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TO THE FREEHOLDERS OF CANADA. 
 
 r! 
 
 Cicero ;n his offices, suys : '* There are some eimrticters win* 
 "■ uspiriTi;^ to the udministrrtioii of (loveriiment are prepared to do 
 •• or isurter aiiytiiini;", and are >iot ashamed of the meanest actions, 
 *' or prostitutions, ]»i'ovided hy these unworthy niearis tliey liavr 
 '• reason to expect the success of their desi^-ns." 
 
 rp 
 
 The CuARACTEUISTieS CF TUr: PRESENT (lOVEIlNMENT. 
 
 It is ibr you my fellow citizens to consider how closely the 
 words of that celehrated Orator and Stateman, are applicable tt; 
 the men who at present are ruliiiii; the destinies of Canada, and aslc 
 yourselves, if you can expect truth, honor, and lijood Government, 
 to lie the ottsprin<^' of base conduct, or that those who have sacrificed 
 all feeling of self re-pect to obtain power, can be expected on its 
 attainment to alter their principles; or conduct, for the benetlf, 
 of the Public. Is it not rathei* to Ije feared, that self interest will 
 be their guide in the atlministration of alfairs, and that to continue 
 in power, they will use means equall}' dishonorable and unscrupu- 
 lous as the arts by which they attained it? ■ , , ; 
 
 The necessity of Consideration. 
 
 t * I . 
 
 These are questions worthy of the serions consideration of 
 <jhose upon whc ;e verdict at the Polls the success or failure of 
 aspira'.its to power in a free country depends, and there never was 
 a period heretofore in Canadian history, when the necessity of 
 active supervision of the characters of representative men was 
 more requisite than the present, for closely as the Inde])enden(e 
 of Parliament Act may guard against the bribery of Electors, 
 nothing but personal honor can preserve the elected from being 
 debauched by a corrupt Government, of which the late Session of 
 Parliament has afforded ample examples, and the indecent haste of 
 its prorogation, to prevent the reading, and C(jnceal the results of 
 the Ecport of the Committee on the contracts granted by the 
 Government to the Speaker of the House of Commons. . , , 
 
 Before entering upon the means employed by the present 
 ruling party in Canada to obtain power, (and it would be improper 
 to separate the Government from the actual perpetrators of the 
 dishonorable acts hereinafter* recapitulated, for the actors have 
 

 \ 
 
 Jvij'cii hoiioroti uijil j'owardi^l by the Govonunoiit,) ft umy not be 
 in'ol(;vant to <^hinco at thu' ])()sitior> of'public alt'airs in the (V)iiiiti'y, 
 inimotliaU'ly aj>tiH'f<leiit to tht^ fall of the late Adnrmi-sti-utioii, for 
 froiiuently in the heat of political disfiLsslou, facts vvcn ol" re4;eiit 
 ♦lattt, nvc for.u'ottfn or perverted. . _. 
 
 TiiK Canadian PAtt^ir Railw.t. 
 
 No n>an ]u>wever little ^iveii to coiisideration of the com- 
 plicated interesl.s of the widely :<epai'alc<l divisions of this .i;"eo- 
 ^ra{>hically i^reat Dorarnion, but )nusi admit, tliut to c<msoli(hite 
 (Hiich an om])ire ibv [Tolttical, cominei-cial, and agricultural purposes, 
 a Transcontinervtul Kailway was, and is a necessity, and that 
 llie determination of the late (Jovernment to construct it was a^ 
 statesmanlike conclusion, independently altogether of tl>e pledges 
 at Confederation to British Columbia, which rertdered it im- 
 perative. 
 
 The AmericaTfK n(/t satiii(fled with their Pacific Railway to 
 8t. San Frisco, were constructing a more northern route toterminate, 
 somewhere on Paget S<^)und, to command the I'^astern Commerce 
 and that of the Soutliern Archipelago, as well as of British Cohimbia, 
 and by comiectiiyg lines to tap the trade of (^anada from the Iioc-ky 
 Mountains to Lake vSupej'ior, and knowing that the (Joverument of 
 Canada had decided upon constructing an interoceanic Railway 
 within British Territory, the coi-jioration engaged in the Noi'thern 
 Hacitic Line determined if possible to upset the existing (rovern- 
 ment in Canada, and for that pur|>ose employed an agent with 
 an almost unlimited supply of funds, which it is stated Avas lar- 
 gely used for the purpose of influ(5ncing the elections of this 
 Country. 
 
 The late (iovernment to counteract this conspiracy, called 
 upon their friends for pecuniary aid to assist in an electioneering- 
 expense fund, and carrietl the elections, despite of the Americanized 
 part}', whose success would have defeated the conntruction of the 
 Canadian Pacitic Eailway, the necessity of, and key stone of the 
 arch of the Dominion. 
 
 It was then asserted that Sir Hugh Allan had given a large 
 Hum of money to bribe the (rovernment to allot him the contract 
 for the liailway, but no man who knew an^'lhing of the arrange^ 
 ments believed a statement so baseless and absurd, and the explan- 
 ations of Sir Hugh Allan as to his subscriptions to the electioneer- 
 ing fund, were amply sufficient to dispel the calumny, the con- 
 struction of the Railway being considered by him an equivalent 
 in enhancing the profits of tiic large capital invested in Ocean 
 Steamships and collateral interest of six millions dollars. • 
 
 Without defending the use of money by any party in payment 
 of the electioneering expenses of their friends, or otherwise, and 
 there i» no proof that it was spent in any othej- manner by the 
 
 ft/:- . 
 
\K\vly ^hx■\^ in ])()wer, it may uroperly Iki ui'i;xMl, tliat lli-e use <»f 
 iiioiicy In ckn lionoei'iii.ii;, was •conuiion to evcj-y party in the Stnlc 
 at that j»crioil, and with no party was it so prevalent, u»s v;ith the- 
 present ]>art3' in power, as was eleai-ly sl)ewn by the ulleii,-eti suh- 
 sidy from a f'oivigti coi-poration, the Bii^- Piisli Letter of the Ihui. 
 Mr. Ih'owu, and other facts, the <loluil ^>i' wh-ich is unaeccssiuy 
 i'rom tlieir notoi'iety. 
 
 Thk Contract. . - 
 
 The construction of the Caiia'lian Pacitie Railway was to co.'^l 
 hv that contract tiiii'tv inilli<jns ol (h)llars. in cash, and tii't\- 
 ^iiillions acres of hinds fi'om the country tliroug-h which the i'oa<l wa.> 
 intended to run, and the payn\ents in hmd and money to Iwj made 
 only in the ])ropoi-ti'on of tiie constructi<Mi of the road, and these 
 payments wouhl have l»een spread over at least ten years, and most 
 probably 15, as the parties interested and they conipi-izcd all 
 Canada as well as the contractors, would never have contended i'or 
 an iron rule of ten 3'eai's, but extended the period sliould tlie 
 necessities of the country oj- e(»nti'act demand it 
 
 The Resui,ts. 
 
 And what would have been the results had the contract been 
 carried into etteet ? 
 
 Canada would have beei\ enjoying the expenditure and influ.x 
 of an enormous capital b\' the construction of the road, itnniij^rants 
 by the thousand "w^ould have flocked into the country, bringing 
 ea])ital with them, each more or loss, and the imports necessai'v 
 i'o\' the support of the army of labourei's and mechanics, as well !is 
 iuimigrants, and the i-equired matei'ials, would have added to the 
 tinancial receipts of the Exchequer, so largely, that the interest 
 and principal of the 30 millions of dollars would have been 
 recouped by the work itself, and when completed, the population 
 of Canada would have been doubled or nearly so, the vast fertile 
 prairie country settled more or less to the Koeky Mountains, both 
 by the poor industi'ious man, and the capitalist, and Canada would 
 have been enjoying unexam])led pi-osperity, instead of having gone 
 through extreme depression, and poverty, with a yearly deficit of 
 revenue, and yet a still more trying period of tinancial suffering 
 for her ])eople in expectation, and a further deficit in her Ex- 
 chequer. These are not imaginary results as to prospei'ity, on tlic 
 one hand, nor are they an unknown quantity on the other, for the 
 iron dart of povei'tyhas plunged itself into the vitals of the peoj)le, 
 their industries are paralyzed, employment is unattainable, and 
 had not Providence in inscrutable wischmi mercifully blessed the 
 country with a bountiful harvest, starvation would have been the 
 lot of most classes in the community dependent on labour, who 
 
still nius( look forwui'd to mncli sutt'criii^, for if';i lout' can f>o 
 lH)U,t:;lit for li-ii cents, if tho ])oof man cannot oiirii the 10 cents it 
 rniglit as well for Iiini l>o ten shillings. ' 
 
 To tli<^ s(Otisli ambition of tlio j)rescnt Promici'atul his riovorn 
 mont. is (hu! flic failure oi' that ai-ran<^em;M)t, an*,' now when too 
 late, its wisdom is by them admitted, for they are endeavouring to 
 make a nimilar contract or contracts, biit fruitlcsslv, for no one 
 at iiome or abi-oad lias faith in theii* biisirmss caj/acity, and the}' 
 have already sjicnt six millions of dolhu's, wjiich they have charged 
 to J'acihc IJailway account, and which (exce])t survey cxjjonseH) 
 has no bearing whatever on the EaiUvay proj.^ei", and lias been 
 thus cliarged contrary to the Act of Parliament. 
 
 Without burdening the present government as l)cing th(^ sole 
 cause of the general distress of Caiiada, there can be no doubt that 
 lliey arc just ly responsible for an apathetic indiiference, liaving 
 made no endeavours by useful legislation to aid the depression of 
 the commercial, agricultural, oi" manufactui'ing interests, they have 
 fidded their arms, declaring o])enly that legislation was jiowerless 
 uft a remedy, and this declaration was made contraiy to the strongly 
 oxpresHed o])inions of the most ijitelligent rej)rescntative men of 
 these sevei'al interests in the state, irrespective of party. 
 
 Base Means ov Attaining Powku. 
 
 Having thus far placed l)efoi-e my readers the general position 
 )f atlairs immediately previous to the advent to power of the 
 present government, 1 call attention to the acts and ])i'Ostitntions 
 through which they attained it. They were a long tinn^ waiting, 
 Ihey hungered and thirsted for power, and as desci'ibed by (Cicero, 
 '' were prepared to do or sufer anythiwi, not ashamed of the meanest Mts 
 " arid prostitutions, provided by these unworthy means they had. reason to 
 " expect the success of their designs^ .''.". ', 
 
 An impression prevailed, that the conservatives had cm- 
 ployed money in the elections, but no proof was forthcoming, until 
 a party since rewarded, subordened a clerk to rob the desk 
 of his master, and placed in the hands of a gentleman of 
 rhe opposite party, the private papers of his employer, by ihosc 
 papers it ajipeared that money had been received by leading 
 men of the conservative party for electioneering jjurposes, and 
 immediately aery was raised, called "the Pacitic Scandal," all 
 kinds of uild and untruthful stories were circulated, and tho 
 Oountj'y deceived into a belief that a grievous sin had been com- 
 mitted, unheard of before in the annals of Canada. The cry, like 
 all calumnies filled the public ear. and with its smoky volume 
 l»linded the eyes of the Country, and caused the resignation oi the 
 ministry, and an appeal to the electors dtiring the excitenicnt, 
 ])laced in power the present government; the electors either forget- 
 ful or ignorant, that the very party that had raised that cry, were 
 
 I 
 
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 lis it 
 
 ,'orn- 
 
 : 1" 
 
 onr 
 li.ey 
 
 sole 
 
 that 
 
 iviii<r 
 
 siiitl to liuvo nsoil n subsidy tVoiii a f()i\'i«rn riorpoi atioii, as wt'^ll as 
 »'X('essivel\' larii'c' limine coiitribiitioiis to (•al■l*^■ tlic elections ol'llieii* 
 r'eju'osoiitativos. With puritu on their lips, they luid soicu corrupt im 
 with their hamh. . i ■■ 
 
 TlIK Lr/ITER STOLEN FUOM THE I'OST OfFICK. 
 
