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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fiim6s en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboies suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre imaga de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiim6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ntcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrant la mithode. 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 f < * ■■ J ICtbrary KINGSTON. ONTARIO ii^ifZ mm- W' .ic::::"', C*> D / ' z Fol^ / f '■^ iriJ^V Sot TME Home :^'^1C(]LT0I^I5T5, .« ?l ■.,£SS»^' >, j; i «-!i )> ». i* c -Vs- ,4f5|| "^V'ifTi 1.' '6"; >■ ill*., ;i;/'' '^■':--:. .■«;<,: .'■'■ Dair/men p| WHO AND ALL DESIRE » ■» i) ■Tand rRoSPEI^IT/. -J. •i •>1 lA ( mi Th Afiitict ••• mAfJlTOBA .4. THE Pl^AII^IE PHOVlJiCB, •>THE FINEST AGRICUlTUflAl COUNTfiY IN THE WOBID Gooo ' A GOOD HOME EASILY OBTAINED ;^ IN UiBliU SHTTIiED DISTI^ICTS. !.| JWIIllilONS °^ ^^^^S OF THE MOST FERTILE LAND • * * " * ^ READY FOR THE PLOW, The fleireage Dnderr Cirop in 1887 uaas 663,764 1890 LUQs 1.082,792 Increase - « 419,028^ DKPAIiTMENT OP Agriculture a.n j Immigratio.n, Winxipeg, axd Maxitura Gov- ERNMEXT EmIGRATIOX OfFIcE, TgROXTO, CaXADA. 1890. H^^ ! i L the 1 •JUS 'm& '1^: Tf- ~i\d:^^3sriTOB.A = INTEt^ESTING FACTS. -# .UMEROUS causes have lately been in opera- tion to incline people in different parts of the world to desire surroundings more fav- orable to the earning of a living and the ac- cumulation of property. In some cases the exhaustion of the soil through ^^ears of con- stant cultivation has rendered the pursuit of agriculture almost if not quite profitless In other cases the increase of population has X , • .-,. ^^^P^ ^^ ^^^^ that the soil has been over- tTl r. ^T"^"'^ ^^' "\^^^ ^^^"^•^- I^ «^^^y other rcases the inequahty of resources and means has plax3ed a very arge pro^ portion under conditions that pracf ally forbids the hopf of ^[n- dependence, not to speak of affluence. Every year the number of those who are compelled or inclined to seek new homS in order to improve their own interests is on the increL «W. -f the object of this pamphlet to afford accurate and reli- wherelhr .1 ^ '"'^' ^.^"^ *^^^>^ "^^y be assisted in decid7ng where they will permanently locate ^ Manitoba is^beyond all doubt the most attractive and import- ant part of the Canadian x\orth-West and bids fair to reaTize in Its near future the most glowing predictions of her enthus^lst^c admirers as she issues her invitations to the teeming popXion of the older countries, and stands ready to welcome to herXoad wheat areas and to her other unrivalled natural attractiral wh^desire to participate in a future of assured success and pros- i\.. ^^^^Pl'«^^"«/;;:f Manitoba is one of the seven provinces of the Dominion of Canada, is situated in the very centre oTthe North American Continent, being midway bct.v^4^!^l^^^ 6691 5 .\i.\\iT()i{.\, THE liE.vr A(ini( fi/rrnAL fin.ltlH. I'nritie (Jceans. Winnipcrr, the cnpital of the Pi-ovlnci , IS l,4L^{ miles tn.in .MoiitroHl and l,4s;{ tVoiii Vancouver. ^^ After an fxten.lHl tour tlirou^li the countiy, Lord Duti'eiin ^^ on his ri-turn remnrked : " From it^s ^ro(,^rrapliical rosition ar <1 Its peculuD- characteiist'cs Mnin'toba may he ii-L^arded as the .^c^ystone r,f that mi>hty arch of sister hoviiices wliichsTdn tlie contnit-nt from the Atlantic to tlie rjicitic." Within the h'mits of the Trovince of Manitolia are compris- ed some lib, 021 scpiare miles, or ahcmt 74,000.000 ncres nearly the same area as i.s contained in Kn^land, .Scotland and Ireland put torr^her and tins land is nearly all of unsurpassed (uiality tor agricultural purposes. On tlie south it is l-oundecl by the international In.e between Canada and the United Slates: on the east in the vicinity of tlie Lak(> of the Wooes, l.y tlie Province ot UntHiio : and on the west \n tlie 1 01st parallel, The southern fror.tier of the Provir ce is in the same latitude as t aris aiic the south of ( lermany. The population at the pre- sent time is estimated to he about 150,000, the iM-o-er number of wiiomare t.oni (Jreat Dritian and Eastern Canm'la. There are also quite a number of settlers from the United States, and in a.ldit.on there are some very prosp-.«rous Colonies of Icelanders. Swedes, Hnnganans and Mennonites. Manitoba, th(Aigh largely prairie, in no wav re- sembles Dakota and Minne.-ota in the dull moniftony thatcharacteri>:e,« those State.^ There is throuoh- out the Province a pleasing diversity of land mid water, hiH and valley, l)elts of timber and rolliim. praine. Among the more important Lakes are Winnipeg, Manitoba, Dauphin and Winnepegosis Willie many other smaller bodies of water perform their part m providing for the wants of the country and add a wealtli of beauty to the lane scape, to J,^l^^^'\^'';;ei-'™"?""g. through the Province from south tvibnf . • ''«• 1 ^^^'^V,"^''"'^' ^'^"' '''""^^ ^« ^'^«*' witli their t butanes atfor.led excellent means of trail spr rtati on before the country and ni providmg an excellent water supply ^ riie Province is well watered : surface waters are occas- sionally met with that are brackish or saline and more or less un- tbvn2l"'!'.i ^T^S'"''-^ ''^^'H'' '''''y ^''^ *"^^""^^ '^^•"o^t anywhere thioughout the Province with ver^- little dithculty or labor. Rich pasturage abounds on every han.l The native grasses are succulent and highly nutritious. It is needless to dwell '•f ■J. ■I s "MXTIfV l\ THE \V();;l|). lie Provinci , ver. ^ii(in re coiiipiis- eros, nearly <\n(\ Ireland sed (juality fled by the Sintes : on leP rovmcc me latitude at the pre- mnuber of Thei'e are ites, and in Icelanders, roni south with their before the •aining the are occas- or lessun- anywhere labor. ve grasses to dwell poM the adaptition tor catMc- raising of the o.n.nt.v that wm tain ,t IS said, n.M.,tl..ss „. nundx-rs, found an a„„.i,. food """"'^- " " tl'- ^-'I'tiK. plain, of this iVovinee. ' '''•;;••• ^^. still a y.Mycon.id.rabl,. supply of lin.b,,- and fuel n tlM- rovuH-.; Uhto has not ^vt Ummi exp-nencd as i^ .any oh,..- p.-an-,.. countries any s^-ious difHcnllv i" ! oc: i, ^'•^^1- •'''''•-^'-'^;i^'-->'nrltoanric.Ipatetroubl..ontlushLl,aslh:: ,, , , , °*«*^overlea of Coal Deposits thathiv.. anvidy U'ou n.adt', with the rn.'hvars no-.v or.,-..; , I T i ^'f ^^^<>'i"l serious apprehension f, son.iv ^ "\oie need be no hesitation in affiiniimr fl,.,f \,.f„,. i , snort \ eai-s the surorise oF Hir. uv...Li t ^.i i ™s,n. .\l,„„t„ ,a uitj, l,cT f.Ttiic soi,, ll;.,. ^u.^.