^>. 
 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 f^^^<^4t. 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 150 
 
 I! US 
 
 1^ 1^ 
 1^ IS 
 
 2.0 
 
 1.8 
 
 
 '•25 1.4 III 1.6 
 
 r-^-= II III|SS== 
 
 
 ^ 6" 
 
 ► 
 
 Hiotographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, NY. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 

 I/. 
 
 %o 
 
 fe 
 ^ 
 
 V^o 
 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICIVIH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiq 
 
 ues 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibiiographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked b^^low. 
 
 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Couverture endommagie 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaurie et/ou pelliculie 
 
 Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 I I Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes g^ographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured init (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 n 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Relii avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La re liure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge intirieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajou^ees 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte. 
 mais. lorsque celn 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas M fiim^es. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppl6mentaires; 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a 6ti possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la methods normale de filmege 
 sont indiquAs ci-dessous. 
 
 I I Coloured pages/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommagdes 
 
 Pages /estored and/oi 
 
 Pages rastaurdes et/ou peilicul6es 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxet 
 Pages ddcolor^es, tachetdes ou piqudes 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages ddtach^es 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Qualitd in6gale de I'imprbssion 
 
 Includes supplementary materii 
 Comprend du materiel suppidmentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 I I Pages damaged/ 
 
 r~n Pages /estored and/or laminated/ 
 
 1^7] Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 
 I I Pages detached/ 
 
 Fy] Showthrough/ 
 
 I I Quality of print varies/ 
 
 I I Includes supplementary material/ 
 
 I I Only edition available/ 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best pcssible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont M filmdes d nouveau de fapon d 
 obtenir la rvieilleure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 
 
 
 
 
 14X 
 
 
 
 
 18X 
 
 
 
 
 22X 
 
 
 
 
 26X 
 
 
 
 
 30X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
lire 
 
 details 
 Lies du 
 : modifier 
 ger une 
 
 filmage 
 
 The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 The Nova Scotia 
 Lagiilativa Library 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quaiity 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 L'exemplaire fllmA fut reprodult grice A la 
 gAnArositA de: 
 
 The Nova Scotia 
 
 Legiilative Library 
 
 Les images suivantes ont M* reprodultes avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et 
 de la nettet6 de Texemplaire filmA, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Original copies In printed paper covers are filmed 
 ^<)ginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 §es 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimis sont filmts en commen^ant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant solt par la 
 dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'lllustratlon, solt par le second 
 plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont filmts en commenpant par la 
 premiere page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernlAre page qui comporte t.ne telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol ^^> (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la 
 dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le 
 symbols V signifie "FIN". 
 
 re 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner. Isft to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames &s 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre 
 film6s d des taux de reduction diff Arents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre 
 reprodult en un seul cliche, 11 est film6 it partir 
 de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 iilustrent la mdthode. 
 
 f errata 
 d to 
 
 U 
 
 le pelure, 
 
 pon d 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 32X 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 

 
 
 
 > / 
 
 ^ \ 
 
 ''^^ J kt r-' / %'*.'•('' / , , «' * 
 
 
 
 
 \' 
 
 
 I -f 
 
 'i \ r 'I 
 
 % 
 
 I Ai 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 3, 
 
 
 ■/, V 
 
 
 
 • ; 
 
 f 
 
 
 « .r- 
 
 A PRACTK'AL 
 
 ox TIFK 
 
 T.. ■ ^' ^ 
 
 
 BY 
 
 p. H. WOLFE 
 
 ?s^ 
 
 -^^^<^^^^f?^^ 
 
 *; 
 
 
 PBINTED BY WILLIA] 
 
 1878. 
 
 / 
 
 
 ^\,¥; 
 
 
 
?^^w;. 
 
 i*7't^ 
 
 ;'f /' 
 
 *•».•,■;•,!*.'* 
 
 ^^#^^ 
 
 \ V 
 
 C. 1 
 
 ■ J..i»''r' *•"• 
 
 i«p«ia 
 
 1^' 
 
 I*- 
 
 iOkasiiu 
 
 ^^H^ta 
 
A VJiAC'TICAI. TKEATISK 
 
 ON THK 
 
 ff¥, m m ^ m. 
 
