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1653 'East Maih Street
Rochester, New, York ,14609
(716) 482,- 0300 -Ph(J)ne
(716) 288-59^9 - Fai
USA
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THE
CANADIAN GARDENER;
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PKACTK^L PIRECTIONS
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FOB THl
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KITCHEN AND FRUIT GARDEN ;
AND ALSO
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A BRIEF TREATISE ON -WELD CULTHRE ;
ADAVTXO TO THC CLIMATS AND SOIL
' I
OF CAKADA4.
■.1 •'■ ■■,. :. •".
'■ »• l i I II
By ASA PARKER, GARDENER and SEEDSMAN,
OF ATLMSB. ■;.,.-'
iVHf
" I went by his tfjirden, and saw the wild J)rier;
The thorn and the thistle grow broader and higher;
The clothes that hang o'er him are turning to rag8,-r
Forgetting his garden he starves or he begs. "
AYLMER ; Pjiwtbd »y THOMAS WATSON.
1851.
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-^ — ^Thi: commpiler will not claim to be
^ the sole author of Hke following pages ; hit
' object is to extract, from the best author-
ity, such parts of Kitchen Gardening as
may be properly managed in this noiiihem
latitude ; whilst at the same tinie a grei^t
part of the work will cd^in hja own
views on situation, soil, fenc|||^ trenching,
laying out of the garden, management of
the hot-bed, and the propagation and cul-
tivatipn of vegetables, fruits and herbs.
§t^ In presenting the 'Cbna^ian Gardener*
in a cheap and condensed form, the writer
will find it necessary to omit giying in-
structions on such arUcles as cannot be
raised successfully in Canada ; but will
tonfine himself to that part of gardening,
! I
•^
which tho«o ought to knoi,^ who h»Te , '
rod of land to cultivate ;4 desire to add
to their own knowl^go, or i wish to or-
nament a country which can boast of one
Ltnr't/ **?'''''''"''•'"'' bytfciTilized
^ WIte co/npileK ikfbUbi^JilB'hSffin.r
inhab ting, the val% of the Ottawa and
Vicinity who haToshd^nitdispositLa^d
^xpressed. de^^, that he I„ld uS-
tit..K^» "7 "" "»B Tnottagehieht of the
kitcl«*ngardM,,-^„dstf^h fruits aB can be
eas.iyprc^^,,ated.:}n a rfew country; t«!
^^jmmm.&mly should beS
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have a
to add
I to or-
of one
vilized
•rticul-
s, has
tlemeti
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)nand
indei^ '
>mplil
'sthi^
)f the
an be
Mary
be in
t&e.,
d its
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intended limit; the fl^rlte? will neverthe-
less aflera sufficient course of experiments,
offer to the public another work on fruit
and ornamental trees, &c. It would indeed
be absurd to attem[)t at this period, a task
of the. kind, as many desirabje fniits and
ornamental trees have uot yet been suffi-
ciently tested, in this northern country, to
warrant success. , v %i* >—-
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d JlliLT''' *'"«'' «naH. Will be divi.
fed into three parts, viz :—
wg out. Manure, sindy M n»;? T'S^'^y-
Ch
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e divi-
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lot-bed.
tion of
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tion of
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pii* i.
0;i ^^ Kitchen Garden, SoityPreparationy Trench^
ingfClay Svbs&Uy Fencing, Laying out , Ma^
nure, Sandy Sail, Clay Soil, Hot-bed, Sowing on
open ground and Rotatitm of Crops,^
KITCHEN GARDEN.
Situation. Those who have only land enough
to cultivate for a garden, must be content with
its situation } but to' those who are in possession
of ^ farm, I would advise, ( as it is generally ad-
mitted,) that the garden be situated, on a gentle
deaiivity to the south and east, — yet it is admit-*
ted that a, northern situation will suit some vege-.
tables best J such as the Cauliflower/Cabbage,
English Bean, Spinach, Lettuce and other salads^
^ Gooseberries will also ripen best when excluded
from the mid-day sun. As earliness of produc-
tion is an important object to the gardener; I
.^ would advise the former situatioii, viz.,— a south
east situation, as many vegetables can be raised
under the north side of the south fence.
As to form, it should be either scj[uare or obloog»
If jblong^ the longest side may be situated eaa«
*tt4 Weft,— I would recommend the lattef form,
Mjjt liquid tend to mis^ a larger quantity of gar-
^11 j^roduoe a(;an eajply period, under its northern
fence; As to declivity of situation, a descent of
•M foot in twenty is recommended. Should th«
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>'T's,;
•oil, however, be light and sandy, I would re-
commend a perfect level situation, as in this
cas^, heavy spring rains would have no tendency
to wash away the seeds from their beds, destroy
young plants, or carry off the best of the soil.
^ It is an old adage, « out of sight out of mind! "
Lest this may be the case, I would advise that
the garden be not far distant from the dwelling-
house, nor directly in front of it. It is recom- :
mended to have water convenient, although Mr.
Cobbett states that « watering with a watering^
pot is of little use, and that it is better to tnist
to judicious tillage, and to the dews and rains,
and that a man can raise more moisture with a
hoe or spade in one day than he can pour oiit of
ft watering-pot in a month. " Mr. Cobbet, as a
good writer must be admired, although his views
on this subject may not on all occasions of this
kind be relied upon. Let his views on the subject
be however as they may, I would advise eveif
gardener and farmer, to stir their grounds a^
muph as possible, in dry weather, as it will add
greatly to the crops. , , . ,
.'-■i I, .!
■ ■U-i)^}
SOtti The best kind of iioil for a v^t^le
garden, is a deep rich- loam rather inclining to
^nd. A strong stubborn clay should be avoi&d.
These selections are intended for garden vegettt.
Wee generally, yet some of the same may do best
in sod of a clayey natiure^ whilst others do best
m a vety sandy soil >- these will >e treatedTifpoii
se|Mirwteiy asii^e proeeed. ' .
'-"I
ould re-
ill thi^
3ndency
.destroy
e soil.
mind. "
iae that
wrelling-
recom-
ugh Mr.
atering-
to trust
id rai^s,
with a
ir out of
?t, as a
is views
of this
subject
J eveiy
inds a?
v^illadd
getible
mug to
voided.
tregeta^
dobest
to best
,; ; -^■■■--:r., ■■■■■■■ '.fl'j: •■-: ' .■ •■ "■ ■■ , ..
PRB»ARATioif. Having recommended a situ-
ation for the-kitchen garden^ the next process is-
to prepare the ground— which is to be done in
the following manner: Firstly, by ploughing
and harrowing until the surface b« perfectly
smooth and clean. Secondly, by a good coat of
well-rotted manure and %double ploughing ; that
is two furrows deep with a-good sized plough —
this should move the ground to the depth of four-
teen ot sixteen inches, which consequently will
throw up a considerable quantity of the Subsoil.
I would recommend that another dres$ing of
compost or manure be added, and a single plough-
ing after. For the purpose of making the sur-
face even, the latter ploughing should be back
furrowed, by commencing where the former
ploughing was finished, and turfing the team on
the opposite side. Should your garden be wide
enough, I reco'mmend cross-ploughing j or wh»t
is much better, good trenching two spades deep,
that is, the length of two garden spade blades,
which will at least be two feet deep. This depth
is not unreasonable should your soil admit of it,
but if inadmissiWe, let the trench be ,?W5 near to
the measure as pcssil^.
Trbnchiwg. . This is done in the following
manner:/-^ Begin at one end of the piece of
ground, and shovel out two feet deep and two
feet wide. Ca6t the soil, dug up, on ground
which you do not intend to trench ; shovel out the
bottom clean, and make the sides of your trench
a* near perpendicular as possible ^ thus you have
f
m
'J'^'K-V''?'?'*
la blean open trehch, ranningall along oiie end oi
your garden ground. You will, as a matter of
course, observe the necessity of using a wheel oS
other barrov, in conveying the soil dug out, inta«
'the last trench. Lest this might not be under-*
stood, after completing y©ur first trench, you will
then take another piece all along two feet wide, I
and put the earth that this new piece contain*^
. into the trench, taking ofl the top of the new twof^
feet wide, and turning that top down into the bot-
;^ torn of the trehch, and then taking the remainder
of the earth of the new two feet wide and pla-
scmgit on the top of the earth just turned into the'
bottom of the trench. Thus when you have
again shovelled out the bottom, you have another
clean trench two feet wide and two feet deep.—
You will thus proceed till the whole of your gar-
den ground be trenched, an*, then it will have
been cleanly turned over to the depth of two
feet. This should be done in the fall,and in con-
sequence of the subsoil being on the top, it should
havei a dressing of lAanure in the spring, and well
mixed by digging, r »! X
Clat SuBsott. Should your Subsoil be stfff -
clay il» should hot be cast upon tfee surfade at
once, but should be loosened Wp with the subsoil
plough or spade, as per example, see trenching.
Observe that the bottom or clay part should b«
well broken up and not cast outi This indeed^
is liot all that should be peVformed as li^e under
ground drainings must be well attended t^thes0
may be under the garden walks. FiniCily, t}i«
'X
s»'
i h
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;sss:
-^
T N
> endol
liter of
^heelor
at> inta
under*
ou will
t wide,
ontaios
jw two
he bot4
laindeJ^
id pla-.
ato the
I have,;
Qother>
eep»— af
«gar-;f
have V
)ftwo
neon-
»hould
i weli^^
s stfff
Ce at
ibsoil
hing.
id be
de6d>/
mder
thes^
, ik9
9\
above mentioned soil is not to be prefeied ; should
however clayey soil be well manured, nearly all
kinds of vegetables will thrive in the same. I
cannot pass this subject without reminding the
Farmer, of the great benefit to be derived from
the use of the subsoil plough, especially on clfty
bottom land* _ ' .
•Fencing. A ^K)S/ence is essentially neces-
sary, although too often neglected. How often
do we see garden crops destroyed for the want
of proper or good fences. Shoidd the farmer not
have time to perform the w6rlr necessary for a
good garden, it is to be hoped, that he will not
neglect making a substantial fence, so that ho
may enjoy the fruits of his industry, from a gar*
den which he has perhaps bat partially cultiva-
ted. As to the material of the fence, I will leave
it to the judgment of the owner ; but wefe I to
command the means of making an ornamental
fence, as a matter of course, I would mak& or
plant a hedge. As few however command the
means of making a brick or stone wall, I would
recommend the north side to consist of boards,
as on the south side of the same, grape-vines and
other useful and ornamental shrubs could bo
leared. "'., ' ■ ■ ; ;^.f..i; :.:.>■;/ r:- ■.■-,;.;;-7ri •^^
Laying-out. Thelayiijj-otitof agardea6dn-^
lists in the division of^ ft into several parts and
.^ the allotting bf ^hose several parfs to the se-
t^ral purposes for which a garden is made. —
l^es^ parts consist of Waih, Fa(hSf FlaUi Bot-^
'. - ■'■■"■' ,■• ■
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t 1%
12' . i ■/,
' . ; ; ■ - ■ - . ■■■■'■
Jfe«, and a m-Mthmnd: •< As to S^' art' of
n^o him .;^'?'T° °' *^*'«^'<^° !'«'»«". "sup-
pose him to stand in need of anv instruMirm.
• ^'""e purpose, and those he has alwavs in hanrt
To form^the walks and paths is in So W^oui
the Garden ; » but the walks and ' paths imLhi
fflade not only visible, but must be &T that
IS, if the ground be wet i and for tfic s«k« nr
^?r™^^.f'''" <'°»-'l«de that a b^rdlrbe made
t jVu ^ i"'^ e"<^^" from foif to eiriit feS in
breadth, that is, according to its size and thi »
mainder divided and formed into ^ii'es '
To give a full treatise on this alone (if ti.-
':?^,V^«'t capable, ) would req^^'a^ w*!
uiue work is intended to benefit, would fimT;?'
the subject willieTSd?^&g?i,l^^
Mwf.one hundred years ago ^^l^hafffiJll
v«<|d wojUd arrive wten th?cSckeYof^^^;
».^tcontain a, n,ack4StSS^S*SS :.,,
' »->*^r'
13
ft**.!
^^ ^
10 art of
derstand-
^r, to sup-
tructions.
