Marriages]

'An, 1 676. with Water, and prcfently drink it off withe

WOr^ ftraining.

In long Journeys they prefer this drink before pj
fole.

They feed abundance of Turkies, Ducks ar

Dunghill Fowls, of which the Padre has an exa

, Account ; and is very ftrift in gathering his TithJ

and they dare not kill any except they have his Lcaj

for it.

They plant Cotton alfo for their Cloathing.
Men wear only a fliort Jacket and Breeches. Th^
with a Palmeto-Leaf Hat is their Sundays Drefs ; I
they have neither Stockings nor Shoes •, neither
they wear thefe Jackets on Week Days. The
men have a Cotton-Petticoat, and a large Fro
down to their Knees ; the Sleeves to their Wrifts, 1
not gathered. The Bofom is open to the Brea
and Imbroidered with black or red Silk, orGrogri
Yarn, two Inches broad on each fide the Breaft, ;
clear round the Neck. In this Garb, with their]
tyM up in a Knot behind, they think thenpjfclvesi
treme fine.

The Men are obliged by the Padres ( as 1 h^
teen informed ) to marry when they are Fourtj
Years old, and the Women when Twelve : An(
at that Age they arc not provided, the Pricfti
chufe a Virgin for the Man (or a Man for the^
gin ) of equal Birth and Fortune i and join them|
gether.

The Spaniards give fcvcral Reafons for this I
pofition, *viz. That it preferves them from '

bauchery, and makes them Induftrious.

it brings them to pay Taxes both to the King
Church i for as foon as they are married they

to both. And that it keeps them fromrj

blinc out of their own Parifii, and fettling!
another, which would by fo much lellen the P4

Churches and Houfes. ti$

ofit. They love each other very well -, and live ''^»^"^.
jfortably by the Sweat of their Brows : Thcy^'^^^^^^
loildgood large Houfes, and inhabit altogether in
fowns. The fide Walls are Mud or Watling,
bifter'd on the Infide, and thatch'd with Palm or
ilmcto Leaves.

The Churches are large, built'much higher than
[Cemmon Houfes, and covered with Pantile j and
liin adorned with coarfe Pictures and Images of
|untsi which are all painted tawny like the Imliani
nfelvcs. Befides thcfe Ornaments, there are kept
|thc Churches Pipes, Hautboys, Drums, Vizars
IPerruques for their Recreation at folemn Times ;
fthcy have little or no Sport or Paftime but in
nmon, and that only upon Saints Days, and the
lights cnfuing.

IThe Padres that ferve here, muft learn the ImVian
nguage before they can have a Benefice. As for

Tithes and other Incomes^ Mr. Gage^ (an
jilimn ) hath given a large Account of them in
\kri'e^ of the IVeJl-lndies, But however, this ^
ladd of my own Knowledge, that they are very
|[iful to their Priells, obferving pundlually their
ders, and behave themfclves very circumfpedly
I reverently in their Prefence.
[hey are generally well-fliaped, of a middle Size *,
jht and clean Limbed. The Men more fpare.
Women plump and fat, their Faces are round
[flat, their Foreheads low, their Eyes little, their
« of a middle Size, fomewhat flattifli •, full

•, pretty full but little Mouths ; white Teeth,
[their Colour of a dark tawny, like other /;/-

They fleep in Hammocks made with fmall

like a Net, fliftned at each End to a Poft.
[ir Furniture is but mean, viz. Earthen Pots to
their Maiz in, and abundance of Callabaflies.

arc a very harmlefs Sort of People i kind to

H h 2 any

" Jl ;

;« i

:\l^-l

;li:

Il6

Spznhtds Tyranny over f^^ Indians.

^K. 1676. any Strangers *, and even to the Spaniards, by who!

V•V^Jthey are To much kept under, that they are wor]
than Slaves : nay, the very Negroes will dominj
over themi and are countenanced to do fo by t]
Spaniards. This makes them very melancholly ar
thoughtful : however they are very quiet, and fee,
contented with their Condition, if they can tolerabl
fubfift : But fometimes when they are impofed (
beyond their Ability, they will march off whc.
Towns, Men, Women and Children together, as]
before related.

■''»' »,(•

CHA

117

si0a^!»»iiii&0^^^^a^ii»^iiiai^^«i

. CHAP. VI.

River of Checapcqiic. The River of Dos
liocas. The Towns up the Country, Halpo.
fkr Trade. Old HatSy a good Commodity,
A fd Accident in Hunting. Tondclo River,
}ldsketoes troublefom on this Coafl. Guafick-
walp River, Teguantapeque River. Few
Ud Mines on all this part of the Seacoaft,
Teguantapeque Town, Keyhooca and its
UmTrade, Vinci los. Alvarado River y
tad its Branches, Its Forts, Town and Trade,
id'fepper. La Vera Cruz. The Fort of St,
John d' Ulloa. The Barra la Venra Fleet ; and
kit Navigation about the Wcft-lndia Coafl,
UeTown of Tipfo. Paunuk River and Town.
Lqune and Town ^/'Tompeque. Huniago
Ifrnd. Its Trade in Shrimps, The Author's
tdurn to Logwood-cutting at Ti ift. Captain
Gibbs killed there by fome Indians he
kou^ht from New-England. The Author s
\\ung out to Jamaica and return for Eng
land.

[Aving given the Reader an Account of the^«. 1676.
Miam inhabiting about the River of ^ohafco j W^
icotne next to defcribe the Weftern-Coafb of
Bay, with its Rivers and other moll re-
irkable Particulars. From Tohafeo River to the

H h 3 River

I k

Iflll

k I

ii8 Chccapcquc Riveri

An. 1676. River Cbgcapeque is fcven Leagues. The Coaft ij
^^^)r*^ Eaft and Weft ; all woody low Ground, fandy Bal
and good Anchoring j but there falls in a pret
high Sea on the Ihore, therefore but bad landinc
yet Ciinoas may with care run in, if the Men ai
ready to leap out, as foon as fhe touches tl
Ground •, and then flie muft immediately be draggi
up out of the Surf. And the fame caution and dcj
terity is to be ufed when they go off again. The]
is no frefli "Water between 7'obafco River and cJ
capeque. This latter is rather a fait Creek thl
a River -, for the Mouth of it is not above 2oPacl
wide, and ai^out 8 or 9 Foot Water on the Bar
but within there is 12 or ij Foot at low Watc
and good riding for Barks, half a Mile within til
Mouth.

This Creek runs in E. S. E. about two Miles, ai|
then ftrikes away South up into the Country. Ati
Mouth between it and the Sea is a bare fandy Poi|
of Land : Where on the fide next the River, dc
by the Brink of it (and no where elfe) you m\
fcrape up the Sand ("which is coarfe and brov
with your Hands, and get frefli Water -, but if y^
dig lower the Water will be Hilt. Half a Mile with
the Mour.h, when you are paft the fandy Point, t|
Land is wet and fwampy, bearing only Mangrov
on each fide for four or five Leagues up ; and afd
that firm Land j where you will find a run of fre
Water, it being all Salt till you come hither.
League beyond that is a Beef Eftantion or Farm |
Cattle, belonging to an /W/<i« Village. In theWc
on each fide this River there are plenty of Guano
Land Turtle, and abundance of Quams and Correfd
with fome Parrots ; and there is no Settlement neaif
than the Beef Eftantion : nor any Thing elfe remarj
able in this River that I know.

A League Weft from Cbecapeque there is anotll
iipall River called Doi Boaas, 'tis only fit for "

Indian Carriers,

lip

ito enter : It has a Bar at its Mouth, and there- ^^sjSlj*

, is fomewhat dangerous. Yet the Privateers ^^VNJ
light of It i for they will govern a Canoa very

sioufly. However Captain Rives and Captain

f^/, two Privateers, loft fcveral Men here in

ling out \ for there had been a North, which had

i the Bar, and in going out moft of their Ca-

iwcrc overfet, and fome Men drowned,
[this River will not float a Canoa above a League
its Mouth, and fo far is Salt : but there you
ittwith a fine clear Stream of frcfli Water, about
Ikaguc up in the Country : and beyond this are
iSavannahs of long Grafs, fenced in with Ridges
[is rich Land as any in the World. The Mold

as is formerly defcribed, all plain and level,

Ito the Hills of Chiapo.
Ilhcre are no Indian Towns within four or five

gucs of the Sea •, but further off they are pretty
ii lying within a League, two or three one af-
ranother : Halpo is the cniefeft,
iThe Indians make ufe of no more Land than
ves to maintain their Families in Maiz ; and to

[their Taxes ; And therefore between the Towns
lies uncultivated.

I all this Country they rear abundance of Poul-
J, m. Turkyes, Ducks and Dunghil Fowls : but
of them have Cacao- Walks. The Cacao of
[fc Parts is moft of it fcnt to Villa de Mofe^ and
p'd off there. Some of it is fold to Carriers that
|vd with Mules, coming hither commonly in No-

y or Dt'cemhffr^ and ftaying till February or
\nh. They lye a Fortnight at a time in a Village
Idifpofe of cheir Goods ; which are commonly
pets, Macheats, Axes, Hoes, Knives, Cizars,

iles, Thread, Silk for fowing, Women's Frocks ♦,
Looking-glafles, Beads , .Silver or Copper-
figs walh*d with Gold, fet with Glafs inftead of

ncs, fmall Piiflures of Saints, and fuch like Toys

H h .1 for

\r I

5»

A \

-fHii

120

St. Anns. Tondclo.'

'f**^^\ for the Indians. And for the Spaniards^ Linnen ai
Woollen Cloaths, Silk-Stockings, and old Hats n]
drcfsM, which are here very valuable, and worn
thofe of the bed Quality \ To that an oJd Englilh'^^
ver thus ordered, would be worth ?.o Dollars-,
much is Trade wanted here in this Country. \vJ
he has fold of}' his Goods, he is generally paid ini
cao, which he carries to La Vera Cruz.

From D'S Boccas to the Rivers Pahnas is fo
Leagues low Land and findy Bay between.

From Pahnas to the IJabver is two Leagues.

I'he llalovcr is a fmall Neck of Land, partid
the Sea from a large Lagune. It is fo called by
Privateers, hccaufe they ufe to drag their Canoas|
and out there.

From the Halover to St. Anns is fix Leagues.

St. j^nns is a Mouth that opens the Lagune bcfoij
mcntion'd : there is not above fix or feven Foot\^
ter, yet Barks often go in there to Careen.

From St. /iuns to Toudelo is five Leagues. T|
Coaft ftill Weft-, th' Land low, and fandyBayi
gainft the Sea : a little within which are pretty hij
Sand-Banks, cloathed with prickly- Bufhes, luchi
I h;.ve already defcribed at Beef-IJland.

A gainft the Sea near the Weft- end, within tl
Sand-Rank, the Land is lower again ; theWoodsnj
'.cry high, and fomefpotsof Savannahs, with pie
ry of fit Bullocks ; In hunting of which a Fwii
man unhappily loft his Life. For his Company beid
ftragled from him to find Game, he unluckily:
a Drove of Cattle flying from them in the Wood
which were fo thick that there was no pafling bat I
thefe very narrow Paths that the Cattle thcmfeH
-had made •, fo that not being able to get outoftli
way, the foremoft of the Drove, thruft his Hon
into his Back and carried him lOO Paces into thef
vannah, where he fell down with his Guts trailing <

the Ground.

Guafickwalp. 121

\l\[t River Zondek is but narrow, yet capable to ^.1676.
nivc Barks of 50 or 60 Tuns ; There is a Bar at V^VN*
(Entrance, and the Channel crooked. On the
(fflUide of the Bar there is a fpit of Sand fhoots
t; therefore to avoid it at your coming in, you
keep the Eaft-fide aboard ; but when once tn-
ffd, you may run up for two or three Leagues ;
(the Eaft-fide a quarter of a Mile within the Mouth,
(umay lyefecure : but all this Coall, and cfpeci-
tlvthis River, intolerably fwarms with Alusketocs^
bt there is no flceping for them.
About four or five Leagues from the Mouth this "
m is fordable, and there the Road crofles it *,
k'itVfio French Canoas that lay in this River inter-
ptedthe Caravan of Mules laden with Cacao, that
i returning to La Vera Cruz, taking away as much
ithey could carry with them.
I From '■rondeloW.xvtr, to the River of Guafichwalp^
eight Leagues more, the Coaft ftill Well •, all a-
Mig fandy Bay and flind Hills, as between St.
imnx[^ I'ondelo \ only towards the WelV-p.irt the
Bnk is lower, and the Trees higher. This is one of •

lit principal Rivers of this Coait ; *tis not half the
mk\ioi t\\t 'I obafco River, but deeper. Its Bar is
yangerous than any on this Coaft, having 14 foot
W on it, and but little Sea. Within the Bar
ere is much more, and foft Oafie Ground. The
inks on both fides are low. The Eaft-fide is woody,
W the Weft- fide Savannah. Here are fome Cat-
:; but fince it has been frequented by Privateers,
Y laniards have driven moft of their Bullocks'
om hence farther into the Country. Tiiis River
ath its rife near the South-Sea, and is navigable
Igreatway into Land ; efpecially with Boats or
kail Barks.

\'^hK\wtr Teguantepeqite, that falls into theSouth-
"S, has its Origine near the Head of Guafickwaip ;
\^\i is reported that the firft Naval Stores for the

MamU

!'f

»i;.ii I

»;;.'■ '■

*1 i

¥.

122

Keyhooca.

'An. I

(^l6. Manila Ships were fcnt through the Country fron
'^^^ the North to the South-Se.is, by the convcniency
thefe two Rivers, whofc Heads are not above ten
twelve Leagues afundcr, I heard this difcourfcd
the Privateers long before I vifited the South-Sea!]
and they feemed fumetimes minded to try their Foi
tunes this way : fuppofing ^as many do ftill; that t
South-Sea fliorc is nothing but Gold and Silver. B
how grofly they are miftaken, I have fatisficd i
World already. And for this part of the Countr
though it is nch in Land, yet it has not the Icall A
pearance of any Mine, neither is it thick inhabits
with Spaniards : And if I am not deceived, the ver
Indians in the Heart of the Country are fcarcc the
Friends.

The Town of note on the South-Sea, is ^eguanu
peque j and on the North-Seas Keyhooca is the chicfc
near this River. Beftdes thefe two, the Country
only inhabited by Indians ; therefore it is wholly un*
frequented by Shipping.

Keyhooca is a lar^e rich Town of good Trad
about four Leagues from the River Guaftckwalp, oi
the Weft-fide. It is inhabited with fome few 5/,i
7tiards and abundance of Mulatoes. Thefe kee
many Mules, they being moil Carriers, and tK^
quently vifit the Cacao Coaft ^or Nute \ and trav
the Country between PVla de Mofe and La Vcn
Cruz.

This Country is pleafant enough in the dry Sealon
but when the furious North Winds rage on thi
Coaft, and violently drive in the Sea, it fu fieri c
tremely, being fo much overflown, that there i|
no travelling. It was in the wet Seafon when Ca
tain Rives and Captain Hewet made an Expeditioi
in Canoas from the Ifland Trijt to the River Gim^^
walp, and there landed their Men, defigning to ii
tack Keyhooca ; but the Country was fo wet that thi-n
was no marching j neither was the Water hi;'

cno'jgJ

Alvarado River, ii$

cgh for a Canoa. Here arc great plenty of ^- ^^lJ^^

[from the River Guafickwalp the Land runs Weft

lor three Leagues, all low Land with Tandy Bay
[the Sea, and very woody in the Country. About
Leagues to the Weft of it the Lana trends a-
Lrto the North for about 1 6 Leagues *, rifing hi^h-
[llfo even from the very Shore, as you go up with-
JLand, making a very high Promontory called Sr.

nini Land j but ending in a pretty bluff point •,

(h is the Weft Bounds of the Bay of Campeacby.
|From this bluff Point to Alvarado is about twenty

igucs i the firft four of it a high rocky ftiore,
fteep Cliffs to the Sea ; and the Land fome-

flt woody. Afterwards you pafs by very high
^Hills by the Sea, and an extraordinary great

ifjlls in on the fhore, which hinders any Boats
torn Landing. Within the Sand-hills again the
r.d is lower, pretty plain and fruitful enough in
be Trees.

I The River of Alvarado is above a Mile over at
[Mouth, yet ihe entrance is but (hole, there be-

Sands for near two Mile off the Shore, clear
m fide to fide, ncverthelefs there are two Chan-
kk through thefe Sands. The beft, which is in the
pie, has twelve or fourteenFootWater. The Land
itach fide of the Mouth is high Sand-hanks ^ above
bo Foot high.
|This River comes out of the Country in three

nches, meeting altogether juft within the Mouth,
wre it is very wide and deep. One of thefe
inches comes from the Eaftward ; another from
tWeftward •, and the third, which is the true Ri-
rofAar^^oand the biggeft, comes direftly out
[the Country, oppofite to the Sand-hills, about a
file Weft of the River's Mouth. This laft Springs
great way from the Sea, paffmg through a very
^tilc Country, thick fetlcd with Towns of Spa-

iiiardi

V 4ii

1 24 r Al varado JRiJi'ver and ,/Coafi,

f^J^'mar4s>3Lnd Indians, On the Weft-fide, and juft.agai„
*^»^ the Mouth of the River, the Spaniards hzvQ aTma
Fort of fix Gjuns, ;on the declivity of the Sand-harL
a great Jieighth^ above the River •, which command
a (mall Span'm Town on the back of it, built in
Plain clofe by the River. |p is a great Fiiher
chiefly for Snooks, which they catch in the Lake
and when they, are falted and dryed, drive agrcl
Trade in Exchanging them for Salt and other Con
modi ties. Be fides fait Fifn, they export from hen^
abundance of dry Cod-Pepper, and feme pickle
and put in Jars. This Pepper is known by tL
Name of Guinea-Pepper. Yet for all this Tradj
*tis but a poor Place, and has been often takj
by the Privateers, chiefly to fecure their Ships whil
they fhould go up in their Canoas to the rich Town
within Land, which notwithftanding they nevd
yet attempted, by reafon that La Vera Cruz bo]
dering fo near, they were ftill afraid of being a]
tacked both by Sea and Land from thence, and 1
never durft profccute their Defigns on the Countf
Towns.

Six Leagues Weft from Alvarado there is anoihJ
large Opening out into the Sea *, and it is reporte
to have a Communication by a fmall Creek wit|
this River of Alvarado ; and that Canoas may pa
through it from one River to the other. And at th|
Opening is a fmall Fiftiing Village. The Land
the Sea is a continued high Sand-bank, and fo viq
lent a Sea, that it is impofllble to land with Bo^
or Canoa.

From this River to La Vera Cruz is fix Leaguj
more, the. Coaft ftill Weft. There is a Riff of Roc!(
runs along the fliore from Alvarado to Vera Crui
yet a good Channel for fmall Veflels to pafs
tween it and the Shore. And about two Leagues!
the Eaft of Vera Cruz are two Iflands called
crijice IJlands, I have fet down the diftancc betwee

• ' La Vera Crtrz. ' i is

m^o^nd La FeraCmz, according to the com-'^**^^^!^'
I Account of twelve Leagues, which I take to '
ttruer, but our Draughts make it 24. The Land
(the Sea is much the fame. ' • / • " '

\U Vera Cruz is a fair Town feated in the vciV
torn of the Bay of Mexico^ at the S. W. Point
[Corner of the Bay; for fo 'far the Land runs
and there it tiirhs about to the North. There
la good Harbour before it, made by a fmall Ifland,
(Rock rather,, juft' in its Mouth i which make^
Ivery ccf^mmodious. H^re the Spmiards have
It a flrong Fort, which commands* the Harbour;
I there are great Irdn'Rings 5)c'd in the Fort- Wall
linft the Harbour foi' Ships 10, h\itx\ their ta-
For the North Winds bIo\v fb violently here
their Seafons, that Ships are hot' fafc at An-

ors.

till'.

I This Fort is called Si. John ^ Ulka ; and \htSl>A'
\rii do frciquently call theToWn df P^era CruziA
BName. ■ _ ' ' '" \ "

The Town is a Place of great Trade ; = being thfe
'rPort to the City of Mexico. ■ ibd- moft of the
at Towns and Cities in this Kipgdom. So that
1 the European Commodities, fpenciri thefe Parts,

Ire landed here, and. their Goods brought hither

I exported frOm hfehce. Add tb^this, that aJl

Treafure brought ^rom Manila,' in the Eajf-

«« comes hither through the Country fro tri- W^--

\liika, ' '_'(■■' ''\y; ■■ l^y^-'-v^'-' ■■ ^'' ■■■'

' The Flo'ta comes hither every three' Years fr6m
p Spain ', and befides Goods of the Produft of
le Country, and what is brought from the &//-

H(s and fliip*d aboard therh ': The King'-s Plate
h is gathered ih this Kingdorn, togeth-^r wfch'
)h belongs to the Merchants, amounts to a
ift Sum?}i. Here aJfo comes eyety Year the Barra^
ymiaFket mOtloh'cp7it\&Nove.Mb6f,'^nd ila'ys tili

ink This is a fmall Squadron^ confifting of .fix

i'<

ii6 BarraUvcnta FUct.

An. 1676. or feven fail of ftout Ships, from 20 to 50 Gi
^«» Thefe are ordered to vint all the Spamdi Sea-F
Towns once every Year j chiefly to hinder Foreign
from Trading ; and to fupprefs Privateers. From l
Port they go to the Havana on the North-fidel

Cuba to fell their Commodities^ -From hen

they pafs through the Gulph of Florida ; ftandi

fo far to the North as to be out of the Tra

Winds, which are commonly between god. and A

of Lat. and being in a variable Winds way iW

ftretch away to the Eaftward till they may fed

Portarica^ if they have Bufincfs there -, if not, thl

keep ftill to the Eaftward till they come to TmiiA

an Ifland near the Main, inhabited by the Spank\

and the moft Eaftern-part of any Confequence in i

Norih-Sea.\ The Barralaventa Fleet touches there fir

and from thence fails to the Marganta, a confideral|

SpaniJh-IJland near the Main. From thence th

Coaft down to Comana and La Guiary, and paflij

by the Coaft of Carraccus^ they fail towards

Gulph of Mericaia^ from thence they double Cl

La Vell^ and fo down to Rio la Hacka, St. Marti

and Caftbagena, If they meet with any Engli{h[

Dutch Trading Sloops, they chace ai.d take themJ

they are not too nimble for them : The Private(

keep out of their way, having always Intelligenj

where they are.

From Cartbagena they fail to Pcrtohello ; and fro
thence to Campeachy : and laftly, to La Vera Cni
And this is their Annual Navagation about the/fj
Indian Coaft.

La Vera Cruz was taken by the Privateers, abo
the Year 85. under the Conauft of one John Rui
an old Logwood-Cutter that had formerly beentakj
by the Spaniards and fent to Mexico ; where learnia
Spanijby he by that means efcaped to La Vera Cn^
and being releafed from thence, he afterwards
naged this Expedition.

Frol

Tirpo, Panuk. 127

From Hence to Old Vera Cruz Is five Leagues. •*^*5^'
liis was the firft Town of that Name *, but wanting
[mod Harbour there, it was removed to the Place
here it now ftands.

from Old Vera Cruz to Tifpo is about fifteeft
agues i the Coaft lies N. and S. ^ifpo is a pretty

dfome fmall Town, built clofe by the Sea, and
Btcrcd with a little Rivulet ; but wanting a Har-
Bur, 'tis deftitute of any Maritime-Trade.
From Ttfpo to the River Panuk is about twenty
agues: The Coaft lies N. and S. neareft, it is a
ifge River^ defcending out of the very Bowels of
: Country, and running Eaft, falls into the Gulph
\Uisi(o, in Lat. about 21 — 50 Minutes. It has

or eleven Foot Water on the Bar, and h often vi-
led with Barks that fail up it, as rar as the City P^-
(i, lying diftant from the Sea about twenty Leagues,
' is the principal of this Country, being a Bi-
op's See. There are two Churches, one Convent,
Bda Chapel j and about five Hundred Families of
\\mrds^ Mulatoes and Indians. The Houfcs are
irge and ftrong j with Stone Walls ; and they are
atched with Palmeto Leaves^

One Branch of this River comes but of the Lagune

itompexfue^ and mixes with this, thi'ee Leagues

fore it falls into the Sea. Therefore it is fome-

imtscalled the River of Tompeque, The Lagune of

'mpeque lies on the South Side of the River ; and

eeds abundance of Filh, efpecially Shrimps. There

a Town of the fame Name, built on its Banks,

lofe Inhabitants are moft Fifliermen. Beyond this

gune there is another large one, wherein is an

land and Town named Haniago •, its Inhabirnnts

ft Fifliermen, whofe chief Employment is to take

rimps. Thefe they boil with Water and Salt, in

fat Coppers, for the purpofe ; and having dried

inufterwards in the Sun, they are made up in

Packs

r^ii 'i/i '

1 w

'ti

; I. i

t 1 ■,

i28 Alvarado To'jjn,

'An. 1676. Packs, and fen t to all the chief To^^ns in the Co
WVtry, efpeciajlly to Mexico^ where, tho* butahun
^ ; Sort of Food, they are mightily efteemed.

The Account I have given of the Campeachj .
yers, ^f. was the Rcfult of the particular Obi
nations I made in criiifing about that Coaft, inwhi
I fpent eleven or twelve Months. For when the vl
hnt Stor?n before-mentioned took us, I was but jJ
fettling to Work, and not having a Stock of Wi
to purchafe fuch Provifion as. was fen t from Jamil
as the old Standards had; I, with many more
my Circumftances, was forced to range about
feek a Subfiftence in Company of fome Privatej
then in the Bay. In which Rambles we vifited all
Rivers from Trifi to Alvarado -, and made many
fcents into the Country among the Villages thej
where we got Indian Corn to eat with the Bej
and other Flclh that we got by the way, or
natee and 'turtle, which was alio a great Support]

us. .'?';"'"', ■ ■

Alvarado was the Wefterrrioft Place I was
Thither we wentin two Barks with thirty Men ineac
and had ten of eleven kill'd and defp:rately wound!
in taking the Fort ; being four or five Hours engag
in that Service, in which time the Inhabitants havin
plenty of Boats and Canoas , carried all tha
Riches and beft Moveables ^away. It was after Su|
fet before the Fort yielded ; and growing dark,
could not purfue them, but refted quietly that Nigh
the next Day we killed, falted and lent aboard twenj
or thirty Beefs, and a good Quantity of S?lt-fifh, :
Indian Corn, as much as we could flow away. Hej
were but few Hogs, and thofe eat very i
therefore we did not,.mucn efteem them: but
Cocks, Hens and Ducks were fen t aboard in abuJ
dance. The tame Parrots we found here were tlj
largeft and faireft Birds of their Kind that I eva
faw in the PFeft- Indies, Their colour was yelloj

Fine-Varrots, A Sea-Fight.

red, very coarfely mixf ; and they would prate

prettily % and there was fcarcc a Man but what

it aboard one or two of them. So that with Pro-

ilion, Chefts, Hen-Coops and Parrot-Cages, our

jpswere full of Lumber, 'wirh which we intended

fail: But the fccond Day after we took the

'ort, having had a Wefterly Wind all the Morning,

iih Rain, feven Armadilloes that were fent from

l/iu Cru7> appeared in Sight, within a Mile of

Bars, coming in with full Sail ; but they could

cc ftem the Current of the River *, which was

well for us •, for we were not a little furprized.

etwe got under Sail, in order to meet them j and

ring our Decks by heaving all the Lumber ovcr-

rd, we drove out over the Bar, before they

chcd it : But they being to Wind- ward, forced

to exchange a few Shot with them. Their Admi-

was called the Horo, She had lo Guns and loo

[en; another had 4 Guns and 80 Men : The reft

ying no great Guns, had only 60 or 70 Men a-

iece, armed with Muskets, and the Veffels barrica-

d round with Bull-hides Breaft high. We had not

ve 50 Men in both Ships, 6 Guns in one and two

the other. Aflbon as we were over the, Bar, we

i our Larboard-Tacks aboard and ftodd to. the

iaftward, as nigh the Wind as we could lye. The

)mar^i came away quartering on us ; and our

hip being the Head-moft, the T^oro came diredtly

;owards us, defigning to board us. We kept firing

it her, in hopes to have lamed either Maft or Yard ;

lit failing, juft as fhe was fhearing aboard, we

ave her a good Volley, and prefently clapp*d the

elm a Weather, wore our Ship, andgot ourStar-

ard Tacks aboard, and ftood to the Weftward :

nd lb left the T^oro^ but were faiuted by all the

Crafc as we pad by them, who ftood to the

jEiftward after the Toro^ that was now in Purfuic

•d c!ofe by our Conlbrr. We ftoo \ to \\\t Weftward

I i till

129

HHiM'

■:^i-

'^'m

i\ !p^'-

I,.. I;

H :■

I JO Munjack /^ Sort of Titch,

till we were againft the River's Mouth; th?n wJ
tackt, and by the help of the Current that camt ou|
of the River, we were near a Mile to Windward
them all. Then we made fail to aflifl: our Conforr
who was hard put to it -, but on our Approacii thl
^oro edged away towards the Shore, as did all thj
reft, and ftood away for Aharado : And we, glad i
the Deliverance, went away to the Eallward, and
vifited all the Rivers in our Return again to frifi
and fearched the Bays for Munjack to carry widi
for the Ship's ufe, as we had done before for
ufc both of Ships and Canoas.

Munjack is a fort of Pitch or Bitumen, which
find in Lumps, from three or four Pounds to thir
Pounds in a Lump *, walhed up by the Sea, and le
dry on all the Sandy-Bays on all this Coaft: Iti
in Subftance like Pitch, but blacker •, it melts bj
the Heat of the Sun, and runs abroad as Pitch woulj
do if expofed, as this is, on the Bays : The fmej
ot it is not fo pleafant as Pitch, neither does it fticj
fo firmly as Pitch, but it is apt to peel off fron
the Seams of Ships Bottoms •, however we finj
it very ufeful here where we want Pitch i anj
becaufe it is commonly mixed with Sand by lyin
on the Bays, we melt it and refine it very wd
before we ufe it ; and commonly temper it wii|
Oyl or Tallow to corred it ; for though it melts I
the Heat of the Sun, yet it is of a harfher Nad
than Pitch. I did never find the like in any otha
Part of the World, neither can I tell from whence i
comes.

And now the EfFedls of the late Storm being almo
forgot, the Lagune Men fettled again to their In
ployments •, and I among the reft fell to work
the Eaft Lagune, where I remained till my Depa
ture for Jamaica.

The Frofii of the Logwood-Ttadc.

I will only add as to this Logwood-Trade in ge«
111, that I take it to be one of the maft" profitable
CJ^knd, and it neareft refembles that of New-
idand i fince what arifes from both, is the Pro-
oftof bare Labour ; and that the Perfons imploy-
I herein are fupported by the Produce of their Na-
Ijyc Country.
It is not my Bufinefs to determine how far we

It hjive $ righc of ,cutting Wood there, but tiiis
can iay, that the Spaniards never receive Jefs Da-
nage from the Perfons who generally follow that
Trade, than when they are employed upon that
^ork.

While I was here the laft time, Capt. Gihhs arriv'd
la Ship of about lOO Tons, and brought with him
^0 ftout New-England Indians that were taken in
k Wars there, defigning to have fold them at
^imlca^ but not finding a good Market, brougiit
km hither to cut Logwood, and hired one Mr.
^hard Dawkins to be their Overfeer, who carried
hem to work at Summafenta : But it fo happened
hat about a Week after, the Captain came thither

his Boat from One-Bu/h-Key where his Ship I.iy,
DdtheOverfeer having fome Bufinefs, defired leave
I be abferit for two or three Days : But as foon as

and the Seamen were gone, the Indians taking
licir Opportunity kjlled the Captain and marched
jff, defigr^ing to return to rfieir own Country by
and: They were feen ^bout a Month afterward,
nd one of them was taken near the River Tonddo.

After I had fpent about ten or twelve Months at
Y Logwood-Trade, and was grown pretty well
puainted with the way of Traffick here, I left the
nployment, yet with a defign to return hither af-
[rl had been in England', and accordingly went
om hence with Captain Chambers of London ,
Eiund to Jamaica. We failed from Trijl the Be-

I i 2 ginning

13!

1 bM

1 ■

nil

■f

1 1 fl

iRf:>

ii-'iiHi-

^B^^H

■

■'

^Hin

I^^H^^^^^H

■

'1 3 2 The Author's Return to England.

ginning of Jpril^ 1678. and arrived zt Jamaica
Ma-j^ where I remained a fmall Time, and then 1
turned for England witli Captain Loader of Londt^
I arriv'd there the beginning of Auguft the fame Yea]
and at the Beginning of the following Year 1 1]
out again for Jamaica^ in order to have gone then(
to Catnpeachy ; but it prov'd to be a Voyage roue
the World ; of which the Publick has already hj
an Account in my former Volume, and the Fif
Part of This.

FINIS.

|Cap. Dampier

HIS

ISCOU RSE

O F T H E

Me- Winds, Bree!zes, Storms,
Seafons of the Year, Tides
and Currents of the Tor-
RID Zone throughout the
World.

IfifilSlilGlll^lSi^lBI^II^QISIIiilSilMl^ 0QIPiII£lf $1

kf'

5 ,

lor near
Tmiil/

fiyi

A Scheme of the following Treatife.

C7V«r, or Gr»#r4/ at Sea. i.

r/>4</# y «

windi,p.i.^ tCvtHAta.ix.

CCoafling ^ € ObliquePointi. 1 7.'

I Shifting to^ OppofitePoJnti}Jif«i>»x
I in the £,Indi$:. ai.

lor near

Breezes

/•Sea. a

ron,e0.45-;f;i-B
(^ LanJ / r TtrrtMtt '\C»\

' Ctntr»L xS.

PnuliMT to f Ji""7^/'"'-Windf. 451
^ ^ ^ < CAffMrra^'Breezes. 44.

r Ttrrenott "^C^romMiuitl^j,
\ or hot X
) winds of v^M«/fl*«r. 48.

f Producing j
liar \

!In the
Indies.
In the
Eajl-
InMts,

[particular^ \ The Ptrfit

'Efeasi I J Gulf. 48.

/ Harm*tMSt or eolJ Ter-
(. rtncs of CHintM, 49.
Norths. 60.

and ChoceUttn North. 6t.

{JamsieM, 6r.
Cumpeachy. 66'
. HnrricMs of the Gir/W Ifltnds. 68,

Tuftons, 71, 7a.

I Stormy Monfious. jx.
and Elephtuita, 74.

Seafons of the Year, dry. wet, TorMdtts, &t, 76.
I Tides. 50.

^Currents. 100

An Account of the Country of N^/*/. 108.

\ M^' i

'■■II'-'

>>!.

« '

■mil H,

p. ill)

jl 11

1 i ^1:

(

IBIr,

" ^ uh ''

it ..

ii»kmk

•-/-^

(tDampier's VO YAGEa

i c

VOL. II. Part III.

[discourse of Winds, Breezes,
Storms, Tides, and Currents.

C H A P. I. 'I

Of the General Trade- Wind,

The Introduction.

\k General Trade- Wind at Sea. Of the
kjl Time of the Tear to crofs the Equinodial.
HheJVinds near the Line commonly uncertainy
mi attended "juith Calms and Tornadoes, A
Rcafon of the Winds blowing South near the
line, in the Atlantick Sea. How Ships
hmeward- bound from the Bite of Guinea,
l^mld crofs the Line. Of the Trade-Wind
« the Soutli-Sea, and in the Eaft-Indiari

Shall reduce vhat I have to Hiy on this Sub-

jeft to lome General Llrads -, beginning with

r the Trade-winds, as being the moft remark-

Ala

|Trade-Winds are fuch as do blow conflantly
om one Point or Quarter of the Conipafs, and
h'ou IL A a a the

in !:

1 3cCo3iStin% TRADK-TW/i^j

ro^\rs anion a the J.JlieS Jhcw th^ Co

TRADK-TVln^i in th, jrcair SO UTH O CXJLN

Ljiies s/icir the Course cf thos^ Getiejral ^ CoaAiiie 'Winds

tl.I inn
'man Jo

.'•I'M ''fcliV

■■■.N"'.'f ,

'4'.

■, 1

.'. '

■i

;

■m

7.-'-/

l»V'

:if;

1 ■ *

.. IV ■

' '" .r ''

AVic/r jfthc General «i:Coai^ino TRADE-TVi/u/j in the A

"•""'^ — -■ I I - "^ . ,

. AJXE^m Js in the AtLANTICK C<:I:^nJAN OCEJ^NS

\£^4' the. Coui-ss af-thc SJruflino^ TRAD K-V'uuls . and the Ubhrevia.tions , S^p*^ SL, C.

mhm.

{^ Of the General TraAe-Winl

the Region of the World mod peculiar to ^hfn
is from about 30 d. North, to 30 d. South of th
Equator.

There are divers forts of thefe Winds j fomeblo\t
ing from Eaft to Weft, fome from South to North
others from Weft to Eaft, ^c. Some are conftara
in one Quarter all the Year ; fome blow one h
the Year one way, and the other fix Months qj
contrary ; and others blow fix Months cm
way, and then ftiifting only eight or ten Point
continue fix Months more, and then return aoaii
to their forn.er Stations^ as all thefe Ihife
Trade-\7inds do ; and fo as the Year coines about
ihey alternately fuccecd each other in their pro
per Seafons.

There are other forts , cu^'ed Sea-Winds and
Land-winds, diffe'-ing much from any of the for]
mer, the one blowing by Day, the other by NightJ
conftantly and regularly fucceeding each other.

Within the Torrid Zone alfo are violent Ston
as fierce, if not fiercer, than any are in other Part(
of the World. And as to the Seafons of the Year,!
I can diftinguifti them there, no other way thanbyj
Wet and Dry, and thefe wet and dry Seafons do ail|
fucceflively follow each other, as Winter and Sutn-l]
mer do with us. P

Here are alfo ftrong Currents, fometimes fetiingl
one way, fometimes another ; which though it isl
hard to defcribe, with that Accuracy which isdefir-i
able, yet I ftiall give us particular an Acroumofj
them, as alfo of the ieveral forts of V^incU^ as my I
own Obfcrvations, and the judicious luformatioiiSj
from others, will afford me. Matter to do.

l^■

Of the General Trade-P^^ind.

Of all Winds befotc-mentiored, I ihall end?i^

vour to treat diftindly •, beginning with the '/'"H

Trade-

Of the General Trade-Wind,

Trade-Wind firft,which I call theG^^^r^/Trade-Wind
Sea i becaufe all other Trade- Winds, whether
Dnftant or Ihifting, feem to have their Dependance
n fome accidental Caufe \ whereas the Cauie of
liefe, be it what it will, feems uniform and conftant.
Thefe '■jeneral Trade- Winds are only in the At^
\nlKk Ocean which parts Africa fronr^ America^ in
he Eaji-Indian Ocean, and in the Great South-

tta.

In all thefe Seas, except juft under or near the
Line, they conftantly blow without Intermiffion,

well to the South, as to the North of the E-
|uator, but not with equal Force at all Times, no,*

all Latitudes ; Neither do thefe conftant Trade-

Ms ufually blow near the Shore, but only in the
ton, at lea'ft 30 or 40 Leagues off at Sea, clear
bm any Land -, efpecially on the Weft Coaft, or
Side of any Continent : For indeed on the Eaft-
Ide, the Eafterly Wind being the true Trade-

^ind, blows almoft home to the Shore ; fo near as

receive a Check from the Land-Wind, and oft-
(5mes to admit of the Sea-Breezc, by which it is
irawn from itsCourle frequently four or five Points
kf the Compafs : But of the Sea-Breeze I Ihall fpeak

its Place. In fome Places, and particularly the
Bouth Seas, in South Lat. the true Eaftern Trade is
bot found to blow within 150 or near 200 Leagues
pf ihc Coaft, but in North Lat. in thofe Seas, ic

i.ncs within 30 or 40 Leagues diftance of the Shore:
inu this I ftiall give as a general Rule, that in
Korth Lat. thefe Winds are commonly at E. N. E.
Ill South Lat. at E. S. E,.

When we go from England, and are bound to the
W or JVefl-Indies, or to Guinea, we commonly
'Snd thefe Winds in the Lat of 30 d. fometimes
(boner, as in the Latitudes of 32 01 35. And

may fo happen that we may meet with an Eaft-

A a a 2 erly

i r

.'Si;'.

lib:

Of the general Trade- fVind.

crly Wind in 40 d. or go out of our Channel with
a Notth-Eaft Wind ; which fomctimes allu fails
not till we come into a true Tratlc.-wind \ but thi
is only accidental, therefore is not ihe Wind thaq
I fpcak c. i but between 32 and 28 I did nel
ver know nor hear, that the true Trade-wind
failed.

If in coming from England, we have a NortlJ
Eaftcrly Wind that brings us liither, f/. c. into the
true Trade-wind) it fomctimes flays at North-KaftJ
elpecially if we keep near the African Shore, as)
Guinea Ships do, till we are near the Tropick oif
Cancer, and then comes to the E. N. E. where q
fettles i butcomtMonly it fettles there in 28 d. ifwel
are fo far off Sliore as to receive the true Tr,ide.|
When the Wind is thus fettled, we have commonlyl
fair Weather, and a clear Sky, efpecially if theSuJ
is in any Southern Sign 1 but if in a Northern Sign,]
the Weather is ufually cloudy.

On the contrary, when we i re in South I.at. inl

the Atlantick, if the Sun is in Northern Signs, tlicl

Sky is clear, but if in Southern Signs, rhc Sky A

cloudy. This I once experienced to my Sorrow,

in my return from Bantam, in rhe Year 1671. Wei

had cloudy Weather and brisk VVi/uls, while v,e|

were crofTing the Eaji-Jnd'ia Ocean, and h.id a

very good Paflage alfo about the Cape of Goo////';p;

where we had fair clear Weather •, Anrl fteenrq

from thence, for the Ifland of St. Hellcna, where vc

thought to water and refrefh, as all our £«^.W]

Eaji-lndui Ships do, we mift it for want otanO^-

fervation. For before we came to the Tropick oil

Capricorn, the Sky was again clouded, lo that we

fildnm faw the Sun or Star^, till we were quite

palt the Ifland. However we found the Ifle of

Afdntion, where we llruck two Turtle, (fur this

was not the laying Time, but the beginning «f^ f^*'|

Cooiin;^ or Ingendring Seafon ; tlierelbre fome tfw

onit

1, and had a

Of the general Trade Wind.

only were drawn liither.j This was the latter-end
of Hovemher. From the time that we thought our
fdvts to the Weft of St. Hellcna, wc had our Wa-
ter meafured out to us, two Pints a Man perDay^ till
we came into our Channel. This was the firfl
time that I began to know the Value of frefh Water j
for we took in none in all our Way home from Ban-
Idin. But Co much for this Digrcflion.

The Winds, as 1 faid before, as we run to the
Southward from England^ do firft fettle in the E.
N, E. about the Lat. of 28 d. or be fure between
that and 24 d. clpecially when the Gun is to the
Southward of the Line ; but mMay^ June^ and July
you will find the Winds at E. by S. or E. S. E.

Thefe Winds, whether we meet them to the
North of the Eaft, or to the South of it, we find
blowing a moderate Gale from our firft meeting
them in 30 or 28 d. till we come to the Tropick,
there we find the Trade ftrongcr : It commonly
blows a go*" d Top-fail Gale, as we fail large : And
if we were to fail on a Wind, our lower Sails would
be enough.

Thefe brisk Gales blow in the Atlantick Ocean,
and North of the Equator, from the Lat. of 23 to
12 or 14 conftantly, between the E. N. E. and the
E, but between 10 or 12 degrees and the Line, they
are not fo frefli nor conftant, to that Point ; for in
the Months of July arid Aiiguft^ the South-Winds
do oft-times blow even to 11 d. or 12 d. of North
Lat. keeping between the S. S. E. and the S. S. W.
or S. W. but in Deceinher and January the true
Trade blows between 3 d. or 4 d. of the Equator. And
as the Sun returns again to the Northward, fo the
Southerly Winds do increafe and draw more to the
Northward of the Line, till July, and then gradu-
.illy withdraw back again towards the Line : When
the Sun is in Southern Si^ns, *tis the beft time of the
Year to crofs the Line, if bound to the Southward i

A a a 3 f^T

i>-ii \

1 1

■ i

I 11 r

,;'r;fi

/V'^-^*:^

1;'^'

[i; i>

> III'

'i-'l

'^'■m

1 1,-f

Of the General Trade -Wind,

for bcfidcs ihe Benefit of the true Trade, to brine
a Ship near the Line, the Wind is then more con-
{lant and frefh , the Weather clearer, and the
Winds which at other Times are between the S.S.E.
and S. S. W. are now at S. E. or S. E. and by E.but
in our Summer Months we find nothing but Calms
and Tornadoes ; and tho* Tornadoes do ufually rife
againft the fettled Wind •, yet but few Comman-
ders will endeavour to take the Advantage of the
Winds that come from them, 'but rather furl their
Top'faiJs, haul up their Corfes, and lye dill till the
Guft of Wind is paft, except NecefTity requires halle,
for the fudden Tornadoes do not continue long \
and befides often very violent and fierce, fo that a
Ship with her Sails loofe, would be in danger to be
oy^er-fct by them, or at lead loofe Malts or Yards,
or have the Sails fplit •, befides the Confternadon
that all Men mull needs be in at fuch a Time, efpe-
cially if tue Ship, by any unforefeen Accident, fliould
prove unruly, as by the Miftake of the Man at
Helm, or he that Conns, or by her broaching to a-
gainft all Endeavours, which often happens when a
fierce Guft comes; which tho' it does not Mlong,
yet would do much Damage in a fhort Timci uid
tho* all things Ihould fall out well, yet the Benefit
of it would not compenfate the Danger : For 'tis
much if a Ship fails a Mile; before eitner the Wind
dyes wholly away, or at Icaft fhifts about again to
the South. Nor are we fure that thefe Winds will
continue three Minutes before they fliift •, and fome-
times they fly round fafter than the Sliip will, tho'
the Helm lies for it ; and all Seamen know theDan-
ger of being taken a-back in fuch Weather.

But what has been fpoken of the Southerly
Winds, Calms, and Tornadoes is to be underftood
of the Eaft-fide of the Atlantkk to as far Weft as
the Longitude of 359 d. or thereabouts j for ir-
thqr Wefterly we find the. Winds commonly ai S.

% ■ ■*!

Of the General Trade- Wind.

|E. even in crofTing the Line, and a very briflc Gale ;
'tis for that Rcalbn our experienced Guinea Com-
Imanders do keep to the Southward of the Line,

1 they are about that Longitude. Some run over
[nearer the American Shore before they crofs the
[Line ; Our Eajl-India Commanders do alfo crols the
[Line, coming from India near the American Coaft,
and find brilk Gales at S. E. all the times of the
Year-, but going to the Indies, they fteer away
South, from the Ifland St. J^g^t where they com-
Imonly water, and meet the Winds in that Longi-
Itude. But of this enough.

The Winds near the Line in the Indian Ocean and
Ihtb-Sea are different from this, yet there the
Winds are alfo Soutlierly, and therefore different
from what they are farther off; for 2 d. or 3 d. on
[each fide the Line, the Winds are commonly very
uncertain, and oftentimes there are perfeft Calms,
or at leaft very fmall Winds and fome Tornadoes
in the Eaft'Indian Sea. In the South-Seas, near and
under the Line, the Winds are at South 130
Leagues off from the Shore, but how farther off I
know not -, there the Winds are but fmall, yet con-
ftant, and the Weather clear from March till Sep-
hmhdr i but about Chriflmas there are Tornadoes ;
yet in both the Eaft-Indian Sea, and the South Sea,
the Winds near or under the Line, are often at
South •, yet thefe Winds do not blow above 2 or 3 d.
to the North or South of the Line, except near
fomc Land ; but in the Atlarttick Sea, as I have faid
before, the South and South- Weft Winds do fome-
times blow even to 10 or 12 d. North of the Line.
And for the South Winds to blow conflantly near
the Line in the J t Ian tick, between Cape Verd in Afri-
M,and C. Blanco in Brazil, is no wonderful thing, if a
Manwill but confider thofe Promontories that fliooc
out from the Continents on each fide the Sea; one on
|the North, the other on the South-fide of the Equa-

A a a 4 tor.

m I

Si'':

, r

;S Of the General Trade Wind.

tor, leaving but a fmall fpace clear for the WinJ
to blow in ; where there is always a pretty brisH
Gale, efpecially on the American fide. And

— , ^.j^^ J ^ ^ .^„„ t.x<u^. xiiiu asi

aiiin 2 or 7, tl of the Equator, it i,-, moft fubjcftj
> Calins and Tornadoes, and fmall faint Breezes iil

.l|i-,4Sig.i-:v

Other Seas not pent up as this is. So this Sea, excepj
jiifb in the very Opening between both PromontoJ
ric:., is much more fubje^ to it than any other I
efpecially on the Eaft-fide j that is, from the A'/^orl
the Inland Corner of the Coaft of Guinea to 28 orl
30 d. diftance Weft : But this feems not to be alto-
gether the EfFedls of the Line, but owing partly toi
the nearnefs of the Land to the Line, which Ihooul
out from the Bite of Guinea, even to Caje St. An
almoft in a Parallsl with the Equator (allowing fori
the Bays and Bendings) and this is 23 or 24d. ofl
Longitude J and not above 80 Leagues from the Linel
in fome Places : So that this part of the Sea between!
thv" Coaft of Guinea, and the Line or 2 d. South of)
it, lying, as it were, between the Land and the Line,!
is feldom free from bad Weather 5 efpecialjy from
Jpril to Septemher \ but when the Sun is withdrawn
towards the Tropic k of Capricorn, then there is|
fomething better Weather there.

And in the Sea under the Line between the Ajrl-
can Promontory and the American, it is free from I
Tornadoes and Calms, and more fubjeft to fair]
Weather and frefh Breezes. Therefore both our|
Enghlh and Dutch Eajl-India Ships, when outward-
bound, endeavour to crofs the Line as near as they
can in the mid- Channel, between both Promonto-
ries i and although they meet the Winds fometimes
at S. S. E. or at S. S. V/. or farther Eafterly or Weft-
trly ; yet will they not run above a degree to the Faft,
or a degree to the Weft of the mid-Channel, before
they tack again, for fear ofmeeting with the foaking
Current on the Weft, or Calms on the Eaft-fide j ei-
iher of which would be alike prejudicial to theirCourie.

rhe

Of the general Trade- Wind.

, The Tortuguefe in their Voyages to Brazil^ take
the kv^it method, and get to the South of the Line
before they fall in with the Land, for fear of fal-
ling to leeward of Cape St. Auguftine^ for there are
io many things which make that a difficult Cape to
pafs, that hardly any Man would try to do it, buc
at a diftance.

But our Guinea Ships do generally pafs on to
their Ports on the Coafl of Guinea^ at any time of
the Year, without ufing fuch Methods *, becaufe their
Bufinefs lies moftly on the North of the Line,
where they always find a fair Welterly Wind. But
in their returns from thence, they crofs the Line,
and run 3 or 4d. to the Southward of it, where
they meet the Wind between the S. S. E. and the S.
S. W. and a brisk gale : with this Wind, they run
away in the fame parallel 35 or 36d. before they
crofs the Line again to the Northward, which is
about mid-way between the Extreams of both
Promontories, there they find a brisk gale, which
carries them to the IVeft-Indies^ or where they
pleafe. Some run Weft 40 d. before they crofs
the Line, and find ftrong Gales ; whereas fliould
they come from Old'Cnilaba}\ or any other Place
in the Bite^ on the North of the Line, and
fteer away W^ft, thinking to gain their Paffage
the fooner becaufe it is the neareft way, they would
doubtlefs be miftaken, as many Men hare been:
For if they keep near the Line, they meet with
great Calms -, and if tikey keep near the Land,
dicy meet with Weft=;rly Winds i and if they keep
in the middle between both, they muft of necefiity
meet with both Inconveniencies, as alfo with
Tornadoes, efpecially in M/v, June^ July and
Auguft. . '

By which means fomc Ships, if they go any of
thele three ways now cautioned againft, fpend more
time in going from the Bite to Cape Verd^ than ano-
ther

till'lll

. m

.s;jmt';

■•■■' -Mm
dii, ^ til 11*1

10 Of the General Trade-Wind,

ther Ship will do if it crofs the Line in the right pk
ces, before -mentioned, in going to the Barbadoei,

Sometimes unexperienced Guinea Maften in thcr
return from thence, after they have crofs'd the Line
from N. to S. and are in a fair way to gain a fpeec.,
Paflfage, will be fo obftinate in their Opinions, after
they have run .16, 28 or 30 d. Weft from OldCifk.
bar (with a fair Wind) to fteer away W. by N. or
W. N. W. it being the diredteft Courfe they canfteer
for Barbadoes, then they muft of NecefTity keep
within a Degree of the Line, while they are running
2 or 300 Leagues, which may prove to be a long
time in doing, becrmfe of the Uncertainty of the
Winds near the Equator •, therefore they that crofs
it near the Middle, between both Promontories, or
near the American Coaft, when they are minded to
fall away to the Northward, fteer away N. W. or
N. W. by N. and fo deprefs or raife a degree in run-
ning 28 Leagues at moft -, therefore (which is bed)
they are but a Ihort time near the Equator : And be-
fides, in thus crofting it in the^ijfiiddle between both
Promontories, they feldom mifs of a Wind : for the
Wind in thefe Seas has no other Paflage, but be-
tween thefe two Promontories.

What I have faid already on this Head, has been
chiefly of the Atlanticky and of that too moflly a-
bout the Line, becaufe it is the moft difficult Place
to pafs in going to the Southward. In other Seas,
as in the Eaft-India Sea^ and the Great SouMn
there is no fuch Difficulty to pafs any way, becaufe
there is Sea-room enough, without coming into
fuch Inconveniencies as wc meet with in the Jtkn-
tick', and as to the Winds between the Line and the
Tropicks, in the Eaft-Indian Sea and the South-hi,
they are in their Latitudes, as I faid before, -viz, in
South Latitude, at E. S. E. and in North Lat. at
E. N. E. blowing conftantly frefti Breezes, efpeci
ally in the South-Seas, even from witliin a Degree or

Vii'i

Of the General Trade- JVind.

oof the Line, on each fide to the Tropick, or to
Degrees of Lat. And this I may truly fay, that
itlier the Atlantick nor the EaJi^Indian Seas have
le true Trade- Winds fo conftant nor brifk at all
cs of the Year, and in all Latitudes, as they
e here. For being once got in the Trade, I mean
ithout the Verge of the coafting Trade- Wind, it
ilows a very brisk Gale all over the Ocean. Capt.
'm experienced this in failing from the Cdllapa-
ij Iflands to the LadroneSy in the latter end of the
eari685. 'We had the like Experience, faning
m Cape Corientes to Guam the Year after (as ap*
rs by my Journal of that Run, in my Vo'^age
mi the World. Chap. lo. Pag. 185.) And as for
le Wind to the Southward of the Line, I had great
xperience of it in my Ramble there with Capt.
krp i and fmce that Capt. DavU^ in his Return
ut of the South'Sea^ had greater Experience, be-
aufe he took his Departui e from the Gallapagos I-
lands alfo, and (leering W. S. W. from thence tillpie
fit the true Trade at E. S. E. he fteered diredlly
uth, clear from the Line, till he got to the South-
id of the Tropick of Capricorn^ and fo quite
ithout the Trade.

In the Eaft Indian Sea, between the Lat. of 30 d.
d 4 degrees South of the Equator, the true Breeze
at E. S. E. or S. E. by E. yet not fo conftant nor
(risk as in the South-Seas *, befides that part of it
hich lyes to the Northward of the Line, has not
iich a conftant fteady Breeze, but is more fubjed to
alms, and near the Shore to ihifting Winds, ac-
ording to the Seafons of the Year.

''it #
■.ff?]i:lfi8

\ . ■;' 1;'

1.F -i

CHAP.

(1 H* <.f*\

'.>

it. \

I I

CHAP. II.
Of the conftant coafting Trade- Winds,

<* ... -'

A Tarallelof the South-Tart of Africa <j«ii
Peru. The Trade-JVtnds hkw with an am

'i^- Angle on any Coaft, , The fVtnds </W
'Angola and in tkie South- Seas alike ^ as A
Jo at Mexico //»^ Guineii,!n>^ /F;«^^
not in fome ^Places, 'Sand Mown from m
Shore about Cape Blanco in Guinea. An
Account of the Trade Winds from thence ti

'■ Cape Logos. ' . -'^'

TH E Trade-winds which blow on a^
Coaft , are either Conftant or Shift'
ing.

The Coafts that are fubjeft to Conftant Traded
"winds, are the Sonth-Coaft of Africa and P^r«, ari
Part of the Coaft of Mexico^ and Fart of Qmu,

The South-part of Africa and y-eru^ are in oni
Lat. both Coails trending North and South \ botW
on the Weft-fide of their Continents-, both in
South Lat. and tho* they do not lye exadly parallel
by Reafon of fo.Tie Capes orBendings in the Land,
yet are the Winds much alike on both Coafts, all
the Year long. . ... i. :.-••

On the Coaft of Aniola the Winds are between
theS. W. and S. And on the Coaft of Peru, >verec.
kon them between the S. S. W. and S. S. E. But this
the Reader muft take notice of: That the Trade-
winds that blow on any Coaft. except the North
Coaft of Africa, whether they are conftant, ana

hio^v!

fu, are m one

Of the anfiant coafi'mg Traae-JVinds.

blow all the Year, or whether they are fhifting
./inds, do never blow right in on the Shear, nor
tight along Shoar i but go flanting, making an
laccute Angle of about 22 degrees. Therefore as
Ihe Land trends more Eafterly or Welle ly from
ihe North or South on thefe Coafts, fo the Winds ^
Ido alter accordingly -, as for example, where the
[Land lies N.and-S. the Wind would be atS. S. W.
but where the Land lies S. S. W. the Trade would
IbeatS. W. But if the Land lies S. S. E. then the
[Wind, would be at. South. This is fuppofed of
[Coafts lying on tlie Well-fide of any Continent,
[and on the South-fide of the Equator, as tNc two
ICoafts of y^fika and Peru are ; but the North
[part of Jfrica has the Trade blowing off from
[the Shore, two or three Points.

Thcfe Southerly Winds do blow conllantly all
[the Year long, on both the Coafts of Peru and A-
Wi:a\ they are brisk, and blow farther off from
[the Coafts than any Ihifting Winds.

On the Coaft of Peru^ thefe Winds blow 1 40 or
1 150 Leagues off Shore, befjre you can perceive
Ijtkn to aiuT : But then as you run farther off, fo
\^c Wind will come about more Eafterly, and at
about 200 Leagues diftance in Settles at E. S. E,
khich is the true Trade.

Between Angola and Brazil the Winds are much
[as they are in the South-Seas, on the Weft-fide of
ik Peruvian Coaft-, only near the Line, within 4.
degrees of it, in South Lat. the Wind holds in the
S. S. W. or S. W. for 28 or 30 d. of Longitude,
andfo ir may in the fame Lat. in the South-Seas, for
ought I know i for it was at South, as far as any of
us were, which was 200 Leagues.

As the Co^ifts of Peru and Angola have theii' con-
ftant Trade-winds, fo has the Coaft of Mexico and
(^ulma: And as the Coaft of Peru lies North and
5ouih, fo thofe lye nearer Eaft and Weft,

Accor-

. .;■»'■

■s

^^'l

i".'i>

\^:>y :U'

W >;

14 Of the cmftant coafting Trade-Winii,

According to the Courfe of the general Trade U
Winds (hould be Eafterly on the£ Coatts \ but herl
we meet with the qui*:e contrary \ for from the Latl
of ID d. North to 20 d. North on theCoaft of ilfj
ico^ the Winds «re conftantly near the Weft on al
the Coaft, except check'd fomctimcs with Tornadoes I
which do commonly rife againft the "Wind; the!
il me is obferved on the Coaft of Angola^ wherel
there are Tornadoes alfo : I/ut the Coaft of Teru A
not fubjedl to any, yet on that Coaft there are fomeJ
times Calms two or three Days together off of the!
Bay ofArica^ between the Lat. of i6 and 23. Indiel
Lat. of .S9 you (hall have Calms 30 or 40 Lcagu«|
off Shore, but not fo far on either fide the Bay,
neither are fuch Calms ufual on the Coafts of An]
gola and Mexico only after a Tornado, as is common |
in other Places.

As the Coafts of Angola and Perity do in moll I
things run parallel each with other; fo do the Coafts
of Mexico and Guinea: And if I am not miftaken,
the Winds on both thefe Coafts are much alike;
Bot'i thefe Coafts do begin at the Bite or Bending |
of the Land, where the other two parallel Lands
do end ; for as the Mexican Continent begins at or
near Panama , which is eight or nine degrees North
of the Equator -, fo that part of Guinea^ which 1
fpeak of, begins about Old Callabar^ in about foor
or five Degrees of North Lat.

The Land trends away Wefterly from both thefe
Places fome hundreds of Leagues ; and tho' not on
one Point of the Compafs, becaufe of the fmall
Poinis, Bays and Bending in the Land, yet the
Winds that on more regular Shores, keep their con-
ftant Courfe, and blow in upon the Shore, about
two Points from the Sea, do alfo here on the Gmmi.
Coaft, blow on the Shore from the Weft Quarter,
and as the Land lies pointing in on the Shore, ev;n
from Cape Mount to Old Callabar, which is above

400

}'m'

Of the conftant coafling Trade-Wind.

Leagues •, and that with fuch Conftancy that
iie Eaft-part of that Coaft is called the Leeward
'finji J and the Weft-part the fVindward Coafi ; And
[et this is fo contrary to the general Opinion of Sea-

tn, concerning the Courfe of the Winds, that no-
ting but their own Experience will convince them

the Truth of it ; for thus they generally reafon ;
inrkdoes is the Eafter-moft of the Qri^^f-Iflands,
(herefore the reft are faid to be Leeward of it, and

of any other Ifland ; as indeed it ufually holds
rue, becaufe the Winds there are commonly at
Eaft i but this Counter- Wind on the Coaft of Guinea
bnilhes moft Seamen that have feen nothing like
jhatthey meet with here. There are other Coafts
jhere the Winds Ihift very little, as on the Coaft of
Urmcos^ and the South-fide of the Bay of MexicOy
in the Bay of Campeacby^ and all the Carihbe
Bands. Indeed there may be fometimes fome fmali
Rurts of a Wefterly Wind on thefe Coafts, but nti-
her conftant, certain, or lafting.

And indeed this was the great Stumbling-Block
hat we met with in running from the Gallapagos
^nh for the Ifland Cocos^ mention'd in my former
look, Chap. 5. Pag. iii.

But that Part of Africa^ which lies between Cape
N in 14 d. North, and Cape Bayedore in 27. has
Jommonly Northerly Winds ; or between the N. and
I E. very frefti Gales ; therefore our Guinea Ships
bound to Guinea ftrive to keep near that Shore, and
|)ft-times make the Capes : And being to the South-
«/ard of Cape Blanco^ which lyes in Lat. about 21,
[hey are fometimes fo troubled with Sand, which the
W brings off Shore, that they are fcarce able to
|e£ one another : Their Decks are alfo ftrewed with
jt) and their Sails all red, as if they were tanned with
[he Sand that fticks to them, it being of a r eddilK
^olour,

Hi' t ■:' ,1
I'l ■ "I' •

' r

m I
m I

From

t :,l : , .

1 6 Of the conjlant confling Trade fVhids.

From C;; |)e Vcrd to Cape vSt. Amt:^ which !> about
6d;grt'es North, the Trade is between the F. ^injl
S. \L. from Cape St. Arnis^ to Cape Palmas, inabourl
4 (h North, tlie I'radc is at S. W. from Cape P,i|
mas to the Bite of Guifiea^ which is at the btrdinw
of the Coall, the Wind is at "W. S. W. from this
Bending the Land begins to turn about to the
South •, and from thence to Cape Lcops^ which is to'
the Sou \ of ' e ^..ine, the Trnde is at S. W. asicl
is on all ' ■iatC<.ai\ even to 30 degrees South.

This iail At count 1 had from Mr. Canb^^ who!
has made n uny '' yages to Guinea^

'. i

C HAP.

Sit i™(;*>\ " '.

I «sx9 ^ '^ (fitS) (&9y i^ If®) i^ ;!:(?) ;0St

CHAP. Iff.

Of the Cotfiing T^cde-fVmds that fhift.

[r/;^ Coa'> where the IVinds fhift. Of the
U'lnds between G. afl.. dc Dios, and Cape La
Vela. Of thofe on the Coaft of Brazil : At
Panama : About Natal : And Cape Co-
-'cntcs; And the Rcd-Sca : hrom the Gulph
of Pcrfia to Cape Comorin, Of the Moa-
Ibons in India : Their Benefit for failing
from Tlace to ^Place^ Sea and Land Breezes
fervweab/e for the fame purpofe. By what
helps long Voyages are made in an of en
Sea.

:,i

I I

H E Coaft where the "Winds do ufiially

fhift, are fome in the IVeJl- Indies, as that

part of the Ccaft between Cape Gratia df

yioi, and Cape La Vera chietly : The Coaft of

^'ml \ the Bay of Pana^na in the South-Seas, and
\\\ the Coaft of the Eaft-Indies, even from the

^iver Natal, which is in the Lat. of 30 d. South,
Diuhe Eaft • fide of Africa, beyond the Cape of good

^e^ to the North-Eaft Parts of China, compre-
keiiding all the Bays bt^tween. The Iflands ...fo have
ihcir Annual Changes ; Of all thefe I ftiall treat in
[heir order, beginning fir ft with that Coaft which

yes between Cape Gratia de Dies and Cape La Ve^
\ ' And I the rather begin with this part firft,

^^■x\^^t this part of the IVejl- Indies is all thiic is fub-
lect to change i neither is tlie change altogether

:,'Si±

B b b

■:^r||' '■

'i !

18 Of the coafling Trade-lVinds, ccc.

fo orderly, (v: ccrt.iin :ir, ilic i^/,.7//?-c/;/j !nthe£;',
hiuiCS^ or tlic lliifLing Winds on the Coaft of ili';j^
'zii.

The CoMiinon Trade-Wind on this Cond is bej

two. n the N. 1"'-. uwd thcl'a;^: This 'Imdc blow!

conlhintly tVoni March till I\ovcmh:r^ but is ofj

check'd with 'I'oinado^^s in th" Fvlonihs of .1/,;\1

yufii\ Jidj, and ^i-gijK tjpeciojly between the Ril

vcr of Daricii and C'.jLrrl:d \ but to \Vind-\var|

there is a more llrcnj A:r, and a briflar Wind

From O'clohcr till M.ir.b tlierc arc Wcilcrly Winds!

not conll.int, nor violent, but blowir.j,!; modcratdJ

fomctimes two or three Days or a Week •, anil the/

the Bree/e may blow again as l-)ng. Tlui^j Wind

are mofl" in D.cnnbcr and January -, before iindati

thefe two Months the 1 rade-Wiiul is only chidfj

a Day or two near the full or r'ninge of tiic Moonl

and wlicn the Welle rly Winds blow longdl rnl

ilrongell en the Couil, the l^allerly Tr;idc-VviiiJ

blows ofF at Sea, as at other I'imes. Near Crt'

Vela^ \.\\Q. true Trade blows within eight w! ttj

Leagues off the Shore, when the Wcflerly Wir

blow on tiie CoalV, except in a Itrong North, v,k|

turns the Tiadc-Wind back, and on the C'jl'm

and between it and the Kiver D^nV//, theWellerl)

Winds, as they arc more freciuent and hilling ihi

towwvd Cape La f'da, fo alfo they blow farther oj

at Sea, fomctimes as far as to twenty or diir

Leagues from the Shore.

Therefore Ships bound to Windward, ifthcyl:!^
far to go, either take the Opportunity of tlie ^^d]
erly Wind-Seafon, or elfe go through theGulp.u
Florida, and (Iretch away to the North, til! riiaM
into a variable W'ind's way, and then r ni to e"
Faflward as far as they think convenient bel^rein
Rretch to the Southward ao;ain. All that .ue oo'in]
from thc.lFt'ft-ImiiL's to Guinea mull take this Iciir

if they fiil from "Jamaica (becaule they nvjl^ \\

th;oi:i

0/ the coap/mgTrack'JVinds, <5cc.

