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WITH AN APPENDIX. 1^ niBuiUD BT ACtiosm o^^pn m>u»v ooiaaHionnM' oi nn AMOBiXfr. r ■ .rvi TO WHICH IS ADDBD> Tins NOBTH GEORGIA GAZETTE, AND WINTER CHRONICLE. FHILAOELPHU: iMIftWTJBD JUfD PUBl^tSMBD BT ABRJUUM SMALLt jf «"*"•" Na. 165, Chenat StNct. ISM. 3^s3.^i P!l? PS^^TT? • "'"'^---vw-iVV fh. '(V* • HmU It C^ g,y„, I, ^ n B. G I AN IS M ^ T I. •• £8: '^^r /- Cotftmanded fiY T ^fim*t^xSmiS, J^ I -.Wf ' T ' ^»|i|«ttiw* "^■.11: ^9- •€ ■•. -V *t<»iiniw(»f^,-4. \ R^T' S- .«t^;. |||MMilpM«P .'^to^i^SS^S PIP imh -ji-V, », , ^tm f:fSk} CONTENTS. yd^ VII XtPfl CHAPTER L femf to peiielnite (Ae Jee (o(^ ^Mtef^ <^MM(--royi^ lip tft0 i9t^ '~4a$9age through ^ Mse to the Weotern Coait-FJtrrkoal of Foo- MtiHon Baif, oh the southern tide of the eutrouce into Skr Jama idMetuter*t SOmtd, • 9 CHAPTER II. Mutnmee into BirJamet Laneastei's Sound of Bt^h^-^UmnUfvpltd fo»MM to the Wettward—Dieeoverpand Bxaminaiion ^Jmmie SeteiSpt JiiUt^Progress to the Southward eUmped hff JSx^Jfiktuim %., teihe JVbrtiiward— Poia Barrow^t Stnritf and enter the Polar Seop « • • • . • . ». • 33 CHAPTER III. tiaoourdiU Jfypearakees of an open Wetterl^ Pateage^Lond to the '\ JNMhwardt a teriee of Alunde—'General ofpearanee af tlum-^ ^tket wiih tome O^truetionfrom toip Idandt mrromuted mith M -^Bentatni ijf Eepnmaux Bute, and neitund product^ i ~ Martin JUaiuf — Tedioue JilUvii^UionJrom Foge and Md&-^1 of tteering a proper Couree — JirriotU and itonding on htand—Proeeed to the mttward, and reacft the Mtridion oTitO* IT. Long,, the Jknt ttage in the Senile fjfaewarde granted ty Jet if Parliament, . . , . 54 CHAPTER IV. JMIer ex m n enaH an of MeMUe Itland'^^Conliniutttion of oar jnv- gr0to the fFesttpard-^Long detention iy the lee-^Parhf itnt on ffttfrc to hunt Deer and Jflusk-oxen-^Betum in three (MM* ^kt hring their way— Mtnone^jf rig, of one hundred' and eighty tons; and it was proposed by the Navy Board fo raise tipon her a deck ok six feet, so as to increase her stowage as much as possible. Both ships had been taken into dock about the middle of December, in order to undergo a thmrough repair, and to receive every strengthening Which the nature of the service demanded. The number of individuals employed on this service, amounted to ninety-four ; their distributiop on board each ship is here shewn. OFFICERS, SEAMEN, MARINES, &c. Embarked en board Hia Majntya Shipt Beela and Griper, ON BOARD THE HEOLA. lieutenant and Comitoander— William Edward Parry - 1 Astronomer— Captain Edward Sabine, R.A. • • • I Lieutenant— Frederick William Beechey • - «»' f Surgeon— John Edwarda - - - - • - I Puner—WUliam Harvey Hooper - - - . | Carried over 5 m' vni Brought over 5 Atiiitant Surgeon— Ale»uid«r ^iaher -. - - - 1 Midihipmen— Joienit Nias, WHliam J. Bekley, Charles Pal- mer, James Clarke Ross, and John Bushnan . . 5 Clerk— James Halse - •- - - • - 1 Gunners-James Scallon w . . . . . 1 Boatswain— Jacob Swansea ..... i Carpenteiw-William WaUis 1 Gre«dUnd Masl«r^ John Allisen - . - - 1 Greealaaci Male— George Cnlwfevd ... • 1 COOlC - - .; - - - - - - I JLeadiiig Men - . . . ^ . . 4 Quarts-Master - - - - . - - % 6unners«>nnte - - - .... 1 Boatsiwain's-msite - - . - - . . i Car|MiMerV>mate . . . . . . 1 Armourer'sHnate •> . - - - « 1 Sail-maker « . . . . . *. } Able Seamen . . . .... 31^ Serjeant of Marinet - - •.•«.! PrNiites6f ditto ... . . . . $ Total 5« OH BOAKD THE GIIIPEB. LfemtenaBC and Commander— Matthew Liddon - . | Lieutenan^^-^enry Paricyns Hoppner - - - i Assistant Surgeon— Cliitrles James Beverly - - 1 Midshipmen— Andrew Reid, A. M. Skene, and William : Nelson Griffiths . . - - . .3 Clerk— Cvrus Wakeham ... . - 1 Greenland Master— George Fife - - . , . 1 Greenland Mate— Alexander Elder . . . . f Cook . . . . . . . .1 Leading Men - -3 Quartnr^maaier w. ^ .. . -i Gunner's-mate - - . - . . -1 Boatswain's-mate . . . . . . 1 Sarpenter's-maie . ./ l*. . - . i .rmourerVmate . .' J . - - , % Siil-maker . . . . . . .1 Able Seamen ...*. .•. . .18 Corporal of Marines - - - • . . 1 Brivatcs of ditto 4 Total 36 Km f s m ix As an encouragement to the officers, seamen, and marines, Who were desirous of being employed on this service, the Lords Com- missioners of the Admiralty were pleased to grant to every indi- vidual engaged in the Expeditioa, double the ordinary pay of His Majesty's Navy. The ships were speedily manned with a full complement of excellent seamen ; nearly the whole of those who had served on the former Expedition having again volunteered their services, besides numerous othen who were anxious to be employed on this occasion. llie mode of fortifying or strengthening the ships was princi- pally the same as that adopted on board the Isabella and Alexan- der in 1818. The Lords Commissionen of the Admiralty were pleased to direct the Navy and Victualling Boards to furniah every thing which the experience of the former voyage had suggested as necessary, and during the whole progress of our fitting, I received the greatest attention and assistance from those Boards, who most readily complied with every wish expressed by me for' the more complete equipment of the ships. The mode of rigging the vessels was that of a barque, as being the most convenient among the ice, and requiring t^e smallest number of men to work them ; a consideration of no little impor- tance, where it was a material object to sail with as few ptenons as possible, in order to extend our resources to the utmost. The Hecla's mizen-topsail was, therefore, taken away, and the mizjcn- mast, top-nust, gaff, and driver«>boom lengthenedf so as to m|lce lip, by a large driver and gaff-topsail, nearly the same quandiy cif after-sail as htfd/ttt the foremast and mainmast remaining the SiNn^jl^ as on the forttie/r Mtablishment. By this alteration we were enabled to put the ship's company into three watches, a regulation which ia well kiiK^wn to tettl very essentially to the health and comfort of seamen, white it serves also the important purpose of teaching them their own strength, and increasing their activi^ on occasions requiring more than ordinary exertion. The ships were completely furnished with provisions and stores for a period of two years; in addition to which, a large supply of fresh meats and soups, preserved in tin cases, by Messrs. Donkin and Gamble, of Burkitt's essence of malt and hops, and of the es- sence of spruce, was also put on board, besides a number of other extra stores, adapted to cold climates, and a long voyage. Tht antiscorbutics consisted of lemon-juice (which forma a part of the f-t g."; ?(*, 1 1 daily rations on board His Majesty's ships), vinegar, sour-krout, pickles, and herbs; and the whole of the provisions, which were of the very best quality, were stowed in tight casks, to preserve them from moisture or other injury. As a matter of experiment, a small quantity of vinegar* in a highly-concentrated state^ recom- mended and prepared by Doctor Bollman> was also put on board* and was found of essential service, the greater part of the common kind being destroyed by the severity of the frost. In order to save stowage, only a small proportion of biscuit was received } flour, which had been previously kiln-dried with great care, being substi- tuted in its place. For the purpose of baking for the duly con- sumption of the crews during the winter months, a portable oven was furnished to the Hecia ; and after a good leaven had been once (Obtained, we found no difficulty in baking light and wholesome, bread, even in the severest part of the season. The ships were ballasted entirely with coals, (of which the Hecla stowed seventy, and the Griper thirty-four chaldrons), together with such a quan- tity of fire>wood as was necessary for the stowage of the casks in the holds. To add to our warmth, and to keep out the snow during the winter, a housing-cloth was prepared of the same materials as that with which wagons are usually covered, and which being laid on planks, supported amidships by spars lashed fore and aft between iSfi masts, snd resting with their lower ends on the gunwale, com- pletely answered the purpose for which it was intended. Care was taken to provide abundance of warm clothing, and one suit of the best quality was liberally furnished for each man em- ployed in the Expedition, to be served gratis at my discretion* Among the numerous articles of this kind which contributed es- sentially to our comfort, a wolf-skin blanket was supplied for etch officer and man, which, in addition to those of the common sort, eifectually kept the people warm in their beds, although from the necessary economy in fuel, the temperature of the decks was frer quently much below the freezing point during the nights. To be prepared against the chances of meeting with any nativeif in the countries which we were about to visit, the ships were di- rected to be furnished with a large quantity of various kinds of presents, both to secure their friendship, and to purchase any sup- plies of which wa might stand in need. In short, nothing was XI omitted which could in any degree tend to the sucresl^Cff the en* terprise, or to the health, convenience, and comfort of those en* gaged in it. I feel myself particularly indebted to the kindness of Commissioner Cdnningham, and the officers employed ihider him in the different depai^ments of the dock-yard at Deptford, in com- plying withy and even anticipating, my wishes for the promotion of these objects. My thvnks are also due, in an especial manner to my friend Captain Henry Garrett, agent victualler at that port, whose ready ittention to all our wants in his public department, could only be equalled by the warm hospitality we experienced from him during the tim^ of our equipment. While care was thus taken that nothing should be wanting to ensure the success of the Expedition in its main object, the improve- ment of geography and navigation, as well as the general interests of science* were considered as of scarcely less importance. For this purpose, a number of valuable instruments, (of which a list is subjoined), were furnished to each ship; and Captain Sabih'c, of the Royal Artillery, who was recommended by tHe Presidchit and Council of the Royal Society, was embarked on board the Hecla, as Astronomer to the Expedition. Previously to our leaving Deptford, the ships were Visited by Viscount Melville, who presided at the Admiralty, as well ias by several of the Lords Commissioners, and by the Comptrblt<^r of the Navy, who were pleased to express their satisfaction at th^ man- ner in which their directions and intentions had been complied with in the general equipment of the Expedition. On the 2d of May, I repaired to the Admiralty, to receive their Lordship's final Instructions for the conduct of the Expedition,' b copy of which im- mediately precedes the Narrative. List of the Instruments^ ^c. embarked 071 board each of the two ' Ships. TImm BMrked with an AMertek were farnialied to the Heela onlj. * 2 Astronomical Clocks, with Stands. 11 Chronometers on board the Hecla, and ftfur on board the » Griper. #*| Transit instrument. - / / /I • fc- / xu * 1 Portable obMnmtory. * 1 Repeating circle. 1 Bipping*needle. * A second ditto, the property of Hemy Browne, esq. * 1 Instrument for magnetic force, on Captain Kater's improved constructicm. * 1 Variation transit. * 1 Variation needle. 4 Azimuth compasses, on Captain Kater^s improved con- struction. 1 Dip-sector, invented by Dr. WoUaston. 2 Mountain barometers. / 2 Marine ditto. 2 Altitude instruments, invented by Captain Kater. 1 theodolite. 2 Anglometers. 1 Circular protractor. 3 Artificial horizons. 1 Hydrometer. 1 Water-bottle, invented by Dr. Marcet. 10 Thermometers. . * 4 Self-registering ditto, (Sixers), with iron cases for fastening •to the deep-sea lead. * 2 Electrometers, with chains. Together, with a complete set of drawing instruments, scales, beam-compaitses, &c. for the construction of charts. On our return to England, in the beginning of November, 1820 all the journals, logs, charts, and drawings, which had been fur**' nished by every individual belonging to the Expedition, were de^ livered to the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, to be at. their disposal ; and their Lordships were pleased immediately to direct ^them to be returned into my hands, for the purpose of pre- paring for4>ujblft^tioh^lindei^ their authority, an official account of the voyage. ■ v In performing this duty; it has been my earnest endeavour equal- ly to avoid, on the one hand, a too minute and tedious detail of occurrences, which^ as the materials for a future account, properly form a part bf a manuscript journal, but which, if given in theit^ original form, would only serve to tire by their repetition ; and on \ ■■—**»»•- ,^. ,„^. the other, to omit nothing which came under my notice, and that may be considered interesting, either by the scientiBo or the gene- ral reader. The following account of the proceedings of the Expedition it taken principally from the official Journal kept by myself on board the Hecla, and always written within twen^-four hours after the occurrence of the events recorded in it. In seVeral instances, how- aver, I have been happy to avail myself of the joumala or reports fiumisbed by the other offic^ers, in all which cases the obligation is acknowledged by inverted commas, and by personalty mentioning the individual who supplied the acbount. !>a» The Chart in this volume, comprising surveys of every coast visited by the Expedition during the voyage^ is reduced from those drawH^on bc«rd the Hecla under my immediate inspection, by Mr. Bushnan, Midshipman of that ship, a gentlenum well skill- ed in the construction of charts, and in the art of marine skirveying. The original is lodged in the Hydrographical Office of the Admi- ralty, together with a detailed account of all the angles and other materials used in their construction. As it waa known that no re- liance could be placed on: the compaiises from the spot* where dur discoveries commenced (namely, from the entrance of Sir James Ijancaster*8 Sound, westward), it was determined j from the first, altogether to reject magnetic bearings in the construction, of the charts, using only those deduced astronomically from the sun's al- titude and azimuth, together with its angular distance from the object whose true bearing was required. Astronomical bearinga were always thus obtained at the same time with observations for latitude and longitude. Whenever it was considered expedient to take them at other times, the log was of necessity resorted to, in order to obtain the ship's place from the nearest observation ; and when this time happened to fall nearly midway between two .ob- servations, the mean of the reckoning, worked backwtoda, and for^. irards, was taken to fix the ship's place. In the selection of an- gles for the construction of the charts, those have, for obvious rea<^ sons, been preferred, which were most easterly or westerly, when an observation for latitude was made ; and those which were most northerly or southerly, at the time of an actual observation for de- termining the longitude. When Angles only were taken, that is, when the sun was obscured so as to prevent the possibili^ of ob- taining his altitude and azimuth, the angles were Hsed by laying XIV tbcm off from one or more points, whose geographical position had been previously fixed } and by this means, in many instances, the former angles have been found to correspond and intersect accu- ralely, when ^re would otherwise have been considerable dbubt M to the exact place of the 'ship. The observations for latitude nd kmgitade have been seldom or never made by less than two, and frequently by three or four, observers^ and a mean of these uaed in ihe coostrucdon of the chart. The observers were genc^ rally Captain Sabine, Lieutenant Beechey, Mr. Hooper, and my- aetf I the angles were taken with a sextant i sometimes by myself, and sometimes by Lieutenant Beechey, to wliose skill and industry an this department of my duty, I am happy to acknowledge myself vary materially indebted. To avoid unnecessary repetition in the course of Ae following Narrativef it miwt be remuked that all the bearings are tii^ truh OUM,^ uidess otherwise expressly noticed ; and the whole of the latitudes are .iVbriA, and the longitudes West from the meridim of Greenwich^ The temperatures were registered entirely l^Fah** renhei^ tfiermometer, and it may be necessary to inform the gene- ral reader^ that the signs + and •— preceding any number of degrees^ signify above or below 2tfro of that scale. The temperature of the sea at diffeteht depths was obtained, un- less otherwise noticed, by Sixe's self-registering thermometer, con- fiaedj in an iron case, and attadied to the deep-sea lead. The bottle used for bringing up water from different depths bdow the surface, was invented by Doctor Marcet, expressly for the use of this Expedition. It consists of a strong and heavy cylindrical box of cast iron, having a small aperture at each end ; through theses apertures passes a bolt which, when let down into its place, com* pletely closes them, but when held up by means of a catch in die uj^er partof the box, allows the water to pass through them free* Iy» both at the top and bottom; Being thus set, it is let down to May depth required, by a line pacing through a hole in a spherical iron weight about the size of a four-pounder shot, which is retain- ed on board till the instrment is low enough ; the weight is then let go, and running rapidly down the line, strikes the catch so as to release it) and close the apertures, confining the water which has entered the cylinder. Thi& instrument, from its extreme sim- plicity, and the certainty with which it obtains the water from a '-•*^*.t*%' . >y known depth, scemf the best of any which has yet been adopted far this purpose. Care hasbeen taken to avoid* as much as possible, the use of technical expressions, which might serve tp render the Narrative unintelligible to any but seamen : as, however, such exprtasiona cannot at all times be dispensed with» especially in the navigatioa among^cc, the nature of which is totally diiferent from any other, I have subjoined an Explanation of the few terms of this kind which occur in the course of my Journal. I had once thought to have cursorily drawn up a connected Nar- ntive of the numerous efforts and the results of former Expedi- tions, sent out, by this country and other maritime nations, to ex- plore the Arctic ■regions, from the earliest periods to the present time ; but as this would have occupied a considerable space, and, after all, would have been but a brief abstract of what Forster, Burney, and Barrow, have already done, it appeared, on second thoughts, a superfluous undertaking. My mQtiv^ indeed, it must be frankly owned, was rather of a selfish kind, the gratification of myself and comrades, by thus bringing together the repeated ex- ertions of two centuries, and those of a single vQyage» and by in- stituting a comparison of their results, so favoun4>le and so flatter- ing to ail oi us who had the good fortune to be employed on that voyage. Here, however, I must be permitted to say that, what- ever the extent of our success may have been, it is to be.aacribed^ in a great degree, to the zealous and cordial co-operation of Lieu- tenant Liddon and all the officers of both ships, and the uniform good conduct of the, men, to all of whom, collectively and indivi- dually, I am most happy in availing myself of this opportuni^, of publicly tendering that justice which is so eminendy their due. In closing this introductory part of the work, I would willingly offer a few words by way of apology, for the many faults which, I am but too well convinced, will be found in the s^le, of the Narra- tive. It has been said, ** Les marina tcrivent mal, mat* avec asaez de candeurJ*^ None can feel more deeply than myself the truth of the former part of this assertion ; and none, I can with equal sincerity aver, have studied more to deserve the concluding part ; but I build my chief hopes of disarming the severity of criticism, on a consideration of that early period of life at which the nature of our profession calls. us from our studies, and which, in my own case, drew me away at the age of twelve, and has kept me con- ttaadly emplojred at Mt ever tince. The extent of njr nioi hu been, te give a plain and faithful account of Uie. facta which I col- lected, and the observatimia which were made by niyaelf and oUiers, in the conrae of the voyage; and these, as far as they go, may be relied on as scrupulously exact. It is for others, better qualified than ourselveSf to make their deductions from those tacts. EXPLANATION OF TECHNICAL TERMS Made U»e of in the course of the foUowirig Narrative, So^-iirr.— Ice newly formed upon the surface. Beeeti^^The situation of a ship, when so closely surrounded by ice^ ■ ' as to prevent her sailing about. JSt^Af.— An indentation in a floe of ice, like a bay, by which name it is sometimes called. BHnk^-'K peculiar brightness in the atmosphere which is almost always perceptible in approaching ice, or land covered with snow.— Xand-blink is usually more yellow than ' that of-^ ice. jBore.— .The operation of ^boring" through loose ice consists in entering it under a press of sail, and forcing the ship through by separating the masses. C/rar ITaffr.— The sea unincumbered with ice. OottfViVtf«A large body of loose ice, whose extent cannot be seen. A Patch o/'/cff.— The same as a pack, but of small dimensions. SaUing' Jce,if^lct of which the masses are so muth separated, aa ' to allow a ship to sail among them without great difficulty, A Tongve,-^A mass of ice projecting under water, in a horizontal direction, from an ice-berg or floe.^— A ship sometimes grazes, or is set fast on a tong(ue of ice, which may, how* ever, generally be avoided^ being easily seen in smooth ■'■■> • water. ■ ■ ■ ■ ' AWater'Sitfi—'A certain dark appearance of the sky Which indi* cates dear water in that direction, and which, when con- ' trasted with the blink over iCe, or land, is very conspi- cuous. T^iijgo J^ff.—^The same as bay-ice. •».V' OFFICIAL INSTRUCTIONS. By the Commissioner* for executing" the Office of Lord High Admired of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland^ ^c.^c* WHEREAS we have thought fit to appoint you to the com- mand of an Expedition, for the purpose of endeavouring to disco- ver a North-west Passage from the AtIantic,to the Pacific Oceanr you ar« hereby required* and directed tc put to sea in the Hecla, and, in company with the Griper, wh. i, wi^h her commander /^3 Lieutenant Liddon, hn been placed under yourorderty make tht bcit of your way to the entrance of Davis' Strait. On your arrival in this Strait, your further proceedinga must be regulated chiefly by the position and extent of the ice; but, on find- ing it sufficiently open to permit your approach to the weatern shores of the Strait, and your advance to the northward as far as the opening into Sir James Lancaster's Sound, you are to proceed in the first instance to that part of the coast, and use your best endeavours to explore the bottom of that Sound ; or, in the event of its proving a strait opening to the westward, you are to use all possible means, consistently with the safety of the two ships* to pass through it, and ascertain its direction and communications; and if it should be found to connect itself with the northern sea, you are to make the best of your way to Behring's Strait. If, however, you should ascertain that there is no passage through Sir James Lancaster's Sound, but that it is enclosed by continucMis land, or so completely blocked up with ice as to afford no hope of a passage through it, you are in that case to proceed ta the north* ward, and in like manner exan^ine Alderman Jones's Sound. Pul- ing to find a passage through this Sound, you are to make the best c^your way to Sir Thomas Smith's Sound* which is described by Baffin as the largest in the whole bay ; and carefully explore, as far as pvacticisblei every part of it, as well as of any strait ' you may diecdveri leading from it into any other sea. On failing to midce a passage through this Sound, you are to return to the southward down Baffin's Bay, and endeavour to make your way. through Cum- berland Strait, or any opening in that neighbourhood which may lead you to the seas adjoining the eastern or northern coast of America; you are then, by whatever course you may have reached these seas, to pursue your voyage along that coast, to the northward or Westward to Behning's Strait. We have hitherto supposed that, on your first arrival in Davis' $trait, the navigation to the northward shall be found practicable. If, how^ivei*, you should find the contrary to be the case* and that the sea towards the western side of the Strait is so loaded with ice, as to render it difficult and dangerous for the ships to proceed so far to the northward as Lancaster Sound, at so early a period of the season ; it may be advisable, in that case, to endeavour in the first instance, to examine Cumberland Strait, or any other opening that jenay be likely to bring you to the eastern coast of America, in pre- ■V. xix femwe to the lost of time and the danger to the »hipt, whicli might be occasioned in persevering too anxiously in the attempt to get to Lancaster Sound t and should you, on your first reaching Davis' Strait, find it to be impracticable to make your way up the western side of the Strait to that Sound, or even to Cumberland Strait* you will understand that you are at liberty to proceed towards those places, going round by a more easterly track, if the state of the ice, and all other circumstances, should induce you to think it roost advisable to do so. Thus, although the track, which we wish ^yott to pursue, if practicable, is pointed out } you will, nevertheless, perceive, that the course to be finally adopted by you for getting to the northward, is, in fact, left to your own discretion, on a care- ful examination into the state of the ice on your arrival in Davis' Strait; always bearing in mind, that, it is an important object of the Expedition, that Lancaster Sound be thoroughly examined by you, and afterwards those of Jones and Smith, if you should have failed in previously finding a passage to the westward. Should you be so successful as to find a passage to the west, ward, it will be advisable to make the beat of your way, without stopping to examine any part of the northern coast of America, to Behring*8 Strait ; and if you should fortunately accomplish your passage through that Strait, you are then to proceed to Kamtschatka (if you think you can do so without risk of being shut up by the ice on that coast), for the purpose of delivering to the Russian Governor, duplicates of all the Journals and other documents which the passage may have supplied, with a request that they may be forwarded over land to St. Petersburgh, to be conveyed firom thence to London. From Kamtschatka you will proceed to the Sandwich Islands, or Canton, or such other place as you may diink proper, to refit the ships and refresh the crews; and, if during your stay at such place, a safe opportunity should occur of sending papers to England, you should, send duplicates by such conveyance. And,^after having refitted and refreshed, you are to lose no time in returning to England, by such route as you may deem most convenient. If, at any period of your voyage, but particularly after you shall have doubled the north-eastern extremity of America, the season shall be so far advanced as to make it unsafe to navigate the ships, on account of the long nights having set in, and the sea not being free from ice ; and the health of your crews, the state of the ships, T^'^ -.•-:^^i $ni «tt ct mmmA ciwmBatMMt, fhotiU combiM to iedoM y«i t» forpi tb« molMtion of winitring in tlipM regions, fou ore to «w yoor btti fadAavoim todiicover m •hdtMod Mid'Milii hnboniv whom iIm ihipt mmf bo flM«4 in •ccorMf for tlw wiater} taUay ■yell OMMiirM for the health ami comfim of tha p a apl a coMimitiad to jroor chargtt aa the oMteriaU with which yoo are airppllad for houtipfin the^ ihipa^ or httttlii)g the omii on ehorot aMjr oMbla joha to do. And, if jrou shall find it expedient to reiorc lo.thianMa* tore, and you ihoald meet with any inhabitantft«itiMr EtqniaianK ier Indians; near the place where jrott wintar, you are to endeavour, by every meam in your power, to cultivate a friendahip with them^ by making them preaenta of luch articles as you may br anppUad with, and which may be useful or agreeable to them. You wiU^ however, take care not to suffer yourself to be surprised by theaav'> but use every precaution, and be coostandy on your guard agaiaat any hostility. You will endeavour to prevail on them, by such reward, and to be paid in such manner, as you may think best to answer the pur- poM, to carry to any of the settlements of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany, or of the North* West Company, an account of your situa* tion and proceedings ( with an urgent request that it may be for- warded to England with the utmost possible despatch. Ini|n undertaking of this description, much must, .£* per con>paf s* Hie pilot should not have brottja^t it/^ thi^ iiiaitward of kbinh^ f. . ' ' At noon on the foUbwmg (lav, while jwtting \i»iktvfi^^f received a visit frpm Captaiu Well#, of His Majesty'^ slopp, iSti^ ^ft9 who kindly ol^ered evfeiy assistance in his ^ower, and W ^ us our last supply of Efiglish beef, as we jpaiised his ship. A your^e breeze springing u^ on the mornihg qf die l6th, tli^'ik' per was taken in tow» and at two l*.M. on the tiSilUi, we.n^4e f-"^^ Island.-. \\' ' ' ^ ^^ ' .-■''■-..'.;,..,:'. ^ ', \'''/T;.r--''^ It fpll calm in th^ evenuig,and seyendi nit^^cckl (da<^ i^^ and coal-fish (Gad^^'(!!ach9nfiriu^yw^ the centre of '^« island bearing N.£. |ialf N. per iicMnpass« distant ei|;ht Of fitter miles, tills was the jUt supplyof ^^9^ jSih^^^^^^ Obtkihetf during the voyage. It w^s^l^^^^ to «i(e,l^it; Island distinctly atthi; disj^e A. tcn.miTes. . :^^ /^ ^ On the £Oth, we spcj^/fc paiiTs^^^^ Efclte, Mm^ Copenhagen, bound to 0;;||^o-tsl|pdr;/nie Gi^W^^;#^^ tow again in the evei^in^, a^dlwe'rqunafd^e north^hi polttt tif the Orkneys, at the distance of' twd ijiitieji and i hailf, havinj^ tkM tVri^ to thirty-six fathoms of water.. ;!..,. ''%* We made the island of Rona oh the 'St st, and Bark on the fdt- ^ ;U Oj au^n 11 hnr'mg morning. The pos^ion of these ialaods by our observ«> tions is : Latitudct Longitude, BARA. 59' 04' 24 " 6' 14' 34" RONA. 59' 05' 54" 5" 52' 04". As we ran along to the northward of them, at the distance of six or sevea miles, the soundings were from fifty to sevett^-five fathoms, the deepest being off Bara, on a bottom of gravel^xoarse sand, and broken sheDs. . It is recommended by the most experienced of the Greenland^ Masters, to cross the Atlantic to Davis' Strait, about the paraltlHr of 57V or 58*, and I shaped our course accordingly. A bottlt^ was thrown overboard^ containing a printed paper, stating the date and the situation of the ships, with a request, in six European lan- guageSf that any person finding it would forward it to the Secre- tary of the Admiralty, with a notice of the time and place where it was found.* One bottle at least was thrown out daily during the voya^, except when the ships were « beset" in the ice* The wmd being right aft on the morning of the 24th, the Griper* still in tow, took the wind out of our sailsi and forged a-h«ady obliging us to cast off the hawser. Soon after noon we made Bockall; its latitude, by our observations, was Sf ^8' 40", and its ■ longitude 13" 47' 42". The geographical position of this remarka- ble rock was determined by Captain Capet, in 1818, to be latitude 5r 39' 38", longitude 13* 31' 16", which is to be preferred to ours, owing to the distance at which we passed it. There is, perhaps* no more striking proof of the infinite value of chronometers at sea, than the certainty with which a ship may sail directly for a single rock like this* rising like a speck out of the ocean, and at the dis- tance of forty-seven leagues from any other land. At seven P.M., the Griper having again dropped five or six miles astern, we hove to for her to come up ; and» taking this opportunity to try the tem- perature of the water below the surface by Six's self-registering thermometer, we unexpectedly obtained soundings in one hundred and forty fathoms, on a bottom of very fine white sand, Rockall bearing S. 85' £., distant thirty miles and three quarters. The temperature of the water at the. bottom was 471", that of the surface being 49i% and of the air 50°. The Griper was again taken in tow, widi a breeze from the eastward, which increased to a fresh g;ale the following morning, when tly; hawser, by which we towed the Griper, gave way ; we hove to for her in the evening, being in lat. 57* 04' 10", long. 17* 52' 50", when some water was brought up from one hundred fathoms* depth in the bottle contrived by Doctor Marcet; its specific gravity was 1.0268, at the temperature of 58% * The porpoie intended to be answered by this kind of communication, will be best un- dwttood, by referring to mj Instrwtiens from ^e Lords Commtssionen of the Admiralty. ^i^_/M»**-^**^Lte ..-.^i 13 that of the lurface wtter being the same. The temperature of the water at the tame depth was 49% that of the surface being 50*, and of the air 50i*. On the t7th, we cast off the Griper, and hauled a little to the northward, in order to pass near the spot where Lieutenant Pick- ersgill obtained soundings, from three hundred and twenty to three hundred and thirty fsthoms, on the 99th of June, 1776; and at six P.M.t^^being in lat. 56*59' 39", and long, by chronometers, 24* 33' 40"y the deep>sea clamms were sent down with one thousand and twenty fathoms of line, without finding bottom. The tern- *j!|(|arature of the sea at that depth was 45i', that of the surface being |li*, and of the air 49*. It fell calm towards noon on the 28th» the ship being in lat. ^r S6' 16", long. 85* 11' 51". The current was tried in a boat moored by an iron kettle, in the usual way, but not the smallest •tream was perceptible. Six*s thermometer was sent down to one hui^dred and twenty fathoms, but did not indicate the temperature, owing to the mercury rising past the index, instead of pushing it up before it ; a failure I have often had occasion to regret in this useful instrument,, when thus exposed to a very sudden change of temperature'. It might, perhaps, be improved for this particular purpose, by making the lower end of each index a little larger, so as to prevent the passage of the mercury between it and the tuber Some water, from one hundred and thirty fathoms depth, was* at the temperature of 48* on coming to the surface, that of the surface being 49*, and of the air 49*. Its specific gravity was 1.0366 at the temperature of 61 ', l>eing the same as that of the surface-water. The wind veered to the westward on the 30th, and increased to a fresh gale, with an irregular sea, and heavy rain, which brought us under our close-reefed topsails. At half-past one, P.M., we began to cross the space in which the *^ Sunken Land of Bus*' is laid down in Steel's chart from England to Greenland ; and, in the course of this and the following day, we tried for soundings several times without success. This being the anniversary of His Majesty's birth-day, and the weather being calm and fine, I directed an additional allowance of grog to be served out, or, in seamen's phrase, ^* the main brace to be spliced." In the evening, being then in lat. 55' 01', and long. 35* 56', we tried for soundings with two hundred and fifty fathoms of line, without finding bottom. The temperature of the sea at that depth was 44i°, surface 44i*, air 43*. On the 7th and 8th, we had hard gales from the westward, with a heavy sea. Indeed, from the 1st to the 14th of June, we ttdpe- rienced a continued series of unfavourable winds and unpleasant weather, so that very liitle progress could be made to the west- ward* On the 13th, being in lat. 57" 51', and long. 41* 05', the temped IS rature of tite sm, at two hundred and thirty-five fitthomt' depdi, was found to be 39*, surface 4oi|% air 41 1*. A very «li|;ht cutrenl was found to set to the southward. We saw, to-day, large flocks of sheerwaters ^Proceilatia yhij/inua)^ called by the sailora, ** cape hens,'* from an idea that they are only to be found near Cape Fare- well. I do not remember to have met with these birds in any odier part of Davis' Strait, or in Baffin's Bay. On the 15th» a breeze.sprung up from the eastward, and tt noon we very unexpectedly saw land at a great distance, bearing due north. This could be no other than the land about Cape Farewell^, of which the longitude, by our chronometersi being the same H that of the ship, was 43* 56' 41", agreeing nearly with that given in the tables of Maskelyne, Mendoza Rios, and Robertson* and in the Connaistance des Tern*, being from 2* to 3* to the eastward of the position assigned to it in most of the charts. This accounts for a remark, which is common among the whalers, that they al- ways make this headland, in coming from the eastward, sooner than they expect ; a circumstance which they naturally attribute to the effect of a westerly current. If the latitude of Cape Farewell be so far to the northward as 59*37' 30", which is the mean of nine different authorities, our distance from it this day must have been more than forty leagues. It is by no means impossible that the bold land of Greenland may be distinguished at sd great ii distance ; and it is proper to remark, that the weather, at the time we saw it, was precisely that which is said to be most favourable for seeing objects at a great distance, namely, just before or after rain, when the humidi^ of the atmosphere increases its transpa- rency*. The wind agun backed to the westward on the l6th, and we stretched to the northward towards the land. On the evening of the iTth, being in lat. 58* 52'^ and long. 48* 12', the colour of the water was observed to be of a lighter green than that of the ocean in general; but we could find no soundings with two hundred and ninety fathoms of lii^e. The temperature of the sea at that depth was 38|*, of the surface, 38|*, and of the air, 38|*. Early in the morning of the 18th, in standing to the northward, we fell in with the first ** stream" of ice we had seen, and soon after saw several ice-bergs. At daylight the water had changed its colour to a dirty brownish tinge. We had occasion to remark the same in entering Davis' Strait in 1818, when no difference in its temperature was perceptible. The temperature of the water this morning was 36|% being 3* colder than on the preceding night ; a decrease that was probably occasioned by our approach to the icAi We ran through a narrow part of the stream, and found the ice beyond it to be «* packed" and heavy. The birds were more numerous than usual ; and, besides the fulmar petrels, * Humboldt. PenoMi Namtive, I. pp. 81. 101, lOS. .,<'? !?:<. M.' I, I jbdAUwaipi, Mid kittiwakn, we uiw, for th< fint time* lOfM xot(e» (Aka AlUyt dovekies, or Uack guiU«nioU CCohfmbu$ Gryiie), md terns (Sttma Hirundo), the latter known best to seamen by th« name of the Greenland swallow. Soon after noon^ being in laL 50* 40', lon|. 47* 46', and the water being of the same colour as in the mommg, we tried for soundings, but could find no bottom with two hundred and sixty fathoms. The temperature of the sea at that depth was 39% that of the surface being men 37% and of the air SS*. The specific gravity of the surface waver which at no(W was 1X)S63, at the temperature of 56% had decreased to 1jM57, in that of sr. On the I9th, at noon, we were in latitude^ by ol^ aervation on the ice, 59' 48' S6"*, and in longitudes by Uie chr^ nometers, 48* 01' 50'% when a current was found to set S. 5(/ W. lit tbe rate of six miles per day. A breeze springing up from thf eastward, we bore away to the W.N.W., through rather close *(8Mliag ice." The fog which had prevailed during the 6$y cleared away in, the ^ evening, and discovered to us the coast m GreenUind, bearing from N. 3* W. to N. 62* £.» at the distance of twelve or thirteen leagues. On the following morning a very rp- markable hill, being the highest bnd in sight, was found, by abase measured by Massey's patent log, to be in lat. 60* 53' 89"^ and long. 48* 42' 22". This position answers nearly to an island called ^oua in Arrowsmith's chart, a little to the eastward of Cape 0t a-head, to tow fhe shf^throngh tli(fieeii6 fhi6 Westward.- It ireiindned tolerably^ b^ tilt four KM., When ;ii breeze, freshening up fr^inbtidie^ eastwards taiised the ile- throngh Which w6 had ktdy been tofwi^'to dole fdiifthe^kci i^ildly, that % had sctilr^ifly time to hoist u^' die Mtti befti^^ slitipa w«lt Immoveable •tftes^ti^ The dear se¥ w^ii«%«'4ad'leflwas'lboiit ib^r miles to th6 eastward of us^^ While tp^ihe WeitWird iiothii% fm one ektenslve field of ice eonldiM seen. It It iniposSvble f6 cbiiceiVey Moi^^ helpleiss situation ' than ilrat of a shipr tii^b^s^t, %beft att the p6w^ that can \it aipplied will^ not alffer thi^diretitleB Il'hi!rhtida«ihigfe degree of the 'eom|ttnsv Ott diie^ 26dty we iwe M lat^by bbser¥atiott, 68' 59^ i^'^ tuW fenk 6l*da' 58^\ bivibg'i^e iKindr^ fltod tWentjr^fiv^ fa^UMJtir on a^fine siitdir bot- ibDl.: Thi^'en'i ^' '''^' ' ,■•■:; ..s« ; .':■; ,, , ^^,^e wind ilieiitaiied to a swotig gid^ ftom thfr Mo^hwaid^ #hich condlnued't|k l^hoie of the following day ; When wb foUMd by ob^ifirvatiQirdiai^ tmUM^ hiid drifted' I&. sr m^ ihirteeif a^^ iud i^ iiiiai^ct, tht sibitititetigs having dte« (Vria^BrunniehHy) and a few glaucous gullSf {Larfu QlamHi*,) On the morning of, the 3d the wind blew strong friptm the east- Wjl?d* with Ji abort breaking sea and thick rainy weather, which ia'acle -our situation for some Hours rather an unpleasai^t one, the Icebdog clojie under our lee. Fortutiately, however^ we wea- Aered it by stretching back a few miles to the southward; In thd iftemoon the wind moderated, and we tacked again to tl»6 north* Ijn^id^ crosNng the Arctic circle at four P.M.f in the longiujfde of STUf W. We passed at least fifty icebergs in the course of the (|nrv many of them of large dimensions. At a quarter past five #.j|f ., we sounded i» oUe hundred and fifteen fathoms; the vftitit '•I'the surface of the sea had the same brownish tinge which haa ilready bee^ noticed, but no difference in its temperature or specifi<; gral'ity could be detected. Towards midnight, the wind navin| imUitcd to'thie soutft^West, and moderated* another extensive, chi^^ of Vliy largjc icebergs appeared to the nordiward : as we approach); them the wind died awayi and the ships* heads were kept to t| |i^^i4hiirard only by the steerage Way given' to them by a Heal^ aoi^Ukikrl^ aweUf #hichi dashing the loose ice with tremendoixl i|||f agiirnvt^t^ bergs, sometimes raised a white spray over the j^t«t|> to the hei|^t of more than oiie hundried feet, ana being ac- cpiil^t^*^^ /*<^^^ *' ^o^ noise, exactly resembling the roar of dis- tftiajt^thundefi in*esented at scene at once sublime; and terrific. We f»uld findno bottdm near these' tcebe^gs with one hundred and ||b|'.: ^thorns of li^e. '^'v ' *' ■'■■' " ^' ' A A.M* OQi the 4th, we can^e to a (|u»nitity of loose ic^ m|h lay straggling aniong the bergs ; and as there was a light preele from the eouth ward, an4 I was anxious to avmd, if pos^* hle^the necessity of going to the eastward, I pushed the Hecla into l^e ice, in the hope of being able to make our way through ^e. iWe had scaitrely done so, however, before it fell calm| whetf Jthe 1^ hecame perfectly unmanatteable, and was for some timo at Ihef' mercy of the sWeiU which drifted us fast towards the bern. 4l^ the boata were immediately 'sent a*h^ to tow; aiid 3ke \ .i:3;,i-2,,it >*■.«£* h ..if > <:) m Ml II m' |i liripcr'* iigDM wn miile, not ^wUl^ the ice. Al^r tiro hiontk^ hutl pulUngf w« Buccerded In getting .the HecUi back agttlli into clear waterf and to a sufficient diailnce from the icebergs, #hi)dl it is very dangerous to approach inhen there is any swell. At noon we were in lat. 66* 50' AT'p lon|. 56' 47' 56", being near the middle of the narrowest part of Davis* Strait, which is het% ttit more than fifty leagues acrois. Davis, on returning fh>ni'hh» third voyage, seu it down at forty kaguesj* ^d in anoih^t MMcH' remarks : ** In the latitude of siztie-seucn dejmies, I n^igRt'lli# Anerica. west, from me, and Desolation, (Greenland,) eiat.*^ The truth of this last remar^^ had been much doubted, till ttiib observations made on our expedition of 1818, by d^tcMttlning th(6 geogra^ical position of the two cblsta thus seeh bv Davil, IwVM to confirm the accuracy of that celebrated and able hAVl^i^h On the 5th, it was necessary to pass through sO^e heavy »>^SJaHl of ice, in order to aVoid the loss of time by gomg rbtfnd ,tb th^ eastward' On this, as on many other occasions, tilie a'dvatt ' ' di^d tons less burthen must have been immdveably tteset. Ttii Griper wa9 on this, and many other occasions, only fc^blltill ti> follow the Hecla by taking advantage dif the openings miiai^ce of tce^ui' b<6|t,Ml^ ceeded in killing one of th6m. These f^ii Rials usuWliieMdc^ water fn great confusion. , it mw^ w vo^th rcjRiJ|rwng, is a how tenacious the walrus aoioiiptimes is of W^r ^i^ <^o "^^^ killed to-day struggled violently for ten mtriiiteJ} altdr it i#iu stNl^ and towed the boat twent '^'- ^ ^^^ ^^i^ -J^ -.i-^i^^ of the haipoon Woke ; an< _ the iron barb had penetrated quantity of the blubber i#as put into cas!|:s, as a wintef^s sii 'cSTthe 7th, in standing to l|eho^^ wfe cfii$'^tf ¥l^i^ off ce, three quartejrs of a mile wide, wmch c^sfaructed our P^H^Wf in that direction. I'he wind died a wi^ as soon as We hiid en^i^a ,-,^-* t TM^orlde^tHtfdrogri^caaJDitcr^^ion, 1595. ■/..- --.»»»«»^ 19 t^ ttTMim, i^mI it required six hourt* rowing in the boats to tow die ihips into clear water beyond it. It it curious tq obtervi>, in pafting under the lee of ice* however tmall its extent or height above the tea, an immediate datocate in the ttrength of the windT. Iliii effect cannot be attributed to any desrer of shelter afforded 1^7 the ice, at, in tbe caaet to which I allude, it it, perhapt, not more than a tingle foot above the turface of the tea. At nooof l^ioff in lat, by obtervation, 68* 24' 53", and in long, sr 0()' 43'V we fibtained toundingt'in a hundred and teven^-five fathoms, on ft l>(»boiii of greenish coloured mud, into which the lead sunk a^veral inches. Atjtwo P.M. a thermometer in the tun rose to 70*, the temperature of the ihade being 44*, aftd the weather per- fectly calm and cloudlett. The card coiymonly uted in Walker'e A2itnuth Compatt had traverted to tluggisKly for some, daya past, tha^it was ndw found necestary to tubstitute a lighteV one, Aupplicd by the maker for this purpose. The looms and tern were ^omero^t hear the* ice. On the 8th, at noon, we observed, in lat. 68* 80' 01", and long. 87*2%' 57", being 6' 5i" to the southward, and 9' 53" to the eastward of the dead reckoning. We sounded in a hundred and aeventy-eight fathoms' water, the bottom being of the tame natui'kf as op the preceding day. On the 9tb, having reached the latitude of 68* 45' 53", long. 57* 49' 51", the ship was found to have made lesf northing by eleven miles and three ouai'ters than the log gave. The souml> ings wtre a hundred and fifty-two fathoms, the lead being covered with soft green mud, mixed with sand and gravel. , l«arge flocks of tern and looms were ieen about the ice. A northerly wind prevented our making much progress, for the ice Wx> still so compact in every part, as to render it impossible to l(ti^ to the westward ; ahd nothing, therefore, remained to be bnt to make the best way we could, by beating to the north- long the edge of the pack. if 10th a thick fog came on, which made great caution ry in sgiiling, there being a great many icebergs near us. There is^ however, even in the thickest fog, a strong reflection of U||[htfrom these immense iHidiea, of ice, which, with to attentive ^Bok-out, is generally visible at a sufficient distance to enable the lofvigator, if in smooth water, to avoid coming in contact with ibena^. At noon, the wind being still agunst us, we had only reached the lat. of 69* 04' 28", being 9^ 49" to the soMrtkfward of the dead i^reckoning. The long, by the chronometers, was 58' K/ 30", being ^^*'47" to the eastward of the account in two days. We obtained ^^fJBtmdipgs in a hundred and sixty-seven fathpms,. on a botto<|M of l^reeB mud, with a little sand and gravel. At night the fog froze IP it fell u^n the riggini^^ making^ it difficult to work the ship among the ice. '4f t'^-fi mw^:mKm ao ''A m ,i^ A Itrgo bear (Unu* MarHimm) being leen on ft pie^ of ice* near which we were passing on the morning of the 11th, a boat was despatched. In pursuit, and our peil0Und«d, some dexterity is requisite to iecure tHem, by first throwing a i^pe over the neck» at which many of the Greenladd seamen are remarkably expert. It is customary for the boats of the whalers to have Wo or three lines coiled ^^ them, whicbi not only gives them great stabili^, but, with good management, mikes itdimcultforU bear, wKen swimming, to put His paw upon the gunwak, which thfy :g«;iBeraUy endeavour to' do j whereas, with ottr boats, which are mbre light and crank, and therefore very easily heeled over, I havl more tjhian once seen a bear on the point of takinir possession of them. Great caution should, therefore, be used under svk£h circumstances in attacking these ferocious creatures. We have always found a boardii|grpike the most use- ful weanon for this purpose. The lance psed by the whalers will not eaaily penetrate the skin, and a musket-ball, except when very clofcu'ii scarcely more efficacious. We sounded at noon in two hundred and tw a fathoms, being in lat. by account, 69* 24' 40*^, long. 58° 16 42", without making any aJlowaneefor the current, which, for the three preceding days^ appeared to have been setting the ships to the S.S.E. at the rate; of from eijffht to thirteen iniles per day. , llPiHe atteraooi), pii tH^vcl^ripg up of the fogi, we f^iih^ our- «#Wcfs s^ s^rroandeil by ke, in every direction, that it becatnef l^cessary to stretch to the esjitKirard, to ai^oid the risk of !NN|| •ga^n beset, a circumstance which ihight have occfaiioned aseriou#^ - loss of time. A gtreat' number of seals were seen as we sailed throughf the ice, "biit very seldbm two together. the Weather was again to thick on. the isth, that w^ could «$! dpin see above three oir four himdred yards. The sun b^f^ visible, however; Captain Sabipe and myself left the ship, aajSM cendtid an iceberg, in order to obtain th^ meridian altitude, whll( l^ve us thtf laK. of 69* 4S' 4S", and which was 8' 80'' to the south^ w«rd of the dead reckoning, our longitude, by account, being 5^* 46' 13". StreaiiBS of di^ purest ivater were flowing from thi|j b^g, a luxury not so often enjoyed by seameii in any oth^r na^' gatioii, and which is, perhaps, of essential importance in the pre* servation of health, where sctiryy is thie disease most to be,a{i|p(re!» hlTn^'e^* The fog f^oze so hard upon the sails and rigging durin||^ ^ nlgblf that t believe some tons were shaken ofl'in>the,mor(ain|', lo eluSift.Qf to handle the ropes, and to work tile ship with greaf||r facility. Icefields of ice and the Icebergs must becaslonaUy, dtiri«|^ ^^Sunmier, receive a considerabl•. \ rff: ■\ 3lt dimenaions, at no great disunce from us, besides a number of smaller ones. We were^ «t tlodn, in lat. ty account, 70* 06' 32", • and in long. 57* 33' 56" having .| hundred and forty-^eveu fi^thoms water, on a muddy bottom. i '^ The weather continued so foggy on th^>|4th, that very little progress could be made. We caught some fine specimens of the Ciio Borealii, called by the sai^rs whales' food, and also of Btroes^ • which were very nuiierous near the surface of th^ water. of the 15th, the fog being still as thick as before, our latitude, observed on an iceberg, was 70*^8' 53"; while that observed on board by Lieu^ Beechey, with Capm |he Ship. The longitude was j59» 11' 58", and the variation oi^ the needle, as observed upon the icir, had increased to 79*48' westerly. Mr. Fisher made an experi- ment on the specific gravity of berg-ice. Having formed a piece of th?s ice into a cube,*, whose sides measured sixty-eight lines, he floated it in a tub of sia-water, of the specific gravity 1.0256, arid at the temperature of '33*, when nine lines remained above the sur- foce of the water, being nearly one-eighth. ?v Od the 16th, in running along the edge of the ice with a frelh breete from the south-west, we passed the Brunswick, whaler, of Hull, beating to the southward. She crossed within hail of the Griper, ai^d the master inform^sd Lieutenant Liddon that he had, on the 1 1th, left a large fleet of fishing-ships about the latitude of r4% unable to proceed farther to the northward. We had been stoppect an a similar mafiner, and ip the same place, on the voyage of 1818, ^hich rende^ it not improbable, that, at this period of the year, libe same obstruction will generally be found to occur about that liris made. For tlfe first fortnight in June, it is seldom prac- llcable to get mui^ beyond the island of Disko, or about the lati- tude of 69* td:Jt)'vr Towards the 20th of that rnoiith, the ships usually reach the great inlet, called North-Cast Bay ; and, by the end of June, the ice allows them, thougfh not without g^eat exer- tion^ to penetrate to the Three Islands of Baffin, which lie just be- fond^'the seveuty-fourth degree of latitude. Froin that time till about the end of August, the ice presents, almost daily, less and "Ssl Obstruction ; so that, if the object be simply tb sail as far riortli W'^llble into Baffin's Bay, without regard to the capture of ^fiiile*, there is every reason to believe that a ship; entering Davis* _|trait on the 1st of July, may sail into the latitude of 74«» or 75% 'without meeting with any detention on account of the ice, and, 0ferhaps,^withoS even seeing the land till she arrive in a high Hi^tttae. ' ■'■':'■'"■ . , -■-.,>-••■ ■'' ■ i^ ■m [ V>£r * I "i L i m l^il^t^fp^ ll^Wia IQCre bfi9f 40(9)1 fppe«raiice of a «< water-sky" |l^ tlic |iWftlll?WMt, I ir^ indw^ to r^il tde thips ii^to the ice, lltoQi^ the weather w^s too thml to «)|o^ ^ to 4ee more th^^. a "■ or two \n t^i4ir«ctioil< We wercf ft nooii, in latitude ' »|"f l9li|it!i# |9' 46' 19", th# d|h of w#ter being o^e p4 911^4 piPie^ ffthoBis, on a piu^ely bottop. Toe wv^ Hl^ifi Ojr^ef foiPWIli aP Wf cwl4 lo th,e^eftw4» w« foijnd It^i^vi^ 10 &mfy IWBjnpil W "by, thp kt on ^ygry v4e, thaj^ the?? %iisiio ^^r roow* lo Wor> tl^ jnipih wd w« thffefor* m4^ *«# ll^ l« « io the fja^ of fb« yjc^ipi tmoir^iriitef ^as ^j^cMy^y naaick u»^ of OO boif^ t^ sl^pptlfir^^yery purpose, mlog the su^^mer mirths, It is #euni4 III nJbfiit^aQjp^ ip pools upon the (ots %ncl iceberg, find 19.1^. irinter wow vflw dis^oivsd ip ^e cq>perip>r oitr d^y t^r^^p^ tioD. The log cleared in the ev^i|inj|^ w^iim nr^ perceived tJMtJio further progress could W mi^le ^r^^ffb tfi#ice»i»t9 whl<^l» we W fiil^ to the iRestirar4 about tvcly* mili^s^ W^ if ere,, thf »?%'«» ,011^ more uajcler the necessity of returoioff ^ the e^tWu'd jf^ i| ct|^^l«e of wa]^ MU)»14 )^Sfltho#|ii|pi|p p^ek presi^pt 8ititt^tiili> jPve^ioosl^, hotfrey^t tQ ow retiiiii, we m«de some Obieryf fi<^ ^ the ijce, fqr the y§nat|6p ^d <|*p of th« mmeti^ |ief||lf , t^ ^mm of wWch wiP fouwi to |if 80* 4?f #' W-^mi the ha^r ljrM'9'^1^, 4 tWck fog Mitijie^O^ j^ nsftf Doop on the 18th, vmii we JM to i'pof^h^iim^' i^^m of Ice, Mm e««ctiy aciroi^ oinr coun^, 9p4 4t^ right #|iP ^ tlif m»iii body 01 the ice. As. ^is m^m 9mf4pA to.the §0^ linur^f^^fs we coi^dseo^mrthe ♦«qpop'«riitsl,*'>p«nfte -Vis m«de ^ push thd ships with all sniMhroo^ the vi^kfrn '^ptrt,^ The facility ^ith which this .opsritioot Uchwcally |f " ^ boiii^^' is Mrforii|e4r4ep«n4> chie% on h9^v|i^ a frea^ ^, |fio4«p^.whtch we were not fayoqtiriea on this |Oc«b^ioB| «o ) Irhen we had forced the ships nhoiit oAe hundi'ed y^f i^ ice;, their wf^;^ yras compl^tiely s^ppeil. The stream cQi^lst j}ichsm# pieces of ice> 0at when 911, ft^pt yras m»4<0 # ., ,, ^ fhips &^eiid h^ f^ltepiog Ui|^ ^ some of thit heaviest V^^^ near them, the ice itself came home, jiirithool the sh|ps being i^^l^ iSorpard, £vei^ efprt to extricate them from this helpless si^|? ||on>rdycd fruitless for more th^ turo houiis, wW n Af jftpcla i)p fit length backed oi^t, md succeeded in puling wroijigh ^#v part of n^ ttream, in which a small opening uppenreil joil |^ ||||t momeMt. All our boats wf re immediaitely des{i|St<^he4 to thft 9ia>l||^ limceof the Griper, yrhich still remsdned beset, ai^' which po ep$t €0H}4 move in any direction. We at lengdi resomd^to th^e ^10- M ^tA ^ 8«tidHiff ft Wiialli^itfi to h^ fBUli th« itHftt, fiSid UMi mm iOff all sail upob the latter ship, %« iticfcetdeia Hi ttiM4l%lii^ m^ hm ;o wi!idr«tt*1hfe #a* etiiB»ttt iJiwecd ih fcfealr Wfclfetw The crt^siiiK 6f this iWNdi'br icieV#iiliifelf the hUt^m 8ttlr«9y «** c^eMa tto«e fcttOtftua^yitt^s, oiectiM^^to«t bife wau** ^^ fiilk flfelW^hit fii TipfT W^ Kf ' BMiddy l^ottca^, hiving deepened from one huiidrttd aM six, ia ••Uing eight miles to' the westward. Havio^ DQW *'each^d the laiit«^ of 73% withofit seeing a single openini; in the ice, and Ving fftrilling ta increase ourdisunce ^RwJSii^JamesLancasteiV^nnd, by proceeding much farther to the n^tkward,i determined pnce more'to enter the ice in thia plajSf, and to try th% eiperiment of forcing our 4ray through it, in order to gel into the open sea. whit h the exp^^nce of the^rmer voyage l#^me to believe we shonkl find a|po^he western ceist of Qailia^f liay. This determina^oiir was strengthened, by lehe tecol» lection of the serious obstructionb we had met with the preceding year^j^thetieigbbouchood of Prince Regent's Bayv where grea^ dete|itidn» as weft as danger* had been experienced, th^n on any ^her part ofvthat c9«st. Being now, dieH»fore, ^vourt^d w^ dear weather, and a m)oderate breeze from the south-castwar^ we nm into the ice^ which j forflhe first two miles, consisted of de- tached pieces, but alPterwards of flOes of considerable e:^tent| and sMcor sevaip feet in thickness. The wind di«4 away towards mid- night, and the weadier was serene and clear. * The altitiule of thn aunon themfridian below the pole, gave the latitude 72^ 59M 3% being li^ 57" to the southward of that deduced from the^btecvn. tiona gf ^the preceding and foUowihg noons, w|iich error nii^ir^peih* hl^ he attributed to the ^vattonof the horizon by terrestrial i^^action. The teinperatare of the air at^tbisf^ttme was^O^i ^ the water, 34% and the barometer stpod at S9.5f. inches, A large bear, was seen on one of the floes, and we passed the tracks of niamr. others.. . • . 0A the SSd, l^e wind was . light ^tmi the. eastwaxd, and we made very litde progress. We had oceaaionaUy to heave the ships thtOttgh with .hawsers, between the heavy masses of i«e, which be- <^me more and more close .a(s we fdvanced, till, at lengih, towai^ w^«»«ning, we were fairly beset,^ there being no open wai^ In «ght from- the maiit-head m .any quarter of .^e eompass. Soiii^ lunda were kppt con8tai|tl}?Miployed in heavingthe altips throi^ the ice, takmg advantage .i^^every Mcasiottal openmf which pm- sented itself, by which means we advanced n^w hnndred< yardi to the westward 4urii|g.ihe night. .» At Ms, A.M.i on the ftdd, a dii
rdportion to its depth underwater. Another ad- vantage in securing a ship to an iceberg is, that these bodies usually keep a small space of dear water under their lee, in consequence •f the qnicher drift of the floes and loose ice to leeward. It not milrequeatiy happens that a ship ii thus dragged into blear water, aa tiie sailors express it, that is, that the whole of the floe<»ice ia aunried to leeward past the berg to which the ship is attached, laaviog her zn length in an open sea. The ice appearing fo open a litde in the W.N. W., on the mom- kig of tiie 84th, preparations were made for warping the ships in tiiat direction, the wind being still to the westward of nortii, bat llle fog came on tgain so thick, that it was necessary still to remain aCtlMhevg. At noon, by our observations, we were in lat. 79° W 5&\ long. 60* Of' 54", making a drift of four miles and two- Hiirds in twenty^ioiur hours, in a S. 1^ E. direction. The sound- ings had deepened to two hundred and sixty<«five fathoms, the bot- tom being light>green mud. The afternoon was occupied in ob- tuning azimuths on board the Hecla, with her head on different l^mtaof tiie compass, in order to ascertain the amount of tiie irre- laritiea of'the mastic needle produced by local attraction. Tl» weather berag clemr on uie morning of the 25th, and a few inanrow lanes off water appearing to the westward, the Griper waa fluula fttt astern of the Hecla; and her crew being sent to assist in manning our capstan, we proceeded to warp the ships through tiie jte. This method, which is often adopted by our whalers, has the obvious advantage of applying the whole united 'force in separating 'ihe maiscs of Ice which lie in the way of the firift ship, albwini; ^ second, or even third, to follow close astern, with very littio •c^ttiiction. In ^is manner we had advanced about four miles to the westward, by eight P.M., after eleven hours of very labo-^ rimis exertion; and having then come to the end of the Clearwater, indtiie weather being again foggy, the ships were secured in « 4eep "bight,'' «r bay in a floe, called by the sailors •« a natural 4ock.^' An extra atk>wance of meat and spirits was served to tiib ships' companies, and all hands were permitted to go to rest tOl 1^ state of the weather and of the ice should become more favour* aUe. ^i £ar]y on the morning of the 26th, there was clear water as fok* D .'■Aif Hi. &- M as we could lee to the westward, which, on account of the .ibg« did not exceed the distance of three hundred yards. We madie sail> hovrever, and haviijig groped, our way for about half a mile, found the ice once more close in eyery direction, except that in which we had been sailing* obliging us to make the ships fast to a floe. I sent a boat away to endeavour to find a ^ne oC clear water leading to the westward. Stic: returned on board in, an hojor, without success, having with difficulty foui^d her way to the ship» ]by our musquets and other signals. The latitude here, by ob- fcrvationi was 73* 02' 17", long^ by chronometers, 60' 11V58", hy which the drift of the ice in the last twenty-four hours appeiirs.to liave been I^. 1* £., five miles and three quarters,.or in a direction nearly opposite to that of. the wind. The sounding^ were two hiMBdrr4 and eight fathoms, on a muddy bottpm. At half-pf^t three, r*M., the weather cletired up, and a few narrow lanes Q>f water being seen to the we8tward,every exertion was immediat^y made to get into them. On beginning to, beave^ however, .W^ found that the *^ hole*' of water in which the H^cla lay, was now •o completely enclosed by ice, that no passage put of it conld be found. We tried eyery corner, but to no purpose; aU the power we could apply* being insufficient to ntove the;^ heavy ,ma«aes pi ice wl^ich had fixed themselves firmly between us and Uie lanst pf water^ithput In the mean time. Lieutenant Liddon had suc- jDeede4 in advwcing about three hundred yards, an4 had placed tht) Griper's bow; betnyec^n two heavy floes, which it was necessfiy .^ seiparate before, . any fnrther progress; cppld be- made. Both ahips continued to heave at their hawsctrs oecasion^ljly, as t|)f i^^ ia|iipeared to slacken a littl^, by which means .they were now. vi^ then drfiwn a-head a few inches. at a time, bv(t d;id not ad.viince ppre than half a dozen yards in the course of the night. Ily pur Bearing, several bergs to ttif northward, the , ice appe^ed to j^ drifting in that direction, the wind being niodf^rate from ikt aputhward. , Qn the 27th, about three A.M., hy a sudden motion of the ictc^f we sttccee4ed in getting, the Hecla out of her.confined^j|itaation,|uni|d Tjan her up astern of the Griper. The clear water had made so n(iu<;h .10 the westward, that a narrow neck of ice was all that was t^w 2nteri}p|ed between the ships and a large open space in that quarter. .Both shipsf companies were, therefore* ordered upon the ice to, i|aw pfl* the neck, ,i|hen ^he floes suddenly opened, sufficiently to jdlpw the Griper to push through under all saiL No time was lost li^the j|t|empt to get the Hecla through after her, but, by one of thofe accidentf to, which, this navigation is liable, and which r^n- jders it sp precarious and uncertain, a piece of loose ice which lay Jbetween the two ships, yras drawn after the Griper by the eddy produced by her motion, and completely blocked the nu-row pfHi- 4Vige through which we were about to follow. Before we could 27 ranove this obitnictioo by hauling it back out of the channel, the floes were again pressed together, wedging it firmly and immoveap bly betwixt thein ^ the saws were immediately set to work; and used with great eflect, but it was not till eleven o'clock that we succeeded, after seven hour's labour,, in getting the Hecla into the lanes of dear water which opened more and more to the westward. Our latitude* by account at noon, was 73* 05' 56", the longitude Being now favoured with a fresh breeze from the S.E.b.S;, we madeconsiderable prog^ss, though on a very crooked coast, to the northward and westward. In one respect the character of the iCe was here altered, as we found a great many floes of ** young" or ** bay" ice, which had probably been newly formed in the shel- tered situations afforded by the larger floes. To avoid the neces- sity of goingTound, 6r where no other channel presented itself, we ran through several of these bay-floes, which were from four to six inches thick, ploughing up ^e ice before the ship's stem, at the rate of five miles an hour. If they were not very broad, the Hecla did not lose her way in passing through them. Frequently, however* she was stopped* in the middle, which made it necessary to saw and break the ice a-head, till she made another start, and, hairing run a short distance in clear water, was again imbedded in> the same manner. We passed one field of ice, about ten feet in thickness, and many miles in length, aS we could not see over it ffam the mast-head. This was the only ** field,'^ acc(Htling to the definition applied to that' term by the whalers, that I had ever seeit in Daffin^s Bay. About eleven P.M. the lanes of open water a^head became^veiy contracted, and at half past eleven, in endeavouring to fdfce thiYragh a floe, under a heaiiy press of canvas, the Hecla was completely wedf^ed in, havifig rud he* own length into iti, ^ottgh its thickness was between a foot and eighteen inches. In l]^e Course of this dcy's sailing, the ships received many severe blows from the ice, but apparently suffered no damage. The con- citesions which the ehronometers experienced were, perhaps, such as few ijratchca of this kind had ever before been exposed to; but we did not snbsequently discover that any alteration had taken place in their rates, in cbnsequence of them. On the 28th the whad continued to blow strong from the soudi-* ebst with heaVy rain; and at half-^past three A.M., after several hoQl^' sawing, in which the men suffered much from wet and fft? tiguefwe succeeded in getting dear ; but after running a quarte? of a mile, were again beset in the same manned By ^e time the Griper had joined us* we had once more unavoidably hampered the Hecla among the ice, and did not succeed in extricating her litt four P.M., after which we found so much clear water as we preeeeded, that, with the exceptionof a few streams and » patches," irhieh we met with oa the following day, and through which the i«s'/JJ 28 B,«."' - » •kips raited without mvUM difBenltyt Wtt' hitA mmw passed evcijr impediment which obstructed our ptasMe to Sir Jmms LmcMleff'e Sound. The breadth of tUt barrier of ice, whiidi occupies tli» middle of Baffin's Bajr, and which had aerer before bees raossed in this latitude at the same season, waa eighqr mttea in a N. 6a* W. direction. I have been thus particufaur and ■Nmiler perhapa tediously so, in detailing our endea^oura to obtain a p a aragy through the ice to the western coast of Baffin's Bay, in airder m ahew now necessary it is to persevere and iMBt- 1» be by frequent faihtfea, nor deterred from enCeriag the ic* by dm aw*^ prehension of being beset. By taking advantage of every Ktwr opening diat is afflnrded, I believe thtt a stroi ig > b oilt verael of proper size and weight may* in moat seasOMi, b« pushed ihroogh this barrier which occupies the centre part of Bsffin'a Bty, SMOt this parallel of latitude. It must, at the same Ume» be cowcascdi^ that, had we not been favoured wiUi strong southMcaste^ iriada, it would probably have required jeveral di^ longer to efleet thi» passage. On the 39th, we had so much clear water, that theahipe had ■ very perceptible pitching motiooi which, from die doaineaa of Aa ice, does not very often occur in the Polar reg^na.'and which is*? therefore, hailed with pleasure, as an indicittioa of an open aiail- At noon we had reached, by the dead reckoning, die latitiide of rrsV ]r'> and long. 6r 47^^51", and we could And «o bottaoa with three hundred antd ten fathoma of Une. At five P*ifbetrttodOn of any kind. During the time we had been bcaei amowgtlie ke^tlia tempcratnte of the air, in the Ibade, had vavied frwai 98^ O'S^V except in very dear and calm weather, whev the diMrnmsaetmr^liadk occasionally risen to 42*. Tbetemperatute of the water bad beeif almost utiiformly fhtm 31° to 33*^ but soon after our leaving- the^ iee this evenings it increased to 37*, whick< tcmpeivtiire cootinuod for a run of aiany-^three nulea to the weitti^ard, and then lett to 3S^ and &3% ^1 ve had entered Sir James Lancaster's ^ond. ^ At four A.M. on the 30di, two or threlt kbeberga were iu si^t, being the first we had seen aiiKe leaving the icetathe eastward. It is probable that these, together with some streann of ice whieit, eccunred in die afternoon, pnoduced the dinMiuition > in the tmn^ peratare of the sea, towhicb I have alloded above, and whidi took place soon after noon on this day.' The Grip«: detailing wi .Consi^enibly, and the sea being now aufficiotdv open to allow u» to take her in tow, we hove-to at nine A.M. mr diat purpoie^v v We now seemed aU at once to have got mto-l^ head-qiiarteie of the whales. They were so numerous that I directed tks nttm- Ikv to be counted during each watch, and no less than eighty>-two 9» art mtationcd io thii dtjr't lof* Mr» AlUfOM* tht CwiUmH ter, conaidered them gcMiiitty M. large 0Mt» and raufflt«d» that % fleet of whalers niiglit eaaily haire obtaiiied » cacga kaiy i»>» fair dayi. It is, I beUiBve, a ecuMMB idaa aaMflg the Gwenlaii iiah>» ermcn, that the pretenea of ice ia neceaaaiy to eiuiuf»iha iadiog of whdies ; but we bad no ice in sight to-dajr, when thajr «er» moat ikumerout. At noon ira abiervedf in lat* f4* 01' f 7"» beiaig lft» first aMridiap altitude we had obtMoad for Ibor 4mf%^mA difleriag from the dead ctckooiBg only two? miktt whiob ia remarkabk, eonsidaring the sliiK>>lMiesa of the t6Bpasac««.Mdiroiild Men U> afibrd a presumptife proof that no aouifceiiy ctwrem^ «nsta \m thia part of Bafin*s Bay» The long* by chroaooMtera^ waa fSf OA' 14". In the afternoon the wind broke us off firom the N.N.W*, whicb oUlfed us to cast off the Sripcr» and we carried aU smI a4iead to aiako the land. Wa saw it at hidf-paet five P.M*» being the high land about Possession Bay« and at uie same time several streama of loose, but heavy ice came in eight, which a fresh breeste waa drift- ing fast to the sonth-eastwara. Sir Jasses Lancaster's Sound waa now open to the westward of ua, and the experience of our fiMnmer voyage had 9^Tcn ua reaaoo to believe tmit the two best months in me year lor the navigation of these seas were y«t to oome* Thia oonudmition, together with the magnificent view of ikit lofty ByiAn Martin mountmns* which forcibly recalled to our minda the events of^the preceding jrtoar, eoiddnat finl to animate us vtith expectttion and m^. If any proof were waating of the valoe of loedl knowladge in the navigation of the Pokr Seas« it would bo amply funisMd. by the. fiact oi Our having now reached tiio entrance of Sto JnuEOm liraeiatsr^'O Sound iust one month earlier titan we had dona in Itt^, enough we had then aailedabovea liMrtnight sooner, with the same general object in view, name^, to penetrate to die western coaat of A^in's Bay, where alone the j^lojltlMvest Passage waa to be aou^t for. This differanee is to l^tOttributed entiMly to the confidence wluch I felt, Irom tlM ex- iiaiiance gained on tim former voyage* that an <^n sea woidd be nMmd to die westward of the banrier of ice which occupies die middle of Bafttt's B^. Without that confidence it would have been litde better than madness to have attempted » passage through ao compact a body of ice, when no indication of a clear sea appear>r *8 signal made to dotdks same* As wei^proached thehmd, the wind drewdirecdy outof die sound, whidi is commoidy loui^ to be die «ase in ioleti of this nature, in which the wind genendly blows direcdy ^ or dotm. A flodk df vdiite doefcs, bdi^ vcd t6> be male eider-ducks, wOTf seen in the aftpfnoon,^ flying to the eaatward. ^''^SM^wiiid increaMd to a fnah breeze <» the morning of the iist^ 'which prevented our muking mvLcb way to the westward. "¥ i ' 5^A*jsw*'" ^ We flood m towrdt Cape B3rMii Mutiny and founded in eighty iMhomf on uncky bociom, at the diftance of two miles in an east direction Ihrni it. We foon after difcovered the flag-ttaff which had been erected on Pbffeefion Mount on the former expedition; an object which, though ina ignificant in ItaAff called up every per- aoo immediately on deck to look at and to greet it ae an old ac- quaintance. The Griper being cone idi;rably astern, I thought ic a good opportunity to go on fhore» in order to make fome obser* yations wnile ahe waa comins op. Captain Sabine and myielfj»' dierefofe^ left, the fhin, and landed in the fame spot, near thtf mouth of the iftream in Pofsefsion Bay, where obeervations had been made the preceding year. We found so much f urf on the beach as to make it necessary to haul the boat up, to prevent her beinv stove. A number of loose piecA of ice had been thrown up snovt the ortjlinary high-water mark ; some of these were so coyered by the sand which the sea had washed over them, that wo were at a loss to know what they were, till a quantity of it had been removed. From the situation and appearance of these masses, it occurred to some of us that similar masses, found under- grounds in those spots called KaUuttt^'in the islands near the coast of Sibef ria, might thus have been originally deposited. ^ 'Jlie land immediately at the back of Possession Bay, rises in a gentle slope from the sea, presenting an open and extensive space o^ low ground, flanked b^ hills to uie north *and south. In thia valley, and even on the hills, to the height of six or seven hundi'ed lieet above the sea, there was scarcely any snow* but the 3iountain# , at the back were completely covered with it. The bed of the atream wMch winds aking the valley ts in many placee several hundred yards wide, and in some parts from thirty to forty feel^ deepj but the quantity of water which it contained at this season wak exiremely email in proportion to the width between the banka, *bot exceeding forty feet on an average, and from one to three feet only in depth near die mouth of the stream. l*his feature is comlamition respecting the birch-bark was ^ perhstps^ <31 lurnithed by his finding* at the distance of • quarter of a milt: irom the BtSf a piece of whalebone two feet ten inches. in lengthy and two inches in breadth* havine a number of circular holes veiy neatly and regularly perforated Mong one of ita edges, and which had undoubtedly formed part of an Esquimaux sledge. Thia cir» Gumstance affording a proof of the Esquimaux having visited thIa part of the coast at no very distant period, it was concluded tibat the piece of ba4k above alluded to* had been brought hither by these people. From the appearance of the whalebone, it miriit have been lying there for four or five years. That none of uva Esquimaux tribe had visited this part of the coast since we landed tiiicre in 1818, was evident from the flag-staff then erected still re- maining untouched. Mr. Fisher found every part of the valley quite free from snow 'S high as he ascended it; and die following tact seems to render it probable that no great quantity eitlier m snow or sleet had fallen here since our bst visit. Mr. Fisher had not proceeded far, till, to his great surprise, he encounter no obatructidn to the navigaSon. m- .H- CHA1pT£R II. JMroaee tala Mr Jtemai XanMfter*t dtound ef Ji^yn.^4?htn tei mM rtm&ge to iht Wiutmmri^Ditetmiy and i tofla i m ff fnme Mtgen^i MeU-*Pr9gr«tt to tht HovMnmrd itopfMd -^ Moe-'Bekmi to the Ji/b rtk n Hu4 'i ' ^ Fm $ Bmnrw^t mrtiit tmdaiiwIhtPiikKr 8m, WE were now about to enter and to explore that |pwat aouoA or Inlet which hat obtained a daffree of celebrity beyond what It might ottierwite hate (seen c6ntiaered to pomeae, firom the very ieppE)^te opinfont which have been held witii ttp^ to it. To ut h wat pec\ffllarty inVeveailng, at being the point to which our in^ ritruttiont more partkuli^y directed our attention ; and» I mttf add,i»hat f beHeve we an felt, it wat that point of the voyage lUkteh #at to determine die aueeeta or follure of the expeditioU; itcording at one 6rdther 6f the oppoaite opioiona alluded to ahoida ba coh^bdTattd. If will readily be conceived^ ilre us^free from ice or land; and the Hecla pitched so much from the westerly swell ii^ the course of the -day,- as to throw the water once of twice into the stern windows, a- circumstance whieh,' together with other appearances. We were willing taattribistcf -to an «pefi sea in the desired dtvectton. More tfaanfortybkck wHflAlS» were s«n< during the day. We had alternately fresh breezes from thewestii^rd, aiid calms on ii^^ >*''** Between four and six P.M., we passed several ripUngs 1MI' the Water, as if occasioned by a weather tide, but no bottoin ceuM be found with the hand-leads. Being now abreast of Cape Castle- reftgh^ more dstant land was seen to open out to the westward of it, and between the cape and^is land was perceived an inlet, to which I have given ^e name of the Navy Board's Inlet. We saw .points of land apparently all round this iidet» but being at a ver^ gfeAt distance from it we were unable to determine whether it was dMBtinuoos or not. But as the land on the western side a|^eared so much lower and smoother than that on the opposite side near Cape Castlereagh, and came down so near the horizon, about the centre of the Inlet, the general impression was, that it is not con- tinuous in that part; Aa our business lay to the westward, how- ever^ and not to the south, the whole of this extensive inlet was, sin a few hours, kwt in' d^stiance. ■ ^u- / III the mean time the land had opened out, on the opposite shoiw, to the nofth ward and westward of Cape Warrender, consisting cif kigh mountains, and in some parts of table land. Several head- 'lands were here distinctly made out, of which the northemmott and most conspicuous, was named- after Captain Nicholaa Le^li^ ttere Pateshally of dhe^ Royal Navy. The extensive bay' into whkh Cape Fateshall extends, and which, at the distance we pasted it» appeared to be broken or detached in many parts, was named: Croliiir*8 Bay, in humour of Mr. Crokef^ Secretary of tlte i|;daaiiral^ ; I have called this large opening a bay,-th(Mighthe <|iHckDc«w'with;whicfltwe sailed past it did not alloir us to deters mine the absolute continuity of land round the bottom of It ; it is, thcrefore,'by oc^ means^mprobabley that a passage m<^> here be one day found ^mSic James Lancaster'a Sound into the uorthem Sea; The €»ape, which lies on the weaterp side of Croker's 9ay, was named after l^r £verard Home. .a V , Our course was nearly due west, and the wind stiU continuifig tO' freshen, took. US in a few hours nearly out of sight of the GK«p«r. The only ice which we met with consisted of n few large bergs very muKh washed by the sea$ and, the weather being remarkablf ckar^o as to eniahle us to run vith perfect safety, we were^ by midnight, in a great measure rcF.eved from our anxiety reapectiag like supposed -xotttinuity of land at the bottom of thist magnificent iide:^ having reached the loogittide of 83* 13'> where the two iheree * i ■. li '^r-ve>V Jftl-' 36 are ttill tbovf thirteen Ieag«e» apart, without thajslightestJl^petK-. anc« of any land to the westwani of us for four or five points of the compass. The colour of the water having become rath«r U^ht* er, we bove-to at this time for the Griper, and obtained soundingi in one iiundred and fifty fi^thoms on a muddy bottom. The wM increased so much as to make it necessary to cloae-reef the sailQ^t ami to get the top«gfiUant yards down, and there was a breaking sea from the.eattwarcjl. A great number of whales were seen in course of this day's run. On the 4thy haying made the ship snug, so as^to be in readiness, tp.round to. should the land be seen a-head,and the Griper having come up within a few miles of U8» we again bore up at one A.M* At half-past three. Lieutenant Beechey, who had relieved me on deck, discovered from the crowVnest^ a reef of rocks, tn-shoreof ui& to the northward, on which the sea was breaking. These brea^f kers appeared to lie directly off a cape, which we named after Re«^> Admiral Joseph BuUen» and i^bich lies immediately to the easte ward of an inlet, that I named Brooking Cuming Inlet. A9 the sea had now become high, and the water appeared discoloured at some distance without the breakers, the Hecla was immediately roundedtOi for the purpose of sounding ; we could find ho bot- tom with fifty fathoms of line, but the Griper coming up ahbr^y after, olmtained soundings in seventy-five fathoms, on a bpttom of aand and mud. We here met wiUi innumeriMe loose masses, of icef upon which the sea was constantly breaking, in a manner so^ auicil resembling Uie breakers on shoid8,as to makerit a matter of some iittle uncertainty at the time, whether those of: n^ich) I lUKve spoken above^ might not also have been caused byjce. . It is poesible, therefore, that shoal watef may not be found.to .exist jin this ^ce j but I thought it right to mark the spot on the chart, % warn future navigators when approaching this part of the coa^t^ That there is something out of the common way in this neighbouiv . hood, appears, however, more than probable, from the soundings 43btaincd by the Griper,; which are much less than ^t found them in any-other part of the Spund at the same distance from land. At seven A.M.