5an Want
in hand.
lay-out
^ must be
mt, that
sake of
►e made
feet in
i the re-^
I.
jid and
Sessional
>iue va-
ai their
t would
e same
(if the
larger
om this
find it '
nanure
>4inay
9%son
r^ one
fttfreoflAnd. " Whether w6. attain to such m
degree of chemical knowledge or not, we should
not cease trying experiments on a small scale.
When the proper manures are once discovered,
we should use them with caution, as an indis-
creet use of them will destroy the see dor plants
and thus defeat the cultivators object. -•
As some cultivators, by their method of usinjg
manure shew that they have very erroneous ideas
as to its real object or utility, I would remind such
that manure should be applied with a^ view to
renovate and strengthen the natural soil, and not
as a receptacle for seed. In order that ' manure
may have a salutary effect, it should be thorough-
ly incorporated with the earth, by the operation
" bf digging or ploughing. When it is used in hills
■'Or on a given spot, it should be well pulverized
and mixed with the earth, so as to form a com-
post. TThese remarks apply especially to strong
animial manures, the excrement of fowls, as also
to soapers, tanners, and glue manufacturer's ma-
)dure, rags, &c. - Lime ashes, bone*dust poudrate,.
riirate, salt, sutohur, gypsum, nitrate of potash
■ and othe^-portaole manures, may be sown over
the land fjrevious to harrowing or raking it, or
such manures may be formed into a compost
when used in hills or drills. They shoula ia
every case be used with caution.
1^ can corroborate these facts,
from having used strong compost as a mould for
their hot-be^s, thereby, poisoning the germs of
^ ■ tli6 aeed and causing the plants to die off prema-
^ttirel)r ; Vi^nd it 18 notorious that a great ptG|)or-
It.
•• y
i^\'-i
if
I •'',
: M
, for a terfeLt aS 'T''^'r^<>
' ■ oompost made of such „,l?f "'^ ''*^'''' '^ ^«- A
"nan portion of M«i ft"' '"""^ »'°<'<' ashes, t
^ mould shovelled SpTndel,t '""'!! '<"'^«'' aid
•Wgs, or on the side o "!„ ,"^^^» ""«' wund build-
put into a heap and t irrn ''""" ">««« '°ee"»"
wis the sorrfl, w ZVr?^ '"?« ' it not only ,
«h? alkali andlc^eiwch r,!'""'"" '°™'"' by
«"««d tlwtiim^rafni™y t^ '"''• ,^' " »d-
bol very beneficial o''a 3 'ir'"?"' """>"'«''
fflMter,os it causes a a*nLk 51' " °^ T^eetable
will destroy i„ „ greatSee tS^^'^'"?' ""^
and larvae of insects wh^f h ' '"^f ^''''s of weeds
lection. '*' *'"<'« may be in the col-
£ 1 It is Well known »>,.»'
valuable proper Je"'bv\J^""'^ T"' I<»« "s most
conseqneit evamttion ^!;''* '" ">" "" and
manure m.et beV2uZd o^H '"^■^'"" ">"' »he
•"- «>« ««me bi^^:";^!- ;|3|«ediately
«S,S^^^'«^' Ifi?<Imanrpe«on. '
•table and hog-yS 1^ i?"".**' ^^o Seglect
'««. an articte/wWch to tt ''^ J"*"" "^^^c*
deemed Of thohiXst ^n'". ''e"''«ltwalist i.
rf husbanded and prol/'Tr?^' ■"«* *Weh.
«»tai»t period, pia?XL?„'!';*'^ '»'«'" at .ni
,' *^ "** "««VMlual «o doing i^
u
an injuciici-
'tttinanuro
s m it. A
od ashes, a
-aves and
unci build.
' together
["al tiiues^
destroyed
t not only,
rmed by
It is ad-
manure^
egetable
on, and
)f weeds
the col-
its most
"> and
is, the
diateiy
»ewdns "f
leglect
?giect,
list is
i^hich,
tktma.
^afcy circnmstanoet :*- I htvo reference to ma-
nures. ' \
A good hog-yard would also keep the hogs
withiQ their proper limits, and save both man
sand dog the trouble of the wonted punishment
«o often inflicted od them, for thiir repeated en-
croachments on the fruits of industry.
The barn or stable yard, should be dishing, no
M to retain ail the li'c^uid manurje, and unless al'
ready on an imper viable soil should be paved
with'clay,^ — and should be so located as to be se-
tsure from wash no more than the quantity of
water which must necessarily fall to the ground.
A supply of litter, such as worthless vegetables,
straw, brakes, turf, mud, and rich earth from the
way side should be provided to absorb all juices
of the yard and the gasses evolved by fermen-
ation. > '
The hog-yard should be tightly enclosed and
furnished with an abundant supply of material,
which the occupants will convert into the best
of manure, and askyou nothing for it * Lazy ai
they are^they may be made to work but half tkeir
living without ever mistrusting it. Thus maeh
for the preservation OF manures.
hiGHT Sandy Soii/:— treatment. This kind
of soil should be dressed with some alluvial com-
post, clay, marl, or /some -such substance as will
give a body or str^^ngth to it — cow or hog d\ing
with salt might be added. Clay alone would
improve it— ttils/should be drawn in the^fall or
winter, and spread so that the frost ma^P^ tipon
/ '■■i^
-:(V^v^p?ypffmmM^:imf!s^.^:'
II
16
' P»r »?^es and open the poreaof *k "" ^mme the
. ^'Wfireneralfykuo^^'^^^f the clay.
''dge. in the fall. "^ ''"K'' <<"? and thrown into
Hot - Bed ^THa «
pensive, art cles, reauir;„ !J'' '*"' 'hey are e?,
•^yond themn-re*ff^«'°'.«nd atacwt entireK
«h«tVvery°one wh^'^'^'^iy erroneous.^an/;*, ho^
ftnner sliouM wi„to lh» "^epo" that ever^
««»« ^egetabies at e^ '"^ '?^«' '°"«ne of to/.
^M may be, should at lea«tT. '"? ""cumstan-
*»«! such plant- a. j:. „*' have a hot-bed to for-
*»^fdei,.'^ ^^ ""'« ""y ^nt to cultiwTe in
if
l^'w^-f^^
17
eady to pul
^il may be
/n a moist
'y land in
'ort of BOH
<>'8e dung,
pnrate the
y.
18 greatjy
r in a low
^^ges, in
own into
"Don gat
are ex-
ofessed
entirely
Both
^6 hope
at the
• every
of for-
atthat
Dstftn*
to for-
{e in
'ft:'':-:- .'
^,* *
In preparing a frame and lights ibr a hot-!)ed,
some previous i»«triictions on the subject will be
ijece88ttry,( uulcyw it be well understood by the
person who is to make the bed. ) The sash
should be mad^ of good two-iuch plank, without
cross bars, in which there are to be four rows of
[Miiics of small glass.. The sash is to be well
painted ; and in glaifeig, begin at the bottom and
overlap eiwh light about one-fburtli of an inch,
so that the rainwater may run off. The lengtlf
of the sash is to be in proportion to the extent of
the bed ; laut by no means over six feet, and no
moire than four snshes toVach frame, and the lat-
ter to be made of plank, which is to fit the sash.
The back part of the frame to be nearly three
feet high, and the front' about half the sa^me iu
height.
The site should be a dry place open to the sun
and sheltered from the northerly and easterly
winds. Previous to iiiaking the bod, manure
should be prepared, which may be unfermented
stable dung. The preparation is simply this :— '
Throw it into a heap, and Vhen a smart fermen-
tation occurs, turn it over.
In making a bed, the European system is to
build above ground three or four feet high j but
in this country of sharp wind and dry atmos-
phere', I should deem it best to digabout eighteen
inches below the surface, if the ground he not-
too wet;. in this way two feet of dung, when
settled, is sufficient. The former method is how-
ever preferable, should you want your plants to
have an early start, as it gives a chance for lining
YM
Sf'^fi"
r\
.^rm^'i
y
18
°" "lis set voi r f« ''• "PP'y 'Valor in .1.
"" your l,>|,ts „« I , " mtttiiro oC „■•"**•*
very strong, wa* I r " '«'"• ShonW thn^ "" ?"'
"''mil Dlen/v „?• ? '""' days bofi,« ° ''^n' •>«
"'Ofo ho h ° ; '''" """•« air the S^," " ""'» F"
«'■ March Li'""' "■'■ ""'I nlr V r^' ' ""<' «ive ,
m-
^««P up the
saary. )
'"'■0 wjfh a
» ^'^ouJd be
the aame j
«^x inohec
»nci; Put
• move off
® ^ecLt be
'^ng* and
•* ^hia pe-
Provided
'Nation— •
^er tho
^"fl giVG .
'^c Jost
fs carjy
•■■%■
^Mm
w
%
(^
19
'V< <
i» REMARKS ON SOWING IN THE
i
OPEN GROUND;
4,
It may horo be mentioned that tho exact depth
will not alwfiys bo givcin, becauso some soils are
of a heavy ttn^ moist naturo } in this kind of
soil, it wiUnot answer to sow the seed so deep^
as in li^ht ground. I'ho same may also be ob-
served m rolling or settling the ground after sow-
ing. Itmafalso bo remarked, that when any
particular distance is mentioned, it is intended
fQ*a, medium garden soil. In a very rich soil,
the plants may require more room, whilst in a
very poor soil, thoytnay do perhaps with a little
less. '
'■Wk
E OP Sowing. WitK regard to the pe-
riod of. sowing the Various kinds of seeds, the
adage " there is a time few Everything, " must be
admitted; but, however, as the seasons in this
northern latitude, are so various, it is 'not in the
ppwer of man to point out the particular days
mt each kind of seed ought to be sown. I will*
ilevertheless, make some mention, when most
kinds may be sown. As a general role, no seeds'
shwld ever be sown till the ground pulverizes^
and works fine, as it is indispensably necessary'
J'lr aad ram, which «-*> . P™VBiit the benefit «<■
«o^«g. which P„gh".:f P^^«g the g„„„a ;^^d;
theseoondpar" ■'*'""'' ''^^ tl,e cpnelusipn of
-^ ■■ ■ -■ ^ ■ ■ * ^ ■ ■ •
Rotation op Cpnn t^
agriculturalist is awarp't*. . '^^ ^eii-inibrmed
^^f ci dry crops, l^^^^'^T «^«^
aot apply so well to W « J T' ^"^ this rule tJl
f»
;t witfithe
tile former,
Implement,
one when
e will be^
revent the
benefit of
id aandy^
observed,
>und after
attended
son agri-
powerful.
lusipn of
librmed
>f crops
IJect, it
lid^uj-
tie w^ii
-4
m
•iderably farthered by telassing certain vegeSi*
bles, as the Brassica or Cabbage kinds, the legu- ,
minous or pea kinds, the bulbous or onion ]|iads>. ''
and the l^ht crops or salad kinds.
The following Letter is a literal copy, and ie
here introduced to the notice of the Canadian
Farmer, in order to shew him what benefit may
be (Jerived irom a tmall piece cf ground ; and, aa^
experimental knowledge is 'our principal object,,
it pii^t to be deemed a matter of some impor-
tance, to publish in this small work, the practical
and theoretical ideas of others ; particularly thosd
emanating from so cipditab .e a sourc^^s that of
the author of this letter. Th^ hope is therefore
indulged that it may stimulate; Others to " go and
do likewise, " as it is much to be lamented that
the " root crop " is too mucn neglected in these
provinces.
, Hawkcisbury, Sept., IS^S.
/Bear Sir, ' ■ ■ / ■•
In reply to yjotir letter of the 20th.
August, I beg to state, that in the year 184^, I
raised on seven acres of l^nd, ^2 tons of hay, 15.
bushels oats, 17^ bushels AJv^heat, 20bush^cor|i,
50 bushels potatoes, and 4 bushels onions, besidfes
400 bushels carrots, beete and turnips, mixed.