Itliroiigh thcGulph of F/oriJa) but from other Iflnnds
tluy may flrcrcli ;iv/.iy dircdly to the Norch, and ulc
1th' Timi' Method.

But if Ships have only a iiii.dl way to fdl to
[Wituiward, they make life of the Sea and l.r.nd-
Br(tzcs, making no accounc of the 'rime of the
[Year.

The Winds on the Confl: o[ Brazil, arc from S,:p-
|/7w/,r till A-fdnb at E. N. E. and from AUnh till
\^^l4mber again they are at Soutli.

The Winds in the Bay of Pauana arc from 5'^,''-
Uiinkr till March Jv\il7:rly, and iVom M^irth till 6"^/-
lltv/i/'fT again thry arc ar South and S. S. W.

r-rom the Caic of g,jcl Hope Failwards, as far as
|(!k' River Natal, which lies in 3od. South Laiitude,
aiulCr^Av/ Corlciti<'S inLar. of 24(1. degrees South, the
Winds from May to Orl>b-:r aie conltantly from the
Well to tiie North Well within tliirty Leagues of
Ilk Shore: They blow hardeit at North WelL When
I the Wind comes to North Wefl, it is commonly
ftormy and tcmpeftuous W^carher, attended with
much Rain, and then the Weather is cold and chii-
lly. From O.'tohcriiW March the Winds areKaflcrly
from the E. N. E. to the E. S. E. you have then ve-
ry fair Weatlier : The E.-N. E. Winds are pretty
[frdh, but the Winds at E. S. E. are fmall and faint,
fometimes affording fome drops of Rain.

From Cape Coricules to the Red-Sea^ Irom Ol^ohir
till the middle of January the Winds are variable,
but moil times Northerly, and oft fliifting round
theCompafs : The ilrongeft Winds are at North ;
thefe are often very violent and llormy, and ac-
companied with mucli Rain, and thus it blows
about tliC Illand of Macliij^:ifcar and t-'ie adjaccnc
Ifiands.

E h'jft: Storms are commonly precccdcd by a great
Sea out of the North.. Erom yanuary till Maj the
Winds are ac N. E. or N. N. E. fine frelh Gales and

B b b ^ i'^ir

IS>

%i:

.l:i.. ''j:

I .

i'^

1 ■ '

/ '! ■'-

;■

;, ■

i^^^tt

k < ;■

t\lR.iiP!

Of the coafl'tng-Trade-fVindSy Sec.

fair WcMther. From A fay till Oclober the Winds are
Southerly, in July^ ^'Itigujl^ antl Scptemhn^ tliere
arc great Calms in the Bay of Pate and Melrnde,:^^^
a llrong Current fctting into the Bay : Thcrdore
Ships that have occalion to pais this way in thofc three
Monciis, ought to keep at leaft a hunched Leagues
from the Coall to avoid being driven by the Current
into the Bay ; for thefe Calms do fometiincs laft fix
Weeks, yet oO' at Sea, at the diflance of a hunelred
Leagues the Winds are frcfh at South. At die En-
trance into the Rcil-Sca near Cape Guardrfuer thrrc
arc c ommonly very hard Gales and turbulent Wea-
ther, even when the Calms are fo great in liicCayof
Mclcndc, and not above ten or twelve L-eagues atSei
from the laid Cape^ there is alfo very fair Weather,
and pretty frefh Gales.

In t\\ii Red-Sea from May till OoJober, the Winds!
arc ftrong at S. W. and the Current letting out
llrong, fo that there is no entering into that Sea in!
thole Months, except you keep clofe to the Suiiili-
fliorc, there you have Land- Winds, and an cdily
Current. In the Months of September or Otfolm\ the
Wind /hulBes about to the North, and at lad fettles
at N. E. then comes fair Weather on this Coafl ; and
lb continues till the Monfoon Jhifts, which is in Am
or Ma^ \ then it firfl: takes one flurry at North, and
from thence it veers to the Eaft, and fo about to the |
South, and there it fettles.

The Account of this Coafl: from the Cape of id\
Hope hither, I had from Captain Rogers.

And as this hither-mod part of the Eajl-Idia, i-
ven from the Cape of good Hope to the Red-S^ii, which
Coafl lies nearefl N.E. and S.W. hath its lhiftingSea;|
fons, fo the other parts of /«^//rt, from the Gulph ot
Perjia to Cafe Cornorin^ has its conltant Annual
change, and from Co??ior in, clear round the Bay on
Bengal^ the change is no lefs ; and even from thence,
through the Streights of Malacca^ and Eallv/arcs as

her. the WinJs

Of the coafling Trade Winds, &c.

far as Japarty the (hifting Trade-Winds do alter-
nately fuccccd each other as duly as the Year comes
about.

It cannot be fiippofcd that the Trade-Wind in all
thcfe Places, fhould be exactly on one Point of the
Compafs : For I have already (hown, that thcfe
Trade-Winds on any Coaft do commonly blow
flanting in on the Shore about two or three Points j
therefore in Bays v/here the Land lies on fcvcral
Rombs, the Winds muft alter accordingly. Though
that Rule does not hold altogether true in Bays that
are deep, but is chiefly meant for a pretty llrcight
Coaft, which lies near alike ; allowing for Points of
Land and fmall Coves, which make no alteration :
But on the fides and in the bottom of large Bayri,
fiich as the Bay of Bengal, the Bay of Siam, &c. the
Wind differs much on one fide of the Bay from whar
It docs on the other •, and both fides differ from the
conllant Trade on the open Coatl i yet all fhift in
the fliifting Seafons, which are Jprii and September^
at one and the fame Time, to their oppofite Points :
1 mean on the open Coaft, for in fome Bays there is
alitdc alteration from that general Rule.

Thcfe Ihifting Winds in the Kajt- Indies, are called
Muiiioons ; one is called the E-jL^-Monfoo/i, the orhtrr
ikWdl-iMonfeon. ThcEo.(\:-Mofifoo/i fcts in about
Sqtember, and blows till y^pril •, then ceafeth, and
\.kWe{\:~Monfoon takes place and blows till Septem-
y again.

And both the Eafl- and Wd\-Moftfio}n blow in
their Seafons flanting i, on the Coaft, as is before
ddcribed : The EyjiU'Monfoon brings fair W^eather i
the Weft brings Tornadoes and Rain. For ("as I
iaid before in the firft Chap, of the General Trade-
Wind at Seaj when the Sun comes to the Nortli of
jheLine then all Places North of the Equator, with-
in theTropicks, are troubled with Cloud ■ and Rain,
but when the Sun is in Southern Signs then tlie Sky is

B b b ^ " ciwt

■'i '

•II

' * ;

i !

i- 1.

!■?' ' \

Of the coafting Trade-Winds, ice!

clear. And as moP: of the Tnidirg-Countries in
the EniJ-fiiMrs, clpccially thole on the Main Conn.
nenr, do lye between the Line and the Tropukof
Cancer : So thele Countries are all fubjed to the Chan-
ges and Seafons ah-eady delcribed. But thc,I^:l^.,,^
lying under the Line, and to the South between the
Line and t'ne I'ropick of Cajricorn^ have contrary
Seafons tothefe. Yet do they change at the fclf-lamj
TinK\

The difierencc between the lAonfoons on the North
of the Line, and the Mompiis on the South of the
Lii'-e is th.at in Jpri/, when the WcA-Monjkn {c^-Zm
to the North of the Line, the S. S. W. Wind fas
into the South of the Lat. and is called theS.S.W,
Monfyjii. And in SrftcmhcrvihQn the Eall Monk^,
lets into tlie Noith of 'tj.e Line, the N.N.E. Wind
blows in South Lat. and is called the N. N. E. %-
foo}!. And whereas the Weft-Afo/z/oo;/ is accompani-
ed with Tornadoes ana Rain in North Lat. the I
S. S. W. Ahiifuon^ which blows at the fame Time
South Lat. is accompanied with fair Weather. And
as the Eall-A/o/./zt;/ is attended with fair Wcaihcrin
Nordi I-at. the N.N.E. Monfoon^ which blows a:
the i.iinc Time in South Lat. is attendcl with Tor-
nadoes and very bad Weather. And though thtfe'
V/inds do not tliift exadily at one Time in all Year^;
yet Scr'l'-mhrr and .^; ril are always accountcil ihel
turning Months, and do commonly participate cfl
both forts of Winds, Eor thcfe Monfooi,\ do us con-
ft.mdy Ihift by turns, as the Year comes about. A:id|
by means of this change of W^ind, Ships have the be-
nefit to fail from one part of LuUa^ with one Wind,
and return with the contrary : So that moll ot thel
Navigation in India depends on the Moifions. And
Ships do conllanily wait for thefe Ch^mgcs ; and the
IVlerchants fit out to any Place according ;is thcSci-'
fon of the Year draws on : And wherelbcverthey
go they certainly difpaich their Bulinefs fo as to re-

"^ riirn

.^ ^

'iSsJ:^.'''

Of the coafllng Trade-Winds, 6cc.'

Iturn back again with next or contrary Monjaon :
lor here is no fliiling to and from any Place, but
with the Alonfocn : One carries them out, tlic other
brings them back. Neither do I knov/ iiow it were
pollilile for Merchants in thefe Parts to trade by
Sci from one Country to another, were it not for
tk'ftj fhifting Monjoons, For as I liave f.iid before,
moft of the trading Kingdoms in IrJia do bye be-
tween the Line, and the Tropick of Cancer. And
the Land lies fo to the North, that Ships cannot go
to the North of the Tropick, and by that means get
intovaiiable Winds way, as they may and do in
\t^^]V(jl-l}hV\cs^ when they are bound far to the Enfl:-
[ward. Neither could it be any Ad\^antage to ftand
|o;Tto Sea, as they may in the South-Sea \ for that
would be of little Moment, becaufe they would then
coine 10 near the l^inc, that they would be always
lyablc to Tornadoes and Calms \ and fl'ioukl they
crofs the Line and run to the Southward of it, think-
ing tliat way to g^tin their PalTage, it is likely they
iiiiglit fucceed no better there : For that part of the
[Seawliich lies to the Southward of the Line is open
lu Iree to the true Trade, which feldom fiils t But
jindeed that Wind would carry them to the South-
hwud quite beyond the Trade into a ^'ariable Vv' inds-
hv.iy. But the Sea is not open uicre, for Ships to pals
Ifofar to the EaRward as to gain their Port3.

For our Eajl-huiia Ships that are bound to Slam,
\fiinqiicen, Chlua^ &e. cannot get thither but in x\-]£

Seafoii of the Weft-.V/'/z/'^''//,

t no ugh

they

go L

li-

irtctly from England ; and though, after they are pad'
theCj/'r, they have the convenience tollretch to the
[Lifiward, as far as the Land will permit, yet they
kannot go fo iar as is convenient before they will be
obliged to fleer down within the Courfe of tlie Trade-
Winds, v/hich would obftruil their Paflage, if they
were as conflant here as in other Places. And there-
lore if thefe Anniverfa/y Afoii/hons did not conllantly

B b"b .!. fucceed

I :

■,'H'

•i-

) •

34. Of the coaft'tng Trade-Winds y &c.

fucceed each other, Ships could not pafs but one
way i they- might fail to the Weflward, but there
they muft lye up, or be three or four Years in their
return from a place which maybe failed in fix Weeks
yet I fay that to Places near each other, Ships may
and do very often fail againfl i\\t Mon'oon ^ and tbr
with fuccefs : For here are Sea and Land-Breeze-s
under the fliore, and in many Places good Anchor-
ing, by w!uch means Ships may flop when they find I
the Current againfl them : But Voyages of a ^rear
diftance cannot be made only witl\ Land and Sea-
Winds without fome other helps.

In the Weft -Indies we have thefe helps cf Land-
winds and Sca-Breezes by which we fail from one
Place to another, provided they are no grear di-
flance "afundcr, and perform our Voyagrs well t-
nough •, but when we are to fail a great way toL'^e
laflward againfl the Trade-wind, then we are for-
ced, as is faid before, either to pafs thro' the Gulp'i
of F'orula, if we are far to Leeward, or elfe to pal's
between the Iflands, and fo flrctch away to the
Northward, rill wc arc clear out of the Trade, and
fo get our Longitude that way. So in the So'Jth-Spa>
nifo, and on zlicCoiid of Guinea, the Coafl of 5/;n;.',
and tlie Coall of Africa, between the Care of ifxl
iioi'C and the Red-Sea, there are Sea and Land-BreC'
zcr, which may be made ufe of to fail againll the
'I"radc, li the Voyages be fhort : But when we are
to fail a great way againfl the Trade-wind, we m:;i":
not wholly depend on the Sea and 1 /and-Brec'-C^i
for tlien we fhould be a long Time in accompliibr;;
fuch Voyages. Li fuch Cales we have recourfc to i^ther
helps, fuch as Providence has fupplied thefe Seaswit'i,
which feems to be Vv'anting in the Eaft-Ifidu's : a- tor
example, in the S on :L'-Seas and on t!ie Cojil of a •'
where the Southerly Winds blow conilanrlv all '-c
Year, thtw Ships that are bound to the Souinv-r^!
flrctch oti to the WeRward till they ure our o: t .;

Co.i:.;::::

:r#t^

Of the Coafting Trade-Winds, $>iz.

Coafting Trade-Wind, and there meet with the true
iXrade at E. S. E. with which they fail as far as they
leafe to the Southward, and then fleer in for their
ore. So on the Coafl of Mexico^ where the Coaft-
ing Trade js wcfterly, there they run off to Sea, till
they meet the true E. N. E. Trade •, and then ftretch
away to the Northward, as far as their Port j and
Ships that come from the Pbilipines, bound for the
Coaft of Mexico^ ftretch away to the North, as far
as 40 Degrees, to get a Wind to bring them on the
Coaft.

Thus ilfa all Ships bound to the Eajl-Indies after
tlieyhave pail the Line in the Atlantick Ocean,
ftretch away to the Southward beyond the Trade,
and then Hand over to the Eaftward, towards the
Cape i fo in returning home, after they have croft
the Line to the Northward, they fteer away North,
with the Wind at E. N. E. till they are to the
Northward of the Trade- Wind, and then direft
their Courfe Eaftcrly. All Guinea Ships and Weft-
My; Ships do the fame in their Returns : And this
lithe Benefit of an open Sea. But to return.

The Monfoons among the E^ft-hdia Iflands that
lie 10 the Southward of the Line, as I faid before,
are eith^^r at N. N. K. orS. S. W. Thefealfo keep
tiine, and ftiift, as the Moyifoons do, to the North of
the Line, In the Months of April ^nd September, but
near the Line, as a Degree or two on each fide, the
Winds are not fo conftant. Indeed there they are fo
very uncertain, that I cannot be particular fo as to
give any true Account of them : Only this I know,
that Cairns are very frequent there, as alio Torna-
does and fudden Gufts j in which the Winds fly in a
Moment quite round the Compafs.

■ ■ )

' '^H' ■;

C II A l\

C H A P. IV.

0/ St'a iind Land- Breezes.

Ho:v Sea- Breezes diJTer from cojnmon Trdt-
IVinds. 7 he Time and Manner of tbcj Rife ; |
And partkiilarly at Jamaica. Of the LiU-
Breezes. The Time and Manner of their R.[r.
As on the IJlhmus tf/" Da rim and at Jamaica. I
The places -jjhere thefe I Finds blo-jo /, roiii^
or (lackeji j as at Capes and Head- Lands. hf\
Bays, Lagnyies and 1 (lands. Seal Ski?i Bid-
ders ufed injiead of Bark'Loggs.

SE A-Breezer,,gencrally rpeaking,arc no other than
ihe common Trade-Wind ot tiic Coalls on w'licii
they blow, with tliis difference, that whereas all
Trade-Winds, whether they are thofe tb,at 1 calltru
general Trade-Winds at Sea, or coailiiig Tradj-
Winds, either conftant or nuiting, do bJow r.s v'cll
by Night as by Day, with an equal brl.^kncls, ex-
cept when Tornadoes happen \ lb contranly Stw
Winds are only in tlie Day, and ceafe in ti\c Nig'u;
and as all Trade-Winds blow conftantly near to o-.c
Foint of the Compafs, both where the confumt
T rade-Winds are, or where ti\ey Ihift i on the con-
rrary, thefe S^a-Winds do differ from them in this,
tv. r in the Morning when they Hrfl: fpring up, tliey
blow commonly as the Trade-vVinds on the Coait
t'o, .vt or no., the lame Point of Compafs ; h'-it

about Mid-day they fly off two, thrcj or toi>r

i.'o:r.'.5

W-?

Of Sea and Land- Breeze^',

oints further from the Land, ;ind fo blow nlmoH:

igia in on the CoaO, eipccially 'n fair Weather •, for

^«^|{^j^«iV^^lKn the Sea-Breczcs are trued ; as lor Inlbince, on

he Coafl of ylngoia the Land licsahiioft North and

loiith, there the Trade- Wind is from the S. S. W.

;oihc S. W. the true Sea-Breezes near the Shore are

t W. by S. or W. S. W. and fo of any other

'Coaft.

Thcfc Sea-Breezes do commonly rife in the Morn-

ng about Nine a-Clock, fometimcs Iboner, fome-

iimes later : they firft approach the Shore fo gently,

[iisif they were afraid to come near it, and oft-times

Itky make fome faint Breathings, and as if not wil-

lling to olfend, they make a halt, and feem ready to

Iretir.". I have waited many a time both Afliore to

^tccivc the Pleafure, and at Sea to take the Benefit

'>es.

'nmon Trdt\

)f the Lind.
of their R.^r,
d at lamaicaJ
lo'^ j.roii'im
i- [jnvds.im
d iikm Bid' I
r.

e no other than |
^oalls onw'iiciV
at whereas all
■ that I call til';
)af-ing Trii'-
) blow r.s v.'cll
brl:>ivncls, ex-
ontrarily Sei-
in the Nig'u;
tly near too'.c
the conftant
t i on the con-
1 them in this,
iring up, thev
1 on the Co-iiL
ComtMfs ; but
thrcj or t^'-^

bfic.

lv;ni5

It comes in a fine, fmall, black Curie upon the

[Water, when as all the Sea between it and the Shore

-)[ yctreach'd by it, is as fmoothand even as Glafs

lin comparifon ; in half an Hour's rime after it has

Ireiched the Shore it fans pretty briskly, and fo in-

Icrc.ilVth gradually till Twelve a-CJock, then it is

Icommonly flrongefl", and latls fo till Two or Three

la very brifk Gale •, about Twelve at Noon it alfo

[veers off to Sea two or three Points, or more in very

fair W^T.ther. After Three a-Clock it begins to die

away again, and gradually withdraws its force till all

\\i fpent, and about Five a-Clock, fooner or latcr»

aicordirg as the Weather is, it is lulTd aficep, and

jcomes no more till the next Morning.

Thele Winds are as conflantly expedled as the

iDay in their proper Latitudes, and feldom fail but

lin the wetSeafon. On all Coalls ©f the Main, whether

in the Eaft or IVeft- Indies, or Guinea^ they rife in the

Morning, and withdraw towards the Evening,^ yet

[fiipe^and He;id-Lands have the greateft Benefit of

them,

ill

28 Of Sea and Land-Breezes.

them, where they are higheft, rife earlier, and bloi
later.

Bays contra rily have the Difad vantage, for therj
tliey blow but faintly at beft, and their continuancl
is but fliort. Iflandj that he nearefl: F-all and Weft]
have the Benefit of thefe Winds on both fides equal!
ly ; for if the Wind is at S. W. or S. W. andbvsl
on the South-fide of any Ifland, then onthtNortlil
{\i}{i it would be at N. W. or N. W. by N. ]. ,
fair Wcithcr •, but if turbulent Weather, it woulj
be E. S. E. on the South-fide, and E. N. E. oiitlij
other : But this true ^ea-Breeze does not verr fo|
fiir out, except only near the Shore, as about thred
or four Leagues diftant j for farther than that, yoyi
will lind only the right Coafling Trade- Wint!, This
I have experienced in feveral Parts of the WoilJj
particularly at Jamaica ; about which I have made
many Voyages, both on the North and the Sooth-I
fide, where I have experienced the Sea-Breezesvcryi
much to differ ; for on the South-fide 1 \\m
found the true Sea- Wind after Twelve a-Clock, and!
in very fair Weather at S. or S. S. E. though ir fprung
lip in the Morning at E, S. E. or S. E. And or ilie
North-fide I have found the Sea- Breeze at N.or N.l
N, E. though it rofe in the Morning at E. N. E. buJ
whether there may be the like ditibrence aboutj
fmaller Iflands, as at Barhadoes^ &:c. I cinnot de-
termine, though I am apt to believe there is not.|
So much for the Sea-Winds, next of \\\t Land-
Breezes.

Land-Breezes are as remarkable as any Winds
that I have yet treated of; they are quite contrary
ro the Sea-Breezcs •, for thofe blow right from tht
Jhore,hut the Sea- Breeze right in upon the fhorc; aad
as the Sea-Breczes do blow in the Day and rell ii|
the Nijxht •, fo on the contrary, thefj do blow :n ni

Night and reft in the Day,' and fo they do

'!'

lit'-

juirv

V -I

%;■'

Of Sea mid Land-Breezes,

Ltely Succeed Ccach other. For when the Sea-Breezes
ave performed their Offices of the Day, by brea-
king on their refpeaive Coafts, they in the Evening
60 either withdraw from the Coaft, or lie down to
[eft : Then the Land-Winds, whofe Office is to
brtathe in the Night, moved by the fame Order of
jivine Impulfe, do rouze out of their private Rccef-
|fes, and gently fan the Air till the n.-xt Morning *,
and then their Tafk ends, and they leave the Stage.

There can be no proper time fet when they do
tegin in the Evening, or when they retire in the
lorning, for they do not keep to an Hour -, but
fchcy commonly fpring up between fix and twelve in
|the Evening, and lafb till fix, eight or ten in the
lorning. They both come and go away again earlier
lor Iciter, according to the Weather, the Seafon of
[the Year, or fome accidental Caufe from the Land :
[For on fome Coafts they do rife earlier, blow freffier,
[and remain later than on other Coafts, as I ffiall ftiew
[hereafter.

They arc called Land-Winds, becaufe they Wow
[offfhore contrary to the Sea-Brceze, which way fo-
tver the Coaft lies : Yet I would not fo be under-
lllood, as if thefe Winds are only found to breathe
near the Shores of any Land, and not in the Inland
[Parts of fuch Countries remote from the Sea ; for
[in my Travels I have found them in the very Heart
of the Countries that I have palled through •, as par-
ticularly on the Ifthmus of Barien, and the Ifland
m Jamaica : Both which Places I have travelled over
[from Sea to Sea ; yet becaufe thefe are bu; ".rail
jTradsof Land in comparilbn with the two mam
I Bodies of Land of Mexico and Peru, and thofe vaft
! Regions in yJjia and Africa lying within the Tropicks,
I Cannot determine whether the Land-Winds are
there, as I have found them in my fmall Travels :
tnerefors I ffiali only confine this particular Dif-

courfe

WB*' *

i ' r

1" I ^

y'i

.,.^^iiii^

,1:

30 Of Sea nnd Land- Breezes,

courfc to thcfc ami orlier Places within my ownOsI
fervations. 1 iliall Ix f?;iii firll wirls the IUhm^jJ
Darirny there I have found the 1 'anJ-VVinclsin J
middle of the Country blowing all Night, r^.ndJ
ten or eleven a-Clock in the Morning, hefortlcoJ
perceive the Sea-Breczc to arife, and iliac not dlf
cernable many times, b»it by the Hying ot th^' Cloiidsl
elpecially if I was in a Valley •, and it was inVi.JlJ
that I did chiefly peiceive the I -and-winds, whjcf
blew in fome Places oneway, in others conti-;iry,ol
fide-ways to that according as the Vallicii hiy pcntuj
between the Mountains ; and that without any rej,
ped to either the North or the South-Seas, but J
deed near either fide of the Land, they always ben]
their Courfe towards the ncareft Sea, linlcfs thcrj
v»^as any Hill between them and the Sea, r.nd theij
they took their Courle along in the Vallics ; butfron
both Shores, as well from the North as the SoutiiJ
they blow right-forth into the Sea.

In the iriand of Jamaica thcfe Land-winds i\%
in the middle of the Country •, alfo I have fouii
them {o^ as I travelled from one fide of the IlLind
^/^ the other, having lain two Nights by the way, d
i had before cbferved them, when I liv'd at iixtein
Miles walk, where I continued about fix Months;
bur there and in other Iflands the Land-v/ind^ dfll
blow towards the ncareft Shores, and fo from ilunccj
ott to Sea, whether the Shores lie Eail, Wdl,|
North or South.

Thefe Winds blow off to Sea, a greater or Id^
Diftance, according as the Coaft lies more ork(sex-|
pofed to the Sea-winds : For in fome Places weiina
them brifk three or four Leagues off fliorc ; in oild
Places not fo many Miles •, and in fome Placci> tr\\
fcarce peep without tjie Rocks, or if they do Ibnie-I
times in very fair Weadier make a fally out a Mile or
two, they are not lafting, but fuddenly vanifh awavJ

Land-wind-- do

0/ Sea md Land Breezesi

llioiigli yet there arc every Night as iVelli L,and-
,/iiid.s afliorc at thole Places as in any otlier Part of
heWorki.

Places moft remarkable for the fcvvefl: or fainted
,;ind-winds, aiv thofe that lie moll open to the Com-
jmuii Trade-winds, as the Kall-cnds of any Idands
where the Tradf-winds do blow in upon the Shore,
(or the Head-Lands on Ifl.uvls or Coniinents that are
open to the Sea-Breeze, Specially where the I'rade-
wiiKlblov\s down fide-ways by tiie Coaft ; for there
fiich Fk-ad-Lands as Uretch tarthefl out to Sea are
inicrr'.xiHill'd to Winds from the Sea ; and have the
Ids Benefit of the Land-Breczes.

I iLall give a few Inilanees of cither. And firfl
o[ all begin with the N. F. and S. E. Points of the
lllind of Jamaica: Thefe Poi^r.s arc at the Eail end
0. L.u Ifland, one is at tlie very |^.\tremc of the
Norrii-fu!e towards the La(l^ tlic other on the South
Ixucmc towards the fame l^oint ; at thefe two Places
we Icldom light of »i Land-wind •, nor very often
itdic Lnd of the Iflanv! Ixtwcen them, except near
the Shore. For tlui^t K'afon the Sloop-}/ien oi Jamaica
th:iL Trade roui^ dIk* llland are commonly put to
ti.ir Trumps,, when they com.c there in their
\ayages: For if they meet no Land-wind, they are
obliged to beat about by turning to Windward a-
giiinil the Sea-Breeze in the Day time ; they then
curie rhefe Poii\Ls of Land, nnd are fooliflily apt to
bdie\ethat fonie Dcsinonhaimi^ there.

And if they are two or three Days in beating about
(as fomcdmes they are ) when they return to Port-
Rojiil, thry will talk as much of ihtir Fatigues, as
iltlKy had been beating a Month to double the Cape
cj Good Hope J though indeed the Men are brifk
enor.gh, and manage their Sloops very well i which
ail(; ire generally very good Boats to fail on a Wind.
Iinink they are the belt fmall Trading-Boats in the

^,,-:

King's Dominions.

'}!

Point

■-i

*' ;

'I'l

32 0/ *y^<« ^«rf Land-Breezes,

Point Pt'^r<7 on the South-fitlc of the Ifland
nnothcr very bad Point to double, if a ShipcJnn
from the Wcft-cnd of the Ifland i This Point rim^
out fir into the Sea, and is not only dcllitute ol
the Common Land-winds. But if then* is myl
Current fetting to Leeward , here the Sloop-ir.ei
meet it. Tlierefore they are many rimes tonm
beating about ir, than about the two former PoiJ
of the Suuth-Kaft and the North-Eal):, and notw
out bellowing fome Curfes upon it. Nay foJ
Captains of Privateers, when they have been beat
ing about ir, have Itood c:K)fe into the Point, and
fired th :ir Guns to kill the old Dcsmon that theyf^y
inhabits there to diihirb poor Seamen. I havf re-
lated thefc odd Paffagcs to fhcw how ignorant .\'b
are that cannot fee the Reafon of it. And becaufe
I am not willing to leave my Reader in the dark, 1
fhall give a few Inftances more on this Suhjc6l. The
North-lide of Jucatan, at the Entrance inrothcBay
of Ciwifrarbyy gives us anotlier Inftanre of hij
Land-winds ; and commonly where the Likl-
winds are fcanty, the Sea-Brcezcs are bur indifferent
neither. This will partly appear by what I imve
obfervcd of them on this Coait, between C^^/t'C/V;.
uch, and Cape Condrccdo, at the P'.ntrancc of the /?;;/
of Catnpeachyy which two Places are about eighty
Leagues diflant •, for there the Land trends EaftanJ|
Weft. It is a ftrcight Coaft, and lies all of it equally
expofed to the Trade-wind , which is commonly
there at E. N. E. 'J'o the \V. of thefe Places the Sea
and Land-winds do as duly fucceed each other, as
on any other Coaft, but here they are each u\ [htni
of a Baftard Kind , for the Sea-Breezes are at N.
E. by E. which is no better than a Coiill T;Jl-
wind, and the I<and-Wind is at E. S. E. or vS. L
by E. wfiereas if the Winds were as true thtir; ad
on other Couils, the Sca-Bietze would be ai N Ni-

V P!

'• -m '

^''■Vv'^fl"..;

Of Sea and Land-Breezes,

Ifomctimrs wt N. :ind the LiiiKl-Winils would be at

S. K. and S. as they arc indeed clofe under the

fejiore ', which ii they do ;u any lime come Oii'from,

(hey iire very faint. I'hc land on this Coall is low

111 even, and the Land-Winds afliorc are pretty

riic Capes on the Tcruvlm Coafl. in the South'
r, will more fully make it appear, that Head-
;.in:s ilo leldom atibrd any Land -Winds. I fhall
ily Inibinie ii* Ca'-e PcJJao^ in Lat. 8 Minutes
////), CiipcSl. Laurence^ in Lat. i d. iioiith^

am:

i Cdbe Blanco^ i

n 3 d. South. I have

pisM by them all fevcral Times and at diflcrent

plons ; yet did never find any Land-v/inds tlicre,

Itiioiit^h between theie Places there arc very good

aiid-wind.. 'i h .uiore Sliips thfit fail to the South-

,.',,/ againll tlic Breeze, mull beat it about by hard

,;l)ULU", efpeeially \[)0\\X. Cd^e Blanco, for that lie ^

iiK.. expoled than the other two: and if there h

^ny Clin enr, as commonly, the Spaniards are a long

:ik'y:ectin2: about, fometimwS a Fortnight or three

[WiL-ks ; and when tliey have fplit their iSails, whicii

foUom very good, they rim back ro Guiaqiiill

Ito mend them a2;ain. We Ibund it hard p-ettina: a-

boiit, l;io ou:

couk:

Sail

s were go

d ; and I tliink we

i work our Ships better than the Sjuiniarch ar(i
ever able to do in thofe Seas.
1 have already given levcral InRances of ficli
laces, as have no Land-winds, or at leait but very
iry ones •, I iTiall next proceed in order to Hiev/

tin

PiLTe

the ftroniiell or beft Land-winds are

h •, and then 1 (liall fptak oi' thofe Places where
jllv.rc bunvs a moderate a:id indiflerent Gale between
|bo^:; Extremes : That lb any one may judge by the

lying of tlie Land, v/h.tther it may ailord a good

b.ind-wind or no.

! H

V u II,

C c c

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0 !!fia la

1^ lU 12.2
2? 144 ■—
" US |2£

I.I

1.25 jj ..4 1^6

$h.

'>4

w^^

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

33 WIST MAIN STRICT

•^EUSTH, N.Y. I4SM

(716) •73-4503

\iv\ >.

■ 'ii: 'I' F

f.J

'i l( < ^

3? Of Sea and Land-Breezes,

The briskeft Land-winds are commonly in dec!
Bays, in great Lakes within Land, and among pre/
Ranges of fflands or fmall Keys that lye near th
Shore : I Hiall give Inftances of all thefe. And
for Bays, I fhall firft pitch on the Bay o^ Carnpeac^
which lies between Cape Condecedo and the Hisj
Land of St. Martin \ between both thefe Places tj
Land-winds are as brisk two or three Leagues off
Sea^ as in any Place that I know. In the Codi
Middle of the Bay, the Land trends from Eaft
Weft, there the Sea-Breezes are at North, and tj
Land-winds at South ; they commonly begin
blow at feven or eight a Clock in the Evening, an
continue till eight or nine the next Morning, in tj
dry Sea/on efpecially. In that Bay there is an Ifland
call'dby the EngUjh Beef- Ifland irom theMultitu^
of Bulls and Cows that inhabit it. The Smell
thefe wild Cattle is driven off to Sea, by the LirJ
winds fofrefh, that by it Mafters of Ships failing I
the Night on this Coaft have known where th^
were, and have prefently anchored that Nighc, aJ
come into the Ifland of Tri/? the next Day ; wlierl
as they would otherwife have paft farther toti
Wcftward quite out of their way, if they had nj
fmcird the itrong Scent of thefe Cattle.

So all the Bottom of the Bay of Mexico^ vti
from the High- Land of St. Martin down loLm,
Cn/z, and from thence Northerly towards the Ri\
Mtfdhifipi affords good Land-winds and Sea-breez^
The Bay of Honduras alfo, and almoft all the Coa
between it and Cape La Vela, affords the like, allo^
ing for the Capes and Points of Land, whidi
between j where it fails more or Icfs, as the PoinU^
lye more or lefs expofed to the Sea-Brcf^zcs.

So in the South-Seas, the Bays ofPanamj, Giiiqiil
Paita, &c. have their frefli Land-winds and Se
breezes. But in fome Places, as particularly
Paita, the Land-winds do not fpring up till twelj

a Cloc

Of Sea and Land-Bfeezes.

Clock in the Night, but then are always very

frcfn, and laft till feven or eight the next Morning ;

unJ they are conftant all the Year long : Whereas

I the Bay of Panama^' and alio in all the Bays and

oafts of the other, or North- fide of ylnwica al-

ady defcribcd, they are not fo conftant in the wet

m as they are in the dry.

The Bay of Campeachy will alfo afford us Inftan-

lof the Land-winds that blow in Lagunes: As for

iance, the Lagune of Tri/?, which is about nine or

Itn Leagues long and three broad, is barricadoed

omthe Sea by the Ifland of Trift. There the Land-

^ds blow in the dry Sea/on from five or fix a Clock

the Evening, till nine or ten in the Morning.

riiere are two other Lagunes lying within that, and

arted from it by low Mangrove-Land : there the

and-winds are frefher and the Sea-Breeze duller,

of a lefs Continuance, than in the Lagune of

\rl Nay, fometimes the Land-wind blows all

t)av i fo in the Lagune of Maracabo to Windward

Ufe Alta Vela, the Land-winds are very frefii

i lading. The like may be faid of the Lagune of

}ltmdla or Comana.

Sometimes in thefore-mentionediL^^««^j, theLand-
^iiids do blow for three or four Days and Nights
IDgether, fcarce fuffering the Sea-Breeze to breathe
kre ', though at the fame time the Sea-Breeze may
frclh out at Sea : and if the Sea-Breeze at fuch
i Ihould make a bold Sally into thefe Lagunes^
[would be but of a fhort Continuance. On the o-
lierHand at Capes and Head-Lands more expofcd
iSea-Breezes, the Land winds are fliyer of coming
w, than the Sea-winds are into Lagunes. Neither
b we forget the Harbour of Jamaica^ for there
re very good Land-winds. It is con^afied in on
tfidc with a long Neck of Sand, and many fmall
Ws at the Mouth of it, and within there is a

C c c 2 pretty

■^t /^i

MW:.

)i»; 'I;

': 1

VWii

I f'l

Mii : !

(^ f

36 0/ S^^ and Land-Breezes.

pretty deep Lake, in which are conftant Sea ano
i.and-winds, by which the Wherry-men run with
full fail, both to Legany or PaJJage Fort, from th^
Town and back again. They go away with the Sea
Breeze, and return with the Land-wind. Therefor)
Pafi'engcrs that have occafion to go either way, waj
tor the coming of thcfc Winds, except their Burine]
requires hafte : for then they are rowed againil thj
Breeze i and tho' the Land-winds do ibmedmei, taj
or come very late, yet the Wherries feldom llay be
yond their conRant Hours of feven or eight a Cloci
and fometimes the Land-winds do come by three
four, but when they come fo early it is commonlj
after a Tornado f iom the Land. Tliis may liiffic
as to the Land-winds in Lakes or Bays.

As to what may be fpoken concerning the Land

winds among Iflands, I Ihall only mention two PI3

ces, both of ihem in the If^e ft 'Indies *, the firil aretli

Kc\s oi' Cuba, which are Abundance of Imall Illanil

bordering on the South-fide of Cuba, reaching

length from Eaft ro Weil, or near thofc Pmiiisi

the Ifland lies, about feventy Leagues •, and in foil

Places reaching near twenty Leagues froni the fa|

Ifland. Among thefe Iflands, even from the outej

molt of them, quite home to Cuba, there arcvetf

brisk Land-winds. They fpring up early in tli

Evening, and blow late in the Morning. 1 he Ji

viaica Turtlers vifit thefe Ke'js with good Succcfs tj

Turtle all the Year lonir, and from thence bnif

mod of their Turtle wherewith the Market oi n'j

Royal is ferved. The other Iflands I fliall men!

on are the Sambaioe Iflands betwi.^t C,;/V Sdnm

and Goiden I/lvuU tlio' they are not fo lai{;c a Rani

as the Kcs.s of Cuha^ yet do they afiord very go^

Land-winds ; near as good as the Ki'\s of Cvh'

And thus mach for the Places where the bed asvv(

as where the fcantieli: or faintefl: Land-winds

Ion™

'«! t'

iii ''^

Of Sea and Land- Breezes',

found. I fliall next give fome Inllances of the Me-
dium between both Extremes.

I have already fhewn that Capes and fuch Head-
Lands AS lye out fartheft from the reft of the Shore,
are thereby moft expofed to the Sea-winds, and con-
fquendy tlie Land-winds are there much fainter
than in other Places, efpecially in deep Bays or
Lagunes within Land, or among Iflands and fmall
Keys near the Land : All which is no more than my
own Experience has tauglit mc. I fhall now fhew
how the Land-winds blow on Coafts that do lye
more level. As all Coafts have their Points and
Bendings, fo accordingly the Land-winds are frefti-
er or fainter, as you come either towards thefe
Bendings or towards intermitting Points or Head-
Lands.

I fliall give an Inftance of this by fliewing how the
Winds are on the Coaft of Coraccos. It is as ftreight
a Shore as I can pitch on, yet full of fmall Bays, di-
vidpd from each other by a like number of Ridges
of High-Land, that Ihoot forth their Heads a little
way without the Bays on each fide. There in the
Night or Morning, while the Land-wind blows, wo
find frefli Gales out of the Bays : but when we conK*
abreaft of the Head-Lands, we find it calm ; yet fee
the Breeze curling on the Water on b*^*"^ fides of us,
and fometimes get a Spurt of it to help us forward :
and havinpr recovered the Wind out of the nextBav,
we pafs by the Mouth of it prefently, till we come to
the next Head ; and there we lye becalmed as before.

Thefe Bays are not above half a Mile or a Mile
wide ', neither are the Heads much wider ; but
thefe Heads of the Ridges lying in between the
Bays, have fteep Cliffs againft the Sea -, and where-
ever I have met the like fteep Cliffs againft the
Sea, I have feldom found any Land- Winds. But
'!i ^.11 other Places where the Bays ftrike deeper in-
t'^ ihe Land, there we find the Land-winds more

C c c 3 laftin:;i;

■ V,

'I y;

: •:'jl

1 , J

J .). ,

i ■'■ h , i

l,i'

,M«;I

, lii, r '

ilk!.

i!f»?'i

'3 8 Of Sea and Land-Breezes,

lading and (Irong -, and where the Points are far-
ther out, there are (till the lefs Land-winds, and
the briflcer Sea-Breezes. For the Capes andfmaller
Points on all Shores feeni to be fo many Barricadoes
to break off the Violence of the Sea-Breezes ; for
this we always find when wp arc turning to Wind-
ward being to Leeward of a Cape, that the Breeze
is moderate, efpecially if we keep very near the
Shore ; but when once we come within a Mile, more
or lefs of the Cape and (land off tp Sea, as loon
as we get without it, we find fuch a huffing Breeze,
that fometimes wc are not able to ply againlt it, but
in the Night we find a frefh Land-wind to Lee-
ward ; tho' when we come to the Cape we find it
calm -, or perhaps fometimes meet with a Sea-wind.
The Land-Breezes on the Coaft of Guinea between
Caye ^i, Anns and Cape Palmas^ (mentioned in the fe-
cond Chapter of this Difcourfe,) are at E, blowing
brisk four Leagues off Shore : the Sea-winds tiiere
are at S. W. The Land-winds on the Coaft of Anio-
la are at E. N. E. the Sea-winds at W. S, W. thefe
are very true Winds of both kinds.

The Land-winds en the Coaft of Peru and Mex-
ico in the South-Seas, arc in moft Places right off
from the Shore, elfe the Fillier-men could never go
out to Sea, as they do, on Bark-Loggs. And as the
Land-winds are true there, fo are the Sea-Breezes
alfo •, for with the Land-wind they go out to fifli,
and return in again with the Sea-winds. In fonie
Places they ufe Seals-Skins inftead of Bark-Loggs i
they are made fo tight that no Bladder is tighter.
To thefe they have long Necks like the Neck ot a
Bladder, into which they put a Pipe and blow them
up, as we do Bladders ; two of thefe being fiilned
together, a Man fets a-ftride them, having one be-
fore and the other behind him ; and fo fits firmer
%hm in a Trooper's Saddle, His Paddle is like a

Qriarter-

Of Sea and Land-Breezes,

iQuarter-ftair, with a broad Blade at each end ;
Iwith this he ftrikes the Sea back, firll on one fide,
Ld then on the other, with each end of his Pad' .
Idle, and fo gives himlelf frefli way through the
IWater.

In the Eaft-Indies alfo there are true Sea Breezes,
liswellon the Iflands, as on the Main. On Iflands,
L at Ban! am in the Ifland Jaya^ and at jdchin in
Itlie Ifland Sumatra, and in many Places on the IQand
piJ^?;w(? : And on the Main alfo, as particularly a«
\hrt Si. George on the Coaft Coromandel, There the
|Land-winds blow right off from the Shore, and the

eawinds right in i but fometimes they come flant-
ling in J and about Chrljlmas they blow from the
In, E. or N. N. E. I found them fo when I came on
Jllic Coall, and being advifed of it by Mr. Coventry,
jiiiwhofe Sloop I then was, I fell in with the Land
p or twelve Leagues to the Northward of the
iForr, and had a brisk Northerly Sea-wind to bring
pe into the Road.

I think thefe Inflances are enough to fhew how
fele Land-winds do ufually blow in moft parts of
p World •, fliould I be very particular, 'tis not a
jlargtT Trcatife then I intend this to be, would hold
|aqi:artcr-part of it. But I have been more particu-
lar in t\iQ IFeJt' Indies and Scutb-Seas, becaufe thefe
lland-winds are ot more ufe there than in the Eaft^
\Im: For though fometimes Men in the Eaft-Li^
pdo turn againll the Mor.foons, yet they do ge-
prally tarry for them before they budge.

Indeed thefe Winds arc an extraordinary Blelllng
Itothofe that ufe the Sea in any part of the Wqrld,
phin the Tropicks •, for as the conftant Trade-
Nds do blow, there could be no failing in thefe
pas; But by the Help of the Sea and Land-
IBreezes, Ships will fail 2 or 300 Leagues •, as
Ipsmtularly from J(?^//rf;V.^, to the Laguue ot' Trifl, in

C c c 4 thf

.«;■

■m

tr ^''i '

til '

'^n

''IB. hU

5 !

40 Of Sea and Land- Breezes,

the Bay of Campcach^ ; and then back again, all a-
gaiiiil the Trade-wind •, And I think this is oncofl
the longell Voyages that is ufed of this kind. IF any]
of o\.\v'JainaicaS\oo^^ do go to Triji^ anddcTuTnto
carry their Wood to Curj/ao, then they put through
the GuJph of FloriiU.

The SNinlards alio that come from any part of tl.e
Bay of Mexico^ and arc bound to any Place to
Windward of the Ifland Citha., are wont to put
through the Giilph, and fo ftretch away to thcl
Norchw.ird, till they come clear of the Trade, and]
then lland away as flir as they pleafe to the luift-
ward i This is alfo the ufual way from Jama:ca\(\\
Rarhadors^ though fometimes they turn up by thel
Czyihhc Ill.inds, only taking the Benefit of thcfeSca]
and Tancl-winds. So alfo Ships may and do pafs
ircinPoriulYH) to Carthagena^ or to Si. Martha^ q^^A
:;ny other Place, by the help of thefe Breezes, itdie
<::ifl::nce i? not too far. So by taking the Advantage
of thcfc Winds, Sloops in the lyeJt-Jndies fail cLr
round t\-\c Ifland.', cr to any part of them, in i|
£icrt time.

h-\ the SoitthSea!: alfo the Sramanh in their Voy:
ges from PaKania to Z.'.v;^, by takinc; the Adv.int;ige|
rif thefc! Winds, do fail as high as Cape Blanco; but
la all their Voyages to the Southward of that Capr,[
they ftand quite off to Sea into the Trade. ThusI
you fee the Ufe and Advantage of them.

The Seamen that fail in Sloops or other fmall Vd-
hds in the IVefi-Indies, do know very well whcnl
they fliall meet a brisk Land-wind, by the rogsj
that hang over the Land before Night i for it isaj
cf:rt;iin fign of a good Land-wind, to ic^ a tliiciil
Vo\i Ive Hill and quiet, like Smoak over the L.inu,
not fiirring any way ; and we look out Icr rjcaj
Signs when we are plying to Windward, for it]
we lee )mj Fog over the Land, the Land-wind ^vli
*)e but tuii/i. and Ihort rlnit Ni-zjit. I'helc Signs ars|

Of Sea and Land Breezes.

I to Ic obfcrved chiefly in fair Weather : form the
wee Scafon Fogs do hang over the Land all the Day,
and it may be neither Land-wind nor Sca-Breeze (lir-
Irincr. If in the Aficrnoon alio in fair Weather, we
lie a Tornado over tlie Land, it commonly fends
us forth a frefli Land-wind.

Thefe Land-winds are very cold, and though the
&a-Brce/es are always much ftrongtr, yet thcfe are
colder by far. The Sea-Brcc7,cs indeed are very
conitortable and refrefliing -, for the hottell Time in
ail the Day is about nine, ten or eleven a Clock in
the Morning, in the Interval between both Breezes:
For ihcn it is commonly calm, and then People
pant for Breath, efpecial'v if it is late before the
!;ea-Breeze comes, but aftci 'ards the Breeze allays
the Heat. However, in the Evening again after
th'j Sca-Breeze is fpenc, it is very hot till the Land-
wind fprings up, which is fometimes not till twelve
I Clock or after.

For tiiis Reafon Men when they go to Bed un-
fiouh themfelves and lye without any thmg over
tliem : Nay, the ordinary fort of People iprcad
MdCs at their Doors, or elfe in their Yards, in Ja-
m:cii, aixl lye down tofleep in the open Air.

la the EaU- Indies at Fori St. Gc'oixr. alfo Men
itke their Cotts or little Field-Beds, and put tlvein
ir.to tiie Yards, and go to deep in the Air : And
b'Tien aboard Sliips in thefe hot Countries lye on the
Deck, till the 1 ,aiid-wind comes.

The Inhabitants of Jamaica or Fori: St. George^
have lomevvhat to cover themfelves when the Land-
vind conies, b-fide a Pillow on their Br'!nit, or be-
tween their Arms. Bat Seamen who have wroughr
li^rd all Day lye naked and expofed to the Air. it
may be all Night long, before they awake, witli-
0'.!C ;;ny Covering, efpecialiV if they have had their
Dole of Punch. But next Morning they are fcaics

able

■ j;

"^i Of Sea and Land-Breezes.

able to budge, being ftifF with cold that bringii
thcin to Fluxes, and that to their Jravesi and
this is the Fate of many ftout and brave Seamen :
and it is a great Pity that Mafters of Ships have fo
little Regard for their Men, as not by fome good
Orders, to prohibit this dangerous Cuftom of lyinij
abroad and naked in the Nights.

■'■A .\\i{'A

C HAP.

CHAP. V.

^iUndwinds and Sea-Breezes, peculiar to
fome Coafts at fome f articular Seafons of the
Jfrnr ; as alfo of fome fVinds that produce
}mge Effe6fs.

l\the Summafenta- Winds in the Bay of Cam-
' peachy. Of the Winds peculiar to the Coafts
cf Carthagena. PVtnds on the Mexican
to'^fls, call'd Popogaios. Others on the Coaft
of Coromandcl, caltd Tcrrenos ; The fame
akut Malabar, but at a different Seafon: As
filfo in the Perfian Gulph. And of the Hcr-
nutans on the Coaft of Guinea.

'5hall begin with the Summafenta-tVlndSy as they
' are called, which blow in the Bay of Campeacby.
Mi are Winds that come in the Months of
fe'7/f?ry, March and April, and they blow only in
jiat Bay between the High-Land of St. Martin and
r^Smdececlo ; which Places are about 120 Leagues
[under. They are, properly fpeaking, neither Sea-
Ireezes nor true Land-winds, yet in Refpedt of
leir blowing in fome Meafure from the Shore, they
kin that fomewhat of kin to the Land-winds.
[Iiefe Winds are commonly at E. S. E. in the Cod or
Mdle of the Bay where the Land lies E. and W.
"tl the true Land-winds there are at S. S. E. but
[om thence towards Cape Condecedo, the Land trends
»iy N. E. and N. N. E. and N. So that they ht-
»"ne Land-winds there refpedting the Land from
fiience they blow ; but then they differ both from
and Land-Breezes in Refpedt to their Duration :
Y^kk Summafenta-JVinds blow three or four Days,

fonietimes

:• ^ iii

!;' t

•irl

III ^B VBU«

1
i

IW ^B ■ bBIe it

I'HIIICiS

44 Of IVinds peculiar to Jome Coajls^ &c.

fomctimes a Week, boih Night and Day before th
ccafc. They are comi.ionly dry Winds and blowi
ry frcdi, and Ships thac go from TV/// with Logwo
at the Time when thcfc Winds blow, will be at Cij
'Condecedo in three or frtur Days ; whereas if thcyi
at any other Time, it will take up eight or ten Daj
tho* feldom more than that : ror here are gc
Land-winds and Sca-Breezcs at other tim(.s.

Thelc Winds are commonly colder than the
winds, though not fo cold as the Land-winds,
ftrongcr than either. I never could perceive ij
thcfe Winds did make any Alteration on our Be
different from other Winds, But the Tides wn
thcfe Winds blow on that Coaft, are very fmali
pccially in the Lagunes of I'riji : fo that the Lc
wood-iBarks that bring the Wood aboard of
Ships, arc then forced to lye ftill for want of Wa
to float them over fome Flats in the Lagunes.

On the Coafl: of Cartbagcna there are a pcciilj
fort of Winds that blow in the Months of A^ml, ^
and Jurtefo very fierce, that Ships are not ahle to[
to Windward on that Coafl while thtfe Winds la
Thefe Winds blow about forty or fifty LLagur)
Windward of Carthagena Town, and about trnl
Leeward of it. They are very fierce from the Mj
die of the Channel between it and Hifpanda^
fo continue almofl: to the Coaft of Cartlmgtvui. 11
they are fometimes a little fainter within two ordiil
Leagues of the Shore, efpecially Mornini^s ^1
Evenings. They commonly rife in the Morning
fore Day, fometimes at 3 or 4 a Clock, andl
continue till 9, 10 or 11 at Night, and thus t'r
will blow 10 or ti Days together very fiercely.
this Time the Land-winds befides their fhort Con
nuance are very faint and blow but a little way
Shore : So that from 10 or 11 at Night till 3 in
Morning 'tis quite calm and not one Breath!
Wind from a League diftant off the Shore , t!)Ol

mnV

Of JVmds peculiar to fomc Coafts, &cJ

4 further off youMI Find the Brcr/c, aiul ncnrcr a
Land-v/ind. ThcCc Winds arc at V.. N. \\. as
ic common Tr.idc is j whcrcus liic SLU-Brcezcs .irc
rN.E. by N.or N. N. 1'..

While thcfc fierce Winds (lay, the Sky is com-
inonly clear without any Cloud to be Icen \ iho'
liioubtlel's 'tis imperceptibly hazy, lor then the Sun
does not give a true black Shade on the Ground, buc
ytrvtiiinl and dusky. The Morizon too looks very
ksky, thick and hazy, and v/lule the Sun is near the
Hori/.on, either in the Morning!, or Kvcning, it looks
very fd. Sometimes, tho' but leUlom, when ihefe
fcls blow the Sky is over-caft with Imall Clouds,
which atlord Ibme diizhng fmall Rain. But though
tklc Winds are lb fi'v-rcc on the Co.ill ot (.lnrlb(iiie'
M, yet both to Windward and to i.eeward at the
diftances before-mentioned, the Breezes blow mo-
derate as at other 'limes. For the Sea and Land-
winds do there keep their conltant and regular
Courfes. Neither are the Coafts of Uifpan'iola or
]miii:a troubled with thefc fierce Winds, any near-
trthan half Channel over as was fliid before.

It has not been my Fortune to have been on this
Coall when thefe Winds have blown, yet I have had
the Relation of it fo often, and from fo many Perfons,
t'liac I am very well iatisficd of the Truth of it : Nay,
it is fo generally known among the 7^;«rii:\'Z Seamen
and Privateers that they call a 'lalkaiivc Pc--fon in De-
rifion, a Cartba^^dHd-Brcrz^. I remember tw-o or three
Men that went by that Name, and I knew them by
no other, rho' I was in the fame Ship with them fc-
veral Montlis.

Some of our Rn^'ij}) Frigots that have been fent to
)mma have experienced thcfe Breezes when the
Govern Dui has fenc them upon Bufinefs to th.at Coall :
For plying between Pornucllo andCnribagejid, when
tficyhave been within lo Leagues of 6'^;7/j^^i';/(Y, they
iw^c mcr wii!\ the Sea- Breeze fu ilrong that they

have

il:

fin

.''I

A : "1 ■

'46 0/ fTinds peculiar to fame Coafis, 5cc.

have been forced to rifF their Topfail, which even
then they could not mdntain, but havv been oblicrei
to furl it quite up ; and fo with only their lowej
Sails, which fometimes they have been forced to riti
too, have been beating eight or ten Days, to get on^
ly fo many Leagues ; which tho* at lall they have
done, yet has it been with much Trouble, and noil
without Damage to their Sails and Rigging. Neither
can I forget a Squadron of French Frigots, command]
ed by the Count de EJlrees^ that came to Jamam\
and demanded leave of the Governour to wood
and water there *, which becaufe it feemed ftrangc
that they fliould want in coming only from ?iu\
Guavas -, it was demanded of them why tiiey came
from thence fc ill provided ? They faid they went
from Petit Guavas over to the Coaft of Cartha^enn
with a Defign to have plyed to Wind-warH undei
that Shore, but met the Breezes fo hard on ihe CoallJ
that they were not able to hold up their fides againll
it, and for that Reafon flood back again towards
Petit Guavas •, but not being able to fetch it, there-l
fore they came to wood and v/ater at Jamaica^ de-j
figning to go from thence thro' the Gulph : And
tho' the Pilots of Jamaica did all conclude that the
Breeze-time was paft by more than a Month, yet the
Governour gave them leave to wood and water aC
Blewfields Bay^ and fent one Mr. Stone to be their
Pilot thither. This was in 1 679 and in one of our Sum-
mer Months, but I can'r tell which, tho' I was there.l
In the South-Seas on the Mexican Coaft, betweenj
Cape Bianco in the Lat. of 9 D. 56 M. North andj
Reakja, in Lat. 1 1 North, which two Places are a-j
bout 80 Leagues Diftance, there are Winds which!
blow only in the Months oi'May, June, and7«/3',call'dj
by the Spaniards Popogaios. They blow Night andl
Day without Intcrmiffion, fometimes 3 or 4 Days orl
a Week together. They are very brisk Winds, butj

not violent : I have been in one of them when we

wen!!

•isiinvA?

Of Winds peculiar to fome CoaftSy &c.'

jent from Caldera Bay, bound to Reakja mentioned
my Voyage round the World, Chap, 5. Pag.
jiS!. which blew at North.

In the Eajl-Indies on the Coafl: of Coroj?iandel^ there
U Winds caird by the Portuguefe Terenos^ becaufe
Lyblow from the Land. Thefe are not thofe
Lnd-Winds that I have already treated of i for
[iiefe blow only in June, Jul) and Augujl, and are in
feveral refpedls quite contrary to them. For where-
ithe true Land-Winds blow only in the Night, in-
Icluding Evenings and Mornings ; on the contrary,
liefe blow 3 or 4 Days without intermiffion ; nay
lometimes a Week or i o Days together : and as the
tue Nodurnal Land- Winds are very cold, on the
Jtontrary thefe are the hotteft of all Winds I ever
(kaid of: They come with hot Blooms, fuch as I
lave mentioned in my Voyage round the World,
[hap. 20. Pag. 530. Thefe Winds are at Weft, and
hey blow only in the Months of June, July and Au^
[iif, which is the Weft MoufoGn-Seafon, tho' the
proper Monfoon then on this Coaft is S. W. When
Jthefe hot Winds come, the better fort of People at
JFort St. Gfor^f keep clofe : They alfo Ihut up their
[Windows and Doors to keep them out ; and I have
jbrd Gentlemen that lived there fiiy, that when they
jbcbeen thus fhut up within Doors, they have been
Ifenfiblc when the Wind fliifted by the Change they
jbve felt in their Bodies. And notwithftanding
thefe Winds are fo hot, yet the Inhabitants
Idon't fweat while they laft, for their Skins are
prdand rough, as if they had been parched by
ItlieFire, efp.cially their Faces and Hands, yet does
pot make n.cm fick. The Sands which are raifed
h thefe Winds are a great annoyance to thofe
pbfe bufinefs lyes abroad, and who can*t keep
pir Houfes. For many times rhey wheel about
|jitl raife the Sands fo thick, that it flies like
P'^'ik in Peoples Eyes ; and the Ships alfo

that

•"!■

' ' I ' i

«•«:. I

. ' I'

f.;

:||:

r'l^;

H I' I

t I'^i 'M' l*f

4S 0/ Pf^inds peculiar to fame Coafts, &c.

that lye in the road at that time have their Dccki
covered with this Sand.

On the Coaft of Malabar they have of thcfc fortj
of Winds alfo, but not at the fame time of thJ
Year. For as thefe on the Coaft of Coroimn-A
blow in the Months of June, July and Aiiiuf\
when the Weft Mofjfoon reigns -, on the contrary
on the Malabar Coaft they blow in the Monthj
of December, Jan ir'j and February, when the tad
or North-Eaft Monfoon blows : for then th(
Eafterly Wind, which is then the true Monj'/A
fromes from over the Land of this Coaft
This being the Weft- fide, as the Coaft of O^rii
mandel is the Eaft-fidc of this long Eafl-ldu\
Promontory.

The Perfian Gulph is as remarkable for the(|
hot Winds as citlier of the former •, they comj
there in the Months of June, July and Ai'iuj^-
the Weft Monfoon time ; and tlie heat there bj
all Accounts does by lar exceed that on the othej
two Coafts.

The European Merchants that arc imployed id
the Ports within the King of Perfia\ Domini!
ons, do leave their Coaft, Habitations and ?i'M
nefs there, during thefe hot Months, and fpcndthcij
time at Ifpahan till the Air is more agreeable tf
their Bodies -, but their Servants muft in lurj
it. And if any Ships are there, then the Scairi^i
alfo muft do as well as they can. *Tis rcportej
the Commar^ders do keep Bathing-Trough) h.
of Water to lye and wallow in, and hide theij
Bodies from the noifom hot Bloonr^. I ^va
never in any of thefe hot Winds, lor I ^^^
from Port St. George before they came on wl

Coaft.

of Winds peculiar to fame Coafit,

On the 'Coaft of Guinea there are a particular
,rc of Land-winds, which are very remarkable ;
jorfor their Heat, as thofe Jaft-mentioned, but for
ihiir exceeding Cold and fearcliing Nature. They
ire called Uarmatans, I have had an Account of
lem from feveral who have traded to Guinea ; but
lOrc efpccially from a very fenfible and experienced
lendeman, Mr. Greenbill^ Commiffioner of His
ijefty*s Navy at Portfmoulh ; who upon my Re-
\id, was pleafed to fend me the following Ac-
ount : which the Reader cannot have better than
jhisown Words. Where, together with the Har"
u'M, he gives an Account alfo of all the Winds
in chat Coalt.

Mr. G R E E N H I L Ls Lcttcr.

IR,

Have been very ill fince my return Home vAth the

Gmt i fo that I have not been capable of anfwer^

\ )our Expeltation : But beir.g a little better reco-

md, I jhall make as gocd a Return to your Enquiry

Ifj ihtf Harniatans on the Coajl of Guinea, as my

pnumjlana's will permit, '^the ufual '^lime of their

mng is bdtiv.'en the latter part of December, and

\k beginning of February ; before and beyond which

'ifjnSy they never exceed. 'They are of fo very

Wi, /harp and piercing a Nature^ that the Seams

i( the Floors of our Chambers and the Sides and

hb of our Ships (as far as they are above fVater)

hiill open fo wide^ as that with Facility you may put

\i Zaulkiyig-Iron a confiderable way into them j itt

mkb Condition they continue fo long as the Harnia-

Itan blows^ ( which is fomctimes two or three, and

htr'j rarely five Days, which is the very utmofl I ever

Wsrved or h^ard of) and when they are gone, they

W^ again and are as tight as if it never had been^

y^t Natives * the?fifelves and all Per funs who inhabit

Vol. IL " D dd thofi

I ^-

i!'

^1 1-

■.. !!

„ i

■ -I' 'If.'

^50 0/ fTfnds peculiar to fonte Coajls, &c.

tbofe parts (during thatjhort Seafon) to prevent tht\
pernicious Effe5i5^ are obliged to confine themfdvi
within Doors \ where they endeavour their own 1
curity , by rendering their Habitations as cloj'e uV
impenetrable as pojjible : Neither will they once jl]
abroad, unlefs induced thereto by a more than om
nary Occafion. It is as dejlru5live to the Cattle am
whoje fafe Guard confijls in their Proprietors Carl
who againft this Seafon ought to provide fome hi
like place for them : Otherwife they mufl expeH h^
a pitiful Account when the \Seafon is over •, fur
mofi certainly dejlroys them, and that in a vcrj jhd
time,

This I accidentally experimented by expnfnig a cm\
of Goats to the Afperity thereof-, which in four Um
Space or thereabouts, were deprived of Life, AJ
we our felves ( iiriLfs affifled by the like Cfjirjmm
and the benefit of fome fweet Oyls to correct the Ai\
cannot fetch our Breath Jo feely as at other timm
but are almojl fuffocatcd with too frequent an
.Acid Refpirations. They generally blow betv:cen tl
£. and E. N, E. to the Northward of which tbit
never exceed, being the niofl fettled and ftc^dj [h!\
frefh) Gales I ever ohfervcd •, co?ning without Thuiih
Lightning or Rain\ but clofe gloomy IVeathcr; l^\
Sun not fhining all the time : And when thc^ extiii
the Trade-wind (which conflantly blows on thai Cm|
atW.S,W. andS.W.) returns with the accuflmiir\
feafonablenefs of IVeather,

The Coaft of Africa from Cape Palmas to CipJ
Formofa, lies E. and E. by N. and near thryfe Poinli
the Land Breezes blow on that Coaft, which commonly
begin about feven in the Evening.^ and conimue m
Niiht, till near that time the next Mornini: BuriH
which interval, we are troubled with jVnikini rm
and Mifls off Shore, which by renirri of the M
Breezes upon the oppofite Points are all driven aii-'^^J '

prevent tha

''"^ _ themfeivi

their own

fis cloj'e

ihey once ^^

\^re than on

f! Cattle (ilfo

frieton Cm

vide fome fu^

^ft expeB h

over ; fur

in averjfic^

^poftng a mt\
Jy in four Hour

of Lfe. Nai
Uike ConvcnmX
\orrcot the Ai\
at other tims
frequmt ni
\ow betivem tl
of zubich th([
and flcdd] '}n\
vitbottt Thunh
y Weather \ th
hen the^ expin
vs on that Coaj
the accujlbimw

i'almas to Qpd

'ar thofe Polnli
ivbich commonly
ir.d continue (il\

[ornii,[7. •' Dami
'j Jliuking fd
Tfi of the Scfi^
I driven (iKflj

Of Winds peculiar to fome Coafts,

m have the benefit of them, in a curious frejh
\\i^ till about 5 in the Afternoon »
jind here let me note it for a general Obfervation^
i in thefe and all other Places within the Tropich
iijaras ever I took Notice ) the Wind is drawn by the
For if an Jfland or Head-Land, were indi-
w /(? a circular Form, the Sea and Land-Breezes fall
iimetrically ^oppofite to that part where you are.
that if you are on the Soiith-fide, the Sea-Breeze
nil be at South, and the Land-Breeze (when it comes
!/i Seafon) at North.

h letting on the Coaft, we indeavour to fall in with
!ape Mount or Cape Miferada, which is about 1 8
<4ouss to the E. S. Eafiward thereof', and after that
double Cape Pal mas {whence as aforejaid, the
d trends away E. by N.) the Current near the Jhore
ii upcft that Point down into the Bite. But in get-
wg of^ we as much attempt (if poffible) to lay hold of
It, Thomas •, and thence to run to the Southward of
fLine, perhaps 3 or \ Degrees -, for the further Sou-
^trlyjoego, the fir onger we find the Gales, and more
'njcml for getting off the African Coaft ; but thofe
h keep to the Northivard thereof, generally meet

more Calms ; and confequently longer Voyages
In or about thofe Latitudes we continue, till
f ure got between 25 and 30 Degrees to the Weft'
'id of Cape Lopez de Gonfalvo, and then we

again to go either for England or the Weft-
lies- But by the way let me obferve to you, that
'in once we are to the Weftward of the faid Cape,
'd in South Latitude, the Current fets Northerly,
m the Wind to 20 Degrees of Latitude, is at E.
.£. as {to the like number of Degrees) on the
^'^rth-fide of the Line it blows at E. N, E. Nei^
^^('f did J ever obferve' any Mutation of the Cur-
f'':-', unlefs in the Tornado-Seafon, when during
Wtr blowing , they commonly fet to Wind-ward ',
w' perhfips the Moon upon Full and Change, may

D d d 2 have

I '

• '!' t

I I ' 1 I

,'.' i

l^lJfi'

1'' f i 1

&ii/»

iv^':,-' ' '1 11';

ml ii

Sv ;

^'l'.

;■?>,

!■

^^^^1^.

*»lill;;'i:! i

i»i r

*•?

I'. 1 1!

'51 0/ Winds peculiar to fome Qoafts, 3cc.

ib^w the like Influence there, as in other Places •, but
never took any particular notice thereof.

^he faid Tornadoes ufually come in the Bcgimni
of April, and feldom relinquijh the Gold Coaft tlllU
ly commences^ and with frequent Vifits make us fM
! of their Qualities. IVe have fometifnes three or /4
in a day \ but then their Continuance is but Jhon\
perhaps not above two Hours , and the Strength 0]
Fury ( it may be ) about a quarter or half an Hour \
but accompanied with prodigious Thunder, Lightnk
and Rain ; and the Violence of the Wind fo extnior{
dinary, as that it has fometimes rolled up the ha
wherewith the Houfes are covered, as clofi and con
pa^lyy as poffible it could be done by the Art of Mm
'■The Name implies a Variety of Winds: But tl\
Strength of them is generally at S, E. and by Sti^
that are bound off the Coajl^ they are made uje
to get to Windward.