 Contenipoi-aiieoiisiy with the suhornatioii ol u elerk to roh 
 his maslei's papers, a letter from one minister to anolhej- ol'the 
 eonservjitivo |)arty then in power, s-ent throui;h the fost Otiiee. 
 timnd its way elandestincly into the hands ol' ((n honorable <j;entle- 
 nian in Montreal, who instead of retiirnini^ it undei* cover to the 
 ))art,y to whom it was directed, called toii^ether a small ]toIitical 
 <'.aucus, who read thelotter, and '' pro pudor,'W(ivk{cd upon j)ul)lishin,u' 
 it in the party paper at Montreal, the receiver of this letter has been 
 since a})j)()inted to a lucrative office by the present Government, 
 another of the caucus has been selected as a member of the Senate, 
 he is an honorable, and yet a third, is a member of the Adminis- 
 tration. You and 1 and many others freeholders of Canada, thinU 
 that the receiver is as bad as the thief, and the law of oui' fathei"- 
 land stvinujcntly indoi-ses that ])rinci|de, as the followini^ quotation 
 will satisfy the sceptic, which any man can verily by referrini; to 
 a well known authority, "'Russell on Crimes, Vol. 2 page 4t^ 
 section 28." 
 
 By Victoria 1, cap 36. — *' It is enacted, that every person who 
 <' shall steal a post letter bag, or a ])ost letter from a post letter 
 ■• bag, or shall steal a post letter from a post office, or from an 
 '• officer of the post office, or from a mail, or shall sto|» a mail with 
 *• the intent to rob or search the same, shall in Knghuid and 
 '• Ireland be guilty of felony, and in vScotiand of a high crime and 
 '' offence, and shall be transported beyond the seais for any ternj 
 '* not exceeding 14 years." .; 
 
 The liKCEivER 
 
 » i. 
 
 were 
 
 Section 30, enacts with regard to receivers of property sent by 
 mail, and stolen therefrom, " that every person who shall receive 
 •' any post letter or post letter bag, or any other chattel or money, 
 ^' Ol' valuable security, the stealing or taking, or embezzling, or 
 '* secreting whereof, shall amount to a felony under the Post Office 
 " Acts, knowing the same to have been feloniousl}^ stolen, taken, 
 •• eml)ez:Kled, or secreted, and to have been sent, or to have been in- 
 " tended to have been sent, by the Post Office, shall in England and 
 •' Ireland be guilty of felony, and in Scotland of a high crime and 
 *' offence, and maj'^ be indicted and convicted, either as an accessory 
 '' after the fact, or for a substantive felony, and in the latter case, 
 '• whether the principal felon shall or shall not have been pre- 
 " viously convicted, or shall or shall not be amenable to justice, 
 
1 1 
 
 5 5 
 
 •' itm/ ci'vrij fftii'h rccfirer kowerrr ommi'tcd. eihiTll be liahU to fw. (ran- 
 ' Mj'orhd hn/Oful the neasfor life. 
 
 Kr*veli<xl<li'rs <H' CuinkIu arr tlu^ men Jm(>li(';iU!(l in such Iran' 
 tactions liltini;" j'»>('i[>ii'ii(> oC piiMic coDtidtMU'i', ho'Hoi's, (M* cmioIii- 
 merits, arc yon in lUc cxf rcisij of the privilciics of'your IVaiicliisc 
 pivnaml \ti infi'iist fMich men with lh(^ management iA' your in- 
 terests, and the t'utnic wellurc of yourselves and lanulies? 
 
 The (luestion is a serious one, the answer most Ite given at 
 the J'olls, 
 
 The statesman who i-nlirr:; a ('ounfrv comnjits hlnntlers may 
 he ]i:irdonod, hut he who professinjLf purity, condones and rewards 
 dishonoiu'ahle and )>ase actions, }ielp« to corrupt the sixrial 
 atmosphere, JJTnd is dowi;^ what lies in his power to spread the 
 deadli<ist of diseases, and is a most dan/^-erons enemy to tlie Htate. 
 The moral tone oi' Canada is not imjH'ovin^, and cannot^ under tiie- 
 present re<;'ime. treachery, dislioiicsfy, and hyjiocricy, are the 
 «tepi)in_Li; stones to i»ositioi> iX\H\ cmohimeni, — whether the running 
 Nine will he permitte<I t<> festti^i' ur>til moj-tiricalion sets in, and 
 iioral death overwhelms all ])olilicul issues, (h* by severing the 
 cori'upt and diseased limhs yo»i givi- a chance oi' i-eco'ver}- to thr 
 IJody J\)litic, is my fellow freeholdei's tlie most im|>ortan( (juestioiK 
 tor your consideration. Vour children and grandchildren, wiH 
 hereafter have reason to curse, or bless you, us you act upt-n 
 these (piestioTis. 
 
 PROMIHKS AND FULFILMENT. 
 
 For years the leader of the present party in j)owcr, and his 
 .ends, liU'O the Pharisees of old, liave heen at the cornei'.s of 
 streets, and on all occasions ci'ying out, thanking (rod that they 
 were not like other moi, but that they were pure, just, impartial, 
 and incorruptible, and that if the managometit of alfairs was ii> 
 their hands, prosperity would flood the land with milk and honey, 
 and that economy, imjjartiality, and justice to all men, would 
 mark their administration, — in fact, that a golden age would 
 follow, and that the Leader of the (lovernment like Cusars wife 
 would not only be incorruptible, but that the management of his 
 (roveinment would be above suspicion. 
 
 The Fulfilment, , . 
 
 (Vi 
 
 i 
 \ 
 
 ■ i 
 
 The Premier as a first example of his purity and honor, ini- 
 tiated The Wallace Con»piracv — lie conspired to rain the 
 character of an upright and honest man, the present meriber for 
 South Norfolk, by writing a letter to Mr. Stuart, who wjis about 
 to oppose him in the election for that Hiding, in which he Htated, 
 that Wallace was a defaulter to the (jlovernmcnt to the extent of 
 850.000 or thereabout, and authorized Stuart to publiBli the letter 
 
 '4 
 
iran ■ 
 
 IMolll- 
 
 (II- ill- 
 en III 
 
 Ojroivulioio Vivo Ui(li)iir. utkI tliis pi'ixvfHiin^ «mm Ij.koii l»y him 
 !tH-tiin.st !i luh^ Hflioor of Ju^ «n\ii .spiM'iaJ JX^juii'Ui <iif, ;iii<l witlioin 
 •iny JK" soiml, or wriUMi comrinniicat'ioM lo Ihut ^Milk'nuin, lo 
 usi'crlaiti lli« truth, or to atl'nid liim an op|)<irt unity of cxplaii 
 'tiotj, and to i^aiii a vote, the. Pnmiir of (■<(tnii/\i, the, ffn>mis{<<>i' of 
 ^turity^ the <in«rilutm uj thf pcnf)ksri<jhUy at tempted to ruin an honest 
 nian, and (iislVanchiso a Kidinj^, l)\ m b'inlse SUjf'f^nctit, puitlivly 
 j)ostf»d ovor his Tiarnc. Hwl he was nnsucccssCul in rojstin.ii; his 
 •tTcaturc <»n Lhv Jii<liiiy;. — WnlhKv Avas tMii-tc(J. 
 
 The ivport of iIm* SulKConimitliH' ol' tht! Comniitt^o of Pnhli(? 
 Aoc<»uiits iu 1875, although notoriously purti/an in itw niai<»rily. 
 iinihraciniij th<5 ti'stiinony oi' a Mr. ivJidlord, who Avas tjniployci i'vv 
 NpcHMal ]MirposcH, under what \\n^ I'rvniior ciilled "a private advci- 
 liseinyut," has only to \xi i-oad (an<l every freeholder bliould it?ad 
 !it) fully to prove by hiri own testimony, that he knew uotiiingof the 
 Wallae-e aeeounts of the C/aiiadian I'aeilie flaiiway Purvey, and 
 ?hat after endeavoi«i'in<i; iu vain t<» t)h'ain the eomiivanre of the 
 'j;entlierncn emph)yod ou thoir audit, iu his <iishouonial)io inten 
 tioris, Iwldly fullilU'd thi to him known desir(i of liis employer, 
 nmh not wei;.^hin^ the von sf(( nonces of truth or fnlsoluKid, v.illioul 
 i'onipunctiou ix^porled a <lefuult aij;ainst Walhue of $59,<H)tl or 
 ihereahoiit. 
 
 The Premier on his ©xainination l)cin^- asked by Mnekenzie 
 IJowell — '' Is it eiistomai-y in your J)oj)artment to ]iul»lish tho state 
 of an employe's account, without tirst having asked him for an 
 ♦^X])hination of any error whieh is (siipposod to exist? 
 
 Answer. — " It is customary to publish whatever we think 
 ||)r<>per" 
 
 Question. — *' vVas your letter writvn to Mr. Stuart for the pur- 
 j)Ose of intlueiieing the election in South Nortblk? " 
 
 Answer. — '* 1 wrote the letter in answer to Mr. Stuart, and 
 afterwards rerpiested Mr. Stuart to publish it, to give Mr, WalUice 
 simple ofqKtriunity of seeituj it.'' (The italics ar<' the writers). 
 
 Tho autocrat sjieaks in the first answer, controlling un over- 
 whelming majority in the Commons. We trample upon the con- 
 ventional courtesies of otHcial life — " It in customary to publish what- 
 ■ever We. think proper,'' 
 
 In liie second answer, it is a «a(.' pectjicle to present to the 
 freeholders of Canada, tho pure, tho in iorruptiblo Premier, utterly 
 regardless of the " suppressio veri, or the suggest io falsi.'" 
 
 ':J- 
 
 The Stkel Rails Purchase. 
 
 '? ,1 
 
 The Steal Rails purchase, its nepotism, and the contract in- 
 volving the interest of a member of the Senate in it« transport, and 
 the many equivocations of the Premier to screen his actions from the 
 public, creating a loss to Canada of two millions of Dollars, have 
 been so plainl}^ detailed and brought home to him, by Mr. Thomas 
 
WliUe, in ii letter to the Toronto Mail, 20 Septenibei", 1870, and 
 iiendod *' who told a (kliberate falsehood," that it wcHild be u work of 
 su|(orero<i'ation a<>;ain <^o relate them. 
 
 The most hmniliiitinii; circinnstanees of whicli was, the positi\M' 
 tlocMinieiiMii'v jtrooT adfluceil, that when the Pj'eniier teh^^Taphed to 
 papers ot' Ids [)arty tliat Mr. White in statini!; that '' he (rneaiiino- 
 '• thfi Picniier) piirehnsed from a Montreal tirni — one of the parl- 
 •■ ners in this firm heinij; his own brothei-, 40,0(>() tons of Steel 
 • Hails," told " //. dt'U.berafe falsehood,'' he the Premier was ii:iiilty of 
 thfit meatiest of all vices, and ijot the i^entlemaii he had the 
 teineritj' to accuse. One can scarcely innii^ine that the Leader of 
 Jlie Crovernment of Canada liiid so fallen. 
 