^dSke kinds of; beet wMch/I am in the habit <)f
^piltivating are the white beet, the blood beet,
" and the Bassano beet; and I find that for feed-
ing cattle, they lire superior to the Swedish tilr-
nip % one-fourth. Milfch cows that liave l?eeix
22
« IS as B» *°ejJent fted c _ '"" ivav. th^
-■~ vested before th„T '°%">at bean, u ^ ^^.i
^d "ntler cove, -tt"^ ^orourfS^" '^"'^ »«
rtftiwr ffla^ ^j- ^ien saved if T "J^' «od
• ""^ « as eairerjl^'*"' ^eed for i^,""" Way, the
*«ve never £eZ *°''?'>t after °» ?h "^J «nd »Wp
•ny Iwrti v«yT^ -Py other m« V.^ '"® ^st ha v t
*"y ofeymL-'^ "■« ^oe^t^'^""*" that Jr^m
i:;^«« Plan^eS out b«^^^'' <J"ring^h;^""°'P»%
£«atsnccessTi. tS' carrots LiT'ast three
^/° fonad to bet ""^ ^hich I hf I"'"'^^ ^^th
a foreign mariet . "^ J5"a' to an v f J '^'^^d has.
that seed laisS »!1"^ ^ ^^el ,Wt^i"f?«ed fron,
*?''erajsedaf 71.™°'^^ southern ,„^"^!3:'°J- to anv
^y productive »^i '"oacre. TK,- °' 'he small
^.^^'^ others^:; IS r"r ''?'"<'^d adw" '^ «^«»'-
^has year IpCU'PT''S 'vvo S^° it has
and harvested it on .^^ ""''i on the ami S^'W*'--
"being suffloienJf '''^ 1st and 3^ o °^ ^ay,
"!W bushels ZfZT^''^'' ^Ulyiidf' »°'«'ith-
'hw season, n^^'"'^' My ha/; ^f"' 800 to
«'«««go<^d.^'?T'"'o'tinX,f ^'«^^' "C
■^ am, Srr, your obedilT " y*«V
^^^^a.eii.^^-cir^''-
•^ %
23
^01- to that
should be
^^P^, and
^ay,the
*^^ ^uan-
'^cipaljy
'^ three
Ps with
sedhas: ^
'dirora
saying
to any
year!
smaJJ
*qual-
t has
'rlicr.
aiay,
nth'
>0to
PA R.T rtv
MW^ propagation and cultivation (tf %iniiaiilu
'mi^ji Frmts, See Index. ■ ®
APPLE TRIE.
Pyrus Malm. 1^ was not my intention t«
treat upon the culture of the Apple-tree> but as
many are desirous of raising the apple in their
gardens, I deem it not too irre\evant to make a
few remarks.
life No method of propagation can be injurious to
fW the health or longevity of a tree which produces
the plant perfect in all its parts, a fact which is"
abundantly proved by time and trial. The apple
is one, to the culture and improvement of which,
the soil and climate of this country seem particu-
larly congenial. A large variety have been pro*
■duced, rivalling those of the eastern hemisphere \
and the gardens and nurseries of Europe, send
^nually to this country for great numbers of
trees of pur 'esteemed varieties, which are there
classed in the first rank.
For this fruit, rich, strong loamy lands are the
wiost appropriate, and as the roots are more hori^
i' "A I ,'!.4r Rk** ^ i -rtU
■- .■■■ ■ • U ■ \ ,
the roots. Ti,";^ ^»oai of tht h*?° "ohestand .
f fte-' whieh^^t istn^ "'"' the S^/'s of the
'° mate as mlt ^'''''sabJe to JIT!^ shortened
^'hie;%'S^'=hea«hadhi°e tt'^.^^otssoaV •
»«"ml fj'l'f ^°«ts are nerLT"''y- ^^ car7
*'ee. interna] as7|i'^ ^ork, ever/'™^/h«sj„.
« ^e/1 as exferaaj, S,,^" "^ Ihe
'#
'j^^vatioa and
^*^^ey would
o^hertreeof
?''^e euoiigii
;\«ot Jess
' ««een to
^^oiiestaijd
^n<J about
^/•^s of the
shortened,
'•oots so ^»
' same as
^^^ inan
.^e care-
'§'Jt and
strongly
>mts of
^^e ren-
the 4^^
shaded
has ju-
of the
roduc-
26
tire of fhiit, and the internal part, in unfi^vonr-
able seasons, will rather receive protection tiian
injury fVomthj^ external. The moot preferable
season for transplanting is the Spring, ithe win*
tiers being so long and severe, that those trans-
planted in the Fall ma^ be materially injured*^
at the same time, I have known many to snoceed
well a^er a Fall transplanting. My reason for
Atating that those transplanted in the FcJl may
be materially injured is, because the root of the
j^c^n'g tree being so limited in- extent, if planted
in tenacious soil, is liable to, be lifted by the
frost. ■,•./, ;..:,.:' , ... _.
Should your trees tie laid by in the Fall &
i^ing transjplantation, they are to be laid, in a
manting position with' the roots well covered.—
fVtiilching is a good practice, that is, place- a few
bi^shels of colirse dung;^or litter about each tree
a.fter it is transplanted.
ASPARAGUS.
X^kmaUs. Thisshould occupy tha best ground
Mjltegarden. | See Article on toil and pre|^-
^ The following difections for cultivating Airpa-
ragus) are from ^e second volume of the Me-
moirs <rf the New York Board of Agribiiltiire —
they were furnished by Richard i^t, the old^t
I <
3»' ■ . ■ .
^en ^orse jnn L^^ ^'^timateJv J- .'«e depth
^s soon, no Vl °^ •^"ne, eu^t, ^^ may !)« >»lV
race even - J*' ^^osen the «a,i ? ^^ej** hot^ it
i" ^oXyef „T^ °«her ye^ «1"«k« 'he%/^^
ihe, - Tw^^ °^ good Vttr^ '^'^^ oneanh t J
''««<l'y fclr,"' Eafn^°" ffreataizeX"
. C^<is over iridlfc " 'hem ther«//u *" evenly
>«Pared for a,*^l« "»«m min^l'J'^^ toe thT
... ya'ffl«,t a^ree ,^,f r'h- " *"' "'« then
hove ZllfJr^'^ «thi&*^^«M>e above
"?' .Without aiav l^z^y^^ik
^''FriJwfT^Kff^"'''
w York. '^•*
JO the depth
^d then j,^
the bedjs -^
^rthe town.
>egu,toout,
maybe ew
'^^^^ lioe ii
''/ach bed
^^oj-e h'oe-
*^»i2eafad
''■^fir, cut
fii evenly
? hoe the
ai'ethen
'^e above
^^<erto
'eWade.
l^ould
&re the
^^adft>
^
plants. Abercroirfby recommends renewing the
plantation in ten or twelve years; but in this
country, the season of vegetation is so short, I
amo^ opinion thattho plants may remain twenty
years or mor6, ere they get 'too compact.
I should highly racommend that a sprinkling
of salt and wood ashes, he added at the sprang
dressitfg.'T'ii cutting the crop for use, ins^t your
l^liife down in a slanting direction, so that you
may not eat the buds which have not yet ipaada
i^eif a|)pearance. -
aktichokb:
(CLOBli^) *
.Cyfi^^aiSca/^fii^. A plant lUtle cultivated ^^^^^
\ America, ai|d in my oipmiqn unworthy of culti-
vatipUf liSy reason for stating so is, that it is of
so delicate a nature, particular attendance must
he devoted towards its cultivation ; and perhkpa
\^ with iti^all profit. •
^,
«of JO nmi(fl."''eis stand thlrl^r^M" a snSfl
^« it often bi jL'j?r°''y to the li?*'''«Pie» Z/
^f vo« to xxJ^.t^^<^ to the sS «■• * (feat/
ginned from ^e « S^'? a fe v bial-^-'i °? ^t.
■■d also fromotLll""*'' ^oxerl^^n";^. ^ ^ave
^«*?"»<>^ft«Z?^^i''''e»eVereX"»«>» '
'« a hardv
J^aen vege- /
^''08*, and/
-"Pies toQ/
'.««> great/
'^itseau:
>e of t^
» I h4ve
Mvown .
nev6^^
Aai«ed
« that
kind
and
j
aa
part of the above was given to the horsesy
honied cattle, and hogs; in fact, all of his do-'
raestio animals fed on them with apparent sati»-
faetion. The tops wore cut and dried before the
commencement of frosty and retained for winter
fodder ; the stocli: prefered them to corn fodder.
Shoul4 the latter intimation not be attended to,
I Would advise that they be added to the manure
heap, as I am confident they would be a valuable
acquisition to the same. If their culture be ex-
tensive, ( and I think the period not far distant,)''
part of tne land which they occupy, should be
allotted to the hogs in the fell of the year, as
they feed and improve better on this vegetable^
than on any other with which I am acquainted.
The hogs should be allowed ta feed on them till
the ground frSezes, and they will improve rajnidly
while feeding, by the ose of salt during this pe-
riod. After they have done feeding on thisroot,
corn shoidd be given to them so as t^ harden
their flesh. If ^ou have allowed your hogs mtore *
space than they can turn up, your store hogs msLf
finish the remainder in the spring. There is not
the least necessity of digging at any period dn
the &11> as they will stand the severest frost in'
the ground/ through the winter. I am not pre-
pared to state, thatthey will at any period, supj^y
thte plaee of the potatoe, but there are many naiw
who, relish them well, and deem them a wholes-
gome and nutritious food. It is said they will
amr tolerably well on poor land without maaare,
not I woidd advise deep plowing and good ma-
-« snnng^ tiwir moce extensive mtiu^ As l#
41
n the rows
^ ^ne drill
er af ten.
writers
rkid.
w-eeji
may
t dei
lied:
ling
311-
fiy
..•w
81
MsTHOD or 80WIN0. Plant all the aorta in
Vows two feet and a half apart for the smaller or
very early or very lato kinds ; and three feet for
the larger ; the smaller beans two inches deep^
and three inches distant in the row»
SuBSEuuENT CULTURE. As the plants come
'up and advance from four toaix inches high, hoe'
up some earth to the stems on both sides of each
row, cutting down all weeds. Eepeat the hoe-
ing, as fuiui^ weeds arise, both to keep the ground
about the plants clean and to loosaci the earth to
encourage their growth.-. In earttiing" up, great
care must be taken that the earth docs not fall
on the centre of the plant so as to bury it, ibr this
'.occasions it to rot or fail. After earthing up^ stir
between the^ows with a three-pronged fork.
I i I < p*
a<" .' h;-;-
KIDNEY BEAN*
PlMolua Vulgotis. Endless is the variety of
sorts* Some are dwarfs, some climbers ; but the
mode of cultivating and propagating is nearly
the same in all, except that the dwarfs require
smaller distances than the climbers, and that th0
latter are grown with poles, which the formet
are not. In this fine country, ( Canada, ) the
se6d is so good^ the soil and climate so favorable
to the plant, the use of the vegetable so g<^neral,
the propagation and cultivation so easy* and s»
r
'"%
88
??''»<* much I':?"" 'hZ'^roimJ. ?, ?w»
J*" eroiiud ,; „„/.'* ""'loss f^ "'""•''y ai» '",•7
'*,v«.r«.'' "<"'H for u.„^ ^ Jo„, 'Lm ' «: |*
. ^9 to th^ ^ '*' not iy^uT ^'iJio
."' wV Ve™ '"WO cron it;. . ^^ «« i.
'*» v,rioir^«n never ^"*'"» 'ten, Z'^/. ">« co/d
fl. r, *'•'> for if . '^'^ ^IIBK '^^"^ oroh nL
«»«»«* b;'V¥' "'e former'?"' »° a»ate,.»,,
83
^r^p. or
'' can be
"SF^- )^:
ET
Bet4» There ore varieties of thii vegtUbU,
tbe best of which for the toble, ore the early
blood-tumip-rooted and long hlood*red. llie «oil
in which it delights, , is a deep rich loamf kiud.
Should A few for early use be desired, f ^onld
advise sowing as early in the spring as (1i6 |[round
may' admit. If for a general crop, let the sowing
be delayed until May, us the roots Will be much
larger and better than those from early planting,
which from bein^ tVcqnently stunted m growtti
by-the various changes of weather, become tough,
•tri^gy, and of unhandsome shape. In case of
the fhiluro of crops, or of un^vorable weather
4n May, Beet seed planted the first week in Jfune,
will sometimes produce largd handsome roots,
which may be nrescrved for winterttse.
I recommena that the seed b^ soaked in soft
hike- warm water for at least twenty-four hours j
to be sown in ^ills from one to two inches deep,
and fifteen inches apart, if in beds. When they
establish their vegetation, they may be thinned
to about eight inches apa.rt. In cdl cases the soil
should be pressed down immediately after sow- .
iag, partiQiUarly that of a light quWity . i '
u''iL
M
u
»-
IP
^J»oe toadm?. " «.»<'« half feif^'^l^'-ed, ita™-
^^ii'rows AnTl ^^e mamir!, * , '^ ^o Pass Ha
'^ 9 c o L r j^iMBgi
m
35
EJET.
