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izaak Walton Killam Memorial Library
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* /^ CUi^C^

TO THE ELECTORS

OF THE

OF HALIFAX.

m
M

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t.-^

Fellow Electors, — .

The time is now rapidly approaching when, you will be required
to elect member* for the Dominion Legislature. ■.•.-.

In order that you may be the better prepared to perform this duty,
allow me to place a few focts before you. * ;^ , , „

Though it is porfoctly true, that a Government can do .very jtra^
towards making its subjects prosperous, yet it ia equally true* tm^^'^
their rulers aan do much towards preventing the progress of the people'^''''
in material wealth. When a Government performst ^fficipntly the '^
purpose for which it is constituted, in securing the lives, liberty and '
property of its subjects, leavipg each individual free to purslie ^
the business or occupation best suited to his cirgiimstancias, the , '
prosperity of its people will depend upon their own intelligence, ,!
industry audi'fi-ug<aUty. When, however, a Government fails .in thoae
all-importaiiil>' j^artioulars, the arm of industry becqmes paralyzed. .^
When the rulers ore extravagant in their expenditure of tne public ';'
funds, supporting a host of useless officials, or wasting them in public
works of but little. utility ; or when by. ill-advised legislation it tempts
or forces the people to embark their capital, or employ their labi)]^ in,
enterprises uMluited- to the circumstances of the country or the char- '
acter of thoijbqj^nlaition, jt retards tlue ^accumulation of \yealth.

Be 1^0 the Qpafederation of the Provinces we electors had only to ,
consider the pqntical questions prea^uiod to our yjew in one aspect, as
to the influence -(^ the measures advoQated upon the destinies of this
Province i, «aw^ 'jfei^Wever, we must also trace their effect lipon the
Domiuioil^ - , *^',j

In think, ho:\^yflf, you will «gree with me, that we ought in the
first place to look to puf pwu interests. We must not follow leaders
but jueasurers. We must ijotcstipport McKcnzie, because he is,,
rop|l|ientative of the Grit Biife '^^br McDonald, because he i» the '

*' fitivo Party ; but support thai.

\^ti promote the interests of'

""* ifvt justice whicli has so long_

rei)if9^jitative of the Lil
party, ^iiatever its name, ,^
the Dominion, and which will

been deuiod.

The question which most ^^HHpRft' the tarifl. Shall there be a
revision of the tariff or no ( 'i'hafw the question to be'detcrmined at
the polls. It is not a question of protection or not. 7*^eithcr of the
opposing parties are free traders. McDonald preaches a ])rotection
policy, but McKenzie puts it in practice. The present tariff is not d
revenue one, but one highly protective in its operation. While the
oil pressed by the forces of nature out of coal payq 50 per cent, duty,

in order that the oil veils of Ontario may paj' a large profit to their
owners, and the American Coal from which it is produced is allowed
to enter duty free, it is waste time to endeavour to make people
believe that the policy imposing the duty was not protective. While
nearly one third of the goods imported into the Dominion are free,
and others pay duties ranging Irom 5 to 350 per cent , and the
tariff by its operation creates manufactures and gives large profits to
manufacturers, it cannot be pretended that the tariff has been pre-
pared solely for revenue purposes.

Banishing, therefore, the question of protection for the present, let
us calmly consider which of the two parties it will be most for our
interest as K'ova Hcotians to support.

The present Government is mainly upheld by the influence of
Ontario, the most powerful, most selfish, and as respects her own
interests, the most br sighted Province in the Dominion,

Lot us trace the results of her influence on the financial legislation
of the Country.

In 1866 we imported into this Province ^14,381,000, on which
we paid duties amounting in all to $1,226,000. The year subsequent
to Confederation we only imported |8, 200,000, and paid duties
amounting to $1,132,000. So that previous to that measure we were
paying at the rate of $8.05 per cent., while the year after we had to
pay $13.78 per cent. The year previous to Confederation Ontario
and Quebec paid $13.62 per cent., the year after they only paid at
the rate of $11.83 per cent.