 TIk^ Ios« to Canaxhi on tiiis nepotic purchase, cannot inchidinii 
 1,000 tons nsed on the I'riiro and F'ictoii Jlailway, and handed over 
 as a iJMft to a private company, without Parliamentary sanction, 
 includini;- interest, he loss than Two JJillions of Bollavs, and 
 these Jiails Iviriii* here and there, ai'e dailv detei'ioralinii; bv rust, 
 and want a statf of itien to preserve their.. Thus the los.s is daih' 
 increasing'. 
 
 in connection with the pur(dia<e of Steel Hails ])y the Pi'emiei'. 
 luay be related the abortive attem])t made; about that period to 
 obtain the .ountenau'-e of the (Government, to the manufacture of 
 that article in the ()tta"vva Valley. 
 
 TiFE liAvrocK liioN Mine. 
 
 i;\ 
 
 The Minister of Public Woi-ks was officially com?nunicated 
 with by the ])roprietors of this mine, situated within tive miles ot 
 the ('ity of Ottawa, ])ronounced b}' experts to produce ore ot 
 superior quality, t-.nd sjiccially aibipted to the nuiiinfaeture of steel, 
 lo the effect, that cei'tain capitalists were prepai-ed to erect Fur 
 iiaces, Hollini"; Mills, and all necessaiy works, and appurtetiances, at 
 those mines, to Tiianufacfurti Sferl Rails, jirovided tlie (lovernmeni 
 would contract Avith them for a certain number of tons each year-, 
 for three _)ears, at the market price of the day when delivered, and 
 wMt)u)Ut payment, until delivery. The answer to the application 
 was a cui'iosity in its way, tlie proposition \\rt.s not eniertained, 
 evid<>nily the Minisiei' of Public Works had no desire to encourag-e 
 home industry. Thei'e was no percentaj.^e or commission to arise. 
 
 Had this otter l)een ac;cepted, the great loss of two millions of 
 doi'ars would have been saved to the ( V)untry. 
 
 It is widely- known, that the labouring classes in the Ottawa 
 Valley, have suffered gi'eat distress through the depression in the 
 brnber trade, and consequent want of employment, and yet tln^ 
 Pn^mier of the J)ominion I'efuscd to entertain an otter, to establish 
 a gi-eat manufacture in the heart of the trade so depressed, and 
 which would have employed the idle population, without cost to 
 the Country. What would have been the effect if the money paid 
 
 ;!':v^. 
 
urxi 
 ork of 
 
 (,sitlvo 
 
 iIumI to 
 
 ■an i !(,<;■ 
 
 f Steel 
 
 ilty of 
 
 :i(l "the 
 
 iulor ol' 
 
 iidiiiii 
 Oil over 
 
 lU'tion, 
 \s, Miul 
 
 y viisl. 
 |s daily 
 
 i-emier. 
 eriod tn 
 liture of 
 
 to the British Iron Masters and Ship 0\vnci'8, say 3 inillion«< of 
 -ilollars had been earned and paid out at the llaycoek Mines ? 
 I nstoad of poverty, the labourer would have had prosperity at his 
 door, and the City of Ottawa would have its 1000 empty houses 
 tilled with happy families, the city iinances would be plethoric, 
 und men would m'ict in the streets with smiling faces, instead of 
 the douncast look, the presage of bankruptcy. 
 
 The Premier in his stump orations has nevertheless told the 
 people, that the Government can do nothing to relieve the 
 Country's depression. The People must take care of themselves 
 the times are hard. -'He did not make the times," the Government 
 is powerless to aid, legislation can do nothing. At the very time 
 that he has been paying away millions for Steels Rails, he refuses 
 his countenance to a great manufacture of that article in the 
 centre of Canada, and without cost to the public, — this is reform, — this 
 ■is jMtemal GovernmeHt, — this is economy. 
 
 Canada may apostrophise the Premier as the mother of the 
 poet E irns did his monument. 
 
 Rabie, my son Ruhie, ye asked them for bread, 
 but they gie ye a stanc. 
 
 • The motto of the present Government is " Sibiy noH Patrice^ 
 
 The Lachine Canal Improvement Job. 
 
 unicatod 
 miles of 
 3 ore of 
 of steel, 
 rect Fur 
 ances, at 
 ernment 
 ich year, 
 ered, and 
 plication 
 ertained, 
 ncourage 
 1 to arise, 
 illions oi" 
 
 e Ottawa 
 )n in the 
 1 yet the 
 establish 
 ssed, and 
 it cost to 
 mey paid 
 
 The Lachine Canal land purchase and sales afford strong pre- 
 sumptive evidence, that the parties w*ho manipulated the tran- 
 saction had procured .nformation through means of departmental 
 want of reticence, entirely subversive of good government, of the 
 nature and locality of the improvements contemplated by the 
 Public Works, and ()ii that information purchased on 17 Aprii, 1874. 
 through Mr. Belque, acting under power of Attorney, from Jettd, 
 Laflamrae & Co., from Evans .♦vnd Stephens, of Montreal, the tract 
 of land described by the Minister of Public Works, iii his Report 
 of 18 April 1874, made public one day after the purchase was made by 
 these gentlemen, as that, through which the necessary improver^ents 
 were to pass. The proprietors through their auctioneer in putting 
 these lands up to sale, reserved a strip of 225 to '^50 feet in witdh 
 for the widening of the Canal. The auction took place on the 10th 
 Octoljer, and the sales exclusive of the strip reserved, amounted to 
 nearly ^500,000, in so far as bids recorded were concerned. This 
 was a credit sale, the prices were enormousl}"^ high, and upon these 
 
 S rices was predicated the amount intended to be charged to the 
 overnment for the strip required for canal purposes, and upon 
 the canal engineer applying for figures of cost for the lands owned 
 by Jette, Lafiamnjc & Co., lying between the Railway Bridges and 
 Cote St. Paul road, they were put down at 1425,740. 
 
r 
 
 Hf^ 
 
 Tt Aras aftorWaivTs arrcvtaintMl that bui few of (fio am'tforr sa!c«« 
 tcere made in good lliith^ ami they were not eompleted, and the 
 )riee was adopted as a scale by whiHi sales to (iovernment wonld 
 b m-ade. T\\q Chief Rngin eer of Public Work's Department, (Mi-. 
 Paige/) on examination, re]>orteti, that a foiw years ago- these lands 
 could be bought fm* .$120 irer acre-, and at the time the \■^^Q' survey 
 eon^iwenced, they were not S-alued at more than three or four hun- 
 dred dolhi^'i per acrey but {{ft the- credit sales of Jette, liaflamnie & 
 Co., they were bid off jit from 811,000 to §18,000, per acrt^ The- 
 pro]>osed iniprovemont r>f t^e cnunl was postpor.ed in eonse- 
 ([ lie nee. 
 
 Freehoklern of Cantida it is your sacred dnty to inqmre. ho-w, 
 and through trhom, this informnticx? prematurely reachetl the- 
 iTompany of spocidators who m.-idcthis bold attempt to corner the 
 Crovcrninent, iind pluTKlei" the- Exi-heqirer. If the imiprorenients 
 intended by the Public Works: De]>artm'ent amt their loctilo, er.n 
 he discovered previously to theii- promulgation through the 
 (V)UTvcii, there is xm wifety for the public purse from' specu- 
 lators ? 
 
 The Mi'nfster fh ought proper to s|-retjulate upon Steel Eails. 
 at a loss to the Conntry of 2 millions of dollars, wonld it not havc- 
 been a wiser forethout>:lit to hav«. boui»;ht the lands necessary for 
 the canal improvements, from FTvaiw & Co* ? Befwe the Eeport 
 was made public. • 
 
 It ia a cm-ious coTncidence that a high ofllfcia! was a partner 
 in the lirm of which one of the spcculatoi's was a member^ an(i 
 that anotlicr mrtner became u member of the (iaverrvraent. 
 
 i- 
 
 The f>AW90N IJoute Contract. 
 
 !1 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 
 The iTawson Koute (so called from the engineer employe*! to 
 coTitruct it), was made by the late Government at a large cost, to 
 convey immigrants and their stores, and as a general summer 
 route through Canmlian Territory, from Lake Supei'ior to Mani- 
 toba, and the North West Territory, and was travelled over by Mr, 
 Fleming, on his jo-urney acrosti the Continent to British Co'lumbia, 
 and is in the accountof that journey described as atfordijtgareason 
 ably good passage by land and water to ^ anitoba, ;;nd under a 
 course of improvements, may be rendered most valuable and at 
 reasonable cost. 
 
 Through a mistaken economv, ov from a cause more ot*cult. 
 the Minister of Public Wovks advoidised for tender for private 
 working of the route, the terms being, that the Government would 
 pay the Contractor $10 per head for immigrants carried over the 
 lload, with a certain allowance of baggage, and as that sum was 
 an inefficient payment, a further amount in a lump bonn.s, would 
 \>c paid for the season's work. 
 
 [t is almost tinnecessary to point oat the want of perception 
 
u 
 
 L the 
 onld 
 
 (Mr. 
 landw 
 irvey 
 
 liuti- 
 nie it 
 
 The- 
 rmiHe- 
 
 how, 
 i t he- 
 rn" the- 
 nents 
 >, crn 
 Iv the 
 
 Eails, 
 t hiivc- 
 ry for 
 Re{)ort 
 
 ftirlner 
 31*^ ivn<Jt 
 
 iii 1 
 
 ' .'lit; 't 
 )JQf\ to 
 
 I'OSt, to 
 
 nmmei- 
 f> Mtini- 
 by Miv 
 Inmbia. 
 t reason 
 under a 
 ) and at 
 
 1 oi'caltj 
 private 
 it wouUl 
 over the 
 snm wai-j 
 s, would 
 
 3rceptioTi 
 
 vvf Hiicli a contract, or to state, that the results were ruin to tli* 
 ;t'oute, for the fewer passagers carried, tlie^^nore of the bonus which 
 •"vvas $50, 000, w<Mit into the jwck-et of tho Coritfactors, Messrs. Car> 
 penter & Do., and it wjus their intci-est to make the, route iniprac- 
 licable, in wliieh they were sucwssiHil, for tlw imniii^rants sultbred 
 iucrediblc l\ardships, s^Mui-starvation, h>ss of thvir bairgage and 
 stores, aud in instances ileath. in the pas.sagc. The I'cmte was iv 
 consequence (k'ser(c<l, and tlie immigration to Manitoba was 
 turned from Canadian Territory to a route thnjugh the United 
 States, v/liei-e inducenients in liiglily colour«_-d pictui^s of the 
 superioi- advantages of tlie Noi-tliern Pacific Railway Lan<I;s, woiv 
 heUl out by active agents of that Con.pany, and in consequence 
 inueli at' the ininiigration was diverted fi'om Caiuida. ■: .. ^ 
 
 That this contract to work ^he j'oute l>y private means, maj* 
 have been adopted througli miscaleuhition, and an error of judgmeni 
 ^is to economy, would Ixj a chaiitaijlc iiderence, Itut the aetion of 
 the Minister of Public Works forbids the adojjtion of this incom- 
 plimentary, although ptUliative conclusion, for with u full know- 
 ledge of its injurious tendency as to iinmigr,".tion, and the ruin of 
 the i"oute its^di^ the Minister made a similar contract tbr the nexi 
 year, wdth the same parties. Carpenter & Co.., with this itlerence, 
 that the lump bonus was increased from 50 to $75,000, and the 
 route became to all intents and ])Ui-poscs, impractieable tbr immi- 
 gration, and was abandoned for that purpos*\ why this bonus w^as 
 not contjfacted for per head, aud not in the lump, it is vain to 
 hujuire, and can only be explained by a desire to send the imrai 
 gration by an American, in preference to a Canadian i-oute, and at 
 the exj)ense of the Countiy, to ])ut money into the pockets of 
 Oai-pentei" & Co., at the sacrifice of the Dawson pa.ssage. An inquiry 
 would solve a problem as to how the (lovernment was i-ecouped by 
 the Contract<ns for the losses su.stained on the plant whilst in use 
 by them, boats, horses, oxen, wagons, &c., which should have been 
 returiuid in the order received, reasonable wear and tai*e excepted. 
 One thing is certain, tJiat the contrcct in its inceptiofi, was a 
 disgraceful error of judgment^ or worse, and in its consequences 7nost 
 injiii'ious to Cmmda. 
 