^ there being less sea, and no appearance of bro;* ken or, discoloured water, we agtun bore away. to the westward|- the Grifer having joined us about the meridian of 85% whioh ,had been appointed as our place of rendezvoua. Since the precetBng evenang,^^ thick haze had been hanging over the horizon to the aouthward, which prevented our seeing the land in that 4irectton« to the westward of 87% while the whole of the northern shore, though, as it afterwards, proved, at a greater distance from us, was distinctly visible. At noon, being in latitude 74" IS' 5J^" N«, longitude, by chronometers, 86r30' 30'% we were near two ^nletn^ of which the eastf mmost was named Bunnet Inlet, and the other •jBtnu»n inlet. The land between these tWQ had very much thr i;:XiJu».*i*:i p:„„ Sf ■ i^peanmee of aa idittid.. We rounded to, for the poipose of sounding, as well as to wait for our consort, and found no bottom with one hundred and seventy fa^oms of line, the water being of « dirty light-^nreen colour. The cliflb on this part of the coast present a singular^ appearance, iMeing stratified horizontally, and having a number of regulw 'projecting masses of rOclr, broad at the bottom, and coming to a point at the top, resembling so many buttresses^, raised by art at equal intervals. After lying-to for an hour^ we agdn bore up to the westward, and soon after discovered a cape, afterwards named fay Captain Sabine, Cape Fellfoot, which appeared to form the*termination of this coast ; and as the haze, which stiU prevailed to the south, prevented our seeing any land in Uiat quarter, and the sea was lite- rally as free i^of ice as ai|r part of the Atiantic, we began to flatter ourselvet^ " e had fairly entered the Polar sea, and some of the most san u c among us had even calculated the bearing^ aikdi distance of Icy Cape, as a matter of no very difficult or im- probable accomplishment. Thispleasing prospect was rendered the more flattering by die sea having, as we thought, reguned the iisuild oceanic cdiOur,aad by a long swell which was rolling in from ^ liouthward and eas^md. At six P.M., however, land was reported to be seen a-head. ^ The vexatinanicreu8 near th* The eatterly wind died tmvf dn the morning; of die 5th, and >lNa svcceeded by U|^ and irarii^le .airs, with thick* snowy wea- ^r. Atnoop we were in lat. 74^ 19' 08", long, S9*' t8' 40", the loundings being one hnndroA. and thir^-fiTo lathoins, on a mudc^ bottom. . At hufifa«t ten we tried wMlier there were any current and if ao in what, dinction it oug^ be setting,: by mooring ar boat; to the bottom,, with the 8eai chduna; but none eould be de*> tect«d. An boitr before, die same elperimcat had been tried* oii board die Griper^ when- JLictttetiant Liddon found the corrent to be setting east at the rate of nine miles per day^ While the ^alm and thick w«ather ksted, a nuihber of the offioen and men. amused iheiiisclyes in the boats, in endeavouring to kill-some of the white whafes wy«h were swiramiag about thc/Diips in« great numbers { but the animal wdre m> wary, that they would scarcely soffiKr tha boats to approach them wUhtn thirty or forty yards without '*uther having become clemr about this time, we perceived that there was a large open space to the southwfldrd* where no land was visible; and for this openitw^ over wfiicb ther^B waf a dark water-sky, our course was now <&• rected. It fell cakn again, however, in a few hour^, so thiMS at noon, on the 6th, we were still abreast of Prince Leopold's; Islanda, .which were so surrounded by ice, that we could not approach them nearer than four or 6ve miles* The appearance of these isiandsr it not. less retbafkable than that of the northern shore of the strait, being also stratified horizontally, but having none of those Iwttress* l^e, pi:ojectioi» before described. IHie different strata form ao iMny shelves, as it were, on which the snow lodges; so thatimme* diatel^ after a fall of snow, thejslands appear to be itriped with 1 w irtHit and broim lOteliifltely. The iioithermniMrisl«id, ipImii Men from the E.N.E., appeiura like a level piece of CiU)le<4aiid, beini; . ^oitr perpendicular at each extreme. ^^ The Griper having unfortunately sprung bo^ her topflMMta, liieut. Liddon tcmk ad(irantage of the calnn weather to shift thein* The Hecla^s boats were at the same time employed in bringing oil board ice, to be used as water; a measure to wtihich it is occasioHi^ aUy necessary to resort in these re|^ons, when no pools or ponds aro to be found upon the floes* in 'this case, herg>ice, when At hand, is generally 'preferred; but that of floes, which is in 'fiict the ice of sea-water, is also abundantly used for this purpose: the only precaution which it is necessary to observe, being that of aHowin^ the salt water to drain ofi^ before it is dissolved for use. One (X our boats was upset by the f^sdl of a mass ^f ice which the mep) tvere breaking; but fortunately no injury was sustained. ' A 'breeze sprung up from the N.N^W. 1n the evening, and the Sriper being ready to midce saiU we stood to the southward. The land, which now became visible to the south-east, dtscovered to lie', that we were entering a large infoti net less than ten leagues wide at its mouth, and in the centre^ of which no land eo^ld be distinguished. The wilstenl ihore of the inlet^ which extended as'ifaras we could see to thetS.S.W., was so eBotimber^d w'«i|i ice^ that there was tio possibili^ of saitin'^ near ft% I, ther^fore^ mn aldiHgthe edge of the ice, between which and tile faaitem shore, ^ere was a broad audi open channiel, with the intention of seekini^ lit » lower latitude, a clearer passage to the westward than that which we had jiftst been obliged to al^andon lyasscs, as wellastbe amount of thiinr hrregularity produced by the attraction of the ship- s iron, had beett Saund very rapidly, though uniformly, to incrcaae, as we proceeded to the westward ; so much, indeed, that for the last two da]^, Wo h«d been underthe necessity of ^^ving up altogether theusoal Ob- sel^ations for determinihg the varlalson of the needle on board the ships; This >regularity became mo^e and more obvious ai we now advanced tO the southward, l^e rough magnetic bearinc of^the sun, at noon, or at midnight, or when. ob the prime verdcali as com|wred with ittf true azitOuth, was suffieient to render thii incl^asing inefficienicy of the compass quite apparent. For SiMaM- plr; at noon this day, whilie wewj^re observing i^ metidian alti>^ tctdc, the bearing of the sua was two points oil th« HecU^ liiiboai4 1 il ['4 t«0ljfaw ■W-HWi'Wi'**;'* m bow, Mttd comequeBdy her tr|e coune wm about S.S.W. The binnacle and azimuth compassra at the same time agreed in shew ktg N.N. W.iW., makine the variation to be allowed On thtt course, eleven points and a>half westerly, corresfionding nearly with an azimuth taken on the foUowingtnqrning, which gave I3f* 12'. It was evident, therefore,, that a very material' change had taken place in the dip, or the variation^ or in both these phenomentt, •ince we had last an opportunity of obtaining observations upon tfiem ; which rei^dered it not improbabb that we were now making • very near apMoach to the magnetic pole. This supposition was Ibrther streugmened on the morning of the 7th ; when having de- creased our latitude to about 73% we found that no alteration wimt- ever ilk the absolute course on which the Heda was steering, produced a chanae of more ^an three or four points in the di^ lection indicated by the compass, which' continued tiniform^ li^m N.N.E. to N.N.W., according as the ship^s head was jdaced on one side or the other of the magnetic n meridian. We now, therefore, witnessed, for the first time, the cOrious phenomenon of the directive power of the needle, becoming so weak as to be completely bvereome by die attraction of the ship; so that the neeole might now be properly said to point to the north pole of Ihe ship. It was only, however, hi those compasses in which die lightness of the cards, and great delicacy in the suspension, had been naiticularilr attended to, that even this degree of onilbrmlty prevailed; for, ih the heavier cards, the fnction upon the pohiibi 0f suspension was much too great to be < overcome even by the ship's attraction, and they cbns^quentijr remained indifferentiy in apiy position in which th|r^ happened to be placed. J^or the pu^ pMes of navigation, therierore,tne' compasses were from this tinie no longer constilted; utd in a few days afterwards, the binnacles were removed as useless lumber, from the deck to the carpenter^ store-room, where they remained during the rest of the seas = Being desirous of obtaining aU th^ magnetic observation* We were able, on a spot which appeared to be replete with interest in Ais department ofscience,andthe outer margin of the ice consist- ing entirely of small loose pieces, which were npt sufficientiy steady for using the dipping-needle, we hauled up for the nearest part of tile eastern shore, for the purpose of landing there with the instra- ments. We got in with it about noon, having very regularly de- creased our soundings from forty to fifteen and a half fathoms; i|i which depth, hkvmg tacked, at the distance of two miles and « 41 hilf from the shofe, two boats wen despatched IVoMI #ieh ship, utider the commahd of Lteutenam'* Br* ^ey and Hoppher, who, togt-ther with Captain Sabine, wc. d\i\ I to make the necessary- observations, and to collect whatever spe^. .lens of natural 1. * ' / the place might afford. They landed on a beach of sand and stones, having passed, at the distance of one mile from it, several large masses of ice aground in six to eight fathoms water, which shoaled from thence gradually into the shore. The officers de- acribe this spot as more barren and dreary than any on which they had yet landed in the arctic regions ; there being scarcely any ap- pearance of vegetation, except here and there a small tuft i>f stunted grass, and one or two species of saxifrage and poppy, although the ground was so swampy in many places that they could scarcely walk about. This part of the coast is rather low» the highest hiU near the landing-place being found, by Mometrical measurement, to be only three hundred and eighty-ei^t feet lAove the level of the sea; and there was at this time very little snow remaining upon ki The fixed rocks near the surface consist chiefly of lime-stone ; but quartz, granite and hornblende occurred in detached lumps, most of which were incrusted with a thin coat of lime. The bed of a small stream, which ran between two rocks of lime-stone, waa composed entirely of clay-slate. The temperature of this streatti of water was 43|'>r that of the air, in the shade, being 51^", and of the earth two or three inches below the surface, 34i*. At a shOft distiance from the sea. Lieutenant Hoppner discovered a Urge mai(i of iron-stone, which was found to attract the magnet very pow^f<* fully. There were no traces of inhabitants to be seen on this part of the coast. Part of the vertebrs of a whale was found at some distance, from the beach ; but this had probably been carried there 1^ bears, the tracks of whom were visible on the onoist soih Itte only birds seen were a few ptarmigans (Tetrao Lagopm) and snow buntings. The iMitude of the place of observation Wat 7V45' 15'% audits longitude, by the chronometers, 89° 41' 92". The dip of diO net- die was 88° 36' 42", and the variation 1 18» 33" 37" westeily. The directive power of the horizontal needle, undtSitttrbed as it Was b^ the attraction of the ship, was, even here, found to be so wealt; in Captain Kater's azimuth compasses, which were the most sensi- ble, that they required constant tapping with the hund to make them traverse at idl. At half past one, when the boats landed, Lieut. Beechey found the tide ebbing, and it appeared by the inarki on the beach, to have fallen about eighteen inches. At fifty mi- nutes past four, when they left the shore, it had fallen six feet liffd a half mor6, fay wMch we considered the time of high tMtel' tm that day to be about half past twelve, and about twenty n^hutet past eleven on the full and change days of the moon. The whole rise-^of tide, being nearly the highest of the ^>rings, appejln to ■\ , li'-- i; # liavtt been tap fecV uul the ebb was found to wt ^ . ttouthw^rd in»|horc. A boatSeing moored to the bottom, SI three miles' distance from the hmd, at five P.M. not the anaUeit current was perceptible. From these and several subsequent ob» servations, there is good reason to suppose that the flood-tide comca from the south in this inlet. Before the boau left Uie shore,, n staff was erected ua nearar and nearer to the eastern shore, so that by midnight v s channel in which we were sailing wa» narrowed to about five miles. , The^ colour of the water had changed to a vcrv light green at that diai> tance from the shore ; but we could find no bottom with fif^ la- tfaoms (rf line, and had thirty-five fathoms while rounding a pcmit of ice at three miles distance from the bench. Hie wei^ior waa beautifully serene and clear, and the aun, for Uie second Ume to na this season, just dipped below the northen^horizon» and thenrif> af^ared in a few minutes. A dm'Jc sky to the south-west had given ua hopea ct iadmg a westerly passage to &e south of the ice abag which w« were now saHing; more especiidly aa the inletbeganlko widen coluddi^ Uy. as we advanced in diat Erection; but at three A»M.iOntiia nKNiung of the 8th, we perceived diat the Ice ran close in with n point of land bearinj; S.b.£. from us, and which appeared to fomi th*^ aopthem extremis of the eastern shore. To this extreme pmait I gave the name of Cape Rater, in compliment to Captain Heflp^ Katerf one of the Commisstonera of the Board of XtOiMitudcy to whom science is greatly indebted fi»- l|is impriovenenta rizon,^from north^^ round to S*b.£«, being comfdetely compered with ice, consisting of heavy and extensive tocs» beyond whicdi no ia- dicaden of #ater was visible ; instead c^ wl^h there was a bffi|^ md daa^ting ice-hliuk extending from.'fthore to shore. The west^ «m fM»8t of the inlet, howev^, trended nmch more to$bm westp WM'ddiao before, and no land wu visible to die soilth-west, dloa|^ the horizjbn was so clear in that quarterythat, if any had existed of podcrate height, itii might have been easily seea at this tinie^«t ^ diitiBce of tea or tipdvo IragoM. Frmi these circumetancei, ihe impreesioQ reecived at the tiflU was, that the land, both on the MMtera and westevn ude of this inkt, would be one day found to MQsbt of islands. As a fredi northerly breeze was drifting the ice rapidly towards Ci^ Kater, and there appeared to be no pas- sage open between 4t and that cape, I did not c boat to land. 1 therefore determined, as the season was fast advancing to a close, to lose no time in returning to tho northward, in the hope of finding the channel between Prince Leopold's Isles and Maxwell Bay more clear of ice than when we left it, in which case there ,could be little doubt of our effiicting a passage to the westward ; whereast in our present situ- ation, there appeared no prospect of our doing so without risking the loss of more time than I deemed it prudent to spare. I have before observed that the east and west lands which form this grand iidet are probably islands { and, on an inspection of the charts, I think it wiU also appear highly probable that a communi- cation will one day be found to exist between this inlet and Hud- son's Bay, either through the broad and unexplored channel, called Bir Thomas Rowe*s Welcome* or through Repulse Bay, which has not yet been satisfactorily examiiied. It is also probable, that ar channel will be found to exist between the western land and the Borthcm coast of America; in which case the flood-tide which came from the southward may have {Mroceeded round the southern point of the west land out of the Polar sea, fmrt of it setting vp the inlet, and part down the Welcome* according to the unanimous testimony of all the old navigators, who have advanced up the latter channel coniiderably to uie northward. The distance which we sailed to the southward in this inlet was idioutone hundred and twenty miles, Cape Kater being, by our db- 8ervatioo8,inbttir)*53'S0'Vlong.90*Q3'45"i and I saw no reason to doubt the practicabiUty of ships penetrating much farther to the aooth, 1^ watching ^le occasional openmgs in the ice, if the de- termining the ge<^;raphy of this part <^ tae arctic regions be con- sidered worUi the )time which must necessarily be occupied in effecting it. The ice which #e met with in the sou^em part of ikS^ inlet was much less broken into pieces than that to the north- ward } and the floes, some of which not less than nine or ten feet Lifir*''^~**v.*«»- 'N.. M thick* wcr« corcnd with innumerable litde round « hummocki,'^ M they are called by the GreltUand seamen^ which are perhapa first formed by the drift of tlie anow in particular aituattona, and which by alternate thawing and freezing, become as solid and transparent aa any other part of the ice. This peculiarity 1 never If nnember to havo remarked on the floes in Baffin's Bay» on which a carriage might travel without much inconvenience, except that which arises from the numerous pools of water found upon them in the latter part of the summer. From latitude 73* to the farthest progress made to the south- ward, we found the soundings remarkably regular in approaching the eastern shore. The colour of the water was always observed to chaoffc to a beautiful light green before we could obtain sound- ings wim a line of forty fathoms, which occur generally at the dis- t«nce of f6ur or five miles from the land ; after which the depth diecreases so gradually that the lead appeara to be a safe guide* The bottom is principally mud, into which the lead sinks deep ; but there is also some hard ground, and a few pieces of limestone were occasionally brought up by the lead. The directive power of tne magnet seemed to be weaker here than ever j for the north pole of the needle in Captain Kater*a steering compass^ in which the friction is almOst entirely removed by a thread suspension, was ,observed to point steadily towards the ship V head, in whatsoever direction the latter was placed. It is probable, therefore^ that the magnetic dip would have been found somewhat greater here than at our place of observation on the 7th; and it was a matter of regret to me that the primary object of t\m expedition, would not allow of another day's detention for the pur- pose of repeating the magnetic observations on this spot. On the 9th, as we returned to the northward with a light but favourable breeze, we found that the ice had approached the east- em shore of the inlet, leaving a much narrower channel than that by which we had entered ; and in some places it stretched com- pjUtely across to the land on this side, while the opposite coast was still as inaccessible as before. On the evening of the 9th, a circular prismatic halo was seen round the sun, with a bright parhelion on each ude at the same al- titude with the sun. The radius of the circle was 23° Q6^ Several black wh^esy and mu^itudes of white ones, were seen in the course of .the day» also several narwhals and seals, and oat bear. There Was an iceberg in sight. On the lOth, the weather was very thick with snow, which wat afterwards succeeded by rain find fog. The compasses being use- less, and the sun obscured, we had novmeans of knowing the direc- tion in which we were going, except that we knew the wind had been to the southward before the fog came on, and had found by. experience that it always blew directly up or down the inlet, which r-"*. >» ■'M •eniUed OS to fonb -■ tolartMy ctfrect judgment of our courie. We continued to stand off-and-od near the ice, till the evening, when» the fog hiving cleared away, we bore up to the northward, kteping as near the western shore as the ice would permit ; but at eleven P.M. we were, stopped in our progress by the ice extending to the land on the eastern side of the inlet, which obliged us to haul our vmd. This part of the coast is much higher than that farther to the southward, and the soundings near it are alsoconsi- derabUy deeper. On the 1 Ith, the weather was so thick with fog and .rain, that it was impossible to ascertain in what direction we were going, which obliged me to make the ships fast to a floe till the weather should clear up. There being abundance of the purest water in pools upon the floe, our supply of this necessary article was com* pleted on board each ship, and, in the mean time, Captain Sabine took the opportunity of repeating his observations upon the dip of the magnetic needle, the result of which, being 88' 25' 17", •crved to confirm those mad^ on shore on the 7th. The repetition of such observations, which require considerable care and delicii^ c^, is always satisfactory ; but was particularly so on this occ»* aion from the circumstance already mentioned of having found at •ome distance from the place of observation on the 7di, a mass of magnetic iron stone, from which, or from other similar substancesi^ it was possible that the needle might have sufliered some disturb** ante. In the evening, the boats succeeded in harpooning a nar^ whal, to the great delight of our Greenland sailors, who take so much pleasure in the aport to which they have been accustomed), that they could with difficulty be restrained at times from striking » whale, though such a frolic would almost inevitably have been attended with the loss of one or more of our lines. A few kttti* wakes and arctic gulls were flying about the ice. A breeze sprung up from the northward on the morning of th^ 13th, but the weather was so foggy for some hours that we did not know in what direction it was blowing. As soon as the fog cleared away, so as to enable us to see a mile or two around us, we found that the floe to which we had anchored was drifting fast down upon another body of ice to leeward, threatening to enclose the ships between them. We, therefore, cast off, and made sail, in order t6 beat to the northward, which we found great di6ScuUy in doings owing to the quantity of loose ice with which thiti part of the inlet was now covered. A remarkably thick fog obscured the east,em land from our view this evening at the distance of five of six miles, while the western coast was distinctly visible at. foui^ times that distance. We remarked, in standing offal Higl^ aetf the Prince Regent, it nataraUy suggettMl to ua the propriev^ of honooring the hirge inlet, which we had been exploring, and in which we still were tailing, with the name of Prince Regent's Inlets The weather was beautifully calm and clear on the 13th, when, being niear an opening in the eastern shore, I took the opportunity •f examining it in a boat. It proved to be a bay, a mile wide at its entrance, and three miles deep in an £.b.S. direction, having • s^iall but snug cove on the north side, formed by an isUind, be- tween which and the main land is a bar of rocks, which coq^pletely •belters the cove from sea or drift ice. W« found the water eo deep, that in rowine close along the shore we could seldom get bottom with seven fsthoms of line { but time could not be spared to obtain the exact depth. The clifls on the south side of this bay, to which I save the Mune of Port Bowen, after Captain Jamea Bowen, one of the Com- missioners of His Majesty's navy, resemble, in many placet, ruined towers and batdements ; and frajgments of the rocks were constant- ly falUiw from above.. At the head of the bay is an extensine piece orio# flat ground, intersected by numerous rivuletSj which, imiting H a short distance from the beaeh, formed a deep and ra- rd stream, n^ar the mouth of which we landed. The spot was, ddttk, the most barren I ever saw, the ground being sAnost ea- tirdy covered with small pieces of sla^limestonevlimottv whidt no vegemtiion appeared for more than a mile, to which distance Mr. Roes and myself walked inhmd, following the banks of the •cream. Among the fragments, we picked up one piece of linm^ stone, on which .was die impresMon of a fossil-shell. We saw fcere a areat number of young black guillemots (Cofymbw Grtfiie), mid a lock of ducks, which we supposed to be of the eider tpecies. The latitude observed at the mouth of the stream was 73' t^ 11'% and the longitude, by chrbnometers, 89* 08' 08". The varia- tion of the needle, observed in the morning, at three or four miles distmce from the land, was 114* 16' 43" westerly. From twemy minutes past eleven till a quarter after twelve, the tide rose by the shore six inches, and the high-water mark was between two and three feet above this; but we were not long enough on shore to form a correct judgment of the time at which high water mkes place. About three-quarters of a mile to the southward of Port Bowen is another sraiall bay, which we had net time to enmiine. ^ Soon after I returned on board, a light breeze from the south- ward enabled us to steer toward Prince Leopold's Islands, which, however, we found to be more encumbered with ice than before, / ^♦•^ . .' , «%!93l »«*»■■>» ^v. M 47 m we could not gMrooch th«m m jM«r u at first by tlVft or four. *Ues. The Mrwnalt were heriilery numerous ( tliete ■ninialf i4»pe«' fond of reouuniag with theb' backs esposed above the sur- face of the water, in the same mtnner as the whale, bat ftr a much longer time, and we frequently also observed their home err :t, andquite stataonarjr for several minutes together. Three or four nlks to the northward of Port Bowen we discovei^d another opening, having every appearance of a harbour, with an idand near the entrance i I named it after Captain Samuel Jaeksoi^ of tho royal navy. 'JThe whole of the 14th was occupied in an unsuccessful attempt to find an.opening in tne ice to the westwMrd, which remidned per- fectly dose and compact, with a bright ice-blbk over it« Our latitude at noon was 73* 35' 30", longitude 89* 01' tO'^ being in two hundred and ten fathoms of water, on a muddy bottom. Soma vniter, brought up in Doctor Marcet's bottle from one hundred and eighty-five fathoms, was at the temperature of 34% that of tho^ iiurface being the same, and of the air 39*. The ice continued in the same unfavourable state on the 15th; and being desirous of turning to some account this vexatious but unavoidiible detention, I left mt ship in the afternoon, accompanied by Ci^ptain Sabine and Mr. Hooper, in order to make some obaer-' vations oa dtore, and directed Licutennit Liddon to send a boat from the Griper for the same purpose. We landed in on- of the numerous valleys, or ravines, whicb occur on this par', i^t ^ coast, tad which« at a few miles distance, vety mucn resen^le b^ys, being bounded by high hills, which have the appearance of l^uff headlandi. We found the water very deep dose to the bnchy which is cofnposed of rounded limestones, uxd on whiiih there was no surf ; we then ascended, widi some diificul^, the hill oBithe south side of the ravine, which is very steep, and covered with inuunieraUe detached blocks of limcittoae, some of which ar» conetantly roUira down from above, and which aflbrd a very inse* core footing. FnMn thetop of this hiU» which ie about six or seven huadfed.feet above the level of the sea, and which commands an extensive view to the westward, the prospect waa fay no means fivottrable to the tramediate accomplishment of our (Abject. No water could be seen over the ice to the north-west, and a bright and dazzling blink covered the whole space conqprised between die islands and the north ahore. It was a satisfaction, however, to find that no Itad appeared which was likely to impede our pro- gress; and we had been too much accustomed to tibie obstruction occasioned b]^ ice, i^id too well aware of the euddenness with which thM obstructii^ is often, removed, to be at idl discouraged hy pt^ soDt i^>pcaraiices. ., ■ . ■ X ;.. . *.. ". - ,^ -''''•^'^' On the top of tbia hiU we depOMted a bottle, containing a short imaticc of our visit, and raised ov«r it a small mound of stones ; of 4» these we found no want, lor the surface was covered with small pieces of suhistOBti limestone, imd nothing like soil or vegetation' could be seen. We found « great quantity of madreporite among the lime, and at the foot of the hill I met with one large piece, of the basaltiform kind. Several pieces of flint were also picked up m the. beech. The insiffnifican^ of the stream which here empiit ' tied itself into the sea, formed, as usual, a striking contrast with the size of the bed through which it flowed, the latter being se ve- nd hundred feet deep, and two or three hundred yards wide. The latitude of this place is 73° 33' 15'' N., and the longitudd^ by our chronometers, 88M8' if"; the dip of the magnetic needle was ar 35' 95", and iu variation 115' 37' 12" westerly. The tide was found to rise three feet from ten minutes past three till sevc^n^ F.M.rduciqg the whole of which time the stream, within one of ' two miles of the shore, was carrying the loose pieces of ice to the southward^ at the rate of about a mile and a half an hour. Bf observing the sl\ips» howeverv at five miles distance in the ol&v^ I had reaspn to believe that they were set in the contrary directiooi and that the current, observed by us in shore, was only an eddy, and not the true direction of the flood tide. The time of high waler here, on full and change days of the .moon, will probably be about eleven o?clock. . A, very large black whale was aeen near the .beach, and a great number of seals, though seldom more thaa two olthe latter together. We aaw one*of the kind called by the sailors, ♦♦ saddle^back," (Phoca Grcmiandica). ^ The wind was light on the 16th, with cloudy weather and occa- l^enal iogif^and we scarcely altered our position, being hemmed^ hyiice or laiid in lamost every direction. At five P.M., it bong 3i|ite ealmt^we had a go(^ opportunity of trying the set of the CM, whiojk,ufa^ the prece4ing day's observations, we knew to be pi«g at thk ^me by the shore. A small boat was inoored to the hpllofn, which oonsitted of ^soft mud, in one hundred aiid ninety- one fathoins* by a deep-sea lead weighingone hundred and fi% pouDds, and a current. was found, to be setting to the N.N.W., at the nvte. of n quarter of a mile an hour. This served to confirm ^^remark I had made the preceding. day respecting the drift of tht:Ahi|}i.;^,l|ie .offing} and^ unless there, he what seamen caU a «|i4e and ^ftide,'*^ would appeas- to establish the fact of the 4oQd-tide (omii^g from the soulthwaru in this part of Prince Re- .On tlMJ 17th,,we had afresh breeze, from the S.S.W., with so thic« a fog, that in spite of the must unremitting attention to the sfAla and the, steerage, the. ships were consuntly receiving heavy sipiks from the loose masses of ice with which the sea was cover- ed, and which, in the present state of the weather, could not be 4»M^guishhefltdl»iii^Miilh forins the notth-eastera ^iaf 6f ilk eit- ^ltt«i« ioto Prinze Rlgent's Inlet^lwd to which 1 g«H the iiii|ii« «l^ l^aji York, itfltat'i^ Rof atHig^ the 0Qke of Ybtlc. % INle t6 the eistir»i4 of Cape Fel^t, weobtiert^ed8ixre«ai#%*hle itripes of niowi liiar^l to|i of (he diff; beitt^ Vetreenl^:d. Theisc^ atri]^ij which are foi^Mlbf the drift of snow betwei^li the bottress-Iite projectidiis tielbre deierloed, and which remained ' equiiUy conspf- CU008 on oufTetum the following year, have piroyibly at all times flnkch the tame appearance, at leastabout this season i>f the year, and may^on this account, perhaps, be deemed worthy of nottdfr, as a landmark. At half-ipait ten A.M., On the 16th, it being q^uite calm, thti attifidi boat was moored to the bottom, in t#o hundred and tea fa^ Aoms, hy which means the current was asceruihed to be setting 1JI^##.^ at the rate of a mile and a half an houk*; and, from our fMeedittg obeerv^otts on the time of the tides on shorr in this tfMl^lbefiAiiood, ifr can scarcely be doubted that this was the ebb- tide, -■ ■ - ^ If rr Crawford, the f .enland mate of the Heda, being hi quest of a tnirwhal in one oi'the boats, cbdid not resist the temptation'of atfiiikl)|a fine vblai^k whale, which tose close to him^and which 0imrm^ tw« lines of one hundred and forty fathoo>8 each> «%en, iliini' Jtowfng the l^oat some cUstance, the hafpooa fortcmati^ drew, ind. thus saved our lines. ' 3%ct«»^6«ing atitt no prospect of getting a single mile to the «»atWW4 la the^acnghbourhood of Pnncc Leopold*8 Islands, and iil^^i«iii«ttrl!M%'ll^heaed tip from the eascwand in the afternoon, i dewrmtaett^io ataad over once more towards the northern shore', h^ti4l» to li^ what ceroid ^ere be done towards eifecting ettr Wtt i Hge i in#«e aliic P.M., after beating for several hours among wim^ltlaAiarm^ itfto clear water- near that 6daat, y^H We faiiitd wHtM, swell from the eastward. There was just ' iyjilribttottg^ at midaight to enable ua to reaid aad write hi ^e mm. -'■^'' .' The wind iir.d iHa increased on the 19th, with a heavy fait- of iabw; which, tege^ir^^ith the useleasness of thecompaaaes, an^ fUb narrow space^^fo wfeSch we wc«e wdrking between the ice aad Inland, Comiwifd to make our aitaatioii for several hours a v&f wq^hmsjiat oae;«v< At two P.M., Uie weather being still so tbi«4 Uttil'^e could at titokes scarcely see the ships* leiMth a-head, we auddenfy foaad iittli^lvei dote under the land, an Mat of. the dii^'iniaattnbg oar distance by Massey'spateht ld#, ialavalttable machine oa mis and many other occasions; aad m iSfif' course of tl r afterabmi, found ourselves opposite to an iide^ Ml^I- aamed ahn mf rdaiioa, Sir Beaiamia Hobhoaae.. The G *.s3 M ^! ! *'] m w M 505 snoidir wa»rtit9«eed«inid» hadk l^en our object to do so» ami tJwe'Wooid hav« peiw^ned* A remarlcable hea^and on thpweiMM^ sldf nqtmn^ of a railft per bouii; 9i>d>i|t&»ii% o^cbck, when we tried it again im^slunilar n^MNier* thtm wmali^' a slight sinsMn perceptible, etting in the same diveiction* ^h^b mud imd smidt bla«k stones, brouf^t up ^A'l^e bott<^, eott|^iy)«4^ el^fely of^Umestone, eSBin-esciiig siroiigl|y with an. ac^.^ On the i^lst we had ^thing 10. impede ounpfOg«e» but tho «aot ^ wind, the. gi^at owning, thrcngh wk^h wo M^ M^efH proceeded from Baffin's my» being now so perfect^ dear of Ic^ ^at it was almost imposstWe to believoitto tH» tfh»: •«»# piptiol the sea,/which, but a day^ or two before, had b«en QomfKbtel]^ cOit ^ v%jtfed with floes to the ntm<»t extent of <^ vi#w. !« the &»!»-: noon, being off a^ headland, which was mmi^9&sn CaptiMb. l^ho- ma$ Hiird, Hydix»gtapher to the Adaiicaheyiito picked up amaaU ^ece of wood* which appeared to have been tl^eendtof a boa^o yaid, and which caused sundry amusing speoidMdona among o^ gsn^men j some of whom had just come ta the v«f vmm^mi elusion, that' a ship had been here before i»s» rad.^Am ^erofec^ we were not entitled to the honour of the first diaeowory of tllRl pm^ ,»«^i 'JL.jfi^'ataa^t.-j.f ""^uEBbSiS^SiSA 5^7 |s|. ■ onto of the s^liiiiiA^ iShit fkt had dl«opped it out of his boat a fort- nA^t tfeford. f 'cofild not get MUt to recollect enacUy the day ducedy either tini^ tfe^ pith«balls Oi* the gOld-leaf. A thick fog came on at night, whSchj toiitherwitli'tlie nghtness of the wind, anfd the cauiSon jm^ii&kicfm iiiit^tlng an imk^oWn seaundibr such circumstant^s, JH^den^ ^lUrjit^^is to the Westward et^rtrethely slow, though' We IHtd fSciiitUiiatel^ #b ice to obstruct us. The narwhals were blowing aibout us ih Utt^dli^ctioiiii, land t^o Walruses with a yiiung one were iTheWdeanflig'ttb^^o fdlbWi% day, we found ourselves albi^aSt ilat ^to v^^t the haitie Of RadstOck Bay wassubsequentTy l^aa t)^ fi^ttt* JL^IdOnV deaire^ Hi Compliliient to the £arl of IffiidMO^. Tklb bay is follliBiied bya pohit of land, on the easlern lil^e, whidi I Usttled €a|te Eai*dley Wilmot; and ob the western, %^* blir hetNAaiid, iR^(^%^lM^iMed^^^ Captain Tristram R6- WtS'RIicle^r ^f' thfe to^ral iiavy* f n the centre of Radstock bay, lies' an insular looking piece of land, which received the nameof 'Ciltffrf^^s Tow^i'i We iiOw alao claifglit aflimpse of more kind to -me tdoftl^ard; btit, oWiiig to fa «tt^ hai^ wMch huug over the "iHiiizoB to that quarts, the epiitUiittlty of land on a greist part of ^Mt cOiBi, to the weai^fal'd of Cape Clarence, remain^d^ for the mmmiti ^and^ttiiainedP Imtfi^diatd;^ to the weatWard of us, we 'l^ic6Vls¥«d tndrte 'tel, odOUfriritig sei^ril points ' of the horizon, 'Mdh ittte^ird ill ' iia coniidera^le apprehehaioni lest we should %^^iid 116 passage Opeuiiico the I^lar sif». As we advanced i^^fy to the westward, the land on Which Cape Ricketts stands, i|fpeil^d tcrl^Hitefaiy iniulapf^M^^^ f ai^fidiateW to the westwai^ idf ft, w«$dliHN>viltd ai»)iisiderable opentti|^ wm^ we called Gas- tbj^e's thlUt, sift^f'G^ittral Gaseoyne, and Which I should haVe llit^glaid «^ejifeiltine itt%'boat^ hi^ in the after- ilE^^ th« W^4^'b^cailiii V^iy ck»< and fine, the wind being light irdn the Weit^iid^ As tbis latter circumstance rendered ottr prOgi^eaa Very" MOW^ the opportunity was taken to despatclr the boats on tthort»vfor^epurpule of tbakiag obsei^ations; and at the lAifliie tifiie a boat #o- servatfons, by which the ktitude was found to be 74* 39' 51", the longitude 91' 47' S6".8, and the variation of the magnetic needle IflS* 58' 07" westerly. The clifTs on this part of the coast were observed to consist almost entirely c^ 9ec ed the western e"-^ , eme, and which lies on the side of the baj^ opposite to Cape Riley, was Mi islnid ; to whieh I^ therefore, gmre tiiename of Beechey Island, stutofTespect to Sir WiViwBtBst^ittff Immediately off Cape Riley runs a low point* whiiBh had somejip* pearance of shoal^-water near it, there being a alrokig ripple cm the^ surfiucei bi^ JUientenant Hoppner reported, thatt be cflndd4ndJM» bottom with thirty«Qine fothomt, at the distance of two hundred yards . from Jt. - ,. ^,-;;^. ■.,..,..,,..-, v.- ^vj..^-. ■-■,.,-, ,...-,■.■■..;'■> .^■..■" ^ As soon as the boats r«im»ed» all sail'^aa madt to ^ wfst* ward, where the prospect jttegan to wearn mofe Mdmote in^ ^tittg appearance. We; soon perceived^ as we .proceededr tbfltl »ie landi aUmg which we were aailingy pnd which^ with the exei%- tion of some small inlets, had ajqpeared fl|^ be hitherto continnoiit from Baflln's Bay, beoan now to trend m\icb to the northward^ beyond Beechey island, j4«ving a large open space^between that coast and the distaiuE land : to th« westirardi which now app^ared^ like an island, of whicb the extremes to the north and south wcfft distinctly visible. The latter was a remarkable li^adland* having at its extremity two small table hills, somewlmt resembling beat* turned bottom upwards^ and was named Cape HMharnvR^ter Eearp. Admiral the honourable Sir Henry Hotham* one of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. At sunset we had n clear and extensive view to the northward, between Cape ^btham and Hht eastern land. On the latter several headlands were discovered m named; between the northernmost of these* called Cape Bow4ett» and the island to the westward, there was a channel of more than eight leagues in width, in which neither land nor ice could be seea from the masUhead. To this noble channel 1 gave the name oif Wellmgton, after his Grace the Master-General of the Oidnance. ." i It 9^- The arrival off tbit «riiid opening was an event for which we had long been lopking with much anxiety and impatience ; for, the continuity of land to the northward had always been a source of imeasiness to us, principally from the possibility that it might take a turn to the southward and unite with the coast of America. The appearance of this broad openings free from ice, and of the land on each side of it, more especially that on the west, leaving scarbe* ly a doubt on our minds of the latter being an island, rekeyed us from all anxiety on Uiat score} and every one felt that we were now finally disentangled from the land which forms the western side of Baffin?s Bay ; and that, in fact, we had actu(dly. entered the Polar sea> Fully impressed with this idea I veintured td distin- guish the magnificent .opening through which our passage had been effected from Baffin's bay to Wellington channel, by the name of .fisoTow's Stmit, after my friend Mr. Barrow, Secretary of the Admiralty i botbua a private testimony of my esteem for that gen- tleman, and as a public acknowledgment due to him for his zeal and exertions^ in the promcllon of Northern Discovery. To the iflmd oil which Cape Hodiam is situated, and which is the eastem- most^of the group of islands, (as we found them to be by subset guent discovery,) in the Polar.sea, I gave Uie name of Comwaltis Islands after A^dmirfd the Honourable Sir William Cop^W«llif«||iy lurat navallfriendi and patron ; end an inle^ seven miles^to^the noittli* wardof C*|ipe Hotham, we called Barlc^w Inlet, as a tej^timoiiy of my reM^ect ior Sir Hd^rt Barlow, one of the Commissidnefnt of His A^jes^ navy. . * Thottg'i two-tlurdtof Jbc; month of August had now elapM^ I bad tv^W I'^Ason to be satisfied with the progress which we baa Hibecio made. I calculated upon^ tine sea being still navigable for aig; weeks to come, and prc^ably more if the state of the ice would pisiaiui^vwto edge, away to the southward in our progress westerly; oar prospfets^ indeed, were truly exhilarating ; the ships had suf- fered ^^iiyjailfir.webtMlplen^ of provisions; crews^in high health irndsinntsja sef^.ifnot opeii,.atJeast navigable; anda^alous IOkI unipnimous detexpinaUon in both officers and men to accomf tolisb,byaU possible means^ the grand object on which we had the lll^piness to.be employed* ^^'^Wff%i'"'i '• rnrjsy^p ?r^*7H'Fp»i^!^pn^;TBP95?r''ii||^^ ^5^W(=r|Fifj^ ^ ■ '«" 4;J^T>'K'*(«T£R HI. Mmtifarm^ a $tHii ^ X^nik^iBm&al mpmanu of fhe^H^ Mat y»m lo^« OMnmm^rovk Idio IslaiuU turrmmmwUh jfee -^Jleinalito ^MawMuapm^i dnd naturM pr^uetiohi «r iOjim JliMh AkmO^mioiuJmij^^ 1^ and tte-^D^mi ^ tlmv^ n propir Courai—Jkrlvai aii^ liind^ tm So^ :W»«*^«#«*rf to ihe 0^e$tward, ar^ reach ihfi .^fi&uiton of lib* ^ FanidmlMiL K'- ACALM'fmchptie^^mtmdvdriaiK kept Mn Mimif ^(»% aff Beecfeey Irfitftd itfl^lir^fe A^MvS the^dj trti*% f^^weWKft ipmiW il|i ft^to Ihe ii«rtli*rlira, md lOi smfl Wto mM f<^ Ctpe Hothtiib, td Hit ^dtj^l^tfi^ of *l^yit it ««k «d%^l8i^1li- ^ficn to ie«fk a #>te<« yiiik«l|fe^^rp^^ lleKl^li^ SCiiUt. W^v m ID Uiti!i|al(ii| eil|m»edino9i« ihatt I kShiit^ piNiifait% hk^e betiii %i^ tliloi^hi^ u a degree «ioe« 01: 1(^ to t^tummamiame Wm or tto diBbnttce iii the iiiiiilnc^ We hid to ti^ lo I^^ ^J*i Hi^ «^ channel to the weitward did ii6t» hoiwv^, l^ik^ ^lo^ dUemma* It it impoti^le to cOilc<^v^ any ^h% Inort^ at^iiiii^ than the (jjuick and nitobstiiiGitd^iiWl^«^MitMh#re:#«tearan£ wsfounc mm of 4 ilpiiH*, hai \ *-» ^gj^^wmmg^ "^^^1 ^^}.~ fimiu^Bj^f, .^H Wi^^ .-■,.,^v.^^,M|.,...^,^.^^ J|>**^-J.t;»f,_..^^-,..,v.,„T n 9 HHi '6p)!)l^9»ll»»{.';-;V'-;-*'.'.. If 1. 1 ^, Hf 55 •4 thi9 obstruoHon, nrhi^b commenced idbout Cape Hotb«io, we fQU94 that there Was, lor Uie pre«iBnt» no opening in it through wMeh a paiBsage could he i^mpted* After Ijring to Ibr an hour, however, Lieiitena9t 3eech^y »g^a3 seen in the south«m litid^ l^lnch 1 dittin|«^iah^d by tber name of Cunningham fnlet, i^ier Caption Ch^ga Cun- ^ngl^un, of th^ Hoyal; Kavyv r«8id«nt ComAiasioner at BeptfM a0d Woolwich^ to whose kindaesa and attention we wefe muc|i indebted during the, equipment of the sHps for this service. A lljMffnnd remarkable cape> which forms the eas^m pc^ of Cua? n^lgbam? Inlet obtained, by Lieutenant Hoppner*s desire, the name oiCa^ Giford; out of respect to his friend, Mr. Gifford,, a gen? ilaiiiin^tt known and higl]d^ respected., as he dieaerves tob(e,in ^Ittemry world!; 1^ the ^twsi^ipl Cape Gittiii||e between theqii. We best to the noithwanl dlt- lag &e linite of the afteri^, whh a fireirti httMSefroatk thi<%tii- Ipr, in the hope of fimlfaig a narrow chaniiet tinder the lie* If ttkiHth Jblnnd. In thit expectation we #ete,, hoiMeir, ogh perhilps without much reason, to construe this dff^ cwnstnace info isn adSlitibnJd indioation of'the shores near Chilli we were now sailing being idtogether cbmpbsed of islihdb,'do#if the chahnels bi^ween which the wind bl^#^ and that dtiinme' nd •bstructibn from continued land was any longeir«6be a^ribhendi^. > Afiet various unsuccessfiil attempts to get through thelce #^eh now Uy in Our wn|^, we were at length so fonunite as to ieo^ plish this object by "boring'' through several heal^«*ilreain^^ which occasioned the shins to receive nksny severe shofeks; and';'iit half an hour before 'midnight^ we were enabled to pursue bilr course, through •*^sailing ice," to the westward. A fog came on, on the morning of the 24th, which once molt reduced us to the necessity of depending on the steadiness of tho wind for a knowledge of the direction in which we were steerili|f, or of having recourse to the unpleasant alternative Of heavihg4)0, tin the weather should becottne dear. The former was, of 6ours6, peferred, and we pushed on with all the canvib which; th«^- per>8 bad sailin|f wovdd allow us to carry, using the very neeilsi^ precaution of keeping the hand-leads comtantiy going. Wo: piss- ed one field of ice, of immense length, the distenee which we lia along it) without meeting a single break in it> being, accQlrdiiigt^ the repoit i^ the officers, froi&i eight to teii miles, and itsignuial thickness about eight fieet. In this manner we had sailed hetw^ fifteen and twenty miles in a tolerably clear sea,' wh^o^ on^^elbg 'M :'m'^ ■■■■J' 'jf.ifli m dnav^f away, at Mven A.BiL, we found, by the bearingt of the •QD, that the wind hed not deceived us, and that we had nade wmly all westiM duriiw the ni^t'e run. We also taw ftmd to die northwafd oTua at the distance of nine or ten miles^ appearing like an ishmd, which it ^iumxrarda proved to be, and which I aamea after viscoiMt JLowtlier, one of the lords of his Majesty's treasury Shortfy after, we also saw land to the south, so that we cuuld noi|< but consider ourselves Jbrtuaate in having steered so directly in the ]»oper course for sailing in this channel durina the continuance of the foggy weathen The land to the southward was high and bold» being terminated to the eastward by a bluff headland, which I named after Mr. Walker, of the Hydn>»aphical OiBce,'at the AdmiraltT. Ipianediately at the back of Cape Walker, cur to thtf aottthwara of it, the loom of land was d'lslanctly visible, but, from, the state oi the weatnery we could not ascertain its extent. We hcfe obtmned soundings ia sixty-three fathoms, on a bottom of sand and somUL stones, with some pieces of conral. The wind, drawing more to the westward, soon after the cUar- iog up of the fog, obliged us to beat to windward during tbe rest of tdie day between the two lands, that to the soiithwitfd being loaded with ipe^ while the shores of Lowther Island were perfectly clear and accessible. As we stood in towards the south-west point cf the island, m the afternocm, we found the water deepen from sUcQr-five to seventy-six £sthoms, the latter soundings being pt tha ectedly to a low sand]r-lookin|^ island, having a great deal of heavy ice aground nepr it; to this I jpsie the napic of Young's Island, after Dr. Tho- PMM Young, Secretary to the Board of Longitude. We tacked in ^)|iifKty<»f6ur fathoms at three milea distance from this island; ai^d hpm the iiuaivtity of heavy ice near it, which is a never-failing beacon in these aeas, it seems more than probable that it is auc- xoiinded.by shoal water. It now became evident that all the land around us consisted of islauds, and the coBBparative shoaliness of the water mad^ great cotton necessary in {npoceeding, surrounded as we were by both land and ice. in idmost every direction. In the course of the even- ing, more land came in sig^t to tlie northward; but the distance was at this time too great to enable us to distinguish its situation and cai^ent. . £arly on the following roomiiigi Lieutenant Beechey discovered, from jthe crow's nest, a second low island, resembling Young's iaiaad in «ax and appearance, and lying between three aad foUr l^gues to the northward of it. IjKave it the name of Davy Island, after Sir Humphrey Davy, now President of the Royal Society. I^e nearest land which we had seen to the n9rthward,.on the pre- cluding evening, proved to be another island, four or five miles ' H i'^' /• J )f: / m long irom Mtt to WMt, which I distinguithed by th« nme of Garrett Island^ out of reapect to my niuch-est««ued friend Captain Henry Garrett, of the royal navy, to whose l(ind officca and friendl|i attention during the time of our equipment, I muat ever feel highly indebted* The land to the northward of Garrett iaUnd was found to be another island of considerable extent, having* towards ita eastern end, a remarkable peaked hillock^ very conspicuous when seen from the southward. I named this Bathurst Island, in honour of the Earl of Bathurst* one of his Majesty^s prmcipal secretariea of State, and a bay near its south-eastern point, was caUed Bedford Bay. The islands which we had discovered during this day's naviga- tion, among which I have not ventured to include the land»to the eaudiward of Lowther Island, of wluch we obtained a very tmper^ feet view> are generally of a moderate height* not exceeding per- htips four or five hundred feet above the level of the sea« With the exception of some parts of fiathurst Island^ which have a mott nigged aspect, and which rise to a greater elevation than this, we found them entirely clear of snow, and when the sun was shining upon them, they exhibited a brown appearance. In. standing in towards Garrett Island, the water was found to deept^n from forVyr to sixty«»five, seventy, and eighty fathoms; die latter .aoiuiduigs ee- ^riitg M two niles distance from the south-eastern p for the most part covered^ith a compact and undivided body of ice, yet that a chaniiel of Sutfi^nt- breadth was still left open for us be^veea it and the shore, liinder the lee of Bathurst island. Ilie ie^ here ^onc floated almost entirely of fields, the limits of which were not visUnle firdm the niMt-head, and wh|ch were .covered wiUi the same kind of hummocks as before described. The westernmost l»nd now m sight was a cape^ Which I mmied after Vice-Admind Sir Georgis ^Cockburii, one of the vLords Commissioners of the Admiraky. This cape appeared, during the day, to be situated on a small island detached from Qathurst Island; but* on appToachingp^ it to- wards evening, we found them to be connected by «loW:4aiidy ach or isthmus, over which some high and distant htUs were seen to the ^or^we9ivf ard. An opening in the IukL bcm: this 59 bMoli, md which had very much the tppetrwice of • rivf r, with •ome Mcky islets at its mouth, wat named AUiton Ittlet, aht- the Greenland mtMtur ^ the HecU. The water became very light co- loured at we stood in towards this part of the coast, and we tacked in twenty-six fathoms, at si* or seven miles' distance from il, con- tinuing to beat to the westward* We gained so: little ground during the night, ai^d. in the early part of the following morning, notwithstanding the smoothness of the water, and » fine working breeze, that I am confident there must have been a tide setting against us off Cape Co^kburn) but, aa it was of material importance to get round this headland, before • change of wind should set thr ice in upon the shore, I did not deem it proper to heave-to, for the purpose of trying the direction in. which it was cunning. After three A.M., the ships began to make much better wayt ao that I considered it likely that the tide had sUckened between three and four o'clock { and if so, the tima of slack water «t this place would be> on full and change days, a few minutes after eleven: and as this time, with the proper correc- tion appUed, seema to correspond pretty accurately with that of high water at the other places, to the eastward and westward, where we had an opportunity of observing it, we could scarcely doubt that it was the flood-tide which had now been setting against ua from the westward. From thcfe circumstances, 1 have ven- tured to mark the time of high water, and the direction of the flood-tide, upon the chart, both being confessedly subject to correc- tUMi by future navigators. Several seals were here seen upon ^hc ice, and a single bird with a long bill, resembling a curlew. While bleating round Cape Cockbum, our soundings were from ;thir.ty-three to twenty-one fathoms, on a bottom of small broken nheUa and coral ; and some star-fish ( Asteritu), came up on the lead. After rounding this headland, the wind favoured us by coming to the S.S.W.i and as we stood on to the westward, the water deep caed very graduidly till noon, when being in latitude, by observa- tion, 75' 01' 51" and longitude, by chronometers, lOl" 39' 09" we aounded in aizW^etght fathoms, on a bottom of mud of, a peculiar ilesh-colour. The high land, which had been seen on the preced- ing eveni^i;, over the^low beach to the eastward of Cape Cockbum, now appeared also to form a part of J^athurst Island, which we afterwards found ^o be the case, (on our return in 18S0,)the inter- mediate parts of the land being too low to be clearly distinguished «t our ij^esent distance. The land to the westward of Cape Cotk- hurn sweeps round into a large hay, which I named after yice^ Admiral Sir Graham Moore. The weather was at this time remarkably serene and clear, and, although we saw a line of ice to the southward of us, lying in a direction nearly east and west, or parallel to the course on which we were steering, and some mont land appeared to the westward. H eo 'J' yet tht ipiM of oMi watmr w» mM so bfoad. Mid ^he ;. r-.. from the mait»lwM, upon the wMer eo AatterUig, llMt I lltoiigM the chancel of our Mpkratioa luul now b ecome gw onrthoo beliMot md I therefore contidertd It right to funrieh UeoieMMit lUddoa trith lireeh iottructione, «mI to affoiiit oome mw fliMe of feadea* voiM, m case of unavoidable teparatioii flroio the Heda. A boot waa, therefore* dropped on boai€ tiie Griper for that purpoae, Without her hcaving-io { and 4Aie aaoaooffportanitf evaa taken to ob* tain a comparieon between oor ehroooaietert. AboM teren P.M« we were iuAciendy near to the weetem land to aMenaIn that it waa part of another ialand) which 1 named after ¥ic«-Admir«l Sir Thomaa Byam Martin, compirbller of Hie Mijeety't navyi and by eight o^loekwe pereeiveathatthebody of ttetothaaoiiith- ward, along Which we had been iaiUng, took a turn to theinrth, and atretched <(ttite in to tlw shore, newr a tow point, oflT which a great qiiantiiy of heavy iee was aground. Aft ten o'dock, i^fter havibg had a dear view of the ice and of the land about tuMet^ and finding that there WM at preeent no panaoe to the westward. We hauled off to the south-east, ih the hope of finding eomo open* iug in the ipo to the southward, by irfiich %re nuglit get found in the desired direction. We were encouraged in this heoe by a dark ** water-sky*' to the southward { but, Mter ronning wMg «hia ice till hnlf-'past eleven, without peroeivkig any opening, w» ngaii bore-up to return towards the island. Theee was, in this ne^jb^ bourhood, a gitat deal of that particular kind of ioe, oaUed by ^kim- nSAion «« dirty ice,** on the sumce of which were strewed sand. 8toi^es,and in some instances, moss: ice off this kind aMNt, of course, at one time or oilier, have been in close jBootaet with the buid. On one of thiiise pieces, towards which the Heda wasstand<> i^, a littb aea was curved breakingi and, on a nearer oppvoaoh^ it so eXfwtly resembled a rode above water, that I t hough t it prtt» dent to heave dl the *dls aback> till a boat had beon sent to exi»> mine it. We saw ae vend fulmar petrels, and one or two aeali%^ in. the cciurae of Ais day*s run. As We afiproaehed, on the SSth, the soudi point of the island^ to wMeh t gave the name of Cape GiUman^ out of respect to ^ memory of the late Sir John Gillman, we found the ice in the same position as before; and I there£N« hauled to the north-east with the intention of attemptini^ a passagis round the north oido of the ialsuid. In standing in, toWardf Cape Oillman, our soundings SP«dodly decr«aiMd from eighty to twdnty-three fathoms, the latter deptli occurring at the distance of two to four miles from ifce shore. At ten A.M., the wind beii^ vory Ught from tbo^S.S^E., I despatdied Captain Ssbine and Mr. Ross, occoa^amed by Messrs. Edwards atid Fisher, to the eastern >point of the istend, Hvhibh we were about to round in the ships, in ordier to make the •neeessary observations, and lo examine the natural productions of middle iiensive We^ont aafo gui when wc fiom the had land which Wi ttresiing which w tlooa we Capmin dtonted the aea, \ ki a circi totenfe vorticaU] tfMdlya Which w^ mcadK diametei cfa«leaw| huts io 11 cover e d i posed thi lUKV^tee 1bi»4eei ihelattci AfrWpi vitias, ht and cons ■vered wi of which #ofeisessn "by for ti board oo together ofdMlia of thi t two or i markylii being d Thte li ki^tud ntedle v * 61 mid the depth of wttcr forty iftthont. A thkk fog ciune oo in the ifteraoon, tooi after the botn had hmded, which fliade me appre- iiettfive ihet the anookl aoc eiiHy find her wajr haek to «he ehip. We ioatkiued to itMid offoihd.^ hf the lead, which eeeait a very aaCi guide on thit eoaet} firing guns ftaqoenilr, till fiVe P.M^, when we were not torry to hiear our eignale taiw^d by anueke^ from the hoat The geatknndn reported, on their return, that they had landed on a eandy beach, near the east pdlht of th^ iehiod, which tiiey found to be moit prodnetive, and i4togcidier oioi^ in- ttreiting than any other part of the Chorea of the Pbter regions which we had yet vieited. Tha remains of Esqoimaus: habita- ttooa were found in fiior dIMsrent phwM. She of these, whidi Captain Sabine had an opportunity of exaasiaing, and which are iitiMCed on a level sandy bank, at the side of a suall ravine neiir Ihe sea, are described by hint aS consisdng of stones tuddy j^ced kk a circuhir, or radter an cUtptlcal forsn. They wen firom seven SO «en lieet in diameter; the broad fiat sides of the stnnes standing vartically, and the a^liole structote, if such it may be called, being anctly simibr to that of the snmmer huts of the EsquiroaUa, irMch we had seen at Hare Ishmd the preceding year. Attached c» eadi of them was a smaller circle, generally four or five feet in diameter^ which had probably been the fire-phutc. The small drelea were placed indifierendy, as to thehr direcdion from the ilttts to which they belonged i and from the moss and sand which covered some of the kwver stones, partlculai% diose which coin, posed the flooring of the huts, the whde encampment appeared to have fcsen deserted for several years: Very recent traces of ^ tliia-deer aadmnsk-ot were se«n in many tnitcst and a head of the hitter, with several min-de^rs* horns, a^ib brou|^t on board. A feir psaches of snow remained in ^helter^d situationt; the ra- viiMfts, hotrwer, tc'hidi wore Munerous, bore die signs c^ rec^ aiid conslderabte floods^ and their bottoms "were swampy, and Co- irered with very luxuriant moss, and other vegetation, the character of which dlfl^red very litde frOm that of the land at the bottom of #o«sesSiott ftsy. The basis of the island is sandstone, pt which •%forthe|;reater pmt of the mineralogicid spedmens brought oii inardoosiaisted; besides these, some rich granite and red feldspar, lAgether widi aome other isubs^ifices, wera met with. A nombet ofihelis,ofihe reiiiie tribe, were fouad imbedded in the bottom of the ravines. A thermometer, of wlOch the bulb was buried two or time inches in the eand, considers!^ above high water math, ihdicated^M temperatura of S5Vi that of the air, the suh bete* eincured by douds at the time, being SSfV The latitude of tte place of observation was 75* 09' 23", and the Jongitttde, by chroooitaetera, 103' 44' $7". The dip of the ma^etic needle was 88' 25.58, and the variation was now found to have i. m !1 ^' I chmse^ frdm 118® St'Wei^^in the longitude ef 9t* 48', where our last obierVtttioni on shore hftd been made, to 165* 50* 09" East^ at our present station { so that we had, in sailing over the apace in*- cittded between those two meridians, crossed immediately to the ikMthward 6f the niagnetie^pole, and had undonbte illy passed over one of those" spots upon the ^ohe, where the needle would have been found to vary 180*, or in other words, where its north pole would have pointed due sduth. This spot would^ in all probability, at this time be soniewhere not fir from the meridian of 100'*, west of Greenwich. It would undo^feifdly have been extremely inter- teting to obMiii iUch an obseri^tioni and in any other than the very precarious Navigation in twMch .#e were now engaged, I should have felt it my, du^ to^devdli a certain time to this pard- cular purpose; butf under preseht cireumstancfes, it was imposs'^le for rae to regret the cause which akiiit;. had prevented it, especially' as the imp<»rtance fo science of th:s obibrvation was not sufficieM to compensate the delsv whith the search after such a spot would necessarily have occasioned; and which could hardly be justified At a ii(ioment when we were making, and' fiair two or three days Continued to make, a rapid and unobstructed progress towards the accomplishment of durprincijsalobjleict. Captain £kibitie remarked, in obtaining the observations fdr the v^ation,that'the compasses, which were' hose of Captttin Kater's construction, tequbred some, whatmdre tapping with the .hand; to ihake them traverse, thftn they did at the place of obse^ition in Printe Regent's Inlet, on the f th of Augurs, whei'e the n^aginctle dip wis vfery nearly the same; but that, when they had settiedt Aey hfdicxited the meridian wi^ niore prdcisiot^ ' For iiHttancie^on ^e 7th of Axu^t^ the compass, when levelled on its Mxui, wouldtraverseofitsieffibut if the bear- ing of any object were observed with it, and the compass frequent^ removed and repUced, the bearings so obtuned would diffisrihnn each oUier^ notwithstanding much tapping, .to tlie amoimtof 3*or 4*; whereas bn the present occasion; more sk^shnew was ob> aervable; yet, at the same time, a closer agr^ment in the succeso cessive results; ' The tide was rising by the khorfe, from noon till half past four P.M., at which time the boats left the beach; and, by the highw water mark, it was consideried probable that it had yet te rise toU an hour longer. The time of high-water, therefore, may be taken at half.past five, which will make that of the full and change days about twelve o'clock. Mr. Ross found, on rowing round the point near which he landed, that the stream was setting strong against him from the northward. We had tried the current in Ute offing at noon, by mooring the small boat to the bottotn, when it was found to be running in a south direction, at the rate of half a mile per hour. At four P.M., near the same station, it waa setting S.S.W.,« tolerably ward. The wi continued but to sta land i as i we were ! one tack, upon the very labo times thu A.M. on bottom, b tialiy clea ice was a tempted made sail when we again as t beeii'ena.!: for each along wh long as w but-as so off to the iOfg, were days of n weisuppo »DP comp only now literally, 1 momvm amuatngi ship by 4c it was nee freshened extremel) a bottom enough tc of.ice wb ance of a fulithap t iUusion w ^aU *^ h( open and {f*-i ft3 S.S.W.,five-eightht ofa mUe an hour, so that it would appear tolerably certain that the flood-tide here comes from the north* ward. The wind became very light from the eastward, and the weather continued so foggy that nothing cpuld be done during the night but to stand off-and-on, by the soundings* between the ice and the land ; as we had no other means of l^nowiue the direction in which we were sailing, than by the decrease in the depth of water on one tack, and jby making the ice on the other. The fog froze hard upon the rigging, which always makes the working of^ the ship a very laborious task* the sia^e of the running rigging being some- times thus increased to three times its proper diameter.; At four A.Af. on the 99ch, the current was tried by mooring a boat to the bottom, but none could be detected. About this time the fog par- tially cleared away for a little while, when we observed that the ice was more open off Cape Gillman, than when we had before at- tempted to_^ pass in that direction. At 6ve o'clock, therefore, we made sail for the point, with a light easterly breeze ; but at seven, when we had proceeded only two or three miles, the fog came on again as thick as hefore: fortunately, however, we bad previously been; enabled to take notice of several pieces of ice, by steering for each of which in succession, we came to the edge of a floe, idong which, our. course wa^^to be pursued to the westward. As long as wc^.hadjthis guidance, we advanced with great confidence; but-as soon a» we came to the end of the flloe, which then turned ofl'to the southward, the circumstances under which we were saU- ickg, were, perhaps, such as have never occurred since the early days of navigation. To the northward was the land ; tae ice, as we supposed, to the southward ; the compasses useless; and the »|)P completely obscured by a fog, so thick th^t the Griper could only now and then be seen at a cable's length astern. We had UteraUy, thecefore, no mode' of regulating our course but by once , Boi^^^ruiiUng, to the steadiness of me Wind ; and it was not a littla amustngfas weU as novel,.to see the quarter-master conning the ship ^ylooking at the dog-vane. Under all these circumstances, itwas necessary to run under easy sail, the breeze having gradually freshened up from the eastward. Our soundings Were at this time extremely regular, being from forty-one to forty-five fathoms, on a bottom of soft mud. At ten o'clock the weather became clear enough to allow u^i to see our way through a narrow part in a patch of ice which lay ahead, aud beyond which there was some appear- ance of a " water-sky," There is, however, nothing more deceit- lul'thap this iqipearanee during a fog, which, by the same optical iUttsion whereby all other objects become magnified, causes every ^aU^vhole" of clear water to appear like a considerable extent of open and navigable seat We continued running till eleven P.M., t:n :. t I II t'i K'J 'i Hii u . ki"L| / ^ 64 'A' I when.the tc;^ ctnt« on ag^ini, making the sight to darl: that it was no longer possible to proceed' in any tolerable security; I therefore directed the ships to be made fast to a floe, having sailed, by our account, twelve miles, the depth of watef being fovty-fuur fathoms. The log continued till five A.M. on the 30tb, when it cleared sufficiently to give ua at sight of the land, and of the heavy ice aground off Cape Gillman, the latter being five or six miles to the north warcl of ui, in which situation we had deepened our soundings to fifty fathoms during the night^s drii^. The state of the ice, and ul the weather, lujk permitting us |to move, Cs^tain Sabine, being desirous of ma^ipg some use of this unavoidable detention, and considering it ^t aU times important to confirm magnetic observa- tions obtained on shore in these highladtudes,by others taken upon the ice, employed himself in repeating his series of observations on the dip of the needle, which he found to be 99° 39^.12, differing only three minutes and a half from that obtained on shore on the 28th, a few leujRues to the northward and eastward of pur present station. The m)e to which the ships were now secured was not more, than six or seven feet in thickness, and was covered with innumerable pools of water, most of which had communtcaUpft with the sea, as we could with difficulty obtl^n any that was su^* cicntiy fresh for drinking. In many parts, indeed, there were large holes through which the sea was visible, and thje under suvr face was much decayed and honey-combed, being neariy in that state which the Greenland sailors«call ** rotten.'^ Some of the offi- cers amuned themselves in skating on the pools, all of which were luiTd frozen on the surface ; and the men in sliding, foot4>all, and other games. By putting some drag-nets and oyster<*dredg98over« board, and suffering them to drag alcmg the ground as the ship drifted with the ice, we obtained a few specimens of marine in-> sects. in the evening a quantity of loose ice drifted down near the ships; and, to avoid. being beset,, we made sail towardii the island^ onr soundings being from thirty-five to seventeen fathoms: we were soon under the necessity of again anchoring ^to a floe, fill the weather should clear, being in twenty^one fathoms, at the dbtance of three miles from the land. The weather cleared a little at intervals, but not enou^ to ena- ble us to proceed till nine A.M. on the 31st, when we case off from the ice, with a very light air from the northward. We oo* casionally caught a glimpse of the land through the heavy fog- banks, with which the horizon was covered, whi^h was sufficient to give us an idea of the true direction in which we ought to steer. Soon after noon we were once more enveloped in fog, which, how* ever, was not so thick as to prevent our having recourse to a iieir fxpedient for steering the ships, which circumstances at the time n tMataift and whH« the land i asterii of Theweat! s^cilng he stand aft, by which to thewei the fieda p^ar. It is ike other wMelt we radieir daf three f^th aider it pi clear enou proiithiiig MHilifedott nilihthad rith«t clc 'Theiri aiidtHefc the stmos I ivas in sptungup ioustotin ed aU saH clMnplying wieiy the n the sfatj^s zcekmfXh] thisqlsesti thrott^tl Wind bein In stan< v^ter to c graduidly to believe h^d acqui approa^ii pot\«9ceii ed up, we of land w tktdistan colistdere< along the nitiilfilly tnf^fi^ikiBt^ otir iftlnds. Before the fog re-commenced, tM whHlr we w the qiuirter-master Was directed to stand aft, near the taiFrait tod to keep her constantly astern of us, by which means we conitrived to stiver a tolerably straight course to the Westward. The Griper, on the other hand, naturally kept the ttecfai ri||ht a-head; anid thus, Ko#ever ridltulous it may ap- p^, Hi is, nevertheless, true, that we steered one ship entirely by th)r other for a distance of ten miles out of sixteen and a htSS^ whkh we sailed bef#eeh one and eleven P.M. It then becaml rather da^, and the Water hating shoaled from fifty to twenty- three fiithoms somewhat m6re suddenly than usual, I did not con- sider it prudent to run any farther t^Il it should become light and clear enough to see ar6utad us, as It was prbbiable that we were ap- i%)«6hitig land of #hieh we had no knowledge. We therefore niUled our #ind to the S.S.E., on the larboard tack, and at mid- night had deepened th6 water to fifty.two fathoms, being among rilhdr tl6ae«* sailing ice.*' The irihd died away on the nioraing of the 1st of Septeitr«jer, samA the tog W* attcceeded by snow and sleet, which stil! rend.tTr4 the iktmoswi^r^ ^EtreWily thick. At a quarter befytt in-^ A ,M, I wai informed by the oiEcer of the watch ^at a breeze 5iacl sprung up^ smd that there was irtty little ice near the ships. \ns- ieuste tiike advantage of ihese favourable circumstances > di.*ect* ed an si^ fo be iHtade to the westward: there was no i^r^cvdty in complying With the first part of this order, but to ascertain which Wty tm wind was blowing, and tb which quarter of the horizon tkc^ 8hi|^s head was to be directed, was a matter of no such easy aceimiplblmwnt; nor could we devise any means of determining this q^stllih tin five o'clock, when we obtained a sight of the sun through th« fog, and were thus enabled to shape our covse, the Wind bein^ moderate from the northward. In standing to the southward, %e had gradually deepened the water to one hundred and five fathoms, and our soundings now as gradually decreased as we stood to the westward, giving us reason to believe, as on the preceding night, and from the experience we hp, : At one A.M. on the 2d, a star was seen, being the first that had been visible to us for more than two months. The fog came on again this morning, which, together with the lightness of the wind preventing the ships getting sufficieUt way to keep them under com- mand, occasioned them some of the heaviest blows which they had yet received d^iring the voyage, although the ice was generally so loose and broken as to have allowed an easy passage with a moderate and leading wind. As none of^the piiices near us were large enough for securing the ships in the usual manner, we could only heave-to, to windward of one of the heaviest masses, and allow the ship to drive with it till some favourable change'should take place. After lying for an hour in this inactive and helpless situation, we again made sail, the weather being rather more clear^ which discovered to us that the main body of the ice wa» about three miles distant from the land, the interhnedtate space being very thickly covered with loose pieces, through which our passage was to be sought. As we stood in for the land in the forenoon, we decreased our soundings uniformly from twenty-seven to eleven fathoms at one and a half or two kiailes from the beach, ^nd a boa^ which I sent to sound in-shore, found the water to shoal very regularly to six fathoms at about half a mile. At this distance from the beach, there were many large masses of ice aground ; and it was here that the method so often resorted to in the subse- quent part of th? voyage, of placing the ships between these masses and the land, in case of the ice closing suddenly :ap : :| jg a litUefarther out, whieKfort >:aately the ie« just at that time ^uuwed us to do, ire avcnded gett'^ug into shoaler water, and immediately after rounding the point, we inereased our soundings to sivceen and seventeea fathoms* We bad scarcely clear- ed the point, however^ when the wind failed us, and the boats were immediately sent a-head to tow^ but a braeze springing up shortly after from the westward, obliged us to have recourse to another method of gaining ground which we had not hitherto practisff* : this was by using small anchors and whale-linea as warps, 1^ Which means we made great progress, till, at forty minutes after noon, we were favoured by a fresh breeze, which soon took us into an open space of clear water to the northward and westward. While we were thus empjioyed on board, Mr. Ross, after whom I named this point, had been despatc?.>.jed in a boat to sQund in-shore near it, where there were a great muny large masses of ice aground, in order that we might be pi«pared to place the ships in the moat aim vantageous position, should the ice une?p^ctea^y close upon the shore. Mr. Ross reported, ti^t he had i^^axd good depth of wa- ter in-shore» the ice being aground in fiv« to seven fathoms, after irhich the water shoaled gradually towards the land* A little to the westward of Point Rosa, there was a barrier of this kind of ice, compoted of heavy masses firmly fixed %o the ground at neaiijr rtigular intervals for about a mile, in a dlrectipn parallel to thio beach. At ri^ht angles to this, a second tier pnojetted^ of the same kind of ice, extending to the shore, so that |he two together formed a most complete harbour, within which, I believe, a ship might have been placed in casc ot necessity, without much danger from the pressure of »he external floes of ice. It was natural for us to keep in view the possibility of our being obliged to pass the ensuing winter in such a harbour ; and, it must be coafesaed, that the apparent practicability of fipding such tolerable security for the ships as this artificial harbour afforded, should we fail in discover- ing a more safe and regular anchorage, added not a little to the confidence with which our operations were carried on during the remainder of the present season^ Th« li Ibrmaa wapalar northwar standing deoly fro from the in-shore, frr>m the it from ei extreme^; aky witbc tacleno ameter a( horizon, Umbs; b which dii The vert On the pail, in 01 aityof lyi become ^ wght not passage b em eztrei wide at tt and atth balf-paal having b4 which wf apprpheo the same creased g tacked, I point, to man intr from the we again the dista We then tion, till, aeveral t being at we obsei ters> beii island, « entrance ^9 Th# lt«4 immffliately to the iiorth.we«iwarf1# Point Rom Ibrms « consiiUniUe buy, wmt^ after Mr, Skene, off which there Wipalarge tpapt of dear water, where we hrl to beat to thf northward during the afternoon, ai the ice lay in that direction. In atanding oflr'«nd-m the land, having three and fonr fathoms upon it| and within it from eight to thirteen fathoms. The sun-set of this evening waa extremely beautiful, the weather being clear and firosty, and the aky without a ckiud. The moon rising soon after, afforded a apecf tacle no less pleasing, and far more sublime. Her horizonul di- ameter appeared to be very much elongated when just above the horizon, owing to the unequal refraction of the upper and lower limbs ; but it measured 33' 20", being only 6" more than the true, which difference may have arisen from an error in the obsenration. The vertical diameter measured SO' 40"« On the 4th, having weathered all the ice round which we had to aaili in order to proceed to the westward, we were under the neces- pity of lying-to* off Skene Bay, for some hours, the weather having become very squally and unsettled. With occasional fog, and the intght not being au^ciently light to ascertain whether there was a passage between the ice and a point of land which forms the west- ern eztrense of the bay. On its eastern side an inlet, two milcf wide at the entrance, was discovered, and named after Mr. Beverly, md at the bottom of this we did not see the land all round. At half;paat two A.M., we made sail to the westward, the Griper having been directed by sigpial to extend her distance ; a precaution which 1^8 always adopted in cases where shoal-water was tp be apprphanded, in order to avoid the risk of both ships grounding at the same time^ As we approached the point, the soundings de- creased gradually from thirty to seven fathoms, in which depth I l^idliedt and despatched Mr. Palmer in a boat to sound round the point, to which I gave the name of Cape Palmer, after the gentle- man intrusted with this service. Having been informed by signal ^om the boat, that no less than six fathoms' water had been found, we again tacked, and soon after rounded the point in that depth, at the distance of three quarters of a mile from a low sandy beach. We then ran several miles along the shore without much obstruc- tion, till the wind, backing to the north-west, obliged us to make several tacks between the ice and the land, the navigable channel being at this time between three ar ^ four miles wide. At noon we observed, in , atude 74,' 54' W\ the longitude, by chronome> |Nu^, beins lOS^" Ji' v^", at wh'icii tiiiie we were off a low, sandy island, wbfcfe wa n r^ed m^v Mn Dealy, and which lies near the entrance into & i* ;< 'n^M^ to which the nam? of Bridport Inlet WM given, frOis regard t6 the memory of the late Lord Bridpoit. This inlet ruoit a cbmiderable distance to the northward, and seemed to aflbrd good shelter for ships j but^ as we had no otiprtif> nity of examining it in our boats, I am unabte to state any further particulars resi>ecting it. The land to the westn^ard of it, of which the moat coilspicuous part is a remarkable bluff heftd-land>js roueh higher than that about Skene Bay; and we ceased to obtain any soundings with the hand-leads after we had passed the entrance of 9ridport Inlet. At a quarter-past nine P.M., we had the satis*- faction of crotsing the meridian of 110* west from Greenwich, in the latitude of 74* 44' TO" i by which His Majesty's ships, under my orde^, became entitled to, the sum of five thousand pounds, oeing the reward offered by the King's order in council, grounded on a late Act of Parliament, to such of His Majesty's subjects aa might succeed in penetrating thus far to the westward within the Arctic Circle. In order to commemorate the success which had hitherto attended our exertions, the bluflf headland, which we had just passed, was subsequently called by the men Bounty Cape ; by which name I have, therefore, distinguished it on the chart. - As w^ stood to the west#ard, we found the extreme of the land in that diredtidn to be a low point, %hich was named after Samuel Heamej the well known AaKerican traveller, and to the nortfii«asait- ward of wtiilsh ia a bay oitetesiderable extent, which was per^ectiNr free frola ice. We continued our courle lowarda Cajpe Hearne m. midnight, when, the weadier bein^ too dark to run any longer with safety, the ships were hove-to with their headls to the eastward. One black whale was seen, in the course of thi^ day's navif^tion, off Bridport Inlet; anc some flbcks of snow-buntings were flying about tk? ship at night. At a quarter before three A.M., on the 5ti), we tacked, and stood to the westward, with the hope of getting past Cajle KeirOfr, the wind being moderate from the northward, and the wether thick with snow ; and, shortly after, we shoaled the water quiek^ from twenty-five to thirteen, and' then to nine, fathoms. Wetadeed in the latter depth, believihg that we were approaching a shoal, especially as we were near some heavy ice, which, having a ttde** mark tipon it, appeared to be aground. We afterwards fountf^ however, that we had at this time been actually within three cA* four hundred yards of Cape Hearne, which is so surrounded by heavy ice at a sufficient distance from the shore, that it would per- haps be difficult to run a ship aground upon it. The error into which we were here led, as to our oitotance from the beadi, arose from the extreme difficuliy of distinguishing, even in broad d#^ fight, be. ween the ice and the land, when the latter is low and shelving, and completely covered #ith sno^ ; by the uniform whitenete of which, they are so completely blended, as to deceive the best eye. Indeed, I kndw no circutttatance in the navigatioB n 9I Uicie teas which renders more necessary a vi^lint look-oat^ 1^ a car«ful attention to the hancl4c|i49 than the de^ption to which I here allude, ' ; ., ... ^ * - ? ^ t Having stood a^ain to the westward^ to, take • nearer ?