;^w .:■■' ■ ■■ .^,
^ay be foj.
,^^ pass be.
'Pnt into the
y^id hoard
^*«ef heeta,
5^ated ibr
Sa
success
ivatiouj
BRussEL sprouts;
JBotamc name as above. This plant is of the
cabbage tribe, rising from three to four feet higb,
with heads issuing from the base of the leaves,
like smaU cabbages, an inch or twoin^ianaeter)
these are very tender and delicate when boiled
after being ameliorated by frosts. In the_spring,
they yield abundance of fine sprouts. Sow in
May, and cultivate them li%e cabbages, project,
ing them in the winter*
B Q R E C O L E
.^ofaiMc name OS «iow* This also is of the
Kale or Cabbage tribe. Boudon says it has an
open head with wrinkled or curled leavea^ and
itaf a peculiar and hardy constitution 5 the crown
or centre, after being duly ameliorated by fr^t,
is cut and boiled ; it is extremely sweet and de*.
Ucate. I would recommend them to l^e preserv-
ed through the winter, in the same way a^sthe
cabbage. In the spring, plant ontf the steins,
which send forth delicious sprouts. Sow the reed
at the same period as that of the cabbage.
!.?
.t
-^ noh soij is ZJt^^y ^'ch and J*?^^^ about Qi
ereat favorif^ ;^ v,-' ^^ ^as in ri„ ,®^on» than
mi
1*
'^l^i» ounce
',^«e aeed--
P^g, it
2 about 24
successful
^on,tJ,an
/* is a,
M
early French cauliflower, wiU arrive to porfec-
tioii at a l^Wr period by sowftig in the sprirfg,-
ev6Eiii^,the open ground, and the treatment the
d^me as that of the cabbage . I would, however,
recommend that some of the seeds be sown in a
hot-b6di
Should any of them not arrive at their proper'
growth in the Fall, they may beuprootfidwitha
ball 6f fearth attached to the roots, andTrana-
planted in a cellar, in which a considerable ray
of light is admitted ; in this condition they will
improve. - .':<:,,/ ;>^' .■.„;:' ' ' '. . :,.%--r ■ ■' ■
^ ih%
O A B B A 0^ .
V StifsSUd (Hiracea Gii^cm. Vi^ictieis df thia
^lant havjB oiten b^ett introduced to oiir attentioi*^
^^ ii^anjf ^iiiiore than aj?^ ncoessaryibr ouj p?r«?
^tj^r^e. At. this perlod,^ however, J wul
mi ifltrbdtide tb your i^tioe - i^ #eater number
tha;n whaitmay be profi||ble aDyfuscful to yau>.
ftindtbteseytethdkrgeai^ small early jorEi Mi
gr^en fev^y tobeusedinthe summei'; tife^^^
tai and drumrhead for ndttter, and th«i§d,autch
Ibl pibyiug^ li^rej«re hX\m wietiefi.frfiW;^
laafeiu^ed^erygocid) but M tl^pi^O|«i^^
the pltittt is my j^rinoipal object, tmm x&^pfy
M/i^^dt thek, as Wiey> aU jf^g^uMie ^ t^^
te^ of tieatfeejot^ ^bae eiRMf^ "
H'
I- I
ft
■/
i
i
I
I
/*
38
* \
""d heai^i"*?*. you £j}Pf : Sh^'^e fast
""entin thi^" a<''ni«ed T*?" ^^d 8j> „ ^'*'-
a. ♦?^!°*J'^«yfl. B^5-'here to .f^^,^" and
r.entjrxJaya. tiJ!"''— there tn ,. ^ "^rt and
^Jt. fol.^" oavfrthflT:. "«* roota vr ''®^'>«
^/*e state of tJ,. ^ ^''««»t«n?
- ^«e state of *«>. — itfoiii
iS%.
^
V ,•
"J
te*"«, «"■<' «»<I
S''' '*« ad-
P'»«'« strong
*'' enongh
'' confine.
» are pro.
'^'naWWo
^^a under
wit cabbages or any other vege^bles. Wo o«i^t
not, however, wait long for even this state of im
atmosphere^ »ince with a little labor we havfl^ the
means of oiaking up forits absence* - r ^^
■ ."■■■.■ A ;. .
•TRAHSPLANtmo. The stnall early-york, and
others of the same si^e, which are not enume-
rated here, are to be put in ro^fjrs ef course. As
to distances, they must be proportioned to Uift
flize which the eabbages usually come to. For
the small early-york plant, a foot apart in al W
lections is enough; aod the large york,— «om
eighteen to twenty inohe^will be 8uffioient^ce>
For savoys and red-dutch , two fe6t apart in/all di-
>ections wiHsuiSlce, and for the large dr^m-hea4
three feet jaay be sufficient. One p^tioumry I
wkh youto observe, ftnd this is, ^t in traj^-
plantingVthe^«jrth must be caosejC to come m
contact witK the pofnt or loiJiror part of the ipot^
4hi8is'm imjtortantifhf^m, 1^ -
hciplowed or dug up^ nrcvi<ws %Q planting.
. Eve;ry variety oC cabbag^etbws best in a stropg
rich, subskntial soil,raaSff iucjining td^^^^^
^ isand; tmf will at ^e Wme tiJ»e>grow in^ny kind
if soil, if itbe wejkworked and abuudattllyiM^
nured wi£h well>^i«i dung, ai^ th#«ft#r iml-
ture wellattended to, ^I woi^ yeciOinnjeij^ %
hoe^th^mv^fW tj^ dew i| <>ii> >^^
..iWeek/.-:---,^^''' ■■ ■•■- ■4- . ;.' -:.-'^ ■'-' ■' '■''■ '■■'.. i -■•'_,".'':;■:■', :^.
' Sh^rt^your^l^y 0at^^
' 4o hur^ ere yoii are prepared to u$e; ^ii% ^
«aa^ lil^ ^m aai^iently^ to start or #8^
'M'
.,>> '
. . »
. fkr
N . -
40
growth ' ^ ^'•Wy^) and '
' '•'0 gwiind „^*,P'anfg i "® ''"-ain /i„ ^,,, .
^-^foA^
.. m
■ * AA% '
.,•■•■■■ .-. . ■ "^ , ■ " .. •T' .' '
J-e^aTd '^/,p^ ■ severe. " ' In this sittiatiori your cabbages will,
- ' ■ it is said, keep in a high slate of pre/iervation till
spring } for, being kept perfe^ly m^ from wet,
as well as from the aetiop of the'^suji, the frost
will have little or no effect upon them. In ad-
dition to the foregoing, I would recommend that
a quantity ;of earth or dther matter be placed
upon thesli^ or other covering, so as td make it
nearly impenetrable to fVost.
,r^)(;
?^ through
^3^ to
of tJiy
tase to
": their
At^l^l
^ at
ob'e
^ be
eiy
I ^^
#'.'
Daucus Carota. The early "Horn, or Long
Orange "are the best for culinary pur{k)ses,_^ and
the iUtringham and White Belgium foi field cnl*
ture. The last nAmed varieties require the samj
— BoiL t^eatment^ and distance as the b6et, with
the%cfptlonalpne pf beingleil si;x inches apart^
inthe^nlls. ■ .,. v ivi*. ,^ • '
The j^rly-hom var^dty, will do welrBjf having
jthe drilU ohe^ foot apart^hd four inches in the
drill. ^Tl^y ms^ ^ t^itined to this distaticei^ apd
by all m|»tts kept cleaM, ^ i* is^ w^li^ktxowil
fact thai np gardeai i^egetable will succeed well
in iti gr9W^/ifn«;k6pt clear of weeds. As^the
carrot ii^ so valuable an article of food for ctottle
widhoriesr-particularly fbr the latter, and s^
pMific withal, I eftrftestly recommend its fieW
cojyte to thi Canadi^
•'5 i
■\
L
42
V ),
^Vcvmber.
/.
•» «hey are 7:f ' ^'''y-^'nsterTnrf ? '^^ ="""«.
Whereof a li, *' °P""on the y .""^-P^'^kly.
'^^f latter a" w""" ^'o* <o a ve '^ f'^^-**'"-
"^Wenli^"^«"» 'o force ih?,°'""?^; ThoM
"e«. melooisi 4:c . . iT- ^^ sniaii Cota »-.
oonvenieBn. „f ?■ ' 'his Was on ' f°" '"onciim-
Jd.
'>'■' »
'««^ to the
^"«- To be'^
^or culture,
«8'-prick/y,
J. nere are
'nze^fight-
'*'*§« size.
^® paiate/
> ^est the
'5^ cotoe
Thosd
>ie, may
cucum^
^01- the
that 19
Tound,
Be.
'piece
thick/
^
■#'
43
■)i
den soil, WW .i:^pr flight seeds on '^'^^^^'^
mentioned on ^^^J°^fJ°^"j^^: As soon a.
inddhdde ihem for ft few days aftey.
tku plant, but the IMfopugatioj. .and onU.vat.on
1,» An same The who e ot that part ot tn»
vSiJ duX whteh the frost is o,,t of the pound.
Ktt Sf too long for SffS^Jf^ 'J
should be started in a hot-bed, ^attd P^^ J^
intoabedmade very fine, and th.s should^be
4one with cateri^t sUuUfterwBtdsl^^^^
wntty--once will answer, and then ^ey may^b»
Ihad^ for a few days. IB this bed they niaj
Imrkelastof^'^fane, ornbol,tthjtpe«^^^
Md then .nay Vie tmnsplantcd •" ^»;^«*^
raaJ» the tatter about four feet apa»t, Dm WM
.ye^y fine, if^'''* '" ">e iSaZ °{ '^""dasJieT
"»« lonir rood , y*""- plant, o„j'* *'"' ««ke all
"" «hey adv„„ ■'^.*°e them with "" *'« inoheii
■ t^"?- ^"^tLth P«"°d. iest w!^ "P' but
the loavesXa^fh^""*'' '^« WooL" f'"'"^^'-
«•-•«- -d^ern^-^^^^T'^^i^^P
'*^^#'-
-vl^
C^TRoK.
■r-4
^°"/ the earth
• I the gfonncj
Wood ashes,
^.»«i «iiUi:e aij
jm them of
,^°f«iithe
asixinohea
'«^^^ioe,aad
^^ "P, but
'** smother
•> hoJd up
M?etiy^Qja
^^ie good
^ ?P, and
^eJiar or .
^fioiJ, to
'^rtion.
»resei^
V
"PmnwacaroMMS. This tree being ornamental,
and ita fruit delicious,— being also one of the
hardy kind, I recommend it for the garden, shouW
the same be large enough, so as not to mterfero
with the vegetable department.
It should be impres^d on the ra)in$l, tli^t ail
trees Qiaght to be planted in the northerly aiMi
western parts, and some distance from the part m .
whioh you wish lo raise vegetables. It oflea hap-
pen*, that when^i gardisn is limited in «x^J^
too many trees are introduced therein j aj»a tiMP
skonld be strictly guarded against. JlL 4
As 1» its culture, it is equally easy a« thftir «F*
the Apple-tree. ; « . ^^'^^ i*-
A
•vv ■
^A
(^•■i
.'ffi').
C^E*WAYV
Co^^ufi c^rw. Th» oaifavay is a bienm^^ , ,
ittd is oiilt^vated chiefly for its seedi^ whiofe . w
uaecl in^ confeotipuary and medicjine i A }^ »»W^p
from seed sown in the fall of the year,a«,flpc^,^
th^ seed is nine. |t wiU soon wWie »$! ;^?H^
ance, wheiiitis tobetbiimedto the dj^te^^^
^e^ Ibet; eacht wy. H the sowiwt b^.^dW^T^
tffispiJiiy|feitT»fiU4Qt fl*oww.tWth»«pW«;l^-
^ i
/
v
49
m
'»»fy vegetable ''!••*««' ""-en OTee^'''"'"""' J
* After the nlL'.f''^ dwdmee th™, r" "" Sround
"■planted toom.,1 '^'C*»'<<croD V.-. i.
