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For the Lent of 1851. 
 
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 ARMAND FRANCIS MARY De CHARBONNEL, 
 
 Bn tl)e ©race of (J?oi), axiit tt)c -facor of tl)e Ijohi Apostolic Sec, Cisljoj) of Clovonto : 
 To the Clergij and Laity of the Diocese : — 
 
 DEARLY BELOVED BRETHREN: 
 
 Do Penance, was the iirst preac hinj^ of our Lord after having fasted forty days in the Desert. Such will be our first 
 instruction to you in recalling to your minds, at the beginning of this holy season, 1st. What is Lent 1 2nd. For what reason Lent 
 was instituted ; '3rd. VVjth what disposition Lent is to be spent. 
 
 1st. Lent is a solemn farst of forty days, which, according to the most ancient doctors, as well as the Lord's Day on Sunday, 
 ■was instituted by the Apostles, and always observed throughout the Church of Christ. "There is no place," says St. Bazil, 
 preaching on Fast, " no city, no corner in the world, wherein this law is unknown • soldiers, travellers, merchants, hear it published 
 everywhere, and submit themselves to it with an humble docility; therefore let nobody bclievi; himself exempt from it. Every 
 Christian, of whatever country and rank he may be, is included in the precept ; angels record the names of those who keep it 
 exactly. Beafraiii, that by breaking it, yours be efTaced from the roll of the faithful servants." 
 
 Of old the greatest penances were scarcely sufficient for the primitive Christian. In this Diocese, through a disiwnsation 
 of the Holy Apostolical See, Lent consists in taking every day, Sundays excepted, a single full meal, which must he without flesh 
 meats, on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, as w-ll as on the first Thursday ol Lent and all the Holy Week. Besides it is 
 allowed to take a mouthful in tne morning and a small collation in the evening. 
 
 To transgress this law, without a sufficient reason, is a venial or mortal sin, according to the degree of the violation. 
 
 Are exempt from fasting : Youths under tvventy-nno years, and from both fasting and abstaining, children under seven years • 
 sick or weak persons; women with child or giving suck ; those who arc obliged to hard labors, in a word, all those who, through 
 whatever impediment, cannot either fast or abstain without a great inconvenience. 
 
 But remark well, dearly beloved brethren, that a disciect fast is rather wholesome. Such has always been the opinion of 
 eminent physicians, — we obey them for our health, would we not obey the Church for the health of our souls 1 Notwithstanding 
 the most austere fasts St. Paul, the first hermit, lived 113 yt..is; St. Antony, 1(15 ; St. Arseniu.?, and St. Romualdun, 120 ; St. John, 
 the silentiary, 101 ; the abbot Theoilosius, 105 ; the two Sts. Alutharius, St. I'aphiiucius, St. Sahas, St John of Egypt, about 1(K). 
 Have you ever read of a certain Cornaro, an Italian, that being exhaiistc<l by debauchery at 3.") years of ago, and being given up 
 by the doctors, recovered and enjoyed so perfect a health by the only means of a severe diet, living on twelve ounces a day, (hat 
 he dietl upwards of 100 years old. 
 
 When your motive for not fasting or not ahstaining is not evidently sufficient, you must take advice with a prudent pprson, 
 such as your Confessor or Pastor. A person may be excused for a day, a week, and not for another week or day. Again one may 
 be excused from fasting and not from abstaining, or from abstaining and not from fasting. But what you must know well about 
 that law so mtich abused amongst those who are not acfjuainled with our Divine Religion, is, that when a person transgresses it, 
 what defiles the soul is not the food, but the disobedience of the will. As it was disobetlience and not the food which defiled the 
 first Christians, when they ate blood or strangled meals, tbrbidden to them by the Apostles in the first council of Jerusalem ; as it 
 was disodedicncc and not the food which defiled the Jews when they ate swine's llesh or any other food forbidden to them by 
 Moses, in the name of (iod ; .\s it was disubedience and not the food which defiled men, when they ate flesh with blood forbidden 
 to Noah by God himself, after the llood ; as it was disobedience and not the food which defiled Adam, Eve, and their posterity 
 when they ate the fiuit forbidden to them by their Creator under i)ain of temporal and eternal death. Whence you see. Dearly 
 Beloved brethren, that the law of abstinence is as old as the worhl, and the first law which God gave to Man ; hence we see days 
 of abstinence and fast, kept not only by the Je'vs and Catholics, but even amongst Christians separated from us, amongst the 
 Musselmeu and Pagans. The Conmiou Prayer Honk of England contains n list of days of fast and abstinence. Amongst the 
 Greeks, those who do not keep Lent are not looked upon as Christians. Seventy different sects of .^Iahomedan8 keep a fast of one 
 month, and many tribes of Indians have been found keeping some fasts. 
 
