IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) J: A / ^s. ^^ C^- Ua fA 1.0 I.I m 11^ " ilM 11^ IlM |2£ 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" — ► ■■ •4 -*»s riT-;, Pio. 2. Part of a .slab of .sandstone witli Arlhraria antiqiiata. The fossils for which the above generic and specific names are proposed, are small cylindrical bodies, with usually an expan.sion at each end, giving the form of a dumb bell. Those that I have seen, are from six to nine lines in length, and from the manner in which they are grouped upon the surface of the stone, they appear to me to be segments of a jointed plant. Similar forms occur in the Clinton formation. lAnqnla Miirrrnii. ; |)i| 4. Lini/ulella? aj/inis, ventral valve. i.i 6. " njnsnii, a ventral valve ; h. dorsal valve ; c, side view of both valves. LlNQULA MURRAYT, spec. nov. • ijiii Fig. 3, Shell elongate, sub pentagonal ; front margin straight or gently convex for a space o<|ual to about two-thirds the width in the middle ; anterior angles rounded ; sides somewhat .straight or very gentW convex .and parallel for two-thirds the lengtli, thou 468 THE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. vi. converging to the apex, where they meet at an angle of between seventy and eighty degrees. In one of the two specimena col- lected, there is a flat margin on each side one-sixth the whole width of the shell. Between these two flat margins the remain- der of the shell is gently convex. In the other specimen this central space is slightly convex in the anterior part of the shell, but on approaching the beak it becomes an angular roof-shaped ridge. The shell is thin, bluek and shining with obscure fluctua- ting, concentric undulations of growth, and witli very line, obs- curely indicated, longitudinal stritv. Length nine lines; width five lines. LlNOtll.ELLA ? APFFNIS, SJICC. UOV. Fig-. 4. Ventral valve elongate, conical or acutely triangular. Apical angle about 45'-'. Front margin gently convex in the middle, rounded at the angles ; sides nearly straight, uniformly converg- ing from the anterior angles to the beak. Surface with very tine longitudinal strife, about ten in the width of one line. This species is founded upon the single specimen of a ventral valve above figured. The u{)per two-thirds is partly worn away in the middle, leaving only the outline in the stone. It appears to have been, when perl'ect, gently convex, the rostral j)ortion near the beak semi-cylindrical. Jjcngth about thirteen lines, width nine lines. The dorsal valve has not been identified. liiNdiJLELi.A? SPISSA, spec. nov. Kig. n, a, b, f. Shell s.-')-pentagon!il, or sul)-ovatc, length and width about etiual, sometimes strongly veiitricose. Dorsal valve with the front margin straight or very gently convex for about two-thirds the width in the middle; antirio. .•iimlos rounded ; sides straight or slightly convex and sub-parallel until within one-third or one- fourth the len!j;th from the beak, then converging to the apex, where they form an obtuse angle which varies fri»m 100 to about 110 degrees. This valve is generally very convex, sometimes almost hemispherical, the outline on a side view is rather abrupt- ly elevated in the rostral third, depressed convex for a short space in the middle, and then more gently descending to the front margin. Most ol' the specimens of this valve are eight or nine lines in length, and about the same in width. No. 4.] BILLINOS — FOSSILS OF NE^.TOUI^DLAND. 