»«»nWe time f?" ""^ Pa«. that .k °'*«rVBd by
"^f Oii the ffrocin'rf K P'^^ed font fen* •ZTT^ <>'
•»«iS?t9'«i% Of I'^'tL'^ «^^^ ^
m
' ^*»^ch it i^
"cquainteii.
"' a« tt.ciij.
ttJe oa ie,
*;. '«y« of
'aian com,
« ground
sacli v^y^
>owi(i not
'vtad by
o«t aeaC
»e of a
oin the
'^''ec Of
^, hut
»e seed
C O R N . ( BuooM. )
Zea. This not being o culinary vogctaWo, itt
mode of cultivUlion i. in a 6ri'»l m'-''""'« °""^^
"d in works on gurdcniHg. As ^»"«^'»»Xa"
ntiso is on tlic i.dvuncc, 1 liovo oftfn been o»Kon
lyZmo of the en.errri»ing "i'^'-f «"t„^X,
thouRbt of its cullnrc on a lurgc scu o in Canada j
nwunswer bus been, ibut nothing .» my v.ow,
S hinder its cnllivution and l-'IFa''"""' ".u'*
has alrcod, eomo here to l-rlecfon^ A. o tho
way of raising it, I would advise He drill cm
tod£s"rvo that as the Uroon. ^^-""^»<''^".-
tendod with Drofit, and with a. trifling capilalr^
tostlcsTbesledb;i»gM..-ful.for domestic a»^
mals, its culture may w*",^ »"""■*;! 'f =. „.
.. It is said that the seed of this I' «0»-» "^
cellent for sheep. Albert H'^f'^-fd^f^S
Hadlef .tells us he makes use of the Seed ol B»
teSm corn to fatten Aeep. that they "W very
foud of it, and will fatten better on this t*^^
Dian co;n. Broom corn » "i»«tf g^'ij"2»
titiesia the river towns, Y**«" i^!Jl^Tf S«
made UP and distributed to all smarts olj^e
^nxry> Mr. Hibbard think, m br»»» «°!°
Zre LlKable for sheep tbao «•«• w any pm
■ immd for peuod.
■V
/
y'
s^ymy
48
^ H B S S /
T."!^"'©, and wi/i Tv This njanf :
^oU,{^th^' NeariH^ *«» not as yet I-
r"°* *%arA ''«»«%: ,V°^'*»^1^^^
•J?^'
88.)
use .nrjiiie
t be^iL
fa and
been
^aua.
cuJ.
the
^1 a
tode
4^
t H 1 V E S OR C IVES .
4'
> '4 , J
JUHum schoenoprasttm. This is a small iqplsoies
of onion, and grows in tufts. It is propagated
by oflBsets from the roots, and may be planted in
the spring or autumn. It is frequently used as
edgings for borders*
ri'i
C ME tVtt ,
CiumpHi^lun^ 1?his is an annual plant, wijh
leaves re$enit)Iing double parsley ; it is used in
«oups and salads.
■'■t-
CUB RAN T .
* - *
Ribes. The cntraht iMl grow iii almost any
soU, but best in that which is rich and lowny.
^er^ are many a^peoies, but the eonai^a red-
dntch is the kind generally cultivated, althou]^
the white and biaok^ (ribH mgrum] ) are not idr
together neglected. The latter t^ari^y |ear the
laigeii benry , and its eultivation should be more
a'Hended to, on account of its extraerdiimry mie^
dielnal qualities.
m
a
■i«**<*Ua
m. ■''■ ' f • ■■ >,
^
«!U/
^0
1^^^
\
EGG.1>L^T.
^*^:v:ijf-
'!;,.
■ . E u Pi V i: .
wlS?^**- *«*«• This ;«
» -
/■
»ouri currant,
"ot of an un.
o>andowinff
Of blossoms,
®«tal gardeii
>» <';v-./"|..
51
ingmanSSr!? Gather up the lefevea whea jdiry,
in a careftil manner, with your hands ; the form
you Will gather them into may be that of a ooiie*
Atpund this you may wind gently, some mattujg
or soft string sufficient to keep them m th^ir pc^
sitibn, aiui 10 this form they are to reniam at
leaat onefortnight, when they are fit for use.
^m
o Varieties
>«"l>ie, both
es,perticu-
deJiqious.
> ahd are
>j they^e
Bised in a
and rkh
i.ICK.
Allium sativum. Garlick is a hardy perennial
plant with a bulbous root. The bulb is comjjosed
of twelve or fifte'en subordinate bulbs, and pre-
fers a light dry $oil, rich bl^tnoViecently dunged.
It is promgated by planting ^he cloves or subdi-
vision of the bulbs 5 set them from four t% six
'! inches asiiiider, and abont tyro or three^^titjhes
^^^^Heej^jin-iriUs. ■" \ ;^' '-". 'v.^''--
aJ plant
^' Sow
® piant»
len they
foJJow-
M^ I . i:r5j
nayL
, Cu(tHri^:' On thisjplanty Mr. Cobbett makes
'4VfoUowing»e«nark8. *V ^J
^se that it is of. "V , . « ^ ,
So far is it of no use as a cuhnary , vegotaiue,
I will admit with Mr. Cobbett, but th«re are ne-
Tertheless, some varieties of this plant whith
* «-
ef» meloBs te., ian^^^. ^'^iiop from ^^
k-
'■\
^:^^^s^sB^&jBi!it:
«^Si u" '^ •* neither a Ji^i^^^^flmm^
«wd, but of eoad »!;t J f ^ clay niA a^iSIZ
yottr bashes S fy^^T"' '^i^^^t
• 'afe..
>".
.% Bheila
"sago will,,
^^ 4eep
'lutivatioQ
8oth iincb
andpein*
^Sticks.
. .. -■• 53
■" ••"■■■"" ■ V' '"■■'' '^'^ [' ^" ^ ■
iSr. 1^tli the koe dig well, aifiong^ the^oou, he*-
mg car6f\i1 not to break thepi, but yet to keep^
the eart)^, ^loo^ and moist. As often as ozioe a-
we^kj fro^ ihe time tl^ IHitrsets until ripe, wa-^
ter with liquid manure upon the soil and use the
jfqp ^iroctly after it. Jn pruf^n^ Jtet it l?e l^rne ,,
'k|6 'ih4 t>iii)|i^ w|(h. Weak lime, Wt^r^ ,
/.;
a ioostt
position
Plant
Wi .into-
let the
^Irom
.V. ,
-,'4 , ■. ■ -.",f»pi
Y-'
,«*,
^y cutting bits of the roote into leiitt;hl of a1tK>ut
two inobes, and putt]ii| Ihem spring, or £iU
into the ground iirMjUta foot ^clee^ with a setting-
s^ok y tHey will fifd the|r Wf %p the fir^t'vearr
a.
r I
! • 1
V. .;* -^/TiV-t-'W-'
' !j
t :)^* • *»
^
^.->, . '.:
\ • *
M
I
4
.^,
ii/.
*HOp.
in every part of our ooii!^.,!. V""^® ""'^e'* used
yere I „o\ to treaU iS ,L\ • '"'«'" »« nnjast!
%eJ.op thrives besi fn a deL^Vl* '° '** """'Ww
f 'yWtom, which reanir«,?ii'*"T/*"<^ a
. « lulls, three or fourZ^nt P'""'' '<■ Pl«nte4
The fi„t year 8majTpo"« onfv °f-,f^"y '» • hUl.
and these most bTpCS ,^'r*''" ^ necessary,
/'
^ E E K
r»i,
1 ■ . — -
plants to three inches aMrt1^*u' ^^ ^^ *«
Jhegwmid clean tfll fbon^Vh-^JS''^"^' Keep
tken take the pfante m^ ^„\ f,*^ **»y "f J«ly j
«oh long«.d M ?£k toM of tiT^ "«■ *»•»'
/
'^P ifi not 4i
^Hea» used
^. be unjust,
'Boil, on a
^ is attaoh-
If plante4
rinahiU.
necessary,
* position
jr creep.
mum
»e"#Sa-
iii Wlh
thin the
f ^ttly J
•ff toan
e«, but
b a ho«
55
.at two feet apart, plant the leeks in these drills
with a settingHrtiek^ feW^ning, them well in the
ground and leaving the drill open. As theplft^its
gf^, put to theif sides the earth that came oUt
of the drill 5 after that draw mdfe up tbthem
i6h each side from the iiitervaf, ahd if your ground
he really good, each leek will haASoatlainM a
sttfdct^t aize ibr use.
!-*\^-
\'*-
t'
«^,
liETTUCE;
•t
Zactula sativa. AU kinds of lettuce will htje
arriyed at greater perfection by being tranaplw^
e4 in gojdground.^ T)fe tennisbaU and otheit
8inaill^n<ds wil^ grow within six inches of. each •
other, but the royal cape,, grand admiral, ajBd to
Jl^rge caiWge kindjp. shoujd J)e set one foot apart
mm way. InlWBsplantmg, you wiU, be caxefiil
to allow sope of the original earth to adheie to:
the roots of your, plajit . when you deta^ji 0b
same from the seed bed.
■' f} ' ''*H ;
■■i>. ■ t
, ..'i'.
♦■ -.-y
|S EX aK ,
Cucumiimeio, f lilnak Melo^. ) . iE^»0 are
fnany varieties of the melon highly eatecflM^ iA
Burope which do not succeed in thia ©<amtry ;
f-" tiM
^1
tfy-'Y'V'
" For th^ ^ . y ^««J vtttjoa of
Tift *»-aV.. ••
^Pi^tdiftto i£i"*5, ■** "boa a« AifS? '^'*« the
-Vi
«
P^nt such %i
'Cf good jttuit
^ cautjoji h6
■««>?f« if om
mBhpa aiiJ
"ivatioa of
«
^anteloupe
a early Jn
■fi^?g* then
ach #ay.
fe t^h?e
If ^g,
Wlf aa
^ thin..
Inearth
mthe
have
«n^e plant and promote the perfection of the
fhiit early; after which ^ keep the ground par-
li^tly free from weeds by frequent hoeing* »
WATER-MlELON.
CwmrbitacUrullus^, In order to have water-
melons in perfection, yoii must fix upon a piece
Cjf very rich, light soil. Prepare, plant, aw^ ma-
nage in every resi)ect as directed for the Musk-
melon, only let the^Us be jieven or eight feet
distant eve!^ way. Qiie ounce of such seed will
plaat^from forty to fift^ills.., _ v .
I recommend, that fien melons be sown m
the open groUnd, , the period may. be when the
ground is warm, or about the planting corn s^-
json. Should hot-bed culture be prefered. the
ti^^mciiitm&y be the same as that 6f the cuopm*
■^M
V MUSTARD.
' • - . . , ,,,,(■,
Siht^. . The MIm or White Mustard grows
spontaneously in the fieWsof England 5 it is also
cultivated as a small salad as well as for seed.
The seed yields from every one hundred pounds^
iSrom thi|ty-threeto thirty-jsix pounds of oil, which
Is iweet and mild. - .
88
. oood of this species Aul " irT'^d ^om "he
and mnn.,faciSrcd in F^''^.?? ''.''"' Article mised
.tot?K"':"y' "O'"*' wri,?'""!:" "»><"> used la
•tote that a spurions nr ~^' '""!' "'Cobbett, &«
. "y.'^'i 'ni^rted he,^'^ ""f" 'he «amo ^
'•nothing eJso but n conT,^.":- ^'''nchester. « It
ff<Ji;ocd 'o powder somt,fr''°'' °'"««^«/fe««
*^ringandVdn,g S^7-'';"'fl<'nr. some c,^
Whoever uses that '-tuXd'f ^r^""' ^mT.
' a burnmg inside longX- hf h '^^'"'y' '*'" And
. As however the nInnJ „ v*"" »walIoivcd it
«'0U in Canada I C„ /*" ** '""""'d 'o Perf^
yourattention he folfoJ^TJ", '^-^on-mend ,o"
•n the spring, in drills Xh^ t^^"^' ^^ eaWy
nwf an inch deen • Ii.,t ir^ } ^'',<^'^<'s opart and
."» drills two fceTaC and , v''"'' ^°' «««<», °o^
itichos. '^"''""' "•'nned.ont to six
II 'I
A
M
as a ^tnedU
« stomachs,
^ «poonftiI
^otnc use
cularinor©
»«tnrd,and
'cle raised
» used in
name of
hricRted,'
f^ods sent
s»er. "It
^cd bones
>*ne co-
nt taste.
vil\ find
vedit,
perfec-
end to
vation.
r earjy
rt and
d, sow
to six
> .1
c
M A R T 1 N r A .