|f;ir o^ the ice, wo perceived that it lay quite close in with, Cape jH^f/Mnae* notwithstanding the fresh northerly wind whicK for the last thtiity* six hours, had been blowing from the shore,.an4 wh)^|l ha^dlifteil the ice some distance to the southward, in ev«iT^o<|her part of tktt coast along which we had lately been sailing. ThiscircHOisttence struck us very forcibly at the timet as an e]|tn^r4ipiiy Ai^} and it was a general remark amon^;. us, that the icf),mu8t either' he aground in shoal-water^ or that it but^d againatdjiiag^thing t» thil southward, which prevented its moying in that direction. Appeal^-' smces being thus discouraging, nothing remained to be done but to stand off-and-on near the point, and carefully to watch for any open- ing that might occur. After divine service had been performed, I assemUed the offi- cers, seamenKand marines of the Hecla, and announced to thein^ officially, that their exertions had so far been crpwned with aui^-^ cess, as to entitle them to the first pri^ in the s^ale of rewards^ grfinted by His Majesty's order in council ahnvcfmentioniid* I took this opportuniQr of impressing upon the inUioi|, of : the, meo ttae necessity of the most strenuous exertions duripg the short re- mainder of the present season ; assuring them tmM» if we could penetrate a few degrees fi».rther to the westward, before the ships were laid up for the winter, I had little doubt of our accomplish- ing the object of our enterprise before the close of the next aeasoh. I also addressed a letter to l.ieutcnant Liddon, to the same ef- fect, and directed a small addition to be made to the usual allow- ance of meat, and some beer to be served, as a Sunday's dinner, on thift occasion. The wind increasing to a fresh ^e from the^ northward in the afteenpon,. and the ice still continumg to. oppose an impenetrate barrijt^r to our further progress* I determined to beat up 10 tha northern shore af the bay, and, if a tolerable roadstead could be found, to drop our anchors tiU some change should take place« iPhis was accordingly done at three P.M., in seven fathoms' wa- 1^, the bottom being exec Ilent holding-^ound, composed of mud and sand, from which the lead could with difficulty be extricated. When we veered to half a cable, we had ten fathoms' water undeii the Ifecla's stem, our distance from the northern shore being abpui a mile and.a half. Thh roadstead, which I called the Bay Of. the Hecla and Griper, affords very secure shelter with the wind from E.N.E., round by north, to S.W., and We found it more Jree Dram Ice ^haa any other part of the southern coast of die island. vl had great reason to be satisfied with qi|r havings, anchored the a|^ f^the wind shortl^after blew a bard ^de from the nordiward^ I • [M 1 1 i m) ■■ ■^«%: "^-i^- ■ m- 72 In the ev««i»g 1 stnt Ciplaln Sabine ttod Mestn. Edward* and Ntaa on thora to examine the country, and to collect apecimeaa of its natural productions ; they returned at ten P« M., havinv landed On a low point a little to the westward of the ships, whieh they found to he a vary barren and unproductive spot ; several flocks of ducks were seen, and some gUucoos guUs Mid tern { the dung and footftracka of the deer and musk-ox were also obserred in many nlaces ; and some addition was made by our gentlemen to our collection of marine insects. The rocks are composed en- tarefy of sandstotte, i;ittt a few small pietes of granite, flint, and coal, were alio among the specimens brought on board. This ifeland, o|i which our boats had now landed for the second time, and whkh is much the largest of the group we had lately disco- vered, I honoured with the name of Melville Island, ttfter Viscount Melville, the First Lord of the Admiralty. The bay of the Hecla and Griper was the first spot where we had dropped atichor tin^ leaviug the coast of Norfdik ; a cir- cumstance which was tetmimd thn ii^ore striking to us at the mo<^ ment, as it appeared to mark, m a veiy decided manner, the com- plecion of one stage of our vovage. The ensigns and pendants were hoiste^ aa soon as we had anchored, and it created in ua no *:>.■ ^inuy fcelinga of pleasure to see the British flag waving, for '^ tts$ time, in ^ese regions, which had hitherto been considiered. id the limita of the habitable part of the world. kl CHAPTER IV. Further eaeamwaiUm of MeMUt liriiiiuI-^Cimtiiiiuitioii tff our pNi* greu to iho Wutwora^lang detenHon by tftt. iee-^Pmig geni aw More to bmit Deer aad Muih-iOxn^-^Behum in three daiUf ^Ur losing their tooy-^tfiiane^ on their aeeouid^Proeeed to Me Weet* 'tpard, tUlJinaUjf stopped by the iee—*in returning to the Eastwari the Chiper forced on the beach bp the ice--<8earchf9rt amd fUtcovenf e^ a fFittter Mirbour on JdeMtte tdand-^Operations far teeming the Shipe in their fFinter lluarters. AS the wind still continued to iblow strong from the ^H- ward on the morning of the 6th, without any appearance o \^ iog a passage for us past Cape Heame, I took the opportuiaty of sending idi our boats, from both ships at eight A.M., to bting o&: Ixwr4 a quantity of raopa-peat which our gentlemen reporited hav- ini; £»una near a bbmiU lake at no great distaoca from ^e aaa, and which I d of coals. site obser and to c( round the and whicl place of o ward, a si Mr. Fife, harbour w Thelat our chron( was found It was loi between t twelve. I strong fro probable, t we had n< ing. Nei was buiie over it. to a great 'indication as low as The wi ing at lei Heame, t1 returned i bum tolei owing to I be found; company lent is tin as strengt We then o'clock, t thorns of point. T ward bor clear wat possible, shore, no by the h rounding to the eai shore, an which I directed to be iwbttitutcd for ptrt of our uiual allowancv of coals. Captain Sabine also went on shore to make the reqai> site observations^ and several of the officers of both ships to sport, and to collect specimens of natural history. The boat; ow«f| round the point on. which they had landed the preceding mg, and which Captain Sabine noir selected as the most c< ucnt place of observation { and discovered just beyond it to the north« ward, a small harbour, having a bar at its entrance, upooi which Mr. Fife, the Greenland master of the Griper, after whom th^ harbour was named, found ten feet water at nearly low tide. The latitude of the point is 74' 46' 56", and its longitude, by our chronometers^ 1 1Nrt were fyiflg at iiididr in th« bay i in which case it wa« not heeetMiir to 8iip|yi>s^ 4n jr iriieh sertbtis olif- struction td the sbuthward as mat to whieh wtt hid at first beite bclhird to' attribute theie ttnfiivottnrfite af)plK«th«^ I was be^tting oliice more to bdtilj^ itt^die flatting hopits, of whith often-re|>eated disappoinlMentafcanndliItt%ihherdeprtvt us, ilrh<(ri 1 perceived, frbm tne crow's-nest, a ^on^pftct bbdy 6f ice, fejcteikding completely in to the ihore near the point whkh fbrlned the Western extreme. We rail suffidcftttfy ciMe, t6 be assured that Ho passajie to theihg in eighty fat^iMJIils^ waler, 1^ |liSe distance 6f toixt or ^ve miles firotn 'the helith. The seiieifhiiirtfdw solar advanced, iWtb'makfi it absdutely necessary to iecute the shifes every night fi*^ teil tilt two o*cloek, the weather being tod darlrduring^^thit hlbt^lil^ allow 6f oiif keeping utid^r- way In such n nili^igatfoo as ttfU, depriv«id as #e were of the use of the tolnpaAses. BuVhow- evcr ihxiouB the hours of darkness must necessarily be under sufch tit^antltaricei, the ezperiehcfiii i^ a^ this time tli^ ii aifj^ Cith^i'. Feelt^ftK^refbre, as i did, a strong conviction, that the ultimate accomplishment of bur bbjeitt iflfiist ttt^l^clid, in a grMit ih<$iltir«i, oti th« further prbgress we should uSidi^ fhis' season, I d«i«fllliliiiil tty extend bt|!' ofte^cibns to the iiti>stp«Msibl« period. do#n Hipon us. ^o ehangfe ^buld b^ f«td«ived hi th^ stat^ of ;thfc Ibe to the wesMeAM t)U <;«« P;M4 ^heh it ap|(>eaf^d tb be moVingWlittkdr th^ pblbt; Wm iSiisPi^m if^tj^HH »h\pS bbt, and made siiit with i Hiht bii^ iUfvou^fe miiki^A^ eight F.M., hb^ever, havm^ ayH#|a at the >bint, ^ fiii^ing ho fSniimge open, we made the ihijps list in i'llrge baV ma fibe, in siattl^ve fathomi, it the distinct of iilkile and a half ^^ A6 shore, fiiettt Lieutenant B^etcheV JMi short td'lbbk i^tihdfi^ #t hilb Ibf b^n water tb the Wesnrard; ii %cll ai to soiiild #buhd some heairy massies of ice whitrh were abound' in>shore, liad witMn which it would perha)is becbinie tstpediMktto secure tiie iltlpi in (iHMe^bf hecessity. Hje reported bnlitB tvlijiiili, at ten F.M., ^at nb tlear witer Whatever ^uldbact, and close ii6 to the shore, as fir ift a bold headland 4htthni^#filirm#d the Western fbctretne dT d^ Istailldi ahd ^hidi niras friiKih Ibur tb five leiigii^s distant fVoih'tnir *tti ^e agrtmnd lt(4h€9*e Witt irery ^Ibsa to the beach, #hi^h Wif l^fi^^)^ $i^ ^•iiLiSiK-Hi»&#»tl44»*&i^^ m sonndingt in the dBng Mictfesd. Lieutemmt B««G)it)r found, hnirevor, a depth of from twdive to four fathoms within mtpy of tho naaaet ; hnt aa there waa Uttib ara tlwn probable^ th«t the latter woiild ti^e the gfound > long beCn* tha iliip« could come in^contact w^th it« Wt ¥^W ^ day^for thefirat time, a herdof dght or nine animaUy leading ne«r the beach, which, from^eir^v^l: colour, wm i»o{Hpo*|d t; thai our jlituaio ticm was by no. means so secure as,I had supposed i for |d^ bight was so far from being a protection to us, in caee of the ice dri^i|^ on shore, that it ireuld probably be the means,*^ *« nipping" iw^l^ tween Icefloes which formed it* , |th»refoi^detern||ne4on iniailttv diately removing the ships in-shore, and went in a bpat to look oisi^ fox- a place for Qiat puipoae, there being no alternative, between this; and our returning some distance, tp, the (eastward, , inio^ th^ larger space of ^ear water whichw^ l^th^rf kftbehifid us. A found that n heavy piece of ice aground 'n twelve fathoms, pt 4n» distance of ^ureehu|idrBd yards from tn<^ beach, ^nM #«it ou|: fiurpose for the ]pi^laf« find imothei^ inien fathom** •^UnewMKrin^ riiore, waa aelecM ^ the Gripar.^ These maaipa! wf i« nom; tnpenty to thir^ fe«t above the teai and, e^chabo^^K^^ length, q| the res^otive slype. The beach in thiav neigl^ikoiirbood was s^ lined with ice of thi| l^ind^ that it would not have been easy for^§ ship to have gone nn ahorseinany part* thei»>eii|g genei^ friMitlngs, smm ekaUsof the mnekHi^t md Mvenil relo-deeve* hanw ; hut che3r< were not/foitu^ nite en»ugh to nwef with either of the tiro iattef animaU. l%e iehmdie heit, as intfae oihe»]Mrts«iiirhlch w#|iid hudedypiinci- fifty dyariitefy'flann, Uhe eahnet eoal,b«t widiootiplittlbg-and'aac)^ lhig::«iifthii saine oMunier..'- '• ' ' * ■ ■■■j:.n>. snpatienl and anxious as we were to make the most of the shMt rftnumnler of the present season^ our mortificiafioii may be easily be imi^inedatperceiiidng; on th^ mining of:^elM»,^not only dMt the ice was as close aai everto the westward, but that die iOes in- onr immediitite neighbourhood were sensibly approaebing^die shore. As there wa* no chancii, therefore, of our bemg enablra toaiovtoy I sent nparty^on shore at day light to coUeet what emd ihey conld fipdy ftttd In the coorseof die day neaity two-tMrds of a^uAMl«b«<%; iag! aibottt ei|ttaL to the Hecla's dailty eKpenditace* waa brooglMt ohn^ boird» Qnr ^rartimen^ who were ont (&t sevend' hiiitii«» could oniy-^jproevRwoa ft 'hare, and* fvw dueks.'- '^ ' ' !fN:«^ WM Ught li^ And n«!cst«raTd» wiilit fti|M^#midMivt^ieli^^^^^^ sueiietdfed 1^ tnow^ and ili*^ |t« iSfm^iiMd^radttally to close ^m the 8ho#e ^ lit Isngdi ft id*' came^in^oonintet with< our b^, but wlth^soMtdi violeiiee as^^^^ diii^|M«telisibl« effect «lpoi^lti .Tlw loose and hcftii^^ktces oIIm' i^tm&i^nmmf in^ nnd«ifrrottnded4he H^dft onaH siaiBs^liiii pnoi'' diied tio presture frodt which any danger tem to be apprehoiided, considirii% our present detendoh so tuear th<6 Mkore a goodofilmt'^ tunity for observing^the time agid rise of thtf tides^ 1 (Jiriised^a'polo^ cp>b« fia»d^ d»^vbeaeh for this purpoaofc^ by whi6h4t was foMd to beil^ witerftt halffalk^foor in di^mofediite^l^ irliieh tail^«d <% eti \miWk btfoire il took pkwevtk* canrent wm setting to the eaatwpnH at the rate of-thrM quanert of a mUe per hovur. It CQathiaei^i* raik liRiaibrthe girtaiev fMCof dfeaday, hoc te ti«Ms it wav^^baemd t» set in the oppoutodiMctiflai^Ma now anil ilien no cnfemilttHiat- ever was peveepiible^ FroneifthlCiUelevefrP^M. it wa»i»ulHU9^ strong to the westward, after which it stopped, and Adn bs^psin «et me icetiteceatrapf wy* I haver been 1fai»ininiitoiinfllentkm* ingthe ilbow«particalars, not witl^a hopevfi tlim#iBg,aiQy ligMl , itpon the interesting c|tteatio« of^ Um direction of tfaetidesnn m II jlart of the Fofav Sea, hot to shew h^m impoesiUe it it, iKcb the hnd dose to us on one side, and on Uie other lnnunM«aht» miUM of fee in alMoH constant motion, to arnve at ray satisfiH^toyf «#!!» ehinioo'-onthit-siitigeeti'' ' - ,., -.i .vv-:/(v At fifb At^M., a flo« ttiing fi^om the wtotwnvd, ran i^ini|t< tho btrjg, ultMn whidi the Heda was still secured,^ tumkig it ipund na on a pl«ot. This GceuTvci!!d6 is not anum i— auum one in XKairi*^ Sttidt^ tfidibergi of ipery large siacy when* the cOntve put «l theuctf^ Ijtppent to< be tuMw me grounds Wa weve lyythis tiaaoio sur* rounded by ieethat no dekr water was to baseen,esoept ibcr atightbe tolcil^fy^^^eewe doiriiigithe' ni^ A pafty fetomed in tlNt^nQini^^i»maahootiOg»eie^ifdQKto>itl» itettnnci^jr twinge liig trikb' tlneiit «qihF ihMe hi^resv aOdre^epdog that the ««« w«i eui- tlre^«oya»dti|yi ice as far aa Uicy «oiiid se«> to thovwesawatd ''^lilB^^^'Fishir ns^e im eiq>eriaifiit on- the i^eific gravity c#» 1^0 of ice^'tal^O ft«>m th&^ns«a>to whieh^^t^ m^ foroMd MiiO w oti^» #hoae«li^ onue faot three In^ dMw «i^ alutff- and tftt to Aoat^ d^>l«a, 4woi ltsd»^ ^UffKem of it^hilMilneid above^thi anrfitiet^ the tatotffiJN^iyO of the w•ler>i^tho«ttaieb«ing'3l^ - ';■.• ^^r;. ■■■::.,. ' ^thellth^lltoei theslSpl^ i$^Mr. Bli8hi«Mi,.^h0to«l deiip«tcM«td«ir4%hirto the westortt ieipe,: reported, on ttia iMtitftt4^%rt^ i^iearances wov eqnidfyun* fHMitthfiiig in that ^^uiurier^ Win J^my waa fertlanate oaou^ to Ip!^ first musk-oit t^ ous: itfibi^iiiien' had yet b#en aMe to get •ear t but, as it was at the distano^e^ eight or ten ihilaa^^povi uie ^1 14 i <■■ .->* SI^BH^^' n ■hipt, our ^tent Mtoadoi, with regftnl to tiM im, would not aU low daky Modiag a partar of m^n to Jiriog tc on board. A piac* of tKe Meat which Mr. Oealjr broug^ with him waaconaidaradia taato tolorably well, hoi ita ameU waa by ao. aMana teoaptiag. Tho dip oC^ tha ntMgnacic neadle» obaarvcd hen by Captain Sabine to^ The wind iaareaaed to« Ireah gate fimnilui northward daring tho/niclit, and on the motning of the Uth iew round to the N*lbf.W« in a very viotett-rgnat. Sioon after the iee began to drift paic na to the eaatward, at the rato of a mUe an hour, and carried nvay with it rim berg to whith the Hecla had been aitoched on tho Sthand^ 10^ f ao diat wie conuitered oocMlvea fortunate in. having moved to our preacnt birth^ wtiich waa comparatively a anfe eiM!» The Gramr^ffOmained idao toknblyraocttre, and well aheltered ftoit th#:df^fimg'ke^ which* in the coarpe of the/orenoon« had acquini^ ed a. valOciQr of more than a mile and a half per hour. In the aftl temoon tho^iee began by degreea to drift frqm the ahore to thn weatward'^f 08, but the wind blowing hard.from the wrong quaf> ter, it waa impoaaiUe to think of moving the ahipa. A conataat and v^[ilant looJc^awt waa aho oeceaaaij» leat the berg, to which our hMraera were aecnred ahould be torced off' the g^ondi ia which caae ira muat inavitabjly have been driven back manv milat to the caatward» and jl pnmft^now menlion an occunenco which had tanaadconaiderifi bla aMviMienaionin oar imndaiiEHr die two laat daya^ and the Maolt of wmchi had needy p^ved of very aerioua importance to the fa^ ture i^elfatc of the expedition. Eaily on the moniin|r of the Itth I recatail a note ftoml4euficaant Jbiddon^ acquainting ota, thali at day-light tho pl^edingday, Mr. Fiie^ with a party oif aix maflv had heen,de^tchedfN«a the Griper, with the hopa of aurpriain| aome rcin-dcer and muak«(»en, whose tracks had beansaan in n ravine to th^wtttwiirdo^tlMMup*^ As they had hotyatretttm- ed, in compUanaa. i|lidiu.tha inatmctiona given to Hr. Fife, and had on^ been ;au|n^4 with «'aaMllquant$tnr of proviiiona, it wa« iui> tural to Apprehend timt thefhad^loaf their way. in purauit of gamai more capecialty aa tho ni^t'hadvbean ti(x> inatemcnt for them t6 have vfuimtarily ^kpoaed themaelvea to it, I tharefo#e caooiH" mended to laetttenant.Liddon toaoM a jMirty in aearah of hte peo* pie, and Mcaara^ lleidi Beverly, and Wakamim, who immediately voluntei^d dMir aervicea on the ocaaamOt were accordingly dfC- patcbed for dbiia. pui^oae. SooH after their, departure, however, it begm to siKM|r» which. rendered the ataioaphe#a ao ^ureaaMf thick, especially on the hiUa along which they had to travel,.that thl* z::--s^.'.-msm>&s»'it^'- m piTtf alib lost their wiy ih spite of every preeautioii, but fortvh siteijr |ot siQ;lit of bur Iroeln^ tfter darlc, by whieb they were dh^ectea to the ships^ and retiinied at ten b^cloelc, almbst la^himited irlth cold and fatigue, without anv intelligence of the abtteUWiei; *" At day-light iiJiith€ f&llbwing momm|( I sent Lieutenant ^^^ ner, with the Hecla's fore-royal-mast rigged as a flag-staflT, #hAeh hb erected off tf conspicuous hill foUr orfive miles inland* hbistim Upon it a hrt^e ebsign, which might be seen at a coiwidcrable dhi^ tence in every tHtiectibb. This ejcpedient occurred to u« iu n mofb terliln mode of directing our abftcnted4i> overuke Jfr^ Fifoi hot was too Wiahtlati|tie4aDdretiirBff#fDfaii eowrades. "I^hey halted diiring t»fii^0f tte ipight, made a aqrt of hut of .ftoaev^aadtttrf to 1^ mtm^fwrn Une irtnther, and kindled » ttttle ive with fonpowder mA:mtn*'i%» warm their h*t%} they hid aever. ^eenia fi^timl «rm|t ^JMlhfiviiig Hvcd upon raw groiiae, of: wilii«hjhi«y wife:'0Mi- 4M Kl l^^in^ a qmmtlqr tupdent. for their etibeieteiim > If| idie jM»qAH !4mr cnwe m«pa f<^ fmrwurd towmdai^; fl^s-etaff« whi^li they reached willihi thre^ or four houra after Lieutontit'Beech^ hudlfll eomeiiroviai^HMOB iSm spot s hav^ »eatea 4Kttiie hresd, -Mid 4nM3ikm Uttte rum aiu|«|irater, a mtxture which they described m MppfaflQg ^ them perfectly taetelete and eUmii^, thj^ reiiew^^ ^i^ Joioniey tdwarde the fdiipsi and had not pfocefdl^d for when, jlP|wij^taiKlia|^ ttie s3ow whidi was conttaotly iiiitia^^ th(^ met Willi ifiiMsmM iwhich directed them %o Mr. Niaa and hu party, by wh^bfOvtlMiy were^eoiiducted to the ^ip^ ' ^ ' ^ /" M^TheiiM^ they gave us of Mr. Fifo and his two com^miom, Wd 4||ili||ialnrve that we should^nd them, if still Mfing, at a coo- ^»*»tj><^ d^nne ;to^t1|^ westward, and some partiea were just l#(jNf| 40 ailf;|>|i« ia that^^^ the tpoohle ^d anxiety :i|rhi«|t tliis» ^f^iiaim^ w^ us. wer^ . |irei^nted \sy iMrlUQ^Ml of imo^ tf|tfeai«hing |Mi^eS|<^;idi the informi* it^ thai^iiiff #ifo<«iildth»^i^ |^nf^#*>^ m^s to the eaatwai^ Seq^iefEeah hands, irei* impi^iiitely sent to bring them in^ anftt^ hd|ie homra» and hdving^jbee^ ei^fiped, duriiig three ;iHght8^t6,^l^inekoieniB||of^|he fir^t^inntry Heather we hiul ejfpeneiMErej^* Ahnost the, |f Mis of this party tvere miichexMttsttt^^l^y <^bld ;atid^f scveiral of th^ .w«ee,leir«i^)il frost-bi^B ^^ith^ ; bat» by die slqlland tnfffMi^itted attcnj^bo of our jo^f^^ geudeoiNH they were in i f6w daya c»ahU4 to ra^^ /Before midnight we, had sj^ greater; ^^^^ than ever tp be thankful for the opportuflne xi0mtrf of (qnir pesople ; for the wind jacrf Mad ta a hard gale a£»<»ut h«if#{iast eleven^ at which^ Hme the thi^Kttometer had fslleii to 15° $ making idtogether so inclement a j^mt,\ai It would have hciNi impossihlefor them, in thicir already d^Uitated state j 40 have survived* In humble gratiWde to God fqx this Mgnal act of mc^'cy, -^^e distinguished the headiaiad to the irestward of the ships, by the name of Cape Providence. «^«)^ttlH WM« prepared to. cut the ■ho(e Mwtcr«».by whic)i^i»«^'|»« •iwtM tii« Mp» of bMi« mniect i% Mng^wNl^^ •wed to tlii Un^lwvf »4lM|ijoCvjiii whUli. i^MeiieMl 4odbi#ilB# ain^NKi. mmAmkumH mmf^ '^ 'fit •tnmn Milt 'i«iii.ii£iffiraidt ViMiM^Mpib^ nmr im^ thin miMyMidiiJioml^ *iM« ofi t]M^i»or^ i|^^tlte^>t<»RfiiiQ«MiCfr M^m^ m , #»r iiiiMff c«Ji^fl» J^i^^^ fidmiii#%y»Qriii»g4«il 11^^ ^««pi|Miilbli v»ft WM of fcofttjtl^iAioie^ io n#4tii«ii Ibe — ^ — -ilMr ^# ^ wind ffofliuiiid mUn^^owPf mmmm MUroog ^^^,A#llil^M»i«T««»P»i fot tfe A»l»t«»o oCth»aiBfdlOi.iHwEi| <^ii^l#|fl»i4, ot IM l^tH, for the l!f||j^iioi|r0ii«A«lK««g^ Jkwn^tatiiamga^^a^^m^^^ diiiMlce <^ f«0.4«? threo l9»ffroi«rit« AtaoufNTter fa)ifore|iooa^,«w ^tn ^r^tmM Ctmi mm^M^'mmiiiiimmrt hi^b iindol4 io itg a^ai^o«t» inMi #50^4 ao^fiioiid «fter Mr. liiiy, vmm n4mmyt»tkcMm mf^^MmmiW- At the j^e wtOch we lelllo the joorajosi t^; ice ,h«d beeo %tyfi| fi^io the ehofir to the. c^ti^inipft of mm^ m$mmUu but mp, C^*% f^^ ..i^Nif -«iMt#e^^^toed^'90iiiidi6igsj' .i9d«ed3l>dfc«|eit:ifvSto for that / m '■■m^t-mfm-hmm' tn 1 1 M WHIeU The cufrnvt ijUdip for t^ Hm two ilqrt, had bftn wttfic # whra^ iii«fii|;«ii6||ft lilt fiMlN^ ij(fl|it'«lil l»|#!|ieli lite floii «ttd mB^^mj^mmmiitU^ mp^St^bt iiie« la dis fiouiM df !»• Haitailfa. 1 IkaU hiH imiM oM# «l«Mp to KlMtflE, how* iBifllijlMl^ •fl^ «lM^^\«|Wlnfl^, tt^ iKe^'iB'tlie^PaiarMai.. '- '^ - .^.■^- • ■% '^.^^ '.y^^' '■ . . ^:j \ 'ciii pri»tiii»#oiaiSeai to^dfer aiiy^ii«|jr ]M«bli^ ^ iilil|nr««Hm ji^ fHfer titiii»#ai| thai il waii iMfw l|hj(* caaiid ^^e'lwi^^ #)iich haf H^a fdit«A Jlil^^rtilah 4^ «ai^as dtapoit^MifK^ <^>«i«M ht thai directioQ, lgj4^ it jiiyi ]l»i^iv wa^ tiil m^ driw Hom It S «4Mil«^, that 1% chrif( ofto hirg« a b^ l|lia Wes^Hv ditfi#^il| in^eat^d a tiontideiabla tpaee of opett tea ^lKl(|»Htere In tittll guat^ter, I #i[t^ dn ««ety accouWL thc^fort, ^luoi to >k# adta^ of a co^raat i»hl& wto itfttiog o» ti m^imNtit desti%4 ditictipa, and, iiHth that vfeir> had tooie to tns #!iiilllin«i$ott to aa^er the ships «t> a# iniliai^ t^i 6f ice, over ^ibklrw^«oiim noi fbe frotii Uto; igiast haad^ «i4 of i»Mch tha ^ck|t«^iraa gie^r than an^ I had iever before iceQ j by ^hfch — im We #ere in ho|iiesdf making some p%reit,noiwith8tandiiiff imfilt^ottnible a|){iearaneet begins as. Eni this eiihl be eflf^tt- ^hJMver, It^ #ls >^^ttdMr^<» tfaie mni^ of the ice Was i^Oi^ tetdng tK^^e we8twa)^dv'^ot^ w^^ also rapidly approaching **^ahapa ; so ^t it #hs impossible to addpt the pro^sed me»> » If- "'^**-' mitt, tiMimii 1wni»l% qb mm til illliM| «lilM« ipM" tKe inietteit ^IfeSli^tbilki •»!»•. -t imt wjM, ff^ thririil IM thtt'lbttiil^l #i^ i^if M lill dibil >ali-« ill i^ tINI Ihlt^ iatidlr fay, «l« late< I coime*' HI *al , , . . . ..., ,, tate of i#lel^iid w^faiiii^ jj>e| hoii^. J^^ ilMMic totM a R«ie t€^ slii^; N£«^ **7dii«%^i^ MMm^^ «^ *Vtottg^'lb«^t^t»^ailo«fi nbti^ kt|MNI^mi^l |t^ while aftlieteil^^inl It wiaa miiih :tii^ «P^ to imi# #^ bfeiMliauletf oi^CiMrt^eaifliiQ^i^^ iiitiiiftiliw ll«*^ 4aam body fltTlie y^llia Oitaoltih^ii^^Ui^iNM^^ M in mdUoil to#ilnri Jlie i^ietit il |M^^ii)ie ii^te «r tiie fiiips that th^ ahbolil 1>|^ in #^1lMli ill Mirwii- %Miire^ll^.if ^x^sibfe, w^ili the |i^ lee filidvy'lll^Ci^^ voir talker «i An* the ^heetfkhiMa aiii sett iHihiKteh the <<«cen Ydiioteered en Ih^M OB V etfier octeel(MM,toiiihl]» «>: wwde. the bcKh, when Hie ^M ihiM to t^ MO^ ^ duly chance of |etthi|iMo ^'^' 1^ ii«iPto#^ twicbiM fi»r any opening that nii(^ occur hi the ^%M^ iiow cma^^a fhrmid^S^ hairier to our eacape hi «niti|l«lpM|i Ati^tMiatbn$t l^^li. it waa obaerved that a flue^ Mim^kmi4^^p^am^ IP ©w pro|^»aa eaaiward, i^«Hi^Nh!lhe crttrreitt ii^ iiip^ carrying ido«g the ahbre, had iitypifditef^^fei^ point of hmd hear 1i4aiSh^i9ho#^r^iiw^^ Weitwad ii#ffiRdi tliiii>#ei^ It more dlalinctly, «4 fhitfttfd th«0i|N«^>«^«^w««P^ in reaiteNSli «6i»i^aa4i^i^<#tt appear au^i^tt^ for ooir purpoM^' On ^p^viihtng ^ ape*, we^u^ die passage about three hu^ drrd yi^ a^ bii*iieen^e lan^lMid the icet and«a there wil ab tiii^c|dic»|ir^l%eration oTibraoundhiff^ channel, att tllo ^ "Ifng-saili #^ Inatan^ act in both shma^ and wcr paiiMi #i'tbe o^ihght the diaaince of a hujidriiid yltdi ft«^ --JrW»vinpo%s«^ten fitflSirtin«»^tirii»ri^^ - . It^Wti^ hnpoit^ not'to consider ourselvea forttti^te ill htf«lng .ci«»i|ied the ^nger tHiteh hKd lately threatened the ships $ hiit . \ 86 another dUficultjr now pfeaented itself wbich we had not antici- pated. This was occasioiied by findiog npeared to ite optivcovered with a coatmw of young ice oCsiifident thickness ta oiler aronstderableimpeditiient to the ships, miienaailinff with a sm>ng and^iavoorabMi brce». To give aonpe idea of the degree of obv^ction occasioned by this ice, whidse thickness did not ge- ii«faUy exceed half an inch| it may be sufficient to sta^, that wiA sucha^q Hecb six miles and a half j^ hocf, if ^i^mped^ in this way,die did not ^yenlge aaore than tm miles, ifes remark must be under- stood to ap|»ly to ice of this kind, when of a ^ngle thickness, and iirthc state in which it it natoriOfyfbrmed upon the surface^ But. whenever, b^ any presMure on etthtr side, the sheet is broken, and the edgM of ime part Ibrted under those of another, causing thekR to ovefrlareach other, the whole^ thickness of the ice is of ^ui«^ augmented, and the impedilnent to a ship becomes greater in pro* portion to the frequency with which ttiis oecun. Where W has t^en place, the i^ behig too thick to aUow the Water to be seen dirough it, is distin|ttithed by the whiten^s of its appeal*- ance ; the white ice, therefore, it to be avoided in sailing, as muth aspossitue. " - . " ™ "y intention, as usual with us of late, to sail along tho shoretiUi^; canae to any limd4ce calculated toai^rd shel£rto the ships during^ the night. As we ra» along, however, it was soon perceived that die ihaiii b<^ of the ice.wi v«# »pit where th^ , ^cla*s anchpr ^vlheeii droppfid, some very hcnvy ice, whion, fdl^ distinction's fabe, we,cal)ed a berg, projected froiQ the beach to the distance of a ;i^ip4lfd V<^ fi^ y^urds. > The ship* had ibrtur nately been lorced ^ tu^ ice^bne on each side of tins projecting point ; for ajt>^|^t F,r|li. the- field citniie in, contact with it with a tfeiiieadous.cra^jA^ni'liP'the anorinf us frasnients of ice In the mo«t awfid and teir^; maoner f this seemed to break, in some deioiee, the finve wjil^ which the ice lu^l, been driving ; n forte wbidi jaay alai^Mt be^onsidg wasnow to be eKp«^|:%|d fi^lj^i^g^^iven on die b^ach, I ordered the rudder to be lifted, the vaU to so^jg:^i^iily4i^ the b^ats and the men,: the.fonner of which; were l^ikded ice. to enable us to hoist ^m lyPt^ i It ^i^ii^ tlus us^Uli>U'■' i- '- "' '■■ ■^''<'•' ,lii|!it^,|iifj|ii^^ into a^tuatioik n$i|i)^ilj|^kar ifii#ig|il cpi:; the oppmif^ Mdifr of the berg, by wht<^ st^ ll|| l^f^y h^^ ourH M fa^|Jba>%i^ cfemin, oable, by which die an^ ace betwaen the two hawse- h«i|ies wWcompl6t(|^^u^ through. The cablie psrted- soon after,^ a|4 the,odier afK:lWBi^bai9g lot go, brouf^t die ship up in time ^ Piei^aut her go^og ^ Awe. fhe Ori^ also lost one of heir biita iipn this^oGcasi^, but waa^ in sustaining no mat^rild ii^ury^- ..-..t -^ .:::-,;/.•.■■. ^^^ :':.,■,,.:.:: :. . '..,.: 7.4: ;^'- ty i ^tfMac P.|f.y thuJiDe nii^jt fkwhwAn4j9^ off die Imf^ dnrinf ihe nifllic. Tli«r olkcm «»d oMn w«|i «m«Ii |a|lgiM4 m tbit !%'• ex»nMNM» «ii4 1 4irectdl tti« mm bfMt mht tfUcelli «od iiB •«tit«llMrfiiiBe irf;jMn;ienr«4 «icpt|a ImI imni* . At dty-Ii^follie 19di» tbe i*ld44B« liiA,d#K •bmik A Jpijic frotti Jhe kii4jUlf: iiiilerMKaiv ipce bei|^(, iiMi^tntMr ^f^: pUd by ippiiiig|jlg» Ip oie %^^ ^^1SJ|: iNit»er'MrM.o«6r|jr i^m liitb ItotiMiiiilfiiiQ^ i«« itmpMi^ tbe N^JI., «M 1^^^ i» J|f^in:l^oi^^ o^ from tb^ dhotst^ lipid liCKv Mio^ri^tM* «|Mrt(poii' iii|pbcd}cM^ Ijr dTtl^Jaiki, th,|i^v.|.l»w'. P^WiJpf #%i|||^ ire p^reeiv«d her to heel ao oiucni lliil |mdiMnfc«ott6l btk ^iidUr • milled, of herlmviiii; ben &ii|^o|l 8|l|py t^icM., Pifi^fil* BItf Pabner round ^ Imii tor |»(|iiire «]^;«aa k^ i^tpi^^ i yaa Nbnped ahj waa H?i«?ik?5» l^ftJ^S^ l|^ op)y afyfi la«^ )iMtor Oft ibeguiikt%jf# %i we>ati 'immi. hee from wi^b«ft> .,,^JiKi^ra:;jp|mi: tie; meaa tti«ea . it.;itQiil%.'i«#it '4m^^p^ deRt t^ ide ^bove off^ an Qfaimil^ii wliicht ji htt'^m^MS^ftjiS^ 4|pf>taibbtmtptb«^iii«t plas«a£af(^u^ii^^(ppl i^ to aaarcb aUbiBda T9^]^li^§0^t^,S^^^^ bec tenant Beeeh^ left the 6ripcr» they had beite enabled to g^ the hand4eaddoWn on the seaieideofthie vessel, where tht^ fonild between fifteen and sixteen feet Water; and asthe ttde wltp now rising, we^ began to entem^n great hopes of her coming off the shore without difficulty or dun^^e. Soon after noon we pererived that she had righted considerably, and attwo P.M., we were informed by telegraph that she was afloat.*' A party 6f oar hands was seat on board to assist in making her snug, that she ■igbtibe ready for moving Whenever the ice would permit. The wind blew haid from the nonhwird during the aight> with A good detf ofitow; and the tiiermometer was at 10|* atmidtaght. Thi Aurora BoTeaiu Was sden Mntly in die S.S.W, qiiarttr of the heavens.-' ' ■ '^- ' ■••;,h,r^ -,^ ^'■■■\ .• Tile acfanineed period of dfi seisoa^ the nf^Mromisiag appearanci of die ic^ to the westward, and tho risk to the ships with which tlie onvigalioit had heM attended for some^days past, o^ltutally led me to the eonelttsioo that, under these ciftumstances, the time had wrivedi^iriien it became absdiutely necessary to lode out for wihler^iiaiters. Among- the circumstances which now rendefed this navigation more than usually perilous, ahd the hope of suc- cess proportioaa^ less^ diere was none which gave more reasona- ble ground for apprehension than the incredible rapidity widi wfail^ the yoilng tee fioirmed upon tho surface of the sea, during the greater inrt of the ti#4n^*-f«itlr hours. It had become evident, indeed, that it could only be attributed to the strong winds which had latefy preVuled, that the sea was not at this time permanendy frozen over ; for, whenever, the wind blew less than a giUe^ that formation took place immediately, and went 6n with such fsto* lushing rapidity, that had the Weather continued calm for mora thaiifottr-aod twen^-hours together, it seemed to be extremely proMble, diat We must Iwve passed the winter in our present <»> jMsed and insecure situatioD. From this and various othef cottsideraiions, whiclr the account of our bte proeeeiBi^ will naturally suggest, I considered it a du^ incumbent up«i me to call for the Opinions of the senior whenever the \c9 and the weather would allow, to run beck to the bay of the Hecla and Griper, la which neighbourhood alone we had any nawm to believe that a suitable baibour might be foimd. It blew a hard gale from the northward during the ni^t, by which means the foes were kept at ft«4istance from the land, and the bay^ce prevented from fbrnhig under the lee of it. The sea to the eastward was not, however, sufficiently clear, nor the wind moderate enough diiring the 21st, to allow us to move the ships. "Hie land was now almost entirely Covered with snow, and, as we ifterwaids found, remained so during the winter. A few coveys of the ptarmigan were seen near the beach, during the time that We remained at tUs station. ; At hidfifiast two, on the morning of the S2d, the might-signal WasnKide to wei]sh, and we began to heave at our cables; but sufch Was the difficulty of raising our anchor, and of hauling in our .hfltwseni, -owing to the stiffness of the ropes from frott, and the 'qitanthy of ic« which had accumulated about them, thtft it was five o'clock before the ships Were under way. Our rudder 9I90 was so choked by the ice which had formed about it, that it could not be moved till a boat had been hauled under the stem, and the ice beaten and cut away from it. We ran dong tt> the eastward Without any obstruction, in a channel aboutfivem^s wide, till we were within four or five mi^s of Cape Heame, where the bay-ice, in unbroken sheets of about one>4!hird of im inch in thickness, be- ganiib offer coniiden^le impediment to our progress* We were abreast of the point at noon, and here our prospect waa m^er dijS- f^uragin^ ; the anchorage in tiie bay was quite free frx»m any (^ iltriiH!tion» but k space of three or four miles to the mnth-eastwi^ of Gape It^ame, was eompletely covered witii bay-ice, which made it more tiian probable that Weshoi^d altogether, be exclu^dfrom tiiei^dstead. We \ r- A....i ,'%,.» •SSsg.'i"^ ^.^^■v« ehipe. In Mimiiig «• the weitwwd to- watdithe poini4?the tcei; we had ob leae thM thne ftithMM aad three quarben } aBd>4>3rhee|dnfl«nther«ff'ehi««» we Might half* htid auich deeper water,butthe ^i«d being aeant, it waa naiuawiy toheej^wdl to tb# northwards 'Near the eoBth-weetem patot -to this liiihonr «hei^ is n temaikahle tlock of to M dawn w , aotoewhtt reeeinbfing the roof of a house, on which the ehips* namm wcv« Babs »AieiM(iile the hMtor nart of'^Awi jMcocees, the seamen^ who ere -«A ways ^(ind'Of dohig thmg* hi tHeh» own way, took adfttiMage of a ftvsh northetly Invwet^bt setting totoebc^s* sails vp «t the fMM tUHo^ and dorittg tfie grMitir|iait of the sight, a periaaneat hrt |i h t nes e in the aormeni quarter ^ the ImU ▼eae^ whmr was iim b aulj f occasieaed by the Aurora BorMdis; I direeted hidf a pouad of ittth meat |ier hhmm to be tesoed, as an esira attowaaee; and this was contmoed daily tin die coaipletioa of our present undertaking. All hands were again set to work on the morning of the S5th, when it was proposed to sink |tbe,||iieccii of ice, as they were cut, under the floe, insteadof floating them oiit, the latter mode having now Iwcome impracticable on account of the lower part of the canal, through whith the ships had passed, being hard frozen dur- ing the nig^t. To^ effect this, it was necessary for a certun num- ber of men to stand upon one end of the piece of ice which it was iainided to sink, whi)e other ^Nuliet, hnuling at thik ipOM ^apf upon ropes attadMd to the opposite end, drafted Um WcnpIc under that part of the floe on which the people Mood. 1%e oiioers of bath^ahipa took tivB lead in this empioyy several of tlipm atandihg iip W tlMir kneca 'in water frequendy duriaig the day« with , the mftrmosatter generally at if , and never lugher than t6^<^ At rfix P.M. we began to move the ships. The Griper wasi«ia4t#wt astern of the Hetla, and the two ships' companies being divided on each hank of die ^anali'wijdi ropes f rom (he Hedli^e gapfWays. soon drew thei ships nlong to the end of our seoond dayVwotdu <^, This day, tte 96thy being fitamdi^r I ^lould, on every neoounty have been ^lad to make it n di^ of iraat M the oftcerai iMsd men i but the rapidity widi which the ice incKaaed in thickiksa^ in pro* portion «s die general temperature of the «taM»iAefe duninishedi wiMdd have rendered a day's dday trfl tanou»' importance* l^** dered tlie work, therefore, to fweontiBUed at ^ uaiaid tioseni tlie morning; and aueh a^M die ef^ied and dieerful flMamerin which this order waa compUed with, as Well an the skill, which had now been acquired in the art of sawing md eiaking the ke^ ^Mti although tiw thenaometer waa at 6* jm ^the motping, )»i>d rose no higher than 9* during^ the day, we had completed the canal 4tiioan« hwii^ effected more in>4bur hoars thin on eidier of the tw^ pre- eediug days. The whole length of this canal was four thouiavd » ^n ijft'-i. i}..--^ M and tigli^MCvo yarda, or oMily two milM ndoM-Hilrd, and tho wrtioft niclmeM of the ic« wm leveo iacliM. At naif pMt one P.M. w« began to track the thipa akmg in the aame anaaer aa before, and at a qiuuter patt three we reached oar wialer-quartera and hailed the event with three loud and hearty cheera from both ahipa* conyaaica. The ahipa were in five a cableVi length horn the beach on the mnth- weatem aide of the haiboor, to which I gave the name of Winter Harbour I and I called the gropp of iahmda which we had disco- vered in the JPolar Seat New Georgia ) but having afterward* re- eoUecfead dial thia mune i* already occupied in awnher part of the worlds I deemed it expedient to change it to that of the ^orth Geori^Ialanda, in honour of our gractoua aover^gis George the thirds whoee whole reign had been ao eminently diatinguiM- ed by the eztenaion and improvement of geographical and nautical knowledge, and for the proMcution of new and unportaat discove- riea in both. CHAPTER V. FneiKriitm ftr $eewriMg Ihe Skipt wd Storu-^f^ promikHg good tfudert eUialiReai, lu^ht and jOod^Aamear* amm^ t/ti Skipi^ earn- jNialM^iMiM^MNCiif of a Theatn, and of the Abrfft Ototgia Oofl^Mfe— Jlreefion ^ an Dteervafarjf en Shonh-^Oommeme our IFiNi«r'« Munmnunii^Stak oftht Tt mp era inm ami vorioKt Jftfeo^ ffllimfeaf Fht»min»-^-^Mi9etllaMon§ O ecm i tnttt ioihe elate ^the rear tM«. ' ii AVINO iio# reached the aution^ where, in all probability, we Were dmtilied to remain for at least eight or nine months, dur- ing ^r^e of which We^were nofto aee the face of the sun, my at- teUtionwaa immediately, and iatiperioualy, called to various im- portaiit duties'; Ihatiy of them of a singular natore, such as had, Im' the firat time, devolved on any officer in His Majesty's navy, and might hideed 'be considered of rare occurrence m the whole Miibty of navigation. The'aeeurity of the ships, and the preser- ^ticik of the vatiooa stores, wetv obiect^ of immediate concern. A regofair ayatcmto be Adopted for the maintenance of good order IriMl^ctemdiiitasi as moat conducive to the health of the erewa duriai; dm l«ig, dark, and dreary winter, equally demanded my aitennOB*'^ ^KMik moment wia lost, therefore, in the commencement of our opttadoBs. The whole of the maa|i were dianmntledf except the \ ;f,-*--' ,..»-^-- ■"■: ';ir*rr' y ' j?s* w > !<.>»■ »« .- k 9B m. lowtr oBCf, and tha Htcto't main-iopHiiitt, dM tatltr baiaf kt|li' fidded for the ptirpoM of occMiooaUy hoitting up the dbettoaMtey^ chi^D, to tnr Uie effect of ttmotpherical elcctricin. TIm loiMr yards were uuhcd fore and aft aanidahipe, at a •uSeieol haiglK.tif ■iipport the plankt of, the hcHiemg intended to be erected over^ha^ •hipt, the lower enda of a^ich rested on the gonwale i and tkm whohi of this frame-work was afterwards roofed over widi a cloliiyi compoaed of waddingHctlt* with which wmo^s are usually cover* ed ; and thua wasfornaed a comfonablie shelter from the sw^apd wiiid. The boats, spars, running^ rigging* and saik, were removed on shore, in order to give as much room as poasiUe'on our nppar deck,> to enable the people to take exercise on board, whenever tHo- weather should be too inclement for walking on shore. It was ^^ aolutely^necessary, also, for the presefvation of our sails and rop^ aU of which were hard-frozen, that they ahouldi^be kept in lht$^ state tiU the return of spring } for, as it was now impoaaibia to* get them dried, 4>wing to the constantly low tempcmtme of dm atmosphere, they would, probably, have soon rotted had they bemi kept in any part of the ships, where the warmth woidd occa^on them to thaw i they were, therefore, placed with the boata cm shore* and a covering of canvas fixed over them. This coverings however, as we afterwards found, might better have been dis- pensed with ; for as we had not the meana of comtructing arotrf' sufficiently tight to keep out the fine snow which foil dtmagthti winter, it only served, by the eddy windwhid^ itcraatcdyto aa#» the drift about it greater {: and, I have imw no ,doid>t« that, widt > stores in the state in which I have described. our sails tqr b^^it WQuld be better simfdy to lay them on some spars to keep t^Mn off the ground* allowing the snow, to cover tbem as it folk For want of experience in thC8e>iaQatters, wealsp took; a great d^ of unnebessary trouble in carrying the anchors over the is^ to th|B: beach, with an idea of securing the ships to die shore at die Inrei^* ingup of the ice in the spring i a precamicm for whi^ there waa, not the smallest occasion, and by which the cablea suflbved lume- cessary exposure during the winter. .. As soon as the ships were secured and housed over; my undi- vided attention was in the next place directed to the comfit of the officers and men, and to the prestn^atimi (^ that extraordinaqr degree of health which we luul hitherto enjoM^ed in bo^i shipa^c^., A few brief remarks on this subject by Mr. Edwards^ (to whoaa^ skill and advice, as well as humane and unren^itting atleiid to enable the people to take exercise on board, whenever ttiu. weather should be too inclement for walking on shore. It was ^kmi- solutely^nccessary, also, for the preservation of our sails and rop(iS|» all of which were hard-frozen, that they ahottldi.be kept in di^ state till the return of spring } for, as it was now impossible to* get them dried, 4»wing to the constantly low temperature of die atmosphere, they would, probably, have soon rotted had they be«i kept in any part of the ships, where the warmth woidd ocwa^on them to thaw I they were, therefore, placed with the boata on shore* and a covering of canvas fixed over them. This coverfng^ however, as we afterwards found, might better have been dii- pensed with ; for as we had not the meana of comtrticting aroof eufficiently tight to keep out the fine snow which ftU dtmagthii winter, it only served, by the eddy windwhic^ it craated, to au|^ the drift about it greater {and, I have ik»W no .doidit« tlmt, widt' stores in the state in which I have described ' our sidls to bi^^it would be better simfdy to lay them on some 9ftm to keep t^mn off the ground* allowing the snow, to cover them as itfeU. For want of experience in the8e>iDaatters*;Weals() took; a great d^ of unnecessary trouble in carrying the anchors over the ic^ to thps; beach, with an idea of securing the ships to die shore at the InreaM ing up of the ice in the spring i a precaiui. As soon as the ships were secured and housed over; my uadif< vided attention was in the next place directed to the cemliMt of the ofiScers and men, and to the presin^aticm <^ Uiat extraordinaqr degree of health which we had hitherto enjoM^ed in boi^ shipt*., A few l»rief remarks on this subject by Mr. Edwards, (to wliqi% skill and advice, as well as humane and unren^itting attendou t# the few sick, on all occasions, I am much iDdebted^) I need fl»ait% no apology for dfering, in his own words ;---*^ On our anival 'm> our wiuter-quarters, after a season sufficient hara^ingb(odl j^ officers and men, it was pleasing to reflect on die excellent. heaUli; they had experienced throughout. On our passa^ across the Adiniic^ indeed, a few ephemeral ' liplaints* arising firom wet t D but be SMMMT wonlnr of nodcti wadf Mar ciffCMf a pMiod of botirot» two omI ■!« Modteal CM* hoi bets oaitmd cm lb •oiKihla oor onrival withia T^tbiiftto. •r ow loHriag Ba|li4t fwi wbtoh With ragwi to aocidaMty wo hod tbo liek Imc ■^- Huw^VOFi BMIlt bo of LkoCMMBt LiMoM, wbo bod tofefod oolrorofy from catb of rhOttontMiii sbonfy bo had Aot yot noovoora. boooa^loM fortonatoi o fitw iofiii4oo'lr0Oi ftooi» ood • bowl by g uo p owdct, wbieh bod aol jwt roootrwod, b«t wUdi pored aiky of itnqpoforf iaeooveaaoDoey ooaedtw^ig oil tbo como of- tbia notuife wbieh hod hitherto occurred. Noitho oUgbtotC diepoeMoa to econry, the diteoeo OMOt to bo iq^prebeaded lai- der oof p«iBiH cirtninotoncee» bod yet been ofwwed bi-oitbor ihipi lo feeti the whole of the oflkere end own, with the few «» oepooobobofvo OMNntieood* orioht be taid to czhildt die fioeet oo^ poet of bofllcb i end it woe no w^ mcifying to obeenre, that ^tuki aptrita weroin perfcctuoieoa with weir corporeal powere ; ao that it woe iwpooiihie oot to coooider Aem aa dEectivc oo at the cooii* nraneeaieiit of the voyage. Under dicae co-^xiadojg cigeumrtanree, ooadtined widi the powerful prevendvee with wmeb we were fiv^. niahed» It waa not unreasoaKble to induce in a confident hope of findlof oovMdvea at the beginning of the aeatt teaMm with our muo* here undiariaMied, and our enerma uidmpaindk"> In order topvolong tbia bealdqr ataie of the crewatond to pro* asoto tbia oonlort of itt« audi arfangementa were aMdo lor dto wii^lKdi anil dfy no to ^ die lurdia and bed^placeat aa cieauMtaaaao a ppe a re d to PB^uire ; and in thin reanectv oonic diUJouhlea weroto b« oveaoooHi whittb could not, vueniapa^iMivo been nnric ipBt e d . arrival in Winter HariMur, when die of the atauMphere bad fiUan coosidevaldy bdow zero of heit^ wo Iboiid diat the atmun from the' coppera, aa weli aa dio bresdi and othef vapour geaeraied in the^ inhabited porta of tbo ' riitp* began to condenBo into^dropa upon the ^beama «mI dto aidea, to auch a deglpee n to keep them constant^ weti In codier to re* move due aeiioua evil, it waa neceaaary to adopt auch OMiana lor producing u aiJkient warmdi, combimd with due ventiladou^ jhi mi^t Qttry of the v^Mutff and thoa pevent ita aotding on nv part of dMivddp. Feardsia purpose nluge atone omen^cMed win caattron^iov which all our bread was baked during Jhe wintNr, waaptaced on die niaini4iatcbway, md the stovepipe led lore and al^ on one aide of die kiw«r deck, the Mncdce being thua onnied up tbo^€Brai4iatchwi^« r On die ^posite aide ^ the deck« anappn* ratua bad been aftoCfaed to the gaUeMrange, for conveying a c rent of heated air betwewa decks. This apparatus simply coasiat- ed of an iron Ik« or aiNtlesael ai|eut fifteen inches aquare, though which passed those pipeoj^^f two inches diamctery coBuaunicating aiil»»irtail>iiwtwi#iir,aBAiiokiMAoftliiSJWtd»«i imnim «U»«r^ilw fdbjNinie i i» tUt boa « ttmuMowi |iiK «H MMlMdi aii* WM(M9wk«»ilM «iddl« ptrtof dw Immt imi W l n » »i i i j iwi»—ii ttii< m ii l»i lM i tit >■• ■ ■• ill fiiiM^lM^|li^>«h»tliiw pipetrlbwB wM^ HM^iSilli dp ttovv-pip* ^ *t «M«i^ Mnlifc Wliilf |M« MnMl4«^|W «Mw, « ttoin«it irt piodoMd ft wtrrMii 4iii^ |hii.»tiwywftlMii,# tr^ m^ttm iHn—fti of tftvtattMifMt iKieoniMlftr ol*4MfttfJvlM^iiM|klaok^^^ bf ihi »ft9r« it,«ii|lit MdMblidfy bt ciftltd to • amth giwiitr #i- tiii I b oMft^ M tih i iilwiBili»^y«o^ w wiii^t bin libra dM VM^ ««ir>«b«0iHiftiMit^M««n^ coMf i» still acfwiMilaiMl^ in tb* bt4> yjftiM iiinmlraftHjN»ftft«wqftra4 i>s ry ikiim ipgdtitf. 4awiif lIlMMMMfiiijployratl to imvrat tbft k^uriM^ dbctt ftritiag frrai tbfci|imiwyiiir>» oce of tbe nett tActaotit pe^pt flit ft teveoi ■Mii fli insMloai^iMdl tft^tbt biMm fwarn tb« f ft l ii y , rad drop* pbtfiiitbin dgbttraJaohto of tbt tebifWUeb mtvoA to iniorcopft tflf otMMpft^MOft tbt 0pppofO4 oad ^tevoiii it at b o l a mfeom eurliag ilaiig. libo bramii^ anii^rOoaikMiiig vm. thrai \moi^4mif», TV^ •wotiiifii «tfptd«lfy oiilbl «t tbo mm of drawkmldl tb»bo«r. iMi^mmktAs lotefy bteo i»lbo hobitof biotriMf liroHi^tMftOO off HtkmA ttvf^wui «bkb eoBtbuodto botorf fid iw ttfortl vooko •i* iiibitl|iiW>fior;Mft of fbooraal ftUomNWo of tplrito. Wo fewii^ ibo^titiil oriiinp worn thi».pgaf eeooai«^#^«i^l«ir^ftlt«iaiiQn» we» aMido ii &o>qiiaiid^ and ouaUqr o$lh# >pfttiisioaa;aiiiied^ I directed! tbe :allo#ance of breaiitolio ptriniaiiandyrtrcdriced to tiio<4bird8|> a |»*ecautioii which, perhapa, iti SMlits olr the vojranir^ «A poond of ISkmmm preterved flMali to- geite'Wttl^ one pwt of vegetable or oonctiitrated.eoiip per naoL wecisubatitiited ror o«e poond of writ beef wodki^l a propordoo of bfter apd wine waal aicved inlico «if tphiita } aad ^wam quaatlMr <^«oiHr lEiQuL Mid f^Ueai widt at mush viaegar ac coidd m iiied» was iaatt^d an regidftr^iatervab^ The dftity propoirtioii of IbBom* Jldee ttid 'stigtt^ was ai^^ together» ind, With a proper quaoti^ idsmtmr^t^'^e^ oAcer appbinir ed'fg ttttitd to* thiffdi^i Thit hutgr pfecattdonoMjr appear to have been imnec^Biiaif^ W ^Mie who are not awaro'iltow Wach tlitririMaaiBMaiihIldiftfr ia aft tfaoao pofaMi in which diolf own N i n \i I 8' Jn iIm artMla of ImI, wUfh I* •( Mlob vilil^ I Nvert ft elMMle^a tgMMhqf'tiM j MMk » quMtity of omI «bI|^I for Um pffMervaiion of ImoMi «iiiii*in» acaBodia|| to tl»«iital^««o* torn of ifaa «av]rf aaeli diviaion Mug wdwr thatr iw—d .o# ad qflictr, wlior*as ImpoiiaiMa lortlio pMooal Bhaalioiwofwiio sMk inirusied to Uoahana, ii apatt> aa tor thair kaapiog-dtair alotiia»al liltinicaflMBdadaQdiogoodoaaditioo. Thi aw p wa a o i a ^uia % wmtarod lor. i B i |ani o> a wr oi og aod owMii^gi at'Widdt iibmo:'b atoraya vhiitcd a«ary^|^_of t)M hnnaiii diahii aoeaaipaBlad %> Ibaeut.BaeclMr nd Jdr. Idworda^ «^doi».4ifio tfca waajfiil appoiniadlbirtli^^anaitaatiaB of tl» iiia^aaldia.— d yii tij^'dig madiool imtkaMBv i« ordar tktm wm tlMit aBpaaaaoca-wOP tl» sftttrvy^ miglit at ompa >ba datactad^ iod ahaakad ^ tiantflf-aMl adaqatfagiadafc. < . ^ '.«:^' It waa my iatteatioa to. haio. aawwad^ dw < boddjao off aa ic a lo ho brouglit ao daak, fair tlw fuifpaaaolairiagfaokisc ooea a JMcek datiag ma«wialor{;boi h»t% alio^ a dtftauly oa iu i i red» wbiabv without praviotta azpariaaci, aonld. aoa- p ai ba p a Inw# bfwa caaUy aadcipaiML Whanatero:idairi(cailaab«aQghl4Niid«c^ and^^auimd to raaudntharelDr^adiott dMr»4t otadunaiKquirad tba^t^pcraturaof thaabKMi^hate^ Wb«B tfaia happaded xa-lm' ratbar ItNTi uodar snro of Fahrenheit fbriaatauca, tba iinaitdiiurt cOB»Bftoence, on caking tba Uaahet again into the iwhilhinid patta of 4hc. ship wasv diat the vapour aettled ami OMidauaod upon i^MsndatiDf it alteoat inscand^ so wet aa tb ha Mfit «» iltopion^ and requinagy tbarr^are^ after ^^thai'ii Aodbdbedricd by ardfl' cial iMat bielpre it could be «B|uffde4icto. thabed*|daocb Wofrata^ - tbc^eSorc, under die necessity of bttiipng' tlia« faiddUbf 'updiNlaaa' between 4«ckB,a» the o^y tnoda of airing i^ and whacwafttik^- t<;»tprove>aH|l'inioBe:iarii^^dal^ wte vans liave recourse to. the stale iriidbtaitby ancaaura in drying du^JpNiibed^ aiotiie«st7s^ m»m n «• gac up • plajF oscMionaUjr «ii mmA |h>'lh jiniwudiinlji oaoor arrival inJaa*boaK» Captato'Sabine hadomw llojrad hiawelf laioekotiBg »plaao fior the obaervatbry, which waa aia e wd ^^ioia* eoavoaiOBt apot* aboot aevea hundred yarda to the weatward.oC«dM abipa* : It woa.abocooaidercdadviiable immedi- ately to aotaboi^bttaAng a hoaao>neai< the beach, for the reeeptipn ol^the elocke and biatramenU. For ^ia purpose .we made uee of a faaafityof ftr*p|aoit« wldoh waa intended mr the construction of lia ia bua ta» aad'Wbich waa so cut aa not injure it for that purpose* 'Ibe^l^ouadwaosotbu'd frozen that it required great labour to dig bola^fer the upngbt poata which iormed the support of the aidea. 7^ waUa of thio boiiao b«ng double* with moas placed between t|a -twoyahigh toBi^eaatttre could* even in the severest weather itklch we m^ttbedooawdr to experience, be kept up in it without difioidty by a ate{^e store. r . > Aawng tbo many fodaaato eireamatances which had attended Ui ditrinyihit faatiaeaaon af our aavigatiw>» thor^ was nona more 1 I 'm t \ '■■ I y. I wo »tiTk\ng than Ae opportune time at which tht^aliiptr^irarc Mcurely placed in harbour ; tor on the very n^t of oor arrival, tha 96Urof September, the thermometer f«U to —1' ; and, on thaicdlowibg dby, the sea waa obaerved from the hiUa^to be quite fraoen over, aa fiur aa the eye could reach ;. nor waa any open watar aemi altar thia period. During the firat. thitce weeka in October^ however, we>re«> marked- that the ydear« previously to the migration of these and the other nninuila from the island, which took plfce before v^ dose of the month of €k- tober^ leaving only the wolves-and foxes to bear uaecHnpaiqrdnnng the winter. ThevfuUf^^wn deer, which we kitted in the nitktoam# gave us from one hundred.and twen^ to onf hundred ahd seventy pounds of meat each, and a fiiwn w^gfacd, eiji^^i^fbrnr ponnda;. On the iat of October, Capuin Sidiine'a aervaM bavingtiieett at some diftaoce from the ships, to examine nfox«crap^ waaporaudd by a large white bear, which followed his fo(M«tepa the wtole wa^ to the ships, where he was wounded by severdbldlayfairt'imideh» csaqpeafier diU Thia bear, which waa the oi^^onewft saw during our tfay in Winter Harbour, was observed to be >m(Mrcp«ralf'Wh^e than any we had before .seen, the colour of thefe animals being generally that of a dinyishyelloWy"Whancontraated:twithdii( wluta^ ness of the ice and snow. On the night of the 4dH we had a strong apde from the south*, ward, which g^ve us a satiitfactory proof, of the security of the harbour we had chosen, for. the: main ice wasibund in the morning to have pressed in very forcibly upon that which was nen^form^ cd near (he entrance, while within the two pointa of the harbour, it remained perfectly solid and undistwhed* >Some deer bei^g seen near the ships on the 10th, a par^ waa despatched after them^ some of whom having wounded a atag,'and bemg 1^ on Ivy' the ardoat^ of pumuit, forgot my order Uwt every person diould he ooMboard before sun-set, and did not return t^ late afrar we had suffered mueti apprehension on their account* I, therefem, directed that die expense of all rockets and otl^r^ aigni^ made in such caaes, should, in future, be charged againat the wagaa of the oflGmdii^ party. John Pearson, a marine belonpng to^thciGrtper^ ane waa the last that returned on board, had his himds severetyfrost%itti«,' having imprudently gone away without mittens, and with a nfuaket in his hano« A party of our people most proyideatially Jpund h^io,. &■ i'4- dhhwi|{h liie'Diglil ivat very dwrk, just as he had laMen down » ileep tNudt of snow, and was beginning to feel that degree of tor- ibot and drowsiiiMifr which, if indulged, inevitably proves filial, when h« was bronghc on board, his fingers were quite stiff, and baitJicd thflf jrtufN^ of that part of the musket which he had wm carrying* rad the frost had so far destroyed the aniuaation in hk ftigtra^on oawilind', that it was neccss«ryto amputate three of thrai » sh«rt tioM after, notwhhstinding all die care and attention paid to hlfii by^he medied gentlemen. The i^ct whtdi expo- soie to aetere frost has, in benumbing the mental as wett as the corpoieal ficidties, was Kcry striking in this man, as well as in two^of the young gcndbwen who returned after dark, and of whom we wen itodbii* to maite infuiriies respecting Pearson. When I «Mi«lbr them faito my cabitt, they looked wHd, spoke thick and hi^ ^ilstino%/and it was< impossible to draw from them a rational afti^ smw-tomiy'of our-questioniB* After being on board for a short liiiie, >tlw mentd Hicidtici appeared gradually to return widi the ft tttwdn g dtcntarioi^ and itwus not tiH then that ft looker-Kin could eildly persuadie himself thtttdiey had not been drinking too freely. 'f\t> tli6S€«^ who hflive been mudi accustomfd to cold countries this wittbe no new remark; but I' cannot help thmking (and it is with iMSF inew^at 1 speak of it) that many a man may have been pun. ished^for intbkhwtaon, who wa^ J fomily, ceniitiiig of a •tstioiiaiy vbitft light in th^aoniii-wcttqate- ter^ And MM* the horizon. : i On tb« I5tb» wt SAW th* hui covef of ptaimlymmhith t»ne met with thit MMOD. Qm th» taw oii » | N«ti ie 4itH i»rwigiifa herd of ificea deer to theMMtbvwdi th»f /wei^Miligdng^^Mii^it fiint«MK«pt oiw. Iwfe onei pf«bihiy « itif ,.«rhkh JeftanreMto^een- •d tOifnaid the, rest m their fltgbl^ yriig frtgiMlly >found ^iMi, and eometiine* ttrihingjlifrit iiiiD.«Mkt!ihMB;9«flii, which ^thtrwiaethefdid pot 99mm mmlkmi^mitAm do* «? k^^v^? 0» the-ietfa, it hlew « iliOBg/cakffrdqMh^lMmhWilHk jkombi- ptnied bjr iiich^fti^eoiitiUuM^ yQmw%>,th«flth«i»«ii)M«e«ei^ th« Ihipi; IndMv mhtn thfeK- wdthe'theniMveeitr v^rylow, I believe thht no ^tumaabeiiig iJOdkttehyeHwwwiawd elim afteiv 8R1 Jioi)r?ji «spMttferto it. I» onderv^themfi«e^.>tt»jee«aBe^ GomoftiHueatioa hetivee« liM 4ups^ a dietancs Ml feieeediag lMli« cahle'a length, m well af/'froiii the thipe tollte^hoiMe ewMore^^ Hiw w«a^|c<^ t3|teiided, ec »? giiid* frovixdort^^he^thrrtf 'AMtm the nuddle of OctobeRihe enow hegim to iril iKMailhuEilkhM thlft durfog the eiHnmer s eiid^eooa. el^ «hii,«wjbeiiey»r It lett^titcdMb aitted entirely of very ntaote jj^tofArVaaaaniog t«riaMi fenttaJtaf cryatalUsalioni^ The meridian altitude of t|M etm iraa nbacttred this diQF by an nrtiSchd horizan, whielk. I notice htm th» «i*Dttai*' stance of its b^ng the laat ti«c we had| an optiomuilty of otennrw ing it for about Ibnr naomhsv ^ On ^e 17th and I9tb,;0iir hiintingpaniea^^>orted^thnt$thedaik> were nrare nnmefons than diey had hem before, wkidimade aa conclude, that they were aaaend»Ung their forces lor an taunMlaiia departure over the ice to the continent of Anierica, as we onfy aiii' one or two on the island after this time*- They had been metwitti, since taking up our quarters, in herds of from eight to twtntyvaad from fpffty to fifty were seen in the course of one dayw v Ana in the expeditmn, who hadniMr been frozen up duiMng a whole winter in any^of this cold eomnriai^ and I eonsulted thfcse as to the expediency ofdohig. ao. ThiefRap* caution, it would seem, is considered to be necessary^ freiai i^ possiMli^ of a #hip being hung by th^ ice attached to her beOdsy and thus prevented from rising and falling with the tide ; in conse- .*>-^l,l.«.>.«<« ' ' T " I ' .I^IT TaCI Pg^^wfwWW^, 'ii\?^9^:j?^.s-'V?li" ^^W^rs 101 ji iici ^irMciif « fifeak lilghfi enilf be torn «ui ntir mmfby the wdglM of the attip hanisintf entirely on Ihit jMiticttlir ifm* l^ww tdM««d friMiinfy amWhentioii Wk this teom, Now* manfhf lEtio#ltt|f ho«r sandl the ii80 and fall of the tldbe w«i» M iMtailicei ewi iMo by liavitt^ obterved that a apring-Cidtt caiii#d the ^lioie mass of ice in the harboit* to detach Itself from the bcteir, aioafll»HiHi«lelitie of which it splH, and WM lifted; so that both tMft^m^^Ust Mse tnd fell in a body with Ihe tide. The only i^iMStioii^'A^tefoi^y that remainedf was* whetlier the lateral expan- sion of .4i« lee flftighf not oi-eate soch a presi^re upon the water- 1km olilielihlp* aa;t6 do them some damiage. This appr^enbion wii^«wth«f iBttrsased by Liememmt Liddon*s havinr reported to aiii tt rn l hla 'oiicew ha% a nightoi^^two before, heard a load crack iboiit ibe#vi^r*e;li««ut#, which gjuvt them llie idea of somethiag •»aiiiiii(f Orftiirkig way.' I1iii noises however; which occurred vtty fMNfien^ tiyerwiiiNls, asthe cold became more itftene^, proved tolw ««ii»iiig'li«ore^lMili«t»wMdki» heard in houses la csBid oMiiiries, ^being-occatloned by the ftvcfsinf and eitpttisi^ Of 2tht jiHceii^^cMtahied in wood not thoroogMy setftolied. To put th««iiiiiiieiHoot^of^iM b#i'* ift Ifofth Allltl^a^ and which is oeeaaidned, t^elievefbyth^vi^Otfrarl^iing from" the water belnj^ condensed imoii visibfe'foi^it^thi eoldiicss ofthoatMkoipkere. Itis pr«^t^ bift^ i$ierefore# fbm «lb two eii>oomstiikcete ftowtnetitiofted, Chit * niitfott had takeirfIiiee^oii|ftheik)«ski meoflag, ptod^inj^fim dM pvessiire by whl^i^%«Miimocls wei«^rdw« op^ ahd flten a partiati separation leaving, for a time, a small space of ipfrozen ^a0i^.''' ' ■ ' • - ■■■■^••^■-' '■• -■-^. -.1.;.. . Between six and eight P,iM., wettbsmtd the Aurora Bmrealis^ :i: ':.&4 104 t^' lermia| • bro«d «rth of irregular white light, cxloiding tvm^ N.N. W. to S.8.£., the centre of the arch being ICr to the eastward of the senith. It was moat bright near the aotithcm horizon i and lkeqtient» but not vivid, coruscations were seen siMioting firom ita Uf^r side» towards the zenith. The magnetic needle wa| Mi sensibly affected by this phenomenon. > '<'> Between two and three P.M. on the Slst, the weadierbeing^s^ remarltably clear and fine« and the sun near the hcMrizcM, a pariiao lion stnng^y prismatic was seen on each side of it, at the distUMta <^ 83% resembling the legs of a raiidbow resting upon the land. On the a6th,the sun afforded na sufficient l^bt for writing and reading in my cabin, *the iitem-windows ezactiy iMing the souths Dram half past nine till half past two; for tiie rest of the feur«and- twenty houm we lived, of course, by candk^Ug^t. t Notiiing could «zceed the beauty of the sky to the south-east and south-west at sutt«rise and sun-set about this period: near the horizon there waa Sinerally a rich bluish purple, and a bright arch of deep red above» e one mingling imperceptibly with the other. The waather about this titbe was remarkably mihl, the mercury in thetherasometar having stood at or above zero for more than foi^-eight hours. By a register of tha temperature of the atniosplierey which was liept 1^ Captain Sabiike at the observatcHry, it was found that the th^momcter, invariaUy, stood at least from S" to 5% and even on one or two occasions as much as 7* higher on the outside of tim shtpsi thMi it did on shore, owii^ probiJ^y to awarm Mmesj^ere, created round tile former by the constant fires kept up on bowd. On the S9th the weaker was calm and clear^ and we remarlced, for the first time, that the smoke from the funnek scarcely roM at aU, but skimmed nearly horizonti^y along the hoosingy the th«#- momnt«ng0»»ly irith a thin coating of ice, the nmamU o|f iNhida Mquin^giMitiwiJtaoa to praimit the risk of fiijoriB§ iliMit iilMU it had flm4ttdly iiuHf4^, at thejr acquiivd the tempexi«||i|Mli the fihiB* Wliini:a candle -was pbu^d in a certain directifiii iM||| *the Intrument, irith reepeot to the obterrcr* a aiunbit ol mti^- nmviitc spkuUg 4ii tmom »nn also seen tpaHding aro^iid nielli** atrament, at ike die^mce of two ot three inches from il» o € iw >w o o e< i | ai«re«ii^pOM(l,^)r die cold |itmo8|dlicre produced by tl|B^|pP4iiN Pfvaturc of the rastr^ment alaioet4aatantaneo(uly congitnj>»K,impr ^bitt form the vi^nr whiclf floated in its immediate aaigWMMr* hood* ., ..vs. :^.-'.^, • ■,•-';'# . The aumth of I^oiv«mber commenced with mild weatheri;;id||pi8i|l^ 6«>9idniaed for the first ten days. It ie gcneralfy sup f ttee d yhji im0- nho hmre not esEfierienced Ine effects firadaccd t^n tho SsdNgs 1^ the vano^s alterations in the temperature of the at m oe yjNw ^ ^hiil the thcrmmncter is bar, that a change of 10* at 15% mahss|M,aii»« sible difference in tiie sensation «f cold ; hnt thfs la by Do ttciin tlm^case, $or it was a iieasark continusUy made aiimng 4|B» 1^ ji^ bodief appeared to adapt tbeasselvfs so neadilf to theiC)Mipt*»'t)M# the acale of our feeisra^ if I may ao cxpreiis k, wasanpi^xadiiaiHl to a lower atandardtdiaii ordinary ; so that, afiter li?ii|gf9i soniii days in a tempcmtuce of «^ l^fi* or ^n- acf « it £Blt, quite pilil Villi. cosnfortable whenthe thennomcter mac-'^zuOf,mdimm.'«f*it*S»'^-> The dill of iKovember Wng the last day that the aupiwm^dy^ dc^iendendy of die effects of refraction, be seeii jsbove ouripiMlil tiil; the 6th of Februaiy, Sn intervsd of ntncty-oiK days, i^ipif * matter of coaaidenble regret to us that the weather aiiout rw time was not suficiendy elear to allow ua ^ see and make tUlmm vations. en the dist^pearance of that lumiinry , in order that toiiiii tidnw Bii||ht brattemptcd towards 4etermii^ the apppuat iif& atmospherical jvfractton at a low temperature. . But, thongli; Ufa were not pcrautted to take a last farewd, for at least tlweaJflMlMI^ of that cheering orb, m of this great world, both eye and soid/* w« nevertheleBs fdt that this day coustituted an importw^ ju id f jl ja wft; raiUe epoch in our voyage* We had,,8ome time btfore,ael tk^ilt the preparations for our wiitt amusements i and ^ i||Katl9(^ being ready, we opened on the 5th of I^orember, with tht repeit s^tition of ifiM in her Teem., which Afforded to the mfft such J^ lirad of anuistmevyt as folly to juatify thetexpisctH^onl we hii foraied of the utilityof theatmidv^ertaunments under o^preipgll circumstances, and to determine me to foUoW them up ft^Nuj^ paiiods. I foundfindced* that e«en the occupation of ^yihf;i|| tbt dieatre, and taking it to pieces again, which employed %nipilit of the men for a day or two before and after each performancei was ti matter of no Iktle importance, whep the immediate diidini;Jnl^ sh^ appeared by no means sufficielME^for thftt purpose } foii^ldFild* O f .^1 fjii ■,'■ f^'S^lfff^f^lfff' ••K'-W;V,:' f^^^pw^^^^^^^^^ 106 *N* to 8.b.W., from whence a lew coruscations were vtnir mul ihi^ towards the zenith. From eight rM\:. 1^1 midnight on the 13th, it was again seen in a aimilar manner from ILW, to^.£.ridie brightest part being in the centre or due south. Qa the 15th, Lieutenant Beechey informed me that he had seen, intthe,N«N.W. and S.£. quarters, some light transparent clouds, J^MnwMfh columns of light were thrown upwards, resembling the ^iirfl^ Borealis; those to the south-east being opposed to a very ^1^1 aky, had a light-brofrn appearance. This phenonlienon waa il^n observed on the 16th, consisting of a bright sutionary light %i>^ $*8. W, to S.b.£., and reaching from the horizon to the heif^t tplrtHPut^ above it. s About the time of the sun's leaving us, the wolves began to ap> l^eilieh tilie ships more boldly, howling most piteously on the beach ««^. tie, sometimes for hours together, and, on one or two occa- L-l (fP^A'SfW"'*?'*?*^-"'*''*'^ "f «" ruT 108? •lom, coming iloilfiide the shipf , when evcrjr thing «»■ i||tt^tJM|. night i hut we teldiiMn saw more than one or two togethf r» an4yf tdierntfore, could liwrm no idea of theirnumber. These animalf ireil^> idways very sl^ of coming near our people, and, though eiiM^t^ auflTiping much fwm hnnger, never attempted to attack an)r?9i(4^^8% 'rhe- white foxes ,used also 10 visit the ships at nighl«#D4^o^;^* tilese (Camt Lag9fm») was Cjsught in a trap set uudajP th«^|g bows. The uneasiness dispbyed by this beautiful vrtt||»t#P»| duting the time of his confinement, whenever he heardilif^|rl|| of a wolf near the shiMt impressed us with an opinioiirit|%|^,t)i^, latter, is in the habit of hunting the fax as his, prey.. The rapidi^ with which the ice formed^ round the sh^^- npw become so greats as to employ^our pcfiplefor several, )|iiNUt§ fachdayin cutting it i and for the Itnt tJbrm^ days our iMih^ ^Vr, duping the time of twilight, could scarcely keep it cl^i;*- it was evidcntf therefore, that as the froat increi tsed> w/e coul^i iwnsimy effect UiM, and as the men alm^t 4ways got theik^ wet in sawing the iccrfrom which the most injurious, effect#^;^t|||^; ^ir health were lik«y|y to result, ^ oilers to leave (i^^u^iap^ it Miy^ore during thrseverity of the winter. The avi^pgji ^ff; * inatipn of ice round the ship^, during the time ve;;C9i|ein!|U>d ,|ipi tibmove it, was usually from three to five inches ip. tvr^tyrK^^ hours; and once it froze eight inches in twenty*six houra^tfefJAaii Clouds of a light-brown colour were seen* diveir^g|raiq(i^ A point near the horizon bearing S.W.b.8., and shootuig pei«p;ila>>fiC rays upwards at an angle of about 45* with the horizofi. »>^l|S8e rays, however, were not stationary as to their position, but i^^ occasionally extended and contracted. , From behind these^ as it S4l>peared,to us, flauihes of white light were repeatedly seen, whic^ sometimes stremned across to the. opposite horizon, aomepaMtci^, through the zenith, others at a considerable distance on,each„aM|e of it. This phenomenon continued to display itself br^l!^nUy, par half an hour, vut then became graduE.Uy f)unl»:r till i^ disfitppiarf 4* about four o'clock. The sun, at the time of the first appewnmce of this meteor, was on nearly the same bearing, and about five de- grees, below the horizon." ^ The temperature of the atmosphere having, about the- IBlh,^ be- come considembly lower than before, the cracking of the timbers I (;4 3 ■Gl t ''^ M A 1 1 m B * i m R '/?_, m m $« ^m ^ 1 m imm-' getl^ in An hour or t#o ftftef this Ml hid taVMl ^ee' in th» th«f^ A^MIfetti> Mid did not oeeul" ii|Mft it th^ •MK«^«Ni]^)«Vtflir« duHn^ tH iHtitier. The #i«id IlklWiiff fi^eiH fUditf 'ih^ lH>tlhWi»di iriiMf i hMiT iiiow^drift, Midifi thi lAin Vitly till#'*bll01^r •« fHnfithtt li|tadir«|id other VapOiif MCii«^kt6d dur)i%im«' dttht in th^lMd* ^ ' 'ibd UpM to pttteat the be^diti|f fH>M bi£«m*^ ,^tbtiticte»wi tit tHh^tHttiift OtciMii^A^ Wfthk UttM, It lAjdieiefore fottfld ni^titaifft^fie^tpit^k^ilit^iteiitibmfeHt dislv'iif nighty ^en the'ifi«»nloih«t«i' Wii*l t>eloW-v ir oi: ^ iio* eiit, eipedillV Whe'ib th« Whkd Wfti m^jhi T* Miiit III' rionrei' cU6!^<#alrtii, M ^i^A ^'t&¥e%ittAi ift Miil« «n|;lll ^fl^thrlbrtilMidii 6'F1)^'Mliediit«if MtOMtitC With th^kt^ri*^ 1^,^^ bMikM' the^Mo# Up iigahidt • th^f iideft^ if N}|(h M th^ ' niiii ) Kiid eMv»iiid^^i)t( Wef^ ftMikd l^lMd ill befer was fbtihd frdeiti Ik m'tiMkm T)i6thkrtkOkiett^«eUidiritbse^ higher th^h ^cy^'^n the loWtfi^deekf thrpn^ot the day. Qp the 26th in thf 4ibtt^ing, sbttte vifB cbitucttoabf the AtirotkBc^klis Were ottkefVcdf^kiS, tt)N.W., 100 teMlh.. ■' ;■'' '' ■' ■■^i<»< ■''* '■ ■ • ''' .ii< ■■ ■ ' iwjir. •■ S}>-^r->« ^'^fiifty ki iIm flieffiw^ii t>f tb« hero aii thit' tioMt vinaim markably clear. Soon after the moon rose this afteraoen^ il tNit ewioittlf dcfofllMNi by rtfractkw, the )6wtt edgea df ^ttadial^ «p- |Wiri«r>1iidiMt«d #iUi dMp nofckea, tod at other Unci *cbbiv mir to i»railnra eaibdiif iif>^4tght^ df tha Mme dlamoMraa iht mooii) #a«aifoi)b» MnrK^ to'dMetffid firam it to the top of the hlU^ like • piDari ao|i» pdniii» Iti On lAite and the two toUiowing stghta^ weivere otu rapi«fcf ftvtn ilVe 10 Mven houm in taking lunar diataaceain the rifliff the tftenllotAeter being from * 0ur sattanta were si»mewhai injured^ iar^a aokl weaihef, by lfee<6Meking of the silver on thehotizon andinV das glaMts, atl^ittg^'M we supposedr from the unequal conttvctiod Of dte two aubitaneas. The mercury of the artificiid horiaool A>0l&e Into asolSd mass as we were ob«enritt|f the moon^idtitude iti itt althoiigh the thermometer on ahore indicated only ^^i^aft*^ This Was probably owing to the mercury having become adultorat* ed by admixture with the lead <^ the troughSf which diapOaed it to coital ai a highar temperature thantche fraezing point of pbre mercury. *»-■•*' -;;-■-■■ ■Urr^■l^y^ ' :v . ;.- n^^-iri^' At half-pair six FiM;, on the lat of December, part of a cinru- lat halo, wiloAi radtbs was 23** ^S', wat observed round the mooni whieh was near the fbH. Part Of a wett'defined horiiiontal circle of white light, paisiag through the moon, extended also for aeveral d«greea Ott eaeh side of bar, and in the points where thik circle in* tctaect«d the hato^ were two prismatic spots of light, oirparaaelciuB» in that pan of Uie halo which was immediately over themoon, waa aaoth^f spot much brighter } and oppoaite to tt» in the loiwer part Of thedrdie, another similar|bttt machmora faint About the aama 'h i* vJ H 110 tifB% wtlM foOowing tvwing, twocoBMiMrie cInIm wm* ^ «tftir«d rvHind the nooa, the radiut of the aftjilicr being 3g*, tad of tb# hurger 46*. Upon the Inner eirde were fotirpinMckniB, ttrongb l^pflHMtiCf titoit^d with feipect to the mono ■» on the preetding 4tiyi Mii there wm elto. n farnt horizontal circle of wniie li|^ nnieing throQ^'h the nloon m before. The weather waeinc^i Dodi umie li^uicet, but there wat ttill a sort of hai»neaa Ui tht ntMoephere which prevented the heavenly bodiee being veiy dt^ • tinctfy'eeen.- - ■ • ,•.•-*!» /■■■!' On the iOdi, at two P.M., Captain Sabine obeerved ntnMdl Mm* teer fall in the direction of N.N.W. from thethipe, •inilarlftcha'^ metir and appearance to that teen on the Mth of Nnveonber, «t« cipt that the light wan not so vivid, and it'waa e^tingiiiahedr ili^ atrad of ^burning more fiercely, before it reached the earth. Abottt ^Stm time we were a good deal annoyed for some daya together bjr lile thermometer continuing higher than uaualt t^ wind being Irom me E.S.£.y which caused a considerable degtvt of dampneta hetween deelcs, in consequence of the ice thawing in eveky crevien <#here it could not readily be removed in any other way. Thia annojrance could only be got rid of by constant wiping, andhy in* a«aung^e fires for the time : bu^ when the thermometer fell to 15* or to* below zero» it again became solid, and cease4 toba an hiieonvenience.' .- - ., On the 14ch of December, the day was beautifully eerene ai^ dear, and there waa more redness in the southern slcv about tooon, than there had been for many days before ; the tints, inortion of highly-concentrated acid In dM can* St^^.whichf in most .instances, was found to have leaked oav M \% when the ice was thawed, it was little better than wat«r» Tldb «viL increased to a very alarming degree in ^e course of the wla* ter: some cases being opened in which more than two-thlrdaMNt the lemon-juice was thus destroyed, and the remainder re^riA nearly inefficient. It was at first supposed that this accident miriit have been prevented by not quite filling the bottles, but U waa afterwards touhd, that the corks flying out did not save than fiwtf breaking. We observed that the greatest damage was done i» Ihose cases which were stowed nearest to the ship's side, anl w% therefore, removed all the rest amidshiM, a precaution whfob^ had it been sooner known and adopted, would probably have praveatad, at least, a, part of the mischief. The vinegar, also, becaoie frotiH in the casks in the same manner, and lost a great d«ial of ita acidi- ty when thawed. This circumstances conferred an additional value on a few gallons of very highly concentrated vinegar* which had. been sent out on trial, upon this and the preceding voyage, and which» when mixed with six or seven times its own quatttity of water* was sufficiently acid for every purpose. , This vinegar, when exposed ^ the temperature of 25* below zero* congealed^only into a consistence like that^ of the thickest honey, but was never au^ fioiently hard to break any vessel which contained it. Thew can be.no doubt, therefore, that on this account, as well at to save stowage, this kind of vinegar should exclusively be used in these regions ; and, for similar reasons, of stiU greater impoirtance* the lemoo-iuice should be concentrated. On the 19th, the weather being fine and clear, the Aurora B»> realis appeared frequently at different times of the day« generallv from the south to the W.N.W. quarters, and not very vivid. From eight P.M. till midnight, hoiyever, it became more brilUant, apd broke out in every part of the heavens,.heing generalfy most bri^ from .8.8. W. to.S. W., where it h^d the appearance of emaromg from behind a dark cloud about five degrees above the hoi4zmi» We could not, however, help ieeling. some IdjaappoifOiment in nol havrag yet witnessed this beautiful pheaomenon in any degree of 1 In \ \ 112 ptHbetiom «rtilcli €o«ld lit conpared to thtt w^hmtmn m IImc mi^^rin the iUtuCic absiit A« mum latitadc m thcM idandt* On tlMotonifaMor thetodi, 4m Aaron BmwIU •gftk «uid« in mmmmc n tm OK N.W., wMck wm mmw m the aonliwwd thm •Mud} it Imit rcMMbltd cm MMdl bright cIomU, the om mm^ touthiwthe odier, and behig ifcottt Mvcn dtrnmntkov tha h6> riseo* TheM mnttined qnit« ttntionMry lor hdKnn honr,«ndtlitn broke up into •trtams shooting mpidl^ towards th« onnith. We had now reached the thorteet day (Dec. gBd),and sueh was the oeonation which we had hitherto contrived to find during the first halt of our long and gloomy winter, that the aiiicicnese with wUeh it had come upon us was a enbject of general remaifc. 80 bit^ indeed, were we from wanting that occupation of which I had baes«pptehensive,espcclally among the men, that it accidentallf ciiie to my knowledge, about thie period, that ihejr comphuned of ■at havfaBg time to mend their dochcs. This complaint I was aa jjiad t» hear, as desirous to wctify { and I therefore ordered that, in mxuk, one afternoon in each vieek ahould be set mide fpr that par- iftinlarpin'poee. The dreumetances of our situation being such as have never before 4)eeurred to the ewws of any of his majesty's ships, it may not, nMtiiqM» be considered wholly unintereetiog to know in iHint manner our time was thus so fully occupied throughout the lon|[ and severe winter, wiiich it was our lot to experience, and parti- Cttiai4y during a three moMi'e interval of nearly total daikneae* Tlie ofikers and quarter'^masters were divided into four watehes, ider of the ; undUsturb- both decks mvve wcU rubbed with Mones and warm sand before «igbt «/clp(9c,«(t which time, as usual at eea, both oflicers and men w«ht to bfetdcfost. Hiree quarters of an hour being allowed after break- Cut for the nMtt to prepare diemselves for muster, we then heat to ^visions pwnctuaUy at a quarter past nine, when every person on bowrd attended on the quarter-deck, and a strict inspection of the mnn took place, as to their personal cleaaliness, and tht good con- ^^tibn, aa wte& as sufficient warmth, of their dothing. The reports of thenfibers having been made to me, Uie peo^e were then d- lowed to walk about, or, more usually, to run round the nnpar dock, while I wem down to examine the atate of that below, ac- eompaniedt as I before mentioned, by Lieutenant Beeohey and Mr. lid wards. The stiite of this dede ma^jr be said, indeed, to have oonstituted «he chief aource of our anxiety, and to have occupied hjp^for'Ae greatest share of our attention at this period. When<^ ever imy diumpness appeared, or, whit more frequently happened, any aeenmulailon of ice taking place during the preceding night, the neeeiaaif«aaMlrei« immediately adopted »» removing it; 113 .A.,^ Su^iL^i^ in Ihe former case uiuaOy by rubbing the wood with clothi, and then directing the warm uir-pipc towards the place^} and in the latter, by scraping off the ice so as to prevent its wetting the deck by any accidental increase of temperature. In this respect the bedopfaces were particularly troublesome ; the inner partition, or that next the ship's side, being almost invariably covered with more or less dampness or ice» according to the temperature of the deck during the preceding nisht. This inconvenience might to a great degree have been avoided, by a sufficient quantity of fuel to keep up two good fires on the lower deck, throughout the twen- X-four hours ; but our stock of coab would by no means permit is, bearing in mind the possibility of our spending a second win- ter within Uie Arctic circle } and this comfort could only, there- fore, be allowed on a few occasions, during the most severe part of the winter. In the course of my examination of the lower deck, I had al-, ways an opportunity of seeing those few men who were on the sick list, and of receiving from Mr. Edwards a report of their res- pective cases i as also of consulting that gentleman as to the meana of improving the warmth, ventilation, and general comfort of the inhabited parts of the ship. Having performed this du^f we re- turned to the upper deck, where I personally inspected the men ( after which they were sent out to walk on shore when the weather would permit, till noon, when they returned on board to their din- ner. When the day was too inclement for them to take this exer- cise, they were ordered to run round and round the deck, keeping step to a tune on the organ, or, not unfrequently, to a song of their own singing. Among the men were a few who did not at first quite like this systematic mode of taking exercise ; but when they round that no plea, except that of illness, was admitted as an ex- ciise, they not only willingly and che;rfuUy complied, but made it the occasion of much humour and f .coi;c among themselves, v The officers, who dined at two o'clock, ti^ere also in the habit of occupying one or two hours in the middle of the day in ramblins on shore, even in our darkest period* except when a fresh wind and a heavy snow-drift confined them within the housmg of the ships. It may be well imagined that at this period there was but little to be met with in our walks on shore^ which could either amuse or interest us. The necessity of not exceeding the. limited distance of one or two miles, lest a •now-drift, which often rises very suddenly, should prevent our return, added considerably tp the dull and tedious monotony which, day after day, presented iU self. To the southward was the sea, covered with one unbroken surface of ice, uniform in its dazzling whiteness* except that, in some parts, a few hummocks were seen thrown up somewhat above the general leveL Nor did the land offer much ipreater variety, be- ing almoat entirely covered witib snow» except here and there a P 114 brown patch of bare ground in tome exposed situations, where the wind had not allowed the snow to remain. When viewed Arom the summit of the neighbouring hilb, on one of those calm and clear days, which not unfrequently occurred durine the winter, the scene was such as to induce contemplations, which had* perhaps, more of melancholy than of any other feeling. Not an object was to be seen on which the eye could long rest with pleasure, unless when directed to the spot where the ships lay, and where our little co- lony was planted. The smoke which there issued from the seve- ral fires, affording a certain indication of the presence of man, gave a partial cheerfulness to this^oart of the prospect; and the sound of voices which, during the cold weather, could be heard at a much greater distance than usual, served now and then to break the si- lence which reigned around ua» a silence far difTerent from that peaceable composure which characterises the landscape of a citld- vated country ; it was the death-like stillness of the most dreary desolation, and the total absence of animated existence. Such, in- deed, was the want of objects to afford relief to the eye, or amuse- ment to the mind, that a stone of more than usual size appearing above the snow, in the direction in which we were going, imme- diately became a mark, on which oi'.r eyes were uncoasciously fixed, and towards which we mechanically advanced. Dreary as such a scene must necessarily be, it could not, how- ever, be ssttd to be wholly wantinip; in iiMereat, especially when as^ sociated in the mind widbi the peculiarity of our sitOatiMi, the ob- ject whick had brought u& liCther, and thei hopes which tbt least sanguine among us amnctimea entertained, of speadiw a part of our next inntef in tbemore ga»ial climate of the South<#eiiislaBCb. vPerhajn, too, though none of us then ventured to confess it, ^ur ^UMight| would sometimes involuntarily wamikr homewards, >i^ instittite a comparimn bHwecn the ruraed face of nature in Uiis desolate regioQ, and die Uvelier aspect of the happy land which we had left behind us. We had frequent occasion, io our Walks on shore, to remark l^e deception wh^ch takes place in estimating the distance and magni- tude of objects, when viewed over an unvaried surface of sdow. Jt was not uncommQU fior'ua fo direct owe steps towards what we took to be a lar^ mass of stone, at the distance of half 9 mile from us, but which we were able to take up in our hands after one minute's walk. This was nu>re particularly the case when ascend- ing the brow of a bill, nor did we find that the deception became less, on account of the frequency with whkh we experienced itis effects. .