 «■ 
 
 BY 
 
 C. H, ^VOLFE, D. M. I>. 
 
 >'*»! 
 
 PICTOU : 
 
 «»aiNTED BY WILLIAM HARRIft, 
 
 1873, 
 
 m 
 
 
. ^i^'^i^^^j^^y'^tc^:^' 
 
 (fill 4> 
 
 ^iiC 
 
 
 mmm.,i AUMmkvmmam m3 
 
i 
 
 / 
 
 A PRACTICAL 
 
 %uMu ait ih %Hih 
 
 -Utr^V^-t^ 
 
 The amount of information posst3S8ecl bj' thepub- 
 iic in reference to tlie Teetli,— their preservation, 
 treatment when diseaser*, and tlieir important 
 relation to the entire economy of the human system 
 is compai*atively small, and niucli of that which is 
 considered knowledge, is erroneous. Many, even 
 otherwise intelligent people, are sadly deficient in 
 a proper appreciation of the sul>ject and not unfre- 
 quently suffer from protractea derangements of 
 health which have their unsuspected origia in the 
 dental organs. The object of this article will be to 
 correct certain popular erroneous ideas and to im- 
 part such information as will prove of practical 
 value to the Public; and it will be a gratifying 
 indication, if the subject will receive such serious 
 attention as its importance demands. 
 
 The different parts which, in combination, con- 
 stitute the mouth, form a very important and 
 complicated portion of the animal body ; connected 
 as it is by sympathetic'relations to the entire organ- 
 ism, containing the Tongue, Teeth, Gums, and 
 Ridges, in which the Teeth are imbedded, receiving 
 the secretion of various glands ; and being the organ 
 of speef'h and mastication, it is not only the most 
 expressive fand characteristic, but also the most 
 important of all the features. The Teeth are valu- 
 
Hblr t^rgjiiirj of the system, their dt^velopuftHit ik oi/c^ 
 of the nioHt (Hirious and intHrestiiiK of tho phy- 
 sioloj3fi(rul prooesson ; they are tl»e hardest portion >f 
 of the body. Teeth are eouiponed of (1) the Pulp, 
 commonly called nerve, o(tt»upying the chamber ii» 
 the crown and the canal extending throuj^h the root f 
 (2) the Dentine, which constitut(?s the larj^est pari 
 of the tooth ; (1^) the Knautel, which forms thc' 
 covering and protection of the crowf» ; (4) the^ 
 Cementuoi, which covers the root. Tiie ex posted 
 part of a tooth — that above the gum — is called the 
 Crown ; that which is held within the socket, tlu^ 
 Root; and the constricted part l>etween the crown 
 and the root, the Neck. 
 
 The first ortemporary,commonly calUnl the Milk 
 Teeth are twenty in number, — ten in ea(;h Jaw,— 
 consisting^ of two central and two lateral incisors ;;: 
 two canines, or Eye teeth, and four molars or 
 double teeth. The eruption of the temporary teeth 
 varies somewliat in ditterent children, but as a rulp 
 the average time of the commencement is from the- 
 fifth month and by the second year usually all have- 
 made their appearance^. 
 
 Under favorable conditions the temporary teeth 
 ought not to decay, but simply loose their hold in 
 the jaw froii^ absorption of their roots to nmke room^ 
 for their successors, and drop out white and clean.. 
 These teeth are smaller tlxan the pern>anent and of 
 a less firm and solid texture; when tlierefore decay 
 commences in them, it proceeds more rapidly, and 
 for this reason they need more attention and care- 
 than the permsanent ones, I'he negle(;t of tlie first 
 teeth is a great mistake and gives risse to much, 
 mischiefy the i*etention of the first teeth is of great 
 importance in regulating the advance of the second.. 
 The exemption of children from the suftering 
 caused by decay of tlie teetlt and of the parent fronu 
 
 } 
 
 % m/ ;r ^- 1^ ?I 
 
 kW: 
 
 '* •>.* 
 
 "^^'V ', 
 
<i 
 
 i' 
 
 x-^"-:,r -"' ''it'll..*.:...!... 
 