This is an annual plant and may be ranked at
a vegetable. As the young tender pods make a
good pickle, and as it is besides highly ornamen-
tal, it often gets a place in tke flower garden.
NASTURTIUM or STUI^TION.
• Trapacolum. This is an annual plant,abeAU-
tiful flower and worthy of cuHivating even as a
vegetable. It is used for salads and garnishing,
and the green pods for pickling. Sow earlv and
not very, thick J it should have bushy sticks to
climb upon. *
O K R A .
Hebiscu&hescidmtus. This plun^ being Sk lia*
tiveofu more southern latitude than thai ioi
an^pax;t of Canada, its sure culture here may be
doubtful; 1 shall not therefore recommend il to
the attention of the Canadian gardenet .
Any person how^veriwho may^je inelined to
try itaculture, and* should succeed in thf sam«>
^WF
99'
, tap
j»« scurcoly bo Uistiiigiiisliod from thn Im...
/
ONION
the^edTn^^M Of the several kinda of onion.
„«n»!.. '"'' ^°"°y '''•° "'« most profitable as a
general crop; and of all the varietier / noU.n
otuon excepted.) these will keen best tV«,lh
tW mrinter. The New Englandlvhhe i, » m fe
pTeasant onion, bat not gCrffilpi" "'°11f
th«^ vanetie, propagated by^^ed re'Z't'i^-.a^'e'
-. «,iT'l»h°'''"uTi" ^"'^ •'^*' '« a nioiat and loam v
ly sanay, it well rolled after sowing. pfevioVi.
~me of the oldest anf stSL^fc^ean"
win wmi^Vh "T'^*""*!*". if the seaZ
will permit. _ The seeds may be sown moderat«lil
I^d^ '",''" ''•C™'" halfaninohtoonSdel'
nud twelve inches apart. '•^^aaeep,
ho^'^'Thlfl^".''.?''! "P """""S they should bo
aoea. . Those beds that are to stand for ripening,
•1
fit
.houUl bo thinnca out while yo>»'8. 'f ' ° *^f
t„„co of iwo o'l'''«^'"';'r T;.!lor W^^
a few slioiiUl bo required lor u»o allor '"^ "»»~
ca . bo mkci which moro incl.no t^^*?*^^'"
,ool.,ttna if the bc<U bo ''«1""""y ^3^"'
«nd tha small and stalky .""«",''Yi"'^SX««f to
itand thickest, tbo remwmOBjmlto ^^»»* »»
a larcor size. • • .._ _
TUo pl«iite«hoiiUl bo hoed at leMt threo t.me.
inihewrlyrKirtof thoir growth i butil tho soa-
iSn proTo damo and weeds vegetate luxurmntly,
Ae/ranst bo removed by tho l'a.»a.l'<"=""'«'^%
Kons havo bcgur, to bulb, « would mjure
tMm to stir them with a hoe. When the green
n^is gono from the top of the.»n.on. it » t me
Ztako them up. as from this time the fibr««»
^ts decay. After they are pulled they shouitt
Kd out to dry, and when dry removed to «
JS.ce of slelter. ^'xhe small onions may ^ plant-
ed in the spring. Even an "°|0" ^^''='' '7"Si
rotten will proJuce good bulbs, if the seed rteau
be token off as soon as they appear.
■ m
THEE -ONION.
ing the biUbs (n spring or autumn, ^itherthe roof
bulbs or those produced on the top of the stelksj
ThKr, if planted in th^Bpring w.ir^^^^
fine onions. These nmy be planted mroVf* witn
a dibble, the same as shalots.
-..-* .
ft
y^-^v
;^
POTATO^ ONION.
or sevenin a olumn Mrtil "'j^'" PJ^uduoe «x
twelve to eiffhtMn .&'""'« sP"ng. from
they will »urvive thS »; r % ""^ autumn, as
-ith d"ng.a.t;;ro;'reavr,'S ;^<rhUy co.er.d
■■■. ■'^. -■ * . .
J'«fefC^wil^'^^ '* a hanly bi4-
•liwves of the common I ™i^"""^'V"'- The
hferb, and th<»« „p .^ '"™''y are used aS a uot.
afine^ruish. "^'^'"'^"^ ""Hied kind, mSS^
wdispensably necessary X, '' L>^" P'"?'* «
<lit«on to its utilitv iTT ' 1 • 'y weather. In ad.
«!«% ^^^.r^'^ yWs growth, a, M ,
* « ■ •:■..■■ . ■ . • . * ■ ■■••
r.,^
P E P'P ER .
Capsicum* This plant is a native of the East
and West Indies j it is much used for pickling,
and should be gathered for that purpose before
fully ripe. The seeds of the different kinds of
capsicums should be sawn in a hot-bed on the first
pf April , or on a .warm border in the month of
May. To be transplanted in very rich warm
ground, open to the sun, at a distance of fifteen
inches apart from each other.
•1 ' '"l '<! ■
■^
F A R S N I P .
* Pastinaca. As the seed of this vegetjable is so
long sown ere it vegetates, it is reoommondcd
td sow as early in the siting as possible; drill
culture is prefered ; the seeds to be sown in the
drills, fifteen inches apart, and thinned out to
four inches'. Soil and preparation the same as -
the beet* That part of your crop of parsnips that
yon may not want until spring, may be ^ left in
the ground, and those dug in the fall^ m»y be
packed in dry sancforsandy earth.
41'
>
64
■ (
I' » '
' -9 * ■ " •■
kn^l;^? *"*■***• These should be sown." if for
owari Jcinds, the drills may be three feet n™.,*
^ose p«w of a medium growth m^ w'S
.^ill, four feet apart; ajid for the Wst S
%e distance may be about five feet TkL f *
.ort, they may be sown one t0.j,n inch. * -
defelvMeh^'r":??^-. '^'"' ~il should be mo.
matter IS the best mamirSF The soil r^ V
the ffoqnd is motat, by mixinir sand^ff .?*
earth of the drijto. ■ """"K saw with the
As Oe plants encrease in erowthenHh tk.^
n^and keep theadear oImZ^Z if J^"
^ture, they must have sticks fcknSh?
;|«r^to them; « that they majcliit'SiX
''■''■ . " t
-A-
p
>wn, iffor
clear of
the loy(^
eet apnrti
lave their
est kii)d0
^he space
>Ilows :-^
f for the
r the last ^^^
3 be mo-
nger for
reduced
y loam
getable
^ early
.wher0
th fho
y them
gfarden
ipright
upth«
66
(.
p o
T A T
Salanum Tuberosum. Thin vegetable is so well
known to the Canadian farmer and |(ard«ner, Ihnt
to treat here at any length on the subject of tis
etrtture wouM in my view oj^pear rathef super-
ihion^j but, however^aal have been fts succcss-
fW in raising as early a crop ef potatoes. as any
fteraon with wkom I am acquainted m the valley
of the Ottawa, T feel a pleasure in recommendiijt
^ity' garden mode of culture,^ which is simple aM
perhapir no way nbvel to you. ^ ^ ^ i^. Z^
I plant in hills, because I conmdei'tj^ tfte
seeds therein derive more benefit from the sun s
heat, than if planted in drills. Prepare the sets
with two good eyeain each set, and this should
be done about two days before planting. Prepare
the ground by manuring; ploughing and harrow-
ing. Markout your Hills by dmwing a chain
Ihree feet distant each way, ( that is croes-wrse.V
Drop only |wo sets, in each hill; this, limi^
number of sets may appear rather strange, bilt
the folk)Wing are my reasons for doing vo. "^^ T«ie
ie#er the number of set^iir each the|retttei WiH.
be the quantity of nutriment to each set, and
^nSeqticntiY the quicker and larger #iH b^ the
v^tatfoft, but this is £br early itse. For li |e-
aerW crop-, I would reeommend a greateraiiitt^^i-
of sets to each hiTU ShonldyourgW^n*^ w^^^
e6l4 nature, I recomn|pnd that a smAll q.iiaitlay
of manure be put in each hill; ' *
V
A good mode of AisiDc- .„i.i„ » . .
•iwput the tubers in XmT/ P?'*'°«» " to
may be placed ia layeTZhtlT ''""<?• '^'"J'
on the sounder iATx or omte^Hh''"'''''^
to^-.when packed forgoroutinr„;„ ,^m"" P"-'""
pieces of tol^h sods the^^f*' j'* '?"' ""will
^hey may be'^lanTd 'wuUS'^^^^^^
wg the sprouts or roots whin i!^^n^^^^^'^^**<l^
JiJate thir growUrK^..?7y*^?*%^
Qd/sw early, they should be m.t;^*'" ^'^fl'^S^
rather^dry soil, to uv^dY Ku'b it" SfT^*f
t«g.f the weaJther is mkt and^o^,5'''""^»«r
l^Prunus domestica. This tree is ;« r
this couM^f y. It shAni^i k ® ^ndjgenous to
mv,o,.3 e„Ui.re or ac'cidentoUa Z^D ^?
becomes either very rich or ««;„ 1 "? *P'*
*^f
■€'
!V .,V.' ■•"
tmmerou. insects by l*«mg used «^»^VwasMo^
trees immediately aft^r pruning. Tlte contUJw*
tion'ofsotne. trees will bear a much stronger mik- -,
mre of ingredients tban others,- bttt the ijropw.
Ss^Safter described willnotl^e ^'^^^^^^^
^^^.^atv^m be effectual in the^destriiiption of
th^ilafva^ of insects:— - ,, * ' ^^ Vwr
« To ibur gaUoi&r of water add one^wn* oi
softWp, two pShftdi* of comnMm ^^m^T* ^^®
ounces of tobacco, a|id one ounce ^^'^If**;^?^"
per* AU these ingredients must be boiled tQge^
^ W for twenty K^nut^i at ^^^j}^^^
Ittke-warm fltati ^plied to the bark of tlie trees
with a sttitftblo brush. ""
\^
PEAR-f REE*
'V
- Pyrus communis. This tree I am sorrr to find
is not mttch attended tp i» Jj^.pwfc|f ^WMMia,
ami I qpestibn if the soil ail.ohmal»w thesaine
* are genial to its oultwr^ j should any hoj^veib^ *
desirous of cultivating it, 1«J its soil ^ndl^^of
cultivation be the same as that of the pluB^itH
^ the single.exceptionthat the former wij^qu^re
a deeper soil, as the roots^ gro^^downwards.^ ^ ♦
Grafting or budding the pear on Qumce^stocte
is aprocess resorted to for the purpose of dwatl- ,
ing the growth, and causittg -early ito^
RsM^imtilages are nowjlaitt happy l^i^diw
iiigHd»tolKvorinsQi»el?arU of Gaftada. -»
^*!"'i!>..'-.-T'''?^
ffi^i^jT^Wi. »-k
5=5?.5^-;?%5^^«
A ■
4k
...:)
ssa?"^
L^ # ittftll qwwiti^ of stable manure
- -Ui tWi Will nSbrd them semi-
ittte, wi4 fre^ from the attaoke of
mwhiohinfeieirioh garden soila.
"enoir acftislet rtiort-tQp is the moet
♦'
» , ^
ittdoki^
■J
HJlSPBEREY.
jfltt^Mf. These reqnire the eheltef afforded by
^hailge or fenAe to protect them from tho too
mMktmy9 of tlie sun. The soil shonki be a
™,^ndy loamrJt»erftctly friable andweUma-
toti£>sThey should bo planted in double rows
twelve iiahes asander, and running from eait to
weatLasin^tKat case eaCh row will aeryeuia
mmm to •iaUettl^einfteai.thtf^^^
i ■■ .-:!