 ; M , The Route from Fort William to Manitoba. 
 
 The Minister of Publie Works has now under contract on this 
 route, at its extreme ends, two divisions of Railway in the aggre- 
 gate lJ28 miles, leaving between both a central division of about 
 190 miles, which the Minister stated could i)e utilized for traffic by 
 Steamboats on water stretches intervening, and thus a supply 
 route would e\:ist for constructing the Pacific Railway, as well as 
 ii continous summe* passage for immigrant 4 and general trade, 
 from Lake Suj)erior to Manitoba. This was his explanation to the 
 Commorts, on the 21st February last. 
 
12 
 
 ■H 
 
 Bnt whut arc the facts? When the M'nister staled the>je tho- 
 orctieal conclusions to the Commons, the route of the Pacific Rail- 
 vvav had hecn located about 100 miles north of these so called 
 water Mtretcha'*, and therefore, even if they wore practicable per 
 se, they could not be utilized as a supply route for the Paciiic 
 Railway. But tho water stretches of the Minister are useless even 
 (o connect continuously the tiaffic of tho divi.stons of Eailway 
 under construction, unless lie can make steamers ascend 400 feet 
 ditilerence of level from Rainy Lake to I^ac des Mille Lacs, and 
 this cannot be done, exce])t at some fabulous expense, in lockage, 
 for at least forty locks would be reciuired. 
 
 if the Minister calculates upon making a continuous summer 
 route fi'om Lake Supei'ior to Manitoba, he must abandon tliesc 
 water stretches, and tiH up the gap heretofore described, b}' a Rail- 
 way of about 11)0 additional miles, making in the aggregate 418 
 miles of Railway, which properly equipped with all its collaterals, 
 station buildings, kc, &c., will cost not less than 20 Millions of 
 Dollars, with the unpleasant prospect to Canadian finance, that it 
 can pay nothing for one half the year, and even when idle, will 
 absoj'b staff expenses, — The interest on cost, at 6 per cent, will be 
 $1,200,000. 
 
 To these 20 add G millions of dollars charged to, but not ex- 
 pended on the Pacific Railway, (except the amount on the survey), 
 and 3'ou have within 4 millions of the thirty millions of dollars, 
 which was the subsidy to be paid in cash by the contract of the 
 late MacDonald Government, for the whole Railway across the 
 Continent. 
 
 Had the Minister of Public Works when the Dawson routi^ 
 came under his control, efficiently improved it, which Mr. Dawson 
 stated would cost from 250 to 1800,000, and it could then have 
 been made a fair route by this reasonable outlay, instead of paying 
 a lump bonus of $125,000 to ('arpenter & Co., which caused its 
 <lestruction, and completed the Pembina branch without unreason- 
 able delay. Canada would possess a tolerably fair summei* route to 
 the North West, until the consti-uction thereto of the Pacific Rail- 
 way, and by the com])letion of the Pembina branch, he would have 
 placed the Country in continuous communication with the Railway 
 system of the Continent, for the Americans would liave built up 
 to the Pembimi Branch on its com])letion, being then assured of its 
 
 The most dangerous 
 f'ul consideration ori the 
 
 trade, of which from the vaccillation of the Premier, they felt 
 uncertain, and in consequence delayed "'^ 
 feature and that which requires the most ci 
 part of the Freeholders of ( anada, is, that the Premier it» his 
 speech to the Commons, on the 21st of February last, pledged him- 
 self that those wai M* stretches would afford a supply j'oute for the 
 Pacific Railway when constructing, although at that very time the 
 route of the Railway, was absolutely located 100 miles, north ol" 
 these water stretches, and una])prochcable by thcni. lie therefore 
 
13 
 
 e 
 
 tho- 
 Rail- 
 Called 
 
 p«r 
 
 aciiic 
 
 even 
 
 ilway 
 
 } feet 
 
 and 
 rkage, 
 
 mraer 
 
 tlieso 
 
 Kail- 
 418 
 terals, 
 ons oi* 
 that it 
 0, will 
 will be 
 
 not ex- 
 
 nrvey), 
 dollars, 
 t of the 
 
 [•CBS the 
 
 ►n route 
 Dawson 
 m ha\'e 
 f paying 
 lused ilis 
 nseason- 
 ' route to 
 itic Rail- 
 nild have 
 Railway 
 built up 
 red of its 
 I hey lelt 
 Jln•i•orou^* 
 ion on the 
 er in hi^5 
 Iged him- 
 c for the 
 ,' time the 
 north ol' 
 therefore 
 
 must have known that fact, and wnlfnily deceived the Conntvy, 
 'or he muHt have been iujnorant of facts with wlii(;h it M'us hi?« 
 bounden duty to have been aciiuainted. The most charitable eon- 
 <'lu8i(»n is, that he was ignoi-ant. The dileminas is liis own — the 
 misfortune, is the Country's, and it is hii>h time for the freeholders 
 of Canada to upv^n their eyes to the fact, that they ai^e at present 
 governed by a sj^stcmatic duplicity, or deplorable incapacit}', for 
 to complete* a continuous summer Railway rotite frf)m Lake 8u 
 perior to Manitoba, will cost not less than 20 MilltoNh oj- 
 Dollars, and useful fo.- summer only, with a financial deficit, 
 staring the Country in the face, and if the central division of 190 
 miles be 7iot filled up by a Railway, the cost of the 228 miles under 
 construction, nearly 12 millions DoIUjis. is money sacrificed, at ;» 
 time when the (yountry's fiicances are the reverse of prosperous. 
 
 rt.m. 
 
 jr'U'T 
 
 Thk (ieoroian Ba^ Branch. 
 
 This branch, so named, when it was a bi-nnch to no known 
 route, contracted to the lionoiable Mr. Foster, was not sur- 
 \03'ed b}' the Public Works ])epartment, and its practicability was 
 therefore unknown, no one conversant with Eailways or the geo- 
 graphy of the Country, could tell for what purpose it was intended, 
 and it was surmised that it was meajit as a feeder to the Georgian 
 Bay navigation, but why, so intended, it was impossible to more 
 than surmise, as the (rrand Trunk Road to 8arnia, and theNortliern 
 Railway to Collingwood, and the j>rogressing Midland gave more 
 than sufficient facilities for all the trade in that direction. Yet, in 
 ('onjunction with if, an expensive survey was made for a harbor at 
 the mouth of the French River, although that had been sufli- 
 cienlly done by Mr. Walter Shanly, previously-, and reported in 
 his survey, for a canal from Lake Huron to Lake Nipissing and 
 the Ottawa RiTer, — But at length it appeared, that the contractor 
 was a favoured individual, and that this branch was a means of 
 shewing how political services may be rewarded at the expense 
 <.»f the Oountry. 
 
 Mr. Forster, after a i)eriod, and having made a survey, com- 
 plained that the route (tvalkcd over by a Government Emjinet'r pre- 
 viovdy to the contract^) was impracticable. He was relieved from 
 his contract, his security such as it was, was released, and he was 
 paid $40,000, whi(di amount might as well have been thrown into 
 the (fcorgian Bay for any benefit it did, the people of Canada, 
 togethc' with the payment of a (iovernment Engineer, <lui'ing the 
 enaction of the job, the expense of the harbour survey and of 
 the walking engineer. Besides a Rails pni-chase which involved 
 another serious permanent investment ('om|)ai'ativcly valueless to 
 the Country. 
 
If 
 
 iiii*'ttP,/:*Tjt .•^?if.\n 
 
 u 
 
 ThK KaMANESTIUUIA no rALL£l» TlARKOfjfi". ; , 
 
 ■■!..■': •; • , * -• ': ' .... ■<' >.,;*, 
 
 A purt'hnse (H'ItukI vvi\^ made of sibont 70 lU'i-es at Fort Wif- 
 Kiani. on Hiis }ivci\ in the Wowls, at tlu'' I'ate of nix hundred dolUnf 
 per acre, included ii^ a sun> of nearly $52,000 }>f>id for an un- 
 timshed l)oard Imildinir, and a landing. 
 
 The Pi-emioi' settled this parehuise with the Chief Ruafineor 
 erf the Pacitii' Railwa}', and that gentleman ex})resHed nmch sur- 
 prise at the high ))riee j)aid. 3lr. Mui'dcxrk the divisional Engineer 
 was orderetl to locate the line to' suit this ]mrel>ase, by special 
 instructions fiion) the l)ej)artment of Pnhlie Works, notwith- 
 standing that he had recommended a point nearer to tlie mouth 
 of the river^ where the I'nciiities would he gi'eater, and where a 
 farm could be ]>urehascd for $75 per acre— ^ no one will deny that 
 oven that sum per acre, was an extravagant pi-ice for land in the 
 n-ndernesS; aiKl that if forethought had been vised, the hind wanted 
 might have been secui'ed at a nuu-h lower figure tJian even that. 
 But political friends look on all sides for ]>roiitable arj-angements 
 froni the (Tovernment, under the present regime, and the (juestion 
 is, why should tliey be disappointed? The united Fj-eeholdei's of 
 tJanuda possess a heavy pocket, and the present Administration 
 has a happy knack of ex])laining away a difficulty, by a sugges- 
 tion, or a still bolder method, by an assertion, wide of the mattcsi' 
 at issue, but suit;al)le in the concealment of their ex])enditMi'e of 
 public jnoney amongst their friends, nevertheless the amounts ill 
 «pcnt^ in the aggregate, Ixjcome hcav^y items, and lai'gely increase 
 the public deficit. > : . ;,";; ; . . ' ; , < , ,; . , i 
 
 - ■ V ■ i . ..'■ . Tub RoWan Circular, ,;; > •,,,., .,,(. 
 
 if 
 
 •ft 
 
 A Collingwood paper remarks on the Circular of Mr. JanrtTs 
 If. Rowan, Deputy Assistant, to the Chief J']»gineer of the Cana 
 <lian Pacific Railway Survey, in the following extract. •' The 
 poison contained in the following letter, is doing its work, 
 •slowly, but surely. Road it and draw your own conclusions. " 
 
 ';•..■■. ,' ■ , ^v"- (CIRCULAR.) .:„'!' ■''■-.;';;'/.;,••,, 
 
 ' ' Canadian Pacific Railway, ,.;;;■ t 
 
 . < 1 1 '. 
 
 Office of the Engineer in Chief, ,-{ 
 > . C9 January, 1871. 
 
