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 : i 
 
 COPY OF PETITION 
 
 raoPOSED TO bi adobesskd to 
 
 •r.:''". i rfifci. an Wff' 
 
 THE PROVINCIAL LEGISLATURE, 
 
 "•<> ' ■ , 
 
 The Petition of the Toronto Board of Trade, 
 
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 Humbly sheweth, " . ' ' 
 
 That your Petitioners, having taken into consideration the draft of a Bill, 
 now before your Honourable House, purporting to be "An Act foi granting 
 Duties of Customs," are of opinion that the interests of the mercantile community 
 would be seriously affected by some of the provisions in the said Bill, should it 
 become a law of this" Province. Your Petitioners most respectfully solicit the 
 attention of your Honourable House to those items in the sclicdule annexed to the 
 said Bill, in which differential rates of duty are proposed to be levied on articles, 
 in consideration of the course of transport by vhich they may bo brought into this 
 Province, whereby your Petitioners conceive that a most important advantage will 
 be conferred on the commercial interests of one section of the province, at the 
 expense of those of the other. Your petitioners submit to your Honourable House, 
 that the importation of sroods from the markets of the United States into Western 
 Canada is very considerable, and that from the similarity of the manners and cus- 
 toms of the inhabitants to those of the contiguous Americans, there is every reason 
 to anticipate a gradual increase in this trade. It is well known that the great 
 bulk of the whole imports of the Province from the United States, is made direct to 
 Western Canada, and that a considerable portion of the same class of imports into 
 Eastern Canada, ultimately finds consumption in Western Canada. The imports jf 
 the port of Toronto alone, from the United States, in the year 1841, your Petitioners 
 understand amounted in declared value to about £115,000. These goods were con- 
 veyed from New York and other markets by inland navigation, vid the River 
 Hudson, the Erie and Oswego Canals and Lake Ontario ; the time required for 
 the transit being on the average about ten days, and the rate of freight throughout 
 about 2s. Sid. Halifax currency per lOOlbs. Should the importers of Western 
 Canada be forced by the operation of a differential tariff of duties to forward their 
 goods by sea through the circuitous and perilous coasting navigation via the Gulf, 
 and River St. Lawrence, the time of transit must be at least trebled, the expense 
 of carriage more than doubled, and the dangers of the navigation incomparably 
 greater. At the present time the great majority of buyers from Western Canada 
 make their purchases in the New York market, either ver}- early in the spring, or 
 very late in the fall, and the goods are forwarded at two periods of the year 
 in which the navigation of the Gulf and River St. Lawrence is either imprac- 
 ticable or highly dangerous. The delivery of the goods purchased in the 
 United States, within the shortest possible lapse of time, is an object of the 
 utmost importance. Many of them are bought at very short credits, and a 
 considerable part are paid for in cash. On the speedy transit of them, the 
 interests of the buyer depend to a greater extent than may, at first view, be 
 apparent. This object would be altogether unattainable were the buyer forced to 
 bring his goods by sea. A shipment from New York would be almost as 
 tedious as one from Liverpool, and much more expensive ; the insurance, which by 
 the inland route is an item never incurred, would be equal to one half the present 
 freight from New York. Your Petitioners are aware that the differential rates of 
 duiy complained of by them are, in the bill referred to, confined to a "few articles of 
 
inconsiderable moment in our present imports; for example, "ale, beer, cider, perry, 
 vinegar, sperm or wax candles, and some articles of leather manufacture." It is 
 this very circumstance which has awakened the fears of your petitioners ; for they 
 can apprehend no other reason for the singling out of these trivial items, than the 
 insidious introduction of a principle of commercial legislation which, if first brought 
 amongst the people accompanied by a more extended catalogue, would be sure to 
 excite instant alarm, and loud remonstrance ; whilst the results proceeding from its 
 action in the case of the articles above enumerated may, from their unimportance, 
 serve at some future time as a convenient appeal to carry the pi Inciple into full 
 operation. Your Petitioners fully concurred in the justice of the remarks made by 
 the Hon. the Inspector General, during the present session of parliament, on the 
 superiority of the plan of levying duties on the tail or quantity, rather than on the 
 value of goods ; for, as the honourable gentleman then observed, the opportunities 
 of perpetrating frauds on the custom-house, are by the former course removed ; 
 whilst, in the ad valorem method of rating duties, these frauds have occurred 
 frequently. Your petitioners cannot then but express their surprise that the duties 
 to be levied on goods imported by sea, as above referred to, should be placed at an 
 ad valorem rate, whilst on those by inland navigation, they are to be rated by the 
 quantities. If any advantage is presented to the importer by the former mode of 
 reckoning duties, it is evident that it will be enjoyed by the importer hy sea; and 
 thus an additional disparity will be established between the trade of Eastern and 
 Western Canada. 
 