From 1869 to 1873 inclusive, Ontario and Quebec paid at the rate
of $11.91 per cent., while Xova Scotia paid at the rate of $12.96 per
cent. There was then a change of Governir.ent. The influence of
Ontario is at once felt. The duties in Ontario and Quebec from 1874
to 1877 inclusive, sinks from $11.91 per cent, to $11.83 per cent,
while those of JS'^ova Scotia rises from $12.96 per cent, to $13.69 per
cent.

Let us now make a few calculations based upon these figures.
Nova Scotia, from 1868 to 1873 inclusive, imported $55,64i5,432
worth of goods, and paid duties thereon amounting to $7,280,426, or
at the aveiTJge rate of $13.08 per cent, Ontario and Quebec during the
same period imported goods valued at $423,494,284, paying' for duty
thereon the sum of $50,462,099, or at the average rate of $11.91 per
cent. Now had Nova Scotia paid at the same rate as those Provinces,
she would only have paid as duty the sum of $6,627,705. If those
Provinces had paid at the same rate as Nova Scotia, they would have
paid the sum of $55,407,296. Let us now take the years for which
the present Government arc responsible, from 1874 to 1877 inclusive,
and we will find that Nova Scotia imported goods worth $39,671,476,
and paid for duties $5,434,541, while Ontario and (^Hiebec, importing
$345,889,565, paid for duties only $40,931,228. If Nova Scotia had
been paying at the same rate as those Provinces, she would only have
paid tlie sum of $4,694,524. If those Provinc68 had paid at the
same rate as Nova Scotia, they would have paid the sumof$47, 383,024.
1'he Blue Books therefore show that under the McDonald Government
in six years we paid out of a tctal amount of $7,280,426 the sum of
$652,721 more than the proportion paid by these IVovinces ; and
that under the present Government in four years out of total amount

of 85,434,541 we have paid the snip of $740,007 more tliaii the
proportion paid by tliose Provinces. Now had Ontario and <Juobec
paid at the same rate under tlie ^FcKenzie Government as they were
paying under the McDonald Government, they would have paid
$298,808 more than they have done, while Nova Scotia would have
paid $283,118 less. If they had been paying under the ^IcDonald
Government at the same rate as we were paying, they would have
paid in 6 years on a total importation of $423,494,284 the sum of
$4,930,953 more. And if they had paid under the McKenzie Govern-
ment at the same rate as we have been compelled to pay, tliey would
have paid in four years on a otal imjiortation of $345,889,565 the
sum of $6,448,724 more than they have actually paid.

If we compare the I'rovince of Ontario with the Province of Nova
Scotia, the difference is still more striking. The average rate of duty
of Nova Scotia from 1869 to 1877 inclusive, is $13.20 per cent,
while the average rate of Ontario is $10.13 per cent. Had she paid
at the same rate as Nova Scotia, she ought in those 9 years have paid
$10,517,200 more than she lias really paid.

These calculations, though based upon figures taken from the Blue
P>ooks, do not fairly represent the injustice perpetrated by the present
tariff upon this Province.

In 18G1 the total imports of thi.s Province amounting to $7,613,227,
and in 1866 they had increased to $14,381,008, having nearly doubled
in 5 years. The Blue Books show our imports of 1867-8 to have
been only $8,213,682. No person at all conversant with the trade
of this Province, will believe that the imports which had been so
rapidly increasing would have fallen ofi in one year by more than
$6,000,000, or could have dwindled down to $7,74J^333 the next
year. Bad as has been the effect of Confederation, it could not have
decreased our imports to one-half in two years. We must therefore
assume that the imports were implemented by iuiportations from the
other Provinces, no record of which is kapt in the Statistics of the
Dominion. Now, assuming that the imports have not increased, but
have remained what they were in 1866, instead of importing
$96,000,000 wo have really imported $145,000,000. If the careful
calculations made by Mr. Dwyer, and which were confirmed by Mr.
Brydges in a conversation I had with him on the subject of the goods
passing over the Intercolonial, be correct, the present imports of this
Province cannot be less than $18,000,000 per annum, instead of less
than $10,000,000, the figures shown by the Blue Books. Surely it is
not assuming too much to calculate upon an increase of $4,000,000 in
11 years, when the imports of Ontario and Quebec in the same period
have increased from $53,802,319 to $78,217,828, and when the total
imports of those Provinces during the last ten years have averaged
more than $70,900,000 per annum.