 " My Hear Sir, 
 
 " On the other side you will find a list of the firms from wlioni 
 " su])plies for the parties employed by you this summer, are to be 
 " purchased, and you will bo careful to see, that nothing they can 
 
15 
 
 t Wif- 
 ui nil- 
 
 pecial 
 otwilli- 
 mo\itli: 
 be re ;t 
 ky lluit 
 in thtf 
 wanted 
 )u tluit. 
 ;enierils. 
 uestioii 
 
 Idei'B of 
 stration 
 
 I n^Jitttii" 
 itMi'e of 
 ouiits ill 
 iiu'vease 
 
 V. James 
 
 he €ana- 
 . •' Thr 
 ts work 
 doim.' 
 
 ■ rtnpj'jiy, 18 pni^haHcd olsovrherc, the pi'icoH of i «ni'so Ihmh/jj roa- 
 
 ■ H')iial)lc, and you will also liavo the kindness to nii the pju"ti<'> 
 ' to Thunder Bay, by the 8ai-nia line of steamers.' 
 
 , ■ ■) 
 \i-^"^ Yours truly, '•)./.•' ■. 
 
 • f ) • ( 
 
 1 •■ 
 
 fC I 
 
 . (Signed,) ■:) .'JAS. H. iiOWAN. 
 
 It is not iDlcasant to criti/e, truly, such a Circular, it cannot 
 have l>een written in favour of eoiiservative dealei's, for if it had 
 he(Hi tl)e Fi'emier would very proytcrly have reprimanded the writer, 
 and I'eealle I the eireulai", and it can only be surmised in altsonee 
 ■of the dealer's names, that they were jmre refonnerH whose tea. 
 ^ugar, molasses, and soaj>, weiv of the same character as them- 
 selves. But tlie latter part of the C'ii'cular discloses an occult in- 
 terest, that cannot bo evaded with propriety. The Honorable the 
 Premier has, or had, oi* his brother has, or ha<h an intciest in the 
 line of Steamers that lu lis from Sarnia to Thunder liay. and it is 
 not only possible, but ju'obable, that he misjjht consider it not only 
 ritrht but praisevvtu'thy, to aid in lillinii: his own, cm' his friends 
 ])OcketK, in preference to permittini-; all parties an equal chance of 
 business. This, Freeholders of fJanada is the Premier's itlcn of 
 Ivofoi-m — '^ Sibi. acd hoii Patriivy Mr. Rowan, althoua;h a i»-cnilemai» 
 <»f h!i»;h authority in Kn^'ineerini^-, on Railway matters, never issued 
 such a circular without orders, an<l such orders ho never received 
 from the Chief Engineer of the Canadian Puclfic Railway, or hit* 
 mode of purchasinv; supplies, and conductinijj his ])arties to their 
 several divisions of the survey, has been entirely altered ; the late 
 Administration bought supjdies from the tr:ulers, who sold the best 
 goods, and at the cheapest proportional prices. 
 
 It remained for a Reform (iovernment to order an exclusive 
 dealing, both in necessaries, and in tlie trans])ort of the men em- 
 ployed, and the g-oods for their support llie Freeholders of Canada 
 must rejoice in a Premier so honest, and iinpartial, and no doul)t those 
 interested in the retui-ns of the No"thei'n fJailway, and tlx' trade of 
 < Jolting- wood, have been equally pleased and graiitied, 
 
 ^ 
 
 hief, ! • 
 -, 1871. 
 
 om whoni 
 are to U- 
 they can 
 
 •di •>! r',>i!( ' Public ExpBNniTURE, 
 
 '■<■: / 1-!'. V f .» } 
 
 •n; . 
 
 ■ The Premier in his speech on the Budget, on 20th FebrtUtry, 
 1877, stated, that the late Government left "office with the oxpelv 
 diture of 24 millions of doUai-s, and when they entered office it 
 was 13 millions, and that in three 3-earH his Government ha«l re- 
 duced the expenditure by one and one half millions. 
 
 Examining this statement with facts, it will be found, that 
 Mr, Tilley, in his last Budget of 1873, estimated the expenditure 
 
 at \. .}::.:.:..... ^20,941,183 
 
 I 
 
m 
 
 4 
 
 IG 
 
 T>iin'iit; tlio session of 187'>. cnactmefiti* 
 vvtM'e psvHHC'd iiicrt'HHing the exponfliture, on ' .. 
 
 acconnt of rea(lj»!stiiier>t» of iUv Provincial 
 Dpbt, — ExpoiiHOH (.'ontracltnl witl> the udniiH- 
 >i(>n of Prince Kdvranls Island to the Union < 
 and increased salaries t«» Civil scrvai^ts, and 
 the Lecfislatnre authorizcnl this incTtrase of 
 fixpenditiire, for the above purposes ainount- 
 Vng to... #i,542,0(X^ 
 
 To^al expemlitnre estimated $22^488,18:> 
 
 The Pi'fcmiei' therefoi'e misstatetl the ex- 
 penditure of the hite Goveriiment on leaving 
 otlieej by i>o less a sum than ,.. $1,51(>,817 
 
 Mr. Tilley further erstimated, tliat notwithstanding thcs.e 
 ■additional charges imposed on the revenue^ the surplus would In 
 $700,000, and the surplus %r the next yeiir bu ostimtated at >9 18,000, 
 therefore no doiiciency would be exjxyriencedr and there tva»none. — 
 The present Finance Minister entered office on 7th Noven>bci' 
 1878, without a deficit, but the Premier was desirous to throw tlu 
 onus of mismanagement of linance< on his pretiecessor, — hence hii* 
 mi statement. 
 
 Examining his furtlifn* statement, that id three years Ids Cfo 
 vernroent has reduced the expenditure by one and one half millions. 
 £ho Public Accounts shew : 
 
 That the total debt in 1873, was $120,743,432 
 
 ■J.- « , .♦' 1876 $161,204,687 
 
 The total increase of debt, 1874, 1875, 1876, 
 
 was... ,...., 31,461,255 
 
 The total interest in 1873, was.. $5,549,374 
 
 The total interest in 1876, was #6,753,171 
 
 The inci-easc of intcre.'it in 1874, 1875. 1876, ■ .. ., *• 
 
 was $1,203,797 
 
 This amount of interest $1,203,797, is churgcd to the conso 
 lidated fund, conclusive evidence, that the Premier's Government, 
 instead of decreasing, has increased the burden of the Country, and 
 tliat he has mmle two serious misstatements in a very few words. 
 
 V ■ Tub Latb Govebnment Eecord. j ^^ Kf .. 
 
 i 
 
 Since the Confederation in 1867, under the late Government, 
 there has been annually a surplus, which amounted in the aggre- 
 gate, to 30 June, 1 874, to over $11,000, 000. : . 
 
17 
 
 V'rksbnt (Jovernmrnt TlflroRi). 
 
 m 
 
 i8I> 
 
 f the^f 
 ould h* 
 913,00(1. 
 * none. — 
 vembcv 
 row th* 
 
 \ his trO 
 ^lillio^J^^. 
 
 ' Financial yvixv 18^5, 187(i, oiidiii;;' lU) Jiiin', 1S7(I. Doricit 
 $1,900- 75- Comment iH niinoi'csKary. 
 
 Tlio Finance Minister vciy sa^aciioii.sly befoi-e lie entered 
 Oflfiee, foretold that strin^'«Mit times were approaidiinii;. I)u( since 
 lie became Minister, althouiili aware, I'rom time t<» time ol'a sinUiiii;- 
 I'ovenue, he has been the reverse of economical. 
 
 The increase on Civil Crovernment — Administration of .Tiistict^ 
 — Police and Penitentiaries — Le!j;islation — (ie()lou;ical Snrvey — 
 Ai'ts — Ai'ricultiire — I mmii^ration and (inarantine — Marine llos 
 jdlals — Pensions and Superannuation — Ocean and iiivcr Steam 
 Service — Fisheries and Light Houses — Inspection — Insurance 
 Cos. — Suhsidies to Provinces — Public Wor' s — Miscellaneous — In- 
 dian (irants and Manitoua Si vey — Mounted l*olic<', established 
 1874 — Boundarv Survevs, commenced in 1874 — Customs and Vlx- 
 cise — Weights and Measures — Public Works, including Jiailways — 
 Post Office — Minor Revenues, 
 
 Increase of 1875 over 1873 $2,!)i;0,33G 
 
 Increase o*" 187C over 1875 $717.0(12 
 
 It is worthy of remark that Pensions and Sn- 
 perantiiuitions increased enormousl}' during 
 
 that period, in 1875 over 1873 «38,721 
 
 The increase in 187<) over 1875, was $70,874 
 
 Total increase in 1875 and 187f) over 1873. was $100,598 ,^ 
 
 This unparalled increase over 1873, was the consequence of a 
 desire to make places for political followers, and therefore inen of 
 ability and capacity were superannuated and pensioned, and 
 replaced by parties who did not possess in most instances, the 
 ability, nor capability of those whom they sui'jierseded, and the 
 loffices were crowded, in addition with many men of slender know- 
 edge. It must be oovious to every capacity*, that when an 
 officer is superannuated and jiensioned, wliilst able to perform his 
 duties, and another appointed in his place, that tne latter, in addi- 
 tion to his salary, costs the Public the pension of the officer whom 
 he replaces, an example will elucidate. , , , . 
 
 An officer is superannuated, pension......... $1,000 per annum. 
 
 A new appointment is made, salary equal to ,. , ,, 
 
 the one pensioned, say • $1.(>00 , */,,,, , 
 
 '■'t-i '">;'!' • _^__^___ ' ,,, 
 
 ; " ., , ^,. '■'' '•?'/'■( ? i. .(■ 
 
 ' The new appointee costs the public, for the ' T ; afr- l-r 
 7' same duties '. $2,000 .^^v^,^ .; j 
 
 3 
 
I» 
 
 ^ 
 
 The Civil Government 
 
 Total Expomlitnrc in 1873 $750,874 ,.., ,,.-.,",1 
 
 Total Expenditure in 1875 «90!),2«J5 '.■,'*"' 
 
 Total Exi)en(lituvo in 187() ',^ !^1.-. ,• ^ $841,959 
 
 DePARTMEMENTAI. CoNTINiJENCIES AT OTTAWA, INCLUDING 
 
 Extra Clerks. 
 
 i.'i- 1' ,1,1.' A" f ■ - >'iit '■ ;''''i\ ' : ■ •'-... 
 
 Total Departmental Dontini^eneics at . ; .,,), i 
 
 Ottawa, 1873 ^. 0280,717 '.Mr.*!..,'; -., i . ; ' 
 
 .. " t*,. ",,1875.... ,^,,.,.,^^ 8392,327 ','i.» „;^.. 
 
 '■'**■./''/"'*:.''*"", r l^*?^"--'' ',••.- jiw-.u ..: $301,802 
 
 Extra ClerUs were paid in 1873 813,704 
 
 «■ * :' ♦*• " 1875 _^ $38,821 ,,,,,{ 
 
 " " ■ ' " 18P<] i'»< I 
 
 This affords incontestihlo evidence, that the present Govern- 
 ment has crowded every Department ot the State with unneeessarv 
 employe's — for it cannot be contended, tliat a great, if any inci'ease 
 of business justiticd the excess in 1875 and 1870, over 1873, bcin<!; 
 in 1875 over 1873, an increase of 184 per cent, and in 1870 over 
 1873, an increase of 131 per cent. The decrease of 1870 below 1875 
 may be accounted for by pensioned vacancies being tilled up, 
 jnaking room for extra clerks, thus creating an expenditure still 
 more costly. 
 
