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ir-'wiKrwwf .^^m^^^^'^^t
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MICTOCOrv IISOIUTION TI$T CHAIT
lANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No. 2)
A •dPPLIED irvHGE
1653 Eos- Ua.r, Sl,«i
("6) 482 ^ 0300 ^Phont
(716) 288 - 5989 - Foi
t'l'.-S'h
/
y
it
THEJTRADE OF SOUTH CHINA
■ d IIATIOKERY
OCT 16 1961
Docun-9nts Library
REPRINT 01^ ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND COMMERCE OF CANADA
BETWEEN OCTOBER, lo;. AND JANUARY, 1919.
^ *
m .^
TRADE COMMISSIONER. L. P. WILGRESS.
Published by Authority of Rt. Hon. Sir GEORGE E. FOSTER, G.C.M.G.. P.C.,
Minlitcr of Trade end Commerce.
OTTAWA
OTTAWA
J. DK LABR(JQUERIE TACHft
PRINTER TO THE KINO'S MOST E.XCELLENT MAJESTY
1111
atm^^^t
THE TRADE OF SOUTH CHINA
REPRINT OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE WEEKLY BULLETIN OF THE
DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND COMMERCE OF CANADA
BETWEEN OCTOBER. 1918 AND JANUARY, 1919.
TRADE COMMISSIONER, L. D. WILGRESS.
View '<! Honn Konii friiiii the Peak.
Published by Authority of Rt. Hon. Sir GEORGE E. FOSTER. G.C.M.G.. P.C.
Minister of Trade and Cofntnerce.
OTTAWA
OTTAWA
.1. UK LABROQI-KRIE TACHft
PRINTER TO THE Kl.VO S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTI
1919
56716—1
CONTEITTS.
Tnidr PfKiti.iji of IIumk Kuiijf
Thn ImiKirt 'I'riid.' ul I|i.ii»f Ki.iK ,,,
Kx|>iirf 'I'riidc (if iliiiiK Koii(c n,
1^
'I \n' ^ lour 'Jiiidi'
Market for l.imihpr ^
29
Mnrkot tor llafliiiii-r.v, I.oiitluT iiiiil Pii|i.r ™o
Market for C'iiiiiuhI ri()vi»ii)(i« „-
Triidi' iif ttip Oiitpi.rN ,,„
U»'
lloiifl; K..iijf Trurle Keturii> ,„
ULUSTBATIONS AND MAPS.
View of Hong Koiisr from the FVuk Title-page
Map of Canton luver Delta, nliowing Situation (d' Jionir Koiik ;;
l{ailwa.vs inClMiia (sketeh-niap)
Mixlprn TravilliuK in South China g -
View of Shameen, European Settldiient of Canton ,S
City of Vietoria, Hong Kong (^
View of the River Bund, Canton, to-da.v jy
Water Fete, opposite Shameen. Canton ,-
Weaving Mafti.i»r: Kxmnple of Chin.-.' IIou<ehol<| K,M,n,.Miy o.j
Treiit.v Port of Wuchow. West River ,„
TRADE POSITION OF HONO KONO.
Mn,,^ K„nir. .lum- .••». i!.|v Tli.. Ilriti,li .nlnu.v ..( M.„.^ K-hk i^ th,. prih.-ipal
.■miH.rium i.l tn- i.,i S.miiIi ( liinii. tilling,' tlir -.,i,„. fi„.li..i, wlii.li f..r fli,. N,.rfh
• huu. .ih.l \„„Kt/v v,ili,..v i. fiiltill.-,! I,.v Mmii>tl».i. Ahli.uKli .•xUiuliii^ „v.r ii ■•..iii-
(mn.liv.l.v ,iimll ar.-u, it is ..i f thr .ii.,.i ii„,H,rtunt (>..wi. .„l,„.i.., „f tli.. Uriti.li
Kiiiiiirc. uiiil lias Ihvii of un-ui usM«l,iiMf i„ Hritisli tni.l.' irit..r,„ts in tlii. Fr Va^l
I li.- p..rt «.rvr, ,H til., .listril.iitiiw •ruU;- „f iii.|K.rt.-,i C.rri^^,, k,«„1, f„r .1 iarK-. ...xi.-nl
..f t.TrHur.v uml ... tl... .xpurr .,f Chi.,,,., pro-l,.,!, rank. „| „.,|,x to Sl.u..Khu..
111." vallt.- of til,, tra.lf ol th,- .olo.i.v U .•^tinmtcl at ov.t *L':.iMMH),lHMt «,,l.| a vtar ai.d
.t ii.a.v !»• stalr,l tliut apprMvii.ial.l.v u fourth ..f th.- iii,|„,rts u.,.l o,„.-t|,ir,l ..f t(..-
.•xport. ol th- ,oll....t,s.. tor-i..,, tra. f Chi.,., i„ .,or ti.,,,- „r.. H.,a...-..d a...i div
tr.b.ili-il ihroi.nl II, I. lie Ko.nf.
a>Wr
r,.*''*^*!^^^'^^*^
IL
Map c ( an.'..! .{iver IJflla. sliowiiiK nilualu.ii of Hunu Kuiw,
STVTISTK S oK TKAHK.
Ilo.ijf Koiiff ha.* always l,„.|, a fr,... fH-rt a..<l statisti.-s ,.f trade have hitherto not
l.f(.. puhl.sh.,!. For this re as,,., it is ditti.-.ilt t., ,-o„v,-.v a proi».r .•o...-..ptio.. of the
..atnr.. and v„l„..... „f .h.. tra.h- of th,. |K,rl. I.nst ,v,.:ir a s|„.,.ial d-part. .t was e«tub-
liAliitl til AiiiM'rviiu- iiii|N>rt4 himI i'X|Kirtx iiilo iiml fniiii tlii' I'lilmiy, iiiiil li)'nc<'fi>rth
viiliiiiltli' iliitii 'Imiilil U- ii\iiiliil>l<'. Till' tiKiiri't fur the lii«t fmir iiiiiiitli« uf lt>l' an>
ii|iIH'iiili'il ti llii* ri'|"irl. 'I'lit'ir riliirii" ilu iml -Imw uriuiii >>( ifiiiHirl* it ili'«tiiiHtiiili
• if tximrt". It i« tlicnfiiri' nut |Ki.«ilili' tu |irii|Mrl,\ .mihIn/i' tlir liifiin* ;{i\rti Mit-
I'hiitiili'M' iiii|i<>rti'<l friiiii ('lih .1 I'f iiliriiiiil n ' riitrnil in llir iiii|Hirt i'<i!iiiiiii uft ,i
iipiKiir. iitctiiii iiiiiltr till- lii'inl uf ■ximrt-' ulun ri-ix|MirtiM| fruiti tli ilini.v. Tlii' K'xt
iiiiliriiliiiii i>f till' iiii|Hirtiiiit piirt wliiili llmitr Kmiur |il<t.V4 in tin' fnri'iiirti trmii' uf
Cliimi i' iitfuniiil li.v ii rcfiTciMi' tu tlic -l,iti-tii'iil |iiililiriitiuii« uf tin- (liiiic-i- Muritiiiii-
Cii-luiiH, ii. iiiii.v Im' -ti'ii fnnii till' fujluwiiii.' Iii!iir<'« ruvcriiiK llif viiir l!*l":
Viilili
I riiilil.
Tiil;il liniiurtx uf f..rilKii kiimIk iiitii fliliia r,:M.7ic.'.T7»
liiili.iilB rruin HoiiK KoiiK Iii i,.1ilii.r,ii:l 37''.
Toliil . iii"irtH uf I'lilhcHr (irmlui u IT".' 1» .■.7j
Kxiiuii^ ii. tluiiK .;iiiiK ll»,:in.:':!( ■::,■;
Tuial Hull., uf cliiiKi with furi-licn iMunlrk'' I. ii71 .'..".', l."iH
TrHilf iif I'hiiia with lliiiiK Kuim .""L'.'lTx.I't. -'•i'.
Sil iiuiiK Kuii); liii* II |Hi|iulill II uf ulll.V II Hull' uvir .'ilHI.IMNI, It i^ I'viill'lll tIlUt
iiiil.v 11 tiiiiill |iru|Hirtiiiii uf till' tiiiiil iiiriHivrr vrivrti iiliuvr i'uiiii»ti'il uf tr !■• uriKiiuitiiikr
ill ur (It'itiiii'tl fur i'uii-<iii:i|itiiiii wilhin tin lun.v. |1\ fur tlir ^'niitir piirt uf tlu'
Irinli- uf lluii^^ Kiiiiif i« i--n'iitiiill.v -.i ri'-i'X|iiirl liii»iiii'»™, tlii' ruluiiv iiiiiMirliiiK furi'iifii
({iM.ll-. (ur riill-lriliiitiuii in tliu intirmr itnil ri'i'i'lvlnir Suiilli Cliinii |iruiliir|« fur ,«lii|i-
IIK'Ilt , -lillll.
A|i..ii frmii In ink: llir runinirriial iiiitri' uf S'liitli ('liinii, iiii ini|Hirl.iiit triin-lii|i
tiifiit triiilt' i* riirrii'ij un frmii Ilutiu Kun»r witli tin' I'liilipiiini' UlaniU. Krcin-li iiiilu-
China, Sinni, Striiit-< Siftliiiii-nt*. Kutili Kii«t Inilii'i unil utiiir piirti uf llif Far K'M.
*'i flint till' (hirt iii'rii|iii'^ a |iu<itiun *uiiir«liat iitiiinii- ainuiik; jtriat rrntri's of ''iili'.
lluntr Kmikr invi-s tlii^ puiitiun, tir'-t uf all tu it* iidvaiitiitfiiiiis (.'luvirupliiral situation
anil. siTundly. to tlir nnuxri'lli'il -tiniii^liiii runni'i'tiuii with all part-i uf tin- worlil.
Must uf thr triiiKpai'itii -tcaiii-li;,) liin"< liavi. tlii'ir Far Kii»trrii ti'riiiinii« at Iluiiif
Kuiitf, wliih- all iitliiT sti'iiiiiurs tu anil from China ami .lii|iiiii I'all at thi' |Hirt. In
aililitiun niiini'ruiH iin>l frn|iiriil luaitiil srrvi>i-i iimviili. roiinri'tiuiiJ' with the mil-
purts on thr inainliinil anil thi- uiitl,\iiiM: i^lninls. Ai'i'unlinK tu tho shippinK ri'turii*
of till' Hritish Uoiiril of Trailf tin- nuinliiT and tuiiiiiiKi' uf vi-sscls in furrixn trndr
I'litiTi'd and rh'ariHl duriiijr thi' year T.'l.'! was i'.'i'Jii and :i."i.>*:il,tl."(:i tons; thus in
rrspi'i'l of tiiiiinik;!' Ilunk; Kun^ has ranki'd with l/uiidon and I.iviTiHiol as oiif of *h<'
thrci- hirni'st ports in tin- world.
In vii'W of thr rxri'lli'iit sliippiim' finilitii's fruiii llunjr Kuii)r. ninny iiniiniirrial
hmiM's find it runvi'iiiriit tu kii'ii »tiirks nt tin' p'lrf un wliirli thry I'liii draw as oi-casiuii
ri'i|niri's to -.upply tlw various Far Fastrrn tirriturirs tu thi' smith. I'lifurtuiiatt'ly
no statistii's arc availahh' to show tho I'Xtiiit uf this ru-uxport tradi' with I'ountrien
other tliiin Cliinu. Many of tho steaniiTs I'lilliii;.' at lluiitf Kuiikt taki- un stor.'s or retit
thi'ri' and this hrlps to furnish no iiirunsidcriihli' |iart uf tlii' luial hii»iiii'«s uf thu
roloiiy.
TIIK SlUTII (IIIN \ Til VliK l-IKl.ll.
A ulaiiii' at till' map uf tlio Far Fast will slmw the advantajtrs whii-li Iluiitf Konp
<ii'ri> -s fruiii its krcujrraphii'al situatiun. Thi' ruluny i^ situatid at latitudi- -'J^ 1h N. and
loiii;itudf' 114' 10 F., liiMicc just within thi- Trupii's. Thi- China iiiast at aliout latitude
iiti" makes a tri^nt Im-iuI to the soiithwest and lluntr Konjr is so situnte<l as to he almost
ill the eeiitre of the seinieinle so formed. It is thus within eoiivenient distance of a
larire part of the interior of China south uf the Yanjrtze valley. Tlie eolony also is
iii';iv the nioutli of the Canton or I'earl river, whiili is formed h.v the eonverKintf of
several rivers iiavitraMe for jrreat dislain'i'-. and pruvidinn fairly easy eoinniunieution
for II wide t<<tit <).' ti'rrit'>r>. Thiit inakfn Iloitg Kong th>' iriit>-wii> t"r tin- wIimIi' .if
thf tiri'B iM'i .I'd liy tlu.i' trml.' Mutt-*. Tlip immt iiiiimrtuiit in th« Wpitt Kivcr routH
from (.'antoii, wliii'h iiiiiiiiiMii<i« llii< wholo of thp trnilt- uf tii. |,r,viii<-i' .>f Kwiiiii;i>i umi
\tetutT»tf» into Yiiimii ;tri<t Kw.-ifhnu OtliiT routft .li^. rvmjf .,1 ii..-iai..ii urn th«»
Xiirtii Kiv«T roiitr wliiili i.tvi-- tin' iviii<t> of Kwiititiiiig north , t'aiitoii, anil l)y
nii'iUM of till" < hi'liiiif I'll,, ulfiird, <'iiininiiiiii-ati>iii with tin- wuti'rwuyit of lliuiuu, uiid
tlie Ka.tt KiviT routi- wliiili prni'trativ't ovir tho Mi'iliim I'j-^j into wiutlit^ni KiuiiKni.
With the oiitiMirtit iiIoiik t\u: '••)u»t utid thu vnUi'.vt cut off frmi tin- Cantou Uivor, and hjr
■•>'!iti'Ui of mountain runui". cxi'i'llent coniniiiiiii'atiun is utTunlid i<y thtt nunii-rou*
poattal iit'rvii'i'< from H.>:ik Ivontf.
Thn territory trilmtary to ll>iiu K'orK lonimfrciHlly thiTft'uri' .-.imiiri-if* th.- whol..
of thi' pri>viii<'i>, iif KwanKtuntf and l\wiiiiK-.i, nd a part of thi- i>rovini'i!n of Fultii-n.
KianK-ii, Iluniiii, Kweich'Hv and Vunan. Km
[Mrt. where the trade intluenee ,if limit K<
territory outlined i* what i- known a, the >
urea of aliout ;;iH»,iHN( vpiare inih.M and wii.i a iKipulutioii ot upwanU of
|ic<jple.
w II. ly U> Kuid to Im- the mo.-it northerly
' erhip-i with that of ShanKhui. Tho
ill China tradi' *ii'lil. •xtendinir :r an
•0.<K)0
RAILWAYS IN SOt'TH CHINA.
The Houth "■ ''hina i« evmi in.ini iKxirly provided with railway eomniunieation
than are the di,li >..■. north of the Viin«t/.e river. The m.>st iin|M>rtniit line at pronent
V ' ■^
/^:
i...
.••••
.*••
.Tab- V'
>K^::^G^r^'^''''^"'^'^
<MOU
.<<•««• tjoivir
(WHMCV*
H^/UMTirS /N CH/N/f
Puss/an and Japanese Oirned ■
• ^•W «• J»» «dW 3»
in operation i.s the Canton-Kowloon railway, 111 miles in length. Thi» railway is
partly under British and partly under Chinese administration rroni Canton a line
alno runs nortli to Shao-chow. This is a .leetlon, of whav will eventually be the Hankow-
Canton railway, with a total length of 7oO miles and connecting the si>uth o£ China
with the railway sysU-m of tho north. The other railways already in operation in
South China are mostly short lines running from points on the coast and are not of
very great importance. Mention may Ihj made, however, of the French railway from
the coast of Tonking up into Vunan. This line has diverted a part of the traffic
which formerly came down to Canton by th West River route. Lines in South China
foi he construction of which arrangements have already been made include a railway
from the Yangtze river .southwest to Y^unan, a line from the Hankow-Cinton railway
66716—2
at f^Jiuchow to th<? coast at Chiiichow and another north from C'hinchow to the province
of Kwcichow. It is cxiKH-twl that the building «' these lines will Ix- proceeded with as
8(H.n as the war is over and the nece^^siiry sui>plies and funds are available. The con-
str\iction of the.se railways and especially the completion of the Hankow-Canton line
should greatly a.>isist the conunercinl and industrial dewloimient of South China.
PEdl'I.K A\f) I.aN(;1 A(iK.
The inluibitants of South China are an industrial nice and are to be dlstinffuished
from the more literary Chinese of the Yangtze valh^y. Agri.-ulture is the chief occu-
r>ati(,n of the |K>ople and the standard of living is low. The surplus remaining after
providing for the bare nw-essitics of e.\isteiice is very small. On the other hand China
IS beginning to respond to the iiiHuen<-e of western ideas. The future will undoubt-
edly be progressive and the modernizing tendency and the raising of the stamlard of
livi
()«
hav
con
the
.Swi
»rt'
.Vliiili'in TravellinK in Siuth CliinM.
ng will be reflected in a greater ileinaii<l for many „{ the i.roducts of tile West.
iiig to the density of poimlation, a slight increase in the consuming iK>wcr of the
pie results in a great increase in the demand for goods ini|H.rted from abn.ad.
A multitude of different dialects are spoken in Sontii China, ca.-h district alin.Kt
mg Its own languag... In Hong K„ng the prevailing .iialcct among the Cbincv-
im..rcml clft.ss<.s is Cantonese, but the pc.ple of the surmunding .listricts sp,.ak
Makha language I be ri.'ksha and chair .-oolics and porter, an- immigrants fn,m
itow and sp«.ak tl... dndect ,.f that distri<.t. The majority of cducafd Chinamen
able to understand an.l talk moderately well the official Mandarin language
'eon Kiiglish is the " lingua I-nm.-a " for nearly nil dealing, with foreigners
THKATV I'oliTS.
The
ctnmenial activity of fonigners in China is largely .onfimxl to certain
ports opencfby tn.ity or voluntarily by the Chin.-se CMVcrnment and subject t<> r.-o-
lat.o.is agn.iHi u,.on by the parties ciavriied. I'p to JS4i' KumiK-an traders were
'a.y.Vf>~^'"
greatly rostrioted mid were only permitted to have dealings with the merchants' guild
of I'anton. The treaty of tliat year oimmuhI the jmrts of Cantim, Amoy, Fooohow,
Niiiirpo and Shaiifrhai to fureifrn trade and tfranted siH-cial privileges. There are now
over forty sui-h treaty ports in China, of which some fourteen are in the south. At
these iwirts foreign nation.s may e,stahlish consulates and their merchants are per-
mitted tit live and do business. On the trade of these ports duties and other dues are
levied »i-cording to a tariff setfU-d hy treaty. ]5y the paynu^nt of duty at a treaty port
goo(U also are exempted hy all further taxation on movement. This latter jirivilege
is iif great im|Hirtance. Foreign imi>orted giKids having omf paid duty at a treaty
IKirt can !»■ sent to another treaty port in the interior or on the coast free of the
"I.ikin" or trunsit duties, which have s* greatly hindered the domestic trade of the
country. The duties at the treaty ports are collected by officers of the Chinese Mari-
time Customs, which is under the administration and managi'ment of foreigners.