I /hall conclude with that moft worthy Ohfermim
of the Seafon wherein the Raifis begin *, which on th
Gold Coaft is about the lOth of April and this mai
he generally remarked, from i^ d, N. to i^ d, Sout\
Latitude^ that they follow the Sun within ^ or 6^
And fo proceed with him till }>e has touched i\
Tropick, and returns to the like Station again. Tii)^
/ Jhall iliuftrate by the following Example, viz. Cap
Corfo Cajlle lies in 4 i. ^^ North. About the icJ
of April the Sun has near 1 2 degrees N. ^edmitiof
At that Time the Rains begin, and continue with il
Inhabitants of that Place, untill he has performed /^
Courfe to the greateft Obliquity from off the Equatat
and returned to the like Pofitio:: '^outh. The fme
fuppofe may be obferved, and un<Li'Jlood of other Pit
€ct within the Tropicks.

of f Finds peculiar to jome Coajls, &c. 5 3

^he Variation ( of which in the Tear 1680. /

%de frequent Ohfervations ) was 2d, 14. m. JVefler-
h: Ami it gi'neraliy flows at the aforefaid place S. S. E.
\itii N. M. fV, upon the Full and Change. The
filter rifing upon Spring Tides about fix or Ceven
hot up and down. 1 remain.

Sir,
Your Humble Servant,

Henr'j GreenhilL

From his Mijefly'a
ill J, neir fortf-
tntnih, 'June the
jth, 1658. I J •;£•

■^'prr [■.■ .

Upon the Receipt of this from the Gentleman a-
forcfaid, I wrote to him again, to have his Opini-
on about what I have faid concerning the particular
Longitude, in which 'tis beft to crofs the Line, in

ooing from Guinea to the JVefi- Indies : And fo much
i of his Anfwer as concerns this Matter was in thefe

Words.

Mr. G R E E N K I L l's fccond Letter.

'■ I f

"\^'

"I- '

Sir,

Ido not diffent from Crofftng the Line at 35 or ^6
i Longitude^ JVeftward of Cape Lopes, and it
mj as well be done at 30 provided the Breezes conti-
nm fre/h. But if we have but little Winds, we ge-
fimllj run on the South-fide of the Line, //'// we
nacb the diftance IVefl : And then crofftng we fleer
■mj Wefi North 'iVefl, and Wefi by North for
Barbadoes.

And this you may obferve, (as I have already hinted
'^ p«, ) that the further we keep to the South-

Ddd 3

ivard

■m .

■i '

-m

-i

I'M \^'

1 . I • '

'J .it

Is'' / ■' T'

I-

^4 0/ i^»rfj peculiar to fome Coafts.

ward of the Line, the frcjher^ and confequeKth J
advantageous the Breezes are, ' ^

I remain Sir,

Your obliged Friend,

And mod humble Servant,

Henry Grcenhill.

And here I judge it will not be unacceptable
the Reader to infert two other Letters from an Ei
perienced Captain of a Ship, becaufe they have
general Relation to the Subjedl I am now upon,
well as to the Coafl: of Guinea in particular.

Part of two Letters from Captain John Covant
Portbury, to a Gentleman in London.

L E T T E R L

Honoured S i r.

Have fent Mr. Dampier's Book^ which jou wtt,

f leafed to fend me^ to Captain S I hx)^

gone through tt^ and find- it very well worth m^ Hm
being very delightfome^ and I believe true.

I have made fome Remarks on ity as having fan
the like of what he ajferts^ in other places. As p. 6j
mention is made of the Sucking-Fifh, or Remora [i
Mr. Dampier calls it. ) Thefe are mighty plcnt)
the Coafi of Angola and at Madagafcar, and kfM
Cape Lopes de Gonfalvas and the River Gabon. I'tt
arefhapedas he defcribes them.

As to what he faith ^ p. 73, I have found theMm
in the Gulph <?/ Florida, offering falfe A.mbergKect ti
fale, and particularly in Lat. 25 J. where inthelm
16^'^. feveral of our Men were cheated with it,

ivui

Of PFinds peculiar to fome Coafts^ &c.

iVbat Mr, Dampier faith of the Lazinefs of the
P(opie of Mindanao, p. 326. the very fame may be
[S of the People of Loango on the Coaft of Guinea
tutll'j.

Mr manner of Worfhip^ mentioned p. 338. /; the
i'lr-j fame with what I have feen at Algier, on the
Godjlof Barbary.

Jbe NoSiurnal Dancings ufed by the Hottantotts
iU the Cape of good Hope every Full and I^ew
Uoon^ p. 541. are alfo prattifedby the Inhabitants of
Loango, Molinbo and Cabendo.

/ Jljail give you the trouble of a fmall Relation of
aPajfage /o Loango in the 2 ear 1003. fVhen we
came fo far to the Southward as id. 4.0 ?n. N. Lat,
fl«^8J. 25W. Longi, Weftward /row /^^ Meridian
cf Lundi, it being ^ift of March, we had fmall Wind
at S. S. W, and S. W. with powers of Rain, There we
mt with prodigious fijoals of Fifh^ confifling chiefly
cf Albicores and Bonetocs. There were alfo great
mmhers of Sharks •,, fome 10 or 12 foot long. For
iherfion we catched f,bove 100 of them at times.
the other Fifh we took as we had Occafton^ frefh and
frefh : and one day we caught a Barrel of them with
mpty Hooks. Thefe fhoals of Fifh kept us Companj
till we were under the Equator in Long. 4 ^. 3 m.
laflward of the Meridian of Lundy. This was
April ly. we had the IVinds at S. E. and S. E. by E,
frefh Gales and clear Weather^ but a mighty Leeward
Current. At the Fifhes parting with us that Day^ I
caught an Albicore that weighed 75 J. // is a mighty
firong Fifh^ fo that the Fifhing-Craft mufl be very fir ong
to take them.

T^heQxiy of Loango I find to lyeinLat. 4^. ^om,
S. and Longi. it d. S m. Eaflwardfrom the Meridian
cf Lundy : from, whence I took my departure^ bound
/or Jamaica, Oft. 7. 1693.

IVhen we find the PVinds South, S. by Pf. and S. S. /T.
[reJJj Gales j vesrahle to S. W. and back to South, we

D d d 4 Jiand

r '

"i
. :l I

^' :•■•

"1 ,

1^^-J.I. .

'"'*'lf

I ■If! '

' .

I ■'"

$6 Of IVinds peculiar to (ome Coafts, &c.

jiand. off to the IVeJiward . with Larboard 'Tacks en
Board, till we get 1 4 d. Long, to the IVcjlward of
Loango. And there we Jiml the IVinds veerabk
from S. S. E. to S. E. frejh Gales. tVhen ive m
34 d. to the H^eftward of Loango, we are than 16 i
IJ/tjiward from the Meridian &/ Lundy : ami t ben
we find the IVinds veerable from S. E. by E. to E.
by S. and Eafl : and fo they continue blowing frcjh m
wc will ftill run to the fVejlward betvjeen the Lnt.
of 3 and 4 d. South, till we tnake the JJland Fernan-
cie Noronlio, which I find to lye in Lat. 3 d. 54/;;.
30 /. South. And by the Experience of tzoo Voyi^n
have found its Long. 40 ^. 59 m. tVeftwiird fmii
Loango, and Z2 d, 51 m. from the Meridian o/Lun-
dy. This Ifland appears with a very high Pyramid,
And when we come clofe to it, the Pyramid looks like d
large Cathedral. On the N, W. fide is a fmall Baj to
anchor in. Bui Ships mtift come pretty near the Skre^
hecaufe it is deep Water. Here is Plenty of Fljh. Aid
on the Ifland is fome frefh Water, and low Shrubs of
Trees. We could fee no living Creature^ on it hut Do^u
It was formerly inhabited by ^^f Portuguele, bid tk
Dutch having then War with the?n, took it, aiid car-
ried the Portuguefe all away. The Body of the IjUnd
J judge to be about 4 Miles long, lying N, E. and S. W.
near on the North-fide are fome Rocks, pretty bi^b
above Water ; and fnany Birds, as Sea-Gulls and
Man-of- War-Birds ( which are fometh'ing lik^ our
Kites in England ) I find the Current fits ft rong to the
N. W. The Variation very little. From thence I
fleered N.W. with frefh Gales S.E. and at E.S.E.
in order to crofs the Equator, and defigning to make
the Ifland Tobago : which by my Run from tk afore-
faid Ifland, I find to lye in Lat. it d. 33 ;». ^^orth
Long. Wejlward of Fernando, 28 ^. 19 »z. tV- ^^•'^
Meridian <:///?^«f<? /row Fernando, i y 21' Miles rr- ^^^
ly my Reckoning or fournal Toh^LQO- is .Weft from

the Meridian of the Ifle of Lundy 51 d. 10 w. tV.

(mI;

of J'Finds peculiar to fome Coajls, &.<•;

;j/; Paffagchitwccn the faitl IJlands 'wc find Jlrange

p'^ and Cockling Seas ^ ready to leap in upon the

if! Deck i which makes us think the Current to be

•fi;nt: Ami it feems to be orcajioned by the great

fcrontbe main Land \ which is not Jar from tts

ii; this Pdffagc, Tobago is an high //land with a

M.v j(if^dy Say on the S. IV. fide^ where the Dutch

^i formerly a great Fort, till molejicd by the Englifh

j, lii Idft Dutch fVar. From this Ijland I Ihaped m'j

'mfe for Jamaica, and found theN. E, Corner to lye

Ul. 1 8 d. North \ and in Long. JVeft from T07

go ij d. The Meridian di fiance from Tobago

749 Miles Weft, In our -paffage we faw no Land

r IjliVidy till we made the A'. E. end of Jamaica :

lynh in Long^. IVef. from the Meridian of Lun-

64 i. 10 m. and JVeft from the City of Loango

li \%m. Ifhall only add that I am of Opinion that

i^Gallopagos I/lands do lye a great deal further to the

'ijhard than our Hydrographers do place them, ac-

fhids Mr. Dampier hints, p. 100 of bis Voyage

:oiind the World.

lam.
Sir,

,,,,,0/;,*. Your moft humble Servant, •

John Covant.

m of a fecond Letter from Captain Covant ;
dated from Briftol, Decemb. 10. 1697.

LETTER II.

IR,

Ours of the 6th Inftant came to my Hands, with
the inclofed Queries, which I fhall endeavour to
wm in part, as far as my memory will affift me,
m now from home, and at a diftancefrofn ?ny Jour-

Anfwers

1^ 111

k>f

■"■■■ '

I !l

j I

r I

j 4 Of Winds peculiar to fome Coafls, ^c.

Anfwcrs to the Queries.

1 . ^e common Trade- Winds on the Coafi of ^j

?ola, blow from the S, IV, to Souths till about \i\
\ong.from the Meridian of the IJle of Lundy.

2. / have found them always in the fame ^luartt\
and not fubje5l tofhift in all the Time t have ujed ij
Coaftj except that at a fmall Dijiance of the Sk
they are fometimes a Point more to the Weftward.

3. The Dry Seafon on this Coafi I obferved to
from the latter end of April to September •, tbo' jm
times intermixed with fome pleafant Showers of Rul
J cannot be fo punctual as to the Time of tk W
Seafons.

■r 4. The true Sca-Brceze / have commonly found Id
to be from IV. S. PV. to IV, by S. if it be fair Wmh\
and the Land-Breeze is at E. by iV. But if a Torn
do happens^ it caufes the Winds to fhift all round
Compafsy and at lajl it fettles at S. fV, which is tkf^
met true Trade-Wind.

.1 f '<

I am yours
John Coim.

r:)r '. ■

^■^ 'J^ *•' *v

CHA

<tvi'i..

V - liv;;

C H A p. VL
Of Storms,

r ' •
.1

\Storms left frequent ^ but more fierce between the
Tropicks, Trefages of their coming of Norths y
the Times and 'Places where they blow : Signs
of their Approach : N. Banks. A Chocolatta
mrth. A North beneficial to Ships going
from Campcachy to Jamaica. A very uncom-
mn way of wearing a Ship in a North. Of
Souths i the Times and T laces where they blow,
A T)efcription of a South at Jamaica, ayid at
the Bay of Campcachy: Much I' i^ kill' d by
that ^t or m, OJ Hurricanes. AT^efcriptiin
of a terrible one at Antcgoa, where Abun-
dance of Fifh and Sea- Fowls were deflroyed
if) it. The difference between North Banks y
and the Clouds before an Hurricane : the lat-
ter adorned with radiant Colours. Tujfoons
m the Eaft-Indies the fame with Hurricanes
in the Weft- Of Monfoons in the Eaft- Indies.
A Storm called by the Portugucfe, the Elc-
phanta, which is the violent eft Monfoon of
that Seafon,

CTorms within the Tropicks are generally
^ known to us by fome Name or other, to di-
ftinguifh them from other common Winds : and
though Storms are not fo frequent there, as they are
in Latitudes nearer the Poles ; yet are they never-
thelcfs expefted yearly in their proper Months ; and
when they do come, they blow exceeding fierce,

though

lift

' I

I < I

%A\

•in.

fi'fe.

M ^^fe i -l

f l'i-»;

'■ t

i'l'-i'^

'ii:

60 0/ Storms^

though indeed fome Years they do not come at all
or at leaft do not blow with that Fiercenefs as J
other times. And as thefe Winds are commonl)
very fierce, fo are they but of a Ihort ContinuanJ
in. Comparifon with Storms that we meet with
higher Latitudes.

In the fVefl' Mies there are three forts, viz. Northl
Souths and Hurricanes : In the Eaft-hdies there ai
only two forts, viz. Monfoons and 'Tuffoons. ' ^

All thefe forts of violent Storms, except thl

Norths, are cxj efted near one time of the Yearf

and this is taken notice of by thofe that have been ill

any of them -, that they give certain Prefages oft

being at hand, feveral Hours before they cornel

Norths are violent Winds, that frequently blow iij

the Ba'j of Mexico from Oofoher till March : Thej

are chiefly expedled near the Full or Change of th3

Moon, all that Time of the Year, but they arj

moft violent in December and January. Thefe Windj

are not confined to the Bay of Mexico only, but therd

they are moft frequent, and Rage with the gteateH

Violence. They blow on the North-fide of C/i^ave-i

ry fierce too, and in the Gulph of Florida •, as alfc

about Hifpaniola, Jamaica^ &c. and in the ChaDnel]

between Jama'ca and Portahel -, and in all the JViji-

Indian Sea between the Iflands and the Main as high!

as the Ifland Trinidado. But from JamaicaE^LikmRU

except on the North- fide of the Ifland HifpmohA

they blow no harder than a pretty brisk SeaV/ind.

They are here at W. N. W. or N. W. though in

the Bay of Mexico they blow ftrongeft at N. N.W.

and this is the Seafon of Wefterly Winds in thei'e

Eaft-parts of the fVeft- Indies^ as I have before noted

in the third Chapter of this Difcourfe. I Ihall bei

moft particular of them that blow in the Bay oi Ma-J

and what Signs they give us beforehand.

2C0

1 ^1 '^

ll'l

!■

..i^.

,!■■ J :l

'"11 '

Cominonly I

Ki.f

Of Storms.

Commonly before a North the Weather is very
Iferene and fair, the Sky clear, and but little Wind,
Ld that too veering fiom its proper Point, or the
common Trade- Wind of the Coaft ; and breathing
gently at S. at S. W. and Weft a Day or two before
the North comes. The Sea alfo gives notice of a
Storm, by an extraordinary and long Ebb. For a
Day or two before a North, there will be hardly
any difcernable Flood, but a conftant ebbing of the
Sea. And the Sea-Fowls alfo before a Storm, do
commonly hover over the Land, which they do not
at other times ufe to do, in fuch great Flights and
Numbers. All thefe Signs concurring, may give any
Man notice of an approaching Storm, but the great-
eft and moft remarkable Sign of a North, is a very
black Cloud in the N. W. rifing above the Horizon
to about I o or 12 degrees : the upper Edge of the
Cloud appears very even and fmooth, and when once
the upper part of the Cloud is 6, 8, ioori2 degrees
high, there it remains in that even form parallel to
the Horizon without any Motion ; and this fome-
I times 2 or 3 Days before the Storm comes : At other
times not above 12 or 14 Hours, but never lefs.

This Cloud lying fo near the Horizon, is not (ttn
but in the Mornings or Evenings, at leaft it does
not appear fo black as then •, this is called by Eng-
B Seamen a Norlh Bank^ and whenever we fee
kh a Cloud in that part of the World, and in the
Months before-mentioned, we certainly provide for
aStorm-, and tho* fometimes it may happen that
kh a Cloud may appear feveral Mornings and
Evenings, and we may not feel the Effeds of ic, or
but very little 1 yet we always provide againft it ;
for a North never comes without iuch a foreboding
Cloud. But if the Winds alfo whiffle about to the
'South, with fair flattering Weather, it never fails.
While the Wind remains at S. S. W. or any thing to
tiie South of the Welt, it blows very taint -, but

when

t\m^

■J

1 ' ■

%-4

I w

f'^Vil'^

•U'

Jf^

(li •.

^2 Of Storms,

when once it comes to the North of the Well, it
begins to be brisk and veers about prefently to the
North- Weft, where it blows hard ; yet does itnoc
ftay there long before it veers to the N. N. W. ani
there it blows ftrongeft and longeft. Sometimes ij
continues 24 or even 48 Hours, and fometimes lon^
ger. When the Wind firft comes to the N. W. \i
the black Cloud rifes and comes away, it may chancel
to give but one Flurry, Hke that of a Tornado •, and
then the Sky grows clear again ; and either thcl
Wind continues at N. W. blowing only a brisk GaleJ
which the Jamaica Seamen call a Chocolatta North, or|
elfe it veers about again to the Eaft, and fettle
there. But if when the Wind comes to the N. Wj
the Cloud ftill remains fettled, the Wind then con-
tinues blowing very fierce even fo long as the blackl
Bank continues near the Horizon. It is commonlyl
pretty dry and clear, but fometimes much Rain fallsl
with a North : and tho' the Clouds which bringl
Rain, come from the N. W. and N. N. W, yet the]
black Bank near the Horizon feems not to move till!
the Heart of the Storm is broke. When the Wind!
Harts from the N. N. W. to the N. 'tis a fign that)
the Violence of the Storm is paft, efpecially if icf
veers to the Eaft of the North ; for then it foon
flies about to the Eaft, and there fettles at its ufual
Point and brings fair Weather : But if it goes back!
from the N. to the N. W. it will laft a day or twa
longer, as fierce as before ; and not without a great]
deal of Rain.

When our Jamaica Logwood-fhips are coming!
loaden out of the Bay of Campeachy in the North-
Seafon, they are glad to have a North. B^or a good!
North will bring them almoft to Jamaica •, neither
have any of our Vefiels mifcarried in one of thefe
Storms that I did ever hear of, though fometimes
much (hattered ; but the Spaniards do commonly!
fuffer by them, and there is feldom a Year but one|

k^ .1

Of Stormf.

more of them are caft away in the Bay of Carri'
uchj in this Seafon: for they don't work their
ps as we do ours. They always bring their
hips too under a Fore-fail and Mizen, but never
inder a Main-fail and Mizen, nor yet under the
izen alone •, but we generally bring too under
ain-fail and Mizen ; and if the Wind grows too-
rce we bring her under a Mizen only •, and if we
nnot maintain that, then we balaft our Mizen :
h is by riffing and taking up great Part of the
lail. If after all this, the Winds and Seas are too
ighfor us, then we put before it, but not before we
ave tryed our utmofl', cfpecialjy if we are near a
,ee-fhore. On the contrary, the Spaniards in the Weft-
;M>;, fas I faid before) lye under a Fore-fail and
iMizen: But this mull needs be an extraordinary
Itrain to a Ship, efpecially if flie be long. Indeed
lere is this Convenience in it, when they are minded
'0 put away before it, 'tis but hailing up the Mizen,
id the Fore-fail veers the Ship prefently : and I
Jge it is for that Reafon they do it. For when
Itlie Wind comes on fo fierce that they can no longer
on a Wind, they put right afore it, and fo
continue till the Storm ceafeth, or the Land cakes
11 up {i. e, till they are run a-fhorej I knew two
llmiarch did fo, while I was in the Bay. One was
a King's Ship, called the Pifeadorr. Sherunalhore
on a Tandy Bay, a Mile to the Weftward of the Ri-
ver To/'^/y?. The other was come within four or five
Leagues of the Shore, and the Storm ceafing, Ihe
ricaped Shipwreck, but was taken by Captain Hewet^
Commander of a Privateer, who was then in the
Bay. Her Main-maft and Mizen were cut down in
tlie Storm. Both thefe Ships came from La Vera
fe, and were in the North-fide of the Bay v/hen
firit the Storms took them. And tho' we don't ufe
fc Method, yet we find means to wear our Ships as
*'el! as they -, for if after the Mizen is liaii'J up

and

r ' !

■ : I i

lie- :

III'

.*.•'

•ii': *'^ . .

64. Of Storms^^

and furled, if then the Ship will not wear, we mufi
do it with fome Head-fail, which yet fonutimesput
us to our Shifts. As I was once in a very violen
Storm, failing from t^irginia^ meniioned in my VqA
age round the IVorld, we fcudded before the Wy
and Sea fome time, with only our bare Poles ; and till
Ship by the Millake of him that con*d, brochcdtool
and lay in the Trough of the Sea ; which then weni
fo high that every Wave threatned to overwhelm us
And indeed if any one of them had broke in upoi
our Deck, it might have foundred us. The Malterl
whofe Fault this was, rav'd like a mad Man, and call)
ed for an Axe to cut the Mizen Shrouds, and turn thj
Mizen Mafl over Board : which indeed might hav
been an Expedient to bring her to her Courfe agair
Capt. Davis was then Quarter-mafter, and a moreexl
perienced Seaman than the Matter. He bid him hold
his Hand a little, in hopes to bring her fome othej
way to her Courfe : The Captain alfo was of hii
Mind. Now our Main-yard and Fore-yard wer^
lowered down a Port laft, as we call it, that is, down
pretty nigh the Deck, and the Wind blew fo fierc^
that we did not dare to loofeany Head-fail, for thejl
muft have blown away if we had, neither could all
the Men in the Ship have furled them again ; there]
fore we had no hopes of doing it that way. I wai
at this time on the Deck with fome others of ouj
Men 1 and among the reft one Mr. John Smallhrnti
who was the main Inftrumenc at that Time oj
faving us all. Come ! faid he to me, let us go
little way up the Fore-fhrouds, it may be that ma|
make the Ship wear *, for I have been doing itbefor^
now. He never tarried for an Anfwcr, but runtor-j
ward prefently, and I followed him. We went ^
the Shrouds Half-maft up, and there we fpread
abroad the Flaps of our Coats, and prefently the
Ship wore. I think we did not flay there above three
Minutes before we gain*d our Point and came ^owr

agaiai

Of Storms,

Min, but in thig time the Wind was got into our
(Iain-fail» and had blown it loofe ; and the' the
^;iin-v:ird was down a Port-Iaft and our Men were

lot on the Yard as many as could lye one by ano-
jier, befides the Deck full of Men, and all ftriving
furl that Sail, yet could we not do ir, but were

treed to cut it all along by the Head-rope, and lb

let it f^n down on the Deck.

Having largely treated of Norths, I fljall next
tive fome Account of Souths.

South Winds are alfo very violent Winds. I
ave not heard any thing of thefe forts of Storms,
lut at Jamaica or by Jamaica Sailors. The Time
rhen they blow at Jamaica is about Junc^ July or
(li/^ft/, Months that Norths never blow in. The
treateft Strefs of Wind in thefe Storms is at South,
jrom whence it*s probable they are named Souths,

what they diuer from the Hurricanes that rage

nong the Caribbce IJlands, I know not, unlefs in
[bis, that they are more conftant to one Point of
kCompafs, or that they come fooner in the Year
^^I'n Hurricanes do, but thofe Storms aaVd Hurri-
had never been known at Jamaica when I
m there. Yet fmce I have heard that they have
[cltthe Fury of them fevcral Times. But I was at

uka when there happened a violent South. It
nide great Havock in the Woods •, and blew down
nany great Trees •, but there was no great Damage

le by it. Pori Royal was in great Danger then of
ong waflied away, for the Sea made a Breach clear
kbugh the Town •, and if the Violence of Wea-
llier had continued but a few Hours longer, many
pfthe Houfes had been waflied away : For the Point
ffLand on which that Town Hands, is Sand •, which
pgan to wafh away apace : but the Storm ceafing,
jtiiere v/.is no further Damage. This \v:is in July or
p«//in the Year 1674.

V L. II. Fee I WAS

im]

J 'f

¥ <■!

n< I

i •"r''^'

„>.ii

K'-'

(^ ' \l\-^

66 Of Storms.

I was after wards in the Bay of Cam peachy, when
we held a much more violent Storm than this, called
ahb by the Logwood-Cutters a South, h happened
fome time in June 1676.

I was then cutting Logwood in the "Weftprii
Creek of the Weft Lagune. Two days before m
Storm began, the Wind whiffled about to the South|
and back again to the Ealt, and blew very faintlj
The Weather alfo was very fair, and the Mr,Hj\
IVar-Birds came hovering over the Land' in mziii
Numbers; which is very unufual for them tod
This made fome of our Logwood -Cutters fay, thj
we fliould have fome Ships come hither in a ftoi|
Time ; for they believed it was a certain Token 1
the Arrival of Ships, when thefe Birds came thus he
vcring over the Land. And fome of them faid the!
had lived at Barbadoes, where it was generally take
Notice of: and that as many of thefe Birds as thej
faw hovering over the Town, fo many Ships the|
were coming thither. And according to that Ruj
they foolilhly guefs'd that here were a great man
Ships coming hither at that Time ; tho' 'tis ir
poflible that they could imagine there could be th
hundredth parr of the Ships arrive, that theyfaj
Birds fly over their Heads. But that which I di^
moft admire was, to fee the Water keep ebbing f(j
two Days together, without any Flood, till til
Creek, where we lived, was almoft dry. Therewi
commonly at low Water feven or eight Foot Watefl
but now not above ^, even in the middle of the Creel
About 4 a Clock the 2d Day after this unufuj
Ebb, the Sky looked very black, and the Wiif
fprung up frefh at S. E. and increafing. In k
than two Hours time it blew clown allourHuC
, but one •, and tlnu with much Labour we proj
up with Pofl-.s , and with Ropes call ovit t|
Ridge, and faitning borh ends to flumps ot Ticej
we fecured tlie Roof fiom IKino- uwaw In

Hvinp; away

Of Storms,

le huddled all together till the Storm ceafcd. Ic

ined very hard the greatefl: part of the Storm, and

bout two Hours after the Wind firft fprang up, the

"atcrs flowed very fad in. The next Morning it

as as high as the Banks of the Creek : which wa.s

igher than I had ever 'ittn it before.

The Flood ftill increafcd, and run fader up the

reek than ever I faw it do in the greatcfi Spring-

ide ; which was fomewhat ftrangc, becaufe the

ind was at South, which is right off the Shore on

;his Coaft. Neither did the Rain any thing abati%

ndby ten a Clock in the Morning the Banks of the

reek were all overflown. About twelve at Noon we

fought our Canoa to the fide of our Hut, and

ftned it to the Srump of a Tree that flood by it ;

t being the only Refuge that we could now eX'

ft; for the Land a little way within the Banks

if the Creek is much lower than where we were:

that there was no walking through the Woods

ouie of the Water. Befides, the Trees were

rn up by the Roots, and tumbled down fo ftrange-

a-crofs each other, that it was almoft impofllble

pafs through chem.

The Storm continued all this Day and the Night
llowing till ten a Clock : then it began to abate,
dby two in the Mornhig it was quite calm.
This Storm made very ftrange work in the Woods
tearing up the Trees by the Roots: The Ships
fo riding at 'Tnfl and at One-Biifij-Key^ felt tiie
ory of it to their Sorrow ; for of four that were
ding at One^Bufh-Ke^^ three were driven away
om their Anchors, one of which was blown into
c Woods of Beef-Ijlaiid, And of the four Ships
at were at Trijl^ three alfo wrrre driven from
leir Anchors, one of which was calt up about twen-
Paces beyond High- Water-Mark on the Ifland of
r'i>. The other tv/o were driven oft' to Sea ; an i
of them was never heard of finer.

E e e 2 The

i n \

^m^\

I. .

^ ■
-if ■

r<,Hi!

■*!■

ill

■, I ■'

, I

i:i>

' t''t'''i: lis »!' },'■ ^

Ifl

^ ,11

68 0/ Storms.

The poor FiHi alfo fuffcred extremely by i
Storm, for we fliv/ Multitudes of them cither c.
on the Shore, or fioating dead on the Lagunes. Y
this Storm did not reach 30 Leagues to Wiud-wa
of 'fn//, for Captain l^ally of Jamaica^ went hen
but three Days before the Storm began, and was m
paft 30 Leagues ofl' when we had it fo fierce, y
he felt none of it ■, but only faw very black difm
Clouds to the Weflward, as he reported at his Ri
turn from Jamaica to Trijl four Months after.

I fliall fpeak next of Hurricanes.

Thefe are violent Storms, raging chiefly amo
the CaribWe Ijhuds ; though, by Relation, Jaum^
has of late been much annoyed by them \ but it hi
been fince the Time of my being there. They ai
expe6lcd in Jul\\ Augud or Sepiernher,

Thefe Storms alfo as well as the Norths orSout
give fomc Signs of their Approach before they co
on. I liave not been in any one of them my fe!
but have made Enquiry of many Men that hav
and they all agree that either they arc picccded
flattering iinulual fmall Winds and very fair W
ther, or by a great Glut of Rain, or eife by bol
Rains and Calms together.

I fliall give an Inrtancc of one that gave fuchWi
ning. It happened at Auteqcia in Augujl 1081. Ih
the Relation of it from Mr. J()bnSmaUho>h\ beto
mentioned, who was Gunner of a Ship of 120 Toi
and 10 Guns, commanded by Capt. Gadhir';.

Before this Storm it rained two Days excelfivei
then it held up tv/o or three Days more : but the Si
was clouded and appear'd to be much troubled,
but little Wind. The IManters by this were cert
of a Hurricane, and warned the Ship-Command
to provide for it, efpecially Capt. GaJlnir\ •, Wi
had carecn'd his Ship in Muskito C^ra in St. 7^/-'.
I larbour but a little before, and by this Wnrn'
given liim by the l^lanters, had gotten hib Goods

B'J3

of Storms. . 69

oard again, which though all he had, yet was but
tout half his lading of Sugar, MoloiTci. anJ Rum.
ealfo moored his Ship as iVcure as he could, with
11 his Cables and Anchors, belides fome Cables which
ehad made fafl: afliore to great Trees. And abouc
,1 Clock that Evening that the Storm came, he drea-
lincr ir, went aOiorc with all his Men, and retired in-
to a poor Planter's I loufe about half a Mile from the
Shore. By that time he and his Men wer.e arrived at
tlieHoufe, which was before 8 a Clock -, the Wind
came on very fierce at N. K. and veering about to
the N. and N, W. fettled there, bringing with ic
very violent Rains. Thus it continued about four
Hours, and then fell flat calm, and the Rain ceafed.
In this Calm he fent 3 or 4 of his Men down to
the Cow tJ fee what Condition the Ship was in, and
they found her driven afhorc dry on the Sand, lying
onone fide, with the Head of her Mad flicking into
the Sand •, after they had walk'd round her and view'd
her a-while, they returned again to the Capt. to give
him an Account of the Difalter, and made as much
hide as they could, bee aufe the Wind began to blow
h:rd at S. V/. and it blew fo violently before they
recover'd the Hoqfe, that the Boughs of the Trees
wiiiptthem fufilciently before they got thither ; and
ic rained as hard as before. The little Houfc could
force flieltcr them from the wet •, for there was
little bcfide the Walls (landing : For the ifl Norther-
IvGuft blew away great part of the Ridge and moft
0' [he Thatch. Yet there they llaid till the next.
Morning, and then coming to the Ship found her
aimoll upright •, but all the Goods that were in the
Hold were wafli'd out, and the Sugar w^aswafli'd out
of tlieCask. Some of the Rum they found ; a Cask
in one place and a Cask in anocluM- : fome on the*
Shore, and fome half a Mile in the W'oods •, and fome
''W'd againil the Trees and leek'd out •, foritfeems
there had been a violent Morion in the Sea, as well

i-'. c c i, as

I > . ;

ril''!l •

•\: 1

'■Mil

111

'1. Jf! '

m-' ^

1 'I

'■ ' -:t

I -

70 O/' Storms.

a-i ill the Air. For in the Btginning of the Night]
when the N. E. Gad ragcJ, the Sea chb'd I'o proJU
gioufly, or elfc was driven oil' tlie Shore by the VioJ
lence of the Wind fo far, that Tome Ships riding in
the Harbour in 3 or ^ Fathom Water, were a-ground,
and lay lb till the S. W. GuH came, and then th-l
Sea came rowlinj^ in again with fuch prodigious
Fury, that it not only fet them a-float, but dalhM
many of them on the Shore. One cf them was
carried up a great way into the Woods: another]
was llrangely hurl'd on two Rocks that Hood dofe|
by one another :. with her Head refting on one
Rock, and her Stern on the other : And thus ihel
lay like a Bridge between the two Rocks, about ten
or eleven Foot above the Sea, even in the highcft
Tides •, for the Tides do ufually rife here but htde,|
not above two or three Foot, but in thefe Hurri-
canes it always ebbs and flows again prodigioufly.

It was not the Ships only that felt the Fury of]
this Storm, but the whole Ifland fuiTisred by it •, fori
the Houfcs were, blown aown, the Trees tore upbyl
the Roots, or had their Heads and Limbs fadly Hut-
lered, neither was there any Leaves, Herbs or grcea!
Thing icft on the Ifland, but all iook'd like \V!nter.|
Infomuch that n SJiip coming thither a little af:er,
(hat uf:d that Trade, could fcarce believe it to be'
ihe i-ime liland. N^s-ither did the Fury of this Siorni
ii^ht only here, for Nevis and St. Chriftopher''snii\
tlieir Shares ulfo ; but Mountfurat felt little of \U
ilio' not above a Fortnight after there happened 1-
iiother Storm, as violent as this, and raged extreir,:-
]y there, but did little Damage at Neuh and St. C')'>
Kophers. Aniegca had a great Share of this too.
Capt. GaJoiiry's Ship, that lay a-ground before it
came, was by it hurled over to the oppofue partot
ihe Harbour, and there thrown dry on the Saiu-

Ti:e Day after the Storm, the Shor» v/r: ilrev/'d

Vvith Fifii of divcrr, forts, as well greas: as fmai' »

^ fad.

hKW t I I

j„ '•

Of Storms,

fjcii as Porpoift s, Sharks, i^c. and Abundance of
Sfa-Fowls alio were dcllroyeu by ir.

J would not have any Man think that thefe Hur-
ricanes, or any other Storms, do always give warn-
ing of their coming exactly alike : For there may
be lome Difference in thoie Signs, tho' all oF them
be pKiin enough if well obferved. Befides fomc-
times they are duplicated, IbinL'tlm^s only fingl*
Signs, and fometimes the Signs may be more vifible
and plain than at other Times: whL*n by fome acci-
' dental Caufe thofe Signs may be lefs vifible by Reafon
of fome high Hill or Mountain that may ht inter-
Ipos'd between you and the Horizon, cfpecially if
any Hill lies N. E. from you, which is the Quarter
that Hurricanes do commonly rife in.

The Clouds that precede a Hurriranc^. are dilTer-
[ent from the North-Banks, in this, th.it whereas the
Clouds preceding Norths are uniform and regular i
|of an cxict Blacknefs even from the Horizon to the
I upper Edge of it, and that as ftreight and even as a
iLineibetched out. On the contrary, the Hurriranc-
Clouds tower up their Heads, preffinp; forwaixlj as
if they all fVrovc for Precedency -, yctio linked one
within another, that all move alike, Befidos, the
Edges of thefe Clouds arc gilded witii various and
afrjghiing Colours, the very Edge of all fecms to bi
of a pale iire-colour, next that of a dull yeiiow, and
nearer the Body of the Cloud of a Copper-Colour,
and the Body of the Cloud which is very thick ap-
pears extraordinary black : and altog-aher it looks
very terrible and amazing even beyond Expreflion.
fho'Ihave never been in any Hurricane in t'leZ/'W-
MW, yet I have {cq.\\ the very Image of them in the
hi}-Indiei^ and the Eriec^ts have be'^n the very fame -y
and for my part I know no Difference between a
Hurricane among the Caribbee-Ijiriuh in the //''i-'/?-
//;to, and a Tuabon on the Coaii of Ch:::a in the

E e e 4 ILtJl-

•.'4 I

'Wk-

i'!

fl»'^'

I r ,1

(if* .

f I

h\\

!f^

'.11

i;ii:.^.!M, ,

%m^''

72 0/ Storms,

EaJl-hicVics^ but only the Name : Ancl I am apt \^
believe tlut both Words have one SigniiiauonJ
which is, a violent Storm.

I have given a large Account of one of thciJ

in my Voyige round the JVorld \ Chapter Xv]

Page 414. That gave warning by flattering Wra]

ther beforehand, and a very dilmal Cloud, let ouj

with fuch Colours as 1 have before dcfcribed, rifino

in the N. E. from whence the Violence of the firl

Guftcame, which was wonderful fierce and nccom]

panied with extraordinary hard Rain •, then it after]

wards fell calm about an Hour, and then the Winci

came about at S. W. and blew as fierce as it did be]

fore at N. E. which is much like the Hurricane be]

fore-meiuioned at /////r^^rt, butof a longer ContinuJ

ance than that : Befides, in both places they biowaJ

one time of the Year, which is m July, /%*//? 0]

September \ and commonly near the P'ull or Chand

of the Moon. |

Another thing that wc mufb alfo take notice ofj

is, that both Places are North of the Equaiorl

though not cxadly in one Latitude.

But of ihefe Tufibons I fhall fay no more nov;j
having dcfcribed them particularly in my Voyi'gctq
'fofiqic!/^ Chap. II. Pag. 3O.

The Monfoons in the Eaft -hidles arc the next to
be treated of ; by which I do not mean the Co'i]
ing I'rade-wind, fo called, whicli I have already
dcfcribed in Page 21 of this Difcourfe ; for thoiigH
fMofifoon] is a general Word for the Wind thcrej
diftinguiflied by Kafl: or Weft, according !o m
Points from whence they blow ; yet it fom rimej
alfo fignifies a Storm, as I now take it. Anditij
cafie to be underflood, when it is ufed in Relcrenq
to the Trade-wind, or when fpoken of a Siorm
for if applied to a Storm, *ris exprefb'd by lomJ
Epithet going before : As Vjolent, Terrible, ^c\

^vltilO'>l(

Of Storms,

Ifkhout any Dlftinftion of IVtH: or Wed", which h
Icommonly ufcd in fpcakiiig of the Tnidc-Wind.

Thcfc Monfoons or Storms on the Coafl Ci\' Coro-

um-^'l ^rc expcrtc(i either about April or St-nfrmhcr^

Lhich are accounted the two fliifting Months. For

inthele two Months the Wind^ begin to fliifc and

Itiirn from that Point, on which they have blown

fevfral Months before to the contrary Points of the

Comp.^fs \ ;i^ froni E.dl to Well, or the contrary :

hit commonly this Shift is attended with a turbulent

Sky, which cnd'j in a violent Storm oi Wind, or ex-

relTivc Rains, or both : And this is called alfo the

breaking up of the Monfoon. It was in one of

t'nefe that I pall from Nicobar to Sumatra^ mentioned

in my Vo\a^t: round the IPWcJ^ Chap. XVIII.

[Page 496. This was the April Monfoon.

j'hf 6f/)/ifw^^r Monfoons i! re generally more vio-
I lent than thefe lad : yet by the Account I have Lite-
ivh:id from Fort St. George^ they have fuHered ve-
ry tnuch by one of the April Monfoons (if it may
|beto called) for it came before its ufual time, even
b'vtorc it could be expeded.

As Tor the September Monfoons, tho' the time of
Ithe Year is fo well known, and the Warnings of
their Approach aimoft certain ; yet our KnjUfndia
Mcrch:ints have had very confiderable LofTcs tln.re *,
for the Strefs of tlie Winds blows right in upon the
Shore, and often hurries the Ships from their An-
chors, and toffes them in a Moment on the fandy
Bay.

Indeed the want of a fecure Place to ride in, is
thegreatcft Inconvenience of that Faftory, a Place
j(ioiibrlcfs defigned by the Englijh from its Original
to be the Center of the Trade of thefe Parrs. For
all our Faftories, an"d the Trade in general. Fall
from. Cape Comorifj. are now fubordinate to this.

The

7i*

«[

' I'

J ;

i.»fi.,

74 Of Storms.

The Butch had once a place of Confaenc
called Pallacat^ on this Coaft, about twenty Leasu
to the North of it ; but they withdrew mod of tug
Families and EfFedls from thence in the Year logl
mentioned in my Voyci^e round the U'^orld^ Chap, Xi
Page 522. And it is very probable that thele raJ
ing Winds might be one Caufe of this their dder
ing it, whatever was the Motive of fettling iu-K
for tliey have fecure Harbours, and Roads cnoiia
in 7W/V., wiiich we to our great Difadvantagc verj
much want.
But to return to the Monfoons.
Thele fas I have told you) blow fierccft in ivi
temhet\ and, as I have been informed, blow on
veral Points of the Compafs.

'J'he ftormy Monfoons on the Mallahar Coaft tlij
ier from thefe on the Coaft of Corornandcl^ in tha
they are more common, and laft even from Apriiii
September^ which is as long as the common Weill
Monfoon lails, though not fo frequent and laltinj
in the Beginning of the Monfoon, as towards dij
latter end.

The Months of Jul^ and Augufi afford very bad
Weather, for then there is hardly any liitermiffion
.but a continued troubled Sky full of black Cloudj
■which pour down excefiavc Rains, and often ver
fierce Winds. But towards the breaking up of th
Monfoon, they have one very terrible Sionn ailed
by the Portuguefi the Elipbanta, Vv'hich concludes did
bad Weather. For after that they put to Sea mni
out fear of any more Storms that Seafon,

'I'hefe violent Winds blow diredly in upon M
Shore ; and they dam up the Harbours on tail
Coall, efpecially that of Goa, fo that no Ships call
go in or come out then ; but after the violent V^^indj
arc pall:, the Channel opens again, and io continued

till the next Seafon.

Thij

Of Storms,

This Relation I had from a very ingenious Gentle-

jijn who was at Goa during the bad Weather.

Khali only take notice that thefe Storms are alfo

the fame Time of the Year, when the Hurri-

nes and Souths are in the IVeft-Indies^ and the

jufFoons on the Coafts of China^ Tunqueen, Co-

kchim and Cambodia in the Eaftern Parts of the

iijlJndies, and that all thefe Places are to the

(forth of the Equator.

ill "

Ik:
r

%3Ka0

■I:'

§■

C H A P.

Ei «:•

W t'l

>i-

'.'. ■'(

I ' ■!

tR'b-: '% 5 1

7(5

-ll

C H A P. VII.

Of the Seafons of the Tear.

ThelVet and[Dry Seafons on the North- fide ofth
Equator-:, and on the South of it, 'Places (a
nious for much dry Weather s aspartof]!t:\^
arid Mnz^. A Compart fon between thofeCoitp
Of raining Coafls -, as Guinea. fVh} Guinc
more fubjett to Rains than theoppofiteCoiiflo
Brazil, The time of Sugar -rnaking, Oj th
Seajons at Suranani. Bays more fuhjeB t
Rain than Head- Lands, Se^verul Injiancci o
this, as at Campeachy, Panama, Tunquccn
Eengah, d^r. Mountains more fubjeEl io Rmi
than Low Land : An Infiance of this at )a
maica. The Ifle of Pines near Cuba, a 'i;:t
Tlace. So is alfo Gorgon ia i7i t he Sout h Seas,
The manner hvoJ Tornadoes artfe.

AS Summer and Winter are the two moll di
ferent Sealbns in our Climate •, fo theD/
and. the IVct are within the Torrid Zone|
and are always oppofite to each other. Tluyarj
often called by Europeafis IVintc?- and Summer^ biij
more generally, Dr^ and IVet.

The Seafons on each fide of the Equator, areai
different as the Seafons of Summer and Winter areii^
temperate Climates, or near eachPolc. For as 'tisSunij
mer near the North-Pole, when *tis Winter neir th(
South- Pole, and the contrary , fo when 'tis fair am

"^ill:

Tear,

lorth-fideofth
it, 'FlacesJA.
as part of Vm
'enthoJeCoiifli
. IVhy Guinc
oppofiteCoiillo^
iking. Of d
more fuhjeB i
rallnjianccio^
iia, Tunqaccn
ubjeti to Rmi
-eof this at]\
r Cuba, a ^
//'/^ South Seas,
rtfe.

\e two moft dif
ite •, fo the D/j
e Torrid Zonei
fther. Tht-7 arj
nd Suinmci\ biil

Equator, areaj
nd Winter arc i
E. For as 'tisSumj

Winter neir thj
/hen 'CIS fair m

0/ t/-/^ Seajhns of the Tear,

dry Weather North of the Equator^, *tis bluftering
and rainy Weather South of it -, and the contrary,
except within a few degrees of the Line, and that
in fonie places only.

There is alfo this difference between the Torrid
and Temperate Zones, either North or South of the
Equator •, that when it is fair and dry Weather in the
one, it is Winter in the other : and when it is wet in
the one, it is Summer in the other. I fpeak now of
Places lying on the fame fide of the Equator : For
as the Sun when it palfes the Equinox, and draws
towards either of the Tropicks, begins to warm their
refpedlive Poles, and by how much the nearer he ap-
proaches, by fo much is the Air without the Tropickj
clear, dry and hot •, on the contrary, within the
^drrid Zone (though on the lame fide of the Line)
the farther the Sun is off, the dryer is the Weather,
And as the Sun comes nearer, the Sky grows more
cloudy and the Weather more moift : for the Rains
follow the Sun, and begin on eidier fide of the E-
qiiator, within a little while after the Sun has croft
the Equinox, and fo continue till after his return
back again.

The wet Seafon on the North- fide of the Equator
in the Torrid Zone^ begins in April or Ma-^^ and fo
continues till September or OJoher.

The dry Weather comes in November or tieccm-
K iind continues till ^^n7 or M?)'.

In South Latitudes the Weather changes at the
fame times, but with this difference, that the dry
Months in South Latitude, are wet Months in North
Latitude, and the contrary, as 1 have faid before.
Yit neither do tiie wet or dry Seafons let in or go
out exadlly at one time, in all Years •, neither are all
places fubjed to wet or dry Weather alike. For in
fomc plates it rains \tU than in others ; and confc-
qaenily there is more div Weather. But gt-nerail)^

■ i-1accs

"in

1 1

\¥

f ■ ■

,!.| irt

m'r,,l

ff" 1

11 f f

ll 1

78 Of the Seafons of the Tear.

Places that lye under the Line, or near it, havd
their greateft Rains in March and September.

Head-Lands or Coafts that lye moll expofed to
the Trade-winds have commonly the bed Ihare ofi
dry Weather. On the contrary, deep Bays or Bon-
dings of the Land, efpecially fuch as lye near the
Line, are moft fubjedl to Rains. Yet even amono
Bays or Bendings, there is a great deal of difference
in the Weather as to dry or wet \ for the Weather]
as well as the Winds feem to be much influencedl
by accidental Caufes ; and thofe Caufes themfelves,
whatever they are, feem to be fubjed to great vari-
ation.

But to proceed with Matter of Fa6l ; I fhali be-
gin with the drieft Coafts \ and firft with that ofl
l^eru^ from 3d. South to 30 d. South. There it I
never Rains, neither at Sea for a good diftance oftl
fhore, as for 250 or 300 Leagues •, no nor on thef
fhorefora confiderable way within Land j though
exactly how far I know not ; yet there are fir
Mifts fometimes in a Morning for two or three |
Hours, but feldom continuing after ioa-Clocki|
and there are Dews alfo in the Night.

This Coaft lies N. and S. it has the Sea open io
the Weft, and a Chain of very high Mountains run-
ning along fliore on the Eaft, and the Winds con-
ftantly Southerly, as I faid before in the iecond
Chapter of W^incls.

In which Head I have made a Comparifon as well
oi' the Winds on the Coaft. of Africa in the fame
Latitude, as of the lying of the Coafts. Only there
is this difference, that the co>*fting Trade-winds on
the American ftde do blow further from the Land
than thofe on the African fide. Which difference
may probably arife from the difproportion of rhe
Mountains that are in the two Continents ; tor 'tis
known that the A)Aes in America are feme of the
hi.qheft Mountains in the World, but whether there

lire

Of the Seafons of the Tear.

lareany on the Continent of ylfrica in thoie Latitudes
fo high, I know not. I have not heard of any,
itlcalt none fuch are vifible to Seamen.

I come now to Ipeak of the Weather on the A-
frican Coaft, which though 'tis not fo dry ar, the
toad of Peru, yt t is it the next to it. Tlie Wea-
ther there is very dry from March till Othhsr^ which
isrhedry Seafon.

Tiie rainy Seafon, which is from 05loher till
Ikrch^ is moderate, without that excefs that is in
molt other Places in thofe Latitudes j fo that the
wetted Seafon can only be called fo from fome gen-
tle Ihowers of Rain.

There are fome Tornadoes, but not fo many as
arein any other Places, both of the Eaft orWefl-h-
(l;>.f, the Peruvian Coaft excepted. And if the
height of the Andes are the caufe that the true Eaft-
Breeze does not take place in the Pacifick-Sca,
within 200 Leagues diftance from the Ihore, when
yet the Trade blows within 40 Leagues of the Afri-
m Coafl ; that Coaft may perhaps be fuppofed to
want fuch high Mountains. And if thofe American
Mountains do ftop the Vyinds from their Career,
why may they not as well break the Clouds before
they reach near the fliore, and be the caufe of the
dry Weather there.? And feeing both Coafts do lye
alike, and the Wind is alike -, why fhould not the
Weather be the fame -, were it not for the difpro-
portion between the Mountains of thefe Coafts ? For
the Eaft-fide of thofe Mountains are fupplied with
R.iin enough, as may be known by the great Rivers
that difembogue from thence into the Atlancitk Sea \
whereas the Rivers on the South-Sea Coaft are but
very few and fmall ; fome of which do wholly dry
away for a good part of the Year ; but yet they con-
f^^antly break out again in their Seafons, when the
Rains in the Country do come, which always fall on

th*;

'lull I

W ,i

■J V

^■V

\[ \

,- '!■

t ■

W. i:

f*!'^^'

, ' r

HOT > ,; iw,<

1v '

80 Of the Seajons of the Tear,

the Weft-fide of thofe Mountains, and this is a-
bout February.

As I have fpokcn before of dry Coafts, fo nowll
fhall fpcak of rahiy ones. I fliall begin with the
Coaft of Guinea^ from Cape Lopos, which Hes one
degree South, taking in the Bite or Bending of the
Land, and all the Coaft Weft from thence, as far'
as Cape Paluias.

This is a very wet Coaft, fubjed to violent Tor i
nadoes and exceftlvc Rains, efpecially in 7///^ and
Jugujl : Li thofe Months there is fcarce any fair D.iyJ
Tliis Coaft" lies all of it very near the Equar.or, and
no where above 6'or 7 degrees Diftance j fo tut from
its nearnefs to the Equator only, we might probably
conjedure that it is a rainy Coaft •, for moft places
lying near the Line are very fubjed to Rains: yet
fomemore than others •, and Gui?ica may be reckoned]
among the wetteft Places in the World. Thciemay]
be Places wliere the Rains continue longer, but none]
are more violent while they laft.

And as its nearnefs to the Line may be a great I

caufe of its Moifture -, fo by its fituation alio

one would guefs that it fliould be fubjeift to a

great deal of Rain -, becaufe there is a great Bite

or Bending in of the Land, a little to the North |

of the Line •, and from, thence the Land (Irttch-

eth Weft parallel with the Line. And thefe Or-

cumftanccs fingly taken, according to my Ob-

fervations do leldom fail, but more efpecially I

where tlicy both meet. Yet there may be other

caufes that may hinder thofe Effecls, or at lealH

ferve to allay the violence of them, as they do on

fome other Coafts. I fiiall only inftancc in the

oppofite Coaft of America between the Noita

Cape, wliich lies North of the Equator, and Ope

BliiHcn on Brazil^ in South Latitude. Now thisj

Land lies much after the Eorm of the Coaft of 6;:-

nca^ with this dlUcrencc, that one Coaft H^'-'^ "^1

South

n thence, as far

Of the Seafons of the Tear,

Igouth Lat. the other lies North of the Equator,
both of thefe Promontories lay parallel with the
Equator, and there's not much difference in their
diftance from it ; but that which makes the difter-
lencc is, that one juts out Weftward, the other Eaft-
kard •, and fo one is the very Weftermoft Land of
jthe Continent of Jfrica^ the other is the Eafter-
Loft Land of the Continent of America: The one
ksonly an eddy Wind, which feems to mc to be
the Effed of two contrary Winds ; The other Coall
lies open to the Trade, and never wants a Breeze.
And the former is troubled with Tornadoes aod vio-
lent Rains during the wet Seafon, which is M?)-,
Jhk?, 7«/y, Augujl and September: But the extrcmeit
Iwet Months are Julj and Augujl ; when it rains in a
manner continually. April and Otloher alfo fome-
Itimes are wet Months.

The other Coafl on the American Continent,
Uhich lies open to the E. and N. E. or S. E. and
which enjoys the freer Trade-Wind, is lefs fubjedt
to Rain -, only as it lies near the Line, it has its part,
|bot not to Excefs, nor in any Comparlfon with Gu'i-

. And as the Line is to the N. of it, foits wet
iMonchs are from October till Aprils and the dry Sea-
fon from April to Otloher, And thefe Seafons reach
even to fix or feven Degrees North of the Line :
Which I do not know to be fo in any other part of
the World again. Indeed Cape Lc^/r; in Guinea^ is in
one degree South, yet participates of the fame Wea-
ther that the reft of Guinea has, which lies to the
I North of the Line.

Now the R.-^afon why Europeans do account the
Idry Seafon Summer, and the wet Seafon Winter \
isbcea'jfe the dry Seafon is their Harvell time, cfpe-
kiilly in our Plantations, where we chiefly make
Siigir •, for then the Canes arc as yelhjvv as (jold.
niwyhavc then indeed lefs Juice, but that little tliere
[Ms very fweet. XVhere.'.s in the wet Seafon, th.-*

Vol. If. V \\ the

iili'

Sin ^■■

\ %

'. I-''

if!

'• I

i ,; '■

s ,; If I:

.mm

■.■ , Vi'l.-Ji *■■■ 1- I,

.Mv-U ,f

82 Of the Seafons of the Tear.

the Canes are ripe, and come to their Matiiritv,
yet do they not yield fiich Qiiantities of Sugar, nci-
I her is it io good, tho' the Pains in boiling it be
alio t^rcaicr. I'hcr'.fore in Northern Climates, as
ill our Plantations are in, they commonly begin to
work about making of Sugar at Chrljhnas \ atkr ihc
dry Seafon has brought the Canes to a good Perfec-
tion. But in South Climates, as on theCoallo
Brazil^ they begin to work in July, Some Places
there are in the North Latitudes alfo near the Line,
where tlie Weather bears Time with tho Scafuiisi
in South Lat. as at Surnnam^ which though it is in
North Lat. yet are the Seafons there the lame as m
South Latitudes ; but I know not iuch another In
Itance any where. And tho' the dry Scalon is tin
Time to gather in the Canes, and the wet Scafonj
to ]il mt •, yet are they not fo limited as to niuk
life only of thefe Seafons for either ; but do i:
cuieHy for tluir beft Convenience \ for they ma
plant at any Time of the Year, and that with goo
Succefs : efpecially after a moderate *)howir o:
Rain, which often happens even in the dry Seafons

But I mud proceed.

I have faid before that Bays have greater Qiian
titles {)'( Rain than Head-Lands.

'i'iie B;iy of Camfeacbx is a good Inllancc of this
for the Rains are very great there, clpecially in tlv
Months of July and Augujl. On the contrary, tb
Coaft fro!ii Cape Catocb^ to Cape Condeccdo^ whic'
lies more expoled to the Trade, has not near tin
Rains as the Bay o'i Cnml'cachj hath.

The Bay of llnuditras alio is ver^^ wet, and
that bending Coaft irom Cape Gralhi de Dm, evei
to Carthajiena. But on the Coaft of CdMccos, am
about Cape La Vela^ where the Breezes are mori
brisk, tlie Weather is more moderate. AVhercas i
thofe little B.iys between, there :s ftill a Difference
For in the Bay of Mcncaxa, which lies a litdc o

: greater Quiin-Hfid

Of the Seafons of the Tear.

the Eaft of Cape La Vela, there is mucii more Rain
than ac or near the Cape.

The Bay of Panama alfo will furnifli us with a
Proof of this, by its immoderate Rains ; cfpccially
the South- fide of it, even from tlie GuJph of St.
Micbaeli to Cape St. Francis ; the Rains there are
horn April till November •, but in Junc\ July, and
/ln^tijt, they arc moft violent.

There are many fmall Bays alfo Weft from the
Bay of Panama^ which have their Shares of thefe wee
Stafons, as the Gulph o't Didce^Caldera Bay. ylmapaila,
kc. but to the Well of that, where the Coaft runs
more plain and even, there arc not fuch wet Sea-
fons ; yet many times' very violent Tornadoes.

The Eajl-Indies alfo has many Bays that are fub-
iecl to very violent Rains, as the Bay of 'J'onqueen,
thac of Siam, the Bottom and the Eaft-fide of the
Bay of Bengali. But on the Coaft of Coromandel,
which is the Weft-fide of that Bay, the Weather is
more moderate ; that being an even, pl.iin, low Coaft.
But on the Coaft of Mallabar^ which is on the Weft-
fide of that Promontory, the Land is high and moun-
tainous, and there are violent Rains. Indeed the Weft-
idcs of any Continents are wetter than the Eaft-fides,
the Coaft of Peru and Africa only excepted j in the
former of which the Drynefs may be occafioned (as
is faid before) by the Height of the ' '^s. And 'ti?
probable that the Violence of the K.jns near thofe
Mountains falls chiefly on the Eaft-fidcs of them,
and fcldom reaches to their Tops ; which yet if the
Rains do, they may there be broke in pieces, and
reach no further. For, among other Obfervations,
I have taken Notice that Mountains are fupplied
With more Rains than low Lands, I mean the low
Land bordering on the Sea. As for Inftance, the
South-fide of Jamaica beginning at Legaiiea^ and
!'om thence away to the Wiftward, as far as Black
River, including all the plain Land and Savannahs

ifi
III

\'\

■u-

Hli:

^Itii

' f\

¥M ■till

:||!

I 'Vli

84 Of the Seafons of the Tear,

about St. Jago dc la Vego^ Old Harbour and Wiihv.
wood Savannahs. This is a plain level Country for
many Miles lying near Eaft and Weft, having the
Sea on the South, and bounded with Mountains on
the North.

Thofe Mountains arc commonly fupplied with
Rain before the low Lands. I have known the
Rains to have begun there three Weeks before any
has fallen in the plain Country, bordcriiifr on the
Sea ', yet every Day I have obferved very black
Clouds over thr Mountains, and have heard it thun-
der there. And thofe very Clouds have feemed by
their Motion to draw towards the Sea, but have been
check 'd in their Courfe, and have either returned
towards the Mountains again, or elfe have ipent
themfelves before they came from thence, and fo
have vanifhed away again to the great Grief of the
Planters, whofc Plantations and Cattle have futt'ered
w, for want of a little Moilhire. Nay, thcfe Tornadoes
have been fo nigh, that the Sea Breeze has died
away, and we Iiave had the Wind frefh out of the
Clouds, yet they have vanillied, and yielded no Rain
to the low parch'd Lands.

And I think that the want of feafonable Showers
is one of the greatefi Inconveniencies that this part
of the Country fuffers, for I have known in fome
very dry Years, that the Grafs in the Savannahs has
l->een burned and wither'd for want of Rain, and the
Cattle have perilhed thereby for want of Food.
The Plantations alfo have fuffered very much by itj
but fuch dry Seafons have not been known on the
North-fide of the Ifland where the Mountains are
bordering on the Sea, or at leaft but a little Diftance
olf it. For there they are fupplied with feafonable
Showers alnioft all the Year, and even in the dry time
it felfnear the Full and Change of the Moon. But

violent,

in the wet Seal on, the Rams
wliich is their Inconvenience.

are more

w4 '*

Of the Seajons of the Tear.

As for the Valleys in the Country, they ar** not
lubjed to fuch Droughts as the plain Land '. ,
S'ja, at Icaft I have not obfcrved it my felf, nor have
1 heard it mentioned by others.

The Ifle of Pines near Cuha is fo noted a Place for
Rain that the Spaniards inhabiting near it on Cuha^
lay that it rains more or lefs every day in the Year,
it one Place or another. It is generally fpoken al-
io and believ*d by Privateers, for it has been oft vi-
fited by them. I have been there my felf, but can-
not confirm that Report. However, it is well
known to be a very wet and rainy Place.

It is but a fmall Ifland of about nine cr ten Leagues
long, and three or four broad \ and in the midll is a
high peeked Mountain, which is commonly cloud-
ed J and the Privateers fay that this Hill draws all
the Clouds to it •, for if there is not another Cloud to
be fecn any where elfe, yet this Hill is fcldom or
never clear,,

Qorqoma in the South-Seas alfo has the fame Re-
port. It is much fmaller than Pines. I ftave mentio-
ned it in my Voyage round the iVorld. Cliap. VI] .
Page 172.

This Ifle lies about four Leagues from tlie Main :
but the Ifle of Pines not above two, and is a great
deal bigger than it. The Main againll Gorgonia is
very low Land ; but Cuha near Pines is pretty high,
and the Mountain c{ Pines is much bigger and high-
er than the Hill of Gc^gonia^ which yet is of a good
Height, fo that it may be feen fixtecn or eighteen
Leagues olf •, and f/io' I cannot fay thai it rains eve-
ry day there, yet I know that it rains very much
and extraordinary hard.

I have been at this Ifle three Times ; and always
found it very rainy, and the Rains very violent. I
remember when we touch'd there in our Return from
Captain Sharps we boiled a Kettle of Chocolate be-
fore we clean'd our Bark ; and having every Ma>i

Fff ? ' hib

? ' I

^' ■ ,

U i

<i< ' 1

s .■■ '

Mil:

;9i

4' H:'

d ':

!■:<

^6 OJ the Sea/on of the Tear.

his Call.ibiifli full, we began to Tup it of}', ftandin"
all the 'I'imc in the Rain j but I am confident nor a
Man among us all did clear his Difh, for it raincil
io fall and iiicii great Drops into our CallabaOics,,
that alter we had fupM oil' as much Chocol.ui' m\
Kuin-water together as lufHced us, our Callabaflics
were ftill above half full ; and 1 heard fome of ihe
Men fwcar that they eon Id not (up it up lb l.id as
it rained in, at lait I grew tir'd with what I hiul left,
and threw it away : antl mod of the rell did In
like wife.

As Clouds do ufually hover over Hills and Moun-
tains, io do they alio keep near the Land. I have
iiQenrioned fonu'thing of this in my Voyage rotun
the IVorlJ. Chap. X. Piige 2S3. where I have fiil,
that in making Land we commonly find it cloudy
over the LantI, iho* 'tis clear every where bifid:':
And this may Hill confirm what I have faid in tin:
foregoing Difcouiie, that 1 lills arc commonly clou-
ded ; for high 1 and is the fird difeerned by us, and
that, as 1 laid Ijtlore, is comnionly clouded. But now
I Ihall fpeak hov/ we find tlie Clouds, when wc are
but a little way from Land, cither coailing alonjf the
Snore, or at an Anchor by it. 1 iiope the Kadcr
will not imagine that I am going to prove that it
never rains at Sc\^ or but very little there ; for the
contrary is known to every Body, and I havcrdrcady
faid in th.is Difcourfe of Winds in my firil Chapter,
I'hat there arc very frequent Tornadoes in Icvciat
Seas cfpecially near the T-quator, and more piiticu-
larly in the Atlaulick Sra. Ocher Seas arc nor 1)
much troubled with them ; neither is the Alianluk
fo to the North or South of the Line ; efpcciaily iit
any confiderablc Diilancc from the Shore, but yet \^
very proK^hk^ however, tiiat the Sea has not to grc,;!i
a Portion of 'I'ornadocs as tlie Land hath. !■ or when
wc are near tlie Shore within the I'orrid Zone, we
often fee it rain on the Land, and perceive ii to be

very

Of the Scafons of the Tear.

very cloudy therr, wlicn it is fair ar Sc.i, and (l\ircp
a Cloud to be lecMi thai way. And tho* wc have
the Wind tVoni the Shore, and th' Clouds fceming
to be drawinj.^ oil', yet they oiten wheel al)ouC again
to the Land, as it" they were mnj^^jnetically drawn
that way : Soineiimes indeed liiey do come olF a
little; but then they uliially either return ai^ain or
clfc infenlihly v iniJh •, and that's the Kcafoii thac
Seamen when they are failing near the Shore and fee
a Tornado coming oft', they don't much mind it,
but cry, the L.and ivill (kvour U : But however,
fonietimes they fly olV to Sea ; and 'tis very rare
that Tornadoes arile from thence -, for they gene-
rally rife firft over the Land, and that in a very
llrnnge manner ; for even from a very fmall Cloud
arifing over the Top of a LliiJ, I have often feen ic
increafe to iuch a Bidk, that I have known it rain
for tv/o or three Days fucct^fTive'/. This I have ob-
ferved both in the E^ijt and IVrjl-hidic^^ and 'n the
huth and North-Sens. And 'tis impoHlbh^ for me to
forget how oft I have been (iilhirbid by fuch fmali
Clou'is that appeared in the Night. 'Tis ufual witii
ut.imen in thofe part:> to Deep on the Drck, efpeci-
ally tor Privateers-, among whom I made theie Ob-
fervations. In Privateers, efpceially when we are at
an Anchor, the Deck is fpread with Mats to lie on
each Night. Every Man nas one, Ibme two i and
this with a Pillow for the Vlead and a Rug for a
Covering, is all the Bedding that is neceflary for
Men of tivat Km ploy.

Ihave many times Ipread my Lodging, wl^cn r!ie
Evening has piomifcd well, \vx hav;- hctn lorced to
withdraw betbre Day ■, antl ytl ii w is iujt a little
Rain that would afright me then •, neiilun* at its iirlt
coming could I have thought that fuch a fmall
Cloud coul.j afford lb much Rain : And oftenriiVies
both my fcif and others have been fo deceived by th;*
Appearance of fo fmall a Cloud, that thinking t:v^

tW'MI

;' Ml,

!^'l;

, I

■ I,
. t

i >■

[I,

,! ' I

|ftH:f

5 8 Of the Seafons of the Tear.

Rain would foon be over, we have lain till we were
dropping wet, and then have been forced to move
at lalt. But to proceed.

I have conftantly obferved, than in the wet Sea-
fon we had more Rain in the Night than in the
Day ; for tho* it was fiiir in the Day, yet we fddom
efcaped having a Tornado or two in the Night. If
we had one in the Pay, it rofe and came away pre-
fently, and it may be we had an Hour's Rain, more
or lefs ; but when it came in the Night, though
there was little Appearance of Rain \ yet we (hoiild
have it three or four Hours together •, but this has
commonly been nigh the Shore ; and we have ktw
thick Clouds over the Land, and much Tiiunder
and Lightning, and to our Appearance, there was
iriore Rain there than wc had •, and probably out
farther off at Sea, there might be ftill Icfs : For it
was comm-jnly pretty clear that way.

■■J

4-.

■%

CHAP.