- , \ , ■'# ■' . In the aiWmoon the men were usually occu|^ed in d1ra#ing^ and knottmg yarns, aiMl in making points and gaskcits ; a never-failing resource, where is^re occupatiou is required, and which it was ne- cessary to perform entirely on the lower d«ck, the y«ms becomhsg • 115 so hard and britde, when exposed on deck to the temperature of the atmosphere, as to be too stifF for working, and very easily bro- Jcen. I may in this place remark* that our lower rigging became extremely slack during the severity of the winter, and gradually tightened again as the spring returned ; effects the very reverse of those which we had anticipated, and which I can only account for by the extreme dryness of the atmosphere in the middle of winter, and the subsequent increase of moisture. At half-past five in the evening, the decks were cleared up, and at six we again beat to divisions, when the same examination of the men and of their births and bed-places took place as in the morning; the people then went to their supper, and the officers to tea. After this time the men were permitted to amuse themselves as they pleased, and games of various kinds. Ah well as dancing and singing occasionally » went on upon the lower deck till nine o'clock* when they went to bed* and their lights were extinguished. In order to guard against accidents by fire, where so many fires and Hghts were necessarily in use, the quarter-mastera visited the lower deck every half hour during the night, and made their re- port to the officers of the watches that all was, in this respect, safe below ; and to secure a ready supply of water in case of fire, a hole was cut twice a day in the ice, close alongside each ship. It is scarcely necessary to add, that the evening occupations of the offi- cers were of a more rational kind than those which engaged the- attention of the men. Of these* reading and writing were the principal employments* to which were occasionally added a game at chess, or a tune on the flute or violin, till half-past ten, about which time we all retired to rest. Such were the employments which usually occupied us for six days in the week, with such exceptions only as dircumstances at the time suggested. On Sundays, divine service was invariably performed, and a sermon read on board both ships ; the prayer appointed to be daily used at sea being altered, so as to adapt it to the service in which we were engaged, the success which had hitherto attended our efforts* and the peculiar circumstances under which we were at present placed. The attention paid by the men to the observance of their religious duties, was such as to reflect upon them the highest credit, and tended in no small degree M the preservation of that regularity and good conduct, far which, with very few exceptions, Uiey were invariably distinguished. Our theatrical entertainments took place regulai^ once a fort- night, and continued to prove a source of infinite amusement to thejAien. Our stock of plays was so scanty, consisting only of one^ two volumes, which happened accidenjidly to be on board, that it was with difficulty we could find the means of varying the performances sufficiently ; our authors, therefore, set to work, and produced, as a Christmas piece, a musical entertainment, expressly »l !f If /J > pi P i i\ 116 adapted to our audience, and having such a reference to the ler- vice on which we were engaged, and the success we^had so far ex- perienced, as at once to afford a high degree of present recreation, and to stimulate, if possible, the sanguine hopes which were enter- tained by all on board, of the complete accomplishment of our en- terprise. We were at one time apprehensive, that the severity of the wekther would have prevented the continuance of this amuse- ment, but the perseverance of the officers overcame every difficulty ; and, perhaps for the first time since theatrical entertainments were invented, more than one or two plays ^ere performed, on board the Hecla, with the thermometer below zero on the stage. The North Georgia Gazette^ which I have already mentioned, was a source of great amusen^ent, not only to the contributors, but to those who, from diffidence of their own talents, or other reasons, could not be prevailed on to add their mite to the little stock of literary composition, which was weekly demanded ; for those who declined to write were ncit unwilling to read, and more ready to triticise than those who wielded the pen ; but it was that good-hu- moured sort of criticism that could not give offence. The subjects handled in this paper were, of course, various, but generally ap- plicable to our own situation. Of its merits or defects it will not be necessary for me to say any thing here, as I find that the officers, who were chiefly concerned in carrying it on, have agreed to print- it for the entertainment of their friends ; the publisher being at li;- berty, after supplying each with a certain number of copies, to dis- pose of the rest. The return of each successive day had been always very deci- dedly marked by a considerable twilight for some time about noon, that on the shortest dtiy being sufficient, to enable us to walk out very comfortably for nearly two hours. There was usually, in clear weather, a beautiful arch of bright red light, overspreading the southern horizon for an hour or two before and after noon, the light increasing, of course, in strength, as the sun approached the meridian. Short as the day now was, if indeed any part of the twenty-four hours could properly be called by that name, the reflec- tion of light from the snow, aided occasionally by a bright moon, was at all times sufficient to prevent our experiencing, even under the most unfavourable circumstances, any thing like the glcomy night which occurs in more temperate climates. Especial care was taken, during the time the sun was below the horizon, to pre- serve the strictest regularity in the time of our meals, and in the various occupations which engaged our Attention during the day j and this, together with the gradual and imperceptible mann|r in which the days had shortened, prevented this kind of life, so novel to us in reality, from appearing very inconvenient, or indeed like any thing out of the commdn way. It must be confessed, how- p\tr, that we were not sorry to have arrived|l|^ without any serious 117 suffering, at the shortest day ; and we watched, with no ordinary dcffree of pleasuret the slow approach of the returning siin. We had generally found the ice to crack near the shore» as I have already had occasion to observe, about the second day after the new and full moon, in consequence of the highest tides taking place at that time ; but this was not the case in the present lunation ; the separation of the ice from the beach not having taken place tiU the 22d, or five days and eight hours after the time of the new moon. This retardation of the tides may, perhaps, have arisen from the circumstance of the moon and sun having both had their greatest south declination about the usual time of the highest spring- tide. It may possibly have been affected also by fresh gales from the eastward, which blew on the 17th and 18th. On Christmas day the weather was raw and cold, with a con- siderable snow-drift, though the wind was only moderate from the N.W. ; but the snow which falls during the severe winter of this climate is composed of spiculae so extremely minute, that it re- quires very little wind to raise and carry it along. To mark the day in the best manner which circumstances would permit, divine service was performed on board the ships ; and I directed a small increase in the men's usual proportion of fresh meat as a Christ- mas-dinner, as well as an additional allowance of grog, to drink the health of their friends in England. The officers also met at a so- cial and friendly dinner, and the day passed with much of the same kind of festivity by which it is usually distinguished at home ; and, to the credit of the men be it spoken, without any of that disorder by which it is too often observed by seamen. A piece of English roast-beef, which formed part of the officer's dinner, had been oti board since the preceding May, and preserved without salt during that period, merely by the antiseptic properties of a cold atmos- phere. Between eight and nine A.M. on the 26th, the wind freshened up very suddenly to a strong breeze from the northward and west- ward, and during that hour the thermometer rose from — 20° to —6% In the afternoon the wind became moderate and variable in its direction, and the thermometer had again fallen to — 17° at midnight, and continued to fall very gradually for the four follow- ing days, till on the 30th it had reaoied ■— 43% being the lowest temperature we had yet experienced. During the whole of that interval the weather was neariy calm, and very fine and clear, and at half past seven A.M. on the 30th, the me^< nry in the barometer stood at 30.755 inches, being the highest we ' i yet seen it during the^oyage. The colours of the southern & j near the horizon were observed to be remarkably prismatic at noon on ^at day. A great many frost-bites occurred about this time, principally in the men's feet, even when they had been walking, quickly on shore for exercise. On examining their boots,* Mr. Edwards remarked, ■A <■■" il A '■>' ©Pis 118 that the stiflheM of the thick leather, of whidi they were made, was such aa to cramp the feet, and prevent the circulation from going on freely, and that this alone was sufficient to account for their feet having been frost-bitten. Being very desirous of avoid- ing these accidents, which, from the increased sluggishness with which the sores healed, were more and more likely to affect the general health of the patients by long confinement, 1 directed a pair of canvas boots* Imed with blanketing, or some other woollen stuffy to be made for each man, nsing raw hide as soles ; this conv pletely answered the desired purpose, aa scarcely any fros:t-bite8 in the feet afterwards occurredy except under circumstances of very severe exposure. On the 3l8t of December, another striking instance occurred of the simultaneovi rise in the wind and the thermometer* At two A.M. the latter stood at — S8% but the wind freshening up to m Strang breeze from the nordiward and eastward, and afterwards from the S.S.E. in the course of the day, the thermometer gradual^* ly rose at the same ume, and stood at ^- 5* at midnight ; thus clos- ing the year with milder weather than we had enjoyed for the d^t preceding weeks. CHAPTER VI. Jfirst J^fftariumt of 3cur^-~the Jiurora BonaU$ and other Jt&UO' roU^^tA PJmomena—Pmtt of fAe Wolves— Be-appearance (^ the Su%fm.Mhctreme low Tanperature^—Deetrwiiion (^tne Ebuse on Shore hy Fire^r'^P'* P^**'^^'9 oecasimud hfi this Jceident, ' THE mild weather with which the new year commenced was not of long duration $ for, as the wind gradually moderated, the thermomieter slowly fell once more to the average temperature of the atmosphere at this season. The quantity of snow which had fidlen at^ii^ime was so sm^l, that its general depth on shore did not exceed one or two inches, except wnere it had drifted into the ravines and hollows. At ten A.M., on the 1st, a hdo, whose radios vhts 32° 30\ with three paraselene, which were very lumi»> otM, but not tinged wi^ the prismatic colours, was seen aboig the moon> aimihnr to that described on the 1st of December ; and on the following day the same phenomenon occurred, with the addi- tion W» vertical stripe of white light proceeding from the upper imd lower limbs of tho»moon, and forming, with a part of the hori- ^■ ; ."«.M y *"' 119 zontal circle seen beforif the appearance of a cross. »Thtre was also at times an arc of another circle touching the halo^ which sometimes reached almost to the zenith, and chimged the urtensity: of its light very, frequentljr, not unlike the Aurora Borealit. I received this morning the first unpleasant report of the scurvy having made its appearance among us : Mr. ScaUon, the gunner of the Hecla» had for some days past been complaining of pains in his legs, which Mr. Edwards at first took to be rheumatic, but which, together with the appearance of his gums, now left no^ doubt of the sjrmptoms being scorbutic. It is so uncommon a thing for this disease to make its first appearance amodg the of- ficers> that Mr. Edwards was naturally curious to inquire into the cause of it ; and at length discovered that Mr. Scallon's bedding was in so damp a state, in consequence of the deposit of moisture in his bedi-place> which I have before mentioned^ as to lesive no doubt that to this circumstance, as the immediate exciting causey his illness might justly be attributed. The difficulty of preventHig this deposit of moisture, and the consequent accumulattoa d ice» was much greater in the officers' bcd^places than in those of the mea» in ccmquence of the former bein^ necessarily pltMted In close contact with the ship's sides, and formmg an immediate communi- cation, as it were, with the external atmosphere ; whereas, in the latter, there was a vacant interval of eighteen inches in width in- terposed between them. To prevent, as much as possible, there- fore, the ii^urious effects of this evil upon the health of the offi- cers, I appointed certain days for the u?ing of their bedding by the fires, as well as for that of the ships' companies. Every attention was paid to Mr. Scallon's case by the medical {"Mltiemen, and all our anti-scorbutics were put in requisition for His recovery: these consisted principally of preserved vegetable soaps, lemon-ji|ice, and su|^r, pickles, preserved currants and gooseberries, anid si»iice«beer. I began alsc about tl^s time to raise a smi^ qttantity of mustard and treSs in my cabin, in small • shallow boxes filled with mould, and placed along the stovc«pipe; by these means, even in the severity of th« winter,: we ooi:dd gene- ndly ensure ti c^op at ^e end of thd sixth or seventh di^ after sowing the seed, whichy by keeping several boxes at work, would- gi«* to two or ihrM scorbutic patients neariy an ounce, of salad each daily, even ^ough the necesfary economy in our ooab did not allow of the fire being kept in at night. Had this been allow'i^^ able, and a proper apparatus at hand for the purpose, there is ng^ doubt that it might have been raised much more rapidly ; and thoMf wlNgpre aware how perfect a specific a very small quanti^ of fresh^ vegetable substance is fcv the scurvy, will, perhaps, agree with me in thinking that such an appnrauis woida form a very viduable appendage to be applied occasionally to the cabin-stove, lltt mus- ti]rd«nd cress thus raised were necessarily colourlessj from the I f 120 #; ) privation of light, but, as far as we could Ju«Ig«, they poiaeued the same pungent aromatic taste as if grown under ordinary cir- cumstances. So effectual were these remedies in Mr. Scallon*i case, that, on the ninth evening from the attack* he was able t» walk about on the lower deck for some time, and he assured me that he could then ** run a race." On the morning of the 4th, a cross appeared about the moon, consisting of vertical and horizontal rays of white light, similar to those described on the Sd, but unaccompanied by any halo. The thermometer was at —44* in the early part of the day; but the wind freshening to a strong breeze from the northward, the temperature of the atmosphere was considerably raised, at usual,, Ae thermometer having got up to --SS* at ten P.M. The tem- perature, of die holds in me fore-part of the ship was now ^ne- rally as low as 22% that of the necla's lower deck being •eldooi above iff, except during the ships companies meals. The 7th of January was one of the most severe da^s to the feelings which we experienced during the winter, the wrad being strong from the northward with a heavy drift, and the theripiome* ter continuing from — 38* to •— 40*. It is impossible to conceive any thing more inclement than such a day, when we eould with diffici|lty pass and repass between the two ships, and were glad to keep, every person cloately confined on board. At half pait five P.M., on the 8th, the Aurora Borealis wu seen fcorusca,tion8 of the Aurora Borealis were observed to dart with inconceivable rapidly acrbu the heavens from W.N.W. to E.S.E., from horizon to horizoi|| and pas«ing4iuout 25* to the south of the zenith. At noon to-day, the temperature of Uie. atmosphere had got down to 49* below zero, being the greatest degree of cold which we had yet experi- enced; but the weather being quite calm, we walked on shore for an hour without inconvenience, the sensatiion of cold dep«(pding much more on the degree of wind at the time, than on the abaolvite temperature of the, atmosphere, as indicatfed by the thermometiBr. In several of the accouits i^ven of those countries in whichan inf" tense degree of natural cold is experienced, some effects are attii-^ buted to it wluch ceitaiidy did not come under pur observation in the comse of this winter. The first of these is the dreadful aen- sation said to be produced on the lungs, causing them to feel •§ if }>, sm 121 «t i fro fsunder, when the air is tiiluiled at a very low teinperature. o tucfi sensatioil was ever ex^rienced by us, though Iti going >in the cabins into the open air, and vict versdt me m^f^ con- ^^tly In the habit for some months of undergoing a ctaiigt of from 80* to 100*^ and, in several instances, 130* of tem^ratiiro In leto than one iniiiiite; aM Wh^t la stIU more ettraordiiOiiy, not a single inflamn^isory complaic;^ beyond a slight cold, which win cui%d by cpotifnbn care in a day or two, occulted during this pafi. ticula^f period, the aecdiid IsV t)K^ vapour with which the afr 6f aip inhipted rooil^ is eharged, condensing into tl showai* of siibw, immediately «*s t^e opening of 4 door or window, conimunicairng with th«f ettemat atmosphere. This goes osuch beyoncl any thiiig that we had an, opportunity of o^erving. MTfaat iiapfMsned #itE u4 was siinply this: on the opening of the doors at the top ahd: bdit- tom of ^dr hatchway ladder^, ilie vapour was immedutety com- densed by the sudden admission of the cold air, into a visiblo form, exactly resembling a verv tttibk smolke, which settled on dl the pannels of the doors and bulk-heads, and immediately fmze, by which means the latter were covered with a ttuck coating o£ iee, VvKich it was necessary freqtientty to scrape pffi but we never, tp my knowledge, witnessed the eoltversion of the vapour int6 #0w, during Its felL * * > ■ : On the evenitigf of the 15th, the Uosphere being clear and «ei»nej we were gratified by^il^iilit of thronly very brilliant and divehiified disphiy df AuroralSfj^iai^, which occurred dttHng t^ whold winter; and I believe if tor^ almost imposstblefdr n^ida to give an idea of the beau^ atfd variety which diis mf^ific^t phe* nocnenbn displayed; lanHiii leiit'ee^in, that no ^criptiio^ of ijaine can convey an adeiiiiate C^nceptfOri of it, and I ^Ms^fore ghidly avail myself of the fdUoii^l^iiccouot, by Captiiti Sabine, which was furnished by myre^t^lttlte time for ipMation in my JtivmsA. ■ ' '■''■' ■' ^- ^'-- h----w'^ :■;■. ■•^"' ^**^r. Edward»|from Whom wfefiir^^eard that the Aurora iriia vtsiUe, described^ it as forming ^cbnUpete a|xh, having its Ibgp nearly north and aaiuth df each bdiC^^aiiid |^ a Uttfe tb the eastward of tijc 2^«^. When^l %eir:dpoii die ice, the arcli had broken up » towsisda th^ ioirthCim hoiizdn was tlie otdinarv Aurora, such as #e bad Metyseeii on Clear nighta, being a pa^ Irght, apparently tsstifing iH>ni ' biau#' an obscure ^toud^at lh»ii six to twelve degt%ie8dfaltitude^Cxi«ydhiflnore or lesa towards the east or west on diilferent ntghts^llit^llifierent tidies of tht same ntgh^ baving no determined oenn^e'or ^nt of biseetibii, tht greater part, mid evett at time* the whilts if 'the' kiminoua app^- ancel)eing soi^etitoes to the eait, ^ sbfiiiCtimet to the^&t (^ sotith, but rarely seen in the northern horizon, of beyond the di^ and W^t points of the heav^. This cott^bponds With the jtorcni most commonly noticed in Britain, except that it is there it^ctt- ) ^-CV..,.v., ♦ 122 * / liar to the notf^»^ ^t here to the^.^pintheiiiilf!^. ocMsioiuaiy I •hoowj; upward* in WJ1B an4 rf^^^ It watf net Aii- ) tmixiOiedby any unusual brilliancy gr e>tti|t on this occasion, the si^endid part of the phcn^enon being dtttache^ and apnareta^ quite d:sti9ct. , ' av '^T ' , **W^ ^»«»«»o»»^J^ir^i» in^irrei;^nM«8ei, itwiiia- teediyiiiedbya pltoe>ttsing thwwKfi thJn^i^dJim^^^ ti^ conliued, during the time I saw it, ta the elttern ^e 6f the mgb, •"<* ^ «■**«% PP*JiW and m liiHrg^ #i^ ii t^ . jpLlE. thaneUewhere. Mir. ^uiy and I noticed^ W^^ wwtwhcrf the Aurora was very Jbrilliant, the stars ifbiilii^u^ It were somewhat dimmed, thoajgli thra re^di^k is ccni^Y to foe- mer eiperience, ^ «The diltribution af light has been described as irregubr and in constant chanj^e j the various masses, howerer«,a|jfemed to have a tendency to amilnge themselves into twQ arches, one passing near uie zenith, and a second a^ut midway between the zetiitti ubd horizon,' both having generally a north and se as quickly disi^ed as forced. At one time ii jiart oltHe.'iMrch iear the zenith was bint into cpnvolutions, resembling thQ^ qf a in^e ii| mMion^ iiiid nn- dulatM|g rapidly, an app^aran^ whi^hVe fiad nttt ^ore observed. The etl^ towards the nor^ & J»*6?jrit like a shepberd's croo^» which IS not uncommon, ^J^fflliailt'V) <^l|mpaf« m li^t nrb- dttccd bv an Aurora wiA^^KI**? »r»«^? ^g^L S^ J^^^ nunWing to too «ceaia ^a^nce, or what i. wo**^»W» ij'g^ dM^^mbev wWch WM alao gettli^f into the habit of «««»Tj;2 i^oiog aW ror .omf timer |!^9t^o;b^«.«H^.<^^^^ kSi iiiia covered with blood, havS8^ no doubt, Wntamed a JSrS:oiuiter with a «wl« w^ wl»odi i^e t^ced to a c<^i»de. f|g^ STttdttC^^he daily afloWance of that essential article to thrfe- qoartera jTOie :uawai«M;tipn^bein« thrgs^iuarters of «^^^f^ man: this, he was of opinion, under all circumstances, i^^wpp ex^ If* ?hI; w Md^nt f dtt^ to order t«* tmvm atuppLy in tboM ctMt of aaeor. AriHlfifijItiMO P.M;, •^tolMkltA'ludo of Ji*ll»li«llt MM ntiTM ^dr^^moo,^ Hi ridki#S3S«ifi<0r imSTS^ir^lS^ be 8«(^ by the wUd «iy« i Mam, l»>weireK i«*at i4^£SllZ)J>v Mffht « OOi oeriod. miiii«;d» «lie end of liSuwyi^SrS open lome of our porte, in orderto admit atiiisienilii^ &> Hi* «arpentefi and annouiier io^oilp by^ and tbeae weie AnlmMa wpairinjg the maht^opsail-yavd* that we m|gl|tj|SleasMSdome ahewof^commendngour.«ewe^«iipawntforiii». ' ',;-rj.7T^^ ^^ Oh the lat abd 9dbf Februarj^ the wsmhtr:mfmmi^'kia»^ao «jj, but the Sd waa a. beantifiiUy olnnr /|Bd, odb di^# ,/^ cnht AiM., acroaa, conabtmirL^ ^^^|^^^^^■^^^T^: 3^*1.^ t**^^ ^ oepi|iii» the Mtb ofi^^van^bii^i^lSiad fLT^^^^^'"^ ^^»^^mym tliaii.|||»S5^SS !^*Tni:?*i?i? 2«*«^«Sfirettly, >iPh» 1^ 2?^!i *; be «boat haif its dhmteter^bove Ihe lMd^ii^thtfv£«C }M!iofe ariiotmt iiw5SE tM AWign Borealia, tiie Hght ahraya^ij^a^^^^ahoorii^iNiid^ .....y^... ..^.-i IS5 # u m oMtt umal » tl»« ph«iiogiiea9a« The bNidtli of tbit colano, wlMoli «i» vitlWe for ttwit tbrnt^utmrf of^ w hour Mort wd over Ab« tlxAJpiMsis the sun svM. ; ;^ , ..v » ^ u Oii.wi«rdr#l»*iow» in »he eourw of thijwlntw, there was «ft Mi «ni9<» m4%9 twthem horizon v«iy much TiffiinbHiig lawl M aTl^ tfiattmcfi. a*hU apptniMfo wtl^r^ittiiuwrtly weU d«. finSiMid MeiM4 to tftvvuiiate w nvfiy «fiir(ii|it Md HfCiilea omU'- kAfe#» JS*l|.tb« Auro»» BowiiU* wtawdvi^r ftrtjOy in^h^i^ toDttlftineolwhice light* extending from 9, to 8.8.W., and ab6iit 0M»^ ^ hori»on>v l^rom iMoe tUl islcirenr U was amin aaeil ^UM^ataMomary, and ^relfy^feim, fw8|i#.S.Wi to W.N.W., a| mfi^o or ifoiir d«gK«<» of altitttdo. y €api#i» jlabinehad, foraope tl«fe pwi, kiptopa of thi neadlaa ^lldlijlelfrmli^ff tho »n|ai^ii^4f %,iwgn«ti« force, luabej- Sedp^ MtiafiiqifHili! thiP U could be doiia^w board t^ ahinai IS^^^^m^mm^m^^ fMB4# ¥««i»d her moiia ^^'^^ iiibcd by.iaay.ad¥SB%l^ pi*ta «)f Jp!9|»*p4^ ^M K^ody*Jed Ift it l^JI ..,4^5Si&^irt^^!^ai«iiiH*|ggb^ aiin^»hidi waMo dhjf. i on the •tkmmmmmM^^^ i#'inati!upMit left tg atand , m ■!iyMtdS;^»^^ ^u' hotiacii^ and on the eastern side of it, at Ac distance of i2\ tbS££'irri!2£!K*»y-M«»»«» ^^ tight •'«!«* tUl roar, tfje JS;;; for .wi, Urn tho^tiyiriSSJU twenty toot pj •d4W^ «•!«;. t© iafct ui Sr^to^ •3SS Jy the tmwiliture of provi«<» tnd tioti -S^ wdghed in ectlem erects ««» t^ bmh for Ae^SSS|^i«»SJ whenever the weiither would permit thU to Se •oSSSST^* 2!rft «» •CWW oT Aelo|ttry to mf^!^^fSS^Zm vps likely to retalt from ^ m^ilty rtrnm^^^^t^ •eMipi toollNce,^^ i%SpS^SS«nS^^ fMr.v nml wn ttM* jwd ni^^ it could no loager be tnic^ i it wa« h^se filbefe ^^S. northern M^. On lateilSJtS 1^. i '^1^ UKT tht tnttfter of the hteycntTwiei jptreelved t larger portion of Mother md ninter erelL of pole red, or orwige, commeneing tt the hori- XOD in the E.b.N., and Attending to 60* of altitude in the N.N.E., io aa evidently net to fonti a part of the weetem arch. Captain flabine afterwards observed the wh61e phenomenon to alter iu po* altion, the leg 6f the eaatem arch shifting conaiderably noire to th« aiNithward. In the evening the Aurora Berealll was seen, form* l0fn confused and irregular areh of white li|^ cootinttalljr visry* ing iif^ghtness, about 8* high in the Centre, and eslendi»g fton S;d.E., round by the west, to N.N.W. From the upper part of this arch, col^lscations occssionalty shot upwards, and a few stream* ersilowand then burst forth also fi^m th% horizon in the 8.8.1^ } thtse tatter went nearly up to the zenith, while the rest were mora fafo^ and did not reach so high. I am «oniidefit» that Aldebaratt and the Pleindes were very sensibly dimmed by the most vivid of the coruseatioos, which appeared, in this respect, not to diiTer from ukf thin vapour or doua floatiaig in the acmiftphere. Hie gold leif of th^ electrometer, as well as the mngtietic needle suspended In uie observatory, was carefully attended to^ biift neither of them Biiifei^d any sensible disturbance. KttMr oh the foUdWing morning, th« wind increased fifom the JfMMvi, and ci^tihued to blow a slroi^ breeze ftboi that qopfft^v j^ ft heavjr snow-drift, till towards nooh, on 4le 10th. At a qi^iNer past sii f^M., <>n that day/ the^ Aurora began to ap^ ill thi i^oth and S.W., |h detached, and i|0t very brilliant pencils of ra^ dirting tipi^sMs litki ^ear 0t h^riton. ; Soon al'ter, an iivli of the\ISuai broken and irreflgi|lar kind appeired in the weitem qui#«ih* <>f the hea#en|, extendtiig llbih ^^W. to south, i)nd being mms*W9^ highihtm centre. From ibe uppfr pirt of the arch prtlceeded a few tslnt cetit^r%efined arch crols* ed ovier front' &£. toi9;W.b.Nl, gii^hrd^ the tibrthern side of tbealeilith, from #hlch it Was disOUi ftpi to* to U« in the cen- trie. This arch was vei^ narrow, and tteeihed to be formed ^ two parts^^ch iiiodtin| willr great rai^dity from thosl ptrts whero th^legs stood; ai^j6iilin| in tie centre. In a i^ort tinie this s«c6ni| arch entirely disappeiired, and thie first became less bril- liant. The phenotneoon was tliea for some tninutes confined to some briglil ptftfcils of rays in the iouth and ^.S.El, which were gpniihtfh^pai^altel to each other, but' aHimetimes alto diverged at aa an^ bf wout 15*. At a quarter oast seven, two long and nar- row sti^ams' of light crossed over k^^5° to 40" of altitude, on the westeni side of the zeuith, frdm the N.W.b^K., and souih points of liie horipsoa ; thieir upoer ends did not qiiite meiet fatlhe ciei||be». so as to complete an arch, but inclined to the shape of shepherd* crooks, as' described on the 15th of janpary^ and often i«markeii tqi'lGi^r Observers ; but th^ were iftitner sd fc^Uiant nbi- iy^cH^ m M ■fii I?! ,...,^^v,.\<. -vr~—- . ^ r?!l^fl^lflflr.. ^'''^iWff^rw^Wi # 1S8 it: \ \ defined ilwlieii^wcsvvr^ham before. Atx^lt m quarter before figbt, «• we trere ^ftttrning on board frtun dye observatory, fbie low arch to the wej»tward m described, and wh|jBb had nerer a| tcwjcther disai^ared, increased con^ideniibly in b^Uiimey. It, waa ItiU, however, so irre|;ular as to jopea? in detiicbedrouadish elfiida or blotches, firaij» whicli tbe Mocds, which shfut upwards, araeipfl Immediately to jm^ I^iese pencils, which were' iii|iiit4% :ywied bo|b inilenidi and breadthf were observed to have a^n elow, though very sensible lateral modon from north to so^,in4 #fcr verai/md we ^QOiai^ed <}fi one occfsicm that, whf n two of IlKHn inet, and had die appearance of overla|i|>in^ they pvoduceiL ff^j&xm fifteen seconds, the meet intense acgree of light we had ^ seen fr^m the Aurora. The pencils appeared generfiUy to trayiel b^iily i^ onejdtir^dol, but sometime^ to widen out in jb^f^ 1^ ^ same time. We W^i« aU decidedly of opinion, that the ^«^ stare were very perceptibly ^imnied by this phenomenon, wha<^ giraduattydlsa^l^ai'edby^in^ o'clock. : tt was a scNarce of much satisfaction to find, at noon on die. lldii^ that the sun; even With one degree of meridian altitude, had some jpbwer to alFecX the mercury in the thermometer, Which rose from '•-^4G*m^9^fihtnekpoBtdto !:» rays; and, as the sUn gradu- % declined, i% fell again ,to —40' in an hour or two. le distance jst which iKtunds were heard in the open air^ during the cootinuance of intense cold, was so great as constantly to a0brd matter of surprise to us, notwiUistanding the frequency with whi<^h We had occiston to remark it. We have^ for instance, often heard > people disdoctW conversing, in a common tone of voice, at die distance of a mlies . and tp day t < heard a man singing to himself Whe Wittked alio^ die beach at even a greater distance than ^s. Ano|hii^ ciktymikt^ee'also occur.ed to-day, which may perhaps be c^idered worthy of notice. Lieutenant Beechey, and Messrs. BeVerty and Fisher, id the ^||^i^ of a walk which kd them to a part of the hat^ur, about t^ miles directly to leeward of the ships, were suiprised by sudcUmly perceiving a smell of smoke, so strong as even to impede their breathing, tiU^ by walking on a litde lardier, they got nd of it. ' This circumstance shews to what a distance the smoke from the ships Was carried horizomattyy owing to the dtfficulQr with which it rise* at a very low temperature of die atmdis|)hiire. The appearance which had often been taken for the loom td distant and mu as before observed on the aih> a Iend0^y to form arches both in tbb Jiortbem and sonthem qaitrters, estendinglrom east to west, at 10* «f .^cf^odc ini the north, and JH* or 6" in the south. A thermome- *Mr placed in ^ sun at noon rose quickly £ram ---42* to «^dOi' 011 bond, the temperature of the atmosphere at the house being «#• 4)5^, and ihe weather calm and clear. v^At ihrae jL-iM^,!^ die I3th, on a light breeaie sprinpng uj> ^m *e southward, the thermometer was (Observed to rise intano- I mtely from 4- 40' to ^ 37*. For :a shelVt' time before and after / Moon, a pariieJiQntwas seen at the anguUr distance cNf 22** JCypn J ^Oh side of the sun, at the same altllude i»lth the kJter ; : thesfe ' ^^iihejia were of a confused shape, but vitKongfy prismatic, lliere J ^^^ Urat at the sanie time, also^ a column tif . bright yeUc^ light prtt- ""^^^ :CC^fKng 6the a^nosphere caused a repetidon ofthj^t cracking of , the ship's timbers which bad befoK occiixrod. biit which had ceased for some time past. At noon the tiwrm^ meter in the shelde rose one degree, ftnd at two P^M. fell aoaiii to — 53% »-« Two of the Hecla^s marines having been guilty of drunkenness ,the preceding nij^ht^ an offence whichf under any circumstance^ It was my duty to prewent, but which, if permitted to pass unno- ticed, might, in our present situstion* have b^n attended with the most serioulB coUi^equeiices to our health as well as our discipline, I waa ili^r the necessity of punishii.^' *;dem this morning with thirty.six laHhes each; being the first occasion on which I had con- sidered it hltcessary to inflict corporal punishment during thirteen months that the Hecia had beeh in cominission, a fact which I h^e much satisfaction in rec(»rding, as extremely creditable to her crew. H I 1 / if '■ I r>. I ( ,' r Jj r pWsSp^IfTF ""'.*';>'; ■rVi'.*'*^^^.'!'-' a?'; •,>»: .:',iJrKjfi? # 11 130 From four P: M. on the l^th, till ^alf-ps^t Itfven on the {<:Xhif* ing niDrdiiigi bdiig 90 ini^erviil of fifteeen tiouri and a hiilf, duiiii|; which tiiiie the weather #m clear and bearly ciidttii a thei^inoinetc^r fixed «ii a poley between the shi|w and the shore* never rote lAiove ^^i(4%mdiimme€ during j^iit interval, namely at six Ih -tfie nonftigt is four as — ^5*. 'Thlt low (empei^atnre Qiig^t| p«rha]^i, have cbiitiinied mnch ldnger,^iit for a light breexe which iph«% tip froin^ the aorthwatviy imme^tateW 0n which' the therimketilr ro8eto-^4i^%a4d coi|tiii^d s|iUlo rise doling the 4m ^9^ ihidnighii it had reaclMnd -i-34*' During the lowcusttempeiitlil^ al^ve- mentioned, whieh tras the most intense degttee of i^^ inarked by the spirit thennoinetjSr, duriag our siay itf Winter fitai^ iwi^iijOiTthe sKghtest •inicoki^veni^^ to the open air, by a- pm^fi lirell clothed, as long ai the «rea«id|: #as p^fecdjr^m ; buf in walking against* vbryli|^t ahr of n^iiil, a smai^^g a^nstttioniias esfip^lenced all over the laee^ikccbaEipiiiiifi by :a ppp ii^ the Inltf^ d^W^f^ nii^ aey^fe. - W#am«sed iotii^^ In freezn^ schme mercury d^0^ the ct«|Uhiiance of this ciiT^'ireather, and b^ beating it o^td# Hi anyi^^eyioatdy reduced to the ten^p^ of the iiciti^pi#»^'; it did not wpear to be very malieablilwhen in this stite, ttsMj^ breakini^KAer Jwo or- titree blo^sirom the haiinmei'.'^ thf ^ojiased le^ diy, and ^^eheerin| presence if thesimplatr ieveral hott^ the horizon; iii4u^^diite^^^^ ataitdijaigf the severity of "die weather, to open liie dMtd'-lwhts 6f tril- atem^windowst in onier to adthtt the daylight,, of which| in Oiir occtipa^fiMs ^lowy^ ha^ ^tirefy bjeen d||fi^ more thin ^^ moiithsi' I hac^ l|^n« lowev^ occpioh^ |o '^|i^ thal"^^ chii^pl was Timer prem«ture»|n4that { had not rij^tly catlcatiitiill oiK ^4eii|^<»f .^0 winter )n Me^yiUe Island. ^ The Hecla v^as It^ Irim; dioubw wind(^|rs in her stern, th« interval between the ey in the early p|rt of the «lntlf. 0i|i;iM#e«|icHHri the curtainsr'thW were foaid jMc ^ i^^^i^y ceroei^ to the windows by 1^ nroten vnour collected ift^een themt that^it was necessaiy to cut them 0^^ m^ifpifft^p'tht win#<:|Fs ; and from the spade b^tweeii the doQ«- ,b]»«aal^ weremoved more thflin twelve large buckj^ts ftdt of ii^; or fto^^/ vapour whm^lMi^i acciunulated ii| the same mattaetr. AbNDiitl ip6on» on the I6th^ a i|^|iii!ilion fai^y prisQitat^Ct appeiired pi^lil^ho und;^rl0ol: t^ Wh w#ii fortunate, howrver^ in having the weather moderate as to w!id> 1 Gringo I sifroiigg drift, coi did not r I erineve perature 1 theday, +23% an I the cbio Much as vent it w I sources. winter in ? w.is • >d y wiv''; wific-%? ) The u to have a ^ the stehi theimpa^ fore%ht ! sources, when calcidating upon the chances of spending; ahodier winter in these regions, would by no means admit. Captain Sa- biv.e ' d myself, therefore, ag^ed, that it was better to let' these W|v e nain dcmn, during the ctmtinuance of the severe cold,. wnic. ' accordingly done. The intense cold now experienced on board' the Hedii, seemsl to have arisen principally from my having prematurely uncovered \ the steta windows, which I had been induced to do, not lestf from | the impalience which I fefe to enjoy this cheering raya of die sua 1 for e^l;^ hours of the d^, than on atcoiiiit of the ieivinB of cam-i dICsf the expenditure of which had hidierto b^n much gpreatcir thtti We could Well alford* In the edoiitant ho|k»'thatewh suc- ceeding day would produce sonie amendment in die weadi'er^ we eni^v^ttred contentedly to piit tip with the C(^d, whieh, however, c(|Mldtttted to be so intense in die cabin forseveral weeks after this, thilC it Was impossible to tfitthere without being warmly wn^iped u|i)$ and it was not uncommon for us, at this period^ to reverse the \ uatialvorder of things^ by throwing off our great coats when we/ ^ Wfint on deck ta warm ourselves by exercise (the only mode, we htul of doing so), and immodiatety restimuig them on coming be- U^* On many of theie occasions! have seen atherinometef plac- editt our feet, standing the whole day under -f 19% andaometimea lower, irhi^^^tiother, suspended in the upper partbf die cabinu wottld^ at; the same lime, indicate 33* or 34 , but sdldom higher thanthi^^ /'We bad, about this time, two cases of lumbago ittid one of diarvhoia added to die sick Iwt, which Mr. £dwar«u con- aidiried to have been brotigfat on by the coldness of the decks l^<* low; i;9 one of these cases, some scOrbudc avmptonss subs^quendjr mpeared, which yielded withdtit tnttth diffiottlty to the usiial re- medies; Mr, Sci^iihad, before this time, completely recovered* The bed-plwcesGoittittttingver^ troublesome, lirom the aeouWiiils^: d(ii 6f ice in them^ seVeiid of die men were ordered to sleep in hammocks, which ue much moi^e warm and comfortable; but diey had been so long accustomed to the bed^places, that theife vNA^m th» rei^c^ a good deal of prejudice to overcome amc^ diem* At half-past ten P.M.^ oathe t9ih^ the Attrora Borenltt waa/ 1 M i Wtff ii w ; ?wps served, st^cMned directly to windward, and this with great veloci^. The iM^ghter part of this meteor dimmed whatever stars it pMsed aver, even those of the first magnitude ; and those of the second and third magnitude^ so much as to render, them scarcely visible. The wind blew too strong for the electrometer to be used^ hut Kater's compass was not in the slightest degree affected. The irhole of the phenomenon disappeared in about three quarters of anhour." On the 28(|, the weather was fine and clear, and thcmgh Uie th«r- mbmeter continued from f— 34* to --36* in ihe shade, aiMt only rose to-— dSf in Uie sun at two P.Mi, the walking was unusually .plea- sant to otu> feelings. With our present temperature, the brmi of a person, at a little distance, looked exactly like ^ smoke of a , musket just fired, and that of a party of men em^kJyed upon the ice to*day resembled a thick white cloud. The weaker was still fine and dear overhead on the 84ti), hot there being a moderate breete, from the northward which raised a little anow<«diift, with the theimometer from ^^^ 43* to -«* 44* dHTr . lag tile day, it was very severe in the open air. At a quarts, past ten, wlule the men were running round the decks for exer- cise, and were on that account fortunately well clothtfd, the house on shore was discovered to be on fire. All the offieers, and men of both ships, instantiy ran up to extinguish it; and haviag,.by great exertion, pulled <}ff the roof with ropes, and knocked ^QWH apsbt of the sides j so as to allow snow to be thrown Upon t|ie flame8,:«e succeeded In getting it under, after three-i^iMtt^ of an hour, and fortunately before the fire had reached ^t et4 of tile hosise where the two clocks, together with tiie tfaniii, ahd otiier valttaye instruihents, wm« standing in their caata* Having re- n6ved these, and covered the riiins with snow, to })reveat any re-^ mainis of fire from breaking out again, we returned oh board tiU niore temperate weather should enable us to dig out the rest ol tiie thingSf among which notl^ngof anv material consequehee "wm sttbseqoentiy found to have aoffered injAry;aadf halving musieitd the^^lps' companies to see thatth^ hadputoiidry ektii^ bi^EoiO going todinaer,;they were employed during the rest of the day in dryiag^ose which had been wet. The appearpace which e«r flees presented at the fire was a curious one, alinost etery nobe 133 and cheek having become quite white with frost-bites m five mi- nates after being exposed to the weather; so that it was deemed necessary for the medical gentlemen, together with some othera appointed to assist them, to go constantly round, while the men were working at the fire, and to rab with snow the parts affected, in order to restore animation. Notwithstanding this precaution* which* however, saved many frost-biteq^, we had an addition of no less than sixteen men to the sick-lists of both ships in consequence of this accident. Among these there were four or five casea which kept the patients confined for several weeks; but John Smith, of the artillery, who was Captain Sabine's servant, and who, together with sergeant Martin, happened to be in the house at the time the fire broke out, was unfortunate enough to suffer much more severely. In their anxiety to save the dipping-needle. Which was standing close to the stove, and of which they knew the value, they immediately ran out with it ; and Smith, not having time to put on his gloves, had his fingers in half an hour so be- numbed, and the animation so completely suspended^ that, on his being taken on board by Mr. Edwards, and having his handa plunged into a basin of cold water, the surfocc of the water was immej^iately frozen by the intense cold thus suddenly communicated to it; and, notwithstanding the most human^ and unremitting at- tention paid to them by the medical gendemen, ir ich were buried in the ruins ) th« elocks were removed on beard for examinttion, and prepmtionfi were made to rebuild the house for their reception. Somcl of our gentlemen who walked to the south-west during the day, observed the snow, in certain parts which were exposed to the sun* to be glazed, so as to be very slippery, as if a partial thaw had taken place. It is, perhaps, reqii|isite to have experienced the anxietf with which we were now beginning to look for some favourable chaage in the temperature of the atmosphere, to conceive the ea- gerness with which this informatiooT was received, and the im- portance attached to it in our minds, as the first faint indication of the dissolution of the winter's snow. In the evening the wind freshened from the southward, and before midnight hacTtncreMcd to a strong gale, which is very unusual from that quarter* . The thermometer rose very gradually with the wind, wliieli blew strong for several hours during the night, but entirely died away between eight and ninie A.M. on the 2d. At nine o'clock n parhelion appeared on each side of the sun, at the angular distance of 21' 38% that on the eastern side being bright and prismatic, the other indistinct at first, but becoming as clear as the Other as Uid sun rose higher. They were not seen after ten o'clock until half past one P.M., when they re-appeared for a short time, at the dif tance of 22*. About two P.M. a very thick kind of haze, or fog, came on, which obscured objects at a mile's distance, and at timet much nearer. By us, who anxiously caught at any thing which could be construed into a favorable indication, this fog was hailed with pleasure, as a symptom of returning moisture in the atmdi- phere. On the 4th there were more clouds in the atmosphere, and they were harder and better defined about the edges, than they had been before during the winter: a thermometer in the shade seemed now also to be more affected by the general influence of the sun's rays upon the atmosphere, rising from •— 30° to — £4* at noon* At half^past eleven A.M, a halo appeared round the sun, at the distance of 22Mir from it, consistin of a circle nearly compleite, and strongly prismatic. Three parb 4, or mock suns, were dls*" tihctly seen upon this circle; the 6' . uting directly over the aii^n* and one on each side of it, at its . «vn t titudie. Hid brismatic tints were much more brilliant in t'.e parhelia than in any other part of the circle; but red, yelloW, ^i blue, were the only colours which could be traced, the first of these being invariably next the sun in i^ the phenomena of this kind ^vhich came under our biMenration* I'rom the sun itself several rays of white light, contiguous bat not very brilli^t, extended in various directions beyond the halO, ittd these n^s were more bright after they had passed through the circle, than they were in the part within it i this phenomenon con- tinued for nearly two hours. The Aurora Borealis Was seen 135 fainttynear the&L&W. horizon, for three or four hoors before Hiidnight. The 5th of Martt. fas b. most mild and pV««nnf day we had experienced for teveral we«.»jf alight breeze . ./sgingup from the sbuthwarSl and eastward^ having raised the thermometer grf- dually from -— £6* at four A. M.» to — ^ 15? at n«on ; andt after di- vine service had been performed^ almost all the officers and men in both ships were glad to take advantage of it, by enjoying a long wallc upoBi the nei^bduring hills. The weather had been hazy, with Hfl^t snow and . some clbnds in the morning ; but the. latter gtvduaify dispersed after noon, aflbrding us the first day to which we could attach the idea of springs As soon as the clouds had al- lowed the sUn tb com^ottt, a parhelion appeared on cach.side of it at the same iltitudc ; that to the westward» which was seen on a l^iok dark, cloud, being bri^t and prismatic ; the other, appearii^ on the blue sky, being scarcely preceptible. A ray of btight .yel- low li^ht extei^ed horizontally about d* or 4* on each side of the parhelia, and also a stripe of prismatic colours from each.of Iheipl to the horizon. Both these were prDbaUy parts of the circle which are frequently seen to accompany these phenoaieQa» jand at the iritersecUon df Which the parhelia usually appear. , ; . On the 6th/at eight AiM., the thermometer h«d got upto z#^ being the first time we had registered so high a temperature sin^ the 1 7th of the preceding December. The wind veered ghidua% from 9.S.E., round by west, t6 north, Sind at night was remarkaUy variable and squally, frequently changing, almost instantly, froin north to west, and viceversd ; aometimes being so light as not to extinguish a naked candle at the g^gway, and at others blowing a strong breeze. Squalls of this kind we had not observed before, nor did they occur on any other occasion ; we could not perceive ailky alteration in the thermometer while they iMted. We continued to enjoy the same temperate and enlivening wea- thei* (Ml the Ttfa, and.now began to flatter ourtelviss in earnest, that the season had taken that favourable change for which we had sc long been looking with extreme anxiety and impatience. This hope WMi much strengthened by a circumstance which occurred to- days (tnJdwhkhf trifling as it would have appeared in imy otiber si- tuiition than ours, was to us a matter of no small interest and satiph factidn. This was no other than the thawing of a small quantity of* snow in a favouraUe situation ii^n the black paint work of the ship*s stern* which eXaetljr laiced the south, being the first time that such an event had occtirred for moreUian five monUis. The ther- mometer at tl^s time stood at -f- 35* in the sun, but no appearance of thawing took place, except in the situation described, and even there, upon^the fellow paint th«r snow remained as hard as before. Vfe could perceive, from the top of the north-eastern hill of the t^llbour, froM which we had the most extensive view to-the south i. 136 and east, that a line of hummocks had been fStoftmu up to a con- siderabie height upon the ice, at the distance of six or seven milea lirom the land, and in a direction nearly parallel to it. It was here probaldy that the junction of the old and ** young*' ioea had taken place in the autumn, the space betweoi the Ime of hummoeln and the famd' being occnp4ed by the ice which this winter liad produced, and by the breakng up or dissolution of which we eduld aloue hope to proceed on our voyage. '1 Advantagv was tak««n of the present mild and pleasant wealiher, to rebuild the house on shore, which was oon^ted in a fe# days, when the clocks were replaced in it, in reskliaeso for Ca{^uii 8a- biiie to beg^n his escperiments on the pendulum, whenevter'the sea- son would permit. The observations which we luid been enabled to make during the winter were principally coined to lunar dia- tanoes,ated, and lirhlch indeed etiuld not easily have occurred to the minds of those accustomed laii^fii wake observations in more temperate cli mates. A'vpanS- euhi^ icc6unt of these difficulties being given in another |^ce % l^tain Sabine whose unremitted attention waut foraome time de- votid to the means of overcoming them, I sbail only here mention •gliiefatly, t^tthe princtpid of them arose from the unequal oon- ffffttidn'i^tli^ brass and iron, and from the freezing ttf the oil^ by #hich thelnslrumeiit was so set fast as to make it impossibhito turn it in aztoAUth I alto, from the extreme Contraction of die splits, leaving Uo bubUeby which the level could be read. With ifspett to the experimention the pendulum, it was on every at- cquht eonaide#ed advisable to Wait for the return of spring, rather than to attempt observations reqmring such mimueiW8S,and iso uni- lliiili a temperature, at a ^me when the veiy touch ofinttrumen^ wai p^nf^ and When no o^ervation could hi made 1u the optn 1^ i»^ithoUt carefi^ heldtiig the breath* v Th% severe Weather which, until the last two or thi^e dnm, we iMu) expi^lMiced for a lengdi of time, had be^ tiie means of keep- Mgftt a ^!d stafte idl the vapour which had atsoumulated and fro^ ^h upon thi£ sbips' sides on the lower deck. As long as ititil^ tiiiued iil thii state, it did not prove a source of ahnoyaiice, ivpt- <^itty as it had no eommunication with the bed-plaees. On the l^tiiry, indited, I had ima|^iied, whether justly or^c^rw&e I know not, that a lining of this kind rather dia Kood dian harm,%V preventing the escape of a cerCEun portion of ime WUrmth thr0ti||$i wi ^« ships* ,sidei. The Ute mUdncM of the weather, hov«Vfr, hnv- ing, caused a thaw to uke pUce below, it now became tMceaaaiy immediately to scrape off the coating of ice ; and it wUI, nwipa« be scarcely €redite4>thajt we this day removed above one Aini^Md bHcketo full, each containing from five to sis gallona, be^s thBilW- cumulatioa which had taken place in an intjerval of lcas« ^«» fepir weeks. It maybe observed, that this vapour nivat principally: have been produced from the men's breath, and from the steam of th«^ pricluals during mfals, that frojs thf coppera bei^g effectwiUy ear- ned o|tclc<^kby^ the. screen which I have hffipre inentioiM4 ^ James Richardson, a seaman of the Hereeze ff^ Jbie .northward, with some snow-drift^, ,tb« .parhelia te-«ppaare4 bemg much roore^brig^t and priMmrtic;t|ifmitt;t^e^f^^ accompanied by the.usual. halo» which wps liemriF i9ommp aid whose radius meff^ured 82i% The pavbciUa^m. eacli^e of ^ aKipit^xe atvttmjBS,8obrightas toiici. ptO^ in ioohfi^ steadfastly at themu. When they we?^hrigi>«W%*tha light |^ nipriy jxrhitey aiid this generally occurred whan the wind wiia m^at OMx^rate, ami w^n there was., consequeully less 8^ow<<|(^ik« Wheii* on the other, hand, the wind and drift increai^,^^ef £««. came ota deeper tint, but the red a^d a pale yelloif iif if & eifljr distinguishable colouis, andformer being as usus^ msaEt the smi^ I Thf se parhelia f^e much better resi^mblimces of the sun lliu anr ' W9 hiii#e«i» befor^t^jbeins sm^er,moie compact jimd circalar, pnd bettfrdem>cd,ab^ut their edges than usual, ppproaclunfl^ in eVe^ respeet, nearer to thi^appeanmee of the sunV disk^ wWchhas-^ tamed for them the name of mock-suns. «The pa^hetion over dp fw,wasfev^jverybrig^t,.aiid ihocircfe^ ) lr»»»ged^M*ithe ppsma^ci^^urs*^^ a hori36Q|i«!dciiQie of palewhit^Jight psssed ||«wigh *ft suuV disk,,a^|^^ \ tho9^^ Py hM^g, At uie sun thnough a coloured glass^^ii c^kunii ■ S . . ^/i./jy' Si !-, ill 138 'I fm \ df light wta tein Snider ft; Itt dftMi obserirMl tMfbM. The bright- lliaHi of tl^e trhdle phenomeikm ▼•H«d every IlietaDt, en •eceunt of ithJrWjjir^drtft. , 'WHUh ihls pheiKrnienon had eotathiued abdut bb hour end • hoir« t #B>fM^«t^ • •egmem of inother ctrele aboire the Ihret, «id In- f #en«d #ith reMrd td it; It* centre bcfaigioffletrhere aear the tealih. ^ 7%4 .wiiiriafc tr6ih the imif Co thie segMieiit ww obtout S4\ tm neuly lU nii^ iMdiidnctiieM oC^ letter would ello# of its heisg measur- m^tjliiwhth d}ea^ft»f«red in two hdure end a half fton Itecom- menceililekity 4wAog whfeh time, the thermomeCer wwhWk -^ tV 'm-^^'iKfi i^d the Whither fine and dear over head. From nine l*.1lti; tin aiiidhighiy the Aurora Borealie appeared lilintl]^ in ^ hdhlkdn tb the kooth, oeeallonilly streaming tdwirdi the 2ieBith in eorueemidi^ofiMle iHiftellf^ %• - On the ffth, it blew a ham gale ftom the netthwird and weiC^ war4, ndsing a 8tiow«dnft wh|6h made the dajr dmoet at indement ae in the midtt of whiter. The wind very suddenly ceased in the efvMiiii|, 1^ while Oie atmosphere near the ships was so serene ihffc, ou the iMH, ii^hicfacouttaitted, wiill little Imtrmitfiion, ott m^ ii^'iiitt ^ t4th } afording^^u^ a couvificing pto# that>die ft^i^^dk^iilcli we had t^ the tp^^v^m^ &%§t^itwk nol yet to be aiK^ompBshed. Put^hlg this timirthe thl!NiDm«itet Itad ohee'mtire liilkt^ ae low m «-^ ^HiMge itfllHi, iM^1!h#i^i#^ wofelfimttf^ltt ^e saIHe «liii^ iiif il W^byd 'hM^(^e^#i^.<^'^^toi^^i^^ i^^lili^i*C^ii^^#irtetUmate^iffl a-higfaer pifft of Oi* ecaU^ ilM b|^'hitd^ol:diiibn to obierv¥thiithiti«^^ i^k^il^a^^ ' •■■■"*■■" '->■' ■" ' .^■- •- ' At bilr F.1^ Oft ihe i4th;^«e Weathe^'b^ i)ie neriiontiltbr at ^d^Mn the sun, thete was « secoiid firtiil mmmm wmmmimmm iMliiB|l of the tao^ upoo tlM thipt* ften* ImneidUl# m Um •iwinoinf up of. » kriit breez*, however, the themooMiter i^ thi eon IcU to -(• 1 1% and et half*past two wee et 4. 6*, the temitenitairf of the air in the ehede remaining ateadily (roaa-« U* to«» %9*» At five P.M.* a parheiion wee oMerved on each eide of the tUBy at itaowa altitude, and diatant from it 29* 10% with a pari of lAm ueual horisootal circle, extending 9* or 3* from the outer edge 01 each parhelion. On thj 16ih| thcae being little wind, the wealher wia agaiii ihraeant and comfortahle, though the thermometer remaimd very »w. While it continued nearly calm* we obeerved the following diflerencee in the temperature of. the air in the ehade and m t)te euoi the latter* were, however:^ acted 1^ a thermometer placed iMif der the ehip*e etcm, which aituaticn waa a warm one» for the rear son* before aaaigned* fi A.M. 9 . SRADE — 94* 8UH ^ M* 10 . --13* . +«r 11 . —W . +«M' Noon . — «• . +«•* P.M. 3 . . —13* . -nr. Xhie evenittgf the offiecra performed the ftrcea of , thp ^|pe or^l>nilgimm»r<^^.. On being ^aeatipiM;4 Teepecthijs thia bip^ thtyjMitia^aiin»oft{the irtand,evaft daring Aa. whole winter^ ae the nblipi? dance oft aaice (JUiw Hwkpnk^^ of which we conitantly taw ii|i| tra^ «piaii> «he enow, Wo«ldl»rBiib them. irith an ftmjploM ^food. ^wfM n9ovell|y;l»ipa,.ho(9rftfr, to aee •ny Uvwg M in ihia de^diate aj^t ; lor om mavoivfiaai^d fo^tea, oiiroc^a^i^ tiaitora during the win^i had almoit entirely deaertei «a lor naiMnd wecka paat. 1 j.j 1 I 140 i I W\ J / h TKe tielt ripopt «f tlw Griptr this dagr eoMtiatd no lett Own ' ten CAMp, off whioli four wvre tcorbiitic, wbilt tbt aonibtr of tick, or rather of convaleiceiit, o» board the Hee^ did not amooM to half that attmhar. On inaiilriiig into th« probahla cauaa of ihia ottraordittary proportioii of akk on board tha Gripar, which, jntt at thia period, #hen their aervicea began to be nacaaaaiy to our re- oi^uipmcnt^ waa likely to prove of aeriooa inip0rtanea» 1 found, from Lieutenant Liddon, that the beama and bed-placea on tha Gripar'a lower-deck had lately bean m ao damp a amta, in coiMaquence df the coodenaation or the vt^oor upon themy and in qiite of ev«iry endeavour to prevent it, that there could be little doubt of die caliae to which the present unheallhineaa of the creW waa to»be chiefly attributed. 1^ therefore, directed a survey to be heldhy the thtec medical ofice.t, and a report to be made c^ their opinions, as to the expediency of altogether removing the bed-placea, or of adopting My other meaiM for obviating the evil in questipn. These gentlemen were of opinion that the extreme dampness was •* occa- aioned by tiie necessary prmumity of the bed-places to the vessels' aideSf and the smallness of the lower-deck, in consequence of which the vapoura formed were deposited in ao great abondanee, patti- cularly during meal-times, diat die heat of the firea was inadequate to reiftoiva the evil before the cauae waa again, renewed." They Idierelbra feeommended tidiing do^wn the bed-placaa, in ord«r 4o admit a aware free ventllationi aa well as a more equal diati^ibiition of the' warmthy'Mid that hammocka should be subatUutad ia.dieir place ; an alteration which was immediately adopted. While on thia anbiect, #hich ia so intimately connected wtSdi the heiMof taiin^m^the Arctic regions, it may be proper for me to ramark timt, althott^ the bad-placea, which wei«fitiediitt%>ardthaifiei^ mid GifpCTi give a «eat and comfortable appeavaner to tho lower 4$ck, tad ari'in reality a igreatconvenienee to the men -in many fCip^n, yee that onr winter^a experience plainly ihewa themlobe f gofavotirable to the accumulaUon of dampness or ice within tli«m, ^'^hit thire can< ^remain little doubt^ of their unfitness for tlua aar- viee; and, I believe, that hammoekjl will be found wainprywdf in oViry^^respaet mOre^comfortabte to the nwn^ ilian«any o^ei. 4dnd lwm- socka> The advantage or tlittS>femovingfifom dm ah^aidoswaa Ttniarkatily proved in the case of dieutenant I4ddon^ whoae state itf healihcWas «o bad during'the winter, that we at onetime inter- miat»d imy serioua apprebenwona reapectii^ Juaui Jt waa l^laedv therefore, about die tad of February, thtt lie^a^ould 3ii a totf at some distance from the side; and, from that pei Jiis recovery was so rapid and so decided, that in a few weeka he } ! Ml '« WM enabled to walk out every fine da> in the open tit lipr eser- ctae, with the thennometer at twenty dcgrect bciow aero, and with- out tb« tlighteet degrt e of inconvenience. On the l^d we found* bv digging a hole in the ice, in the mifU die of Uie hailiottr» where uie depth of waurwr.» four fathomt aad n quarter, that ita thickaeat waa six feet and a half, and th%. toow on the aurface of it eight inches deep. Thii may h^ con ii tiered • fair tpecimen of the average formation of ice in thia nrighbour- hood aince the middle of the precedinc September) abd at tb'^ fretzins procett did not atop fin* more uwn us weeka after *hh » the -produce of the whole winter may, perhapa, be reasonably tai) en at aeven, or seven and a half feet. In chopping this v :. ' 'ith an WMt die men found it very ha)l4 and brittle uU they ar ivc' ^ widi> in a iipot of the lower surface, where it became 'oft and spongy. At noon, on the S5th, two thermometers stood f^i in the shade at -— A5*, and in the aun at 4- 30* at 1P.M. . —33% . . +17* 3 . ^9ar, . +35* 3 —33*, . . +31', the thermometer in the sun being pl^ed at a dbtance from the ship, and the weather very calm and fine. The length of the d»y hao now so much increased, that at midnight on me 36ch, theve waa a very sensible twilight in>the northern quarter of the heavens; mdauch was the rapidity with which this nut of the season ap- peared to u» to have come round, that w. cr ild, with difficulty, Eicture to ouraelvea the total darkness from which we had so Italy emei^icd. On the 9Bth, Lieutenant Beechey re'[r«rted, on his return from a walk over the hills to the westwartY, 'iiat he had seen, even more < plaUity than before, that refracted appearance in the southern hori- \ ason, whioKbone a strong resemblance to distant land in that direc- tion land^^wiiatia most worthy of notioBiStUl seeming to terminate abruptly about m 8ib.£. bearing from Winter Harbour. The ther^ mometer waa ut ^ia Hme at — '30*, and the mercury in the baro- mctev atanding at 30^83 inches. y On one of ue fine days iii die eariy part of March, in taking a longer walk than usual, on the north aide of the harbour, we acci- demally met with a small flat stone, on which the letter^£L.was plairilljrt engraved. As there seemed little doubt that this had been artificialiv done, and as, aince our anival in Winter Harbour, the weather had been too cold to induce any of our people to sit down on thegrcHind for the purpose of eawrcising their talent in this wi^t we were entirely at a loss to conjecture how it came there, aod various an^usmg speculations were resorted to, in order to accoimt for it. Suice that time, the weather had not permitted our seod- dinpi for it till the 1st of Aprilf when it was brought on board; and ottinquiry am(»g the men, wc found that Peter Fisher, a seaman t I > (■ .( -^ !.i i i 'L 142 '^■■1 P-.1 Mi U'^ ( I i / f belonging to the Griper, who was one of the patty under Mr. Fife/ respecting whom we had felt so much anxiety in the preceding September, had, on that occasion, amused himself by bef^miag to scratch upon the stone in question, the initials of his name.* ISris circumstance ts only worthy of notice, from its proving to how considerable a distance this party had Himbled, and haw com- pletely they were in error as to the direction in which they had beea travelling} the distance between the two places being twenty-fiv« miles. I was in hopes^ also, of finding out by this means, the sitn» ation of a large lake which Mr. Fife reported having «eeii« and from which he brought a small fish of the trout kind ; but the mmre I questioned bim md his party, the more I was convinced of the Ikue dependance to be placed on the account of persons circum« stanced as tiiey were, and <^ tiieir utter ignorance as to the part of the island in which tiie lake was to be found. # In the evening a parhelion was seen on each side of the sun^ and a tbirddbove it, as usual, at the angular distance of 22* 20', the two first bdng strongly marked by the prismatic colours, smd the other very indistinctiy. ^^ ^ Eu'ly on thie morning of the 3d» we observed an effect of refract lion very coanmon in seas having much ice. It consists in the im? ages of hummocks of ice, refieaearance is considered by the Gceenlaod.aaif lors» as an indication of dear water in the direction in whidh> k it aaen, which was certainly not the case this morning. > ^i^^ r At nine A.M.* on the 5th, the weather being very ^few, and tiie Aermometer at -m.|8*, we observed a halo roi^ the auur n^cb was at times nearly xiomplite. Inhere was, m. usual, a ftarhdioii en each wdb of the sun, a( the same altitude, and distinct^ prisma- tic. TlM»re was also a third parhelion in ^at part of^he c'u?^ ramncdiately i^ve^tt stw, and this had a pectiliafity attending it which we had never before observed. Although the weatfaett^waa ii^arkably fine wid cbmr^tiie atmosphere was ^U c^ innumienriile minute tptcuias of snow glittering in the sun^ which we had never beftKre seen oo a bright fwi<^hitty dayy though, we had eonstantac- cauon to remarJisuch a depiosit^ at times when> the weaker ctmld 1^ no means be caHed hazy, rad when the heavenly bodies weKft ^tactly viaible. l%fpariieMai^ above the sun appealed to be efi^eatfy formed %r tiM refiectioaof ^e sim's rays to tite^e, li^ miiafinite Buoftber e^these^apicaSai, commencing dose to ma ob- ^ WhtiiMr. Rfe «nd bit p«rtj rrtwnwilftma tint exmrrion, » w... »».» ^ .«.- V«>^f loip t«iM>iw.i're«h fiaber wa»i wi hov l«tM« ^fim«ma to imifd «MJkHi •>•»- " ■ way, of vliieb,1nt«^, ttw it^wiMiwo Iwk »«% K vws natttr tfiiat- peiHHf, as Mir ibing obt of the edmnron war. tcont the sun^aiiiklar in every resprct ttl^moae dMcribed on the 5th^ ' ^At one;9;ii. j^eae^^Miiomena re-appeaNi^ togetiier with several others of the a«iiw nature. The protracted lengtii of tha^«flittiarbeg^ now to make nan^ than uauaQ)^ impatient^ and to«r«a«e ipv tis twuwmabte awy al i iN^iliiia let* oar <««ape from Witfter HalbiMur should unavwdimiyr Jbi[|«|Mi» fitted i M period too late tot the aeetnnpHthment of thotorfimine h^et, with which the last year's tucoess had induced us ter nmr 1.1 ! 144 h • ■ i \ ounclves. The extraordiiMiy degree of cold which continued day after day was luch a«. we bad oeriainly. not anticipated } and when, at this period, vi^ the sun aboire the borixonlor seventeen hours out of the four and twen^, the thermometer was stall occasionally £[dl|ing ^B low as «— 31% which it did at four this morning, it must be confessed that our future prospecta of advancement began to wear a very unpromising aipect. it may.be imagined, also, wtl^ what anxiety we watched for the first appearance of a thaw, bolAi on share and upon.the ice round the ships, in neither of which had any such appearances yet become perceptible, except that here and there, where the snow happened to lie ,v«ry thin upon the, ground, allowing the sun's rays to penetrate to the earth» a sufficient degree of heat had been mdiated 'partiialIa||lo thaw the snow, fprmiiig^tit into a. thin transparent calt^ likelT plate of iglw* ;. Indee l^e weather being clear and nearly calm, Mr. Hooper and myself observed a colouring in somelight fleecy clouds, whichfprmed on^ of themost beautiful phenomena that I had ever seen. These douds, which were sauiU ami white^ and almost the only ones in the Wavens* assumed, as they approach- ed and passed under the sun, the most soft and exquisite tints of light lidce, bluish green» and yelloipr q^ut their edges, that can possibly be imagiaed. » These tintSi appeared only when the clouds were within 15° or 20* of the suHi were brightest as, they p«sae4, under it, which they did as dote «»T. «id began to bf again iti* distinct at 10* from it. Some of the clouds remained coloured in this way lor upwards of a quarter of an hour {there did opt sciem to be any regimitarrangf ment of tintSf as in the prismatic specttunr, but the lake was always* next the 8Utt.s It was a source of extreme satls^ctioii: to me to find th^t this health of both ships' companiejiv w 1* at four o'clock. As Ae Wind freshened again, the thermometer once more rose, and by ei|;ht A.M. stood at -j- 10** On the two following days Captain Sabme made some observations on the difference in the temperature of the atmosphere in the sun, and in the shade ; which ihew the ef- fect of the sun's rays much more correctly than those made on board, as it is almost impossible to pi'event the thermometer from being affected by the radiation of heat from the ship. <* Two poets having hcen fixed in the snow|;at a short distance apart, and con- nected by a line passing through the shadow cast, by the observa- ^ry, about the middle of the day, two mercurial thermometers^ being an exact pair, and having their bulbs unprotected, were sus-* pended from the line, one being exposed to the sun, and the other in the shade of the observatory ; the bulbs of boUi were six or eight inches from the show.'' h. m. stfN. Apriue. 1 oop.^f, +^^' 2 -^ 22 2 13 93 9 18 24 5 2 35 20 5 % 50 21 6 7 6 — • 9 5 4 5 April 27. 11 20A.M. 15 5 11 30 20 7 1140 34 9 11 45 23 5 8 11 55 24 8 25P.M. 21 7 1 — 20 7 2 20 25 7 2 45 lO 4 SHADE. re] 6 5 A gentle air, 1 4 Almost cidBi. 5 5 A breeze sprung upi» The morning of the 27th being very fine, and the thermometer at 4. 6% the ships* company's bedding was hung up to air, between the fore and main rigging, being the first time we had ventured to bring it from the lower deck for nearly eight months. While it was out, the births and bed-places were fumigated with a compo- sition of powder mixed with vinegar, and known familiarly by- the name ofdeviis; an operation which had been regularly gone through once a week during the winter. T t f « ■:i,Am^i^^.-^^>' 146 '"ThUtvttkmg^ and during the whole night, we experienced, for the fivtt ttttie this^selison, a fog, such as occurs in more temp«ratef climates, arid which the sun dispersed on the following morning ; the^ikiine thingagain occurred the next day. ''i«At iMdf pist twaP.M. on the S9tb- Mr. Edwards and myself obierv^d 'the xlouds coloured in the same beautiful and delicate manneras on the l<^h ; except that thenints were now not so vivid, the 'dovds pasibingf farther frimi the sun« A parhelion was also •fcen;tbn each side of the sun horizontally ; both were faint and fleiitei white. ftrl^'havt before mentioned the circumstance of our lower rigging havMftghtfeA'very slack during the severity of the winter, and again becodie tight r^s the warmer weathe|icame on. Even now this had taken ^^ce so dSeMuaUy, that the rigging was full as tight as when we left the rivet Thames twelve months before. I have been the^ more partiimlar in mentioning this fact, because the circumstance 0f''% b(ecdming slack i^ the cold is at variance with the accounts of ofthcr. navigators*. ' For the last three or four days of April, the snow on the black cloth of our housing had begun to thaw a little during a few hours in the middle of the day, and on the 30th so rapid a change took place in the temperature of the atmosphere, that the thermometer stood at the freezing, or, as it may more properly be termed in this climate, the thawing point, being the first time that such an event had occurred for nearly eight months, or since the 9th of the preceding September. This temperature was, to our feelings, so auch like that of summer, that I was under the necessity of using my authority to prevent the men from making such an alteration in their clodiing as might have been attended with very danj;er- ous consequences. The chanse of temperature during the>'month of April, was so rapid| that the thermometer ranged froih •— 32* to 4- 32* in the course of twenty days. There was, at this period, more sa^w. upon the ground than at any other time of the year^ &te average depth on the lower parts of the Idnd being four or five inches, but much less upon Uie hills ; while in the ravines a very large quantity had been collected. The snow at this time became so soft, from the influence of the sun upon it, as to make Wslking very laborious and unpleasant. This rapid chmge in the temperature of the atmosphere agaii re- fjhred our hopes of a speedy departure from Melville Island; and tilich ifrere the sangpuine expectations which animated us at this pe- riod, that I believe there was not an officer or man, on board either. ". "On the morning of the 5th, (November), it was dueovered that almost aH the sh(Mti|l (p!^SlactnMrd side of the tihip were broken, wbieh happened from eontrnction and tenM-.' nen, caused h) in»t.".~Jlccount of Betit^t Voyage, A.D. l74l« BiiB5Ur'» Mrth-Ea*' Uf *^. •f ^e ihips, who had not made up his mind to ^/^ prob«)bility of our leaving Winter Harbour by the middle or lati^r part of June. The fine and temperate weather with which the month of AprU had concluded, induced Captain Sabine to set the clocks going, in order to commence his observations for the pendulum, and h^ now took up his quarters entirely on shore for that purpose. On the first of May, however, it blew a strong gale from the northr ward, which made it impossible to keep up the desired temperature in the house ; and so heavy was the snow-drift, that in a few hours the house was nearly covered, and we were obliged to communicato with Captain Sabine and his attendants through a small window, from which the snow was, with much labour, cleared away, thf door being quite inaccessible. We saw the sun at midnight fo^ ^i^e first time this season. The gale and snow-drift continued on the following day, when We had literally to dig out the sentries, who attended the fire at the house, in order to have them relieved. I feel it right to men- tion these circumstances, that the difficulties with which Captain Sabine had to contend, may be duly appreciated in the making of observations that require, even under every favourable circuni^ •tance of weather and climate, no ordinary share of skiU and at- tention. The day being moderate and fine on the 3d, we perceiyed that the late gale had almost entirely uncovered the higher parts of the land, the snow being blown into the ravines and hollows. W^ rer marked, in the forenoon, that thf^ clouds had a tendency to foii^ two distinct arches across the heavens from N.N.E. to S.8.W., joining at the horizon, but separating gradually on each side of the zenith to the distance of 8* or 10^ from each other. At ten P.M. a parhelion was seen on each side of the sun, at the usual distance, and slightly tinged with the prismatic colours. Being desirous of making some observations on the height and time of the tides, I directed a hole to be cut through the ice under the ship's stem, and a pole, graduated in the upper part to feet and inches, dropped through it, and securely moored by a heavy weight to the bottom. Our observations commenced the afternoon of the 4th, and the height indicated by the pole was registered every hour in liie Hecla's log-book. The snow which we had in the autumn banked up a^inst the ships' sides was now cleared away, in reacUf ness for cuttmg the ice round them, an opera ion which I was ans> ious to perform previously to our making any alterations in the quaa* tity or distribution of the weight in our holds, lest the ships should Mceive any injury from doing so, in their present confined situation. It is of course not easy to judge in what degree the banking up of tile snow had been serviceable, in retaining the warmth within the ships, but there can be littie doubt that it produced a considerable 1^ ;■ / ttttet in tbi* way^ at well perhai^^r as in lessening, in soma tnei* aurv» the thickness of the ite which formed around them. On the 5th Mr. Edwards reported that Mr. Crawford, the dreenland mate, who had, for severisl days past, been complaining of pains which Appeared to be rheumatic, shewed some symptomi of tile scurvy, which made it neccttsary to resort to the autiscorbatic diet. It was worthy of notice, that Mr. Crawford was one of the most' clean, temperatty and cheerful men in the expedition, and, lift nuch, was one of the least likely to be thus aflected. The washed dothes of the ships' company Were thik day dried entirely in the open nir. On the 6th, the thermometer rote no higher than +81* during the day; but, as tht wind wns moderate, and it was high time to endeavour to get the ships once more fairly aflbat, We commenced the operation of cutting the ice about them. In order to preveht* the ihett «affering from wet and rold feet^ a pair tt stmng boots and bbot-stockings were on this occasion selrved to eachi being part of a cidmplete h\nt of warm clothing, with Which 1 had been sup- plied ibr the purpose of issuing them to the ship's conipattie* gratis, whenever I should see occasion. As the sun became low towai^s midnight, the usnalpurhelia appeared about this luminarv. ^ At half-paat nine A.M., on the icfth, Lietitehant Becchey ob* served a halo roi nd the sun, consisting of a complete circle, and ah arch of another, Aching the first in the part imme ^lately above ^e sun, ami having its centre apparently from 40* to dJ* ft-om that objects There were two parheha faintly prismatic «m uauftl^ but nbottt S' without the ciriele. ;^1rMs phenomenon Was remiiiliible, on account of the pariieliA- nbt beini^ situated v^on the halo, el wak usually the cue* It now occuhta «c» meythiiit Oh the {^receding day, when the sttme pheAo*> menott bad been faintly rieeu, Mn Niat, whom I directed to mea- sure the angular distance between the parheliA and thie sun* had t«nort6d ft to be S4* 40'i the radius of the halo being SS|^ is uftiial. "Fhis I coniiderted to have been an unevoidable error in the men- iurement of an ill-defined objeict; but, on re{>«iating It, his fik%t re* port was found to be coirrect. Otti the presird had perhaps arrived a day or two before that time. On the lAth, two or three coveys of ptarmigan were seen, after which they became more and more numerous, and a brace or two were almost daily procured for the sick» for whose use they were exclvilively reserved. An it Win of the utmoM importance, under oUr present circumitaficea, that every ounce of game which We might thus pro<- «ure, Ahould be served ib lieu of ilio other meat, I now renewed the otdera formerly gtvi^n, and which Afterwards obtained among us the AAme of M |;*^^^>^^f that every animal killed wak to be considet^ ^ atf pUbBc property ; And, as sUch, to be regularly issued like any «fher klhd or provlsioh, without the slightest distinction between thfetkies&es of ^te officers And those of the ships' companies. SoMi of dUf^men bAViog, ih the course of their shooting excui^- {SiOnlt,Deen eitposed Ibk* several hours to the glare of the sun and AlkOw, refUHiedat ttij3[ht, much affected with that painful infllamma^ tl^n in th« eyes,' ofccaiiiOhed by the reflection of intense li^t from Hii^ snow, iaidid by the WArinth of die auh, and called in America ** snoW^blindnMs^" This complAiht, of which the sensation etactlj^ riisembtes KihAt fHi^Uieed by large pArticles of sand or dust in th« «yet, is Cuttd bjitaomie tribes of American Indians, by holding them oVe^ this steam of WAter; but We found A coolinv wash, made Of A smAll ttttAUtlv^ ^f Acetate of leAd mixed with cold water, more effitAdouS in relieving the irritation, which was always tlone in three or four dAj^, even in the most severe cases, provided thfe eyes were cArefUlb^ {{uaMed fVOm the light. As a preventive of this Complaint, apiece 6f btack crape wa^ given to each man, to be worn as a kind of short veil attached to the hat, which wn !R>ttnd to be very seWiceable ; a still more convenient mode, adop^ ed by some of the officers, was found equAlly efficacious {this con^ iist«^ in tsddng the glAsses out of a pair of spectacles, and substi" * '.?