469 The shell which, is supposed to be the ventral valve of thi« species, is gently convex, with usually a somewhat flat space extending from the front margin upwards towards the beak. The apical angle appears to bo from 00 to 100 degrees. Shell very thick, of a lamellar structure, dark brown or nearly black, and, sometimes, whore exfoliated, of an ashy grey colour. Sur- face with a number of obscure undulations of growth and with fine longitudinal strijc, about ten in the width of one line. * Cruziana similis, spec. nov. I Fir. f). Cruziami Kunilix ; 7, tlie median pjronvc : r, r, the ridges at iho sides. The specimens arc from twelve to fifteen lines wide, divided along the middle by an angular groove, and bordered on each side by a narrow ridge, about one line wide. The spa(!0 on each side between the median groove and the marginal ridges, are moderately convex and cro.sscd obli([uely by numerous irregular raised lines, with furrows between them. These lines usually have the form of a gentle sigmoid curve, sometimes extending (juite across, but are often «« — ^ -d together in a somewhat con- fused manncT, still preserving ihe gentiral oblique direction. Upon an average there are about ten lines in the 1 mgth of half an inch. The marginal ridges arc sometimes longitudinally striated. This species has been heretofore referred by me to C. semi- pUcata, Salter, but although closely allied, none of our specimens agree exactly with the figures of the British species. Besides the above six species, many of the beds of sandstone of Great Boll Island, arc covered with several species of Pal(eo- V C;- .>CL fU / tl/.i 470 rHE CANADIAN NATURALIST. [Vol. vi. ■phi/r.us and other forms allied t»» Kofihi/fim and CrnziniKi. To > describe these would r('(|uirc further eollectinus. In the upper strata there arc yet two or three new speeicH of Ijliiniilu, (if which we have only fragmcuts. FOSSILS I'HOM THE MKNEVIAN GROUP. Below the strata of Bell Island, there are about 2000 feet consisting of sandptones and slates, in whicli no fossils have been found except a few fucoids. These with the Bell Island rocks n»ay represent tlie .Middle and Upper Lingula Flags. They are iniiuediately underlaid by about 2000 feet of slates, sandstones and limestones, holding fos.sils which prove them to be of the age , ol" the Lower Lingula Flags, or the Menevian group of Salter . and Hicks. Fossils in some of the beds arc abundant but very , I imperfect. The following are all that are sufficiently well pre- , served to admit of description. ,\ ] " ' ''"" Obolella? .miser, spec. nov. '"' ' ' Shell small, transversely broi.d ovate, nearly circular, width sligh'ly greater than the length. Ventral valve strongly convex, depressed couical, greatest elevation at about one-third or one- fourth the length !Vom the hinge line. The latter appears to be straight and about one-fifth the width of the shell. In the apex, or the most elevated point of this siiell, there is an irivgularly circular aperture or depression. The dorsal valve is less ixnivex than the ventral but more uniformly so, the greatest elevation near the centre ; bi;ak apparently curved down to the level of the hinge line. Surface to the naked eye apparently smooth, but when magni- fied showing very tine concentric striae. The width of the largest specimen of the dorsal valve seen, is about one line ; length a little less. This species dccurs at Chapel Arm, in Trinity Bay. Mr. Davidson has figured and described'"' under the name <>l' 0. saggitatis, Salter, a species from the Menevian group, North Wales, which is closely allied to this, the only difference, (so far ' as can be made out without comparison of specimens) being, that the English species is about double the size of ours. As I un- " ♦ On the earliest forms of Bracliiopoda hitherto dificoverod in tiie J''- British PaL'eozoic roeks; by. Thomas Davidson, Ksq., F.ll.B., Geolo- gical Maguziuc, Vol. 5, No. 7, July 1868. 1 .-:., ■ • f^'irl ■: /I ■ ;l,: ,..A'! -,..,. ^ Fir. 7. S(raparnl/tiiii rniwta, n, view of the spire; oblique v ew of anterior side. Shell small hemispherical, .spire depressed and rounded in out- line, heif^ht 2 to 3 lines, width 3 to 4 lines, whorls about three, suture deep. The whorls are nearly uniformly rounded, more narrowly so on the upper side close to tlie suture, and also on the basal hide. On a side view the minute apical whorl is scarcely at all seen ; the next below it is elovatod about half its own diameter above the body wliorl. In a specimen 4 lines wide, the width of the aperture is about H lines, as nearly as can bo deter- iniued from an individual partly buried in the matrix. Surface nearly smooth. ' Occurs at Smith's Sound, Trinity Bay. M'l Fio. R. I/i/olilhfs ercellfins. In thcsr diafiianis, n, ropresents thf* rati' of tapering on the ventral side ; A, the tranKVorKe section. The dorsal side of f> is too broadly rounded. HyoLiTHES excellens, spec. nov. Shell usually about two inches in lenjjjth, taperinj.