^s 1 • f' - lusti^ att, n success, but is unhesitatingly amrined .ai the ..v l^loarlv w.tl„„ the li.uits of fact a„,l e.pe • „„c ' M „. , t"^ timi of facts is nuite s.UBcL t It ,, .t 1 '':"" f '",'"■ l"''"*"'"'^- pan.pMet ,„ay be accepted without i.eati 1 '"' '" "'" 6 MAXITOHA, THE HEST AiilUCtTLTURAL TUfi: cLiMATi:. HE ("liinato of Manitoha is lioaltliy, invifroratin^ anali1o. Many will perhaps be ineli.ied to chalhuj^'e this Htatcniunt. Tiioso who have ne- ver l)een in the country will he anionfr the most ticredulous. Some who have been disappointed in speculation will venture to narrate extraor- ^ , dinary results from the cold that came under their own personal observati MANITOBA is more agreeable than that of any part of Ontario, Quebec or the eastern Provinces. It is decidedly preferable to Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, Kansas, Nebraska, Illinois, California or any other State of the Union, for reasons which may be adverted to hereafter. In making this statement the winter months are distinctly kept in vieAv. From 20to40deg. below has an arctic ring about it and the possibilities of such an experience often make a very decided impression on one contemplating removal. But it must be remembered that these Ioav registrations are not by &ny means the rule and when they do occur are really much more en- COUNTRY IN TflE VVOUr.n , inviopomting s be inclined who have ne- onfT the most disappointed •rite extraor- 'j came under ostile immig- gion ofjinhos- d 40 'lufjrees httlo mcon- eh thermom- ? tliis matter, 1^ and test- lera'on and itnesses who that it is not Imt owing to )era;.ure that i effects that iiumid atmo- eeableness or tly establish- idiich it may ited is pleas- who has not b is not com- All such are e who have 5al verdict is o, Quebec or to Dakota, ornia or any adverted to months are 1 arctic ring ften make a val. But it not by &ny ch more en- a y )e£rins nli,ii„ 1„ v. ," , , " MamtoLa wiiitor eener- fron, Ihe ;,'„;? "';^"™"'-- '""1 J;^t» ".sually till in Lrch. it fi'ee/es up.- till the wintiai^ IS broke,, j)y , spi-ing, the cf)Id-i iw. gon orally^ speaking, con- tinuous and uninterrupted ; no thaws, no mills, n(« thun- derstorms, no sleet, no fo;js. It is genei-ajly bright and sun- shiny, tlie at- her snowv mantle and iWon.os clothed Wtha^ih^^^^^ "^ that IS an uninterrupted deh'ght. June ,s known 1 ''.{l''''^}''^ season, and under the iKmii^i inriuence of the -enTl. ^ ''''''^ moisture is produce.l b> acx^^lerate anTdevelo; |rT.l^h '" Th« 1^ U . "^^^ SUMMElt IS CHARMING. forbids the suffffestion of nm f^^- i ^ '^ contrary, nature i? 1 i^i , »"^^esiion or anytliinff sad or jTlnoiniT- n ;„ ^ i j. ^ - I 8 MAX1T(»1!A THE liEST AtillK 'ULTl'i.tAL ing and piejwi'iiig the ^roiiiKl foi- anotlur season. Adverse criti- cism of tlio climate of MaTiitolia may 11 is necessary is to lay out a loa.l « l,e,-evei' ,t.,|„~ire,l ^,lTi^ upon ,t to nave a .uagnmcont higl.way. ^^,tln « , ;,," e c ,e ir:^eiij;'::,rt:r^''™'';^"'-"'''"V"*'"^^^ uciuicvc. b> luindsome rrovmcuil grants ami by the ni-io-ni hcent land endowments set apart for "educational purposes^ THE P^ORM OF GOVERNME^'T IS of the most liberal character. Beino- onf r.f fl>r .. v ^ ^ ^ population. By a recent enactuaut Zrese.U- tn in l"' P " vmcal Legislature ,. fairly -listributlMT^.o f t rt^il',"; e'ln" stituencies. In l,„tl, cases voti,,.' is ,lon " l,v IHI f Tl qua,hcatK,n for voting .„ practi.aii; n.aJhoodTufi I"' so tl t aws most hberal in character, consistent w , p , tlnnn tration and a right remud of inteir.«t« l„ ■ 1 1 ' "l"-' i^dmnns- tion is given to the pelllir no" ^tthepe ;f if ''^7 tT^'?''- IS of a popular clmracter.class .Hstiucti ^£i rcaretu Iv Ivo? I'T .-egard ben,g constantly had for the good ,:f the ^mS nu^' THE SOCIAL CONDITIONS in Manitoba. In no other country in the wm- I • ' '.^l''^^**' "^ ,^*^^" a proportion of the population tlit'onl^.^r'^id fiCIf^.'^ 9 12 MANITOBA THE BEST AGRICULTURAL tion. The population is undoubtedly lieterogeneous, but Manito- ba may without hesitatioTi, challenge any country or state in the, world to shew in her citiijens an equal amount of intsUio-ence^ knowledge of the world, ° resolution, independence, respect for law and regard for the claims that society and religion have upon the individual. The laws and society of Manitoba afford just as much protection to life, char- acter and £^m ,£^.:^^&^^ :-'?l?*"J^SSW'Sci CITY HALL, WINNU'EG. COUNTRY IN THE WORLD. 13 b Manito- .te in the, diligence, the most favored country on earth. The absence of lawlessness both in the more trivial, as well as in the more serious offences has oPten been remarked upon, and is undoubtedly one of the most. marked characteristics of this new Province. There are only three gaols in the Province, and it frequently happens, that in one at least uf them there is not a prisoner. Sunday is care- fully observed every where. Manitoba as a new country is very singular in having a very superior class of people, in having good laws, well administered, and in affording, even in the remotest districts.the protection and enjoyment of all right of the per-son and property. Apart from tlie loss of old friends and associates, and the disability consequent upon living in a sparsely settled district social C(jnditions in Manitobaare everywhere of the most desirable character. THE SOIL OF MANITOBA OIL of Manitoba is greatly diversified and in the different parts of the Province may be found varieties suited to almost every requirement. The quality that gives the highest value to the greater area is its great productiveness for wheat growing. Itis a fact established beyond contro- versy that the average yield per acre of wheat has been larger in Manitoba than in any other part of the world for equal area?. And it is also known that the same land has produced large crops of wheat annually; for 30, 40 and 50 years. It is beyond doubt that this country has a record for wheat growing that has not been equalled. It is useless to say that other cereals are grown here quite as well a;^ wheat. The yield of oats is enormous, barley, rye, peas, flax and other grains have not been cultivated to the same extent as wheat and oats, but the experiments thus far show that the former grow as luxuriantly as the latter. It is well known that the American wheat fields are fast becoming exhausted. For years past they have been encroaching upon their uncultivated territories, and to such an extent that they now find that they have reached the limits of their possessions. THE OKLAHOMA FLVSCO BROUGHT A RUDE AWAKENING t-o those who imagined that the Americans possessed boundless areas to be brought under cultiv-ation. For months before the Oklahoma reserve was open for settlement it was represented as a land of great feifcility and promise. It enjoyed an ex- traordinary boom. Settlers were attracted in thousands. More 14 MANITOBA THE HEST AfilUCULTURAL went in Avith the intention of sottlin^r on Government lands than were open tor h-eo hoiue.stemlin^r. As soon as they were able to make an intelligent inspeeti(ni of the soil they made a oreater stampede to get out of the couiitiy than they did to set in It IS reportecl that they have a scheme on foot to irrigate the arid plains of the west. This is indisputable proof of their extrem- ity and a certain assurance that the man who occupies the ir- rigiMte. land will have to carry a burden of excessive taxation _lo meet the serious difficulties that face them, they are propos- ing to attnupt wheat growing in some of the older States in which It has been abandoncMl iov years because of its unprofita- bleness Of course this .neans an expenditure of labor and money that is suffici<'nt io startle one accustomed to wheat growing m this I'rovince. InfoiMie & , . The native grasses are abundant nnd of the highest nutri- tious .|ua]ities. Up to the p.vsent these l.ave been almost Mdiolly relied upoii. J here is no r. ason to doubt that grasses might be ■"" profitably cultivated and doubte.