The chief trwty i>ort in South China is Canton, which for many .vears held a
monopoly of foreign trade. Since the development of Ilong Kong, the direct trade
>. '.Icrn I ruvcliniK in South ( 'hinu.
of Canton with foreign countries has b.H^n limited, the port having becom.' a commer-
cial dependency of the British colony. The city is favourably situated to serve as a
distributing centre, being near the contluen<-e of three navigable rivers flowing from
th.' northeast, north and west. The most imixirtant treaty ports on the Soutli China
coast are Swatow, Foocliow. and Amoy. The trade of the two hitter p<irts is on the
<lccline with the falling off of the trafhc in Forniosan and local teas. Swatow is a busy
little iM.rt with a fairly extensive hinterland, whiili is ,-iit off from Cantni, and the jK.rts
to fh,. „„rtli by ranges of hills. S.iuthwest of Ibrng K .iig are the treatv |Hirts of
Pak-hoi and Kinnchow and the French leased territory of Kwang-.how-wan. The
tra.le of the two former is at pr.'s.'nt small, but capable of d.'velopment. In the interior
(iic treaty |M,rts nf Wuciiow at the head of steamboat navigation of the West river and
Nii:ning further up the same river are important distributing p<.ints. Kongmo.m on
tho wfst side of the CuiitiMi lliver delta taps a part of the trade of a rich hiiitiTland.
from wlioiice come many of tlie emijtraiits to North Araeriea and the East Indies. The
Portuguese colony of Maooa is no longer imi)ortant as a commercial centre, except as
a p'>rt of departure for coolie emigrants.
THE CXiLONV OF Ho\(; KONC.
The crown colony of Hong Kong comprises the island of tnat name and the
dependent territory across the harbour known as Kowloon and the Xew Territory.
Tlie total civil i)opulation of the colony was estimated in 11)10 at 529,010, consisting
of V),,i'Ml non-C'hincse and r>ir>,t)20 C'hine.se. The harbour is one of the finest and
most beautiful in the world and has an area of 10 s(iuare miles. The anchorage has
a griieral width of a mile and tiiere are entrances from two sides, both well protected.
Tile bulk of the poimlation live in the city of Victoria, which is spread for aljout 4
miles along the shore of the island. On the hills above the town there is a foreign
residential section known as the Peak. The island is about 11 miles long ami frnm
View of Shanicen Euro(M'an S'ttlcincnl of Canton.
2 to ."> miles broad a;id i-onsists of a broken ridge .f lofty hills. Them is little land
suitable for tillage ami the natural productions of the colony arc few ai unimimrtant.
The situation of the town is very beautiful. The .streets and roads an veil made and
kept and there are many substantial Ijuildings. T'he planting of forest trees and
the draining of stagnant waters has made a desolate and malarial island into one of
the healthiest spots of the world in the same latitude. The colon/ therefore reflects
great credit on the colonial system and administration of Great Britain.
ACQUISITION OF THE COLONY.
The island and harbour of Hong Kdng was ceded to Great Britain by the Chiiif-se
G-jvirnment in ISJl. Up to that time foreign traders doing business with the mer-
chants' guild of Canton had their headquarters at the Portuguese colony of Jlacoa.
From the year 185*1 th<- devcloinnent of Hon»f Kong »vas rnpicl and the importnniv. of
Macna as a centre for trade declined. In IsOO tlie peninsula of Kowloon was definitely
cede<l to the British and in l.si>,> another aftreement was concluded whereby China
granted the territory behind Kowloon, together with the adjacent islands, for a period
01 99 years, thus completing, the defence system and assuring the fortifications of the
colony. The area of this new territory is 370 square miles, thereby bringing the total
area under the British tliifr up to 410 square miles.
City (if Victoria, Hiiiik K(i
GOVERNME.NT.
The (iovernincnt ,.f the colony is administered by a governor, assisted by an
executive council of six official and two unoffici,,! niemliers. Ordinances are enacted
by the lepi,bitive council, composed of seven officials and si.x uno.'Bcinls, and pro-idcd
over by the frovernor. One of the unofficial members is elected bv the Cbanibor of
r.mimerce and another bv the justices of the peace. The other four, two of wlu,in are
(. Iiinese of British allefriance. are appoiiit<.d by the Governm.Mit. The froveriM.r is
ai.pointed by and acts nn.ler the Colonial Office at lA^rnhm and holds office usuallv for
a term of five years.
INDl.STRIES OK HONG KOXG.
Honpr Kons has several important industries, in.'ludintr extensive dockvar.l and
er:ginwnnK work.s, three sugar refineries, a rope fncfory, eeme.it works, ;; jjIaoJ factory ■
leatber-ckaniMK works, soap factor.-, paper mills, a mafli fa.'torv and several ship-
bu.U u>K establishments. In view of the advantajrcous situation of }I„nfr Konp it is
ielt l,y many of its busme-s men that many mon- industries c(,uld be atfra. ted to the
colony if proper encouraKenieiit was forthcominK. The dock acpomniodation is fully
adequate for the needs of the port. There are two docks over 700 feet in len,?th and
several of smaller size. One company has three extensive dockyard establishments
fitted with the latest appliances and equipment. This concern is now preparing three
new shipways and expects to be in a position next year for building steamships up to
16,000 tons gross. Another company has an up-to-date plant, which includes a dock
787 feet in length and a building yard fitted for turning out vessels of various kinds.
A steamship of over ">.t)00 tons was recently built by this company. There is clso a
navnl dockyard with a dock capable of accommodating the largest vessels and several
private concerns building small steamers, launches, junks and other vessels. Another
industry in Hong Kong deserving of mention is that managed by the Dairy Farm
Company, which supplies the Euroi)ean population both at Hong Kong and throughout
the Far East, as well as the steamers which call at the port, with fresh milk and other
dairy products, poultry, meats, hams, bacon and other i)r)duce. This concern has
lately been experimenting with the canning and preserving of meats for supplying ships
and for shipment to the tropical districts to the south.
TARIFF.
Hong Kong is a free port and duties are levied only on a limited number of
articles, such .- wines, liquors and tobacco, when imported for local conaumptioii,
goods imported and then reshipped from the colony pay no duty. Imports into South
China ports from Hong Kong are subject to the Chinese tariff, which is a general ad
valorem tariff for revenue purposes, the scale of duty being 5 per cent.
THE IKPOBT TBADE OF HONO KONG.
A consideration of the trade of Hong Kong is rendered difficult at the outset
owing to the absence of detailed statistics. There are no figures available to show
from whence originates the large quantity of foreign goods which pass through the
port, nor is it possible to indicate the destination of South China products shipped
from Hong Kong. Some idea of the nature of the gix)ds imported may be obtaine<l
by a reference to the returns of the Chinese maritime customs covering the import
into the principal treaty ports of South China, the bull of the goods imported into
these ports being distributed from Hong Kong. The following table shows the prin-
cipal articles imiwrted during the year 1916 through the ports of the Canton River
delta by steamer and junk. This table is abstractevl from the returns of the Canton,
Kowloon, Lappa (Macoa), Kongmoon and Samshui customs houses. The unit of
quantity given, viz., tlie picul, is the equivalent of 133S pounds avoirdupois. The
average value of the Haikwan tad during the year 1916 was the e<iuivalent of 79
cents gold. This table will indicate the nature of the imi>orts into South China and
the opportiniities which arc presented therei)y for the enlargement of Canadian
trade:—
IMPORTS INTO TORTS OF THE CANTON" RIVER DELTA. 1916.
Description of (5oods. riassifier of Tot.il
Quantity. Quantity. Value
Opium— "k 'I'*
BenK,xl Pioul.... 124-29 r2:..Ml
Malwa •■ H-'SS 142.47:.
Cotton goodp —
ShirtinKS, (frey. i lin Piwcs 111.'*;:. 2>*'J.2:»:.
white, plain " 172.4.10 S10.2SI
Drills and Jeans " 11.13:. .'«.T4«
T-oloth» •• 37,921 !)«,ti3S
Irfnoa and balzarines " 29.771 7:t.0()i>
Printed poods " 2''.47'> I'.s.ssi
Dyed Kooda " 7».:i()l 32fi.lS7
.otton Italians " 4H.202 311.778
lasthiRs . " 19.7!t2 ins,«24
•• Spanish stripes " 3.'>7fi 21.sfi3
iimiLi:
11
De*:rlptioi, of Goad.. Classlfler of
^ .. „ . „ Quantity.
Cotton Ooodg — Con.
Flannelettes
Handkerchiefs " .■,' ;.' .' .' ". ; ;'. Dozens.
Towels
Cotton yarn '.' .' ' .'.' .'.' ;.' .'; [] pi^.^i.
Description of Goods. Classifler of
„, „ Quantity.
Woollen goods —
p"™'*'* Plece.i.
Laatings
Spanish stripes Yirds
Metals —
Brass and yellow metal sheets and plates. Puuls
Copper Ingots, slabs, and sheets, new and
old
Iron anu m'ld steel, new —
Bars 1.
Nail-rod • . . .
Nails .....'.
Iron and mild steel, old.. .. .. .'.
Lead, In pigs, bar , and sheets . ..."
Steel ■
Timed pi, tes
Zinc (spelter) .. . '. . '. ..
Sundries —
Beancake •,
Beans .'.'*.*.'.*'' ••
Betelnuts '.'. ' ' "
Blcho dp Mar .. .. .. ..
Bran, rice '..'".** ' " ■•
Cereal.s — Rice and paddy. .. .. .. ' . '"
Chinaware, earthenware, and iKittery..
Cigars and cigarettes " Mille
^°^}- •; •, ■.'.■. Tons:
cotton clijin, native I'i.uls
" raw ■•
Dyes — Coal-tar products .. Value.
Fish and fishery products.. Picjis
Flour ■ ' ■ ,. ■
Glass, window •■ ■■ ^g^^^
Groundnuts .' p^^^,{^
Leather
Matches, vood . '. . '. . '. \] '_'_ [[ Gross
Oil, bean, Kroundnut. etc ' Plcul.s
" kerosene '.' .. Amer gal.' 1
Paper f Piculs.
,, ,. ) Value.
"='"""" fiouls.
Saltpetre ..
.Sandalwood !!!!!! ■■
S. ed, sp"imuin
Suifar, brown
white
" refined ■ • • •
Sulphur
Timber, hardwood.. .. V. '.'. '.'. V. ; ; '.; Cubic feet
T.'"''-'™'';- Piculs.
vermicelli and mao.^n>n'
TOttI
QuantU)
r. ValuB.
Hk. tla.
86,471
293. :i7
66,292
2>..')14
247.364
ll!l,4U»
141,21.1
3.273,371)
Total.
Quantity
Value.
Hk. tis.
1,2S3
29,396
3,122
73,S67
3.46<)
3,391
2,397
247
119, .'i60
12.S24
22.340
126,341
7,398
39.947
21.508
172,721
20,372
57, 523
ir.,248
235.526
2,201
26,362
20,1 :'9
204,435
67
2.743
l.i7,907
382,720
999,973
2.874.475
2S,.'i,^j2
.ri4,525
3.8.';-
137.720
2.310,1611
3,384,297
9,sr.i.46r,
2s. 312, 624
.■7,674
309,963
1,033,389
379,492
2,597,715
31,441
1.997,070
24,873
368.180
93,611
868,939
7.482,101
.138.040
2.022.134
10.38.i
93.519
1,S97,.'.24
X. 579, 086
■iO..-,13
3.121.476
1, .144.716
632,147
144,43.-.
1,137,078
7,827.017
5.468,114
66,548
543,635
5,- ,-2
87,.-.07
643.096
491
10.521
6,426
71,195
44,907
214,545
114,118
419.880
329,0.-0
2.280.930
2.i.3.-.3
225,130
4.314
.■.4,181
■■..'8.776
282,481
39.915
495 6;x
57,828
559 '
i-MPORTS OF KORKIGV f;OOnS.
As may be seen from tue above tal.l,-. the chief im,K.rts of foreign poods into
Wo ifT Kong are much the same a.s the roo.Ls which enter Shanghai and the other
ports ot (hina. and are comprised principall.v of cotton pieee-iroods. cotton varn
woollen goods. ,ro,. and steel and met.<,ls. hardware, timber. ma..hiner.. household
stores Uour. leather, -hinawa.e, paints and oil. d.ves and chemicals, kero8..ne ,.=1. soap
e:(?arettes. matches, fruit, confectionery and hisenits. Cxreat Britain is the chief
supplier nf cotton i.ie.>e-soods to South China, while a considerable busin.>ss is also
:" ■- „ . ,"""^ ^'='"'" ""'^ -T"!"'"- 'Ihe competition of tie 'atter country,
espieially in the coarsei grades of cotton cloth, has latelv become serious and has
created much speculati, n n^ardinpr the maintenance of the trade position of Great
Britain in the ( I...,,, market. Al«nit two-thirds of th trade of Ortat Britain with
12
South China is aeoountt'd for hy cotton and woollen textiles. Jnpan i«;'d the United
States have taken adviuitii>re of the oppopt\init.v presented by the war to enlarge the
market for their produi-ts in China. United St;itps firni-» have been making con?ider-
able headway in building up !.n extensive trade and hove been chipping large qupntities
of iron and steel and othe • metals, niaehinory, railway e<inipnient, hardware, canned
provisions, timber and tiour. The Jaimnose in South China have pursutd the
aggressive poii.?y of economic penetration, which also cliaracterizes their acti' icr in
the north. The province fif Fukien they regard as their GF"cinl sphert of inlluenc«j
by reason of its proximity to Formo.-ia and have been active in the buying up of
concessions -ind the instalhition jf elect -Val and other plants in this province. Every
effort has been made by the Japanese to increase their export* to South China. The
streets of ("auton and other cities reveal a arrcat viiriet;. of c-oods from Japan, including
all kinds of the clionp utensils and trinkei-i, which liavc su'a a large sale among the
Chinese. Among other p.-omincnt imports tnmi tlii- soup t- may be mentioned textiles,
machinery, electrical appliances, drugs and cicmiculs, hosiery, matches, flour, household
stores, beer, paper, chinaware, clocks and hardwarr. T'p to the present thi business
done with South China in Canadian products hus not Vwcii larp<:. A varying quantity
of Canadian flour has been shipptnl to the liong Kong mnrket in past years. A good
opportunity should be presented after the war for the enlargement of Canadian trade
in such lines as tlour, timber, iron and steel, canned . >vi-ic.iis. dried and salted fi.sh,
tinned milk, paper and leatlier. A consideration of tlie trmie witli Hoiig Kong in
each of these linos is given below.
DISTItlBUTION OF IMPORTS.
The trade of Ilong Kmig with other coinitries both in fi^rcign poods and Chinese
products is handled almost optirely by toreign merchant bouses. Tliese firms in many
cases have branch(>s throughout the country-. Although often devoting special attention
to certain lines, they generally deal in all sons of goods and are usually prepared
to take on any new branch of trade that presents itself. The native dealers at Canton
and other centres are often represented in Hon? Kong by brokers and make their
purchases through tliese iiiterniediaries. The trade in foreign goods is very
largely centered in Uong Kong. There are a few foreign firms at Canton, Swatow
and other South China ports, who order merchandise dire<-t from the countries of
supply, but their field of activity is limited. There is no api^arent tendency for these
other ports to become independent commercially of tiie Briti>h colony. The native
dealers by buying through Hong Kong hav.: the ehoic'c of a larger and more assorted
stock, while no other town is so well situated to serve as a distribution centre. The
trade of South China is also in large nicasure financed from Hong Kong.
niRKCT DISTItmrTlOX.
Foreign goods arc therefore mostly distribute<l by oative dealers throughout
South China, who obtain their supplies from the foreign merchant firms established
at Hong Kong. In certain lines, ho\>'ever. there has been a noticeable development of
direct business connections with Chinese in the interior. Such articles as kerosene
oil. household soap, cigarettes and sugar, having a universal demand and involving
the maintenance of large stocks are sold through the medium of an extensive organiza-
tion of native agents, superintended by foreign-TS stationed at local centres in all
parts of the country. In this way the competition of rivaK is rendere<l diflficult and
better control can be had over distribution. It is thought by some that this principle
could be extended to other lines and that foreigners should in general take a more
active part in the sale of goods to the Chinese. A better knowledge of the special
rpfinirementf of the m.irket can be acquired in this way. It is pointed out that this
policy <'an be associated with the buying of Chinese product* for export abroad along
the lines followed by the Germans. In the case of machinery, for instance, a staff of
trained Chinese engineers or mechanics under the supervision of foreigners is neees-
13
\"iew of the River Bund, Canton, t.Mliiy.
i he Hunil at (Janton 15 years ago.
5(J71G— 3
14
sary in order to thoroughly invcstitrntp the field and denioiiftrafe the maehiiies. The
prospeetive Chinew hu.ver In-fore plneiiijr hii» order liken to see the netual inaehinery
in o|>erfltion and not merely a jihotojrraphio representation.
It is prolmhle that in the future there will l>e nn extension of this princ-iple of
diriM't sales in the interior, but the jtreat majority of inii>orted nrtieles will no doubt
eontinue to be distributed by native dealers, purchasinjr supplies from the foreittn
merehant at Hon»r KonR. who takes no further interest in the Roods. The ton 'itn
merehant naturally prefers to leave the troulilesome details eonneeted with the c'is-
tribution of (roods to the native dj'alers. who thorouKhly understand the ways of their
eountrymen and the (•onfus<'d conditions result inn from the vagaries of the curreney.
etc. The foreiini business eommunity of Hour Knnjf take comparatively little interest
in the surrounding Chinese life and customs and nearly all business is transacte*! in
the English lanjfuaKe. The conditions arising out of the war are bringing about a
certain change in this resi^-ct and greater attention is being paid to the study of Can
tonese and other dialects. Hitherto with the exce|>tion of members of the large selling
organizations referred to. very few fon-igners trading in South China sp<ike any of the
I'hinese dialects. The need of a kiiowle<lge of the language of the natives is now being
more generally recognized.
THE TRVVSACTTOV OK BISINESS.
One feature of the way in uliicli business is condui'ti-d at Hong Kong is what is
known ns the compradore system, wliich is in vog\ie throughout Cliina. Thi* i« r. ,lly
a modern (lev.lopnuMt of the Co-Hong practi<-<< of the old factory days nt Canton,
when foreigners were connn(>d in tlicir il.'aliTigs to menibors of the trade guild. When
Cliina was openfnl t^. foreign trade by the treaty of Xiinking in 1S42, the foreign mer-
rbants found if convenient to continue the practic's tlien in use. As a con^,<|uence a
Chinaman of high standing was attiii'lie<l to each of the mercliant bouses and all deal-
ings with the native Chinese wer<> transacted through this officer, who was known as
the Compradore.
The compradores are men of uiKiuesti.niiibly higli chiiractcr and ample means.
They are intimately ac(iuaintcd with the business connections and standing of th' ir
customers and guarantee indnidual nc<-ounts. In return tiiey re<'eive a commission
on the total turnover usually amounting to ] p..r cent. The nianjiger of the f.reign
house leaves a frrcat deal to his compradore anil seldom sees even the largest native
buyers.
-Mthough nmch has Uon written i)re(licting the gradual disappearance of these
pr;o-ti<'<'s. It must be admitted that the I'onipra.lore sy.stem has proved to be of the
greatest utility an<l it is ilonlitful if it will ever be entirely superseded. The persomil
factor is of great importance in all business dealings among the Chinese and the
foreigner cannot be expected to have the requisite knowledge and understanding of
the Chinese character and methods to be able to do without the services of an inter-
mediary such as the comiiradore.
-NEW INKI.tEXrES.
The modernizing tendency, which is makitig its inHueiicf felt in all phast-s of
Chinese life, is having the result of breakirjg down the more conservative of the old
ways of doing business. The foreigner is finding that it pays to cultivate more intimate
relations with the native dealers. There is also the factor introduced by the moderni/ed
Chinaman who has learnt the customs and up-to-date practi< s of the West. Tl, e
men are .•ommen.ing to establish Im.sincss houses of their own. which deal dire,-t wi.ii
foreign countries. In some cases they are content to follow the example of the foreign
firms and transact busim»ss through a compradore. In other cases they devote the
••oiiiiiiiM^ioii wivc<l h.v <li.iii»r with.. lit a n.iii|.rn(lc.rr to pntcrf;iii.i|.K .IviiKr.- uiid in ..tli.T
wu.vH workiinf u|> ».u«iii.««, whirli tli.-.v iirc w.-ll cnialiH..<l t.. <|.. h.v rn.w.ti ..f th.ir
kM..wliK)ir<' ..f thr liiiitriititri' uml mistoiiw ..f thfir n)uiitr,viii<>ii.