-; at the rate of between four and five Hues to the inch. The ventral side is nearly flat or very gently convex; the lateral edella. ^ (tf a line ; length of the glabella including the projection, 5f{ lines; width of the glabella at the posterior margin, 8 lines ; width of the fixed cheek from the centre of the edge of the eye-lobe to the side of the glabella, 2 lines. A line drawn across the head at 2;}- lines from the front margin, would pass through the anterior angles of the eyes. The length of the eye appears to be nearly 2 lines. ('•■'),;■• . ■ i ^ ■, ./ Ah above remarked, this species varies somewhat in its pro portional length and width, and hence the dimensions, above given, would not be found to be exactly parallelled in all the specimens. Occurs in the grey limestone of Topsoil Head and also in the pinkish limestone of Brigus, Conception Bay. Agraulos affinis, spec. nov. This species is closely allied to A. sociolis and is of the same size but differs in the following respects. The glabella is broader and with the sides gently convex. The eyes are somewhat nearer the sides of the glabella. The whole of the anterior por- tion in front of the glabella is convex. The dorsal furrows arc more distinctly impressed all around the glabella. ' j |^ It occurs at Branch, St. Mary's Bay,^' , j^ ^mac.,. , i d\bifi -/r^-^ 474 ifHAJTHE CANADIAN NATURALIST, (jt^ [Vol. vi. tr^f frtii' . ' i > Genus CONOCEPALITES. - ' >- '^' This genus has been used as a general receptacle for a number of groups which, according to several authors, constitute distinct genera. Although it has been found very convenient, there has lately sprung up a disposition to dispense with it altogether. I have no doubt but that this will be done, and I shall therefore dispose of our species as follows. i. ;.;.:.„..* ..... .,y^i,,,,i c 'WJ ,txao J.-i^.l f...^. OOLENOPLEURA COMMUNIS, SpeC. nov. Ml Glabella conical, convex, about two-thirds the whole length of the head, about one-third wider at the neck-furrows than at the front; on a sMe view considerably elevated above the fixed cheeks; neck-furrow well defined all across; neck-segment thickened in the middle and bearing a small tubercle. 'JLlie fixed cheeks are strongly convex but not so prominent as the glabella. The dorsal furrows are deeply defined all around the glabella. The front margin has a strong rounded rim, separ- ated from the front part of the cheeks by a narrow, but distinct, groove ; between the groove and the h\mt of the glabella, there is a gentle depressitm, which separates the anterior angles of the fixed cheeks. The eyes are .Huiall, situated a little in advance of the mid-length of the head, distant from the side of the gla" bella a little less than half the length of the head, and are con- nected with the front of the glabella by an obscure ocular fillet. Surface with a few scattered tubercles, just visible to the naked eye, and between these numerous minute tubercles only seen when magnified. '. The glabella exhibit traces of two or three obscure furrows on each side. Length of the largest head collected five lines. (I-, Occurs at Chapel Arm, Trinity Bay. ^ ,' '! I (OV'I I'Mi: Fuj. II. Aiio/iolenus vcnuslitx. . 12. Faradoxidea tcneUus. '•■Ir^. \'\rs\A Anapolenus VENUSTUB, spec. tlAV. ^, nl V\g. 11. Description, — Glabella convex, most elevated in front, obscure ly angular along the median line widest at the anterior third of No. 4.] BILLINrtS — P0P81LS OF NEWFOUNDLAND. 