-it H50 tilting, black or green cra^, the glau having been found to heat tb« eyeii« and increase the irritation. The exhalations ariung from the earth were about this time ob- aerved to be very abundant, producingt during the day-time, much of that appearance of waving tremulous motion in distant objects* which the French call nurage^ and which was usually succeeded by a fog at night, as soon as the atmosphere had become cool. During one of these fogs, at four A.M., on the 16th, the sky being perfectly clear in the zenith to 30* of altitude, whilst a dense haze rested on the land and ice. Captain Sabine observed " a haze- bow of distinct and dazzling light, having its edges softened off, and without any appearance of prismatic colouring. The legs of the bow rose out of a bluish haze, the colour of which somewhat resembled that of weak starch ; not quite half a circle was com- {>lete ; the middle of the arch was between 2S* and 23* above the , andf which is of little elevation, and the legs were 7i* apart. Thn weather wil' neariy calm, and there had been a considerable depo« aition of frozen dew throughout the night. Similar phenomena were observed on the mornings of the 20th and 23d, about the hour.»' same On the 1 /th, we completed the operation of cutting the ice round the Heda, which was performed in the following manner : The ii^e alongside the ships was found to be six feet thick, being about eigh- teen mches less than the average thickness of it in Winter Harbour, owing principally to our having continued to cut it round the ships for some time after the commencement of the winter, and in part, perhaps, to the snow with which-it had there been thickly covered. We began by digging a large hole under the stem, being the same as that in which the tide-pole was placed, in order to enter the. aaw, which occupied us nearly two days, only a amaU number of men being able to work at it. In the mean time, all the snow and rubbish was cleared away from the ship's side, leaving only the solid ice to work upon; and a trench, two feet wide, waa cut the whole length of the starboard side, from the stem to the rudder, keeping within an inch or two of the bends, and taking c«'e here and there to leave a dike, to prevent the water which might poze into one part from filling up the others in which the men were working. In this manner was the trench cut with axes, to the depth of about, four feet and a half, leaving only eighteen inches for the saws to cut, except in those places where the dikes remained. The saw being then entered in the hole under the stem» was work- ed in the usual manner, being suspended by a triangle made ci three span ; one cut being naade on the outer part en the trench, and a second, within an inch or two of the bends,' in ordeir to avoid ^juring the pUmks. A small portion of ice being Inrokenoprnow and then by bars, handspikes, : and ice-chisels* floated, to the surface, «n4 wa» hooked out by piecemcfaU This operation was a cd4 vv^ ' }i ,«^.pJ^;'Wf?rr?>. 151 f tedious one, and required nine days to complete it. When tlw workmen had this morning completed the trench within ten or twelve feet of the stem, the ship suddenly disengaged herself from the ice to which she had before been firmly adhering on the lar- board aide, and rose in the water about ten inches abaft, and nearly eighteen inches forward, with a considerable surge. This disen> gagement, to which the sailors naturally applied the term ** launch* ihg," confirmed my supposition, that the ship was held so fast by the ice, as to make it dangerous to alter materially the stowage of the holds, but in a manner the very reverse of what 1 had appre- hended. This circumstance, however, on consideration, it was not difficult to explain. In the course of the winter, the strong eddy winds about the ships had formed round them a drift of snow, seven or eight feet deep in some parts, and, perh«ips, weighing a hundred tons ; by which the ice, and the ships with it, were carried down ndjacb tN»tow tlie natural level at which they would otherwise have floated. In the mean time the ships had become considerably lighter, from the expenditure of several months provisions; so that, on both these accounts, they had naturally a tendency to rise in the water as soon as they were set at liberty. The ships being noW'once more fairly afloat, I directed a strict and careful survey to be commenced of all the provisions and stores of every kind remaining on board each ship, and at the same time the Griper to be supplied with the quantity which the HecUi had stowed for her, amounting nearly to the proportion of every kind for twelve months. In the mean time, a party of hands wese occupied in breaking and weighing the stones for ballast, while others were getting out the sails and boats, and our carpenters, armourers, coopers, and sail-makers, having each their respective employments, our little colony now presented the most busy and bustling scene that can be imagined. It was found necessary to caulk every part of the upperworks, as well as all the decks, the seams having been so much opened by the frost, as to require at least one, and in many parts two threads of oakum, though the ship had scarcely ever laboured at all since she was last caulked. I also at this time laid out a small garden, planting it with radishe% onions, iflustard and cress ; and a similar attempt was made by Lieutenant Liddon : but, notwithstanding every care and^ttentioQ which could be paid to it, this experiment may be cald to have, wholly failed, the radishes not exceeding an inch in length by the latter end of July, and the other seeds being altogether thrown away. Not even a single crop of mustard and cress could be thus raised in the open air; and our horticulture was, therefore, once more confined to my cabin, where, at the present mild temperature of the atmosphere, those two vegetables could be raised without any difficulty, and in considerable abundance. I nuy remark^ however, that some; common ships* peas, which wore sown by oar 15^ riople for their amusement, were found to thrive so well, that, ba4 been sooner aware of it, a great quantity of the leaves at least of this vegetable might have been grown, which» when boiled, and eaten as greens, would have been no small treat to persons deprived of fresh vegetable substance for more than ten months. It is not improbable also, that, by the assistance of glass, the want of which deprived us of the opportunity of making the experiment, a great deal more might have been done in this way, notwithstanding the miserable climate with which we had to contend* About the 31st, we began to perceive a daily diminution of the snow upon the land, the brown soil appearing in patches, where hitherto the snow had completely covered it; and on the 82d, iqi the course of a walk which we took to the Table-bill, to the west* ward of the ships, we had the satisfaction of being al!»le to fill a pint bottle with water from a small pool of melted snow, having « J quantity of sand mixed with it, a circumstance which we alwaya ound to favour the thawing process. There cannot, perhaps, bo a more striking proof of the extreme severity of the climate of Melville Island than the fact, that this was the first instance wo had known of water, naturally in a fluid state when exposed to the atmosphere, and unassisted by artificial means, such as those which I have already described as having occurred in one or two in- stances under the ship's stem, since the middle of the preceding' September, being an mterval of more than eight montiis* Thi»^ Table-hill, which is seen at a great distance on the coast, in com^ ing from the eastward, and which forms a conspicuous object ift this country, where there is so little to vary the «{;ene, lies at tht distance of five or six miles to the westward of the station of the^ ships in Winter Harbour. It rises about a hundred feet above (Im level of the plane on which it stands, the top of it not exceeding m extent a quarter of an acre of ground. The surface of it consist! generally of sand, on which are lying numerous masses of lime* atone^ nearly the whole of which, though varying in colour from white to dark-brown, have a fetid smell when broken ; and many 0^ the specimens contained madrepore. We found here also a quantity of day iron-stone, which is common in this part of Mel- ville island, together with pieces of flint, granite, and d^er sub- stances. During this excursion, too, we discovered, with pleasure, that the sorrel (Rumex digymu, Linn.) was extremely abundant in the neighbourhood of the ships, a root or two of this valuablo antiscorbutic plant occurring in almost every tuft of moss which w^ met with. No appearance of its beginning to vegetate could yet# however, be perceived ; and we began to look with impatience for the sprouting of its leaves, from which we hoped to obtain a suppl/! of ft-esh vegetable matter, of which, perhaps, in reality, we all be- gan to stand in need. About two hundred yards to the westward of this hill is another rather smaller, but very sioular in appearance, :« ISd l^ . Md compaied of Hit mom mineral aubttaaett m ttiTjMNtierib- ed ; in coming from the eaetward, the .ccond hill it noi imMMiilig hid behind the odier. Having conridered that an examination of the exiAlit and fA^ ductiona of die iabmd might be conducive to the ioiprbtimelll 11^ the geography aad natural hittory of these regions i and thegottf aute of healdi enjoyed by the crews, pemitting a certain nitmhii of men to be siwred from erch ship during their eqoipmem far aea, I now determined to undertalce a journey into the Interior, fbt this purpose, accmpanied by a certain numlier of oficera and men who volunteered their services on the occasion { and the Ist of June was fixed for our departure. The Griper's siclc-list had mw been reduced to for some tiflia put, to baffle Mr. Edwards*s endeavours to produce a favourAbte change, his complaint appearing to be more mental than corporeal, and, therefore, one which no medicine could be expected to cure. Previously to mv intended departure, I was occupied in measur- ing abase upon the ice across the mouth of the harbour^ and i|| taking the necessary angles for the survey, which was carilid?l| ^c^ eastward' beyond Fife's Harbour, principally for thepurpoMI <]|^4rater around the ships. Two ivoiy gulls ("Laru* M^ nttuj were reported to have been aeien in the course of this * " by a party employed in cittdi^ turf on shore.' ' I am now to mention ah ken to him before upon the iubject. iiaving,^tham* ii% #n|ited th^ theoflfender should be punished by wearteg upon hie Mk a badge, which would expose him for a time to the imttteiitpt and derision of his 4iipmates, I folt satisfied that no^fop |lliiktnatance%oi^ocearof an miftht prove so fotal tolheeatitfe inwhichwewei«engiged» , #^on themommg^f the 89th^ the whid increased^ to a ftedi jpe mm the northward imd we^ which continued during Ilie 1^1 with a hetovy fott^Of entHr and nt^^ veateil our seeing to the diimnee of tnbra than twenty yiutte^aiilBttd fmMp^ The foSowihg^tbiy being fine, I took my tmvelttngparty flo fbt top of the narth^eait hill, in ord«r to tiy the cart* which hlid ^1 «0iu^ucted for caritlttg the tenta and baggagtv and which ^J^Wfied to anawer vetf^m The viem from thia^iU was iKit "ytfcna to iiffei- mudi epcouragemem to our hopes ofVuture ttdr igitem^li^,^ wesl#apd. l^eeeiritiiliprteehieil^ sftm»tti)& *■ broken mil coatiiitimit turfwi of Mltd wd impratlfililt |M» Md tliii ice could not bt 1cm than from six to Mven h0%i» if ' ' M we knew It to Iw about the thipe. When to this cini wu added tha conaldenition^ that acarcely the aligbtiit of thawing bad yet appeared* and that in three weeka ... period the tun would again begin to decline to the aonthv mutt be cnnleafedr that the moet languine and enthn^iHidc 9mMi ua had ionie reaion to be ttag^red in the expcctationft thijr llP ionned of the complete accompliah^c nt of our entcrpiiit, . CHAPTER VIII. ■}i »• Jmm »>f^ J^^ Muni (oih9^l'^ri»fmi^,mdr0^ THE weather being livotti«b|o om tlie monung of dm l«l,of lone, i madn aucliairangfdnrtitMt wcr^aBCMiary, pretioiMi i»^ departure ob oun iaiaiided jfmmc^ I directed tieoteBwita |^ don and Beecihey^ to pmceed iritb all jioaaible deapatch in lie eqnipmpnt of thf ehipa for tea, having them ready to «ait 1;^.^ endof |Amc,»^ii«iiider^that WA mighl be abin to take $dvmmpi^ dn^ fiivourablejateintion in die atattt of the ice at an earlier pet||il than preaent \ appearani^ 4lowed us to anticipate. w. The par^ aeiected to a^compiny m^, out of the numei«»iia yo- lunteera on thia oceneien, cooawted df Captain 8abipe» Miifitgi. Fithcn MiM,4mdrikidf aeijea^t M*Mahon, of the nwmhmf' icant^Mnt^i of tbe.«i^Ucra, and tlnwe aelmen nn4 two mmiiiit #^nnff^ t(^#otli ahipa, paling a tpi4 of twelve^ indudin^ o^ aelf^ ^We prei^ eiq^ied with pix^tliooa for thref)!ireek»^^l^^ ing to dicdnlly proportion of one fo^ |)f biscuit, two-tl^^ of » pound of Donkin'apreservedmeatiMie ounce ofa»lcppoyd^,j^ ounce of augar, and half a pint of a j^rita, for eOTTOT trfl^ ^ntfy of the kind called h) the army horiimen^a tenti, wei^fli ^ ^afdEeta^ with two hoardin^Apikeai ixed acroaa at eacK «n%4 «riSp*rope along the top, whichrwith atones laid upott,ti|e (hdlfbr. the blan^t8»niade«f9iy comii^itableaadpprtfa^etQ,^^^ .^w" tents, with the whoW of tie provisions, tojgether with # le> to eight hundred pounds, were earthed |^p«Wt» ^rong but light cnrtte"'S'';;/>%"!?*T.'. r"''''i4: * •.,,^-TT'--TV ■a?VW«1| . ■. - ■ ^. 'l f ii 'Sr- M 156 Seo' and man was also furnished with a Uanket made into A hysi with a drawing.striug at each end, a pair of spare )^)«8 and stockings, a flannel shirt, and a cap to sleep in. The eftpthing and blatikets were carried on our backs in knapsacks, those ot^, the officers weighing from teventeen to twenty-four pounds each, and one between every two men weighing twenty-four pomids, to be carried forhalf a day alternately. Mr. Dealey, with a party of three men, was appointed to attend us for the first day's IQurnor, to assist in canning our baggage, and then to return to the ships. It was my intention to proceed as directly north as possible, and if we came to the sea in that direction, to turn to the westward, m^ing such a circuit in returning to Winter Harbour aft mi^t occupy from one to three weeks, according to circum- stances. It was proposed to travel entirely at night, if any part of the twenty-four hours could properly now be so called, when the Wn was constontly above the horizon. This plan was considered to be advantageous, both for the sake of sleeping during the warmth Of the day, and to avoid, as much as possible, the glare of the sua upon the snow while travelling. ^At five P.M. we left the ships, accompanied by a large party of officers and men from each, who wene desirous of relieving us from the weight of our knapsacks for an hour or two; and, having been Oieered by the ships on our departure, we went round the head of the harbour, and ascended the north-east hill. This route was c^Men on account of the ground being clear of snow only on the ^lSf**ii^ ^'*^****' P*"* °^ the land. Our companions leftua at ^ght P.M.,and we proceeded across a level plain almost entirely ci^vered with snow, which* however, was so hard a* ta make tlw travelling very good ; and the cart was dragged along without diffi. -ettlty. At eleven P.M.^ we came to three remarkable roun4 hilis^ comp^cd entirely of sand and masses of sandfitonc, and halted t«> dmeselose to the northward of them. Those parts of the hind whicb were clear of snow, appeared to be more productive than ttpsc^in the immediate neighbourhood of Winter Harbour, the dwarf- willow, sorrel, and poppy (Papaver iVttrficatt/f), being more abundant, and the Aioss more luxuriant;. we could not, however, Go^ct a sufficient quantity of the slender wood of the willow in a dry state, fpr the purpose of dissolving snoW for water, and were, Jierefore,obhged to use a part of the fuel which we had provided fofthat purpose. The thermometer stood at 31' at midnight. • ItTS?**^^ ^^ *°°" ^^^^^ midnight, at the distance of half a mile w^a N.b.E. direction, we came to a piece of frozen water h^ a ipUe in length, and two hundred yards wide, situated on the south Mde^of the_range of hills which bound th^ prospect from Winter llarbour. The ict, on the surface of this lake or pond, was in some narta nearly dissolved, and in all too soft to allow us to cross it. We l^erc saw a pair of ducks, one of which being white and the i i^ »a^*ak«lfeyfesiii|i;.;»ii^M*i^fe^lK'^ "fv;' 'fci-H'iw.'.iff," ■,V- i t 107 other brown, we tupposed them to be of that tiieclift Me4 king ducks (dntu SpectabilUi). We soon after came in ftigbt cended three or four hundred feet above the level of Winter Har hour, the appearance of the plain before us, which resembled a branch of the sea covered with ice, would have confirmed us in this idea. We halted at haUVpast six A.M., on the 2d, and pitched the tents on the haidest ground we could find, but it became quite swampy in the course of the day. We killed seven ptarmigan, and saw two plovers {Charadrius pluviaUa\ and two deer, being the first we had met with this season, with a fawn* so smidl, as to leave no doubt of its having been dropped since the arrival of the female upon the island. They were so wild as not to allow us to approi^ them within a quarter of a mile. The day waa fine with light and variable mrs; the thermometer stood, at 34*, in the shadef, at seven A*M., at wh'.h time it waB unfortunately broken. V At five P.M. we struck the tents, ^d having detained one of Mr. Dealey's party to accompany us, I despatched him to the shipa with the others, and then continued our journey to the northward, havingfirst made the necessary observations for determining our position. These and the rest of our observations for latitude and loni^tude, dbtained during this journey, were made with a sextant and: artificial horizon, and the longitudes are t^y the chronometer, No. 8109 of Arnold^ which I carried in my pocket. As we proceeded to the northward, the delusion respecting the level plain to the westward, began to wear off, some brown spots being here and there perceptible with a glass, which left no doubt of its being principally, if not entirely, knd. Beyond this plain, however, there was a piece of bold land in the distance, having" every appearance of an island, lying between the Blue Hills on the north, and some high land to the south. There was a bright and dazzling ice-blink over the plane of snow, and exactly correspond- ing with it, as to extent and position. Having halted three hours to dine and rest, we again set forward at two A.M^v 6(^ the 3d, crossing one or two ravines, running E.N.E. and W.8.W., in which there was a large collection of snow, but as yet no appearance of water in the bottom of them. Captain Sabine and myself being considerably a«head of the rest of the party, had sat down to waic for them, when a fine reifi'deer ' * «7^ m ^unfe trot^KUji^ f imI eliyed found U8i«r a %vmtw ol im koaXi withtuJdiiity y«r4t. We luul no guin nor do I know ihat wc •iH^itld h«ve kimd il if wt Iiad, there bemgtiareiidfM teucK weight Qpentthe cart «• (He men could well dmg; and having no fuel t» ifme for cooking; bMidee, w>e felt it would have 6«en but an ill relium for the cmifideace which he seemed willing to place in ui. Qn hearing our people talking on the opposite side of the ravine, the ^ • dwr uiimediatefycrJDisedovery and went directly up to them, with very ^tde caution j and, they heing less scrupulous than we wei«, one or two shots T^ere immediately fired at him, but without effect; o» which he again crossed over to where we wei'e sitting* approaching us nearer than before. As soon as we rose up and walked oo» he accompamed us like a dog» sometimes trotting a^head of us, and then returning within forty or fifty yards. When we halted, at six A.JM[v, to make the usual observations, he remained by us till tho rest of the party came up* and then trotted off. The rein^deer ia by no means a graceful animal; its highshoulders and fm awkward stoop in its head, giving it rather a deformed appearance. Our new acquaintance had no horns; he was of a brownish colour with a black saddle, a broads black rim round the eyes, and very white about the tail. We observed that, whenever he was about to sat off, he made a sort of playful gambol, by rearing on his hind lega. l%e latitude ola«rvcd here was fs' 06' 58", the longitude 110! 30' 32", and the variatipn of the magnetic needle 128' 30' 14" east^ erly. We had passed, during our last march, a good deal of rich soil, consisting principally or decayed moss, and other vegetabla substance mixed with sand; and the sorrel and wuufn^ (Stixifittfjp^ appOHtifolid) were more abundant than before. A fog, which had prevailed during the eariy part of the day, having cleared away m the afternoon, we struck the tents at five P.J^*, imd having travelled three quarters of a mile, came t6 # ravine not less than a hundred feet deep, and in most -parts neai^ perpendicular. A place was at length found in which the eart could be got across, which we succeeded in effecting, thrqugh^eiy deep snow, after an hour's labour. On the north side of this ra^' vine large masses of sand-skone were lying on the surface of tlut ground, over which the cart could with difficulty be dragged ; and we remarked on this and several other occasions, that the stones which were bruised by the wheels emitted a strong smell, like that of fetid limestone when broken, though we coold never discovei ^ any of that substance. In some of the sand-stone we foun^ pieces of coal embedded ; and some large pieces of a slaty kind of that mineral, which burned indifferently, were also picked up ir the ravine. We had hitherto, as we judged, rather ascended than othei,*wise since leaving the north-east-hill of Winter Harbour, and thehet|^t ctf this part of the island may be estimated at three or four hun- ■^■■^ J^-' 159 drttd feet above the level of the mk. At two oiilet isid'A quftrter t© the north w»td df the ravine, we entered upon » enowjr plait}, of which we coidd nbt see ttie termination to the north waird* <|iere and there onl|^«^ cftmt^ Cd a small patch of uncovered l«adftt»>«ie of which we obiei^ed the aand and sand-stone to be tin|^d of « light briek cdoup. We halted to dine before midnight, havini made good, by our account, a diittance of o^Iy five miles, and thi^ with difl^H^Tf the snow being soft, which m«de travelling very !#• borious. We found here nothing biit two small pools of dirty water, but, as it was of importanee to save our wood in ease of ac- cidents, we went on an allowance of half a pint of this water eaeh, father than expend any«f it in melting sno^, a process r«c|iiirin|^ more fuel than perhaps those who have never made tiie expei-imem ili*e aware of. Tlhtere was no vegetation in' this pluce^ even the - poppy httving now forsaken us. At t#o Vtloek dn the morning of the 4th we continued oalr jdumey to the northward, over the same snowy and level plain as defore, than which it is impossible to conceive any thing more dt^eary and uninteresting. It frequently happened that, for an hour together, not h single spot of uncovered ground coittld bei seen. The few patehes ef this kind forcibly reminded one df the de- seripttpn given of the dMe9 in the dcseits of Africa* r.o Only be^- ftauie Ihey rttieved us for a time fro / ;he intense gla^ of the fiiiHi tljidfi the snow, which was r^.i^'-i^el' ^^pit c*sive to the *;ye8, but becaliiiie It Wis on these alone that rv. cci^ld pitch our tents tores^ or that we could estpeet to meet -vith any water. The breexe fft!?t tKat •hey w*;ve sailors, seta iMrge blanket upon the tart as a sail^ which, upon the present level gl^ttnd^ was found to be of material assift^nce. Fh^snow Was Iniepr 1^ mther soft, which mstde the travelling heavy ^ and as the Hflad produced a good deal of suow-drift« ni^st of the bare patched df ground bec«me covered up, so that wheh our time for halting had arrived, not ii piece of groui I could be W;n on whith to pitch the tents. Captaiiiv Sabine and myself wetft if. ward Ho look out for aipot, and at le^i^h were fottunate to meet with one, on which th«»e was just risom for otif little encampmenr. It was with som<6 difficulty, by building a wall with stones and our knapsacks, that we prevented its being covered with snow before the party came up, which they did at half-past seven A.M., having travelled ten miles in a N.W.bi«N. direcuon. We saw a few foi. -tracks, but no animals, nor the smallest symptom of vegetation, during this marchi It is not imptt>bable, however, •hat these snbWy plains, when unco* vered by the warmth of summer, may present a more luxuriant yi^ getation than is elsewhere to be met with on this island. By the time we hod secured the tents the wind blew hard, with a cominued fall as well as dHl% of snow* so that we could hot but > ■' \\\\ r^^VT ^j'' , 't.o»«. ' *j>« '(w,(ji'H .'1^ M/'niuiM^^rMii^ii H \if \\ 1^ cim^Q^^nfynrnMit in having met with • spot of wound in gopd time. Notwith.tw»ding the inclemency of 5w weSher w^ ^iJ?L.^"^f T* "• ^'-y co«efortable IndnumS^^i^^ die out being tilted up to windward of them, so as to breS S wme measure the violence pf the wind , and when wrapped up, ^ rather enclosed m our blanket-bags, we were generaUy Suite wim enough to enjoy Ae most sounTand refreshing^^r I may hoover ^llcTS/? »»^ *»^ A«J?o««»t the tfnts ^Tere pitcH However short the time for which it was proposed to halt, evcr^ mm wa. directed immediately to change h?s shoes and stocWnS^ i?L*^±^*~" time had his feet exaSned by Mr. Fistr. S duZtLl^rKi?**'**'''!'"'^ '"'^y''' 8«t our things dried ai mWn?^i?"^^S- ^^ ««"»5^«t boots and stockings after resting atoS««^fo: 7^" ''.^' '^1 °"*y ^"y *° make1:ertain of dr? hLur X rf-^^***"^ *"* *"** ** ''^ '^''''' «"" ^*» ^'^^ ^« in half an consequence. I insist the more on this circumstance, because It IS to our attention to these prec^iutions that I attribute the good health we xnjoyed during the journey. To this, indeed, we had one exception, Captain Sabine having suffered some uneasiness from indigestion^ ,n cpnsequence -jf having eaten some of the salen. IIJI IhI^*^ Tk***** **"\^y *'**°^^" '° *^« **«*' togetheririth^a little medicine, the complamt was soon removed. It is scarcely possible perhaps to imafl^ne the comfort which was afforded in this MstMicc l«r the small quanUty of fuel we were provided With, as it enabled us to furnish CiH>t»in Sabine with one or two warm mes- ses which ^chiefly contributed to his recoveiy ; and we, therefore, determined to use no more of our wood except Under similar cir- cumstances. It continued to blow and snow till seven PJVI., when the wind ^ving jeered to the 8. W., and become more moderate, we struck ine ten^ J and having now placed the men's knapsacks on the cart to enable them to drag with greater facility, we proceeded on our journey to the northward. We passed a narrow but deep ravine lying across pur course, in some parts of which the snow reached ne. rly to a level with the banks, forming a kind of bridges or cause- Ijrajs, on one of which we crossed without difliculty. The men ^ftad hoisted one sail upon the cart at first setting off; but the wind being now, as they expressed it, «*on the larboard quarter," a se- as well as relirf!' "^^*^ ** * main-sail, to their great amusement After crossing a second ravine, on the north side of which the ground rose considerably, we entered upon another snowy plain. Where there was nothing to be seen in any direction but snow and Sf Ji'' "^^I'^ ?' T*^ dreary, a thick fog came on as the nignt advanced, and as this prevented our taking any mark more .■if m l^m fifty Of i hiittdlM jrairds «-head, we iMdl t6 place tht'tompias, t^ which we were ndW entirety travelling^, upon the grbCMJfd eveiy five mlnatet ; and- It if traversed wHh peat ■faijjgisbness; ^f ^i^p a vety crooked -asld lutcertain conrae. For iliore than tliki^|ijni we did not paw a single spdt of uncovered ground^ iipir^e^% atone projecting iliove the snow. "^'^ The wea^r being at length too foggy to proceed, ^e eat dow^ on oui'knapsacks for a short time, and then cOtttititted oldp jpum^; the fog being somewhat less thick. At one A.M. ott the 5th, wk came to a ^w large stones sticking up above thd sncMri and aa the people Were a good deal fatiffued, and I wasat «te ikiue tliNie desirbtki^ ii«tt6 tun the risk whicllf ikiight be incuiv^ by 4ul'- feting them ^ lie upon the snoW, we determined to try what cduld be done in piekttig out the stones, one by one, imd pavihg a spot for th« tents over it. This plan succeeded, and' after aa hour's wbrk we completed a dry, though hard flooring for our en- cfltmpmetjti; This being properly Our dinner-time for the 4th of |mie» dra^g^i^ mealltM been unavoidably delayed beyond that day, we dtd' Hot forget to drink His Majesty's health in botli tents, not aWare at the time that our venerable Monarch had many mdQths befo)re pa^d the 4«itt>f nature. Iwe ibg cohttmijMt too tMck to allow ue to m^ve etill sik A. ML at which time we reaimed oitr journey. ^^ was a broad ^|e cIlN'^nct hl2e-bo#df very white and dazding light dittctly oppo- site the sttiii. The wi^l^er being stUl too f^ggy to see imon^ %hin^ a qum^ler of a mile a-head, it was with considerable dlflfeully^lii^ wi leotdd pifoeeed on a tolerably straight course. To^'^eet jtHtfy k was neMssary to defermine the point on which we wflfe Mking by the bearl!^ of thft'sun, winch was stiU visible, and titc! a^pal^nt ttise, ahd then to tidce e mark a-head by which our course was to 1^ ^rtetii^dii From the thickness of the weathier, however, it wap niweiti^ to riepeatdiii operation every five or ten minutes, which'; ttii^l^^ with me uAi^^ whiteness and intense glare of die snoW> bie!«eae^o esftremelf jpaiofttl to the eyes, that Mr. FIAer and my- self. Who went a-heacrasr guides, soon became aiFected with snow;- blittdneiRl, ihM the headmost man at the cart, whose business it was eoillujttiy to w^teh cur motions, began tc suffer in a similar manner, -and f^^ the same cause. We had now also frequent ot- casion to experience — what had so often occuired to us during the winter,<— the deception otcasioned in judging of tV': magnttudeSy and cw which of thia. twoTiJSd r^J! u^? ""• PBXlJri «• *y tpot for th« t.^ wW»kS^ 17^': *'"»8 ""hwl » goad WwthU journey I LroSv/dtC!?' .'T ' '""^ **"^^ «' I R «ttr daily jouiiief l»«d been perfomied, WheiWrer fheiwiiliooiatw Visible. That this wm by no mtant the ewe, though evjJJiOT"- hU attention i»ra« paid to it, will appew clear from an ina ft^cit^ot our track upon the map, which is laid down by the actual ^gj**; tions of two separate persons from dav to day, J»^ »f,J'»*«5£ material error «ftild have occurred. Myteiaon fordwelKng oftott this circurabttnce is to point out the «ctreitf« UabiU^ to^ error ij» laying down by account the position of any pomtat which ajialri*- ler may arrive after a journey of severalliandrrd miles, J*"^" mark I cannot but consider to be peculiarly ap|il>cablejo the jow- tiey of Heame fit)ra the Hudson's bay «ettlem«^nt8 to *« woret « the Polar Sea, on the nortliem coast of Americs, m many hunIth- east; now appeared a separate island, which it afterwards pwu to be, and Which l named after iny friend and ieMo'w-ttavclter, Captiiin Edward Sabine, of the Hoyal Artitterv, The brow of this hill, which, from the best estimate I could form, appeared to be from four to five hundred feet above the level of the sea, W|^ tovered with large masses of sandstone, over ^^^n/* «^ scarcely get the tAeds of the cart. I^e then deaccade* the hill, ^idi the intention of pushmg forward to determhic whether the ^hitc and level apace 1>efore us was the sea or not We ifad not proceeded for, however, when the douds b<;gao to gather heavily in the south-east, and shortty after snow and slcet^began to fau. Being unwilling, therefore, to allow the men's clothes to be wet, Vhen there was no absolute occasion for it, we halted on apiece of dty ground, and, having built a wlU six feet high to shelt^rua from the weather, pitched the tents very comfortably under thclcc of it, till the weather should allow us to proceed. ^ , We ^; saw one or two flocks of geesn^wliich, to judge t.Ma /^^f I ihmt wb^*. 2 wc afterwards killed, were probably b£«n'-8«e»«<^ ^'^^^ : B.irnkia\ and were the first living animals we had met wiGI tor ^wo vr three days. We had occasienally, during that timen aeen tipon the snow the tracks of a solitary deer, but even these secHteii .^:r, i \ u l\/, iSJch a a«c^ ; .lu J^r .f"**.* *»»»^ «hro^ugh much deep anpw, of •m wlch we imm!^;.^^^^^ "*"''-• i« it parallel to the Uncof the ^e'to wMcrw^^^^^^ r»l«»t*iilWW^ mode of cmj^g oiU^ Wggtge. It ftoif itt tit^^in the ehnM irttli • fred» bwe<|^irolii ih* iwftl^ ■ili^tll«teglfc t»t» lente wew^ mtche; whik *e whole of the shore^ as fares Ii;ould see with a glass, to the westward of Point Nias, bore evident ma^ks of *at tremendous pressure which is produced by fields of ic^ when set in raotiCori. The floe of ice proved to be four^en feet four inches in thickness, and it «ii» ten at night before cmr' people cot through it, so as to admit ^^ water; it^in fiowed lip wiittiin Mteen inches of the ««*; per surface of the ice, by wtuch some idea ma^ be formed of i^- apecific gravity of the latter. The water was not very sak, o£wil% probabfy to its acquiring a dt^|;ree Of freshness, in forci^ itself tliifwgh an apatiire 50 enii^ia to require liiree qmntivi of tt r < ■^1 ^7 ''■«* hi 'fa \ v^ MK i mi lu 1 1 K ' ' ffi ■fesi- m ^^^^Vrf*,u 1 V ^^^^^Sl iH 1 ^^Bk^ '' |B^* V v ^^^^^/ 1 ' , m^ ^^^wfr m w\ u| h^HIk^ " ^ 1 CI ^He^^^ 1, M^ ■E^t |io«r «r«ir«rp'^^ hole to lit pi^fBrWiNA'i a' tmattliimall^r ii, iMiriiW; wMJtiflteiMt 19 cbBthlet «ick of Qi^ tfMilt wat the A UjpM which ^e w«rfr vtMi^ft and ; a fihiiheiiwai fiUed^ ordir td'try ite ipetti6c|ra^aiin(Hirtf«iita TKe tlilek- a^ of the ke oa thie coiiit^ il' 4Mii(Mned: tMth diar fh Whit^ H«rbeur, the Ibraicr beM% doablv thai of tfie other, aiaf afftrft tight appear to be aa iadliiiitldii af a aMie ievera elHtoate on this than oa the icmthijiii toaet'of Mihrflle MMakIt hilt fhle circani- ateaee is enllf eoedtfitfetf ftfr bjr oHmt^Mi thilllia I^ of a har- Iwur is» at we klidw bf «i|i«iieiwe,illtlmBiiilo#of a truglfc^in- ter; whereat, ott an 6peirakid>:et^odlid'bclieh,lik^'ieeei(ii{jonbiing' taken hold' dfl^ '^^^ We dttted at tnidnight^ ^d at^hil^^ oae Aifilv Oh the 8|^ ek the bntt» aid^di«#tH)Er cart'tothihiigheir^ here w€ occupied t#0 hb^ \U cc^i^ag^i^«D^iiybeat^ which is Of aet^icid%irm, twelve feet broad at the bat^, and tte ihaiiy in liei|rht.' Within itwere deponted a €n cylinder* ^doatiaifiattf^ ^ account of the party who had left it, andoiie oT twd iilverteid ^p- per English oonit. Thit nor onument saky be teen at teverid aiUit* dittance from the sea or land side; and, as greijt pains were takiein by Mr. Fisher in constructing It^ It mi^ probably last fin- $,hiig peiAodoi yearti ^ Baving now satitfactca% d^ttrmir ^he -extent of M^ti^ille Maid to t^e northward upon thit m n. Which oorreiilei^d^ ' ^r||rn^ai%^ with that «f Winter Barbour, and finitfaed 110 w%e- -^uilite Obiet^^ttions, I proposed {liicirtuing our jotmiey tdwird#^1d»e, Bkie Hills, which were stitt in sig^t at the distance df seiM^ leago«# to tht wet^jurd; ai^d Jia¥iiig ad«Raced «b the aoo^mt Ii7 ^in^Miht to,ifi«% i^moitoiw rooii to thi •bi yfMlA « W. |i^#ttC^oa» ill order to ktep «Pk a m ^ _ Yerr4lft|rfliiimiiv«KPim<^th ^ WeM^B-^ ocaisi«%Mi^|0!>Mtic«»»it|QO| u prodiMtd by th« A.|j^ on iiikM Mibgi9^ m iN fof^M^^I* tlie ilrifai, M wbiii^ i|« HmI y«« in^luicf d m our jopiii|r» n^ mU4^ mm. MtmuA. fAem to % liiiblNUo^l^ of WMf**^ •»#«»% m W flitiiolranioft oiilwpwM to,ti(w*»bfe.t.iWttaFiMi* « Wa|ri«ilf> •iQolffHili^ OtttW bttvolos FP^Nt biiMMNM appoaciai ipd H ip fffPiMrfo tbi|| ikm^mmmmm^m*^ witbibo dung of tbeto mm^mmffPM of Ibem diirios tbo joiinity. A» tooo m wi.|i4 Jpii|ti4» w% Heidff kmpwck bad,drqDMd,|)4l 4» «|ilt|^bo bid,:^v«|pirf t to 19 hick to, look j^M^w^Am^m^ .pv^«ff9 t^cbck» .bttKpiiio siMi^ a^Bi^to^^ «M|^^ to ,|l^||ei^l)^ly,ia)Ie toMoWwoyiotbb t««tt* liat<#eii^^ ^i%|||||Bi«n^ to ibeir |b« ii4v«i9tM9»^ ind f v«ii. iho p«cftt||||^ tmi#ii#nti»»I|Jii^^ a««» clMiiflMl^cit tj^oM^ d|^ ^Oght li^ diy iapvitably ifoi^i^t «b(|u;t;ii9lf %ttile dip^t ^m tlM, M% coiimaBdiiig iui,o|l!^ vi^ f^^Wiii uUpul l^4 Ci^ Fliliaf^ jpd tbo WM^ <^li^%.^^)«Bnr|il^oiii» » fhon bps mit «l|tiaii«d|pi4|iiy||uiir^ bi^ftt^j^tii^^^p^^ jHf,oi% biid» w9:MKf'imm0m kfrnM^Bmnimmh wWcb ir^w .k|tt«4 by Mtr Fi||w«i ^|I%« iRu i^e oioM» «iid Aif m tboi^Mip o| glial ) m4w!^,imm»m^ tbe firit time tii«i «e«poo, the iSiurf/^Miy^ ^^j^^^^pm^jiirH^^ oeci«r.in the Hjiete^e lli|||i^4^^<^l^i^4 «t Wiiiter Haibpiiir on the ioDoirint^te* At n q|iiil^.|^ we jfitiunmsd our jotunfy^ ^ utike gottth^w<^;ilp»^ i^j^F crf^ « iffio^^^^iba ini)o«id»9Uiir- tN- m. ^idlh, eiMMing to the set tothe nortb« and •%£««• the eye coold reach to Uie south. When wa had tmveUcsd fivj^ milef, we beg^n to a«c«n4 Ponsidenibly,.and wcire now entering, upon the 91ue IlUli^ the higher pa^ts 0'wh|ch, however, were three pr four lea»ie« dii»iani top! we«ifard oC us. , Jtaving travftUtd S.w.b.W^s^ven nilles, we iudtedrat hall an hour bt%i nii4ntg^ 9t the 4>*^<^t^ol^iill|ip #r 1^ frop Ibft sw» the;:i^hiw being verycleif pid fipoi^ wit|i n ^nodfr^itt jb^enei^om tm 0k§^3^ during the lasf inarcn we passed oyer, m^cktune^en girQund,.j(if lipiGh a gMaf^^deipi wps^^^»iase|ly wetr^ m^ wulrH^'t an4^paiEi "tli.f^ grass her«;|«camo^^i^ and* interspersedjMIO^ ir<^ai^i-» 90Bio^sorrel^b«^9lli«:~to apke i«i f^ppeArance. glipe or Sftl ^■r S4\-SABv*'>^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 1.25 ItiKA 12.5 ■50 ^*^* H^H Ui Uii 12.2 ^U4 ^>' > o 7: / a Hiotographic Sdences Corporation n •s^ <> '4^^4i^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 "^^ f'.^ ^ ST-, iJ!*LT*i»'». mi .ff^-^vi^'- j*>ja.*w».ii^- jAi^ •yi»^ i't-«*i:^n*St!iJ^ I'll ::)^ "I'^J ."^■'^*f'*^H!) f^l^^Wir^jf^lSJ ^^t.^ V> /<•« MiW^. '^^.^'i ^*m^m^^, ,'*~4^' m^^ x>. \k "m^m^^U, n-. >'!?>?■ >:v. . ■iai"' ■■•."■,•-■■. '■ ».-i.rfHiV,ii%»^^ ' "x i i i i >»i i.» ai> •ww.tiito ' '*' )-,*'- r^m^$^;^. m:%'m=^:mim • 169 tUl^t qttUton ot^t taikf «illiMr«iitly ctonected withtlwr 401(1 whieli it reotthtd otirtitmoat ^xerdoo t^-ef«MM» tnt'il kii^r iliin ^itriMfiiii «h« AtthUe, flnd tlir^l^iMr ^Oii^, ^ tUblwpie c^iKd with a<«ep and toft show^inW^feliiliiMi^^ of dtt cMt itti^ Mifr^ to the axle, ip tha#w4 cwiei:|iirt6l^ we cohtlniied our jomwf tinillalf ^tev^n* to give th4m a chanCie of drying, tad then htfllid^^'^ o%lniv«^foiiraiilet^inv8.W*direetl^.* We ttM^nHl' diwcct>l aorrilW^iioniisjpirtB vi toll |rafaaf$ itafti*^^ ye|H«eiffeihr'^h#^idteof^ ai^^encevviid liiiUMt e iitiieV i i ft;^^ £«r>tani%0l8iiidtt«^ of ge^«e were all the fii^iiig^lfeiitel ai^, hoc We paasid ie#eial tracle« and honta off deer. ' < '' ^^"^ 4i4t faalfwt two A.M^^ni'llie tOA, woalrachI^A^R^ittaea wMev which, with the «ieeM^ of a^pMh liiitt aiid there, tHia^iithrtily covered '^liflh attow. The «!iieli' pumtier our journey, and we began to liii i^t! for a ip0t'^4^§M in^ibme pmi 80 as toiaake iidi^^ bank; We werritteo^fbrtonate ih finding inarbs^i^ ol«mw,leadiiig tit <''l .^^^m^ii .r^^i^s* ■^^'^;4;^ ^ ^|to| •'■'"'fep-^sfei-' 18 of 'ii» ^SrihL • L_i^' *T*»*^ HthiOi w^ ia»*. .J!!Sr* f?l;wff??^ ^'"'^f'^WTRSJWf'-.sJS!-, wr3«t*. =»*«., ■jww^ " "' ,' g''^-' M"'- fj 1. fmr* iMiflilite was thimfeiv taken ol^ to the botlotn, #liiy» the tents went fntehc49i^:< vli##t beittg lilftiirfaRCe she cm^mkt^AimH^ The latitude 4»baaf^ h«fe «al U' mm*/^ clirbpoapfier^ tU?' ^'.iv the uiii4#M^r €M!||,af^ a«H^pi«r,ihelPejBplfi beiiitg a.gOQd.4^ j<>f«i|Msy»v3KW«.4Paii^|iere*n greataumbor oC/^i^g^f^'^* ■'^ j^i|Mi» 9MaMii^«n«ir'^bfittin^ ' * ^p;«««M«diiMC«iI»t*^it of the;caft^li^b|^9#«^#i0|ailMi we «ei».|^di|ia>iniil:e0i8e of it in4:oolung;AjHi^pte9^i^^ aiMed^«9 ai|oih^8iiaB|ituQus;.niea^«'^, .^Itle i|ot|l9fraap«# tlMito wIlo^Ap^n^Kiiei^ciqpcrien^d it,to »QUi|tiii^i|9i|9^ aiip^tliiiit^%ifipi'liMluk«H^^ «f«i«e' Jiiying,^ii^dj|s.*^ |^iptKl4^foriK^ioe^,tiiiie,inihiari8^ f^tmate^^ ,11»ii>^* I»ili|ei»«d»fl»iMitay^GH». wl^fih ,we pfln(#m «y w* Wipk^i * hacdll«^wn,.whentR|eenQttt;<^il|ilj|J{am^ Jqi)l^'our'aningein«#f with^Dnpeiebto^the ' i[##t»ee»«afy thatf ac$i of mmf^ •»« §»;Mm thfe, .o$Gei:%^!|>o| |.<|l».'4iiten^«h9i!t#l m sJf ^i|hek#|fiB^raiifi«t ►IBB».;Wf|» ^ ,_. nea#ip^ w>ii!»te -^e of |N4P99k.f2iive le.Q^e J^IEOe »pot» W fcad yet^iicen « < kM^iiiicira iliviidaat M ftm«ili _ _ . , , >;ittW|«0». theltered Wd fivjr --" *|fii|^»,^.M|t^ ftaMo^ fl^ with i r^umui^n » |%aii93i4^4M» ;fjB>ig»aft to o'clock, and »we i>^W"»^^^ "■ *)P^''^^^R fiMttfi^ . . ^--& ji ^ m' /ii US # .«fe.«eU it t^ the we«tvird««iid tlu»4i.WQuld iteonte rV?^ •»* •• the ft upon the we, ttte ia«q(l^^ J^qg toned thi^!e..tD ftfdceed tplbe "•2S*r%*^^*^ ^ ""«• "» • M.W. dimtwuv we ifMi A.M4«elr tbe^aottth-eelt p«rtof. the lahmdi iiMfh |4^y B,y frlr^ Mr, Hopper^ mka4mi!rSSt4mbt s J,> «ri^4bc» Utf^Iiiiff ome * iidf o£ the ijil^ m we kn^jfii ^minm^, endowing it le the mtmmkt^Sat mota tban m*> I2f*ff^ ***!!*•****' *»««»i «wy«I«to5 iMtee w»tN«g Jtee ebi^Atfe^wmitt hw i«*||gi|||B^^ waters IpS ^u^^iet fer thit iniepoiei w|i«iep^olthe|M«|}r ^ mJ * ^TO^ ** **** '*^ **'»^ welMSit«dfwk| ^^i|ii^,,*j»^gs^..5»««^^ in gy ftom tot c hnt t lit i' w d«di ant, 22tE2 *»*y*«*# •'♦"•Mfc ■.^..^ !»■ '■."'il^jtlgait; .: .'*^¥^^i,i^'fi^^ ;]^'^ 1^— I. «llIl .JHi>*ifcl> llllllllll tiin..^ ^,:i-..jaf.^ . , . ^J , Jl^^^k>. i>,.f^-f ■^^%*"-?Ww fcf-rr —' W^s^i^^^i^^s^is^^ ~'0frim^. ^ " W^wsfffy^'- * u^ ',«<-;'' jig'4>Jjsatf«K'«\^v ' 4 J ^.- I ?K ^ ^V*i4<,-y^,, ..K,' . .,7' ''•^i^^^ f^..^(. >..#^,.}; ^^ ■«-*i. ■■»fi^,r,'^i}i(li^iL^' '!'=--^%kT'i^.|wss*3^. v"-jJ« «!»» one Of th* hatcnte^ft ^ir>,y*«iW ey of Mi ,» mlitifilflli rdtsMiklqr 1R!w:" m ••v; «"*«• '*!?^i.'«^ hot weiCAw* «»»«^ i^kWghrtwuiidlhrftJ ^^^g^^y^S! :.A*f..* flVi'T-' ^-^^*'* til, tiftiiijg^S^^^^ «ri ■■ +>. B-' ■4 ^ -'^^ ■P-" '/ " ^^1 ^w^ ■ V , ^r-i_^ M^.L',it.Tit ' ^J 'J^^^^^H ;.4JH '^'iJ.= ' -1-1^ ^Jt -. -.-*- •H.- |ipi(inii»l,|i|ii,i|iWi ITtt ^' ti«lik»*» fiMMi^wouUbe iiMntf to ctooiliilict, but wiml 4f IttttB^willlitt ft few hmidrcd yw^ oi th« hilla, wh«tt : toMMititt ihn^l pieMft lytng •• th« aurlKtr with ■ IMi lUKfMliMr, tlM tollbfti^gtSU qaitoiftftdf. We hiked r^ fiUl«^;|klleii VeloelB, living tnivelkd eight miles grtwid,' aadl with the enow 9» to our hneea in 16wt. ;Wfe net^ith no Uving ftlimalt dqriag tiiie r, iaiidll 1BM]^ be re|iMrfced» geiyerftlljr, that we lINkN^Hiiie <^ ei^iy kind more abundant near die tea ;;«iiK^p^ithawprth coaat of Mehdl^ likmd, which ia ' them eilbeietence. . ;of remiiBiag hero till after noon on the 15lh| ■» Ibrideteifalriniag the aitilatiooortheTabl»* AameNif nwhidk ift the laoMteOMiiieiioiM objecft da titoiit^aawoll ae a marie for the aacWage in the Biqr and Griper, dm neopic were employed eariy ill tM log pttimea to uie top of it, where a monument tti tiaane in breaiidi at ite bate, wae erected by Mr* fiiiiiipMr ofKiiader, «^^ of our virit, this It. fei die waaatime, Captain Sabine and myeelf iecliii obtahiing tho neceaaary obiervatione, by which 1^ ihe^MU was Ibnadto be 741^48' 33^ ita longttida '^\maA ^ ;variatio*of the auignetio needle ISS* 0»' 30^ jbcCcwogieciiaome account of the minevala found' kooii^ laraH only add on thia ant^^ect,. tthat^ mmomg l:ap«^meii|a now added to our coUeetioi^ w^a a piroodf fiMmfll|ttii(B.lbotof the wtetemmeit of Jba twb and scfiiiratety upon the aand; Itaiayih#:iai|ft» Het^ iMWiaiialiritowirdB t|w aaaibr any a|ipiM«» ^ll^oOng* but nothingof thia kiadwaa fin* iptct ^a cammandingone, aa fatto the weal* jbeafiiigi :^^kmitmSfif» were completed, ire act off Jbr. Win« thiiviBgjiliaed over much rich and wet gioiind^ iMmi^wmkmom began to put finth ita laa-vea with !|«rfl^oa1|k!««id at a^nren F.il„ hiwifig bean 'metj _ d iMoit hr io»to aae to ^^gg^i^eaikMik Ai^00^ii^fm9iii0''iimiCi tm^l^tP'^ appeared . ) 'ffr in -.1 '"'V' "Tm"'" '•-^-'/'^■■■^■■"-''-fj' ■' "■■ n*- iff ■ |.||| 'Vitt/ilMiiiilliiiB'illliin'iiii Ii"ii1 ■ 'm' r'~Tii ■;ii*««rS«i!*ifl|S^ij^.r« . •("fS!iM»l^ty*«iV'a*i'ri 3; , ::i0m^^;$^^!^^ smmm^f"^-' mitf ■.ftfm".^^ ^sm^, T»^P*J IW %?■, ^.•'<*^iiiN»#*' * \ C»AftM he. ^fii '.': •>«■: <.>i' " ■!"■* |?'-t iiimMifm wih^jh upon ^ Beth cmI fikt Bmm hidm I^JM |Alpj|tflir--;Sto awilfa i i rflj^ madeim.$I^UikrB»(iowr, I HAD the liippiwBM to ftad, mt my return, thtt the «6|om« and IMS fai liotli eliifli^atiotted t»«nj wh» wai'tiili the oal^niB hi the li^ieWe Mek4iit, «i€ whoee coni|phriBt eecwed eoch ae t^ htltk t¥Wf iittteiii|K>thit hid been oiede te orodinie a» ameiidittehlt A ediiitiiif dil)Meiti{iii to ftiMtaif nd a hngtthl cort bf deefinitpBr hid heeoy l»r toiie tiew peM^ the aaljr eifMsCome wMdl la#wM Mk E#iriMd»«htMiidBab iJhe«»ti4M»ihi^ iili^elNii«thli«e tthiidiiidf neeeeeai^ toilieiMMilnie in* a^^tiNi io|>eihirfen«oefHiM'frfr the week et^ DurilMtt^ abteteee he had beetl much worse than before, n6tirithetiii^ii|fllM tt«WM«l«ite and attention pikt to hhtif bathe waino#:te^ i^oci hetrnti M$ had Hved ahnoet entirely on die ptavaiMin aMd^d^lli» i#^»liicli« ^dBi:»Mit quantify had beenfroetRvd tn eetH dii eiill' aMi %invhle«oMM In bwh ehipe abondandy^ and tone had it illi'^ tiiiehieK iisttedto any other ofioNr or man in the elMHlSoii^^ :- '*&m mjikpmm tit the-ehipe hnd «o«eoa aatielnctoiilr dtiite li^M«|«nee, ihllGripe^beinf neatly iready flar eea, the i^eli^ ^(^ItWlbrirwd, on aeco^ hiemf irwk with^e b^hMt^ ori»ilioh?ei]tl^«fiii« tone had been bpenght oh board t« eon|^ die defi^l«iBy of liveil^ hi her hokte. The eorvey of the p^ieiene, HiMt idd «dier eieiM was completed, aad the quantity aiid ^mdi- tidll df dMi^ wldi^ie ^ceptioh'of the kmon^uice and vkiegit* before mentianed^ wei« found to be eadsfactMy. Indeed, tM^ whole of the pfDvisieM was ascertained to be as good as when ilt CiMe ontof stOie,inorethan twelve anonths before, eicctit a siM0 qnanlity «f bi«ad and of sugar on die outside part of a few cu^ oil #hieh a litthrinoistttre appeared, and which made it eiqpniiaipt lottse thdse articles first. This evceltent eute of our pimiilaiia iH^lty independently of the antiseptic uroper i ies of ainld'diMif, nilGh h unlavOHrable to fh» pocess of putrelaction or thetttenNld- .-t"-. ^^PfiiP^PwP J W^ ^^v" latton of Ytniiin, b« ntinly attrlbnttd to the mm which had bmi taktn to lupply ut with eireiy articto of tht bttt Quality, aadtt path the whole hi itrong, tli|ht caakt, which wera at on«e Imper. vjeoa to water, and leM liable to danaM by accldenta hi the hSd. with mpect to veraiin, I oMy here aiCiitloa, that not a mouae, or rat, or inaagot of any kind, ever appeared on board* to my know- ledge, daring thii voyage. ^ A veiy parceptiUe ehange had taken pUMo In the lee of the har. bour OB iti upper aurftee, it being covered with InnuMerabla poob ?:?2W •?**?y "w^k^'h. ««««P« €>«>•• In-ahore, where tha tidea bad lifted the ice eoneiderably above the level of the aea. PrtvUniely to the boatinoance of the narrative of oecurimeM 4ilbi^tic^ to my ratum from the land-jburney, It nay ha praper to ttlve ettme account of the obMfrva^oni made on board the ahipe by Lieotenanti Liddon and Beeehey , daring my abaenco Ibm Win- ter Harbbor. "^ From thews it appeart, that the fim red phahirope, (i>hiihr90iu Ph$i/rmck09)y and also the fim ilock of tnow-buntlnga which had been obeervcd at Winter Harbour this season, were seen on the adf^Jnne. . ; It is perhaps worthy of remark that, from eiriit P.M. ■ . ■ ■- ''v.;. h-?;^,..,,. ,. ^.. , IT4 •««k of twelve kinf-ducks, Hying to the north-aaatrtoMliiar 1^ tfslagbt^raven and an arctic gull, made their appaaraiMO on the ad|M# a foldan plover was also killed, and a few othen aaaa oir^atday» The thermometer rose in th4 shade from 19" at * Aliit«^i».4fl*/ atnooo, which is one of the greateat changea that iHiSPfi^eiienced in the course of one day at this part of the scale. On m 4th, Lieutenant Liddon caused Hi! Maiasty's Urth-di^ fio^^«onioiemorated in the best manner that the situation oi^llia shii^ would permit, by hoisting the ensigns and pendants, aad^di- reeling foU allowance of provisions to be served to the erewi. It Is remarkable that, at Winter Barbour, the weather was fine, and tile Wind moderate Irom the S.S.W., during the 4th, wMbi at a few, l^gues* distance to the northward, we exiierienced a hard gale from the soutbwM^, with continued sno.r aad a heavy drift. On »^^*» the officers remarked a more perceptible thaw than before, bflth^on shore and on the ice, many pools of water hav^g appear* adiht^wplaces on the Iscter, and the snow disappearinglistfiroiA JlNtiMidvf though no streams of water were yetseen^ the neigh- houihood of Winter Hariwur. FhKjke of docks and geese wei« from this time seen almost daily for the next six weeks, except ha- t^.^.^ . r4 ,ay!S3Mi^:l««vfii^il4i^**Ci^V- ,■;.- r^ 179 flMdittoljr abotit tli« thipt, from which the game of eveiy iMirM •CMred Mon tfter thtir arrival from the southward. On the fth, LiautenaBt Liddon waUied over the ice to the en- trance of the hariMNVy wheii there wat not even eo much altaratlott perceptible at abont the ahipe { indeed, every thing remained eiaflM If the Mune» to all mpearanee^ aa in the middle otwinter. At ftvo P.M., the weather being hazy, and a light thewer of mow fallings J n strongly {nismatie n&bow appeared, a phenomenon of rare ocr- l cnrrencein these regions ; it had, I believe, nothing abont itdiffittr- •nt from those observed in other climates. On the 9th^ the first seal was seen, lying upon the ice } near the mouth of the haibottri and havlnc a hole doae to him, as usual f as we never anir moilr than one of these animals here at a time, and that vfrj^rarely^ it waa comnMn Ibr us, whenever this did occur, to remark that the . aeal hadlieen seen, and the same mode of expression waa as nattt*> rally and more justly applied to the bear seen in the autumn soon af^r our arrival here* So few, indeed, are the l^limala in thia neighbourhood, whieh either live in the sea, or derive their subsist- ence from it, that it is scarcely poasiUe that the Esquimaux, who depend chiefly, if not entirely, upon them for provision, could lonjg exist on the shores of Melville Island. About this time aeveru mosquitoes {Cukx JHpitnt) were caught, but they were never of the;least annoyance to us, as is the case on the shores of iliidi(»n*a Bay, and in other cold countriea ; nor, indeed, did I hear of any^ of our people havins once been bit by them. The buds of tho Sateifra^a Oppo^t^foka^ and of the dwarf-willow, were observed m be openrag out on the 9th, and some of the sorrel to be in flower} a piMit wim a flower of a lilac colour, having a veiv sweet smell^ and which we supposed to be a Draba, was also observed to be pushing out.ito blossoms about this time ; but none of these plants were so forward as the saxifrage. On- the 11th, another instance occurred of a remarkable diflWr^ enoe in the weather in Winter. Harbour, and at no great distance tothenorthwardofit, the weather being described in the Mete- oroAngical Joumala of the ships, as very inclement, with s gale of wind from the westward, while, near Bushnan Cove we enjoyed « clear and moderate day. Some hares were seen, for the first tiaii. to the eaaiward of the ships. Some of the officers returned on the 14th« after an excursion of \ two days to the eastward, bringing with them thfee brent-geeito^ } ant brace of ptarmigan, and a goktenplorer, and having seen s«- veral hares. . Mr».Beverly describee ll» soU upon the hiUa to M: composed of clay, and the. hurge masaes of sandatone which iic^ frand, on the surface aa, much impregnated with^lron. Thi llM? i«ln-deerwere aeen from the ehips this day; and ItwascoiyeMniid l^&e oiBcen^ from the attnatiia in which itoy were obserrtd^ aM /^ 'LM'I^VP J5»/«|slSv-., =;*•; } 180 fnm OMir aettuilE off dirMtty to the northwitfd, thitt they had hmn landed upon the itbnd. ^ Beiiig detirout of praeuiiny as Miich game aa {Ksiiihle duriiw m reflMinder of the tioBe we intcht be declined itW to remain m oar preaent inactive itaie, ind finding Oat the ahort daily ezcur- aiona which our aportamen wete enabled to make in the uaoal way, did «o| trte them to a sufficient diatance from the ships for this pimMO, I direetedH piity of offieera and asen to he prepared from ^h rhip, under Lteufienanti Beechey and iiimpoer, to remain a A ^* *"'' *^ ** distance of ten or twelve litUea to aie eastward npul i^f atward of the harbour, and to send in their game whenever •ay ahottid be procured. They accordingly loft^ ships od the «J^»» 0^,}h« l«tl>» catrying widi them temsy blanlets, fuel^ and ,tht sang aUowanee of provisions as was iaaued on hoanL lieu* ta|M Jifppn«r, who Qoatuninded the pfciy ^wMch went ^^ dw^ •fli^-^i^il, was diivcted earefu% to watch the iee, that any lipi> pMiance of its breaking up n^ght immediately be made knowit to» me. Captain Sabine and hia avn weso indfefi^gibly emplMed diiimg^^day ia pitching a labqratory.tear; havkig a mamus* w^hin il, for the rieepHqn of the clocksvit being Hi wifth, now ^itf i^m; weather was ntore favourable ftn« the puiweae^ to oecuiw ^i^'"^ ^ ^^ ^*^® ^^^'^ "Hght ekpce previott^l^ the sa^M <^wW^diliQn, in making a fresh series of obaervatiom lor the p»|duliHBa. At half sin hour b«fora nsidnlgfat, a tiipfe n^bnw apMaNdf^thft ottter ai^di being vaaecdi^ f^age as to be easily gathered in aoAcieat quantity far eadog^i M# «nrd^s thai two aftercooos in each week should bO occupied r ^ aH l^nda in cdkcting the leaves of diis phint) each manhdag I VMuiwd 10 bfittg invfer the preaent, one oimce, to be serred m ( Ikttdf the h»mon.jttiiee, pkkks, and dried hoha whieh had h«i^it»«Ppe«HU|oe. The pep»r C^^ifMi^. cmklmiAammp^im pUwts, most of «hieb appc«s«a w]-.^^ duHng the mon|b of juifr, aibrded us a decree of enioym«tl «* made a»fi»4»lii»e forget the rigooe of this scvevedimate, .Wbe vhi4 iai^ieaiad to a fnsh gale £rom the north o« |||p^ oithoSdthyand «ohtiaiied to do ao during the toiaemin^9muv» that€ivml»8riww hadgwt di«M»7W> «epJ*«!»»»«W«^,^*<*»5| and in apNjt io| i^«ry eaettion the canvas «ame ui «fff> «*•<>* thMiH.«idtp«^ it oot of its place. Tbe »r"f»» f N» W » wamtOit^hiWte^lWiJi before, ware auwK disahac||tng| siKh ^ andtmd Mtvei^ mto tko sea, as to leadar the m4«f<« •■■i»*^'«* The aaddesaeei w«m^«biww^.^e aesoad ^«MJP gro«md4wai« soma >pB|is ao wet aodawampy^th^ we c^uW Wif| a^»^tHni#$«»d thai, had waiiot tatowwdhefora t^ ead ^ tlm thM week, w^ahaidd probiWf have heea preveated dM; # for aoma timed^ thi ippossibiii^ of eroeaiog tstuc nvin«a ^^l» mat daagw el beliiffi^^^f^^ *way hqf the toTReitfs, ao i^fmnt Sat lAppeaad to ^u^^untpng paiccifs on on« or two oecatioBa* in !»»- \'l? F^¥Ty^ ytffy /_ las p. r fc!* V \ \ gHEl(N^PB||MNl|f i^tp nlQrik ^itb their game to the, ships. Lietitenaai 3w?^|y t*i>tUi ayiothfrdeer, being the hurgest of a herd of fifteen^ lffit »i ^N i t|W i |pg which it onlf furnished us with seventy-eight foiinds^^ vi#«ii. I4eii^ei}ant Hopfm that the pools ¥pon tM tqppir Mrface Hnk ice to the south-west were rapidly IttCMli^llg Ml size and winibeF, but that nolndication of its breaking iqE^ .hai(rly0''|^pi|IVed» - :'. ; C^ihe 9^ at iMir fM^t a thermometer, in the shade on board ^ M##Ui» stpod at 5t% being the highest temperature we had yet ii(lgist«iied this season. A swan was seen by Mr. Scallon on a pond tp die aW.{ this was, I believe, the only bird of the kind seen ctairi&f our elay here, except a jiead one which was picked up on Ottr fiirit arrind. ppi tl^ 9/^ wc had frequent showers of snow which occur in ' ;dliMlet«iiQM or less at all times of the year; at this season, ever!ii;'%iieA the earth is warm, it seldom or never lies on the und for a whole day together. Cai^a Sabine, among Uie numerous difficulties he had to over- come in coflR^ting his series of observations for the penduluni, was now annoyed by the constant thawing and sinking of the gioui«d, though much jiaii^s had been taken to ky a soUd.fouiMla- tioa fof lAie cfochs to stand upon ; fortunately, Jbowever, no serione incomNmltnce arose from this new annoyance. Lieutenant Beechi^ and his people procured another deer, and several hares ancl bird^ ^l^eibx added to the game already received, aflbrded a supply su& |6|fnt,t0 subsfituter for. three days' regular allowance, )vhue near the ships scarcely a single bird could now be precured. Not doubtthi^ ^erefore, of the advantage of this pUn, I d^rmincd to c^ft^ue-it till near tiie^time of our sailing, by ralievihg the. par- ties ii^% eert^n number of day's absence. The men were,, in tlMnil^^parHcQlirly fond of these excursions, from wh'^th they im tl^|ipi^.riturned in the best possible health, though ^nerallya Ktti#;,t&iuier than when tiiey went out As a matter oi good poli«- cfyit i|«i:0|ir enstom to cootider the heads and hearts of the deer M thff h^M^l perquisites of those who killed them# wltich reguk. tion served to increase their keenness in hunting, while it gave me people tbttjieii^loyed rather a larger share otfresh meat tiian those wh0 remained 0n board. Xilameiwiit 9eech^, on his return from the eastward at midnight oniliai|6th, reported: that the ice along shore in tiiat direc& amMned in a More forward- sute of dissolution than near Winter Harb^«!^ with the crown-bone of a whale at the diitanee of '%mm,mft^ im sea, and considerably above ita present leveL , Anot»^|W*«l»- sequently found in a simiUr situation, m6re UmamM^mi of the harbour* and nearly buried in Uta ewtife» iJlii|i|»'1( frozen around it. Two hesdbindsy to the eaftwuraif: Aii; ^ near the station which Lieutenant BeeclMf Htfd ciil^iW tents, and for the position of which he had dbtained^liMjl;^ng^M|( his late excursion, were named aftjer Messrs. Kalseaiia^ikMliMI. On the'aOth, one of the men, in returning on boMUrd* ff^W^ daily occupation of gathering sorrel, found in H IMeiiifjMiii Wite a smaU fish, which appeared to be of ^ iiAm^tfjSl^ullA n the ice in small quantities, it soon aiake| a de^hole lo^Hpu^ ^ the heat it lOMorbs and radiates, by which the iee •l lib- atancet such as sea«-weed, sand^ and not unfreqiienjtfy «' n«l«lb^««f BQudlntttrid shrimps were found. In one 6^«hMe>h0lea lli^lilh alluded to were found. It was curious to see' how il^ree^ eoii* tiary was the effect produced upon the ice by* onantity of aiNnr whieh was pot out upon it in the early part 6f May^ Md whtiil^ by preventing the access of warmth, had now beciHOttermsed ilwfvn the general surfoce more than two feet ; aflbrdibg astrongiHridiiMl example of the principle on which straw is made use M^ift^; ifi^- housei, and what was at that time of mere ittpiertaniee t^'tma'^^k pr^ how much the upper surface of the ice had been i tf>f i i|| tl y wasted by dissolution. js^y<^ ;¥• Lieutenant Hoppner returned^ on the evening of the $fltt^livl|ii his hunting excursion to the south-west, brittgmg - whlihHpiliii . game» and what was to u» mueh more acceptable, the wellflM* ift- ^^vi ^^^mSmmih^' Ww^ w ,ijAitiitMlfi'jmVMii^^di^:S'*iMii^:JI^^M'^t Ty^YVi "^^''e l^f I* 1^. m .sf fygmmim Hwmm ic» ipfcd bees observtsd ita moltoaai dit offii««i lii« mlk im iHeeiMiltrrtt Wfp fine obMired by Messrs. gkttte «ild#^/idb^im t)f liie^^ Hopimer's {Mftjr, and who iwrD «indteiii9L v^ t iMidgiiiidiiii; iMite^ wfiicil» as they had soon «ho .,^|l^ ^^ «^e«lioned by the heavy fidd^ke scttiiig ^ ^mtlmHi at the distance of five orilcs from the land^ of * mile m hour. The wind was at ; on, the ^ceding day at had btown a frelh i l^ewise Reported that he had, in the course (^t widi a ladce between foar and five asiles lllMiMkd at the dbtaace of twelve or fourtetn tHe eimvneti of Winter Haitenr* and four ii&a was atUI froacen over, fant, from the ^ abearance 9i being de^ ; and it ia| Mr^Eile had fallen in with, at the tiiae lember t819» and of the situation of which '- €]^ at^ eatislaeMry account* ' '':^-:'.'> :^■^^.'i^ liisi^ wffliam Scott^ of whose comphunt I have ^qH»ak, had become ^uite delifiona, and «oidd ^ ^ ltt!6e« Mr* Edwards was at imt in hopes li^l^fcA.^ 8ened,ii«i»nlhstaitad^ aanaen enti^rttan wffkMXiStAM pHuBtiee^aaul he as well to overconp^ mofevf sa<|itaa^ .^^oanpUed with Mr. KdwiivdaVi«l|papal iMwection^ "Bio msadt was attiiiliD* ^ ^^ , en u whose clliarga this un£»rtiaiiiCe $ ind, Imay be perrnktedtback to asyactf aibit : l^ed his^ death to have been iteinedipM# a mi^ which, perhaps, no skUl apr attetetiol|canld any^filmtei or under ai^y circtaansta nc ei^ and of the treatment adopted, which wili.he ifoun4, in the? Appendix. ',',;, "/ " .: "",'.,,',,, For the last two pr three d^yii, the spring-tideji, ^^idi had.l^en unusually high, overflowe4^^th;e iceiiffi^,tlfe jbeacb^sp as ,tof||iflikf U, diaSculttoJahd nea^high^flpr^teff. (ftthe genera|§pp^a^<^^;t^^ ice of the har^r* ther^ j|*r^ i^p y^fry ipescepi^le^ |l^^al|^J|J^o^^ day to day, thb^g(| the^ampgjprpcquj was certainly ^linf im f ^v g-cat rapidity attljis pflrio^. Il^iesffi^r^ho reUeyefjXi^fflMWi^ lloppner, iq;Co#npaDd.of t^ejliUating B^^y to t|»e.sf;^utlAWftit» re^^ ceived strict muunctfpns^tp «ratch. thejqf; cpus^ntly^ s^djlq i^fjki^;, an Mnmediate report ^ffnyappewapicepfppep water, ;infi|Kd^.^ tion* For the Ifst four; or five dayi^ in JigAevWe b|4 e^per{^£^. naorc of southerly, wmf^> *S«^ *»?^^i^*!«U¥^a*« J^TO»^^^ cloudy, with a good d«al of smtdl rain,,and.now ^d^eji^a^lit^, snow ; the genein^ tismperaitiire pf the aii^^ pleasant and comfortable to bur feelings, 'as well as favpj^ca|W|pj the dissolution of the jce, for whi i^irqif arrived/coi^tb^ eastward oi| jjif i)*9|9ing^ of the ist of July , witl^ a g^itsuppl^fjo/^l^esi idlicks^i^l^iTsr gans {he had seen ^bovck fifty de^i^im^th^ee .^m but^ti|3^. *^^i too wild to allow the party tpjget neff thim, iii acpuntiy^ w4th^«^ the smallest cover pf any kind. Anodier fish ,wa| pici^^^% to^^^^ pB^Sunday the 2d of July, after dm^eaervici^W^ formed, the body of the. deceased w^ft cpnA^mtted to the earth, pn^** level piece of ground about a hun^^ci Xi^rc^s fwna tbe bea<|l;^jii|i|^! every solemnity which the occasip|i^manclej|^ and tl;u^ circum- stances of our situafjon would permj^. | The. ensigns and, pen^amsj were lowered hali^tnast during tbe p^esspj^, and the re^iS^ our unfortunate shipmate i^ere att^iu^d tatlie ^rave by every offi« cer and man in both ships. To the pjsrformance of this last ^els^i- choly duty, under any circumstances, sufficiently imp^essiv^ the peculiarity of the scene around us, and of the circumst^ces m which we were placed, could not fail to impart an additional fcfelC ing of awful solemnity, jwhich it is more easy to imagine than to describe. A neat tomb-stone was afterwards placed at the Head pf the grave by Mr. Fisher, who carved upon it the name of tl^e de- ceased with the other usual information. A herd of fourteen deer bein^ seen near the ships, a party ifks despatched in pursuit of thenti, with pur customary Want of success, It being almost impossible to approach them in so open anjd exfips- ed * country, sp that these excursions generally ended in a chase ■■ ^- Bb - ■ ■ ^■-.-.?«^=.- \Pi I ,.„^,.,„ ,,:,,, .,' iW l>^ f-Wi»»Y b$hrmimtjmiik^^'^' de^i- { toiki« good dogs would, i^erftlfift ^ rlH^;flt^ Stlvft«vifk|#«ti dtt^bdii^ our bower ancHoh and cabDs* fmk ille beiekv^n iijithp ^f %t diipculty we should have found iil*^i«fOvb|'tbeik aner the i^ bigin to break u^, each ship placed two atream fncbors on shore wit|i hawsers from the bow and qtiar- ,lim4ii<3pdK«fl ittiiasftof aay ioddeii mbtionof the ice, the pools jA^ik!^^ iiirtBlf^ed verf pierceptibty both in depth and t%- im ^i^M^titr dibf* -'U bbldiAg into th«se immIs, it always ap. si$^i^«)iii|^tfa«^^#^^^ Wei^ falling info tfaimi •i|tr^'#|^'M4 tti^^4^ Jttid sW%#i,t!ie thartllo- mm^^ Mb ^e movitiiM a reii to 4r; Oh th^ m |^ii;^llii»^,itst6ieid for threi^ hours fh»ili Htf to sr, with * liill^¥ fWmi the iit^Ward, fccoinpaiiie^ |)y cloudy weftthei^; ai|t :$i thi itftiernooiil <)^ the two foMowfng <|r«^ of tlM^ lib' attnge ttiiiclcftels bf tMlWiK^ ttp|»i> piH<^ #B feMiboar wheb tnb ships #ei« lyfng, d#^ ^ik^^ i^ feet, whi!i;h #as inuch less than We had atay idea <^i '^iTb^Ntfds the ibbulh df the tettbour, howeH^, Where die witer Wkldeib^^b jiM )hM iMide appepfniiie W ibtftf a#s tmtm^'' ft imiiihei^ Ke,fe#iia^d, thit hriiU cases we found '%I^M<^tl^#ed«iff1i^^^ up in the shodeit lister, in ImI^; I biipi^,' ^f |M6««aier facaity#fth which the ^4 sman%&1^Rp m lc(^e <^%e sek, iOisiMrd h3iit^4 the heat of the si^i'r^s ; aiid, ^ it is M stich iituSiioiis^ thither JKeberally fi^^es the Hrst, this eircunistMiee sediis a t^iarialile vtataii<^ of the prdvisio^ of i^^ « bdiTiifee fit the quaiiti^ <^ice ite^y fbrtt|ed atid dlsadt^i, at aM'(««Vent any undue <# e«tr^<:d!tiai7 aecuinulitidik 6f ft lit l^jr pirt'«fl4)e.l^olar regions of ^e earth. In conse^ue^e of this tlti;iin^tani:e, we were now enabled, for the first time, to bring ooi' bdvta down to the beach, so as to allow theni to Qb|t 11^ high water, in order to prevent their being split by the sUii, /«^hile H^ery iMher part of the harbour^ ekcep^ dtuS stettr di . are constantly, discharging themsclyes into the pceaiji* pi^^^ count, it wwid appear nroba^le^ that hiph }w^ ii|inpr« ^yia^ iQ the dissolution and disperaion 9f tjlie ice n^ iMsboref thf^ which is Ibwerf because it supplies a nevep;-c^ing;jfli9ii|r; !<>*> w^te| during the whole of the thawing peason. ftiirMt^^^imf^ 4i# of Sejptcmher, |81ft« we found t^ streaif in FofiMc^m^h m,i^»r charging a torrent of water into the aea> i^i4ll^c'F ^w, coni|»arati,velv w^tlf tl^,,)^ Possession Bay, or in Sir Jaaae'a t »anc a s t er a fo'Ww, ye ; i'ounay\ the same season, in 1819, and much bef/i^re.tlfe thawjipy ^4 |nifbr ed, that tliey were completely free fr^m vfO*^* the i«f fnes f^^Ms^ dry, and the ,y hole face of me isUm^ pmih^ ^a ^racked, i^lfh ditottght, as )i,t)V!Vi» !i*4 ^on no poiatjaceapon t^e PH^e fdli.wit grouM:;for aofne tiine. . ,'.),■ •"■'•",-, .v- •, .'.■, ■ -^ ■,..;;> On unhanjipng ^e rudders, 9n4 J^PuUng Ihefn up oil the Im for examination, we found theoiia goo^^i^ol >MfI$^ f^ff^jP^I^H^ by the blows they fcwl i^ceiyed d^airin| the tipe ttejjliiflb f^fi?*''- set at thecntyaiic^ of Dayis* ftM|f.. Wfl P)iiP|L?>N»4%*^^^^^ i" der«cases in both ships hl4 beett^fi^d|iM^ smau, ojp siderable difficulty in getting the ruddem down plicin ?eorki^>^| circumstance ^ no meaiit dUadvantageoui (perhf^ ini^eo,,fa||i^ tho contvpyj on^inary perviee at sea, but f hic^ shmilaJ^.cfifpr fnUy nvoif^d in sjiipf intended for the navigatic^ 9xi^>^ tjc^t #f»ji^ i» frequent|)r iM^cies^^ the rudder at f fhoi^, nc^^^ m ^er to pt!es«rf e itlhom iijuty; as onr future el^eiice^^i^iMl to lea^h us. T^s lault waf^ hop^eyer, s^n 'Kttafii^f^^4^-1^ tndflerf jg^ hm^ in readinem $i^ sea. Ahout ,41^ l^hi <# ^^^^flocks of toomt occlsionally made their app^ri^ce, |i^va^i|^% j||r. * »i« qii^SSAt b«Nf^ aver tt^ r^rtp^. anf my^ **np of iralspr w^a^ 1 haye heipl^ deici^d as Otfciuting hext the beach, at if lQO)ung. |pn|^#|othe^^ wJ^pi^jiMdla yeiy leiOiffid^ a^teratioi^|ii t^^ ice, nii^l'^git of a blui i^bi^ uroyor t|^ _^^ QuaMMir of the holes in a miich greater degree thandKrJMig thje same 'Mrf$ tJn the incresM of tk#n^ ''~^- it« «ad in the breadtili of the Uttle channel ^tween the' ice ji^ This chanlifl, if so it maybe called, vrh^n^he 4epth fiis I ' 'I 1. , fr M I i not jret Aufllcienito tfoit OQe of our whale-boitSf was from forty to tSxy yw^'^i <*id« in the part of the harbour next us* but much more on ihie' northern and elitern tittea, where the shoal-water extend^ to fi gfreater distance from the shore. We were in hopes that the^ apring tides, which took place abbut the llth, would have been ser* viceable in breaking up ttie ice» #h'ich'now be^n to approach that state of rottehness, as the sailors term it, which made it danger- ous t6 walk across the pools, as we had hitherlio been accustomed to do, to avoid the trpuble of ffoihs 'round. No sensible alteratioil was' produced, hon^ever, by the 'highest tide ; probably in conse- queiicc df the ice being already so completely detached from the ' Miore, as tO' allow it to rise freely, and without resistance of any kiodVli^Mry other floating body { the height and velocity of the iides are htiire^' h(id|6'ed, soimiiU, that it was not reasonable to ex- pect much frbm them in' this way .' ' On the 14th a boat pttsstd, for the first time, between the ships and the shore, \p cotisequtence of the junction of a number of the ix)ol8 and' nodes in the ice, and on the fbllowing day the same kind of communication was practicable between the' ships. It now be- came neceukty, therefore, to provide aeainst the possibility of the ships bdn'g forcejd onshore bvthe total disruption of the ice be- tiiredathem'ihd' the beach, and the pressure of that without, by let- tiiig gb) a bdwier-anchor underfoot, which was accprdingly done as ibon jii^ there WM a hole in the ice under th^ ^;ows of each, suffi«> ciently large to*&llow the anchors to pass through. We had now been qiiite ready for sea for some days ; aAd a regular andtmxious lobk-i^nit was kept from the crow's pest for any alteration in the state of thi^ ice, which mighi favour obr departure i^^iinn' Winter Harboifi(r»' ih which it now became ^ore thdn probable that We were di$stiAli^ t6 bi^ d<>taihed thus inactively fot* a part of each month in tfi^eH^ql^^^evr, as we^ad reidhtd it in the latter part of Septem- beir, l|ifj|%«re likely to be pTe Vended leaving it tilt after the cbm- niiiniiiAeht of Avigi^t. ' ' '',*'•■ On the 16th of Tuly* the streams of water in the ravines were once tiiore passable with great case,'^nd the snovr had' entirely dis- appeared, except on the 9idfs of those ravines, and in other hol<' lows wliere it had formed cbnsid'ilra^M'ilHfts s t6 that thie appear- ^ncfe.of the land was mibhihe'idmil mw as-when we ftrst made the islands In the lattilr piiirt of Atigust the pit-ejredttag^ yean The walks which our people were enabieil'!to ttike at this period^; when the 'fc^Mher was really mild afid pieiisant, atad to our teeHngs quite ds: w^rfii as the summer of any other climate^ together with the lilfcuriatus living afforded by our hunting parties, and by theabun- djtuat supply of sorrel which was dways at command^ were'^be ^eans of compl&tely eradicating any seeds of scurvy which might have been iurkin||^ in t^e constiftutions of the officers and men, who weire now, I be^eve, In as good health, and certainly in as good jis*2S 169 spirits, u when the Expedition left Engliil[d. GratifyAi|nUi this fact could not but be to me, ii was impossible to contemphite with- out pain the probability, now too evident, that the shortnew of the approaching season of operations would not admit of that de^e of success in the prosecution of the main object of our enterpritv, which might otherwise have been reasonably anticipated in settinfl but from our present advanced station with two ships in such per- fect condition, and with crews so zealous in the cause in which we were engaged.' From six A.M. till six P.M. on the irth, the thermometer stood generally from 55' to 60" ; the latter temperature being the highest which appeared in the Hecla's Meteorological Joamftl during this summer. It will readily be conceived how pleasant such a temper rature must have been to our feelings after the severe winter which immediately preceded it. The month of July'is, indeedt the only one which can be called' at all comfortable in the climate of MeU ville Island. On the 18th I rowed round the harbour in a boat, in order to take the soundings as far as the ice would permit ; when it was worthy of remark how exactly the extent of the clear water between the ice and the shore corresponded with its depth, it biting nearly a quarter of a mile wide on the north-eastern side of the harbour, where the deepest water was from eight to ten feet ; while on the western side, where we found two fathdftis, the passage for the boat did not exceed forty or fifty yards in width. This channel was almost daily becoming wider, especially after a strong breeze from'any quarter causing a ripple on the sea, by which the edge of the ice was constantly ixrashed and rapidly dissolved. My inten- tion, therefore, at this time was, carefully: to Watch the increasing breadth of this opi^n water ; and, whenever a depth of three fa- thdn^s cbUld be {builds to warp the ships through it along-shore, as the tmty means which appeaitd likely to be allowed us of com- mencing our summer's navigation. On the 20th, there being a Strong breeze from the N.N.E., with fog and rain, all feivourable to the dispersibn of the ice, that part of it'which, was immediately around the Hecla, and from which she h^d'tieefi artificially detaehed so long before, at length separated into pl<^ces; and floated away ; carryings with it the collection of ashfcs and other rubbish which had been atcumula'ting for the last ten months ; so that the ship Was now once more fairly riding at anchor, but with the ice still occupying the whole bf the centreof the harbour, and within a few yards of her bows : the Gt'iper had been set free in a similar manner a few days before. But it'iiha only in tbsit parted the harbour where the ships were lying .that the ice bad yet separated in this manner at so great a distance' from the shore } a circumst ncfe probably occasioned by the greater iradi- ation of heat from ships, and from the materials of various 190 fc kiodt which we had oecttioB to depoth ufcn the ice diving the time oi our equipment. Lieutcmmt Liddon accompaBied me in a boat down the weat •here of the harboor, to the sottthern point of the entrance, in order to MMmd along the edge of the ice, where we found from seven to ifteen feet water : the ice about the entrance appeared ttill very ■olid and compact, and not a single hole was at this time noticed through any crt the poola upon ito surface, except one which was made by a seal, and which discovered the thicknem of the ice tp be there between two atid three leet. Mr. Draley, with a hunting party, returned late at night without success, having lost his way in a thick fog, that hung over the land at intervab during the di^, a circumstance which did not often occur while the ships remained in harbour : we frcquentiy, how.- ever, especially in die month of July* perceived heavy fog*banks covering the horizon in the offing, while the weather was perfecUy clear near the shore. On the 21st, Mr. Fife returned from our hunting sution twelve or fourteen miles to the south-west, and reported ttiat the appear- ance of the ice in that quarter was much the same as in Winter Harbour, except that the space between the ice and the land was in most |Mtrts not so broad. There was a fresh breeze firam the north-eastward, with fine clear weather, on the SSd, which made the Heda swing round into twenty feet, water astern ; and the ice, beinff now moveable in the harbour, caiUe home- towards the shore wim this wind, but not so much as to put way considerable Mrain on the cable of either ships and the holding-ground being esceUentt theret was nothing to 4ipr prehend for tiieir securit]^ -> r ,ff During a walk which I took to the southward this day for the purpose of examiuiag the ice near the mouth (^ the harbour, I was glad to find l^at a quantity of it had lately been forced up on the reef, by the pressure of the external ice, a proof that it had some room in which to acquire motion, and which encouraged a lu^ that when the wind should blow directly off the land, it might dnft the ice aufficientiyfrom the shore to afford us a navigable channel to the westward. I, therefore, went damn in a boat in tiie after^ nomi, to aee if any tiling could be done, but found the shore so losded with turoken ice wnkh a north-east wind had first separated mad then drifted upon the beach, that I could not get so far as the south pcunt of tiie entrance. A flesh gate which blew from the northward, on the moming of the SSd, caused a great alteration in the appearance of the ice near tiie ships, but none whatever in that in tiie offing, or at the mouth of the hwrbour, except tiiat the shores were tlMre more eo- cund>ered th«i before, owing to the quanti^ of pieces which were separated and driven down from the northward, eo that pur small 191 bMt could ndK Mcceed in getting aloDg the ihore. The Mrlh shore of the hai^ur wm now, however, to dtar m to iMl|lc« Bt to send Lieutenant Beechey with two bonii to bmil the leine, in the hope of catching tome such fiih as we had some time agp fiiaBd upon the ice. Our fishennen, however, had little succeie, haviimp brought on board only three imaU fish, which were all that w«|» fotmd in the net. Ota the Uth, the taila were bent, in rendineie for our etatth^ at a moment's notice^ though, it must be eonleeted, tliat the OMmvo for doing so was to make some show of moving, rather than anf expectation which I dared to entertain of soon escaping firott oiir long and tedious confinement i for it was impossible to ceneeal from the men the painful fkct, that, in eight or nine we^&s from this period, die navigable season must unavoidably come to a con* elusion. I went away in a boat eaily on the ihortttiig o^ the 95tb« in or- der to sound the harbour, in tflose parts where the ice would adtnit the boat, with a view to take advanjtage of the first favdittable change which might present itself. The vdod htviiif coitt^ roiind to the southward in the afternoon^ caused the sepatauoit df a lar«e portion of ice on the northern side of tkat which flow oMo^kd tM Harbour, and the detached pieces dtifting down toward! tts^ nnK dered It necessary to be on our guard list the ships shoidd bb forced from their anchorage. On thie accMMt^ as well as frwh ti^ anxious and impatient desire to make a Miove* however triflin#^ fitom a spot in which we had now unwiUins^ but linavoldrib^ passed nearly «ten months, and of which we hM long been heaiftfl|^ tired, I directed lines to be run out for the purpose of Watpittg th^ ships along the ice in the centre of the harbour, and at hatf'pail two P.M ;, the anchors were weighed. As soon a* a strain was put upon the littesf however, we found that the ice to which they were attached came home open us, instead of the ships being drawn out to the southward, and We were, therefore, obliged to have recourse td the liedge-anehors, which we could scarcely find rb<^ to drop, on account of the ckneness of the ice. Having warped a little way out ftom the shore, into five fathoma and a half, it wafs foond iili^ possible to proceed any finther without a change of wind, and the anchors were, therefore, dropped till sudi a change should tike place. In the course of the evenin^g all the loose ice drifted past us to the northward, loading that shore of the harbour with idnu* merable fragments of It, and leaving a considerable space of clear water along ahore to the southward. Our hunting parties #ere now recalled, and returned on board in good health in the course of this and the following day; having supplied us, durins the whole time which this mode had been adopted, with a quantity of game sufficient to substittrte for more than one mtMith's established proportion of meat on board. both ships. Their succem had of L 19» U^t liowever, btcomc very iodiflerent, u thty had not i««n a detr fpf MV«ral days, and the birds were grown extremely thy. A bfrjl 9f seven pufk-ox^n had lately been mat with to the south* wfit,,: , ,P|i the rooming of the 36th, it wat nearly calm^ with eontinuc4f rii9 and thick weather } and there being now a ipacf of clear wa^ ter for nearly three-ouartert of a mile to the southward of ui* wa tn^\ advanuge of a breeze which sprung up from the northward to wcighf at nine A.M., and run down at far as the ict would pcr^^ n>it, ^ then dropped our anchors in the best births we could s«<-' lei^f, Cloif t^the edge of U, with the intention of advancing step, by itfp, a* it continued to separate by piece-meal. The ica acros»f the fntrf^lca of ihe hiurbour as far at this spot, and tha whole of that ii^. the offing, of which we had here a commanding view from the Hecla*s crow't>ne8t, was still quite continuous and unbroken,^ with ,f^9 jame app«aranca«f solidity as it had during the middla off^^ryO^epttliat the pools of water were numerous upon ita ,,pn th#.97th, the weather was dear and fine with a strong and^ rai^h{er,.qRl4> wind from ^he W.N.W., the thermometer not beings hj^iir, thfn^r during! the day* The general temperature of th*f attno8|^re had, indc(<^, bftCpre this time, begun very sensibly to] decr^f^, and from thi|j)fr|ftd the thermometer seldom stood so, high il# 4(y* in; the shadf iurii^g the rest of the summer. Soma showvrs pC alfct and snpw prevented our sending the people on sboff to picJc iprrel, as they had been accustomed to do for soma If e^kfpait jc ^js valuable plant was now on the decline, the leavaa b WM found to set the jce (close to the edge of whichf^^^ thpI|i|c)ia;hM Anchored) against the cable, putting some strain upon it in ad^tiom to that of the ship. We veered* therefore, to thirty fathoms, to enable the anchor to hold ^he better, and ranged tha o;:her cM>ie. At half-pasaetand ithbr^len^lo that We could still do noUi- ing but WitiAi^^^^t«%fes|i^ the operation which seemed atlen^h 'to^hi^ oi^aiiiiiMld'ii i^^ i1iewindbi to|i B^ e t m ^8^^^ night of the sist^ serv- ed t9 dose the laiie of wiiir which had appeared in thf oSiag the B-b . « »i 'Mi i /i \ .-ixj:m^ A>f rf \. "J- \h. M-'i I'l 194 t}i«^)tfiiogday,^hiclt we conbldersd a favourable ctrcumttance^ at sbe^ihg that the eiteintd masa of ice was in motion. In the course of the day, the wind ehifting to the W.N:,W.i #e once more dia^ «0Vired a amall opening between the old and yonng floes, and at deVati P.M., the whole body of the iee in the harbour was pjer- tel^d to be moving slowly out to the south*eaatWard> breaking ai^y, for the first time; at the points which form* the entrance of l^ma^tir. This sUddeU and Uneiqpedted ehange rendering it tt^libl^ that we shouM at length be released^ I sent to Gaptain ftbi«^i%hohad beeU desirous of continuhig his observations on tlie betid^lum %6 the last moment, to requeat l|e w^uld have^^ihe clocks ready for embarlcation at an early bofUrin> the momingw^ I f&iMllred Lieutenant Liddon with inatrudtionsfot his future glAd^fr dl^g the ensuing season of operation^ ippoiiittng alad cd^tafo pliccft €|re«^2VoU8, to focilitate our meetings if| caaei^ Imtv^daBe fl^para^^ during that period. I sent ahio on boam the Griper^ in com^iaitee with nty Instructtona on that head^ a Chan of our late discuverics, ttogether with a duplicate copy of e**ry document of interest relating to the Eijiediaon. The latitude of the anchorkgfe in Winter Harbour^ by th^ ttifeaU ofthirty-nine meridian altitudes, is i ^ H* 4r i9".S6 N. / Th« longitiide> by the mean of six hundjf^ md nine^-two sets of (^Mervations, constat* ^ vm of six thousand eight hiuidred and sixty- ; ^lunardisttmceii - - - - - . - 110'48'a9".2W^ ; the dip of the lilagnette needle - - ««'4a* «. ThevariatiUtt -- - - - . - - iar47'50" E-^ - - The mejm time 6f high water/on the full and change days of the mojon . . . i . « . . . .. 