 This Avholesale system of quiet corruption for political in- 
 fluence, has become under the pj'esent Administration, a flagrant 
 abuse of public funds, and the contrast in expense, demonstrates, 
 how unprincipled and untrue, was the accusation made by the 
 present Government, against the late Administration, of an unusual 
 ai)pointment of employe's '* r 
 
 That the former has sinned in that way cannot bo denied, 
 for not satitied with filling the Departmental Offices with unneces- 
 sary' employe's, the Premier has caused a new wing of offices to be 
 created for their rec'eption, at an enormous cost, supplemented by 
 a Tower, which has no harmony with the other public buildings, and 
 nt a distance kx)ks like a gigantic chimney ; — If built to immortalire 
 the Premier's name, it is a success. The Tower whilst it stands 
 may be called Mackenzie's Folly. ---".-..: 
 
 'A 
 
19 
 
 D*N^i'- 
 
 a,959 
 
 »f ilV .' ' '' ■ 
 
 r~i'i'i 
 
 ^01,802 
 
 Grovern- 
 eeeHsai'V 
 increase 
 B, being 
 ^76 over 
 low 1875 
 illed up, 
 lire still 
 
 itical in- 
 X flagrant 
 t)n!strate9, 
 ie by the 
 n unusual 
 
 DO denied, 
 I unneces- 
 aces to be 
 mented by 
 idings, and 
 n mortal! ^e 
 t it stands 
 
 It is however to be hoj)ed it will not be porniitted to slan«l 
 long, and that his Hueeessor Mill have it pulled down, and leniove 
 «n object so entirely usoIohh and <lestructivo of the harnion\' o<t' the 
 Public Jiui Idings at Ottawa. 
 
 TiiK Administration of Justice. 
 
 In 1873, cost the Country 8:i!»8,!M)(; , 
 
 Jn 1875 
 
 in 187(5 
 
 «4!»7,405 
 
 I-' 
 
 l'''l'' 4... 
 
 •I, ^ 
 
 $544,0<tl 
 
 Kxcess of Cost 1 S7b' over 1873 $ 145,000 
 
 JIow far a Supreme Coui't may compensate the Dominion foi* 
 its additional ex])ense, remains as yet to be proved, but any addi- 
 tional charge on tlio revenue whilst u deticit existed, is to be 
 <leprecated, and tl;e creation of such an authority might have been 
 [»ostj>oned without injury, until iJcvenue and Kxj)enditure had 
 been eciualized. Hut patroiuige, patronage must be exercised, 
 without reference to tlie burdens imp'^sed on the people. 
 
 .'.t 
 
 s 
 
 i.l ,t ^^-. ,''»*!: 'n 
 
 .<:.H' 'f'-^ .1 (JuHTOMS Exi'ENDITURK. 
 
 Total ExpeiKliturc for 1873 S5t)7,()75 
 
 'H ■- 
 
 u 
 
 it 
 
 u 
 
 1875. 
 187(5. 
 
 iWlU- 
 
 «(582,(573 
 
 •si h'fUj-, »■:. Jii-i\ trt bu-i 
 
 ^72 1,008 
 
 Tt is a remarkable fact, tliat the collection of tlie Customs 
 Kevenue has steadily increased. a**'-^ ).■!;' ; ■■ _^ i 
 
 Increase in 1875 over 1873 :.......:;........ $114,998 ;"; . 
 
 f^^<^ " 1876 over 1875 •...••.•.. $38,335;,,'. 
 
 Total increase of 1876 over 1873. .....'.;!...'.... ..!... $153,333 ,^ , / 
 
 Whilst in 1876, the Revenue has decreased $2,527,174. 
 
 Thus under the present Administration, as the Revenue of the Country 
 decreases — the cost of its collection increases — Can any Country (could 
 any indiA'iduals) under such gross mismanagement pay their enga- 
 gements, on the private man it Avould bring bankruptcy, on the 
 public it must bring disgrace, and if not checked, eventually 
 ruin. 
 
20 
 
 Pntroiia/^e, tlio Hilcnt coiTiintioii iiiuloi' itn infliionce, U tho 
 <'i'viiii^ rvil ; lluTc is no cnlciiliuioM i'ov tlic Coimtry, to koop in 
 |»o\voi' is Iho main considoi'alion, and thus \\w InUejtcndonco ot 
 PariiainiMit Act is sot at nought by the silent eoiiuption of aji- 
 j>(niitin<i: to tho Civil Sorvioo. 
 
 I.MMI(}Il.VTIi>.\ AND (^IJAIIANTINE. 
 
 CoMt of'Transpoi'tion an<l Quaraiitino : 
 
 l/niiii(/r(mts. , , . 
 
 Ily (he St. Lawrence in 1S7:{, :{(i,000... a28!),2H!> 
 
 « « in is-f), i(i,o:',8... $:ur>j)HH 
 
 " " in 1H7<), 1U,!)01... ' »3!»8.(»7 
 
 • ■■'-. n . ^ 
 
 Cost por head, 187'{ ^7.7t> , , i, . ,i!H.li); .-•. 
 
 '» M 1875 $18.00 .,.„,., 
 
 '" '' 1870 ''/''!.' i...i(.- $-«-^^ 
 
 A<;ain in this expenditure is exposed the i;r()ss »,vant of system 
 and economy wliich charaeteriziNs every bi*anch of tliepiiblie ox[)endi- 
 tui-e under the present Administration — (is the. immiijration into 
 (\uu((la derredses, the cost inrrcnsei!-. The cost heini; per head !> and ^ 
 I lines as much for each imniii^rant in 1870, as it was in 187.'{, the 
 niimher brought in 187*5— i}0,000 immigrants, in 1870, 10,!)01 im- 
 n\i«;'rants. . , , ,, -.p^i . , ' 
 
 The MiNisTEii or Pinance. 
 
 Is reported to have said in his s])eeeh, at Aylmor, in 8e]»toml)er, 
 1877, in rehition to the lato Administration, " How 1 say did tliey 
 "'• prepai'o to face these oblijrations ? The thing is incredible, but it 
 " is true, these old, these wise, these sagacious experienced and 
 '• pr()videi;t statemen actually j)repai'ed to meet this ti-emendous 
 " charge on our resources in this fashion; by raising the ex])endi- 
 '' tare in 187H and 1874 from 11! milli(»ns and a tritle, to twenty- 
 *• three millions thi'eo hundi'ed and sixteen thousand dollans. 'J'hey 
 '• jU'epa!-od to meet such a burden of debt as no minister had ever 
 '• l)cfoi'e dioamed of imposing on the Countiy, b}' raising the ox- 
 • peuditure in one year four millions of dollars. 
 
 '■' Sir, I have asked ir.yself more than once, and I now 
 " puhlickly rej>eat the ([uestion; was this done in sheer lautal 
 " igiioi-ance and recklessness, or was it done of malice propenHe ? 
 " I)id they design to scuttle the ship after they Ijad plundered her, 
 " or was it only the last mad folly of the drunken crew before they 
 ♦' ran upon the breakers"? 
 
2t 
 
 tlu? 
 
 |) in 
 
 (1 of 
 
 ui.- 
 
 }'IS.«7 
 
 $2(;.r)r> 
 
 system 
 xpeiuli- 
 'on into 
 ;> and ^ 
 <:;{, the 
 <)0l im- 
 
 itornlier, 
 ilid tliey 
 ie, but it 
 K*cd tmd 
 mendous 
 vx])ondi- 
 twenty- 
 ,rs. 'J'hey 
 had ever 
 (£ the ex- 
 
 d T now 
 3er Inutal 
 prepenyp ? 
 dered her, 
 efore they 
 
 It Ih iinneeeHsarv to fhai'actiM'i/e such hoiuua<ie, ^^^. Cai'twriijfht 
 «t\ves this riow of unsecnily viruhMice to the Company lie keo]is. 
 '• Mvil eominuniealioii eornipls i^ood mannei's." 
 
 The tinanee miiiistei* used this laui^nian'e an<l expi-essed those 
 vieWH of the hjte ministry, on an occasion when his soh' aim \va>H 
 t<' hhick'cii the character, and (h'taine (^•pcrfOH (tut nefan,) the nni- 
 nanemenl (»t" Ids political op])ctieii*s. 
 
 //<-' knm^ that in thin timUt; he inis ttearinij fnke witne»i< to the free- 
 holders of the C'ountry. nt)"^i'i ''n fi^it .«w U! »fi. i.«a;"»ii.«^tTi /•'- 
 .,>,,-._(,<,,., ., ,j, . .' "trvn v(!H(.i ')}■ 
 
 ■' ' 1 Mil. CAiirwiiionT in KN<M,.\Nn. ' •■■^' ^tl/^tnA^** A 
 
 When Mr. ('arturii-ht werit to Kni;lnnd to negotiate a loan, 
 he iHsued a ])rosptH-tus to Kiiijlish Capitalists, on the l!Hli Octoher, 
 1S75, of which the followiTii^ is an extract . shewintc the financial 
 condition of the l)o:-.;;:>.;on, its succoHstul mana,ii;ement, and its 
 results .wi'ifo i-onfederntion, iindei- the late (loverninent. ■'':••;•"; 
 
 ■"I 
 
 
 I'h 
 
 (RXTIiACT.j 
 
 ' ,1" 
 
 ii 'i 
 
 t t 
 
 ■ i '1 
 
 *' The whoUi of tlnj debt has been incui-rod foi* objects of jiubiie 
 util.ty. The indir^'ct advantaii;e from these p\d)lic works ha:^ 
 " already been found in the remarkable rapidity with which the 
 '• commerce and material pi'ospei'ity of the Dominion has been devc- 
 " loped, wJiile a substantial ini-rease in the direct retui-ns may 
 " fairly bo ex|)e{'ted from the impi'ovements now in proo-iess, an<l 
 " to follow the steady pi-oi>;ress of po])ulation and tra<le. The 
 '• revenue ha ' shown a continuous surplus during each yeai*, since 
 " (Jonfcderation, in 18(17 ; although it has in the interval been ' 
 " ehai-,i;-ed with much heasy ox|)enditure of an exceptional kind, 
 " huch as the outlay connected vvith several Fenian attacks on the 
 " Country, the a<'quisit ion and organization of now territory, and . 
 '• pi'ovidint; an adequate defensive force for the Dominion. 
 
 " Tho eighi years since Confederation, therefore exhibit an 
 ■' aggregate surplus of Two Millions four luindred and forty-three 
 !* thousand and one hundred and eleven pounds, (e(j[ual to Eleven 
 " ^lillions eight hundi-ed and eighty-nine thousand eight hundred 
 '• and eight dollars, not including the sinking fund) which has been 
 " partially ap])lied in tho redeni])tiou of debt, and partially ex- 
 " ponded on new works. The annual payment for winking fund 
 " is included in the current expenditure, and forms in the aggre- - 
 " gate a furtiier 8um of seven hundred thousand pounds (or three'* 
 '' millions four hundi'od and six thousand and sixty-eigth dollars. ■ 
 " since Confederation." '.-»f^' ''^ > ^ 
 
 Compare this Extract with the Finance Minister's speech iat 
 A3'lmei', and ask yourselves, if there ever was a clearer i-efutation 
 of the t*lauders then uttered bv that jrenleman. '-^^ 
 
52 
 
 Wliiitevor may ho the eHVoiitorv of the IJotwrabli' M'uuster', .nd 
 liowovei' rcfklo.sb ho inuv ho as ro;^"arils tho truth or faKsehoml of 
 the utterances he may make or has made in his slump orations in 
 ('•aumUx, he dared not, and he knows he dared not, issue a prospectus 
 of whicii the ahove extract forms a i)art, to the ca])italists of 
 lOnn'hui ' for the ne<^otiation of a h)aT), if he wei'e not satistied of its 
 Until, •!• tho Puhlio Accounts of Canaihi are in possession of 
 lOui^lish capitalists, and ckisoly sludied hy them, immediately at'tei- 
 they are issued in Cana<hi, and any false financial statemeiii madc! 
 hy him as Minister of Finance, would have been detected, — and 
 denounced, and. branded as having attempted to negotiate a loan under 
 false pretences, he tiiould have rtturwd to Canada without having effected 
 his object, and in a position almost too humiliated for him. 
 