475 the length ; sides gently concave in the posterior two-thirds, and slightly diverging from each other forwards ; anterior third and front uniformly rounded. Neck segment with the margin con- vex and projecting backwards. ;.u obscure tubercle, or rather, an angular elevation in the middle, neck furrows .ill across. There are four glabellar furrows; of these, the po.l'rior is strongly marked and extends in a nearly straight liiu' all across; the next two are linear, slightly impressed, extend inwards about one- third the width of the glabella and arc gently curved back- wards, but still almost at right angles to the sides. The anterior furrow is short, extends inwards about one-fifth the width of the glabella, and curves backwards at an angh? of about 45" to the sides. The dorsal furrow around the glabella is very shallow. The fixed cheeks arc triangular, nearly flat, with a small eleva- tion, close U) the extremity of the posterior furrow. Front of the head with a moderately convex marginal rim, almost in contact with the glabella or separated therefrom by a narrovv space. The eye-lobe starts from a point close to th<' side of tlH> glabella and just opposite or a little behind the short frontal furrow, and runs with ^ gently sigmoid curve (at fir>t convex outwardly, and then concave) backwards and outwards to the posterior marginal furrow, which it reaches at a distance fron» the sides of the glabella, about equal to the length of the neck segment. The facial suture leaves the side of the glabella a little in front of the anterior furrow, and runs outwards, nearly at a right angle, but with a gentle convex curve, to the margin. The surface is covered with fine rippled striae. These on the marginal .'im are irregularly parallel with the margin ; on the glabella they curve around the front, but further back, and on the neck segment they have a rudely longitudinal direction, curving outwards in crossing over the glabellar lobes. Length of the head of the largest specimen examined. <» lines; length of the glabella, including neck segment, 5 lines; width of glabella at the neck segment, IJ lines, at the front pair of furrows, 3^ lines; width of the posterior margin of the fixed cheek 3 lines ; length of the eye lobe, 4 lines. When compared with the species figured by 8alter and Hicks the following diflfercnces become apparent: — A. Ilenrici, Salter, has the eye lobes with a gently uniform curve outwards. In A. SftUeri, Ilicks, the eye lobes are also convex and the glabella proportionally longer, while the neck furrow "is the only one 476 THB CANADIAN NATURALIST. 476 continued across," (Hicks.) A. impar, HickB, han the flcxuous eye lobes of our .species, but the inarginal rim is more decidedly in contact with the front of *hf trlabella, while tiie two median pairs of furrows extend further inwards. Occurs at Chapel Arm, Trinity Bay. PaRADOXIDES TENELLITS, Spec. nov. . r Fig. 12. Description. — Glabella clavate, convex, most elevated at the anterior third of the lenj^th, front and sides in the anterior half, rounded, becoming sub-parallel in the posterior half Neck seg- ment strongly elevated in the middle, where there is situated a small tubercle, neck furrow extending all across. There are four glabellar furrows, of which the posterior extends across but is very indistinctly impressed in the middle ; the next two in advance extend inwards about one-third of the width nf the ' glabella, while the small one in front is somewb' eye lobe is situated at a point nearly opposite, but a little behind, '''' the anterior furrows, and is close to, but not in contact with the '' side of the glabella. The lobe is slightly sigmoid, its posterior '<'' extremity opposite t\\v. last glabella I'urrow. The dorsal furrow is distinctly impressed along the posterior half of the glabella but obscurely marked in front. The surface is minutely granular. Tn all of tlie three speci- mens collected there is a small straight rounded ridge, which '"^ runs from the front of the glabella to the margin. It is situated exactly on the median line. Of this species we have three specimens of the glabella, two of which retain portion of the fixed cheeks and show the form of the eye. The largest is three lines in length, iucluding neck segmenv and front margin. Occurs at Chapel Arm, Trinity Bay. Paradoxideb DECoaiis, spec. nov. Description. — The form of the glabella of this si)ecios is nearly the same as that of P. tendlw but the glabellar furrows are *. No. 4.] lULLINOS — F(>S.