 \ 
 
 \\w t'DnstHiucnt inconvenience and j)ain, will be best 
 sf^cured hy constant attention to them from their 
 first ai)pearance, thefreneral health of the child will 
 he i)romot(Hl by keepinf.^ these organs in such a 
 <M)ndition that inasticjition <'an be performed with- 
 out nain, otherwise the child will soon learn to 
 avoici tliat which is painful, and, by swallowing its 
 food without propev masti<*ation, will entail upon 
 itself all the evils of indigestion. In infancy the 
 mother should make it a part of her daily care of 
 the child to secure the perfect cleanliness of its 
 teeth, becoming thus accustomed to it, the child 
 when old enougli to use the brush will find it im- 
 possible to feel comfortable without Imving cleaned 
 its teeth, and !'ie practice thus commenced will be 
 almost sure to be continued through life ; small, soft 
 tooth brushes and pleasant dentrifices are now 
 manufactured exactly suited for the purpose. In 
 <*ases where, in spite of all the care that can be 
 given, the teeth will decay or where the eruption 
 of the second set takes place before the temporary 
 teeth are displaced by the absorption of their roots ; 
 the child should bo taken to an intelligent dentist 
 who is capable of deciding in regard to the best 
 treatment to be adopted. Premature extraction and 
 loss of the temporary teeth is the cause of most of 
 the irregularities and consequent disliguration of so 
 many mouths ; and when it is remembered, how 
 much is involved in this loss, not only the ability 
 to nuisticate the food and to articulate correctly, but 
 the comliness of the face through life ; the import- 
 ance of attention in season will not fail to be 
 appreciated. If decay commences, the same care 
 should be giv^en to prevent its extension as would 
 be given to the permanent teeth, and all cavities 
 should be tilled with some of the various prepara- 
 tions adapted to the purpose, now in the hands of 
 
 

 e, 
 
 tlie prolcssion. A good nilo is, to liavo ti doiitiMt 
 examine the mouth, after the (rhild is throe years 
 old, at lease twi(;e a year or ofteiier, if iieeessary. 
 
 The second or porinauent teeth, are tliirty-tvvo in 
 number, sixteen in eaeh Jaw, includin*? twelv^e n<>t 
 found in the first set, viz: eight bieuspeds, or half 
 molars and four wisdom teeth, their eruption begins 
 about tlie sixth year, and is terminated usually at 
 the fourteenth, ex('ept the wisdom teeth, which 
 appear from the seventeenth to the twenty-se(?ond 
 year. It must bo remembered tiiat the eruption of 
 the second teeth, l)egins while the first set is still in 
 
 first 
 eacdi 
 their 
 
 the mouth, thus, about the sixth year, the 
 permanent molars, four in number, one in 
 side of the upper and lower jaws, make 
 appearance. 
 
 The importance of proper attention to the clean- 
 liness of the teeth, can hardly be overstated, many 
 Eeople are under the erroneous impression, thrit 
 rushing the teeth is injurious to them. Nevar 
 was there a greater mistake, an old saying is: that 
 Cleanliness is next to Godliness — and tliis is parti- 
 cularly applicable to the mouth, as being, so to 
 speak, the entrance to the body, through which all 
 nourishment has to pass ; as a preventive of diseases 
 of the teeth and gums, thorough cleanliness is of 
 unquestioned importance, they should bo brushed 
 at least twice a day, on rising and retiring, and a 
 toothpick made of wood or quill, should be used 
 after eating, and all particles of food carefully 
 removed from between the teeth. The brush should 
 not be too stiff, and should be carried up and down 
 on the outside of the teeth^ and not traversly, 
 also, every portion of the inner surfaces should be 
 cleaned. The use of a good tooth powder once a 
 day is advisable, but these powders should contain 
 no acids, or gritty substances, such as charcoal, etc. 
 