1 hom- 29 minutes^ * ("May - i 8 feet 6| inchear* The mean rise of ttie tides - I Tuna - - 2 „ 7 jtjuly - -2 „ 8* *■ -.J^j^j^lti^. 2ntfeigfe>*^t#viiL4^'^^. 1 1 CHAPTPB X, \ V? Leave Winter Harbeur-^FlaUering Appearance iff the 8ea ta thi Weetwari'-mopped (y tike Jbe near Cape Ba^-^^urtker Frogrfte to the longitude ^iis*48' aii";B, being the metemtnoet Mridian hitherto reached in the F bsuri^^ng tjbe i^lppks, tents, apd observatory^ while I squpded t|ie f^tP^ce of the harbour, in order to co|n)plete the survey, which np (C^pc^unity Jiad oftered of doins before this time. At one P.M4 havjii:^ got every t^ng op board, and the ice appearing to be jt|il leaving the shore, we welghe^^ and ran out of Winter Hai^qyir, J^ ^||ti^|i ,^e ha4 actually, as Kf^cl some time before been preoii^ea, pi|99 or tw« sSAlea and a half in width, and this seemed, from the mast-head, te^ continue as far as the eye could reath along-shore to the west- ward. We found, the wind much more westerly after, we rounded the point, which made our progress slow and tedious.; the m«re so, as we had every minute to luff for one piece of ice, and to bear up foV.ftOQthei*) by which much ground was unavoidably lost. We also found the ships to be considerably impeded by a tide or cur- rent setting to the eastward, which, as it slackened about seven in the evening, I considered to be the flood, the time of high water at Winter Harbour this day beii^g about half-past seven. After a vety few Ujcks, we had the mortification to perceive, that the Gri- |)er sailed and worked much worse than before, notwithstanding ever^p- endeavour which Lieutenant Liddon had been anxiously making during hei: re-equipment, to improve those quidities in which she had been found deficient. She missed stays several times in the course of the evening, with smooth water, and a fine working breeze ; and, by midnight, the H^cla had gained eight miles to windward of her, which obliged me to heave-to, notwith- atanding the increased width of the navigable channel^ the weather liaving become hazy, so as ta endanger our parting company. ' At three A.M., on the 2d, the Griper having joined usf we ^ag^in made sail to the westward. As, however, I could not but consider that her bad sailing had already lost us a distance of at least seven Ihiles in the first day after our leaving harbour; and, as it was evi- d<6nt that luch detention must, if continued, absolutely preclude the possibility of accomplishing the main object of the expedition, I addressed a letter to Lieutenant Liddon, desiring to be made acquainted with all the circumstances of the Griper'a incapacity, that immediate steps might be taken, either for improving her trim by any means in our power, or, in the event of failing to do SO, for removing her crew and provisions to the Hecla, and prose- cuting the voyage in that ship singly. During the whole forenoon of the 2d, we observed a well-defined tine of ripple, at the distance of two or three miles from the land, ftid a few hundred yards from the edge of the ice, running parallel to the shore. We tried the current about noon, by the small boat moored to the bottom, on each side of this ripple ; and found that outside, or^to the southward of it, it was running to the eastward at the rate of one mile per hour, while within it no current was M^tcfc^a^^sa.aiffiJ'iS ..J^itikin*''"*'^'ilM^i!mt^ , ^^mi-i m perceptiUe. Our latitude, at noon, by an indillel^ «iilr(^<»D, ^traa 74° 36' 33'^ and the longitude by account 110* i»9^j bifl^*lb forty-nine fathoms water, on a bottom of bhie clay. : J^^ ^' Soon after noon, a breeze sprung up frbm die S.S;W.,*''#iii|i being rather upbn the shdre, made it likely thilt the ice wouMttti . begin to close k; we, therefore, be^n to look out for a situii§| iKrhere die ships might be secured in-shore, behind somd of #b heavy-gprounded ice, which had so often before afibrded Us ^i^ilr under similar circumsunees. Atone o*clock, we pfcrciivtil't^ a heavy floe had already closed complete^ in with the land; atii point a litde to the westward of Us, preventing aU^hopi^df farther progress for the present in that direction^ A boatwa8Vtii|^l^» sent to examine the ice inshore, and a favourable |^c^^iiili% been found for oUr purpose, the ships weM hauled in,^iud'iilth\n place wa« so COmpletdy sheltered from the access of the main body of the ice, that Ite^ to think seriously of taking advantage of this situation to #emo^e the Griper's crew on board the Hecla, and had consulted the ol^ eers upon the subject. The circumstances, however, whi^hji^b" sequently occurred, rendering such a measure inexpedietit,beiltie no longer necessary to the accomplishment of the object in vie#, 1>y which alone it could be justified, I was induced to give it up, adopting the best means in our power to remedy the evil in avx^ tion.'-' ^ ■ . '^ --;■;;'', The beach near which we were lying is so bold, that in standiti^ off-and^on in the afternoon, in more than one part, we bad/lFN^Ift seven to ten fathoms at two hundred yards from the shotv'; ^ -which distance, from the confidence we had acquired in tll« i|^- larity of the soundings, we had no hesits^tion in standing i»^i^ik as there was occasion to do so, and always without a^y appar%t risk. So perfectly fl-ee from danger, indeed, is the whole of this cotet, as lon^ as the hand-leads are kept going, that it has ol^ occurred tome 9^ not improbable, that the annual motion of U^ and heavy masses of ice may in some degree prevent the accuttiu- lationof sandy shoals near the shore, where local circumstances might otherwise t^nd to produce them, as in other seas. Shortly after our anchoring, the Griper*s people heard the gro^4 mg of a bear among the ice near them, but the animal did not a|r* pear; and this was the only instance of our meeting with a bclU't during our stay at Melville Island, except that which foUowed -" of our men to the ships, soon after our arrival in Win^r HarlM. Both crews were sent on shore to pick sorrel, which was Hert^ less abundant than at our old quarters, but it was now aluiott old to be palatable, having nearly lost its acidity and ji^ice. \,„ were here a mile or two to the westward of Lieuten&nt llopmie^s bunting-station, and the wall whicli he had built round his t6nts^ J W' •i'' K-^ % ) '"ii ^'1 i\ V 1 'ftt .mi0>mm ^'^''*'«*t^^Si*..i«^«^S^ \6¥^/ '^tf^v'-^f^'- ^ m i f'\ #|#t'iiMtfi^ttlKi»i|e 'm Dm middk of it, irat vlsiWe from t)M«)k»|. '^ih£ ^ypfmt we obtained here contisted of i few king-dmelt, lOiiie of the young of which were also procuredr^ > « ^ .^ ' iriieli^W which fell in the night was^ in the morning of the Sd, »wlti#^«d hy a thielifog» which continued during the day, prevent- iO{^ our seeiBg the state of the ice to the westward. I, therefore, d^patched Mr. Primer in a boat to the point, for the purpose of «lo weather clear, and gave ui l«»pei of the ice drifting off the land. -*«^ , ■. At one A.M. on the 4& Ibe loose ice was observed to be drift- ing Hi upon us, the Itind having veered to the eastward of norlbi 1^ «oon after a floe, of not less than five miles in length, and 9i aiile and a half across, was found to be approaching the shore at a quick rate. The shi|»8 were immediately hauled as near the abbre as possible, and pitpttration m^de for uufhipping the rudders, }i,liiTiviti«ff^iht ^ «lf Chie «i||il Wkiiehj froili €apte lh(«iri(teiic« #6st#i^ja^ itiilgit aUdni^p taemm 8«i^ having Ao beaish ti^ fth^lriiig «lM^iM|#l«ith ^t ll^^littpdt 6f ice eali fix thenisdves, 86 as t^^iflWd i^ciiHtf l^^pttpwlflll the Ibe8 i^fiiick th« laiid; i^^dk^^dlfttttiiaiiiidfe aillw imtiety we i^H 1^ pttth on, «bikPil#|ii«iiiit^6p|l^(iM^ #ith aH ivpidit^'llF^e we8t#ahif' 'W#«eitfaH^^ the Ice this ^^eiliiott wftltft ttle ll#lttd^#ii bidwiiig ^^iit^t^Mtii^ bffthie land, tmd lhi^i«l<)l«r dli^tthr td^iiB^ Uie icertkllf i^ fidiArhrtttl^ calill i^ite^ite^ ft^ ^ti^ efllKct I i^ver i«ii<6iiiliJei' 16 hi#t^^H4ifi«i#d befef^ €^ %e mAdifkrd 8id« of «ilrf #' bf '^^^i^iMf^^ cied bearittg^ of objeeis ititty be>tidicib i^iii llii^ the Mft^V^ 1>«iMnttg <^ Citpei #i>iSi%i^to# iild ^^|f^%^^ id thii %V«liiig vhHin the two hiilifflidl% whick had been noi^ced, from ihis st^tio^ in iki9^ ax^Motp' frequently since that time, during our detention in Winter lAvf" bour, as bearing a great resemblance to the loom of land in i^at guarter. We yrtnt the more inclined to the belief that ttiere was und at no very great distance to the southward, iTrom the Cfihvic- tion that there muj^t be something w^ich jn^vented the ice being drifted off the shore of Melville island in this place more than five or six milesr with any dijrectiQn or 'fojrce of wind. There was a very light air on the morning of the 5th, which died away an hour before noon, when the opportunity was taken to bring up some water from the depth of one hundred and five fsUi^oms. Its temperature on coming to the surface was '^2% tlutt of the surface water being 3H% and of the air 34*. The deptb^^ water here was two hundred and twenty-five fathoms, on a bottom of dark brown clay^ at the distance of four miles from the land; the latitude observed being 74' 21' 49" and thjc longitude by cl)tro- ^omctcrsll2'4a' J8". At one P.M*,. the weather continuing quite calm, and being de- l^^iH^^m^&i^ ■*sv^i!*S^.„ *atw8ji^y^3ijijj^ .\l'1J <«^ t am i^fmsof*3l9t^mts ^ ioe i9-tliore, tfaii^iw miglitbe ready for ^lii»i» ;«>Q»iBg^^^^ ahlp. iicconvamed by Captai* ^bine «p4MnJ^(lirard»»aM landed 11^^ the numerous ii»ep^ 1^ livit^^ wkb w^ whole of thia part of thte lalf^ia indented. AU the ico wWch waa here fi*ed to thegrolui# iViilit^l}]iiip We aaw several white hares hers^ and on this and man^ m^M^^c^casicrns foiind them frequent the aides of the high b^P^ifPwch^nwetthe souths m^^^ tliere is uiually a i^entiMil VM^tktn^rdiemioiM ttpon. We were ascending the hill, wW^m^piHul by trigonoojuifric^ measuremeiit to be eight hua^ dl^^^Tly-stiren fo^/aboye4^^^ and on which ]^#PMI»ll'|^0^ |««iduetl^ cUy iron-stbnei ^»^M^aor^n§ op fn^ up the Gri> ]^wJlii^^|»adtbeai| left several miles astern^ We only stopped; t^^Oi^|0(4ltainobseriirfitions for the longitude andthe variation <^^%inagiietic ne^e ; diJ^^^&rna^r o^ 112* 53' 32*'; and l^^m^,S6f' M'^^^steriy, a9d then immediately returned on hpiia#'^.^ade alt sail to the westwards After ctunning for two ho^ Wt^iottt obstfuclioii, we w«re once moi« mortified in per^ «f *?»^^«^fth^ icer. in veiy ex«Misi ve and unusually heavy ito^; cliieditt witlttfie Umd a liidf to the^^^^^^^^ Hay, awl owfihwoel of cle^, water between the ice and the hmd gradually (bfllinuhedin breadth till at length it became necessary to tidce in the studd^g sads, and to haol to the wind, tolook aboutus. I i^i«ied^ly,left the ship^ isnd went in a boat toezamine the ground- ed Ke0F a smiOl point of land^ such as always occ^tfs on this coast at^c oud*l of ^ch ravine. I found that thir point dfered the onljr poMihte sheHaer which ieould be obtained, ih case of the ice cm^iiil^ iV^erefoie^^Jstermined to take the Hecla in-shore ita(l*^jiiat*fy, and to^pict^)^ th^ best birth which rirniimstanccs woiddadmiti As I was reiurnihg on boani with Lhid indention I fpund that the ice was already rapidly approaching the shore ; no ttine was to be lost, therefore, in getting the Hecla to her intendiid station, which w^eEfected by hMf-past *ight P.»Li bifing in nine to wven^fethoms water, at the distance c^twtniy yards ^m th«r be^b) whicl^ was lined aU round the point with very heavy masses of ice^.thathad bceu forsfed by some tremefedbus pressure into the mmr Qdr»ituatioht^ a dangerous oile^ having no shefter tro«at«c therefore, hauled the ship still more into the bight formed by the point, getting her into four fa- thoms abaft and sis forward, and abreast a part of the beach wher^ there was not quite so much heavy ice within us, to endanger the ship being crushed* This was done from a belief that, if the floea oame in, the ship must inevitably be **■ nipped," and in this case it was better to be lying in six fathoms than nme } besides, the masses of ice now inside of us, not being so ^.arge as the rest, might possi« bly be forced up on the shore before the ship, instead of offering so great a resistance as to expose her to all the force of the squeeze. On the whole of this steep coast, wherever we approached thf shore, we found a thick stratum of blue and solid ice, firmly em- bedded in the beach, at the depth of from six to ten feet under the surface of the water. This ice has probably been the lower part of heavy masses forced aground 1^ the pressure of the floes from without, and still adhering to the viscous mud of which the beach is eomposedi after the upper part has, in course of time, dissolved. Captun Sabine suggested, that the under-ground ice found in cold oi^untries* and to which I have before alluded, might thus have b^en deposited. 'I1ie land gains upon the sea, as it is called, in process of time, as it has certunly done here, from the situation in which we found drift-wood and the skeletons of whales ; the ice which fixes itself upon the beach is annually covered over in part by alluvial deposit, and thus maty a connected stratum of it be bu« ried for ages several feet below the surface of the earth. From, the tops of the hills in this part of Melville Island a continuous line •f this sub-miirine ice could be distinctly traced for miles along the coast. In running along the shore this evening, we had noticed near the sea what at a distance had every appearance of a high wall artifi- cially built, and which was the resort of numerous birds. Cap- tain Sabine, being desirous to examine it, as well as to procure some specimens of the birds, set out, as soon as we anchored, for that purpose, accompanied by his servant and Sergeant Martin. The wall proved to be composed of sand-stone in horizontal strata from twenty to thirty feet in height, which had been left standing, so as to exhibit its present artificial appearance, by the deeomposi- tion of the rock and earth about it. Large flocks of glaucous gulls had chosen this at a secure retreat from the foxes, and every other Cc tiJ^^^iMse£^^^ii .^«&>... '*artiii S02 m enemy but mill ; and when our people first went into the ravine in which it stands, they were so fierce in defence of their young, that it was scarcely safe to approach them till • few shots had been fired. On the 6th, beside* m number of sulls, Captain Sabine and his par- ty brought with them ten hares* which, togedier with what we had obtained as we came ilong the land, furnished us with a fresh meal fbr the whole creW. Captain Sabine also brought me word from Lieutbiant Liddon that tne Griper was in a situation exactly simi- lar to that of the Hecla, whertf ** nipping" appeared unavoidable if the flo^s shbutd come in. I'he ice remained quiet, however, about the Hecia during the day, even though a strong breeze freshened up from the E.S.E., with continued snow { m circumstance which, while it added to our present security, did not ^ve us very flatter- irt^ hopeii that there tould be any room for the ice to drift to the weHtwaff . In the course of the evening I heard again from the Gri<* Jii^r, Lieutenant Liddon informing me that the floes had once come 11^ tb^ards her, so as to lift her two feet but of the water, and then fetired without doing any damage. I acquainted Lieutenant Lid- don wijh the similarity of our situation to his, and desired him not to join us at presefit, eVen shbuld the ice open sufficiiently to allow him to do so ; for there was not room for the two ships where the Hecla was lying, and the chanees of saving one of them Arom the catastrophe we had reisOn to apprehend, were greater trf their being separate. At eleven P.M. « narrow lane of water opened near the Griper, extending ilbout three miles to the S.S.W. ; near us it had also slackened « little about midnight, but it would have been difficult to find a ^hote*' of water in wniieh a boat could have floated, more than three hundred vards beyond the ship. ~^ On the morning of the fth, a black whale (Bakma Mtf9ticetui)i clnone op close tb the Hecla, being the first we had seen since the 32d of August threceding year, about the longitude of 9l|* W.; it therefore acquired aihotlg us the distinctive appellation of «A« whafie. Since leaving Wihter Harbour, we had aba, on two or tht^e occasions, seen a solitary seal. The whud continued fresh from the east and E.N.E. in the morning, and the loose ice came close in upon us, but this main body remained stationary at the ^s- tancb*' of nearly half a mile. Considering that it might be of ser- vice to know the state tif the ice further to' the south and west than the vt^W from the Uecla's mait'^head wOutd'affoW^S) I despatched Lilbutf^it Beechey with one of the marines', albng the top 9f the hifih to the westward, for that purjSose. At t#ii P. M ., he returned with a fawn, which 4|av^ us thirtyi^eight pounds of venison, and with the information of hkvlitff discbvlered land from W.S.W^ to S;S.W. at a great distance, and the loom of it also extending as far rbund to the eastward as a S.E. bearing.' Lieutenant Beechey con- side^td the general dlistahto of the Ilihd to be from forty to fifty '^ ]'" "mk 'iiiMpit K> iitiii ^^'^'^^mmHt^mm--^'^ 203 miles, the netreit being about a S.S.W. bearing, iN thtet capes could be plainly distinguished with a- glass. The report^ of the state of the ice waa by no means favourable to our hopes, the S(ea being covered with floea as far as the eye could reach,, and the space between them so filled with broken iccf or the floes so close» ; ly joined, that scarcely a ** hole*' of water was to be seen. In the afternoon, a man from each mess was sent on shore ta > pick sorrel, which was here remarkably fine and large, as well aa more acid than any w« had lately met with. The shelter from the northerly winds, anonied by the high land on this part of the coast, together with its southern aspect, renders the vegetation here iifi- .^ mediately next the sea much more luxuriant than in most parts of Melville Island which we visited ; and a considerable addition was made to our collection of plants. ihThe easterly breeze died away in the course of the day* and at three P.M.* was succeeded by a light air from the oppoute quar- ; ter ; and as this freshened up a little, the loose ice began to drift into our bight, and that on the eastern side of the point to drive, off*. - It became expedient, therefore^ immediately to shift the ship round the point, where she was made fast in four fathoms abaft, and seventeen feet forward, close alongside the usual ledge of sub- marine ice, which touched her about seven feet under water, and which, having few of the heavy masses aground upon it,, would, probably, have allowed her to be pushed over it, 1 id a heavy pres- ., sure occurred from without. It was the more necessary to moqr; -; the ship in some such situation, as we found from six to seven fa- thoms' water, by dropping the hand-lead down close to her bo^^, and quarter on the outer side. ,,. We had scarcely secured the ship, when the wind once more shifted to the eastward, and the loose ice almost immediately be- gan to move back in the opposite direction. The wind being, how;- ever, rather off the land than otherwise, I preferred remaining in, our present situation, on accotmtW the safer beach which we. found here ; and as there was, in other respects, little or no choice betwixt the two places, unless the wind came more on the land. At half-past ten P.M., the loose ice began to fill up the small space which had hitherto beea clear about the ship, although the wind was at N.E., which is more off the land than we had before expe-^ rienced it. Several h^vy pieces of floes drove close past us, not less than ten or fifteen feet in thickness, but they were fortunately, , stopped by the p^nt of land without coming in upon us. At eleven o'clock, however, a mass of this kind, being about half an acre in extent, drove in, and gave the ship a considerable " nip" between it and the land-ice, and then grazed past her to the west- ward. I now directed the rudder to be unhung, and the ship to be swung with her head to the eastward, so that the bow, being the strongest part, might receive the first and heay|ea| pjtiessure. < * \i y > •fe- /• \ .1 vV*. 'fiy ¥ : 7 2d4 llie ice did aot disturb ut asain till live A.M. on the 8th, when another floe-piec« came in, and gave the ship a heavy rub, and then went past» after which it continued alack about us for several hours. Every thing was so quiet at nine o'clock, as to induce me to venture up the hill abreast of us, in order to have a view of the newly-discovered Irnd to the south-west, which, indeed, I had aeen indistinctly and much refracted from the Hecb'e deck in the morning. The weather being rather unfavourable, I had not so clear a view as Lieutenant Bcechey, but I distinctly saw high and bold land from S. 75* W. to 30* W., the part most plainly visible> and appearing the nearest, being at a S. 55* W. bearing. Tha genenu distance of this land, I considered to be somewhat greater than that at which Lieutenant Beechcy had estimated it, and it is placed on the chart at from siztera to eighteen leagues from the station at which the ships were lying. 'Iliis land, which extendi beyond the 117th de^ee of west longit«v:!«, and is the most wes- tern yet discovered m the Polar Sea, \i> the northward of the American Continent, was honoured with the name of Banks's Land, out of respect to the late venerable and worthy President of the Royal Society, whose long life was actively engaged in the encouragement and promotion of discovery and general science. The loom of land was frequently seen as far as a south-east bearing from the present station of the ships, which corresponds with the appearances often observed during our stay in Winter Harbour ; as I have scarcely a doubt, therefore, that this forms m continuation of Banks's Land, which is, in all probability, another island of the North Georgian group, 1 have marked it on the chart by an unshaded line as far as tlie above bearing. From the top of the hill, not a ** hole" could be seen in the ice in any direction ; the wind beinjpp ^extremely variable during the day, kept us in a constant state of anxiety, lest the ice should come in, but It gave us no disturbance. A few hares were brought in by our sportsmen, and a dovekey was seen, being the first for this season. On the morning of the 9th, a musk-ox came down to graze on the beach, near the ships. A party was despatched in pursuit, and having hemmrd him in under the hill, which was too steep for him to ascend, succeeded in killing him. When first brought on board, the inside of this animal, which was a male, smelt very strongly of musk, of which the whole of the meat also tasted, more or less, and especially the heart. It furnished us with four hundred and tWentyiM>ne pounds of beef, which was served to the crews as usual, in lieu of their salt provisions, t^d was very much relished by us, notwithstanding the peculiarity of its flavour*. The meat * 8om« pieeetaTlhii mt-at, which we brought to England, were (band to have apquirtd S maeh more diaagreeHble flavour tbao when first killed, thoo^ tiiej hM not aader|on« ptttreftcUfla in the stighleitdc(re«. m ao5 was remarkably fat, and, aa it hung up in quartefi, looked at fine at any beef in an English market. A small seal, (PAoca Vituiina\ killed by the Griper's people, was also eaten by them ; and it waa generally allowed to be very tender and pidauble, though not very sightly in its fappearance, being of a disagreeable red colour. In the morning-watch, a breeze sprung up from the westward, which we were always ready to welcome, having found that it in- variably served to open the ice, while aa eaaterly wind as con- auntly made it closer. This waa» however, of short duration, being succeeeded soon after noon by a light air from the south- east, which brought all the loose ice into our bight. At half-past three P.M., a lar|;e piece of a very heavy floe came close to us, and would have given us a «* nip*' against the shore, had we not avoided it by heaving the ship a few yards a-head in good time. • It was then brought up by the point of land, and remained quietly half a cable's length astern of us, there not being room for it to drift farther to the westward between the point and an enormous floe which blocked up the passage to the southward and westward. At ten P.M., the whole body of ice which was then a quarter of a mile from us, was found to be drifting in upon the land, and the ship was warped back a little way to me westward, towards that Eart of the shore, which was most favourable for allowing her to e forced up on the beach. At eleven o'clock, the piece of a floe, > which came near us in the afternoon, and which had since drifted back a few hundred yards to the eastward, received the pressure of the whole body of ice, as it came in. It split across in various directions, with a considerable crash, and presently after we saw a part, several hundred tons in weight, raised slowly and majesti- cally, as if by the application of a screw, and deposited on another part of the floe from which it had broken, presenting towards us the surface that had split, which was of a fine blue colour, and very solid and tran«parent. The violence with which the ice was coming in being thus broken, it remained quiet during the night, which was calm, with a heavy fall of snow. The mass of ice which had been lifted up the preceding day, being drifted close to us on the morning of the 10th, I sent Lieu- tenant Beechey, to measure its thickness, which proved to be forty- two feet ; and, as it was a piece of a regular floe, this measurement may serve to give some idea of the general thickness of the ice in this neighbourhood. There were some however, which were of much larger dimensions; an immense floe which formed the principal, or at least the nearest, obstructibn to the westward, was covered with large hummocks, giving to its upper surface the ap. pearance of hill and dale. The thickness of this floe at its nearest edge was six or seven faet above the sea and as about six-sevenths are usually immersed;. 906 the whole thickucis would appear* in the common way of reckon- ing it, to have been from forty to fifty feet» which correiponde with that actually measured by Lieutenant Bcechey. But the hum- mocks were many of them at leait from fifteen to twenty*fiv« feet above the tea ; so that the solidity and thickness of this enormous fioe must have been infinitely greater than any thing we had seen before. It was the opinion of Lieutenant Beechey, and of Messrs. Allison and Fife, that it very much resembled the ice met with at Spitzbergen ; but, according to the account of the two latter, was much heavier than any which they had seen there : Lieutenant Beechey considered that there was much more snow upon tha surface of the Spitzbergen ice. It is here of some importance tc< notice, that the ** loose ice*' in this neighbourhood was on the same increased scale as the floes, so that the danger to be apprehended from the violent contact of one of these pieces was little less than that from a floe of ordinary size, such as occurs in BaAn*s Bay* This circumstance, also, very materially altered the character of the navigation on that part of the coast, for the loose pieces being most of them of -infinitely greater bulk and weight in the water than either of our «h:ps, the latter could no longer turn them out of their way, as usual, in sailing among ihis kind of ice, but were invariably stopped short in their progress, with a violent concus- sion, which nothing but their extraordinary strength could have enabled them to withstand. It now became evident, from the combined experience of this and ihe preceding year, that there was something peculiar about the south-west extremity of Melville Island, which made the icy sea there extremely uniavourable to navigation, and which seem- ed likely to bid defiance to all our efforts to proceed much farther to the westward in this parallel of latitude. We had arrived off it on the 17th of September, 1819, after long and heavy gales from the north-westward, by which alone the ice is ever opened on this coast, and found it, in unusually heavy and extensive fieldsy com- pletely closing in with the land, a mile or two to the eastward of where we were now lying. We again arrived here in the early part of August, and though the rest of the navigation had been remarkably clear for the fifty miles between this and Winter Harbour, seeming to afford a presumptive proof, that the season was rather a favourable one than otherwise, the same obstruction presented itself as before ; nor did there appear, from our late ex- perience, a reasonable ground of hope, that any fortuitous circum- stance, such as an alteration in winds or currents, was likely to remove the formidable impediments which we had now to encoun- ter. The increased dimensions of the ice hereabouts would not alone have created an insurmountable difficulty in the navigation, but that it was very naturally accompanied* by a degree of close- ness wlu(;h seldom or never admitted an open^space of clear watjDf 207 of sufficient tiae for » ihip, or even a boat, to liil in. We had been lying near our preient station with an easterly wind blowing fresh for thirty-six hours together ; and although this was consi- derably oflT the land, beyond the western point of the island now in sight, the ice had not, during the whole of that time, moved a single yard from the shore { affording a proof that there was no space in which the ice was at liberty to move to the westward^ and offering a single and a striking exception to our former ex- pcrience. . Under these circumstances, I began to consider whether it would not be advisable, whenever the ice would allow us to move, to sacrifice • few miles of the westing we had already made, and to run along the margin of the floes, in order to endeavour to find an opening leading to the southward, by taking advantage of which we might be enabled to prosecute the voyage to the westward in a lower lati- tude. I was the more inclined to make this attempt, from its having long become evident to us, that the navigation of this part of the Po- lar Sea is onlv to be performed by watching the occasional openings between the ice and the shore ; and that, therefore, a continuity of land is essential* if not absolutely necessary, for this purpose. Suck a continuity of land, which was here about to fail us* must neces- sarily be furnished by the northern coast of America, in what- soever latitude it may be found ; and, as a large portion of our short season had already been occupied in fruitless attempts to penetrate further to the westward in our present parallel, under cir- cumstances of more than ordinary risk to the ships, I determined* whenever the ice should open sufficiently, to put into exeeiltion the plan I had proposed. The westerly wind cleared us by slow degrees of the loose masses of ice about the ship, and in the afternoon the main body igL went off" about three hundred yards, drifting also a little to the ^^ eastward. It may alv/ays be expected, in icy seas, that a breeze of wind, however light, will set the ice in motion, if there be any room for it to move ; in such cases, the smaller pieces of course beffin to drift the first, and the heavier ones soon follow, though at a slower rate : among loose ice, therefore, almost every separate piece is seen to move with a different velocity, proportioned to its depth under water. Having gone on shore in the evening to make some observations for ihe variation, I afterwards ascended the hill, in order to take a view of the state of the ice in the offing. The breeze had now begun to open several ** holes," particularly in the vest and south. east quarters ; it was most loose in the latter direction, except close along the land to the eastward, where a ship might possibly have been got, had this been our immediate object. The ice, however, looked just aff promising to the westward as in any other quarter, and I found, before I returned on board, that it continued 0— "S^-w « ^ » *■""• * t 308 I to drift to the eastward, and to leave more and more space of dear water in the required direction. I, therefore, communicated to Lieutenant Liddon my intention of pushing on to the westward the instant the sea became clear enough for the ships to make any progress with a beating wind ; but, in the event of railing to do sc% that I should next try what could be done by attempting a passage considerably to the southwardjgf our present paralleK At seven P.M., we shipped nie rudd^Jilliig^ti|t M( iA mat ahaudmiM, an4 at the »^ cfjt^n mititit^^hOiir. Ul «flh>ar alUte w« had elTiicted thft, I had reason t0 m$$mt^ With the detenllMtion to which I had co#e, <|f fioe getl|g|»'llie,:abi|lA uMec^ir^* lor time w»a lileraUy l^il^ «*^^^b:^ Dub ii»aH^iead» in ^^ a^1^V^»» Ptot of the iaUmd | hun4red^tlftii6veiil|e fevel of Ute ie«^j^ ihe ht£, imnie^ J^lely at^^J^^ 4C«p«, at^ d|MatM:e»^6^d di^ ao, while ^e had heenJ^klgTS this «ia»<»a; Ik cireuot^tance which we #ere the more incUiied to QO^^e, at the <^terhr windb had hitherte been more famt and l«»a fteq^ent than those froto the weatWard. In this respect, therefiriie, «re £dhildered ourselvea unfortunate, as experience had airea# ahewn ua^ that nohe but a wes^tcrly wind ever produced upon #E d ^ W\ ^' 1 M id 1 ' m ^^^H^ya Kp- W t *q(. llif |»itt no ^ear wat^ in aiiy directioa. ' JifUr ten oVi Wind blew much bai^er^wlilcH obliged us 4 «trike'^et^.M^ yardsi and to biiic« the yafds to the' wind ; the ice had by this time the unial ibaniier;^the ily bein^^ fuU of hard dense cloudU and the widd bU>wing strong; bt^t no sensible cffGtct was produced uptin'the ^d leaf. \ ' I^.^The gale continiied strong during the night, and the 'icp Wtte «(|iationary. Not a pool of clear water could be ^en in' any £raed- tlbn* except Just under the lee of our point, where there ra^^a «pace large enougll to contain half a. dozen sail' of ships, ttll itiout noon, on the 12th, when the whole closed in ujwn us wj^tlti^y appohent cause, n^^tf/i that the Wind lill<^1n' itir^lar puVs a^t that time, and at one P.M. it wa!s 8tong||tide; The shi]^ wicf pTabei in the most advantageous manner for taking the^beacK^ #ifitib the shelf of submarine ice, and the rudder ag^in* unshl^d'ltfd Iniikg across the stem. The ice whH;h calihe in contact €>lli'''^lfe fh'ip's side consisted of very heavy loose^ pieces, 'drawih|; twelte niariburtecn feet water, which, howevier: wcf comideWd' aa iodd ««ietideri/' comparatively with the enormous ieldB#h^«^ cbi^i^ Ifae sea just without them. So much, indeed, dp wej|ud|e ilt iHl thnea hy comparison, that this Icind of fee, which in Davis* S^firUt we should, not like to have had so near u», waa noW coiiiiidertedt^^ Ihfinite service, when interposed between th<( tlhhp^ahd tll» t^lnr fliifea. Every thing retnained quiet for the ycat onhe day, withd^ prtJducing any pressore of conseqiiience ; the wiiid ^iilerri^i^'% N;b*£. at nlgttiL but without moving the ice off th^ land. ' ' ''>"^ Early in the Hn^nilifr of the 1 Sth' I re<^t«ed, by Mi'. D^^^li^^ a SMl the Griper was lying, by which meanTahe Waalbrec^d agkiiilt le Submarine ice, and her stern lifted two jfeet out of ^ ifAit^ Thia pressure. Lieutenant Liddon remarked, ^ad given herf'^it Wl^icfa made her crack a good deal^^lifut aoj^retilly WltM>iitmsf^ ing any material injury in her hiil( thougn the ice 1ini» 4f!l| gown- ing upon her when Mr. Griffiths came 'awf«y. She hid «IWt heeled inwards,- but on being lifted higher, fell o^^r tofl^iidi Ote deep water. Under these circumstances; Lieutenant LiddOh^ liad very properly landed all the journals and other documenii bf im- portance, and made evei^ arrangement in his power for iivil^ Ihe prbvisions and stores, m case of shipwreck, whieh he had^fiOW every reason to anticipate. Convinced as I was that nb ftfiliiatif ttt or power could, in our present situation, prevent such :« cataatit^^, whenever the pressure of the ice became sufficient, I waa maik than ever satisfied with the determination to which f hadlsriEWl^^lSfy- come, of keeping the ships ajtart, during the continuance of these «u untoward circumfMiyett in osder tOsincreaM the chcocii inltiMiiiif oiwi>o£ them frow incidents of this nature. 1^ there|ore» l||iip^( it right merely to dii^t Lieutenant Liddon'a. attention t(ft..t^«^J|%(| capaityof aavin9;theprovi(|i«Q« and fuel, ini>re(eren4^ ta.any'oQi^ species of storesi and e$t«l>liMied aignaU to be a^ide upoa the pt^afOk e^ Griper ; and our attention was, therefore, diverted to the qspi^ mo- poc^t object of providing, by every means in^ our .power, JGm', the,, security of the larger ship^ as being thci principai depdt of proivi^, , uoita. and other resources. At five P.M. Lieutenant Liddon atquainted me by letter, t^iat the Griper had at length righted, the ice having slackened a littUf. a«p4^ her, and. that all the. damage she. appeared to hftvi;.susttM|i^i^ . ed was in her rudder, which was badly split, and would- iriquiri some jiours^ labour to repair it, whenever the icwhich^ having been fre<|u«n|>| . ly ^Mled bafliwiu^s and forwards past the ship since, that. t^Ci^^ hadoil^^ote stationed itself rather nearer to, us than we ,could> ha^^wished* I may here remaric that this mass, of which we knew the dimennons by actual meMuvement, served, when . drin^in^^. aramig. die heavy toea^ in the ofl^^ as a standard of .comp^itcisop^ by^whlcK.the height of the latter al^ve the sea, and ;then^^^e|r,^ whole IhiUe,- could be estimated wi^ttplerabb accuracy; an^ iV.^^f prng^tipaUyin thia maimer that a. jutlgment was formed of ihofll, eQonttoua Aekia with which, this, paft of the sea was incambere* vary light atrfron^c ^ nuthward ai^d e9stwafd^l9Kt the^greaier part of the eveningm^ &g on^e on as ^ al»i«^^ , pbeire cooled at night. , ! .w , Soon after niidnight the ice pvtssad closer in upon the I|e<:la^|^x beM% i^vjng her. a heel of eighteen inches towards the shoKe/liiii yiJi > ftt e|ipe»iitty-to strain Mr mthe slight^ d|gree. libst of •1 '% ■j'|s.^^**^»;^^'"'i^ m tile bill lowei«4 doira* and iicf Id upfMitUd If.'' . f w- i^ bewrh^ to prevent thtir being daaiaged, thoold th« ihip 09 fercelf Updo W broidtmfi, «nd the reat wen pitw pbtcied ii^ a atfli^^ tiiaiiolN By four P.M. on th^ I4tli, th^^tiiireltad gradiii%#^ owuedt jand the Ibip had only thtve or fbttir infibfi htd| in an Mr aiWr ahe bad {wrfeiptly rigbtcidCiiid the ice rattitttied qniet for ibi rattoTtbe day. A Hidit^aAt^ winrd, #ltb«t»td! abow ittiiii#, oontiniied till ai^ A.M*^ «bfb it died mmmA waa Hooa alter aocNctfadftdri^ a ifeittie «lr ft^ the westwaitL ^ f Mr. Fiaber tiied in eiipcrliiieilt on the apiecific gravity of a |iiie oT floe*lt« faben np Iroitt idobgaide the iA#. by^hieb it iip|^«il«d tdba baitl^iinin thftl #c bidbitberto ir«iM|bM^^i^^ net* fiieii^g; fon^ed into a cube, whoae aidfei Ittiailirid km iitt tiro ^ncheaand aeveb-teiifbat and placed ««ioat in the t«A,«i%«k%l Jilifla, to penetrate to the southwird, whenever tbelee WbtiM ilt#w |tf to move it an^ ritherthan bersavetie aiiy longer Idtbetttteaifllla #^ bid been litely makhi^ witti so little auteeeV to push mritK»««»' 1^ ma^ weacward. ' U tbensfe:»«, mtb Lte!«tebiait I^ddoiiiA Mt|r $6 nmba^ a certain distanfce tiiihe eastwitd, wbtttttverlte eoof tK6 eed tb«he Oripeit, JirHh ;the;l&itlM»ft df iftMklflg jUiiother at- tei^iift, «1iicl|i.th# frt»e0«Vbi»itt!lfc ip.*t*AMIf^«^> ltt«**f" f«;£^forw«Hl irltht^tt^^My i^ i1^ a«Bil>el| ^i^ctt6tt; At '^ A,M», therefoi^i as sodtt As liife ikm htti d^ed a^ay^ J<4{fct< vk aBbir die iigkidl tb 1^ difertidit^isM* ^^ dulil dfl^ ittg^ «n iL aliotiv^ #hia hi^W b^«»i* IHni^ V^eriift lb Ihf t.b.K», iM^ liiMftii^ iii'^tkit pmmi bf tH6 liA^wes^as ^ blMid theti^. W saile«:^ibttir> ie^^y at tb^ dlifiabeb of i^ hdiat^d biF a tuT'*''^ A ii%>yirt:4k ftoitK Ibe beiith, tj^J^i^dibg^ b^lt^fl^^ seventeen fathoms; and, afu^r running a mile and. ^ ^«( I^W^W; dH^tiett^ ^p: iBH^ft mm li^ p^j N»|ri«»d>ktbey(»bdi», Ve,ti^<^fote,b||%|lfiij ^cH 4^« mrecte iil Ibit Umiii^i CSrtMiJBie tp fibalil| ^ #lli|«^'4«e iier^ eiiabteil lo fl»j6i^ ^ Heiebt wtf blMiv^#aii»fr^ig«Mi«de4l^K'i«i^^.d)ii^ bft a im^j^^m^i^ afsd Li#bt^t Id#4^» di^rip.i|d<^lvb«m^ )^tbplaipi«^^IIM|M)hfe Itttb^ iri|#ih>^^ ,Fi^yi«»'b«^li^'l;eiydiscifr^ii^i'»'bs «Nai'ibel^#l«<;^d'i|My Mi|^^|#««i||i|.;«-'|l«|f«^4ftti{i|; Ae--4k|fi4 'ibbv^'tbe H^'*«** #a&iiivto«»lS\^t^1i^I« to^rftreo «eihmrlbbe» •ceUMit. ^4tk'i||b>t|<^. I «MemMiiid fti:arnm«efiieBttth|t.htM| b^e|iin«det mKltocarocdt withhiai. Bf 16 iheo^niMiit tobU'ltdopM for h^r ptifety^ en^ the.presei^^i r^^ ^ ^^' W#-#/ere ihortly afteiNrerd*, hows wr, rc^- Iteredlrvil Wftorihier am^ehtniion on t|iis account, by the Ice, gMtoilly ireeedil% from ^^ shore, in consequence pf a.wei^ly. nreese t|!rtog^ up, ind aSowiog the Grtoer.tq warp W near Ae„- Htecla, wheit, tbottgh ahe WMbirnq meens so safe af that ship.' shife wavaffeMt placed in a ai^tupn, With whiph the e^traordinaiy . nl^ «l emr bie niVintkm t^t^ght us to he satUed. ^ , L ^*: ^^ fclind veiy «od^ sjpcirt in our new ^»fipa, l^ifm^ ?'**'**"^"?^*T*'v'*J f^' *^*'^ ***»""' ewursijjn, witKj»i<£, har^ i the b|rdt htd^ of late, alteostlspitirely deseitol u«, a * ot'lw«> of ptirmilpin and snow-bMngs, » few gl^ucoii^^ »^^i,>^^aii o^ b^g all thathM^heen niei.ifl&ijfor aev £^^^t^ •^S'y fine,,fesuc5e^<|, Sr^^* ?5rl®^?^^/"r ••**^ ?> H»* 'ce, after twenty-four- hpuKs' fff^ jyjg ya. from whence ^ »t uppear^ ^ tooeyl^l. d^y^l^mmst WH^Jchwu^i of ahoiit tKreerquwter»,of a^iiffi irp. extreiiie in sight,. iih4w|ia.^ e lifine whicli^ .ifiM^^ '!(*" M* ' rf c4||,€ape Dui^a«,:n^ <^PI^^»<^ - „ ■ ■iViHt'-iUtT-..'' Kf.Jf?--' ■r'^^f;- m fitithitted direct laitetdif tttmUis l» iSkmlfmfitb' #ird.#ethoul(lftHl 6ive «(»iiiifl¥id to proceed «Uttle9C«MiiilMdlf, M b|i|xyMd^iWridviidtwi^^ i^th iMtn pireweiNid^^^ M o^iffitor ol tbew M4|iii#» tKere i^embd IfiKe or iiitfciia lii hope for ^^1)9' atiy fiiriliofiofr-^ lifitipis to prose^^ the niMiil oi^e^of tbo v^graNfi^ i^ i^i«f^ t ^l^Ui^MfM^iMmma»v^ ^ pofpiH^^ of »» mete mitatlwi^i lidtttde, in wNkMinlgltl.? '" > .. '■..x;. vi';.i;i>;::'i>^ jt.'.'; ^ 'Ilkci^^lilMe td itrliieh we hi#1M>v!#a]k«^' watt^ of the Uifest TKViife we M i^ytibt^i^eto uMtlio ii|Mid^l|v^wid^ «r^^^ B^ tbit^^^^ obcNri half ft oiik^ «iidiibi to bo mmyfmiidk «ith< klMf ttofiKidtwuloii df theiNlftviilttflir oliirt hav^beelBji^oitired, With tne4ki» ftptfftn|Bd^ fojteftdeteMiii^'to (lew dttTio vftit il 6ed iditm mtkvuii'6hm»f^ of t}m^^^ the f6mi»iti«ii i4Eif the n^hii, 4tt^liur:M we <6oold Moihem >iiili»«^nw> irlliM, hcreiMid theit Wettihh^ Utjm ftpright Matjitftj or eimit l^littrii *lftUiM|(i% iiiiadit the'iii^^i'^ which- ean^uaded thma f ia otl^ii[^>liiEiei^%1'lri)g^ 6f aittdbtdiie, id thift hMumtii^eBata^ 'w«» left iB^(tf'iui4i« nM&iierV ^^Ht^H ^^^ kpf^^tm^ of ft.#itt dvtiC etl% edt^thiifted, and on Ahkcik Muite fain tofsetittM occunrcjd; higher than the rest, not imlijEe chimneys, for which, ii|'lia/pli|t»- ' ' dottotrj^; thev«il|h« eiaiilf' hdH^e^ been take« at n Vlm die- i Iniloni« 6f thie Uigher nam of the land, upon die brink oC„ ^yMj^ite which overlook the «e«, we renarbed ahnoat the£ii| imiett^ement of ravinet, cMtBisting of taall chunnela a yacd^ oT. t«l^%i%^b!rlrttd Wh&b^ ai ;%e then amoed^ounelvea by- raftect. il^, iiMfj^ «^ day ^embie 4lo»e inmienie bed| which conatttote the HuMi iubttlaio Ind flctttteiqiie featti^. 4|Mt ^ iafand can bduik. I h.- tfi f #0 kf ■mmv % jiiitNii ^i^Af ji'viAa toiiii«Mvi9( ^ 4fr IMH^ito^#BhLll«Hj«^ IP JLli.f> and «attii«Bii IM, bDMiMHt^ ahoiiit; iti9iMai#j;k«g»;|iBr»if iCV*^ AvtHir oirer io qiudi f»- 4m4t ;^'i|H||^^ 10 gl«e «h« •HPtw«r«iffO .of tlieirlifi^g 'm «M Mt of JHJbs>i»pQB iier d« lathf^jHi cyp9ied eituttion» and Wttr rudder uoshipped, io lyt^- «m»|^ die kp JoQHBg io t it re«MiiR«d ^oiet, hoivev^^ thl!^ ; OTif^;c|| ijfc y; jat|M Iheittay, the weathtivheing G»U»iand «^*«" Cii^^ Be a- -< f»^». # fiif Mriqm diMUtte I iMit thmpQiitt off tfMM fiiidrimmt nanet faUini; upon lier dec! mutt ii|eviiBilitlf eriitn or sink btr. ^ The weather tM|iig4ig#ii calm oii^« 9Qth i^d^lttaUowed tlj^ M|rottDg ic€^ to itoriii iipoii th^ aitiface to tiich J( 4egrc« m firmly tp cement together the loo^e pieces' which hung MXHit the thipt ; anil itdid Qot thaw during ihoie daya, though the aun waa ahiaing deatlf iipon it for aeyeipl h^un* Although tht« alouf waa a^i||| cient to deter roe frommoYiug the ahipa, Wfthouit f^/reah breeze of wliHt, I w«a anxioua to'kiM9«^i|ic atate of tl^ct l^e to t|ie eaat^ar^ anfl I, therefore, aeni Ifr, JNIaa to the Cape on the evening of the Siat^ to examine it with a glaaa. Oi|l hia return he acouninte^ me that no alteration had talen pUce, the „whok body of the ice re- maning atiU close in with the shore, and perfecOy compact fknd impemiihle to the eastward, aa well aa toloe aouth. ' On die M» the .ice still rematiied as close aa befoire, more so in- de«dl as« on'tfie ffiiltire of a, light breeze which had been blowing from the westward for an hour or twot and had amused ua wim hopes of gBttilBg aff^, the loose ice surrounded us completely, so tha^ wc were »iimoVeab|y beset Calm weather ia obaenred air wicy§ to malce ice op«n out, and occupy . m^re apace than it had doite before, as if the previous breeze Md been acting on,ai| elaa- tic ^ubatan^e» urMch springs blu;k aa soon aa the forco of the wind ia tehnoved ifrom it. ., ^ The ** vbung ice** had increased to, the thickness of an inc^ and A liiKf oil the inortiillg.of the 23d, and somesno% w^i^ had Allien i^.tbe night served to cemient the. whole more firmly together. On « hf^tKi ipiinging up frmta the westward,, however, It ^oou ^gMi 10'icciuire A motion to leeward, aU^,.at half an hoar befote noe«|, lind uackened abont the ahips sufficiently, to allow 1^ jto warp.dlie^pi ancl by great fttentioti to thelfMib), kep$ an till ttiey hafl got abreaat of Cape Providence, after which they ware Uo longer inumagi;able, the ice being moreclomt than befori. I have before remarked that the loose ice in this ikfclghboiiirluM^ was h<»'avy in piraportion to the ftoes from vfhich H bad been bro-^ Icelk ; and the imp(Msibili^ of sailing among such ice, most ci which drew more water than the Hedai,and could not therefore ,be |ig[tiied b]r her wei|^t, was this day rendered very m||areiit,^tHe ahipo hnt- Ing receivMl by far the heaviept shocks lutich thfsy, experienced during the voyage. They continued, however, to drive till they wcre i^boot three miles to the eastward of Cape Proyi(|ence» where the low land commences; when finding that theii« was not .any •ppiearance of opeU water to^e eastward or southward, said thlt we were now incnrring the risk of being befet at. sea, Wi^Uibul^a ^Ipiice of inftking, ant farther progriess, we hauled in.lbr, di#l^|f^t Viftce jtf' grounded ice we cottid see upon the. bench) wnieh 1>^ 319 mclied at six P.M„ hiiringpjrftirmti^liiilti ^jm^ cult navigation I have ever known am«>ng let. THelNc^WM made faat In ftd» «i(^ltin td «f«ity f?** ^•««';^,£^2&|*S and the Griper in four fiithona, about half a Aila to thf wiatSlird "* Tlie tituatiMi hi which the thipa were how plaeed, ^•J^J^'jJ* In combination wt«i the ahortnesa of the remaraing partf of Oi* et^ aon, and the period to which our. «*«»«««• f/jtf5j^2?S2r be extehded, waa a»ich aa to require a more thin <2??2l2t deration, in order to dctemine upon the ««f««'*»»<»*J*^^ be punned, for the advancement of the pubUc senrice «» «r ii- uuiity of the ahipa attd people comniitttJd to my charje. Judm from the c]o.e of the aummer of 181«, it wa. reaaonable to comMct t^ rth of September aa the limit beyond which the ~;j>8«^w «f this part of the Polar Sea could not be performed. v«* y>»w*» aSety to the aVipa, or with any hop* offtir^er aiicceaa. Jw^ ed, however, wSh a ttronv M^na^ ^f the eflorta which it becjajo ur to make in the prbaecuStin of dur enterpriae, I waa iftdttced to e««id thil limit to the 14th of ScPttmbjr, before which day, on the precediPrf y<^r, the winter might fmify b* •«<*«<> ">*2JgL;'»- But even wfth thia extenftion our proa^icct warnot vwy^iJgBWf. ing: the direct dlitttMie to Icy Cape waa between <»8l>^ M«Jtoii Kvmdred miles, while that which we had advanced towaWa fX^m aeawjir, fett short of aixty milei. _ %Jeu^ 1 have already d(et«»edthe reaaona which mdlned me to b^^ that th*re waa little hope of making further PVorfM ^^"^^SE! i-^ilrd iii thia latitude, andnthe grounds ^p6n wbi^h I had Mg- mined to niti along the^d^ of the ice to th* eaatward. Mp|| hoilrevev, was the extreme difficulty with which we were tm to navigate the ships in this, or in any other direction, thai Hi ibr maoy days been equally out of our power to eifect thia ifa^i .S5^d/we had eXpeneticed, daring the first half of the navigtMb 'WiAi auth II continued series of vexations, disappomtmento ana iiai^, actompaliicd by such a cowtimt '^^.^^ .JW' ^JV** m&i thit I felt it would no longer be deemed justifiable m fli6 to peSv^ift a fruitlissattcihptto get to the westward. By Mir. Hpopcr»srtport of the remains of proviaiona^ it^^««^ ed that, at thv'pwscnt reduced allowance, (namely, two-thir^Mjf the established plwjiortion for the navy) they would last mitiltht 30th of November, lESl ; and that an immediate reducttoii to^ allowance, which, must, however, tend matcndly to t^l^, w health and vigour of the officers and n»«nv wwjdd onlyexteiiggr resources'tiUthe 80th of April, 18«6 ; it therefore becime a rtigHfr ©f evident and imperious necessity, that the ships should b* clip- ed from the ice before the cl«»»e of the seasob of IMi, aq^tt ^to reach some station where supplies might be obtained by the en* of -Alitor early in the,followkigfy€l&^. ' .^H ,*.--J2 ,»V »<■ w»re %niitlid, etniU 00^ be nuuU to eitra4 to a ptriod of m Stt«U?te.S2^ ^&Jf^ ^ No.j«»l^ laU mil oMK»MdboH««^attriii.tl«olthoc»i«ngwtolwm^ Thl iPtff cpi|)^«>o^.viii ^Moo mwdlw to the proportion oT lUU of ^ ywr, ^m OM mm hiitQihrimhmhS$ of cod ^^w--. f PWf ^**^^,?^ f'**?* W#»!P thiB oflwm Md mfQ comfort m 9^J^^^ f «"if»te, WM foi^ Urely «i|flki«iit to ptunm %1^ to f««i^ froiii crowdiiMr neirlv oof huodrtd Mr^ Bieiome ^tiite would hsvo been to muoK iQcf««Md, tbii 1!S/P^9^?". of a>« iwnie^ellfat Htiltli wU . ,S Wiy«^»jfh>^ « «• powlj^ tb*i tht 4lficttlt9r r f?i^ I'Slcfeduiu Of r«|i«^iii|ig i^ght Mfo m ^Slj^i;^^' t«jf (|er With torn oOicn of «« 8?% |S?^« f 1» ?^ %»J?9^. V> ciJi for the opinions v. %*S?? - "** «xp«ditu)p, b«in| detirouB of profi^te imiP^ii*»*lw»<* c^pfcriencc, pitvioiit to formipg my _ '^ t ' 9l?# ^^''^^^^ >»<> ^«»»- Edwardf «)d Hooper. Su. T® %' l» W»?^n T?»ch I Have iu»t detailed, and requettliiff tibeie '^m>^F *? w^tct witWi^ttirty-eix hours i^ter thff recfipt ^ letter, "^ H*^i2???*^ H ** ?**» *« ^»n^ *>^*«d «o north, and ^Tlpct^d^ to a fw,h breeze, which m^e thf ic« ttliaai JNt fo slowlv, that It was not tiU tM» A.M„ tint wo ! wid9 enouA to move the shipe to a point a mUt and ea«fward» which we reached by nhort tacka alnbon t ICC Could 6e seen. So qaickfy, ■l!4«e<<, sjgi, tlv nntgt'clllBMt fP S^i^i'iMiri * "SJ^Bwi^i.. >'^*Sf!;iS?^?'^'-' ■' ^ ^ ^ l. ..cn ,» «- ' !* "' ' "''" ■•ga ■t^vs:]^,. m ^Umd, in wWcb w« iMid bMimiWaf , Umt when w« mMl«fiuit» the ice at the poiat, it woulil \mv Iwen impoMible to iMf • rtturn- td even to the tfol we hail jiwt before left. ^ ^ A herd of muak-oxefi b«iB« wen at a little dietince »»» the shipt, a party waa deanatched in piirattit; and Meaart. Fiiher ana fiiuhnan were fortunate in kiUing a fine buU, which aeparated from, the reat of the herd» being too unwieldy to make Mch good way aa the othera. He waa. however, by no meana cauriit by our peo- pie in fiiir chaat, for tho^gh theaa imim^la run with a hobbling aort of canter thit mpkea tfiem appear aa if every now and then about to fall, yet the abweat of them c§n far outstrip a man. In thli herd were two cf Ivea, much whiter than the reat, tha older onaa having only the iprhite aad^le. In the evening, Sergeant Mar- 0n aucceeded in kiUing anqthfr ^i|ll; theae two animala aflbrded n very welcomf eupply of freab m«*^ *e fire t givins us thrte hun- dred and aivty-nine, and the a^er threo hundred and fifw.tWQ ponnds of be the same manner aa before.* The win4 died away 8Q9n a«^r we reached the point, affording Miliobe of m^iPg* ft* ^^ preaent, any further progwaa by^tha ^ngof the wefrom the la^d; !|re, therefore, hwiled the ebipa into the beat births we could find, in doing which the l|ecla> 4bf«-foot rested on the ground fbir a short timet but she was aftei^ fr«r#i aecured in four fifh^m** I* w"a low water by the shore H ^^ i^t (flmed in upon u» i? the course of the night, leaviiM;^no| n ^||a p<#l of op^ water in sight in any direction. It wat hi|^ fratef ai l^pasttwipf A.M*f nn^ low-water at threeniuartera past eiglit, oil <^e 3J(tbrSOthat the udes appeared to contiiiue very rem. far o»^is pa^t of the coast. The Griper, being very near thff i^MOu n^funded as the tide fell, SQ that the water U^ft her between two nniTtfeieef^et } Liei^na« Li44pi», therefore, warped out neai^ toibe Heieb in tha #«ik>vidence to the eiwtiiaid, recede a^ut tw; milM Irom ^ sea> araa the most lu^^uriaiit pfsWW ground w-e had yet n^t #ith on Melville Island. It conaisled of about a dpzcii acrea of short thick grass, int«rmixed with moss,, which gave it ahiioai^ aame lively appiearaiK^e as th^ of an English meadQW* It was covered with *e dung and foot-tracks of muslE-oxen, of :(; opoa a Hw AwM 3[Ummmm, belBf jk^riaTflf aewlj twdw mm&h ^m •• «tov»: Affording ^7M poondt «f «Mit. ■' tf- s Mmk-ona SS Umm S$ QecfB 144 Ftam^puA - X As »; »•'< ''I &S'' whi^j^ttji^^ ^nearlt; tod iti^ hen that the Itenl Uibr<^iti«iidoa«d wt» feeding. Wbfii waUtMr over ^ spot, on whU:h th«re were numv si^ ponde of w^Mr, our Mrpriie^m lomft degree ceeMd at tbe f mmeiiw distaiice^wbteh these animals must travel in the course ^ their anai^Ml visits to ttiese dreary and desolate reifions ; as such a paatumifibtdhiff im- disturbed attd liixtttiant feeiMng daring the sommer months, may, in wite of the general dreary appearance of the isbmd, hold oat sufficient mducement for their annual emigration.^' A thermometer in the sun acout two FMi stijod at 58* for a short time,, the weather being quite calm and fine. Mr. Fisher tried^sn experiment on the specific graVI^ of a' piece of floe-ice found lyrafc on the top of one of the grounded masses near the beach. JieHi^ formed into a cube, whose sides^meisored two feet, and put into the sea, at th» tempdrature of 33% wlUi that side '*P: Tr*'»<^J ^"^ ^y'***^ upj^fermost when first found, thrtje inches and a half of It remained above the siirfece; bar. when the opposite side was turned up, only three inches appeared above water.. The Udtude observed a| this sution was 74* 2r I9'% the longitude ti^' a' 3S",aikd the variation of the magnetic needle ll4« 34' 4A** «sisterly. * x ^ We b»e obtained our last supply of snrrel, the kaves of trhieh liad now bemme so shrivelled* «• well as insipid, as to be no few- er worth gatherUig. We saw no birds here but one or two ftoeln of king^dueki, a speckkd owl, which was hilled* and n6w ahd then a solitaiy glaucous goll. .. d^, An dr of wind having sprung up fromthe westward in ^«v£ii- i»g, the ite had slaekened< about a» alitdo by eiriit P^M., wlili^ induced me to cast off soon after, though with Iitfle p i ^Bigiv ^f making any pi^»toi)se;. After two heui*; dM^whid^^ibe^Si^ deserted us, wishad gained about three-q^iart^iirbl^amilfrW^Ihe «nst*»rd, and then made fast to tbehmd-iee to #iutferan'o^eii^, which might enah'e ds to proceed. ■ The wind remained ligh^ and variable till five A^Bf; on llm£8ai, when a westerly breeze begamb open the ice aUtde>f at i«|i^we ^flEst off, and amde aU sail to the eastwi^, thrtjtt^ i^os| t^i^lNe^ ty pieces of ice, between which there seeiosed suffitient?]N0iii|^ the iliips to saU. We soon Ibimd, however, that theydni^'^, which at a distance appeal ed'tiVe open tirater^ tMit^n^-j^^^gi^iiiHf occufSed the spa^e bettireen^e heftvier masses^ fiiM i«iiPipal% had ^t^d It, It was imposiiUf to keep Way vnmi^i ot- Wi ^*f»«^^,*»» ri^« direct^^^rtjh, Mfcii^'^ " * — ^-^ of dmog this, that we wei% Inpn^i^ Idr ^ ' half-'past eleven, without gi^iiii%4i^^ii^< ahtp drilled with the ice. Havi^att^ _____„ thi t6i«p« mto which the yom^^Tos ii||^ai«itMI^ gcBtrally ?»itllitt half ^ mite o^llie beach, wjlerea channel oNlear w&ier hid now opened. In the course ot the QiorBingi the ^eda ifcfemd iome very severe ahocka^i one of which we wefevffppehenaive haddamajied the rudder, the ahq|^ h»vji|g run wiib treah atemway against a heavy piece of ice, b# fojrtttnately QO^mttil^al ^jury was sustained. . Soon after noon» the weather became thicks with heavy snpw, so that me were oblifl*,d^to, run entirely by the lead, on wWffh we ihad every reason cenfidn^y ti> rely^ «a a safe andsiire gwde. W« kejuxl^se 4on#the«|lge of the ice, which was quite compact to Che southward of us, without th^smatteit appearance of an open- iiw totisncourage^ a hope of penetrating in that directiWi. having Jww^ reftl^ved the anawfis of the; oflS^ra U> my tettef addressee to ^em on the ^3d, and given the matter my moat se*- rious and mature conaidcratidn, it was necesaary that I ihoidd make vp my mind as to the future conduct of the, Expedition^r It was g^^tifying to me to find that the officers unanimously agreed with me in opi|iion that any further attempt to panotrate to the westward in, our present parallel would be altpgether fruitleps^and attend- ed with a coo»iderablft.^ of tirnf* wbiph might he more use* fully employed. They tUso agreed with me in thinking* that the plan which I had adopted, ofrunning back along the e(^ of the ice; to the etu^ward, in order to look oul lor an ope|ling>i^at might leiul us towards the American continent, w^s, in eveilr r^spect^the 1900 advisable ; and that, 4n the event of failing to find any such opening, after a reasonable time spent in the search, it wouid.be espe^ienft to return to Englapd rather than to risk the passing aoo- tW winter in these seas, without the prospect of attaming any ade- quate object i namely, that of being' able to start from an advanced BtMion at the commencement of the-following season* tJaderall the circumstances of the case, therefore, I could not bu^. .admit the p9opriety of immediately returning to £n|^iand, sh9i^ our attempt to penetrate to the southward proye unsuccesa* f4;|n4iiy,pMt.oi;the navigation between thepoaltton we ntm-PC" cu^ie4 and Barrow*j» Stnut ; as it woidd» in that case, be impossi- ble lomidte so mi^ch progress either to the southward ortfapB west- ward dui^og, die short remaindc^r of Uie preaent season* as to bring the ac^^pMihment of the paasage throu^ Behring's Strait within .%. -- - oliOur remaining resources. the At 'three P.M. we were abreast of Cape.Heamej and, aa we opened idie i;^ay of the Hecla and Griper* thf . vind* as usual rdiog a pnof of the ten^ratui^ of the eHMhVai^iiietf Mavitil ^U^lbleii belo^thitt of tOmiti mi givi%t»ti«e of titt iieaFi^rOach of i^^erhJ^^ iidi dl^ winter. ©«» OT |#b ftilihali^^^^ sdAie tcrti, ahd naiitelbiS aoim oftoowsftttiitfaig^ w«6re 8«e!i[ ^bout^theshlbs in theeoune df the'Aiy. ..fv'..: „^,.,..,.,- ^. .,-■•. a,-.. The iia^%i^ l^ikaiel iiicteasid so^iad^^^ btead#.' ag #e iitt to fh<^ easMd #ilfe^a rielAi ah^ fiiv«^t^ble breeze, tfiia at €}» A.M., oi^meililifniihi( of th«^S9%/Wheii we had ad^toicbdl^^i tlb east end^of Mi^ffllft'^aitd^ {« wis liOtleis thte tSJiUdM fiffi We kept iifeir tftthii^i rmmj^ at suelk^ idistahce ftotii it a» no^ W get the iAil|>s embi^ het^eit the poiiiti, Wft^ irffen^ dctaiiohs i 10B| matmmd^Uk OtHtWitm bdttih| round^ii with i •oiiitwiiid; 4 cdiitiinft iOok^^Oitt waa^^ te^^ die ttis¥^m^ fifpn cfp^mgm 1Sl#8cMit1»#itrd, but not a sinalelfKa^ ebU#W peHielved ^lio ihite 6f fee whkh still covered the s^it ih th»t^ ]«fliloii^ wir wii^iik^ ^^ audll^iiti^ l©r ^4f fO^) th«i0i«dllii|g bei%hteetyifo^^ botttMa* Some Wattei' brOii^e up itcfia thai^detoth in Di^ MittSfl bowHe waaraf ^ teiht^titott^ of ^i|^ thai it thi^rtiiccbaftiiriif aidi'Ofthei^v^*;-^.::.- ■■'■.•,....- * :■■....'..,- ,.:-.. ,:«=-;....^isa.,.'' ■ At aeven Fi^H a^ dHiibkJi on, #^ hMttle^tiff c^i#t» of lliii K^ ho^^ii «iB;«tiifo t^ ui iif ^tilh^ dOrini the" dOtt^i aiii^ the thi^ #diihir^ ahd to i^id oi&ii^ any oi«ii^^l^ iii%ht oeeor iti It to the^ fioiith#aTd. WS weit, ih thl cbSie *tf thtefittiiai^ wi^in Ibii^ or tMr tiiilea Of the sitt^ S^ Whlf^ %i h^%iitiioif ih*rt*«>S^^*)^ lit *hfe osite tiioie reditce^tb the^Milf iiecilM^ as bd^ ^% onrario^i' f^iai hiOr or t#o ; the Orii^^ ie^^ m ntm ^0^ idf and Onr qiiairteN9a«^ beinir diitlitdd id^^i lii Gi$|>ir right a«l^|^feriiNiht%f soihe be^ modtf of fth^nlriii i$«^ itggitig, M3%itld!flM%>hah&the n^ih^^i^^ thBfdlli^aiidlhe^ijiNwAi^ititB^di^^ • A^irielV%ttie#y«On»l^^ Wiiiie «*r«H, titiiia«h#e hid tOttffb^eli' t^ alid whielii ^ig^iS ^i^iaxii€smmK thb wea^er^ and the iineetii^ of ■^^4..„■. ^1^. ii&zacicaa j»" 1^'^'^r^ *W« had fof^somc tm^9 been st(M»iii^ prtoeifMUf Vt^ ' irhra she becdme o|itcttred« we were inrder tb#i«ec ' oor windtoi^the wtlrtvard and WjntwArd^^wlAdi le#l iee^ till the Iweadkei'^shcHltld beeoiiie>niore' h^fowt^bXA, .''»WM| began ta tlear tiwi^.at half-pftt five A.M. oil>tlMt S«th, MiAMi# diately after we isaw land from NiiE.b.E. to N.N.W. I?M lliibi?. head»!were ncn^'IMit to the' 8(S.'E., in order ^tilke VBOriStm wt where we hadiast.seen it, faot at?ii» o^elietck^ m afyio a if ip i %gaoi iii a heavy. detachciianaaaiBai wht(;li'a|»|lBat«d to|i»a||l^mi^^Wl thitt^ fore oiade us iij'el)!' (MoHons wi^''ilbid%^iNii^^^^l^^ Waier riither more soiddenlf than usual from thir^«Av«ta^ien$^i&d ti^en to 8cvjm>-£ithQiiM»,and ti^cked in five ted thre«f qiiaftixirs 0fitm. 4^stance of«hdJF ».mHeitodottbt, from the- a|fpeal«ninted nont . by the>.«iMieiiiMl^^ beacons of thei^e seas. It is oustomary to judM bythv tiiiNftMlli ijq^n.,the ice whether it be aground^or noc^ and byit^dnnaAtiisfitf whether it mayJue^bddlyappiioached. ; . ? ^ :z , and then gradoa^ ittflflfi^. i»^ditt eaoitWard, we deepencd-onr^water tilt no s0undkigateo|0^ife^^sii|^ bMtti^or crack for males together, thfl>ttghthcirM|(h^id!iov««lter«ett1faB o^t generally more than twelve iochef , and UiMf MiriKe ai-attiooih 'indt even as m bowUng»*green, forming, in bo!thJhese.rea|iectt, «atrtktng contrast to the ice -to which wehad^fot^lfe^ii'. aea ti siott i ed mom westerly. The outer edge of these floe% hoilreVlir, for ab0ut;«Ml|^ hundred yards, was bi^k^ -by the aea |nto> amiknilrable smaft piecesy.rcmmnihg' so dose i^at aboat-wottld ndlipeneftvftte thetioE ; «> cirpumstance which I notice-heeause it prevwaied my patlliig.mi^ «iecution a plan. I had proposed of- making some'f^Mierviitioaa'Oai! tl^ variation of the magnetic needle in this nelghbottthoodv^Jthire b«itig< every reason to suppose Uiat we should have found it to bi^ Ff 4* „'£A'' Ili#^iiiil4b^ «o tlii^ MHii^^ yM^ iMfl« thtt thoM #ieA iiliis, .ad «oi« «U«w«i« 1^ loo^ ^lPi»«fi»uii#> Wit again to thick irttbaBoii^ivth^iilteniooivth^ miimt0Mmmikt%^ii(^ |Ntiiitni«foint, m i)itl«r tii, kttte n9>p«i #|E^iiiMWiiliMf Jatid^Qia (Otii^ up in tlit.cvfnii|^ |rt |liii|d t|i^ibtthie##at leading iiatov^^iiordiwatd^^*^ laii^ lprt i agr tfe tiwi aoittlMiard of it^ throngb^iplttclt^ivrlMd aa^iil til 1^ #«Mm»d Jlie pntetdiog y«ar, being;|io« aoMplaady tlookail lif^illtfa^vl^ 4}d did ikoliH^ ma HlMid ^tridg tltia ieaton. we had iMre oaeailiiDt^M^^ mi^ iittt^kif V'degf^^^iN: ^dag^iiieft^^#Mf«i»#itiwR^apN^^ lit«lii^llli>^lid; in Ittdgiit^ iilltiiilfipillaUci^^M lili^iMiiiiiidiate fi(M» of ic«^^tlb»^wlABvn«aa of iHif ish n^ri^a ao^imptraeiitibly itith that of ^ d^anoiP opon tba taitd,thaffit1i^peaiibIefiroflath«^«9^ abiaaee of jk^ afatfdo*^ intMliiM^oile^daand tite oilier aomaoancaa. «sSodh«ittdaad, ^ia^^^ilaaidn^ dila evanioR^ «ittt reapact to Ganett lakndi «hi^ waaaoa^tely covered wim aiiow^ that, aUhougli f»a i»af«a«^l^ WA tfia ^Itaoca^of only four or five aaila ham it^<«W'ilMndd?flctr«a>i> ^'Ima. btan mrnra that ai^ land waa in tfaatdifectioiii hadiFa J|ai ' annrayad f ^aeidaadty iwd been rtaumg with thfrohwt kV :f\ ^ li»|iiaaiBgfa«t»«an Gwratt and Bathiiwt>Jahnida, «t tha daataoie df i¥e«iilai^frtita the foraaer^wa coidd ind no botMni Willie tUrlw. fiv»to>i%ii|lidm»olliae$ and when ita«altt»a«oao^a^Mi^4m aiiiiMB^aaaia^diataneat aaodiar ialand waa diaaovaaad i»di»iiordl. fiai%iirilgaii>h«d Slot foaliDre bean aaen« and whidt^ I naaaad aftar S^^ad^and former coininander, Captam Thoniaa Bakaa, of tkn yal iKavy. The aaatam part of Bathntat. iaiand wna now d^ «frvad^^ta^«iiend:ihrdicr ti^ the N;N^ dian wa tend befota baatt enablad lam^ tc^ tafwinadttg by a praat of buid« aaUaACapo C^ipa^ out ofi^raapiact to tha Hotenrahie Captain, TbMin»Bbde»;eM^ df-'thla'iltf^ N»ay» ■ -^ < . . ■ ■ We contimiadto run along tha adga of the tec totbo aaa|witd> titt kidf paat ten F*AI^>whan analtt land baiag$diaCiMrarad»4ia«id, of the aBtcni and paaition of wbish We had anfaaidotMi^ knowledge a«d$.'the mght growing dMk^^dia ahiaa.'Wiaco ho^Wi^aL^wi^i' ihaiv beada to the aofthwaiil ond waalwi«l%'l» wMali waa-a spkbe^of «lcar« Water at^eral'tadaa^i axkent^ fiKfaoma, on nbottam of aolt' annd. Iknriof ngMft got ngbt of the^Hmd at: half Wt tww jMM^ oa dia 29th, wa bora op for it, along tho^dga of tba ka^ v^dalkft. tti^ i^UiibSSsii!^ , '^4. ^m&WJ^^^W^' ', nc- \*PW?i*,fr:.'"^'* initial HlMl^ditctwwiA tii» pw*^IW^^S2.r .wttw^n^awiKiP Wi«ri^ out iJiJrtf^Iif^^^SS^ aamr alMe #liei« «!^liid^i9«(»^«^e«<^>fc; aiul u we c!!'/. t of «» «H«t ot 90 wiUu^ discov^rmg wy ogciOiig to «E«wg» -*i - 'J m--„ A, u— i^is|w of MMtniiag it tethe •o»«lw^<»^*«?^*«W^^^^ -ftctiiig ou obhfc^ ToK»4irte |>rocmdm»« »»« iioitiil|Oti»gMil»:aoit,itf *^ loniBi^^uptilio ineeen w^ih wUchme |itd*l*«|i.tlW«Mit»»^«IW»^ IM«il«jet«t»»igbvt«im«it coroWer it espdMitift%4o'^£^ ^«v>NI iilbN&tdtlie offiMTB and mealn«b«A^M»i #1ll^t«•«i^«wp^^<»f «*oltd3tl» ftUfctBwtiice pi pswta .inch li lyfotoitioii^o^^ia^as miifblki&maik^'^mm^9i^^ '» iMiiiry whieby «n acceiinttof tht nofew^tlilMaBttedJtff^^ Mticeooom^ iiitthi»»«r^e;-it^mttit bc^^fioiifelMdi^ w«li*tffl^^ oftea «Hi^d . iiiite 'weiitt»«d Sir;|»«w»^^ .fa|M#^Qn^t«o4lilidiiidteiiaiic« olibi^ elcMen l«iiMli»p4Bd; oii^tlk«%iia^ otbeis •ptfitet i»{8au«ely enough fw^orhmg. men^ibit aoy4]^i»0th;of' tt»e, I/lli8« lieve the)«Mduc»en of' Ibel wa»'^gMMn%:cooMd«refiiiei«jleftr weather} t»;kifty oirthflt;coaat^^«tltllle'?to the westwaftljof^Gape-York, wa»r/ii«pied aftai my friwdv^theHoi^ottraWe-^r; Eardley* We noti^dv* 8tn]iiDgei»UMit3r tnlhe «ok^[icaluohaiHMter i^^^ avl»viaiidc^hi«h gives thia land a nagnificeiii: and lini^ pcwiogi|)|Mi«>aMev ^vtcH a*4t is impossiblef to describe, r ■ ThOiiflhoA^ ^fiaa-eoteredtwitli ic« tO' the distance of four < or five mitesyiaad ^fftrstaoUtny iceberg was seen in the course of the afi^moon?* h««tthftrfat«i^t w«»v in odier reapeets^peffeetly free from o)^ttuer ilm^%¥^%f^lmnm9M*^Jii*t were.a^Eeast c^ 4 bluff and reroarkabie headifnd^'wlUdt^i'i named. ftfter my much-eateeaied fnend^ Mr» Wiiliam Petric Craufurdt and to the eastward of which the Imd a^MWtd torracade, formittffft tecge bi^. l.continued.to run dur- ing the^jji^i, hoiK«y«r, btii)rd«i>«ua of taking advantage of the w•8asrlyvb•e•^•^whleh^wa8 stUlblowingi to rub. outrof Sir Jameaj isBMaster^ ''Sound. •.-,-' • ' r %.'' <«.l»Maa«o«^)tgkt i(»aottgh«itt halt-paat three on. the rooniing of tho 3iil^ «lttlbl^«t^ toijaerCflveiithas the land immediately to. the; Dasiti waid of G*pe Grauoard wM/noit eoatiouous, there bding a spaitA.^ 8iibtending»ttn «ii%le«ii£'Sl^^^vlilJtfae middio of the supposed b^n whene none^waa-inaibte^f though the weath^^-r was perfct^y ^lear. As the wind drew ah^ioat dtrecOy out of this opening, to vhlGh Lgave/thriuune^ofAdi^ixAliy inlet, and, as it was e«Hw#.P«ctt- J(V iRivk*, lag it JSTLTL^y^'^^ P^WIn, after my fficad Cuptria tj^* IW WMI 100 liWf » Itt^^^^ja^^ I t '•onpurison with .llMfr t» whlA !»• I»d Iwdf 1^ B^ off Cut ikl^wrpool, wliiA iMtAMd tolwwigdlq^ apiiili iBfpSiat of^iMM MriiipMniRHrify )lvm\mA iimt^m^ mm)m ef «bov«^ UM^waMT betuM of « mr ttghfgtoti^cikNHlMf^ filled with iimoMcnibls thodt of the AwgwmM Arttim^Umm nobouom with eightjr fikthoin* oCline, at the^ dlMBceioi two i«t ihiM'«nl«i^frow.A»'9lMrt* ^^■Ut^Sm.^m^ v^'MmMf*"^ ^' •inplwo ^thNdMn#«olie^l«drrWlnle«'«'a«dfaefli^^ gulltf pbakiopee»atfd littlaHvpoa«lr^?*'^^ lainMiNioibeKof ^whatoi^we4i«d wet with 4iiif.0B»'-^'iiMiafli'fu|lii«»' famt»Lan«wlcf'irB6tikid tti l«l«,it« » ^ a loDfflow ieeheifi batwaco tbit hcadlM^aail 1^^ Im than thiee^ttartflw olftimle in langdiyai^ilidlaaa^an^ at the lop } thie Iik4«iii#herf a)]fiMfi^««bft»^^ fined to the waatern eoaM df Baffii^ ^0iA, l%ia^liilfy#i^«» sever mat with them in aiqt other fMVt^rlb^aaifplQl^^ upon dw low attlp»of lipid which o«tiiir hrtlia$n di#i#iot^. of ithft hiUa and the sea kin«(^ |>mm of th)«co«it« ^ ^ i .^ mA» it app^i^ l» naa that eooeidatillde aetyice^4l^|t ha|an*^ dared by ntenafal>«attt««f of the waalain «aai*v4l lMli|% Jp^f which, ftoa Sur »|anea Laacaa^r^a Sdohd lOMhwarda, minhl onpi d^ become an itnportant'statioh for our whalersy I detarmlaad t(| h^pi aa cloae to that ahore, during our |Muaaga down, aa^ i# and |h« wind would permit; and at Oie cxperianer of Oka Maaf vo)N# had led.ua la aiippoar that thin «oa^ oi lea during th» whida of Saptambar^I dnmie^Jhat thia mondii cQidd^notba latter an^ii^ than m tha axaH^nailon of in vaimK looabaya and hdats.' cSuch an examiiiMioo nppearedttomkaftM mofa dasiraUai 4ioai?the hope of finding lomo new ontlat into thtt Fohm Saa in a lower Uititude than that of ^; J«nea Lancailaf^a Sound, n discovary which would be of infinite importance towardt thai accomfdiatoieniiof the North*We«t Faasaga. Piaviouelf t6 commencing thia aurvef, it waamy wish to hav« hmded at FoaaassioniBayrof which the lohgitttde: had been aco»> ratcfyvdinteimined on two former occasions, in order to compare our chiooometera with '^e tima found th^re, as an intermemaia^ nation between WiMer Harbour and £ngUind j but, as this would hami delaaiMd ua a jwhole nigbtf withr a fair wiod» and with the ahanao of tha followiug day being after all unfavourable for ob- aaiiiwdans, I gave^up my intention, and made all sail along ahoiin tothaaonthwardi-Thiatwas^ however^ the lasa to be re|^a^aii' aft;lha few obsarvationa obtained during our quick return fsoA \rt f: A rt 1 1 ' i 1 1 i ' t^ il » ii t w w M ii(Mfli» 0»J»ay% Winter HiAour. ^^T^' ji^-< -. ■ ■ ■■ iwiFiB wn FjF jm ill uiHtisi^ ^^2 ', / 1 "^ ' /1 ^f 1^1.:-,-', }(.. 938 »' -#^ ■«■■■•• CHAPTER XI. miMUrp-^Jheoimt ^tom Btpdmmue w tke Inkt edkd tht Mfur MsmtiOt 9f 6%r^0Wgmlto nmta am Emtwari^Frumm M- tmfrff to refute $k$ Umd, amd Final Mh/mrtimfrtm tk$ Ae— Jbi. mmrkt vipom ift* JH^Mle ItotifMce owl FnummtUff of • MrlH^ JPtel l>ruie iiilet, which had been called Pond's Bfty oil the Ibrmeir iiqw^M jilv the opening of the two shores, as far as thb e^ e des overboard, cootaiolnff papers with the usual information, which practice was contint^ed daily till the EspediUon reached £ngland. We saw no ice to ihe eastward of us in the course of this dsy's run, nor any blink in that direction. On the morning of the 3d, we passed some of the highest icf- bergs I have- ever seen, one of them being not less than one hun- dred and fifty to two hundred feet above me sea, Judcing from th« height of the Griper's masts, when near it. At hiuf-past seven A.M., beinf <^a point of land, which is comparadvely bw near tha sea, with hills rising at the height of more than a thousand feat above ^ sea, we observed to the southward a remarkable dark perpendicular cliff, forming the most sin^iular and coospieuoua ob- ject we had seen upon this coast. l*his cUif, which. In eomllf from the northward has the appearance of being detacncdi aa4 S not unlike the Bass Rock in the Frith of Forth, is situated, aa we afterwards discovered, upon an island, Iving in the entraacaolQBa of the numerous inlets, or Jlordt, with which this co«st is iodaQHd* The wind becoming light and variable in the forwooQ, I took itm opportunity of landing near this inlet, accompanied by Ctptala |a- mne, and some of the other officers. The latitude o^enred on boml it noon was 71* 84' 30", being only two miles and three quarters to the southward of the dead reckoning in three days, by which wa considered that there could be no current of any impartwct setting in that direction on this part of the coast. The soundings Wi9l| tUghty-eight fathoms on a muddy bottom } the temperature of tha, ana at that depth was 33", at tlie surface SAi*, that of tha ^Mmes- phere being 38*. . We landed on a bold sandy beach, two or three miles to the northward of a low point* at the entrance of Uie inlet, towtrde Wl|i<^ we walked, and ascended a hill at the back of the poiql« In pr^er to obtain a view of this large opening. We now found Wit i^e perpendicular cliff formed the north-eastem point of • remerlUhi* bly >teep and precipitous island, on each side of which Uicra iji • wide and bold entrance. Above the island, the inlet bmncbes fff in at least two different directions, which our situation would not 9S5 4 tH^om lit to trace to iny great dikt^ne^, but we ttw no termlmitlte to either of them. - The mineral productiona were found to coniiit pr^ooifNillf of granite and gneiii } bat there was aleo rbundance of lini<^iil6o^ .>t Uieee, ■ nair of young red-throated divert which could not rii ;, were kill- Mi and twofloeka of geeee, one of them cootir .^>: of not leM t* t ahcty or eeventy, were teen by Mr. Hooper, * vho ieecribed tincm aa bein^ very taoN,' running along the beach before our people* wMionc rislttg, for a eenalderable distance. Some glaucous gulls and ploeers were killed, and we met with severe*! tracks of bean, oeer, wotvea, foxes, and mice. The coxswain of the boat found upon the beach part of the bone of a whale, which had been cot at one end by a sharp mstrument, like an axe, with a quantity of chips tying about it, aflording undoubted proof of this part of the coast BaviOg been visited at no distant period by Esquimaux ; it is more dian probable, indeed, that they may inhabit the shores of this in- let) which time would not now permit us to examine. More diail eix^ ice<^rgs of very large d*me'"<«ions were in sight from the top of me bttl, togedivr with a numb ; o' extensive floes to the north- east and south-east, at the distance of four or five leagues from Ae land. . The latitude of the place r -' observation on shore was iri* tS* 34'% its longitude 71* 17' 93' .6, and the variation of the magnetic needle 91* S8' 3V westeriy. The tide was falling when we land- ed {it was low water by the shore at three o'clock, and at half-rastv fit«i when we leu die beach, it had risen only twelve inches. The tide set to the southward in the offing during the afternoon, especiid- W about three o'clock, at which time the Hecla was observed by Lieutenant Beeehey to be drifting fast against the wind in that di- Tectioo. On our return on board, I found that a piece of whale-blubber, leut into a square shape, had been picked' up on the water, which we then considered as a confirmation of this part of the coast being inhabited^ but wliich vras afterwards more satisfactorily accounted for. The wind, which had been light from the southward during the idght, shifted to die north-west early in the morning, which i^.^ -dttced me to give up the intention I had formed of furaier examin- ing the inlet, and we, diertfore, continued our course along shore tb^thc aottthward. At seven A.M., on the 4tb, we passed another If '?-■ S$6 ialeti »iiiu|ar to thtt of the pr^eceding day, though qnuch »inf#^» the iao4 being olf. the tame steep and precipitoua chanicter, an4 Uw W#|f»;flW^y.4cepncarit. ;^. ■.; ,Tiif ^tade observed wi^ 71* 02 , 42'\AgrjBeittg,«ithia,a la^le of <)|e,Mco|iat» so tliat no cujrrent con^d weU haye,quslfd aincft;|^ |i^eu.-t- ,,Winit Dccupi«f i^^attpudiilg to ^ sQW^divgit, f^^ s^t(^^pam^ <|ur astt^nishment jm^y rfadily^ha ccmceiy<|fi, Of #«eipiu, |fo wi.|aa«»r ^ey afterwards bore up^to the iM>rthwar4 i^ug the^ e4gf^q|^|^ i^ljf h»# »««»»7!S^ ^d we los^wili^jftNIIWii * "^^^ Xt^wap iijOf eyu^nt^^f,UHs,cofi«t, which M Jiith9^J^% dfuredvOy the whafen, as whoUy inaccesaibie.ip ao high a laitit) h|d becoine,a fishing station like thatou ,|||f oppMHc^ or ^ec\<^ aj|o^, and the,cirCTi|«iatou«^ Xf!^* %¥?!«^^ te<^ thiftj^^^^, wushm^m^^mmm' j«ed#?iiu^ ,r||^^e^tf|^yiji|^* W pick- .t^jjl^ aisa^^ in a MUfih^r manner., ^ sti^ng ii;i-9K»^ at ni^ht^ we got ic(tp.aBep water, h^ti^ei;9|» the banks and the iand» haying no soundiinga with sixty to jptii^ty t»^^»x^ line, wheje w% lay-to tili ^a^4dj^ ' *e naornii^g ^ tF^^^lt^!,, tjia^, i^e, |^^ aMrcely ^arry our doubli^ reefed to{^ii|\,^^i1'!^|9..w« afte^«pf(^ learned fr9apt.t|^ fishing-ihiM^ jf^i^h !|(e^iiUHliili^yN#?W>!tr therp w^as scarcely, a breath of wii|d at a few lea|piieit' distance fruHP^ tAtlvatcdoa comp^^uir^ly low land, rhi^ comuaeaajeft ..^™tfSpW*...-vW^ ilb>A&2£^^iLl< /SiL«is*Nc:» iMMce to the soittMimH ncKl th* •«•. W« cdMted thi#to|^siia(i]g ts we had done in the preceding voyage, at tht di»tail# ofi<*N> w thre« milef, |wiyil»g from )Ewe»lyrt^r^« to tweniynaiTO %*^ vetev. W0 »W«* w»«« wjy* ansthwr of our ftshio^^ipa* JW p^^^ hf tin {.ee» «( Iin»,:Mr. WiUiaitiion mMi«r j <«^«M li«l0i||ilf4#OM»P8 other «vwifi of a ^c ^^|*^JlT&^ a^«M^erii««l' IQ ttHf tte« piibUo cdamity wV«h EngWiA haa^MF Hilitd^ ip the d^fth of our^ late. !ir«iMi«b|e .Xnd Moved M^Mt^tm; «lAi^tha4««^9CMt%Roy«IHi|^neMlhe Dtihe of Jteafc^ Mte to thi# «^ <^ tM»n ««*•• \™* elmiii^pi^f^ ictw<%f|^ bold in wr«iy parb .At •oon aia we had opened #te intety we dcopjped off at on^ ^W^ tti0^'m^m^mm^^^^ fiithomlsof Une J we tfaea litf&ti ed 0Vfr ta^>iliii^ll9«ttmentr«adi pMsing at the distance of omr ht^- d^ ilidfii^llMNk from il^ hft* twenty-seven £itJ|iom8, on n b^» tC|jill|-.ofi:.fl3 ^ *\. t^^fiiiN^«iie4oo^^«^«idi^ittowi oothe monfanof the OUfV tp all«>w w m Waftd in k^ the )and. We spoke the Fnendihi|»J^; aii4 Mr» «IJ»| \ W. 938 i I^K* i 1 1 jBf m. lit b^^iir«» wlMve it will probably remain year after year, till gmdu- idSf iPfiibd Inr diMolution. * Atil^ ia toe evening, being near the outermoit of the islands^ wim ^blMji «« afterward! found this inlet to be itadded* we ob<^ 8firf|dIlbi»c«noet paddling towards the ship; they approached iipi' great confidence, and came alongside without the leaitap- ]MlMI|iiace of fe^or suspicion. While paddling towards us, aAd in^ 4ae(l!bia^9tn we cnuld plainly perceive their canoes, they continued >Wi£u«l% loudly ; but nottmg tike m song, udr even^ any irti^o %■ which can be #^saed by words, could be' di^ Their canoes were taken onboard 4^ their own 4#i .intimated by signs,' and with their assi8tane6,aiifl ,^. ip^ cams up the side without hesitatimi. These peoplto cipl^ npinu old man, ApMruttly much abdrveHilityf «ad Ihfii' }|iiiiigeri£i»m nineteen to mnffUn of age.> Ai smm is^thi^ dpkt'^ 4'» ' BulltipttSj iihleh th^y sometimes contiduvd ^Wil ihtfy ^^m^ jprie, ai|d out of brsuth, with the eicertick l!^ fiprfssing theiir tatitfaotion was aceora^pai^ed by irj ' L<»ml^Ued for prnunute ormore, ace(W#tt| to ^ a liim which czcHtd it^ and the bodily p^wenl'of^fli ^ rf|«foM it^ the old manbeing rather fOiotafiHi^'btttlidll^ p^.'iiiilHEist, t9^9• thru^ -'n^ "^--'^^ 'i«*» fabme time paised on deck, durrag which n few skint iini#' ' Bwtre bimg^ Iniiath^mtthey wefM^tiiett d6)«ririi^ Xb^ounf^voues^fveeived the prapi^ re(««tar%, ^ tlMr^ s»w that their oU eomfeiill^ WHtF Itiieai^epamplet and th^ then liQilbw«d#itii»^^ ; loop odMskm to remark' thit'^iey «^f«m«ihbcfM \ pip the Ea^uinuittxt who had vit^d ourehips in #a|ih*fastern e^ast of BaffinV BK^^ Although wii m loss liQ* an interpreter, we had tio^l^t ^iKnt^^ ^d pan understaiM^ by shewing him an en^tmveit^ %apl^^ LicMilen«iit Bi«dke^ was de8kK)tii#^ Mtiardrawiiipgof htli4 B« wastteeMdiiijIf pfaktid ^ijke fire, and sillui moi« than anhoniiSi^iA''««iy l|i|^|||lirie and stMdineas« considering that n barter for ^ "^ ^«|iir|y af|4^wha>d»^ going ip»fli>theitaiietinili ' wiw^iiidned, kkj^ S39 Bi^tiured and obliging man; fer^ wheiiever Idid tUi^lMi |[i^^ imitatied me in such a manner as to. create conuderable ^'-^^~ * ~ among his own people, as well as ours, and then verjr his seat. While he was sitting for his ^ctQre, tiia stood behind him, bartering their commodtties Irith^eit^ but in a manner trhich shewed them to be no strangera to . If, for instance, a knife was offered for any article^ they woi^^ sitate for a short time, till they saw we were deternioed' tb j no biglMr price, md then at cmce consented to the iexeliMiigie. this case, as well as when any thing was presented fo 4lel|| j immediately licked it twice with weir tongues^ afller whit^ 1 seemed to ccmsider the barg»n satisfoetorilir eonclii«lbd. , youi^st o£ the party very modestly kept behmd tlli dAuilt^:,_^^^ bfiore hs was observed to have ^one so, missed sevehtt prt|ei^r ifhich his less diffident, though not importunate, cmDm^flililpa r^fived. As the night closed in, they heeime desirons to d«£^ and they left v^ before dark, highly delighted with their via^t.' As I had purchased one ot their canoes, a boat was sent to kna^ its Into owner, as only one person can sit in eaoh* Min, Palmer inforqud me, that, in going on shore, the canoes «oi>ld beat our hpaC much in rowing, whenever the Esquiniaux chose to exett fL Slaves, but they kept dose to her the whole way. Oiiiii;||;^ll time that they were on board, we had observed in thiwiiV^J^^ aptness for imiuting certain of ourvrords ; and, whU»^|ili^ ,iik mere, thev took a particular liking to the expression of **^P ' {^e way r which they heard Mr. Palmer use to tiie boat's and which they frequentiy imitated to tiie great unusemebt IMUties.' •,■-■,• ^^ Being desirous of seeing more of these people, of whom fhij i|^rview had given us a favourable impresstim. I ddEei;mli|l Mi|h^ during the night, and to take the ships hiffhtr up the ol^the following day. Mr. Bell came on board nroiB mew, fe jump riwuH. »h« «teMfe31i,^,iS; 3S?Jr^ • opeiwd for the boKt*' citt»8' dtiiiiet' -rtlS ^Jjw to imi. ctth of their htaib ««art^c of *« jj^;^^^ hT^STuB «aS.ai|^f ith gob«r appetites. ^^^Ri'*'^**.