 St. Paul, it is true, condemns in his Epistles the distinelion of meats ; but it was only against those who falsely forbade some 
 meats, and marriage itself, as things coming I'kum an evil principle, ami against ihosi- who durst not eat of meat sold in the market, 
 lest it might have been ottered to idols, just as we slioulil condemn, now, ignorant Catholics who would distinguish between beings 
 created by God and others created by Satan; hctweii. ■■"ticles sold in the niaiket by Indians, for instance, and others sold by 
 Catholics ; but liir from condemning the fasts of the Church in the texts referred to, St. Paul himself fasted and chastised his body 
 very severely, lest, perhaps, he might become a reprobate, recoiniiieiuUng nothing more than the mortification of the flesh, and 
 
 obedience to the lawso) llie Church, always as wise as the Holy Ghost, her diiiite atsis'^aiij 
 
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 For 2ml, Dearly Beloved Brethren, why has Lent been instituted 1 
 
 1-it. That thereby we might do the penance, so strictly commanded by our LDrd, as to hear Mass every Sunday, and cbmniuiii- 
 ;ite at least once a year, were prescribed by the rules of the Church, to dih^ct tis in the positive commandments of our Lord, 
 ubout praying, sanctifying his day, and eating his life-giving flesh. Oh ! Dearly Beloved Brethren, how consoling are those precepts 
 of our Mother; we know very well that tliere is no salvation without penance. " Unless you do penatice you shall all perish 
 likewise," says Jesus Christ. But how and in what measure, arc we tb do pehance tb discharge that indispensable duty % Could we 
 liave known that by ourselves ? and should have not such an uncertainty been for us a perpetual source of anxiety in the service of 
 tlod ! Whilst we are most positively certain that, by kce|)ing well the penitential prescriptions of the ruling Church, we lidly 
 'uifiU the Lord's Conniiandmcnts about doing penance ; and so we live in peace, as a child is (liiiet ibout his fatherS orders, when, 
 :o fulfill them, he has complied with the directions of his mother. 
 
 '2nd. — Lent has been instituted, that We might, according to the Prophet's warning turn oiirsetves to God with all our heart, 
 with fasting, weeping and mourning: that We might imit.vte not only Moses and Elias who fasted forty dayj, not only the 
 rit'chabites and iSazarltes so nuicli commended for their abstinence, not only the Ninivites saved from dest/uclidn by a fast of forty 
 iJays with sack-cloth; not only Daniel, Judith, Esther and Tobias highly praised and blessed for their fasts; not only David 
 whose kliees were weak through fasting ; not otdy the Prophetess Ann, who yet fasted at 84 years of age ; not only the greatest of 
 men, John tlie Baptist, scarcely eating and drinking, and his disciples often fasting; but that We might imitate Jesus Christ 
 liim..elf, who fasted forty days in the desert ; for it he sliHercd so inuch in his innocent flesh forour'sins, is it not 'right tliat We 
 should fast and suffer a little in our guilty and rebellious flesh, the cause of all his pains and death. Hence did he^predict to his 
 Apostles that alter his ascension his disciples should fast; hence did he teach them the way of fasting, not after the Pharisee's 
 i.ij.hion, but with humility and meritoriously lor heaven-; 'hence our Catholic'Lent, eniber days and vigils. 
 