 Your Petitioners have no hesitation in declaring it to be their conviction, that the 
 operation of a system of differential duties, if it were possible to carry it fully into- 
 effect, would be to render the trade of Western (Canada, in so far as the United 
 States imports are concerned, tributary to the merchants of Montreal and Quebec 
 Heavy capitalists alone could venture into a trade of such a character. The length 
 of the voyage, the dangers of the navigation, the contracted period of open waters, 
 must all tend to drive men of limited means from competition. In many instances 
 the sales of the goods are completed in the period of two or three weeks ; and, 
 when time becomes equivalent to profit, it is evident that the deateisfipdd best 
 consult his own interests, by making his purchases in Montreal ; which h« could 
 only effect with a heavy establishment, having a full assortment. 4 , 
 
 But your Petitioners most respectfully submit to yonr Honourable House 
 that, though the enactment of a law such as the one now under consideration might 
 operate to the prevention of direct and legitimate importation from the United 
 States to Western Canada, it could not operate to the prevention of the supply 
 of our market by that class of traders, whose harvest is always found most abundant 
 wherever restrictive or prohibitory commercial legislation is most general. The 
 smuggler would not fail to remedy the evil, which an unjust and unwise law had 
 created ; and the public revenues would be the fund out of which his profits would 
 be derived. Your Honourable House are well aware that, by the prohibition 
 formerly existing against the importation of tea into this Province from the United 
 States, the illicit importation of that article was not prevented ; and the amo'Ant 
 of revenue now derived from its legitimate import, proves at what a ruiqens loss 
 to the public interests this prohibition was so long continued. Even at the^resent 
 time, your Honourable House have concurred in the suggestion of the mercantile 
 body, to lower the provincial duty on tea to one penny in lieu Of three pence per 
 pound, under the hopes of putting a stop to illicit trade, without diminishing the 
 accruing revenue. If a margin of two pence on a pound oi Um, has -\»om round 
 sufficient to induce or perpetuate the extensive smuggling of that article, it is v»in 
 to suppose that a scale of differential duties, adequate to the forcing (^ the trade 
 between the United States and Western Canada into the eircuitous and expenuve 
 navigation proposed, will not be the means of opening up a system ef eontraband 
 trade of the most extended and deleterious character. 
 
 Your Petitioners have no doubt that your HonouraUe House wiU clearly 
 
 i)erceive, that the injury thus inflicted on Western Canada would be of the meet 
 lunentable nature. There is, however, another consideration involved in the 
 subject of a very painful kind to your Petitioners ; and it is the &et that any 
 distinction should be made in mercantile or other legislation, tending as in the 
 present case to the placing of the mercantile body of Western Canada on a footing 
 
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 of inequality and subserviency to thoir brethren in Easterii Canada. The 
 operation of the proposed differential duties, your Petitioners believe they have 
 demonstrated as tending to this result. Such treatment, your Petitioners feel 
 conscious they have not ro'irited; and to such treatment they most respectfully, 
 but most resolutely declare, they will never silently submit. 
 
 Your Petitioners have observed with astonishment, that the chief arguments 
 used by the advocates of the proposed differential duties are to the effect, that the 
 carriage of these imports \ik the St. Lawrence Canals, will be indispensable to the 
 creation of a sufficient toll-revenue to meet the interest of the outlay and the 
 expenses of management and repairs on these works. Your Petitioners are, then, 
 inevitably led to the conclusion, that the forcing of the whole carrjing trade from 
 the United States into thcbc canals is contemplated ; for the contributions derived 
 from the trifling moiety now proposed to be placed under differential du'iies, could 
 never be considered of such importance as to warrant a departure from the clearly 
 prescribed course of colonial commercial legislation. 
 
 When these public works were first proposed and subsequently advanced 
 towards completion, the people of Western Canada were told that the advantages 
 which would be conferred upon them by the reduction of freights would amply com- 
 pensate them for the whole expenditure. Your petitioners respectfully submit, that 
 the proposed system of forcing into this navigation the carrying trade between the 
 United States and Western Canada, at an enormous disadvantage to the people of 
 the latter country, appears to them a very untoward mode of realizing the promises 
 formerly held out. Your petitioners would infinitely prefer to contribute by direct 
 taxation whatever amount might be considered equal to the canal tolls sought for 
 from the transportation of their goods, to the proposed mode of extorting it from 
 them by an unnatural and unjust system of distinctive legislation, which by 
 shackling their trade would place them in a position of inferiority unbecoming the 
 character of British freemen. 
 
 Your petitioners cannot but express their regret, that a system of irksome 
 and impolitic class legislation, which has become almost antiquated in the mother 
 country, should be sought to be '•^.troduced into this young and flourishing colony. 
 The wisest statesmen, and the most enlightened political economists of the present 
 day concur in the expediency of releasing commerce from all artificial restrictions, 
 and your petitioners have derived the most heartfelt gratification from the sentiments 
 so frequently expressed on this subject by the present ministers of her Majesty. 
 The course of colonial commercial legislation prescribed by the Right Honourable 
 Lord Stanley, her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies, in his despatches 
 to the Governor General, dated "Downing Street, 28th June, 184.3," and "26th 
 September, 1844," your Petitioners regard at once as the best guarantee of the 
 safety of our commercial interests, and the continuance of that happy and advan- 
 tageous connexion with the parent State, which every Canadian subject of her 
 Majesty, who rightly appreciates his privileges, must ardently pray to be 
 interminable. 
 
 Your Petitioners therefore humbly pray your honourable House, not to pass 
 into a law the Customs Bill referred to, until the differential rates complained of 
 by your Petitioners are expunged, and all imports placed on an equal footing 
 therein, in reference to the course of transit or navigation, by which they may be 
 brought into this province ; so that there may be confenxd on all classes of her 
 Majesty's Canadian subjects, equal and impartial laws. And your Petitioners, as 
 in duty bound, will ever pray, &c. &c. 
 
 *s 
 
 •; I 
 - I- 
 
 I 
 
 The foregoing Petition has been unanimouslif adopted by the Committee of 
 the Board, and will be presented for the consideration of the Board at the General 
 Meeting, to be held on Wednesday Evening, IQth Instant. 
 
 , H. ROWSELL, Secretary.