G H A p. VIII.
Of Tides and Currents,

\k'T>ijference between Tides and Currents, No
flace in the Ocean without Tides. Where the
fides are great eft ^ and where fmalleft. Of the
Tides in the Harbour and Lagunes of Trift ;
m the Bay of Campcachy. Of thofe between
the Capes <?/ Virginia. The Tides in the Gulph
ef St. Michael i and the River of Guiaquil,
in the South- Sea. j^ miftaken Opinion of a
kbterranean Communication between the
Cowhand South- Seas, under the Ifthmus of
Daricn. Of the Tides at the Gallapagos /-
knds', at Gu2im, one of the h^dr ones: About
Panama ; In the Gulf Jo of Dulcc ^w^Neaoya
Kiver } on theCoafi of Peru, in the Wcft-in-
diesj and atToxic^ztn-^ where, andatNcw^-
Holland, they are very irregular. AGuefsat
the Reafon of fo great an Irregularity. Of the
Tides between the Cape of Good Hope and, the
Red-Sea. Of Currents. They are influenced by
the Trade- Wind. Inflames of them at Berba-
te, ij'c. at Cape La Vela ; /2«^ Gratia dc Di-
es. Cape Roman. i/7t Trinidado, Surinam i
Cape Blanco; between Kinz^ and Vii^iW. Of
Counter- Currents. Of Currents in the Bay of
Campcachy; and of Mexico; in the Gulph
"/Elorida. 0/7^6^ Cacufes. No ft range thing

for

\ *'

i {

i;lfi5

^:'':\

\ I

y. • »

liv

f 1 '
it i •

J'"

S>0

for the Surface of the Water to run counteri
its lower ^Parts. Of the Currents on the cJ
of Angola, Eafi of the Cape of God
J-Iopc : On the Coajl of India, North ofti
Line: And in the Sourh-Sea.

''it ti

^ 1:1

^*!;li'

:t' -;

Aim).

HAving treated of the Winds and Seafim of
Year in the Torrid Zone, I now come
fpeak of the 'Tides and Currents there.

And by the way Note. That,

By Tides I mean Flowings and Ebbings of theSe,
on or off from any Coaft. Which Property of t]
Sea feems to be univerfal ; though not rcguLulyj
Jikc on all Coails, neither as to Time nor the W\\
of the Water.

By Currents I mean another Motion of the Se
which is dificrent from Tides in feveral Refpeq
both as to its Duration, and alfb as to its Courfe.

Tides may be comparer] to the St\ and Linl
Breezes, in refpec^l to their keeping near thc^ Shore
tho* indeed they alternately How and ebb twice
24 Hours. Contrarily the Sea-Breezes blow ont
Shore by Day, end the Land- Winds oli" from it
the Night i yet they keep this Courfe ir, dulyinl
manner as the Tides do. Neithei' arc the Tid|
nor thofe Breezes fiir from the Land.

Currents may be compared to the Ccajfiag f/Vi
Wiihls^ as keeping at fome farther Diftancc fromtl
Shore, as the Trade-winds do ; and 'tis prob,ib|
they are much influenced by them.

* ris a general Belief, cfpecially among Seamej
That the Tides are governed by the Moon : Thj
their Increafe and Decreafe, as well as their cliiij
nal Motions, are influenced by that Planet ; th
fometimcs accidental Caufes in the Winds tn.;y hii|
der the true Regularity thereof.

Of Tides and Currents.

We are taught, as the firft Rudiments of Navi-
itioD, to fhift our Tides ; i. e. to know the time.
full Sea in any Place; which indeed is very
iceflaryto be known by all EngUfh Sailors, be-
ufe the Tides are more regular in our Channel,
n in other parts of the World.
But my fubjeifl being to fpeak of the Tides with-
er near the Tropick, I leave thofe in places nearer
'i/;J, to be difcourfed on by Coafters, who are
c^only knowing Men in this Myftery : They ha-
g by experience gained more Knowledge in it
an others •, and that is always the bcfc Mafter.
I have not been on any Coaft in the World,
t where the Tides have ebb'd and fiow'cf, either
lore or lefs j and this I have commonly obferv'd,
latthe greateft Indraughts of Rivers or Lagunes,
ye commonly the fbrongeft Tides. Contrarily luch
bafts as are lead fupplied with Rivers or Takes
.ve the weakelt Tides •, at Icaft they arc not fo per-
ptible. Where there are great Indraughts either
if Rivers or Lagunes, and thofe Rivers or Lagunes
ewide, though the Tide runs very ftrong into the
■hsof fuch Rivers or Lagunes, yet it does not
wfohigh, as in fuch Places where the Rivers or
akes are bounded in a narrow Room, though the
ides do run of an equal llrength at the Mouths
irEntrances of either. Neither do the Tides flow
much on or about IHauds remote from the Main
and, as they do on the Coalls of it.
I fhall firil give 'bme Inftances of thefe general
bftrvations, and tiien proceed to Particulars.
The Places that I Ihall mention fhall be fuch as
bve been in my fcif, and where 1 have made the
bfervations before mentioned i I Ihall begin with
elaguiie of Tn]}^ in the Bay of Car^peuchy.
This Place is very remarkable, in that it has two
inurhfiof a confiderable bi^ncfs ^ the one is about
Milcvad half wide, and about two Mile throu^ih,

before

1.1 !>.' |; .

*;i

l:iil

fill

■I

i;' !»

f.'j

I lit

. II'
t

( fi^i.

t; ^i *

'/tf \'U

.-, '.it

ii'S'

pa 0/ T'/W'^x ^»// Currents,

before you come to a Lagune, which is fcven
eight Leagues long, and three wide. The ot..
Mouth is 7 Leagues from it, and is about 2 Mii
and half, or 3 Miles wide, and about 2 Miles loni
before it opens into the Lagune : Befides, fart
within Land there are 3 or 4 more Lagunes lefs thi
the former.

The Tides that flow or ebb in all the La^u
pafsin or out at the two Mouths before-mention
which makes them run very fwift, infomuchtli
the Spaniards have named that great Lagune, Lan
jra ^ermiria, or the Lake of Tides ; becaufe tl
Tides are fo very ftrong in thofe two Mouths. Y
though the Tides do run fo fwift at the Mouth
the Lagune, they do not rife in height proportio
bic to that fwiftnefs ; for the greateft Tides h^
do not rife or fall above 6 or 7 Foot, except forci
by extraordinary Caufes, as Storms, or theliki
Of which I have Ipoken before.

I could alfo inftance in the Channel, between tl
2 Capes of VirgLuia^ where the Tides do run vei
fwifr ; yet the Floods and Ebbs are not propori
enable to the fwiftnefs of the Tides between tl
Capes. There are not indeed fuch Lagunes, as
'i'rtjtm the Bay of Campeachy, but there are ma
wide Rivers, and abundance of fmalier Cree
Befides, in fome places there is low Land, wh
over-flown by the Tides ; fo that all the Water tl
runs in with fuch fwiftnefs v/ithin the Capes is infei
fibly fwallowed up there.

Thelc arc inflances ot rtrong Tides, occafioni
by great Indraughts •, yet where there is but liti
rifing and falling of the Water in comparifon vi
the itrength of the Tides at the Mouths of th
Indraughts. I fliall next give lome Inflances
the great Indraughts, v.'here the Tides fiow ai
ebb much more than in the former Places; thou
the I'ide at the Mouths of thoic Indraii^lits d

Of Tides and Cnrrentsl

\l run fv/ifter than in tliofe Places before men-

bned.

jlliall only mention two Rivers in the Sautb-^ea,
latl have taken notice of in my Voyage round the
flil^ (viz.) the Gulph of St. Michael -, and the
jverof Guiaqtiil.

In the Gulph of St. Michael there are many large
ivers, which all difcmbogue into a Lagune of 2 or
Leagues wide. This Lagune is barricadoed from
Sea with fome fmall low Mangrovy Iflands, and
itween them are Creeks and Channels, through
ilich the Tides make their daily pafTes into the La-
e; and from thence into the Rivers, and lb back
bain ; many times over- flowing the laid Iflands, and
ving the tops of the lower Trees above Water.
The Rivers that run into this Lagune are pretty
irrow, and bounded on each fide with fteep Banks,
high as the Floods ufe to rife, and but very little
jher. For at High-water, and on a Spring-tide, the
i'atcr is almoft, or altogether even with the Land.
The Lagune at the Mouth of the Rivers is buc
ail, neither is there any other way for the Wa-
:r to force it felf into, befide the Lagune and
ivers ; and therefore the Tides do rile and fall
re 1 8 or 20 Foot.

[The River oi' Guiaquil^ in this refpeft, is much
fame with the Gulph of St. Michael •, but the
agunes near it are larger. Here the 'I'ide riles and
ills 1 6 Foot perpendicular.

[1 don't know of any other fuch Places in all the
Jith-Seas -, yet there arc other large Rivers on the
oaft, between thefe Places -, but none lb remark-
file for high Tides. The gi cat I'ides in rhe Gulph of
iMicha.^!h'.\vc doubilels been the occafion of that
fpinion, which fome hold, that tliere*s a fubccrra-
an Communication between the N. and the Soulh-
P^\ and that the Ifthmus of Darkn is like an
pcheJ Bridge, under which tlie Tides mnke their

ronlianr

:nf

.^H.:!::

^ .

!■ 5

if!. ,

■M h'

^ 111:

i! -I

i .H
1< -V

!H*

94. 0/ T>V/?j /7w^/ Currents.

conftant Courfes, as duJy as they do under Londot
Bridge. And more to confirm this Opinion foil
have lliid, that there arc continual and flrange Noif]
made .by thofe Subterranean Fluxes and Kcnuxcs)
and that they are heard by the Inhabitants of il
Ifthmus •, and alio that Ships failin^^; in the Bay J
Panardd arc tofs'd to and fro at a prodigious 1 it]
Sometimes (fay chey) they are by the boiJing of A
Water, dalli'd againll Iflands i and in a nionicntlel
dry there, or (laved in pieces -, at other times the
are drawn or fuck'd up, as 'twere, in a Wliirl-Pot
and ready to be carried under Ground into tj
North-Seas, with all Sails (landing. They have fd
alio, that when the Tide flows, efpecially on
Spring, the Iflands in the Bay are all overflown ; na^
and even the Country for a great way together : an
then nothing is to be feen, but the tops of Tree,
But if this were fo, 'tis much that I and thofe thi
I was with, fliould not have heard or feen romethinl
of it: For I pafs'd the Ifthmus twice, and was J
Days in tlie lafb Trip that I made over it ; but yj
did I never hear of any Noifes under Ground therj
I fliiled alfo in the ^^«//j~56'^zi (taking in both timj
that I VvMs there) near 3 Years : and fevcral Moiitn
of it I was in tlie Bay of Panama. And after
went away thofe of our Crew that remained therd
fpent a great deal more time in that Bay. Xi
did they never meet with fuch flrange "VVhirl-Poolj
but found as pleafmt lailing there, as any where r
the World. Neither did I ever hear any of ti
Spa/.'iards or Indians make mention of any fuch thid
in all my Converfe with them •, which certvUnly tha
would have done, if they had ever experienced ij
had it been only to terrific us, and fcare us a\va|
from their Coails.

I remember indeed our Country- man Mr. Gd
gives fonie hints of thefe llrange Currents in thI
Bay, m his Book, cAWcdy A New Sur-vcj of the\'s4

Indici

I,:,.

Of Tides and Currents'.

(Jies, from P. 538 to 440, but I am afraid he took

oft of it upon truft from others •, or elfe he was

a-fick all that little Voyage: for he gives a very

perfetit and lame Account of that Bufmefs, as if

underftood not what he wrote. I fhould diflike

IS whole Book for that one Story's fake, if I did

otknow that he has written candidly upon other

atters ; but I think I have faid enough of this :

proceed then.

As to the great Tides, which are reported to be
tl.:le Seas, I have given inftances of them, buc
ey a e not fo great as is reported \ neither do they
ibband flow fo much any v;here as in the Gulph of
t. Michael only : where indeed they flow over thofe
1 low Mangrove Iflands, at the Mouth of the
igimc, and leave only the tops of the low Trees
ibove Water •, for thofe Iflands arc very low, neither
they afford any high Trees. But however, the
[Hands at the Mouth of the Gulph, before you come
lothefe low ones, are near over-flov/n ; yet are they
ery fmall and low, in comparifon with other Iflands
in the Bay of Panama. And indeed fhould the Iflands
that Bay be over-flown, the City of Pana7na'^ou\d
ion be many Yards under Water. But fo far is
his from being true, that the Pearl Iflands which are
ery flat and low, are yet never overflown. For
kre the Tide rifeth and falls not above 10 or 11
bot on a Spring, at the Southermofl: end of them,
hich isalmoft oppofite to the Gulph of St. Michael^
iRd not above 12 or 14 Leagues diftant from it.
nd yet there it flows more than it does at or near
'anama., or any other Place in the Bay (except jult
ahe Mouths of Rivers J by 2 or 3 Foot. There-
fore all that report is wholly groundlefs.
But to go on.

I have alfo obfcrved, that Iflands lying aflir oflT at
Sea, have feldom fuch high Tides as thofe that are
iwr the Main, or as any Places on the Main it felf ;

■'%

i I.

• *»• V

tip

') ■ I

ml ^.

Bf b"

fi ;ti'

96 Of Tides ar.d Currents,,

as for example, at the Gahipagos Ijknds, which lii
about 100 Leagues from the Main •, the Tides don'
rife and fall above a Foot and half, or two Foo
which is lefs thap they do on the Coaft of the Mail
For on mod Places of the Main it rifcs and tails 201

3 Foot, more or lei's according as the Coaii: is niori
or lefs expofed to Indraughts or Rivers.

Guaffiy one of the Ladrone Iflands, is alfo an
ther inftance of this. There the Tide rifcdi not a
bove 2 or 3 Foot at molt. In rhe Bay ot Pamm
the Tides do keep a more conftant and regi
Courfe than on other Places on the Coafts of Pa
and Mexico ; h .vas for that reafon I called the
Currfnts in fome Places (mentioned in my ^op^
round the fVorid, as particularly near Guatulou^ ci
ti\^'Mcxican Conti^ient^ in Chap. IX. Page 2::!8.1bui
it was truly a Tlae (which there I called a Current^
and it lets to ihe EaRward as the Eb':) doth to thi
Weft. The Tides there do rife and fall about
F'oot, as they do on moft part of that Coafc.

Ac Ria Leja they rife and fall about eight or nim
Foot.

At Amapala they alfo rife and fall about 8 or
Foot, and the Flood there runs to the Eaft, an
the Ebb lo the Weft.

■ In the Gulph of Duke and Neicoya River, the
rife to 10 or 11 Foot; but on the Coail oiPm
they don't rife fo high, efpecially on all the Coaf
between Cape St. Frauds and the River Guumi
there the Flood runs to the South, and the l-^bb t
the North.

At the Wand Plata the Tiue rifes and lalls 3 ui

4 Foot ; but from Cape £'/t7.i^o, in about 3 d. Sou:ii|
to 30 d. South, the Tides are fmalkr •, there riu"
rife and Uill not above a Foot and a half, or 2 l-'oo'
'l\\t Flood on tills CoLUl fcts to the South, an
the Ebb to the ^orih.

»■ ''4^ -'ill! '^

ht\ Lis

!,4 ' (

--^

Ill— "

Of Tides and Currents,

In all my Cruilings among the Privateers, I took
notice of the Rifings oF the Tides •, becaul'c by
inowing it, I always knew where we might belt
bul afliore and clean our Ships : which is alio great-
ly obl'erved by all Privateers.

In mofl: Places of the JVeJi-Indies, the Tide flowi
Ibut little over what it does in oui Channel.

In the Eaft-Indlcs njfo the Tides are but fmall on
nolt Coafts, neither are they fo regular as with us.

The moft irregular Tides that I did eve." meet
., are at 'Tonqiicen in about 20 d. North Lati*
Jtude, and on the Coaft of ISew-HoUand^ in about
jiyd. South. In both thefe Places, the neap Tides
Ve fcarce difcernable. Thoie of ^cnquccn are de-^
[fcribed at large by Mr. Daver.port, who was ini-
ployed by Mr. James when he was Chief of the
h:ili(h Fadors there, to obferve them: And the
khole Difcourfe is publilhed in The Pbilofiphkal
fwifa^ions of the Royal Society : whither I refer

At New-Holland I had two Months time to ob-
trve the Tides. There the Flood runs E. by N.
y the Ebb W. by S. And they rife and tail
ibout fi^^e Fathom.

In all the Springs that we lay here, the higheft
»ere three Days after the F^uU or Change, and that
K'boutany perceptible Caufe in tliC Winds or Wea-
b. I niult confcis we were ftartled ac it •, and
fiiough foinc of us had obfcrved it in the Springs,

: happened while we lay on the Sand to clean our
S'lip, (as I have mentioned in my former Volume,
intituled, A ncvo Vuyage round the li crlJ. Ch. XVI.

G g ^ Pag:

111,

'. i

!■

.1"'

'Mi V

.1
f, ^

98 Of Tides and Currents'.

Page 471.) yet in that Spring that we dcfigrjc] ts
haul olF, in order to be gone frotn thence, we didi
all take more particular Notice of it thin in the
preceding S^Miiigs ; for many had not taken noticfl
of it before: And therefore the Major- part o{ tha
(.'omp ly, fuppofing that it was a Miftake in ujl
who made thofc former Obfc^rvations, expected to|
haul off.the Shin the third Tide after thcChangf'n
but our Ship did not float then, nor the next Tide
neither, which put them al! into an Amazement, and]
a great Confternation too : For many thought we
Ihould never have got her off at all, but by digj
ging away the Sand i and fo clearing a PafTageforl
her into the Sea. But the fixth Tide cleared ;il
thofe Doubts ; for the Tide then rofe fo high, as tol
float her quite up ; when being all of us ready tol
work, we haul'd her ofi^ •, and yet the next Tide was!
higher than that, by which we were now all|
throughly fatisfied, that the Tides here do not keep]
the fame time as they do in England.

This I mufl: alfo obferve, That here was no Ri-
ver, nor I .agune, nor any other Indraught on thcl
Land near us, that might occafion thefe great Tides}!
tho' 'tis very probable that the great Rending be-j
tween Nczv- Hoi land and New-iinhwa^ inay havebothl
Rivers and Tagunes, which may caufe thefe greafi
Tides ; or elfe there may be a Pafllige of the Seal
between both Places ; as it is laid down in foiricl
Draughts: Or if neither of thefe, there may beat]
Icafl: a large and d^^ep Sound.

This is the more probable, becaufe of the cxtraor-l
dinary Flood that fets to the Ealt-ward in all thatl
Sea, between Nnv-Holland^ and the Iflands lying]
North of it, which we mofl: fenlibly perceived,!
when we were near Neiju-Holland : And fiirli a Tide]
AS this muft: of NecefTity have a greater Indraught]
than barely a River or Lagune ; and 'tis the more]

likely

Of Tides and Currents]

likely ftilU ^^'^t this Tide Ihould have a Paflagc
hrouc,h between New- Holland and New-Guinea^ or
It leall a deep Sound there * bccaufe it keeps along '
L the Main, and doth not run in among the IQands
10 the North of it. And befides, the Northermoll
promontory of Ntw-Holland flioots down ahiioll
l„ the Line, which fcems to be a Barrier to it on
Lit (ide ; therefore it may in Rcafon be fuppofe^l
|o have its Puluige fome other way ; but of this
jgucfs, I have laid enough.

In the Streights of Malacca the Flood fets to the
\H, and the Kbb to the Well.

I have found the Tides at Malacca Town, to rife
land hW about fix Foot on a Spring. I had the Ex-
Ipericnce of two Spring-Tides, when I was Captain
tM/«r/?i«'s Mate, as is before-mentioned in my Voy-
lage from Achin to Malacca,

On tliii Eaft-fide of the African Coaft, between
Ithe Cape of Good Hope and the Red-Sea ; the Tide
keeps its ronftant Courfe. The Flood runs to the
Southward , the Ebb to the Northward. And at a
Spring-tide in the Rivers on that Coalt, the Tide ri-
les and falls iix Foot, elpecially in the River of ISIa-
\k\ in Lat. 30 d. South.

I have this Relation fiom Capt. Rogers, who is a
very ingenious Perfon, and well experienced on that
Coaft", and is now gone Commander of a fma''
I Veffel thitherto trade.

Having already largely treated of Tides, I corns
now tofpeak furncv/hat of Currents.

!' ''1 1
1(1 1

W^ '•(':

^'gg

Currents

111

If ' .

l!,"

;* !

joo Of Tides and Current si

Currents and Tides diiVer many ways j fop
Tides run forwatrt, and back again, iwiJ
every twenty four 1 lours : on the contrary Currcntil
run a Day, a Week, nay, Ibinctimcs more, en]
way : and then, it may be, run anotl»cr w.iy.

In fome particular Places they run fix Month]
one way, and fix Months another.

In other Places they ronftantly run one wayonh
a day or two, about full Moon, and then they run
llronp; againfl: the former Courfc •, and after that, re]
turn the fame way again.

In fome Places they run conftantly one way, and
never fliift at all.

The Force of Tides is generally felt near th^
She re •, whereas Currents are at a remote Dilhncei
neither are the Elfe(^h of them fenfibly ilifcerned
by the rifing or falling away of the Water as tholi
of the Tides are ; for thefe commonly fee alonj
Shore.

'Tis gcncrallv obferved by Seamen, that in al
Places where Trade-winds blow, the Current isinj
fluenccd by them, and moves the fame way witii
the Winds; but 'tis not with a like Swiftiids in all
Places i neither is 'c always fo difcernablc by us ill
the wide Ocean, :is it is near to fonK* Coaft ; anj
yet it is not fo difcernablc neither, very near anj
Coad, except at Capes and Promontories, that
far forth out into the Sea -, and about Iflands alfl
the Kffcil^s of them are felt more or lefs, as theylyj
in the way of the Trade* Winds.

I fliall Inllance B.jrhiloes for one, and all thj
Caribbec!-^ ni;iv iis well be included.

Thi

one, and all m

Of Tides and Currents,

The greater Iflands, as Hifpaniola^ Jamaica and
Cuba have only fomc particular Capes or Hcad-
Laiitls, cxpofcd to Currents, as Cape ^ibcroon on
Hifj'nniola^ Point Pedro^ and the N. E. Point of Ja-
niTMiy Cape de Cruz^ Cape Coricntes^ and Cape Auto*
i\m on Cuba : But of all the Iflands in the JVeft-In-
flirs there are none more fenfiblc of Currents than
Coirijiio and Aruba^ nor any Capes on the Conti-
nent fo remarkable for Currents as Cape Rotnan^
which Ihoots out againft the Sea, between thofe two
Plates, as alio Cape Coquibaco and Cape La Vela to
Leeward, all three on the fame Head-Land, which
fhoots forth fiir, without any other Land on the
Coaih

There is no fuch Head- Land till you come to
Cdpe Gratia de Dios^ which is about 260 Leagues to
Leeward. Indeed to the Eaftward there is Liand
that trends out almoft fo far, within 150 Leagues of
it! {y'iz.) The liLmd Tnmdado and the Landagainll
it i and there alio are great Currents. But I fhall
firft fpeak of the Currents between Cape La Vela and
Qdtc Gratia de Dios.

The Currents at Cape La Vela do feldom fiiifc,
therefore Ships that ply to Windward to get
about it, do not ply near the Shore, but (land ofl' to
Sea, till they come in Sight of Hifpamola, and then
b;ick again, till within about fix or eight Leat^'ics
ol the Cape, but not nearer. But in tne WedL-rly
Wind-Sealbn, which is from Oil h^r till March^
Ships often meet Wcderly Wincis that "lalV two or
three Days with which rhey may run to the Kail-
vaid, without any Trouble.

Between Cape La Vela and Cape Gratia de DioSy
the Currents are much different from what they are
againll the Cape : and this I'eems to proceed from
i: Mi\ke ot the Land •, for the Shore between the

G g jj 3 two

lOI

I;,

(

fr,

iC.

)•'

Ml
f

3 i

:l'

■I :

■ij.l'lll

-' r

502 Of Tides 'and Currents.,

two Capes, runs into the Southward, making the
great Bay : And this Bay aftbrds more Varieties of
Winds and Currents, than any one part of tiie
JVeJl'Indies befides.

Here, in the Weftcrly Wind-Seafon, the Current
fets to the V/ellward conliantly ; but fometimes
ftronger than at other rinics. At about four
Leagues off Shore, you find it-, and lb it continues

till you are 20 25, or 30 Leagues off.

Beyond that you -meet with an Eaflerly Wind-, andj
if there is any Current it runs alfo to the Weft-
ward : therefore Ships that are bound to the Weft-:
ward, mull run ofi to Sea thirty or forty Leagues]
to get a Wind, or elfe if they have but a little way}
to go, they mull ply clofe under the Shore, that
fo they may anchor when they pleafe: Otherwifd
they will be carried away to the Eaflward, fourteen j
or fixteen Leagues in a Night's time •, and that too, |
though they have a faint Eafterly Wind, as fre-
quently they meet with, though 'tis theWe(ler]y|
Wind-Seafon.

'. ■ ■'

1^11 -is,

. \

To the Eaft of Cape Rojnan^ as high as tlie Idand
^Tr'inidadoy you meet only a foaking faint Current,
fetting to the Weftward, except only near futh ph-l
CCS as fhoot out farthefl into th^ Sea, as about the
^Tefiegps^ which are fmall Iflands lying to Wind-ward
of the Ifland Margarita. Between thofe Iflands and
the Main, you meet with a pretty ftrong Current:
therefore it is hard getting to the Eaflward there ;
but on all the Coafl, between Cape Roman and the |
Head-Land, fliooting out towards the ^<^/?^^w, yoii
may ply up with the Land and Sea-Brcezes.

From thence, till you come as high as the hall-
end of Triuidado IJle^ you meet with an extraorui

najy ftrong Current,

From

Of Tides and Currents.

From the Eall-end of frhiiclado, till you come to
Surimm, though you meet an Eaftcrly Current, yet
»tis pofllbJe to beat it up with the Land and Sea-
Breezes.

From Surinaifi alfo to Cape Blanco^ you may turn
it up, though to be fure you'll meet with Currents
fecting to the Weft ; except near the Full of the
Moon j and then on all the Coafts before mentio-
ned, we commonly meet with Currents, fetting to
the Eaftward •, at leaft then it flackens and ftands
ftill, if it doth not run to the Eaftward. But when
you are come as far to the Eaft as Cape Blanco,
on the North of Brazil^ you meet with a Current
always againft you •, and fo from thence Southerly,
as far as Cape St. Auguftine,

There is no dealing with this Promontory •, for ir
llioots out fo far into the Sea, and thereby lies fo ex-
pofed to the Sea-Breezes and the Currents, that
ibak down between Jfrka and Brazil, that it is
quite contrary to Reafon to think there fliould not
always be a ftrong Current fetting to the N. W.

I have before hinted. That in all Places where
the Trade blows, we find a Current fetting with the
Wind, which is not fo perceptible in the wide Sea as
nearer the Shores •, yet even there the Force of the
Winds conftantly blowing one way, may, and
probably does, niove the Surface of the Water along
with it.

From hence it maybe inferred, that the Souther-
ly Winds on the Coaft of Africa, and the true Trade
between it and Brazil, gently move the furface of
the Sea with it, and the IVade being moftly at
S. E. drives the Sea to the Northward, llanting in
on the Coaft of Brazil \ which being there ftopp'd

i] g g 4 by

105

'ill ' iii

■1

( '

WW
fl|l!!i|i

10+ Of , Tides and Current f.

by the Land, bends its Courfe Northerly towards
Cape St. Juguftine : And after it has doubled that
great Promontory, it falls away more gently to-
•wards the Coaft of Surinam -, and from thence to-,
wards the JVeJl-Indies. For after it has doubled that
Promontory, it has more room to fpread it felf,
and thereby becomes weaker in Motion, being agi-
tated by the Trade-winds, which to the North of
the Line, we find commonly blowing at E. N. E.
iind this (till bears the Sea flanting down along the
Coail to the Weitward. And probably 'tis for this
Reafon, that we find the Current fctting ftron^cft
near thofe Head-Lands before-mentioned. Where-
as at Barhadoes, and other of the Caribbee-Ifiands,
we find only a foaking Current, fuch as fecms to
arife only from the Conltancy of the Trade-winds
blowing there, and ndt from an Original Current,
from the South-part of the ^//<r/«/ic^- : which, as I
fud before, doubles about Cape St. /hgujlim; and
io coails along pretty nigh the Shore,

The Currents about the IfiAnd TrinidnJo, and at
Currlfao and Arnha^ as alfo between rh.em and 0.\\i
Roman feem to indicate as much. The Currents
ailo between Cape Romany and Cape ha Vela indicite
tiic l.in'ie.

' ui

,t'

; ■•■ A- *

V i«i

W'W-

■.tlai'i','

From Cape La Vela the Currents f^t dill to the
Weftward, towards Cape Gratia ik Dios ; but in a
dirctt Line, and not borrowing or fiancinu; in to-
v/ardi the Shore. For, as I faid before, it is a large
Biy, and Currents commonly fct from one Hw.d"
Land to another i lb that Bays have leldom any ■■> or
if they have, they are only Couiiter-Currcnts. And
rhefc Counter-Currents too do iet Ironi one Point
to another, without interfering wirh the littlf Bays
between. And 'tis alio very probable that ui'^ic
Counicr-Curients, fuch as we nK;et with in :hi.vBuy,

f"t dill to the

Dio^ ; but in a

Of Tides and Currents,

|in their Seafons, aftef- they have fur rounded the
JBay, and are got as far to the Eaft as Cape La Vela^
jwhecl off there, and turn about again with the
jStream to the Weftward, like an Eddy in a River.

From Cape Gratia de Dios the Current fets away
|N. W. towards Cape Catoch^ and fo paffes away to
[the Northward, between Cape Catoch on Jucatarty
and Cape Antonio on Cuba.

In the Channel between thofe two Capes, we com-
Lonly find a ftrong Current fetting to the North-
[ward : And here I have found them extiaordinary
I ftrong.

On the North-fide of Jucatan, as you pafs into
Itlie Bay of Campeacby, you meet with a fmall foak-
ing Current to the Weftward, even down to the bot-
tom of the Bay of Mexico -, but on the North-fide
of the Bay of Mexico the Current fets to the Eaft-
ward: And 'tis probable that is the reafon, that the
wmiardsy coming f.om La Vera CruZy keep that
ijiore aboard. And 'tis as probable that the Cur-
rent, which fets to Leeward, on all the Coaft from
Cape St. Augujlinc to Cape Catoch, never enters the
Bay of Mexico; but bends ftijl to the Northward,
till 'tis check'd by the Florida ftiore *, and then
[wheels about to the Eaft, till it comes nearer the
Gulph's Mouth, and there joy ning with the foaking
I Current that draws down on the North-fides of
Itiifpanioia and Ciiba^ pafies altogether with great
ftrength through the Gulph of Florida , which is
I the moft remarkable Gulph in the World for its
[Currents; becaufc it always fets very ftrong to the.
North. Yet near the ftiores on each fide this Gulph,
there are Tides, efpecially on the Florida fliore ;
and Ships may pafs which way they pleafe, if they
are acquainted.

It has formerly been accounted very dangerous
toniect with a North in this Gulph ; and for that
Rcaibn our Jamaica Ships to avoid them, have rather

chofeii

lt}>

.\\ ',:

^vl'

i 1!v

106 Of Tides and Currents.

chofen to go to the Eaftward, and pafs through the

Cacufes in the Seafcn that the Norths do blow. The.

Cacufes are Sands that lye off the N. W. end of Im

paniola. Thofe that went from Port-Royal in Jamkl

had good Reafon for this ; for if a Nonh took thpmi

at their going out, it would help them forward

their way, which, fhould they have been goino lO^

wards the Gulph, it would obftruft them. The^

befides, if a North take a Ship in the Gulph, the

Wind blowing againft the C"rrent makes an cxtra4

ordinary Sea, and fo thick :.ume the Waves one af]

ter another that a Ship can't poflibly live in it \ yej

of late they go through at all times of the Year]

and if a North takes them in the Gulph, they puta]

way right before the Wind and Sea, with a Ibalj

Head-Sail ; yet the Current is then as flrong oj

llronger then at other times •, and forces them back]

Hern toremoll againft both Wind and Sea : For thol

the furface of the Sea is raifcd in Waves and driveii

violently with the Winds to the Southward, yet th^

Current underneath runs Hill to the Northward

neither is it any ftrange thing to fee two diffcreni

Currents at one place and time, the fuperfic':'.! Waj

ter running one way, and that underneath runnins

a quite contrary : For fomet'mcs at an Anchor,

have feen the Cable carry i thus by two differeni

Streams, the under part having been doubled ond

way, and the upper part the contrary. But 'tis cerj

tain, in all other parts of the World, the Currenj

fhifts at certain times of the Year •, As in the Ea.'d

Indies they i un from Eaft to Weft one part of th|

Year, and from Weft to Eaft the other part : Ol

as in the JVeft-hidies and Guinea^ where they ihiftonj

ly near a Full Moon. This is meant of parts oj

the Sea near any Coafl •, yet there are flrong Ciirj

rents in the wide Ocean alfo, fetting contrary t(]

th*" Rules before-going : I mean againft the Trade |

but 'tis nor common. j,

Of Tides and C rrentsl

On the Coaft of Guinea the Current lets Eaft, ex-
Icept at or near a full Moon ; but to the South of
"the Line from Loango^ to 25 or 30 d. the Current
Ifetswiththe Wind from S. to N. except near the Full.
To the Eaftward of the Cape of good Hope^ from
ijod. South, to 24d. South, the Cui rents from M?y
Itill 0^. fet E. N. E. and the Winds then are at W. S.
W. o,r S. W. but from O^. till Maj^ when the Winds
are between the E. N. E. and E. S. E. the Currents run
to the Weft. Thefe Currents are thus found from 5
or 6 Leagues off the Ihorc to about 50. Within 5
[Leagues off the Shore you have the Tide, and not a
Current ; and being pafl 50 Leagues off Shore, the
Current either ceafeth quite, or is imperceptible.

On the Coaft of India^ North of the J^ine, the
Current fets with the Monfoon, but does not fhift
altogether fo foon, fomctimes not by 3 Weeks or
more, and then never fliifts again till after the Mon-
foon is fettled in the contrary v/ay. As for Example,
the Weft Monfoon fets in the middle of April^ but
the Current does not fnift till the beginning of May.
So when the Eaft Monfoon fets in about the middle
(\[ September ^ the Current does not ^■\\hi\[\Oi:iober,
In the South-Seas on the Coaft oi Peru, the Cur-
rent fets from South to North, even from ^od. to
the Line, and to 3 or 4 d. North of it.

At the Gallapagos IJIands we found a foaking Cur-
rent, not very ftrong, but fo ftrong that a (hip
coald get very litrle by turning ; and 'tis probable
that nearer the Main, they are ftronger becaufe of
theconftant Southerly Winds.
Tne moft remarkable Places for Currents in the
kith-Seas ', are Cape St. Francis^ Cape Pajfao, Cape
k Laurence and Cape Blanco. This laft has com-
monly very ftrong Currents fetting to the N. W.
ivhich hinders Ships mightily -, and the more becaufe
itisr. very windy place j fo that many times Ships

107

:i^:r' '

) IS >'<

10% Of Tides and Currents,

are not able to carry their Top-fails ; and then it ii
but bad plying to Windward againft a Current.
had not fo much Experience of the Mexican Coaftl
becaufe we commonly kept within the Verge of thl
Tides. But on the Coaft: of Guata?nala, in the Lad
of 12 d. 50 m. and 13 d. we had a Current fettinJ
S. W. and it is probable that there alfo the Currenl
fets with the Winds. For, as it is before noted, thl
Currents on all Coafts fets r's the coafting Trad
does.

And thus have I finifhed what my own Experi
ence, or Relations from my Friends, have furniihej
me with on this ufeful Subjeft of JVinds^ Tides^ Cd
rcnis^ &c. which I humbly offer, not lis a complej
nnd perfe(5fc Account, but as a rude and imperfeij
Beginning or Specimen of what may belter be don
by abler Hands hereafter. And I hope this i-nay
ufeful fo far as to give a few Hints to direft t!ij
jnore accurate Obfervation of others.

''■■ {

The ^jllswing Taprr, contatn'm^ a (Ijo'^t Dcfcnft'on of a pxrt of Afrid
ry:at is not ivell knovpn fo Europeans, / thougf^^t would not i>e urJ
leptabh to the curious Reader I have therefore amexU it. A
itcelVil it from my ingemoH} Tntnd C;//;f. Rogers, iW/S » iWl
^orie to th:4t Flare: and hath been there fevtrai timet i/efore.

'T'HE Country of Natnl takes about 5 d. and half of La:, fioj
N. ro S. King between the Lat ot 5« cJ. 30 m. Soufh af
'iS N. 'Tis bounded on the S. by a Counrry inhabited byj
f.nall Njiion ot" Savage People, cailcJ by our Enjji']:^ W'Uvi
Men, that live in Cavos and in Holes ot' P-ocks, and have no j
thcr Hciufes but fiioh as arc formed by Nature: They are ot!
low Siature, rauny-colour'd, wirh ciilped Huir- They are d
counti-j very cruel to their Enemies. Their Weapons are Bo\|
and Foiibnc-d Arrows. Thelc People hivr for th;'ir Kcig^'-^i'
on thr S. the Hrtt.in'.ors. T)elhigOA is a Nuvij^abic Rivoi In Lit.:
S. that bounds N.^t-U on th.- N. The Inhalntanr.3 of this Ri»
have a Commerce with the Vortngm-fe ot" Mor.amttijt'.e, whoi
'ifir then in hnaii Eaiks, and traJ.e there for Kiephants Tc^ti
\\\di ihey have j^reat F!«nty, Some /;»_^V//; too h.avc Ute.y l3
ere 10 purchase TceLh, particulaiiy Q^^z. l:'re:.l,. ;uil mr;::'J<

w
the

^^mmmi

MMM

Of Natal in Africk:

iomy former Volume, Ch.i^ 5. P. f to. who after he had been m
the River of Ddlagoa, and purchafcd 8 or xo Tun of Teeth, loft
iis Ship on a Rock near Atadagafcar. The Country of Natal lies
open to the Indian Sea on the EiH, but how far back it runs to the
Weftward is not yet known. ,

That part of the Country which refpctfts the Sea is plain Cham-
pion and woody ; but within Land it appears more uneven, by rca»
(on oi many Hills which rife in unequal Heights above each other.
Yft is it interlaced with pleafant Valleys and large Plains, and 'tis
chcckcr'd with Natural Groves and Savannahs. Neither is there
any want of Water; for every Hill affords little Brooks, which
giidc down feveral v/ays; fome of which after ic/eral Turn-
ings and Windings, meet by degrees and make up the River
of Katal, which difchargerh it lelf into the EaQ'li^itlmn Ocean in
the Lat. of 30 d. South. There it opens pretty wide and is deep
fDOUgh for fmall Vcflels. But at the Mouth of the River is a
Bar which has not above ten or eleven Foot W.ttcr on it in a
Spring-tide J though within there is Water enough. This River is
the Principal of the Country of Nucal. and has been lately fre-
quented Ly fome of our Engiijh Ships particularly by a i'mall Veflel
that Captain Rogers, formerly mcniioned, command<»d.

There are alio other Streams and Rivers, which bend their
Courfcs Northerly, efpecially one oi a conliderable Bigncfs about
ICO Mile within Land, and which runs due North.

The Woods are compofed of divers forts of Trees; many of
which arc very good Timber, and fit for any ufcs, they being tal
d large. The Savannahs alfo are cloathcd with kindly thicic
Grifs.

The Land-Animals of this Country are Lyons, Tygers, EIc-
fhints, Buffaloes, Bullocks, Deer, Hogs, Conies, c^f. Here arc
»lfo Abundance of Sea Hoi ks.

fiuH'aloes and Bullocks only arc kept tame, but the roll are ail
wild.

Elephants are fo plenty here that they feed together in great

Troops; 1000 or 15-00 in a Company; Mornings and Evenings

I they arc feen gra'dng in the Savannahs, but in the Heat of the

Day, they rctiw into the Woodsr, aid they are very peaceable if

Inotmolcfted.

Decrs are very numerous here alfo. They teed quietly in the
iSivannnhs among the tame Cattle, for they are fcldom di-
|llurbcdby the Natives.

Here are Fowls of divers forts; fome fuch a*" we have in "Eng-
IW, viz,. Duck and Teal, both tajne and wilJ : and plenty of
Cocks and Htns. Bcfides Abundance of wild Birds, wholly un-
I known to us.

Here are a fort of large Fowls as bic^ as a Peacock, which
liive many fine coloured Feathers. They arc "try rare and

Hiv.

There

109

hi
k

:ii

' P

i ;

'1.

!■'' J >

■'"I.

Of Natal in Afiick.

There are others like Curlews, but bigger. The flcfli of (|,t|'.
is black, yef fweer aud wlioUlbme Meat.

The Sea and Rivcis alfo doahound in FiPiof divrs Sorts; vcttlle^
Natives do but leldom endeavour to rake any, except Tortoifes; and
that is chiefly wlun they conic aflioie in the Night to lay their
Eggs. Though *hcy have alio another very odd way, which thevi
ibmetimes make uie or to catch Turtle or Tortoifes. They take!
a living lucking Fifh or hemority and i'alining a rouplcoF Itrir.-^tol
ir, (one at the Head and the o:her at the Tail) they let tlic ri!:kiii»|
Fifh down into the Water on the Turtle Grounci, among the halF.I
grown or young Turtle: and when they find that the FUli hatjj
faftned himfeU" to the bac'' of a Turtle, as he will foon do, rheyl

Tu'tle up rof^ether. This w.:y of hlUiig

Country are but of a middle Stature, yetj

The Colour of their Skins is black; theirl

are o\ "iraged: their Noles neither flatnorl

then draw hir and rl
(as I '. "ve he'T, -si

The Natives ct
Jiave very g( >d :
Hair crifped; the)

this

high, but very well proportioi cd : their Teeth are white, and theirl
Afpcdt is altogether graceful.

They are nimble People, but very lazy: which probably Is fori
want of Commerce. Their chief Employment is Hushandrv,!
They have a great many Bulls and Cows, which they carefuiiyl
look aiteri for every Mau knows his own, though they run alll
promifcuoufly together in their Savannahsj yet they have Pens nearl
thnr own Houfes, where they make r ;m gentle and bring themf
to the Pail. They alfo Plant Corn, and fence in their Fields to kefpj
out all Cattle as well tame as wild. They have Guinea Corn, which!
is their Bread j and a fmall fort of Grain no bigger than Muftard-
fefd, with which they make their Drink.

Here are no Arts nor Trades profefled among them, but everyl
one makes for himfelf fuch Necefl^aries, as Need or Ornament re{
quires, the Men keeping to their KrDploymenr, and the Women tol
theirs.

The Men build Houfes, Hunt, Plant, and do what is to bedonsj
abroad. And the Women Milk the Cows, drefs the Victuals, ej-J
and manage all Matters within Doors. Their Houfes are not greatf
nor richly furnifhed; but they are made clofe and well thatchdJ
that neither Winds nor Weather can hurt them.

They wear but few Cloaths, and thofeextraordinavy mean. Thd
Men go in a manner naked, their common Garb being only afquird
piece of Cloath made with Silk-Grafs, or Moho'RinJ, and wroughtj
in form of a fl ort Apron. At the upper Corners it has twollrapsj
to tye round their Waftes; and the lower-end being finely fringe!^
with the fame hangs down to their Knees.

They have Caps made with Beef Tallow of about 9 or 10 Inches
high. They are a great while of making thefe Caps: tor th^
Tallow mull be made very pure, before 'tis fit for this ufe. Bei.desI
they lay on but a little ar a time and mix it finely among theHjiril
sad fo it never aftcrwat d.^ comes olf thcix Heads. When thev gol

a mi

i ■ ■|v 'jji^|!'»'

Of Natal in Africk.

TII

li'.jntir.}*, whicli is but feldom. they pare off ^ or 4 Inches from
llhTtopof it. that 10 it may lit the ihuggcr ; but the next Day they
jUin to build it up again, and fo they do every Day til] 'tis of a
[totnt and falhionahle height.

It would be a moft ridiculous thing for a Man here to be fcen
Li':hout a Tallo -Cap. But Boys arc noc luffcrcd to wear any,
hili they come Maturity; anvl then th^y begin tu build upon
Itticir Heads. T Women have cr'y fViort Petticoats which reach
Ifrom the \^^afle to the Knc- When it Rains the cover their
iBoclies with '-■ imple Cows-hide» thrown over tueir Shoulders
llik- a Blanket.

"He commc u Subfiftence of thefc People is Bread made of Guinea
jCorn, Beef, Fifh, Milk Du"k-, Iit.js, Rggs, ^r. They alfo drink
Millcotten to quench their Third: and this fomctimes when it is
liwcet, but commonly they let it be lower Hrft.

Bdides Milk, which is the common Drink, they make a bet-
itcr Ibrt'^f the lame Grain before mentioned, purpofely to be merry
I with. And when they meet on fuch Occafic^n^, the Men make
tbemfelves extraordinary fine, with Feathers ftuck into their Oaps
[very thick. They ijiakc ufe of the long Feathers of Cocks Tails,
jjndnoneelfe.

Belides ihefe Ilead-Ornamcnts they wear a piece of Cow-hide,
Imadc like a Tail, and 'tis faftened behind them as a Tail, reach-
ling from tncT Wallc to the Ground. This piece of Hide is about
Inches br ad, and c "h lide of it is adorned with little Iron
[Rings of their own making.

When they are thus attired, their Heads a little intoxicated
y the Mulick playing, they'll .-^kip about merrily, and Ihake
jtlicir Tails to fome purpofe; but are very innocent in their
[Mirth.

Every Man may have as many Wives as he can purchale
hi nuinrain : And without buying here are none to be had :
[miiher is there any other Commodity to be bought or fold but
[Women,

Young Virgins are difpofed of by their Fathers, Brothers, or
[nearcft Male Relations. The price is according to the Beauty of
[tlie Damfel.

They have no Money in this Country, but give Cows in
|«change for Wives: And therefore he is the richell Man that
i moft Daughters or Sillers j for to be fure he will <- 't Cattle
jtoough.

They make merry when they take their Wives; but the Bride
[tfiesallher Wedding D-y. They live together in fmall Villages,
[indthe oldeft Man governs the reft; for all that live together in
Vi lagc are ;j-kio, and therefore willingly fubmit to liis Go-
I'frnment,

41
•i ■

They

.4:r-

'4'

,12 0/ 'Natal in Africk.

They are very jufl: and extraordinary civil to Strangers; TkiJ
was remarkably experienced by two Englijh Seamen that lived J
jnonp them five Years j their Ship was call away on thcCoift]
and fhe reft of thrir Conforts marched to the River of DW/4|)j|
but they ftayed here till Captain Koptrs accidentally came hi'hti
and took them away wi'hhim: They had pained the Languai
of the Country: and the Natives freely pave them Wives and CowJ

too. They were beloved by all the People, and fo muchrcverencci
that their Words were taken as Laws. And vvhcn they came!
away, many of the Boys cried becaufe they would not takethetnl
with them.

FINIS.

i m

1 NT> El\

General INDEX

T O

Dampier's voyages.

Vol. I. and II.

liVii^t, That in this 7;;^/^?^ the fcvcral Parts of the
Work arc thus diitinguilhed :

lO. Refers to Voyage rouud the World \ or Vol. I.

\i To the SnppJeuieut of the Voyage rouud the
Worlds or Vol. II. Part i.

|C.To the Campcjchy Voyages; or Vol. IT. Part 'ii

pV. To the Diicourlc of the JVinds^ &c. or Vol.
II. Part ^

I Any Figure that has not one of thcfe Capital Let^
UTS immediately prefixM, is to be ta'.^cn as re-
ferring to that which goes ncarelt before it.

\i Signifies Defer ibed^ whether wholly, or in part.

ACuplco, its remarkable Lciad, d. O. r^\\, the T. Port anJ
Caftle, J. t44, 6, 7. ics Trade and Courlc of it, C. izf. O.

Acapulco Sliip, its Courfc, O. 24f, 6. aff. 160. 2S5. 290, r.
'fi.^bjjS, 9. and why, zSo.aimcdat by thePnvatftrs. 244. ij-f ;
1;. jSp.but mift, 260,303,584. like to be loll on a ShoaJ, 303..
|;Sf taken by C^vendiJJ}, 26u.
Accomptants, bad and good, S. 137.
Aclmr's, Pickles what and v/hcre, O. 391. S, 129.
Achb, Kingdom, d. S. no, (^c. its Rains and Floods, 148, (}.
S".'UVinds, VV. 49, the Road, and Ifliiids, and Channel lying orf
i'. 'i- 121, 2. 3, O, 476. the Soil .md Vegetables, S. 113. j»^.

I f

:d ii

ii;

'1 ■'

m:i;mJ'

; • I

General I N 7) £ X.

i8<. O. 391. Animals, S. 117, 8. O. jn. Malnynn Fnhaliitantj,
d.S: 118, 9. their Fcitures, Habit, c^r. ih. Arts and Tradu, ijo, /.
Proc's, O. 47 fi and Coirc-Cahlcs, ipf. their (^vru, Suiit;, 'amj
Weights, S. MI, 2. Mahometan /.earning and Religion. O. ^;;o.
;?4.j. S. 137, 8. 148. 180. r.aws and Puninimcnt', i^j], ^_ ,,,'
Government by a j;^/<ffw and Oro/^^if^'j, 141. her Kk\Mioii, 14:, ».
a War upon it, »4^ 4, f, 8. the Orowkty's have il.c it.il Poicri
S. 141, 2, 5. the Common;, moll Slaves, wd how, 141. City of
^fhin^ and IJuildingj:, 1:9. Merrhan'--Sri.ifijicrs thcr;, 119, ,jj^
4, f,6, 146. iiuz.nr»t Brokers, 13 f.y/.u/jwer^, 0.40 j-.t,V;;„4 Camp.
C/y//;#/i, and their Tiade there, S. 136, 7, 8. O. 4j,o. PHre of
Niitmcgs thcie, S. 15-2. Plenty of Gold, O, ) 10. ip. aaa(JoU
Mines, </. S. I? 3, 4.^

7. <i'^ffl/?4'jImprironmcnr, and wliy, C. 96, 7.

Adils, Tools, vvlHrc us'd, O. 3^1. S. 181.

JEtlropuk Sea, what lo cail'd by the Aj Pief. Vol. 1. S<;ei</ii»».
//fit, Induvi.

Africa, itsCoafling Tinde w. W. 12. 13. if. 16. 19. 13. 10^.
not lb bioavi a Clourle a,s the Peruvitih, and why, 7S, 79, irj
Brrc7,es (S. and I..) W. 24. 29. fo, ^c. its Well i.oall where
and when Dry, 78, 9. 83. Tides on its Eaft Coall, 99, and Cur-
rents, 107. and Ambergricfc, O. 74. and Seals, 90, ice AnpU,\
C. Blanco, (jHmea, K, bherbonOt C Verd. tiiHrmntm'}, Hippo*
p>otanius.

^gualix Wood, what and whence, S. S.

Ague, the A. taken with one, O. iff. where frequent, 334.

Air i^ood, whcicand when, O. 63. 108. 1H6. iiH. 197

197- ;j',

Su:-

f32,4, 8.S. 31. bad, where and when, O. if 3. ii»6. 221
S! S. i3o. bad where there arc Gold Mines, O. if 5, ipf
phurcous, when, 151. Sick Men die coming from Sea to Land
Air, 1 13.

Aibicore, Fifli, where, W. ff .

Aicranei, liland, c/. their Bulhes, Rats, and Birds, C. 24., j-, 6.4;,
Seals, (), 90.

Alfores, Mwhnixris.. ^. O. 32f. their Wars, J2f, 337.444.

Algatranc, a Ibrt cr Tar, </. O. 1 34.

Algatroi.';, a Bird, where, O. fji.

j-l\%atrofs, a Rock, d. O. 242.

Alligator,*/. C, 53. 74, f, 6, 7, 8. Si, 1. where found, ;f, 6.
O. if6. their Flcfli and Eggs musky, C. 7f. yet eaten ih. 0. 274.
butrcklom, C.jf. rhcir Mask-Cods, ib. good for Diopilts, 0. i)(i.
Dogs coveted by thein, and fearful of them, C. 76. an Iriflwur, in
Danger by one, 77. {il^ Damper alfbj) the Campeachy owe-, ieisfitm"
thanfome arc laid to be, 82. and in general than the Crocodilt.) /O,
how they and the Crocodile differ, 7f , 6.

Almanack of Mexico, a Receipt ia it, O, 2f(<. oi Tottqim and
Chinn, S. 60 j

Ainicid'

'i^M^\ <

Swm

I ^^

'1 ■, ■ p

;i ') III

IJ .'ti

-f. Vol. a. SteiinW

General INDEX.

Almord Milk, where us'd, S. 148.

Aim; of MiJ/i'i>nariei inukcnid k'.cp up their Profcly res, S. $><».

Lignum Atoes, whence, S. 8.

C.AluVela, if. Wind:;, V.'. ■jf .

Alrars of Idoh, where and wliar, O. jpiS. 411. $. \%.

AlvarAilo \\. T. I'ort, Kiflicry, Trade, and Commodities, a. C
4^ izj,4, 6, 8. 130. taken I7 Privateers, 124, 8. its tine Parroti,
a8, 9.

AmifalhG\i\]^h,d. O. lai, x, 4, j-, 8. its Tides, W. 9<5.Town5,
0.112, 3, 6.

AihApalh, I. r/. O. 122, 4, f, 8.

Amlicfrricfc, where found, (). 72,5, 4. 477. where a profiti-
Me Trade ro bcdrive.i h)r it. 480, i. a large ['icce ot" it, d. 73, 4.
jounj ;ilu)vc Hi(/h- water Mirk, ib. and with Beetles in it, li,
CountLT^e't, wliLic and what, 72, 3. 477. W. f+.

Anwrtcu its Uri'c/.cs, W. 3^-. and Savannahs, O. 87. its Diftancc
from /liiit rcckon'd too great, 288. from Africa too lictlc, xSy,
Plan'ains, now citccin'if tlicrc, and vMicrc founds 313, 4, $• P*^"-
tiins and lionano's usd there as Bread, S. 23. Blood wood and
Stock wood, its natural Growtli, C. f/. Tobacco of the Vl.tUipliims
pnablv from thence, O. 333. its Savages Icfs fo than rcporccd,
ifSf. ddirous of Tr:'dc, S. 116. Paint thcmfcives, O. SIT- ^"'i
wwrSkms nadily, f3y. {c€ Atlantick SeA, SonthSea,

North Amerin, Seals there, O. 90, and where none, tb. fee Ca-
Ij'sma, New-England, tVe/l hultes, Ifthmus^ Mvxico, Virginia.

'tmx\\ Americi, its Wert Courle generally Rocky, O. 90. its Fifli
and Seals, th. its Rock Fifli, 91 . and Snappers, 16. its CoaUingTradc->
v/iiid broader than the African in the fame Latitii'ic, and why, W.
' 7S, 9. where the Coafl: makes like that of Gnwea^ and what the
Etos of ky 80, I. Blooms or hot Blafts thence, O. f 29. I'ec An-
it!, hrazH, CJjilt, T. dd Fuec^o, mfl Indies, Peru.

Amoy (Anha) in China, its Trade great, 0,417. and f\rc, 418.

Anarra (Otra) a Dye, where and what, O. 226, 7. C. 7. nj.
how us'd hy Indians, ib. more valuable than Indiso, O. 217, 8. Price
of it, 2:7. an Advantage in it Aipt, 227, 8.

Anchorings, where .and what, O. 46, 8. yf, 7. 77, 8. 8r, 4.
91, 6. loo, 9. I lo, 3, 9. i2f, 8. 132, 3, 4, 6. 144, f,<J.9- */'»
2. 163,4, 9. 17Z, 3, j-, 7, 8. iSH. 196, 8, 9.202,4,7, 8. 212,3.
232,5, 8,9. 242,7, 8,9. 2fo, 4, 7, 9, 262, 6, 7. 27)-. 6, 7. 291.
309, 546,7, 8. 378,9. 382,4, 5-, 9. 399. 40I' ^- 4'74i».2' 3,
4.f.43^>,448.4f4,8..}.63,4 r. S. 4, 9. 10. 12. 13. 123. if4»
7.9. 171, 4. C. 16. 18. 19. : 6, 9. 30, 2. 44, f. >-o, ». loi .
n8. I2J-. W. 24.34. 5-6. good .,1 Shoal Coads, O. 421, 3> 4' f«
bdon bold Coalls, or where Cliifs and Rocks, tb. fee Haibour^s
Roads.
Anchovy, a pickled FiHi likeir, where, S. 27.
JMwjan's \ fland s, O. 476.

[ A 2 j • -sSa-"*^

^ it

K r

1' 1

■;l

■ft

5".

General I N T> E X,

.Andes, M.e.of C/;;7;\ Peru {Sierra Nucvada des Andes) the Inpt
<f'1 in the World, O. 94, f. caufc deep Sens, 42;{. and tlic rrJeil
Breach in the true General Trade- w. W. 78, p and catch Ih'e
Rains, S5.

St.Antlrex's I. irs Cedar?, O. 29, no Provifion there, 31.

Von Angels, d.O. 239.
jingoUy Its Ooaft, </. W. 27. and Winds, u. 13. 14. 38
Sucking I- ifli there, 5-4.

uirjhav., ice Amoy.

Anima's, ffc Bead?, Birds, Fifli, Infers.

St, Ann's :n Campeachy, C. 120.

C.St. Ann's in Guinea^ its Winds, W. 16. 58. Coafl, 8.

Anni/ced, where, S. 6. a Ikn-y call'd fo by the Dutch, 63, who
flcep it in their Avack, 64.

Ants of revcr:il ibrts, d. their Neds, Travelling, Labour, Occo-
nomy, (^c. C. 60, I, 4, 5".

Aiit-F.gf^s, where and whycflcem'd, ih.

White-Ants, or Wood-Licc, where, S. 127.

Ant-Rcnrs, </. C. 5-9, 60, i.

^M/r, or Mountain-Cow, where found, and d.C. 102, ^,4.

Antego, harrafr.'d by the C<*rilihe Indians, C. 6. its Cuiitnis, \V,
lor, lof. a Hurricane there, ^Z. 68, 9, 72. another, 70.

Anthrcpopo:^.gi, oriMan Eaters, leeCanibals.

C A.rotiio inC/ziy-j, C. 9. 28, 9. itsCurrcnts, W. 101,5".

Anvil, what us'd inftcad of it, O 332.

Apples, whcie, O. 5' 3 2.

Pine- Apples, Fruit, fee Pine.

Ar.ibick, where us'd in Prayers, ^c. 0. 331. and (ludicd, S,

ArttcAn, Climct Earthen Ware a Commodity there, S. 6}.

Artu^k, v/hu and wliere, O. %ii. 420. S. 5-3, 78.
with Hen s Blood, 83.3 Drug like Annifc infus'd in it.
Snakes and Scorpions, \6j.

Aref<-Trec and Nut fmifcrJl'd Beth') d. O. :?i8, 9. where and
how u.-:J.3ii, 8, 9. 328. 336. 35-5-, 9.45-7. S. 5-4.

Punta Aren:i, O. 149.

Ancx Bay, dims, W. 14. Arlca Town, O. Intr. iv, v.

TtiloAyih d.S. 15-8. 9.

Arms, Silver Hoops worn on them, wliere, O. 365*.

Arms kept neat, S. 70. i. ite We.ipons.

Armour of BuffliloV Hide, O. </. 432.

ArmrJa {Sp.in}fJ.':)\ts Arrival at Vortckl, O, 17 r, 9. 180, its ge^
ncralC'oLJvie, 179. iSo, 4, f.

Armadillo (Animal) ^/. C, 5-9. 61, 2.

Avrov,"; headed with I'lint, O. 8f , 6. poifjn'd, W, loS,

Art of Ihdianu fee Iniltans.

Arts Lihc:a!, w' at, and where fludicc^, S. f2, 60,

— ' Mtclianick; Jcr Aitif.a't:

167, (^nnk
65, 4. :inJ

til,; .;i;h

r A,.

351. and (ludid, S,

). 171, 9. 180, itsgc-

General I N "D E X.

Aitihccrs, O. 531, 1. S. 60, Sec. i;^, iS'f.

Arub.% 1, </. 0.47. its Currents, W. 10 1, 4. Water there breed-
ing W'^mis in tiic Body, C. 90.

Afrention 1. deepSci about ir, O. 393. Laying and Brccdinjr. Placa
for Turtle, 107. 393. W,4,, 5-. but no Food for them there, O.

' /iff.' I. (Vaccct) a Snip like to be lofl there, O. ln:r. 11.

Aiin, viH'kon'd too broad, and too far to tlieEult, O. 2S8, 9. fee
Onta. Indies (Eaft) Pc"r//li,

Afles, where, O. 74,. fee Nfule";. Aflcs Skins, how grain'd in
lurks, C, 7. Wild Afs finely ftrip'd, O. fj;.

Atlantick Sea, what lb cill'd by the A. lee Vol. 1. Treface, reck-
on'd too broad, O. 209. its true Trade-winds, W. :^, 5-, i i. O, 5- 4.9,
jj-o. (Jalms and Tornado's on the Ead-fidc of it, W. 6. and near
\\x Line, 86. where leaO, and v/hat V\ inds at the Line, and why>
J, 8. Shy Turtle, O. 449.

Aicsl. (I. O. 49, ^0. D'Eflrees Shipwreck there, i^.

C. St. Auguflin of Brazil, why hard to double, W. 9. 103, 4, ;•«

C. St. Auguflin of Florida, its Pcarl-Oyftcrs, O. 173.

C. St. Auguflin of Madxgafcar, the Cygntt funk there, O. f 1 1.

Avogato-Pear, ^/. O. 103.

Tjta AuflrMss incognita, Dilcoveries how to be made there, O,
tfi, I. an Ifiand of it ('as (upposdj fcsn by Captain D.ix;«, »^. fee
N. Hollvad.

The Author, lee Dampier.

Axes, what and where us'd, O. 332. much valu'd by Indians, O.
485, 6 C. 41. fee Hatchet.

y^y»<i;» I. its Situation, S. 8. 20, r, and Pearl-Oyfters, O. 178.
\kChmefe Inhabitants, and their Jonks, S. 8, 9.

Azymuth CompalTcs, moft us'd by EngliJJj, O. )"'33.

BAcalao, fee Rock-fifli.
B.ihama I. Ambcrgriefc there, O. j^.

Bahar^ what, S. 132.

Pdachaun, a Pickle, d. S. 27, S. 30.

Baldertis, fee Valderas.

V.ih'.ivia, O. 83, 192.

K^mboc's, and Hollow Bamboe's, v/liere and how us'd, O. \6.
■.ni,\ ^;o, f , 6. ^G-j, 398, 480. 490, S. 7 1 , 9. iSo. Bambo Achar
or Pickle, O. 391, Bambomg, what, S. S4. U.xmbo^ a Meafare to
ca'l'd, S. i3f.

Bmcd. a Wei£j;ht, S. 132'

Btincalifj its Pepper- Trade, S, 182. aw'd by the Dtitch, in, 4,
f. 7, 8.

BmfoHVt^ fee BenconlL

BathU

■,'.!»

( !

'ti:

J,!

^ii '

,'■ ml

■ I

Gefieral I N 7) E X.

HaiiJi I. ifs Nutmec;s, O. 447. Cloves near ir, 3J7.

Puvidittt, maim'd, and Arch, .S, 138, 9.

I).tt,\!: {ii.in:\i'' in'oxirnrin^, S. 136.

North-BiUik (;i CiouJj Ic-c North.

iMfliinii^ Banks. C. zi, i. of Oyders, 17, aS.

Sand-Bonk, higfi, </. C. i?.;», 4.

Banks about Viliigc?, where, S. 44.

Bantam, its Drt'ezcs, W. ^g. and Pepper, whence, S. iSi. Pf/.
I'tes x.ht\c, what, 151. Thelt hov/ punilli'd, 139. Reverence done I
to the King, 142, 5.

lUoy ov UcatAn, Kingdom, vv'iere, S. 61. its CommaJiiics and!
Trade, 64.

B^rbndoes ravnp;'d by Crribhe Indians^ O. 48)-. C. t, Courfel
thither fioni Jafnaicn, W. 40. from Un'mea, 10. ^3. itsCunuit;,
100, 4.

BarSecu, what and where, O. 20. S. 90. C. ii. So.

^S.v.^7.^ Barb.-ira, (labour, O. 46.

Ba;k-Lop;s l"ovFi(li;ng, O. 134. d. 141, 5,5". ifj, 4. for cOTyin^
Gocd,>, d. 141, J. where us'd, ib. and for wh.jr, 143. 114. for
linfjle Men, and where Uo'd, 143. 189, d. 58. ice Cawmm.}.

h.irks, f-e .Shippin;^.

Bark tor Taiin:nL', O. f4.

Ji.^rlaicr.to Fleet, itsProgrcfs, </. C. 125-, (J. incfifcdtualj S. 117,

Barly at the C. of Good- Hope, O. 5-52.

Bcifice Drii'k. O. 422. d. 431, 4, j-.

Bulhic. or the Five Illands, O. 385". «/. 410, i, 2, f, 6, 431, 6.
itsPiodukfi:, 426, 7, S, 9. 430, 4, f, 6. Houies and T. on Preci-I
pice.^ 42S 9. D'lats, 429. Inhabitants, their Mobit, 427. Fa;d,
426, 9.430, 3. Employ ments, 429. 433. Tratle, Govcnimcnt ,^'(.
43 I, z, 4, f, 6, 7. Occon!.!nicksand Manners, 432, 3, 4. Ice :;,>
luTV'jn. Sec Gj.tr I. Grafton I. Mo-imouth I. Or<st'.^';e 1. and

Bz'l)ce 1. p'-opcrly fo call'd, d. O. 38^. 422, f, 8, 431, 6.

Basket? ot- Pairr.cto, O. ifo.

Baftinadoint!;, what and v/hcre, (). 367. fee Eamboing, l^iuiHi-
meats.

BM.ivi:i, its Trade, (^c. O. 3 « 7
ItiuUcta, 109.

I'aihirgin Rivers, v/here much us'd. and why, O. 330. S. ijS

Bats great, d. mid where found, O. 321. 381.

I. of Bats, d. O. 380, I, 1,

B^.-jh.U its Pilots, S. ir,2 9.

C. Baycdore, its Winds. W. if.

Buys, how rri'uftd, O, 412, 3, 4. f. have mort Rain, W. yS.^r.
i, 2, 3.a;v-i IL\^^ S, 31. Sca-Brc'./.cs irirce there, »^'. W. 28.5b.
bur good Lull Br. 34. jcldoin any but Cjunter-Cyrrents, 124.

Beacons fct on Shea's, O. 45-0.

Beads valu'dby Indians, O. 13. 22, 4. C. 1 19. ,

44)-. S, 12. 63. CourfetM

''.m:^

its Commo'Jiiics and

incflfcdiualj S. 117,

;c Bamboiiig, I'l'iiiHi-

!r.c

General I N T> E X.

Ant- Bears, fee Ant.

Beards of the C,(//«p/>, O. 407. where none, 41^4. of Tortoifc-

cil, n.

Beafts, where none, O. 31. none of Prey, 30*. Track of one
i^^.HollanJ, 463. in the VVootis of Nlcob^ir, 483. vtnenious one
ji-raGunno, 321. 391, fee Alligators, U.. Ante (Mountain-Cow) </.
ilnt-Bears, d. Armadillo's, d. Beeves, BulTalo's, Car^ Ccnies, Cro-
cfldib, d. Deer, Dogs, Elephants, Goats, Guano, d. Hipiopotamus
(Rivcr-Horfe or Sea Horle) d. Hogs, Morlcs, jjckcals, l.ions, Li-
2jrd5, Mice, Monkics, Ptr:iry, Porcupines, Pollums, (O-pofTum)
Ricoons (Indian Conics) Rats, Sheep, Sloths, d. Squaflies, d. Squir-
[els, Tygcrs, Tyger Cats, d. L .nd-Tortoile, </. Wanee.

jBcave'r- Hats, old, a CJornmodiry, C. 120,

Beef, how cut and ordered, C. 81. S. 30. Jtiflj, a Commodity
0,48. lee Beeves.