-,s will as soon as the necessity for it arises. In a word it may be stated that there may be found hei-c soil exactly adapted to any depart- ment of agriculture that may be cultivated with the fewest implements and the greatest ease. Soil I'oi- wheat, for oats, for bjirley, for flax, foi- peas, foi- roots, for grasses, for pas- tuiag('. Nature has carefully nnd lavishly supjilit'd all tlic conditi' ns for prosecuting herd fai-ming operations with the greatest prr.tit and tlm least expenditure of labor and capital. If yr>u have not up to the present niet with ilic success you have desires j^ou Hie invited to cctine here and enjoy a Ij return for your invest- ment of money and labor .■»m' -.teiV-,^^'''^ '"* <>^i'<-'i" country can :a ands than jre able to a greater et in. It e the arid r extrem- ies the ir- taxation. re propos- States in jnprolita- abor and to wlieat r without )UNDxVRY. Aier part for gi-ain irvellous, olds, etc. ?st niitri- it wholly might be i will as n a word be found depart- iltivated greatest Livley, for for pas- lavishly seen ting greatest ibor and present vex 3^ou enjoy a invest- tid labor iitiy can COUNTliV I\ 'i'.ii; W()|!iJ>. 15 y, A*- MANITOBA, THE BEST AGIilCULTUUAL H E Water supply of Manitoba is ample. In pmiric countries, generally tlie procuring of a supply of good water is one of the greatest difficulties encountered. This Province forms a notable exception to the rule. Rivers and creeks traverse the country in every direction. There are numerous lakes of very consider- able magnitude, while there are many more smaller bodies of water. All these are almost without exception fit for use, if not of superior (juality. In addition to this, water may be found in almost any part of the ' " Province within reasonable depth and at a moderate cast. The water found in hundreds of wells in Mani- toba is as good and pure as can be found in the world. Intending settlers cannot over estimate the impoi'tance of securing an ample supply of Ine pure water. It iimst not be un- ._ derstood that every pond hole of starri^nnt wntor is fit for use or that a gushmg spring is to be found hiuLt every tuft of grass ±}ut It is distinctly stated that the Province of Manitoba is well supplied with good, pure water, healthy for man and beast. No real difficulty is experienced in keei)iiig pumps in good working order the year round. o i i & g THE FUEL QUESTION has by the uninformed been referred to as one of gravity. The fact IS there has never been occus:*.!! ior ,inv apprehension on tins head: but in any event it has been completely set at rest. Ihrougliout the Province there b.ns b(jen a more or less rren- erous supply of wood. This is by no means exhausted. In ad- dition to this, practically inexhaustible DEPOSITS OF BlTUxMlNOUS COAL have been found in and on the confines of the Province This coal IS undoubte<]ly of the highest value for rUl domestic and manu- taptuinig puiposes and is so situau-d timt it can be mined at a minimum of expense. Already braneiiiines of the C. P. R and Northern Pac. & Manitoba are proJL-cted, and will without doubt COUNTRY IN THE WORLD. 17 nple. In iring of a i gi-eatest nee forms ivers and direction, consider- my more tiese are , if not of found in )r use or )f gi'ass. a is well ist. No working •. The ision on ■est. !ss gen- In ad- 'his coal I manu- iied at a R. and t doubt be completed next year to these coal fields. This coal should therefore be supplied to the people of Manitoba at a very low price. The incre a s i n g railway facil- ities being ac- quired will be ample to sup- ply every part of the Prov- ince with fuel at cheapest rates. Manitoba's position , though in the main a prairie country, is an enviable one, r e s p e c ting fuel. She has never suffer- ed in this mat ter as other prairie coun • triBs have done, and her prospects for the f u t u r e pro m i s e cheaper fuel than the east- ern provinces and many of the States of the American Union. '^. y, i. li- <- uiululat- tlie lni>- jiroiluc- hi:at iiArsi\(;. \vi,ii. ^cMttcicMl tliion^li tlio coiiiitiy liilU leys, blocks of tinilicr iiiid lii'ok-cn thi' area occupied hy these licnis )ioitioii to tliiit of tliu fertile, level, iii;^' prairie-i that constantly in\it»! Iiamliiiaii to test their lichuess lun liveness. Tlie remarkahle ease with which tlie virgin prairie may be brought nnder cul- tivation has induced many to embark in M'heat raiding to the neglect of othe)- ])rotltab|e industries and the assui'ed prospects of speedy money making in growing wheat, caused many to rely upon tiie extraordinary fertility of the soil to an extent tluit would never have been tluaiglit of elsewhei'e. Oftentimes such pre- sumption lias been rewarf profluciii^ tlu! Iiest (niality of wheat the world has ever seeti tlio wlioat HrMs of America are in the near future to be found. Up to the present, Manitoba is without a rival in the soil and other conditions she »'njoys foi- wheat culture. The following figures coinpiled from the report of the United States Depart- ment of Ag.iiculture and other sources clearly demonstrate this. The yield of Spring Wlieat in the following places for the years 1882 to IS89 inclusive, is given as follows : MAWiTOK4 ..... Nenrly'iO BnfihcU Ontario ■ ••■■■■ 15.0 •• Mliini'MOlii •>■■•• 14.7 •• llakoia • ..... ■ >^'lM4-OliHlH ..... a Nf^hniMka- ...... lowu - - . . • ■ . . Tlie surface is a rich alluvial deposit, varying from 8 to 20 inches in proved methods as well as to secure land on the most fov'ombic i ;rms. Therefore it may be stated without fear of successful con- tradiction, that Manitoba can show a higher average yield per acre of wheat, oats,barley and roots than any other country in the world. Our wheat is in quality unexcelled. It not infrequently averages 64 pounds to tlie bushel. It can be raised at a minimum of cost. Such a fiv i : for operation should attract the world. Often oats weigh 45 poirads to the bushel. Up to the present oats have de- manded high prices, and prove a highly remunerative crop. 4 1 COUNTRY IN THE WORLD. 21 PRAIRIE, Id has ever o be found. 16 Hoil and ? following Bs Deparfc- itrnte this. • the years ».« •• 1.7 " :».o " »..% ♦• I.K ♦• !.;» " om 8 to 20 7 difficulty ce of trees, land mucli known to the finest ine amber profitable •oper hus- 'he annoy- The straw while the hat a field sight, and ; (that has Iden pros- country is , know ex- sh. They has been and be in approved 3 I ;rms. jssful con- Id per acre the world. r averages im of cost. 3ften oats s have de- ?rop. Barley raised in Manitoba has boon proven to possess in a verj' n-.arked degree, those rjualitieis forwhirli it is most appreciat- ed. As in the case of other grains, the yiiihl peracrc! of barley i.H far beyond the average usually reaped elsew here. Many are ad- vocating the more extensive cultivation of this cereal as one of the most profitable in which farmers can engage. Peas and Hax have not been (extensively grown as yet, but their adaptation to the country has })cen tested, and placed l)eyoii(l a doubt. Koots of all kinds arc wonderfully prolific. Hor.se and cattle raising have proved as profitable as any occupation in the country, and there is no retwon to anticipate a change in this matter. IXED FARMING. It should be remarked that while wheat growing is, perhaps, the most attractive occupation to tlie new comer, it is the general opinion of the most experienced that