 Ihe llonorahle Minister of Finance not satistied with the hazy 
 position into which he had plunged, liotween his speech at Ayimer 
 and his prospectus to the English ('apitalists, and fbrgetiul lliat the 
 tVjoholdors of Canada honoi' truth, as they despise falsehood, boldly 
 avowed that his ojnnions wore represented by a shield, with two 
 faces, that w'non he jiddressed the freeholders at Ayimer. he pro- 
 sended to them the false, or brazen side of tho shield prominantly. 
 (his o\vn imago.) but that to the Knglish Capitalists he presented 
 the silver side, to obtain their gold. One can imagine a hoi'se 
 jocke^y hoodwinking a green horn in the sale of a screw, at a fail", 
 and winking at the byslanderj to note liis chicane, but a finance 
 minister chuckling before an audience of the honost freoholdei'H of 
 (yanada, and ondeav()ui'ing to obtain their concurrence in so tran- 
 sparent a farce, as l;is having dared to put f< :th an untruthful 
 exposition of the tiijancial ))osition of Canada, to English Capitalists, 
 is be3'ond comprehension — know thyself is an old adage, and if the 
 linance miiv'stoi' in this transaction has drawn his own portrait, 1 
 venture to quote for !iis information, from Virgil . 
 
 Facilii< descensus AuerHO, sed revocare gradam, hie labor — hoc opit^ 
 ■• est.'' r^- ,1 'fr:k\'i^^' 
 
 i\x-:if^.' 
 
 :<^t 
 
 FREEHOLDEliS OF CANADA, 
 
 I have endeavoured ti shew you, that the uresent party in 
 power have attained their j)Osition by means not recognized by 
 men of integrity, as honorable. — That they have employed arts 
 equally disreputable to fortify their ])08ition. — That they promised 
 to govern the (youutry, by ))urity, impartii;Iity, and economy. — 
 That they have forfeited each, and every one of these pledges.— 
 That the}'^ have made no attempt to relievo the manufacturing, 
 commercial, ai.d agvicultural interests, by wise Legislation, but 
 have declared, that legislation is useless to relieve the Country, 
 and folding their arms, have permitted the ship of State to dritt 
 
 1 
 
 
 I 
 
 ■'# 
 
 M 
 
93 
 
 pr, iini 
 oml of 
 ons in 
 
 lists of 
 i of its^ 
 ision of 
 y after 
 I mudo 
 [i, — and 
 n under 
 effected 
 
 lie ha/.y 
 Aylmci' 
 Lhat the 
 , boldly 
 ith two 
 
 he prc- 
 ninantly, 
 •essenteil 
 
 a hovse 
 it a fair, 
 I finance 
 )ldei'H of 
 80 tran- 
 itruthful 
 pitalists, 
 lid if tlie 
 n'trait. 1 
 
 upon the h)'eakers.— That deficits have at len,<4-th l>y their nuMnaiia- 
 
 ueniont and incapacity, liecome chronic, general business is at a 
 
 stand, bankrujK'y is everywhere, cmi")loyment is not attaiiiabic, 
 
 ■' niannfacturos languish, and the labouring classes are emigrating, 
 
 I and the Country is tast depopulating, and it is apparent that a 
 
 i longer continuance in power of the present Ministry, will sink 
 
 1 Canada into ruin. 
 
 To 3^ou the duty appertains to relieve your noble heritage 
 
 ''rom the grasp of incapable and unprincipled men, and upon the 
 
 ■ exercise of your i»rivilcges in the right (iirection at the coining 
 
 elections, depends the prosperity of the Country or its continued 
 
 decadence, 
 
 A FREEHOLDER. 
 
 -hoc opm 
 
 party in 
 rnized by 
 3yed arts 
 promi>^ed 
 onomy. — 
 iledgcs.— 
 facturing, 
 ation, but 
 Country, 
 te to drift 
 
■!.J' 
 
 'U, 
 
 ■ f ' r, 
 
 '■ !>'*'» 
 
 T .. .'.".-f'-f'* 
 
 -u '> 
 
 ■/■»i';' < -.-i»'« -f 
 
 ,1 i I- !" 
 
 '4>J 
 
 !-0 J 
 
 t ,i. ", « 
 
 r..4t 
 
 t«l- 
 
 t. "ti "'^ 
 
 £, » ' 
 
 ' i .lit ' 1 , ' - 
 
 i ■!, 
 
 V . 
 
 .fl'1 
 
 ■', » 
 
 J. T' 
 
 ■r>-i> 
 
 [ ,;,',> ? -' '■ 
 
 •i:ou:^>^ 
 
 />. 
 
• { .T ( « 1 . 
 .> I! As 'J 
 
 .1 
 1 • . • -» ' 
 
 ^■^1-! 
 
 i "f. 
 
 'hi 
 
 TREA^TTSE 
 
 i. 
 
 '•15 
 
 -f-«' 
 
 *■;"' 
 U 
 
 FREE TRADE AUD PROTECTION. 
 
 -f-" t '.u 
 
 I-'hee Trade, 
 
 i. 
 
 ■■^i 
 
 
 Uf 
 
 :,, A-V 
 
 Is the 'application of tlio th^iory oi" ilivisiu'ii of labour to tin? 
 world ;it lar^e, and on the principle, that aii^)' article which is pr(r- 
 •diu'cd Ity till' lah'^ur ofrnevK Nvhere their skill an<l intelli^'ejjce are 
 <'oiitiue(i to one article, intlividuallj, or separately, upon i t»-s sei^iirato 
 parts, will be more artistieally and Ijetter inanutac tared, than if 
 <)iie \.'orkman were to divide his hkill und labour on many articles, 
 and that any "species of industry is nioix> profitably carried 'on in 
 that part ^ 'ti country, oi' in that country of the world, which fi-on« 
 its clinuite j)opulation «»r othei' advantages is better ad;'pted to its 
 manufacture or )>r(Mluct!0!i, tlum ir. n part of a Country or Countries 
 not possesssing' these peculiar advantages. 
 
 Hence political economists advanced the theory, that evejy 
 Country of the world ought to produce such articles as it could 
 produce l)est and cheapest, and in order to make the theory practi- 
 <'able, that all tariffs ought to l>e abolished, and thut the wants ot' 
 <litferent countries should be supp'icd fi-om that copiutr}', in which 
 each necessaiy of life could be produced, cheapest and best. 
 
 If the world were so situated that all nations would agi*ee (o 
 produee, and receive, pursuant to this theory of Free Trade, n<» 
 doubt its a<lo])tion would be mutually beneficial, but it is not 
 practically possible to bring about a state of thougl t and action so 
 <lesirable, and hence it is questionaljle how far a nation may with 
 benefit, and without loss to her commerce, commit herself to the 
 adoption of VvGi} Trade, whilst other nationalties sui-round their 
 commei'ce with <luties more or less protective, antl as exam[)los 
 in ])ractice. convey more valuable information, as a rule, than 
 theoi'ies, I pi'opose to examine in a general w^ay the actions of 
 <li'eat Britain and the United States, the two greatest Commercial 
 Nations of the World, as rega^'ds Free Trade, and I*)'otection, as 
 well as the position of Eui'opean (countries generally, and attempt 
 to deduce from the "csults to all, at the present perioo, which of the 
 two fiscal arrangements may be considei'ed most conduccive to 
 <':inadian interests. 
 
 'A- 
 
26 
 
 Kx(}LANi) AM) Viiv.r. Tkadk. 
 
 Kiigfish Statesmen for contnries inuintainod the prirrciplc. tli.jf 
 rVce trade was inimical to th« interests of Hngland, and they carriect 
 their ]>reiiidices so far, that they passed hiws destnietive to the 
 W'oollen trade of Ireland, part of their own territory, under the 
 idea that its Mannfaeture there, was injni'ious to their Monoj)oly, and, 
 thi'OMgh fear of intcrferenee with Kng'ljslv trade, by a series of acts 
 entii-ely indefensible, they caused the destruction of a Scotch 
 Settlement; at the Isthmus of Darien, broni<;l>t into beinij by » 
 talented clerijyman, nanied Puterson, for vhich a (Charter was 
 obtained in 1(]05, tVom William the Third, afterwards annulled, 
 and thus one of tlie best conceived and grandest commercial schemes 
 of the Woi'ld, was doomed to failure, by the Jealousy of British 
 Statesmen, as regarded their commercial relations. 
 
 Protective duties were continued in England, until manufactures 
 an<l commerce had jn-oduced colossal Avealth, and that the numbers 
 employed in the vjirious industries had ^:o increased, as to give 
 commercial interests preponderating influence in the state, and to 
 obtain chea}> lu'ead, a hard struggle was maintaineil for years, 
 between the mercantile and landed interests, for freely impoi'ted 
 bread stulfs, and at length under Sir liobert Peel's administration, 
 the impoi'tation l)ecame free, and soon after, most articles were per- 
 mitted to enter, free of duty. Thus Great Britain from the most 
 jealous protection, became the practical advocate of Free Trade. 
 Since then to the present period, she has contir>ued the same polic}', 
 and has bee.i enabled to do bo, in consequence of her great accumu- 
 lated capital, improved machinery, comparatively cheap labour, 
 and other advantages, and for a long period she was not only in 
 name, but in fact, the woi-kshop of the world. 
 
 Had all other nations or a majoi'ity, been satisfied to adojitand 
 continue free trade tariffs, she would probably have maintained 
 her monopoly of mannfactui-es, but other countries ])erceiving her 
 (n'os|>erity and its causes, and having within themselves the ele- 
 ments of prochu^tion, inti-oduced manufacfui'os. and fi)llowing her 
 previous example, tf) assist them i n their infancy, adopted tariiTU 
 more or less protective, and by protection, buiU up manufactures, 
 supplied their homo consumption, and are now competitors with 
 England, not oidy iiWheir own, and foivign count I'ies, but in the 
 markets of (Ircat Britain, Avith the advaijtage in the latter, of pay- 
 ing no duties, whilst British manufactures have to reach those 
 several countrien against a protective duty, and all the nations of 
 Europe arc now considering how much farther they may proceed 
 in that dir"''tion. The trade between Great Britain and the United 
 States, alTords a striking example of the chai>ge that has taken place 
 in the latter Country, — the exports from England to that (^)untry, 
 have fallen off in an extraordinary mantier, from £40,931,009, in 
 
 li 
 
27 
 
 til .If 
 u-i-ie(t 
 o the 
 I- the 
 V, and. 
 1' nets 
 l^cotelii 
 l)y a: 
 was 
 njlled, 
 hemes 
 British 
 
 jictures 
 umbers 
 to give 
 
 ami to 
 years, 
 nported 
 (tration, 
 ere per- 
 lie most 
 ) Trade, 
 c ]K)lic'3^ 
 aec'umu- 
 , hi\>oin', 
 
 o)ily in 
 
 ul opt and 
 lintaincd 
 iving her 
 , the ele- 
 w'wj; her 
 od tariilV 
 nt'actures, 
 tors with 
 ut in the 
 >r, of pny- 
 ai-h those 
 iiaiions of 
 f proceed 
 1^0 United 
 al<en place 
 t Country, 
 f):n/.)()9, in 
 
 18*71, to £M),824,00t1, in 187<). And Ih-itish morcliants find, tlial 
 tree trade whilst depriving tlioni ])artially of their home market, 
 is not rcciprocatcfl hy other Countries, l)iit that on the conti-ary 
 protective duties meet their exports everywhere, and curtail tlieir 
 l'oreii>"n trade. 
 