 ,3rd. — Lent has been instituted to be a preparation for the great solemnity of Easter and for receiving the two Sacraments ol 
 Penance and Eucharist; tor, says St. Paul, Wo cannot hope to participate in the grace and the glory of Christ's resurrection, unless 
 sve participate in the aflliclions and sufferings of his passion. Now, are not the effects of fast to tame the tlesh, so often an occasion 
 of sin, to atone for sins and preserve from relapses, to cast out Satan and overcome his assaults, to elevate the mind and give our 
 prayers more efficacy, to increase our union with (iod and our merits lor heaven. " Fast for your sins, says St. Bazile, and fast, 
 not to sin any more ; you know that to their fast we're indebted, Sara for her deliverance from Devils ; Moses, Daniel, Elias, for the 
 most intimate communications with God, and two barren women for their sons f-'amson aiUi SamncK Tell me now, Dearly Beloved 
 Brethren, are not all those reasons of the institution of Lent calculated to encourage lis in observing its 'penitential prescrijiliors 
 with generous disposilions. 
 
 UL — The first and best fs to abstain frbiii sin and avoid its proximate occasion, to fulfill better one's iluties, and suffer inoi'e 
 I'.atiently with spirit of penailce-; another disposition is to accompany fasts with spiritual and corporal works of mercy according 
 to one's means and with more frerjueiltelcHations of the soul to God amidst daily occupations and crosses, saying often in the heart : 
 i ofler it to thte, God. for my sins ; have mercy on me, O Lord ; never forgetting these words of the Angel to Tobias, prayers, 
 iiiiHs and fasts are of better worth than trea'sures. 
 
 These dispositions. Dearly Beloved Brethren, necessary for sanctifyitig Lent, are particularly so for those who, for sortie reasctn, 
 iiie dispensed with fasting orabstaining ; they ought to eiuleavour to make up with the interior spirit of penance, what is watvffiig to 
 iLe exterior fast. Our forefathers in faith, besides austerities in comparison of which ours are nothing, used to go to 'confess at 
 Uie beginning of Lent ; do the same, Dearly Beloved Brethren, and you who frequent the Sacraments receive them '6flener with 
 better disposilions during this holy time ; there can be no better fruit of corporal fast and abstinence. ]Manna, a figure of the holy 
 Kucharist, was the only and daily food of the Israelites in the desert. A holy King used to confess his sins and receive every day 
 iif Lent; as for you who loo seldom receive the Sacraments pre|)are yourselves for receiving them very ^oon. Were you in mortal 
 i,:n and remaining in that unfortunate state, your fast would be lost for heaven ; since good works done in mortal sin, though being 
 iisefid for one's conversion cannot be meritorious lor heaven ; because before deserving the reward of the friends ol Goil, we needs 
 iiiUSt be his friends, and you are aware that being in mortal sin, instead of being the friends ot G6d,\>ve are his enemies, deserving 
 fell. Therefore, Dearly Beloved Brethren, as soon as possible make a sincere confessson with hearty contrition, either to increase 
 lit lo recover the friendship of God, through a Priest's absolution. 
 
 Finally, on next Wednesday, in order to begin well this holy career of penance, receive the blessed ashes with a spirit of com- 
 I unction, remembering what we have deserved for our sins, — remembering that we are dun, and we shall return to dust, — remembei- 
 M.g that this our dust shall share in the eternal doom of our soul either unhappy or happy, according to its works of flesh or penance.. 
 
 The Grace of Our Lord Jesus Christ, be with you all, Amen. 
 
 Miull the present Piretoral Address he. rrnd at Mas>- in all the Churches of the Diocese, on the first Sunday after its receplior . 
 
 t ARM'D. F. M., 
 
 ToRo.N-To, 23lh Feb., I'SSI. BisJut}^ of Tormito. 
 
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