Bees, a h^^t and fmall fort, d.C 112. their Honey and Trunk-
Hives, sb. kc Honey, Wax.

Beetles found in Ambergriefc, O. 73.

Beeves in the ^f^. /W/e^, whence, C. pS. impatirnt of Thirfl, •»■', '
where, O. 44, 6, 8. 62. 72. 75-. 124, 8. if;. 176. i86. 2 1 1,' 8.
2:1,3.239.240,25-0, 8,9.260. 4, f, 9. 320. 564, <;. 378,9.382,
7,406.410. 5-40, 6. S. 2)-. 30. 127. 163. 181. W. 54. imelt oif
stSea, tb. bad where, S. 31. eaten raw, 30. iing'd like Hogs, ib.
Hides how dreih C. 88. Beeve- Hunting, W. C, 81, 5,4., _f, 6. in a
Qnoa, 81. (dangerous) 99. a2o. fee Hockfing.

i?(;f/I. ^/. C. fo, I, }. 77. 88. 92 to loi. 120. W. 34.^7.
Fri^inve Indians thcvc, d. C. 94, f, 6.

Begging People, O. 3*7* S- 35-^. 9- 3 ^^f, 9. 370. 433. S, 13.

Pells, where made, S. 60. 101. MulJcal, Itruck upon, 0.241,
with Claws, woiihipp'd, 411, 2.

Bellows, a particular fort, d.O. 332. 429.

Benches for Rowinfj, moveables O.4S0, i.

Beucoult, d. S. 179. &c. fickly, 112. iSo, bad Water, O. 5-24.
yer a good Spring there, 5-2)-. Produdl and Native Malayans ^
S. iSo, I. Idolatrous Sacrifice there, O. 397. S. 5-9. Tlie Foit,
(i,S, 180, 3. illgovern'd, O. 5-18, 5-19, 5-20. S. 183, 4. the ■' .
Gunner of it, O. 5-12. 5*1 S. S. 183. us Tr:de, 0. 420. S. 6^. no,
1.1S2.

£e/j:<?/B.iy, lowShoars, O. 425-. its Wind^ S. 179. W. 20, i.
Commodities, S. 145*. 173. Butter, </. 146. a venomous Bjaft there.

£«;:«/ Channel by Achin^ S. 122.

Bermudas I. dangerous Coulls, O. 4C|'. Cedar?, 29. Palmcto-*
Works, ij-o. Ambcrgritfe, 74.

Berries ufed in Drink, lee Arack. Bafhec-Drink.

£f//(?-Trce and Leaf, d. (milcall'd Arek)(). 3 'Q- S. 24. how ufcd.
;f wk-ncc, 8. 2)-. blacks the T.etK u8. fceArck, Chinaai.

P?iK

'L I

k i

General I N "D E X.

^if!

Bill-Birds, il. C. 6,-. 9.

ron5, W. Humming Birds, </. Maccavves. iVf4« of War-Bini, i
jMangoVolucres, d. Katal'^'\xi\^ d. Noddies, d. Parrakiics, "

>irri;!:

</. Partridges, Pelicans, </. Penguins, d. Poultry (Dunj^^hil-Fov/i,
Cocks and Hens) d. Qiiams, d. Subtle Jacks, d. Teal. Troftck BaJs!
d. Turkic;. Turtle Doves.

Black fmall Bird, d. O. 97.

Biack-Hiid, a for': calltd Chattering-Crows, d. C.Cf, (<.

C. Blanco of Africa^ its Sands blown off to Sea, W. 15-.

C.Blancco'i Brazil, itsCoads, </. V/. 80, i. Weather, i^.WinJs,
7. Currents, 10;.

C. Blanco of Mexico, d. O. M i, i. its Topogaio's, W, 46.

C hliinco of iVr«, ties N.of the Pacihck-Sca, O. ifj. d. i;3,
9. 14,7. why hard to double, W. 33. 40, its Tides, 96. and Cur-
rents, 107,

1. Blaftco, d. O. 5*7, 8- its large Green-Turtle, loj-.

Blue Mountain \n Jamaica, C. 8.

BlerefieUi R. J. O. 33. its Manatee and Indians, ib.t}\6v Stone-
Hatchets, ih. 8f.

Blercfields \uJamnicA, C. 38. W. 4(>. its Lance- Wood, 0. 118.

Blood-Wood, d. O. I ij-, C. ^7, 8. See Cam- Wood.

Blooms or Hot-Blalls, v/Iicre, 0.5-29. W. 47.

Boats, what, where- and how ufed, (X 2. 291, S, 9. </. 419, (/,
4S0. 492. W. ? I, S. 8. 13, 14. 4J-, 8. none where, O. 464, S. Jiee
Cano's, Oars, Procs, I'holes, Shipping.

Bob- Wood, O. 59.

R. des BoccCs, d. C. 1 iS, 9. i 20.

hocca del Drng.i. its Manaiee, O. 33. and Savages, 486'.

Bocca-loro, its Site and Careening, O. 38. Green Tunic, iL lo;,
Manatee, 33. Vincllo's, Plenty, 23)-. Savages, 38.486,

Bodies of People, lee Complexion, Councenancc, Features, Hair,
Limbs, Shape, Stature.

Bonairy (Bonayre) l.d its Road, People, ^roduift, O. 4'^ S:.>
Pond, 49. Water-breeding Leg-Worms, C 90. how its In.iiuisgi't
hire, O. 466.

bonano's, a fort of Plantains, </. O. ^i6. Drink made offhtni.
f^. w'.ercfound. O 175-. 183,7. 198. 31 1.426./46.S. 25. 124.16J
iS^ C. ^. See Plantains, Plantations.

bjacto's, Fifii, where, 0.3:1.

lany or few ns ther»
■;i.kill'dhyjH^rri^
1.06. 4.i6. S. i6. fee
ick fin all !;irds, I
I. Cockrecoos, C r-
ockadorcs, J. Cam-
and Mi.larii </. l'>e.
iccfe, Sea iiuUs, He-
an of War- Bird, I
Panakitcs, Farrjt.-,
try (Dun^^^hil-Fov/i',
'. Teal. Tro^ick Uiids,

•oduLl, O. 4*1. Si>
liow its laJiii-isget

)rink made ofthtm.

Cer'/rr^/ / iV 7) £ A^

)C) ''I'

Meat
./. O.

len ?\IJ

'J-

v/hi.'ie

Bo;) s iTu'icr; C). ^,<_;

7. : , 4., 7, o. 4J-. 6y. cuuilc Pttcd, J.f'

01 uirs. a; i1 ci'tn, )-;b.

clioi;:

I. ;i Le;rc.' tuuii i/^ 7;;'.' ih

Coaf}.^ 4

A/rt

t-'V'* iio

if Tun

t:. O. :
c.c, ;oj

)-o4. )

O'.V

Au-

(?/..'/;

i'o«4, O' I g. .ui' King o

lout \n Kiiv'd' m Iv '., /.;/.■»■», u.e l

•r. i:^. J.O. vjo. 7.

^^i

i^* I. tiid Kiriirdoiii, and '

-U

4>-5 4, irs J'roi'.ii^, .)<•)"

Ki'ginl People, *^ +i-.f. f, ^. 7, S. miliv;.: and iilhlvj Iii',.iiH.!c!s,
4)6'. B.iy wirii dou'jic Rows or Tec. h, .j-r;, S. ihy Tvi'Lu:, 4. ,-3,
ice C.i.ii\.<^u[img.
Bn'vs a;: i Arro^v;, v/hci.«' us'd, S. 71. V

■>.

B' xcs, hrkci'd tor Chinnm. .s.

)•+

> >

ic.il ;.ei n tor Cavtsgc';,

I. O

ou.'ie iiiitl-.a

Cuii" ii.l v'cailicr, <^. ii-i, i,

Br.iz.ii, appc^ac'i d iu E. ln.l.t, Vi
|\V. o. irs U'liid . n, 10. 19. i;,,

B'tf'.d, tincCaiiC; -"^ 'i, O. 410, 9. I'iuuains lyc. vvliore us'd is

li.iVCV,

;Bc.J (,). II.
S. iVcCor-., F

^vh'^'i.' ' ■)• .

r.r

: >Tc'orv, Si2o. a k

'.v'ltrt.-, O. 4.^4,

Ilr.v.v

iU!C and T te a, \»'I ero,:nd h

nvv f

:n.*s vv

Kl-

n..l \v:i.;r,

B.fu;

brec'/.'-;;, fir pnio i'^ V/iri>
Brcmcs, wiici-e, O. 221,

( '\

■6. .;;

> -96, 7.

.0. c.

fl'

rfir'its, </,

hid

ICO, ' ro.

( ISO

<l:'.i.M in the Sua, n. tj^, i |.o. Oric'c, wnerc u^^d, /

t'l.

Broi

inztiypt.

y\i

>T.S O

P I.

)"■ !■

ncro Lx-avc.-, O. i rj.

hnc.Viiirs, fee Piiv:tc-erf.
//:/;. of l;:^(c.

er< r, rvi i il to

;. lur. III.IW^o. 2.-Z. -2:

h:-ffubr , N.()ck and Spoiir, »/. O. 2::.!,
Buir |:ck.'C, a Pi.mtaip.-i'udJ.ii.'', O.

Eutlji

^ T-

OS. vviitic?, ' . ?2,o. 5,-9. :56j,

:;S"

3iJ. a.T

if. J50. I 27, ^J . iS I. d 1"' t.

o :'■ ; a

ui au: iv.:.c

1. then lides l)ou
ti'tir M;k, il. S. i.|/).

'ac-j\inuiL.i taciec

o, 4rb,
^>.4io,
Bat'.cr ot"

bu^'

••//

"■J-- h'U wtv

loS.

i)«u.;!Pw«. 3 Name r.^r Gold, wl-.ere. 0.4,^1. fi?. a Moral like

I Goiu . lo

wncrc and

and t

42.0. 7.4^1, .}^ 9-

■? ot 11,426.

ir v.ngs, 427. 4^ '. 2., 9. li..
.'mkins, Warn \'clli'is, O. r.

liai.iUli'd. 42.7, 8, 439.

Buns. TOu! iiMonir, wIutj, C .\9,.

Bi]rroii\V( ud, <l. <). lot. w'k'vc i'lunJ, «^. C. 23. 4S. r;. makes
good C.nK-
3

S. /fci ,

ymg uli

>'.', WlivJ!

le and \v'':y O. 432. (se ri.in<?ri.!.

.n,

III"

\-~-

* ■ i:^-:

<;aicral I N 7J E Y.

f.u!l''5 ("liiuWsj C ^<f,. n piiukly Koit, ^)J^. frc Burton, DiVlo.
' )iic liitli'Vsry, (I. C 17. ■j-o, '. x. 91. 77- W. 67,

u:-/*/ Z;;ry/y Men. //. :in(j vvluvc, VV. i-;-;.
i'litclicv, iU.'incj''^ ^': Maluca^, S. 162.
r;u[t(r ((.t BuHaio's Miik afKl I.,ard, J.) S. 146. where lit:!:

Biiitons, j)idcnt:cLi nt Si.mi, ^. icS.

C-^Ab^if^':'-Trcc ntul i-uit, ./. (;. lOj-, 6, 7. 318. where founc,
^ 166. C 10 7., 9. S. I i.'f.

(Jabiiut' rOiiin , ^^z', ) what Tortoilc-Shcll us'd for them, 0,
10;. ftc i .uc qucr Wurc.

fJaMcs, i'c: Coire ; an^i of Rutt.irs.

Carao-Trcc and Fruit. <('. Kinds Kurbandry of it, and whert
fcund, CX fp. 60, I, 2. If 2. ' 7. ir,2. no, I, 1, 9. Trade oMt.
( J. 64. I f 2. 24f . C). 1 10, 9. goes tor Monty, where, (). '^)2. C. ii(;i I
i^n. Carriage of H. 119. 121, 2. Whitc-Cacoa (S{<imn) wlia;
and wiiLrc, C. iii. {'ee (^hocoatre.

Cachiio (..'vy aiidProv. S. r :;. r f . 16. 19. :o. 21. </. 4.f , 5vC. ;;.
Ci. 7^.7. J'6, 7, 9. 90, 6, ij. 100, I.

Cncitfes {j..'ayro.\) vv.'iat and whese, \V. io<5.

CtiiLuci.t, 1!. C izi. its ViriLllo's, 12:;. C). i;^.

C.'aiininic;i, I'dth Allii'^tcr'-, and Crocoihk'S call'd lo, C. yf.

l.Caim.ives, Grcaf, J. (.'. ^o. its Crocodiles, ;^. Brtcc'.ir.g-p!::ccfc'
CrrciiTurile, (v. ; c /.

] .Ciiiwancs, F -it tie, </.(', 9. 30.

Calab-dr- aiivl Goard-Si)cll5, their Uk-, O. ij-3. 153. 4:,4. C,

I If. V/. 06.

CuLler.i Bay, .-/, O fj?. its I^'innnrc from the L. or Nnfa^.tn,
i»5. ri\d Ti-'dc will: It, n f , irr, Lance- Wood, 11 S. its Popcpa's,
W. .t/),/. Rain;: and Tornado's, S:^.

{.'.Mifo^nia, not hiK.'wn to he an Ifland, O. 271. its W. Coiftopiy
kr.o^vn to i\\{:SpMs..ri',:., it. its Lakeor Mea, why pnrpok'iy laiknov.n
J)y them, /^. Coafl i'^'W towards ij.intimala, 42f. Communiaricn
wi:h y.fxuo h" l'';;it? 244. 264. Pearl- FiflKry and Trade, i?;.
244. 2C'.!. Trade-Wind, 245". irs lnilia>is Encmits to the i/i<»n'<?w,
264. 272, a P.cotcatcii Ly them, 27)~.

C.iII.u'ku-, (;id, W. 9. 10. 14.

Calljfir'u,;' , ii. O. 45-4, 7, f->. fee Botaon T.

Callico's, cJimts, ^r^. where and hoT*/ a Commodit/, 0. r'.)'.
55V 579. S. 61. i?4.

Cjlrr:-, a Prclagc ol Storms, O. 415. 4^1. \\
Cah-;! between S. and I,. Brcj7.es, W. 27. 41. C
nnd whenudjii, \^'.6.8. 9. 11. 14. 20, ^ f, 7
2. 79. Si , 120. i5f. 40c. 415, f. 44b. 4f I. S

61, f^.'', 9- ■
21. Cal.-n^wiicreJ

mr'' i •■■ 'fie A.U.^

'i-i- ' ■^^•' .
C.iw'"''''*'

Ar^^

S. t46, where lit:

o. 2t. ci. 4,f, 5vc. ;;:

.'ommodifv', 0. i\)\\

General I N 7) E X.

Cawhdia, Kingdom, V'omcn pinHitiired rlicic-. O. :;9f. it; Ido'j,

^i)j. Produd and Trai]( , 399.400, j. S. lof. a pioKuaMe one to

!"chaclthcre, 3. unci !iow, 102, ;. Coi^ and Point (). 599. lll.inds

vingoH: it, 389. 390. fee ?.Lo/Jore. P. (7iy. Jliver, tl. i>, 1®/, 6,

7, I'iralfs routed thence, i^.

Cam chain, and C/jm-quir, Oranf^c?, d. S. 25, 4.

Caml>eiichy [CuMpeaclje] Bay and Countiy.Corilfj r..:!p;iines, Rivers,
Towns.o'i^.i/.O. S7.424..C.16, 7.41 to f3,f, 6,8. 79.^3,^.91,3,4.
ioi,7,S. I ID, r, 7 to 121, its Bounds, 16. 42. 123. W. 32.4.
Soil, C. 42, 5-6, 8, 9. Weather, S. 32. W. 82. C. ff. l.andlioods,
S, ;f. C. fj-. So, I, 2. 91, 2, 3. 108,9. »^i- W. 67. Storms, ^^i, 7,
C.'b'o, I, 2. Fidi kill'd by them, (). 5-24. W. 68. Wind:, i)-. 32.
|, ,-. Tides, 92. its Vegetables, O. 5-9. 62. loi. 113. 15-2. 166.
::3. 235-. 1(^3. C. 43, 6, 8, 9. 5-0, 6, 7 , H. 79. Ry. 94, j-. inj,.
^,9.1)1. 2,5. (t^Loj^wood, Mangrovesjk'affs, Jn!c<!:i.s,44 fo, ? , 3.
.(, cy to <'»4. 74 to 78, 80. 4, 9<^, S. </. 102,7,9, II r to 119, S,
m. O. 87. Beef-hunting, 81, &cc. 97, i'v.c. Diidi. </. 6)-') ro 71.
ii|, 8, 9, Fifli, 17.44 70. d. 71, 2, 3. 109. (;. 33. 9'). ic.r.
Cnmmodities, ManutaCturcs, and Tiade, (>.62.C. 17,8, 42, :;,c,
7. S. fo, I, ?, 4, 6, 7 80, 8. 96, 7,8. I It; !o iTj-, 8, 9. 120, ;, 2.
Uf, 6. Ship- Worms, O. 363. Carricis tnere, 119. 121, ?.. Piiva-
tcers, 43> f, (1, 7. yo, i, ^, 4. make Slaves of the Jndiun Inhabi-
tants, 43. Thelc inlbltcd by the Spaniurds, 42. ii-^. an! t'\jvy\
their Nci;roes, 116. yet the Vi]!a^jrr> hve comfortably, O. 124. C,
Hi, 3, f. Till no more Land than inrrly for tiuMr .'JubliiUncc,
119, moff of the Towns confift of them, 1/0. tlicir {'V,od anC'
Drnk, 43. d. 113. Cioatfiing, .\/i. 114. Govcrnmenr, Fmploy-
meiit, Marriages, Churches, M'aincrs, it 2, 3, 4, f, 6. ,j.2, 5, 7,
fe. Logwood cutters, Spaniard., (for particular I'iactsj ihc M.p,
C. I.

Q-mfcsichyT. Fo% Buildings, Trr'dc, v\\ Spaniard;, C. 12, 9.
:o. 42, 3, 4. ^. 4r, 6. 113. raken by Privateers, 45', 6. 96. 11 .,
Log- Wood call'd tlienre Palo de Campeachy^ <^6^ 7.

Qmphire, wiience, S, 128.

Cim Wood, for Dying Red, O.
Ciuales I. d. C).

C. 58.

2 I

Caneo I. O. 2 i j".

Canes, how us'd, S. 29, for v/r;;k!ng, wlicrc, 17R. ;:nd hn\T
growing, O. 380. a Commodity, wixx^S. 167. 178. lev Baiv.bu's,
i'Uttaiis.

dnibals, whether any in the World. O. 485". Stories «jf rheni
retuted, tb. Inhbitanr. of the Illes of Cantbti'S (Canor.:^ Trade
whEuropeam, tb. hurt don^ by th'.-m, bat why, 48-7, 6.

Cinoa .s what, where, and how us'd, O- 2. "^f. fi^. S. 4. n^.
i;ovv made, O. 214, 5-, bv wild Indians, 8)-. floating fu!; of W'a-
ter, C. 12. hunting in Canoa'?, where and how, C. Si. fee Rjats
i^'i^MVith Outlayer>, d. O. 480, 1. 492. f, 6, 9. fee ?roc's.

[ B 2 J ' ^-ca

'ii

lii

ii'i

II*

^1
•I

w' CIC, I I

i.ut.icn (.'i'v 'Mill I'K'V, ot (:khii%y i^r. j;r nr Trails, O. ^r-_ /;^

I'ouU;., 4I''. I Ai».iV.'.uc iv.;ji!c <.r a C-I,;v 'luic, 4!y. r.ouii!. (
A.<iw..vV< miiii'i . 4.(»r Tcacail'd tiicic, Chati, 410. luc (,/.

■•"-''A. './.

U.' af.iLt.t, o\ O. z: i

C.j' . -.i.r. tliicf-. V,, 7'\ I.-1VC mon J^ca Riccv.cs iS'. ami
t'iCn-., :;S. \<i\'C id'um l.nndiU. } ^, f, 7.

c.^f 11. titjr vil ('.. iir..ti,i Dio, io cJui, (). I iS. Piivnar 3 v.j
*; r/i/ ihe s..Ni-^, iiy ir Cita'udh to.

on J

Cip, vlat .irc' V. ' c'cO 418 v».S,4i. i2(>,of T.'l

Cariarci!'. ^'a\A\. jr., (i'-u'' K'Av. air' I'lc

5I'', 9

■t* 1 ■

4. iir. Pou .ui \ ; iiO T

'uuc;, It.

>• f

It- >^/' i

(leu i t :;n; ; </ )*?''> ""'i. C. iii. ikvu bif liifd, (.>. 61. ii
\\ -.iicis, V . i>', 37. ill} ai.il fcv H' , t). 63. 'A'cu'hcr, /r \

•f v

2. t'-c

1-,. /•

it" ,ra I .A!

C fi'.s ; y

n )ta: }■;

(.. \-.f>. 1,0 A, C'JV

ti.fr.c-:' ;i> w.cl-i AUr:l.,0. 4^4 5-. C^oiufii <.-ic) :>i.a Co^i

Ulf,

n. 6i

3' 4-

:ir'. . !;!■;• ;ir /.. ' r. r

r- <•>

or I^ G-

* - ■ , V '-' •

r/-J . IK/. 1 2 J . I ?,,! I 47. I .[y 17

I ,

to I (' uiitx o'r^ii, (). ^6

'.< 40 1

(.'. liC. V

c^.. (

■^/

C>:/,P(\ whv fLiiiil /.(f!V,7r</

inanJr, V/. i r. W

in.' . '

41. f :u;; iicrts tficvi', <■' 67, 7 m yj. IndHo tiiC-e }■«'' • '"fc' ^''•
aJ7, ice Anlet^o, Ii.il/jtiJ , i>,iiu.iA Lurui, 'fr'O.iiiK St.Vt-.cut

(l.nii.n li.ui.thi (>'' tiic Ccn ;hciit. their I<.(>vin;' ::t -la, at <ia«7,i
Liif If c<f . C. 4. f. ^ W S: vni"- ^h;!n thuiH'h! t . Ij, ().\'^),iu

C v\:<.ics K. V: V t '). O y9.ri)klir tlicii-, 20 9.

* 31J1 i.< in A''? tr la

O. iSf. 249. 25-0. icip ii.CJ. rip, !2o, I,

V . iiT'i';i,

t.vows, n a< K, vvitjic, ai ii

Kii u (^ai I it'll v.iow;-, t/C,

V?!"* 7, 8. £1. tinr k:!;«i, wl.^ic anci wliy, /^.

I'-'lwlc

C.vtuirf.a CtaH, l(.\v, (). 4:4. v/ti, Vv 4?. i'-s \Vf!:cr y Hiu:

44., an J I >rirzt

<;, W. 40. t

V < .art ii'erii*

Lr;-'-7.'.', i'*; Piooucf, 0.

^ ?. i;. '■ Pi. C. I:;. T;.vc, <>. 4>-. f .orrci'j'OuJcnf. c xvitli L"»'»

L-unU. iH, 4. C'Duric <>r the A>->7hi.!.%

ar.J /)'urt.i%i7;;i* licc:

ti.crf. 48T. ('. 116. a t:!ir City, orcn r > tlit; Sea, f>. 41.
Cirt.y.^.m Brcze, a. VV. 44, f, 6. a Pinrcrfo cal.\!, lif.

r u

IC 1 W7i(>

l(f :u.l<iu;, It :', O. 4'-;9.

C ;'?' (1 Com) of Toiqi/m^ S. 60. 131. va.'.:c cf
Chtft:*, tb. of /2 '/.>:. 131.2

■i.y.o fi

c: ; e.i ( .acqti,) '.': c Chitf ofan ^.</;.j?; Vi:ljgv, O. 1 i-fS. C. ni.

Ct '!/„■!, i,

Ciiriw Iln:.t tomrroii iij li.e TK /W/Vf, C 7?-
t;.(Mw.<'.j'/i, Baik. I-rp^s, V. hat and vv hci c, O. 14:
C.itarafl';, v/hcrc, O. 1:9.

C;;

i.'' no, ir;.-.
lo. Ice L////,«j </,

i3. Piiva-ai"- 'jKp

of t;!.m', W. -i,,
'•i^ 'i ii. V. -^- (J,

••-•d. (;, 6i. , .

O. 5^8.. '.p.;.

a- i, '^. v'\ v.o.

ijj. V. .T. : -:,ti •■■:./

,-. Win,' . '■■■V .i
t' cc < i» . iii^, U.

II;.; ' t '-(a, af Sar,il.i
l> h, (i. 4;'-;, 6.

Cli-, 2o O.

i.(j. J If;, ;iO, I, 1,

.^ai llt>li \„i(iW;-, li C.

. I'l-s Wdicriy V.'irds,
■7v.', i"; Pioi.'ucf, 0.
'OiiJ.ci)ri: wiiii Li'"*
r.d U,irin%mt* licc!
■■0, f ). 41.
u cal.'ii, /^.

i:c cf -r, -X, SG ff

CjO. ii+;8. C. n:,

M43.

General I N T> E X.

C.i\'- where, (). Til. S. 2/. cjtcn, 30, i.

Tyjcr Cat, f cTy.cr.

Cii-ilV, </. O. I ,S- 9- ViTicmous Tin';, and wlicrc found, 159.
•/>:. 4 '^^ '7 «..<''. ''J?.

C. t...;(7^^ in JurAt.iu, <l C. 9. in. iS, ;. 4)-, 7. jm Wind'., W.
jj:. V Ciller, Sz. Curt'iv, lo--. Lo;;wi;od, 10, f/. Filh, ii, 13.
[Cirk-, v/i.cii', ( > :i8. 231. 4.(1. 416. kill'd by WuiJ:, W. yo.

(.'.//; , a V u;r''. N. 1 -z,

(;/,•./-' "flui/// Mill, / O, :6ij.

(.1^ Ji:c^ F-ifli. wfifio, (). 311. S. li*?. C 71.

Sir /; Cavn.ilfh, his raking tiie Aiabiilco Ship, O. 160. lil»

CullH n;'<r'hc V..Vt'/!», ?.So.

C(d I^ wi.«"r an'l v\'!1.^^ O. 19. 27 f. Krft for Cano's, 29.

Cf.'f.'f I il. <^'. 41'^), 7. o Io;V Anchoring Coafts, 425-. Inletr,

!, '. .iral Lnko , 4«^7. Jll.iiiis Qiil Slio^'. nc.ir it, 41,7, S. 4)~o, i.

[liv I. b»uf"U. Hi.K'ons f't on the Shonh, 4fo. Tornaifo's nnd Spuuts,

[4,"^. I. v.ifl Tice-, 44S, 9. 4)-o. v/ilJ Viuc goo.l for Ulcers, 449.

Ml Tu *'c nnJ vafl (Joikks, /«. l.and-Cia'j found by Sir Francis

Jv '^ onr.fi IiTiiu! nci. il. 471^ d"- XJaciJcr

(." • "(v a ycn(.MKu:> Womi, d. O. a^^p^ x. where fbutid, /^. S.
If. L. 64.

O'.iqHip atie fa.Hy ,S<t^;r/t Pccaquc) <il, (\ ^68, 9. pillag'd, 270,

I. 1 '■ -1 .C Mi fs, z6rf

Lf >i. I. lis ( ii- ,n'(,ri, {). 417. n

Lf ' r-c \\. (>.. (js ionr down it, 0» 25, 7. iSy,

C . I "ir-c u \i, vvhc c, (). ^19.

I.-. .-*.:;/. .,0 T. and il. ^'. C). 3 70).

l.r.mtt'y \i\z' near tV T'^"*. of Cunctr, <l O ;<^?., 3, .^.

Lh.'.h^i Ki!iyl'.-iHy itr. Ttuica':d C'otnniodififS, C>. 4.10. likcli-

' 'iH . • a i;ood TiH^ i^'H'W, v's. ^ Men-, oi it, 102, 3, Liuli-

. fn'r/iirants ^ 4orv their Charactcir, 401, thvir Amu, Vcf-

•!illSkli,l ill "N^i.^, hO-, t';o I.

\- ao djin-i}:i.C' li,: i i \'a-, ^ 6, J,
I'.' ) ':i n>.;^e-ih-i.i> U 'j'l-rr.t, S. 7.
(. i' ui' R.ai:dT. J. C.47, 3.

f ..;r;'^'' •, Wi'ul r.i ■! \"hoi'-, (), 33.43. f f, 7 • ^2. 97. 110.9.
! ;, f 'JO. 1 V"'. If I. I6'9. I7f, ■> 7. l-I^. i93,.j. 201^. ?. 13, )-,
i4','i. :.'Ji. ?.,'i. 37;-^, o. 3^0.406.43(1. ^ry. 4'^o. S. 9, 10, II,
1'!; no. %ii. ifK. (.:. 1^, -;. 30. fo. 123. W.pr, 2, 3. fi«jjA/iJr
L;.;'i ii'-h iru.a" Tv't -, 0*. aiu: noli regular, yi, 7.

('. j« 'U-a, V' he c fr>.*r]\i, O 4c 9. S. 31.41. Ice Tv.a,

< h.utnht^^ a P'l.i fhii'^.it, S. I 3S.

■ ■/ T. in f'v.- ;,7.4.yy«s ircirptcd by Pri'.Mtccr'Tj O. 180,5.
■ , . -^'.i/o U. ?. I, >. 2 0?. J-. 7. 204, f.

(•!.'c in ViV.vui? {\.hiaiii) its Corhincjj, 0, zzj. Mounhins,

,ii'

1^1

, _.N

' :\ii

■)'\

General 1 N T) E X.

Cheeaf^eqtif K. tl C, 118.

Chcclc, w'iitrc, 0. ifo. where littx of it made, Hf.

Chepeiio I ^/. O. aoi.

Chfcfuvtan, d. O. 249.

Cherbni\^, fL't Sherboro.

CiuMrtn, IiowcJucattJnml employ M O. ', 8. ■♦^o, 1.4^2,1
Dutiful t) Tarcnrs. 432. civi! to Smnger-., 4:^5. W. m. held nu-^
totnovc Srrniigfrs llounts. O. 435. iuid by PartiHs, S. jj, g.jo,
and gam'd uway, 42. a witry raid adive uiic of Moflefa, 0. 14^,

2^0, I.

Chtclixoctil \\rhcrr, C. 2J.

C/)/7/, it5Hip;!i L.mJ. (). 9), f. 41';. foe /Inilcs, No Raiii'. li,
rirr Rivers of Note, //a nor any Pcirnn-al, but caus'd by Rainj
within LinJ, yf, 6. ib. S. -f. \V. 79, bo. its quiet Sea. 0. y.^.
deep, and why, 425. itsRock-fidi, 91. See Vent. Sec i)»i/><(;i/(,
j^u/jw Fernando' s I. (Juafcc, Cpqfin)ihu, and

C/;/.op I. r.-; Timber, a Ct)inniodiry, C). 140.

C'hins of I'c 'ple, Huirt. where, (), 32.

China, itsS. 15ordrr3, vS. iS. 20, i. 64,6. low Anchoring Coad,

0.42r. ^'. U). itsVViiuis. VV. 17.23. and Storms, 71,5-. Sec Tul-

foons, Ctood Stnges tliithcr, O. 394. S. 103. Chinvfe iubjcd to

the 7'.i>/.m, O. 406, 7. 417, 421. who force them to tut tr.cr

Hair, 407. which they dole upon, tb. S. 42. and rebel upon ir,

O. 407. 421. and flic their Country, S. 7. 42. of ihclc Pyratc;,

vvheic, 106,7. hLvnlU threarned by \\\t: Chmife, O. 331. their

Jonks where, and what, 396, 401. 417. S. 16. d. O. 401.411,

3. parted like Well-Boats, 412. their Sails at and Marts, 411, -^.Cui-

tom of nie.iluring flr;;ngc Ships, O. 3^4. Wrecks Dt / .'V.iM,

4of, 6. Tlieir Mticlirnts and Tride, how and wlicrc, 3:).

383, 7, 8. 417. S. 8. 10. If, 16. 36. 65-. 134, 6, 7, 8. 1(11. bcnr

upon ir, ij-, 136, 7. 162. Cafli or Coin, 88. Chma Camp cr Fair,

where and what, 136, 7, 8. Accomptants, wiitre, O.360. Mecha-

oicks, S. 136. 167. Manufaiffures and Employments, circ. 0.403.9,

ChmaDifJjeu >kc. made of what, /Z>. a Commodiiy, vheie, S. 65.

their C'hopliicks, 84. l^rinks, leeTivr, Satn Jhtt, Hoc-fJju. Fans v.d

tJrubrclio'2, O. 407, S. their Perionages, J. Hair of Head aid

Beard, linall Ejes ai:d Habit, 406, 7, 8. 426. Ingeny, 4v,9, 10,

CuRoms, 407, 8. 9, are fobcr, S. 137, but love Gaming unmcatu-

nh;v, 42.\36. 162. C). 409, 10. and hang themlclvcs when a.: :s

lufl, ;ji . their Keligion, hideous Idols, o^c. 396, 7. 411, u. S.

$•9. Rer.egado, where, 13S. Chirjefc Language, how Ipokcn, Ca 43.

and written, S. ^9. .60. the lokia Dialcdl of it, the Court Tongi:

ar To'.qmu, 5-9 the W'omens tying the Hair, O. 407. iirtk' hcet ui.il

Shoes, 408, C/,7«*» Gold, k'c Gold. ChiiLi Siik, ke Silk. -"•

\:noy, A)'n''.'n, Canton, t'okieu, St. John's I. Macao, I'mvn.

China Rijj;, vvhcrc found, O. \o<j, Z,Oi.

ChmiW

General I N T) R X.

Chinatn, and ChinanvBox, tl S. )+, f .
Chinch VIC hee T. C 14.
Chtrapee B.iy, «/. liaJ lor Ship'i, O. 14+.

Chocolate, O. 2. ifc. W. 8f . why niu* h dried hy liic.r/>.WMrr/ji
0, <5o. Sec Caroa, Spum.i.
Choiolattci Norrh (.» Wind) li W. 60. C, 39.
C7;r)/i ()[ Pal's ivquiUtc ar Tonqntn, S. 16.
r/;ott<i, or Governing King ot Toriqain, fire Tc'tquin.
Chrijiiafjity, Staicot it in To/njuPi.kcS. yf, 6, 7. (;L{laclcsto it,

;/o«/? Chrijlo, J. (). 1^6.
I hucho I, </. O. a 1 1 .

Cijuiqi4vhul T. /. C. fi, taken by Privnrcers, ih.

Churches, where and whr«r, and how admncd, (^.<{i, m, j«
q^, 9. r4o, r. ifi. 179. ibS. iiS. 123. 1^5. i+z. x66, 9. 387.
C. fi. no, I. I If. 127. S. 160. Bufincfs traniaded there, and Pa-
iHmcs O. 127. C. Mf.

Cinnmop, whmce, O. 447,

Circumcilion, where and how ufcd,0. 539. Sec Mahomctauirm,
::olemnitics at it, 339. 340, 1, i. 369, 370.

Citrons, where, S. 124.

Clam, a fort uiOyfter, </. O. 176, 7.

St. Clara, \. d. O. 147.

Cloaths, worn ncit and tight, O. 4^4. fmc, give a Reputation,

crc, 361, 2. none from abror.d, where, 431. Old, a Commo-
dity where, 13, 72,6. 489. C, 120, where little or none worn,
lecNakcd. Of Skins, where nfcd, 464, 5-38^ 9. What Cloaths,
■ml where worn, 327.407,8. 419.427. 8,42,3. 129. C. 415.
I If, fcr Armour, Breeches, Caps, Coats Frock.s Hats, Jackets, Or-
r.:inu'nr,«, Petticoats, S.afli, Scarf, Slices, Slippers, Stocking.s TurbjJis.

CiotJ!, long, O. 327. Cotton, 427. S. 42. C. 46. 1 14. Plantain,
il. 0. 3i)-.Cocn, d. 224, f. 327.427. Indian, S. 61, f. Cloth(Lin-
ren and \Vo(Jlen; what, and where a Commodity, O. 74. i if. 142,
5. If 2, 4, 241'. 333.8.42.65*. 129. 134. C. no. 120. fee Calli-
((.'':, Mull ins, Silks.

Cloud-;, howalignof Land near, O. 183. hover about ir, 282,'
:hov.i Mountains, W. 79. 83, 4. f, 6. their Motion when Spoitts

ome, (). 4f I. how they prcflige the Monfoons fliifting, 49». and
^'(irtns, 322,413, f. See N<7r//; Banks, Hurricane?, TufFoons, look-
in!;; dilmaily, W. 7 i.

Cloves, where, C). ^ir.447, fi2. ftore to be had, 317. 3fo.
4+:'. I'.nw they grow, 316. trick to fwell them, 318.
Clove- Bark, where, O. 316. 370. fii.
Coals, of what Wood beft to harden Steel, C. fo, 7.
Coafts, no where of a continued Height, O. 423. high and low,

--fc what Seal and Anchoring, 422,' 3, 4, f. how they nvj-c

1' iii

■;,

'( M

r»

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

-ks-

1.0

I.I

LiM2i MIS

>^ lU 122
^ Bit

Ui
u

IL25 III 1.4

■ 2.0

^;.

<%-

Photographic

Sciences

Corporation

33 WHT MAM STRUT

WMSTH.N.Y. I4SM
(716) •73-4503

! ■' ■!'

If,;

llMll ' ,
■ 1,1

ih 'm

i't < '

:! ' .i'

■f:

I4i Hi

■ill' |i|,J,

mm '

General I N T) E X.

Bays, 4»;, ft-'e Riys. Convenience of boM Courts, 4:4,. rrinarli-
Mc, ll'c Cir.jffoV, Chdi, Mexico, Peru, Ice Ma.ks (at 'v\,i,\ ji,.
Wcll-Coak, what To tal'd, 476. ""'

Coats fiiort, C), 4T9. Co't Aimt)ur of BiifT; ll-e A-moLr,

Coc/:i,uljii.a, Iflands Oil" it, S. 9. has TuHboruS IV -,-. c;^,
wurkM Men dctain'd tlicrf, S. 7 . Cln.ife Rfiugct5 rh^tc, ;/,. Women
Prollitutes, O. 59)-. its Tea, 409. and I'cprer, S. 181. V, ar,> n-l,
Tonquin, 2 1 .67. 72. once un.!cr ir, 67. Cochn.cl in.p of P, ! , .;,. ,,
6.ofPulo CoHikre, and of wliar rhcy luring thfnc, (). \f)^ v /"
their Boats, /;&. this a tit I'Licc to introdua* ,1 T.jde w:\\ or-.ui.
tja, 0. 594. probably a ^O'nl one, S 5. further Miansof it, \ow

Cochinca Tree, I'luir, Inil'^t, where fuunJ, aad M:r.ij;:mji.t oi'
it, O. 124. 22f, 22S, 9.

Cockics, whcic, O. if^'. few 465-. vnfl one:, 449.

Cock, white, lequir'd as a Fcef^ri iVrrn;/;- Gj .-, C. ni. CVk-
Sighting, where us'd, S. 184. Cocks and Hens ("Dunghil io.vi itc
Toulcry.

Cockreco't-, Birds, J. C. 6/-, 9.

Coco-Trccs and Nuts, w'ie^e, O. 71^, 7. i t t, iS-. 79T .4,f, 511.
;;7S. 4f4, 7. 472, 4, f, 6, 8, 9. 480, 8. S. 4. 7.3, 4. 1 1 ;. ihi J.
291 to 290. ^iS. Uiefulnefs of this Tree, 39)-. of tlicSap- 29;,
4.479. 4^0, 6, 8. .See Toddy, Arack; et the W.rcr o! Mil of
the ]SJu's, 391, 474. o[ tlic Nut:;, 292, 4. 474, 6, 7, S. j-r- S,
of the Sh?ii, 294. 490. of the Hu'k, 294- f- li-O o:r,. lK)'f,.g-
lc6led in the 'f'Vy/ /'.t/a'.-, ih. the Guam Nu^r, 29-, 6. ''.(.f'r -I >«-
trjatra, z()6. of an liland drown'd every Tide. 474. fioi'i,:'^ 1; Sci,
ii>. Groves at Nicobar, 478, 9. what Soil and Air befl for rhiVTi, lyf,
6.whc)e a Commodity, S. if i, 2.

Oco: I. in the S. Sea, <^/. O. 1 1 1. J 5 t. why mift by t!,c Authorj
W. If. hicoj 1. in the £-3/? W/pi, J. O. 470. 2.

Coco-Plum, Rulh, and Iruit, </. and wheie found, C. 40, 107

Cod- Pepper, fee Cuinen Pepper.

Coins, Ibe (.:ajl), F»*«.?«, AZ-'/j, Pf'//.

Coire Cable-^ of v'oco-Nut iiuiks, O. 294, j-. of Strings hanging
from a Tree, a9f .460.

Exjl-Cokcr in SommerfetJJjire, its Variety of Soil, S. 123,4. the
Author born and bred there, i^. C. 2, 5.

CoUh, its Water, anJ /a^./jj^ Pilbermen, O. 141.

Colnnche R. (>. 1 34.

Coldel^ Wintis wha', O fig. f7,o. Cq I-Lir.'uitv.i.

CMtma, T. and rich V,il:ey, O. 2^1, 2, 3. iti Vclcan ?.>.'■;-
buiiiin<^, /A its Cacoa, >b. 6-,

Coli'f'iJ-i S'.oiis, J. C^ 29. 59.

Co our of i-nce and Si:i,-., Natural, fee Compli'X'on , by Pigmcnu.

O. 5-14. f-^^. i'.e Damme-, "

CO.

Colours, fte D.e?

Co-nzna, in vain aftcmp'c'd by Privateers, U. 63. uv: Li ineoiA
Fleet touches the. e, C. 126.

kl ■•^

"f*«

c. 474.. fiv'i'ii:'^ 1; Sci,
Air bcfl for rhom, :9f.

General 1 N T) E X.

CoTnmodUics, spantjjj^ American, E. Indian., liow mutmlly c jc-
chan;j;ei1, O. 24+. j", 6 ComriKxlitics, wi.ar, and where, lf.e Cacio
2!id Chorolare, Corn and I'l .wer, Dru^s, Pycs. Pieces ot F.i^'it,
Kruirs, Gold, Hides, Iron in liais, and wrou^'-r, L,.i-k, Learhnir,
Marmalade, Moioilo's, N'-groes, Oil, Pitch, Quiikdlvtr, Silver,
Soap, Spice, Tallow, Tea, Timber, Tin, Vine. Sec Manufac-
tures.

CComtrin, its Wiiuls, W. 10.

Company. JS.^«J'*<. ice Dutch, EngUfii.

Compals (fee Az-imuth) Winds flying round it, \V. j-S. fc Tor-
nsdo'?;.

Complexion of People, Coai black, Face and Body, (). 464.
dark Copper Colour, 7. 31. 170. 297. S. izS, 181. C. 31. iij-.
JrJtms generally fo, ib. O. 297. very dark, 417. 5*37. V/. no.
Afliy, 0.407. oark tawnev, 39^. C. it)-. W. loil. lii^ht tawny
or yellow, O. 316. 4^4. S. 40. die Women of a brighter Yellow
than the Men, O. 326. 45-4.

Compoftella in Mexico, d. O. 269. its Gold and Silver Mines,
266, 9. its Merchants, and .'^llve^ ichu'd there, th.

Comrade, why fo call'd at Mmdanno, (). 327, 8. 3^8. 36^. lie

Conception R. O. 22. a Wood there dyinp; like Logwood, C.fS.

Conch Shells, faid to make China Ware, O. 109.

C. Condecedo.d. C. 10, 1, 2, 4. 6. 42. its Winds, W. 32, 4. 43*
/|,. and Weather, 82.

Pub Condole, its commodious Situation, O. 394. Courfe by it,
S. 6. the Harbour, Channel, Trees, Fruits, Tar, and Animuls, d.
38f, 9. to 394. Cochinchinefe Inhabirants. 394. 8. their PcrfbuSi
^9f. Women Proltitutes, ib. Trade, ib. S. 8. Language, O. 394.
Keligion, 396. an old Pilot there, 398. 400.

Congo R. O. 7. 15-. d. 193.

Conies, where, \V. io(). Irniian Conies, fee Raccoons.

Cookery, whac and where, O. 79 294. ;?i3, 4. 329. 3)'7> 9<
(J.19. 430. 473, 4. 388, 9. 490. S. 27, 8. 30, I. 129. C. iS.

Coolecan K. {CuUacan} O. 264. A rich 1 . by it, trading for
Pearl, lii.

Costing, or engendering Time of Turtle, foe Turtle.

(Copper Rings, a Cornniodity, where, C. Up.

C. Coquibocoa, its Currents, \V. 101.

Coquimbo, whence its Timber, O. 14a.

Coral Bank, where, O. fo.

Cordage, what and where, O. 223. 194, f.

Cordial ot Snakes and Scorpions, where us'd, S. f^.

C. Corrientes in Mexico, its Winds, and how and when to be
made, O. 24)-. 2^-7. </. 25-6 to 261. its Longitude, 2/6.

C. Corrimei in Vern^ d. O. 174.

1'^ i.\

Cci

C. CtT'

!• n

ii/ !

i. ■

) '

Ge;:enil I N 7) E X.

C. CcrrinUfs cS Ctib.t, C. 9. 29. 30, i. its Currents, W. loi,

C. Lorneiiti'S nt ^ijncfl, if; WinJ*, W. 19.

CnrmorantF, d. ;ind vvJiere, C. 69. 71.

f:oin. v/hcif, (). rr. 99. 114.. 2^-3. See Darlcy, Ciiine»0)rr,,
i,]\\:., Millot, Rice, Whear.

Cotn-Ipiu:!}, ami tlicir J^'iirins, A. O. 31, ?.,

ioroni(ir..ieL Jts low Ancr.crinu; Coafls, O. 3?^. Vv'ind^, \V.4?,
5t()\ivi,s 7:^. 4, Wathcr, V)T,. K:<tiiir,f.% and Sa!c of Wivt: ;,n,i
Childicn, 5-'. 57, '3. 5-0. 1:0. Sec CitUfn^rans. SceCnf,ni?nert,\\n:
,S/. Cr'torcc, P^il^ACAt, I'ohttckerri, Tranrumhi]r.

Corot'itilii Mouiir, or Cro-Ryt Land, li. C). 2f<^.

Corpus Sant, n Mctior, aiiJ wlmt a Sic^n ot, C). 414., ^,

Ccr,j,i, a Ijifd, where, O. 39. C. 65-. 1 iS. </. C. 6?. Bonc3 poi-
ioiioiu, /A.

C. Oyo. it*: Rains, W. ^1. Vnrjarions and Tides, 5-3.

Cortihi.it (ibc (Jroir.) bfld Btef there, wliy, S. 31.

Cojiu r.c.i, its Cacao, (>. fg.

Cotton S!iru!% Cotton and Cloth, where, O. i6f. 384. 4^6, '.
S. 42. C.46. 1 1 f. where a ComrfoJitVi S. i4f.

Co'-Od-Trte, fvafl and fot'r) where tound, and its Kind?, </. ('
Sj-j 164, 5-. its Down ot iitilc Vk', i&.

C^'>t.Co^^il)lt'5 Letters to the A. W. 5*4, ^,

Coantcn.ince ct People, wliere flcrn and hard-favoured, 0. ;
44. 170. 197. 464. Graceiul, 3x6. 470, S. S. 128. SfC Face
Feature.

Ccuiles ftcer'd, or to be ftecr'd. What, where, and why, 0. .;.,
77,5,9. 119. I 3>~. S, 9. 147. 167. 171. 184, f. J 93. ior.;ii.i^>.

i'6i, 3, >, 6, 7. 9- 35'» i- 37'o> 7- 4'i'- 439- 4+"- i' .v ^;^'- 4'^^
J, 3 J b\ 9. 460, I, 2. f27. )-3i. 5-49. S. 6. 10. 109. C. 5.S, 9.
50, I. !2j-, 6. Vv. 7. i)j. i.'j. 23, 5-. 33,9. 40. fi, 3, f, 6. ir,
i, f, 6.

CcuiriLT.*; rJl learned, how and where, S. 5-9.

Courts of Judicature, where none, S. 80.

Cow.-;, ice Beive;;.

Iv1ounfaii.-Cow, lee A>uc.

hei-Los^r, lee Manatee.

Coz.tiir.el \. C. 9 29.

Crabs (Sea) v.Jiere, S. 27. C. 70.

Crabs (Land) where, O. 473. S. 27. d. C. 32, 3. v/hcnpoilb-
ticus, 32 .

f.'rabca'c!;cr?, liirdr, wliere, S. 26. <i. C. <j^. 70.

C'law-Fifli, wliere, S. 27. 128.

Ciaw.i, what and wheic, O. 168, 9. C.33. 98. Soe Ilogj,

('recks, how caui'd, O. 422, 3, 4, f. See Harbours.

Crcfleis, what^'and where us'd, -O. 337, 400, i, S, I^■^. i"*^'

Cr.'c/r/, why ib call'd, Oj 08.

Cfociado?'!)

-1 -XT

General I N 1) E X.

Crockadore, Bird like a Parrot, wIktc, O. 45-8.

f.'rocodilrs, wIutc, C. 50. ?. 74, f. J. and how they difFcr
from Aiiigarors, 74, f, 6. and their r-.u^^'?, yy-. thtir toi-incii, 33.
;6, j»rcejy of i. Ot^s, and tcrnbic to thciii, lO.

Cairinn Crows, fee Carrion, c'rrittcriiii; Cro//s, ice Black »'i;ds.

La Vtri Cruz, (and St, John WUHo^) C. 4f. lio, i. d. 124, j-,
Couiie rhcncc, VV. lof. i. s ComnionicatiDii and Tiadc, C. 17.0,
1, )-. O. iSo, f. 244. 161. 277. t;i].ca by Privaccrs, C. 126.

Hawks-bill 'luirlc, O. lof. C;iki Verd Cmz,, tl. C. 127.

i'..de Cruz, in C«^i, ito Currents, V. . 101.

I'i/ita de Ott^es, (). i8f.

Cu.ou I. C.p. if;. 30, \, 3, 4. Its Sivanna'h";, O. 87. its Cc.'vci
and llo;.j-Crawis, 168, C. 5;^, 98. Commuditx's, O 4>-. 217. VVca-
;i;i.r, W. Sr, Cm-rcius, loy. fee C Antonio, C. de Cruz., C Ctr'
w/i-i I. of f^ines, and

b. Keys of C«^;.t, C. ;i. </ W. 56. Wintls, /^. ftor'd wiih Tilli
inti Ftili, C. 57. O. 53. io6, 7.

Cu!)c:^s, wherr, S. i ;!>.

CV/j(/.< (^<Ux) {.nioi Tralc, O. 49,-. Ulc o[' Oil there, 5-37.

Cunumcre, an EnyJiflfVaCt-My in Coro//Ui^j(i<;l, O. y^y.

Cups of Cocoa Niir, O. 354. Ice Calaix^ni,

Cure, of Ampii'a'ions, iV>-">, 9. oi Lts'-wcriTij, a nnn!j;e one,
C. 90, I. of Ddeali.'^, tee /\lli,:;ators Cods, Baiiiing, L^itncijAint
Htrbs, Mans^aftan, vSnjj'i, Sands iior. Vine vvijl.

Curlew?, great ani (nvll, d. C. 69, 70. liketnem. W. no,

Cur:ifao, or o'turifao, a /)/«/f^ I. C.).*4v-. </. 40. W. 40. its Cur»
rcnr.s 101, 4. di.i>'(', hut mill l>y the brinch, O. 47. 50,

Curicnt?, their Kinds, Couifcs, i^c. d. W. foo. to loH. fbaking
snd C; )(i[ fcr-CiHTcnr ', wh;it, ro},. inllucnc'd by Tia(^e VViih;s, \}o.
ie.T. 5. fircngthenid by a ronrraiy Win.i, O. 401. forward or jf-
tji'J rhe Log, 290, hovv t!iey diirc-r tioni Tides, V/. 90. i;)c:.\vh'ir,
and whne, 4. 20. ?2, ;?. j-i, y, 6, 7. O. 5-7. 1:9. 200. 401, ;,
i''i. 49}. S. if6. C. 26, 9.

Cur'^ana's, what, and wlicre us'd, O. 400. S. 70. So.

Cu'tnm<;, O. 527. f/e Art'^ and Aititiccrs, Btg^jng, Chiidrcn,

r'av =;, Cnol.cry, ("arc. Dancing, Drink, F.nicrtainnicnts, FcafL',

i'l'^'lr'no;, P'tiliin^^, hood, Funcrai, Camin^, Co'/crnmeur, H lii:-

■ii':;. Huul-js, rki<»!-)3ndry, I,e.u•nl^L^ Manners, Marriij/c, L na-

'. "1, 3. v/lienroilb' ■ meras, Rclij^ion, Shipping. Singing, Slaves, Trades, WalLing, Vv'o-

CurrcntSjW. ici.

Barley, Cmnu Corr:,

3?r. Wind-, \V.4S,
d Sale of Wivn and
. See L//.-w/,7/jfif,l'on

C). 414. f.

</. C. C7. Bont; poi-

Tides, J-;,
S. 31.

~). >65'. 384. 4^6
14,-.

, and its Kind?; f/. ('

hard-favoured, 0, '
3. S. 128. Si'c Fac;

ere, and why, 0. 4.
5-. J93. 2or.aii.i45'.
[. 440, 2, 3,6, 8. 4fo,
10. 109. C. 5.S, fi.

o. 5-1, 3, y, 6. 13!,
f9-

-a, Writing.

;

>• 70-

98. See llogu
Harbours.
,00, 1. S, 1^7. I"!?.

Croci.adoT'!!

D4in7n-r. a {ort of Pitch and Pit^menf, where, O. 5-14.
D.iwf'icr, his Education, and in (I- Voyages to lu\i)ice, Ke:v-
f^yjl.wd, and H.wtim, and b.ack to EngUnd, C. i. 2. 3. S. 123, 4.
'■■. 4. ;-. to Jam,x''C.i, C. 4. 7. 8. and Cumpeacf'j, 9 to 17. he

[ C 2 J retun.'S,

' I I

Cciirrai TNT) EX.

vc^urns 19. i- a li 1. • ■ "* the Spantardi, to. ^4, j-. of shit.
Wrcrk, ii, v 6. .:ml lbfvni|T at Sea, 36, 7. S. but rfrovers '/^
m.iica, ;K. 0. jiij: i'-'fu. d Voy.iyv ro '.Amj>,M,.y .no t;utrir l; or Lorr.
wood. 4 I . Si, ;, 7, S. 9 91. I' 8.rv>, ' . lur, fJanj^cr tn.rn n Sii-.kc
6j. Aliij^arois, 8^. 100. a I.cf worm f'.lrungtiy • J''OySi>. 0, ,'
1 Hinjr '1 '111-* ^■''oods, i', 1, 4, f. a violent Storm ami Kiouu, '>i . i, ?
W. 66, 7. and return ro 7"'"^"^»« a"fi 2./^^u«//<<, ('. i;i, 1. i[^. ,„jj,
a^aii) tf) famntiA. \h. (). Intr. I. li. cmjUc?; th'- Ifthwm oj ,.y„^,.
r/f«, rai.grs in the S.Sci, and returns, 111. IV. 11 Ut 2+ ' cciji
iiis jouria , 16. Ilardflii -v, 14, 6, 8. 2;, 7. cruile;. nuout • c k'
Jn.J'is, 16, c;;, c. goes ro r/''^;iM4. <^«f . lers uuC ami'i, 66 y (j;^'
Stoim 70 W. 64. touclifs ar C. Tfr,/ llics, 16. !<.. ^utttor.. j'-i
rc-tntcr.s il.e S. Sea, 8^. Iii"; Traverks rhcrr, and O'l^^cr^, flee
l'riva»ccrsj ii> 10179 SickiicC, iff. and Cuic. 270. liS |;j-
^r.r.lou'. Vo^■')_t7C fious t'nc S. .'-/a, 279. 281, ?, 4. he .irnvc- at
(Cj:tjw, 2S4., tl'.C I huif'p;tjes. ;qO, MitiJunao, 309. V.C^o.u^re, ;ho,
0)ii. lit C/>i'M, 406 n fypi>\ 4'?' +• f« ^- *'• >)"» '' ; "e i''M-
/.'t'vc, 416. 7. /.'.^///'f Ilie;, 42 r. I. liotito»,^'j;-^. ISi. tiol/A'.u 4.61 fc
flu's to leave r!i<- Privateers, 402. 440 470, 2, 4,6. i. eft ioll;(:
at Kicu^ur I. 4S1, 2, 5. ni." ro Sc.t in on op n lJ-iii. 406, "'.a^o.
his Dr.nr^cr, 1 atigue, and lao Ivtfl'dtion,., 492, C"f- '•.''•j^ Sickncli
ujroi it. foj. S. 2 ;. 90. 101. Ill, 9. 147, b. 177, A-riva! at
^chin, () 5-02. and harfli I'hylick, fo;. Ik goes to Mi^.m ^nd
'Jo).i)um, f'jf S, 2.^. o. ir.1,6. 90.4,9. 100. OcvU i(h'.ei9o.
to 101 re urn';, 101, 3:4. f. ttj A/rf/<t< y <.*, iio. and Acuiu^ 1 19.
|»ocs liga n ^o MaU'^C'a. i f^,. 9. an 1 l>ai k to .^c^//., 177. Darif^er,,
5;2. :,;f 6, 7; 8. (J. fi*^) 7. He goes to f'oit St.dfo^^e., f.'f
f M. S. 17.S, 9. and (With feo'iy) to hencQuii, to. (;. fO)-. fii.io
(.'. Cioo.l ticpp, fio, I, b. ^t.HvLieua, 5'4. and tti^lniiu, y^o.

Dvic ..' and Singing, what ;.nd v. here, (). 127. . ;7. ,/. ;'^*i.-
whcn 1,01 o, 3 fp. 3(10, I. (". I I f W. 1 1 I. in tic Ni'^li'. 12",
.1.79. at N . and 1*. Mcxm, ^41. 1. Thackcr.', (). 361, i. Dancing
Women. O'C. J. ^40, 1, 2. S. 146.

.Duneo^ st. Tkcr^a: I ( ). 46. of Trangatnhar, fof .S. i y,. if4 7.?.

Dnuit lllhmuT, lee Il'lriniu .

DmicH R. ^. O. 40. 6/»..<«ur^/i there, 41. its Savage-, their Trunk;
■:rf poii'bnous Arrovv.-^, ///. Kncmies to tlie Ifthjjus Inuiaur, tb. ^'n-
r?tce riierc, •^;. 41. and Arue, C. 103. Tiadc Winds and Tuini-
♦ioe.sto tiic W . ot it. W. lb.

DAvenpcrt's Account: of the Tide;; of Twquiii , refcrr'd to.
U' 97. •

C.ipt. Dari:'s Difcovcry, O. 3^1.

i).*uj's Srreighr, ic N. i^P'efr Vndhoc;.

A Day loft or got in compading the World, O. 37^, 7.

Dehtors h-iw u(ed at J'o^.qum, S.78, 9.

I?c( linKicn, C21C to be ii.;d of it in ccmpafTing the WoriJ,
377.8.

iJccoy.

■••■^

Joy. I*. f.oMrt, ;V9,

', 5-05-.S. i^G.ij-4,7,S.

Tonqum, refcrr'J to.

&;/fr^/ I N T> E X.

Decoys of Hog-;, where, O. i6S.

Ikcr. where, O. y. vy. m. 320. H7. 8. j^Jp. S.i;-. 117. iSi.

A Dr^rei of tlic /-(j. how much, (;. iSS, 9. 290.
l;"pccs taken, and Kxaniinations tor thcni, where, S. Co.
JL»i.'A«i'c//» R. d. US Negroci and Llc^hanti Ttcth, W. loS, 9.

Hi.

Dti^rt, IiIcm Ihfartn/fif, Seals there, O. 90. .Scejf; Antu"},

Ucvii. where tcar'd, and how cali'd, O. 9.

Dcwr. at Ni;:;ht whese it never raiu), W. 7^.

Mo>,U-DiAi/OiO in 'Jtiu/mca, Li. y.

DtumnnUl'omr, d. i). 499. S. 121. 15-4, <5. 177.

I):cc rnaif ot Sea-Lions Tce'.h, O. 90,

J)i,tio Bulhes, wiitrc, (J. 8i.</. 101.

D.lh R.. </. and its I'lratts, S. 15Y), 7. ,

Vu.o Umdini^ Dutch Kort, ^c. S. 164. d. x-jl to 177.

lirmia Dtof, Soi7,brc de Dios j Ccc Gratia, Nom6re.

DircdtiOiis tor laijii)^, (ee Courfe.

iXlruveiies, (Ice Davit's) whai, and Iiow to be made, O. 272,

r4- ;)■'. 2-

Dilcjles, / e Ague. Dropfy, l-'evcr. Flux, Gripes, IIcad-Ach,
Lrp oly, Scoivy, ^inall Pox, Worms. Itching in ihc jIuhs, ito
l'cn;^uiit Fruir

I)!;lies of Coco Nut-Shell, O. 294.

')i'c!ics ami Oiains, what and where, S. 26. t^S. 44, 5".

i>(it',:. whuv, O. 122. S. 2)-. C:. 67. 76. W. j-6. where rone,
0. ^69. where eaten, S. 30, i. coveted by Alligators and Cro-
codi ci, and (eaitul of them, C. 76. not fufler'd to eat what Bcncs,
(>'. in^itflt one where valued, i). 302.

iJii^-lifli, where, J. 12. 3f.

Duinea, R. and Bar, (a Branch o(Tonquin R.) and T. </. S. 10,^,

Do.cs ot ihiec or four Sorts, where, S. 12S. Sec Turtle Dovc;»
Pig'.-ons.

Dojg'ibnys or Dumplins, C. »8.

>'), jiron-Ticc. and Gum {'iragacartth) d. and where, O, 4I3.

*^!r l-rancii Dinhei Bovs/cii, where buried, (^.39.!. Plata nam'd
fioni lum, 152. !i;s tak iig (-iuatttlco, 233. Cou'ie over the S.Sea^
wo. Lar.d (Ja!> N iind by l.im at an liie near Celebes, 473.

I'>:aughf.s or Cuans tironeoua, ice Mifhkcs.

D.ift V/ood, what and where, O. 230.

Dr. Ilk l';ng alrtain'd fiom, yet Uiine voided, O. 282. Water
the ( ommun Drink oi InuuKs, 451. where Corn-Drink of Ai«.';c,
'hiiie,, (). 12. (i. C. 43. 113. \vith Money, 1^. Rice Drink,
VjS, 9. Samflni, 419. «;t" Wheat, Tec Hoc,U(. 0( .Millet, W.
110, I. of Supar Canes and a Bcny, fee iSafhee Di.nk. Water
'..v-ttcn'd and ipic'd, O. ^fv. Pinc-Diink, a Cjiioa of it, 10.

Piaiitdiri-

.*■ ^ -n"

i Ir

■Pi

Hiji

i'\

R I'll

' 1

IfH

III

i! >
1.

lii ;

1*1 1 :

^:-!"

I }

. /■

Cr;/rr/// INDEX',

riantain-Diink, ;i4., f. IJunano Drink, ^i6. Miik fiiur, W. i;-
ice lire. Sec Ai.itk, Tixitly, Tea, VV.itcr, Wmc. I)rinkiti» »,
oivj ..iiut'icr, where us'il, 434. lot anil ijaid, lo. 1569. 4.y.\v!^iii

Ice (ilUtll.CII.

J)ri)pl)cs, wlierc frequent and mortal, ani! howcur'J, O. x^f f,

Di'ig"., v/'icrf aC^omnvnlity, <). ifi. where llvcra!, Sy. 1, ..n^,,
fee A[;uali W'o'kI, J. Ailij^ators Cotls, </. Aloes, Amlx-rj/iidc, ...
>\ntul';, J, Aiek-Nur, «/. Manjr, </ Bctle, </. 'CaniLxjiJu (Cum
b iD^cj fj.imp.'iirc, (Jliin.i-llonr'i, Cu'>e'ir, (ium-Druyon, </ i;
llIl;^l, r.i^k, </. Mu«.k, A. Kliulvjtb, Sa^jo, </. Siri.ip.iriili, Sr.j:.
fions, Tea, Virc wild, d Vii.dlos, </. Ic^: Uycs, Iruit-., IiaL-,
R(j()ts, Spice.

Drums us'J, C. i ij*. hard in the Night, O. 4J'S. whtrci IV-
ror, 469.

Drunken Men lofl at Sea, (). fi.

Dry, lie Si-alr.n, V/tarher.

Duck^, taire, wi,cre, (;. :;it, f). 4.^6, fs^^. j-,/». S. 2f .?oi n".
l*^)^. I'ol. \V. 109. MI. f'. 69. Durk-I-loutcj, S. 7.5-, 6. V,i '.
Ducks, v/I'cic, S. 16 (caught v/ith Nets, »^.) 30. W. loy. Duck
and MillarJ. their .kinds, </. C. 69 . 70.

i);i/fp, ^'Juiph, (). 2IJ-. Its Wcarhcr, W. 83. Tidc% y'^.

I")un';iii!i' lowl J Cocks :ind liens; lee Poultry.

Durian-Ticc and I ruir, d. and wheie, f). ^\<). ^lo. S. tr. ;. iSr.

1):ucIj and Dutch hajl Irulia Company, (iiiigcnt, S. ly^.. iHi.
Scam n thirvilh and dole, ^iS. theii' TricI' s to iWell (.ovc^ii,
joi'ou": oF t!ie Ew^'/';?;, J 5 I. PoIic(Tions and Trade in the IV.huiid,
<|.f, <^», 7, c ''^.4. C 90. 116. fee A ubn^ lioijairy, Curra^^t^ Jx-
li^lh in iiic ii. i.Uiei. i). ;iS. ;?:?3. 45*6 S, i ^f. 8. VefT.ls bo'.;;;ht
and nc.v fitted, f. 110, i. the cnj^rois the Spice Trade, 0. 31I
3fo. S. 1(^4, 6. dcdroy the .S;i:r, O. 5(<>, 7. inflavc or ave the
People, ^16. T,T)\. 7,06. S. II)-, 6. 8. .64, f. wirh Guard-Shipj,
i/j-;,,}.. 173. 4- il'.ere^ore hated and 'i' envied, O. 516. 331. ^f'\v.
3('j6. .;,f6. S. 117. li'.c ,\1ercli;ntr, of tlurn cxci-id; 1 the Spicc-
IHind by the C'Mvpany, (), 317. ye*: a!lov/'d to !i.idc where :hc
Company not, ih. S. 135-, 6. (-••her Spicc-Iilinds yeT Ircc, O. ^5-1.
5-13. their laitory .-.nd Trade at Torqu-n, S. lo, i, 2, 1, 6.x().\\.
(•heir iloui'j, li) 49. fi, a. <^>ii 7, 4. f. fnirir^ue v; li V.ciivn
Jnokcrs, fi. I'i.irc; grt by them, I'ji. W. ^C. T). j-j.j-, and icft
a;Tain, tb . nirrov/ly mift by •hem, iHi, 3. /^;<?^/; Ship rirpriy.'d,
(>. f I, 2. o'en with vVorm^ t^Cz. ic: HuAzi^i, /'. D,';/:/:j, C
(,'5-.^/ .^/o/f, MAC.iffer, Spicf-ljlancls.

Dyer, what and v/htie, S. 6\,.\. poifomu" us'd f<r dying t'ne
T;'cth bl'( k, 41. fee Anara » r C^rra, d. Bloo I'vvuod, J. 't Red-
wood of Ni-oy.T, or Ntcaram^ V/uod ) ('Tnvv'.'ood, Cocliir."Ci, <•.
Indico, </. Loci^wood, </. Saltpan Wood, d. Silvr-(lcr, d. Srnrk-1-illi
V/ood, d. thc'skiu dy'(i or a-jin'd by Indun:, O. 738. fee D^mrf^
Paintinn;. ^-'^'^

m ■'\

S X.

i. Miik four, \V. ij.
Wine. I)riiikiii;r ,,
10. J69. 4.«;.\vrif

liowcur'd, (). i^-- r

•e ilvcral, S.6i,..ur,.
lIocs. Amhcrj/iici'c, ,i,

//. -(JaniUjiJii (Cum
(ium-l)rLi|;on, d. d;.

it. Sirl.i}vjriili, ,Sc(,r.