 
 Jl \ 
 
 
 vnnm 
 
^-)^ 
 
 ^ki'Mi 
 
 Jkil^ 
 
 
 )r 
 
 ji t 
 
 / 
 
 Tlio (lop )sit ciUol tiirtiir, wliicli (M)lleuts more or 
 less abDiit tlio t«ctli, of all por-JoiiH, ditfjra in diffei- 
 eut indivkliials, atiil its prosoiKJO is in')ro or less 
 hurtful, ac'nordinjf to its (character and quantity. 
 In some cases its influence is exiroodingly perni- 
 cious, causing the giitn-t to boi!ome swollen, 
 inHanied, spongy ; pus oozing out from between 
 the necks ot the teotli, and absorption or waste of 
 the sockets of the toatli tiking place. The gums 
 become exceedingly piinful, and bleed on the 
 slightest touch, and on this account there is no 
 eft'ort made to keop the mouth clean ; the tartar 
 accumulates rapidly, and the result is the destruc- 
 tion more or loss sp9edily of the sockets in which 
 the teeth are implanted, and the loosening of the 
 teeth until they drop out. These, however, are not 
 the only rosuiis ; the breath becomes letid, the secre- 
 tions of the mouth are poisoned by pus, indigestion, 
 loss of appotito, heiidache, neuralgia and general 
 derangement of the health, follows. That derange- 
 ment of the digestive functions, and consequent 
 impairment of the whole economy of the sj'-stem, 
 miy result from a diseased condition of the mouth, 
 especially when such a condition continues for 
 years, as* is usuiUy the case, is too well established 
 to require an argument. The presence of decayed 
 te(^tii and roots, ulcerated or suppurating gums, 
 ac<'umulations of tartar etc., must necessarily 
 vitiate the secretions of the mouth and cause irrit- 
 ation more or less severe of the mucous membrane 
 of the stomach. Many people sutler for years from 
 indigestion, their digestive functions are carried on 
 with such dirliculty, as to make the introduction of 
 fo )d, a source of illness, and discomfort. The effects 
 of a pr )l()nged source of ill health of this kind, are 
 loss of tiesi), sallowness of complexion, weakness, 
 an incapa 'ity for Jiny exertion, headache, otfensive 
 
 r, S> 
 
 % 
 
 *w % 
 
 'Wi&i. 
 
8 
 
 breath, eU*. Lau^o (|iiaiititk»s of anti-dyspeptic 
 drugs are taken daily, without giving relief, or im- 
 proving the vigor of the stomach. The causes 
 involved in producing this attection are various, 
 but there are cases,— and many more than is gener- 
 ally supposed — wliere the cause can be traced 
 directly to the teeth. In a mouth where there are 
 a number, or sometimes nearly all the teeth, in a 
 decayed condition, there is a fearful amount of 
 poison generated. Aside from the decay of the 
 tooth substance itself, parti(?les of food which are 
 lodged after each meal, in the cavities formed by 
 decay, — and any one would be surprised at the 
 quantity of decayed matter which is stored in these 
 cavities, — undergo fermentation and decomposition. 
 The gums in these circumstances are always in a 
 diseased state, so that by pressing slightly upon 
 them, matter oozes out from between the necks of 
 the teeth. What becomes of all this poisonous 
 matter ; the result of decay, decomposition, diseased 
 gums, etc? It intermingles with the fluids of the 
 mouth, and in swallowing is carried into the 
 stomach. During eating, the movements of masti- 
 cation naturally exert a certain amount of pressure 
 upon the diseased i)arts, thereby extractint*- and 
 removing a large quantity of poisonous uijuter. 
 which is, in consequence of an increased flow of 
 saliva, saturated and impregnated v ith the food 
 and passed into the stomach, now consider the 
 constant absorption of so much poison to have 
 c<jntinued for years, will not the quantity taken into 
 the system, have reached frightful proportions ; add 
 to this the inability of masticating the food pro- 
 |)erly, and there))y taxing the digestive organs with 
 an extra function, v^iiich the teeth should have 
 performed, and the cause of dyspepsia, of many 
 cases is explained, or else it must be supposed that 
 
 
 
 
J.J- 
 
 * 
 
 Wi 
 
 * 
 
 
 9 
 
 the introd.iction of all this poison, and iinproperlv 
 divided food into the stomach is perfeetly harmless, 
 in its effects upon tiiaf organ, as well as upon the 
 system, at large. 
 
 The course of treatment for tliose patients who 
 sutler from dyspei)sia, in ('onnection with decayed 
 teeth, is self-evident, the taking of immense (quant- 
 ities of drugs fail to give them relief, because they 
 do not remove the cause, but assist in aggvavating 
 the alfection })y their additional taxati( n of the 
 digestive organs; they must place themselves under 
 the care of the dentist, liave their mouths put into a 
 healthy condition, and then they m;\y expect relief, 
 and a ceasing of that trou])iesome disease. The 
 exhalations fron» a mouth so disc^ased as has pre- 
 viously been described, nuiy, and no doubt often 
 does, produce an injurious effect upon the l)roncliial 
 tubes and lungs, and may even be the exciting 
 cause of consumption. 
 