^**^!^^ •y4;to tiMrtp *» Pf it, with^wmt biscuit, Aey <^^^ ataUtoreU8li1t,|ttteata small quantity froni an «^*?^5 «^ not to(>f«fi4 a8,,ai|^ then deposited the rest iafdy id thcftr ta«oei& Thsy «?i*IW>ot be twniuaded totaste any »?»»' *^f °"^* :»S!3 it.4en whin mueMHttt«4 with water. Ido^not kno^.^Jf^ it £ a circu«lstki>6«\worthy of notice, that, when a kaleidoscope d by the two canoes^ round i^e po^nt to mei^ i^t As soon iwi^e cafe of the tentsy eVery livSig imtAWt tllj^re, men, wofeeh, chihiribn, and dogs; werie iu motion^ the latt#^ to the top of the W|llbttt?6f our way, and the rest to meet us wBat Idudrandcbntihued shouting; the wtM ''piliitat^ j^Vfc toe] beinf this only articulate sound we could distinguish {h&mst the g^«' «*«ii- pena on the vaSe of the^kU. Xd 1^:5^ **^^ '^ •l^^yX ^ I thought, caacluded a h^^?! ^^^^f^^^ ^^r, hiyjS. g^ old woman, I desired ^^ZXh^dtST ^^^^ S / T" perceived that I hadmiaSidirii!;,^?'^ *? «l«Kaf.: »•* to the caaofe and «.»:-j " ™!«"na*ratood. her. for she fhttik MW* mfcer bent by .ge?»»L,^* '':'«''• ?' *' «« mW r^ TKeir feee. .re '»«»H»t.j;;ta^to '.;^^*i:Sif ^;»f !-STf»-r'-'»MHii(»««#«- . ,|t»%' '• I ' f-^^T. -(7 comfMBfriiQi very dark, eic(;j>t that •{ ths oir fiiaiii tlet» vif li^i^^TOa tnuitr; iioa^ htbwA, bit iijrt wry idrWiW Black, %$uibt, iiB^ gU>i»y i and th^ir hands and feet a»» tf^ef# di»iilttiK^ till 0^ l»d a grey hear* « which thf , black ka* #B|^^ted, iid wore the hair rather long upon hit . ^l^^#ite ialao t«B cast with the ddpst of the thra^t it df ii^e, we th<»i|gfaf,:bQre a alriliiig reMpnhhuice to M^JJP^^' ^«<<:)^^**f ^<'^'^*^^ M the EaquUnaMf , Ihpahif^Ae ilMriatf exfieditioa whose aer- #B* #*iatftliaiilft(ilt^^ oc^OB, aiKi whose premata»e dli&^ hild^edi l|i|(ie^ly 1^ It a^t iiiiiiyi %§% ««M a ylWable i|ieii>he|^f fopiety^^ Wiplired firoo^ fmir fe^t te&Ao l»ur leet . »it«8 of the twci young**^ w«r% ^gwlfn;} i| J^d by^(j^ ni^a^ ^^s sasaU, ii|h beacttlfttlly «h% jftnd perfect} aild at* ^4i^ 4lcea is! i|)ii!pl^ m chubby, an4 their ^^y^l|h«lF^!^a|f of which it forms the onlV^ Cbveiin|(« ' Itle bileiShiea ,1^1 abo geh^ of seal-fkJUf and awTihadl tci i^tth ^fcUwi^iltlp?;^^ iieir boots which meet the bleeihfi lurimide clihe same material^ In this dress we^Jerceiv- ed^ dil^i^nfi^^iif ^ftt^ dfiibbtliir Esquimaux,: escci^ that th«^. jacket, instf^ of hfnngapointied^fl^^ before and behina^ as usual, ^ <^le si«||^Mhii^ and had a sort of scoUop before In the ce% tife. fn the dreis df the' women there was not so much regard 10 #^ncy as in that of tW meo- The jacket is of seal-skin, with A sf^, pointed flap before, and a long one behind, reachtugaliiioet tc» the ground. They Kad on a kind of drawers, similar to those . n m -.■fi , 11 j ii j i ^ .ii|< >»i> ifWW|!i»wWWWWll^ 5***?-^*; I/' end are out of the irjittf wKrti. flJL? * ^!^^* '^^ f««*V Jt» Me- ,»»vmg a hhrhtr rim bf *u«Iw^^^^ *«ch'^, and alto in «ircu!ar'l,ol?#|,ere theiSn^SS LK ? ^"^ ^t««*ed, round the ^^ft^wood, and the Hini Whh WE^h^ ' **^*** ^' ^l»de W or ^ diy^ them, and piSv^nttheh- ^.J! ** "St*' ^h« *'r,io pagTinder toadfe of fir, the eVa'S tfcjj bSl Au ^' I*^*''« »* ^ouble?^ tttwiure them fh,rwewW "**** '^'^^ar «>veWd with hard bm me •jieaif^oi'dartt which thev Bi* s.» vir they tti« w kiUmi^aealiimd ether »«« st^v.. iml««to, wtitt, I** the*wi^oow of oar fi»NTI«yiJ%*S!i 00 scwcewd irJoaWe i^ix»mi*oai^ cw.be oh^^ Sd . HilNoiVft f««t ife Wpgtll,J«d *^J^ JJJ^^ eighteen inches Umfe •^•^^^^^^ef^r^^i^^^!^!Sl H&i^iph aifeyf«»tich to ih,ir •pBmiWre i«nr SJ^^^^S ity, heiirUwthoviMiti^ «n4^heip iil«4^ i?p intj^.for W«- ^ ««liDer.sthf olhetj;H«a»<»«^ v*^ '^^^ tSTtJ^Slfif & «d iw^A hyi^Slia tp a stdi; th^J»M h«i»g '^.^^^^ Qifl^Wwaruv ^hm m of ^Efquiminx "!«^;^3,W « MSS*^Mitt The lower t«irt of thd^ i^ners is shod wi^ a hajder leiod Of bo6e,^^res|stithe friction agajnst ^f, .ground. The whole vehtcte^is rudely executed, aq4 being nearly twice the wei^^ the skdgfs we saw among.the wrtherti. Esquiipauj^, »J"«»^y ^ndedlLcarryiftghea^^Ntden.. Thedoi^^^^^ fifty or sixty in^umger, and had nothmg aboot them diflferent fr^ SSeott the eastern coast of ^frtfin^s Bay, except that they do not iSSd n^r so W^h « those of the latitude of 76-., Th«y «re vfiy shy and wild, a?d ihe natiwW r^"' ^^^^"^ >» "'*?/ "^^S While we were by,vas wellaaholdiug them m when caught. Sqihe of theltahai^e mncVmore of the wolf w their appearance ^anoAe^^ having very, long headSvaAd sharp noses, wjth ^^f^^.^^^^ alwajScaiied between the legs; virile, the bodies of <«*erM^ less lank, as well as their noses less sharp, and they carry their teite handsomely curled over their backs ; their colour vanedffoinjpMte .4wk to brfaidlcd. The raVenotts manner m which th^y devcmr ►'^^w— — '^^^X^^ m''- Ml flli 498fmlpmmiii,1^mm nrdarly fed #liii« M iHHir^ fai ijMM KfMJM 1^ Hun piiMN tat tt|ri^«|ifc^gMtti ifWkri •itiy ly 4 txmmMtmm J bitdlrtrchic^ mloAtm^ tte im,M laiMi^ liift.11^ ipd 4M(n of f gravy ; thus combining vJlH wImiI piigartlioto^f^wiHIiii IW^ ol4ige^»^Mdb;j|ow9ver.iSffQiM|k«ntt»^ i^^^^ torn,. M Ooidy 9^ t^kmfk^M >pMi^ WiiiNMtifit; . ^'HHpiPi^t^ art mk ctf tM lii^i^lililll^^ tillilicWr m0 for IM piiK|i(i^ iMi^ii^gM ci*«« o^^ to jifttomiao 1J|i« lia^ jHi^^dr ^Uc\x »miHn htVfe' is loy^ Ui fng^ laicl. Aft itmi^o not *pp«wr lo %f« atif iostraiiirisBillilEi c Miip, greit time «ii4.IalKMi|- iQiut to ifqiMfid io makiBtg. ea» ctfUteac^ knives, which mibm to lUMMrer moll o£ the piimaMs to vlii)Bh-^«y' haiio ooGiiion toi|pf^them%€ ,. > - < irram tfaft dflsi^^oa giv^ to «»t^ Mr* ^iffiiiiinOQ, we feoad that thea^ were the aaifkif feiMpa wh^ hail been «Miii»y^ lltitiiie'A pe^ ; bi»>fw,hadi0vitiiiL|iioiMit^QriMr^i^^ jife^ vi^ eomt||Uj^qi^oii« difeitlir wo^» ai^fi s^iae light blue beads* Mmnghf'the^Melvea on thin leathern ^veodli ^ 90 ioetrupentr^n* ehop^ngi very nmciiirt*'^ scBsbliiig a cQopcr'« adze, whiisK had evidendy been tttenred^to; it nandlfof faooe for some time fiasi^aiid^ which the>if«li#iit{^ ofs&old%. , The short tii^c which we were among them, as weftas the want " « fMiH^jL 5iiS*>5R'^?' m which wmBImNnt hkM l*|«wttiM, .cti>illM%«h«liMMig». ttilt. fl«fiiMfoi; tht Amt, ip9H0fk0 «t iht Im»4 itlillt^ iMliMlti^ the tet^irofd* m ihoM um^im iN^fiilefB «iiil if iiHr#«8if . At it WM |«i«id«ftd a flMitir^ itttelMi(ii«i»lft iit«tttdil#ht- Iher ihty W|W| linfMdMed #itii fliiHMitii*ai^ dM^^f dMt iilll> tfienivttitd ««tttl|r^9tiiidt t^^^ Which it autt titi«fie4 lit, tm |hcv;|uiftw.ih«iiii^^ ini- 9WI1 s|iQ]M»«Qi>^4* llMta4tii^ OiMhttlli iii^r th« tton i||HI^»tMt^|ilM%4iBttNiMli|^pt^^ ''''''''. '^':' '-''^ '^'' lSp|aag» 1^ ildii||bited tM^ tciMt, encdjiK that i^ wet dt the old iiitv^fe ^im$m!tmt^^A^i tm a veiy yiitiag iafiiii: lodked |ti|de Md $itXif, lir^mni^hada^l^ teat on dac iljle 4if hit head,«|ikh hte lifcj^dlift aad tonveaientet which eaa be^^^rcd itt to ifiidi h state of society. |H dte sktiatton and CirCtitiit^Mices ih #hiCH the Esqvittiftioc of North Greeoliitd are phiced^ there iri ihudh to ex- cite c#i|^iiiffiion for the low st^ta to which huiMiMi ntfSctre a]^t)ear^ to.ht IhMfie reitsCed; a ttate ia ffew tespecti to^ifor to thit of tHo hear o» the sent, which they kin for their st^^tiiicCi l^t, a^ thetei it was iai|iMsibie nOt^^to cAierience a fcsittiig #a thore piletix ittj^kind : thefe^%asaretpeetfis time remarkably fine and pleasant, and it was impossible for ua not to contrast our present climate with that aninst which we had to contend about the same period of the preceding year. In proceeding to the southward on the 9th, we passed a head* land which, like another I have before mentioned, hus exactly the ^ appearance of three islands, when seen from the northward ; a de» ception' occasioned by three small hills near the point, situated upon comparatively low land. Having passed this headland, we discovered immediately to the southward of it a spacious bay o^ inlet, at least' five or six leagues deep in the north-west part of it. The land at the bottom of this bay is high and mountainous, with every appearance of deep water near the shore { hut in proceeding along snore to the southwttrd, it again becomes low next the sea, with hiUs at the back» and rith the same safe and regular sound- ing as before. ;j We hove-tb at noon to observe the meridian altitude upon a fiof cf ice, the land being too near to obtaiq^it by the natural horizon. The latitude was 69* 24' 37", and the longitude 6r 05' 43".6, being in thirtytfive fathoms at five or six miles from the land. 'The wa- ter from the bottom was at the temperature of 31% |hat of the sur- face being 3S|*, and of the air 34*. The wind dying away soon after noon, gave us an pppprtunity of trying the current bv a bott moored to the bottom in nineteen fathoms, when it was (bund to be ruiming abmewhat less than a mile an hour in a S.|£. direction. At forty minutes past four P.M., it was again tried in a similar n^iinei;, when It wa» setting to the S.£., at the rate of three-quarters ^ a pile per hour i and at seven o'clock, when we hove-'to near Cape Kater* for the Griper to join us, we found it to be slack wa- ter. We stood off and on during the night, having from thirteen to tven^, fathoms^ water, with the intention of examining the large iqlet which opiens to the southward of Cape Kater. It now be- capne obviqus, that what had been mistaken for banks near Cape Kater on the preceding voyage were, in reality, only the regular shorie soundings* which are in no respect different froin those which occur in the whole space between this inlet and the river Clyde, at the same distailce from the land. These soundinga had appeared to indicate bae^s in 1818, because we came into them from an oflKng of several leagues j whereas, had we been running along shore, aa ui^t^e presem instance, we should have found a simihr depth £ar '^ ' ■ ... .1 i ' '' ■. m\ ^Mites to itif m^i^ Wt^ the ihouthil of the ilil^ts, i/fhett ^ wiiiter is always VeW 4eep; There was « gr^at UkA bf Iddie Ice, ittid many befg^ 0a tlni |Mtrt of tHe toast ; but ire jjid ^6t'ili4^t Vlth the sanUe obsmictidn off Ckpe KflttVaii 6n ttie fo 'doyr^V^ytige. Several yduag black wh^es lihd di st^sil «rere ^^cta in thb tbtfrse of the dky. . The yitid beitig freOi a^l^uiiry i^ownthe iiilet, dn the moniliJg of the lOth.'a [>ress 6f stiil Was carried for the pttiiniose of ezamihiog !;t ; but In the '^(^Urse df the fOTenbon we w4tt obliged to clbSt^-reef iHe top8liil«,trAl'sM dii^o^lhe tdnigaUiiityiirdsi We^iMtHlii immense, bwV cMsWded With ^sfeiiTdsVlliiibhv toother With its M- ii^tdiM openings/W6ird i'^iiii^eli consideMilis thnt'io survey them i^ui^t^fy.;*|\j(W^8ii^a%a2*;whi^^ vi^e^teiktiafi26ti, cli^red aiiiy^M'W lis fe^ Pl^rili^ti^^d bn^^ itmi^^^ti^mdMim Itlrmd ioeo tt^m|iilfiCitdbu M^h^ litti^il^ iobl#uci^mr |ist^ to the MAiiird^ittliy^i^ iil^^'#«f1itirkt1iirfe%^i[ki)es^1tefl[d df^s. It iit^^%ir6%Aii|- tidde, $y ^iirVatldtti 68* l^'iW'*; ttid; liato^^ eir'^^^'Vite'tWt^ hundred and se^^ lle'MtottiB^Mddy'bot- toiii. Hne temie^t^re oifihe sea at^if^^i^ <^f^1iiy^y^ Tbrty-siz fkthotos, Wis 34*/tlie'i^uriy^e bUtfr at W^ ^tl|be ilr M\ This eJtferifiient ailfiBri%^fi^ i^^ lite|y fiMde aa( to the; compkratl^^ teibpiMiire, we^ti&# agsiin In bti^lkiin- ^d iitid six^-fivc litthoftn^ and fotittd k iiiaittlythe iartr^ iwlie^ jforc. it hftiW be remained flVat,ft>riiachbfihe last tht«e^ ^n^, ^d Ibr th^se only, We Had ibund the: ship b^tiveia^iiieveQ krid^i||t teii^s to the*S^thw6i-d of the redkibfihig. ■ TheWitt«J'^W5%feMeD.i^«*JmyNi1i^a^^ ^11 the in^inl^ 6f tifie t2t^ when-a Hghll^ ihe sdiAh^est, all sail w^iT maa* to wtatt^tife ihe state of the 1^. ^n approaching tfhe flofes, hbw^^r, vire MM -^iiiih* a crttahiitV ^f »-'r«^^«A;«glS,«»,,... . tween veiy wj^lf wiSi 1115'^^^^ of ut the young iceceniamed so idugk Biiring the day, i^oXwithat^b^ mz ' ■■* '" '' '' in practic.^ ,^.. , , . . ^_, .,_ , , _. purpose;. The compasses now travtrted very" freely, \and'^w noaae use pir for the n^l^ose8 'qjf 'navisnatlqn, in th^ ^4M|ary w^^ Soon ^fter ten Ipl'B'l.^ the Aiiroria JSoreaiia niade its ajpjpte^^ r am indelbted to CapUiin Sabine ftSr' the folio wing dencriptiqn b^ this phenqn^enqn: ** The Aurm-awas visible^ for upV^aird^ of half an boiir, its ^ppciarance jaeing^conipn^ed withib of t|e iieavens, £rqm^^S.£.b.£i to W.b*^** *-^^ #^i^f^|^| fi^l^^^^'^S about I«f. 76* W. Tlie charactpi* of ihis bhm;ure, and e^liendipg in^inejrendy downward' 9s i^^eU to^^wW^s. The letter di^t^metioh was co|>> trasted with .'the^ f^ibre tisuu jijliwa^nipe of rays streaming towards ^e a^eniibf frqm'^ ^(rh of laii&Say jbnUiaint hgjtit* An Aiiroira of slmili^r appBanance' Was Observed in ihe Atlanuc during the retii^rn ibt tlie l8a1?c|L^^m October 1818, frbj^ to Sh^dand. Tib.e pecuIiariMes ipf 'the present phel|&p|nentht having been set at liberty from the bay-ice by a breeze springing up, I deternained tb tjcpupy no ihore tilne ifi Ihe endeavour to get Immediately along shore to the soijith-east, .whe|» the ohstrii^ptions remninefTas 6ef(M-e, but io run baci; a ahpfjl^ dis- tance alongf the ice to the northWard, in order to endeavour to get round it it possible, and then- to stretch in again towards the lahd. ^he ice h^d closed 90 aUch aU round us, however, that We had \ ,1 \ r" P"^ i'|j||»«i"l"ii»,jiii {■ SI52 sbmeiSlliliutfy Itn diil!ng a'pansige out' oit bur present cbrinnei^ ili* tuation, which we at length effected before noun, passing by a chain of ice-bergs which were found to be aground in thitty-five to fifty . fathoms, and which extending four or five leagues (irom the shore, sufficiently account for the obstruction offered by the floes in this place. - The temperature of the water at the bottom in thirty-five fathoms was 3l|% on the surface 32% that of the air being 34". A small fish, apparently of the whiting kind, was seen upon a piece of ice, and a great many black whales were n^ar us in the course of this and the preceding day. The extraordinary fine and clear weather which we experienced . in the first fortnight of September is a circumstance worthy of re- mark: during that period, we had very little snow, and not one t whole day's foggy weather. The fog was, perhaps, in some mea- sure, avoided by keeping close in shore, as we occasionally perceiv- ed fog-banks in the offing, while we were enjoying clear weather near the land. In attempting to sail to the eastward^ on the 15th, we found the ice become more and more close, and a fog with sleet coming on oblig- ed me to make the ships fast to a floe of considerable extent, and five or six feet in thickness, being in latitude, by account, 68* 24' 18", and longitude 63* 32' 42". We had here no bottom with six bun* •V dred and ten fathoms of line; the temparature of the sea at one liundred and seventy fathoms was 30|% that of the surface being ; the same, and of the air 31*. As the sun was occasionally visible, notwithstanding the fog, a set of observations was begun for ascertaining the variation of the .magnetic needle on board the Hecla ; but these could with diffici;il- ty be obtained on ten points of, the compass, after which the buQ became again obscured. The thermometer fell to 23* at night, which was lower than we had before experienced it in the course of this month, and the fog froze hard upon the rigeing. The fog continued so thick on the 16th, as to oblige us to keep , the ships fast to the floe. In the aft(;moon the deep-sea clamms Were sent down to the bottom with two thousand and ten fathoms cf line, which were fifty-eight minutes in running out, during 'which time no perceptible check could be observed, nor even any alteration in the velocity wit)) which the Ut\e ran out. In hauling it in again, however, which occupied both ships' companies above an hour and a half, we found such a quantity of the line covered with mud as to prove that th^ whole depth of water was only eight hundred and nine fathoms, the rest of the line having continued to ^ run outby its own weight, after the instrument hadstruck vhe ground. I have before had occasion to remark that, on this account, it is not easy to ascertain the actual depth of the sea in the usual manner, when it exceeds five or six hundred fathoms. A self-registering '^mmm. iSi*****'-- nfined fii- >y a chain vc to fifty the shore, «s in this e fathoms A small ice of ice, of this perienced hy of re- not one ome mea- j' perceiv- ' weather nd the ice ; on oblig. t, and five ' 24' 18", six hun- |ea at one face beiii^ he fog, a ion of the h diflSc^l- h the Bun at night, le course s to keep i clamms fathoms f during even any I hauling es above covered nly eight tinued to ground. I it is not manner, pstering 2if3 thermometer, w^icli remained at the fe'ottottf for'two tibiirs and three-quarters, indicated a temperature of 27**, that of the surface being 31% and of the air 34% Some cubes of wood, whose sides measured two inches, were also attached to the clamms, in order to try what increase of weight each kind would acquire by the pressure of the water at a great depth i the result, as ascertained by Mr. Edwards, is shewn in the following table : — .*. Original weight in Weight on coming to Inerease of Weight thref> noun DeoreMe inthow gi'aiM. the lurfaee weight •fterwardi. 1 three boonl Ash 1425 2324 899 2291 33 Fir 863 2112 1249 1964 148 Oak 1421 2252 831 2201 51 Elm 1220 2299 1079 2£01 98 The wind shifting to the south* west on the morning of the 1 7th» we were nearly beset by the loose lot closing upon us., *he ships beirtg now on the windward side of tl «- floe. After four hours* la- bour we succeeded in getting rlc;;*^, atv ^ inade sail among loose ice to the south-east. This course, howr /. : <■ , wi were not able to con- tinue long, as the ice led us, in tht r.ourse of the day, considerably to the northward ; and, in the uveu:n^« an iceberg was selected, out of the numerous ones in sight, V: which the s'a.ps w^re made fast before dark, it being impossible to keep ikliem utider-way during the night. We were not sorry to 'ind sotne swd? affecting the ships, such as we had not before experienced for more than twelve •months, aflfording an indication of an open sea at no great distance ' from us. The Ibose and heavy pieces of ice which drifted-in un« der the lee of the berg, and on vhich the ships occasionally struck with some force, kept the people constantly employed during the night, in veering and heaving in lo avoid coming in contact with 4 them. Some bears were heard growling upon the berg, and some f seals, ivory-gulls, and little auks, the latter i.n ^rnall flocks, were ^^ seen in the course of the day. On the 18th, the weather continued too foggy to move the ships in the forenoon. We tried for soundings with eight hundred and ninety-seven. fathoms of Ime, without finding bottoru ; our latitude, by account, being 68° 24' 03" ; longitude 63" 08' 12". The tem- perature of the sea at the de^th of three hundred and eighteen fathoms, was 30°, that of the surface being the same, and of the air 29°. * The instrument with which (his experiment was made had been a good deal oied for (he nme purpose, and did not, peibaps, indicate tb« temperature with very great accoraoy. mmm ■WW '(■-* I - % Soon lifter nooD^ the weather being somewhat less foggy, we cast off an4 ii44de a^il to Uie eastward. The ice here consisted general- ly of loose bi^t heavy pieces, amnng which there was scarcely room to s^il, and here and there a floe which obliged us to make several t^^ks* We ^SQ ^^jis^d several square pieces of floe-ice, %vhich had evidently been c^t 9UiJ( of a dock by some of the whalers in the course of the present season. The ships were secured to a berg at six P.M.y and the wind having freshened up to a gale from the N.WJ>.N., with some swell, we were much annoyed during the night by the ice whiph drifted under the lee of it, and on which the ships were constantly striking with a heavy shock., such as no others could long hs^ve withstood. This danger is avoided by ships lying very close under the lee of a bergf but a much greater is thereby Incurred fro^n the risjc of the berg's upsetting ; a circumstance which is always to be apprehended in a swell* and which must be attended with certain destruction to a ship moored very near to it. ^t day-light on the 19th, we cast oiF from' the berg, and occu- pied the whole of the day in unsuccessful attempts to get through the ice in to the land, of which we could only obtain a very distant glimpse, bearing from S. 24° W. to S. 69° W. By hauling to the Dorth-ea4tward, we got iiito sufficiently clear water to enable me to lieep the ships under wey during the night ; but, the wind falling light, great attention was requifite in avoiding the ice-bsrgSt which were numerous, and of large dimensions. The weather was so thick with snow on the 20th, that we could make no progress. At noon, being in latitude 68° 12' 11", and longitude 60° sp' 19", no soundings could be obtained n^th seven hutidred and seventy fathoms of line. The temperature of the sea, at the depth of threie hundred and eighteen fathoms, was 33°, that of the surface being 33% and of the air 31 i°. On the following day we soanded in two hundred fathoms, on a bottom of very fine sand and broken shells, and found the temperature of some water brought up from that depth in Dr. Marcet's bottle, to be 33i' ; that of the air at the same time was 30°, and of the surface-water 34 1°, being the warmest we had observed for a considerable time. ' On the 23d, having run to the southward nearly as far as the laU- tude of Mount Haleigh, without being able to approach the land, the trending of the ice flattered us for some time with the hope of getting in with the coast ; but at two P.M. we came to a compact and impenetrable body of it» over which we could not see any clear water from the mast-head, and which obliged us to haul ofl* to the south-eastward. On the 24th and 25th we continued our progress to the south- ward, but without any better success in approaching, or even get- ting sight of, the land ; the ice being as close and compact as when we sailed along the margin of it in July of the preceding year. Soon after noon on the ISilth, we crossed the Araic Circle, having ■■■■• ,.-'i "^ --•;:•(;'.■ i':;v v^i-r.'-'w: :i'> ■>■'•, ..^' ■<■ . f\ *V',. ■ ■'■'>,'■:■ '^. 25S been within it fbi»fte»i months and three vfMki ; And iK ndon dn the 25th had reached the latitude of 66* 13' 14", being two miles and three-quarters to the southward Of the dead reckoning, Irhich difference had occurred on each of the twelve precedltig days. On the morning of the 26th we again stood to the westWiurd as miich as the ice would allow, btit were soon obliged by itio keep away to the southward, precluding every hope of making the tend on that part of the coast which it would have bieen most ittteretiting to have explored. At noon we were in latitude 65° 41' 09", and lon^tude, by chronometer, 59° 09' 54". In the afternoon, after various attempts to get to the westward, appearances beeame morfc unpi^mising than ever, the packed ice extending from N.b^E. round to S.W. There Were, indeed, parts of this ice which, with con- stant day-light, a ship might have entered with some probability of success ; but, with twelve hours' night, the attempt must have been attended with a degree of risk, which nothing but a very im- portant object could justify. The wind had now freshened up from the N.N. W., -and the mercury in the barometer fell with un- usual rapidity, with every other appelarance of sin appiioaching gAle. I was, therefore, under the necessity of admitting the conclusion that, under existing circumstr;inces,the season WM now too far ad- vanced, and the state of the ice too unfiEivoumble to allow of any further examination of the contc ; and I determined, therefore, to make' the best of my way to England. The boats Were according- '; hoisted in, and the ships made snug, while in smooth waiter, un- der the lee of the ice, and a course was then* shaped to Ae £.S.'£., in order to ditain an. offing, before we bore- away to the souttt- ward. , ifavirg now finally taken leave of the ice, it may be 'proper to offibr a few brief remarks tis to the probable existence and accom- plishment of a North- West Passage into the Pacific Ocean. Of the existfente of such a passage, and that the outlet will be found at Behring's Strait^ it is scarcely possible, on an inspection of the map, with the addition 6f our late discoveries, and in conjunction with those of Ccofc" and Mackenzie,^ any longer to entertain a rea- sonable doubt. In discovering one outlet from Baffin's^ Bay i^to the Polar Sea, and |[ind4ng that sea studded with numerous islands, another link has at least been added to the chain of eviuence upon which geographers have long ventured to delineate the northern coast 6f America, by a dotted line from Icy Cape westward, to the rivers of Mackenzie, arid Hearne, arid thence to the known part of the coast to the north of Httdafbn's Bay, in the nei^bcurhood of Wager Biver ; while, at the same time, considerable progress has heen made towards the actual accomplishment of the dedired mUMMMI •MM ■W " ■■■ ■ ■ " »■■ » .w i n ig i i wm i I . ll g ^^^^pn^pj|pB|[p^^^»^ n «"■. p I ♦(■ 256 passage, which has for nearly three centuries engaged the atten- tion of the maritime fiatipns of Europe. The success which attended our efforts during the season of 1819, alTter passing through Sir James Lancaster's Sound, was such as to inspire even the least sanguine among us with a reason- able hope of the complete accomplishment of our enterprise, before the . close of the next season. In entertaining such a liope» however, we had not rightly calculated on the seventy of the climate with which we had to contend,' and on the consequent shortness of the season, (not exceeding seven weeks), in which it is possible to per- form the navigation of that part of the Polar Sen, Although it must be admitted, that there is something pf uiiar about the south- west end of Melville Islanci , extremely uoiitvourable to navigation, yet it is also certain that the obstnjxtions we met with from ice, both as to its thickness and extent, were found generally to in- crease, as we proceeded westward, after passing through Barrow^a Strait. That we should find this to be the case, might perhaps have been reasonably antitpipajted, because the proximity to a per- manently open sea appears to be the circumstance which, of all others, tends the most to temper the severity of the Polar regions^ ip any given parallel of latitude. On this account I should always expect to meet with the most serious impediments about mid-way, betvkeen Uie Atlantic and Pacific Oceans ; and having once passed that barrier, I should as confidently hope to find the difficulties lessen in proportion as we advanced towards the latter sea; espe- cially as it is welt known, that the climate of any given parallel ou that side of America is, no matter from what cause, very many den'ees more te3per>!.te. than on the eastern coast. But,.althouga t is evident, that climate does not wholly depend on latitude, buv on other circumstances also, (principally, pemaps, those of locality above mentioned,) yet it can scarcely be doubted that, on any meridian to the north of America, for instance, 114* west Inhere we were stopped,, the general climate would be found apmewhatbett i, ^.^d the navigable season longer, in the latitude ofW than in that of 7S' near which we wintered. For this rea- son, it would perhaps be desirable, that ships endeavouring to reach the Pacific by this route, should keep, if possible, on the coast of America, and the lower in latitude that coast may be found, the more favourable will it prove for this purpose. Our experience, I tbmk, has clearly shewn that the navigation of the Polat Seas can never be performed with any degree of cer- tainty, without a continuity of land. It was only by watching the occasional openings between the ice and the shore, that our late progress to the westward was effected ; ^v ?d had the land continued in the desired direction, there can be no question that we should have continued to advance, however slowly, towards the comple- tion of ^jtfr enterprise. In thi^ re^«^^ therefftjre, Ji» well as in ■^ ^bbi^^^i&Bs^ ^^^^>:;5 257 I the atteo" Kiiilm-". I navigatiiMi, h from ice, ;rally to in- gh Barrow** ight perhaps lity to a per- hich» of aU alar regionsy lould always ut mid-way, once passed e difficulties r sea; espe- n parallel ou !, very many holly depend dly, pemaps, ]f be doubted Dstance, 114* kid be found the latitude 'or this rea- iring to reach the coast of e found, the he navigation egree of cer- watching the that our late ind continued tat we should s the comple- as well as in ^e improvement to be «spected in CKe climate, tKeri would ht a manifest advantage in makmg the attempt on the coast of America* where we are sure that the land will not fail us. The probibiliQr of obtaining occasional supplies of wood, game» and tnti-scorbutic plants ; the chance of being enabled to send information by means of the natives { and the comparative facility with which ue lives of the people might be saved, in case of serious and irreparable ac- cidents happening to the ships, are also important considerations, which naturally serve to recommend this route. Should the sea on the coast of Aiacrica be found moderately deep, and shelving towards the shore, (which, from the geological character of the known parts of the continent to the south, and of the Georgim Islands to the north, there is reason to believe would be the case for a considerable distance to the westward), the facility of navi- gation would be much increased, on account of the grounding of the heavy masses of ice in water sufficiently deep to alU>w the ships to take shelter behind thetn, at siich time as the floes ck»e in iqion the land. Farther to the westward, where the primitive formation, and perhapf even a continuation of the Rocky Mountains, is to be expected, a steep and precipitous shore would probity occur* a circumstance which the foregoing^ narrative has shewn to be at- tended with much comparative uncertainty and risk. The question which naturally arises, in the next place, relates to the most likely means of getting to the coast of America^ so aa to sail along its shores. It would, in this resiiect, be desiraUe to find an outlet from the Atlantic into the Polu- Sea, as nearly aa possible in the parallel of latitude in which the nortiiem coast of America may be supposed to lie j as, however, we do not know of any such outlet from Baffin's Bay, about the parallels of 69° to 70% the attempt is, perhaps, to be made with better chance of suc- cess in a still lower latitude, especially as there is a considerable portion of coast that may reasonably be supposed to offer the de- sired communication, which yet remains unexplored. Cumberland Strait, the passage called Sir Thomas Rowe's Welcome, lying be- tween Southav'Apton Island and the coast of America, and Re- pulse Bay, appear to be the points most worthy of attention : airf, considering the state of uncertainty in which the attempts of for- mer navigators have left us, with regard to the extent and com- municatipn of these openings, one cannot but entertain a reasona- ble hope, that one, or perhaps eich of them, may afford a practica- ble passage into the Polar Sea. So little indeed is known of the whole of the northern shore of Hudson's StT»it, which appears, from the best information, to con- sist chif f*f cf inlands, that the geography of that part of the World ma' tw. fioR-iiicred altogether undetermined ; so that an expedition wU :h sho'jiid be s^nt to examine those parts, would soon arrive apoa ground never before visited, and in which, from an inspection ( ^■y^j^^WF^mWwni^^'WW^ 'flBr- 'V- \ . ( of the map in its present state, there certainly does seem mote than an equal chance of finding the desired passage, it must be lidmitted, however, that any notions we may form upon this ^es- tion', amount after all to no more than conjecture. As far as re- gards tHe discovery of another outlet into the Polar Sea, to the southward of Sir James Lancaster's Soundvit is evident that the enterprise is to be begun again { and we should be cautious, there- fore, m entertaining too sanguine a hope of finding such a passage, the existence of which is still nearly as uncertain as it was two hundred years ago, and which possibly may not exist at all. In the course of the foregomg narrative^ it may have been re- marked, that the westerly and north-westerly winds were always found to produce the effect of clearing the southern shores of the North Gebrgian islands of ice, while they always lirought with ^hem clear weather, which is euentially necessary ii^ prosecuting discoveries in such a navigation. This circumstance, together with the fact of our having sailed back in six days from the meri- dian of Winter Harbour to the entrance of Sir James' Lancastei^s Sound, a distance which it required five weeks to traverse when going in die opposite direction, seems to offer a reasonable ground t(>r concluding, that an attempt to effect the north-west passage miffht be matte, with a better chance of success, from Behring's Stme, 4han frbm this side of America. Ttiere are some circum- 'Btaiices, however, which, in my opinion, render this mode of pro- ceeding altogether Impracticable, at least for British ships. The jpriricipal of these arises from the length of the voyage which must %st be performed, in order to arrive at the point where the work is t^ be begun. After such a voyage, admitting that no serious wear' ahd tear have been experienced, the most important part of a ship^s resources, namely, the provisions and fuel, must be very matertally reduced, and this without the possibility of renewing them to the extent necessary for such a service, and which can alone give confidence in the performance of an enterprise of which the natiire is so precarious and uncertain. V ;Nor should it be forgotten how injurious to the health of the ^irs, so sudden and extreme a change of climate would in all 'pr6Babili(y prove, as thbt which they must necessarily experience in going at once from the heat of the torrid zone into the intense cold of a long winter upon the northern shores of America. Upon the whole, therefore, I cannot but consider that any expedition, equipped by Great Britain with this view, will act with greater advantage, by at once employing its best energies in the attempt •to penetrate from the eastern coast of America along its northern shore. Whatever may be the result of any future attempt to decide this great geographical question, experience has shewn that, indepen- dently of any benefit which science may derive from such attempts, ^M. „^. l^wB^jjtt^^^^ ^i'a,Sjia ^s j&)^--^'^&l'_ fi59 thoie already made have not been altogether without their use also in a commercial point of view. Previously to 'the return of the Expedition of 1818 from Baffin's Bay, the whale-fishery in that sea was almost entirely confined, during the best part of the sum- mer-seuson, to the eastern or Greenland shores, where at no very distant period, the number of whales was found sufficient to afford abundant employment for the numerous fleet of ships which are annually employedi in this trade. For some years past, however, it has been observed, that it requires a much greater share of ex- ertion than formerly, to procure the same supply of whales, these animals having been scared from South-East and North-East Bays, and the other southeiii parts of the coast of Greenland, which only a few years ago were considered a sure and abundant fishery, and retired to the northern and western parts of Baffin's Bay, where they have hitherto been but little molested. Such, indeed, is the general want of success on the old ground, that it is a common complaint among our whalers, that this fishery appears to be well nigh worn out. Above forty sail of ships accompanied the Expe- dition of 1818 up the coast of Greenland, nearly as high as the lati- tude of 76", where the whales were found to be so abundant, as amply to repay the labour and exertions, by which our fishermen had succeeded in penetrating thus far through more than ordinary obstructions from ice. Encouraged by this success* and by the knowledge of our having subsequently crossed to the western coast of Baffin's Bay without much difficiUty, the fthalers began to ex- tend their views beyond what had formeriy been considered the utmost limits of. the fishery, and accordingly in 1819, succeeded in penetrating the barrier of ice which occupies the centre of Baffin's Bay, and for tlie first time sailed over into Sir James Lancaster's Sound, and some of the other bays and inlets upon the same oast. In the course of that year's navigation, no less ihan fourteen ship^ were wrecked among the ice, but fortunately only one or two lives were lost. Not discouraged, however, by this disaster, tlie enterprising spiiit of our fishermen led them, again, in 18S0, to make the attempt to range over the whole of the northern and western part of the bay in quest of whales. Such was the well- earned success which attended their efforts, that, in the course of tbat season, scarcely a nook or corner of this extensive bay remain- ed unvisited by them. Mr. Bell in the Friendship, of Hull, whom I have before had occasion to mention, ^nd one or two other of the ships sailed up to its very northernmost limits, entered Whale Sound, and were close off the entrance of Sir Thomas Smith's Sound ; an exploit which has never before been performed since Baffin first discovered these inlets, above two hundred years ago. It has been seen, in the course of the foregoing narrative, in what situation we met with several of the ships on our return down the western coast in the autumn of 1820. The success which they met ssSSSMSi^ S60 H ■ % with on this oceiaioa wm such u has seldom occurred in the Davis' Stritit fishery on any former season ; and thus has a new and extensive field been opened for one of the most lucrative branches oJFour commerce, and what is of scarcely less importance, one of the most valuable nurseries for seamen which Great Britain possesses. Nothing, indeed, can exceed the bold and enterprising spirit displayed by our fishermen in the capture of the whale. At whatever time of niriit or day, a whale is announced by the look* oat man in the crowVneat, the men instantly jump into the boats* frequently with their cloathes in their hand, and with an alacrity scarcely equalled even in the most highly^isciplined fleet, push on in pursuit of the whale, regardless of cold and wet, and hunger, for hours, and someUmes days together. Nor is it solely on oc- casions where their immediate interest U concerned, that this acti- vity is displayed by them. It happened, on the voyage of 1818t that in (pdeavouring to pass between the land and a body of ice which -WAS rapidly closing the shore, the Alexander, then under r.iy tiommuiid, touched the ground just at the critical moment when it was necessary to push through the narrow and uncertain passage. It being oearly calm, the boats were sent a-head to tow, but the little way which they could give the ship was not sufficient to have rescued us in time from the approaching danger, and nothing less than the wreck of the ship was every moment to be expected. Se- veral sail of whalers were following astern ; but seeing the danger- ous situation in whi^tfi the Alexander was placed, and the impossi- bility of getting through themselves, they instantly put about into the clear water Which we had just left, and, before we had time to ask for assistance, no less than fourteen boats, many of them with the masters of the ships themselves attending in them, pkiced them* selves promptly a-head of the Alexander^ and by dint of the greaC- eat exertion towed her ofl* into clear water, at the rate of three or four miles an hour, not one minute too soon to prevent the catas- tr(»^e we ^d anticipated. The opening of a new whale-fishery on the western coast of Baffin's Bay, which constitutes an important era in the history of that trade, and for which the country is indebted to the researches of the expedition of 1818, under the command of Captain Rossj will, perhaps, render expedient a new mode of proceeding in the annual visits of our ships to this part of the Polar regions. It has hitherto been customary for a certain number of those intended for the Davi»'' Strait fishery, to or'^upy the early part of the season in what is called ** the south- we' hich is that part of the sea immediately to the eastward o )lution Island, and i» that neighbourhood. The ships frequently appear on this ground as early as the fint of April, when the nights are long, the weather cxtrerviely cold and inclement, and with a heavy sea oecasionally ioUittg in upon them from the Atlantic, making this, perhaps^upon ■ II imf^'*^'*^ '^M:::. th« whole, the most teyere fishery which is any where used by our whalers. They generally remain upon this coast, as near as the ice will permir them, till about the Hrst er second week in June, not without considerable wear and ir to the ships, and the laoit harassing fatigue to the men, but nti with a proportionate de* gree of succeus to repay their toil itter this, they strike over It the eastern or Greenland side, and prosecute the fishery on that coast in the usual way. I cannot but consider, that this «< south- west" fishery might now be advanugeously dispensed with alt»> ffether, and the expense of wages, provisions, and went and tear» for the months of April, May, and June, entirely saired to the owners, or employed m some more beneficial manner. By enter- ing Davis' Strait no earlier than the first week in July, I feel con- fident, that a ship may ensure a ** payable'* cargo of fish before the end of the season, without incurring half the antiety or risk which must always attend the navigation of that sea at an earlier period of the season. By dbtng this, a ship may, as I have before had oc* easion to remark, perhaps, reach the latitude of 73* or 74°, about the 20th or 25th oi July, with very little obstruction from ice. In the course of this passage^ it is, indeed, more than probable, that not a single whale will be met with, even though the ship should keep the whole way along the eastern margin of the ice. Not dis- couraged, however, by this circumstance, let her, on her arrival about the parallel of 73% bol^ enter the ice wherever it seems the most promising for getting Uirouf^ it to the western coast. lu ado).'ting this measure, there is doubtless much risk to encounter, but not more than in pushing on to the northward into Prince Re^ gent*i Buy, where, from the peculiar conformation of the land* which is extremely (avouraUe for die retention of the ice^ a serious obstruction may always be expected. In effecting a passage through the central barrier of ice in Baf^ fin's Bay^ it is possible that one, two, or in some seasons, even three weeks may be occupied ; while in others, as in the year 1820, no> thing but « sailing ice** may l>e found in a high latitude, through which a ship makes her way without difficulty. Having once efo fected this passage, however, there will, I apprehend, be stiU more than sufficient time for the accomplishment of their object, except in very unfavourable seasons, for we have Uie experience of three following years for asserting that an open sea will be found at that period to the westward, while the number of whales which we met with on that side of the bay seems likely to ensure to them, at least for some time to come, an easy and abundant fishery. For this purpose, however, the ships should be directed not to be in a hurry to leave the coast until the latter end of September, that month bet- ing by far the best in the year for the navigation of Davis' Strait and Baffin's Bay, and consequendy affording greater facility, «isd much less risk, in the capture of whales. The apprehension ( i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (AAT-3) «^ LO 1^128 I Z5 150 ""^^ MlaiB ■^ Kii 12.2 HmBB £ lU I.I 1.*^ 11^ 1-25 1 1.4 1.6 « 6" ► Hiotographic Sciences Corporation m \ ^ <^ <^>. ;\ «- "<<^J% '<^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 4^ .li^iiualfKk' *J WJff3|dV''"J 262 which has,.I beUeve, been entertained by some of the ship-owncri, of their veueU being caught in the ice, so n to prevent their re- turn, in consequence of remaining too late, is, as far as I have httd an opportunity of judmng, altogether withput foundation, un

roacbing Sde, being only fr«m 39ii49 at noon on the 30th, to S9.38 at ^ix .M., and 39.31 at midn^ht. On the morning of the 8d, U. Imd fallen to 28.66* at which time the g^ had been blowing hard , fiof nmre than twen^-four boors. The wind had somewhat moden(ti4 2{63 liUie Sd, when the barometer hid lUleB m loir at 99.14b In the fplt which we experienced off Cape Farewell in 1818, the baro- meter was also much lower for two days after it had ceased' to blow than while it lasted. Daring the timJe that we were in Hie PoUr Sea, and especially while we were frozen op in Winter IIar>* boor, we also remarked that a gfde Was accompanied, rather than preceded, by a fall of ^ mercury in the barometer ; in moderate weather, it almost invariably ros^ with northerly and westerly Winds, and fell with those >froaoi the sooth and eait. ^/•Oh the 2d of October, 4n Nodding before the wind, under the main-top-sail» a heavyrieh^ struck the Hdcla on the larboard !qila»» ter, rendering it nefcessary to press her forward under more oai^ vas, by which we losfc si^t of the Griper in ^he coortte of the morning. As soon ai the weather m^vderated, we hove-to for het ; but, as she did not Inake h^ i^ppiarance, hating, ifcs we aftenKavdii learned, been obliged to lie-to dorin|^ the hcidbt of the ^de, we continued our course out of the Struts, and did not mmn meet With the Griper till our return ^ Eng^d. After ten P.M. this night, the Aurora Borealis appeare ther was cloudy, just in. the same manner that the moon doesal- thdugh her disk is not visible. When the weather wsn clear^ it most frequently resembled die light of that luminary when issuing from* behind a dark ctoud^ ' '^ On the Sd we observed a more brilliant display thm usual of this ghenomenon. It appeared atnme P*M. in various parts of the eavens> from £.N.£«, round 1^ south, to W.b.N., principally con* ikistinv it^rst of many detached luminous patches like clouds, irre- gulttty sdttterid about, and shifting frvouently^ though not veiy rapictty, from jdace to place. From the W.bJNl, over to the S*S. £., and pamUg a lew degrees to the sont>* ^rard of die zenitbt there soon appearcNl a broad band of light, having a tendency to arch ; and the Hjj^t bf which this consisted appeared to come from the west towardb the east. In the E^N.E. quarter, there was a lu» minotts apjvearance distittibt from the rest, at id>out 15* or flO* of al- titude, eibicily reiembUng the light of the moon behind a dusky eloUdf except that at times vivid coruscations shot upwards from It towairda tiie zenith. At a quarter past ten the |>henomenon sud- denly beeame much more Iniwan^ its general position and duurae* Hr remmnii^, however, neciAy as before. It still appeued ehbfly tti^tiie sonthwild of the zetiitb, the arch4ike appearimce continu- i%irilh iucteased splendour^ and accompaiued fortbaat nouarter of aa hour by a beautifully waving light, of the rapidi^ and mag> I '".ff 1 *^ ^I^^^^^p^ ad M siiotiice of fMiieh it u impMsibk to c0Bvc)r any adequate idea. The motioa of tint li^t mttinded one of the eontoitions of a tndte, tkcept iliat ita veloci^«raa often so great that the eye could with dlliealty fellow it. The awat inteate part was a pale ftreenith eoleur ; th^ reat neaify white. The a>eh, which before had beea atationarfv at oac timeihifted its positioB^ 1^ appearing, as it were, tfrtui'a dp its leg^ so aa to ^irai a part of a dr<^ seen in perspective Ml A« sottth, parallel to the horizoo. The luminoua patch, or cloud, in the EtN.fi. increased abo very Uioch in brightncas at Ike same' time, «mitdng awia vivid eomaeitiasls, but eontiniikig» ai-b«f(ka» ^|«ita distuMt finom the net of the phenomeaon. This Aurora, when lightest, gave aearly aa aaeh light aa that of a fall aaaoB^ There coold not be the amalkat doubt that it dimmed^ •ttd' even eonMtimea akogcAer obseored, the stars over which it piNiaidi. ' W« pariiealariy imarariEfd, that whetever ^here was A lioad atream of ita light stationary for some time in any put of tin} tieaNwnSy it prbdnced eancdy die efiect of a curmin ; tor we cbi^ld onl^ distio^tiish atara of the firat and aecoad nu^itudea Kl#<#m4li^ while thoaeof iafbrior JlnilUaBoy were visible m g^reat iibmberat^ the side of it. In this, as in several previoua instant •ea, the Aiirora appeared very near as, thoi^h it waa evidendy fcif^er dum aome clouds which were passing, as mi^t readily be diatiagniahed by t^e latter iaterceptiag a part of ita lia^t. TItt aiiater waa fried darhig the osost brilliaat part of die pbe* noiHeaoli, but neidier do thia or on any other occasion, ia crossiajg the A4antic,did the gold leaf stve any indioatiqa of electricity ; liorwas the magnetic needle inane lightest de^e affected. The |reh4%e rapeftaace sbove deaerHied waa not bisected by die mag* netic meriaian, but by die magnetic N.E. and S.W. At a qiiart» icr 'before elevea the. light becaaMs less fariUittit, and apread more ta the aeldiwaad, and dicn giraduaHy diaaj^eared before midnight. Oil the llth, being- ia fatt. dl* 11', longitude 31' 13', some water brought up from a depth of durec htmdred and twenty ^dioooi*, io Dr. Maro«i's botde, was at the tempeipture of 44i% die suidbj^ irater ^ng a^ 474% and the air 48% }n^ At seven P.M., oh the 13th, die wind being squaU^ from ^ N.N.W;, the Aurora Borcatis began toduplay itself ma lifighjt luminous patch in the north-east, resembling, as usualy the li||hluf the moon beliiiid a dark cloud. From diis point faint and narreir oaroscadons shot upwards, passing a little to the north^weatwuni ultile aenith, and appearing to come down in the W.biS. The blue rily between these streams of light, looked at first Uke so mai^ dark alreaka or douds, until the eye had become accuatomed to il« aliKd ifte elamrness off the stmv in t>iem explained the dec^tion. JUt hKlf «b fmur titer, a bri^ arch, 34^ high in the cencre, and about f* lalfMadtli, extended from the Luminous patch ia the N.iE« over to die iir.&W., ao that the magnetic meridian would neaiily bi t aa t it. 'Hils part ^ the phenomenon remained about an haitf» and then -^:«»^|«r.j»^M».' continued so very steadily tittnhieP.M., when |^ once oMyre gra<^ dually descended till it had ra^d 38*83 on the mprning of tho- ifiO^, The gale con^ued^ io hlow almost withool tnteraMasi^ ^Mriour successive davs^w,. t ^ . by the gflatf st,aedvi^ and eti4^^ gy on the pal«>of the offiiors and;' meh, the main-yard. and\li|f^ . mast were saved,i the 'atter havltig^bc^ jendfog^red by the fofe*. mast fallii^g. across |he stsrjr, and the former by thewrecl; ^^^^ mmn-top*mast jmd tt^satl^yard lyii^ upoa it: JNfotwidistepp~^ the ccmtunianceof the gate, and tiw nneasy motion ai the thi^i, .,_ the next two days, we succeeded in gettirig ofKOur jury-m^stinAli^ as to make sail on die evenhig ci the iBth* . iSi's'^ f ^ Noting material oo^irred^till tha>^, afternoon of the 96diy ,#^1. We struck sounding' tnvsevcn^4athoms» op » botlpm.iell^ ' sftnd audi broken shells, being.in latitude ^9f 55', lonf^tud^^ti west. The weather beiitg> cMin, iome fishing-lineft w«r# ps^i and, several fine cod and t^rsl: were caught, being the;fi^ W| mi^t with.8ince leaving l^ir |slaod,.at, t6e,$ommencemeiit m v<^Ki^get^ On the fottQwh% |lay^ we^ made. PbvX Islai^df^ ' %j^ ^^M^^ ^^m Si 1 li!evi«fu«^y to our pamNir l^tefiaiit I^Ul^^n ant^t ■i^/1 1 ..si'ji - "if dliMliipii deaiatM fomj^^^ pil^^iiAnn»aBd«U odutr Md (Ulier aoeii«M»ii)i^^vliKiiiii:^^ «iniitMt «ul 4i^ Mth. Hayiay l«l| Mr. HSteper it Ii^«li» to wo6n die Eecli^* •rriv^ to Hoir-AdaM Ot«rfl^» the comMOMbr-iiM^^c^ at t|wt port, and to provide fteali beel and vegetiMet lor our pMsAe, Cap^ tarn SilMiie and myatlT pveeeeded iMoiit dcli^ to JUmdoa, irhen W pttived on the mmmg of tlie M of , November. Koth was the ese^ei^ itate of heihh wlkii we al this tine CO^tuiued to ci^ on hOi^^theHeela^^iti d«tii|g^^^ whole sea- m^./^'^Jf^^^^^mm the eeut aeei^nii^«f » tt!Hhn| nature ; ijin} I iiad the h«p^>ineeft of eieitM^ e«eiiy»ott«|i aiul fliian on board^Oth; flii|is^ (with onl^ oni ekeentioi «ii^ of »ine^*fottr pertont), letttrn to^ their native eountrf m a» rohtnt h0m as ivhen the)rlelt it, afiar an abMnce of neaify eigfatees fiohtt^ during which tnid we had heen living entirety on oSrowii iftfepii^ircea. 'tie Griper arrived at Shedand^m the let of Novembiiv and ^ m^ at Leith oh the ad. Both shba caaae into the Riv«r ^puae* about the middle of November^ an^i^ei^ paid off il Oep^frd on ^ tiBt of the loUowittg mondi. -IK fS^*'-\J} •■ cwii or ttttt K"' ■ B** ' "* , -i m :-^:\'~ . ■ k'. ../ " ,.r St.5'. '* «* /^'^, ':*-^ ' . .,. -^ .■Vyfif-iJK.* pM^- ABftENDIX '4L» : No. I. MBtitalti ^ " w^ iiwn we equatoruO, iniW^^ ' '^'^'ki -^SS t '• ■sr ^'J 11^ ^^?^^u:i ^ii-i mi , 4, »t^ ^^*^;>hv;rD^^ 1 3 ^BtMftk-i. &v 'J"^ J^ijMicm. which ItmiAerS^ liQuri «ich, accurately det.iJmS^-Ji:?'' **'*'y«™ intarvala of ^ W^^'W^jjy b,. i»!rtpd«cS^AkhL^J5•y ^«^- ^hewby- «2il5rll?^* "* ^w number of «a« ...*•' ^^l|lind ^he worW. ' * ^"**^*» «oon^paiiiedJCi£tom rv.. ^^' Tlitejiiat^a ImLa^doii,. > ""vwottm*, I.at. ro'ss'is'" v . V. _J^^^^4^^ wm^t9W^m obtained for the ■CMknuioa between I«oiMlon anA.lMMvUle lilmiA*''-'''''''^ 3dfy. The itiM ol^ vtbtaHott* nide fay the dockt in Ijisdon WM inoevtiined^bf two distinct i^et of e^ one before th«deperiBr««f«lid « eefiiid elt^ the rctam of the Expedition i the very vieioPilgreinientof tbesei^ occasione provhig ttHMinetthet Of 9MriAocka«oraiiy pn« apparatus, had id*, taioed an Itiiiiftip OMif'tkot foyii^ affiH&tltiff their rate of going ; m well as aHbrdinft*«atisiact6ry iiiference of the confidence which ie4ne^t•4he5«|• : ay Clocks ndar d»|r. .\, 4m. m^^ whicl) was allpwed for th« eiqeieriments at snna oemg inflj^ suilicietji^ for their cotn^ctton, the rate of each, clock being 4etemiined by a mean of 8^ intervals of £4 hours'eac'h. ■•■■•■ ^ y^^^ • . ,<^^^ 'And lastly. From the correspondence in the results ot^tauned ]% the two clocks; the daily acceleratipn of the onei on a <^^- in of die the iatitudes of 51* 31' 08.4" and 74," 4,7' 14.36" N: By comparing^ in a similar manner, the experiments made in the Voyage of 1818 with each other,'the acceleration of the penduluin between the several stations at which It was triedy has been obtianr ed,as follows: BclNreeiji LMon isnd Brassa - London and Hare Island Brassa and Hare Island 33.107 65 i.l07 "1 -u -.• 2386 L ^^o'^^^ons m amean 32.1316J ^^^^y- The following table tontsiins the deductions which h«ve be'en obtained by calculation from these several results. FrMpB the MmlentioD btttireen London' aia'd;BraS8a • *■_, -'.''■■ A, London and Hare Island B^ISi^ and Hare Islaad London, imd !MelviUe> Island DimimrtkHi of Gr»> rity fi-om the Pole l^i|>tiei^of to thff Bqoator. \ f|b^ fearth. .0055066 .0055139 .0055089 .0055258 Tthr -_.,„ -.--S^ ,.^f-. if\ ■'''■ cm ti.--^ ^„-,^;— ^r— ■■'7^ T'fwli Kan; h m ^MMMMM iwr no mam «i» j»ai* Jifl| ««**• «*^^««» SSbtoim white in «h.«. »« «*» «S«»»?^ toAtHH Wrctig, of dmow intolwilHe KWBi-K T'^.f ***" ?.: - .«..,. .^ .-,.. ThcywSSlUwcted to coiiHitti» Hili ^n?»»^ iiiiffl •oi^mi tU«^ After dri^ A. mildw ami .MF'!g:*!iggy "-J ^ £2j;£: tfialiiLkiii toei ■^3 1^- tSt^fty •WJiJ^^ MWWa UMMmuI 5 ■■'^«^,%6*4^ i^i^mtH' -v./,>i, , V .>'t.jit.i»,v. * ^ -^'J'lf / :<,:f& ;-Sia^*tiiS; .', iii hkt, Hie WfVji«ave netni ire ie co»ptiili% iitthi« coab^'tM it fif <4dr In the event of eome eootiiiMMjr mU|r'lia» that ^hUli bippeMd in. the caie W CiOitilB' Wtfe'i eeiwt, that inch an aeclditot ouglif to o^nr.. AMlidtt|ii^u[e ,w,inur wai jcoi|imenGil4 ivHh fnU ewldenc^ in Ihe abttn<^niiee.ina tti^w^ of oar reeo«rc«l,.w eouU nofr be niilf^ in* djierent t6 , the mmy .oMi^plM on re^rd df ae fataRtjl^ Aiat had att^nd^ i^eet'of Ihoit jidventurert, whn.4Athift % n^ddeat or in H^ of commereiU p^t, had Wt^teved M Ihdu «ttinici. Widi t^|e,:aii^tt befure ue. It nwutd have>»en^t66 "l^iilht^JiO^veraMi- * * • " * * to have eapejctiNt it,t(m e^KUptiOn M *foee dtelillr.lhe ^Ijater^liiMNHiirable imceaiing vlgtliiice to watch and op- poee. 4(^on|^ thecaiiut w^ifih liaye been coiieidered ntdtt etitiv^ in genf rating thlji defimctivie'^Htaie, ere to be notieed thlct. following, ■ vIzh ji dji^^'djA^^icnt in qniurfti^ or'quality ; a told,,daili|i;;UMl im* puro air I uncfieiiilineM, hfblie ,of idleneie ; 'n»en»0^ ThkiOb- eenee oFa '{iife quinflty ofaipiiecent Vegiflkble ibbd )k alwayathe - In thi sdi^ecarvy/the^ialiei^'pi^ivmdne ivied b)ii the seamen havt been held % tnany to be $Vii%i^ conetant.cipKe^^ to. mvii^^mm » #i£»rding iiy animtd fib^/d^«trncfi:ri^ orlte ni tfrtie#.r' pteeent !►. unfreddtncy ontie ffifeaie joi Hie Jf a|ei$V i^rVtee nunr indoce ii' dpubr whtdi^^ the ratlbbe of ^^ eenttken, modified' ae^titiey are at at this time, are. capable Of producing: H^h ¥^pf|dispOi|idoiii, with* odi the c^peration of ^ome Ottaiir^m^tf ul r^mb^ cause. ;* fn threqdipment ' of the %:i^^iSm;''-liiomi^^'t^^ that appeared condtkclve to tile hvt)%vei|)en| of the annscorbodlf^ qnalitles of the provisions #a%adiQ«fet^'fli^ qnanti^ldrtho meats preserved by Messrl Donlln M^^*:withDiicsaltiae ^iiHt ■• i-k i of th^r yegeiable sind^concent^ted sottps» was tinbarkMdf ^and discretion of Captain Pany^ who; tar W of them in lieu of pl%brti<^nal quantities of saSbedft^ j^ced at the of them in lie ^ w ! Proved jthe diet of the men. Atiother deviitibn owance was the employment of' good floor |iSS|e«f§F%!lctiit, bf Whieh the crews were fiurnbhed with|» daily sopply of wtthhr* ^ho 8id)stiM93on mm- 1^ .."H ■■■fi^ •B tec) MB tw.»-n' •> jJti^iTikt 'l.iV K' -^'H Mi ■.'W.\'i.*'' '/'■■>*'.■ m&d&^i^'^^^»iii^^-^^yMmiiimr'i><' ¥i 'J ip ^ j^ljii^^!!^ ci^^ wftbittnd, the teiu^tilfi^^ Ai| ,ihe itu^j0(fpi^^ evUpi cdiiw^tote ajHurt «f tt||(p|fii^#3^t)»m otv^xiomyf^ disclpUnfit practived^^bf C«^t^ Fsirf}i d^li^g tbe voyagi^ it ifriiof |ieceM«ry'for M« to difteil tt^te; ^ l)p«ft fOii^Dneat«ry on tk«; tuljetBt is th« comparatite, ffce4Qm |^ocpift|M#^.ti»at{}reiriaied';th^^ • ■:/■•■, ■, „ .tl |i«|ii; feu^ bad ela^d when the^fint . tyinptoitis ^ 9i^0li^^ohi$^fi^i^iihA$^^i^ early in the niDinth ftf Innufuyt fani^'of ll^fcvcrist in ftbelyenr.] /I^he patient va» Conner o£i;i«e |le6li,:<%lfl^ inan ofaieiipeigle ,1iikbit% but w,itb^a oojittitntion Miiif whit liKirn bifr «er^i«le ibvira^ dimit^t. Thie morbid ;pf*» ' ' pi«l liraa Increase^.by.^'i^ttii^^ conike^ted with thei,V>- t^;^it (.eabin^ ^icb %». siting in the ^<9tilMy ^f a k^ jl^payiiJIiieK^enMttoatediai^ te^isture,' but qu^te adequate to keeplt i|i' »|niip%9mlQi$ka E^pMM;^<|iai^ng tbe^day the atr: wa».chargediwi4tiii!ap^uiir>;irn^ I0l^l(^. Iftilw^^l^ evei^ adjacent ftubsrance*' On eanii|uiiii|g 1^ jtH»l,1i|if|ide )Wa« found ito be literally drenched in wa^i> and the j^^lR^en tb tbes bedvpbu^. Under such ciCGumitaaces it was nSiif aitoniabing that scorbutie symptoms shimaid haveii^peaMd. I^i^ir chai^aeter, nevertheless^ was rehiarkably.mild. The removal of the parent from. his damp eabin, into a hammodi in >d(y part of the^v^sely the subttUtotion^ of fresh meat and vegeti^ble; soito, JMBtot^d of th^ aalted.peirtionof his diet, and a sm^l additional d- lowimce dfleroonrjaice suflSced to subdue t^ery sytaptom in three spii^fcs after^ ilhe.attack^ and he braved the rest of the, voyageoo Jherdiet of d>e 9b;ps' company without any recu.rence of the coitt- plaint.. .,..^ '■ .:-'.;.! £arly in March two more 4»Mes. appeared almost ,stiftkulla9ef^tt8- ly, onjp corresponding clostly to the foregoing in ttaiorigin and re- 4|dji;;tbe other diiferlpg, inasioauch as the suti^ect was a man who •iad|>i9C.t|pied,one of the moat con^rtabl&beds/in the ship; hut. he had b^n.ttoore tban once, while in the fer^ce of the. East India Compiwy^ .a aufferer: from scurvy ; his predf^ositton was also in- cii^sed by a pernicious habit of eating pork slush* ^^ This sub- stance Is the more oily part of the fat, which has so greatr«ii af- Boity kit the salt, that during the boiling they are. diseha^d to- ,ff^er, leaving die meat In a relative state of fre{ihi|(M)Sk. The use 'Mmh briny tat is strictly prohibited ; but this isian^is detected ,|^#< Cfew in the act of purloining :^nd eating it, an»»!« •b«««Sm2?^???«">''">»«»» ..■':Pkk4. ..Jw^i^ fbe coMcidiMaeM of tHto had tvidentty bMn loiig itreyiflg «pttft llit Mind. The abOTO eaiet comprahtttded aU in which leovbutie sfnptCMW wvNi maaih>Kt(fi»^Mher off iha^erevvamnecd the slightest ditpoii* ik» thdreioi although in Che wrif pit of April, in conaeqaeneo e^ die aerioiii feaa m lenoD<4WKe by die buntnig of the botuea bf^ die ^o$tii Mtj^ hgrnd^mm ■mtmt'f-^fj^t^. ' .*• '.1»il9«h tiOB of iC'0ii»4hirif id h^^pm^.tii fmt to discoiidnae it enthtAy. At thiifwiod ^ ioml(Shm§x IXigtpuu^ Imuu) begaft to vegetattraM the«MlHPef«4M^0Mttd^gBtherdi^«'pievm qiiaii«ty> iHiiiiy tl^dlpd^^^i^^ fishmd infuiie, a li^«iue» oe- cnmi of that SjpecnaaM^opltthaihaia catted snow-blindness, pro- dnct4^hyrtfaf lalttihei - alid i of dw ijolar rays from the^itirfa^e of the show. Thi ilillaiiifl^tion H s^^v^**^ ii^ maa^rlioiara^et^ distressing, ftdrigerent ap|^ii»iiQiii', and ilii severe estiesallenialed with warm ibmeirtations^ g«»iendfy dbyedv the iinfadon in twemy ot thir^ -hours, and in three or four cu^ diejpai^ent'fi^'' fi^-for service.' - -.--r ■ ■■ .-». . c-^t < ; %^ „ - '^ ^vip ■ ^ - The Ibregoillg i«tiiarfcs apply moi«pMticiiitfly^|^' till 1^^ hii^ ^>hmlidiiBiieel|itt - In the Griper the seoltali6>^^ tisiie Of « naore agj|ra«ated character, obviiBiiMii^i^eiiiUli^;|&«m objects attackc^'&ing men of morie debilimted cOastitutions; Ttie' zehiQte «e»Mes .depending on the condido&of the atmos(^re|^p|a^ aiisost inote>pe4irei€ul in this- vessdli^than in the Heda: Ibr^ in cM^ 8e4||tfna^# the contracted space in. which they lived, tibe mrHaa^ clf«i|^viildiin<^ture which was deposited so plentifully upon dte^ wldlt afd' be#plac«sr that every effort ^preserve dryness ifa» fruitteailb In dits exttemity it at length became necessary to put all lhirN(|p#te^%ii9l^ the^ bnllfhiida alg^dipMii^^ei^^ open the whol4 de<^ to the in- tflittce^liii the #res» This measure proved effectual in removing ^ nuisaviee, and wfth it the disposition to tdieease. . f m A,' 'T^^T* « ^^ PV Mk^Ai^ki ...y^^g^^ ..p,. """ ' "'''fii;[, rut ii ir i r i D i i "- i ' .j,. , 'J i\ k. : • ' > ^4^ilHiiTM|^i|^||(tfjn'?" j**j K f •„ i r 1^ !?. St- (! ' y}.f-.J 3 T 4a-i, ^■■■4l& tM ';^»fi-(4"* • •■■•''"♦S ThootfflMdRoport IS AddNHSpokm at the Opening of the North Gco(|iaThMtre . . IS Edgoui, bf Albert • .if ToCorreepondente . . i7 No. lU. Novoinbcr 15. Letter from PhBoaopUeot tS SpoMh of OoaMenorPaulewell,te Mr. WakehuByfiirlhe Theatre . . SS,S8 No. V. November 99. Letter from Peter Fane • • • • . . S4 Iaw Report Catue«/tA*Bdttor«.NoB<<:!Ontrtbatora . . iM iPheitriMlBeport ByTrtm .IS l^regnenti. By Riebud Roam-aboat . . < • SS l^iMtrieal N<^ee .... ...... • |: y . «• fUi H^VLPiimtiH. UMw ftwB TkMdv Qirill-SpUttir TriM'bM«MrMttiktOawctfC«WMa8«M« . . . < • • • • • • ATMmhtorilMM • • • lrtMtiPMfl«w>hitfc>8— mfcrThrwUditt . . • • • • t • Ka YD. Pnertir K. TIm Coaphdnt of PiatlMr ThMtrlul Btport aid Litttr from Sir Pllifiil Pttoiter, Bait. . liaGf««iJtooai,orftP«iplwldtti«hfeCaitila. ByPiiv^ligToltt' « Ifo-Vni. DMttbarJO. Bt or tiM Jooraid or m oW N. W. Vogniw. Bjr T. LMtMT fitm AU|M1 Hndkrirfl, (0 tlw M«M|er (gf the TiMitM A DrouB. By PhBo^oouras • . . Uoot, by « Tooog B«|iater 8ilatteoraBel«%bjCartig»tor H0.IX. DeoetaberCf; Lfttv iivni FniiMuifopis TlNitriMl Report tad AanoaMement Letter from SalpQiiil'DriTe ........ AowniomMitt .... ...•■. tir BdhotiOMOBtha MoniagQrClirWnHBi'Oitf' NdkZ^ Jwnmrfa, IHQu BeSoedbBi an the oomineiwiBmoiit oT * Now Tear, bj Amkot liovghta OB New Tear^ Day No. XI. Jannarjr 10, Striefams on the Theatrieal Blaaatemevt, by aLookcr.oa Opi the et tab l iih m ent of a new Weekly Ptper. By fkuej Harmlem lieteoeolo|ieal Qneatien iPheatrieal Report, and Anaoniwemeot ..... liitler flC N. C. AdNi«MiMawnt<--Pn«peetiuor an Oppodtion JonnMl m SI at M S4 M 36 M M 40 4$ 44 4i 41 U 41 NaXI|.;iMii«(yl7. Letter from Simon Set-R%ht «^ . . ... .40 Reply loN.C. by JoevphaaNot>PaMir ,. . ... . . ;^ Rbmaxka en the Letter of N. C. By Joha Slender>brain apd Smell Rat Smoh^Mi 41 Oltomy . , ,41 • * ! » ... 41 •!^t4 'lill'SIL MMMJf^l* i-.n tlMidUttwIetlMMIlar. SjK.O. liMtirtBtlMMilir. I^VtrilM . TlMMMar%ll«pl]r . . . bjrC. ■■*• KoHm to CocmpoMlMli . « it If KO. XIV. jMMTf Jl. ]l«Mifa«iUMBdUar'bBapl7toV«rilM. BjPMwftriMr^ ....#• Utter fkumStcphMlMpvill . ..';.'.' g| HoMUMMhtlMirortk. BjPhlto4M0lfc ..'... . . . H* Adftttln—rt ',*' '." ..... 41 UwMpMudMpljACMitribiNMr .... fef U— ■ W B iited by tlw BtttMwt Afora, JwMMay If, IMD U SfMM ad dw Bd to tha EdHor. ByAlMttkr f8 iMOBd Utter «BThMtiMllaM|tmwt ByAUokflr-Oa . . IS AiiMAail4Mri»'feGiNBpWM,ndthaBditM'illMnrltttlMiMii . . . . «^ Hwrtritel B>pwt >a< AnpowMwatat mk VuhkMuMaArrinlb North Q««^ . . ^ . . . M fteUoi»bi«htelli|MM i% FMiMllayitatlMitetlwFMtiMrdllMt. Bj QntaliUM Qiundoas . . . •• LiMtootlMBtHippMyMMoPtlMSm 89 Ma XVI. FateMTjr 14. FMUttMroTZ. DoiMMblatelliiMMa 8tMuuwoBtlMdMMhar«lli«e«rlteDog . HyparboTMHi Frifll«|« WatiwtoCnriwyonJiBli .... No. XVn. FtbroMT St. Utter frote»8p— titer , . . UttcrfWtinXtoZ i Correstfam of MetMToloiiMl Brron. Bjr BimoB Bot'Iliilit ThMtrhal AaMMttMniMt BO CI 61 0S 68 «9 9$ 04 «4 04 8tMiiMb]rQ.M4l|«c«dMi]ilakMbift ^ No. XVm. Fabrntiy S8. SMondUtteroTZ . Utter from Faeph^Tom BcaeaUoiit miw iiw i id by tho Firo rt tho Obtemtory-Hoaw . UMMMUMte^bytlNDiMhoroGnU . . 4PhflM0pfai»B«F«fio «r w M W ooimirTi. No. 3^X. Mtrah 6. OomptaiBt of NtihiB Loo|>Bov Letter from Bnily Letter from PeoiriDg Tom (he Pint Reply to Peeping Tool. ByTom Peepedntt HyperboreeB Sopori&ae. By Phito^onnw Notice to Cocre e pondeBti No. XX. llareh 19. Tliird Letter of Z . ....... Apology (0 Peeping Tom tlie Pint, by Pee^DS Tom the Seeood CkmtathetweeD Sir Partiei Thaw and General Froit ByN. FkopoiNl to deipatch a Balhxa. By HOaiy BOgb-Plyer Lines on the Motto OB tlwHeela'sbianade .... 8oogi&om'*Th6Nacth-¥^eitPMmge,hyMr. Wakeham . Page 08 68 68 . 69 69 70 ro 71 71 71 72 7i,73 No. XXL Mareh 90. . Ftevwel to die Wbiitlen,-Bangen, Hummers Blowers, tee. ByZ Befleetions on the Cooohuion of the Winter Chroniele. By Philo^omcs VfUbiet. ByT. . - . • • • • Thaatrieal Beport Stannsfbr the iait Number of the Winter Chroniele. By A. Farewd Addnm on the Claae of tba Theatre. By.Mr. Wakeham Fiaal Note by th« Editor . . .... . 74 75 75 76 76 77 78 > p r 1 » w- 1 V* ft 1 irV 1 ^ ■ ! gf v.^K 1 A e 1 ^B^'^k ■'( W Bm-K\tMt ?f ' - fe ^B^'nmr .»., R ^^Vrf^HM&V k. m. 'Ni ■^ *" HL ^^h W' F L^ _,- »- i^^^lHi^ l^!fli Lli h THE NORTH GEORGIA GAZETfE; AND WINTER CHRONICLE. No. I.-.MONDAT* NOVBIIBER i, 1819. WE feel great plearare in being enabled to eonimenee oar Editorial OfBee, bjr ao* knowltdgnwnti of the lively intereit wttli vhieh the propoiala for the caUbHthmept of o«r Paper have bc«n lo ceneralW reeeivei} \ of the auppoTt with whwh the demand for the early ckertioni of oar vreki -wither* haa been met ; and of the cneoaragement which we derive from th0 oomnwuiioatiom with which we have been alreadv favoured. The propoial* having announeeaa firtt Namber u an experiment, we ahoald feel ooraelvea wanting in the confidence which the number and reapectabiliqr of oar eorretpondentt lo juitly intpwe, were we to heiitate in de- elaring ouc.eonvietkHi, that the experiment haa succeeded i and in vcntnring, in the name of its supporters, to promise the eonr tinnation of the JVorA Oeorgia Oaxette and Winter Chronicle. Having premised thus much, we proceed to lay befive our.reaiders the content* of the Editorlbox. • TO TSS EDITOR or TBB WINTER CHRONICLE. Mr. EoiTOB^It was with real |>leasare I saw in eircalation among oa, your pittpoaals for a Weekly Newspaper, to, be supported by original eontribatiohB from' the Gentle* men of the Expedition. lam confident that' such a paper will, under your oaosorship, be productive of Rueh amuaement, and serve to relieve the tadiitm of our hundred days of darkness* ; and, in this view, we eannot but consider you entitled to our best thanks . for having undertaken sd troubleaome an of- fice for tlie public good. » llaviog befoee knciwo mora than one Ar«M of thu kind established on boiied «hipa, I m«y uke the liber^ of waraing you not to be ditcoaraged by the siender oontribution* which the first or second wc«k may he «■>• pected to ponr into your box. Trae wit may ; (foraqghtyoa or I ktio w, Mr. Editor^) be as nodeCt as trae worth • of any odier kind, alMl ircniostnot mistake that tor in- capacity which may proceed oDly^frma parings, to the great detriment, by*the-lvf, of one of our servants, whose finger has been terribly f^stered^by a prick he received in sweeping them olF; and 1 have it from authority on which you may rely, that Serjeant Martinf hns, within the last week, shai*pened no lei% than nine penknives. . i It has been remarked that our table* ab- solutely groan under the weight of writing desks, which for months |Nut have not keen "the Ucased licht;" and it is well knowft that the holds nave been mwe than oneo' opened of late, fbr the exprea% though noi piiifessed, purpose of getting up/reth pack- ages of paper, or%inialy intended bg next * The sun was ninety-six days below the horizon. t Theseijeant of the Royal Artillery who accompanied Captain Sabine ' (.' B "■"mumtm^*:- 1^ ii 'V f 1 year's oonnimption, but which ii now. des- tiued to grace your file. "One gentieinan," myi my coireipon- ilent, " more sly than the rest, tbouglit he bid eluded oar TigUanee; hi* cheat lay in the hatchway to be opened, he uxk the op- portunity, while he thought nobody was loolting, to wrap some old clothes round the square package of paper, before he lifted it out. But as ne was walking off with them into his cabin, I saw one of the comers of the tin box shining bright through an unfor- tunate hole in an old flannel waistcoat. When I taxed him with it, he coloured deepty, (strong qrmptoms, Mr. Editor!) fend ran off, declaring most vehemently, that it was only a canister of gingerbread nuts ! 'Nuts, indeed, they were,' adds my face- tious friend, ' nuts for the editor !' " Nor i> the information, of which I am in gosseuion, confined simply to this{ for I ave pried more deeply into the business, and have before me secret intelligence of no less than seven litfmry contributions in em- bryo, with which the brains of as many yeaithful compositors have been teeming ever since }-our Prospectus «ppeared. I could tell you, if I chose, to which department, among those you have enumerated, each of these oelongs; but as I have no doubt that they will all appear in your pagtis in their proper time and place, I shall say no more at present about them. For my own part, Mr. Editor, such is tlie opinion lentertain of your plan, that I have nsolved, unless you hy upon me an abso* lute prdiibition, to make a oO^ of each pa- per while it is in circulation. For, I con- fess, that I anticipate from ynur pages a fund (tf rational amusement, not only for the enfnings of this our arctic winter, but tor th(>se of many a future one, which we all hope to spend happily in Old England ; and I cannot nelp looking forward to the time when a paragraph of the Winter Chronicle, read aloud round some oheerfal fire-side, may draw a tear of pride and pleasure from the eye of an aged parent, an affectionate wife, or a beloved sister. I remain, Mr. Editor, Your friend and well-wisher, Pbuo Comds. P. 8. I forgot to mention to yon, that I have some reason to suspect an attempt will occasionally be made to slide into your box communications which are not quite origi- nal, and therefore not qsite corresponding with your plan; for a gentleman was seen at hia desk late the other night, with a volume of the Spectator before him, while he was thawingnis ink over a lamp. With all due deference to your extensive reading, I think it right to put you on your guai^ against such uttempts ; for I have no idea, Mr. Edi- tor, of being^'obliged to read in the fVinter Chronicle what our great grandfathers con- ned over at their breakfast tables more than a centui7 ago. For the Winter Chronicle. The travels of the renowned Baron Mun- chausen, which I recollect reading when a boy, furnish strong proofs of ilie very sin- gular effects resulting from extreme cold ; and as it seems probable we may have to en- counter a greater severity of weather than even that illustrious personage experienced, I think any idea conducive to the general or individual good of our companions, should not be hoarded in selfish concealment, but liberally given to this little world. After the frost shall have exhausted all its usual effects of fixing the brandy bottle to tlie tips, freezing the water in the tea*kettle on the fire, congealing sounds, converting sighs into showers of snow, and briny tears into icicles, is it not probable that it may reduce the temperature of the human body so low, as to interfere with the internal eco- nomy, compelling the blood to roll through the veins and arterieii in the form of peas, dropping one by one into the proper cavities of the heart, and being again discharged from thence like small shot ? Now, Irhen matters shall have arrived at such a pitch as tbiSj there is something in the hearty sto- mach, or bowelk, (I think the former,) of many young men called /otw, which though very hut in its nature, must at length ac- knowledge the frlgorifie influence. What then will be the result f We know that, even in the comparatively warm climate of Russia, some sorts of liquor are frozen to snch a degree, that the whole strength is concentrated, perhaps, into one fiveFhan- dredth part of its orfginal apaee. Now, should this be the case with love, fierce and burning in its present state, to what a depto- rable situation must it reduce the unfortu- nate victim f — if he attempts to breathe, emitting flames like a fabled dragon, while the dissolving blood rushes along in copious streams, and after each i^espiration as sud- denly congeals. But, oh httrrorl horrwl should he have accustomed himself to Uie use of spirit* — on tbe first kindling of the fliime, tip he goes like a shell, a mine, a rock- et! Think of this in time, gentle youths, whose sensibility may have betrayed you into love, who « have drank the soft poison of a speaking eye." Root it from your boeoma ere the catastrophe arrives with persevering fortitude and resolution, and deposit this soft delusive something where it may be at band for use in a milder dime ; there only can it avail: — then, when the moment arrives which shews you the other terrific symptoms I havo mentioned, you will hail me as your friend, your guardian, youir benefaetor. FBOsncrs. Id IT Chrmikle. Should mf oonjMGtnrei prove correct, ' would it not be a natioiMd benefit to make a tumpike-rcmd from Hitten't Bay to this (livary region .' How many married pairt might here revive the almost extinct tparkt of rfgard, and a* aoon aa iheir boaoroa were sufficiently warmed, aet off and avoid the dangers of combustion ! For the Winter Chronkle. ABcnC MtSKBIBa. Geisc out in a winter morning for the par- pose of taking a walk, and before you have proceeded ten yarda from the ship, geUing a cold bath in the cook's steep hole*. When on a hunting excuraioo, and being close to a fine deer, after aevcral attem|>Uto fire, discovering that your piece is neither primed nor loaded, while the aaimal** four legs are employeu » carrying away the body- Setting out with a piece of new bread in your powet on a shooting party, and when you feel inclined to eat it, having oeeaskm to observe that it is sofnoen that your teeth will not penetrate it. Being called from table by intellicenee that a wolf is approaching ilie vessels, which, on closer inspeclkm, proves to be a dogi on going again below, detecting the cat iu run- ning on withkyour dinner. Retaining on board your ship afler an evening viut in a contemplative humour, and being roused from a pleasing reverie by the close embrace of a bMr. Sitting down in antiaipatkm of a comfort- able breakfiut, and fincnng that the tea, by mistake, ia made of salt water. Out Comic At. On the Cmnmencement tf the Winter Chronicle. TO enliven the moments, while Winter steals on With a too tardy pace, be the care of each one; Let raiiGoor and malice be banish'd aiar. Unworthy the pen or the heart of a tar! The fire of true wit may shine vivid hmI bright, Untinctw^ with satire— unproinpted by spite ; We are few, and immured in a desolate spot. Then l resentment, and pride be forgot ; And while Faie may keep us so near one anuthtr. Let each one oonsUer bis friend as a brother; We shaH still find enough to enlnrge on, no doubt> Tho* we have not Uie charms of a>ill or a rout The mind philosophic may often impart Some iostmetion from nature, some process of art; Morality too may embellish the page. And by soft winning precepts attention engage ; The sportsman with pleasure may lead us to view The toils and the triumphs he oft has gone through ; And each daily occurrence roaj somewhat afford. Not unworthy to offer at Dame Reason^s board : And thus each unfolding the gifts of his mind. While diffnsing his knowledge, yet haply may find. That though wnat he gives ne'er reduces his store. He oft by this interennrse adds something more. Then let me solicit a part of your leisure To be weekly devoted to giving us pleasoyre ; , And thus 1 conclude with gooilwishes most fervent, And beg to subscribe, your obsequious servant, Amibt. For the Winter Chronick. TO chase the dull inactive hours away, Resolved nem. con., that we shbuld have a play; The plAy is fix'd on— characters all cast. Parts learnt, and lo ! the first rehearsal past ! Glum cried — " Twill do, but to ensure success, " You'll ask some friend to write you an address," * A hole in the ice for steeping salt meat, 8cc. y- "V, -'-^ft— L 14 m, 1 ri 'V i?*«}j i 1 It""^ if-' I Bff-=^i^''A 11^ 1 Kl * ^ '^'' s 11 P'^ ^^t^l M^\ ' BK '^ ^^■:.;-,. '^'^ ith the Miina|;er-^' adxookt, yoaVe right, I dreaa we're in a pretty plight ; lall write it ? Marry, theiv** the raVy '• Ell ?» quoth •« Without ai' "But who shall " We have no contnteree with that atreet called Grob." Strut Kem'd perplex'd— luok'd thoafihtfal— took hit noff, •• Egpd, I have it— let us send for Puff* ! '* PufTis our man— he'll spin as his heroics, "And luelt the audience, if they are not stoics." •• Yoo want a jPu^," cries Glum—'* that's very true, " But, Mr. PuffTl tell you, will not do; " He'd write, no doubt, a mighty rn-etty ttory, " Tell yoa of Rnglaiidls pride, of E gland's glory ; " How that her sons advent'roiis sallied forth, ' " And what's been done in regions thus far north & '• But this, I take it, is too fine by half, '< We want, my friends, something to make us laug^; ^ " Something to help a lame dog o'er the stile, *< And make our play a tedious hoar beguile." " Still Puff's our man," cried Strut, •• I haTe no doubt <* He'll do the thing, and bring all this about i ** Por tho' he dabbles high in epic lore, " He can descend and make the boxes roar ;— • " Aye, Pit and Gallery too— for he is a poet '*0t more than coi^moh stamp, and you shall know it." Thus, Mr Editor, the aCfair was settled. Strut was well pleased, and Glum anpear'd half nettled ; While we look forward to the eventful night. To prove Glum wrong— the manager quite right. Theatre Royal, North Georgia. The Publie are respectfully informed, that the Theatre will open, for the fint tiice, ON FRIDAY NEXT. NOVEMBERS, 1819, When will be performed Garrick's celebrated Farce of MISS IN HER TEENS; OB, THE MEDLEY OF LOVEBS. MEN. Sir Simon Loveit, Mr. Xtas. Captain Lavelt, Mr. GRimTHS. Fribble, Mr. Parbt. Puff, Mr. Waksham. Captain Flash, Mr. BcsBirAJr. Jasper, Mr. Homrut. WOMEN. Miss Biddy, Mr. Bkkchbt. Aunt, Mr. BiETERtsr. Tap, Mr. Hoopbh. SONGS, by Messrs. Skene, Paimeb, and Busuxa^v, will be introduced between tbe Aett Previous to the Perfnrnianee, AN APPROPRIATE ADDRESS, Written expressly for the Oecasion, will be spoken by Mr. Wakehav. Door* vrill open at ffalf-patt Six, and the Curtain irill ritgpreciiely at Seven. TO AtBBST's Enigma in our nexK Akicus's " Prologue to Miss in her Teent^ to be spokrn after the opening Address," has been received. The Editor lakes the hbertv nf suggesting, that the Manager of the Theatre is the person to whom it should have been sent. It is not yet too lat.o CORRESPONDENTS. to be so sent ; and when spoken, it would appear iti due course in our Theatrical Report. Wc are requested to state, that a humorous Epilogue to JtSag in her Teena would add considerably to tbe nhnusements of Friday evening. , • The part of PiiJ", in Mias in her Teena, was to be performed by Mr. Wakeham, wh6 wrote the opening address. ••/ ■^-'—Tm- d-m^ ■--' r ■■ 15 NAmemHi commiMMalMMi, entitled ' per, to admit qoeationt which may ezer- eiie the ingenuitj of our Readera, and fumiah occupation in their aolution ; but it ia neeetaary, in order to render lueh questions worthy the occasion, that thev should possess a eertain degree of origi- nality, and reqain nor* tlum a ven vrtS' nary knowledge taresolye them. If our friend Nautieua will refer to any of the Elementary Treatiaea on Aritkmetie or Algebra, he will And nnder the Bolea of Poaition, or of Simple Eonatkma, muaf very similar examplea to Ms, propoaed nr tlie student** inatmetion, and the mddeof thehr resolutkm ej(plaia«d. No. IL— MONDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1819. Ttkg, Mr. HooFEB. ced between the Acts nrhen spoken, it would i-se in our Theatrical state, that a hnniorous t her Teent would add ainus«:ments of Friday' Mr. Wakeharo,whd StRCK our first Number haa been in eir- eulation, we ha«e reeeired varioas commu> nieations of encouragement, and assuranrea of support, confirming the persnaaion which we Tentured to avow in our last Number, that the Winter Chronicle is no longer an experiment. Aa in the days of oneonquered Rome, it waa deemed no less than a capital offence to entertain doubts of the aafety of the commonwealth ; so we certainly will not set the example of bad oitizenriiip, by per- mitting a suspicion to take possession of our minds, that the united talenta and exertions of our little community will prove inade- quate to support a design which is deemed conducive to the public good. From the above-mentioned commonica' tions we have selected the one which we pre- sent to our readers, from a correspondent who swns himself " A plain Matter-of-Fact Man,** beoanse it coincides with our own aentimenta on the subject. .