I)yc3, Iruits, hcrL-,

U. 4.5-'J. vviicic -» !(,'

5. f.}.6. S. if.'.oi i:\
lult-j, S. 7.f, 6, V,VI.
>.) 30, VV. 10'/ Duck

J. Tidc% V'5.

try.

:?19. ^lo. S, tij. iSr.

liiigent, S. 174. I'ri:,

s to iWtll C;()\/c«, li.

rradc in the IV.Iubi,

pOi/ary, (..iirra'At, Ti-
l,f. 8. Vedl'ls bt)l;^^^t
ipicc Trade, 0. 511
infhvc or avi* 'f;C
f. vvi'h C1unrd-Sli;[S,

cxeijdr.l the Spicc-
d to tt:dc v.'hc'cthc
ds yc": free, O. ^p,
o, I, 1, 1, (J. 1(^.41.
riruc v: h V.'cr.vn
-r'^.' O. J-.}, 5*. ntiu .eft
^;?^^ Si;;:-- firpriv.':!,

/'. D::i:>:S' '^■

-, L-;'d fr: dying t'^e

I'vVuod, J. '■■!• i^'-*^*

v.'ood, Cocliir."el, iL

•dcr, ./. Srork-l-idi

[;. riS. dc Dmrifr,

CV//^r^/ J NT) E X.

t^ARS boi'd, with Wood in them, O. ;i. E.ir-Ring";, 427.5-1^.
"^y Karth vicldin;^ S.ilr-Pcrrc.wiicre, C 1 1. itc ^01!.
'Kirrhcn VVarr, whai and where, C/. zfo. S. 61, j. C. iiy. fee
[China Ware, Jars.

I'ltirg, hov/, O. ^i9.4;o. a ProKiticnfor Soldierr, S.61.

F.li'), k'np. '1 I'iflaf'c ot u Storm, W. 66. 70. ice Tide.

F,!..', whnc, S. 12S.

V,fu% toimd. cafrn, tra<Vd fo'-, t). 14. 51. j-.f. 7/;. foo. S. 30. W.
MI.' f l'ool,i<s nnd Pinpiiins catrn.O. if), vi Eflrif.T-;, ^6.\.. ^m,
ofL.nd Crabs C". ■;;?. of- Alligators (muiky) 79. ot'Crocodi.cs,/^.
An'' !;.'[!;'- ii.'- Aiif, f.o Bin''.

F:';.^-Bir(!s, </. and whfrc, O. f4. C. j ^, 4, ^>.

Piccr-; of £/^/./ traded with, how and wiierc, O. 14^.

F.lcphjnt';, whcic and wlar, and h)w ordcr'd, S. 22, y. 47. 49,
;;. 142, 4, 6.

Klfphanr Idols, where, S. f6, 7. 91.

l.Icj'ant Mount in, atTontj/im, 11, ip,

liifltantii, a Storm, ^'. W. 74, f.

Firfuinfi;, where iis'd, S. 140.

Finrloyments, wliat and where, O. 39;-. fee Artiticcr:, Finiin'^,
Tradis.

EnvJanH^ E-r.^Lffj Channel, mofl regular Tidcj, W. 91. rjrcar, 97.
!«F.Co*/'»-.

Eti/lijh, PoiU-nions and Tmdc in the IV. Indies, O. Cj^. 227.
^Sf. C. 4. f. 9^', 12^. fee Cartbbe IHands, Jatmacn, Locnvood-
Cuftcrs, i'rivueers. \n Africa, O. 7S. iltc Guinea, Sar.ci% Ilelkua,
.V4/.1/. In the v.. Indict, I'aftorics and Trade, and Lri'/.tj}} L. lrjt»
Company, .S. 101, 2, 3, 8, 9. O. 5 ff, ^]. 401. 476. 5-09, 5-12. ill
.Tani.;.d where, S. 101, 2, 3. 1^3,4. 146, !). zt'J'oqmriy lo, i,
i, ;, 6.41. (rhcir Houfc, ^j 48, 9, 61, 5, 5*. 85 ro 90. loi, j-. uC
j^:/;;«, O. fo2, 3, 4, f . S. t 30. 145-. fprcfcnt to t!;c Queen, (4>-, 6.)
(^c. at Malacca by .Stealth, in. i6(J. at'ie Men to be implnycd
in Fniflories, 102. Trade to be improv'd, S. 102. how and w.'icrc,
ik 1:3. O. 64. 316, 7. 3?i. C. 131. where dclir'd to ictrJc, O.
316, 7. 331. 349. 3f9. 438, 9. W. 112. snd Trade, S. f. v/ciromc
to ir, I If. well Ipokcn <;F, O. 4ff, 6. thourrlit Icfs inrroaching
ihzn l\\ri Dutch or Spaniards, 331. 35"9. once traded to Fonno/.t^
ill. how they got Bencoulu S. 182, 3. and SanfiaHelleyta, 0.^-4/.
!';»///?> Women there, ^'. ^48. Exp.oits under the K. of Siam.
S. lof, 6, 7. Reward, i ^8. fome m^flacred there, others leave
i', ifo, I, 2, 3. War with Siam, O. 5-04, and with the Mogul,
S. 146.. 17R. i->i;ff///7; fuinmon'd to Fort St.Cico^ge, 15-3. Rcnega-
(^^S 158. Ei.'glijh uZ Botmo, O. 370. 5-04. Sec Btnconii.^ Cunnimere,
'^n St.iJeor^e, indraiore. In^lijI/ ScmKii Haicc and valuable in

the

i :•

"i :il^^

<■,,;

Gvncral I N T> E X.

the E. Jntl.et, S. iii. rarclcfs nf their Mcil h, W. 41. /crvr 1*
Alo'!;nl, (). f07. ult* ylzimuth (.'A)mp^(\[%, f;r. Itkioni roucli j' i
CdooJlIof'e, :.nA liicir (^uurle to double it, il>. kc IiAr6AUv'i,Qo^fi
(jMiiieit, '^aimu.i, InJi.t,

r.iiicrt.nonuiits, liovv and v/hcrc nnHc, (). 51S. ^^j-, p. ,.
to 4.;9. 4f7. 4'd6. S. f^, 4. f 78. Cj. iin. W. no, i' iwuW
as 1 Mulct 10 end Qiiarrds, S. 7S. Ice under Minncrs, good, );()ipi
ta.tlr.

Iqnaror or F.qwuociiAl, ftlic Li^j*) not (i) lior as near the Tn.
picks^ and why, S. 31, 5. what \'>'inds and U Mthcr thm- -;i,i
near i^, lA, O. z. 100, 8. 1 10. f49. W. 6. t. W. <». 1 1. j-^,^. j^, j
Why S.Wind; rluTc, 6. 7, when and whcic belt to (tdI,-, j-, W. r
6. fi, ,', ri. and hov/fo be done, 6, 7, 9. trom ^:.iieU^n,t,(j.ji^j

yfcouJfJoR. and Tort, C. 4S.

Kil.iiitioris or nttf-Farmii, la- Hcevcs where.

Tfl.%f.i III the 5. Sea, J. and i-.s Mulclcs, C). jj-o.

i//j/'(j in Car/ipeflchy, d. C. i m, i. in vain attcmprcl, tb.

r'ojur J'F/irie'u Kxpcdiricn, W 46. O. 47. Shipwrc( k, /^. j-o, i.l

Klfrii'ros (< ^llridin-j) and tlicir K^es (eaten) where. O. 464. f:

f.thtcki (mnial I'hilofophyj Itu'Jicd at Tonqu:n, S. 60.

elunuch, whtif the alniofl only prcferr'd, S. rtp. 81, z. and v/l
8y. their Qu-iitic";, 8^, 4, f. Voluntary Eunuchs, 81, z.

£:irflpe, I'lcn^y ot Seals mi the N.ot it, <). 91. lee Liiil/icia,Eri;^UnJ.\

Hurofi'.vis, lik'tl by the VVoPicn, where, (). ^17. Cliijlrcn born
of ihein in the U'. Indies, call'd Cnoles^ 68. Friloncrs lent to A.V;;-
CO, t^^'. f+. i''C Dane:, Dutch, E'-glijI), Fnnch, rortu^ucc, ^p.mnr.l!.

Kyes {'Ice Sighr) i'mall, (). 51. 170. ^9f. 407. 417. mci: ,••
proportion d, 297.l)lack, 31. jyf. 47S. fj7, S. 128. Ha// 1,4:6,7.
Eye- Brows, hanging; over the Eyes, (J. 32. thick, 426. ^i:r,
464. f77. Women with none, 479.

Eye Lids, huif-clos'd to avoid Mies, O. 464.

FACES, where People of round, O. ^i, 4.16. Oval, P)",r;:
S, 40, (Nc:^roe Make) W. ixc. flattilh, O. f^- ^- 4°- '">"?•[
<J. 7. 44. 170. 297. ;9f. 407. 464. 478. S. I 28. lull, (). p.th.n.j
J 70. \Vi)incn rounder vilupd than Men, where, 326. v.'C.; ica-
tur'd, 1^. Ice Cnmp.cxion, Countenincc, l-'earures.

Fa<ftorv, what Men bell for Icrtling one, O. 3f2, 3. S. xzi,
i.on'iAut FnUon'sVowcr ^tSiam, S.of. loS, 9. iio. i^i.
Eainiiie-, where and how occaiion d, S. 37, 8. 130.
tAnam, ot Cornmatidel, how much, O. f 08.
Fans of l';ilmtro Leave?, to blow tlie hire, O. ifo, i:
Feaft, at Weddin^jv Q. 3:54. at a Circumciiion, 339. u*- '^"'j
latrojs, 397. Aauuui, f3, f. Funeral, </. S. 5-2. 91, z. ke I.nta-

tamwcms.

i eatiicr;!

J '

Geuernl I N 7) E X.

Ff.irlvrri V'orc in dps, O. 418, 9. W in.

Fc-turci, !> (Jiin, Kycs, Inrr, I'orclicnd, I.iin!\s, F.ipr, Mou'li,
r.'oir, Slnpj"! People of" nor one f!;raccful I'turuit*. <"). 464. .

I (cr, (mall, O. ^i. Womcir; very, and why, nml wliat the Con.
.•(luiiiT, 517.408. fyin^' lurcFoor, O. ^i. ^;6.4.' H. 45-6. S. 4;.

I. 'foUi rernpin'io, J. (). 87, 8. 425. DikmLry ut ii, tS. if.
Hfvl:uij^ witli (,(»;ir<;, /^. reriility, S7, 6. Kifli, 11;^, 90, i. Strcnp'h»
(>. llcibagf, 91. a b.ick Fowl thcic, 97. liillary oi a hloikiio \\m\
!jrth''rc,84, f, 6.

I, VfrrtMndo de Noronh, J. W. frt, 7.

yeiifjtroes, or T-Ic^ioc I'licfts, S.8;5.

Fevers, Men tiktu with them, 0.79. where ficfiucnf, ij-^, J97.
r^+. a malignant one, 224. 230. what bad ^oi ihcm, i». 23. j'/ioj,
1;.

righting, Manner of ir, where, O. 357 fi.u'Iierr none, 5-16. fliorr
nd hafty, S. 74. figl^tiiig to Dcatli, a PanilluncDt, \\\ ImL.vis
.orh to fight in the Kiun, 176. Moi.k-figIii, Jj^, 540. Ice Cock-
li^hr'n^.

Fii-Trer, vrhcrrand how us'd, S 61,4.

Fire, how j»ot by hitihins, O. ,\6^k oi what Woo J. Orone, C.
p, 7. I'lrcs /ccn in the Night, where, i).\)\). jSi. a spAiujh Sji^-
rijl, if>. and riivnreer-;, 25-2. Law^ and I'ro.'ili'r.i n;Min(l I'ucs, S.
■ij,^>,7. and I'liniOiment, 79.

FiHi and Finicrmcn, what and where, O. 2. 9. i to. 154. 14 r, 9

15-9. iri.24t, 2, 5.2;-7.276.2b5.297. ^u. ?4-^- ?f'^- V;^'?' 9-
400. 429. 44K, 4^)5. 474. 480, f, 9. $-14, 5". f^j. J>. ^.8. 1 1.20,
1, 7, 8, 9. 30. 4 ^ 64. 89. 128. 130, I. 142. i(jz, 3. I7f, 6. 181.
(.. i;, 3, f 21 , 2. f, 'J. 31, 4. 71, 2, 3. ia+, 7. V/. 1 10, I. (le
Boncio, Brcmc, Cir-I'lHi, d. Cavally, nofr-Fiih, l.cl, I'l} iii|i-lMfb,
(}ir-Vifli, (I. ]c\v Fifh, </. Limpir, Sea-Lion, J. Manaicc, d. SpMnj'h
M:irkri!. d. Mud-Kifli. Mullet, Nu-ll*, d. Parricoota, d. Porpiir;,
Kiy, (Stinf^RaCp, Whip-Ray,) d lltmoraor SL'cl.nii^ iifli, d. Rock-
^!^'•, (drooper, B^icciUo,) d. Sharh, Tmppcr, d. Snook, d. Sword-
) Hi, d. Tarpom, </. Tcnpound^^r, Turtle. </. Old V/ivcs. f.c Shell-
F,nii where non^, O. ,1. 282. 381. fcarcc, n7. 302. 429. 4(^5, 9,
mod on rocky Coalh, 90. 264. 283. Fin\ aiid Shoals, where a
Sijjn of Land near, ii. Vi(\\ unwhoIcfomclVom their Fod, wiierc,
:'J,4. kili'd hy Storms and Floods, 5-24. W. 68. 70, i. Wild
hiliam lovcFifli, O. f 14, and Privateers always leek tor it, 1 17, 8.
where the main Suofiflenfe, and how c.iught, 465-, ^>. Way of
I idling at Toni^um, and Filh-Ponds, S. 26, 7, 8. 9- 43- Filliing
Infl-uments, and how us'd, O. 2. 7.8. 9. 10. d. 3>-, 6, 7. 395-, 7.
S ?7, 8, 9. 130, I.e. 13. fc ri.Mpooni, Hooks, and Lines, Nets,
Pcf'i I'ec Manatee, Turtle, Mokito Men, S.iikers, Fifliinn;-Towns,
C.43. 124.7. ^nd Banks, 17.21,2,8. Pc.ulFifiiing, fee Pearl. Salt-
Fini, whrvr, 124, C. O. 269. Pickled iMfli. ^05. C. 124. a Imall
u)rt lefs tlun a Henine, O. 5-33. like An.'h.cjvy, S. 27.Comnori.

[ n f tion,

.,.1

yr'\

I. i.'i

1 ^'

! , i *'

it^'

1 . .

^'l '

'•(

Gf/wrrf/ J N T> E X.

tloHi i8 fee r.i/.if /;/»«», Snktmurrty Hoy. Filli catca raw, wij
Goats Miw dfcU, t).4:5o.

t'jhe-s I. by Tincjkin, J. S. lo.

lilhin^-l lawks, liirds. whcic, C. 69. </. 71.

The F/.# IfUriJ,, Ici: h.iihte-lp»M.

1 lap^ u$d, wlcrc, S. 76. w.ih Devices, (). 4ff.

Fuiniii^n, wlv.rc, J. O. 70, 1, x. iu 'I'oir^uc uiul fiiiguar Ntil,

I Ic'.t (Plitt) from T/wrt, nnil its Courfi-, O. 171, 7, y. if;4, ^
107. i.iili:i/', C)nlrrs, i' .-, I. Strcnjrrli, 207. t"i^ht, loy. Alwia;
I'lCCl, I'l.' /lrrh:iu.t^ l;ar:.nema, h'hia.

I'l. Pi Circn r.uv, S. ^o. how ilrtll, fro (.onkery.

J*i''? troiibittomo, wiierr, (J.4O4. He iVJo-kuoci or GnatJ.

yiun llr.i.lv rc» Aniiw>, I- c Airows.

Floatr. in ihc Sea, let li.nlc Logs.

Fio«)d, I uwin^ WauT. fee Tiae.

llocdf, l.an.1, liow, when, anil where, O. t6, y. iv.(j6. 1,,
^11, ;6c), (.". «o, I. 2.91, i- ^ loS, 9. I II. S. ';4., )- rt,,iali.i
the 'it^rr/./ Ir.;:*, asid wiicncc, /:». Cautc ot ^iln }, ib. Kivcri mk
by tliem only, '^. and Ilarvefl tlcp^ciKliiig on them, 37, S, y. Mi V
to keep thi'ni ofi,,/ 4*;. and l»anks,44. Ihvotk mudcby theni,4';
<o. C . (,>i. :{. \V. 67, 8, ta. Water then unwhokfuinc, 0. yjf
Houics (landing as in Ton-lj, 510. 560. S. 180.

Floors, how l-.id, covered, &«.c. U. ifi. 318, 9. JV>'4".'ir

Hvridii, Gulph, its Storms, W. 60. Currents, lof.CourlethioL^i
ir, »S, 9. 24. 40. nt t!(c liarUvenia iMcct, C. 126. its AniUr-
griele, W. ;'4. O. 7;. Indiws lels iavoge tliau reported, 40)-.

Flower, a Cominod.ty, where found, (). 99. 141, J. f i,"i
194, 6. 22;. 249. 2fo. 260. 418, 9. fee C'orn.

Flii,\i:s, where ordinary, O. 1^3. 334. S. 148. how cauglit. V.'.
42.3ndcur'd,0. 311,6. 330. S. 12;. 137. 148. fee i>;»/«p«r':lori;
ll.nef;.

Flyinj» FilTi, where, O. So.

Flying Procr, .y. and where, S. i ji.

Fogs and Mifrs, where and when, O. 94. f' 'T?- 3*^ 'r

5-0, r chiefly in fair Weather, 41. turn to Wind, 40, fi. tioiie;n|
Jfm/, O. 186.

logo I. ot the C. rcr«/f, d. itsVoIcan and Fire, O. 77 Amber-

g^'«^*"' 7 3- . ,,

f(jilvf«, Prov. of C/?/«j, its Shipping and Trade, O. 417, i)- 'H

Dia!e*5t rhe Court Lan^ruagc at Tornfuin, S. j'9.

Food, what nnd whf.rc, O. S. 9. 14. 39. 329. 5f7. 46+. f-^'
47;, 4. 5-40. S. 22. 30, I. ff. 129. C. 3;. 5-9. 61, 2, ^, 7, 9 " '
2, f. 1 1 3. W. 1 10, I. fee Beafts, Birds, Cookery, Corn, Mower,
I'ruits, Inlcclr. Roots. r'oifi)n.

Foreiirui;:, Pcopl;.- of hi^^h , O. 407. low, 32. 416. roumi, 4^f
C. 1 ly. Piji-, lb. O. 3 2y. j Womcns) 526, 7.

F ^om^i''

d Fire, O. 77 Amba-
TraJc, 0.417, S. in

S. If. and MiiVioniirics, 9; to 99.
tlilinils'd tiicncc, m. if^. ftghc

Gcueral I N T) E X.

I. t'tirmofa, il, p;i(l and prcicnt Sutc, En^U^J) exclude J, ZfC, O,
ill.

C. Fortnnfa in Africa, its Fof»s ami I^iet/.cs, V/. fo, 1.

hortilkaiions and 1 oris, wiat and where, o. 46.6;. i ig. 141.4.
179. 117. 111. 141, 6.7. 300, i;i,7,8, p. 37^, 9. :?o7,8.4i6,7.
H7- 4f4-l"'y> 9- fi— f53. (-46. kS, ic/i, 7. (ut TrccjJ 145-. </.
\()0, f, </. 17?, ,|, f, 6, 9. iSo, r, ;. (.'. 8. f4. 3 «• +r- ' i'3. 124,
^, f. W. J7. i'iaccu advaiita^cuus to Le turtificd, O. 9 1 , i ly, 1 io»

Vofty J.f^s, InfcdV, ice Centiptes.

I owl, kc Birds.

C. i/. Fraun/io, J. O. 131. 162. its Rains, \V. S3. Tides, 96,
turrcnrs, 107.

f<rnf/v Fadory at Tt^nc^uin,
t cii iiitacll at s'lMu, loS, 9.

Wo - I', at. Utorgv, {>. fi2, 3. Uctui^cc;, vvhcif, 5-32. 5-47. Ci
ulity to the A. f;. had Husbands of tiie iV. InJia Cattle, C. 98.
oiii: kilid hy a Buiiock, 120. kc lyE/lrccs, I'erti Uuavrest I'rivi-
tetrs.

Frcfli- Water Laj^unc in Ca.v.pe.ichy, J. C. 94. fee Ws'or.

hricrs, lee Piicits.

Friday, the Ma^jomctan Sabbath, O. 358. ^77. the funic Day at
MmJanao as in Europe, tb.

Frocks, what and wiicre worn, a. O. 327. 408. </. C. » 14. (old,
119.

Jrogs citen, where, S. if, 7. ;i. ff.

Fruits which Birds have pcckd, whoUome, O. %(). but fevi^
Birds where Fruit.<; and Kootsonly, and no Grain, 426. whu Juice
unripe Iruit* have in both India*}, 222. A fmall Shtil Iruic and
Budi, d. C. 94. 120. one like a Sloe, S. iif. Fruits g;rowin;T wild,
0. if 8. none in N. HoUmd, 464. fee Annile Jkrry or liuii, Ap-
p^e, Arek Nut, tU Avogato Pear, d. Betlc-Lcaf, k'C Tree;, Bonano,
</. Crcad-hruir, d. Cacao, </. Camchiin, «/. Caniquir, d. Clitron, d.
Coco, d. Cocopluni, d. Durian, d. Grapc-Trcc of Cair.peachj, d.
of P. Condore, d. Guava, d. Hog-Plumb, J. Jaca, d. Lichea, d. I.ime,
</. Maccaw, Mainmcc, d. wild Mammec, d. Manimcc-Sappota, d,
Manchinccl, d. Mangallan, d. Mango, d. Melon, (Musk, and Water
Melon) d, Melory, d. Mulberry, </. Orange, d. Penguin, d. Piiie-
Apple, Plantain, d. Pomegranate, Piick!«-Pcar, d. Purnkin, Pum-
fxnofe, Sapadiiio, d. Star- Apple, «/. Vincllo, </. lee fp-re.

Funeral heaft, d. S. j 2. 91, 2. Goods buried wl:h tlie Dead, O.

AH on R. Remora or Sucking-Fidi near it, W. f^.
G'/i^c's Survey of the H'. indies noted, W. 94, f.

lllcs, d. O. 99. 100, I, i). 1 10! hid in Chirtstoo

iitillap»goi

.!. K;

Ji I

^■[;

•)(t:

Ge/ural I N 7) E X.

near Amcrict, O. ico. W. 5-7. Trade-WinrI brisk tlienc^ to Ctm,:
II. Current there, 107. Weather, O. lo'J. r..,i|, loy. the Tree
Gu.mos, Turtle [X.znA and Sea,) and Turtle-Graf-:, and teed, loi,?.'
3, 6, 7, 9. thc;r Turtle found at ?Uta, 160. a good Stage, wli;tha

Ganooiis (S^anifJ.i) fee Arm.'Ja, Barlavent,* Fleet, Flota.

Calltra I. ^. O. /74. f.

<j.tll:ci>t, in .<i"/;^//;, its Cnurfc and Seas, O. 415. hot Blooms tiV'i'',
f3o its bad Btcf, and v\hy, S. 51. fee Coruma.

Galiinj^al, r-'htrc, S. 65.

GW/»vI. Timber thence, O. 5. 140. RaioD there, /^. gocid An-
ciii>ra;jc, r 11:5, 4. J. 169.

Galii'A'al-', a pnilonous InfccH:, </. C. 64.

Gailicj and Gally-Hou/c, v/hat and where, S. 76, 7. fee Eoit:,
P roe's.

Ganv'nj', where much us'd, S. 42. Wives and ChilJrcn Pam'd
awjy, /^. ice Chine e, TonqHine/e.

Gnr.^a, fee /?..'n^.
/ iiaracliinct Point, </. O. 174. 193. mifnanri'd in M:ij^s, »^. firon?
i lond there, 4, f. its Oyflcrs, 177.

Gardens, where and what, O. 118. iir. 296. d. 5'34, f. S.44,
)-. 160.

Garlick, where and how Ui'd, S. IJ9.

Gar-1 ifli, d. C. 71, 2. the Snout dan^orous, ib.

^i.irsifons rit Tontyuin without Forts, S. 71, 4. Sec I'orts,

R. </f /.? (i^rtos^ (i. C. 12, 3. zi.

Gccfc, wicrc, 0.^46. S. 2(^.

Ccr.tou'z, who and whcic, O, fo7,S.

F. St. f.jioy^e, or MaJera:, Courfe thither, its fine Profpccr, c*''
S. 17S, 9. its Breezes, W. 39. lleeping there in the open Air, v/hy,
41,2. its Terreno's, 47. and flormy Munfbons, 37. it wan^s a good
Road, ii'- a I ight before it, d. O. f22, 3. Idolatrous Procc;i:on
there, 597. Ln/cnn, thence, S. ft. its Mango's, (). 591,2, H:c-iin
{old there, 4.20. Trade for M<i«///a Tobf.cco, J07. 533.

P. Geo'-ge's I. O. 276. fccMxrin's liles.

GiJdincf?, caus'd by what, O. 319. and Delirium, S. 116.

Gilded Rin;^s a Commodity, where, C. 1 19. f:c IjuDawan, Go'l\

Gtlolo I. its low Coatls, O. 42^. 447. Ciove Iflands near it, li
fee Teroate and TiJore.

Ginger, v/here, S. <^;.

Glaf Jewels, and Luokinc^-Glaire?, valued by Irtdtar.:, C.iip.O

Globe of the Earth, it^ Circuit, O. j.F,8, 9, 290. Prcidth of ^'.'-j
Oceans and Continents mifreckon'd, tb. a I >.iy lo/l L/iiic A. m
comp.iiTing it, 376, 7. daily Incrcafc of Sun'5 IX'ciinauon to fcc ai-|
lov/'d for, 377, 8.

there, Of. good Ar,.

by IrJiar.:, C.n9.'

CeneraL I N T> K X

Con, aimofl all that remains to the Portucuefe in I'u/ia^ S, lO'a
."tormr Monfoons there, W. 74, j-.G/j^ yJrait, what, O. 295.

(jor.ts; where, O. ^H.j^.-jj, ^, j-, 6. 7. 84, 6, 7,8. 132, 7* 3 jr..
..iij. 406. 416. 419. 421, 6. 43f, 6. 45-8. 5-^2. 5-4^-. s. 2^-, 30.
li/.W.j-o. killed by Wind',, //>. not killd by the Owners, ( ).^^,^.
jct their Skins and Maws eaten, ;^. 430, Skins dic.'i.a Con.niooicy,
(•/licrc, 142, 5. 214. , '

(,o;</ I. of the lia/Ijees, d. O. jSf. 422, j-.

Gold traded tor, O. 169. 170, i. 335. S. 6\, 4. 129. \fr, 2.
•:kcn by Wcighr, and little com'd, where, 132. oiLhrna ;ind fapan^
• 61,4. Rnie ot it, what and where, 61. i 32. O. 35-6. Goici Mine.';,
.Mountains, and Rivers, andCJold gather'd, where, 41. 124. 15-3, 8,9.
163. 171, f, 8. t93, 4, f, 21 1. 260, I, 6, 9, 273. 307, 8. 310.
\]l. ifo, I. 587. f 13. S. 22. 61, 4. 12-, 9. 13^, 4, -nd perhaps
6.426, ^c, iec liul/awan, how gathered, i>-3. i^f. Lumps of ir,
and lo dug, where, i&. S. 133, 4. Indians and their Padres enricli'd
by it. 0.124. ^Vf' ^°8. Gold Countries all unhealthy, if 3. S. 133,
i. Rings, fy-c. worn, O. 365-. ■5-14. fee BhUhwm. Gold Image
2nd gilded Pagcda, S. 15-2. Goid-Smiths working, where, 130,1.
0.331,2.

Goid Coaft of Guinea, Trials there by bitter Wafers, S.8. 83. it?
Weather, Tides, and Vi^riaiion, W. fi, 3. fee C. Corf.).

(jcUtenl. oiihtSambaUo's, its Turtle, O. 182. Brcc7.cs, L. W.

v-^-

(jo/.'/ew Mountain in Sumatra, d. O. 199. S. r2i 133.

ViiloComeZt d,S. 122, 3. 14a.

Go«/, what and where ufcd, O. 338. S. C)(), 7^, 7,

Congo, a punifhing Inftrument, </ S. 79.

C Lopez. ^5 Gonfaivo, lee C. Lope^.

C. of GW /fo/)?, fee Wop*.

Capt. Goodlud's trading in the £. W/rf, and to C/-/>.;», O. 30?.

.'49.

Gorconia\. d. O. 172. very wet, wliy, W. 8f,rt.

(jovcrnmcnt, where arhitraiy, (damping fndiiifry,; O. 326, 331.,
f. , at Toncfuin the Choua and Pageant Boua,) S. 42. 6(5, 8, (y>c. (ar.
/jV/j^, under Oromheys, and a Pagran*. (^k en.) 141. wliere no Form
oi It, but domeftick only, C>. 432. <\6^-. 479. W. 1 12. -fee Mm-
'31 in, Prince, Pun'flimcnt, Shabandrr.

Craft-m I. of the Bafhees, d. O. ^Cy. .; " ?, ^,0, 8, 9. 43*^.

Grain, (eeGorn. fnnall in Africa, Ico Millet.

(Iramadanl, an Heib, O. iii.

R. Grande, rap- ', O. 42. its Mourlt, ^3.

K. Grande de ! itrien, ice Danen R.

Grapes where and what, 0.5-32, G ap^-frcc nf p. Cor.Jort, d.
'>■ ^i)'^<y^ Ganjpeachcy, d. ^.'.49. m.il'.cfi l^ron.'^ Coil.s, if>.

Graf's whatand where, O. f4, 6, 7. 87. 1 1?., 7. 12 ». 132. 21S.
5M 240, 265-. 347. 40$, 416.416 v^^-.f?,?. ^. 24- C.48. J-R.94.

108.

ii'l

.t ,

#1.

Si,

m\i. Ill

Gc;;cral I N T>.E X.

10??. 119. VV. 109. fet on fire to burn Enemies, i6^. to manure
Ground, C. )-S. none in deep Seas, O. 393. Siik-Gials, where iiid
Jiow uied, \V. 110.

C. Gratin Diof, its Trade-winds, W. 17. Wcachcr, 82. Current
loi, 2, 4, 5-. its River, fee Cape R.

Greaiiiig the P>ody, where ufcd, O ^'37.

Capr. GrecnhiU's Letters to the A. W, 49. ^3.

Gripes, where frequent, O. ifj, 334.

Groopcr, Ice Rock-tifli.

Groves, what and where. O. 6a. ij-8. S, 24^ 44. C. 6. 107. ice
Woods. Idol Grove, where, O. 41 1 .

Gu;tm(Gu>ihon} I. of the LnJroKfj, its Tides, W. 96. brisk Tiadc-
V/inds thither, 1 1. O. iSf, 6. its Diilance from Mexico, vaiioully
reckon'd, and how found .79. zSo, 2, ^,f. to 8. 290. what tiora
Mindanao, 2S8. 306 th Stage of the Acapulco-Ship, going out,
24f. 283. 290, 1. Guam. </. 290, Q;>c. its Fruits, 291. i ilh and
Indians, 297. their Prop's, d. 298, 9. 300. Hogs, 502. Fort and
Spaniards, 300, ^^c. Tnr.c reckon d there as in Eutofe, 377.

GuaacfjAcjuo, Port to TruxiUo,0. 98.

Guano, d. and where, O. 5-7. 101. 177. 212. 263. 320. 592,'
C. 5-0,9. <^»3.96. I iS. Venemous Beaft like it, O. 321. 392.

Guards ot Princes, what and where, O. 33 f. 45- j-, 7. S. 6j. 82,
Guard-Ships, (iXvfr/j,- where and why kept, 163, 4. 173,4.

C. Gardiifeur, {tin Guatd^fuy,) its Winds and Weather, W. 20.

Gr.afco, whence its Tmihcr, O. 140,

Cua/hkroaip {Gn.iz-tuoalco) R, ^/. C. I2T. 2, 3.

Gtuttmnla. C^ity and Volcan, d. O. 22>-. 230. Produft, Uj*, ?,
9. Coall high, 4i;'. low thence to Culiforma, ibid. Current W.
joS.

Gimttt'cc, (Aguatuko, ) Port, d, its Buffadore, O. 232. 3,9.
its Tides 23S. W. 96. T. here once taken by Sit Francis Dr}ik>
O. 23;.

Guava, ./. and where, O. 2ii.2f8.511. S.23,4. 124. 181. C. 94.
107, S.

retii-Cuavre (^Ertnch Tcrtuga) O. 30, 1. 41". ^4, 5-. i92.C,j'j.
W.46.

Giuixaca, its Cochineel, O. 529.

GtitAqtid, or Wyakil, Bay,R. and T. d. O. 147, 9. lyo, 1,1,6.
in vain attempted, 1/3, (y^c. when taken, ij-7. Port to ^«./o,
1^2. its Conimodicies, it;. 60. 96. 140. 1^2. Rains, 140. unhealthy

I.ii CuiAve, (Torto dd Guayra,) d. O. 65. 18/. C. \iG.

Gtiinen Ccali, d. W, 3. 14.80, i, why divided nuo Lee and
Windward, 15-. low and gcod anchori:.^, O. 42f. fp^ut there, ./
4;-2, 3. Winds, WcaLli'.:, and Couifc thi"h(r and thmce, xj^c.^'-i
4. 7. 8. 9. 10, 2, ?. f. 6. 8. 24, Sy :• ;8. 71, 2. 3, f, 6. So. ui
Ilarmatr.ui; J. .J9. Cu/rciiti, v.'lrar, fi. and w/.cnthty ih:lt iao.7

Hawk'S'

l^catijer, 8 1. Current!

a4> 4+. C. 6. 107. fcf

General I N T> E X

Hiwks-bill Turtle, O. loj-. Uippopotamns, </. C. 104, f, 6. Pain;
Wine, O. 78. 248. Plaintains, 315-. its N^'f^ro's Coal black, 46^
jrrejle thcmfclves, ^37. Trade tor Slaves, ffo. Women (c;cn tlic
King's) pronitutcd, y)^, 6. ice C. i>t. .4'.>.i; old CaiUoAr, R. G4-
^o», Go!ii-Co»Ji, Lonri^o, C. Z-o/ff* </e Coiifake, C. Ai^w;^; or AJr/'^r-
r/i,y<i, C. PMmaj^ Sherhoro R.. anil
Bite of G«;>.«;i, ^. Winds and Weather, \V. 8. i6, S. Currcrir,

G«i«£<» Corn, where, O. 48. W. no, i.

Guinea, or Cod»Pcpper, Sauce and Fickle of ir, O. 296. C.
124.

Guinea Worms, where a Difeafe, and how cured, C. 89. 90, i.

Sea-Gulls, where, W. f(J.

Gum, lee Camhodia, Dragon, Lack.

Gums clcans'd, by v/hat, O. 319.

Guns, great and fmall, where and what, O, 529. 331. 3.1.3. S.
69. 70. a Commodity, 6f. 'C. 41. when diicharged, O. 3.1.3, 9.
3f4. turning on a Swivel, 400. Refts and Coveting, S. 71. 3. Sticks
0. 118. Gun-Powder made, where and how, S. 70, 97, 8, 9. P;e
forts.

Guts eaten.vhere.O.f^S. See Maw,

Cuzurat!, Brokers ac uidin. S. 129. 134, f, 7.

RIVER de la Hacha,d. O. 43. its Stock-Fini Wood C. fG.
the Galleons touch there, O. iS^. anil Barlaventa Ficer,
C. iz6.

Hair of the Hsad where black, O. 7. 32. 44. 170. 297. 3 tj-, 6.
39f. 407. 427. 464. 478. S. 40. 128. lank or (licijj'nt O. 7,
525-, 6. 395". 427.464. 478. S. 40. I(»ng, O. 297. 326. .;o-'. 464.

5. 40. 128. thick,. C). 427. S. 40. Oiorr. curl'd, or criipVl, O. ^6\,.
f37. W. 108. 1 10. fliorten'd to the Ears, O. 427. 438. Chinefe
Fari:ion of it,. 407. S. if. aud Fondneis for ir, 52. fere Chtnefe.
Mod: cut off, or flav'd, fee Tartan. Cut otf to yievent fevers, 0. 1 86.
how tied by Women, 326. 407. C. 1 14 (luck wichShclh, O. f;^.
with Tallow and Feathers, W. ni. flievvn to exprefs a Mjititude,
(). 5-14. Of the Beard, fee Beard. Ot the Brows, ice Eye Brows.
Horfe-Hair (red) worn in Caps, 419.

Half^Moon Proes, d. where, S. f.

hallover in Campeachy, d. C. 120,

Hdpo, </. C. 1 1 1 , 9.

Hammocks of Indians, C.6f. iif.

Haniago its Shrimp Trade, C. 127, 8.

Harbours, what and where, O. 46. j-o, 6.j6.()g. 111,8,9. '^^o,

6. i/i, 2. 176. i8f. 193, 8. 2if, 7. 221, 252, 3 , 9. 243. fo
7,9: 25-4,6. 321. 378.383, f , 7, 8. 3«;o, 4. 417. 421.4^4,8.

''k\

Hl^

General I N T) E X.

5*^?. f- ^'- ■73- C. 42, 3, 4,8. iif, 6.7. W. jj*. 74.on whai
Co:.fts bed, C). ^op.and how made, 411, 3, 4,5-.

Harmatans, Wii.ds, d. V/. 49. 5-0.

Harponris or Fifgigs O. z. 7. 8.9. 10. </. 5^,6, 7. C. rj.

Harvcft in tiic Ton id Zone is in the dry Seaibn, W.81. two ir.
a Ycsv, S. ij. depends on the Annual Rains and Floods, 37, 8 !«
Rice.

lints, what and where made, O, ifo. worn, C. 114.. S. 4?. ^
Conunndity, 0.76. iif. C. 110. izo.

Hatchets what and where, S. 131. 181. a Commodity, whrr,
€.41. 119. Stone-llatchets, r/. and wlitrc, O, 8j. 466. fc;
Axe.

Havana in Cuba, its Plantains, O. 313. touch'd at, t?;, f.

Hivcn.', ft'C Harbours.

Hautboy, uled in Churches, C. iij*.

ncads.lVople of little, O, 3 if. great, 464. ufcd toheharc^oj 417
S. 4V 3 Puniftiment, 79. fee Caps, Hair, Hats, Turban-. fka-J-
Ach tVequent, where, O. 1^5,

Healthy Places and unhealthy, O. 15-3. 297, 8. kc Air Difeifc
Wet Seafuu unhealthy, 297, 8. Wet Places, to Pcopls of drv;
186.

//«<«» T. Province, .T'ade, ^c. d. S. 14, f, 6, p. 20, f.j-. 49. 55
Paflage-Boat toCachuo, i^y. 100.

Heat, what and v/hcre, S. 31, 3, 4. 149. how Indtam live in he:
Climates, O. f42.

Hedges, what and v/liere, O. 29'S. 5-54. S. 45-.

^<i»«<!y^, Hellene I. a baiting Place, W. 4, healthy, but pnrr,
S, III, 2. deep Sea, and high Coaft, O. 423. d. 5*44, f . its Change
of Mafters, Produdl, Inhabitants, Lnglijh Women, (^c. ^\^, C,

Point SariHn Hellena, and Village, rf. O. 133, 4. its Pro<iuft,

Hemp, where, O. 2 iS, 9. 223.

Hens, (Dunghil-fowl,) fee Poultrey.

Herbs, where, O. 5-32. Sallade, S. 12, 22, 3. 30. 4f. li'^. Me-
dicinal, O. 9a. 334. S. 22,3. 126. devour'd bvLoc^flj, 0.4p,fiv
Bur,Gramad3el, Grafs, Mofs, Purflain, Thiflles.

lierons, J, and where, C.<)9. 70. S. 26.

Hide:, howdrrO, C. 88. a Commodity, r 10. O, i ij*. i;-;. won,
W. III. fee Skins Leather, Bark.

Hi'n-i.oons, Mmdrtnaictns, their Proc's, Mines, Qr>c.O.T,i^. y^]

Hiil- rn.r:g':'d, O. zp . fee Mark, Mountain, Soil, and

JilnH'Htll, d. C. 44.

f!:Ppopr,f.%wii5 River, or Sea Horfe, of Lon:;^^o, d. C. 1-^4, f, '^
cf N-»/»', d. 104, <J, 7. W. 109. of C. O'ijoj tiope.d.C. 103,4.

stf 'iii*

General I N T> E X.

[ouch'd at, iS;. (..

133, 4. its Produft,

O. Tiy. i;-:. worn,

Hiff>aniola, its Storms, W. 44, f. 6n. Currents lor. Savan-
nahs, O. 87. A'la'ia and Indico, 227. Oran'j;^-Giovps, C, 6. (-"jvi-
lied between trench and Spaniards, O. 192. fee C. Alta Vela, Petit-
(junvres.

Hives for Bees, what and where, C. 112.

Hockfing of Beeves, d. and wlicrc, C. 96, 7, 8. Hockfing Iron,

Hoc/Jjtt, iti Jars, CTC where ff)ld,0. 419.420. S. 137.

Hoes, a Commodity, v/hcrc, C. 119. fee Piantarions.

Hogs, what and where, O. 9. 62. 76. 141. 106, 7, 8. 176. i8(S'
100. 240. 302. ^20. 343, 4. 379. 3S2, 7. 392, 7. 406. 410. 1.9'
^i6.43f, 6, 7. 480, 9. 5-32. f4f, 6. S. 2f. 125,7. 181. C. 30, i»
2, 3. 4, 6, 7. 98. 128. (caring fifhy, 10.) \V. 109. Food for them«
0. 166. and Decoys of them, 168. the W^. ladies hovj ftock'd
with them, C. 98. not kill'd, nor the Guts meddled with, wlicic,
0. 419. eaten raw, S. 30. Hog-Farms, fee Crauls. China-IIogs,
I O. 436. much meafled, 1^. how abhorred by Mahomctuns, 343,
f 490. f If. fee Pecary, Warree

Hog'Jfe, d. O. 475-. others near it, ib^

Hog PJumb-Tree, a Fruit, </. and where. O. 123.

"New Holland, reckon'd too far to tlie E. O. 2S9. and to ffic* N.
461. its Lat. to be kept, by what Ships, 289. how to be coaitcd,
;f I. Difcoverics to be made, 3f 2. dangerous Shoal near it, 461, 2.
Coaft, d. 462, 3 . Tides, 462, 9. W, 99. Manatee and Turtle, fliy,
0.33.449. 4^53, 4. Vegetables and Animals, 462, 3. troublefome
Flies, 464. the (brry Inhabitancs, d. 464, c^r. 48 f. Subfiftencc,
46^. Weapons, 466. Fear of Strangers, 467. Dilcftecm oi Cloaths,
^c. e.6^. Awkwardncfs at Work, Greedinels, Incuriolity, ;i^. Var
of Guns, 469. grcaling thcmfelves, 5'37. Penury, 464, f, 6. 48^.
greater than the Hottentots, 464.

Honduras Bay, low Coaft thence to SanBa Martha^ O, 424. wcf,
J30. Breezes, W. 34. Hawks-bill Tur.ie, C). 104. and green, lof.
Ambergricfe found, 73. China Roots, 409. Mountain-Cow, C.
103. Logwood and Logwood Cutting, 10. ^i- O. 449. 4J0. fuft
Trading of EngUf} there, 227.

Honey, where, O. 78. 37 i. C. 1 12, 3. fee Bees.

Hooks and Line?, ^ifliing, S. 28. 131. C. 12. 31, 4.

Hoops, or Wrill-Bands of Silver, O. 365-. of Gold, f\\.'.

C, of Good Hope, Scaion of doubling ir, O. f 27. and C.'ourfe to
doit, 5-31. cold V/inds there, why, f29. <^%o. Tradc-W inJr, W:
u). Breezes, 24. not the ncarcft Way to the Eaftirn /«;//>;, C). 3^1.
touching there, 5-31. Signs of being near ir, ib. Coifl -nd Prnipf('>,
;^o, I. Table- r. and and H^irhnur, iff 5-3 f, r. D.-^/f/' .^crtlcrn.n's
and Ftench Kcfi'gecs, f; '^ *• Prcidu i, ■r3 2. V Da'^h I'^rt, T. and
Garc'cn, .^. f3 5. 4, f • I'voviiion and Taxes, h. iiipioptArmu, d. C.
'''3,4. Ncgtocs, kcHotrEf.tots.

r E J Hcriion,

1 ,

VI J

• I.-

GfHci/il I N 7) E X.

lloiiv.on, Clouds there, how an*! of what a Sign, fee Clcu(if
The Diwn hij;h or low, p' h^es fii( h Wiiicis, O. 45>8.

Horns < f Spiders, Picktij for Teeth, and Tobacco-Pipe^, C
64.

Hoifcs, wlicrr, O. 48. » if.aj*;, 4, f , B, 9- i^f. 9.170, i.^^,
;?S7. fU. ''^. If- 47. ^- <''9- '17- 'M-- f", J'i'9- 'oi- ^or.c, (/,
22^ C'ltfP, if<?. S. ^o, I. Ilcrlc I(kj|', j-6; 7. 91. (). jf/O.

Hcrfchoot, u Shell Kifii, ./. C. 44, y.

Ilofpiral, where, O. 221 .

hottentits,o\ Hoilntadods, ct{ Monom»tA\ici, d.O. fj9 to 5"4.i.tlicir
Make and Habir, 5-37, 8. Iloufcs, 4'»4. SVJ' *''ood, Pjafcrinfj, and
Way of Living, 464?, 5-40, i, a. Dancinj^ ut New and Fullivloon,
j'4i.'W. ff. rhcir Neighbours, 108, &c.

Iloufes, wl.ar and where. O. 1^9. 140. 300. 522,8, 9-^^o, j-,
6,7. 36f. 587. 410. 417. 418. 4f7. 479- SV)- S. 12, V 43. 4-
f. 6, 7, 8. f)^, 4. C I If. 127. I JO none, O. 464, f, 7. V/.
108. Duck-Houfcs, S. 2f, 6. f iallcv-IIoufes, </. 77. fee Moors,
Pofls, Roofs Walls, Windows, Iloufliold Stutf, S. 43. 9^. uy.
131. W. 1 10.

Hudjouz 13ay, not belt Way to feck a North Weft Paflugc, 0.

Humming Bird, d. C. 65*, 6.

Hunting, where and how, O. ^64^^ 6, 7, 8, 9. C. 3^, 4, ;. fin
a Canoa, «/.) 81, 3, 4, j-, 6. W. no, i. Jittle, S. ay. fee Beeves,
Deer, flops.

Hurricanes, what and whcrc,W. Co, y. <^.68, 9 'o, i, 2. Cloudj
prelagingthcm, d.-ji.

Husbandmen and Hu.sbandry, where and what, O. 269. 410. S.
» ;o. 182. W . 1 10. by luining of Grafs, C, yS. of Cattic, tjL fv.
H:rvtli, Plantations, Piowing,"^ Rice.

J AC A (Jack) Tree and Fruit, d. and where, O. 320. S. 124.
181.
jaccal', where, O. 240.

jai^kets. what .ind wi.cre, O. 427. S. 43. C. T 14.
iSuhtie Jacks, Birds, d. and their Ncfts, C. 6y, 8, j;.
St. '-fago I. ot the C. Vcrds, d. O. 76, 7.
it.ytfgoK. in Mexico^ d O. 267, 8. the T. 270'.
St.Jago R. in leru, d. O. 163, 4.

yamaira, Ccafls, d. W. 31, 2, f, 6. 8?, 4, lor. Savannahs
and Mountains, 83, 4. O. 87, C. 7. 8. 9B. it.s Brtt/,cs, iS m ^2,
4f Weather, 83, 4. Stcrms, 60, f, 8. Currents, loi.Courie
to or from it, 18, 9. 39. 40. 62. 106. bcft Boats, p. tradin;:;
about ir, C. 8, 9. Salr-Pctrc Earth. 7. 8. Caaic. wknce. anJ
how m;knai;(.d, 98. and what it owes to t.l.c SpannrUi, ti'. ^ ^'

■A.

General INDEX,

)rth Weft Paflagc, 0,

'8>9 'o, I, i.CW;

here, O. 320. S. 124.

103, 4. ii\. Ccntipec's, 310. Vegetables, Trajc, ^e. Co, 4.
1 ty. li^ 2^'^, 4. Ill, 6, 7, 8. 196. 3 14. 409. C. 7.8. 9. ne.^-
HicA, O. 104. 117. Kifli, 33. 104. 149. Nets for Turtle, (t. 39,'.
where taken, W. 36. Price of Slaves, 1B4. Ilceping in opt-n Air,
W. 41, 1. Frf«f/> Squailron there, \0. fee liUvpjiel,ls, hUw, Mo-in*
fain, Monte Diabolo, Legnmyy Point Nf^r//, Point iWr^, /'or/-

Jamhy, its Pepper, S. iSz.

J-a^an, Store o( good Tea there, O. 409. Soy thence, S. ifi. its
Gold pure, (n, 117. Lacquer- Ware, 61. ij-i. Camphirc rcfin'd
there, ii<5. Trade thither, what, if. rich, and hov/ to be fettled,
joi, 3. 1/7. O. 594. MonfoonsW. 21.

Jars, d. O. 196, 7. 419. ^20. 434, f. S. 98, 9. lof. i4<1.

7'»i^'» !• high Coaft, (^. 42f. an I. off it, J. 472, 3. anointing
us'd there, f37. Maiming, S, 139. Trade, f. Pepper, 182. engrol.d
by the Dntch, 116. Kruit like a Sloe, iif. MaU)an Ipokcn there,
I). 394. Counter Winds in Stie'^'^hrs to tiie E. oi it, jfi . StreigUts
of Sun da, ^Q^. fee Bantum, liaiavist.

Idolatry, fee Airars, h'caih-, Oiovc,-, Irmgc?, Tf.rcnlc, Lamps
Papers, P.occrnons, Sa- i.'iccs. Temple?, Torches, and

Idols, where and v/hat, O. 39O, 7. 400. 411, 2. S, ^6, 7, 8.

JeoUy the painted Piince, Cr>' ^^- Jf"- j"". ?. 4> f. '^. 7- J"^^*

Jew-Fi(h, </. and vvlicre, O. 149. 25-9. 277. Litcd, 277, 9.

Jihore (Ihor) K.and Kipgdom, d. S. 4. its Halt-Moon Pioei, d,
and Trade, f. ifS. 1CJ4. Malayan Natives, 128.

Images, ice V, Mury^ Saints.

Tnccnfc, where us'd in Sacrifirc, S. fS.

Indies and ladians, f^cncial Oblervations of tlicm, O. ^^^!■. "'41,
5*, 6. 296. 433, 4. 4O6. j-r4. 5-42. S, 46. 1 16, 7. 120. 176. C.6.
W. 41, 2. 74.

£^ /«(^u, vJoafls. O. 42 f. Prodiidt, 174. 315. 387
Indians, E. Habit, U/ages, State, ei"f. J9)". 6, 7. 309
38^* ?> 7- 39'. 4. T- 4-33' 4- 4ff. <>, 9. f37. S. 13
40, 2 64. 112. 129. 130. 142, 3. If J. 164.

Ea^ Indian Ocean, its Breadth, O. 289. difcovcr'd by
f 30. S. 161. how to be further difcovcr'd, O. 331, 2. Courfe 'a
and from, f3i. f49. W. 3. 7. 8. 18, 9. 22,3,4.f. Baiting Place-,
4.0. f27.f3i. Winds and Weather, 306. W. 3. 4. 7. ir, 7, 9.
20 to 7. 39. 47, 8. Storms, 60. Tides, 97. Currents, 107. Filn,
O. 90. lof. 174. 449. fee Aracan, Bao, or Boutin, Ba/Jjee Iflaml^,
Bengal, hotttonl. Cambodta, Champa, Celebes, Ceylon, China, Cochm-
fhina, P.Condorc, Coromandel, Formofa^ Japan, Java, LadroKes.
Mxlabar, Malacca and M*lay.%n, Mean^is, l^luobar, Ombs, Pcniar^,
VegH, Phiiippme Ifiis, Pijcadores, Pr^cd, Praia, S'.nm, Spiccltl.in.ii,

[ E 2 ] Sumatra,

391,

31S.

i|- 3"

fi.-^'.

3-V^-

■S-.'

General I N 'D E X:

Sumatra, Timor, Tonquin, P. U6j, E. Intlia Voytt^t ((iUnm'.)
nortd, S iij*.

Pfefi-liidtesy Courfc to or from it, VV. 9. 18. x^, j-. ^^9. 4.0. fi.
Wmdj and VVeatkcr, 17, 24,, 7. 102. Scafon of Suf;ar Makmi',
Si, 2. Storms, 60. O, 45'i. Tides, W. 97. Currents, 101, x, ^,
f,6. Change there, O. 5-8. Produ(ftions, 54.87. 91. loi, 2, 3,4.
204. 21;. 222, 7. 313, 4, f. ? 20. 426. 45-^.4.8. 24. C. 09. i«-
Ji.ms, VV. their Habit, Stage, Mnnagcment, Ulagcs, (^c. O. 7, (yc.
12, 5, S, 9, 20, I, 3, 4. 31, 2, 8. 41, 3, 4. I I ^, 4. 11^,4, 7, V

M4- '4C4« f-8'9-'r3.4. 7- '^^J.?. ^.9- « 70. 181, 2,;,+. 191,^,
r. 8. 118. 229. 2;^ 4, f. 2+9. 25-0, I, 7,8,9.264, f, 6. 171, ^.
^09. 484, f, 6.5-58, 9. C. 51. 42, 5,6. 94, f. lie to 114, 7,8.
I 5 I . fee Anitric.t, jitluntick iiea. Seci/. And' ecu, ArubA, Aves, bbi.-
en, Boccadal Dra<^o, BcccAToro, Bon(nry.Camleachy,CaractOi,Carii/ie
Cart/icena, Comnna, Ccejuihocoa, Coru I. Cuba, Cttrrajao {^uirtitu)
D.trUr., CrandeK. Ctticire, [Guayrd) I'ltrida, R.U Hacha, tJijpanwU,
hon.itir^f.Jamiiict*, iJihmus^jHcatarit Muracaybo^ Margarita, SanH*
MArtl.a, Mexico Gulph, Moskilo's, Nicaraj^ua, I'earl-ljlts^ Madre dt
Topi, Cofla Riea, Po^to Rict, providence, C. Romarr, Sam6alo'},^cHii^,
'fortw^a, Tnnidadit, C. la VeUy Vaiczutla, Vertna.

h.dian Corn, fee M.iiz.

Ir.dico, d, where, and how made, O. ?i), 6. (Price of 11; 217,

Ittdrapore in Stematra, O. j-ii, 2, 3. its Pepper, S. iSi.

Jndrnn^l t- hand, what the Dutch call fo, (). 289.

Tnfcdh, a poifonous one, d. O. 321. fee Anrs, Bees, Beetles, Ccn-
tipcos, Cochineal, Land Crahs, Flies, Frogs, Galliwafps, Guano' >,
Liz,aicls, Locufts, Magf'ots, Moskitoes, or Gnats, Scorpions, Snakes,
Soldiers, Spider.";, Toads, Wood-Lice, or White Ants.

Inflrument-Cafc's, Coverings for them, C. 73;.

St.Jvkn's I. by China, d. its AnioTals, Rice, Inhabitant"?, IIouftT,
Husbandry, O. 406 to 410. Beli-Idol and Temple, 411, 2. Shipping,
4t2, 5.

St. Johnl. of the Philippines, d. O. ^06, 8, 9. 384. 442, 3.

C.zv'X. John/on' s Murder, S, 110, f^c.

Jonks oi Anyam,d. S. 8. 9. of the Chinefe, 136. ice Chinefe,

InfJ) Beef, a Commodity, O. f 3. Men, 3B8. C. 77, 8.

Iron, how wrought by the Moskitoes, O. 48, f. where none, 4<;4,
6. wild Indians havenot the Ufc of it, 8y. its Value among them,
and how and where a Commodity, 12. 3, 8. 23. 3f6. 360, 3. 371.
43 1,4, f, 8, 9,8. 167.0. 1 10,9. underflood and wrought, where, 0.
429.43 2. Iron Rings made,W. 1 1 1 . fee Axes, Guns, Hatchets, Hock-
fing-Iron, Hoes, Knives, Macheats, Needles, Saws, Sciflars, Wedge?.

Iflands, Ranges of them have beft Land Breezes, W. 34, (>. re-
mote from the Continent have I'mall Tides, 91, f, 6. lilind?
AKor.ymoHs, in the B. oi Panama, O. 17$-, 6,7, 8. 1S8. 198. of
Spire. 317. ^cti Spire, near Sebo, with Canes, d. 379, 3S0. The

Trjc IjiaruUt fi^c Bujhee.

Ifp.ikv,

a !■!

W: i

General I N T> E X.

ifpJiMt Merchants fpend the hotScafon there, W. 48.

Ijlhrntis of America, or Duiun, itj F5icczt.vs on the N. W.rj.
Ccdars.O.ip. Mountain Co ".Cioj. tts/n^MWi.O. i2,3,4,j-,8.
to a4- 40. »8x. Entiniestotholl-of the K. D«r/>», 41. a Rcceipc
of theirs, 449. Intcrc'jurfc with rht; Miflj, ami how hcj^an, %r.
,80, to 4. 161. and Privatccis crofling tic Ijlhmus, Intr. III. ir,
to 14 191, 6, 7. fliortcft Pafljge 23. Soil. iS. CrofTcs, ib. Main
Kidf^e, Z2. for particular Places, d. Ice the Map, O. i.

jHcatan, (TucatM,) Coafts, Rivers, Towns, &c. d. C.Cf.Xo 16,
u, z. and Winds, W. 31. 3. Weather, 82. Currents, lof. Look-
outs, C. 13, 4, J-. Soil, 14, 5-. Saltpetre, 11. Salt-Ponds, 14.
Trade, 10, i. Vegetables, lo, i ,i,4,6.f7. Fowl and Dtcr. if. Indians
Watchmen, 13,4, Fiftiermen, Fifli.Fift/mg Banks, and Towns, ii,
], 4. f . go in iunk Canoa's, 1 1. Spaniards, n, f. Privaiccis theic,
ii.i.f. for particular Places, d. fee the Map.C. 1

Port St. Julian, its Oyftcrs, O. 177.

Janice, by Agreement, O.4J2. corrupt, S. 78. amicable, ib, no
Courts of it, Appcil, nor Delay. 80. Juft Seamen, uj.

KEYS, or Illands, fee of Cnbn^ G)uibo.
Keyhooca, fee C lihooca.
K mgs, fee Princes. King's-IJlandi, fee Vearl-Jjlands.
Kittimpur/^o, ihc Hippopotamus io called, C. lof.
Knircs, a Commodity, C. 41. n^. valued by Indians, O. 13.

LACK, (Laque,) for Japaning, what and where, S. 22, 4, f.
d.6i,i. 10J-. a Commodity, ib. O. 400. Lacker Ware, what
and where made, 409. S. 24.41. f4. 60. d. 6i, 2. 71,4.

Ladders, how and where us'd, O. ifi. 428,9. fee iJongo.

Ladles made of Coco-Nut Shell, O.294.

Ladrone Iflcs, Situation and Winds, O. 297, 8. 9. 300. fee
Quam.

Ligunes, or Salt-Watcr Lakes, O. 241, 2. 262,4. moft Fifli
14.1, 3. 264, f. and L. Breezes, W. 34, |-, 6. and Tides, 91, 2, 3.
Ice Termina.

Lamps burning before Idols, O. 396, 7. 412.

Lances, where ufed, O. 117. 337. 400. 432. ^66, 7, 9. S. 72,'
C' 113. 176. Lance- Wood, d. where found, and Ulcs ot it, O.
118.

Land, how known to be nigh, fee Clouds. See Bays, Cape^,
Coafts, Msrks, Mountains, Rocks, Soil. Landing, bad.O. 7f.23i,
:, 9 247. 2^1, 3,4. 2(52,4, 7. 421, 3, 4, f. C. 107. 118. 123.

good

1.'

( '

( ■'

J.. 'i\

il-

^ .

Cr;/^rtf/ I N T> E X.

good. 4S. O.I jv 169. i^j. ij-S. 164.421, 3 , 4, f . Und difco.
V«rcd by C^^l. Davis, ^ifi.

r.mgiiagc"!!, what ami where fpo ken, O. 530, 1. 431. fcp /fr^.
/^r/:, Chtrn't, Malay nn, Meangian, thiiippine, Spauijh, 'lonnnm^t.
WoiiJi of fevcral, Ice Words.

Laos, Kingdom, .S. 18.11.

La/cars, poor E. Indian Scirrcn. S. ill.

F^atitudt's, by Ohfcrvanon, O.81, 3 no. 181, f,6,7. 4ir 4f;.
474. 494. by Reckoning, erroneous, 188, 9. 190. the A. in 60. S
Lar. 85.

Lavelia, it. O. T76. 211. Commodities, 186. Lima F!c« flicVcr
there, 100, I, 8.

najilant, who, ^%6. his CharafVer, Family, F.xpditioiT;, err
536, 7, 8.9. 34f. 3f6,7, 36(5.7,8. Intercourle between liim and
*hc Eos'JifJj, 316. 349. 3f3,4, 6,7,8, f. 361,1,4 6,7.8,9. 3; ,
444,^,6.

I.avvs, ftiidicd. S. 38. ftri^, 138. fee Fire, Government, Juftic*,
Piiniflimcnt.

I.cad, a Cominodity, where, O. 360, 3. 435-. S. 6f.

I-carning, what and where, O. 330,1.8. 5-9. 6 j. 81. 137.

Leather, fee Goat -Skin:.

Letve^ird IJJvuli, the Cardhe, why called fo, W. i/. fee dimtx.

Leg-;, how fwith'd, and why, C). 31. how broken, S. 77. clog-
ged, 78. rcople going bire-lcg'd, 43. O. 316 480. 45-6. fitting f:rol'>-
kg;rd, ?;o.

Lt^am^, Lf7anea, in yamaica, W. 36. 83.

JLempa, R. Boundary of the SpanifJ} Trade, (^r. O, ijj-.

Leon, O. 213. Port, 2 if. fee RealeJA. Creek, 217. City and
Country, </. 21 8. taken, 2 17, 8. and burnt, 219.

Ltprofy, where and what, O. 297. 334. S. 14. 68. An*.iJo:c,

5'3'4- ^ . ,,

Letters, Spari'jh, intercepted, O, 171. rlo. 100, i. iK^lm

3ff, 6. 370. communicated to the Author, C. 103. 6. W. 49

5-3.4. 7-
J.eyderj, Skin of an Hippopotamus there, C. m?, 4.

Libby-Trec, and its Sago, ^/, and where, O. 1 10, r.

Lice, Negroes and Indium fubjedl to them, O. f 38, 9. Wooc-
Lice, S. 127.

Lichea-Tree and Ffuit, S. 23.*/. 24.

Lightning frightful, O. 1 3 1 , 22f. 322.4i.|.4f9. S. i4f. W. fi.
88. fee Thunder, Tornadoes. A Light in Storms, Ice Qr/;.;
Sant.

Lignum Aloes, and Aguala Wood, where, S, 8.

Lima, i^s Trade, I'lect, Courlc to and fro, ^c. O. 1 ^'^, ^. i+i ?
171,9. 180. 4, f. 200, 1,6, 7,8,9. W. 40, Ship and Cirgo tu
lad from jicapt4Uo,Q. 24 j to 7.

Limb;,]

6. Ltmn Fleet flicVcr

Government, Juftic?,

lo. 100, r. T-Kibii)
C. 103. C. W, 49.

General I N "D E X,

l.imbs, People of good, W. no. O. 7. 17^. +78. ftronp; i,,,!
[y^, W- '97; lonj^, 464. clean, S. 4o.(:. iif. Imill, jjf, 7.46,1.
jnil tlun liodicsj fjy. fee 1 cct, Jlca'is. Ixy^s. Sec Sliaic, Sia,

Lime or Plaiflcring on Wall, where, (-). 140. miJc, ;^, :;9S..)tIicr
Uli ot it, il>.

Mn.e, chcw'd, O. 318, 9. S. f4, f. fee Arek, I'.etlc, fJiinntn.

I.imc-Trce and hruir, C. y4. S. aj. r/. 24. 45. 114. </. ibi. O.
j;S. 191,6. Mcd^rj of ir, /^. fJmc- Jiiicf, /^. 313.

Limpits, </. and where, 0.(34. '7^ 39 5-

luuhunclae T. and Look-out, f '. 14.

Lines for hifljing, fee Hooks.

Tfic Line, fee Fquator.

Lions, where, W, 109.

.Se.v Lions, J. and where, O. 90, i ^47.

Liun-Lizird, </. C. j-o.

Lips, full and thick, where, O. %i. ^^-j. thin and red, 3 if. .S.
liR. how dyed fo, O. 319. well proportion d and j^r.iccful, S. 40.
with Torloife-Shcll hanging in them, O. p. made I'cabby by a
Winds, dj.

Liver, how afTcded by Poifon. O. 3198.

Lizards, where, O. 3x0. 391. S. X27. 181. C. 5-0. 9. Lion-Lir,
L fo.

Loango, Coaft ond City, W.yf. Courfc to and horn it, il>.f6,j.
Current, 107. its Hippopotamus, d. C. 104, j*. 6.

l.Lohs JelaMer, d. O. 9*^, 7. its Provilion, »^. r4'5. 1^9.

1. Ic^o; </* laTerra, O. 96. </. i4f, 6. its Birds and F.j^g.s if 9.

Locufls, d. and where, and how eaten, O.430. d. S. zO, 7,

The Log forwarded or retarded by Currents, O. 290.

Lo^;wood, hov/ it grows, C.5-<5,7. and where, 10.47. fi, 3,7,
79.83.94. none, 44, how ordered, 17,8. ^7. 80. makes good
Co,i\s,f7. Tree like it, where, f8. fee Blood-Wood, Cam-WooJ,
Sappan-Wood. Its Trade and Rates, W.40, C. 17,8. 46, 7. 8r.
j, 7, 8, 9. So, I, a. (profitable to England.) 131. Lojnvood-Cutter,'?,
v/hc.c and v/ho. Way ot Living, Workin;^, Trade, ec*. U. Iiitr.Il.
44.9. 45-0. C. 10, 2, 7, 8. 41, 3,5", to 8. )-! to 4. 6/. 8-) to 3, j-,
10 9. 9i,f, 6. 1 7.8, y.

Loggerhead- fCcy, in Camp3ncli)y,C. 10 .

Capt.Long'^ Shipwreck, C.27, 8,

Longitudes computed, O. 28. 2^0. 2S5", 6, S. 472.. atr.ii:, 2S3,
9. 290. 377.

Look-outs, or Watch kep?, where, C). 28. 63. 149. ify, 4. C.

IJ.4. f.
C. Lopez de (JotifahOy wet, W. 80, i. Wind:;, i<5. )"i, 3. lillj,

Pert of M.irtin Lopez, O. 1 1 r.

C.S^.

I r I '

'£h

" lit- .'Wli'

t '

'';^

Gefjfrat T N 7) E X.

C. St, Urtnx.0, (St. Laurenre.) 0. 7. 1 3 j-. / (mifcall'd in Mr
197,. its Current, W. 107.no I.aml Brec/.i-s, 5;. ' '

C St. LuCMi in California, O. 14,^. xj-i, j-. (rcCahfornu,
I. SaniiM LHCI4. lavagcd by the CAnbbe Imliata, C. i ,-

Lueoni* I. Spanijly TnHr, ^r. 1/. O. 507 583, 4, 7. Piofpti;,
;8f. Winds, ^8;, 9 Gold. ;li7. Iron, 431. //'/r/un;, 38^, 4, mi;;
A(aptile<) Ship, ManiUd, PangaUnain. I (lands N. of it 442.