mixed farming will prove the safest and most remunerative in the long run. The rais- ing of stock is a most agreeable occupation, and in a country so admirably adaptetl thereto as Manitoba is, caruiot fail to prove n highly re- munerative one. It is only a few years since buffaloes in countless numbers found a home on these very prai- ries, and all the fofxl recjuisite for their sustenance. Domesticated animals thrive quite as well upon the natural grasses of the prairie as the buffalo did. They seem to find it highly nutritious. St/^ck raisers assert that their animals prefer prairie hay to any that they have yet been able to cultivate. The climatic condi- tions are peculiarly favorable to animal lite and growth. This i.s strikingly manifested in the extraordinary size and development of horses and cattle. Not infrequently yearlings and two year olds here have the proportions of full gi-own animals, raised in less congenial surroundings. The sight of a poor animal is clear evidence of extreme age or shiftle.ssness on the part of the owner. Grass fed beef in Manitoba is said to excel stall fed in the Eastern Provinces. Young cattle and colts, as well as older animals, experience little or no difficulty in "i-ustl- ing" for themselves during the whole win- ter, if the shelter of a bluft' or shed is pro- cured, and water provided. Generally,pro- •^^*^^^«!r^^«*a4lS/^«^|*?' vision is made to give them a little fodder during the coldest weather, and with this they come out in the spring in capital condition. 22 MAXITOHA, THE BEST AGRICULTURAL Poultry Rai€^il£g has thus far proved,and must continue to prove, highly remunera- tive. Xo difficulty is experienced in making them perfectly com- fortable the yeai' round. There is always an abundance of refuse grain, so that with the least care and labor, a tidy sum may be annually realized from poultry. Kogs are easily raised here. There is usually on every farm a large quantity .>f coai-se grain that if saved would feed and fatten a pen of hogs. The thrifty farmer can thus add considerably to his annual returns, and always have an ample supply of pork, bacon and ham, that will cost him practicallj^ nothing. Sheep Raising has not as 3'et been undertaken as extensively as horse and cattle raising, but the experiments thus far made show that it may be, with equally satisfactory results. Perhaps the absence of fac- tories, and the hitlierto high fi eight rates on w^ool, have been impediments in this industry. We are assured of better shipping rates, which will improve the price of wool. On the erection of woolen factories, there is no reason to doubt that sheep raising wdll become a very popular and profitable undertaking. Mutton has hitherto Ijrought a high price. Garden Vegetables ■of the ch()icest qualities are easily grown, and give magnificent returns. Potatoes are particularly' fine, and yield enormously. The specimens of cabbage, turnips, beets, carrots, etc., one often sees here are of extraordinary size, and bear incontestable evid- ence to thehiffh fertilitv of the land. Small Fruits such as currants, cherries, strawberries, i-aspberries, etc., abound all over the country. Their pi-esence in a natural state is satisfactory proof that they can be cultivated to advantage, and without diffi- culty. Many have introduced them into Uieir gar- dens, and have thus tested the matter experimen- tally. It will thus be seen that the prudent farmer may so oi-der his alfaii's that failure cannot o\'er- take him. While perhaps looking to his wheat as the most important part of his products, he may be raising a nice little band of hoi'ses, thus pro- viding means to extend his culti- 4iy'*Ur>;iVating o])ei'aii<»ns, or to have a I^HSSCiLJtvrlw.isiuair^i'^'''^' few lieads to sell at good" prices. 'T I i"t4i„j5_jnw COUNTRV IX THE A\«-RLL). 2H emunora- ictly com- of refuse 11 may be m a large tten a pen Ay to his rk, bacon and cattle t may be, ce of fac- lave been • shipping rection of ?p raising Mutton agniticent ormously. one often able evid- Lspberries, • pi'esence that they liout difR- tJieir gar- xperimen- iit fai-mer mot o\'er- 1 wheat as s, he may thus pro- his culti- ;o have a )od" prices. He may be getting together a herd of cattle, from wliich lie will always be able to sup})ly his own pantry Avith plenty of Milk, Butter and Cheese, and oul of the sui-plus of v>hie]i the family grocei-ies may be sup- plied, dairying may be eaii'ied on with the utmost certainty of handsome prolits. "^The ])asturage that uatui'e has provided, in practically limitless supjily, with excellent water to lie found aln:ost everywhei-e throughout the Province, atVords excellent conditions foi' butter and cheese making. It has often lieen re- mai'ked, and is undoubtinlly true that, it g0(jd butter and cheese cainiot be made in Manitoba, they cannot in the wo;'ld. Dairy pi'odr.cts always find a ]-eatly and good market, and as they liccome better known, they will be more appreciated and connnand high- er prices. The poultry with their products, will help to supply deli- cacies for th(> tables, and make up a store for a I'ainy day, while the hog pen will supply meat for the family, andi a few barrels extra for sale, and the tlock of sheep may sujiply clothing, it will thusl)e seen how easily a frugab ]n'udent man can provide for all the wants of his family, and liow a guarantee is afforded that a eompetcnce may ho. acquired. Game. It goes without saying that there is a great plenty of game. Dacks {ind o-eesc may be found in myi'iads at the proper sea- sons. Wild turkeys, parti'idgcs, plover, etc., in less nundiers. Prairie chickens, however, are here the distinct feature of \\'ild fowl. In the larger lakes and streams tisli aliound. In the wintei' the farmers visit the waters, wherein are the best tish and catch all they want for the season. rV They generally keep them frozen till the spring opens. In this v,' ay fondness for spo)-t is gratitied, while a pleasing and desirable addition to the diet of the family is made. Natural Capabilities, The natural capabilities and productivencs of the Province are unrivalled. Ample opportunities have now been atl'oriled to test the country in nearly every flesiralde way. Experience has shewn that an average rainfall with the nsual accompaniment of heat is most conducive to vegetaVdo growth. An excessive rain- fall, however, docs not produce th<' same injurioim ll.