Lest, however, there should be any objection raised to this species
of argument, let iis assume that the trade of the Province has not
increased duiing the last ten years, but that with an increase of about
10 per cent, in the number of its inhabitants it still imports only
$14,500,000. Let me further assume that the goods imported from
the other Provinces have either paid duty there, or that their price has
been enhanced by the tariff, so that the average inhancement is e(iuiva-
lent to that of the goods imported from Foreign Countries. Those con-

• 4

versaut with thu intev-provinciul ti-adc will tell you that both these
calouluticms are under the mark, Theu wo will iind tiiab during the
last teu years 'Sovfx Scotia has paid not 812,700,000, hut really more
than $18,000,000 without excise or stamp duties, adding those she
has paid $20,000,000. Taking, therefore, the present j)opulation of
XoVa Scotia at 400,000, and Ihe present imi)orts at only $14,000,000,
it is equivalent to a payminit of $5.00 by every man, woman and chikl
in the Province, or $30 by every head of a family. In other words
every laboring man is compelled to give one days labor out of every
ten to sui)i>ort the government.

The articles used by the poor man, by the present tariii', pays as ■■
much ainl in many ca-ses far more than thoyo used by tlie wealthy.
Silks and satins pay no more than woollens and cottons. The tea
used by the wealthy manufacturer of Ontario pays about 10 per cent.,
while that used by our poor lisliermcn pays between 30 and 35 per
cent, out of every ten pounds of tea the former uses, the Govern-
ment takes one, while out of every four pounds tlie latter purchases,
the same, (jovernnient extracts one pound. The cigars smoked by the
millionaire at the bank board pay only 30 per cent., while the
tobacco smoked by the poor iisherinan on the Dauks of Xewfuundland.
pays 200 per cent. The wine consumed by the rich ]nerc]iant J)ay3
lessj than 20 per cent., while the rum drank by the poor laborer of this
Province i)ays more tlian 350 per cent. For every dollar's worth of
wine imported for the wealthy. Government gets 20 cents ; while it
makes the poor man pay $3.50 for every dollar's worth of rum im-
ported for him.

Is it surprising that the more Jightly taxed, mannuicturers of .
Ontario can send down their goods and undersell the ]iighly taxed,
people of this Province. f . ,

Is it astonishing that with a tariff constructed to enable the grocers ;
of Toronto to import li-om New York, that our We.st India trade
should languish, that our coopers should lack employment, our fisher- ^
men customers, and our ships return empty to this port after having i
deposited their cargoes at that great emporium of the Uniied States.

Is it a matter of wonder that with a tariff pressing ^o onerously
and so unjustly on this Province, the assessed values of the diifereut
counties show a largo decrease in value during the last ten years.
That Cape Dreton has decreased from $2,821,000 in 18G9, to ,
$2,G25,000 in 1878; that Digby from $1,284,000 has sunk to -
$1,084,000; that East Hants from $1,055,000 has gone down to
$1,472,000, and West Hants which in.i 870 stood at $2,423,000 is .
now assessed at $2,004,000, and that Queen's county- has dwindled
down from $1 ,8 1 2,000 to $1 ,245,000.

With these figures before you, taken from the public records, I call
upon you to exercise your franchise in favour of the party which will
so re adjust the tariii" as to make it fair and equitable in its operations.

The present Government has not listened to our reasonable
demands, but has refused to make any amendment. Let us try
another, and let us be careful in the selection of our representatives to
choose men who will not hesitate to abandon any Government that
will not do us justice.

JAMES THOMSON.
milfcijc, July rM,lS7S.