A* Hii .•xn.i.i.l.. ..f thr .•i.t.Ti.riM' of th.- .M..<l.Tniz..(l 'chi.ir,.. hii,iru..-H man. in.-nti..M
may !«■ ma<l.' of th.- h.w u|.-to-<lat.- <l.'|mrtm.-nt -.t..r.'s at IL.nK K.<uk an.l Cant-.n.
Til.-,..- Mnrv^ .•ompar.' fav.,urahl,v with simih.r ••Htahlishm.'nt.-. in ..fh.-r .•..mitri.v and
a tfr.'at vari.-t.v of all kin.i ..f k-mU ar,' on -,1, . A. ,. rnh. th.-s,. rirms ohtj.in HU|.plir«
thr..i.|fh th<- f..r(MKn h..u«s at 11. .nK Konir. but also fr^in.'ntl.v -.upplfincnt th.-so .loal-
injrs l.y .lir.-<'t imiH.rtatii.n.. fr.im for.'iifii .•..untrics when r.M|uir.'.l.
Th.. numlNT of ^,i..h Chin.'... firiiw in S.mth China who .1,.„| ,lir....t with for.-iirn
c..nn.r,..s >s v..ry limit.-.l. Tl... jrr.-at l.,.lk of th.. hu.in.-s. is tr,.nsa.-t,.,l through th..
m.-.lium ,.f t »• f,.r..i^n rmn-liant firms. A .-anvas ,.f th.. I«r,r.. Chin.'s,. ,|,.„l..rs at Hook
h..n(f sh.,w..<l that v..r.v f.w ar.' pr..par...l t.. im|...rt k Is ,lir..<'t. ...■., wh-'ii law .,uan-
titn-s «r.. r..<|u.r.-.l. VaPi..us r.-asi.ns wvr,. triv..n. .•hi..f .,f „hi.h wr.- th.- .liffi.-ultv .,f
ol.taM.>i.|, mlr..ss if th.- k,h,.|s w,.r.. n..t up to sam,,l,. nn.l th.. lin.it,.,! financial m.-ans
at th.. .hsposal .,f most of th,.so .l.-ah-rs. Thos,. Chin firms who ,lo .iire-t husin.-sH
with for,.,Kn .•ountr...s ar.. ,n.-lu.l.Hi in th- list of im,.,rtin^r hous..s at llon^ Ko.ik.
wh.-h may U- ohta.n,..) l.y .m.-r.-st...] r;,„,nlia,„ ..„ applh-ation to the U..,wrtmvn. of
I nnl.- an.l ( omm..rc... Ottawa (n-f.-r fil.. Xo. ^'(KMm).
Water I.I.', opfusit.' Sljmii<i-n, Cant.in.
BWKINC K^.II,ITIK>
H..ny K.in^r in .•..nini..n with th.' ..th.-r tra.l.' <-<iitns ,,f tii.- Fi.r Kast is w.ll pr,.-
vi.l,-.l with han'.intr fa.-iliti.'s which cnahh. tiic C,iiia.liaii ..x|h,rt.T t.. .1.. husjiifss with
:,"""'/'''!,''" '.'" "''""■•" "'•• ■"'""■ »'•""■■* t'"'t "•<• .•ust..niary in th.- .lom..sti,' tra.l.- of
< ana.ia. I !,.■ im,H,rt..r. if of satisfa.'tory stan.liiiK. .•oniiiionly „p..,i> a .•n-,lit in fav,.nr
.. tl... ,.v,.rs,.as export..r at his }I„nfr Koiifr hank an.l i,iini...liaro pay,ii..|,t mav U-
ohfai.uHl l.y th,. . x,,ort..r hy ,l,.liv..riiiir tl... shipping .l..,-uni,.nts t.. his hank in Cana.la
tu;r.-th.r with a .Iraft at sis.'ht ..r up t,. nin.I.v .la.s. ,l,aw„ „„ tlu- import-r, the ,l,„.u-
ot t!,. .Ira t. n th.. .-as.- of .vrtain liru-s of tra.l.-. howwor. it is onlv fair that the
-n.H.rter sliouhl h.- pn.vi.l,.,! with > na-ans „f r.-.lr-s> if ,h.. ,.„.,i: ..ro vTLZ
r.(i7iii— aj
1«
Mniplo. There are atto((pth<'r 'hrce Britinh, two French, two Japaneup, one American,
one Chine§e, oni> RuMian, and a T)utch hank doin«r an exchange banking butineiiA at
HoHK Kong. The colony is provided with its own local currency, the unit being the
iilver dollar, which is subdivided into 100 cents and which has a value approximating
in normal times that of the Mexican dollar. The circulating medium is compri-<c|
both of bank notes and silver coin.i.
The monetary sy*tim in South China is as confused and non-uniform as in other
parts of the country. Productions of the local provincial mints and chopped Mexican
dollars circulate as currency, while the money of account is the tael of silver, also
vuriablo in different placi -. At Tantoii the standard is the Sze-ma tael, which is the
heaviest mercantile tael in China, weighit^ 579-86 grains, but of varying iineneiis.
' CHBDITS.
At the presi : r time business in China is conducted almost entirely on a cash
basis. This was also the case in the early days of the trade with foreign countriei*.
Towards the end of last century tlie Germans commenced to make determined efforts
to break into the trade already held by their competitors and as a part of their policy
introduced the granting of long credits up to nin« months. The firms of other
nationalities were conip«>llod to follow suit. This policy brought in a class of unreliable
native dealers and brokers of insufficient means, who otherwise would have been unable
to do business. As a result frequent losses ensued. After the outbreak of the war,
the liquidation of the German firms established at Hong Kong was proceeded with
and many illuminating facts were brought to light. It was shown that a considerable
business had been conducted by the Germans at a loss or on the principle of making
one department pay for another. It is unlikely that a return to these pre-war con-
ditions will be possible. In certain lines, such as machinery, credits will no doubt
have to be granted after the war, but only to a moderate extent and under suitable
guarantees. There is also no reason why credit should be withheld, when necessary,
from old-eetablished firms of unquestioned standing. Satisfactory references can
usually be obtained. The great bulk of the business with Hong Kong, however, will
undoubtedly continue to be conducted on a strictly cash basis. It is significant that
the .Tapanese who have most faithfully followed German commercial methods in other
direct) 'US, have not resorted to the granting of credits as a means of capturing trade
from competitors. The question of credits should therefore not deter Canadian firms
from seeking to develop business with South C! 'ua.
BXCHANOK.
All business relations with South China are greatly influenced by the fact that
Ok currency is on a silver basis. The exchange rate of silver in relation to gold
therefore affects all dealings with countries whose currency is on a gold basis. This
is one of the explanations of the great elasticity noted in the volume of trade with
China. A low rate of exchange prejudically affects iniiwrts by raising the price in
silver currein'y to the consumer. A greater quantity of silver is required to settle
the account quoted in gold of the overseas exporter. For the same reason an increas*)
in tlie quantity of Chinese products exported usually results from a low rate of
exchange, and vice versa, when the exchange is high.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR CANADIAN TRADE.
Canada is advantageously situated for trade A-ith Hong Kong. In normal times
there are frequent sailings from Vancouver on what is the shortest route across the
Pacific and all these steamers make Hong Kong their principal port of call in the Far
K«ht. In addition to fai" inil Ntfniii»hip«. there ure ii iiiiiii(«r of large cargo carriora
sailing between the two i-cu. The industrial progren. of Hriti.h ("olumbia mutt b«
niHuenc'd to un in.rcn-.inKl,v itreater exUiit by the advantagea for thu »hipment of
prodiirt* to tho Ori.-ntal market.. In the development of the Panama (anal route
the ea«tfru industrial di.tri.t« of C'onada will enjoy the nanie advantage* an the
eastern part of the United State-. The Canadian overland route ha* long U-vn
rufc-urded a^ the <hief means <.f .omniunieation for the de»pHteh of Hilk to the New
^..rk market and aU plays a prominent i.iirt ua a mail and pa»*nger route to Great
Uritain. Hong K.-pg is therefore brought into .lose touch with Canada in a variety
(•I ways. '
The growing sentiment in favour of the pureh..4e of British goods ^hould have an
im,K>rtant bearing on the development of rana.lian .ra.lo with S. uth China. Hong
Kong IS a Ur.t.sh eol.my and '1,.. hulk of the bu-sine,* is in the hand* of British firm^
luiKida competes with tl,. >„ ,,her eonntry in only n very few line,. There is there-
fore a prediy,sit.on on r e part of Hong Kong houses to establish eonneetions with
Canada for the imixirtati. :i of many ttoods.
Ca.mda produces many articles which are rtKjuired in South China but in certain
1 ne ditheulty IS exper.eii.^.1 in com,K.tin« with the United State. Japan and Europ.
On Uie other hand there are a number of Canadian products for which there is a g,rK
DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS.
TmportinK house. „t Hong Kong ..oini.lain that (^ann.liH.i exporters do not devote
enouKl, atU.nt.o„ t., the s,x.eittl rciuirements of the China market. The commer.-ial
pra.-fces ,n this part of the worl.l are peculiar to the F..r E,. r. They were establlshe
on^mally „. the early days of the trade principally l,y Bri.i.-l. tirms. and appn 1
should there ore exerc.se great care i„ the execution of orders fulfilling alwavs the
conditions stated m the indent. Quotations c.i.f. are hiphlv desirable in doi,!^
business with the Far East, since in normal times the ex,.rter' s in a bette p^ tit o
e-t,n,a e the reiKht and other charges to be incurred. The most common o.inplaiit
flpunst Canadian hrms is that they do not endeavour to buil.l up trade in a thorn ugh
manner, but often a p.. ar on y anxious for such casual business as mav be offer fg
^u.l, South China, should ..arefully investigate the conditions, sending over a per-
-onal representative, where possible, and then make their plans accordinfjlv If , L
d.-.red to appoint representatives, there are a nnmkr of firms o, ^ood^t.ndini a
Hon^ Kong who would be open to take „ a,..ncies or otherwise establish conne tion
a/ CanTd fi''"'""t '^' ''i' "^ ""'"^ ^'""« '^ <J'^»i"<-t ^'om that of Shangha
Ch na bv e?KrT '""''' " ""^'"'^'' '" •'"^"""•' '»'"' '^'^y ^«» J° business with Sou h
C hina by establishing an agency at Shanghai for the whole of China A lis" of the
princ.pa importing houses at Hong Kong and otiier p<,rts has been prepared and for
Tp";!: ti^i^.srrv; 'iSrVa':;"^' °"--' 7^ -^^^^-^^^^
!•
EXPO&T TRADE OF HONO F^^G.
Tli«» rliicf expurf* from IIoiik Kmijf nri' Riven in c npiwiidod talilcM, pr«pnrpd by
till' .\«ixii'intinii of Kxpi>rt<'rK iitni i-ovoriiiK tli' rx|M)rt to (iruat Kritairi, tlip Cotitineiit
of Kiir<>|n>, the Atlantif -tt-ulxiurcl ol' North Amvriou nnii tin- Pacific Hcalmanl 't' North
Aiiii'rii'u iliiriiiK t'lich of tlic five .vcnr». 1!»1."!-17. Qiiiiiititiei^ only of tin- various artidei*
t*X|iort<-il nrr Kivcii miii the iiroiincti of i-oiiiitrin^ itthor than Ciiina an- inc|iiilt><l in
theiM! tablcn.
AnothiT tiililc i'< ,'iUc iippiMiili'il hi'ri'with, which shnw't tiu> rx|Hirt in lIMit liy junk
and stunner, which came uinler the eonnizanee of the maritime custom*' hou^e* at
the Ireatv |>ort» of the ( antoii Uiver drlta. Nearly the whole of the export from tluwe
ports rt.aclie!i Honir Konu for »hipmi'iit ahnad. Thti-t in l!Mi! the value of the export
from the port of Canton direct to foreiirn countries* amounttil to ^H.OT.'i gold, a* com-
pared with an ex|Mirf I" IFonir K..n(r v.ducd at ♦4n,l>'n..'>l'< uoM.
^^''.W.'
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21
EXI'DIITS KIIOM PO[{TS OF CANTON RIVER DELTA, 1916.
Discription of Goods.
Clauifler of
guantity.
Animals, living
Huge of all kinds
Haniboos
Hricks and tllea
Bristles
Cassia lignea
Chinawiire, rarthf nware. and pottery.
Kkrs. fresh and preserved..
Fans, palm-leaf
Featliers. duck. fowl, t le
Firet'rackers and lirewnrks
Firewood
Fruits, dried and i>reserved
" fresh
(linger fresh and preserved
Mats
No.
Pieces.
Mattinn
Oils, essential
" expressed
I'aper
Samshu
Silk, raw
refuse
" piece-goods
Sugar
Tea, black and green
Timber, planks, softwood..
poles, softwood . . . ,
Tobacco
Piculs.
l*ie<:eH.
I'leuls.
rieces.
Rolls.
I'iciilS.
Set. feet.
Pieces.
. Piculs.
Quantity.
1,104.3J9
9.473,448
5,312.012
38,924.366
5,341
82,463
lS!).841t
25.951,079
53,089,542
16,344
97,192
l,45.-).il4
42.309
339. SS.-.
58,234
25,232,261
186, S64
866
30,093
113,986
42,190
39,752
29,816
8,103
54,068
53,697
5,147,268
555,950
106,866
Total
Value.
Halkwan Taels.'
1.383,796
505,404
95,513
257,994
764,100
616,402
955,590
379,248
448.949
233,201
3,084,094
773,863
518,681
635,:',50
181,105
1,681,540
1,309,916
186,751
318,624
1,339.301
217,138
31,235,627
2,391,519
7,137,280
286,758
1,430,085
304,483
418,923
1.719,775
• Halkwan tael = 70 cents, approximately at par.
Kuw silk is the most important article of e.xport from South China and is coip-
prised mainly of raw white silk from the Canton district. Woven silks are produced
at Canton and make up the second largest item of export.
Tea was formerly the main staple of the trade with Canton and in 18<K) contributed
50 per cent to the value ot the export from this port. At the present time less than 2
per cent of the value of the exports from the Canton delta consists of tea. The ports
of Foochow and Amoy have long been connected with the tea trade and depend upon
it largely for their prosperity. Amoy formerly did a thriving business in the blending
and packing of Formosan teas, but since the Japanese occupation of the island this
trade has diminished.
Although South China abounds in mineral wealth, the export of minerals has up
to the present not been large. Tin frnm Yuiian, antimony from llunan and wolfram
and molyhdenito from ivwantung are the principal minerals exported.
Another important export to which the Germans paid particular attention is that
of cs-eiitial oil and oil seed-; (scsamum and rape), wood oil, and cassia. This is a
Ijusiiie-^ which demands an extensive buying and technical organization and is being
taken up now by British firms.
Almost the entire export of firecrackers to North America originates in the Canton
district. .V fairly large quantity of bristles is supplied from S<iuth China, the pig
providing the principal meat consumed l>y the inhabitants. Kamie and other fibres
are shippcil from South Cliina ports and t)io business in these lines is callable of
develoiunent. Another export from the Canton ili^trict which may be mentioned is
that of diiek, goo-ic and other feath(>rs. A large <iuantity of riei' and ginirer is also
exported from South China to Xorth America.
A large iiuaiitity of matting, the iirodu<'t of the Canton district, is supplied to
the T^nited Stnt.-^=
:.tl71(!— 4
COLLECTION OF EXPORT PRODUCTS.
British firms have devoted their attention in the past chiefly to the export of the
main staples of tea and silk. The tea trade from China is now on the deeline owing
to the competition of Indian and Ceylon teas on the United Kingdom market and
Japan teas in the I'nited States. The business in silk has always been hijrlily specula-
tive, dependinsT almost as much on the cnurse of the exchanges as on the condition
of the markets. The Oermans came to the field rather late, when the tntde in teas
and silk had been already established along regular lines. They were therefore forced
to seek otlier outlets for their activity and as a result d. velopcd the cxixirt of the
various miscellaneous lines mentioned above.
The C'crmans organized the collection and buying of South China prod.u-ts with
characteristic thoroughness. A good example is afforded by the bu>iness in se-anium
and other oils. ca?sia, etc. The flernian firms dealing in these articles had their own
Weaving Matting. Example of Clilnosc Household Economy.
i;ative buying agents tlirmghout the country under the supervision of branches n:an-
aged by <iennans and a staff of trained chemisis to test the oil. Since the war liritisli
and .Xnii'rieau firms have commenced to devote attention to the triuU- in all kind< of
South China products and to work along the lines followwl by the fiermans. The
largest market for the<e products is now afforded by North America and this gives
American firms a certain advantage in the development of trade with South China.
Canadian- bav,> hitherto been content to purchase a large part of the Chinese iir ducts
which they re(|uire through I'nited States centres. The tendency is noticed, howevtr,
for firms in Caiuida to take up the importation of cenain jiroduets such as ginger,
rice bristles, etc.. to a greater extent than hitherto ami it is hoi)ed that these direct
dcaliiigs with China may increase. There i^ no reasmi for instanci> wliy firm- in
firitish Cohimbia shnuld pur<'hase Chinese |ir(idu<'ts tbrongli liou-es in Seattle or San
Franei-co. when the facilities fur direct trade through Vancouver are as good.
OPENINGS FOR CANADA.
The chief openings presented for the extension of Canadian export trade with
South China will be eonsidered under separate heads, piving particulars of the trade
with Hong Kong in those lines in which Canada is interested. These lines and the
order in which they will be dealt with are as follows: —
Flour, timber, metuls and maehinerj-, leather, paper, canned provisions,
fish products, tinned milk, miscellaneous.
THE FLOUR TRADE.
Hong Kimg is the must impiirtuut market for overseas flour in the Far East. In
normal times the import amounts tr) nliout r),000,000 sacks of 4t> pounds each a year.
In iiddition to being the distributiiiT centre for the whc.lc of South China, flour is
also reshipiiod from HoUK K.mg to the territories to the south as far as Singapore.
The Sliangliai flour market is sui)plied to an increasingly greater extent liy the product
of the lo<'al mills. Foreign flour entei-iiig Shanghai is also s\il>ject fo duty, whereas
at Hong Kong the position is rcvirsi'il, foreign tlour Uiiiig imported duty free, while
(^hiii ■>e flour has to pay an ex]X)rt duty when shippc<l to Ilong Kong from Shanghai.
Manila and Singapore, the other great trade centres of the Far East, are not so con-
veniently situated and liavii not the >aMic shipping facilities as Ilong Kong. The
latter jiort therefore presents the best opening for the sale of Canadian. T'nited States
anil -Vustralian flour in competition with the Asiatic product.
The following table of the total imports of flour into Hong Kong in recent years
was furnished by a leading imiKirter: —
1 '.1 1 i .
I'.i!.'!.
li'lt.
I'.n." ,
1!>17.
SacIiS.
.■..'l:'4.,".r,4
.'..!7i;,>;i':!
■::.<v.<.-::.i
l,i-'H.o:i:f
l.llTL'.nM)
K\(TiiHS (.OVKIfMNC IMl'OIITS.
The (piantity of foreign ilour i-inied in South China is subject to much varia-
tion. The ;iennind depends upon several factors, included among which are the rate
of exchange and the relative jirice ot flour as comparod witii rice. A low rate of
exchange and an abundimt crop of rice have usually been rcflecttii in greatly diminished
imports of flour. A low rate of exchange afltects only the imports of foreign flour by
rai-iiig the price to the consumer, and may have the effect of sti -.dating the sale of
flour milled in China. Similarly a good crop of wheat in tli.' Vai ..tze Valley and the
north eiKililes the Shangliai and otluT Chinese millers to comi)ete more effectively
against fori'ign flour. The demand therefore for overseas flour in the Hong Kong
market is related to three factor-: (1) rate of exchange. (-2) tl..' rice crop, (,•?) the
wheat ei-op in China.