.<■[!'■
.1 i.:
• .1
V
v^V-:
I
n Br% B i E 6..
tie wtiole alidlesef ۥ t^moiVi^^ cultovHc ^
tion, particularly ill eaw4a,wh&elhoapplfM-, 't '^
fiot as yet bean J^itoaiy teW^wal*^^ v •'^'^^
It stands tl^ha^est frost; if plant^^
^
V
4* (•"•
^ « I. -Y^
<!iWJi of eaoH section Pi„^ • "."""^ on Uw,
knife must not be used. *i. ' *'*"'' ftr.une.a'
,/■
to. h«i|^ ve that such a Jo 1 lTil^\ ^ ^'^^^ ^^ny i
ox|>eriinei,t^that the soil «„,Ai^i'^^ ^<^n<J by
ffoa, will -^uit thia veJetoh^^ ^^" ^^« A^para^
^Jeaeedor^efS;;-^-ayba „.i.^
f^^^U '^J^S^^^ When
^^ IK A C H
... I , ••
or ah^iitj
l^^r.-
J of eight;
' <m thov
• or, early
R>r.ttse,a
~N
nMon
ihd by
raised
when
inary
wpU
fl
vi
tlie first week in September in drills one foot
apart, and when the plants are well un thin them
tosix inches J they will be fine and strong J)y .
the time the winter sets in, and as soon si^that
odnies, cover them over well with straw, of with
leaves of trees which are better, and keep them
on till the breakinir itp of the iVost. Sow more
when the fVost iiolit of the groirad, and thi» wHl
be in perfection in tho month of Jane follpwin*.
This is one of the choicest greenS that can m
laised here or perhaps anywhere else. /
,S H A L litJT
V^
X
t
j#^-
^^ 4ilivm ascttlonicum. The tme Shallot isji na*
live of Palestine, and is considered to possesi the
modt agreeable flavor of any of the AUiunii genttSt
r It ia consequently highly deserving of cultiva-
tion. It is pr9pBgated by planting bulbs^or^-
aeis in the fiill, which nuiy bejet out with a dlD"*
bleiitt rows twelve inches npai|| and from four 19
winchesdislant in the rowsi or they may be
placed in drills two or three inches #ep and co*
j^eiod up with tt trowel or hoe. ' r
r^' .
#%
jA*'
m
\
'^.j'
oonnaet, the melon anf^l^^-^''? ''"kv^ich
•K^aiMMm/uu, .._ . •■"»*.' ''4* •wen g*w to i
Mused in my
or-foui feet apiTTbttfr^i! PlW^Sthree
•f^me Will r^ tt'rh'SL^S^"**'''"'"*'^
,
JP
'gres
•dult
hav
cult
had
plai
cas
tnti
me
i
upc
dc|
ing
tur
of'
yei
4
in
be<
pli
••.'i
-li
"l-pfF.
WT*
« : 78
Fmgiria. The varielict oC thii fVuit Ml »/
great, that I wM^ftot here eiramerate them._.
Many people hav0 »>^co'n« J»»^^"/"ff,^ J53S
<5ultivalitlg the strawberry, because thetr i»y
have proved barren notwithstanding good m^m
had become toO 6^ or else they had taken tlumr .
plants fVom some old degenerated 'tc^k. In eiilM^
case, a cruiy^of fine frtut need not ^ ^jw^^^^^^^^^
n\jL mustbiiikcted fromymirtg fruHftil pta^-
tfOiSns, well roo«L rurnieif of Hhe present sum-
mer's growth.- ". , _ y^, ^immA
* As fine « crop asj^ave^eyer seen #as «n«d .
upoQ soi/o^ly moHlbely nob, ploughed to the
depa#ot^nly a few mc^iat th^ ''T1„ltt
ing, and no manure applp ^^» '^*^Tk1 fo^
tu?; admirably, and ^^f^^^ /^^^^^
was not wet. The soil consrtted ofa mmuf^
■of day and gravel. 'I ,^^.
Strawberries should bo planted m rows ftD««
^wa and a half inches apart, and the m0p n^
■iml^n should be hoed and kept clear ^^wdj
m\ht rifcners to be taken orf, »«;»l^^*J¥j^
y«ar$ then they may tie-allowed ^to m ^P,^*^*
ipace between, and the og «>^» ^^Sf^'i^'^ ^^^
^f the above method b6 complied wit^ttP
tmnsplanting will be necessary in lenflwn^^ .
bed». Where ne w plantations are require^ the
last of Augi»t is a good period, as^ ^^^£^ ™
planti time enough to become well rooted mttoe
ffronndere the commencettient of winw>«l*n<^
gi^ei bhaaee for a^firuit crop the enstnlng seagen.
-^
I
TOMATd. (LOTl AFPtl.)
^Jlf*^ Xycop*^j»c«i». This plant is annual,
i«4 lot t»e sake of early fruit, it should be start-
m Jnahot-hcdand afterwards planted ok/— about
i^rfacta]xirt*
Jlhif will grow in rather poor soil, in which
7^y may bo transplanted near each other, civinir
Ionian opan place to the sun.
ToJ^av^ the fruit ripen early, the latter siting
tipa^WfU he OBsentiaJly. necessary, as it will }m
t9,»hp'tea the topi of the plants at the same
lime. - '
^.i\.v
^ r J - * ■
T U KKIB
^j;^;^r(wa. This being a wholesome and
Wiul jilanl, both for man and beast, and hichly
Reserving of cultivation, I sholl endeovor to »ti^
nmate those, of our Canadian yeomanry who
liateliit^iertp neglected the culture of this field
"*^^H ** o««f" J garden production^ to exertion
antf diligsnce, by inserting one or two extracta
from one 6i t#oanthors as well as a remark on
the anljedt, from myself.
"^ran early crop, the n^ntli of May is afii-
VowWetijiie for sowing tul^nip seed.aifd by tha
h^cMT andof Jnly they will be sufficienily laifa
wiithc»fc^lifeB,und continne in good canditioii
tir &4^iiiiU«[abla length of timei.^'
J ^Wdgtlie many enemies that the tnrahi ha«^
lowvunteii ihe tUrnip<-fly seema to be the
m
anncmf»
)e start-
—about
whioh
, giving
r sitna-
will be
e aan^e
K»7,
10 aficl
highly
to sti>.
f' who
4 fieia
Kerlion
itnictm
irk 9n(
It a &•
)y th«
rlarga
/ f5 ^
immwliately after the '?^"^'^^Engli.l pitbli-
«tlionor much «'T^''^r^'"^,i„^»,tttiMHlP
arrest the ravages of the tnrmp ny . n
„_by me«ns of a len»i'''*»J^*Z'JXMi»h »«W««-
-aSi'S' the ,"r«ev.o„. to ^wing 'jd tHe
«w,ntfi from the seeds thus prcpa|f«<» wgp °^iS^
?^t"dbythefly. The .»me method K^
adopted Wh, the eabb»8«j««a^;«;»ih "»••?!,
tjjejun which gives "r^gth ana on
''?"T"^e:^re7le:-theVantfi'«t»PP««''''rS
cloudy *'»?;'' "3"f the same asiomet b Mtagh
oontinnestill Iheh^fofit -««» ih« ravage* of
«rX;^^rt^» Wthe^BI«X^
nor Mtc w«w« «---'-
Aatbklswadish^
m
beat fof • h*^;?*?!
a
'■. ■ '■'
;■ /' <
76
the folIowiDg mdje, whicl^ I have followed wHh
ntl?''^ T''^*. '^^®P in >eadijjess good strong
' S;?i i""' ^^\^^'^y part of the monith o$ July, o?
•l^Li* r ®'''*I?* ""^ ^T ipotatoes are dug^and
^ Jlwed from the ground. AH the vacant places
i^^y^'w/eariy potatoes had oqpupied arc Aowto
lie mied by your turnip plant«, ami this .process
you may cdntui^ie for one month. I have this
•WSon nftsed from my enrjy pftatogi^md a cbb-
Jiderable quau|ity of Swedish turhilie of a medi-
l^«lr [u'fr ^^^' ^y satisfaction relative
iiiereto,that I once more recommend it as a sac- ,
^isful mode of culture. '
Field cnUuife the same as that of thi Beet, fbr
^hiQhste MangtU WmxelL ^
••«#■
V. 4^6 B AC CO?
tr.2^-^v ?w -i*?!*Jy pl^iit,aUh<fti|^ oftoi in-
2^T !^1S*? ^^'f ^'^^^^"'t*"*^ to the no small
^staste^f the v%in» of thl^t departnwnt. The
ate of 4he tobacco plant is so w^fl kn<^nithat%
Jescnp uoa ef^t her^ in my , opinioi^ bl
deen^d superfluous j and for the sake of ^re vitT .
l«haH «Piihi>e in^olf only to a few remark* on
Its proimgatiottai^ cultivation. M it k a pltfnL
^^hennia^i^factured and imported to this colony
phiced under a duty to no ibmall inkouat, which
n,ecv»8sarily raises it in prixi», rthouldobosequeiit*
ly recommend its ctilture in Cana^: iTS also
well kuciwn" tlwt U h^g been and oaiibv huied Uk^
f Should any P«"°» ^J^f ^3^ feS^^
tobacco plant to any extent, I shQUWr^ ^^
the propriety of engaging »n»«1^^ Canadas.
let.fo, - , k «f 4'°°'T''f^«c«rya°o°rand imnnfacturer.
of tho plant m vno ^ j,,,
Pao?xoAT.o«.Jow early 'Btn W « J^,y
yegetation w rather »l°J'; J"^ „, itber inflam-
mable tuhbrtK^Khioh you wiu^o^^^^^^^
:ssrSti:iS^«:::d:Uuin.,
( haltoennv, ) they may to W^J^g^'covered
JtoalTbB done on » <''°"''»-^?; reauUe awntl^-
^^hTK^bKwSr exc,p.i.a that
■l^
^^•-^' '
i;, »
- ^
^■i" '■
'" .'
'%
'■ ..■-".
A
".-<:
jp* ...'
; Jv
; ■..
Kj^v
/
■"l!
. - - « . - ■ - - •
'. «.; ,
«.
■ :;#,:.
IHKH|fe|" V^HH|
k
i
1
V. ■■
, *
78
the^flower bi^s are to be pinched offas they bake
tHeif appearance, -and the same is to be done not
only on the top of the plant, but at the foot of
•every le^f. >^hen the leaf becomes ripe, it
|»pveg to be so by its spotted appearance. '
J^l J» Er( Grape. ) ^,-
^^»inif^ Having given some
. rsonal attention tb this friitt for severah years
past, I am slatisfied that it can be'raised in m-eat
perfection and with little trouble to the cultiva-
tor, It he s6ts out right in the first instance, and
follows up my syi^m with care and attention.
As this fruit should hot be confined to the irar-
dens of gentlemen alone, but to.^very man's gar.
den if possible, I therdfor^ recommend that it
may be planted on tJie southern side of your wall
ofbi»ilding,opentothe sun., Any kind of deep
wi Ipn a dry bottom, Well rilahured and trenche/
Will »/e». answer. Jn^ selecting your vines for
planting, make clioice of the earliest kindr, not
k^iif- ^f ^yeaw old, and in a healthy state.
^Uld you not be ^le to procure these, cuttinga
wfll answer, as they often bring^forth . fVmt &
S'll"*^^®^^®^'"?^* '^ two years. If the cut-
ttfigS bb of one eye each> they shoirid be frdm the
hMt^Mr's growth, andas^^
rftfioch long, shoold b<^ left ttttaDh«d to the bud
i^nd ^stteiidifig h^ an mok on «^ aid^ ^ ii.^ "
Shj
may '
groiir
a see
bette
dais
If
"be.lB
leve
shoii
then
A
diffc
ticu
too
as I
: -■ ' 1
tha
ad^
faV
mc
thj
na
V€
fr<
■a
A
I
\
V
y tnakd
one not
foot of
ripe, it
I-
\ • somo
1 great
ultiva-
e, and
tion.
e gar- .
*sgar-
that it
irwail
f deep ;
ichea,
les for
8i not
state.
irit m
s cnt-
m the
ranch ^
i bud^
•ii
TO
may be ptot*^ m the r desl.nea »P , ^^^^ .^. .
groimd be not prepared, ^l^^y.^^^V.ngs'wiU strifee
a wed bed for one y/"- * lUa »V8 of the mid-,
better if partly shaded ttf»M »y» « « .
daVsnn. i- .„„n,urfives. they should
if thocuttiagsareof sovomlcyes^^tn y
to. laid on the ground, f»°P;"|' '^'Xe ! they-
,e5el with or ."JjlV. J?»S'wet4 tbi, vJiU Wt
should be Keiit'hwnst but not wei w
them. .. _ , A«W;««»in(r the vine in it* ,
As tlio system^of (jnUivatmg tn
differentstages of growth. s8o«xt^^ taking up
ticular.that tof<^U«.^t^he e.v«>^^^
as possible. .C^L««.;rirtnqof the "W^a^^^'*
f-n thisobuntry, tWtran«.tionsot^ «,^^^ ^^
that ^ from heat t» cold, a^^^^^^^ i„ the
advisable to lay the vwes °n ;'« g ^.^^ „
• fall of the year, '^."'^ ""J^'Zadbeout offew
mafiure,^ the """P^J^^tS Ull the termi-
, lbs process,) and to. lay w . ■ ^^.