 This is a stailling revelation. an<l is occupying puMic attention 
 in England, the jiress is inculcating doubts as to the wisdoms ol' 
 the Free Trade Policy — a i'ij>j)le seems to ])ei'vade the surface of 
 the waters, soun to be f )ll()wed l)y a strong tide against a ))olicy. 
 suicidal to the commercial inte: jsts of that Countrv. A Wdrnin'i 
 to Canada. ,. ,.. • , ■., ..,<■. , . 
 
 The Unitkt) States. .. iv . V\ 
 
 The United States of America has a pojmlation of 40 millions 
 of people, with a countiy within her bounds, commanding the jM'o- 
 ductions of the temi)erato and semi-tropical regioTis, her jjcoplc 
 have passed tiirough a gigantic civil war, unparalleled in its features 
 of extravagance and waste of human life, and the necessaries for 
 its support, and dui-ing the war accumulated a debt of vast amount 
 within a short ])erio(l, yet borne without a murmiii", and to meet 
 the exigencies of this expenditure, and llie reduction of her debt, 
 as well as the annual necessary outlay of the Government. im])(<se<l 
 heavy import duties, almost prohibitoiy on all Mrticles maiiuiac- 
 tured by her own ])eople. as well j".»< on agricultural ])roducts. 
 iu)ne on raw materials, and revelling in high priced labour, and 
 su])erabundant current capitid. lejoiced under circumsta)ices, ap- 
 [)arently ruinous to any other Country. 
 
 During this peiiod, manufactuios and commerce accumnlaled 
 almost fabidous Ibrtunes for the majin-ity engage<l in the.-e pur- 
 suits, whilst agriculture was ecpially prosperous, and hence ma- 
 nufactories wei'e enlarged and inciease(.\ new and improved ma- 
 chinery set up, the most skilful artiznns in the work t-ho})s of 
 Europe, were induced to immigrate iiuo the Country, until at 
 present the ])eo])le of the United States are enabled, not only to 
 compete with Fur()|)ean manufactures, in her own C^ounti-y, l)Ut to 
 undersell them in the mai'kets of ihii-ope, and this notwithstanding 
 compj.rativeiy high ]))'ioed labour, and n,n extremely heavy muni- 
 cipal and state taxation, and this position is evidently in a great 
 measure, if not entirely, owing to Protection to Home tndmtrij. 
 
 Gx'PosiTioN TO Reciprocity. 
 
 If.'. 
 
 The New York Journal of Commerce says that '' over twcnty-fivt* 
 " promiilent tirms, mei'chants and manufacturers of Philadeli>^;ia, 
 " have signed and forwarded to the President a memorial protesting 
 " against any and all commercial or reciprocity treaties as impolitic 
 " in themselves and nnsuited to the United States form of (lovern- 
 *' ment. The meinorialists urge the President to decline ail propo- 
 
'• sitions i'.; ,-;;t«'i' into iioi^ol iat ions tor cornpacts of such ii.'iture. Tfu/y 
 ■• arc ospt'ciallv opposed to rofi[)rocity with (.'anada, as tliis country^ 
 " th« y asse:'', would tliorohy liecome a eoiiveniont funnel throiii^h 
 " which any :nn onnt of liritish niaiiufnctiircs could he ]»oui-od into 
 •• tJ.c Tnitod .Slitcs. to the dotrinient of the Federal revenue and to 
 •• t'n« iutei'est of United States .Manufactures.'' 
 
 Thk Dominion of Canada. 
 
 c-r! i 
 
 Canada horders 012 the Unite! States for 4,000 tniics, with a 
 s)»arsc population, oidy 4 millions, one teiitli of that of her neigh- 
 ho.ir. and a territory still lar^'er, her settled lands are fertile and 
 productive, and slu' ahounds in that cheapest of mechanical powers, 
 watei', and in situations |)cculiarh'adaj)ted for its cheap and successful 
 Use — >he is however under tjie j)resent )nana_<i;ement of her affairs, 
 condemned to see her manufactures lanuuisliini!;, her sn<>ar j-etineries 
 
 c ( 
 
 »sed, herdiiect tea trade cut otf, and lier population emiij^rati 
 
 n*'- 
 
 t<t the United States for worJ^, in factories, which she ought to 
 have running at home, and her agriculturists shut out from tlu' 
 •omsumption of hei* ])opulous iieighhoi-.— and why? hecause the 
 taritt' of the United States is ]ir()hil'!loi"y, whilst she is condemned 
 to the ignisfatuus'ot" Free Trade. So long as the United States 
 were etigagcd in internecine war,- the conse<|uence.s were not neen. 
 or fell, Ijecause the prices of labour, manufactures and agricultural 
 pi-oduce wci'e sc high then that (yanada was enabled to make use 
 of that market for all her sur])lus, whether of manufactures or 
 agricultu'al produce, at lenumerative prices, independently of the 
 laritf. hut the civil war conclude-f and lalioui- and j)roducts ol that 
 ("ountry having resumed somewhat of a noi'mal standard. Canada 
 is shut out from that markei by prohibitory tariffs, whilst Americ;i 
 is enabled to overrun the markets of Canada, with her manufactures 
 and agricultural j)roducts, on a compaiatively low duty for the 
 former, and none on the latter, thus Canadian maiuifacturers ai'c 
 placed under the feet of their neighl- rs, who slaugter theii* home 
 mai'kets, and send in their agricultural pi'oducts tree of duty, at 
 their discretion, and with what consequences? Tlu^ following 
 extract frotn the re])oi-t of the'United States Consul, at Toronto 
 .Mr. Shaw. j»ublished in the Washingtoi; New \\'orld, of IS October, 
 1S7(!, sutticiently ]iourti'ays, he says: " As far as trade, Ontario is 
 • the same as one of the States of the Union, trade large, and con- 
 •' tinuaily incri^asing, ieelings of ]ieople j)olitically and commei'- 
 •' cially thoi'oughly American, thiid<s for tiie future, Ontario will 
 •' roly on the United States for all her manufactures, an<l no manu- 
 •' facture could there now compete with the ['nited States manu- 
 •' facfures — Imports into Ontario, in IS";"), by last Official lieports 
 '• ])ubiished. amounted to over 42 millions of dollars, 20 millions 
 '• of which were trom the United States, 15 millions from Great 
 •'Britain. The e.xjtorts from 40 ports of that P)'ovince. were a 
 
29 
 
 They 
 mntryr 
 
 mI into 
 and to- 
 
 { M 
 
 ith a 
 
 w 
 
 noigl>- 
 ilo iui'l 
 
 icc'O.^sful 
 
 .•ittiiirs, 
 
 3tineiMOs 
 
 •.rratini!; 
 
 )Ugl\t to 
 
 roni tlu' 
 uiso tin' 
 idomned 
 !(1 States 
 not hcen. 
 •ieultural 
 naUe Uf»e 
 ctiires or 
 tly of the 
 :h of that 
 i. Canada 
 AtnoricM 
 luiactnrcs 
 y for the 
 iirors art' 
 icir homo 
 ■ duty, at 
 foliowinii; 
 , Toronto^ 
 =i Goto her! 
 Ontario is 
 , and con- 
 1 oommer- 
 itario will 
 1 no manu- 
 tes manii- 
 iil llcports 
 k; millions 
 roni (ireat 
 ff, wore a 
 
 '' little over 18 nnllions of dollars, — more than 8 millions less, than 
 " the imports fi-om United Stales. Failures in all Canada during 
 " the last two years are represented as 50 millions dollars — 
 " $()00,0()0 dollal'8 will cover United States losses—these heing 
 " principally cash sales, he rocotr^monds continuance of cash sales, 
 " and not to overstock the market. 
 
 These are stuhborn facts and not theories, and they shew, that 
 England hecame rich and ])rosp(.'rf)Us under the mo>t restrictively 
 jealous pi'otective system, '.hat under it she became the workshoj) of 
 the World, that the necessity for chea]) bread for her ]>eoplc, and ■ 
 raw materials for manufactures, forced hei' to adopt Free Trade 
 princi|)los, that her great capital accumulatad under ])rotection, 
 aided the continuation of her monopoly, that other countries in 
 l^lurope not leciprocaling in fice ti-ade. Iiut adc^pting hei' abandoned 
 system of ])rotection, have become successful maniifactniers, tmd 
 are supplying her tnai-kets and shutting l>er out of theirs. That 
 the United Stales under abnormal circumstances adopted an almost 
 ])j'ohibitory taritf, undei- which their manufactures have increased ■ 
 and impi'oved to ,-.uch a tiegree, that that Country is supj)lying her 
 own peoj)le, and her imp )rt- tVom.trreat IJritain, as between 1871 and 
 187'). shew a falling o!f of ^14 millions of pounds, whilst she at the 
 same time has agents in almost eveiy Kuroj)ean Country, (Ji-eat 
 Britain included, for their supi)ly, — that Irom the re|)orf of her 
 Consul, at Toi'onto, she has ab-()id)e(l almost the entire ti-ade of 
 Ontario, Mr. Shaw, wi-itcs of its tiade, as one of the State-, and 
 says, politically and commc'rcially, it, is Americani/.ed, (inJ. that 
 Canada cannot now roinide icif/i the States in am/ rnativfactvre, 1 call 
 attention to the word now, as the opinion of the American Consul, 
 because it is signiticant, a- to the position of Canada relatively, so 
 long as she is comparatively a Fi-ce Trader, and the United StJitea 
 j)rotectionists. 
 
 J have as a citizen r)f Canada thus drawn the attention of her 
 Freeholders and Statesmen, to the results of free tiado on the one ^^ 
 hand, and protection on the other, over the world, it is for you ^ 
 freeholders to determine, il" as tree traders 3'ou desire to become 
 hewers of w^ood and drawers of water for others, or under a well ■ 
 devised system of protection, increase your manufactures — etn|doy 
 youi' peojile to supply their own wants, build Cities, atul ]{ailroads, 
 till up your almost illimitable Countiy, and run the race of v\\\- 
 h-/Ai{'\ou, for coninicrre is the great civiUzer, or submit to a ."-y stem of < 
 Covertiment bringing ruin and retrogression, upon your Country. 
 
 Freeholders of Canada, let there l)e no comjiromise with your 
 representatives, rtf the Polls, — reject every candidtUc irres])cctive : 
 of every other consideration, but honesty, who will :t()t ])led^e 
 himself to protection, to home industry, commercial, and agricul- 
 tural. • , 
 
 A FIIEFIIOLDFR. 
 
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