CONSlMlTtON OF FUirn.
The consumiition of flipur in Cliiini is on the incrciiis<'. For many years the pfipu-
hition of the northern provinces have had to depend upon wheat, millet and other
cereals as their stai)le food stipply. rice not being cultivated and difficult to obt.iiu.
From tliese districts the haiiit of consunniig wheat has extended to all portions of the
MiTlf. — lA
24
country. The southern provinees, although still depending upon riee as the staple
diet of tlie people, ore now consuming liirtri quantities of wheat llour, both native and
foreign. Ihe Chinese do not use flour for making bread. Usually it is consumed in
the form of large flat cakes, which are sometimes fried in' melted fat or oil. Flour is
also often used to make dumpling containing chopped meat. A great deal of wheat
tiour is also consumed in the form of macaroni, which is a universal article of diet
throughout South China, being served with meat and vegetables in the form of stows.
For the manufacture of macaroni the grade of flour used is a good quality cut
off with a high i)erceiitagc of gluten, while for making cakes and dumplings a straight
run flour is employed. The proi)ortiou of straight run grades inipDrted into Hong
Kong as conqjared with cut off flour is alwmt four to one. Patent fl(-u is imp )rfed
only for use among the foreign community and the few well-to-da Chinamen who
have acquired a taste for bread baked in the western way. Chinese flour and some
foreign flour is graded into four classes, but there is little difference between grades
or the prices <if each grade. It is a mistake to assume that the Chinese market will
take flour of poor quality. What is required is flour of a good average quality, although
not high as compared with the quality of the flour consumed in Canada. Price is,
however, a far more imiwrtant factor than quality. If the price of the flour is high, the
natives will do without their ccos and consume more rice. This is seen in the great
falling off in the imports of flour into Hong Kong since the outbreak of the war. the
price of rice not having advanced to the same proportion as flour. On the oth. , and
there is evidence to show that, when the price is favourable, the habit of consiiUiing
flour is growing rapidly among the people of South China.
IMPORTANCE OF THE CROP.
In the sale of flour as of almost everything else in China, great importance is
attached to the "chop" or trade mark of the different brar '». For this reason it has
always been ditticuit to introduce new brands onto the market. The Chinese dealer who
comes down to Hong Kong to purchase flour is acquainted only with the merits of
well-known brands and in the long drawn out negotiations which take place at night
over the tea cups, the dealer usually turns a deaf ear to all quotations given l)y the
broker for the brands with which he is unacquainted. Similarly the individual ciis-
toni.crs dislike to jiurchasc a new brand of flour, when they can obtain one which they
have used and found satisfactc ry for many years. Certain Shanghai millers in order
to infoduce their choii on to the South China market subsidized bakers and the makers
of cakes and macaroni to the extent of 5 cents Mex. for every sack of their brand of
flour which they used. It naturally follows that when once a cliop becomes wi-U known,
lar- e sales are assured as long as the price is not too high. Thus an Anieri<'an flour-
milling concern used to dispose of over 500,000 sacks a year of their widely-known
brand on the llong Kong market. ,Just before the war the sales of this brand of flour
had licen reduced *o about l-.'.'i,<HM) sacks a year owing to the cumiictition <>( cheaper
Asiati<' flour. Canadian millers must be prepared to incur certain initial expenses
or even to sell at cost for a certain period in order to estal)lish their chops on the
market. They snould be on their guard, however, against the unscrupulous inqvirter
wlio often uses this difficulty cjf introducing new brands as an argument to obtain
flour at a low price; afterwards deserting the miller when the latter expects to reap
the reward of having sacrificed his proflt for the sake of ultimate gain.
SOURCES OF SUPPLY.
The outstanding feature of the fln"r trade in South China during recent years
has bet'U the competition of Asiatic with overseas flour. The Japanese and Chinese
millers have endeavoured to supidant witli their own product the supplies of flour
formerly inqnjrted in such large (luantities from the Unit 1 States, Canada and Aus-
■ -■llf ,
I
ir>iB.
1917.
Sacks.
Sncks.
I, ur,, 4.1.1
."l.no:)
2,'i.nno
922.377
♦l.*l()0
43.1:12
3:7,SOO
43.230
ll.s.-fl
1. ."92.233
l.fi72.0>;9
25
tralia. Owinpr to the high prices and export restriction.s in other producinjr countriea,
and to the hiffh freight rates, Asiatic flour has secured a temporary hold of the me-' st.
Japan now occupi.'s first place as country of sujtply, which for forty years had oeen
held by the United States. Nine-tenths of the imports into Hong King in 1917 were
obtained from Japan, while Chinese flour was supplied direct to the \k rt" of Foochow,
Amoy and Swntow. The lust year in which American flour came on to the Hong
Kong market in large quantities was 191ti. The following flgures ^how the sources
of the flour shipped to Hong Kong during the last two years: —
Unit.fl states
J.'tpa II
Au.stmlia ' '
h:\niehai [ ' ' ' ']
' '.iiiarla
Total
A cerfai,, qunnfity of Cnnadian flour was prol,„My included in the aniou.it
credited nlM.ve to the I nitwl States for the year IfilC. This tabic shows clcarlv the
influence of war conditions on the flour trade of the Far East and the ..hanging sources
ot supply. It IS of importar.ce to consider how far these changes mav prove
permanent and what are the op,K,rtunitics f„r the resumption after the war of large
shipments of Canadian flour to the Orient.
IMI'ORTS OF riflNF.SK FLOI li.
The Chinese mills arc taking advantage of present condition- to increase their
.«ales ,„ the various flour-consuming territories of the si.nthcrn Far East. The d.v-rease
in the imports of Shanghai flour into Hong Kong last year is neeoutited for bv the
short wheat crop in the Yangtze Valley and the competition of the Japanese mills
for available supplies. The first year in which Chinese flour appeared 01, the Hong
Kong market was 1915, when 200.000 sa.ks were imported. The following year the
( hmcse mills cut into the tra.le in the East Indies and the Straits Settlements very
succps.sf„lly and supr-lied Ho„g Kong with ."iTT.SOO sacks. The Chinese Government
recognizing the need of assisting the millir.g i- '..stry reduced the export dutv on flour
hv one-half or from 40 cents to 2'. cents Me.K. a .sack. In view of the shortige of
wlieat supplies, the Shanghai mills re unable to comi)ete effeetivelv in ]917 against
.lapan m the Hong Kong marl withstanding the reduced expoi autv The
ports ot Swatow. Amoy and F. which formerly were supplied with overseas
Hour Trom Hong Kon- haye fo, past three years imported mostlv native flour
.^lipped diroc't from Shanghai. Ti. - has somewhat r.'duccd the flour trade .,f the
liritish colony.
Provided the ^d.eat crop i„ the Yangtze Vall..y is favourable, there wouhl appear
t.. t- no reason why the Shanghai mills should not ship ... ur successfullv to the
Hong Kong market, and this is a faetor which Canadian ..xp>rters will hav,'^ to con-
sider att.T the war. It is probable that Chinese flour will represent the bulk of the
import-^ ibinng the jiresent year.
THE SII.ANCII.M .MIT.MXr. IXDCSTR*.
Hie flour mills in and about Shanglu.i are capable of producing SS.OOO sneks a
ni.N. Piovi.led tliat tliey can secure wheat in suflicieut quantities and at prices cpial
tlio.-e at other flour-produci,,^ centres. The wheat supply comes principally from
■ "'fjarent distr.. . . the siir].iii.- Top .•! (be northern provinces being almost entirely
■ uulit up I y tl, • .panose mills. With the increase in the jiriee of wheat and the
cessation of opium cultivation, t'
the area under wlui't should increase. Thi
.S'l^ ri-^ -
winter wheat is cultivated in oontral China, the tnip beinjf harvested early in June.
Owing to primitive famiinf,' methods the (train is usually dirty and often soft and badly
ripoT'^d. The acreage production is also very small. The flour ground from this
'^iii 1' "iierefore moist and of poor quality as compared with Canadian and American
ili» r. s suitable for the China trade. A few years ago the capacity of the mills
Vi's ; afficient for home retiuirements. Now there are sixteen flour mills in
» ■' i^i) I of modern equipment. The industry, hi' ver, has never proved very
pru. ■ .' Id to the mill owners. There arc Aao sever tl.mr mills at other centres
along the Yangtze river, while at Harbin in Manchuria the output of flour exceeds
that of Shanghai. Both spring and winter wheat is cultivated in Manchuria and a
better quality of grain is produced. The product of these mills does not concern the
present inquiry, since practically all the Chinese flour shipped to Hong Kong is
milled at Shanghai.
COMPETITION' OF JAPANESE FLULR.
The flour trade in South China during 1!U7 was really a contest between the
Japanese and Chinese mills. The flour industry in Japan has lately been making
great strides and is established on a strictly niii.lt rn basis. One of the most modern
mills in the world has recently been completed at Moji. Flour has been exported from
Japan to China, the Philippine Islands, French Indo-China, the Straits Settlem -nts
and the Dutch East Indies. Japanese flour is made from Korean and Manchurian
wheat and locally-ground grain. The proportion of mainland wheat ground is about
TO per cent of the total. A certain amount of North American wheat is frequently
imported to bring the flour up to ;he desired quality. The mills are therefore situated
at .some distance from their wheat supply, but most of them are located on the sea-
board.
A Hong Kong flour man who has recently returned from a visit to Japan and
Korea reports that tli" .Tapanese Government has made great progress in improving
the (luality of the wli. ,it grown in Korea, by instituting the policy of experimental
farms and the distribution of good seed. No doubt this policy will be extended to
Manchuria, where it is believe<l that with proper instruction and seed a grade of wheat
approaching Canadian can be produced. With sufficient supplies of good quality
wheat available and with the other advantages in their favour, such as cheap labour,
ciienp fuel and cheap transportation, the competition of the Jai)anese mills should
henceforth prove to be an important factor in the flour trade of the Orient.
Asiatic millers have the great advantage of being near to a market that can bo
reached by competitors only after a long and expensive sea voyage. This is the prin-
cipal reason for the large proportion of flour imported into Hong Kong from Japan in
1917. On the other hand the quali'y of Japanese flour cannot equal that of the lead-
ing Canadian and American brands. As stated by one importer, some of the Japanese
brands are of as good a quality as some American flour, but the general average is
consid.rably lower for Japanese flour. Many Chinese dealers would also prefer not to
deal III Jaiiniiese flour. Moreover the individual consumer shows a marked preference
for Canadian and American flour, if the price is not excessive. A leading Chinese
dealer pointed out, however, that price is the chief consideration and he did not think
that Canadian or American flour could compete, if the price exceeded that of Japanese
flour of the same grade by more than 5 cents Mex. a sack.
PItlCE — Tin: PI!1N(IPAL FACTOli.
It is evident from the above that Canadian millers desirous of obtaining a share
of the Hong Kong trade after the war will have to take into account to a greater
extent than formerly the competition of Asiatic flour. There will always be a certain
demand for Canadian and American brands on the ground of quality, but the ques-
tion remains to be considered as to whether it will be possible to ship flJur from (^anada
27
at a post whioh will permit of pflFtH'tivp competition against the produet of the Chinese
and Japanese mills. Most of the North American and Australian stocks imported
during l!tl7 were sold at n loss. The jiosition, however, was ahnormal as a result of
war conditions. Ameri.-an flour is now <iuoted at Uoim Konjr at a price ahout one-
third higher than that of the Japanese produ.-t. The mills on the Pacific const have
been shipping flour to Europe and restrictions on the export are now heiiiK enforced.
Trnnspii.'ific freight rates on flour are wlmost prohibitive. In view of the home
deniand and the hi)fh freiprh»s. it is therefore not difficult to understand the great
falling off in the Hong Kong trade in flour with Canada and the Tnit^Kl States.
POSSIBILITIES FOR SALE OF OVERSEAS FLOLR.
The general opinion among importers at Hong Kong would appear to be that
Aorth American flour will recover a considerabl.. part of the grouiul which it formerly
h.-i.l in this market. A great deal is said to dcpcn.l upon the demand for Canadian
and T lutcd States flour elsewhere. The Kumpcan <• .untrics in order to facilitate the
Ii.iui.lation of their war d.'bts are not likely to 1h> an.xious to buv uiiv more f,„.dstuffs
from North America than they .'an help. Tlw Canadian and American millers will
tlierefore !..■ forced to look to the Far East as an outlet for their surplus product.
One imimrtcr pre<licts that after the war at least Hftceii American mill rcprcseiitative^i
will visit Hong Kong and tlic other centres ,,f the Far East. Another imiw.rtiiig firm,
representing one of the hading braii.ls of American flour, states that thev were not
pessimistic as to the outl.x.k and that the milling .-ompany for whom they act were
prepared to take active steps to kee|) their '■clK.p" before the trade, believing in the
eventual openings in this market for tiie sale ..f Aiecricui flour. They also intended
introducing sev(>ral lower grades i-f flour f.ir cmiiiietitive ixirjioses. at the same time
maintaining the quality of their standard brand.
The iie.\t nio.st important consideration is that of freight rates. 1.. fore th<' war
the transi)acitic freight rate on flour was appro.ximately $5 gold a ton measurement,
which at 40 ;.neks to tli(> ton works out at about li'i cents a sack of 49 i-nuiids. In
191.-! the rate was down to $:! gold a ton and the average price of flour at Hung K,,ng
for that .vear was only a little over H gold a >a<'k. The average pr'''V f.,r 1917 was
approximately $±V2 gold a sack, with transpacitic freighti- ranging around iii;!n g,,ld
a ton. It is evident that the iireseiit freight situatinii r, ,k.r..i it \,ry difticult for
Pacitic Ciast millers to compete against Asiati<- ri,,ur. A :vla.\ation in freights is
lo..ked forward to by flour iniiHirters sli-rtly after the war ami it is believed that with
the freight rate down to .tH" gold a f.oi, wliich is dmihle the pre-war rate, supplies of
flour from North America will once more come on to the llong Kong market in lar-e
quantities.
PRESENT MARKET SITl ATlOX.
At the present time stocks of flour at Hong Kong are very low amounting to only
about 170.000 sacks and few .sujiplies are coming on to the market. This dullness is
a.'eounted for by the high price of flour compared with rice. People are doing without
their wheat flour cakes in favour of cheaper foods. The extent of the falli'ng off in
the trade may be realized from the fact that fuinerly it was not infrequent for Canton
dealers to iiurehase on the Hong Kong market 100.000 sacks of flour in one week. The
prospects for the wheat crop in the Yangtze V.-lley are good and it is expected that
the Shanghai mills will be able to sui)i)ly Hong Kong with increasing quantities of
flour towards the end of the y.'ar. The lolloviiife are the prices of flour quoted at
Hong Kong on May 17, 191S:^
Jap.-.m.se 2nd Patent ,:, ,„; m,^, a sa,-k.
^■""J •' -.1 M
.StraiKht ■, .;,,
Shaiisiuu ildur i 'it
Au-'tralian N'o. 1 o -,.
>^o- 2 ,...'.'.:'.:'.'.'.:::::'. ii ^
>«'0- 3 \ 3 „„
No quotation* were forthoomiiiR from ttie Tnited States or Canada. Canadi
flour was laHt quoted on the Honst Kong market at »4.40 Me:c. a «ack, but this w
towards the end of 1917.
lan
was
opporiTi xrTiKs voii CAwniAV fuur.
Enoujrh has been written to show that the Honp Konjr market warrants the enroful
attention of Cnnndinn flonr-niillers. Caniidinn Honr is well known in this nnirket iind
enjoys 11 ^ood reputation for quality. When first introdueed there wns a certain pre-
ju<lii-e iiK'iiinst ("nmidinn flour on aeeount ..f its eolour. whieh was slitrhtly darker than
the OreKdii an<l Washington flour to whieh the trade was aeeustomed. This prejudieo
no lonjrer prevails since the Chinese have learnt to recojrnize the sui)eriority of fl,,ur
milled from Canadian wheat. EnerRctic effi)rts are required to establish leaditiR
Canadian l>raiid> on the market. Importers urge the sending over of a Canadian mill
representative. thorouRhly conversant with the flour bi-siness, who could visit Shanjr-
hai. Hontr Konjr. Manila an<l Singapore and po into all points. Flour men from tho
United States have frciuently visited the Far East and several American comjianies
fornuTly had their own ajjents at IIomr Kon»r. The Fnite.i States mills are .■vidently
preparing' to make every effort to recapture their trade and Canadian firms should
not allow themselves to fall behind.
In r.ilt Cana.la supplied Ilonjr Konff with as much as 42:i,.l:i4 sacks of flour
Th. following year some HO.OOO sacks were .shipped, while for lOK) no Canadian flour
IS iriyen as havinp been imiHirted into IIonR Konp. althouRh it is probable that a
certain quantity of Canadian flour was credited to the United States. Last year the
import from Canada as shown abfive wiis 11.850 sacks. The Oriental trade should
appeal to Canadian millers since it enables them to dispose of the inferior prade.^ of
flour for which there is little demand at home. Canadian flour is frequently imported
into Honp Kons for the i,urpo.-e of filling the private brands of importers an.l dealers,
lliese private brand.s an- filled indiscriminately from C"aiiadiaii. Ameri.-an or Aus-
tra Kill Hour. In this way it is not always easy to distinguish In^tween the imports
of ( anadiaii and I nited States Hour. The private brands are use! by the importers
as a sort of lever apainst the producer.
RKLATIVK QfAMTV.
In all cases there is a dccidwl iireference nmonp the Chinese for Xortli Am-rican
flour, [he Canadian brands are considered suiicrior to iiuiiiy of those mille.l in tho
I nited States. Washiiifrton wheat is looked uixin as especially suitable for the mill-
ing of Hour tor the Oriental trade. On the„tlier hand the hiph penvntiipe of whiten
an.l the oth.T (lualitics of Hour milled from Canadian hard wheat are recos.„i/e,l by
tlie ( l,M,e>e. so that the Canadian brands are considered ..lual and in s.,ii.,. ca-.-s
siipenor m quality to the braixls mille.l from the softc-r Washington an.l Oregon wheat.
Ihe ( hi.iese .1,, not l.k.> t.> .hal with .lai.aii. wliil,. .lapaii.>se flour, nlthouph ma.le after
tfie most ni...hTn pra.-turs, is very often dirty. Chiiu-se flour is still dirti.T an.l of
poor ,,ual.ty as .M,nqmn.,l with traiispa,.ific flour. Sevral im|K.rters are of the opinion
that AustraliaM Hour w,l prove to be a more s.Tious competitor of the Canadian and
AnuTi.-an nnll, than will Asiatic Hour. Australian flour is of pood quality, but a»
a rule ,s ,i.,t mil .-d so s,.ientifi<ally as the North Am,.rican pro.luct. A preat deal
as,, ,1..,.,,,,], on the UMc,.rt«inti,.s of the wheat .Top in Australia. The foUowinp are
h. n..r.-entapes ot p utcn m the priiuipal Hours sold on the mark.-t: the..e penvntapes
be,,,. .le,lu,-te.l not by .■Iwinical analysis but from tlie douph by the svsteni kn,.w„ as
tbe ( liinese wet wash: —
99
Mtrnlfht run 'l •'«
•'"'■«''' '• •• '■ '.'■ '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. :: '.'. :: h'-io
Amertran —
Strafght run o.,.,,
f'ut-off '/ ' ', '■ ' '■ ■■ ' ■' ' ■' ■■ ■' ji-i^;!.-,
Asiatic —
HtralKht run ip 10
fu'-"ff ;; ;; ;; ;: :: :: ;; ;; ;; ;; ;; ;; ;; 22-11
Australian— -
H'ralKht run ,,^
SKl'l llINc; OK TH.MIK.