. . ^natiinof the severe flfosU. g^^o^^^ by b4»-
ven. because the vines are o"«° *»"°^ < . UAfttip .
f«^n. during the /.Mafo" °f ^^^f P>^%^
«me may be applied to oth«t«e^ j^^^
*• »*,,*l!!.Slt?uSd*ce*wWh the spa.«» Ih?
nUnU may ocoupif »"««
1
'."V
' "V- .
/ ^
'>\'»
to
\
lEXPLiSf ATION ^ OF THE ANNUALS,
BIENNIALS AND PERENNIALS. .
It niay be necessary to explain as we^o along,
that th^re are three principal descriptive natner
r^ven to plants, namely, Annuals, Biennials and
Perennials. The annuals, being of one season's .
duration, are raised every year from seeds, The
^biennials are raised from seed one year, continue
till the second, then perfect their iieed and soon
after die. Some of these should also be raised
every year/rom seed, but. wheh once raised, tboj
Mrill oontinue on the same rootsjnany years.
Treatment OF SMALL ^BEM. In the third
part, containing medicinal and otH^r plants, the
depths and distances tosbw the seed and raistv
the plants are not mentioned, as mbsV of them
«re propagated by parting the roots, and will ge-
nerally \^ raised in small patches. Therd are,
however, several kinds that I wbttld recommend
tol»e#ownin dHUs about six or eight inches
apart, a«d those are the Sweet Basil, DiU, Sweet
Majjoram, Rue, 3a^on, Sage, Savory arid Thyme
Atto the ^epth, from pne-fourth to oniliiioh will
toffiee; this will be regulated according to ^the
•i«e of the seed. Any seeds that lie iiear the
eurfaee will vegetate quicker and letter, by lay-
ing over them some straw, or a worn-out rug or
mat, nntil they appear.
♦ ■
Pa
tion i
Herb
•our C
Al
fectii
they
ving
th08<
seas
of e
»
hav
her
sep
the
dei
by
h<s?i
he!
inj
th
en
th
th
ii<
/-
I?
1,
41
our Canadian fnendt. . . ^^j^^gj gtate of per-' ;
feotion and fnUest ot JMi^e "" ^ h,.
they befin to flower ittotatani ^^, „j
vine neJtheT the «»? *»7'. ""Jfi. Ljght of th*
2Z which are f *«^f „ ^^^Vrt'of the crof
season, that i., wKnthegr«aet par
of each .uece. « "P^v/Xh mean, they will
gathered in a drr day, by wmcn j,, ^ your
SjeabettercoUr when dried.^^ ^^
heih. well from dirt "Pf. ™*,^"^„e,, and dry
, .epwate the ^unohe« into smaller^^n . ^^ ^^
♦ ihSn by the heat of the rt«»e. ^ .^^, ^^jjiy
doubt of the PwP»«ty f^°{^'"«„therthanby the
by the meana of %*'«« '"^^ """.VeX^ of artificial
hUof theyun. I.n*« W'^^^^^^ avoid bnrn-
heat. the oi.ly^airt>on r^«> e « ^,^,4 by
the P'eM;v«tion of *«^Sy dried, to wt
cMrtoWifwhen they a'eP^'?*,^^ pi^^e ; tat.
- *^*^.teto SKthe leave. i»«)ona.'th^
tic pl«nt»)>is to picK on vu j^j^gl^
*«Uiveas
, ana lo puivc^^^ — ii*^^««*,i
y
f>l
UPPflFl^
■'■'*Wi^ii'
r
RAtTTS
, ■ , ' ■ * ■ ^ . .
P AE1? IM.
CtJLTIVATED FOR MEDICINAL
OTEU^R PURPCk^ r
J^«MJ^|^« pJant w a hardy perennml y it is
Jreiidilj imi|[a|p.d by parting the rooti. A uUqng
infilwoBof tjjtt^^rbuog shoots drank as tea for
some time, has proved of service to nervous and
hnipohoadriaohttl patients of a lax and dbUUita-
^d l^biti It is iilso good in feve^
laitf «7 Stf^Mi. ) « Is a very sweet ahnoalpot-
*. A very little of it is sufficient for a gaicfcn.
Illis prdjMi^ted by seed or from offiets.
JtoiMt; -kCferrfcn. ) This plant is perennial,
and propagated by seed; is a good medicinal
Jierb, and often used in salad, s. /
Chiamomih*' ** This pfant is perennial and pro-
pagated by parting the roots arid also by seed.
It is a stimulant arid tonic — lisefril in febrile at-
tacks, debility, and in all cases same a^ Mayweed.
Om^. Thift. is perennial and muciliiginoiiih
valuftWe m coughs and conaiimptivfi com^nta.
May be propagated by parting the ro^^
.^
Is an annual plant a^ mgoo^ 'iZ
soujps and salads. The seed is also inw#iui a me^
4^iQe. A small patch, ivftbably two square yaub,
will be enough. Propagated by seed. |
Caimp. Thisplantis perennial and propaga
ted by seed and parting the rooU. VtinabMfof
Infection. In fevers it promotea perspiration
Withdot <||^nf the beat of the body. ;
'€■
ma
s
ppt-
I*
\
• 88 •
by seed. The »e?«t,.„d alto occasionally ra
vSng a flavor to p.cklej, and aUo^occa ^^^,,^^^
^ups and sauces. .It »»'*' "*'"
p^raUoas. ' ^ ^ ^^^ ^ , „,t
*^'^' ?^lhS»ed Itisstimnlantand
quently propagated ''J ?f^; , " y. also in arth-
fonio, --^.seftU m coughs Mj^wlds, a ^^
Wiatio affaotoBS and m pulmonary "'"^
' Say hS preP«'«d with honey and molaswJS. ^
irZl This is a perennial and propagated
by^^X dT'^^M roots. Iti.recon.mend-
.Xl^:^m.S:s«rr=rpf^-
"'t^^^:^'''™.,lantispropaga^^
,^4 1^ Winter Manoram^
*'Zf This isa genu, of Pl-:!^:^"!^
twMty-fow specie.. Thow cn»U«^ »« «»'-
. /•
t*
ife*
tl^^
4
2»
■ y. ".'%
\ '
»4
««
dfens are peppermint, spearmint, pennyroyal. AH
th6 species are raised by the same method, vias : —
by parting the roots, by offsets and by cutting
Young stalks. Peppermint is a pleasant stimu-
lant, promotes perspiration, and may be adminis-
tered in all cases of colds, pain in the stomach
J^and bowels, flatulency, headache, nausea, dec.
Spearmint is Vk ionio ind stimulant, and is em-
ployed to stop yuq»itting and allay nausea. It is
an excellent carminative, induces perspiration,
. warms and invigorates the system and quiets pain
in the stomach and bowels. Pennyrmfol is an
agreeable stimularff and if convenient should al-
ways be used in gfVing an emetic. It promotes
perspiration ai^d i&cilitates the operation of lobe-
lia. |t is also a valuable carminative, and may
be used in all slight attacks of disease.
Poppy. ( Opium,) This plant is annual from
which opium is extracted ; its use is so well known
that it would be superfluous here to mention any-
thing further about it.
, ^iue. This plant is perennial and succeeds bes t
by being propa^ted from seed. It is efficacious
in destroying worms and for strengthening the
^itomaoh. ^ s
Saffron, This is annual, consequently propft-
gited lr<nn seed. It ma^es a valimble tea for
children afflicted with measles, chioken-pof and
all eruptivB diseases.
Scige, There . are varieties of this genpi, but
the small green-leaved or sage of virtue, is re-
commended as the best. It is a perennial and i»
piopagiij^by seeds oir suckers and by portions oT^
»
t ■ ■ .
^M In «nv toil not very •*•»•=
^d tooU, and 6'<'**'^"±e"Cd for worm. .«
The leave, are u.edm hs^^^^^ ^^^ ,.,, ,^ «
ptopagatel by .eed. U i. u. ^^ „,^„„,.„„ the
Wood. ^''•"^'^rt'.apetennfaUndmaybe
Southernwood. ..T"" '" It'll n»o4 *>» wTwanT
propagated hy cutting^ j>' *",J'be too tedious
Hioin*! P"?*-?:?^ The m0.t effectual of al^
to mentionthero ^o'e- V". ,a disease, m
*° l^eUeve, its appUoation^fo'^^j .^ ^_^jj^ b,
• ''''l^'^"- 'f."„^Sto w°und. with sucoe*
wort,it» often appuea j^,^ ^^^^
Tfcy^. There «« "'?^ , they •>»? ^ P'""
pagated'ftom "eed. ^wn e J .
Wormnwrf- * P*5:tine the roots. U » »«>«
•
.4 ^
»»
FlN IS
.ifl
k
.!.|
*
w
^#
-.'■^l, ■-
'"i.Jj.N>
*i--- *»^
/
■■\
- i,|.^»
\
V
^
\ ■
¥.
H:*
. . 4 ■; '*,;^f 'i"
i
Apple
A»iMtra
Attioh
ac
Baan,
Benn,
Bettt,
Beet,
Brocc
Brusfl
Borec
Caoli
Cabl)
Carr
Cttci
Oele
dP'W^
,i'
\
1 M D E X
■'¥
PAOft.
AppleTree, - f
ao. /«rfiMie»i ^»
Betn, JHdn^jy - »»
BrocoU, - " ,;
BruMfels SprottUr ^^
Borecole, -
Caoliflowof*
Cabbage, - .
CJarrot, . -
Cucumber, - .
Celery, -
Cairaway, -»
Cornt Indi(m
Corn, Broom >^^
CoSeet Canadian •p-
Chivesor Gives,,- *»
CbervU, - - ^:^
Egg-plant, •
Endive, - .
Garlick . -
Gourd,
Gooseberry,
Horse-radish
Hop, - -
Iioek - . "
Lettuce . -
Melon, Uv^
Melon, Wq^t
Mustard, -
Maninia, -
Naslurtiuitif
Okra, -
Onion,
Onion, (jTrer)
Onion, Potato,
Parsley, -
Pepper,
Parsnip, . -
Peas, - . -
Potato, ^
Plum Tree,
PearTrfee, >
Pumpkin, -
PAii*
ft.
51
, ^^»
ii
W
ti^
- m
- %ki\
. 60
- ai
- ib.
. 63
- t^'
U U
- 6&
. 66
. 67
. 6S
r
JltJ
H*
■•|;
U
'11' ,' .. ■' s
it.
i 69
•Quince,
Kadisbi
Raipbcrry, -
Rhubarb, ^ I* "^^ t6.
Sea-kale, '0,^'?- •', ;70
i^pinach, /'rs; * it > ^.
Shallot,
\ <(•
■i'/k i.">;
Salsify, IVf. opuTir 73
Squash, • • 4b.
Strawberry,* - 73
Tohiato, Love-^ppit ^74
Turnipe, . », > i^.
Tobacco, : * *. 76
MEDICIJIit 4m) OTllUE PLANJS.
fv
«**.■..
j^t;
Balm, fv f 82
Basil, twe^ •4b,
Burnet, Garden ^^^ifb»
Chamomile, - lift;
ComfVey, i •
Catnip,
,*>!> Celendin*, -
W''i^ Dill, ■ •,\-i-
^; , • F^erfew, -
■^;v||Hoarhound,.
Hyssop,
Uouse-leek, ->
, "VCcoundIvy,
er
■''''< y^*'
Sweet Mirjomiiii 88
Marigold, - . - ib.
Mint, - - - ib:
Poppy, ( Opium ) 84
Rue, - ;/' - * f^.
Saffron, - v ^,
8«8*f - *• -* •*•
Savory, - - 85
Scnrvy-grnss, - i6;
Southernwood, * 11.
.Thyme, - - ift»
/ VV"ormwo©d> • r, <^*
#1
1
^
. .1 .' ;
•
.a
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ii
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f
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r-t'vv
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-
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