MACAO \nCii»A, free Port, Government, nc d. O. 418.S,
107. MacnJJtr in Celnbes, d. (). 447. Slave Tudt, 4J0. %
^Ufjti, S. 108.

Marraw-Trcc and Berry, wficre, 0. 10. C. 109,

Marraw Bird, where, S. ii8.

Macht-nt?, or long Knives, where valued, O. 13.C.41. 119.

SpanifJ} Mncki jl, */. C. 7 I , i.

Majaj^afear 1. (A/. Laurence,) its Land-Tortoifc, O. 102. qnar.
rdling Negroes, and (lie of them, foi. Shipwrecks, f 1 1. VV, 109
Wind-;, 19. Sucking huh, 5-4. ufed |or catching othi-r Fifli, no.

Madera}, its fine Profpcdf , S. 179. Ice F. Se. George.

MitgfU'in kill'dat Luconia, O. 307.

Strc ghrs of Magellan, O. 80, 4. Seals there, 90.

JVIa^^^ots in Fruit, O. 113. •

l1a^:itU.\ Valley, </. O. zfi.

Maho Tree and F^ark, Cordage of it, O. 37. and Clotli, W. no

Mahomttiv.iftn, where and how, O. 3 if. 331, 8. 4f4. 490 S 4.
Ti8. 137. S. 180, I. W, j-f. fee Circumcifion, Hogs, Molijuc,
Prayers, Uamdam, Sibbath, Wafhings.

Lc Mair's Strctghts, J. O. 81, l.

Mai/., or /«<//'.iw Corn, where, O. 12.9. 48. 5*9. iii, t;. 141.
If I, 9. 167. 176. 240,4. 2f9. 260, f, 6. 8, 9. 170, I. 9. 281,2,
C. 113,9. 118. none, O. 426. 433. the (»rnin ot the [Veji hulia,
and Support of Birds there, 416. where a Commodiry, 134. Cakes
and Drink of it, </. C. 43. 1 1 3,4.

Malabar, Famines thrre, and Idling Children, S. 37, 8. fo. beft
Pepper, 181. its Storms, 48. 74. Weather, S3.

Malairigo, O. 2 o I .

AUlacc* Srreighis, a great Thorough Fair. O. 394. 401. S. ;.4.
dangerous for Iflandsand Shoals O.439.S. 4.f. 108, 9. T70. ;.
its V/imi.s O. jfi. W. 20, 1. Tides. h(). Dutch Guaru-Shipnhcrf,
S. 163, 4, f. »73, 4. Cat-Fifh, 171. O. 149. kc Arii, J)';j;w':
Srrcighrs, P. Binding, P. Nuttee, P. Oro, Snncapore Strcights, l^ 7"'-
inaoih P- Verero, Sec Sum^itra, and

en, S. 37, 8. ;o. bed

General I N T> E X.

hUUce* Coaft and Prom. S. 4. low, if3, 9. 170, 1. \f% F.ult»,
ffc. i6j. 181, 1. Uil'ot Oil, (>, f37. kc /ifjorff 1», IKtrfMoit^
'S^utd* and

'^SUltKfn Town toucliM nr, S. 4. if". 16}, 4. Hirl'our, i<^»f,i7o.
Tide*, W. 99. Pilots, S. 4. I'orts Clungo nl Mtilcrs, Mjikctj,
Tracif, O'f. '/. Ill, 5". if9 fo »68. 174. U, 400. Shops, J. S. f.
no, I. ice Dutch, its Tongue, <), :594. Ice

A/*//i^4« Lani',ui}',e, liow and where lp«>kcn, O. 330. Crlw Lint^ua
Fr^Hcn of the F.ifl; ;?94, f. 414. 4S4. f 13, 4. f. S. 118. i?i. 171,
a Imooth Tongue, f 9. wlicic Icaint for Trade, (yc (). 395-, S. f 13,
)-. not, S. f<j. wlitic .the Vulgar Toujmjc, O. 394. 4j'4, j-i 3, j-. S.
J18. 181. the BaflffiVi unlike it, O. 4; i. ;md Nicoi>.irif>j, 479. ytt
a few Words of ir, 16. 482. ice

hUUy^ns ('of Maliicc.t, Sttnufrn, £cc.) tlicir VcHlls full of Men,
0.401, 1. their Army, 4r»i. S. 176. 184. fn^'u ni)t in thcR lin, 176.
liold and defpcrate, O. 400, i. S. i' S. U4. i6f. 17 i, 3, f,6,7. iSi.
InuRhty,ii8. treacherous, 113. 181. O. 402. IVavs with them,
400, I. 5-18, 9. S. 1 10 to iif. I7f. rt. 184. their liaj t'a atnis'd, /^.
love Trade, i ly. i6f, 6, 7. civilfz'd by ir, but awd by \\\cD'itch,
iif, 7, 8. 163, 4, J. 173,4, f. iSi. 0:e Dutch Indium. Their
F.mploymcnts, iSr, 2. love Opium. i<S6, .and Cock-fighting, 184.
have Houfes on Ports, 180. fee floufcr, Moars.

Mildive Ifles, Coco- Cordage there, O. 294, f.

Mammec-Tree and Fiuit, j. and where, O. 187,8. 101. no.
1S7. 201.

Wild Mammce, d. O. 202^

Mammcc-Sappota. </. and where, O. 203, 4.

Man of War, Bird, </. and where, O. 49. 132. 473. C. 23, 4.
(Jicir Policy j f, 6. 45'. ^9. 109.

Man of War Ln^nne, in Campe.tchy, C. 92, 3, 4. roi.

Manatee, «/. and wiitn', (J. 2. 9. </. 33, 4, f. fhow taken) <J, 7.
41. (fmalU 381. (Illy) 4r>3, 9. j-jj. C. 7^ 109. 128. Thongs of
rhe Skin, 31*. quick ot hearing, 37. but not of sight, 4^-4. Manatee-
Grafs, d. 34. C. 109. a lirallcr hxfli Water Minatce,*/. ib. the AI/'«-
i/.</;M« jcfs than the (V.Ihdmrj, (). 321. ice Mahiio?:.

Manchincel, Tree and Iruit pjilbnous, d. and where, O, 39. 40.

c.3^^

M-xrid^.Tins, or N()!-iH:y of Tonqwn, their Power, State, M.inners,
C'fS. 16. 29. 42. 5-0, I, 2. ("91,2.) ;-8,69. 76. 8c. Eunuchs, 8 1,
i, 3. 4, f. 9'^>. ofAcfyiiJ, fee Oromkeys,

MM^eral, and T. </. O. 122,^.

Mangaftan Tree and Fruit, ^. and where, S. 124, f. i8r.

Manfi;o-Trce and Fruit, d. and v/here, O. 391, a. S. 13. 124.
J153. 181. Mango-Achar or Pickle, O. 303. 391.

Muigo-Volucrc, Bird, where and what, O. f3i.

[ l^' .1

Mangrove-

General I N T> E X.

Mnnprove-Trecs, and their Kinds, (white, bl.iclc, red,) nnd Man
jrrovc l.cnd, J. and where, O. j-i. d. f4, 5-. i n. i jp. x^r>, x, <■ r/
1;.;.. ZI7. 111. 164.8. 124. C. II, i,4, 6, 7,8. 30. I, I'^p ' •

2. 3.6.94.i-j7.ii8.\V.3j-. 93,;.Oyftcrsgrowingtothcir Root/
C. 17.

MaulU T. Haibour, Shipping there, and Trade, d, O. 245-, <;
;? ; I, 2, ;. 3S5 , 7, 8. (P. Condore, a good Stage to it, fee CJum,]
;;94. 40 f, 6. C. 1 2 1 , z, ;. fee AcapuUo Ship. Profpc.^'f of tlicCoafl
.Vanili.i ilircatcn'd hy the Ch'mefe, O. t^-^x. their KacSlors tiicrc and
fKiminfT, 410. an Irif) Man fettled tlicre, 38S. fee Spamardu Ma-
^;/7/.> Tobacco, ice Tobacco.

Maiintrs oi Tcople, Moral Qualities, ^c. what and where,'—-

(inod, hrisk and couragious, <">. 8. 44. 400. S. j-o. patienr,

O. 41)2, :?, C. 1 16. obedient, i/^". S. 42. (J. 45-4. qmet and pcacc-
f;'.;!e, end chearful, c5^f. 43 ^ ('Vid to be, 477. not, S. pf.) C. nf,
<5, juft nn.! tru;-, O. 4^3, f. (laid ro be, 477. not, S. 95- ) S. 166.
■Ic-e Jullicc, Pii:iin-.mcnt. Contented in Poverty, C. 116. (). n».
legging modeflly, 433. cleanly, nest, and tighr, li. 4^4, laborious
r.nddii^cnr, S. 41, 2. 174. i3i. good natui'd, 128, affable, cour-
tcour., and civil, O, 297. 39f. 4?4. f- 4^'^- 490. S. j-o. i8f. hof-
pitabic, civil to Strangers, and C3li:y acquainted v;ith them. (). 12.
19. 10, I 78. 326, 7, 8. 400. 433 to 9. 482, 6. 490. S. 84.

i.".8.V/. 112. i.atural AfFcftion, O. 25-0. 432. Bad, laz/

and idle, proud and hau;;hty, ambitious, iniblent, O. 326. S. p.
120. i?8. V/. 5-,-, no. fullen or flubborn, O. 8. 44. implacable
and cruel, 326. S. 83. W. 108. revengeful, O. 8. 326. 3;8. 374.
(!l'C PoifoniDg) S. 181. ily and treacherou';, /^. O. 3^. ^6i, 4.
;37o. (kc R. Lant) 401, 2. opprcflivc, S. 8f. faHe and pcrverfc,
laid f<> be, 9)-. conhaiy to O. 477. thicvifli, ii>. S. fo. n8. 1^8,
f).(). 7'j. 31S. 32.'). 3f6. ovcr-rcp.ching --^f, 9. 370. wiiccdlinf;
and difiuiibiing, 35-8, 9. 3f>2, 7. bcggii g, 327, 8. 36f, 9. yo.
( bu; niadcniy; 4:;3. low- fpnitcd, S. 42. Cjaniing, i6. lc;c darning.
Naiiy in Diet, fee Cookery; in Flabit, O. 5-37, S, 9. Drinking
Juid, 10. 3r;9. 433. War.ton and Pimp", S. 8y. Proflitutitig oi"
Women, f.c Women. Lmnatural, fee P.ircnts, Children, Wives.

Mirst Mclancholly and thoughtful, O. 127. C. m^. in-

uirioii', C). 9. II. 4<>, 7, 8, 9. fubtlc, S. 60. 138, 9. in awe of
rriiires Severity, (). 326, fierce, bod. and /avage, O. ;S. 4'.'
167.401, 2. kis than reported, 4^4, f, 6. ealiiy ainui'd, ^-4
loving Tiado, ice Indians, Malayans. I^'cartul of Enrol euns, ami loon
aO'ngiittd, 309. 43 f. 467, 9. 488. not liking the fame Houlc with
Strangers, 4S2, 6. nor to drink afrer thtm, foi. (ee AUhomi'tMs.
//flowing them n general Cjnfervation with their Women, 327. !>•
:?rt7, o. V(.t jca]( us, 367. 374. loving to be vihtcd, S. 84. living,
m romnion, O. 46^. from Hand to Month, i6. 326. ignuran':yl
v.oiking, 4(i8. Natural Qualities, fee Qualificitiotis.

General I N T> E X:

MantUt d. O. i?f. touch'd at by Pynama Ships, i6.

Manufadures, iee Callicocs, Cloth, Eartlicn-Ware, Lacker- Ware*
Fins, Leather, Moloffo's, Muflin-;, Palmeto- Works, Pitch, Salt,
Silks, Soap, Stockings, Sugar, Wine. Sec Commodities.

Maraycaybo Gu'ph, its Breezes, W. 3. Wenther, 82, 3. The Gal-
leons and Barlaventa Meet touch there, O. iSj". C. 126,

Marble Rocks, where, S. 19. 20.

Mar^ariul. its Currents, W. 102. Pearl-Oyftcrs, O. 173. The
Armada and BarUz/entx Fleet touch there, 185-. C, 116.

Maria's Ifles, d. O. 274, f , 6.

Maria I. of the Ladrones, fee Guam,

Sancia Maria R. T. and Gold Mines, d. O. 15-8, 9. \-jf, 193, ^^
J-. taken by Privateers, Intr. IIL quitted to them, 191, f.

V. M^iry's Image, a celebrated one, O. 42. one taken, 99. (cc
Saints.

Marks and Makings of Land o(T at Sea, O. 42. 5-9. $-7. 82. 94,
$■, 111,2,8,9. 120. 2, 131, 3,6. 147. 172,4. 2i(^. 2 2J-. 250, 1, a.
3, 9. 242,4,8. zfi.i, f. 6, 7. 26r, 2, 5, 6, 7. 27J-, 9. 291. ^09.
379. 382,4, f, 9. 390. 416. 447,8. 45-4, 9.460.5-30,1. S.9. lo,
I. 121 ifS, 9. 179. 180. C. 16. W. 5-6. 85-.

Markets and Provilion, what and where, S. 30. 129. ij'Si
162, 3.

Marmalade, a Commodity, where, O.44. r)(). 174.

Port Marquis, d. O. 247.

Marriages, early, C. 114, j*. Feafts, O. 334. W. 11 r, 2.

Sancia Martha, and its high Land, d, O. 42. low Coafts to the
E. and W. 424. Rains, 44. Breezes r.nd Cour/e, W. 40. Stock-Fidj
Wood, C. f8. the Galleons and Barlaventa Fleet touch there, 126.
0. iSj-.

5/. Martin's high Land, </. C. i(>. 42. r2 3. Breezes, W. 34.

Don Mafcarin's Iflc, or Ewj/r'/^ Forrrj}, its Land-Tortoile, O.
102.

Masking us*d in Church :3, where, O. 127. C. Mf.

Majfaclan, d. O. 265-.

Malls of Ships, O. 394.. 412, 3. S. 64. 171, i. fee Timber,
Trees.

Mathematick^ learnt, vrherc, S. 60,

MatiqHe Gulph, O. 225-, 7.

Maw3 of Goats eaten, how and where, O. 429. 430.

Maxenteloo Rock, d. O. 267.

Mayo Illand of the C. Verds, d. and its Governor trcpand, O.

If-

Meangis Ifles, O. 347. Commodities, 3)-o. f 12, 3, 4. the Inha-
bitants, their faiuiiig. Oriumcnts, Fao.l, c^^r. 5'i4. /» ^'> 7- *<-'^
Jeoly,

i¥x\

MeCi'.a-

M t

General I N T> E X.

Mcclunicks, S. 41. 60. 130, 6, 1 3 r. fee Artificers.'

A/e//w<y^ Bay, Calms tlicre, W, 20.

Melons where, O. iaa.S.23. M"sk-Mclons, 124. 0. 302. 211
Water-Mclnns, 134. 302. 5 IT. 418.410. S. 124. 163.

Mdory-Ticc, hruic, and Bread, 0,478. 480, 8, 9. 490.

Men, Ite Bodies, Cultoms, Government, Manners, Ornament^
Religion, Women, '

Merchants at io?;gw/tt. S. 39. 5-1. 6f. Achir.^ 122, ;;. 134,5-. •i^^'J-
Luc^^ 162. 4. Free, whofocall'd, O. 317. S. 135-, 6,

Merga in A'/.^w, a Mallarrc of the Englijlj there, S. i ji,

Mcnua {nJucMav, d. C. 14. 1 j;.

Mc cha{,pi R. Hrcc^.cs near it, W. 34,

Me("s a Gold Coin, what and whcie, O. 5-04. S. 132.

Mexico Kirgdoni. and \V . Coaflof ir, where low, 425-. itsTradc-
Winds, W. 12.25-. Bne/.cp, 58. Weather, 83. Current?, 10 S. fmaii
Gucn Turtle, O. 107. Oyfters, 177. Fifhing, 243. liitlc Shiipm?
or Trade at Sea, 243, 4. 25-1 . 267. mofl- within Land, and by Lami
Cairicgc, 260, i. 277. Si vcr, 269. People thin at the Coail, ;:nd
poor, 25-0, I, f, 7,8. 361. (ee Indians, W. rich and pleafhnt Parts
ot' U-, Ice CdtvKij CnatimM.i, Valderas. For other Places, J. fee
ihc Map, O. 24, and

New Mexico y niutinou'; If:,/ians, and rich Mines conctal'd, 0,
2-2, 3, C. 5-4. SpaiJi/h Trade, how far, O. 225-. fte the Map,
24*

zMexico nay, nnd its Coall, Trade- Winds, W. 15-, ,'rcezes, 34,40.
Stoinvs (i. 60 to f. Currents, lo;-. Oyiler-Bank near ir, C. :S
;rs main Port, i2f, Courfe ot its I'i.ife and Barlaienta I'letr, w.
O. I So. il'c j4harailo, Lci Vera Cmz., Gnaxaca, Hanitigo, Mechajit'.,
J'am.'l:, Sjcnj.'cics, Towpcq'.ie, See Ca>->ipeachy,yuceitiiU,£loruk; \:,
Ifultjns no great I'riends to the SparnarJs, C. 122.

Mixico City, Paflcnpcrs and Ports to it, O. iS;*. 244, j-.:)-;,
faltcd Shrimps a Ccmmodiry there, C. 127, 8.

Mice, where, C. 63.

Sr. Michael's Gu\]^h, O. y. d. 193. Weather, W. S3. Tide:,

93. >"•

S:. M:ch,Hl's M(unr, nnd T. d.O. 122, ?.

Mi!k (our '/V'.rc) for fluxes, S. 148. (of Almonds, il>) drank or-
dinanly. whcit, W. 1 1 1.

MinUi^nno, </. Coafl.s.Tov/n?, Rivers, Harbours, Soil, (^c. O 3-7.
:;ic. -46, 7, 8, 9. 3)-7. 8. 362,7.9. 37S.9. 384. Weather 3n.J
Winds, 321,2,3. 346, 7, 8. 35-3, 4, 7. 360. 370. W, 39. VwAi:
O. 360. City, R. and Hcufes on Ports, ^c. 328, 9, 330. 346,8/;,
3)'7,S. 360.2, f. 479. S. 180. Plenty, O. 309-. Vegetables, 31-: < <'.
"^if, 6. 320. 347, 8. 5-11. Animals, ^3. 320, i. 346, 7, 8, %)•.
j{64, f, 8,9. 37c^, 9. 381. ^-if. S>ip Worms, 362, 3. Aits.lVlani:-
fadtur^?, and Utenfils, 315-. 327. 331, 2. 360. ^i^. $. 131. i'^'
Shipping and Trade, O. 325-. 332 to (5. 354, C, 360, 3. iccir.r.

tS"i; 1,1

,;;H.

''I.

iiilLi )'!«■*

U 1

5;x

Artificers.'

Ions, 114.0.301. 31 J
114. 16} .

So, 8, 9, 4po.
Manners, Ornaments,

-J »ii. ?• 134.5". A/4-
S. 135-, 6,

there, S. iji.

fo4. S. 131.
Tc low, 42f. itsTrndc.
3. Current.s loS.fmiii
g. 143. little Sh!(pm^
:inn Land, and by Lami
thin at tiio Coaft, and
rich and pkafant Parts
'or other Places, ./. lie

h Mines conctal'ti, 0,
O. 225-. fee the Map,

>V. If. i'rcezes, 34.40.
■r-Bank near it, "C. ;S,
d Barlazenta I'lecr, w,
3ca, Haniago, Mechajiy.^

, Jucatm,tloruU; iti

122.

O. 185-. 244,;.:;;.

ather, VV. S3. Tidj:,

imonds, tl>) drank or-

|urs, Soil, 0'C. O. 337.
384. Weather and

1. 370. W. 39. t*lU'..dS:

[28, 9. 350.346,8/;,
■. Vc'getahies, 310, f,
^o, 1. 346, 7, 8. 3)-'-
362, 3. Aits,Alar,a-

C. 3 (Jo, 3. Iccinu.i'-

General I N T> E X.

!y defir'd with the En^lijl}, 349. 35-9. sp.vi'mrds hated, D«^'/j
fcar'd, »^. 331. once had a Commerce with Mar.uUspantardh 305-.
fubjea to them, 351. Advantage ot icttling at Mindanao, and Way
thither, 349. 35-0, i, 2. Opportunity the A. had for it, 316, 7.
?3i-349'3.5'o> ^' 4- Mmlanciuns (ice Alforeei, Hilanoons, Sologues,)
Md Mindauians peculiarly fo call'd, J. their Perfons, Cloaths, Qaali-
r\ss,&c, 324 to S. 334 to 8. 340, 1,1,6,8. 35-6 to 9. 361, 2,.}.
to 9. 370,4,8.5. 129. Eating and Entcit.imnents, O. 511, 9.
329. 3ff to 9. 36f, 8, 9. what Betle beft liked, S. 24. Marriages
and Dilcaies, O. 334. Weapons and Way ot Fighting, 337, 8, 9.
Sports, Ornaments, Mufick, and dancing Women, ii^. to ^42. 361.
Comrades and Pagallies, 527, 8. 35-8, 9. 364, f. 373. Wives and
Concubines, 32S. 534 to 8. 366, 7, 8. 374. Languages and Learn-
ing, 327. 330, I. 431. Rtii^^ion, Molqucs, 5?,8. Circumciiion,

&^- 337' 9- 34°' 1' ^» 3- 3^9- 37°- |<anidam, 343. 35-9. 361; v
Wafliings and Hugs hated, 330. 343,4. ioinc bapti2,'d,jr 16. Govern-
ment and Sultrn, d, hi^ Pcrfon, Qaab'dcs, ^t. 326. 331, 4, f.
Wives and Children, 32^. 337, 6. 341, 2, 9. 3,-3. Biother, fee R.
L.wr. Wars, 325-. 337. 44.1. State, S. 143. Pjcicnts, c^c. O. 35-4,
5-, 7. PunilTiiuenri;, ^f6, 7. 367. E/;^'/i//t Letters at Mtndanao.iJi^'O*
l<j^, 6. 370. Seamen revelling) 373. See Comrade and Pagally.
Sec Chambongo. Iflands near, 331. 340. 443. StcMeangii.

Mindota\. O. 307. d. 382. Strcights, 384.

Mines, fee Silver, Gold, Bulla wauj where none, C. 122.

Mifnlaw of Plantains, what and where, O. 3 14.

Mifltonaries and MiiTions in the E.Indies, O. 477 S, 95 to

7,9-
Mills and Fogs, where, O. 94, y. W. j-o, i. where no Ram,

78.

Miftakes or Errors, Geographical, tec. as to Point Garachln.iy
and C. St. Lorenzo, O. 193. the Breadth of the Oceans and crcat
Continents, 288, 9. 290. Sun's Declination, 377, 8. Mmdaiao
City and Harbour, 309. 310. N.Holhnd Coaft and Shoal near ir,
^6<, 2. GaUapago's, 100. W. fj. 96. ifthmus of America, 93, 4,
S. Tides in the South Sea, 1^. Trade-Winds, ly. Cold Land
Ureczcs, 42. OmilTions in Sea Charts, O. 382. 443. Defeats, 416.
44.4. 45-4. As to the Clove Countries, 447. yf<?/>i 5-17. Duj^ejue's
I'i^ht, f 22. Cold at the Cape of Good Hope, and S, Wind, ^29.
Manatee at Sr. Hellena^ 5-47. Canibals, 484, 5% 6. Mangalian, S.
Uf, Malayan at Tonqtm, 5-9. in confounding Alligator end Croco-
dile, C. 74, f, 6. Mountain- Cow and Hippopotamus, ici to 7.
Arek and Bttlc, S. ^4. as to Cedars never being worm eaten, O.29.
the Acapulco Trade, O. 24<5,
Mo^td, Engltfh ferve him, O. S°1'9' '^'^'' ^'^^^^ ^'^^' ^* ^4^»

Mole to keep oil Floods, ./. and where, S. 49.

Mc'.inht

I .'

n\.'. i
i'

.in

Cc;/cral 1 M T> E X.

yiollnbo, Cabenbo, 8<:c. Negroes daace at New and Full Moon,

MolofTo's. where. O. 186.

Mouaftery, SpaniJJy, where, O. 41. of Nuns, 114.

Money brought from jF^p^ny S. if. oi Aching 132. Trade hm-
dcr'd through Want of it, 41, r. fi. where none, W. in. Cacao
goes infteadof it, O. 62. C. 120. Money-Changers, Women, S, 60.
133,1. 142. fee Coin, Pieces of EigKt.

Monkeys eaten, and where found, O. 14. 10, i. 39. (black and
little) 172, ;;. 212. 320. S. 124. {d. and their Tricks) C. j-y.
do.

Monmouth I. d. O. 38f. 422, 5-, 6, 8, 9; 436.

Monfoons, fee among Winds.

Moon, influencing Tides, where, W. 90, 7, 8. Currents, io::>, ;,

6, 7. not, ft, 2. Trade-Winds, 18, 9. Storms, 60. 72. S, ;6,
Lunar Year, 5-3. Eclipfe, 147. Dancing at New and Full, O. {\\.
W. ff. III.

Half- Moon Proes, d. and where, S. j*.

Moorsy who in E. India^ O. 5-07, 8, 9. S. 146. i^-S. 162.

Mora de V or cos, J, O. 2 1 1 .

Moroon'd, where and when Men faid to be, C. S4.

VilU tie Mofe taken, C. 109. 110. d. and Trade, 1 10, r, 9.
' Moskiio (Mo/quito) Indians, their Qualifications, Country, Halit
of Body, Way of Living, Ingeny, f^c. J. O. 7. 8. 9. 10, i, S;.
dextrous ftriking of Fifli, and Management of Canoas, 1.2. 5y,6,

7. 160. 234. 277. 4f3. C. 13. 109. Hift. of one left at I. Fer-
TiAndo's, 0.84, f, 6. love EngLtJlj and Englt^j Names, 86, 7. breed
up \. Gret, 181.

Moskicocs or Gnats, where, O. 3^6, 7, C. 80. xao. — —Cove,
W. 68.

Mofqucs, where, O. 338. S. 129. </. 130,7.

Mols, Turtle feeding on it, O. 104. long on Trees, 131.

Mould, fee Soil.

Mountains interrupt the Atmolphere, W. 78, 9. gather Cloudi
and Rain, 83, 4, f, 6. burning, lee Volcans. Yielding Gold, !ec
BuUnroiin Gold. Mountains, what and where, O. 22. 42. ^<j. 94,
5. 118,9. 131,6. i;'3. 162. 174. 216. 224. 23 t, 9. 242. ifi,
2, 6. 262. 310. 347. 378. 3 So, 2,4, 5", 7. 442, 7. 460. ,-31, :.
)-4f, 6. S. II, 9. 20, 2. 64. 121, 3. 133. C. 7. 8. 52, 8. 101, I:'',
III, 9. 123. W. 78. S3, 4, 5". See

Blue Mountain and Monte DiaboLo, in Jamaica, C. 8. and

The Mount injucatan, d. C. 10, 1,6. 22. and

C.Mou:jtor MtJcrudAin Guinea, its Winds, W. 14, j-. 5-1.

Mountain Cow, fee Ante.

MoHHtferM \. Storm there, W. 70.

Mouths, People of hrge and widi, O. $15-. 464. midJle feV,
417. little, ;9f. (yet pretty fu'U C\ 11/.

>. j^6. i^S. i6i.

General I N "D E X.

Mozambique, Ambcrgriefc, O. 74. Trade, W. 108.
Mud-fifh, where, S. 128.
Muger-Key, or Wbmens L C. 8 9.
Mol/attoe and Mojlefos, who, and where, O. i85. 249. lyo, li
C. Hi.
Mulberry Tree and Fruit, v/hat, where, and how ufed, S. ij.

4-
Mules, where, O. g^. 149. i^o. 177. C. 112.

Mullets, where, O. 321. S. 128. C. 71.

Munjack, Pitch, d. where, and its Ure,C, 150.

Muicles, where, O. 15-5. 175, 4,7 395. (Tcarcc) 4()f .

Mulick, where us'd, W. in. fee Bells, Drums, Gongs, Hnut-
bovs, Pipes, Strumftrums, That of the W. ImiUtu, doleful,
0,127.

Musk, where a Commodity, S. 61. whence, and how got, 64.
Musk-Kernels, Musky-Flefh and Eggs of the Alligator, C. 7/. O.

Muflins, a Commodity, where, O. 137. 247. fee Cloth.

NAIL of the Left Thumb kept long, where, 0. 116.
Naked, People going fo, all but a Cloth about the Middle^
a Sadi or fliort Petticoat, O. 11. 31, 2. 40.427. 479, 5-16, or
Thong with Grafs or Leaves, 464, f. or Apron of Silk -grafs Cloth,
W. 1 1 o.

Sir y. Narborough, mifinformed, in what, O. 24<J.

Najfau I. d. and an I. of Coco Trees near it, O. 475".

Natal, d.O. \-j6. r\i.

Nata Winds, W. 19. Tides, g^. R. and County, Produft,
Negroes y &c. d. 108, 2cc. R. and Hippopofamns, d. C, 104, 6,

Natural Philofbphy learnt, where, S. 60.

Needles, a Commodity, where, C. 119.

Negroes, where and what, O. 175-. 195-. 200. f^^. fee N.Hollan'
ders, Hottentots, Natal, WildbuJJ) Men ; a Bark full of them, 15-4.
taken, 15-8. Advantage might have been made of them i;-8, 9.
Trade for them, C. 90. O. 46, 7. if4. Wars and fale of one an-
crher, j-io. Span'tp) arm'd, 64. 270. encouraged in domineering
over the Indians, C. 116. Subjedt to Leg- worms, 90. Negroes hHir^
and Guinea-Negroes Coal-black, O. 464. Trial by bitter Waters, S.
83. thofe of Sherboro R. Hofpitable,0. 78.

NeUegree-HiUs in Bengal, S. I4f.

Nets for fifhing, what and where, O. i^f. S. 18, 9, 130, x. C.

Nevis \, a Hurricane there, W, 70,

New

i '.In

■■■'■•fir

f ^l'*!' i 11.1

1:.

General I N 7) E X.

Nov Ycnr, fee Year; New Moon, fee Moon 3 New HolUnJ, !>.:(_
fee HcJlvul. Sec

ScTV- rj7^!^nd hulians, cxploif of Tjiiic of fhcm, C. 13 r.

Kcvfoundlvul, a cold Country, C. i. iis Trade profi^-jble to
T.n;rJarJ, 131. ren[;; lins, O. 97, High Coafts and deep Scis,

4-?-

Ki^ean, Prov. o[ Tonqtnn, S. ii. lufly Men and good Eatcp'

7'- ,

Kicaragu^, L. Tr.ulc by it, and its Wood, O. iif. See B!ood-

v/ood.

Nuo^'-'ir Ifle?, ^/. O. 47^. Commoflin'os and difTerenr ClaraftC";
of the Inhabitantr, ^77. with S. 94, f. Ambcrgricle, true and coi.a-
tcrfeit, O. 72,5. 477. 481,2. Onoas, 483, i.Sec

Nicc'.'r.rl. properly fo call'd, d. O. 477, 8. itr, Fruits, Anima!?,
Plantition,-, 47S, 9. 480. See Mciory. The Inhabitants, ihci:H:
Mr, I.anguaf^e, Floufes, Way of Life, Difpolition, 0™r. 47^!. 9.4S:,
6, 8, 9. 490. ProcV, or CJanoa's, d. 480, 1,6, 7, 8, 9. 49a.

Ni;;ht, then moft Rain in tlic wet Scalbn, W. 88, Smginp; ani
D.incin^ then ufual, v/liere, O. 127. 4/9. 5-41 . tiics thin ic?;;,
382. 4f9. Drum heard, 4)'3.

Ni^ril Point in J^mnicat C. 38, 9.

Koddy Bird, </. O. ^-j.

Kombre de dio:, now a Ruin, O. j-S.

Fmi.vido de Noronho's I. J. W. 5-6.

Norths, Storms, and North-Banks, Clouds prefaging them, J.
\V. 60, I, 2. 71. loy, 6. C. 21. CUcolatt^ North, 39. d. Vv,
Oo.

North Seas, (lore of Seils, O. 90. North Sea, fee AtU^.tich.

North- WcH: and North-Eall Pallagcs, how to be tried, 0. 275,
4.

Nnf";, where People of fhort and low, O.32. 32f, 6, 427.t!iid',
^2. and Pl^^ ih. 326, 5-37. high or acquiline, 44. 297. 39)-. +07.
lirac, 407. fniall, 170. %r(i. mem Bignefs and well prcporticnc;',
39>-. 478. S. 40. 12S. C. I \f. W. 1 10.

Nuke mum, a Pirkle, what and where, C. 28. 30.

Nurlc Fifii, il. rnd where, C. 2^. 3f.

Nutmeg'!, whe'e, O. 316.447. 5-13. a Commodity, and Price,
S. i;2. Wild or Dallard Nutmegs, without Smell or Taftt;,
39».2.

2ulo Nutiee, Water and Provlfions, S. 4.

OAkim for caiking Ships, O. 29$'.
Oaks, the only ones Icen by the Author in the Torrid Zov.i.
C."f3.

Oarrhci, d. O. 25-/.

Oar!,

' in the Torrid Zon;,

General I N T> E X.

Qjrc, what, where, and how us'd, O. 4.29. 490. S. 5*. tj, 4. 75* .'
heft Looms or Handles, oF wliat Wood, ^4. 118,

Oath of Allegiance, where and how taken, S. 82, 3.

Obfcrvations taken of the Sun, O. 82. 281. fee Latitudes by
Ob.

Offerings to Idols, Fledi, O. 411. burnt Sticks, 412. fee Paper,

Oil, a Commodity where, O. 442, ;. 196. 214. of Cocn Nuts,
how made, 294. where us'd,(and Palm-Oil,) for anointing the Bcdy.
f37, 8. Train Oil of Seals, where to be had, 90. G. 26, 7, 8 of
Sea-Turtle, O. 109. no. 59^. (and of PorpuffesJ S. 6. 8. fweet
Oils us'd againft Harmatans, W. 5*0.

Old Wives, riHi, where, S. 128.

Oleta. R. d. O. 267.

Otnhci I. d. and Ifles and Shoals near it, O. \f^.

OnehufJj Key, fee Bulh.

Onions, where, S. 25. 127.

Opium, a valuable Commodity, v/here, S. 1^4. i<)f, 6.

Oranges, what and where, O. 25-8. 29 r. 5 11. (Camchain and
Ciimquif,) S. 25, 4. 4f. p. , 2. 124. 163. i8i. C. 6. 94.

Orange L </, O. 385*. 421, 2, 9.

Ornament, of dancing Women, O. 540. Princefles, 342. of fc-
vcral People, ^2. 326, 7. 407, 8. 418, 9. 427. 43-6. 464. 479J

T'4> f' Sn* ^' S- 4°» '• ^« ^H- W. II I.

Pulo Or<7, S. f .

Oromkeys o£ Achin, O. j-oo. S. 1+1, 2, 3, 4.

Oftridgcs, fee Eftrigcs.

Otoque I. <:/. O. 200.

Otta, fee Anatta.

Oven made in Sand, O. 27)". a Fence from Fire, S. 45*, 6.

Outcry of Fifh at A/;ii/icf/i, Mannerofit, S. 163.

Outlngersof Boats, what, O. 299. 4S0 howferviccable,487.492»
f, 7. fee Proes.

Oyfters, Oyncr-Banks, and Peal Oyft-Ts, what and where, O. 43-
If 3. 173, 4> 6, 7. S. 9. 89. 163. C. 17. 28 .

PAC HECA I. O. d. 175-. 195, 9. 2o<5.
Uacifick Sea. what properly fo, O. 94. and how made ^o, W.
78, 9. 83. Dews and Mifts, though no Rain, 78. O. (j\. and great
Waves, ib. healthy Coafi, 15-3.
Paddles, how and wjiere us'd, O - 299 . W. 58, 9.
Padres fee Priefts {Jipantjh.}
Pagally, what and where, O. 327, 8. 3)-3. 364, f. 377. S.

Pageants, O. 340, i . Fageint Princes, fee Votm, Qj^oiArhm.

{01

Vugfdt^f,

m^ 1 ■■

V 1

( '

M'.ilf

r-Wri.

General I N 'D E X.

t»gciU'>, Idol T'-mpki, whac and where, S. $6, 7. 90, i, 2

i'.'Fo./^, Coin, liow much, O. foy.

raiiitaj, wh:rc, 5. 60. m.G. O, 409. painting the Cotiy, v.krc
and how, ^u^.y^^-j. the Tec; h black, S.41.
P.ibr-;s, ,;. S. 47. 8. 130. l_c Floulci,
PaLui!;^!!, (>r the Sulian oi MimUr.ao, O. 341.
I'idimLtAm in 'u/n.ifr^, its Pepper Trade, U. 4JI.
I'uL'-'C 't 111 Corbintii.Jel, O. yzi. why deferred, W. 74.

and

PalincU), or, J Works and Thatch of it, </. and where, O. ij-o.i
joD. 32S. ;3j-. 412. 47y. S. 46,7. C. 1 1. 49. 79. 1 14. )"• 117.
C. l.ilmA!, Coaft and Winds, W. 16. 38. ^o, 1. Weather, bo.
R. I\ii.i7iai, C. 110.

l\r.o tit' Cnmpcac/.c, I. or:; .v col, why Co call'd, C. 47.

Fim,ima Bay, itsCoall, O. \o(>.\ow, ?4 425-. iiounds, 164. Ri.
vers, 17S. Sliip WornT^, 565. llai",3. Air, c^^c. jS6. W. 8;. VVinC",
^7> 9- 3i> 5" 40- ^^- '^^- Tides, W. 97, 6. iflands, 93*. J. (;. 174,
f . !9;5, 9. 200, 2, 6. 21 1, fee the Map, O. i.

l\i-'ia:nn City, d. O. 17S, 9. 186. its Strength, 205*. wlicncc its
Piovilioii, 176. its Commerce wirji Tortobjl^ 179. 18^., f. Courlc
towari'r, Lnr,a, 4. < 3f. 167. and from Uma thither, 200, i. Oid
T.marn.i burnt, 178.

Vau^ij/i aSi>>miijJ. unfrequented, O. 382. 1- ires in the Nij^iit,
li.

Pa^ifal'un.xm (ViJ'ii;.\lj>.y^ o? Lrupnia, d. O. i?>^.

i'^'i^.illnnm in .V«r/>.{/r.j, lU Pcj per, S. 182.

I'aiirile, fee Ilcofs.

l'ii.iuk R. and Ciiv, d. C 127.

Paper, whar ciui where rr.aJe, S. 60, i. Lurnt in 5.Jcnn ■" 'a
l^:, ^S.9. O. 39r>.

Pjrncies :n Upai-Ji/h Town", O. 219. 269. 587. C. 46.

P^irshites, where, O. 311. .-92. 416. 45-8. S. 26. i 2S
C. <>,'.

Pd-.enrs play away Children, wiiere, S. 4;.
?"• ^> 9. f<^- ^f'^''*" I^^'Ughtcrs to lluibands, i^
drcn.

PuV) P.-r^o'cr, ,1. S. ijR, o.

Pairarol.i, Kifli, tl. (lomi • ...^ts poifunoutj C. 71, 2.

P.jHjt';, wlierc r.ii'. what, O. 39, 32^. 392. S. z^izS. :S'f.C
(f. I Tj. (;i tine l.;iC, ./) li-, 9.

.h,

fell t;-r

it'j c.

iiitinj; tlie Cody, v.htrc

2. Iirc3 in the N.vht,

Liirnt in .'^•jcul'i:.* 9

General I N T> E X.

PartrifJges, wherp, S. i6.

C, V^jfio, <t. O. i6i. no r.ind Bi«c7.cs, V.'. 53. itj Currents
107.

Vctjfagt-Fort in JaiUMtct ^ Salt rattli, C. 18. Brccics, W.

Pafl'agcs North- Weft and North-EaH:, how to be atteiiirtcJ, 0.
273.4-

V^ffm^t-JmcA, O. 409. 5-00, 1, a. S. 118. 13^, 4.

Vi^jlla, R. fee Cooltcan.

Paftures, where, O. :i8. r%\. S. 14.. x\. foe Savannihs.

Vnta^onut, a Stage to Eaji InJia, O. j^i, 2. Arrow-IIeads of
I iint, 8;-. 6.

Pate Bay, great Calms there, W. 20.

Fattmche, 7i.Spnnifi Galleon, its Courfc, O. iSf.

Pavillions tf> Hccp in, a Commodity, C.41. ncccflary, 80.

Paving of Streets, S. 47. fee Floors.

St. Paul's I. O. 1 7 f, 206.

Paunches of Goatr, how drcffcd and eaten, O. 419. 430.

Pea", where growing, O. $-32.

Peacod-, a linA like ir, where and whiti W. 109.

Pea''", when? growing, O. f32.

Pearl, Pearl-OyAcrs and Fiflicry, where and v.'ha', O. 4;.
'75, 4. I". 244. S. 8. 89. Mother of Pearl, where good, O.

Pesrl-lflnncU by Tor.qum, S. 11.

Tearl-lfmds in the IV. Indies, Tee Corn-I/landf.

Pearl- f/larjils, cr KnigS'Iflands by Parmma^ O. 171. </. i7J,6,j,
8. W. 95". fee the Map, O. i.

i'-iw//* Pecacfue, fee Centiquipaqiie.

Pcrary, where, O. 9. ;2, 8. 39. \C<). C. ^9. 9*5.

Pccul, how much, S. 132.

Tfi^o Point in Jamnicn, hard to double, W. 52. Currents,
loi.

Pegu, its Achar, O. 391. Women p-oftitu'-ed there. 397. Ship-
wrcck'd Men kept there, S. 8. its Jars, 9B. low Coali, rich Pago-
h and Image, and Commodities imported, ifi, 2.

Pelicans, d. and where, C. 69. 70, i. S. 26.

Penguin, Bird, </. and where, O. 97. 146. (Eggs) rf9.

Peng'iin Fruit, yellow and red, d. and where, O. 263. C,

Pentare I. / and Smoaks and Fires fcen on it, O. 45*9.

T'cople all lefs favagc than thought to be, O. 484, f , 6. Coun-
try populous and poor, S. 40, i. fee Poor; Manners, Cuftoins,
arc-

Pepper, where growing, and Trade, S. 8. 6f. no, 1,1,3, J"' '^'
?• 117. if8. 164,6. 178. 180, I. d. 182,4.0.400. heats Water
in Ships Holds, fij". Meats feafined with ir, S. 1:9.

[ G 2 ] GuinQA

M '^S:

'-1

Mm '■

k'4 ;

General I N T> E X.

Cntnea or Cod Pepper, Sauce, </. O. 196. 313. Filh Pickle, C. i u,
Jfuimn I't'ppcr where, (). 10.

l'eii.igo'.s, Ice Canoa's.

Pertca I. Road tor P.imma Shipring, O. 184. J. 186.

Peicwiiikles, ShellKifli, where, C). 174. Icarce, 46^.

Tirju, Wmdr, W. 20. hot, 4S. O. ^04, f. Pcarl-Oyrter?,

Fetu, Coaft, Soil, Winds and Weather, O. 94, f, 6. 140, 1, ^
W. la. 5.4. 1^5, 8. 78, 9. 83. Tides, 96. Cuircnf;, 107. River:
not perennial, 79. 80. S. 35-. O. 9f, 6. how far dry, and wlienri'
their Timber, 140. Cacao and Woollen, whence, ifi. E. Indu
Cummoiliries whence, 14^. its Silver, lee Pieces ol' Eii^ht, I'oto-
fi. Buildings, lee Churches, Moulcs. Rock-Fifli, 91 ice A/hh\.
Chill, ^ac'jick Si-a, CalUfngoes Illcs. For particular Places, lee th.
dole iVhp, O. Title j and the Map, O. 24.

Vetaplui Hill, J. O. 248.

St. l\t^r St. PaiiI R. J. C. 94. 1 01, 7, 8.

l'e:t: Un.izre, fee (.Jn.ivre.

Petticoat an acceptable Prcfent to an Indian, O. 15. of fcvcrai
Katicns d. 327. 427. 479. C. 1 14.

jetties, Buittain Coin, S. 132.

FeiDii, who :ind where, O. 5-07, 8.

Vhiltppiue Illands, d. O. 306, 7, 8. Spanl/J}]{[cs, ib. and Tradr
there, iSf. (lee Acapnlco Ship, NlAmlU,) how managed, 244, y, 6
Smuggling. 507. Gold there, ib, 308. 3fo, 1. how named, 4311.
5-13. SUUyan learnt there, 39f. People anoint themleivc^ fj;;.
Courfe thence, W. 2f. Anonymous I. by Heto, and its Canes, ./.
O. 379. 3S0. other Iflec, 382, 4. lee Biifl;p.e Ifics, Batl. St.John'ih
LucoKui., Mcangii Iflcs, MinJnriao, MirJora, Vanay, Sebo.

Puiloibphy, natural and moral, where ftudied, S. 60.

Phrerfy. l.aughing, (^c. caufed by a Plant, S. 126.

Pickers for Teeth and Tobacco, ot" Spiders Teeth, C. 6^:

Pickles fee Achat, Pepper Sauce. Pickled Fifli, what and where,
O. 303. 5-33. S. 27, 8. 30. C. 124, 7.

Piift'-.,cs in Houfes,0. 140. S. 94. of Saints in Churches, C. 11 )'.
pa''\cdlikt W/««/, lb. O. 123. where a Commodity, C. 119. Ice
Painting, Images, Idols.

Vics-i'ond in Beef-IJIund in Campeachy^ C. 77.

Pi<'con.s, where, O. 39. 177. 276. 321. 392. S. 128. iSi. C.
6j. d. 66. fee Doves, Turtle Doves.

Pillory, what and where, S. 78, 9.

Pilots, where to be taken in, S. 4. 1 1. O.' 149. iff. where un-
acquainted, i6^.2i4, f*

?\Vy.'\look^ :xSpXfitJ}} Manufcript, quoted, O. 163. 19S. 131, 9.
240. 15-1, 3, f. 267. 272. 42f. kt Preface, Vol. II.

Pine- Trees, where, O. 198. lee

i:mi

General I N "D E X.

;, O. 13. of (cvcra'

!i. S. 128. iSi. c.

[49. \fj. where ur.-

Tiiiat Port, O. 19S. and

I. of Pines by C«^.i, d. C. 30 to 7. V.cx^z, Kifti. Fluntln^. th.
;f. 98. Mangroves, 32. Violences ot the .i^rm/A Garriion there,
;i. Land-Toituile, (). 102. VVcc Wether U'.Sf.

fine- Apple, I'ruit, where, O. 10.291. 4'3.42o,6. S. ixf.xCi,
iSi.C. f. Pine-drink, O. 10.

Wild-Hinc, Siirub, </. and its keeping Water, C.j-d.

Pipes, mufical, where ulcd, C. 115-. ll-c Hautboys.

Pyratcs, c7;/«?/f, routed, S. 106,7. Malayans, if;. 16^. fallly
fuppofed, 87, 8, 9. fee Privateers, Httggajfes.

ViJcaJore Uhs, Harbour, T. lort, Tu^-tAr Garrifon.and Sliippin^,
O. + 16, 7. Fruits, (jfc. 418. Li(]Uor.s and Jars, 4i9.Cloaths, 418,

9-
Pi,''co, its Wine, 0. 196.

Pitch, what and where, O. 113. ;;94. (fee Tar) 398. (how

ordered for coating Ships, (»^.j joy. S. 8. Munjiick, J. C.

130.

riura, d. O. 143, 4.

Plank, not fawn but fplit, O. 332. fee Timber.

Plantains, where, O. 9, 12, 9. 20, i. ^9. (fet to fl'.eltcr CacaoJ

5i. 74, f, 7,8. 122, 3. 141. 167, 8. i7f. 183, 7. 19S, 9. 200,

i,6. 25-5. 511,3, 4, f,6. 426. 4ff.48o. ^46. S. 4. 23. 124. i6j.

181. C. f. 9. 112. Tree and Fruit, d. O. 31 1 to 6. how tailed,

311, 1. in what Soil, 313. where valued, 313, 4, 5*. how eaten,

%\l. 4.426. Plantain-Drink, ^14, f. Cloth, and where worn, tif.

317. 427. a p culiar furt at Mindwao, with Seeds good for Muxes

5 If, 6. fee Bonanoes. »

Plantations, what and where, 0. 9. 12, 4, f, 8, 9. 2ft. 114. i7f.

348. 429. 432,3. ^46.8. 130. of Cacao, O. 60, 1,2. Cocj-Niits,

479.480. Maiz, 123. C. 112, 3. Cotton, 114. fc of l^imtairis.

Tobacco, Yams, Sugar Canes. When the Hxrveft in thjl'e I'Knr.T-

tiens, VV.8i, 2. fuSering for Want oi" Rain, 84. 'vheremaiin'.'cdby

Women, O. 9. 429, 432, 3. Plantations wlicre ufually begun with

Plantains, 313.

Flauil. O. Intr. IV. V.d. 132, 3, Tides, W.69.

Plate of Mexico. C. i2f . fee Silver. Plate Ficct, lee Limay ArmA-

dn, ButUventa Fleet.

Plow, and Plowing, how and where, O. 410.

I'lumb-Trees and Fruit, fee Cocc-PIumb, Hog-Plumb.

Poifonous, Dye or Paint, S. 41. Food, fee Jvianchaneel, Parra-

cooda. Bones, fee Corrofo. Fins, fee Car-tifh. Poifoning, what

and where ufed, O. 526.374. how the Liver atTcded withit, 398.

Dares poilon'd, 41, Arrows, W. to8.

Poles for fevcral Ufes, S. 26,9. 47.

foUr Winds, cold, O. f 30. S. Pole, Winds thence, j-44.

Poly.

ii '«

' K

( ,'

\'4<

l!:'''rr>

' *

: u

I '

Crz/rr^/ INDEX.

Polygimy, wlicrc,0.35+.(tlic Sultan,) :^ff. j-i,^. s. p. ^4 v;
111.

Ponip,rnmte«, wFierp and wliaf, O. fji, 4. T, 114. fee Maninf
tan. '•

Ponir, mrHicinal HcrNs floatinj^ on tlifm, S. ij, 3.Duckponf1-,
a6. Killi-ponds, 27,9. 48.ff.

F'onr-Ticr, ./. nnd its Uli', S. 14.61. 4

Vcntuherri, trench Fort, taken by rlic l)titth,0.fii.

Ponfffjue Toior. </. O. ifH.zMi.

Poor IVopIe through Want of Tradr, 0.;^4. 39f .S. 59. |,,,.
ft. an.j witli ir, 64, f. begging, 14. thicvifli, fo. ll-Il Wives and
Children, 57,8, 9.

h/Udrty or Nupfirn Sennora de Pofa, rich iMojianciy, (i
4:.

Pofo^Mio's, Mexican Breezes, d. W. 46, 7.
Porcclan, China Ware, made where, and of wliat, O. 409,
hloro de For cos, d. O.iw.

Porcupines, where, C. fg.6i.S. 117 ca^cn, 12S.
Pork, how eaten, and young Pigs, S. 30, r. 91. abhorred, fic
Hogs.

PorpufTcs, and Oil of them, S. 6. killed by a Storm, V

Porta Nova in Coromandtl, O. 388.

Portohci low Co-.l>s on each Side, (). 414. Wind'> and Tornadoes
44. Biccics and Courfc, W. 40. llormy Norths, 60. unwhohbmc
Tiirt'c to the Fnfl of ir, O. 103. Plantains rheie, ; 13. Commerce
with Panama, 17, 1S4, 5-. Goods taken, and Air iickly, ib.BArU'
ventit Fleet touches th'.rc, C. i ;<>.

Portor'ico Ifland, Trade, O. 227. Hog-Crauls, C. 98. touched at,
z6.

Port-Rfi)'al\n Campeachy^ Harbour and Ifland, «/. C. 48. f i.avill
,rcen Turtle there, </. 0. 105-, 6.

PoyfRrjal in Jama'icn, its Turtle, vrhence, O. 106. W. 56. cn-
apg^r'd by a Storm, 6f. othcrwifi* ulcful, - } .
Poits, k-e Harbours, lice, O. 41 H.

PortimiL high Coafls and deep Seas, 0.41 i;. Portu^uffe of Cufx
/'fVr^yUlcspnor, 7c, ;, 4, f. Tmde and Sliippinfi;, where. 307. 38^,
•,8. 460. S. i4f. W !o8. fecGo^, Miczo. Places \ni\ by them.
4.C0. f4f.(;ii;d why,) S. 161. 2. W, f6. Difcovcrtej of thei'./^/./'w
by Sea, O. 5-30, S. 161. there Courfc to Bradl, W.9. Portu^ue[e
V/r)rri«.whcre fpoken.O. 479.

Pnfo'.e, (pnor Sou', J an Indnn Drink, d. C 43. 113.
Poffum, (OppofTum,.) Beaft, where, C. 5-9. 96.
Pofi.s, Hoiifcs butlt rn them, how and where, O. r;-i. 3:8, 9.
♦ f'f- 7- 479- S. 120. i4f, 6. 180.

Potatoes

iclj Monaflciy, 0,

:d by a Storm, V'

O. io6. W. 36. cn-

Ce/zcn^l I N T> E X.

Foralocs.whcrc, 0.9. 11, 4, 8,9. 46,8. 75-. 141. ij-i . ^11.41^.
4;j' T'7- 4f »-+yy- tlic Leaves ilcvour'd by Loculls, 430. wlicii
n<j I'nracoL-Si 4S0. 4^4, 6.

i'o/r//, its Silver iolirior to tlic Mexican, O. itlp.

Poticrs, where, S. 6j. fee F.artficn Ware, jar-.

I'oultry, (Dunphil lowi.) Cocks and IIciu, v/licrc,0. 111.140
;ii, {how kept,) 7,i(j 4.-6. 416. 464. (like ours,) ^'c\u, <;. j-oj;.
f?j. f46.S. If. 30.16j5.1b4. (Cock-rightiii^'. /fr.j C. utj. nS.
W. M I. a wild lorr, </, (J. jc^z, 3.

Powder (Gun) a Commoil^'V. whore, C. 4». ill corn'd, and
nude by every one tor his ov;n Life, S.70. 99. how by the Author,

97' o. 9'

Small Pi)X, ft c Small.

i'r;jft7 .Slio.ili, danj^crous, O, }S9.405'.S. 7. 9, lo/.

VrMci 1. and danpcruus Rock*, </. 0.40)', 6.

Prawns, where, S. 17.

Prayers, htw and where made, O. 338.^4;. S. yjjS.

Precipice;, Towns built on them, 4if,y, 9.

Prclcnts expc(flcd, 0. 32S, 9. what and where nude, 3f4, j* 301,
i, V4. 35-4, f. 418.9. 410. 4f7 ,8. foo.S. loS.

Prices ot Goods, what and where, O. 217. 333. 35-6. 565:. 427.
487,9. S. 61. 131, 4, f. 15-2. C. 47.

rrit'lh,.Sp.»«/77;i'4</r*j among /«<yi*iiij/, 0.44. 123, f, 6, 7. 131. 300,
1,3,4,8. 383,7.0.112,4. Power and Wealth, O. i24.3'3S.C.i 14*
f. learn the Languages of "-he Indians, tb. f-.-e Milllonaries. Heathen
Prieds, where and what, O. 39<J. S. 5-2, 7, 8. S^.

Princes, EaQcrn,' their State, (yc. S. 141, 3. (abufed, iS4.)0.329.
53^, 6,7. 340.1,2. 374, f. Devices in i'lap^s, ^.^fAcc Minilanaun
and liouton, SulanSjR.Law;, Tonquineje ruling King of Choua, Go-
vernment, Guards, Prclents, Soldiers, Women. Painted Pr. fee
Jeoly. Pageant Princes, (without real Power.) fee i>'(?«.i, atui Q_.ot
Achm. A Prince of a SpiccL invites the £/jj/;y/;toTrade, 35-o.36cJ.
+44 6.

Privateers, Buccanters, always feck fcr Fifli, O. 1 17,8. and take
Moskito Men with them, i, 2. foon mutinous it in V/ant, 146. ven-
turous, 241. Signals to find each other, 2f2. their Knowledge of
the fF. /«.//« Coafts, 27, Qiicries put to Prifoncrs, 27,8. Cominii
lions taken from Petit Giii*vres,ib. 39. 6^. 192. bum Vellels they
take, and fave the Nails, C. 47. Manage Canoa's well, 119. Ilfep
on Deck, W.87. obtlrve Tides much, 9. their Ravages in [ftia-
t.vi.Campvachy., Nnvi>p:ihi, and B. of Mexico, C. 12. f. 3?. 47.)-?.
4.9^,8. 109.110,1. 121,2,4,6. Crui;in[^s among the IK Inr.ti.
Cojil and IHands, O. 26 to 66. Revelling, fo. Exploits, ^yc. f o,
6,8.63,8, 9. Repulfe, 63. I'roich, ordinnry Seam. n, ;^:\ their En-
tering rhe S. Seas by the Cape R. 129. by croii'ing the Ijli mm.
(uid Return,) /'irr. III. 7. w ^024. 191, 6, 7. and ti:ft Occallonof
u, 180,1, 2, 3. entering by Sea,. 83,4, Ciuiling,. Occurrences, (^.:,

mm •

'■ 'li;'' "'h ''■

'' 'i

Gi?/ieral I N T> E X,

in the ,9. Sea. gi; fo 278. fcvcral Particulars relating to tliem, ii(C
7. 15-3108, 171. 187, 8.9. 191, 6,7. 102, 5",8,9.2i3,f,9.i:,'
I, 3,4. 241, 2. 3, 7. 2f4, j-, 8, 9. 260, I, 6, 7, 8. 270, i,7,s,
Inthc£. :?;<y/f/, 3f8,9. 364, f. 37», 2, 3> 4» ^- 439. 470.481,:.
5"o6 to f 1 1, I(C Pyrates.

Procellion at a Circumcifion, O. 340,1,2. of Idolaters, 597.

Proes, what and where their Make, Outhyers, (^c d. 0. 19S.9,
;oo, d. 33f, 6. 397. 448. 4J-0, 8. 47f, 7, 480. d. S. 5-. d. 131.
i'roe- Bottoms built upon, iii. lee Boats, Outlaycrs, Paddies.

Prophefy or Preface of the Stirs in America, O. 180, i.

Profpedts pleafant, O. 42. 5-8, 9. 87. I II, 2. 13$". if2, 7. i;;^,
177' S, 9- »86, 7. 202. 231, 3. 2fi,2,3,8. 309. 3S4. 417. 4-1;.
5",o. I. S. 14. 24. 179. C. 109. W. 109.

Proflitutin:; of Women, fee Women.

TtovUencel. C. ^7. by whom fettled, O. 33.

Vuvbla Nova attempted, O. InfrAU. taken, 213.

Fu!o lignifics Ifland, O. T^'Sg fee Condore, Uby, &cc.

Pumice Stones, where and whence, O. 230.

P'jnikins, where, O. 3 1 1. 426. S. 23. 45*. iSi.

Pump,^ (opMi/])) for Ships, how made, O. 443, 4.

Puniple-Nolc, Fruit, ^/. S. 124, f. 163.

P//W.TI [. T. and Pilots, d. O. 149. Oyiters, 177.

Punilhmcnts, what and where ufed, O. 3^6, 7. 367.452. S.77,
to Si, I. 138, 9. 140.

JPurificMion City, d. O. 2^7.

Purilaiu wild, and Ccaelit of it, where, S. 22.

U.iliBcatioii3 of People, docil and apprehcnfive, inf>cniovs, 0'
good natural Wit, aC^livc, dextcious, c^-c. O. 78. 9. ic
3^!*^, 7, 8. 29S. 500. 326. 400, I. 429. S. 41. 2. iS{. VV. i!c
ice Artificers, iVfcch.inicks, Proes, Jonks, ^c. Learning, Culbms,
Cfc.
Qualifies of People, fee Manners.
Quam, a Bird, d. and where, O. 19. 39. C. 6y. d. 66, -

'^h.wtungt Province of China, fee Canton.

"^neda, itidJjt, Oil ufed, O. $-37. Trade, foi. S. 173, 8.

Queen of Achin, her Elertion, State, &c. S. 141 to 8.

C'^ucr !.%[:*'>, Ice Currafao.

Dit 'c)ue[iie^ Voyage, a Fight related in it, O. 5-22, 3.

^uibo (Cobaytt) T. and its other Keys or Iflmds, O. Intr.V^.
</. °2'i2, 3. S- Cantfirras I. 213. Ice Canales I. Ranchen.i I,
and,

<'\iicarn I. </. O. 212, 5".

Quick-Silver, whence, and a Commodity, O. 24$'.

3)uinm,

General I N T) E X.

J^manty Metropolis of Cochinchmci, S.y.
Quincesi where growing, O. f^t.

J^tiitn, irs Cloth, a Commodity, where, O. 142. j|. ij-a. City
:md Gold Mines, tl. i^-z, 3. Rains, fickly Air, and rich Rivers, 164,

'. 39. C. 6f. d. 66,

RAccoons, or Indian Conies, and Rats, O. 171. 176. C. 6.

Rack, fee Arrack.

Rafts, fee Bark-Logs.

Rags, a Commodity, where, O.489,

Raja's Princes abuled, S. 184. fee R.I.vit.

Rain, what, when, and where met by tlie Author, (^c. 4, 14,
6 to 21. 79. 83. 199. 360. 414,5-. 438.45-9.461. W. f^. where
and when much ufual, O. 44. 108. if3, 167. 173. i9f. 230. 322.
360. S. 34, 6. 149. C. 53. 79. W. 19. fi.6i, 8, 9. 72, 8. 80, 2
to 6. pleafant, 5-8. S'*albn of Rains in particular Places, when and
bow. O. 1S6. 207. 297. 321,2, 3. 360. ?94. S. 34. 148, 9. 180,
!• W. j-a. fee Seafon, Weather. Bays moft fubjeftto Ram, 78.80,
2, 3. and Mountains, 83, 4, f,6. much from a fmallCIcud, 87, 8.
Hurt done by them, S. 37, 8. Floods caufid, fee Hoods. Rivers
made by tliem, 35-. O. 95-, 6. whole Overflow fattens the Land,
S. 37, 8. Rain, where a Sign of Land nigh, O. 283. No Rain,
where, 94. 139. 140. 186. and why, W. 78. 9.

Riimihitn, or Mahometan Lent, how kept, O 343, 3)-9. 361 ,

Rancheria, its Pcarl-Fiflicry, (y>c. f/. O.43, 4.

Rancheria I. in the S. Sea, d. O. 212.

Ralhbours, who and where, O. 5-07,8.

Rates of Goods, fee Price.

Rattan Canes, Ufe, O. 496. S. 46. Rattan Cables, d. \6-j.

Rats, many, where, C. 23. 45-. in Siiips, O. 279.

Raw Fifit eaten, O. 430. Flefli, .S. 30,

Rcaleja, Ria Lexa, Pjrt to Leon City, O. 2 t5'. the Harbour »iu1
IQand, fV. 1 18 to 121. the T. d. taken and burnt, 119. lai.j. bad
Air 221, 4. 230,6.

Recreations, S. 5-3. fee Gaming.

Ke^ASe^T, Ambergriefe, O. 74. Pyntesfond of cruifing there,47 9.
when bad going thither, 5-10. Weather and Winds, W, 20,4. Tide,

Red-Wood, feeB!ood-W. Cam-W. T.og-Wood.

Reeds, Hats made of them, where, S. 43.

Refugees, French, where, O. f32. f47.

Religious Belief, Prayers, 0^f. where, S.f^,7, 8. O, 358. none
vifible, 432. 466. 479. f4i. State of it in the E. S. 9f, 6, 7. Ice
Chriftianity, Idolatry, Mahomctanifai, and

H RenC'

-ilr

'■■)■*

!• li H||i

l-l^

ti*-' i

General INDEX.

Rcnegadoes, Chinefe znd Englifh, S. 138.

Revolution at Siaf», S. 1^*1, 2, 3.

Rhubarb, whence, vS. 63 .

RU LexA, fee Realeja.

Rice, where growing, and a Commodity, O. 78. r;;-. 291, ,

3°?- 319- 33?- 3fv384- ?97.9- 4oo-^-''4- *», ». 4. f. 3oVi*
S7. 8. lof. 130, 4, f, 6. 145-. i|-i. r€3, 6. 181, 2. in wet Soil,

0. 297. 406. 410. S. 2f. yet hurt by much Rain. 37. depends on
the Rain-s where, 37, 8. dear bought, 5-0. Harveft, when and how
ordered. 2f. O. 35-3. trod out with Buffaloes, 410, i. how drclTed
and Catcn, fee Cookery ; with Tamarind?, good for lick People,
5-26. the Grain and main Subftenance ot" the £. Indians, 399, .^16!

5. 22. 30, 8, 5"o, f. 126. 14S. where none, O. 426.453. 4S0.464,

6. Rice-Drink, fee Diink.

Mr. Kingrofe kill'd, O. 271, 2. referred to, fee H. of Bucct..
neers.

Rings, what, and where worn, O, i6f. f\^, f. C. np. W.
Ill,

RipHng or Cockling Sea, O. 133. W. 5-7. fee Sea.

Rivers not perennial, where, O. pf, S. 3^. all in the Torrid
7.one overflow in the wet Sealbn, ^^. brackifli in the dry Sea
ion, O. 25-8. how ufed for Bathing, 330. S. 180. fee Bathin»,
Wafliing. Fit for building Ships, O. 1 14. unfrequented, 165
ilor'd with Fifli, S. 27. 128. how caught, 28, 9. Ripllng or
Cockling Sea caus'd by Rivers, W. 5-7. and what Tides.pi. For
particular Rivers, fee the Maps. Gold Rivers, fee Gold. River-
Piigats, / and where, S. 16. 74, |-, 6, 7. River-Horfe, fee Hif-
fopDt;imus.

Roads and Riding for Ships, what and where, O. 48. f;-, 6, S.
63. 74. 97. lif . 144. ifi, 2. 164, 9. 170, 9. 18^. 204,238,9,
25-7. 321 .380. S. 122,3.165-. C. 17. io8.W,73,4. leeAnchorings,
Harbours.

Roca's Iflc?, d.O. fi, f.

Sky-Rockets fir'd at Mindanao, O. 542,

♦Rocks, what and where, O, j-o, I, 2,6.74. 81.97. 101,9.11!,
6.^22. 132,3,6,9. 145-, 6. 174. 186.198.212,232, f, 8,9. 24°»

1, 2, 8. 25-6,7. 261, 2,5,7.275". 282,3. 291, 381, 2. 4of. 4ii,<5i
45-8.461, 3. 475-. 5-45-, 7. S. 19. 122. 160. 171. C. 25,5',6.47. uf
J-. W. f6. (People dwelling in them, 108 ) 109. Rocky Coartshave
deep Seas, and where fo, O. 422, 5, 4, 5*. abound in Fiih, 9 1 . 264.
fee

Rock-fifh, (Groopcr, B^w/dttf,) ^. and where, O. 9i.25'7.
Rocho, a Branch of Tonquin R. J. S.9. 10, 5*, 6,9.11.
C.Roman, its Currents, W. 101,2,4.
Pulo Rondo, d. S. 122.

Roofi.

to, fee H. of BtMt!.
r»4. f- C. np. w.

I.e. 25,^,6.47.124,

General I N "D E X:

Roofs of Buildings, what and where, O. 139. zi8. 387, 47^;
5-39. S. 4J,5'. f7. 130. C.4f. iif. 8. feeThatch.

Roots, eatable, where little need of them, S. 2a. fold, 30. planted,
182. fee Caflavy, Onions, Potatoes, Yams.

Rofurio R. T. and Gold. Mines, </. O. 266.

Rowing, how, fee Proes. To the Sound of a Gong, in exaft
Cadence, S. 75-. without Hands, 139. fee Oars, Paddles.