It is thus seen that Ciiiiadinii thnir slioul.l huvc a Rood o|i|K,rtuiiitv in the Iloiiff
Koi.sr nmrket after the war iirovi.lf.Ml that tho price is n..t tn,. HIkIi ami 'that the Cana-
dinn millers make an effort to (fo after this tra.U-. An eii.leavour should he nia.le to
tret the Canndian brands before the trade as soon as possible and a few shipnu-nts of
about -JO.im saeks eaeh would be sufficient for this purpose. A most important .'on-
Hideration is the securing of Ro,,d r.'i)resentatives. Before the war the bulk of the Hour
imported into Hoiijr Konpr was han.lhd prin<-ipall,v bv three firms, ea-b of whi.'h
inijK.rted in the neighbourhood of I.immmmio sa.'ks a .v.'ar. In view of the present sliift-
ing of sources of supply, man.v of the IL.iik Kong importers are free to take on the
represeiitatum of Camnlian r>ro(luces for business after the war. It is stronsly urged
that the Canadian millers should send over a capable mill man to iiupiire into con-
ditions on the siMit. Inifore giving their agency to any one firm.
XoTK.— A list of the i)rincipal importers of tlour into Hong Kong has Wen for-
warded. Canadian millers desiring a copy shouhl make application U, the Commercial
Intelligence liraiK'h, Department r,f Trad<' and C.mimerce, Ottawa. (File So. iTMHJlt.)
MARKET FOR LUMBER.
Hong lumg is not as large a market for soft wood lumber as Shanghai. Various
factors contribute to distinguish the tiinlier trade of Hong Kong from that of Central
and Xorth China. Owing to tlie more tropical climate of the south, a wood is re<iuired
which will not shrink and which is able to resist the ravages of wliite ants and other
insects. In South China. American and Japanese soft wood lumber has also to face
stronger comi)etition from the various hardwood tinil»rs of the east, such as teak,
Philippine and Borneo woods.
The annual requirements of Oregon pine lumber for the Hong Kong market are
said to amount to over 10.000,000 superficial feet. The principal users are thfi dock-
yard and shipbuilding companies at Hong Kong, the two largest of which take about
1,000,000 superficial feet a year each, while other shipbuilding and repairing concerns
also require large quantities. The bulk of the remainder of the Oregon pine imported
goes up the river to Canton and other towns, where it is used for the construction of
houses and boats.
Only a small quantity of Douglas fir lumber from British Columbia saw-mills has
been imported into Hong Kong in past years. Ihis has been almost entirely brought
171 hy one Inrge importing firm, which ha? its own raiiis in Britisli Columbia. There
would appear to be room for propaganda in favour of Douglas fir and the variety of
uses for which it can be employed.
30
CIIIKr WOODS L'SEO.
period:- ^ "'" '""*"• "^ t""^"- ■"«" ""„» Kon^ during that
cu. ft.
f>nk
T»ak
Dllier hnrdwocMla.
t>reKon nine. . , .
2,1I»
?.2tO,775
• 01,411
4<.U«
Owing to high freight* and other causes the qunntitv of Or..,n„ „"'"
last j-enr was le.is than usual and eummt 1^ f„L '•"»"'"? o' Oregon pine unimrted
of the „,arket for this ZZ A htrge amt, t f'T J'"T"'""? "^ '^^ '•^"''"'"enU
and repair companies Tor deck in ^0^^ ""^ ", "^ ''^ '*•«> ••''P building
furniture. Thi ti^r is imZoTfrot ^''"'''Tn ^''"'^ " "'''° "^"^ ^"' ""''«in8
logs to he sawn ,„. a7r<^uired The Philfnn? ""? ^""""- "'"""^ i" t^e form of
quality, but most of itTs inacces. Mo n^'^T'' '"lands produce timber of excellent
efficient labour is also Lde rnTrhfexpition"Tph"l ' • '° ^ ""'• ^'^"'^"^ »'
from the Philippine, is one of U.e chTef comSt^r. of n'^"'"' '™''"- J'"""" ^'^^^^
apigong is us«l largely for flooriL A sZr . / Oj«pon p.ne. while Philippic
principally for the Lnufactu" 'furniture BoZ'-" '"f '''"' " "'"" '""^'^
timUr for the Hong Ko„g market Thr " T'i,*'"''" '"""''' "^ ""PP'y «'
•pending large su,n. to d^velon the t;,n J •^"'"''"'"^"' "^ "'■'■"«'' ^orth Borneo i.
from this .our..e s likelv to nr v ' '"du«try of the colony and the competition
Borneo timber is . hnrtwood o L",!; ""^7*-'.^-'"' '" '^' *""'^ "^'- ^^l war.
located at eonvenie" t Ztnce from tb "k T ""]'' ""'"-^ '^"^"«"' ^""^t'^'" It «
tively low cost, norneo t^mler h ^V''fl'"-'1« ";>/«• »- l-rought out at a compara-
with ship-building and^^Si ^ndrS ^^^trt^TCer '" ^"""-*'-
IXCRE.\SIXO rSE OF NATIVE TIMBKR.
employed for sidi.ig in the enn-tr n, r I 'V ^""''^""^ P'ne «3 principally
other i.urn.Ke. f „. .. n ' ' "■~'""^""" .°^ •'""^'^^. »">» '* al^o used for a variety of
oon.trlt.,',-j,,;k^.,'\ '!"'', T^ - required. It has long been nsed for the
for <...ff„ldi ,.r Tn,,. r ^T'--'^'^" ^'^'"''"^^ P"'" "e 'lisplnein^ bamboo
^•'-' • pin.' will not :' a'Ced bv'wl 'L' T^t?""" '""^'- '''™ ^'"^"'^^ ^^'^
chi-u"i:;;:;'::ilr d,::;if:;rS"f"" ?" 't. -' 'Y '■■^"'''•""'^ - p-^ -"tunes,
periodic., 'K...:rr™:; ii;:::,^^/ii -s ^ni^ "^^71-^7 J'-:"'
compri-.e one of the few district, in .1 . / , • , " ^"^ °^ Foochow
The lo.s are .l„ated dow w ^ '. X Umean I" "''"' ■""''"' "^li '"' °'*'''"->'
Min river and it. tril„,f. ,.;„ V ^■^'^.'."'^"t "i''""^ ot communication afforded bv the
three ..nw-mi L "L 'a , Xnothe; ^n"^ °' "v'\' ''" f'"' *" ^"-•''"«- ^'l'"''
timber in flnna h-is hteh com e , ^rT-M^''^' f '^'- ^''^''' distributor of
.aw-n.ill at I^,,;d„niL" whereof "'''^'"'' "/ f ^"'■"'•^ '"■''^'^ «"'! '""dern
below l.-.,..,.ho„- Thi t3'„ cTne T'TT'"^' '""^ "'"' '^''''''"^"^' " '""^^
timber to II„„. Kon^ '^ '" '^"^ '"'^'-' """"'iti-* "f ""ochow pine
J.4PANESE PINK.
^
«1
•oft and not very durable wood. AltlioiiKh it cannot compiire in quality with timber
from Britith Columbia und other produciuK arcai, Japanese timber isi in demand for
purposes where a cheap wood i* required, si h as for railway sleepers, box wood and
wood for the small and cht-np chis* of houses which prevail to so lurifc nn extent in
China. From Japan timbf-r comes to Iloiut Koiiir principally in the fonn of lo^s
■quared in the rough direct from the forests. These are worked up by hand into
building nmteriiil as retjuired by native workmen. ()ret;oM pine imports on the otlier
hand oonsi.st almost entirely of heavy beams, plunks, boanls and bridge timber.
USE OF OREflON PINE.
The Douprlns fir or Oregon pine imported into Ilonjr Koiik i;* chiefly used by the
shipbnildiiiR and repairiu); companies for the lininjr of cariro hold.'*: for interior work
in cnhins. coilings. bunk siih'n. etc. In the con.struction of houi«e«. Doujrlas fir or
OrcRon pine is employed mainly for siiliuR. The Chinese require only rouKh tiniber
for buildi'iK purjtoses. Oregon pine i.'* not suitable for flooriiiR on account of the rnv-
atfes of white ants. A fairly larRC amount of DouRlas fir or Orejfon pine is used for
gt«Kiii>r. Junk: and sampans liave Imm u made from this wood, but F(jochow pine is
getieruUy used for this purpose.
Shipbuilders at Hong Kong state that tli.'y could use (freator quantities of Douplas
fir or OnvoM pine if th<' wood wius properly seasoniil. The shrinkatrc in Oregon pine,
which has not Ix^'u naturally seasoned, is one-(|uarter inch to a foot and ir this reason
is not verj- suitable for use in a tropical climate. The dockyard and shipbuilding
concerns at Ilong Kong have been considering the possibility of iising Douglas fir or
Oregon iiiiie for decking. They are an.xious to rcc-eive quotations on a consignment of
clear-grained Douglas tir suitable for this purpose. Hitherto the imjiorters hav.> given
little attention to this matter, apparently not wishing to order small lots of good quality
Douurlas fir when they can confine themselves to China grade timber shipped in large
lots Teak has hitherto been used almost entirely for decking. The decking eniplovcd
includes 4-incli, 5-incli ."iid fi-ineh plunks. One of the chief advantages in favour of
Douglas fir or Oregon pine is its lightness. This is especially important in connection
with the building of shallow dra\ight steamers. Oregon pine weighs JS to ;j-.» pounds
Iier foot as compared with .''>5 to (iO pounds for teak; it is also a very much easier wood
to Work and can be inqHirted sawn to the lengths recjuired. whereas teak and other
woods aro often sold in the f-rm of logs. For these reasons Douglas fir or Oregon
pine for certain )iurposcs is favoured by the dockyard and shipbuilding companies at
Hong Kong. Kjcporters of liritish Columbia lumber should inquire into the piw.siliili-
ties for partieii)atiiig in this trade, as with the advantages of cheap labour. shi|)build-
ing promises to be an important industry at Hong Kong.
(;r.\dks and sizes.
The Douglas fir or Oregon pine tinil>er imported into Hong Kong is almost all of
what is known as the (^'hina grude, which is a mixture of merchantable and Xo. :.'. The
sizes of i)lanks retpiired usually run in inches as follows: 1)> by 1; V2 by :.'; ]i> by .'5:
12 y 4; li' by -,; U by C, and 12. H!. Is. l'O. 22 and 24-inch logs. The average buying
price for Douglas fir or Oregon pine before the war ranges! from $1S to $22 gold iK>r
1,000 superficial feet landed in Hong Kong. Owing to high freights across the Pacific,
the present price is around $!tO gold. This price is very high compared with other
woods. As a result a larger j/roportion of F'oochow pine has been sold. In normal
times Douglas fir or Oregon pine can compete with Foochow pine in price, and at
the same time is superior in quality. I.auan timber may be considered the chief coni-
pelilur of Douglas tir or Oregon pine in the Hong Kong market. Other things l)eing
equal. Lauan is usually preferred ow mg to the poor grades of Oregon pine imported.
In 1016 both woods were selling for about ti cents ilex, a foot. As a rule Oregon
s^,v:^'»!mY5ii
by th« white ant i«v,t .,,,1 ,.,„ "f* '"^"'"y 'f"* I""* '• UK) hi^h. It i, not ndocted
-dH, .h......i ,.. ;..:; r'li,::':::::;' ,:;;:;'— ;:vi;- "'*.';.'• ro,„„.:.r;:3
hiKh n. ,.<„n,H.r..d with Or.v-n am.I \V,.,h., „, , ^"'"'"'"" '"»»'>"'■ hnv.- U^.„ u^
'•tvir own pr..iK;rl.v org»,w/,.l i„r thi* buiine,-.
HANDLING or LL'MIIKR ,m,.„bt thaDK.
and i„ othor producing countri^ ThesT fir, , \ I""''" '°"' "' ^'""•' "^'""i'^-
Pnncipn, centres „nd well orZW?rJ; If T/x''- ""'V'''''"'' ''""""'^ »» ^l"
covorin, nil important point, i, .he LtoHo t i ';;"7' '''"'"''•' '""'^•^ ''-'"•
ranad.nn lumber on the Hong K.mg m S 'on "'^ *" """^ ^'"" ♦»'«^ "«'«" "^
argonizntion and fncilitic, for CdHn^- 7^- 'T""^ ''''^°"' ''"'"« ^"''"
t»;o trade in Hritish CoI„n,.:ia lb ha boet" rs^"''r. 't i"""'"- ^" »»■« P"»
of rc,.re,ent„tion and the handicap under w^ h 1 P "r""^ T"' '" *'"' '"'•''
•n the securing of tonnage for the shinLrt of I, . T''"",' '"'"^ ^">^« '«»>""'<•'»
HAIUtEI POE KITAI^ ^ MACHIHEBT. LEAIHB «» PAPEB.
Thore IS
''hiiia
«u
a (fOOll OIMIliliL' flir ll,..
. ,-. i-. «...! St.:, ; , ;.,;■'':;::;;:;: „:^, ^'-f-" tmd. with
■•"•h in iron or., and ,„..,.r , .r' M '"""'""">■• Although
-^onnrct.on have only recently l,e^,„n to be L,. ''•"'"}'!•'" "*' ^^e country
•na will be able to s„p„ly JyJ,\V '^''"''"'"^^ ""^ 't "'H be many years
^.rcat Britain ^!tG::-l^^:,rZZ: V^ "- "-',-'"---»' fo"
'T metals to the Hon^ Ko J mnrketT, ' ""^ 'l'""''*""^ °^ "'"" ""''
.ncreas.ng dependence has been plnc,.l pon North V •" T"'* "^ ''"' conditions
products It i« probable that tl i/part of th f 1 1""?.™ ^'"" '^'^ '"f^^''-"' "^ 'hese
jource of supply f,,^ ,ome years to' come The 1^ "'" •™"*'""^ *" ^' *'"• --""
Kong expresse,! their desire to be nlnrnl ♦ l^'"" ""I^^t*"!? firms at Ilong
f.nds of iron and steel .oods A th' , ^^'e ".r:'',"':*? ^"-'l'- -Portors of a,I
arge rade in these products, Cnnad In firn sho:; u" " u*."'"''"' ^'^^'^'^^ "-y
fa.ry large business after the war n such fn^s "^^'"theless be able to do a
anjfles. rails and other iron and s e^^ prTd„ W" """ 7*^ """ "''"^' ''«-• ^^eets.
on V considerable export from Cana la ,.' IIo rr ' '""\'""" ^"""-"-^ ^^e
S ■!;=--;;-,:-;: :--- -"^:^::^. Jtv.! - s%s
^"-ay and industrial devolpment of ^^5^ ^li '^llt^r iijj;:;-^:
I
^i\A■.'
^■
V..'.>>-v.
Urge quantity ofiron .„d .trel .„d „,he, m«Ullic good, into Hong Kong ,„d (^.n-
IROM AND ■TEKI, IMfoBTH.
h.,f ^r'.-""','^ ,'"/*•* "'^""'""^ ^"""^ "' ''"" ""J ««■' "• i"'P"'»«l into Hong Kong
It I. in.portan ,r Cunu.lian .'Ximrfrs of iron und sfol product* to tho Hon»
Kon^ mari<ct to bear .n mind that tlie trade is n-gulated bv 'Hb n,»„7i a '
prevailing in Urc.i Britain and other European foutl. A, an 'n t n" '""''T'
^3 Le^...ard^. The coniiitS l^l^t:; in^ ^^^S^ i;r"S
-. otherwise the ■m,K,rter will bo caused a great deal of unneoes.^ re« on «nH
-tatai that North American firms would have to change their practieesif thev wT.l!
to secure a permanent foothold in the South China trade. ^""'^"'^* '^ ^''^y ""l"
The following summary of the chief assortments given in the list of a Hon„
Countersunk chequered-head wire nniU in koo-o ,f i ■ i
Hnc^with head. ..^d a.d .., tw! S ^rt^ VSt:t:^'£:-£:^ --
coii.^:'=t Ho^^s^ ^Sm ^t/s; :::i ti^' ^™" -'- ^" ^ ^"-
pounS'^^r wij::;;;;"""'^^ '" ^""^"^ "' ^"^ '^'^"•"^ -^ "p p-''"^ - -ii^ of no
Mild hoop steel cutting, packed in coils tied with cuttings, 5 feet and up
cwt. "t'intnZr'"' ' '"' ""' "•'• ''"' '" '"■"'"- °^ "''-^ "2 pounds, price per
112 ^zs'::'::::;;^' ""'"'^ '" "'"" ^°'-'"^' ''^"^'••^- ^-'''^'' - -^^ o^ about
Galvanized-wire shorts in catehwefght bundles of 112 pounds, unwrapped
Plain bamboo steel in 1 picul cases, lengths of about 33 inches
Steel-plate cuttings per ton f 2,240 pounds)
Round mild steel bars. 20 to 22 feet long, shipped loose, per ton of 2 '^40 pound,
. Kound n„ Id steel bars IS to 20 incites long, „rice ncr pi.!., n, h, nt f ■
1 piL-iii nrt, baLmi. l„use for small sizes) " ' """1'^= "i -""ut
of aW r'pS.lll^^bill^^i^S"^ '""'• ''''-' '"' ''-''' ^^""^^ ^^- ^" ^--I'es
34
one ptur',^tTa"a„:e1oo::)"''' ^^^^^ '"^^ ^"^'^ ^^ ^'^^ (-«» ^izes in bundles of
pric "r!!?^JS ;:"""* ^' '^^' '°"^' '^'^''^^ ■" ^-<^>- "^ "bont 56 pounds:
per tlroYir^ottnl"'" "'""' '" ''^•'* '"'"^ "" •'""'"- °^ «''-* ^^ Pounds, price
Chequered plate or floor plate, sheets shipped loose.
Steel joists, unpninted. per ton of 2,240 pounds
lineillS: oT'Zil^' '''-'"''' ^''^ ^" '' '-'^' -''^ - >^"-r, packed in tin-
per S:'i;'^:2;o';i:Ss „:;: '^'°"* ^^ ^^^ '°"^ ^" ^"■"^'- °^ "^'^ ^^ -»'- .^^i-
Mild steel plates,
one p'leu? ^'"' ^'"*^' '" '""'"^^ ^•''''' ''^- ■- "-'^^ '--• P-ked in hundles of about
wthtf ^j^;;::;rLs'i;"ei: " "''^" ^'^ '-'-• ^^^'^ '-- f^'^- -^ tied
iron and" sS^.:;;.::: I';:: 3 ti^r^t^S S^ 1 ^ 't::^'^' - "-- '^- ^^r
j.et. sp.,., „.e,.tion's,:o..,d ^^l^o'^f^ ^;t^.:::^z ic^:::^ r r-
bu,idu.p: companies, which have alwavs been considerable WIH ,^'''^ '""' ^^'P'
OrKMXGS FOR MAOIIINKRY.
The development ,.f industries in .South Cbin-i will ro .,lf • i
UKs „f machinery and appliances. Inquiries we n"veTtl"t"ir T' '"" "'I
( anton as to the i.o.ssibilitv of Cnindn «, n„lv-„ r<xine<i hotli at llouf,' Kona; and
wood-workin. machinerv ^L^, i n^ o Tl"' r '' '""'^ ""'' '"'l^'-^"^^-^ -'J
has hitherto been somewhat ret, I'db he Ur^T "^ '" " ™'"""'«--f'^i"« Centre
an important ndu-trial centra \fo. .• . • y- ''"^ ™'"i'y '= ••'"re to become
""Portant in the future vtr.it r^Zr'TZl met r"'",'" '"''" T"'"'-'^^ *" ^«
o.taMi.hm.nts have started \.p i^:":^^ trjSiT^ri^t T'^^ty"^
nniebmi's and machine to(,I« Tf,., = ,„, i -V " *" '^ demand fur
the va.i„us o,l"; tvn, In Soutl: CZ: ""' '^^ ""' ^° "^'''■^- '" " ^'"""^ ^•^''--- *«>
«n„t.i„ p„Hti.T;,',™,|„," "'■ "' '^'""""- '•"' ""■ l"""--™ »» "«i"« to ,he
suppi •
have
a lar^
manUi
3S
The exploitntion of the tin. antimony and other mineral resources of South Chin.