-rts here as elsewhere. i)i^\ x^ T^'i 24 MANITOBA, THE BEST AGRIOULTUIiAL, PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. The pliilanthopic and public spirited character of the people of the Dominiou is shown in the establishment of institutions desiged to improve the condition of unfortunates likely to be found in every community. In addition to the assistance ren- dered by the Province to Hospitals and otlier beneficiary establis- ments maintained for the fublic good the following have been erected and are now in operation : Asylum for the Insane at Selkirk. Deaf and Dumb Instituta at Winnipeg Home for Incurables, Portage la Prairie Reformcxtory for Boys at Brandon. The Asylum, which was erected in 1884, affords accommo- dation for about 150 patients. It is gratifying to know that the proportionate number of cases of insanity in Manitoba is much less than in any other province in the Dominion or in any part of the United States. The total number of cases now under treatment in this province is only 1C8 ; being at the rate of one in 1,157 of the population, while in Ontario and Quebec the rate is about one in 500. The very satisfactory results of the treat- ment in this institution are testified in the fact that the propor- tion of those diseliargcd as fully recovered is nearly 50 per cent, of the admissions. The Home for Incurables, which was erected last year has accommodation for about 75 patients. Its name indicates the purpose of its establishment. Persons afhicted with diseases of any class except those known as contagious or infectious are admitted and kept at the expense of the province, if tliey or their friends are unable to contribute towards their mainten- ance. The Deaf and Dumb Institute was also erected last year. L-ver}'- facility is afforded therein for the proper training and in- struction of deaf mutes. Pupils are maintained at the expense of the province if unable to make provision for themselves. No expense is being spared to make this institution in every way efficient. The Reformatory for Boys was completed and tinishert quite recently. The exceedingly valual)le services similar institutions have elsewhere I'cndered, by restraining vice and immorality and by converting candidates for advanced crime and the peni- tentiary into respectable citizens, liave induced the erection of this safeguard to the state. Those responsible for the adminis- tration of the laws have wisely decided that it is in every inter- est better to adopt means to prevent crime th«n to punisli for its commission. Juvenile offenders will here be treated and taught witli a view tu attain this end. IMi'"i GOUNTlir IX "niE WORLD. 25 .■i> I il 'iM " *- the people istitutions :ely to be tance ren- Y establis- have been it Winnipeg Srandon. accommo- V that the la is much L any part ow under ie of one c the rate the treat- le propor- ' per cent. year has icates the 1 diseases stious are f they or mainten- kist year, g and in- 3 expense emselves. in every lieH quite stitutions nnorality the peni- ection of a(hi]inis- sry inter- sli for its d taught v^- '■■♦(■i^ %. ^/t*K HEN is the time? There never was a better time than the present to purchase land in Manitoba. Li almost any district, it can be bought at very low prices. Often with buildings already erect- ed, and some land under cultivation, so that the purchaser can begin at once, and realize ^^ the lirst season. This of course cannot be done ^Kl^^ ^'^Er-Sriin' on the virgin prairie. But when a man can r^«t4!" ■y*W'i?'P'*i"^-*^ buy a farm at reasonable figures, with a house and stable ready for occupation, and with a larger or smaller area ready for cropping, it is perfectly clear that he begins under much more favorable auspices than the man a\'1io locates qn a parcel of land, on which tlie only erection is the surveyor's stakes. Generally speaking, too, the man who buys will get a good return for all he pays in the nmn- icipal and other improvements, as well as in having roads, bridges, schools, churches, etc, already established. The man who comes in and purchases at the low lig-ures that are asked now, and are likely to prevail until a considerable quantity more of land chano-es hands, is going to make an investment that cannot fail to be a safe one, and "is likely to prove a very profitable one. Don't be afraid that it will be all gone before you can get here. There is plenty for millions yet, but those who get here soonest, will certainly get the best bargains. Those who come late, will have denied themselves of very distinct advantages, by their delay. There need be nc hesitation in stating that those coming here in the near future, will find it greatly to their advantage to come prepared to buy land. It might be remarked that in most cases liberal terms of credit are given. Manitoba extends a cordial invitation, and promises a hearty welcome to all wdio are capable and willing to work. Those who expect on coming here to tind the trail covered with silver dollars, and prairie chickens sittmg around roasted, with a fork in their breast ready to be eaten, will likely be disappointed. The country has suffered not a little from the disparaging remarks of many of this class, who came here apparently expecting to return in a short time with plenty of money, biit without an effort on their part. Failing to realize their silly anticipations, they went back, and as- hamed to confess their own folly attributed their lack of success to some objectionable feature in the country. The unqualified success of thousands here, who have as a result of industrious efforts accumulated much more than a living, aflords an abund- ant refutation of these slanders. Manitoba to-day, may with- out hesitation, challenge the world to show- natural attractions I MAXIToliA, TlIK I'.EsT A(iHicn;rrii.\L 2(i equal to those she possesses. All tliat is no^v ro(]nisito is to have tliese resources developed. People eoinpeteiit to do this arc re- quired, and for tliese an ample guarantee of success is oiven. There ]s more room for farmers and farin l.diorers, tlian for any other class. ]31acksmiths, carpenters, masons and other mechanics ai'e alwa^'s i-easonahly sure of protitahh; employment. Female iielp lias up to tlie present been in hrisk demand. Those (|na,lilied to jx^rform house Avoi'k well will need have no (h'ead ahout cet- tnig constant em- oyment at liigh wages. All who contemplate chan g'ingtheirplaceof residence, shoukl l>ear in mind, in a new country ike this, with uch an assured , , „ , future, there are always chances for nnprovingone s con.lition tliat older and more crowded places do not enjoy. If 3'ou ai'e able and willing to work you need not hesitate to come here. Vou will be able t,^ tin.l -ome knid of employment. Con., prepared to accept the most con- genial work you can find, and keep your eyes open for more pleasant occupation. You will not have long to wait till you tind yourself in a much improved condition to that vou left unless the latter was a very good one. (h'umblers, conmlainers! cranks and slaiiderei-s are not iiuite.l. Th.jse determined to make a success of life, and willing to do the best thev can under ah circumstances, and to lend a helping h.and to othJrs less for- tunate than themselves, are particularlv invited to come anV ■ ■ ''''/f'',- .-'ii^' ^-,fc— .■,,,■'.'-■■; ../■^^-^K^H:::-: p] A^« if' COUNTRY IN THE WORLD. 27 ' is to havG til is jirc re- is (:;'iv('ll. I's, than for and otlier nployinont. ■niaie help ip to tlio it l»eon in (loniand. (|na,lilicMl t'orni liouse well will liave no al)ont p;et- aistantem- ent at hiu-h All who i))latochan oii'placeof ice, should I nnnd, in ' country ihis, with in assured thei'e are • and more ^q; to work > Hnd some most coii- L for more t till you : you left, iii])lainers, L-mined "to can under 1 less for- e and add congenial itation to and most s the suc- lot adapt ^!uch of the experience that has heen gained here has cost us a great deal. New settlers are counselled to' adopt the methods that have been proven to be the best. However extensive experience under other conditions may have been, it sliould not be preferred to that of the country and place in which your operations are heing condvicted. 