 These being facrts, it is wonderful that so many, 
 otherwise intelligent [)eo])le, neglect the teeth of 
 their children, allowing them to grow up without 
 having ac<iuired the ha))it of k(»eping the mouth 
 scrupulously clean ; |)aying no attention to the 
 condition of the teeth, until an exposed nerve 
 speaks with a voi<'e that will not be silenced, an- 
 nouncing the mischief which has been allowed to 
 ])roceed unchecked. Still more wonderlul is it, 
 that so numy fail to appreciate the in. |)ortance of 
 takingcare of their own teeth, until decay, diseased 
 gums, and consequent suffering compel them : 
 then, when the demand has become imperative, 
 their chief thought seems to be, not, ho'v l)est to 
 j)revent further mischief, and to retain what is left 
 of their dental organs, in as perfect a condition as 
 may be, but [low cheaply immediate palliation of 
 their trouble can V)e secur(;d. Besides the useful- 
 
 i-wrj 
 
 XSf 
 
 
 .., i 
 
 ,ۥ 
 
 vr 
 
 ' i\^»i"« 
 
 ^iSH 
 
' ■/' 'i 
 
 
 10 
 
 ness of the teeth for .speech and lU'isticatioii, the 
 favourable impression mnda upon the general 
 health by the ability to niastioate the food, the com- 
 fort of a pure breath and wholesome saliva ; they 
 are important in their relation, to the beauty of the 
 human countenance. It is true that men can often 
 conceal the imperfections of their dental arrange- 
 ments, by letting the eaves of a heavy mustache, 
 ov^ershadow their mouths. But to woman, to hide 
 whose smile would be to take away half the sun- 
 shine of life, and to whom nature has kindly re- 
 fused, the growth that would deprive us of it, there 
 is no element of her beauty which can take the 
 place of white, even, well" shaped to<^th. Surely 
 these reasons enumerated, are enough to induce 
 f»ll, to pay that attention to them, upon which their 
 appearance, preservation and usefulness depend. 
 
 While all the other portions of the body are en- 
 dowed with the powor to repair injury and replace 
 lost tissue, the teeth do not possess such power, and, 
 if decay destroys any portion of their structure, 
 there is no possibility" of its restoration, except by 
 art. The great advantages to be derived from an 
 early attendance to any evidence of decay upon the 
 teeth, so as to arrest and combat it, can not be too 
 seriously impressed upon the minds of all. These 
 advantages are various, first there is a great saving 
 of mone3% the cavity formed by recent decay being 
 small, the expense for time and material required 
 for tilling the same will be in proportion ; next the 
 tooth is saved from lurther decay and retained in 
 the mouth as a useful organ, and' then there is the 
 [)rincipal desideratum, which is the prevention of 
 sutiering and pain. Every one, no doubt, is ac- 
 quainted with the fac^t, that when decay has once 
 encroached upon a tooth, it will invariably cause 
 its complete destruction, if left alone and not 
 
 fiE ■* "^ .* ' '''f A »/ 1 
 
 
 
;f„--v* 
 
 :#■ 
 
 L 
 
 T^m^ 
 
 ¥ih 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 arrested by operative iiieiuiss. In time, as this decay 
 continues' the nerve is laid bare from its bony 
 covering and then, when subjected to external 
 influences, commences that excruciating pain, the 
 toothache. How many have not suffered the fearful 
 agonies of an exposed nerve, what numbers of 
 sleepless nights has it not caused to those poor 
 sufferers ? The existence of manj'^ people,otherwise 
 healthy, is reduced to perfect misery from the 
 constant effects of toothache, they can not sit down 
 and enjoy a good hearty meal, for while they are 
 masticating their food, tliey are full of fear of touch- 
 ing some sore spot, and are obliged to select a few 
 of their sound teeth to do all the work. Now, if Iw 
 an early attendance to any sign of decay, the com- 
 fort of a good, sound set of teeth, as well as 
 exemption from so much suffering, can be secured 
 at a trifling expense, would it not seem strange, if 
 any intelligent person should neglect to do so. 
 