W.1I require the .mportation of mining took and machinery. There is also S h«
Tn'Str^tle^h r"u'°'" *°f ' """'""^'^ ^"'^ ship-chandTers- suppli^ i. Un^!
tion n)th the shipbuilding and repairing industry at Hone Ko„,r TV,? „ '^°""^,
7r:'':^'::-^^!:i Z^r"'''- ^-r use ahoaJd^ilfiLJ^^r:^ -
Similar^ .n : J"h t'" 7" T"'" 'T ''^'"^ ^"""'^^ "">ht he able to
. inilarlr :n . ■. ard to road-mai<injr machinery the requirements in the nast
fon 'ilinost tnt-ijy for machines r.f T!,;t;=i, .» j j '""cnis in me past
t- -1a v,.;.v r i' macnines ot British standard manufacture. There is
and the paiticuiar rc(;uirenicnts of the various districts. Thcr<^ shouhl ho two rnnlu
onKineers, one electrical, the other general to travel -.hn J tZ~fv a ^
the machines. It is not possihle to c mac ."c v o ic Ch'n T ^'"'^'f'''''''^
mum expense to each participant. ' ^ ^ "' "''' ™'"'-
LKATIIKK.
.r.ulJ-''n7l'M """"^ ''"'""'' ^T '"'*'' ^""^ 1^""" '■" ^"i°"« kinds of leather All
grades of leather are imported, but the market has special requirements with re-^d
to colour and weight. What is re.,uired is mostly lea her suitab ^rr the n Ikinf hf
hand of the special type of shoe worn l.y the Chinese. 17 1 c / f upp ' f thi
nuirket calls for leather of a light colour and of medium grade Vorth A nerTa so'^
leather is considered too heavy as a rule for the Hong Kong market. Most "f the
ole leather imported comes from Australia an,l weighs about IT to 18 pound: A
Tiic I'nin,! King:!.. ill, (;,.riiiaiiy aiid Australia wcv f,,>-i.„ ,-lv tl,
supply i^r tlie leather ini,.Hed into Hong Kong. 'tst::;;a ^ n^ LtiJ^'^^iSi^r
Owing to the prohibition of the export of calf leather from Australia box calf and
ole^nl TVT r "" t'" ""^ ^'■"'" ^''"•*'' ^'""''^«- ^^"-- kinds of upp " 1^ hers
-sole and split sides are also imported from the Tnited States but in relath-Hv "i aller
alTk ; r'of r'^'^r;''""""^ '"^r '^"''''^ °' ^'"•''^•■■"^ -l-'"*-- from "anar o
all k.nds of leather but principally for box calf. It was stated that all kindsof
^^ in 7 r '" '^^"'^'^?'' '>"' tJ"^ »>""< of the business is done in the leathers
uitablc for the special requirements of the trade as referred to above. Slersare
usually ordered by the exporter sending over samples, which are matched W the H.n!
Kong importer to ascertain which suit the r«,uirements of his ^u tomers Dealers
do not unders and the technical phraseology of the leather trade and hence prefer "
order by sample. Importers lay emphasis on the necessity for t.h« reonjirr^ty „' -hi^
ments in order tnat they may meet the demands of dealer/ wi thou t'defays. The names
of leading importers at Hong Kong may be obtained on application to the D^rt-
ment of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa. ^cpan
30
PAPEB RE<JUIREMENTS.
riS""'" "' '" '"" '"'"■" "" ■"-""■" '"■"■'• •■"1 l'«"" •« .«.»nT.. b"
Tlie fe'renter part of the business in paner witli Tlono- 1C^„., ; i
doujg hus.ness w,th Scnuh China, since this ma.ket offers T^te "droutleT fo I "
.ra.le paper of a speoial kind and a lin,ited sale f„r paper: ^f t'ent Tuality '"''
MARKET FOR CANNED PROVISIONS.
Canadian firms sliould
in various provision line
biscuit
able
■ng
>i^ able to do some business witli Ilonu
.^r'o^swim- T''-.i--'Ai'ii fvmr
TT^afSI'TCSl
37
and otlior kinds of tinned and imckapc provisions are supplied from ntlier purls of the
United Stnti'?.
Witli the spread (jf edne.itinn and ttie inerea-injr intluenee of Western civilization,
the Cliinese are takinp more to Knrnpean artiele^ of food and altlion-li ti.e native
diet will never he displaecd, the taste for western food as delicaeies is sur> o grow.
This will result in a preatl.v inereasiiiR demand in South China for various provision
lines whieh are produeed in Canada. A larpe quantity of provisions is also importefl
into Iloiifr Konp for consumption amonir the forei^'n population and for restocking
the Phii>s wliich call at the ijort. This latter business is by no means inconsiderable,
since most of the large mail steamers plying to and from the Far East take on stores
at llong Kong. Canned fruits and vegetables an-' jams have been shipped to lli.nt;
Kong from I!riti>h Columbia, hut much more eouhl be done by ('an;idi,in exporters
of provisions if they would ju-eiierly go after thi- tra<Ie. Australian firms have been
making great iirogre.^s sinee the outbreak of the uin- in the eanuing of fruits and the
making of jam. In this way they have bee i .able to displaee the -ujipli.s formerly
obtained from the Tnited Kingdnm and other >our<-es. At first there were e.^mplain/s
against the (luality. It i> now >tated that the quality of tli,. Australian produet ha-
greatly Improv..!, but that the packing is still .lefieient. -I'lie shortage of tin ba>
handicapped exporters in all producing countries. Plum, apricot, peach, damson
and strawlxTi-y arc ibc principal jams inipnrtcii from Australia. The quality f
Californian canned fruits and vegetables and the policy uf the exporter- in always
allowing for blown tin- [ind wastage by suiiplying adilitiomd tins is grc:itly com-
mended by importer-. The packing of the Calitnrnlan product-; is al-,, sai<i to be
Buperinr to that of the Au-tralian.
Hisf ens.
t
o
CI.
importanci
II' (bine-e hav.^ recently acquired a ta<tr for Kuropcan biscuit- :nA the jio-^i-
of the trade in this line arc very great. Canadian biscuits have been exported
Koug.^ but the business is at a .standstill for the present owing t,i the ditfieulty
ng air-tight tins in Canada. In view of the climate biscuits for the South
.iiarkct mu-t be shipped in air-tight tin-; and the packing i.s a tiK'tor n( preat
TiNNi:n ni Trii!.
There is a large import into South China of tinned butter from Au-tralia. Tui-
butter costs about 70 cent-. Ilk. currency, a pound laid down in llon^- K'ong. JI;,ny
inquiries were received as to the possibility of Canada participating in this trade.
It is <ioubt''ul. huwever. if tinned butter from Kastern Canada couhl -tand the CM-t
of tran-iDn to Ilotig K'ong in eomt)etition with the Australian produc't.
FISH I'ROPICTS.
A large quantity of imported dried, salted and canned fish is consumed in South
China. There should be an opening for fish exiiorters in British Columbia to get a
foothold in this market. Siberian canned salmon is svipplied from Japan, but the
colour is stated to be not sufficiently red. Kipi)ered herrings and herrings in tomato
wore formerly obtaineil from Norway, but are now snpplie.l by I'nited States firms.
The above fish are gold more as delicacies to those who have a<'quired a taste for west-
ern food. The large trade is in salted and dried fish for consumption among the
lower classes and good openings are thereby presented for Canada. The Chinese are
very fond of salt and the use of salteil fish enables them to ev.qde the exnetions of the
salt monopoly which prevails in China. The priiicipal salted fish sold are herrings
and shad. There is also a considerable trade in dried cod, sole and flounders. The fish
are usually sold at auction almost immediately after arrival. Large quantities of
38
salted and dried fish hnvp been shipped to the ITong Konjf market from San Frnneisco.
This is n trnde well worth iiivestifrating hy British Columbia firms. Salted shad is
usually imported into Ilong Konp in shipments of about 500 cases, each caw weighing
250 pounds gross. The price in Oc' ibcr, 1015, worked out to approximately .'H cents
Xroxican a ]>ound delivered in Hong Kong. The pri(;e for salted herrings was prac-
tically the same. This is just the right nrice for the .South Cliina market, where there
is a great and steady demand for chef; iish.
TINVED >II[.K.
Tinned milk is sold all over South China in large quantities. It has come to be
looked upon as an essential article of diet especially in families where there are
ynung cliildrcn. The total amount ul' tinned milk liandl.^d through Hong Kong
before the war is said t« have amounted to appro.\iniately 800,000 cases a year. The
chief demand is for evaporated .skimmed milk sweetened and made very thick. This
is very much sweeter and thicker than the tinned milk which is sold in Canada.
Condensed cream is im|)ortcd only for use among Europi>ans and the better clas.s
Chinese who have aciiuired a taste for tea served in the Kuropean way. The large
trade is therefore in sweetened tinned niilk madr "specially for the (^hineso market.
The trade in tinned milk as in the case of so many other articles sold in China
is greatly infiueneed by the conser\'atism inherent in the Chinese character and the
great reliance placed upon a "chop"' or trade mark. Before the war about two-thirds
of the tinned milk sold on the ITong Kong market was supplied by a company with
factories in England and Switzerland. This particular brand was known all over
China and it was difficult to introduce new chi>ps on the market. During the war
tliis company has had difficulties both in the milk supply and in the obtaining of sugar
.s well as in the shipping of its products to China. They have established factories
in Australia espei-ially for supplying the Chinese market during the present diifi-
culties. liefore the war this brand of tinned milk sold for $7.50 Mexican a case
wholesale, laid down in Ilong Kong. The present price is appro.ximately $15 Mexican
a case and it is stated that any further considerable advance in price would prove
prf)hibitive to tlio majority of consumers. Tinned milk is always shipped to TTong
Kong in crses containing four dozen tins. The second largest supplier of tinned milk
to the Hong Kong market has been an American concern, which controls factories
in (^anaila. This brn;id formerly sold at a higher price than that of the brand
referred to above, but was said to be of a little better (|ualiiy. Now that price for
both ari> about p<pial and the former company is working under difficulties, the hitter
brand has been coming tr, the fore. Tt has always been stated that a new brand of
tinned milk coidd only be introduced to the Soiitli China trade if the market was
understocked. The present disturbed condition of the trnde therefore presents an
opportunity for establishing an 'idependent Canadian "chop" on the market. There
is also an opening for the sale of con<lensed cream of Canadian matmfacture. Several
firms exi>ressed their desire to secure the representation of a Canadian brand of
tinned milk. In v'^w of the great possibilities and the magnitude of the trade, the
South (^hina market for tinned milk deserves careful investigation on tlie part of
Caiuidian firms.
MISCEI.I.ANKOUS.
In addition to the various linos dealt with in detail above, there are a great
many miscellaneous articles imported into Hong Kong v;hich Canada might be able to
sttpply. There is for instance a large trade in drugs and chemicals of all kinds.
Some business could no doubt be worked up in certain drug and chemical lines if
Canadian producers would get in touch with importers at Hong Kong. Paints and
colours, brushes, enamel-ware, tools and various small hardware articles present other
openings for pissible Canadian trade. The wearing apparel imported into Hong
Wri^
.59
Kong for thp use of the forpiffn oomniiinity lias hirherto been mostly of British manu-
fieture. but the diffioulty of obtMiniiipr supplies has In! to rortnin articles siieh as
hosiery, underwear, knitted iroods an<l aiti'.des for ladies' wear beine: imported from
the Utjited States. Canadian firms should be in position to offer most of these lines.
srccKSTIONS Fill! CANMHAN KXI'illtTKIlS.
The following sunRestions to l)e followed by Tanadian ex|Hirters desirous of build-
ing up a trade with South (Miiiui were jfi' en by leading importers interviewer! at Hong
Kouff, Canton and other jiorts: —
Qiiodtlioiis r.i.f. lloiiii A'"'ii/. irln'ren'r j iixsihir. J'nited KinK<li>m ami (i<>rm.in
firms have been in tiie habit of so ((uotin;; anil in n<irnial times the exiK>rter ean esti-
mate the laid liown eost better tban the imixirter.
('ai-ffiil p.ri'iiitinn of orilfix. Tlu' enmli'ions stited in the indent should be el.i-ely
followed.
l'r<>mi>f iji'ciilion 0/ onh-rs. Failings in this re>peit nn the j)art of I'nited States
e.\i)<)rters since the war due to coiiKestiou unti otiicr causes has (jreatly hindered
developn'cnt of trafle witli that country.
(liantiiui (if iVhhouiiIh. avnidauce of ti.xed prices.
f'arf in cslitlili.'iliinii (K/ciki/x. ('anadian expnrtiT- siiouhl avoid frrantinff atri'neies
to firms alreaily handling tlieir i)articular line and wlio wish to disarm cduipctition by
takiuK on other a>;cncies for the same line.
Tiiiili' lint in Cliint'si' hiwiiiaijc I'rintinl in simple lanj?ua)re and in the Chinese
style, illustrating what Canada <'an offer an(' {living the nimes of suppliers.
TRADE OF THE OUTPORTS.
The chief treaty ports of South China were iiutlined previously and
it was jKjinted out that commercially they are subsidiary to the British
colouy of Hong Kong, which serves a.s the trade centre for all of that part
of China lying south of FoochoA-. The importance of Hong Kong in this connection
is not likely to be superseded. There is little tendency for other {Mirts to establisli
direct connections with foreign countries. This especially applies to the trade in
imported foreign goods. Dealers in Canton and other outports have the ciioice uf a
larger assortment of stocks through buying in Hong Kong. 'J'hey usually have a
broker in the latter city through wliom tliey transact their business. One broker
may act for as many as five dealers in the outports. The advantageous situation of
Hong Kong gives the pet a predominant im.sition as a distributing centri'. There
are also many other advantages in favour of the British colony whii-li make it doubtful
if any other South Chiiut port will ever seriously challenge its supremacy in this respect.
It ia for itistance com]>aratively cheap for commercial firms to op<M'ato in Hong Kong.
Taxation is low. tliere is the relative security afforded by British rule, insurance
rates are l^w and excellent and cheap banking facilities are available through several
competing institdtions. In regard to export trade there is a certain amount of busi-
ness done direct with foreign countries in certain lines from the more important
outports on tile coast, sucii as Canton, Swatow, Amoy and Foochow, but this direct
trf.de is insignificant as compared with the quantity of South (?hina products handled
through Hong Kong.
W-^.^m^mit^"
iu
CANTON'.
Canton is tlie large-t city in South China witli a population variously estimated
at from ^,ml,lm to :.',5(HI.(J<)(). It has Iour been tlie principal .-ci't of ^'overuinent for
Soutli C hina, formerly comprising with Tientsin and Nanl^iuK one of tjie tliree great
vict-royalties of China. Canton is an important indu.strial centre and its situation
at the point, where three main trade route- converge from the cast, north and west,
drives the city an important position in tiie dome-tic trade of that part of the country.
Tliere is a prettil.N Uiid ovit foreign >ettlement, which was created in IS.'.'.I \,y the
emhanking and reclaiming of a mud Hat half a mile hmg and a fifth .,f a i. Ic'widc
and known as the Shnnieeii. P'our-tifths of this reclamation was iissi^rned na a British
concession and one-Hfth as a Kronch eonc(-.^ion. The foreigner- living horn compri-e
a self-governing comniMnity to the tiunihcr of ahout 1.,"<I(>. (),i the Sliaim en are also
e-tahlishcd nuist of t]w hranchc-s of the foreign firms doing husincss in Canton. Thero
are practically only three local foreign firms in Canton, the rtmninder 1 eing branchea
mostly of Hong Kong houses. The names of the three firms refernd to may be
obtainc<l iin application. The value of the foreign trade of Canton for 191G was
given in the customs returns at lOO.OSl.&JS Ilaikwnn tnels. The principal exports
are -ilk and its products, cassia eggs. fans, leather, -traw mat-, mattin;.' and paper.
>»>- .f» •<*•'
•< »- ' »
W^^ i
TrcMty I'l.rt .>f W uchou . West River.
SW.\TOW.
Swatow i> a hu-y Iiitl,. port, being the gateway for a fairly extensive hinterland.
Tins hinterland is a stretch of territory extending from north to south and bor-
dered by two ranges of hills, one of which cuts it off from the ports of the Canton
Kiver delta and the other from the ports of Fukien— .\moy and Fooehow. This
explains the relatively large foreign trade of Swatow as compared with that of the two
latter ports, the following being the figures for 19X0:—
Haikw,\n taels.
t."'°l n.397..5«2
^o°'-'*^ow 20,114.610
41
The district back of Swatow is a Itirjre importer of beans and boan-eako and also
of rieo, althoiifrh rice is produeod in tlie ilistrict a< well. Tiie ataiile . xpcirts are sugar
and tobacco. The making of jjrasscloth is an important industry in Swatow. A Rrcat
number of coolie emigrants leave the Swatow district every year to work on the rub-
ber and other plantations of the Malay Straits and the East Indies. The savings of
these eoolies considerably augment he purchasing power of the district.
The town of Swatow is prettily situated on the flcn River four miles from the
mouth. Thi -e is a very good anchorage for ocean-going steamers. The foreign com-
munity Hves ."or the most part on the south shore of the river across from the town.
A railway is in operation which connects Swatow with Chao-(^hao-Fii, the chief citv
of the district and situated H\ miles awny.
AM'iV Axn Fooniow.
The trade of the ports of Anioy and Fooehow is greatly on the decline with the
falling olT of the traffic in local and Forniosan teas. Formerly the bulk of the tea
grown in Formosa was brought to Amoy to lie blendwl. packed and matted. With the
development of the port of Keelung by the .Japanese this trade has di.sappeared. The
falling off in the demand abroad for Foochow tea has similarly dealt a severe blow to
the trade of that port.
The harbour of Amoy is one of the best protected on the coast, there being both
an outer and inner anchorage. There is a fi>reign community of nearly 2,000, who
live on an island in the harbour across from the Chinese city. As in the case of
Swatow a great number of coolie emigrants leave Amoy every year for the south.
There is still a fairly considerable trade done at Amoy and the names of local import-
ing firms established at this port may be obtained on application to the department.
■ Foochow is a large city with a population of CiiS.OOO. It is the capital of the
province of Fukirn and is situated on the ^lir. river at a distance of 34 miles from the
sea and nine miles above Pagoda anchorage, the liighest point reached by steamers.
The foreign population is about 8O0 and the number is <' linishing with the decaying
trade of the port. Supplies of foreign good> for Food ■ are obtained partly from
Ilong Kong and partly from Shanghai and the port is siti ated at almost an equal dis-
tance from both centres. An important industry at Foochow is the manufacture of
junks, Foochow junks being seen all over the China coast. The province of Fukien is
regarded by the Japanese as their special sphere of influence by reason of its proximity
to Formosa and great .Tapanese activity both commercially and in other economic
directions is to be noticed nt Amoy and Foochow.
HONG KONG TRADE RETURNS.
As already stated a special department of the Ilong Kong Ciovernment was formed
a year ago to supervise imports and exports to and from the colony. Up t^ this time
the only trade figures available had been the returns of the harbourmaster's depart-
ment, which gave only a slight indi<ation as to the nature of the trade of the colony.