'I'-^nacity to your own preconceived ideas, and dis- regard for the opinions of others, may cost you years of toil and money, wliile a willingness to learn and to adapt yourself to your new surroundings ..•ill bring success. V/ages are in season generally high. Men are usually well paid. The actual figures orhai)S, be st;iLed that fretjuently excellent op- portunities are presenLo West Selkirk 2^ Stonewall branch -0 Branflon-Souris coal tield branch -'0 RAILWAY FACILITIES. The most perfect railway system is being developed n . in the Province and perhaps nothing shows the progress Jb/' which Manitoba is making more than the development of flK^^- her railway system. Only a few years a^o tierewas not '^'^^- a single nnle of railway in the country, now tliereare over €fe^^ 1200^uiles in operation and there is more than a reason- #1lJgl able certaintv that in a very short time a considerable V^r mileage will t.e added. From the tollowmg table may be ^thered thcTj^ervice v^ith which the^rovince is now nrovicbd : Safckatehewau h. Wesceru V:)j. 15 ** Shell River, Riaiioh H *' Morris and Brandon branch N. F & M l-*2 " Red River Valley. N.P. & M Ry 65 || I'ortage extension. N P. & M. 50 N.P, & M. coanields bianoh — ^(.n ..u 1 Northwest Central 50 The Canadian Pacific Railway company have evniced a de- termination to extend their various branches and arerendermg to tlie people of the Province most excellent service. I he more recently introduced company, the Northern Pacihc and Manito- ba Railway Company, are also displaying consiaerable activity in the way of railway construction, and will no doubt, serve well that part of the Province tlirough which the;r lines run In ad- dition to the Canadian Pacilic an.l the N orthern Pacihc& Manitoba the Manitoba & Northwestern Railway also supply good railway facilities to the north-western portion of the province, ihe above companies being determined upon securing as ^ mucli as possible of the trade of tlie Provnice, the a.I- ^ ^^ vantages of railway competition will at once be appar-h^x^ ent From what is already done in this connection it '^- is evident tluit no district with any futiu-e before it is likely to be left any length of time without railway facilities. The most vahiable iudicatiLUS of the esteem in whieii the country is held are found in the fact that other railways are anxious to get a foothold here. | Itmio-htwith ])ropiietybe added that both the great ^^^ systems in the iirovince evincejm in tention of spreading |{^g^ out as o,jp Ji'b.iuity .offers. Both wi! undoubtedly' »:S£: I no MAXITOUA THE MEST AGUICUl/miAL have liranchos to the coal Holds in the near future, and neither will neglect any good chance to promote the interests of their re- spective companies, so that every part of the province is reason- ably assui-ed tlioy will possess "all proper facilities as soon as needed. The importance of competition in railway traffic in a country like Manitoha cainiot he ovei'estimated, as so much de- pends on rates and proxinuty to market. The lower the freight rate foi- hauling the wheat out of the province the higher the price I'ealized \>y the I'armer, and the less it costs to haul to mar- ket the larger the aggregate returns from the crop. Competitive rates also reduce the cost of all goods brought into tl'O province. NECESSARIES. The fallowing table will allbi-d a criterion as to the probable- cost of necessaries for a famih'. It will be found that in any centre purchases may be freely made on the tigures named : Grey cotton, 36 in., per yd 5 to 10 c's Cuffte, per lb 30 to 50 cts White " " Duck or drill, oz., 14 .7 .15 15 ^t i) 'Flour, per 100 lbs ?2.90 " Prunes, per tti Currants," " Rice, " " Raisins, " " Nail8,cut," " 4i Hinges, 6 10 3.75 8 cts 10 " 7 " 13 *' 10 " 3i" Ticking 15 "25 " Priht or calico, fast colors 7 " 15 " Gingham, per yd 7 " 25 " Flauuel 15 *' 45 " Cottonadea 30 "35 " Tweed 50 " §2.00, Building paper Full cloth 50 "85 uts'Cociking stove, wood or coal Men's long boots, strong, §2.00 " $5 00 M-ithout utensils $18.00 " 25.00 Boys' " " " . 1.50" 2 50 " " with uteusils,23 00 " 30.00 Men's lace boots " .•...1.25" 4.00 Parlor ,• tove, wood or coal, 5.00 " 35.00 2 50 Set dishes, complete, from 2.50 Table . . 2. 00 upwards 2 0(j Chairs, per doz 6.00 to 9.00 3.00 Bedstead 2.00 " 5.00 Sideboard 12 50 upwards 4.00 Lumber per M 18.00 to 20.00 ; Hough boards 20.00 per M able and warm 10 00 " 15 00 Dressed lumber 21.00 " Meu'sovercoats, " " " 8.00 " 15.00' Dimension stuff, joists, Sng.ir!?, pcT m. , 8"llets scantling, &c 20 Ot Teas, " 25 " 60 " Siding and tiuoriug 22.00 " 24.00 Tobacco." 50 " 60 " Bricks at kiln 9 00 per M Boys' " " " 1,00 Women's shoes, good and strong 1.00 Men's woolen socks, per doz. 2.25 " " stockings, per dt/Z 2.00 Men's suits, good, service- cates to be resul scare sued pens inste som( ties been sorg but varr culti and this The read are .of '. itens COUN.UY IN THE WORLD. 81 1 noither their re- H reason - soon as affic in a I inch de- e freight ^?HS^ Sr'jate glicr the 1 to 111 ar- il petitive province. probable- t in any cd: iO to 50 eta )0 " 3.75 8 cts 10 " 13 " 5 " 10 " 00 " 25.00 00 " 30.00 )0 " 35.00 50 )0 upwards )0 to 9.00 )0 " 5.00 iO upwards 00 to 20.00 )0 per M )0 )b 30 " 24.00 )0 per M HE EXPERI^IENTAL FARM. Realizing the im- portance of having farming operations conducted on the most intelligent and scientific methods, and also the great future before Manitoba in this department, the Dominion government have se- cured a considerable tract of land at tin; city of Brandon and establishedupon it an Experimental Ym-uu The purpose of this, as its. name indi- cates, is to make experiments in all those matters that are likely to benefit the agriculturists and stock raisers of the province. The advantage the farmers of Manitoba should derive as a result of the extensive experin-.enting that is being carried on can scarcely be estimated. Th^ utmost care and accuracy are pur- sued in all their tests, and the results published, so that the ex- pense of maJdng experiments will be borne by the government instead of by the individual. _ , r. , The experiments on the farm are extensive, and of the most valuable character to every man who intends to carry on farming operations in the country. There were r,own laht year 85 difFer- ent varieties of wheat,40 of oats,42 of -barley ,40 of fodder plants, 50 of grasses, and 15 of pens. Tests of various kmds are bemg made with these: some are sown in the Fall, ^ome in the Spring, Bome early and some late, some with a drill and some broadcast. Experiments are also being made with all the leading vane- ties of field rf)ots. Over 100 difierent varieties of potatoes have been planted this season. , . . Consiy making entry for the land, cultivating it tor three yearfi, so that at the end ff that period not loss tliaii forty acres he u.der cultivation ; residing for at least six months in each >ear during thiit time within a radius of two miles of the homeste.d, and erecting a house and resirling in it upon the homestead for tiiree months next prcce.ling the .ip[>lication for patent. 