 Many people are under the impression that filling 
 teeth is extremely painful and that the nerve of 
 every tooth which is to be filled must be destroyed 
 and removed ; such is not the case by any means. 
 The operation of filliYig teeth where the nerve has 
 not as yet become exposed, is almost entirely pain- 
 less ; tiie nerve is not destroyed or touched "by the 
 instrument, because it is stiU covered by dentine, 
 and in cases where it is exposed, the same is now 
 very rarely destroyed, but covered and protected 
 by artificial means. Toothache, resulting from an 
 exposed nerve can in nearly all cases, be cured 
 almost instantly, without resorting to extraction. 
 Does filling of teeth save them ? Let the following 
 few lines answer that question. In the practice of 
 modern dentistry the work of fitting teeth is carried 
 to such perfection, that not only is decay arrested 
 and a tooth, which seemed destined to rapid destru- 
 
 ;*.. 
 
 A?.m 
 
 sJJtt 
 
 ^^A 
 

 12 
 
 <'tioii, SO repaired that it will last in many cases a 
 life time, but even where the jireater portion of a 
 tooth is gone it can he huilt up and made perfe<*tly 
 usefid. 
 
 The sul)stitution of improved foreeps, each one 
 adapted to tlie particular slia])e of the tootli, has 
 lendered the extraction of teeth a e v»mi)aratively 
 easy and much less painful operation, than the 
 foriner employment of the Key. There never was 
 claw on bird or beast that was the cause of such 
 anguish of apprehension, such howls of agony, as 
 that diabolical instrument, looking like a vulture's 
 talon, but known by the name of the Key. It was 
 a key indeed ; it may have opeiu^d the door of 
 Heaven to the sutl'ercr in due time ; but while the 
 bolt was turning, the victim though he was in the 
 other place. Now a patient comes in ; takes a few^ 
 whitl's of anjesthetic, has a number ofteeth submit- 
 ted to the embrace of the gentlemanly forceps which 
 lift them i'rom their sockets, as one takes out the 
 pegs of Ji solitaire-board ; comes to, stares about 
 him ; askr^ when you are going to begin ; is told it 
 is all over ; bui'sts into expressions of hysteric 
 gratitude ; wants to hug all mankind, and' make 
 the huiufui race happy at once ; sobers down presen- 
 tly ; ties up his face, and takes to retirement for a 
 few days, perusing " Zimerman on Solitude." 
 
 There is naturally, on the part of all those who 
 <*ontemplate wearing artificial teeth, a desire to 
 know something about them. In the foregoing re- 
 marks the attention of the reader has been called to 
 the very great importance of striving to preserve 
 the natiiral teeth ; that artitieial teeth can,— in spite 
 of the perfection to which their manufacture is 
 carried, — replace tJie natural ones in every respect 
 (•an not be supposed by any intelligent person, and 
 for this reason the value of the natural teeth must 
 
 
 
 K, 
 
 V\ 
 
 
 r-frr'V I 
 
mtsmmt^* 
 
 M' I II ill lii'i iliiiiajfti ydin^ ■ifttS'.^AX^v • %' ' ^ I* 4fM^ 
 
 1 '-' 
 