The first returns to Ije made available by the newly formed imports and exports
department are the figure? for the imports into Hong Kong during the four months
ending December 31, 1917, and the exixjrts from the colony for the second half year
of 1917. These returns are given below. They do not include (1) cargo brought to
the colony for transhipment only, or thro\igh bills of lading: (2) goods imported or
exported by the Colonial Government or the military or naval authorities; (3) goods
imported under general licenses, which comprise the whole of the imports from the
Catiton Delta and West River and a portion of the imiwrts from China Coast iwrts,
south of Shanghai ; (4) exi>.)rts by junks or railway.
IMPORTS FOR THE FOl'B MONTHS ENDING DECEMBER SI, 1917.
„ ., Clanlflrr of
H*adln». Quantity. Total.
Bulldinc material* —
rrl^^n,'""""" P'~*«- «■»»••
oXan,.edwlr.me.h-.. •:.•:.•; "'ly- "•"»
"".r-^HZ' v. v. •.-. •.•..„uare fe,t. ««""
Pl»te „ ■iiinKi
Mlscellaneou. ;.■.■.;.. ..value. tie.m
Timber (hardwoods) —
Oak
Teakwood.'.' .■.■.'.::::: cubic feet. ^^ 2.119
Hardwoods (other) '■'■'.'.'.'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ■• "70M39
Timber (aoftwood) —
°"'°" "'"* " 46.166
Chemicals and drufra
Acid, hydrochloric p,eu,g -273
n'tric ■• 130
" sulphuric ■ .. ,■;,
^;;it^ '»"'"> ■:.■;.■.•.■.•.•.■.•.•.;; ;:v«iue. „,!"
Bieachinif- powder:: :: :: ;: :: : "";:'"'■ *-i^
Borax ,. 'f'?
fn-^PhT :.■.■.■.■. ••■■■•••.. 1"
Olycerlne ., '^2
Phosphorus „ ,,,„ »,»„;,
Po,a.h chlorate Of:. •;.-.•. v. v. v. ;-:::;:;:;;. vS:; '"ii^
Soda ash..' ..•.;•.;".:■.:■ : ^*""'' »«"."8
carbonate (common soda) .. "* "il"' I ill
caustic .. ;■:"'
Sulphur ., '''^^
Chemicals and drags (other)V. '.■.:.■■..■■.;■.■.• .V ;: /.value. 1303.416
ChiTi^se medicines —
*^^ird,inioms , ,
ri„n.-,mon ■ . ■ ■ . .' I .' : .' I . ' I ^ " "-"^
Deerhorn , •„.'■"*
OInseng ''',''*■ .':'*•'''
Musk. .. .. :: »1.210.352
Ca.«isl.i ■.'. ■. „ ,, ''^r
Senna leaves : .". ., •J'SJn
Chinese medicines (other).. '.'. '.'. '.'. .'. '.'. .. '.'. :: :: :: •• $2 908 023
Dyeinif and tanning materials —
?^n!r^;;::;; • •; 'x-'- ^''."o
f'smbler -.; .. 1'""
Indigo (artlflclal) .. ,~7,a
(vegetable) .. ^^-',1
Mangrove bark ., ro -ii
Oallnuts .. '■'■'"
Safflowcr '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. •• r
Sapan vood .....'.. ■• <> <til
Dyeing and tanning materials (other)'.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'. '.'.value. %9i.lU
Foodstuffs and provisions —
Beans (broad) ,^„,g
(green) ., t9 -ar.
:: z"^;i ::::::::: ■• 1?:^
• other) .. in«i7
•■ <T>-o6unsy :: :; - .. *i'iii
Fish and fifshery products —
Agar agar „ ^j
A-.v;tbi .. . .. ,
B?che de mer .. "•,":
Conpoy "..:.': .. ,«,?
Cuttle fish .. g •*^;
Shark 11ns ;• ;' •■ •• .. ''^•^"
Fish and fl.shery products (other) ..:::: " 117:»21
43
IMPORTS FOR THE FofR MONTHS EStHNG DECEMBKR 31, li«17. — Continued.
ClaMlflfr of
Heading. guantlty. Total.
Flours —
RIc* flour •• 405.441
Rice meal (rice bran) " 111,844
Tapioca flour •' 22,3.->!»
Wheat flour " lt!.^,453
Wheat bran •' 189. 59S
Flours (Other) " 8,412
Oraina —
Barley
Maixe
Pice (broken)
(cargo).
(ftlutlnouB) . . .
(red)
(white)
In huak (padl) .
Meata —
Bacon and ham lb.
Beef ••
Sugar piculs,
Veitetables (fresh) —
Garlic ••
Onions "
Potatoes •'
Frt'sh vegetables (other) '*
Vegetables (preserved) —
Vegetables (dried, salted and pickled)
Vegetables (tinned and bottled) "
Miscellaneous foodstuffs and provisionR —
Birds nests lb.
Biscuits "
Butter "
Cheese "
Coffee "
(."ondlments value.
Confectionery and sweet meats lb,
F}ggs piece!".
Fruits, fresh and dried piculs.
*' tinned and bottled lb.
<;hee •'
Ginger piculs.
Jams and preserves lb.
Macaroni "
Meat and fish (tinned and potted) "
Milk, condensed tins.
Mushiooms piculs.
Oatmeal lb.
Sago piculs.
Sausages lb.
Soy piculs.
Tapioca '"
Tea ■'
Vermicelli *'
MIsce.Ianeous (other) value.
Fuels —
Charcoal piculs.
Coal tons.
Coke "
Firewood piculs.
Liquid fuel tons.
Hardware —
Brass nails, rivets and wire piculs.
Brushes value.
Copper nails, rivets and wire piculs.
Crucibles value.
Iron nails piculs.
Iron and steel safes value.
Tinware piculs.
Hardware (miscellaneous) value.
1,932
r.i,47K
1,074, SIX
333,747
26,S6«
911
2,2or>,42S
2
325,794
100
1,104,D.S4
:.73«
23,781
23,077
884
6,299
175
7:i,331
23,119
37,721
41, SIS
3.',S,«47
»17,133
Ii;0.322
D0ll[341
19,(10
10 3, 3. -.7
4s,4ir,
17:!
.■.3.2J7
32,490
231,ri.'<9
8,00ri,994
S,S31
2sr..49r>
1.012
84,090
2.-iS
l,7fil
11,175
42,920
$593, 7118
0,317
32s»,lfi2
3,512
9,227
«,287
736
t7,908
737
»7,101
15,314
}7,37S
523
161,14.'
44
IMINIRTS KOK TIIK K0I:R MnSTIIS F.NDINO DECRMBKR 31, 1917. — Continued.
ClaMlflpr of
Headlnr Quantity
Machinery and envlnra—
Eniriiira, Internal rnmbuatlon and pKinta *'
" Mteain, othor thun loponiotlvps "
Machinery, agrli-ultural Implements "
" propelllnK, other ihan Internal combuatlon
er fines and parts
IndtiNtriui **
ahlpa
" sugar "
" sundries ••
Metals — Brass —
Brass and yellow metal, bars pirula.
" sheets and plates
'• tubes and pl|)es "
(other) "
Copper —
Copper bars *•
" sheathiK "
*• sheets and plates "
" tubes and pipes *'
(other) ••
Iron and steel —
Iron and steel, angles and tees "
Bamboo, steel
Iro nd steel bars '
" " castings ••
" ryllnders (empty) "
" cuttings "
" " hoops
joists
" " pigs and kentledge •'
" " pipes and tubes (wrought) "
" " pipes and gutters (cast) "
" " plates
" " sheet (black) "
" " sheets galvanized (corrugated and plalnl. . "
Tool steel •
Iron and steel wire " •
" rope
new (other)
" old ••
Tinplates ••
cuttings "
I,oad —
Lead, pig "
(other) •■
Tin-
Tin slabs and ingots •'
Zinc-
Zinc bars and rods ■•
" sheets and plates •■
" or spelter (other) ■■
Metals, miscellaneous —
Antifriction metals . ... •'
White metal '.'. '.'. ' . . ' ..
Antimony regulus and crude
Pewter .•
Quicksilver (mercury) ■•
Mineralu and ores —
Iron ore •
Molybdenite . '. ' '
Wolframite .'.' .'
Total.
il>!,UO
tl2.<l4ll
M,3a»
12.270
ISS,7S3
I2S,431
112,040
$172,523
ISl
2.ii4:i
32
1,«38
«1«
39
29
234
1,414
18,890
41
92. 590
3,573
47
3.360
1,137
4.eA«
40.07R
5,4»2
342
99.471
i.nriii
2,029
30
11.074
2. ,'37
18,950
30.891
Cri.446
1,361
15 793
1,393
60,357
11
324
530
423
9
<.T0<
«
8
4.M4
4S
IMPoRTH FOR TIIF FfU R MONTH* ENWNO DECrVRKB 31, ;S ' 7.— Continued.
C1u»lfl*r of
H»din>. Quantity Total.
Nut» »nd »e*di —
roco»nut»..' .1 ,V''iV,
I'eanuti .. ,„ »,o
NuU (other) '"•""
8«rd»—
AnKMd '■ '•*!?
Ur.,*^ .. "
Melon .eed ., ♦•»!j
Rriamum leed _^ I'tf,
Seed! (other) '■'*'
Animal fatii and oil* —
l^''"vr:. :::.::■:.::::■:::■:.:::::: :::::: I 3.|
Tallow '9-
Mlneral oIIb —
Benilne gallonB. SS.r.M
Keroacne " ■,'?.•„,:
I^ubrlratlnit oil " '^"' i»
Wax. paraffin P'cul". 10,022
Mineral olla (other) «alloni. 48.00j
Vearetable oils —
Cocoanut oil P'"^"!" ''"^J
I^lna'-f'l oil ;. Ill
Peanut oil , 'III
Seaamum oil 'H
Wax. vegetable ' ''J';!
Wood nil " J*0
RHsenllal olla ' ^"^
Vegetable oils (other) " *''"
Palnt»—
Paints v'llue. *-*y~l
" antlfouilni; " $2,342
wood preaervlnit patents " "^0
Putty lb. 17.096
Tar value. $2. ••on
Turpentine " «:t.649
Varnishes " 114,r>S7
Vermilion picula. 28
Plece-itoods —
Cotton plece-KdOds pieces. 1.700,751
Ducks !;nd canvas grey yards. j27,308
Handkerchiefs dosen. 75,419
Towels " 12S.17a
BlanketG (cotton) pieci-s. ]0fi,4I0
Cotton piece-goods (unclasslrted) value, »15.234
Woollen piece-goods " $.'30,013
Blankets (woollen) lb. 44,109
Woollen goods (unclassified) value. $113,230
Silk—
Silk piece-goods piculs. 2,41fi
Nankeens " •'•*^1
Silk good.o (unclapslfled) " *'
Railway materials —
Iron and steel rails " .. '?5
Miscellaneous value. $2,475
Treasure — ., n-^-oi
Gold, bars and Ingots $l,9^.2,i91
'• coin (British) " 'l' 'I
" coin (foreign) " $4,602,742
•• leaf ;; tlO.n*
Silver, bars and InEOtn " $36,985
" dollars (Hong Kong) "' $li).»UO
dollars (Mexican) " $13. 486
dollars (other) " $567,466
" subsidiary coins " ^^,1 7,119
Banknotes " $305,520
Copper cents " $3", 953
46
IMPnR-ra rOM TIIK rDIH Mi>!4THII ENIHWO DRCBMBKR 31, 19X7.— Conlinufd.
HMdlnc
V»hlrl»«—
Uli'yrlr* Hnd trlpyrlM, .
CarrlaKr*
Molar r»r»
Motor cyrlm
Tlrm (rubber)
Whirled. mlBr»llani>ou*. .
Cluninar ot
tjuanllty
Wmrlnj apparel —
Boota and iihoM Hcathrr)
" (cloth) '. .'.' . ,' ',' ••
" (oth»r) ■' "
Hutu (ThlnMir) ' v»lu»
Hutu und raps (rorelgn)
"°".-'->' ■ ..■ .'.■ .".■ .'.■ .'.doien.
8hlrtii
8lnKli>t« ............'. "
Sult». rrady-made ....!........ •■
Wfarln» Hppar«l (other) ..valun.
Sundrlm A —
A»tii'iitoa
Anjihalt products '.' .',' .".' .'.' .'' '' ..piculs,
Arma and ammunition —
Cartrldgci). sporting value.
Sundries B —
Baica (Kunny) pieces.
(other kinds) .■
Bamboo and bamboo ware value
Beilateada (metal) ....,.....,, pieces
Belting, machine (leather) value
"O""- ■ '.'. .'.piculs!
Books and music value
Bottles, glass (empty) '
?°»" '',""«•>'> ..gross.
Braid. Mama Jalue
" straw ..
BrMWB ;■.;■.;■.:■.: :/:: •.■.'.•.• ::picuis.
Buttons (brass).
piculs.
.value.
Sundries C —
Candle.s
Casks
Celluloid .'
£!:'"''■• •• ■'..■■..'.;■.:■.;■.■■.■..■. .'.piculs
Charts and maps value
China ware (coarse and One) ••
Clocks and watches pieces
Coffin Planks ■.•.•. • • value:
Corks
Cork '.".".'.'.'.'.'...'.'.'.■■. ••
Cosmetics and perfumery. ...'...'.' vnln.
cono..r.w. ■; •• ;;;;;Xu.
(sewing) ,
Covers (bed and table) ' " ..
Cutlery and electro-plated ware.. .. .. '.". \\ \\ " " >■
Sundries D —
Diamonds ».
Di.sinfectanta .■
Sundries E: —
Earthenware
Electrical accesROUes
Embroidery
Emery and similar abrasives.
Enamel ware
Blasting powder
Firecrackers
Gunpowder
Total.
I4,4«»
IDOT
t5].7>i:i
♦ "«,"i77
tl5.S4l
tl.ZSt
i:,.i;3
43.2<1
tl«.320
I17S.ITH
1S7.72*
20«21
72.551
2.331
t«0.041
131.743
2'|.185
• 3
5,4«4,30>l
87.a«»
154.79!)
823
166. 64:.
2,on>i
J39.192
1114.421
2,133
$7,179
• 400
2.17
13.332
1,741
120
1281
25»>
<92B
$322,44ti
27,202
tlOU
li.-io
$111
$39,813
9,103
$450,288
$17,905
$37,772
$29,2.-.7
$4,195
$12,285
$S54,72(
Sg.S7S
$5,622
$145,570
$7,81<
$89,951
$35
-':iUi^. 'mk
47
IMI><>RTA rOR THK TOUR MONTIIH KNINNO DKieMRKR 31, I'JIT.
Htsdins.
-Contiuurd.
Ciauin»r <ir
Quantity
BundrlM F —
Kfeulhrra (iluek unil fowl) pk-ula
(other kind*) "
Felt and fait ■hrathlnca value.
Fir* bricka pUi'e*.
" rl»y picula.
Flaaka tail kinda) Talu*.
Furnltur* "
Fun "
BundrlMi O —
Oaa flttlns* "
(llaaa. K-rap picul*.
Olaaawara valu*.
(llu* picula.
Oraa* clolha *»''"•
fiuma and rvaln picula.
«lur cloth yard*.
(iyt picula.
Htindri <
Ha. .ahory value
Halt, hjmati picula
(ather) "
H#mp (tnanlla) picula.
" (other)., ,. "
" rope and twine
HIdee and iklna —
HIdea, bufTalo
(foat. ahepp
•• horfle, asa. mute
" anii akina (other)
cuttlnga "
Hope
Horns, tiuffalo and cow
" Jeer
Hose (canviia and leather) value.
H'^'usfhold atorea
Sundrie* 1 —
Inatrumenta (niualoal automatic) ■• "
( muMlcal )
and apparatus (sclentlHc)
Is'nftlasa plculs.
Uory
• ware val'ie.
Sundries J —
Jadestoncs (rough) "
Jewellery (real and linitation)
Joaa sticks pictils.
Jute "
Sundries L —
Li-e and trimmings value.
Lamps and lampware (other than electric)
Leather (sole leather) plculs.
(Imitations) value.
manufactures (not Including machine belting and
boots and shoes)
Sundries M —
Machines (knitting) "
(sewing) "
M. inures (animal and vegetable) plculs.
Matches gross.
Matchmaking n-aterlals (other than phosphorus and chlo-
rate of potash) : . ..value.
Mats (other kinds) pieces.
Matting- value.
Mirrors and looking glasses "
Total
7n
2,7t»
tS4
si.as*
1.9I*
t>l.l2«
133, 23<)
tK.STii
It7,ll<l7
tso.im
3.«1S
134. «0<)
10.SB7
1S.7S0
4,000
2»5,39'.t
TOI
127
13, 2H
17,1(81
.x247
24,(04
1,><«
fit
1,(33
10,372
34
<35
324
tl),J04
17.057
J2.7SO
112,175
116,732
216
218
«9,560
13,000
120,173
80
4.500
120.352
• 73.033
25,C30
t2,35S
$41.S12
»47,797
• 60.111
10
1,150.807
$54,482
735.529
139.363
til. 489
48
IMPORTS FOR TIIK FOI H MONTHS ENDING DEl'KMBER 31, 1917.— CVlhuUPd.
Classifier of
Heading. Quantity. Total.
Sundries N —
Nets and netting (fishing) plculs. 11
Sundries P —
Paper (Chinese) ■. j uj
(foreign) .. 27 202
■■ news (old) .. 38 941
„ ■ . W*™ .. 7 jgg
Pearls (real) y„lup $S 423
Photographic chemicals •■ $l'295
goods •• 156 058
Plants and fiowers (living) .. 110 618
Printing and lithographic materials .. .',' •• |39[403
Sundries R —
?"K» plculs. 338
I^"""* •• B8.225
Rattan furniture value. 15,319
Rope (other than hemp or wire) plculs. 67
Rubber (raw) .. -]
manufactured (not Incluiling tires and boots and
"hoes) value. $29,592
waste and old piculs. 513
Sundries S —
Sa'* •• 141.992
Sandalwood •• 4,830
Scales and balances valui'. |1«,107
Ships' gear (not specially mentioned) " tl,826
Shocks and staves, for caskmaking •• 85S 422
Silk, raw plculs. ' 24
" waste •• 33
Silverware •• Tim
Soap (common) value. iAVi.nts
" fancy and toilet ■• $G3.198
Si»-rch plculs. 3,819
Stationery value. 1118,916
Stone (not otherwise mentioned) •• 1953
Stones, precious (not otherwise mentioned) •• J2,080
.Sundries T —
Telegraph and telephone Instruments •■ $7,005
Thread (gold and silver Imitation) •• $12i720
Tobacconists' sundries ■• |2l!900
Toilet requisites ■• $25^147
Tools, hand " $12 779
Toys and games ] ■• $132]403
Trunks and suit cases •■ $3,536
Typewriters and access*'ries ■• $2".'414
Sundries U —
Umbrellas.. . pieces. 70,749
suncfries value. $102,276
Sundries W —
Waste (wool) jnciils '>
" (cotton) •• 1459
Water (aerated and mineral) value. $3,s,'i4
Wood-pulp _, •■ ilTO
Woods (not specially menlloneil) ..plculs. 30 706
Woodware value. $14!973
Wool (raw) plculs. 1,247
Sundries Y —
Yarn (cotton .. 155,881
" (woollen) .. jiog
Buildini; materials —
Bricks and tiles Iiitcis. 133 084
^«'"f"' ..plruls! C..'.4!i;4
Galvanized wire mesh <• 045
Gl.ass, sheet F,iuarr feet. 1,137 S.iB
'''■''■' ■• 2nfti439
•Granite pleu's. 24,OS0
IMPORTS FOR THE FOUR MONTHS ENDING DECEMBKR 31, IHI' .—C ontinued.
Classifier of
Heading. Quantity. Total.