3. l>y making entry and, wiiliin six months from the date thereof, commenc- ing the cu.tivatiou of the homestead, breaking and preparing for crop within the ^rst year n )t leS"« than five acres ; cropping the said live aores, and breaking and preparing for -rop not less than ten acres in addition, anc. eiectini; a habitable house before the expiration Oi' the second year, and thereafter residing therein at least six months in oaoh year and eulti'atiu^ the Und for three years next prior to the date of the application for patent. The only charge for a homestead of IGO acres is the entrance fee often dollars; in the case of forfeiteil pre er.iptiona, an additional f^e of five dollars ; and in case of cancelled homesteads, an 1 additional inspaction fue of ten dollars. SeUlers have the right to pre-empt the adjoining quarter-section of lUO acres' if available, and within six inonHm of completion of th3 homes^ead duties, may purchase the pre emption at the p. ice of government laads at the tim: of making the entry. From tliis it may be seen how easily a line farm may be secured I'ree. It ought, however, to be stated that lands of the best (|iiality can scarcely 1)0 secured now on these condi::ions, ex- ce])t at a distance froin^i shippini-- point, and in, as yc.t, sparsely settled districts. Experience has shown the wisdom of getting as near a nuir- ket as possible. The laV)or and expense involved in hauling a large crop to market, ougi:t alwa^^s t' be borne in mind. The nearer the market lo the ...rni where it is raised, the larger the proht. In consequence of this, it is always prefersihle to purchase, where one is in a position to do so, to secure a desira- ble location. "lA?. 9 COirXTRV IN THE WOUIJ). 35 ;.^ 'A y. o -/: y. SETTLERS' EXPERIENCES. Appoti(l(' iinprossioiis and opinions may, it is hoped, he of value to others who have had no opportunity of visiting' the country. The desire Ih to disseminate reli:ihle information, of a ])ractical character, that the vvorhl may kiiow Just wliat kind of a coun- try Manitoba is, and what may he expected on cominfr and liv- ing' here: My native place was WolviBton, Stookton on Tecs, England, where I was a farmer and I came to Manitoba to get land of my own. 1 have i)een here since 18H2 ; had ;:ocapital to start with, but have now HiO acres of land, 16 horses and cattle, and have had no losses or iiardships. My prospects are good, I am satis- fied, and think thi& a very good country for young men with capital, or farmers willing to work. Stuartburn. Wm. Darling. Although having very little capital when commeucinE in Manitoba in 1880, I have now 160 acres, worth $2.0()0, twelve head of stock, over 60 acres in culti- vation, and have had no reverses. I was a carpenter in Brantford, Ontario, and thou^jht I'd come here to try fanning. The country is all right, a little cold in winter, prospects are bright, and I think there can be no doubt MinitoV)a can beat the world growing grain, and any person coming here with good health and willing to work is bound to succeed. Austin. Alfrkd Pickering. I am a Mennonite, a Miller by trade, and left Russia in 1874, because I would not bo a soldier. I began with nothing — homesteaded, and have fared well as my tarm is worth $800. 1 have suffered no loss from the climate, either winter or summer ; the climate is healthy ; it is a splendid dairy country, and a good one for grain and stock raiding. Steinback. Cornelics P. Frik-sex. In Glasgow, Scotland. I was a warehouseman, and came to Manitoba in 1882, having less than $1,000 to commerce with I have 3'20 acres worth $.S,000, have over 50 acrss in crop, the average yield of wheat being 28 bushels per acre, oats 50 and barlev 40 bushels. I had 400 bushels potatoes per acre and 500 of turn ips, and vegetables grow to a greater size than in any other country I have ever seen. Winter usually sets in the Grst or second week in November and ends middle of March. 1 have not had any losses or sufferinjt from the climate, ocea- siona ly we have a summer trost but it ..oea no harm. The climate is very healthy and the country can't he beat, especially for dairying. Mixed fanning ia the best, cattle thrive, |I have 38 and winter them on wild hay, straw, and some grain, though they will get fat on simple wild hay and water. There is lots of water from 14 to 16 feet deep, and wild fruits grow freely, raspberries, straw- berries, currants and gooseberries. April or May is thw best time for a pettier to come here to start farming, and they should not bring anything except strong clothing and blankets. I am so satisfied wioh Manitoba that I have no wish to leave and believe it will be a great country. There are a number of sections open for homesteading, that is, free land, in my township, good grain land with lots of hay, and water tor the digging, convenient to wood and six miles from a railway station. Elkhorn, Manitoba, Canada. Robt. Bickekton. The climate of ManitoLa, the country and the prospects suit ni". so well that 1 would not change ou any account. I am a farmer's son from Colborue, Ont.^ m MAXITuhA, THE liE.^T A<;RICULTUUAL and in ISSl thought the outi lok wa-i bettsr lierc an 1 ciHTie up uith 87^0 tostait on. I lj'iui4ht (540 acr>ld by coming here. Morden. _^ D. McCui.su. I have ;V20 acres. 170 of it in crop, have 20 head of st-ock, the land is worth S2,,300 but I landed in Manitoba with jjstone dollar. I came from Quebec pro vince, find the climate beautiful and am well satisfied. I have travelled through the greater part ot the Unitt-d States, but Manitoba is the best place for farming, and for a man to make a comfortable home for himself and fam'lv. Moubray. F. j! Lakmouk. Crystal City, Manitoba, is my present address. I am from Ashton, Ontario, and an engineer by calling. I first settled here in 1880, and have bettered both financially ana in health by doioL' so I have 800 acres, 170 being under cultivation, and the whole worth 87,0(0 without stock. There are 30 head of I orses and cattle, and they would rather eat wild hay than tame. We are looking for more than we eve. get and getting nore than we d-^serve, and on the whole CorXTUV IX THE WORLD. 37 f re pretty well satistit-"iiction? I say xo.NE ! Shoal Lake. Cii.\.s, FinT'Lav. Canie here in 1S81, having S700. To-day I am worth S5 000. Boissevain, M.iu. .James 1\ak In lSS.3 I started fjrming in Manitoba with 84,200. T came from Du-rie, Ontario, and am a farmer. 1 havken, four horses .ird 21 head of cattle. This is a good district for cattle raising I would rather live here than in On- tario. A man with a little money will do better here than in any country I have ever been in, I have done remarkably well sine* I came here, and am wtll satis- fied. Fairburn, P. 0., Man., Sec. 4, Tp. 3, llge. 10. S. Oke. " I would say to suitable people, who are able and \. illing to work, having some capital, say from 81,000.00 and upwards, there is a reasonable chance of success ; but what we want here is men of energy, who will not be discouraged with every little thing which will, a." a matter "f course, take place. We may expect to have a failure of crops once in a uhile, ■ ml \>hich is verj- disheart- ening ; still, notwithstandirg, so far as my experience goes, there is a much better chance of success here than in England for men of the right stamp. I came from the north riding of the county of York, England, in the spring ot ISSl, and after working cut for a year or two commenced farming, an.l was fortunate to secure a first-class h section of land, and have succeeded