 bo {{]>pai'onL Bill whore tlu* natural oin^s lia\ e (jfcc/^ 
 lost or where tliev have been redui^ed l>v disease Ut 
 mere .stuiitps, llien th(» (mssession ot* artiHeial t(H'tl> 
 heei^nies of iiihiiite valuer. 'ri>i' eftbets ot* the los!-> 
 ol'the natural teeth are various, the sjreeeh is etfeel - 
 ed to sueh a deijfi'ee that it is (juite painful to witness 
 the ert(>rts njaile bv tl>e unfortunate person to bit*^' 
 his eonsoiTiants out ofthe alphabet ; for he ih redueed 
 to the eondition ofthe infant, whose boneless jj,uni>> 
 fire unlit tVn' any task l>ut the earessir>.i> ju'essure oV 
 the maternal mouthfuL The hiunblei', but stili 
 weeessary liinetion of masti(nition is impossible^ 
 Tlie jaws and museles olthe faee undergo a remark- 
 able elianre in their jK)sition, imparti-itg to \hc 
 features the* appearan<'e of old agi' j this is a point 
 of the greatest importance to the patient wIkj eon- 
 teniphites wearing artificial teeth, The necessity of 
 supplying the .jaws, after the natural teeth liave 
 l»een lost, as soon as pritctiea)>le with artilieial ones^ 
 will be recognized, after stating that the)» the least 
 possi])le change of the parts has taken ]>lace, tlu- 
 jaws are still in their natural position, and tlie 
 patient, on introducing artiticrial teeth, will lind it 
 very mnch easier, tf) speak, n>asticate and l>econie 
 used to their presence, than in cases Wliere th«' 
 absence of the natural tet^th has l)cen of long 
 duration/ The selection and insc-rtion of artilicial 
 leeth should be conducted with care ; and with 
 reference to their appearance they should l)e natuial 
 as to shape, size, and color. The advantages of 
 artiticial teeth are numercnis ; they prevent the 
 muscles of the cheeks froni fallling in, and in that 
 way preserve the natural ('ontoivv o+' the face, the 
 jaws are retained in their proper re»rttion to each 
 other, they serve perfectly for articulaticm, ami 
 though one can hardly crack a peai;h stone, as some 
 ean with their native ntolars, or use them for biting 
 off the heads of iron- nails, they can do good servicer 
 in the respectable »nd responsible duties of masti-- 
 ^«tion. 
 
 ^.— rw ' 
 
 
 
 
 *v>i' 
 
 1 
 
i».\ 
 
 .-i^SiWIPW^^K 
 
 fT^ 
 
 ¥■ 
 
i 
 
 ^iiJMBiiirrfiit iritr iiHiiMIT 
 
 nt 
 
 iVvu.f* 
 
 ?*%V 
 
 S 
 
 •If 
 
■ iwnw I III -i 
 
 1 
 
 i: 
 
 h 
 
 
^ • y- 
 
 A-Mj 
 
 mmmmmmi 
 
 t 
 
 ^■Ja*-^ 
 
 ■>" I •• «•:■». Mvw^aap' •^ii«»». fw I i^i n i<»»>n— ^»»-' 
 
 I 
 
 .*i 
 
 
 ♦■ '^^ 
 
 t 
 
 ( Graduate of T/a7*rard College, ) 
 
 Otters his services to the jmblie in mII the 
 brandies of Mo«lern Dentistry, 
 
 OPERATIVE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Fillings of Gold, Platinum, Silver, Tin, 
 etc., inserted Avith the utmost care. 
 
 Abscesses of teeth, and Fistulas u[)on the 
 cheeks, resulting from diseased teeth, cured. 
 
 Tait^r and other deposits upon the teeth, 
 removed, and the same cleansed and polished. 
 
 Teeth extracted with skill, and without 
 
 Pain, by the use of Nitrous Oxide Gas. 
 
 MECHANICAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Artificial sets of teeth inserted upon any 
 base, now known to the Profession, and war- 
 ranted to give entire satisfaction to the Patient 
 in every instance. v'^ 
 
 For natural appearance in the mouth, dura- 
 bility, usefulness, and fine workmanship, they 
 cannot be excelled. 
 
 Partial sets and Pivot teeth prei)ared. 
 
 20^ Office in A. Henderson's Building, 
 
 Water Street, Pictou, N. S. 
 
 T«- 
 
 ~;v«i, .•._.^ 
 
 
 fi^^ 
 
 t'*' 
 
 
 4,^ 
 
 I V 
 
I ' 
 
 ■4, ' 
 
 ,*..? ,, 
 
 i^^ 
 
 V^ 
 
 vm 
 
 f 
 
 lleffe, ) 
 
 ic in nil the 
 istrv. 
 
 PMENT. 
 
 Silver, Tin, 
 e. 
 
 Ins upon tlie 
 etli, curcHl. 
 >n the teetli, 
 nid polisluMl. 
 
 nd without 
 
 Kide Gas. 
 
 TMENT. 
 
 3 upon nnv 
 )n, nncl wnr- 
 f) tlie Patient 
 
 •t' 
 
 mouth, durn- 
 lanship, they 
 
 (pared. 
 
 tuilding, 
 Pictou, N. S. 
 
 ■'•''•'v--'^-! 
 
 
 » '' 
 
 
 -^y 
 
 J. 1 , ■ 
 
 % Fl 
 
 .^.^'^■i-Lfc^^■•ll