>iILS OF NFAVFOrNDLAND. i 1 somewhat diilcrciit. The posterior pair seoiii to be eiuircly rli>- connoctcd in tlio miildlo and the next two pair.-^ are rather inoM- curved. The marginal rini of the front of the head, seems to he close uj) to, and in contaet with, the front of tlse L'labella. Thr surface is ornamented with miiuitely cnrruLcatcd. raided line- which, in some places, anastomo.se so as to present ;in irreuu larly reticulated ajipear.anee. This at onei- srp.arates the specie- from J', tiiirlhis. the surl'ace oi' which is minutely 'jranulatcil. The surface nl'^1. reimstus '•■ somewhat like that of this species. hr.t the rai.^ed lines are more distant, and besides the posterior tilabellar furrow extends all across. The lentrth of the most perfect glabella examined is about thirteen line-. (Inlytiirce Iragmeuts, (all of tin- .'.dabella) of this species occur in the col- lection. Kortu of the eyes and of all other ji.irf- unknown. It oceur(> at ('hap«l Arm, Trinity B,iy (ienus I I'llirtFC.A. treu nov. Fig. ];{. Ijiliiilea hello : ventral' aspect. Of this genus we have no s|ieeimens .-^howiui: the internal but the external characters seem sufhcieiit tn '^cpar.ite structure it from i my described generic group. The ventral '.'' vahe uf /. 6«7/f», is conical, strongly elevated at the beak, hinne-line nearly straight, jtostei ior angles narrowly rounded, sides ;ind front nearly unil'orndy rounded, forming rather more than a semi circle. Posterior side with a large i\\\so area, ;ind a c diuin, tlie width of which at the hinge line i> i the whole width ol' the slidl. Tlu' dor.^-al valve i< .■.en on\('\ pseudn-ilelll learlv line t liird il-cM'ciil:ii', mo(. Jcrately convex most elev.ated ut the Ijcak The liin'je-lin appears to he straight. The form and structure of the po-tcrinr side, (such as the area, foramen, deliidium. \c.. i eiinni.t be ni.ide out I'rom the s]K'cimen, owircj to its iniperl'ectinn Tiie Mirf;iee is covered with fine concentric stria*, which in the vcnti'.il '.'' \,d\e are continued around on the area. Of the.»e striiu there ajipear to be from 1;") to :it( in the width of one line, their size varying somewliat in difl'crent parts of tlie sjiecimeti. There are also a lew obscure radiating stria*. Width of ventral valve. 7 lines ; leugth, 5 lines; hcieht, 2 lines. 478 THE OANAniAN NATtJitALrST. [Voi. rJ. In tlie specimen above figured there ia an aperture in the beak, but ill another there is no appearance whatever of a perforation. This frenus resembles Arrotnhr, but differs therefrom in bavine a hirge convex deltidium. It seems to be also closely allied to k'iil(iri/inii The shell which T have described under the name (if Oid/iia IjiilirniloricKx beloiii^s to this ecies ut the same genus occurs in the primordial limestone at Topsail Head. Conception Bay, Newfoundland. I'OSSII.S IN THK HURON IAN UOCKS AspiUKLLA Terranovmca. nov. geu. and spec. Fii; U A'-fiii/'-l/'i ttrr,trti/ricii. two spni nuns oti :i siimll f-like ridge, from which radiate a number of grooves to the border. The general aspect is that of a sMialWA//,,/* or /'■it,>//a. flattereil by jiressure. It is not prohrii.le, hnwcvcr. that tiu^y are allied to either of these genera .Associated with tiicsc are numerous specimens of what apjiear to be .1; >/;t ri n ii'oii 'is siiirniis. a /; fossil that occu IVIIU iw the jiriniordial rocks in >we(leii. rs in a formation These fos.-ils were first discovered hv A. .\Iiirray. K-^(| K