Hardwoods —
Hardwood cubic feet 102. ^178
Oregon pine , . ■• 7,ri45
Teakwnod " .IS. .LIB
HardwcMids (other) •• 47,292
Softwoods^
Amerlean pine. . " 1.2S0
China fir •• 27.B74
Softwoods (o'her) " iiii,l22
BulldinK materials, niisivllane'tus lother) value. $2^,004
Chemicals and drui;s —
Acid, carbolic pioula. 14
" hyilroohlorlo " 6.S32
" nitric " .-).l
sulphuric '• l.fiei
Acids (other) value. $117
Alum piouls. 10.22S
Arsenic •' 49
HleachioK powder *' 7i(j
Borax " 1,1175
(■^alciuni carbide ■' l!323
*'amphor " ,'>02
Oas (in cylinders) value. J.'iS.l
fJlyi'erinc picula. 32
Phosphorus ■• 41
I'otash, chlorate of " S13
nitrate of.. . .• " 2.'>2
Quinine value. $24,221
Saltpetre piculs. 1.96S
S<ida ash " 3,.')l.'i
" carbonate ■' ij,934
" caustic " 1.740
Rodlum silicate " S4
Sulphur '• 1.4fin
Chemicals and drugs (other) value. $21i:,n71
Chinese medicines —
(-ardamoms plcuIs. l.HH
Cassia value. $2S0.494
Cinnamon piculs, 314
Cloves " 14
Deerhorn value. $3S,79fi
Ginseng " $247,S(iO
Musk •' $150
Turmeric piculs. 1.368
Chnese medicines (other) value. $4,091,897
Dyeing and tanning materials —
Aniline dyes '■ $1,539
Betelnuts piculs. 24,071
Cinnabar " 124
Cutch " 898
(iambier " 7S1
Indigo (artiflclal) " 30
(vegetable) " 158,856
Laka wood " 184
Mangrove bark '• 42,959
Myrobalan " 530
Gallnuts " 8t0
Safflower " ij
Sapan wood " 11,380
Dyeing and tanning materials (other) value. $244,005
Foodstuffs and provisions —
Beans, broad piculs. 1,493
" green " 23,982
yellow •• 42,44<
(other) " b},284
50
IMPORTS FOR THE FoiR MONTHS F.NDIN(: DF.rEMnr,R 31, 11)17. — Continued.
Headlnr.
Pish and fishery productB — -
Agar airar
Awabi
Bfche de mer
Conpoy
Cuttle flsh
Shark flns
Fish and fishery products (other).
Flours —
Klce flour
" meal (rice bran)
Tapioca flour
Wheat flour.
bran'.
Flours (other)
riasslfler of
Quantity.
Total.
IJiU
1.4T(
»,t(4
90S
4.192
1,3H2
37."i.452
7,729
S41
5.085
im.su
l.2fi.1
5,606
Grains —
Barley
Maize
Hloe. broken
*• carpo
" Klutinous
" red
" white
" in husk (padi) .
Grains (other) . . . .
2,559
57,458
8ni<,45e
14.214
77,722
63,956
i.:.t;i,234
870
4
Meats-
Bacon and h; ;i
Beef
Game
Meats and fish
Saus.'iKe!* . . . .
(tinned and potted).
173,597
783
1,010
22S,196
558,644
Sugar —
.Sugar candy pit-uls.
moIassc.« "
raw. . .
refined .
103,918
6.722
42,810
2,348,171
Vegetables, fresh —
Garlic
Gnions
Potatoes
Fresh veRetables (other).
54,717
26, .•.42
17,641
51.046
Vegetables, preserved —
Vegetables (dried, salted and pickled),
(tinned and bottled)
."ill. 984
3,422
Miscellaneous —
Bird's nests lb. £2,092
Biscuits " 107,451
Butter •• .'.9,658
Cheese •' 111,063
Cocoa ■• .''111,133
Coff.»e '• 11.077
Condiments value. $98,342
Confectionery and sweet meats lb. 732,603
Bggs Iiieces. 14,227,349
Fruits, fresh and dried jiicuis. 165,865
tinned and bottled " 5,457
(?hee " 697
Ginger " 12,989
.lams and preserves lb. 246,804
Macaroni '• 158,316
Milk, condensed tins. 13.211.811
Mushrooms piculs. 8,295
Oatmeal lb. 51,123
51
IMPORTS FOR THE FoiR MONTHS ENDINU ;)KCEMBEK 31, 1917. — Continued,
Classifier of
Heading. Quantity.
Miscellaneous. — Con.
Saro piculs.
Soy ••
Tapioca ■*
Tea "
Vermicelli *•
Foodstuffp and provisioTiK. miBcellanwms (other) value.
Fuels-
Charcoal picula.
Coal tons.
Coke •'
Firewood piculs.
Liquid fuel tons.
Machinery and engines —
h^igineg, internal combui«tion value,
" steam, not specially mentioned "
Machinery, afcricultural ■•
" propellinR, other than Interna! combustion
engines and parts thereof "
for the textile industricp
" for brewinjp. distiliinK. and nu^ar refining.. .. •*
" ships
'* other kinds and purts thereof
" toolH "
Metals and minerals —
Brass —
Brass and y*'now metal bars j^iculs.
'■ boiler tubes
" nails, rivets and wire "
" sheets and plates "
(Other) ••
yellow metal sheathing
" wire ••
Copper — ■
Copper l)ars ■•
nails, riVfts and wire ••
foil "
sheets and plates
sheatinR. .
tubes and pipes ••
'• (other)
old ' •■
Iiuti and steel —
Iron angles and tees ••
" bamboo steel ••
" cuttings
" cylinders "
" hoops ( hoop iron ) •'
" joists
'* nails •<
" jiig and kentledge
■' pipes and tubes
" pipes an<i gutters (cast ) ••
" plates and sheets
" rails '•
" safes value.
" sheets (blai-k) piculs.
" sheets (corrugated and plain)
*' boiler tubes
" and steel sheets, galvanized "
" and steel sheets, tinned
" tool steel «'
'* wire rope ,
" (other) "
" (old) ■■
Total.
2,935
22.359
23
r.4.047
«3,892
$3t;i.fi79
95 S
22.113
1.090
l.THT)
655
$12,922
$1,392
J'i4n,9i;3
»4,49:i
$1-.-.
$27.2r,S
$104,970
»9.7r,8
I.fiS2
292
1,42S
7S0
2.137
1,782
414
7.10
612
2
944
88
42
1.243
335
S.12B
3.091
12S,492
l,.-|3fi
r..ssfi
1.034
2,291!
3.0,".r.
TO. 01.-,
Sfi.434
1.9»i6
57..>i34
fi97
114,298
S
.■.n.-i
Ii62
.■iri.9S4
297
23.fi72
IBS
9.492
82,24.->
62
i.MPOR < FOR THE FOUR MONTHS ENDiNO DECEMBER 31, 1917. — Continued.
Classlfler of
Heading. Quantity. Total.
Lead— .. , .,,
Dross „ i'°"
Ore *•"**
5sier.;.v.v. ■.'.•.• " ^.'^
Quicksilver and vermilion —
Quicksilver " JJ*
Vermillfm ^•"*
Till —
Slabs and ingoU [] ^I'l^l
T'n."'" .: '-Ill
•• ore
Zinc —
SO
Bars and rods ,, . ,J,
.Sheets and plates .. J'"i
Other *•*"
Metals and minerals, miscellaneous —
Antifriction metals " 16 <163
Antimony ore „ ^•' .
rcKulus and crude „ 2'""
Manganese ore ^^ '•
Molybdenite ,. j^J
Pewter „ ,.
R^^'sar .. 706
i'o"'" •. m
Tinware.. .. j „j
Tinplate cuttings ,. ti
White metal „ . ,"
Wolframite '■*'*
Nuts and seeds —
... . . '• 5,337
S°'^°='"'"« •• 156 138
Peanuts .. tx '\in
Nuts (Other) "••'"^
Seeds —
Aniseed ,. , „gj
Melon seed ., 'i'ni»
Pepper „ 8 956
Sesamum seed „ lo'nui
Seeds (other) '"•'•'
«
Oils and fats —
Animals oils and fat»— _, ^.,
F'^h"!! ■• .. 3353^
li^.y.y.:/::/:::::. :::::::::: : *• ^.o"
Mineral oils —
„-_-,ne gallons. 9.698
J!™*'"* •• 2,181,550
Kerosene .. can 7Q«
Lubricating oil „ ^^"'•'jj
wax. ■parafflS";'"!*- ■.;■.: ■.;•.•.■ .V :: :: '■'■ '■■ ■"■ 'picuib ^.m
Mineral oils (other) B*"""'' "•»"
Vegetable oils —
Aniseed oil PK^.!'"' ^'^^
Cassia oil .. , "?
C.woanut oil .. ''•"'"
Colza oil .. ,,,,
F>sentlal oil .. '•}"
i;'"«««^°!l :: •■ 62,686
Peanut o,i „ • ..
Sesamum oil „ . oo»
Wax, vegetable ,. ,*•*"
Wood oil .; "•"«
Bssentlal oils (other) . ''
Vegetable oils (other) ' ?•*"?
Tea oil *''^'
-lP^«AiTr..*=.fflB
ftS
IMPORTS FOR THE Foi'R MONTHS KNDiNCi iiECEMRKR 31, 1917. — Continued.
Classifier of
Heading. (Junntlly. Total
Paints —
Paints valui", *310.4»7
Putty ">• <52
Driers value. l8o
Tar " V,.:<:><i
Turix-ntlne " L'l
VarnlHhvs " I4«,«5'J
Treasure--
Coin, bar anil ingol.t value. i3,:,iJ,2H
■■ coin (BritiHh) " $24».24;
" lOin (foreign) " J4.13S,0»2
■• leaf '[ ''•;"'!^i;:;i
Silver, bar and ingots " t'i~i>,-i'i
dollars (Mexican) " JlT.sTO
dollars (other) " $2,116,101
subsidiary coins " |>. 792. 871
Bank note.'? " $215,051
Copper cents ** $20,688
Veiiicles —
Bicycles ;■_ I-'.SIJ
Motor cars " $3,y9 1
Motor cycles " $4,228
Tires, rubber " $4,941
\'ehicles, niiscelianeoui-: " $2,988
Wearing apparel —
Boots and slioes (leather) pairs. 11.920
(cloth) " 12.s,3K7
(Other) ■' .Mr.,ii.'i4
Hats (Chinese) value. **.'••*'
Hats and caps (foreign) " $l.i3,836
Handkerchiefs do«ens. 71,256
. Silk shawls value. tI6,SM0
Hosiery dozens. 622, .'144
Palm-leaf raincoats " 1,226
.'Shawls (cotton) " •''•<■"*
Shirts ■' :^»0<
Singlets " 124,..!*2
Suits, ready-made " .,N.19
Towels •• 238,554
Wearing apparel (other) value. $283,2.8
Sundries A —
Asbestos- " $14,567
Asphaltum " $5,336
1 $2,421
Ammunition for revolvers and rifles value and tons . > jj
Sporting cartridges value. $8x1
Sundries B —
Bags (gunny) pieces. 8,956,476
•• (other kinds) " 2,976,764
Bamboo and bamboo ware value. $498,745
Bedsteads pieces. 392
Belting (machine) value. $100,X24
Bones picul.s. 1,429
Books and nu sic value. $52,602
Bottles, glass <enipty) " $22,522
Boxes (fan<v) gross 3,341
Braid, Llama value. $30
straw ■■ $490
" (other) " Sl.962
Bristles piculs. 3.376
Brushes value. $3S,0i>4
Buttons, brass gross. in. 690
Sundries C —
Candles piculs. 2,534
Canes value. $76,253
Carriagts " $2,141
Casks '• $33,301
Celluloid " $104
1
*r Jt .■*«?' TB-'"'\iK'
64
IMl'ORTS KOlt TlIK KOIH MONTHS KNDIMi l)K( KMHKK .'11, Ml'i.—ContinHI'd.
CIttBBinrr of
Headlnc. Quantity. Total.
Sundries C— Con.
•'halk pk'uls. 2«l
I'hartn anil inarw valuf. $13.77.")
China wan- (coarBf and nne) " |r>5A,li<)3
Clockfl and watches pieces. 34,r)4!t
" Hundrlen value. ll.Ti.'iS
r'Dtnn plankB •• $4.208
•'"pra picul.i. .■i.iifi
I'ordaKf (olhei than lopi') " 11. 127
<'ork value. ll.l'JH
<"orks " i'.tiHI
Cotton, raw pleuN, l.'i.l.'.n
(sewliiK) value. Jii)2.:t7:i
("overst (lied and table) " l."iit,477
CoHuietleH and perfuMn-ry " $."jIn.:i.'iX
Cru<'lble.H " $4.H:is
Cutlery ami cjeetro-plateil ware " $7:',4H4
Curios " $l;;;t.69s
SundrleH D — '
l>lsiiifeitant.s •' |!),4fiu
l!^undrleH K-
Kathenware " |2fiS.25ri
Kleetrlial guiid.s ■' i2."i7..'i»2
Knibroldery " $liii;,7)lii
Kniery and t-ortindinns " $1."..m:1
Rnaniel Har>' ■• $144, 17s
KxploMlve.M—
BlaatliiK l>»»dei " $199
Pireeracker.i " ?ltii."i.4s|
Sundries F —
Fans, paliD-leaf pieees, 2.t:itK.s.Nl
(other kinds) •• 123. «37
Feathers, duck and fowl plculs. 7,343
*• (other kinds) '* ."i
Fire extinKUishers value. $3.27S
" brieks piculs. liS
•■ i-lay " iilj
Flasks all kinds value. $2r(,Rsri
Flax picul.u. ."iTi
Fodder " 46,11(7
Furniture value. $l;i9,2'(ri
Furs •■ $13.r.(i7
Sundries G—
(ias flttlns;^< " $2,S34
(Jlass scrap Iiicu's. 6.5.57
Glassware value. Il.'i4,095
Glue picul.s. 2,88S
Grass cloth value. $9.4,')2
Gums and resin piculs. 6.136
Gunny cloth yards S.9S3
Cypsuni piculs. 11.767
Sundries U —
Harberilashery value. $186, 513
Hair. Iiunian piculs. :l,219
(stumps) " 941
•• (olhiT) " U4
Hardware valu.'. $204,ri.i7
Hemii. manila piculs. r),4.'>7
(other) ■' 14.620
" rope and twine " 10.795
Hides and skins —
Hide.'!, deer piculs. 3R4
buffalo and lov. " 67,CS9
" goat and sheep " 3,lfix
'• horse, ass and mule " 654
and skins (other) " 14,577
\
MPoRTS FOB THE Fill R MONTHS EMHNO DECEMBER 31, 191'.— Continued.
Tolal
Clasalflfr
Qunntlty
Headnc.
Hides and skins — Con.
Hide cuttinKS
HopH ' ••
HornH. bufrnlc) and row
Hf>He (ranvHH, teather) %'alue.
Household stores ■•
Sunilrlen I —
Instrurnciiis (iniisiiHl, auliiniHtli)
ImuMical)
and apparatua (8ci">ntllt<)
Isinglass ,,„.ulg
Ivory
ware value.
Sundries J —
Jadestones ( rouRh ) ••
Jewellery (real and Imitation)
.loss stii'ks
Jute
of
.pliuls.
Sundries I, —
IjRi'e and Irirnniines value.
Lamps and lampware (other than eleitrlr)
Launches and boats
•-•'»'»'" [[ . , . , .' ■ ' .plouls.
imitations value
manufarturrs (not inclurlinK beltinK and boots and
shoes
warp piculs.
■ ye -
Series M —
Machines (knittinR) value.
" (sewinK)
Manures, chemital and mineral ..rnruls.
animal and veKotahl'-
Mati'hPS Kross ho.vc;<.
.M.itchniaklnir materials, other than iihosphorus and cliloral.-
of potash value
.Mats (lea ) pieces!
" otiier kinds <•
^'■'t'inif .. '.'. '.'.value.
.Mirrors and lookinj; glasses •*
Sundries X —
Nets and nettlns ( tishinK) picu's.
Sundries P —
Paper. Chinese
" foreign
" old newspaper -«
*• ware
waste '
Pearls, real
rhotographic k ■ods
*' chimU'als "
Plants and Mowers (iiviiiK) ...... "
Precious stones (not otherwise mentioned)
PrintiiiK and lithoKraphir materials [ , ■•
Sundries K—
K-IKS pi.uls.
Kailway materials (miscellaneous) value.
Rattans "_' .'.piculs
Rattan furniture ..value
ware .«
Rope (other than hemp)
HubhiT (raw)
manufactured (not includine lyres, boots and
shoes) value.
waste and old piculs
ware value.
.value.
. pictils.
14,701
2. in
>1II.0A2
1123,510
ID, 970
»:il,Sl,',
112,01.-.
5AII
23
I7,4«2
$84,.'!19
$45.ii2S
24,S41
7.J4!1
|S,!174
$23S,7l)^
I.'.. 4111
2H,0S7
120,132
J47.93!)
IK.
60b
tl4.«n4
jno.urt
2.A?.r,
.■|.17(;
3.iHi:i,orii
JlOO.ftfil
2,.147,t2.'!
7.1211,9 21
»2S4,.1>il
$ll!t,4.-,T
29,049
36,(!77
31,S03
42.290
9>i
»2.^.ii
|.i!n.,<inf;
1190
$172.3(iO
*2.74l(
J17,S62
371
ll,.jon
fiO,.13(!
«1.'>
S,743
971
JS.SLi
501
$135
f>n
IMPORTS foR THE nil R MllNTHS K.NKIXr. IIF.IKMBER 31, 1917. — CotttinUPd.
rianiiiflrr of
Heading. yuantlty
Sunriri™ S —
Siiii plrulK.
Sanrtalwood
Sau'flufit
Si'alrH and balan<ei« value.
Ships' gear (mil Kiii-ilally mFiitlnmd)
Shrxikii and ntavca (for cask making)
Sllvi-
Soap, romnion ^^
fancy and toilet
Starrh ^ ,
Station.ry P'*-"!"
.mone (not otherwise mentioned) vaUw.
Sundries
Teleuraph and telephone Instruments "
Thread (gold and silver Imitation) "^
Tobacconlat*' sundrie*
Toilet rei|Uisiles '[
Tools, hand ^,
Toys and i^ames ].
Trunks and suit lasi'S
Typewriters and arfpssortes
Sundries V~
Umbrellas.fhin.se Pi'''-''''
Kiirnpean ■ • •
" Japanese ]^
" otiier kinds
sundries value.
Sundries W —
Waste icottoni piruls.
Water, aerated ard mireral valui-
Woods (not specially mentioned) '''''1'..!
Woodware
.value.
Total
liiH.aUti
13,429
7S4
I4.'»«»>
^:t2,l■■>^
IIS.S'O
I2r.r..7«i
I2fl.nu
%l.s■^ ;
$3".',. fir,')
$9,913
»l.!'41
$33.S.1>l
fl8.2S.;
I4.?,l.-i7
11 in.:!ss
121.907
(12.119
1.2.f.'...iS<l
2:14. ":il
2.97«
ll.^ni
$111,204
99>i
$29,224
in.oi.i
$lfiO,712
Sundries Y-
Yeast .
.piculs
.pieces
Cotton (snods -
fotion tilankets
•• pjpce-KOods
■• thread Va'"""
•■ yarn P"'.;"^
Nankeens
Cotton Koods (unc'lassiftrd) value.
Canvas
. yards.
Silk goods —
Silk piece-Koods piculs.
" pongee
" (raw)
•• thread v»lue.
•• (waste) Pl'-u'"
" (foods (unolassiHed)
Woollen goods--
Woolliii blankets '•'•
plece-poods yards.
thread piruls.
" varn
(roods (unclassltled) value.
Wool (raw) Pt''""'-
i9i.9(;i
i..-,,'it;.7i4
$4,ti9.'i
27n,is.1
9.2 III
$i:..221
3»9..-:i7
7,193
6S
1.732
$74S
29:.
14(1
4H.491
29fi,24.-.
«S
429
$.'.9.7nr.
1.194
B^M
w^ni
gjg
BH
" T J l L mf