Tort- Royal, Tort -Rico, fee Tor to.

Rudder, a Paddle ufcd for it, O. 299. S. y.

Rum, a Commodity, where, C. i8. 92.

Ruflies burnt on Idol Altars, S. 43. fS.

Rusk, a fort of Wheatca Bisket, O.303.

S. i-

SAbbatb of the Mahometans, Friday, O. 338. 377.
Sacrificio I. in the 5. Sea, </. O. 238.

'iacrificio Ifles in th?^ G. o^ Mexico, their true Site, C. 124, f.'

Saaificcs to Idols, what and where, O, 596, 7. 43. ^-S, 9.

Saggen, Plantain and Plantain Cloth, O- 327.

Sago, where, what^ how made, and us'd, O. 310, i. 329. S,
148.

Sails, and Sail-Cloth, d. 0.295'. 3S4.413. S. 13. C, 4<5.bad,W*
33. failing fwifr, O, 281, f,6. 300. in JE. lndia% depends on the
Monfoons, W. 22, 3, 4. fee Courle, Shipping.

Saints, painted like Indians^ O. 123. C. iif. fold, 119. fee V,
Mary.

.Saker of great Guns, where the mod valued, S-dj*.

Sale or Out-cry at Malacca, Manner of it, S. 163.

Sal I. of the C. Verds, and its Salt, c^c. d O. 70,2.

Rio de Sal, d. O. 264.

Snlina Harbour and Salt in Campeachy, C. d. 42, 3. fee Salt.

SaUagtta T. 0.245*. 25*3, Harbour, d. 25-4.

Salt, and Salina's, or Salt-ponds* where, O. 49. f6. 70, 5*. iio^
240, 3. 26f, 9. 430, (making, d. and Time of Kerning, f6.) C.
42, 3. Wells dug in Sand, fak if deep, where, 5-0, 1 18. Salt Water
under Frefli, S. 15-6, 7. 4i. Salt-Lakes Hor'd with Fiih, 241, 2, 3.
fee Lagunes.

Salt Creek in Campeachy, C. 99.

Salt-Petre imported, S. 6,-. (uled,) 98. Earth, C. 7, 8.

Sambaloe's Illes, and Point Samblafs, Rendezvous of Privateers
Vegetables and Animals, O. 22,3,6. 39. 40. 101, 3. C f8. 61.
Breezes, W. ^6. ("ce Golden 1.

VxAoSambilong, and their Cat-fifli, S. 17 r.

5/iw^R. </.0. 193, 8.

Samfhui

h ,{.

i, '

i^S,

a* 1

> I

5- iO, 2

C " ■'■•

General I N T> E X,

Saiiifliu, a Sort of Arrack, d. O 419.

Sands, hot, a Cure, O. 2 76, a Puni(hmcnt, 3^7. rais'dby WJnd^
W.ii'.47,8. Wells.C.fo. 118. Banks, izo. high, 123,4..' ice an»
choring, Bays Shoals, Soil.

Santa I'ecaqne, Ice Centicjuipaque.

Sapadiiiy. Truir, where, U. 39. </. 202, 3. C. 48, 9.94.

Sarfaparilla, grows in Water, and where, O. if 2.

S.'ifli worn inflead of other Cloaths, O. 479. fee Naked.

Savages, miiieportcd, and eafily amufcd, O. 484, j-, 6.

Savannahs, Champaign, or Pafture, what and where, O. 44.<-o
Ci.J. 87, 8. 112, 4, f. 121. ifo. 205-. 211, 8. 231, 2. 240. 2 jo,
264, f,9. 347, 8. 369. 384, 7. 406.442. S. 19. 22,114,

32. 40, (J. fi, 3, 8. 9. (diown'd, ^>-,6. 80, 1, 1.) 84, f, 6.1
94, ir2, 7, 8. 120, I.

Sauces, Pepper-Sauce, O. 396. fee Achats, Pickle, Cookery.

Saufagfs gI" raw Pork eaten, where, S. 30,

Sawyers and Saw5, S. 60. C. 41. O. 35'7. none, 33a.

Scabby Lips caus'd by a Wind, O. 63.

Scales not ukd, wliere, O. 434.

Scarf, what and wheie worn.O. 4J-6. S. 129.

Scholar^, where the only Courtiers, S. 5-9. Schools, 0. 330,1.

Scuchadero, d. O. 195-. \

Sciflhrs, a Commodity, where, C. 119. O. 23.

Sccrpions, O. 320. C. 63. S. 2)". an Antidote, f 3, 4.

Smda I. Sir Tr. Drake's Bowels buried there, O. 39.

Scurvcy cur'd, O. 92,5-48.

Sea, wlieie, high, great, rough, /welling, O. f f. 1 34. 19S. 2;i,
2,3,9. 24/, 7. 2f3 .262,4, 7. 5'43, 4. C. 123,4. increakd by
contrary VVinds, W. 106, 7.O. 421. ice Tornadoes, Storms. No
Grafs or Weeds in deep Seas, 393. where deep or flullow, 3'iJ
dccpniiig gradually, li/. 422, 3, 4, 5*. C. 16. 48. Hcad-Sea, 2:.
Cockling or Rippling, O. 82. 133.41 f.W. 5-7. fparkling and work-
ing Waves, in Storms, 69. O. 414. always fmooth, C, 30. long
Ebb prcfaging Storms. W. 61,6. 70. Change of Colour, O. So.
vfually a Si^n of Shcals, or Land near, C. 28. Sea. and Wind rife
and fill together, O. 217. At Sea, Land-i3rcezes fainreft, W, 31,!)
3. fevvcll Tornadoes, 86, 7. 8. Far at Sea, weakeft Currents, 104,
^ud Birdii not fcen, O. 282. 5-31. Sea- Winds warmed, 5-29. fe?
WeatJicr, Winds. FreOi Waier taken up at Sea, 42, S. i f6. warily,
If 7. Sea-Marky, fee Marks, fee AtUvUick, IndsAn, lied-Sen.LsM
Mexico, and South-Sea,

Seamen, good, S.4,f. bad, fee Spaniards. Ignorance, O. 27(5,7-
8. f 07. W-. I f . Supeti^irion, 3 i . loft by (^arelelncis, 41,2. Proverb,
4r. Hardn:ip,48. Tricks, O. 318. Thieviili, /^. fiS, 9. juftS
J '7, 8. fcaicc, I ij. fee, L'icars.

Sea-

General I N 7j E X.

Sea-Dcvils, Fifh, J. C. 7;. Sca-Covv, lee Manatee. Sea or Rv
vcr-Horfe, He Hippopotamus. Sea-I.ion, kelAon. Sea Dog, ice

Seals, ii. and where, (where Plenty of FifliJ O.89.90, 146. laltcJ,
263,4. 276. 5-33. C, 2f, 6. St-al-Skin Floats, </. W. <8, 9.

Sealbns ot the Year, wet and dry, what and wlicrc, d, \V. j6 to
SS. S. 148, 9. ('divide the Year, as Summer and Winter,) 5 1 , z. W.r,
when. 34, f. 180.0. 177. 3i2.C.ff.\V. j-z. fee Rains, Floods. Med
Rain then at Night, 88. incommodious, S.4)-.7 3. O) flcr.', thi n frcfli,
C, ly.Dry, when and where, 0. 197. 25-8.297.323. 361. 394.8. 56.
90. C. ff. W. 5-8. the Harveft Time of Plantations, W.S 1 , a piea-
lant.C. 122. Water how preferv'd then, 5-6. 76, 7. Rivers hrackifli,
2J-8.277. Se;:!fon of Winds, what and where, 38^9. 44. 180. 298.
303,6. 322. 346,7.35-3, 4,7. 401, 5'.4i3.437,9.(andl]gn,)49o.f44.
S. 179. W. 4. 8. 9. II, 2, 3. 22.7. 30,5-. 43,4,6. lor, 2. for failing,
bad, O. 35-4 416. 439. 461. 5-04, 5". 510. c?4, for Tornado's, 4^8.
W. ^-i. Tuffcons, S. 36. Norths, 60. C. ic). Souths, W.6f. Hurri-
canes, 68. flormy Monfoons, 73. Currents, 106, 7. "eroding the
Line, fee Ecfuator. Making Salt, ^c. fee Salt, Sugar. Fifhing, C. i f.
Peiiodical Seafons of Travelling kept by Fifli and Fowl, O. 394,
fee Turtle.
Sebol. and one of Canes by it, ^/. 0. 379. 380;
Segovia^ in Mexico, vifited by Privateers, 0. 129.
Sclam Look-out, C. 13,4.
Serle (Captain,) and Serte't-Key, C.fz.
Serpents, fee Snakes.

Settlements, Provifionand Perfons neceftiry for them, O. 35-2, 3.
(and where to be made, 15-8,9. 349. 35-0, i. 394. S. loi, 2,3. fee
Faftories, Trade.
Shttbander oi Achin,0 . ^oi.S. 1^:^1,1,^, f . o? Malacca, 16^,6, 7.
Shackles and Wriflbands of Gold, where worn, O, 5'i4,5'.
Shallow Places, O. 33. 125". 109. fee Shoals.
Shape of People, where flraight, well-made or fhap'd. O. 7. 170,
'97- 395'. 406. 45*4.464. 478. C. 115-, (and ilcndcr,) S. 181. raw-
bon'd, O. 406. fquat, 426. thin, 5-37. fee Limbs.

Sharks, where, O. 6^. 79. 1 10.472. C. 25-. 55". W. 5-5'. kiU'd by
Storms, S. i. how drefs'cl to cat, O.79.

Sheathing of Siups, how neccllary, O. 360,2,3.
Sheep, where, O. 387.464.5-32. 5-40. (a few tor the King,}S. 2c.
their Skins worn, and Guts eaten, O. 5-38, 9. 5-40.

Shell-fifli, where, and what, S. 27. C. 17.0.449. ,-40. fcarce, 46c.
a Sort red like boil'd Shrimps, 81. fee Clams, d. Cockles, Conchs
Crabs, d. Craw-filh, Horfe- hoofs, ^/. Muicles.Oyucis, J.Paiwinklcs,
I'rawns, Shrimps. Shells fluck in the Flair, 5-3S.

Sherboro,CherbMrg R. near Sierra Leona, En^lijl: Fadory and Trade
of Camwftod, 0. 78. C. 5*8.

Ships and Shipping, where built, 0. 1 14. wlnthcr fcnt, (.c Tradc-
Littlcus'dj wherein;. 243. 267, C. m. iupprdsUS. iiS.E.ln-

tit an I

r f

ll-'.

ttftr ' .r.

K; •^•

CeJieral I N T> E X.

dlw, wint and where, O. 351. S. 5-. 8. 9. 74, f,6,-j, 88. no, i.
Ho'jfes built to attend them, 11,5. meafur'd, 0.3^4,. fee Chi^ma,
Chiuffe Jonks, Proes. Spaniflt, fe« Acapnlco Ship, Armada, Barul
lienta Hcct, Flora, Lima. Eaten with Worms, fee Shcathinir. Qua,'
ter deck cut down, 380. how made to wear, W. 6+. caft'on Land
by Storms. C. 92. 3. W. 67, 9.73. {ec Wrecks. Seams opening
in Flarmatams, 49. Hold hot with Pepper, O. j;i^. fee Anchoring',
Bark-Logs, Boats, Cables. Canoa's, Careening, Marts, Oikm,
Oars. Outlagers, Paddles, Pitch, Pumps, Rudder, Sails, Tar, Wdi'
b)at.

Shirts, none worn, S. 43. fee Cloaths.

Shoes, none worn, O. 316. 408. 45-6, S.43. 129. like Slippers,
and {mall ones of Chme/e Women, O. 40S. ke Feet.

Shooting of Birds, newly learnt, where, S. 26. Shooting
matches, lolcmn, 72. Shot, a Commodity, C. 41.

Shoals and fhnllow Places, Bars, Flats, aye. where, O. 7f,8. 119,
133,6. 144,7,9. '^+- '93- *'i- ^41- '5'3-(a fign of Land near,!
283. 297. 303. 378. (very dangerous, 382,9. 425-.447, 8. 45-0,8,9.
460,1. (ill-piac'd in Charts,) 462. S. f . 9. 10,1,2. lof. 15-6,9.
J 70, 1. C. 28,9. 3;-. 123. uiiially near low Land, O. 422, 3,4,5'.
difcovcr'd by Change of Colour in the Water, 80. Beacons fct on
them, 45-0. proper to filh on, 297. fee Fifhing Banks. See Ancho-
rings.

Shrimps, and Trade of them, S. 17,8. 128. C. 127, 8.

Slirubs, lee Buflics, Fruits, Trees.

Siam hay, J, Iflcs and Fiftermen there, O. 398,9, 400.1. 41)'.
Winis, W!2i. Courfe, 23. 399. Weather, 82. Aguala Wood, S. 8.
Kingdom of 6n»w, their Trade at Tonquin, 10. 16. atAchin, O.5-04,
War vviih theEnglt/Jh Bells bought for the King, and En^lip in his
icrvice, /^. S. loi, 2, 3, 5-, to 9. Mallacred at Merga, ij-i. Revoiu*
tion, and Englijh from i>iam City, 15-2, 3. Women Proftitutcs, 0,
39^. Achars, 391.
' ::to!jcl de Wunb, Sc/jM cle W^erdts^ Ifles, d. O. 80, r.

Sick Men nticfli'd with Herbs and Fruits, O. 9?.. 5-26. 5-42.5.2;
fee Difciles, Cures. Sick Place, 1 80. O. ^24, f. ice Air bad.

Sight, good, O.S. bad, 464,5". lee Eyes.

Si^ns ol Winds, Weather, (s^c. lee Clouds, Fogs, Land, Skr,
Storms, San.

Silks. aComir.odity, where, O. 137. 14^. 379. S. if. (and raw
Silkjj 61. C. 120. for fuwinjj, 119. Silk-worms, and Silks miiie,
where, O. 409. S. 21, 2,f.i/. 6!.v/orn, 42. (prclcnted,) joC. 129.
O. 419. Chvia Silk, 353, 409 S. 15-. Silk Countries poor, 39. ^lik
Paper, 61. Siik-Grais Aprons, W. 1 10.

8iUiif)ar,0.i!{.o\. S, 179, 180. its Pepper, 182.

Silver Mines, where, O. 260,1.9. European Prifor.crs nor lent
thither, C. 5-4. out of a Wreck, O, 148. imported, S. 61;/. B^t-

is, I'ogs, Laud, Sk)-,

General INDEX.

ions, xo8. Rings, aCommodity, C. 119. fee Pieces of Ej£;ht, Plate
Fleet. Quicklilvei, fee Quick.
Silvcfter, Tree, Fruit, Dye, </. O. ii+. zif, 9.
Sincapore Streigbts, S. 4. 109.

Singing, Songs, what and whcrCjO.ii;. 337. 342. 4^-9. j-^i.
Sif*l Look out, d.C. 14.
Sitting Crofs-legg'd, where us'd, O. 329.
Situation pleai'ant.^c. O. a 18. fee Air, Profpeft.
Skins worn, loufy,0.5'39. ^40. for Inftrument- Cafes, C. 7;. ea-
ten, 0. 419, 430. fee AfTes, Goats, Manatee, Seals, Leather.
Sky clear, when, W. 4. 4^. black, 66. fee Clouds, Weather.
Slaves working, where, 0, 166^ 9. f 34. fee Negroes, made Slaves,
184.45-6. 5-10,1,$", 6. S. 7,8. (by Parents and Husbands,) 37,8.
(fee Children, Wives, the ufual Punifliment, where,^ S3. 130. fla-
vifli State, 132,4,5-. «/. 141, n..
Slippers, Sandals, worn, O. 408. S. 129.
Sloth, Beaft, where, C f^.d.6\.
Small-Pox. where, O. 334.

Smiths, (Black, Gold,) zsrc d.O. 351,*. S. 60. 130,1,5,181.
Smoaks and Fires feen, O. 82. 4f9. a fignal, 25-2.
Snakes and Serpents, what and where, 0. 103, 172. 212.320,1.
("in Houfes, ©"i^. j 373. S. 25-. (an AntidoteJ 5-3, 4. 127. C. 5-0. 6t.
('yellov/, green, dun,) d. 62, 3.
Snapper, Fi(h, d. and where, O. 91. C . 12. 109.
Snook, Fifli, d. and where, O. 243. C. 12. 71. 124.
Soap. aCommodity, where, O. 142, 3. 214.
Soil, what and where, O. 1 1,5-, 8. 21,9. 44. 5*9. 70,4,5. 95',7.
101,9. n2. 122. i32,4,5-,9. 140,3. 104. 172,5-. I S7. 196.202.
218; 112,5-. 240.15-0, 3,5-, 5. 261. 275-. 291. 7. 309,310.533.
35-1. 380,4. 390.406. 4i5',5.447. 45-7. 463. 4>5, 8. 5-32. S. 14,9.
20,1,2,5-. (Variety of it,) 123, 4. 171,4. 181. C. 1 1. 23. 5-6,8.
94, f. 102. 111,3,9. 122, 3. W. 109. fee Savannahs, Rocks, Sands.
Trees, Rice.

Soldiers, what and where, S. 5o. Exercife?, 69, 72. rowing, 75",7.
Arms, 70, 1,6. Trial by eating, and howrais'd, i6. Fightsand Expe-
ditions, 70,4. Watch, 77,8.hir'd, 108. fee Guards, Arms, Fight-
ing.

Soldier, '[nCeS:,d. eateo, but fometimes poifonous, O. 39.
Sologues of Mindanao, d.O. 325*. Proes and Trade, 379.
Soundings, O. 132, 3. fee Anchorings.
La Sounds Key in thcSamballo's, O. 22, 3,6.
South Keys r r Iflands, lee of Cui/a.

South Sea, bold Shore, and great deep Seas, O, 423. 34. no
Manatee,/^, nor Hawks-bill Turtle, lof. its PcarlOyfters, 173,
Jewfifh, 24J. Red-wood, C. f8. fee Blood-wood. Ant-Bears, 61.
bakam, O. 295*. fee Bark- Logs, Cat-Fifti. Far in it no Rocks,
Fid), or Fowl, where, 282. Courfe a-crofs it, It^e Courfs. Breadth,

under-

'■■■?;

■■■■' J

General I N 7) E X.

undcr-rcckonM, O. 288. 290. Winds, W. 3. 10,1. 24,. 40. UV.
ther, 7y.9' Ti.les, 93, j-.rt. Currents, loj.'S. what Part fire frnm
Srorms and R.iin, Ice Paci/ick Sea. Rcrtcr Lin:iing about /Vr.'< rhit-,
Mexico, Ifc Lmiling bid. See Wentlier, Winds, Bark Logs, C/.///,
P«r«. r <«/<;«« Biv. Mexicoy Californi.%. Commerce with the^r/^/i-
ttck by the Cape R. O. 129. by the Iflhmits^ Ico IpJinns.

Svtith}^ v^torms, where, O. W. J, 6f to 8.

.Soy, whciice,and how made, S. 28.

Spain, Prefage of the Stirs in AmertcA, O. 180, 1 . Cargo thence,
C. I If. fi'c

Span'tArds, Particulars relatinp; to them in Amp,ica,0.i. ^.4. ri.
12,15,4,8. 27,8. ^0,3, 8. 41 tod. ^6 to 60,3,8,75-. 83,4,8. 91,
4,6, 7,8. 100, 2. 113 to 7. 120,2, to8. 131,4,5-, 6, 9, 140,^,4,
7,8,9. 15-2, 3, 5-, to 8. i63,<5, to » 73, 5", 7, to 182, 4. to 209. 211,
3, 4, 7, to 221, 3,5-, to 2 35-,9,to26i,4, 10273,5-, 7, 9. 280,2,;
S. 1 17.C. 13,9. 20. 34, 5-. 42 to 7- f'l 1. 3, 4- 73- 90. 5*, to 8
109, to 116. 120, to 7, 9. 130, 1. (their failing,) W. 40. 1 05-. (bad
Seamen,) 33.62,3. (O. 190,1.} at GuamyO. 290,1, 300, (yc. at
the rhilippmes, 528.331,3,4. 377,9. 382,3.4, 7,8. 5-i5',6. Traie,
CX-c. 184,5-. 243 to 6. ;;33,4. C.42,3. 90. 1 10, r. 120 to 7. 151.
il'C Arma'ln, Acapulco Ship, Barlavcnta Fleet, Flotit, Limn Fleet,
Carriers, Commodities, Trade, Fighting, Intelhgencc, ^e. Strata-
f;cms,0. 99. 114, 7. 120,1. i35-,6. 144,7. «88, 9. 208,9. Ji^.T.
8. 24^. 25-9. 26f. 382. Government, Policy, Severity, g^c. 45,4
C. ly, 31. 44. f4. 94, 5", 6. 109. 112,5,4, 6. 272,3.0.43, 4. 55 r,
3f9.;72, 3.Superftition,42.Gaming, 410. Honour, 221, 3. C. 9^.
Buildings, fee Churches, Houfes, Parades, Ship-Pumps, «/. O. 44;,
4. Husbandry, 235-. 3 13. C. 98. Sj>mijl) ijpokcn, 0. 33 i, 349. jj-f,
5"if, 6.

New Spain. Ccftft and Places of it, J. C. 123, &c.

Spantflf Makrii, where, C.71, J. 72.

Spears us'd, what and where, S. 72.

Spice, a Commodity, S. 65-. O. 24f . ingrofs'd ^nd fuppreCsd,
516,7. 3fo, 366. fee Dutch. Whereto be had, ib. 317. 3fo,i,;.
fee Cinnnmon, Cloves, Clove-Bark, Ginger ^ Nutmegs, Pepper. Spic'd
Vv'atcr, 35-9. fee the

Spies- III -inus, Malayan learnt there, O. 395-. Libby-Trcc andSa^o,
3\i. anointing us'd, f 37. Trade monopoli//d, S. 1 17. 166. kc
Spice Dutch. Sec Anjbom a. Banda, Ceylon^ Cuolo, Meangis, iiHin*-
ira, Ternate, lulore. See Prince.

.Spiders hrge, and Ufe of their Teeth or Horns, C.64. .

Spittle provok'dhy Bctle, O. 3:9.

Spoons ot Coco-Nut, O. 294. none ufed, 329. 430.

Sports at Tonquin, S. f 3. ot others, fee Dancing, Gaming.

Spouts, ii. (tollow a Calm,) and where, O. 45-1, 2, 3.

Spumi, a white tVothing Cacao, d. and where, C. iH.

SiiuaHics, Bealls, d. and where, C. 5-9. 96.
* Squirre!>,

8o, I . Cargo thence,

General / N T> E X.

fiquirrcls, where, S. 117. eaten, 12S.

Sur- Apple, J. and where, O. 204.

State of Eajl Indian Fiinccs, O. 33>-.S. 142, 3. fee Piinccs.

Statesl. d. O. 82. 424.

Stature of People, low, O. qpf. 416. 45-4. \V. 108 moan, O.
51, 2. 170. 32r. 5-37. S. 40. C. iif. tall, O. 7. 40O. 464.47^. '

Stealing with the Toes, S, 138. fee Thieves.

Steel, what Coals IcQ to harden ir, C. 5-0,7.

Sticks burnt on Altars, O. 412. Chop-HicUs, </. S. 84.

Stinp Rr.ys, Tifli, fee Rays.

Stork?;, an iiiual Punifljiient, where, S, 77,

Stock-fifli Wood, d. where, and Price, C. f7,S.

Stockings, a Commodity, C, 1:0. O. 157. none worn, 326.40"^.
4f6. S. 43. 129. fee Legs, niked.

Stomach, what good tor ir, O. 319.

Stone, friable, O. 140. fcarce, ib. none, C. iii. fee Rocks, Soil,
Stone Hatchets, fee Hatchets.

Storms, what, and where uflial, or met by the Author, ^c. and
their Preiagcs, 0.70, 83,4. 401. 413, 4. j-, 6. 437,8,9. 49y,e'f.
5-04. S. 3f 6. C. 91,2;. 3. 128, d. \V. 2. 19. )i) to 64, 75-. inoH: at
the N. and F. Moon, 0,416. fee Moon. Turning then dmgerous,
414. how efttdled, W. 64. fee Clouds, Corpus Sant, Elepi^a/.t.iy
Hurricanes, Monfoons, flormy Noi thr, Souths, Spouts, Tornadoes,
TulToons. None, where, O.94. fee PscilickSea^

Strangers, Carriage towaids them, O. 327, 8. S.fo, r. 34, f. feo
Entertainments, Comrades, and Pagnllies, Manners, (good, holpitnbie,
O'C.) Women Proftitutes.

Straw- Hats worn at Tonqu'm, S.43.

Streets, what and where, O. 387. macccnibIe,42S. iIlpav'd,S. 47.
guarded, 77 . hot Tea fold there, 3 1 .

Strumftrum, a Mufical Inflrumcnt, d. O. 127.

Subtle- Jacks, and their Nells, d. and where, C. 65-, So.

Sucking-fifli.or Rc?noriK, d. and where, 0.64,5-. W. 5-4. us'd for
catching Turtle, no.

Sugar, where a Commodity, 0.4-7. 142, 3.
15-1. C. 18. Canes growing, and Wc rks, O.
218. 223. 409. 429. C. f. hinder 'J by Sa

196. 214. 26'9. S.

46. 78. 143. 109.

arth, 8. Suion, VV,

to, I.

Sulphur imported, S. 6^. (us'd, CS .) fmell, O 1 3 1 .

Sumatra T. Coarts. O. 425-. 472, 3, y. calKd Sheha m an (ud
Map, S. 143. Anointingus'd there, f^r.^A/^'^J'^^ ipoken 394. L;«zes
W. 39 Commodiries nnd TraJc O.401..' . f. 1 ic, i.(monopjIizM)
I 16. 7 (f^e Dutch,) I Si. Ice Pepper. Sci' Arhln, ?. Ani^B.t'Kiih:,
fUKcouii, Di^tmrJ Point, R. DiJly, GoJdm M. WGomez, Ho^\ In-
drapore, VAUmham, r.v^^nam, Vaff.mge-Jimra, P. Iknndo, 6iIM^v;
'Jn;t 1. P. Veirro, P. H'^*)', Mdacd, and iuruU .Streighu.

1 Summ^'

vtl

■j'fi

Gcf/cral J IV 'D E X,

Suvun.tfihti R. and T. <l. C. 5-1. 102. 131. S$iinma(eut.'t W; ci*
r.ict/.c, 9^. «/. W.45, .^.

Sur, III u'lut Si|^;is. vvint Wrathcr W. 4. 6. 11,1. ofcnclriudd
about Nc'on, 0.49+. /M/flrouiui it [rcliig s Storms 49f. let Cloudy
Sky. Tr^. Am^litiu'c i'.vlW hy, fji. cxpniiini; tu ir, a Punifl»nicnt,
^j-y.S. 79. Ice Dcclini'ion, I..irrucie I'v O i.

Suuiii Strc'ij',!)";. imuh i;s\i, O. J94. ("ounicr-Wimi":, jf 1.

Sijfcidi'.on, (). 9. 41. 117. 41/. 5-4<. W. 5 1, i. 104. (J. 91. fee
Idolatry, AUloffK t.vufrn

6V/r.?«;j/;;, Sc.irons ihctc, W. 5^i. Currents, lof. low I.,and ar. 1
Miiistce, O. ;;. 4!)*.

Surat Mcrclnnts ,!'• Adm, S. 14^. 5//^.t/ CiianncI iii.

»Svvampy '.nil flofnloi WaHTs vvhy unwhoKomc, () ^14.

Capr. 6iP.!;;. P-iituxlirr, cor.c^'inin^ Iiim, O. 137 278. ib'o, i,;,
7, 4. 502, ^y- ^4r, 1,2 8,9, 5fo, ^,fo7. 362. 4, 6 to 374. hii
Murd'-r, 44f C-i. Sliip, the C\t;«(7, 5-06, 7. fio, i.

Swcarinr, Miniur of it, vvlxrc S. 8^.

Swc:itin}: in hot Sands, Cure of a Dropfy, O. 276.

Swin'.mif :: of one rnly in a h'rig!it. O. 402.

Swiiv's rk-fli -ihlioii'd, fee Hogs, Mahometans.

Swinr^s a*" 'J'n>:nri'n, J. S. f^.

Swivels us'd for Gun?, v/hc c, O. 400. S. 7:;.

S\v'ord5, wh^t-, srd wlicie ufi-d, O. 337. (wooden,) 466, 9,;'. S.
70,6. ('{\a I IwordsJ 184. Ice Crcncrs Curtana's.

.Sword-fifli, J. r;nd wlierc, C. 25-. 3f.

Tt4t'>':;o I. and V. by Vmamtt. cl O. 187, S.
'L'.ii.i^o 1. ot the (..aiiifies, waflcd, O. 48)". C. f. </. W,

J^u.tco R. and I. C. 10. </. 131, 7. S. 117, S. 121. W. 63.

7:iZ'/r Mo:iKt, at the C:. G'. hP}e, a. O. f3i.

Tacit ilpcU- Surra, tl. C. ill.

Th/i ot (.'ows rii.ie, worn and rrimm'd, \V. 1 1 1. of Cocks, ii'.

7 .•'", a >L:in, wl-.at am) where, S. 61. 132.

Tallow, a Con-,mcdity> O. 15-2. C. no. Tallow Caps, </. W.
1 1 1.

Taniarii'di, their Benefit with Rice, O. j-2<S.

Ta7:<^o!.i \.J. O. 252.

Tani.'inr, ^ec Bark, Leather.

Tar, where found, or made, and how crdcr'd, (^Ah^atrane)
21?. (Tartrcc, d.) 390, i. (a Commodity,.) 4, f, 7, 8. S. 8.

Tai|"rm, lifli.f/. and where. C. 12,3.71.

Tartars, Trade, inilaving rhc Chn.eft, Habit, </. &c. O. 406, 7.
417,9.421 S. I f . 4. 107. lee C^/«^.

'iaiuiios, Cakes, d. and where, C. 43. 113.

Of. low Land ar.

(I. Sec. O. 406, 7.

Ccm'^l 1 N T> E X.

Tn, Chm, wficiuc, and vvlicrc, O. 409. S. 3 i. 41. /;.

Tfil, vvlicic, .'i.zo. VV. 109.

3>jf« mtiiprqtu' ( reeoiU>iel>f{]ne,) R. and T. ri. 0. 1 ? 1 . C. * r. 1.

Trvth, wl.trc vlili', S. 1 1 f, VV. 1 1 1. <.'. 197. ^(jf. 42 ; . .
yet iJ'Un.l jif by cl.cwinj^ I'.cr.'c, ^19.^. iiS. U-ukeri'iJ vviti, i
l)vc, h)r I'.Ciury, 41,1. I'ickcrs tor tixin or Spidc'i's Teeth, C.63.
Eicp'nnrs Tcrrh, p'oti^y. W.i n. Iw F.lephants.

Idol 'IVinpis, i^rt.o.M'c, wlific and whit, O. yj^. 411, z, S.
5-6,7 ifi, M I'O'fjet.n, i'i:cShAl]ac. CV;r/;//4^/, ice Churcli.

lenc'jnt, J ■' i 60, 9.

Tenerijfe, n'lt (t) Iiij^Ii .13 V<<>^//<1 \UrtljA. (). 4a. Ice Andei.

Tcnpoundcis, l^illi, </, ai'l wlicie, C.yt.S. ii8.

Lacuna Itrriiiht*, or of Tii't's CI. fi, 1.94 V^- . 92.

Ttri.,tte I, us l'int!ui!t nini 'I'lade, (J ^1 1 . ^^^ ; 44.7.11^ 6'/);fe I.

T<rcK(a'f, hot Winds,*/ 47, y. Cold oiics.lcj tiArnauaiti.
r- Tejir-oe Ilk and Cunenrs, J VV. 102.

Thi'chincr ot Ilouf(-i, u. 2f4. C". 79. 117. W. no, S. 4f. mo-
vable, in Pants, 46. Jcc Palm, Palmcto, IlooFs.

Thieves where, ;md whit, S. irS, 9. O. 318.5-28,9. and how

piJiiilli'd, 35*6, 7. 432. S. So, I. 13^,9. 140. \6f,
Thifllcs f^rcat, when", (>. 133.

.SV. I'homnj, a Dani(]> 1. 0.4)-, 6. St.'ih. under the Line, W. fi'
Tlion]k».s and Tholes for lioats, of Maiia le Hide, O. 3f.
Thread, of" what,0.37. 294,^.3 if. aCommoditvwhtic,C. ''5*
Thumb Nail, (rhc lctt,j kipt long, wh:?!e, O. 326.
Thunder and Lightning, wh-re, U. \6. 79. (fulphurfous

Smell,) 131. 199. 22f. 322. 414. t\f(j. S. i)-^. 177. W.f 2. 83. ice

Lighmint^, TornaJoc'5.

C. libwon of iilfpaniola, Oianp;cs, C. 6, 7. Currents, VV. loi.
Tide, what and wiiere, tl. W. 90 to 100. W. 44. fo, 1, 3. 06.

«3'-H9-

If I. 173,4. 194,

i 00,

70. (.). f . 40. 8. fo 82. 108 1 19.

238, 9. 378, 9. 3S2. 401. 436. 447. 460, 9. S. 10, 3)2,4,6.

if6 9 170. C, fo, I. 108. I'ec Currents, Ebb, Moon.

y. lutwe L Produdt and Trade, O. 3 i .'. 333 . 447. iee ^^tce \.

Topers, vvhe.e, W. i 9.

Tyii;re-Cits, d and where, \V. 109.

Tiiia Tnna-fi, d. S. f. 109.

Timber, a Commodity. O f)6. 138. 140. 169. 170. v/'iit ufeJ,
and far what, 166, 7. 360. I'.c MaRs, Trees.

Time, how kept, S.7f,6. 0. 358. ice Day. Tit;ie of the Year,
fee J ea(t, Ilarvfft, Moon, /i/i//;</.T.'/j, Sealbn Year.

T/wor L high Coafl, 0.42f. </. and Iilesand Shoals near it, and
Ti'-idc. 4f9. 460. Tree with Srrings, :6. 29f.

Tin, Cifli oi it, S, 131, 2. lecTutan;g.

Tire, thick four Milk eaten, where, S. 14S.

I t I'lffO,

*)'■

■ Vf :«

.<i )

i*-

General I N ^D EX.

•r'if\o in N. iY»»'"' «/. C. n;.
Ti'ads, wlicff, S. If.

Tolncco us'il, ami cntcrtaininp; with tr, O. ^i8. ^^''-Ki'-P If/.
ttCommndi'y, 4)*. ?;;. f+o. ^lovvinj^, Verma, 0^. Muiliit aiM
i\i;«./;WiM«, ^04. r/. aiul whence, 333,4.

li;»/4|0, Tcoi%ii-o, {{'C Tab.

Toddy .uul ToJiiv Arrack, r/. autl wli'TC, O. 193, 4. 480, 6, S*.

To/«<irj l\. an I Vill.ipp, (>. K'tp. 170.

lompcqite, I/igiuicanJ Vin.ip;tr, (.'.43.^,1x7.

'Tonlelo R . C. 1 20. </. 1 1 1 . I 3 I .

Tchqtii:!, 'I'.tt.kii.jy Sr.iqc tlath'-r, O. 394. H. of 7lv;,j. S. 6.7,./,

p. 9, 104, f. Illci in ir 9, 10. Tuics, \V. 97. ToHquiu I\.in^;doni,

its Rife, S.66, 7. Bound.', S. 18. and Provinces, 16../. ao, i,j. iw

N^et/j, Tenan, Te:c/jj.i. Towns, how Iciti'd, 44, j-. fcc C.iWa«c,

Djf/ie.i, H.it'nii, Rivcf!, 19. xo. c'lict R. ke its liranclics, Doitnw,

Koki.o. CounTv, Soil, I'rolpcdtj, Mountaiii<:, Plains, (^.c. 1 1, 4, 9,

ao, », z. 37,8. 9. 44, f. 90. 100, f. Wcatlicr, Moods, SiMloii;,,i;d

HurvtO, 3 z, 9. 49. ,-0, f. 73. 149. W. 23. 7f. 83. V;gciabb, C.

jS. S. 14. ir i/. 11. to f. 4f . 61, z, 3.4. 90, 2. Aninii ;, zi.i../

2)*, 6, 7. 30, 1 . 47. )")". (i(j. 73. ^9. 92. Coninioditics, 21,2,4,5-.

;?S, 6i, 2, 3, (imported) 4. f . 87, 9. 101. M.inuta(Jturcs, 24, y, y,

39.</. 60. to ;. Art and Contrivanct-s 26, 7, 8.4f,6, 7,9. 5-9,

^T, I, 2, :^. 7 ,, I, ^, ro 7. 82. 90, 6, 7, S, 9. People nuincrouj

.ind poor, 14. 2f. 37. to 42.5-0, 1. 64. f. 96, 9. thcirManncr.'; .ini

Q..:a!ificaticns, 12, 4. 41, 2. fo, i, 3, f . <5f, 8. 71, 8. b'l to f .

90, 2 9. 100. Laramgf.', Wririnp; and Learning, 23. d. 5-9. rto, 7.

8j. Duildingi and l-uinirure, Garden?, ^-c. 43 to 9,5-2,6, 7.90, ».

4, Cloarhf, K:iftiicnr, 41, 2, 3. 72. Cuftonis. 12. 3,4. 37.41,2,
f, 6, 7. 5-0 to 9, 71, 2, 4, 7 to 8f. 90, I, 2. 100. O. 37f. Mar-
i:cts, Focd, Cookery, 1>m, rntcitnijiiiKnt.s 409. S.28. 30, i.f;,
4> f 9^' I. 2, 3. 100. I'cdls, I^digion, and Worfliip, C). ;9'>, 7,

5. 5-3, f :o 9. 67 91,2, 5-, 6.7. Tiadc, 13. f, 20.37.41, 2.5-0, i.
^o. I, 5,4, 5-. 86, 7. icii,2, 3. Corn, 60. 72. 82, 8. Siu-piu,-;
and Gcnr^. 14, 6. d. 7410 7. Government, Julliro, Puninimcius
'3» >"• 6. 42. 74./ 77 to o^, 5-, 8,9. The two Kings, nn 1 rhcir
Pnaces, 47, 8. 66, 7, 8 lee ii^«*i. The Choiia, or govcminf; K. In?
Stare, c^. 42 5-8. 81, 2, 3. Iiis Rjie, Chnnrter.'and I'amily, 66,
7.8,9. Kxa-fiions 6^. 'of. 9. Wealth, Stabies ArtillcTy, Gun^Js,
Ca'iies, 6(j to 77. War?, 21. 67. 72,6. OtTu.irs, (tc Kunuc'i?,
Mmdar-.tis. Foreifm Merchants, Fadlories, and Miiricniiic-, i: 'o

5". 4S. 9. 93 'o 'o;-
Toona, Cochinccl tree, fo railed, O. 229. fee Coc hinccL
Turclies c.irrivd ir, a PLa- ! en Proccflion, O.397.
Tornadoes , d. .ii'.d where, C). 31.44. 79. 120. 131. 21 1, (5, ;'

22>-. 247. 3:2. 4rr, I, ;,8.S. i)-f. C. 21. ff. W. 6. 7. 8. 9

8. if. 2, 3, f, 6. :^r), 4r. 5-1,2. 79.80, i, 3,4, 6,7,8. fee C

L![;hiniiigV, arJ Tiiundcr.

,.1,11"!:

Tomato^

Gcnmil I N1^ E X.

193, 4' 43o,6,S'.

Tornnto, TimluT, nmi Flnins there. O. j^o.

lortoifey l.aud, and its Kinds, (Hvintie, Ti'rapen)J.:iiyA wl.crc, O.
lor, X. C. ji. f9. lof. 8. Torioilc flicll Hci-ds </. O. 51. vvliit
bclh 10;, f. Oil of rlicm, citni, 106. iio, kc runic.

Slit Tortug^% I. </. O, ff. 6, 7. Fr*wf/y '/"dr/, li<r f?/;t u'«flirc.

Tower, I'uncral, J. S.fi.Qi, i. Watch, lir Look. our.

Towns, Spanifl) in j-lmenca, how built, liro Pnrndcs. Churrl-c.,
O. 119. on Precipices, 418, 9. AUiluyuh, ^:c. lie I Ionics on Polh.
Tonciuiiidb in Groves with Hanks and Hitclics, S. i|, 41., j-. Ice
Mole, Streets. Sec Korts, Harbour';, ProlpciJl ple:dant.

Toys, a (Commodity, where, C. 1 19. lee Iron, and

Tiade, v/hat and wlicre, O. ii, 7. 43 to 8. f6j 9.61. 1 if. if t.
179. 188.117, 8. 244, f, 6. 261. 277. 307, S. 351,;, 4. i;8j, ■.
t09' 40°' '1 7- 4»7. 8. 411. 431, 4, ,-, 7, 9. 447.45-6. 460. f ^7.

.S. f. 9. 13, f. 20,2, 4, f
loi, 2, 3, f. 110, I, 3. f

37. 41, 2. fo, I. 60, I
117, n o t(> 7,

,?.4. f 86, 7.
142, f,6, 8. ifo to 4.

S. 161 to 7, 9. 173, 4, 8. 18:, 3. C. 10, I, 8. 40, a, 6, 7.8. f'J.
83, 9. 92. 8. I n>. 1,9. 110, 1,4 to 7. 131. W. 73,4. 108, 9. to
be elUbliflied, O. 64.. Z3f . 272, 3. 3 16, 7. 331. 349. ^fo. 3S3.
394. 439. 477. 480. I. ^. 3. f. 7. loi, ^ f. 1S2, 5, C. 131. VV.
108, 9. reftrain'd, where and how, 0. 18S. 507, 8. S. i ly, 7, 8.
164, f, 6, 7. 173, 4. 183, 4 Trade civiiiz-s People, C). 325-. 4^4.
S. 113, J", 6. brings OpprelVion, ti>. but thrives by Liberty and Ho-
nefty, 116, 7, 161,2. Langungc us'd I'or it, {cc Malayan. See Com-
modities, Manufaiftures, Money, Shipping, 0'(^'

Trades and Employments, what and where, O. 351, 2. 395*,
409. S. 130, 1, f, 6. 181.

Trade-wind, True or General, Coafting, Shifting, Monfoons, fee
among Winds.

Train Oil of Seals, Turtle, Porpuflcs, fee OiJ.
"yan^ambar, Danes and Moors, O. f 06, 7. S. if4,7, S.
Travelling by Land, bad, where, O. 14, )-,6, 7,9. 20, 3,7. 23f.
of Fifh and Fowl 393. fee Turtle.

Treachery, O. 7f. C. 6. S. 173. fee Manners bad, R. Laitf.
Treats, lee Entertainments.

Trees, Shrubs, O'c. wliat and where, O. 11, 8, lor. no; 2.
12 1. 132, f. ifo, I. 161, 3,4. 171. f, 7. 188. 194, 6. 212.232,
3, f. 247. Iff, 8. 309. 310, 5S0, 1. 390, 7. 406. 416. 426,4.}.3,
8.46^472, 3, f, 8. /32. S. f. 14. 24.64.113. 125,4. 181. C.
32. 45. 5-f. 8,9. 94. 102,7,8, 9. 120,1,3. W.93, f. io9.tornup
bya Storm, 67 O. 322. floatinginthe Sea, 2 3o.Timhcr.trees,tit for
Shipping, Malls, Yards, Canoas, &c. 29. 87. loi. 122. 131. 169.
191, f. 204. 213. ;(94. S.24. 64. 113- 113. 4- '^'- ^'- ^^'9H^
102. W. 9f. 109. lee Plank, Malls, Yard. Sec ot Ufc for Cloth,
Cordage, Gun-fticks, Lances, Oars. Tree with Strings, O. 295-.
460. a very great one, ^/ 449. 45-0. Trees for Dyino;, lie Dyes.
Fruit-trees, fee Fruit. Spicc-tiecs,Iec Spice. See Aguala, Aloes, Be-

tle,

I h;

General I N "D EX.

lie, CabKipjctrce, Cedar, Corroii-rrcc, Cotton-l-iulli, Drapon,' >[;■
La;:k., Lancc-vvood, l.ibby, Palm, lulm.i ^.UrU, Palii.cu), 'ponf'
Silvcflcr, Tar- tree, Toontt or Cochincei-tiee, Turpentine. Sec Bullie/
Grove?, Woods,

TnH'i^les, 1 lies in the G. oi' Mexico, C, 28.4)-.

Triiiihiii I. C. 126. Currents, W. 101 104. Turtli*, O. 104.

Trid I. Harbour and Lagunc in Campeacly,C. 1 3. </. 17, 9. 20,1.
4T, 7 tO)-3,(J. Si. 92, 3,4. 122, S. 130. W. 34, y, 9. 40. 4. 6-]
Tides, 91,2.

Tn/i. I. by Su.yjutra, low, ^. and its Coco-Nuts, (^c. d. O. 474,

Tropicki, greater Heat there than at the Line, S. 32. why, 33. and
Genera] Trade V/ ftrongor, \V. f. fee Zone,

Tro'fMck bird, </. and where, O.^-^.

Trunks to inoot Arro.vs with, O. 41, for Bee-hives, ./. C. iij.
Elep.'iaiits-tiunk?, accounted a choice OiHi, S.31.

'Iri{;:t//o, a rich T. <). ijS. {(.cGuumhaquo, MuUbrigo.

TuHojn- (Typ'^one') J. and wiiere, S. 3)', 6. W. 60. 7 i, 2,5*,

Tunqiiin, luukio, Ice lonc^uin.

Turl)aiis, where worn, u. O. 326.4f6.S. 129.

Turky, Adc- Skins h.iw ^i-.iin'd there, C. 73.

Turkeys, where. 0. 5*46 C.6f. 8f. 1 14.

Turmcric'.v, u--'d o coloui rood, where, S. 129.

Turpentine, and Pitch made ot it, where, S. 62, 3.

Turtle, Sea-Tortoile, wiiat and wheie, O. i. 9. 38, 9. ^6, 7. S'.
7f. J. lu; to I 10. 133. 146. i)-9. 160, 181, 2. 2 1)-. 276. 311.
?7^' 593' 7- 4+9- 4/3- (very largcJ4. 463, y.S. 5-. 6. 27. 181. C.
10, 30, I. 7^. W. 4, f. 36. 1 10. live loiigjC). 108. how and vvJr.n
they Coot, or coup'e. /<?. 100. W. 4. y. how they Travel and Liy,
and w'.cre, O. 75" (ind their -g^sj d. 104. to 8. 215-. (coniirmaj
393. C. 17, 3:), i.\V.4. f.th.-ir Kood (Sea-Mofs, Turtlegrafsj 103,
4. ./. 106, n.jiie at their Laying places, 393. often riie to breath, //^
108. and bio V liard, 4)~4. how llruck or taken, 3f. ("and Turtle-
Irons or Pegrj </. 37. 10,-, 8, 9. lee Moshito Men, where lliy, 449.
4,-3.463. t-eir Sight better than Hearing, and bed ftuick in the
N'g';i,xA Turtle-Nets, what and where, 395-.. Sucking-tilh Oi:k-
jng [o Turtle, 67. and us'd tor taking them, W. iio. Weirs to
keep ihem,0. 106. C);i ot Sea-Turrle. tb. S. 6. Kinds ot" Turtle,
Triihk T-jrtle, iL O. 103. Loggerhead X, d. ib, and where, C. 10.
H-i-xki-bUT .{h^^ Torto.fe flielUF.cfli ot fome unwholefoine.thcir
Fed, cjr-c) -1. aid where, O. loj. 4, f. C. 73. Green T. (largcll,
belt nieai thm flicll for in laying, cat Turtle giafs, ^c) wiiCiC
38. ( ;e!l of all the !4^ iJin^ fS. 103 107. (one very hrge, iO)-,6)
37R. 1,93. S. f. C. iSi. BalbrJ lort ot Green T. //. and when-,
O. 106. 160. and a finail foit, 107. 133. 234. Land Turtle, ice

Turt'e-

I' 'I'
1i .}■

m '^

General I N 7) E X.

Turtle Dovcg, where, O. 39. J. 105 177. ijC. ^ij, 392. S'.
56, 128. C. 6/. (white, (Inn, q^rcHml,) il. 66.
T/ttaneg, a luit of Tin, and Trade of it, S. 173,8.

VACCA I. fecAff.
V^iUeras, (^BaUeraj,) d, O. ifS.p. 161.177.
VallenfuelU, VeneznelLi,) Lagune, d.. O. 63.
Valleys rich, o^c. fee Soil.

Var.atwn of the NeeMe, what and where, \V. Sh^- ^- So, 3.
187,8. Doubling the C. G. Hopehy it, ^31,
Varnifli made of Lack, where, S. 61, z.
Tulo Uhy, ^. and Trade, O 399.400. S. lo^".
Vegetables, fee Buflies, Corn, Drugs, Dyes, fruits, Herbs, Roots,
Trees, Weeds.

C. hc^ Vela, its Trade-winds, W. 17,8. Breezes, 34. Currents*
101,4,5'. Barlave>;ta Fleets coafting it, C. ii6.
C. A'.ta Velf, its Winds, V/. 3f.

Venemous Creatures, fee Cenripees, Galliwafp, (Beaft like a)
Gu.no, Snakes. Fruit, Fins, Bones, ^c. fee Poilbnous.
Ln V'crji Cruz., fee Crux..
C. I'erd. Wilds near it, W. 7. 9. if, (5.
C. Fieri/ Hies, their Product, Porti4£ueze^^c. d. O. 70 to 7,
Tulo V'erero, d. S. if?, 8.
Verir.a, irs excellent Tobacco, O. 63.
Vevminc of Negroes and Indians, how bicd, O. f 38,9,
Vcllels to hod Lic]uids,^c. O, 2. lo, 6. 294. 412.490. C. iif.
fee Bambo's hollow, Baj'kers, Rumkips, Cabinets, Calab.fli Chinam
Box, Cups, E.irtiiern Ware, Jars, Ladles, Spoons. For T-^avigation,
Ice Boars, Canoa's, Shippiiig.

Vice. Smiths, none us'd, where, O, 3^2.
Villages, taxM to provide Soldiers, where, S. 71. how jTcatcd,
builr, C5'^c. fee Towns. Sec

Victualling- houies or Inn.s at r<>w^«/V;, S. 100,
St. Vincent I. of the Cari/>'?e.<, C. f.
St. Vincent I. of the C. Verds, O. 77.
Vines, Vine-yards, where, O. f;!,^. fee Grape- tree, Wine.
Wild Vine, its Leaves good for Ulcers, where, O. 449.
Vinello's, Plant and Cods, curing oi them, and Ule, and where
to be had, O. 38. 124. d. 234, f. C. 123.

Virginia, its Cedars, O. 29. Ship- worms, 363. Coid N. W.
Winds, 5-30. Tides, W. 92.
Lignum Viu, v/here, O. fj.
Uicers. Cure for thens, O. 449.

St. John d'Uihon, Fort, d. C. \i^, fee {La Vera) Cruz'.
Umbrello's, where us'd, O. 407.

General I N T> E X.

Tr/.(icc, a Title (prob.iblyj nt Tiniquin. S. 8i.

Voice, deep in the Throat, where, O, 466, 9.

Volcancs, their Eruptions accompauicd with Storms, O. zjf,
throw out Pumice- Stones, 250. ftc

Volcan I'cjo, d. 118, 9. a 16. Ice Volcanes o( Colima, logo, Gmvi-
mala, Lccu.

Voyages, fee Couvfe. See Dampier^ Drake, {In ^uefne. G/..,;;/,';
noted, S. I if. 2;ri.fr«r<>r's Brothers, fg. Utcnlils, lee Adds, Aiivi;,
Ban-.lioe«:, Barbeui s, l'arkloe;s. Beacons, Bellows, Benches Bob- Brick ,
Broom, Cmes, Chairs, Coals, Cordage, Dice, Flags, Hammoc!.;,
Hives Inflniment-C-.iles, Ladders, Pageants, Palankins, Paper, !'n-
vi'lions Picl<crs, Pi(ft:ures. Planks, Plows, Powder, Pumps, Sen.' %
Thongs, Thrcid, Vices. Sec Boats, Canoa's, Cloarhs, Ulliin;,' i,i
(irumcnts, Iron, T.ackcr Warc,Muiical-lnftiuments, Ornamciusi l\,r
meto Work, Shipping, Weapons.

Vulgar Errors, lee Miftakes.

!«'

■ 7 ,; '

j/l

yjfcr, left among the Iflhmus Indians, O. i^*. and his Rctir
from them naked and painted, 40. his Book referred to :.

IVali.'f^rff, >he Devil fo called by the Moskito Men, O. p.

\\alkir,g Canes, whence, S. 178. 167. fee Canes. Cacao- V.'rll^
C. lit, 2. i/. 119. fee Cacao, (and of Plantains,) Plantains, P;an
tations.

Walls, what and where, O. 1140. 218. 35f 411. C. 45*. iif.
J27.

ALi)2 of IVar, Bird, where, W,66. and d. fee Man.

SibbcCde Wards, (ScUU de Waerdes,) Ifles, d. O. 80, i.

Wares, fee Earthen, Lacker, Manufadlurts.

liluher's cnllng a Breach wiih the Carioie-Indians, C. 6.

Warrce, wild Hog. where, C, 9. ^9, 169. C. fp.pf.

War<; among E. Indians, O. 5?f. 3^7. 444. S. 21. <'>7, 7i> S. i'^>
6,S. i45,4,5-.S. 176. fee Fighting.

Waniinq, for Health, Plealurc, or Religion, wliCrc, O. 51^, 9-
3;o. 7,^^. S. 137. 148. 180.

Watch kept in Streets, d. S. 77, 8. on Coafis, fee LocI;-
outs.

Waier, hefli for Ships, (^c. where, O. 49. fo, 5. loi.iio :o:,

121. 151, 4. 6. 141. 1,-9. 169. 172, 4. 7. 188. 198,9. 204. 212.

^, 8. 2r,2, ;,4. 241, 2,4,9.2^4, 5',8, 268. 274, 7. 347. 379-?^^'
2. 393, 4, 8, 9. 401, 416. 426. 436. 445. 472, 8. 4S2. 490. fzf
S, 4, y. 123, 4. I f 6, 7,8. 164. 17 1. 4. C. 12. 9. 32, J-. 42 .^^
fo, 3. IC9. 118. W. 46. 5-6. 109. where none, 0.49. fo. Si. 9'
141. C. 23, 9. 30. 44,5". fee Rivers, none but by iiigging ^'■■'
in the Sand,'o. 463, 7. (Salt, if Cug deep,} C. fo. i iS.'Brackiili "i

tl:«

th Storm5, O. zij-.
Zolimci, Fpgo, Cmvi-

General I N "D E X.

the drjr Seifon, O. ayS. 277. C. 5-5. how kept then, ri. ^5. jj
J54. where gone then, O. i)^,6. 167. 19S.394. 3. S. 55-. taken up
frefli at Sea, O.42. S. i;'6. to be done cauuoufly 1^7. j^jr (_,{• j^
carried on Bark- Logs, O. 141, 3. a valuable Commodity, 144, f, tlie
common Drink of Imiianiy 451. Prilbncrs coniin'd to ir, .S, 78,
fwampy and flooded Waters unwhoklbme, O. 5-24. turning b,ack
in the. Cask, and heated with the Fumes of Feppcr, j-aj-. 'Aiuiiii-
nous orCoppenib, where, j-;. Watt r breeding; Worms in the Lc.'^s,
f>c. C. 90. and Ship Worms (brarkjlbj O. 36;. Spiced Vv"a-
tcr, 7,ff) Bitter- Waters, Trial by them in Gui,>e(t, S. 83 iee

Waves, rolling one W ay, and Current underneath a coac.avy, V/.
106. (ee Sea.

Bees- Wax, a Commodity, and where, O. "^H-l^G. C. iii.

P;</oW^<iy, O. 499. </. S. 121, 2,3 . Banditti, 138,9.

Weapons, what and where ufed, S. 70 113. 176. W. 108. fee
Arrows, Bows, CrelTets, Curtana's, Guns, Lances, Spears,
Swords.

Wears to keep Turtle, where, O, ro6. to catch Fifli, 46f.

We^rlier, wet, dry, liir, hot, rold, what and where, d. profcf-
fedJy, W. 70 to S8. :;nd 2.4. 6. 7. S. 19. 20, i, 2, 7. 30. 40, 1 ,/,
7, 8, 9. fo, 2, f, S. 66, S. 74. (). 94, f. 186. 311, 2, 3, S. 31 to
6. 148, 9. C. 5-j-, 6. I'catteitd Oblerva'ions or Inflances of it, O.
2.4. iii2, 4, 6. 21, 2, 7. 34. 9. 44. 79. Si. 3. 94, 5", 108. III.
131,2.162.173.207.212,^, 6. 22 f. 23 0,2, j:, 8. 2.;2. 2'ri,5'.26i,
7.274. 201,3 5"- 297- 5=''- 347'. S 3'>o. 378. 389. 399-4'^°> f-
413,5-, 6 42c. 437, b. 45-9. 472^3, f. 493 to 9.^-02, 4. )-29.v,o.
f44. S. 16. 62.90. 109. 177. 180 C. 9 22, 33. 41. 79. 1 29. ikit-
tering \ 'cathei prefacing Stormr, W. 68. O. 413. fee Storms. Moil
iformy at N. and F. Moon, 416. fee Moon. See Rain?, Sealoas,
Winds.'

Wedges, a Commodity, where, C. 4i.'

Weeds none in deep Jieas, O. 393. fee Chick-Wccd Gramadjel
Grafs, Mots, Purfiain, Thirties.

Weights of Arlrn, S. 152.

WciU dug in Un.i, where, 463, 7. Salt, if deep, C. ^-o. iiS.

Well- Boat- J'hfliion'd Jonks, d. O. 412, 3.

The Weft Coaft, tbiT ot i^umatrz fo called, O. 476. its Pepper,
S. 182. lilands lying off it, t^c. fee 'itimatm.

Wrlfeiiy-Wind Scalbn, fee Winds fi)if:ing.

W hear, v/here gro '.'/ing, O. 5-32. hJinn, iee Maize. Sec Flower,
Guinea Com.

WliipRay, Fif!^ two Kinds of it. </. 73 fee Ray.

W!:ireCat.r.o, or Spurra. </. j 11.

White Cock, a i'tc for a ftrange Cure, C. pi.

Vvhice I.iilies, where, C. Sp.

Wif'con,

HW I

' M

1 1

I I

.|:

^^^1 »

'^W 1

■ f'fa

^'i

■■■1

•i,

G(';/^r^/ I Nl) E X,

WifTcon, Birds, wbcrr, S. a^.

Wild BuHi Men, Negroes , d. and where, W. io8.

Winds, variable, fomcwhat without the Tropicks and Polar. \V
13.0.126.0.70.81,2,3. 24f.3<'f. f26, 8. f 30. $-44,. Stared,
in and near the Torrid 7-one; Trade-Winds, d. W. i, 2. 26. 31.
90. 100, 3, 6. True or general at Sea, d. profcfTcdly, z to 11. or.
caiional Obfervations or Inft.mces, 32,4>-. 5*5*, 6. 81. 103, 4. O.j-f,

7. 63. 77,8. 81. 100. r-jf. 181.3, 4, 5", 6. 190, I, 8. 309. 35-1
549. C. 9. 11.41. 116. — Coaftini and Conjiant, d. protclVedly,
W.. 12 to 6. ocoaiionally, if, 8.1-0,8. 78,9. 90.0.2,3, 4, 6. 9^
4. 100. lie, I, 9. 131,1. 3, 9. 142,3, 6. i6i, 7. 172, 4. 201,1
259. 2<57. X74, ■)-. — shifting, d. profefTedly, W. 17 to if. occa-
lionally, if. 72. O. 143. 178. 186. 198, 9. 107.441,5,6. Man-
foeni, and their Benefit, ^c, d. W. 21 to f. 107. (ftormy A/aw*
}co;;j, d. 72 to f . O. 311. 402, 4. 494 to 9. fee Storms,) N. E,
i\;t>«/(J«», 0.303.^/. 321, 3. 370, 8,9.381,3, 9.399-457. 481, 7. '^'.
490. S.11.62. 104. 179. S. W. Monloon, S, n. O. 303, 6. </,

III, 2. 346, 7, 8. 3 f 3, 4. 7. 399. 401, f,^ I 3, f, 7. 420. 437,

8, 9. 481, 7, 8. 490, J to 9. f4o, 7. (Wcfterly Wind Scaibn in the

IV. LiAits, d. \V. 17, 8, 9. loi, 2. O. 38, 9. 44.) dubious, irre-
gular, (}ormy, c^c. 40f, 6. 413, 4, f. 437. 448, 4fi, 3. 4f8, 9.
461, 2. 472, 3, f. f04. S. 4. 36. Iff, 7. if9. 170, 7. C. 22, 8.
5>. 36, 8. 129. Counter Winds, 0.3fi. Norths, their Seafon, C. 21,
57. 39.41,8. fee Norths, Scifbns. Storms, Breeae}. ('Sea and Lard,) </.
profcficdly, W. 2610 42. W. f . 8. 18, 9. 20, 4, f, 7. f 0,8. 102, 5,
0.2.6. 119. 130, 8. 186. loT, 9. 218, 6, 7. 2f I, 2, 7. 262, 7.
173. 280. 321. 348. 4fo, 1. f02. f48. S. 12. 32. 106. 149. ij;6,
170, I, 7. 180. C. 22. 30, I, 7. ff. Sea-Wind5, warm, O. fig
^30. Land- Winds, cold. j^. W.4t,2.C.8. fcecold, whiffling Winds
prcli^ipg Storms, VV.61.O. 413. attending Spouts, 4fr, 2, 3.
Tcmpelliious, lee Storms. Fddy Winds froni two contrary ones,
W. 81, Wind and Sea rile and fall together f 31. Scabby Winds 6;
fee Cathagena 3r. EUphanta, H»rmetnns, Fofogmost Terrevces, Sum-
frt.ifcfita W.

Windows, what and where, S. 43. i72.0.33f.

Wine made, what and where, O. 74. f32. and a Commodity,
^4: , 3, f, 170. 194, 6. 114. fee Wines, Palm-Wine.

Wi'-es, Plurality of them, O. 334. 4ff. fi4.S. fo. 68. W, in.
V. here but one, O.9.431. bought of their Parents, S. fo. W. in.
cuarritd early, C. 1 14. proftituted by their Husbands, O. 397. iec
Women Pioilitutes. Allow'd free Converfation with Strangers,
327,8. 367, 8. CeePagaUiej. Agreement with their Husbands, 432.
Inriuencc over tl.cm,!?. Employments, 9.432. W. 1 10. of Princes,
S.67,8. 0.ji3f.fi4 fold by rheir Husbands, S. jo. gamcdaway,
42. ice Manners, Marriage, Women.

Old

General I N T> E X.

OW Wives, Fifli. where, S. 1 28.

Women, Ilcfpcft fhewn them, S. ico. abus'd, KJr. negotiatinp
Trade, fi, 2. familiar with Srrangirs, 327 \cc. Pa^allies, civil to
them, 12. 43 3- begging modcllly, /A. Natural Atifcdion, ^c. 432,3.
270. C. I If. Proftitutcs, O. 365-. Jpf-S. I J. j-o, i Danring Wo-
men, 146.0.340, i,2.fellinr;Tea, O. 409.S. 31. Moncy-ciiangcrs,
60. S8. 131. 142. all the Women Slaves. 146. I'crions. ^/. C. 1 1 j-.lcc
Hodiej. Cioathb, 114, 9. O. 32. 427 W, m. /cc Cloth, Orna-
ments, f^ove of Finery, O. 13, fee Wives. With little Feet, 327.
408. and large Calves, 3*.. Tee Ornaments.

Womens I. fKey Muger) in Campmchy, C. 9. 10.

Woods, Wood-lands, Wood for Fuel in Ships, &-c, where, O. 1 1 ,
4, 6. 21. 39. 5-8. 87. 112. 125-. 15-0 162. 3, 4,7. 174,7, 8. 188.
198. 205-. 211, 6, 8. 231, i, 9. 240, 2, 9. 25-0, 1.3, f to 8. 263:
9 i7f- i9». 509. 3^f. 347. 378, 9. 380, 2,4,5-. 393» 9-40i'<>-
421. 442, 3, 8. 45-4.463. 472, 8.480.S. 4, 5-. 19. 20, 2,4. 44.
I Of. 128. 142. 164. 173, 4. 180, I.e. 14. 30, 2, 4. (Men loft in
them) 83 to 7. (Ships lodg'd thereby Storms, W. 70. C.) 92, y,
9. 1 1 1, 2. W. 46. 5-6. 109. none, O. 106. C. 4f. fee Trees. Wood
for Dying C. 5-7, 8. fee Dyes beft for Lacker-Warc, S,6i, 2, 4. fee
Lack, Drift-wood, 8.0. 230.

Wood Lice or Wl.ite Ants, where, S. 127.

Wooden, his Efcape from the Spaniards, C. 19.

Words, Nam.es, Rxnnck, o'ilndians Ne^ro^.?, ficc. O. 9. 143: 327,'
8. 3f9. 389. 39J. 409 419.431,469.478. (479, fee Language)
498, 9. 5-02. 7,8. 5-13, 4, f. Sl^'7- S- a3» ^-l^' f^.Sj, 3. 32, 8.
132, 8. 171, 3, 9 C. 105-.

Working, fee Log- wood cutting. Workhoufes unhealthy, S. <Jj.'

World, fee Globe.

Worms, in Hides, C. 88. breeding in Mens Legs, e^f. 89. J.and
Cure, 90, I. Silk- worms, where, 5-, 25-, ^hip-worms, where bred,
Hurt and Remedy, O. 362, 5.

Wormfeed, a Commodity, S. 91. and whence, 64.

Worfliip ( Mahometan alike in the E. and IV, Indies W. f^-. what
at Tonquirtt S. 5^7 , 8. fee idolatry. See Religion, Idolatry, Maho-
metumfm.

Wound of Amputations, how cur'd, S. 139. 140.

Wrecks, what and where, O.fo. 134. 148. 405-, 6.S. 27 . 8.C,
Cx-, 3. W. 63, 9. 70. Shipwreck'd Men kept, where, S. 7. 8.

YAms, Roots, where, O. 9. 12,4, S, 9. 22. 46, 8. 75'. 14;;
If I. 511.426.433, f,7. f44.5-46.S. 22. 93. 126. 181. C.
9, none, 0.480. 464,6,

Yards! of Ships, Timber fit for them, where, O, 394. S, 17 r, 2.

Year,

■'W

■1

, ^'

!'■

,!■•

j;;.

'^^it'

„|H

■' i

■: tl

Cd7/^^^/ I N T> E X.

Ycir, SCdfons of it, whcr^ diflingu'.fliM into wet mr^ dry, W. ?;
r. ;i, ?. . Ntvv-ycar, wh-n it btgins, and Ncw->cars Fcali at xon-
tliiin, 5-5. Ice Day, Tunc.

Tto R. not pcrt'niiiii, O. pf. S, 5f.

Tucattin, il'C "f ttc.it ad.

ICunAtn (Jttnam) Province of CkinAf its Site and ComniaJitit'.;_,
S. 64.

ZElifco, (XaUfco) Hill, ^/. O. 167,
Zone, lorrtd, its Scalbns bcft didingu'fli'd into wet and dry,
S. 3,x. W. 2. y:t the VVeatlu-r various, even in the fame Latitudes,
77, tkc. grcatti^ Heat there, wjicrc and v/hy, S. 52, ;. the Caul;
of Land-l''loods there, and N//t''s overflowing, 34, 5-. Rivers made
by the Moods only, ib. Weather, and Winds there. Storms, Tiucs,
and Currents, fee x\yc Scheme ^ W, i. fee Ec]uator, Oaks, Tr^i^k'^
Tropick Birds.

'. ?.

into wctan'^drv, W -^
^cw-jcars Fcalt at i^.

Site and Cominoditic.,-

Hi'd into wet and drv,
in the fjme Latitudes'
r. S. 3i. 5. the Caui^
^ 5+, 5-. Rivers mailc
there. Storms, Tiucs,
lator, Oaks, Troiuh,