very much better than I could have hoped to do in the old country ; and allowing tor all drawbacks, and we 38 MANITOBA, THE J5E8T AGRICTJLTUEAL U I had quite a few at first, for want of railroads and some bad seaeone &c stiM I have no isason to regret the step which I then took, and have no idea of re- turning to hve. My opinion of the country is favorable. In regard to our particular section it is well suited to mixed farming, having good water and a fair supply of timber in the immediate neighborhood, and we are in reach of heavy timber There is no vacant land for homestead, lut there is some im- proved tannH for sale, as well as a large number of odd sections We are near a raiJroiul, also large Hour mill and saw mill, school houses, post offices, &c. Millwood, sec. 18, tp. 20, rge. 28. ^ ' ^" ^''°^*^- ^^''^Z ^^''T ."""i^^'" 0^ farmers that came here a few years ago and are wel off to-riay being well supplied with stock and all necessary implements to work a farm and are out of debt Neepawa is situated in the county of Beautiful Plains on the slope of t^. Ruling Mountain. The mountain shelters the plain from the northwest wind, tlius rindering it very free from frost. The county is we watered by spring streams from the mountain, and the mountain is very well wooded- a good supply can always be had at a short distance. WV expect to have 500,000 bushels of wheat to market here this year. I was the first person to have a farm in this township. H^iauu Neepawa. j^^^ Crawford, M. P. P. • 9*°'^ ^![T- ' :'°*t"^° ^'°-' ^"^•' ^°^ brought to the country $700. H^ came Hartney p. o., 36. 5, 23. Came to Manitoba, April 2, 1882, ti-om Haldimand Co Out and brought with him $265,00. He has now 320 acres oflund ^5 broken, 4 oxen 4 cows 4 horne sand young stock, and $1,100.00 wort i of mnfe rntwotthSprrc^e.'' '''''^''- '^« ''' -'^ -*^««^^ -^^^ ^'<^y- Moses Calverley. The following letter from Mr. Hot tie, M. P. P for Turtle Mountain, will give some idea of the district lying 'in Southern ifLAnitoDti ; inruugn tne county, and along the mountain intownshin o „,i,i o A„„ '^ numerous spring creeks coming Cut of the woods part ri;ni;;g towards VV^^ Hater lake and part of them forming the head of the PenibTna river *" a mile of the tl. Thev '.re ahr hniTJr' " ^ ^"Vfndston. guarded within th« inhh ..f V,?.!!"'; o«*'54f^o^i'^''"'''^*"« ^ «°ho«' house, to be completed bv .chcoi on the fi^tof janua^: ^t:, s\^, :!^^^::^ o^s;;;s^i:^ COUNTRY IX THE WOULD. , S9^ not burned down in the late fire; but it is understood they will buTuTthis summer again. Our farmers on the Hhole are doing well ; with one or two good crops they will he well off. There has been i large amount of land sold in this county this summer by the C. P. R,, N. W. L. Co., and H.B. Uo. C. P R lund 18 selling at from $5,00 to §10.00 per acre ; N. W. L Co.'s lands at ^7 00 • H B Co. s from $6.00 to $8.00, with from 6 to 10 years to pay for them the C p' r" giving the largest time. " " " Yours respectfully, FPOM KENNETH McKENZIE, M. P P. '^^^' ^"^^*^- T A rr ,. ^ ,. ^ , , Buruside, March 27th, 1890. L. A. Hamiltox, E.s(^, C. P. R. Land Commissioner, r «. j _ Dear Sir,— After a residence in this Province of 21 years, and visitins my native country, Scotland, last year, after an abserce of 47 year.s and beiiTa 4 years occupied in farming iu Ontario with fairly good success. I have couie to the conclusion that Manitoba is the best'ountry I have seen fo«- farming The past season was an exceptionally dry one, iu fact the driest I have seen and I Had a fair crop, especially of wheat. My eummer fallow weut 37i bushels per acre, and laud that 1 have taken 19 consecutive crops off without "any manure went 20 bushtls per acre, and the laud that I had summer fallowed two yearb before, and had in crop second year after summer fallow, weni 27 bushels per acre. I may here mention we only plow once for summer fallow, I saw as much work put on 20 acres for turnips iu England and Scotland with fathering weeds, stones, etc., beside manure, as we would put on 200 acres for vvlTeat here and the past season was an exceptionally fine one in Britain My oats and barley w_ere a lis^ht crop, not over 20 or 25 bushels per acre; whereas I had 70 bushels of oats on the same lam^ season bjfore. My potato crop was good, notwith- standing the dry season. ; "jut vegetal. Its in generul were considerably under an aveiage crop. Out of 19 crops I only lost one, that was in 1874 by gr. .hoppers • they took my wheat and bailey, but I had a fair crop of oats and potatoes thai year. I do not say all of Manitoba or North-West Territories is as sure for crop as the Portage Plains, but still by mixed fanning, viz : raising stock and dairy ing, with some grain, potatoes, etc, any industrious person or persons can get along rully better than in any country I have seen, and I may say I have travel- ed a good many of the United States of America. I am no p.-uphet, but I fully believe this year will be a very productive one, plenty of snow uhicii we have not had for some winters past, and the y^ar after I suffered with the grasshop- pers my yield was the highest, averaged 41 bushels wheat per acre all over n.v crop, and I expect to be fully up to that this season. Yours, etc KENNETH McKENZIE. Should any other information he required on anythin^i;' re- lating to the country, correspondence addressed to Tlie Mimster of Agriculture, Winnipeg, Manito])a, or to The limnigration Agent for Manitoba, Toronto, Ontario^ will be welcomed and promptly attended to. CLOSING REMARKS. There is no desire to exaggerate or mislead. Great miscon- ception exists regarding the country. In recommending its ex- cellence and meritorious qualities, it has often been "extolled beyond the limit of fact. In depreciating it, great exaggeration has been indulged. A frank statement of fact will most certainlv attain the desired, end of gi-catly increasing our population by 40 CLOSING HEAIARKS. immip-ation To give tlK).se wlio Jiave never been liere an accur- ate i.le.1 ot tJie country, its resources, its present devdorent and future prospects, experience lias shown hopeless. If you ever come here, you wdl understan'l'' *» taintHl .rfw,,o Late , . : f ' V *?"«"'">'"« eau always be ob- Such iau.i.a;;Xe\ foi\rbvThrfr^v''"p' "i "sy"'^"*- Company. M... Ha„„l,,n wl^^fef Lh^rtKfr'^ '''^" ""^ Company; M 7 H ^l^rT^T^''- ^^ ■ "'« H"'^"™ ^^Y By the X .rtl West I ..nTrZ '^""'' Com.m.s.,K,ner. Wi„„ipe|. parts of the ifewri"''" ' P"™*" '"d-i'luaU iu various A , . PRESENT PROSPECTS .•.turns s:it" toThe" ? p tTe "\;:^ ^""'''^ '^""'^"''''^ 1^^'^''^^ -^<^« "P f'- acre,, oats 2.'?5,W4, l.ar oy ci i: .5 fl.x 14 i^n^ ^;|""'^«P«^:'ent8 is, whent 74(5.05^ ^nany districts. A good d;:;i 0? n^ JlXakln" -r^:!';:!. SI^^^^^ *« '^^^'^ "^a^^ in ited at theBrandon Sin Vtea rt'akine is being done. m paiDtinji House, lixaudon. Mauitoba. re an accur- levelopnient If you ever er till then, himself or srving and 'f whatever ly inipossi- -f tlien you or less de- invited to ill present r children, or be per- interested anjoynient laws af- 1 facilities lan might ly limited tt promise e to deny to you we 5 the hope IS citizens sirable to s be ob- payment. Railway nnission- ■ompany, son Bay '^innij-)eg. Scarth, various ghout the oiiraging ; e up from It 74(5.058 747, in ; made in a. tHomes