>. i > Mr. EnrroB — I hope you will not think me behind-hand in assuring you of the plea- aurel received on reading your proposala eircniated amongst us — a pleasure not less sincere than that of those who have been be- fore me in expressing it. 1 felt also the pro- Jtriety of your appeal to your well-wirtiers or (heir timely support, ind counting my- self in that number, I was very desirous to have eoroplied with your request ; but, Mr. Editor, I will freely eonteu, that after puz- zling my head a long time to no purpose, I was forced to give the matter up, m utter despair of finding a subject upon which "A plain Matter-ot-Fact Man," as I profess myself to be, could address you with any prospect of entertainment to your readera. Yet, as day passed after day, I felt less and less satisfied to rest without making an at- tempt, at least, to contribute my portion to the nnersi fond. The otgect of your Paper being our amuse- ment, 1 consider it alike the mtercst and business of every individual who is pleased with such an estahlishment amongst us, to do something towards its support ; for j if we do not fuitiish ;fOu with communications, Mr. Editor, nothing is more plain than that you cannot fiirnish iu with ptpen : and, it daring the Winter, » Monday shall aris* without a Winter Chnnicb to grace our breakfastrtaMes, we shall, indeed, by cor baekwardaesa have deprived ourselves (hi words so jastly and feelingly need br yoor eorresftondient Philo-Comus, and which I repeat to impresa them more stranglT on your readers) of ">A sooree of rational amnsement not only for the evenings of this oar Arctic Winter, but of many afutura ODe, when a paragraph of the Winter Chn- titctg, re«d aloud around some eheerfal fire- side, may draw a tear of pride and pleaaore from the eye of an aged parent, an ^aflee- tkmate wife, or a beloved sister." Yoa will readily conceive, then, Mr. Edi- tor, that I was not a little cheered at the sa- tisnction which yoa expressed in your first Number, and at the confident manner in which yott announced yoor persuaition of Amher and suflicient aid. But, do not sap* pose that yoor correspondents hitherto have borne an^ pr(q)ortion, in point of numbmr, to that ofyoar well-wishers, or of those who will eventoally assist in fillinc yoor colamna. I have reason to know, that! was not sfaign- Isr in the embairrassment which deprived me of the gratification of seeing my signature in the list « your earliest contributors : and, that there are not a few persons who are only waiting to form their judgment on tlie son of eomiAtthication which will be accept- able, and who will fall into your rinks, one by one. I would,, therefore, add my voice to that of your more experienced eorrespondent, Philo-Comus, that yoa be not diaeoora|ed by the alender eontribotk>ns of the first Mw weeks. I would also remind those who are yet si- lent from the cause which haa been just as- signed, that tiow is the time when support ia most needed t when, if every preson will put his, shoulder to the wheel in earnest, (and eaeh individual may command his own exertions,^ there can be no doubt that your Paper will go on with apirit. Permit me to subscribe myself. Your occasional .Correspondeaf , A FLAUI MATTBn.OF*FACT MaK. lisiii*,^. ,r \ m ttUrWlClL BUDtT. Tn theatre opened on Fridaj evening with the tarae of " Miai hi her Teens *' pre- ceded by an address, written and spoken by Mr. Wakeham. We have been favoared with a eopjr of this prodaetion, with whieh we shall present oar readers in one of oar subsequent eolumns. IVehave only to express oar persuasion that there oan be but one opinion ot its merit, and shall only add, that we think the ^ctor ■earoely did justiee to tlie .^itthor ,• prolMbly from the dindence natural to a man in re citing his own verses. Two appn^riate songs were introdueed between the aets, by Messrsk dkene and Palmer, and were received with much ap- plause. Havinjp; been obligingly famished with copies or them, we shall offer no apology to our readers for inserting them for their pe- rasal. We understanathat these are also from the pen of Mr. Wakeham ; nor have ve yet sttted, if we are rightly informed, the extent of our obligation to his Muse, aince we derived much aiausement from an epilogue said to be written by him for the oeeasm, at a few hoars' notice, and spoken with great spirit by Mrs. Tag and Jasper, in character: we regret that our limits do not allow us to give this production a pfaiee in our pages. Persons who are not familiar with the ex- pedients which are resorted to, to produce eSeet with very deficient means, would have been astonished at the manner in whieh this entertainment was Kot up, under eiroum* stances the most disadvantageous that can be concehred ; for, we know that not an article of soenety, deeorations, or dresses, was em- barked in either ship for this puipose, and yet we venture to assert, that, few provincial theatres in England would have excelled ours in either of these respects. The scenery was painted under the direc- tk» of Ideutenant Beechey, who has also obligingly undertaken Uie management of the theatre. The characters were supported throughout with great spirit and propnety , and we con- sider that our thann are especially due to the gentlemen who took the female parts, which were performed with no inconsidera- ble share of animation, and feminine deli- cacy. A.t the conclusion of the epilogiie, die street scene riring, diseovered the whole of die Dramatis Personie, who struck up '• God save the King," hi whieh they were joined by many of the audience with great enthusitism, and the curtain fell amid lood and repeated apajanse. We congratulate the performers, /as well as the rest of our community, upon this soeoeHfitl eommenaement of our theatrieal entertainments. Amoaement was the sole object for which they were undertaken— that ol^ect hu thus far been etwipletely ac- complished, and we sfaieerely trust that no- thbig will occur to prevent their regular con- tinuance. We are aware thai to effect this, then are many difficulties to overcome. We un- derstand that one of the most serious of these, and which proves how little expecta- tion was formed of our havin| leisure or in- clination to attempt a play during the voyage, is the verv small eolieetion of dramatic work* whien the manamr hp^ iieen aLle to muster in both shipr : k that it becomes a matter not of choice, but of necessity, to act those only which hapjien to be on board. A considerable propOrtioa of these must of course, be unfit me the limited means which our theatre possesses; but we fetl persuaded that nothing will be left undone to give them all the effect which these meana afford. We cannot conclude our raport without indulging for a moment one pleasine consi- deration, whieh the occasion naturally sug- gests. What delight would notour friends in En- gland experience, could they be informed of our present situation, and of the means we are thus eraploving to render it, not merely tolerable, bnt cheerful and happy! If any incitement were wanting to msike each of us persevero in contributing his share towards the general amusement, this consideration would empty furnish it : nor should we faH to remark, that cheerfulness, which is al- ways amiable as a privdie virtue, becomea in our case, almost a public duty ; and, that he who uses his best endeavours to encou- rage it, takes at once the mott effectual me- thod to promote his own coinfort, and to be- nefit the public service. ADDRESS on THE OPBRIirO OF THE TBIATK a07ij., SoaTB QEOBBIA, Written and Spoken by Mr. WAKxauc. Rkpob'd from war— triumphant in the field Where resou'd Europe's desdny was seal'd ; No foe to eombat on the rolling wave. No injur'd monarah that her sword might save, Twas still our much lov'd countiy'sglorioas claim TosUnd pre-eminent, unmatched in fhme. And in the paths of Science yet to find The liberal plan to benefit mankind. Far in the North an unknown region {tf. Where growing icecongeai'd the liquid way. Tethere it seemHlColumbia'ls bending shoiv, Stretch'd westward, heard Pacific Oeean^s roar. 7/ ly d eoanttyl glorioai Full oft in e«rtier day*, had Britoni tried To force « patMge throach the arretted tide. But tried in vain, tho' with intrepid akitl Penisting long, in spite ofevVy ill. By happier fortune led, twa> oun to prore Thua far, uuoheekNi by land, the watera And iee-cnenmber'd here to win odr way 'Mid tile long lonihine of an aratie day. But now for eoming •tormi and frigid air Approaehing Winter iiidt nt well prepare, The Sun retiring* searee illamea the iky. Swift driving mows in eireling eddies fly. And soon no gladd'ning ray shall gild our noon, But from the radiant stars, or changing moon.. While thus inaetive we are doom'd to stay. To cheer the Hng'ring hourb— behold a play. And tho* we boast not power by tcenio art To warm the passions^ or affeet the heart ; Yet here seenre we tread— no eritie'a eye Is bent, with eager gaze, each fault to soy t Amusement all our aim, if that sueeeed. Our with is gain'd — nor ask we other msed. But, when emerging (rom stem Winter's tomb, Reviviiig Spring shall chase the dreaiy gloom. And genial warmth, expanding o'er the plain. Pour melting snows in twrcnts to the main, When rustling winds, with all resistless aweep. Unlock the fetter'd sur&ee of the decp-^ Then with new ardour will we onward hie To seek a passage 'neath this Polar sky ; Firm h> our Leaders' care, who still have shown The great resolve, the daring deed their own. Nor— if that Power, whose providential sway The burning suns and meaner orbs obey, Approving smile— will we the task give o'er Till southern surges round our vessels mar ; Then with glad Sails welt plough the foam- o»tioua'a inte- reating and loientiflo letter, I began to rumi- nate upon the other woiiderftil phpnoraena, which the inteniity of the cold might pro- duce upon our ayitem. An evil ahortly oc- curred to me, whioh, although of minor im- portance in itaeif, would be produolive (if not immediately warded off,) of the dire catas- trophe so ably deMrlbed in the communica- tion alluded to, Aa no doubt yon are impatient to learti the fruits of my meditations, I shnll, without furth^lr preamble, praeeed to lay them be- fore you. Having gathered from the medical writers I have perused, (which by-themua, ai;d repMted In the weond by the « Plain Mit- te<^or-raat Man,* njf « mnat^ of ratkmiil anna^meou Itc. 8ce. fce., had taken meh ^li?2r'^*^ my mind, that after ha»tet "Y'^'^.Wy mwntwoforaoipetblng to MMR in filling fCftt- eolomna, alunber aup> ElMf hat my jraking tboogbta^^ hwapa. leofprodaoiHg. ffaneled myaelf v^afcd S«» *»| po*«P«f reropving, at a with, from Phee ^ rti^; Wd being* trwfM^ Mth a •ott^raftertireof eurloaltT,aa well aa a fl^^iiP?^ oJ-lMte ftir Mienee.t waa imiifJdiately.oniMabiogEndland, (oreoorte my «m with.) Ktdo4 inS;^ mlilHof an ■jaemblage of beauty, fluhim, and talent, at ^ 17\ '" -^— "tt^. As I wat «n. Known I bMl an opppftaui^ of eontemplat- in|^ M lei«n«^;di»; oMi by wIpM I waa amwoumMViMi hhne^of ioveUtMrbeloce me^owupioil mr^^iabd my attention fbr SS?ilS!!l!i^-2*^ L*''^~«* to^notiae the wllectioB oCpj^^ea, d|^ „«-. iX'^'^^fi'i^'^ '■» *w«~«ion, riS li^""?*^ «« the «pri*km^itfc«,ted my *•» A jKNmg lady, the imtta of ber ti^aafettdilpf"^ wews the Brrt^^ilSit ■Mt my ean when le biuB«d Uie fi<— ^; der r bluih &i>Md itoeir cm kwiVfSf «lMek^ • i^A. »o lem aodden, taeiewM. A valMd frkntf b we perkapa. th(M|ht t • A-MW tever hi tha other. WaMon Caaid. what trijbwf^ionptayfafwUhotf IWtawid ^ 'gweli^pMaed my Itoa belbr^ theasHM ORMie^ and I beheld a youMr MMl "^"l.*^' fMUniag on a ao^ Imt eham «^ea . NeUniag with teavf. She and.p«|ak»ate|y «riad, •• Where w ny -3 (MaptemM not be M4, Mr. Editor), ia bo "«»fn«l lohleta thoie fi»d expeaibwwntf For p(ly% «ka keep me no longerln a«a- peiUNt-^Oea ke live )" ** He doM," I tiM IS^J^'^^i'lTi* •*'^ *» my boaom to bo •wiiiatntfd wkk iMre aeerebsl waa korriod IJSl^ ■ * moment firaml mvaelf at» • faaklonalilp party In .mm*. VoaoolMr wM mr name mentionwl; tkan a ONnrd' of gg^jy^ «"•«»•« I •^ bekSMaM- »w»Wd met b tkort, they ware iromoO. yobng and beantir«l, .' deSge of SS& " flow doea my friend— -^M <«f||OMilfi. •?^ia.wo«!*' «AII^,» taw TIC: eome witbjueh a u«Te«t if p^V.^?; *t « Twaa then I taw Thet«rf4Un«iageoftbe tool jscam from the never ailent e\ j. " rathe.. t^ler,.UIl Sightly, and ehSmlnJ'S ever. She pretted my hand, and thiinlid me. A awel bag tfarii eteaped. •• Could yw ^nJ!"". ffi* ' She «R«S^ it, andS^S midly withdrew her hand ! Tw. .iSS. u^'t. i'Lt*" '•"•^ •"** ^ irretrievaSy loat in another moment, had I not edloS reatoo to my aid, and widied mvMf mS^ though I eouid not'deterStiSBS? '58: ingiboufat,lfle» up and down theairoet tofl onhiakiJi. drow«r,a,^man araaTg W, Pith, wot inttanthr, with lantcro aaS At Ittopped to attitthim,fiitbrethreoaiHS ap^aad aOijMd me. Boiiiog wlSTSfiK fm^ from the blow of a <^feendinK e^lM iteame to foriouti^ In eoniiet wkk tSlB "f «»»? NdiJlaee, tboi 1 ««» *t otmSoSJK towdcdiiMmluidttopklity. "^n^W BeUve ■»(, Mr. Bitor;^ yov iioeei« well<.ivitber, ' <(ip'^iift"' ^Jg**«fl« K(4»x^3s*" ^^w_ • ••••••*••••••••••• noliM fivm tlM fB«iMgmartfit<|i«i|Ni w« dMini to «ildi Uwt th«BdkorV loii k «t all tiowi lit (h« MTV iM of Um niaiiMCi' «n4 his «omqNiiMlenu,w Ihe mc(UiiniortlMilr«mB- TIm mKnacer luiviii«QO|MiMi ti^.<^ Sinum ]}t|;relliea«,'^exMpt tlirM|h tke liubm ^ nmm, makes «a ivmtf mm luifjog, m- ||Mvlf<^ bit oodMiiDnlMppa befw*. VLt km Imv« to tiMink hin. dm m iNi, vnMi b«%1uimaroiw. and liMlf Ui «!«<« iunnM* iMnV wUI Im) w<»S betivMn ^ mU oT tN next plav, Tli» mnager takM am ^VVi innkf «r infflrning iinoii DHH^npw^ aM oirM# Omb^tnat imthom. fhito-CiMiW, AINrt. Q, lu., MMl Oie pnUiir ia i|n«t«;, tM piMft, prolMttet, cpttoiaM^ionti»J% biita to Um («Mnl aoMMeiiieat. Thttbea* trlMl library at prMeal eonalMs of aix or at- vt« pieaaa onljr, ind aoBW of tlina but badhr adapted to our Mag*. It V, tkarefiBre, «▼!- dent that thahooMmvattbQt up baibra die •eason i» oter, for few perioBt, notwithitaad' inc the eharaetora be ever w well aupportad, will jrit OQt the 19tth repreaeatatioB of any one perrafaunee t aad the manaMr foramrft a laek <^ spplainat a dry aigaMeaat aniMf at ao old joke, for which the andieoce ii4 been lybig tai wait for a «|nartar of an tw-f diaabatented aoaotenanaes, empty len^* and llftaliy the fall of the green ottMis* ta riaa «o fnove,«Blett aome one aMfllartb auMMM the erbwd. tofoke the ninae,and bM ew eortaln riie agito. The managar hai dvelt thna loog on th» M)ti«et, under • eMflpntliatlNN la^wattt of iUtity. wnttMlthe gentlemen e«ert themadve*. WHEN Denmark** PMnee appeara npon the ttage, . (At least we (earn so frofli gratt JMii^upeare'ii p^giO He steals with sloW and solemn malesty, And thus exelMids--«|$ be or nA to Vt i" But when the,Baker,f^^ loelrd llfMII; And seareely pot his fbnrth rootlii ih* gRMfWd} The audienee smiled^theaddt^vaa not iMpended| And here, I surely tbfNMt, th^MMr^ ended. Until your Paper IB seeohd nniilbilip«MM, Statinb ■ correwondcnt markid hoip Hme The dog appeared : and atraight desipea to be Infomi'd— ^*irtbis dog was, oi^wnailMjl* ^ That Glam fbrcsmr WdiU eooie wkkUttiibtt ▼Ue, And "need a IMewl to help him-«*er the aOW.^ I like year papece-p^herelbre dirl fenA.'bmt I,like your Gorreapondenta—*eanseiyptt need 'em. But give me leave, WmA Editor, n ,vN)rd, The man that asks aipiMtkm sofbsnrd, ihrbves that he luw a nranstroos l*dE of brains ; Tet, not to give offenee, 1 took the paioa To aearch out Glnro, an4 in a friendly way Ask him wha| 1 in aniwer now eaala say. •' Say,'* replied Ghiai, " I do not thfaik it fit '* To answerone 'Who 4mws so little wit." '* In tirath, in some teniMtt,'' l4Mdd, '^yon're r^^ *< BtttsdiFj^mnst iaiiiowledge, on Uiat night •' Noiie of thi tantei^ you aoJlM0y1^Wp4, '•Thnrnghootthe plajitKr ritheireMt«W<^'d.'^ *• Whi^ to be plain, l«a«eelf *«*« w '^AMit, th«ihe^«pMlbr^ ** llamph*>i> SrthiMEa'to ptnttle Me, «he tvMe, « Btat^ haire af£iin«lhe eettiiRM; •! Tell hhtt the IMbi^ejr, as i^t^ V Siv how miielK^Bisdlief there wenldaanily be, • .= «'tlnle|»:trwteare;w(W'':ta?enj|»^fc^^ r-'y-^r **.inW' iiiah.#i$Mteltll^aa^ , , ; - ''"- - :The^d£t having Mclnged to a baker at lfap|^M> v^tt^ift erilsd IgFthe mso. «t «• PlMtd Mr. Prambttn* «lM» Im tliMM t kMt# *< To gOMtl the door, aor tfwimrimftm. *• TiiM to bto poM tiM proflBnMr (fid voaqiri M Pligr>M or #likMt ft MMmi « Ho oMde Mm Pligr (OM dr#lilMwuM«Mill»r. •• Bat «h«ii for ilto BpllogM dte ourtiOl rOM, '« Woirkd wUh VMMkm. oriOalo otkofoiUio* <« lb Itft hh poM, »Im«, Hiodkliii M rrikw, *< TIm llnipor mim, tad Monpad iIm lady'b ptOM, «• Wbidi *o oonAind Im#, offMto woald MT« fooe, '« Had not llio nl|l«ft|H of •«■!* ii I jhril nnifw lat ftirti|i|>MJ|it im nrtt ' divi>BkTi. Wa ar« obliged to poitooaa the GkiiM^^niaed lii a9r -^r^ _^ TnnrraT Bn^mSS-it haa^iTlt tl» nlatiQBlf ktAtHm Mm. LAsiaua UcKaaAin'e latter iMv raaahad iu dJMitihatlob. - ^^^ WE owe an opoiogjr to Peter Trial, Jbr bavini delayed the idiartioo oT Ma latttr, until eo looK a time after the perfbwnawaeto whieh he aliudea. Tha>fiMt, ho««far« mm that w maaherour SeeoBdNtunbarhad been oeeapied by the affiiirs af the tliea^, thet we had baralrroom ia ouirt lamotioMft W mioagar'a airanlaf addrawi todwa ^nnd owaahraa oMifOd, Ui yutkm. to.. aonaspaBnean oq onier Bamc poaa tiur'letter whidi 'we^\ii^l|in»gij|,.wn»r readara, aa trail ai the OoUMr^ ~ anng hrMtmii. 8kiiM bim^V %hiehwiUbalbiiiidtathai EDITOB wiNinut cHBomcLfi. Snt— I aaanot help afpreadng thfMhiita dettebt I felt in wttaeMioff AaaoMftahiog perfbmianaa of Frtda* avantagv^'^'^ioMvf woaM hedtete tdttroiilMaaeasHp«rEiiN^I» averjr thing of «h» Ui4«fiiah ' It fat tlus eooattT^ aad whiah wll|pmi«%a ■orpaMcd bj mitm atroUata t«««rdi INI i|did and genial alia|iita<> w- 1'v^, The Norti C ie a r tf aTheatro^ v«i in maek ietatiwri^^atMl hr»|i'jjiM|t hl»*j> ^ (baa Coirant Oarddn or tkwflm»f V'*' ivaa adTfoiali^ 9«ar tliflaa aiiil^l^^ <(niatara% whiah» ar0i» their bitamal daOO' iMlana and duwltag ahanna* aaikaOC a^odi foa« hi qpitaaC:>,|M tbeb.andeavoara topro» aww a free vaadtatioa and a eool atnoaphafw, tli8»hava Mvar jfet taaefcded Hjce oor able ^iiaat, Hr. Craet, \m t|da vaqr oMeitkl aadpartianiarjioint •Baiirel'aonalMda. let eie ryeomw O nd lo ttoea ptrlbrmara w^ lukf e any diaibnea to raiara Mama .^fter the doort are ■hut, ud who RUHT have taken a» naeh retirnhment oli.dtt.l|o«N» alibrd^.lhitth4>y boon their mmtA Ujiim the prowling wolf, and the iMi»%lMMo«»boar, Htoixna all the h«n haadol^'wmar;. or, irbcn wa wonM meak or thaapr Mala, thm mf haw bwome fittor Olrt^M(liiM^tpit||li^ AAa lofaniUh ot with (hb awl* ^ k aih irablir ampUjment of re- aardhHrflmr aMrkb(kin%«iploita. 1 raSikiB,..lia. he. _ -_ . w ' ■ . ^ PmB TuAS. .. Wa woiiU w9K|li|^.«dinit to the eoaaf- danittqii^ wrtreof^iipandenUL both pMki^ poaWeA^Md ««ker«iia, wheiher thaM ba aa]raaiwH^ni»^wax oi^aMteuded^^ betw«a»1ha ktmmA^mftiiitttimmmn tba favt weak, wd hond*'> opM* b« •« tbal Npport to ttao BAlor," In. ko. V oad, «• '• ihoi Mppo*^" fco. ko., ban not iot booo aNbnkd, wo hovo Iboufbt, that if Ir. lodoont Piohi. Mottor^FoM-MMi 000 bo pmoilodoo to bo ofiin oorodvoooto, wo woold oMpiojr bim to movo in tbe ooort of Common mmo, thotoouoMllor Pnisla- woll bo ro<|«irod to ihow ooom why tho Ail- lloMmt of tho hwt toot io n a w oipreitod •• hoobooo, ondttUI it, doloyod. A von hiioniaw ooswor to Albert 1i enif> no hovMf teoo oUoolotod In monoMript daring the poet week. It remalni with at to pobli* the oathor% Mhition M wo oriiMly KOoived it> In ov'rv olime, remote or noor. Where w the eje of moo eon poer^ or fonerhl tue to homoo kind ProUflo woler yoa will Ind. Theatre Rogrnl, NorUi, Georgia. ON WBDKB8DAT NEXT, th* 94tl| inntant, WiU bo perfbnMd FoOte'o mneh odmhod Comedy of Wkh the OMUil oeeoMponfaBont of SONGS between thO AeU. Doore wiD «pon bt Half pott Six, ond tho PorfbntiMMo will begin ot Seven preelwlj. The UtMtiet hoo reoehrod F. R. 8.*e Pndogoo, and will eobMit It for OQosiderotkw at the fint BMOtfaigof tho Cowmktre. SONGS WBITTEN FO^ TRB KbBTit C»SbB<3lA THEATRE, JndSithff at Mr Peifirmanee onFf^iayttheSth of November^ QH ! whai eon ofliiiniMro wim fho hoaiiHyE Iho mom, oib MjRiiiMNiiitidoo hl^r-^ mi" ' aibeaaii'ftbal^wii evaa. il tho h^ thit wo pine. WhenAtriwa^ lErr thi Soi'i l^tatheiofltaaiilool Or,U^'daoghii^.^All Whoti dittant^ jU'dialMt, 6«iv iII>at^M^^ Flrpm tho fa«|Mlir Wlr««ide. and thofrlnd tfiat^ aipeeM » WI««WealbrA^Wp|^^aTO^ ,^ Or.bid*a.na.|»eoiMtcfmi«-aiMin.b«ii#n.!m^^ Tie thiiOiftiMiiloorhplMlrtthatbeiMM^^f^ thoeyea or. th7 daa|i^. Ihbr^i^;! . |ho^i^#t wo ^^^^ Tho'lhyaonibilheffieym^^ ' And t he fi im eof tliy ohietm ti f rO e Ouod ^ltOiri^H' t " Tho'natnnftOi^^aMiil^^bi tlt^i^e ift^ eombmea, " rar of tht glarjr aM oAlraoatihfaief . ' ' iilMf ^|i:tho;Mftiimi thjdanghton, fair rfhat hNotr fimr'tbo Of <• ! the land tfiat we putRr. ■A^ A ••«•••#«•••• or lb; tteafhltrib Air AlbloB ! the ImmI ilMt w« ptiM. J.-r SONG, MR. PAUIBB. IIAY, who but hai iMwd Uwl ■ tnM BrhMi ttr li kind to hh Imi, and rtgtrdi n^it a Mtr, Iritii « iMMt flm bi dM|*r» •*d MMUat hi lew? If aiwilM bjr ih« MaMM, or iomVI on Um wave. Baab Mr?* h tutUM bia vtiaal to lavo. He iwpaira lotba bolin to dirvat bar ariibt, _ Or atawla at bla qoarOfa, axpaatint tb« Stbt. Whb a baarl Arm fai ditian Mid aoMtant in iMo. Whan duty ia o'ar 'moafN bla maaaaMtea balor. Hia mirtb and good httnour aoaaaiioily flow. From a baait inn In danfir. and aonatant in lore. Ha pM|ia bla Ktafl in %ir bttinpcra of mtm, 8in« bla aonb Ibr good MIowatTp avwViot. Ei^a avVThoar, aa It paaiaa him bjr. VnwilUng tbo momanu nuira awifUy abouM f f , with a baart firm in dnngari and aonatant b lore. When eallM by bla aountijr. bo linnra no mora. But learhii tha Jojrt of bla daar nallva aboro, .With a baart Arm in ^nyar, and aonaunt in bm. > EmbaikatoaxploraHyporboreanaoaata Snrroandad by tea, and anfattarVI by iVoaU, Ronrdloaa of , Wintar^ parpatoal raigo. And praparad to anaonntar tba boiatarom main. With a baart flrn in danger, and aonatant in lova. No toll aan tobdua bim, no borrora appal, . A traa Uriliab Ur maato whate'er may bcfal, ^Witb a biwrt firm in danger, and aonatant to love. Again bo ■hall viait tbaland of hia birth, Preaa bia girl to bit heart, and indulging bh mirtiL Hit tratola ri«o«nted~-hia pitrilato'd o'er. Await tba high eall of bia eountr} iute mure. With a beartUrm hi danger, and oonitant In lovei And wi{ll tball old England remember her ion. Who baa addM new glorhit to thoMi she has won. With a heart Arm hi dangar, and aonaunt in love t ■ Wfaoao kWlI aver daring, ditoarta the prauil lea. That had no'fer bomo a uilp wnoe the World 'nn to be i And raided by PravMona* afill thall preat on; «,Ti" r """S!* "* WMk C«A*» that bu yet stopped eaoh ooti. With a heart firm in darger, iqid aonatant in love. Let Britona on thore, then, thnbright flolriag botri nil high to the Sailor nodaunted^ toQl. V With a heart Arm in dMigaiff'^and oonA^tln love t And may be, when rMomM^^froin tlia toilt of the wave. Find that Honour and Lova atlll await on the brave. Who dareaftr bii eoantrjr, bla Mends, autl his home. _By Freedom inspired, oV the wide oacan roan, WUh a baart Arm b dMgtr, md aooatantbi^^love. . «^ '"•'hyCapr. , Vv'-' •"HiJjV^ '^* ' *' ■ ' ■*''' ^.viSf* mmm^ ^m^.. ^^K^W "'"»'' fl"^)-' ^^^l^^TOP^Hf'^ - ' ■■"T'?fi'-Jf'''T(!f^T* 7*^^***^ i' "/'' *^ 'Vfr'^™"^ ••••••••••• •«••#••• No. V.--ilOJrilAY, NOVEMBER 29, 181i. \ TV the EdUtroftht WbiiO- Chmicte. . StS,— AS I wu iaduteing tlw othtr even' lof m prafiMnd eo(iU&ii, wh9tt enjlijring ar Mpr hj tli«flni<«d«,^lbtiinrin( lin«t« vniehl dO'BOt exMtly renwndwr i»h«re first to have wen, ttrodi mtow ny mind n ths fitttU^ nlje^ of IIm moneat : «« The Indian kaf ^'bri^fly Irtirn, **Bodoth mab'ailtm^fo weaknAiiitttrni ** The fire of yoiUKektiagtiiihed qaite,^ ** Coneswe, lik« eaibera drjr and vUte : " TbiiDk of thisaa joa take tobaofo." Seeing a vait, deti of truth in the above qootatiBn, and an ezeeliettt pietore of the mntabil^ of oar natiaret 1 trost, Mr. £di< tor, to be excoiedin teqaciting you to give Hpoblieityi thoogh I reeoUieet MMDiething •boat not Inierting thing* whioh aire borrotr- ed. lonlyreqaeat. then, to be informed, ere it be rdee&d, lii what book thew Hnea aroto belMiidf Mid fronvhiMBi they are eopied. Or, if yoa dMmld think fit, in the UttldpiiJiy of yoor eoneemi, to aubmit it to year eurteapoBdenti, and leave it to mndo one or oner of them, in their general ae> qnaintanee wHh every topie minnte, leani> ed, Mientifle or otherwiw, to i^cteet tiie eortyirt, and make an expoai of him in the foUoWmg week's Gatette, Too voald oblige, Ms. jiditor, be. fcow We have iOwrted Peter Fnmeli letter, in the hope that some of our eorreqHBndenta may know the dr^nal authcir of (he lines he has qnoted ; pr^bly Peter Fomeli ao> qoaintanee with them is derived irom tile samesooroe as our own, namely, from Bob Roy, where they are very aptly introdocied. Vol. I. page 90C. LAW REPORT. COURT OF COMMON SENSE, Jbi the Came e/'Editor o. Non«Cotttribators. Hia tordddp being aeated, Cqiinsellor PuateweU rose, and addressed the Cowt asibllows: Mx l/«s->'I shBI not ocirapy yoor lord- lUp^time krMlioiw^KgmjM^uim theDouasol fiv«^ lhaL.|>temtfi^ tiMMpgh^ thft «»t««#^ W^iw^Mfe^^rom «* eoosi, dershiflMMirto havepii^ ttia%%the eiis« torn of jtbis^mrt, i|i|1b«aiMiilt on my elitats. JfThe NoiiKiC^trlNi^ to pf- to^ Ait Mlppwt, m. ate., tti delay <^ whieh is the subject now before yoor lord- ship ; nor shall I question the rkht whieh he has claimed to the fulfilme nt orthe promise whieh L was iostrueted to make, and did make, in their name. No, my lord, how- ever rmdy 'and able I mavfeel myself to controvert these points, and 1 doubt not to your lorddtip's satis^aao, yet as my elieatt have tbooght fii raUier to eoneede then* I shall eoi>tent myself with moving your lord- ship ikw! the court j that certain affidavits be read, with which I am furnished by my clients^ and whichrt have no doubt will be aceonnted by yoor lordship most satisfactory reasons (br the delay ; and will be deemed sufficieAt to entitle them to such further in- dtjgvice as yonr lordship shall be pleased to grant, and fbr wbieh I aminstroeted to solMt The affidavits v aSbrd { that what With thetime neeesiarihr oc- eopsed hi three n^lar mMb, and two uttle oiiea per ds^, a two honrs* nap after dinner, and another after eolfee, wiib all oeeasional dose fai tiie forenobn, toMtb^ IriUi the da- ties (tf his prefearion ill %m| jdmes of eon. stent aetivSty, ho mOat tnvSty, tbiM ho hath aearef^beett alii I idepoaetb, rsnateh bis ten hours test at bight, la|Mi less to employ any poitiao of hiawaaelsiMNitriimUng tothe general amneaiji^. Tlw detioneoti how- ever, fiirther saKi^i thit notw^ttanifflng his nnmerans and ifi|lln^eai|lle awboa^ions, he hath actually Boaawed to od|^|^ «aAh of the midpfl^perl, wUiethafeapp^irad; andin thus haftng l^veo J| lif* ititeanoe and patronage, he coiidmr* Umldif m entitled to the farther faida^pMi of ^e coart TAe^l^ldiinJt^ Gregory Gripes. TbhrdtepoQentnidMdioatfL and siuth, that ever since the propoiala for a newspaper ap- peared, be basbem so frtevonsly sAieted witlKa gihi inhis rtoma^, (which pafaidodi still Oonthtue,) that heliaa been, ofterly in- capable of eOnti'RMthig any tiiim towards the #ipportof the said paper) oTall which hei«na4y* if i»faired| to bring Into court eertiftoileafBoCa^mefKealaMHiwIio have attflodOd him. This deponent trasteth that the court will tdce into it* gracious emsider. atioHy boiNhBKpossiblo it is for ii man (OAt- tempt ib iuilHa other pooiite, wl^» hi Um . ;j "• I-"- 1.^ • . >»;, s. ■^-« , .1 «JlSf 2? en rmdu follows: •ftir !• Ikboating ander • hoAify iaeoareni- ence of this peoaliar imtare. The Affidavit of IMft-ciH Le«T»«boat. This deponent mak«th oath wid Mkh, that after having more than half-writtea two or three paper* ibr (he Editor's box,aDnieeTil« diipoavd peraoB or perigiu did, aa he be* lievef, durin|[ his abaeooeoo a walki steal •way I'roia him th i said papers, and that h* hath neTer sioee been able to gain any Intel- l^enee ot the same. This deponent furthentaore deelareth, ditt saoh thefts or trim have been so often prae^ tised upon him and hw eflTeets, lint he doth no longer eonaider any part of his proper^ safe oatof hi« h*nda fornpe ndoment; nor is his eomplaint Mnfined to the loss of pro- per^ alonei but of time idsa^ which ia wholly Uken ap k seeking one stray artiol* after another. This deponent thereibre prayeth tbeeoairt to take into its most serious eoiMideratkM tin uwoiMrenienQe both to himself ami the pab> lie, whieh results from theM prMeedingsi and tbiit it will be pleased tp tsike such stms as it May, in its wisdom, deeU most effra. tual to.?prevent the reoorrenceof the said annuyance. THm Jiffidaadtof Simon Sidrophel. This deponent maketh oath apd 8ail|i,thB( beHig fQom the beginnipg extremely ^eai- rooa to eontnbnte towarat the jupjpbit of,' 7%emfim' mramk, he was d^rmifi# to.aeareh the heavens and| the e«i^ nNr.4 sobjeet; and thereibre betpgk himself (o Uie' stady of the globes, In hopes of 'there stuni*' Uing qpon aotaething suitable to bii purpose, The deponent devoted his Jrit itttntioa to»- the eelestial globe, and fari^Ml^: ki|fii|ed thf amttance of ever;en|Milljrttig{ii-^tt^ ti^Jalineat^d, but, without suMeaa. i Tfift Cmi^ Bear treated him^ in a maini9f too vim to be repeated, and the LitUe^eir ftpte adntKul eub,) foUovred hit enunple. Tanrns tcislea himi Aiies butted hiog^ and he waa tbmleft .spjravliog1i«tweenCa»6tr ind P^llttx. This qsaliel^s pair of rogtua pre- teiidiog fiiendship, l|^ the deponent oii^iai, pelwptn>ly,t}|| be^ndhimseiria thoebkws of Canteft who pindied him most nnmerei- fully, and determined him to have nothing more to do with the oonstelltitions of die Zodiac. Pegasus was the next whiphapf peared, and the deponent, withont nWe 900, resolved to mount him, and at onee to awieh the Chronielfr by a tide to 9«nitf«n» —but this attempt had near cost hin»J|k 11%, for he had seareely moqnted, when P%iMa threw hiuk elenn over his head, nfiMldisi^' ^ted his r^ shoulder. Ths d^ttJiqiiniL ing thus sani«; i^^ whiML any fturther deky w«s fwMdden on nmS the dii|ileasore of die court >* (^ Wednesday erenhw wae perfinndl P#Me's eetebtatedVome^f of die £^^^ *^!^..* i?Tj^'"?fW. deasr^don V fi SM*$|^t by Mr. Beochey, tii die character of a intor, and which wmipi great Kn^me- meat ': ■■ ., Ae the Oranatis Persoms have apt yet appeKce«| in our paper, we nor jt^ theni. tt-^t Old Wilding, Mr.Ni4 Young Witakig, Captain SABtn. PsirilHon, lifr.^Mnr. Siv James Elliot, Mr.WAXiiUK. WQHEir* Mils Gttmdiam, Mr. RoMb Mi^Ckidfr^, Mr.: mi* W«% UBItyAHTS. Messrs. HiUB a^ BimnrAV. As tuim we have been abie tohMMrOt tiili evenfaig's entertainment went elT even bett^ 'than that with which our theatre opened, and win, if nos*ibiet reeeived with nuMW rapturons apnmne. The JUdr n a play which requires eonst* dmMe qoiekness end anbMaUon hi Ae pw» fi^taMNMeri and fai this respect so moeh did the peribrmers appear at home, that We feel confident they may now attemnt an* pkMr which die dmttlBHljftk^aft^b. ' It is aartitttierly tilHskig to oJiai^i tttt InteaWt wbieli tolatioBson the ability, spirit. Mid gopdlia- niKMr, with whieh our theatrieal amnse- ments have hitherto been eondueted, and oar hearty good wishes for their long And Meeessfut eiMitinaanee. /T« lAe EdUor qf the Winter Chrmiele. ^ Sn— -In gomg from the ships towards the observatory the other day, I ehaneed to staroble on a bundle of papers. On exami- nalioD, I found them to consist of a number (tf fragments of letters and odier seran, some m pros^ and some in verse, evidently intende«i>t*> U they lie befwe me. for insertkm if jioa «Unk proper. Should the Uwfof owner of idle and papers make application to yte' for ttem, I will endeavour to stuff the whole bundle by pieee.meal|pto your box, on the first DOtiee^ are pleased to give to your eoutnt nader, Rigbaui Roak-abovt; FBABwnt, No. I. am^Having puzzled the little brains I have, to no porpoae, fiir a fiwtnight, I did * May not this be the identieil packet wbidll Mr. little-oare Le»v»«boat eon- eehrea to have been stolen from him. (see his afldav^) but which may in reality have ^dimpitd om of hia poeket daring bis walk i at length attempt the other day to tcrambiA nnpereeived a note into yonr box ; but, after attempting for some minutes to m»\te it fall into the Mit, I found, to my utter astoniah- ment, that it refused to drop through, nnd actually rose again as oflen as I attempted to thmstltint so that, after repeated endea« vours, I had the moitifieation to be obliged to withdraw my maiden contribution, oit hearing a footstep approaching. 1 am much at a loss to aeeount for this extraordinary, and to me alarming phenomenon, unless it be, that in the present eold, and therefore dense, state of the atmosphere, it must, ac- cording to the laws of floating bodies, require Cromething of considerable weight to fall into Jour box; 'whereas, my production being, as confess, one of the lighten things tanagina' ble, rose in spite of my endeavours, and would probably, had it not been stopped by the housing, have S08.red into its owii native region j among the elouds. Being much dis- conraged by this first attempt, I wish iMiy of your learned correspondents, who have in- strueted us so mneh on the sulgect of intense cold and its effects, would give me a hint whether the phenomenon I have alluded to might not have proceeded from some other cause than mere lightness. At all events, should my first apprehensioiu prove correct, I will emieavourto take example fttmPhilo- Bophicus, Philo-Oimus, Philo-Somnus, and the rest of your PhUo-eorrespondents t and have no doubt I shall in lime be able to pro- doee somethihg heavy enoogh to piin admis- aion into your box, and perhips even to de^ aerve inaertioa in yoor pagea. FBAomiiT, No. n. Adte i f Ht eit mi ii,*-1a preparation, and short* ly wHf bd'eiraulued i^tis, fiir the benefit of ill coitribiitnn to TAe ffeiAlfChr^nide, and (ritwoirietely tSba younger ones, a ^mplete ItIC alpbabetieidly arhii^, of the most ap« provra anonymous rignatures, ad«nted to every anbjeet that is likely to employ the pens of the saio eontribntors, by (As the author could not find a sicnature fat; this advertisemenDt, I «m afraid this pre- mised list !■ in no very forward state.]| ' Theatre Boyal, North Georgia. ^ ON WEDNESDAT, DEClSMBBilT'l819, «itt be Performed the Farce of Tmii CITIZEN. MEN. OldFbafM^ Mr.PABsv; 8lipJ»AwWJMIiig, Mr. Niij. BcMfert, Mr. WuoSm. YooagPhilnoL Mr. Wi^. «oanf Wldhi|, MnHofWM. Di^, Blr.GUmiMr^QailMrive, Mr. BoMtAir. WW, Sir. mx«i. . VOMBM." Mari^ Mr.SoQnn. Cm^uu, Mr. Bom. TTitJ Mitt>r |liwwiii>inTinnnt nf nnngi hrtirrnh fhfr flfifi pom t» be 9pm§44itMa^iim$»t ««»<*« Curftrfn wi» Hn firth's «* «•*«" ^*^- Jv, . rther day to tcramUA I yonr box ; but, after linutet to mnke it fall to my utter astonish- to drop through, and ften at I attempted to ifter repeated endea* Seationto be obliged lien contribution, on oaehing. 1 am mack for this extraordinary, benomenon, unless it It eold, and therefore Bosphere, it must, ae- loating bodies, reqiiire kbie Vieig^t to fall into f produetion being, as ghteu things Imagina' myendeHTOurt, and not been stopped by ed into its own native ids. Being much dis- ttempt, I vish iMiy of [idents, who have in- the sulgeet of intense onid give me a hint non I haTe-alliided to ided from some other »'ess. At all events, lensions prove correct, e example Anm Philo> s, Philo-Somnus, and kcbrrespondents t and n Um« be able to pro- endngh to gain admis- i peniftps even to deo T, Mo. n. preparation, and short* tktis, Ibr the benefit of !%t ffeeklf ChrOdclet anger ones, a ^mplete ki^d,or die most ap« ignatures, ad«pted to tely to employ the pens B,by Id not find a sicnatore , I «m afraid this pro* •••M ••• ••••.•••••••• No. YL— MONOaY, DECEMBER 9, 1819. formed the Farce of Ta the EtStor of the Winter Chronicle. SiH— A remark which appeared in yonr nrst Number, that you were willing to " ad- rait qoestions which may exercise ihelncenaity of your readers," Ico,, has encouraged meto propose One, which, perhaps, may be con- sidered as answering that description. It is •aW that htstimees have oconrred of the sink- rfS^'*^* "^ this in sets (fill? example, those or Spitzbergeo a6d Davl^ Straiu) nearly as Hit as tho main ocean, and of which the temperature i^ seldom Or rtfever more than t«n degrees abovo the freesing point of aalt- vater. It is evide&t. thM the rae rannot sfaik till its specific gravity exteed that of the flhU la which it is immienied. I shoald he ghid to be infbniie«1 by any Of your eoiinespon-p denu, by what possible cOnlhiriatiori Of eir- comstanees so ondMal * eondUSoa mMt be brodght about. I atti, Mri Editor, , Ice. be. tec, SCBPTICCa. ^ at SntHtfclKk. J^Oe Editor 0/ the mnter Chronicled Mr. Evn^oa— I wish yoa well-indeed 1 *»-*ot the fMM I try to eoaopose any thing »r the paper, the more 4t«pid,lfi9d,ii|yseir» Heing desirous, however, to y,»l»o« P«B« have eertidnly no point at aU. I eoofoss that tbOpens of most Of ymir CorretpMidtflitineqaim Ihde or no mend- ioR, hat eseti the^ii' thena wodid not be the worst for a freah'nib^wbieh might, per. haps, se$ theia tf^^oing vHb ftcih vigootw ■0 If voa dMMwe to enpNy i»e jn H&mr. yon shdl be weleonae «l»tf^ Kitmbleservieea of FortbeJI'htUrCkrmiek. To the Right HoMnrable. the hoti Chief JnsUee, Mtd the Wonhipfhl Court of Common 8^, tb^^morial of J«arina. dakeTfim,Ronhrierofpteadhi|ii;tM.fco. Humbly sheweth. That by the exere'uK of the jwid eallfitt^ yoor memorialist hathHvea,1iii«id ewSt Md report, ontil the Imt week, vfaen year D memorialist discovered, in the publieiMipersi a statement of your loidship's decision, pur- porting to have been taken by himaelf. In a cause recently pendhig, belwe your lordship and this honorable court; whehw^ on tlie day aforesaid, your memorialist was confined at home by urgent business. Your memo- rialisl bath since discovered the decision above-mentkmed to have been erraneonsly suted, as year lordship then declared that defendants were entitkd to indulgence; and, in your goodness^ were aceordiiM|iy tdiwsed to grant them such further delay aa they mighl themselves think requisite : That the said ineonrcctoess, arishig. as voiir memorialist beK«ves, fi^m the repMter tea thrown oat of emplOjhlDent. ': That these disikershariiig beftllt^ ytidr raemMifolitt,! n eomequeilee of 'il» IMtKttMi d« of hh ««»«^ th« £r t^^m^fS memorialist huilMtlMieli that^kdrfiiS. ahlp^#lll b* ideasiif^to i«l« ^tWSS;, im bill of damages, such mmt Aa your fej>^ ship shall consider a snfll^nttcinaneratlon and compel the said fietitiolism^rimto par tbeaame^ or else to take yborii^ol rnlistVwilb, and six hangrytntiuoff hk bands. And year Memorialist will ever pni^ «ce. IkclM. Taor.'- Bitt •/l)antage9referredtoinlhe^gtlHg Toasevire fit of head.acli,on reeeivioB news ofthe sad affair. /* To a two houra' lecture fhmi my wife, for daring to be sick without her leav/. ' ?P^''£??iot7^'^*^ •" "^'^ To the rme f- .^o femAle belfaid^siHgera. a bankruptbe. render, and a do* with! To_Uie iosa of fitrty-eMit howi' sleep ah«a4y, arid the probable Toss of as munr more. ' To the^fiare of a broken nose, tiro black eyes, and aseratched face, received front mr wife (br letting her ttdOe e6iii|rln stove k^ ^^m^^^m^^i"'^ ■ ^^j^^tmmwmmm'Kio^ts^M '■.■™ Wr^- ^ ' 28 To toUl loM of bwinen, impedinmU, nbrtruQlioni, Ice. fce. eauied by the mid fraud. ADVERTISEMENTS. WANTED, a middle aged Wottu, not above thirty, of good eharaeter, to iniit in drewHng the ladiea at the theatre. Her aa- hit^vrUI be handaomei and ahewili be al- lowed tea and anall beer Into thfe banain. None neefi apply but aueh aa are perwetly aeq^ainted with the buaioeaa, and ean pro- d^ee . undeniable refereaeea.— A lint ad- dr^aaed to the Committee wHI be dniy at- teu4^ to.— N. B. A widow will be pre- lt;i agent to tb«! Editor. ^ Pleaae tio i^^ oia or beforf Thoradi^ evening ni»xt. ...,->,, , ,,, ,. s ......,-vr^. -'■■'■■ "^- ■■■■ i ' . L.pSi;„on M&oday cveniiw jwt.bf»wewi UieUwo a^,al»A III^ ofalETtESl^ nv- iiq; an WKOunt of tl praeeiodiBga of the Esr n^itiOB, with othei ii^«t*» of a privat* iw- ture, »^ beginning *r]4y4eareat 8«Mo.*frf WMBoprj^ fiHSS tlmpamf, IB refneitedlo ad%4|»Ut.AlWpabw. _ ■ 'M.% TiifleUiiFiaor am mm toaoy bo^f h^thf owner, v.,. l^,lflCH0l«AS KNOCKDOWN, at the OhpervatflfT* on the oOMeat day k» Japttaiy next, A qUANXranr oCNANKBEN, the pro. per^ of a^gatttlemai^ who eapeemd to get into theiPaeifie in Sentemer laat. \<* Flanneiaand forawai be gladly taken aa part payment. , ACCIQEKTS, OFFENCES, fcc- iJ?afitr<%—Thi8 morning CanitVulpe»''t a K^te prisoner, ^ho had men ccnfihed in the Barrel aueeeeded ineffeeting his eaeape» by breaking the ehaii) with which it tid hien fiMBd* the sbipa diiirh^ the witttiiH'. t '*Hi$ hoaiawain piping to breakfast. 29 IV hen lorrawi intrade Oii oar peM«, When wrong by mxietT** wound. Her endearmeoto prooore at releaw ; How aweet U her tenibmew foand i Man it gifted with firnnefi of miod. In dangen sod triampM to ihart. But eaeh beaobr nd loAneM eombined , OiitiagnWi the ktreljr and fair i All the loul-winniiiK graees and love* On BriUinl fiilr fontatept attend ; And when Beauty too tranclent remove* With the Virtoea, above, they thall bleod. JVr the Winter Ckrmdde. «* Com widte for the paper," the Editor eries, (I 'Tia Tbonday— my boB hat no atnfflag." End dien your box, u at preaent It lie*, la Jatt like my head, a mere pafflia ! I have not one jot, or one atom of brain, At tbia preaent moment of writing) Andwhilatlaodreadfallyatupldremafai, > Tianonaenae to tUnk of inditing. Should a aoMTt wiffir thought ever happen to l%ht. By deaign or by raanee on my akoll. Too, then, may rely odH 111 inatontW write, Aod jnat giv« yoa the sutgeot in fall. liRvu-BKua LicK'wn. .^ ■s/' RefiectioM on teeing the Sun tetfor a Period of three Months, Nffoemher^ 1819. BooBD yon glorinaa orb, whoaefbebla ray BCodu the proud glare of Summer^ liveber day t Hi* MMD^ide beam ahot opward thro* the aky, Searoe giU* the vanlt of Ueaven'ablae eanopy— A fidnter yet, and yet a fUnter light— And lo ! he leavea ua now to one long eheerleaa a^t ! And ia U*j|loripm eoqras fiw ever o^er! And ha* he aet iadeed~to riae no more r To ua no more ahall Sprinf^a enlivening beam, Unloek t^e fbuntaina of the fetter'd atream— No more the wHd bM earol throuj^ the d(y. And eheer yon moontoiaa with rode melody ! • •'•••••• Onee more ahall Spring her energy reaume. And ehaae the horrora of thia whitry gloom— Onee more ahaU Sammiar'a animating ray Enliven Katnre with perpetual day-- Yon lodhat orb, wii^aelf-inherent light Shan rhe, and dini^te the «hadeB or night. In peeileaa q^endonr rc-poaaeaa the aky, ■-■ AnddiSaebcenovatadmiyea^. la yon deputing brbmethinka I aee ',., j A econtarpart of frail niartali^. baMem of maa ! when Hfelt deeliafatg aoa Proclaima tUh awful truth, « ThjT m» it run !" Hto ann onOe *etr-4to bright eSblgenee gone, Alt, allla darknea»-«* U ne'er had ohoaa ! Yet not^ etwr la man^ gloiy ted. Hi* name for ever * nambered with the dead*—- . Like yon bri^t orb, th' immorUl part of maa SUall end hk glory, aa it flrat btwin,— liEeHiia, eneUfdi^iaeeleaUJlight, , Shall rite triumphant *mida the ahaile* of nigh^ Her native enor^a again reaume, Dttpt the ditjl^ #lciter of the wnb. And, bidding dAft with all ita terroreflr. Bloom b perpetual Spring thro' all oteralty ! .h,\ >.» a ■ H V ■mf^^' ' ' '|)MWWEBHiiawifc'a'jJH.a!Ea 30 • •• t »••••• •• ••■ •••• No. VIL^MONDAY, D£CEMBER n, 1819. Mb. EBiToa^Tboa(h I hive wit the pleuurt! of your penoiuu MqnainUnM, v«t tbt) taTonralAe impmtian 1 W9 rawhmi of your hanumhy wMn yoa iottrtbred to wt« tne I'roia tbetonMirwIopentioareeominviid- od by PhikMo^hieiu, emboldena me Ui apply to ymi tor adviee in a ea^e where not Only my tuir, bat ikin, oaroaw and all are in danger, amidit the borron of Winter, of being redaeed to aihes. You mutt know then. Sir, that a eertain gentleman, (whom I will not deacribe to you as a sedate looking tort of a man, wkh a thin face, and so on, beeause that m%ht seem to result (him ili-natnre,)— this gen- tleman I say. Sir, takes partieiilar del%ht, when I am sleeping before tho fire, in put- ting a hot einder under my th^, and then laughs most heartily t6 sett ma ran awajr, holding it but, froih the sense of pain, tmtil I amfully awake. Now, Sir, I have endur- M^ tins and similar trieksibr some time, and, though often meditating' retaliationj I dare not execute it, as the result of biting his legs, besides perhaps bre'akiuK my teeth against the bones, would be hanishment firom ti>« fire-sMe, and I would submit tb any in- dignity rather than forfeit so great an adran* tage. I darie uy you participate somewhat in my feelings; bnt to put the case autre ■tRNigly, suppose, Bfr. Editori aomawlgh^ when yoa were sunk hi sound apose, shoohl chip a hot eonl antler you 1 Now, this was just my case the other night; and, aal am a poor helpless hmooent* u you ean inform me how I can obtain revenge, eonsistently with my interest, oi' es e ap e the future per- seeotioa of my tormentor, yoa will confer a deep obligation on PmCBBB. "Hieatre Royal North Ceorgia, On Wednesday evening, r'le FAree of The Cmxeli was played artth a spirit and sneeess fully equaUinjg. the expectations M whiebiflie.fbrmcc pf r^rmaiuni^ a| this Aea- b% had (^ven rife. . Waeapoot omit to no- tice eipeciairy the animation and effeet with which the ver^ difieult scene waa earrie< through, in which. Old^ipot is discovered under the table in Coriniw's lodginpi dur- ing alt this scene the noose was Kept In con- tinual laughter. Two songs were introduced at intervals-- the well-known one of « Arthur (^Brad-^ ley," by Mr. Beecbey, and a. new song written for the oeeaaion, and sung by Mr. Palmer, to the tune of <* The Bay of Biscay Theatre Royal, Nortli Georgia. ON THURSDAY, DECBMBfeB 2d; I8t9. Will be peiibrmed Garridc'k eelehrated Faroe of THE MAYOR OF OAtlBATT. MEN..'-' ' ,.- Sir Jacob Jollup, Mr-Niaa. Mi^ Stot^geon, Mr. BtmnrAV^ Jerry Sneak, Mr. BncBsr. Brain, Mr. WAUntAX. Crispin Heelti^, Mr. HiruB. Matthew Mug, Mr.PAUT. Lhit, Mr. BaVfiBUT. Snaffle, Mr. GRunna. WOMBN. Mrs. Sneak, Mr. Hoorb. Mrs. Brain, Mr. Rosa. . M<4>, &c. Ice. After which will be represented, ah entire new Musical Entertainment, written expressly for the occasion, called THE NO]|TH- WEST PASSAGE r TME roTJioi rimsmo. MEN.. Seamen o/* the BtcUx. Tom, Mr. Nua. Harry,, Mr. GBiittna. Bill* Mr. Pauibr. &amen o/(ft«GMAp*. Jack, Mr. Hofrinni» Dick, Mr. Wionux. I^andlord, Mr. BmnaAB, Brother to Sosan, Mr. Hvu». An Esquiannx, Mr. HtnM* . - VOMEN. , , ^■'''' Susan, Mr. Heiinii. Nl, Mr. Boas. Doora wilt be opened at HalC past Sbi, and the Cartain will rise at SeTeae^eloek precisely. ~T~wr^' SI ••••#•••••••** ADTERTI$EMENTS. ^ WANTS A PLA^.a Gentleaum, who wtti nndertak* to write DOGGRBL VBS- 8ES fbr tlM rHBATBB or NBWSPA- FEB. WUI aoolnM to write bj the fbot, yard, erfitthom. PtaMe to applj to O. P., next doortoCh Frkitin| Oflee. No eomieKiea with Siinoa BWRKJIiaui^ Albert orQ. WANTED, fiir the on Of the Feribm- en. a aOMideraUe PORTION of A88UR. ANCEt aho a qoaati^ of aonnd ntantire ■■•"!"7» (forr^alra) at ner yard. Any apadraaa poMekw a MtoeraboadaMe of thew reqoidtea will Go treated with m libe- ral terou. Apply to the GoMadttM. AN AflMteor it dcaitMa of GOOD VOICB. with i«M nMMgemeat ^AppliMttioa to be made at the Glob Boom, P4»«treei, priof to Chriytnaa Ete. ACEEABRATBD Liter nbanetor hat proetued, during an exeunioh amooc the^Sian, Mine *ety BBIGHT IDEAS; vhlah hemeanstoKibmittothehnpeetioii of hie Meadaandthepablie, tai theeoane af the eMBliig week "^ A GBNTLEMAK. kbooriog nnder the BBeonyeaieMe of ah inerMtweorporatibo, 32"" ""^J^Jfe VOTE and INTEWr at Iheti^tCITY EUBCnON toanyperm wnwring the eompteint wMwot a vMnetion J**^l«n nay be obtahied at the Pttvp "•~~ Bath. fbr'ito -l^ST. Stolen, or Stngr«d, a WHITB ^OX^ with a tang tail and a longeedtaijit be toaaewhere on the tdand, or on the ioe in itt imnuidhte neighboorhood, he mi^ eaiily be found. AddreM to G. E. No. 8, North Georgia. A GENTLEMAN, who haa eMbavnor- ed to begnite the tewous wintry hows in praetiting loaie pieees of muie, preaented to hia> by a fidraod mnah etteemed friend, hating been pedttUariy vnibrtonate ia break« ingthe ttrinnof hfeTiolin, wishes to par- ehaaeONEof the FBLINB SPECmS, to order to replaee (hem. Inqviry to be made at the Aeademy of Atta and Seimeea. aiiaweia totha OtJack. AsheranM LEFT, behind the gaenea, idker the pertomunce, on Wedncaday evening, a BOX, eontaming a pareel of eoafitt, two bdttlea of lavender water, a nvall paehet of rooM, aome white powder, five artifieial teem, one pair of eye-browi, three lam moitoahioa, with whiiken to eorrc^^ondt sixteen papers of eoart plaster, a silver thim> ble, ma^ E. R., a pair of ladies' garter^, senm gold, ringh Willi varioaa stones, one having the deviee of two hearU transfixed with an arrow, three smeilbgbattlnsb a |Mhi< eoshion, a pah* of enrUngjIraot, severs! Mt- tl«a of roae-water, and varions other per* fanPMMi with a nomber of smaller artiolea, among whieh is a reoipe for promotiag the growthofahewd. The onrnermay have it again, hy d- ; -^..arj^-^^'.jyt-.yii^^ S9 M ••••••• M«M***« • p.. h III * Fint«ldD«ddf Flitlpot'miMtottwiaf in, • At Ull •nd M sUf u • hoDHMick, Whh wo-b«|QM TiM|t, Ikok •hops lad loo| dib, He for aU Um world lookM like the pktan of 8i», Or Ifte « DMili't iMad OB a mop-Miek ! IV. «• Adwwiu !'* qttotfi Ifarii,* •* thh bodj wont meet » '• Hew die dtMO dnll I e'er get njr MMh on r •• TImmo tboeiare tooelnnuy hjhtMtatmf fMtr— *• So dp what I will I ihell neter look nett, < t " It% enoth to pt Job in » poMt enl" V. r'y thraoomea the joang Ck,* bi h !• eoet of light graoo, (JVbMi btn»t 't*nd.fin- winter4ec?uitiei and haying aeareh' ed diiigentlie toe ye aame, by GoA good, neiae, and our pilot'a akille in marine affiiirea, we eame to anebiM- in a goodlie hay. wlmro by dircra Mode ofaaerrationB ve did Ind Uie b^tofy* Northern Pole near mfmkf and^Ve degress; Mere wee did abide about nine months and haviM good aton of provfauonu (beside deere and other meate that wee did kUle) wo wanted §» nothing b«t emphMfoient in this oar icy prisonoe, tnd that oar eompanie m^t not runne bto miteiijefjt for hiek of hilwltie, wee dU eontrivo aondrie joecne plfMforoar men:U4iialang.inaomaeh that UsH%;lmcMe the d«rf| eooid netftr «ihie Uie aaeendaneie. Bat ^kere wet« thr^ of 5S" •«»P»»,«»» ogmianie (•ho ia w«e did eoneeive did enterdafne aeeitt eommn- nieation with hi* Worship} iHio yiUed Mt to ioyne/with jaa hi ifaSa dor hibiritk, albeit they did not ftfl to benefitte dtorcbyo without any pains by them t4tp. ^heisf upon, oar enptaine, fh»evrin§ tho MMpd lastlie order them to be ahortlie^viiimmd, like men m a garrhnnno who ytlTnQt 6glit the enemie, e eommnnitie, & %ommi^« nitie^ Ut not boanden to beneatte them. » So tney're ehc^pca grew more leane than otdi< nahtto, and likewiae theyre leasee wUdi aaosed them to wax exeeedhig wrMh, and m oxeetding merrie. Albeit, onr eomaaM* MMhhig heeding Iheyiv indignatioa, did oaoaa thevM eheokea to be singed wkh a red- hotiflhmnne, fashioned after tho lettors K. C. (whose meanfcig^ beiM iio sdwtar, 1 could not firthome) by wbiei oar (Meadea in old Bhglande might aske and knew iboyto hla> tarle. After this fiMhioo w*e iDd IttnM theyre InaetiTide to oor own merrimentOk and dU loeompaase the Devil and hia Imptii; by taming thevre oa^n weiiponea against '.nemi I .* k in moeil to be regretted that no mora of thbeorimn maAoseript is le|^blo t far, th« old navigator seem to have been ptaeed in a situation so exactiv similar to oars^ that I doubt not we m^^ |mve reoeivod many useful hints from their experienei^ bi addU tion to those I have transenbed. ;i am, Mr. Editor, x our obedient Servant, •r. Ti th$ SiBtor of M« mni0r CkrmUcle. Bim-4 regret to aaquaint yon, that hi eon- •e^uenee of the ehief jastiee having raptor- ed a blobd-vessel in a violent fit of launte^ oeoat^on^d by weiog Coansellor PuizieveH outer the bai| with a «onimtpoporeaphead. 9««aaaitthi|ata taUeflMiof mej audi aooo «Jif«»»rt*' »^ MefkeyeTa • fine rransy raUing.** Ho iMd ftdicet of pwer before hfan, on whieb bit hoMl weonmiPody wandered »|tha dower or more nmid notion, a* the hridit ideu wemed to fioat on hiotatelleetiial dgbt. Af- ter a paow of a tpm moment* he Iwpii, bat I unit ever revr«^tbat the tone, the cneity of the voiee, the exprenfan of the dark eye, the fieree animation of the eoiintenanee, eannot be eooTeyed by worda. He began aafidlowi: <• Tin moon, resplendent orb, I wcon, " Shone brillfaut, like— — — — ** Like, like, let me see— I have it « II like oor aoap tureen { «The ahaggy wolf Malked on the ihore "like, **Uke wbatf for I matt have another simile — boatwraloa— no, no, he"* too dark^-etop I on remedy tha»— *» Like boptewain daobVI wkh lime or floor. *< The ittu« lialf qoeneb'd, aeitoi aaatttered - there , ., (i"t- One'* eompMlBOM ahonU be natnral, atriking, eaai^ flowing tato the verae. ftaah a one haa jolt popped into my head, and III go over it oaee again. «• While in the hollow ahipa we lie, «' Like peara or bleekbirda in a pie t •• Or Ilk* that flab ao moeh renown^, •• That on the Corniah eoaat ia found *• A POahard bight— who aame aa we •< Pcepe thraogh the enut, the atara to aee." Jndge iay Aaappointment, BIr. Editor, when the dkinor.lieil ringtaig, ttaited the poet ftwn biar«v*i4et Oat, If before hia reat«*ee gtawed with Aebillean firc^ tfwy now a aen m ad the ghtfc of the bongry tiger i and, idonbt iftbe latier would hafre outdone bia apiai hi "feaahfaig th* dhHior Iom , to nwwli rM M WW ¥» ThMM tka CornUi •mM io nrtriM ibaiM^ A pilclMrd biglit, w|m>, mike u mggM wt, Pmm ihraoKli the criHt, the MOM «mI Man to ••• t And hMMW, vj pM»l«, ktcn mmI ilMuri Hav* thajr, at ««, aami oft^Umaa aa|i^ W« BMHUr tvlM 00 cmIi revohiag^, Like ■hepherda who take «are their floafu doa^ Mngr, We keep a waiak bjr Blcbl, I'd have 700 kaaw, B«ttha» lia like a waMi that doaa aat |0. We take eaeh oMal at ita aeeiMtOMiU hour, What kuMT aoaa aMMia aweet, botwiw taMaa nur. Oar appetRoa haM left ■% moeh like tkota Vraaa whfoaii pale siakaeia Meala avajr kaalth'a rata ! Bat aot like tbaaa we i le e p fer,%aew, we wmm Like MMa whekaawMtkow toaleep btfiwe. That do we watab, tat, drinic, and idea^ anaia. And thaa, wa watab, eat« drink, and ■liap i^gaift^ —To driva thia doll noaatony awagr. Onteefvrirfiirtiiigkt we getupa pfanri ' DelifktfU bottle, eath fine weart a taHa, Then'h aooriU like plan dull tadMMM t» baMiila % Wkh tprinf^ rtcora, I trait theyll mil batand A retord how fodd kaaaaar aM^ I ' \ ■m ''1^' i Aad ikew that aiea, who ti^e tM) propor Half alwqra to thenttlvM flndi At to aaanre aftaiw the boniihateat, Atid Aeir how flMMh dtpandi 00 maoageaMot. Witk BpHag^a retnra, like the Maatriaat beou BehoM ail baetlet aU atlivitv ! At Spriai^t rttnro, when Phcibaa tkawt Ma baai^ Like Sianard riiiag from hit fiMther'keiV Well tinke dolliloth and indolenee awajr. Arid give our mindt no looger to a plajr. Sirtdwidi Inth ardour , and with bold inttat. Our mindt iltall, like oar prowt^ be wcttward bant, Until Paaifte'a walrei jiour forth tweet tooadt, ChinUag to at like— 3Wfi% thmuanipvmda I )" T. *» BdUtr 0/ the Winier ChnrnkU. Sot— At fiint tight of your torretpondent P't rebiy interted in yoor fifth number,! gave myielf eredk . for kvi'v^ at oute diteo* ▼aredthe tetttUon i bnt the lwe:/{^ of the firtt artiele dattrayed aay airy hope, until by ebanee a day or tw« aioae I aMt with a tear maql letter* whereia kit dear Sally expreatet an earaatt bene tbft her letter will reaeh him in the emoyment of good JicftA. Now, Sir, at 1 eoatider Mr. P. kit poatibfar teamed to tpell 001 of the tame dietiooary with Sally, I aball nokmcer heaitate in hqrh« befbrejoa the teore of ^oea whieh I bave^Md oat, ia elitcidatkm of the anthm''l meaning. I am, fee. do. CAimaATin. SOLUTION. Oir the ware or on the tbora, NoUy bom or bamUy poor. Bleat vith eompetenee or wealth « Man'b fint with roust itill be hekk/ What tm monaroh'k thronet eaa lUae, Fair at Clemency diTine? Who eoald with jidonh vie, Peerleit ia a Ooddtat* wfe i If the parta of theae you join. In Ae word yon thnteomblne, Yoall a veaael't name ditolooe. Dreaded oft by Britafai'tfoeti* * The Heela't Itat lerntse, m a ahipdl' war, waa aa ooe of Lord Exmoatb*t ieet, ' at the attack on Alg^ra. E 96 7 Vow comniMibMd to txslora Unknown »n» to AiMi'h i And in thb — poop W d M«* Tbo' the fMt nuqr nuka j«a mil*, DonktlcM otf tk«ir ikip adaiir*, BnMadroondlMrvintM'Iro. ^Edtttr^thaWUatrQkimMf^ " He wu(r* far oflTtk* antiofawtMi Jogr, " Turtle am) TtniMa all hia tboogliu ampkijr, " Prepares for mcab! aajoakajrt taka aaweat, **Ufa, oauawwa! an enedo for a wbat!** M«. KUTOB— Happening to itMnble a dajr Or two ago upon the aMvwnnM^tbajr bmmM to mv reaolleetion an advtrtlaanMnt that I read in jroar Ckroniale laat week, dated from tlie Pamp-raen, Balk. , NatwMiManding the addfcM, however, I aqipeet ftwrn tho •tyle of the fentfeawn, that be ia batter aa« qnainted in a well-known elty MMMwhat to theeaalwardi bat that lea iMtlar of Uttle import to me. my ahn aot betac •» moah to ■ain the no aomaMo reward wnieh he hoMa fbnb, M torgivo a fireedom to the ovatBow kwaor the milk of haman kkidaea^ with whUh mynatara (with modal^ bo it apo- kenO la too faii. I eannot, ho«a«Bf« pro- e«ed wlihaariMkhigattroiig pMlaat nahMt thoae Mib and aqoeamiah f a aH t iW oT the Cf, 'whieh prompt him to naMeata, ar af- j to nanaeaia, the leallj barmltia mean a whieh the ■nl^ of hia %aBea. adopiad far the attabimcntvfa pralM'Worthjrand volup- toooa end ; a meana too w innocent aa to haf a been praetiaed far time immemorial bjr many a worthjr oiticen, withoot ao mueb aa a wry fkae, •tin lem dreaming of tlia leaatindeliea- cy, ro a praetiee that adminiirtefad. ao moch denghtful tenmtioo. Bat thaaa poeta, Mr. Editlr, have been w pampefod with high- •eaaoned vianda, that it ia almoat impoMible to find Ibod or pliyaie of a material, oatara laflSeiently rvfined to imitthe ezooiaite aen- ■ibility of their appetite*.. Initeadoffecdhig like other good aotiU apon tart!» or v^Jboo, they have red on ambroaia with the mm. Instead of good old port, they moat have nectar, and v^eethig Calvert'k Ine brown- atont, and Meoxla entire, nothing forsooth wiU aerve them bat gulping down whole strnama at the fbot of Pamas«m Setting aside, therefore, any attempt to plcaaa saeb daio^ gentlemen, I shall leave them to their prMadiBfs.and proceed to oiTer my adviee tpthegenllebanoftbePiimb-room. In the first place let \im set the poets at defiance ; and in the o^txt eoma»eoae« cianrae of what th<^ latter has been pleaaed to call " nanse- oas,**^ but which th^ (tlderman found so UK- ftd aa a preparative; be howeyef. nt ** Abdoninoaa and wan, •* Lik« a fat sqoab upon a Chineae fan,** Now, I preaama itia the idea of this pie- tore that haimtt the imagination of oar cid- aan of the Pump-room, the evila of whieh ho foresaw and justly depracatea. Certainljr k seema a aaa h maho l y prospect, bat happily for hhn,t eaa plaaowitUn hia grasp the laf aantr a taning smth a eabminr. I iwieaMnr to imitate the akilfal physi- aad pohit oat how that whieh waa a bane to tha one, may ha. rendered an anti- dote to tho other. My plan, Mr. Editor, baa sinplieity to raaonmend i^ a quality by ' whieh It ia disttognished from regolar medi- cal praatiea hi general t it consists merely in I praatiea hi general t it censisu merely I the trifling htversion af the order of meals andmadiaMea. The alderman took his dose na a preparative, alwaja-Mbrehia ntMls: lot the pOBM-foom aitkw» than, whose ob- jaet la so dintoat, onlv gat hia ftwd first, and tako kis doaa ranfairiy an boor afterwards. And,aa Ittig aalM shall persevere in the , I will readily atake all my aradit upco Iramatai, Sir, fan. fae. Pixuinmonm. VaUTaiOAt BtlOllT. Thursday evening'a entertainment com- menced with 'JTke Moffr of Oarratt/ a faree whicb^ nolwhhotanding its characters are drawn from low and ▼algar life, has ever maintafaied its popularity by its abandant humour, and by ita jnohwd satire of exten- sive application. We are of opinion that in none of the preceding performances at this theatre have the characters generally been so well sus t a to ed.t a cireumstance which we are ' pleaa^ in aseribtog to the inareased ac- quaintance of the dramatis persona with the mannera and cosloma of the alage. Tte JIfcwar ^ Oorratt was followed by a new nuuieal after-pieee, the joint production ' of oar princimi bards and whs, entitled The ^trth-ttett Poaauv, or the Vtgagt Fin- ithed. The eharaSters having been ah«ady annouwed in the advertisement of latt Mon- dsf an'tonight, and the sulgeck of th« piece being obvious from its title, we proceed to give a sh": ^ account of it.. It is divided into five w4iji for tlie ssJM of convenience. The I I 37 (••••«•••••••••••••• m M MM M wiHcr iMrwwr, of tiM Cm it laid at Wtalw lUrbmir, Mnd tht lima uniiomijr look I MM of Mtivo OBOrtiOII { _ . Hodo'te boot londo, aad Moto tlio Gripof li •aionoatlMiroi ihof aiMok oT Ihohp fMoro praipoot^ 0*4 imoy Jokoo oro MMMd on Om tr—mkint of Um wkMh TM Ml oo»- ^•dM wMi on oMTopriolo nof, omI Uum ohoenoolMvlaf WlMorHorkonr. ThoM- oood oet io MknaMtt«tokoBloo«.oar(]rki tho Munmor of 1M9, viwn Iho tblM hov* woooodwl In fumtng tho morMlOB or Moo- kensie'k Kiwr. Horo (ko Nmo orowi moet tho itovornnMnl hod obt»lnud fram iho iwtrr tor of tho BnuMwiok wliolor, rra« tho par- tWitthurt of whioh. ond tho •InHMNtonoo that thio woo iko onl« vctNl by whoco the DImo* vory BhiBO hod Won oion in Iho wmmor ol IIIV, Iho hool kopoo oro aupirod of thelt- •ofctjr ond Mnotio. In oet the fourth we re* hwnhig oTooBM wkohM* ioiCi opponro hi tho diolonoo ohoiod bjr o boot, wMok to oboorvod toflnotU. Tho inon oooooto i k owiilfoo. ond tho boor re*op«Mro hi tho dloUnoo, hut little nooror, ond ot lonflk oooom on tho ■ton.whorotho koltio oontohdni tho Adi hod boon loft ftir tho fNirpMO of attrnoUof khni oikor o ahon onoewrtov.hi wklokono or tko 110010% Milonrtooivosokiiq(,tko boor iikUlodondoofriodoft . . DnrinCtUonet do tklpt or* leen In tho dirtonoo nndo»MU, ond ot tho ooooliuion of n eOBt, on o dntol of nool beinc holMpd flhdnnnflrod, tho boot pMkoodR In the third oot tho Mono oh«o|oo M Dopthid. where Poll ond SoHM, the nrMtkoorto oT Tom ond Diek, oro dtoovorod aittini ot work, ond oxpreMhw thoir uskMO oionno for tho ■ofcty of thoIr hivort, of V'kom no tiding! ho«« ot yot boon rooolfod. Ihoy are Toinod by thoir brathor. who prodiiOM a nowapopor« oontaiBlog Infemation whioh tarn'lo tho espolHtion hovinc now (i. t., in tho oatanmdf lfinf.)reftahed iheioanxkNii- ly*dtt|rB« Behring*t BtroH. Here nautioel oonmtnfaMiont, and tho protpectt of tl»o V^gai* FMUum eoonpy «ho«, antll their ottontlMi itooned offby an Btqaimaux iMce aeon Ih thb ditunoo, ond auboequently by tho Baquknaux hhntelf, whore o aoenooe- onra wkieh brMiht to our reool»eette« the HMMt taMoroithiK event of the cxpedMoo of diaaevorir whioh prcoeded the proaent. Af- ter mokioi IHenda wkh him. by prcaenla and a aong, tho anilon hidueo him to aeeom. pony them oa boiard. In the Afth and eon- eluangoat tho aeeno thiftt ogkhi to Dept- fiMrdi OM vovico Miod now Anithed, Hie aoihin are liiot at tho Prineoof Woloa, whore keMtUy weloomod by tho hindlord on4 Jokiod M tkoto awootheortt, they talk over the dMMlieothlnr hove paaoed thvAogh. and thygoodlhrtnnothoy hove oi^od, and throat eonotadea wkk •• God aave theKtnf" and three oheeN« hi whith the andieoer moat hMrtily jMnad. We riioM o6ly add, that the pieeo pro- dooeil ta itt falloat extent the intereat and entertahuawnt wWeh w«ro deai|nod. We are alt Wkiiaaafa kow nraeh the aMpV oom- piinyi porboitelod hi tbeae foeliop, hot H ia not eamp perikape folly to appreoiate the per- monoat improotion whieh aneh repreaonta- tiona aathoaearooalookkted toCttahUthin their minda. Thefctre Royal, North Georgii^. ON TRVRSBAY, JAKUART 6, 1830, When wUl b« P«rfor«ied tht celebrated Farce of BON TON; om maa life amove stmbs. ' KXN. . ' Loid Mhmikhi, Contain 8 am«i, St John Trotley, Mr.PABnr ColoMlTivT. Mr.Boao. foawnf. Mr. Onnnxaa. Davy, Mr. Vmm, M\§um, Mr. Bv*wkam. WOMSN. UOr Mtawikb,Mv. Buout. MbtTitrap, Mr. Rqoaa. Gyn)(>, Mr. Bitbut^ Sonp will bo hitrodaeed b^weon the Aett. •nieth9notffttitdat^M/'^t0Sla,tmdth^ Cmainvmrw prwiutg at Seven t^ehak. m I; ■~immnmmo.> 3» •••••• •••••••t • •••• \ '1 T» OmBdUtftf Mf Winter Chrmtde. 8».— The ConniittM beg jroQ to inaert the enfilOMd in iroar Paper, for «hi(A tlM7 SeatMy to tlietamdike. , MTiiBABMADAii--->tiwQonKnilit»liwr- iof m for • eooMecaUj tiia«HO»f when, yott ire infom^ ittAtvOf gfm- Uemeii My tW ikey ew"! Vf IWM» lSw.U- dwa' parjta propcfly irMh tboifv «^1 men- tionOir«Ter, hope that thW.pf|l not premit yoaftjtm m- e«|rtiRKthe,ii4«B...^ .,_, fh^ deiirejm toMd, thai tir* rtont m^^ett mnri, and white>Hne i aod tfu^t fin, iMIead of lieer, at your re«ne«^ i»dltlp*-id- lllHr,cd,„awMi pnwMae that yoii; tl!i« ,l»t a aHp^B the ft ren e a , ai , tte wn te ^w u^-*-, yi^iiMwtbe ««>anH -aaiky gvcatV'rotard the fialrfiN«iaaeM,of th* pieo^. I hare the honoar to boj. Madam* fif«., 1.0ST,«ilhe»hitho Pit orLo|4y oTthe Thfatre, en Thuradqr hwt, a SMALL MG* AI^ANDUM BOOK» containing aolea ai|d ajtr^ttti^ OQ die now entertainment t eiedi OB the abora Mthleettt tetteded to fbrm an AppatdiX l» th» WriterV Jonmal, whieh will ho ^liMwd Ob AeBotnmef the Bzpe^ dkli».«^Whoeter has fianid the iame. and will retam it to Ifo. 3, Unk'lane, will be handmnely r«wanM nKtiieir tnmble. AN AiMlMir^ who haa generally had fa- Biai«»ehiwaetei» a ti i ii i di IBiimiNl? en the noM beeoMHttitflUdM^iMiMi, and artiealatioBt, foraWMnHiofcPittlevi a|M>,oB theiamt approvedmethoAoT-MtaMngthe Miionable lieMkwitliDat^MMMariMt'rottnd-ihoiddafed. AfqUleiMlteltt he oMde at THo, 9^ Ord- naneo'itaaiw. .;•'■-' '•* "ftalS to to^ife NotiK that • eanpl* of mH&QM^ym iMmL whhiMhe iMtWMk, hou^jpm^fikr Deal 9oar^|danient«r, who . zeideaat theiBOt ofJHatobww Pamage^ and thit th(T wore earrlid a^iqp nm thenee hj ftMoBtioaii»t»h«WMed{ hot it waaeiqi. pMfd that ffntf waMpfoivm^ more w» than iMNit t»yw^iaf; aa they were thonght tohethe ideatiail Galvea that had itnycd booi So* l^BoiMane. ^0NGi1»QMTi£KORTB^WE8T PASSAGE. ytTBttTKn BT MR. WAKEfiAM. AND SUNG BT MR. PALMAR. ■ I- WBB#a diif;Jg^ -tt t^tdD the ooe^'lTiiite wave, I wai taught to aistiain eV^ tbaaijbt Ofa slave, Bold freedoittloi 0priiuv,tbat Talpnr infpires, . And proves Bnglaud^s tars stiU ar^. wwt^iy their sires. '"" V, ..'■"■'■■':'", '.".yji. ''"'!: -■■ ' As to manhtiad f j^^; toil a sa&ior beeame, Ev'ry hppc«ev?i<^ wish.of ray hcarit was the same ; My Satan, my j^reiMtOttt sti^nglheited the elaim, I knew that Uieir bliss Jn^ost depend on .my faine' ■'■■'■ ^^v. JIL^'.-'-^-^- Stem war ww^pme hy> ii|d omr ant^s no men-e Waved proadty trinhkiAaiit o*er Meh hostile «hbre ; But I heard of^two shmihat were flttlbg to seek For aew lands tetlie Nonb, where the wiiMls hollow hleak. ■:...•, IV. ^i..:-.- v^.. -*..-..« - My bosom was'firedj «nd I soon was ehrttll^ In the fortunate band, for adventure so bold, AVhora I now see before Oie resolved to maintain That dteir ooontry shall never eall on them in vaih. 39 • •••MOW* V. Aiid «qr if priMtlMs or (terllsihoald riM»^ lUntt what would (hojr weigh in » true MniUM^ wyn 7 He'd leom thw IhIM ttoaglit of «lsr tunrii^ hit kMk, Hit liMtd ever rttttj-^iVk heart snf r iladL VL IT one dwtiird lite diit!— fw-HMh oMthert Aintha U theM ithiM uwv am* duhVl U^ffoP lM» iM-rMtcred M* ! Then may thaw wbn Mt Aobly-HM til of yoa ««l» Skft retom'd, hun of kwe uui'ti plmtiuo Uieir fl II. VII May tlieBbtvlwr tad Boll, Prinae <6i Walea, and eaeh poirt /Where the Ucela'a and Grip«r^iaa|ia«, to reaort, Aboaod witti nod liquor, with flddlea and adttg^ . And iilenty of laaaea to eheer up tiko thcoof . Far,!** JRtXer CAronfcfc. Reflections on the morning 0/ Christmas Day^ 1819, North Georgia RttH^fhim ^hihahiiv Baat no|lorv darta Tb^^ehata the ahadowy niKhtt--bu( all ia glooaa, ftiVe whew the 100011% jmitog eraaMat <^er the anowi Sddia a trembling ridiMiee, fainth[ aeen 11t|<(;ag|i mkttobaetk.«)*-4ir spariwwtaeett «tA hi^ The WMnth^ mytiada of the atara dnhae 5he» dUtUktf ^mmering, aoarM-etilighteiiiog ray a ! (hind vM elMd a ateaib or pair ligiit> Shocia np iti pQ|Ated jMirei--agim Imtteifed, SwMparorth with attwlan atart, alidiHtving rdtattd In ehiAMifiU ttetnt, aMnmea th« brislitd^ gimr Of oricSt tdpit^-then k* «Kldeh ainla In d^epe^ maiet^ aud at onoe expirea ! Hete ttien we viawi in ^fiirtheni ble Immared '; if idat'eeaaelcaa drifta atid long-endntii^ ice > -^ . The wondier«l Hi* powV,^hoH awful voiee . Bnaka earth into ctiatenee, and tlie «m Thkt now, Britannia ! o'er tity favtMirM land Ll^Ata up the day thro* winter^! elicerlcaa reign. Hail, |aaM4hiaHral tliat tomy mind recal HiiwondroHagoodneia. Hia, the (areat Snpnune ! Onee waa UiysilMirn in other iplendonrdreat, HVben 6> the ahephenle ftirdiWP wsMer tile e«tra^|nwble us to renew the attempt with the same v%oar as at first, we acma iMstiaed by Provideate to decide. a great geographieal qoestim, whieb, for eeatniies pasit, has beeii aa ol^eet of enriodty to etetr nation b Eorope. Perhaps no ezpeoitioa whieb En|^aad has ever equippedi has been regarded with a more hearty feeling of nattonal interett, than those in whiehwe bare beto employed. Persona of everv rank, and age^) and sex, floeked to oor ship»o<>^ phiioMpher ap- proved a scheme whose oi{|eet waa tiie pro- motion of seienee-^tatesiaea and priflatea eoadeseended to virit thoar, whose names might perhapsgraee the page of fiUare bia- tory— the mershant hoped UMt we mkht Sod a shelter way to China*-^ patriot, that we might add new lustre to

bliM assume • more decided ebaraoter upon the maps-r^he san- gube wouM be eoiiimed b tlwir cxpee- tHions, and evenltfie Awt eautibaa lonitie vouid be ibretd to adasit-HHit otilr the great pMbabUi^ or t^ ecffMiie ofa north- w«R n a s s a g st but that then ia aome ehanee of iti being at lett{th actually efliwled. But highly H it beeoBsea us to appreebte the warm interest wUsh the eoyBtry at hurya haa evineed for ihe .^Imtm of o«r nriae, there ia aaotlwr feeMaf^ wklak, even in a still greatmr degree, mast eonaa bone t» the bosDnof overyone aaaoaf n»— 1 nicaa the ansioafti^Uaitwiewhiahaaiaitaoarbeen'* tertahied by ear sebtioas aad " Happy sis we should mdoabteAy b move so«M part of their anxiety, ny . them a a w H wHed with the eomMrU of preaeht litaattan; yet by a enrtab fealiaf bacparal^ ISrom human nalare, aad an doubt impbated ta oar breasts Ibr wise aai benevbtMt.pnrptees, there '», peHMnna- thbywhieh produera a aaore eaqjatsHo de- gree or>^of oar saeetss^ and firmly nnpressinf ev*ry whh bi« for oar evtentdal bMefit, tney anticipitfn with proud and eager delii^t the tkae whta we dudl retamto diem with credit aad hopoar, M reap the rewards of our laboar»-«t aaother* hnaginatbn preoenli us to their vbw,sidbr- bg under privation or Aaease, and exposed to alt the r^^our of thfa bhospitable climate -^beawill natare brMJt fbrilh,b spite of eveiy exeiti on— Ae tear of silent aoguiah wBI be shed— die fimren^prayer of ploaa devotiott be oflbred to Heaven for oar safMy ! The conlideratiooe which I have now nrg«d,and b which I have endeavoured tn aet fbcthcome of the eireamstaaecs by whbh oar siMttdiNifa dhdng«usbed,shQid4niakeua cspeebli*.eiirafbl diat oar eondaet be sndi aa Itt jus% the expectatbna which oar co«a> ti^aiid oar fHendshave formed of nsb Tbqr bava liirformed their paH bypbaiagusjn Oft, pramnt statba {-4t rsinaba Sir «a la prove oorseives desen^ag of that station— aot, mcMly by the ardour whid^ as yeabg men, we have all aatnraUy fidtat die b«i^ nbgofagreat aad honenrabb enterpvbiKf ilotlnF o^casionfl salfies of zeslaad eavtbii, which rebpia Jato earebssnm an^Mwd- vity as aMM ai the occasion jsmi ibat by a ste#y, uqifom^ and hpiM^ , S|riaai»b of dafy,aiiBiu)ibd hf eiroomabaeep^ vnuMtbi \.,.^.« ^j-m^ ■Jt*m.mmi ■"^'i*.+lifll4|HiiflP9"i I 43 nSMt that nor atotioii mm. in Uwlf, tMler M ml difiiily or hnnoor i R h Oiriy Um me> dimi thrm(h whMt oar goo^ or l»d oob- doatTpill be nado tlie aior* »i i >ii p twWMt it k tiM hiaie on wiiWi ow nrtorc Ihibw b tbo world m«ut iaovilii&l^ Abore •ll>-4uiMat the biuUf i^jmUto Ufil, nd tho diMhorgo of oor poMb d«tl«i« lot IN novor fergrt vliot we owe to Qod txfi t* oor mi|kboar. Immaved 09 vo M« tp* nOter for • oortain period, Md Motadcd fipoallie rarof Um oiTlliwd world, It !• no IflM our intoroit thvi our ivffti keep » aoinUBt goord «f«r oar oondoM (Owttda eaah other. Wo ahoald be pirtiotiUvljr owoM torertrwi the n«taral irrittblUtr of temper, to whieb ell ore mors 9ithm «ib» jeet t to cheek the rimgiof peer^ihiieta and ili'hamvori to fvnfn* othwi, M we oww Nlves hope to be rargiven. Ltit as ever -be readj to iNtot eaeli other in ell the kiedlj oifkfe wfaieh wnoeth the ragged peth of Ufbi Mid dlieerding ell thoee petry eoiaoiitiM, thoie little pwaioaii, wbleh Mrre bat todh> tai1> the trM HeaVeii eonid onr ssfti^ ensnre. Involved with die aget existent befoiw Is die year that has breujht as thns far on oar wmr, AndgriHtode oalls ns, onr ChmI to adote Fat the oft-renewM mereies its annals disptay \ « Onr riiipaiMra the first that saeeeeded in eflfaetiDg a passage to the westward, Uuwigh tm iee whiefa Oeeopiea the middle of Baffin'^ Bay in the eariy part of the aemmer. tTnl«gnphie signal tnade by the Heela, after breaking through tiie firat barrier of iOQ. M jytTirr I naSF '*** ***''*'*^>'y ^<*f **heh we itoled over the s|)ot asB%nedtoCR(lttB> ^ The merkMu of 110* west, wblehehtitled OS to the first reward of fiOOOL # I riw. _ , - - J ^-,, . to (^Wtember Ua elo*s, ^ Or in i^^ll^tf (^ tiiiMim ouf rnMtln|te;:i YetliMii npiiii lA^ i^i^ thaiour velillkliii.. . Till PiMie^ i^i$ t'ollow obi^MMirfp^ ^nattie (HinMrp «el|M»eiJbitit uur wonfe ^neir. <> The ft4en4i ^ Wlvt UH, •! lliii aetata o llwir bo^op (Mr pmuHtre or imkMk mMmf Ho (bcf (iktrnm fkt MR in tbete nmt it'ika ewth. Or «heim'd iqtthc •nrgm tbat whitcpi (b« auila f Nolon|9r,tbvi«»i»*9i<^«)(Ri)«t<><><'' ^ ^ No Majiutthvf ioirft «v*nr eluin»artl» 6r«Me i i^the thoasht ofdeipair fomi •Ifmim will inwciit AM eonfldMt reit qo Alnilithtj droadiM|» (t^ An^link fbtwtrd titb >jjr to th« day* yet to WMM i WiMiii, im^ hiMMiot«ritMttiM|^ warn tMri rtiiilt uMvat J|e Iwtittidto |m, MMf .^Mr(ion 4MU> ini^ ! Tni th* ihomdrOld Albion onoe Mni« w* re|iili> On«e nibro to enjogr eyerjr bli« «CJ btive kninrn. No. S:t.-rlilONBAt, JfAHtJABX 10> l6«0. Sii-Mlheltiered andorthtt lodolmt \^ if biiblU^, I b«v« never tdceh My (ith«)p Sriinoiirtheatrieet amawmenti than ttaM • apeMetDr} I bite, however, bee6' n eObtUnt fettebdant, aiu) vitMaatef tte a^ge* uttoaa't^brta made by iieb,aiiaa(eoi-, I hpiM fett no small deeree of eewsra at tbejbaa ef time, atid the iminebpMr of tNit^e, irhieh tbeae exeHiOM deMMOat the CM wbiob ik neemarily oee«t{rted H aip^riMigt jle», and MMietiiihee loiMf paH»i aad the ^rouble' ikad exp^ntOr (UT t nay be wittwed i> apply the word to the taeriMe tit-'ikk^- enrtalna, and varieuie«hep«ptielee«) of p*»> paring Dear drewea oa ^ eoReetioaaAuderimittoniMMevein to tWa a^'l^ieiSf^ filled r tt«£^,j£ lean oversight that only aee^ t« be petotlA oot to be remedied. Pemrit aw thML tteeii^ the meiiiam of your vahiable aou loaMU^ tetmbrtheae reoMta tti(lbe««||pu IP K \. itHtfee, which nMhingbnt ■ itraof wirvie* tion of their triMh would hktte 4i«Uited t aiid at the mme lime to mtkt the b4it apoioff I can to ynar rvMlcra, bj aiiuringithen.lbkt th« leoaral good or onr •ommiu^y hn been roy flrM and only parpeaa is t6lii'l>0fll> ittnaation. I am, Mr. Editor, Ice. Im. Ico. To tite JBtStor of the WtiOtr Cftrosicb. Sir— Underatandfatg that H b i* tfM < templation of teveral gentlemen to istiUbliah a new weekly paper, Tor ttw purpop of iS- fording greater Mope to the csttbcrancte of penitta, wbieh I am mrcft from joar v^lir known liberality of senlimekity irill meet with your must eordifti nipport, lim jtm- boldened, humble a« my pfttetotMla nrr, toMilicitthe publie patronage, Md«rer.my« self aa the Editor. To diieharge the duties of this olBee M- tiifaetorily, it is not requisite tkat I shoi|ld poMcss an extraordinary degreewintene«iti fbr, unlike editors in general, whO have to insert their own luouibnttions to fill' A vaoatft page, I am doubly assured by the verjr IM» opinion I entertain of the talents of its in- tended supporters, and by their own |epeat-, ed proTewions of strenuously exerthg theoi, that the only Jdij|«ulty in my wqr wHI be the seleetion Of sueh itrbkea of satire, Or flashes of wit, as rofey best fteeOrd with the Uwt«9f>tb«p9meiit I ani pdsHiTe thitt n^MA| flat, low^ 4r hi- dpid.' will ever be f&OliliA on nyflM-^ fk^ tSucKes Ujm the liibthnttf ol mmx a i^lf moi^ , ealy and eWi^nt tb«i^ Addison i ixg^m more splendtd find vertaiHe tbikta Blskspeire's %iy bwisl^b' be met with ) biit nopaoeity of |Wte-- ' jPiMnk 1 eeo evtomaitd ^very requisite for Ifndirediate piil^IiBiaitoi pens tad ink I hoTe ^b' otjieetion to fUrnMi, and paper for the earW nambers, pr^vidid tibef do not nmui'' ni&^^thi^ K sb^is e&h. 000 ' .... 0Mk ( tioo'of, • '■- ■' 9w, yonr uSm obedent Servant, Miinr Habmlhs. 9b th» EtKUr tfttuWbaer Chronicle. > Mb, BniKiB.— Will, iuiy of yqar oorre»- pondenia iisa^a rdiniL WiiMard a eobjee- tiire, why the n«sll«i^i6l the wihd should be aoMompaniM by i eonsiderable risotn th;^ t«iinP«r(rthf«9f;tlfe airt whieh we have fbOiid, T b^(i««e, Jnvariablv Ae ease, from whatever direetini the wfairf blows. I irtn Sir, lie. iK^tce., A (kiiHnJLn RiADBa. THXATBICAL BSIORT. On Tharsday evening the oflhers of the Expedition performed the fkree of Sm Tm, or' Mfh ij^ abviH Stain. It happened unfortunately that the weather, whien pro- mised folrln die mombig beeame ineiement m the afternoon, and eontiooM so lAueh so during the performanee, as materially to in- eoaTenkVMi tbe jierformers^ and to leisen the gretifleatlqli wUdi tl^e andlenee wottM otherwise hevwieeeehred from their exertl^nk We are lnfomie«|l iriMst the therttoroete^ way m^.twelve dqpeea below sero'on the 8tMp,adls|['"etf«oMiu suited to the dressei of Uie foir sex eapeeia)ly. . Whilst on the jsobject of bo^ theatrical eo' tertiifaiiment% we beg leave to retnrn onr thttikstothe eontributor of the first artieli^ f the present number. We arto persufdcd at mioyofoor readers will join w/tth ta^iiif^ M^ hope that iu snijeet will not be deeoM bdiWBth the oootiideratioh of the oommittee. of sU^-nMUMgemcnt. Tlieatre Ed|ral, iN^orth Geoiglft. _, Colonpl Fetal vefl, ' Mr. PabHt. *_w Freemim,, fci»T*Mr SAiyK Sir TMlia M^Miove, Mr. Gsu.mii 2^ , Obadiah/rlm, MK WakMux. Tradeiovi*, J«r. Howskii. ijP^ Per(y}^i9 fht «|iMMta|rt ««»»« and Mw pum «t Ui6 -^ Hmwltt ITI-g ti fB awa fitnlieaFyiowtiteyw • /iit mf w*^ ^ ^4 tiall ho&f aPvMr IMe, ■•'^1 M aMMf «i»MinM«-v« /refer airman jar a rrtj 4lf tMVWpai<>t«d it next WedMI^/ «rMk, SlMNli(ltiMtb««W«ott for th* Aoton toi|lcidC. Tbe Comrnittee. 0. XHm t1ie«tr« rajiiiMt die Editor ^ill give pul>lle!i> to their iIiM*ov«l of iliy iMi«tfei|liti«^li»iMp#iili-'4ri*i)^ Latter, vhioh m/t^vX io th* Otb Number oTtiie ,4- • \MUr (^ratdde. Tlwfollo«ta(^«9iliinifMlMti<« readied iia on Fridmr f^i hit jdat fa time to aave tha pftaa. On iMMnuptt, wo fNNroalitM that the yi^milf- ia'MiAnM^liOdar ».,griai!inoe«"«rhioh •oliir ■■ wo imatniland-liiaa, anakea hin>r« gWt for thoimaaci^HttO InMiiion ofhialetter. Wo ha'e.,th«Nfb(^, hoet^ Mdaced to wan* t^ Mnii(krMio«#N«li 4| ia oiir ooaiiaei|» to gnre to tin artioifatw^ w^rii wo iii Oinr eolunini,and haireaQbniita^UaloUar,with' oat deby, to^or, raadora. 1 1 Tt A» EdUrn- ^ Urn WtMerChmkh. I am rather aoiipriaad, Mr. Bd^oiviloee I believe the origiaM inti^ntioa oC^tho Winm Chrmdek waa ox^eodiMrfy^ftroigii 10 w|iat appAura, 1^ dcsroeai (o oaiia oii^ fato it. and whiah ia fir on tlie eliniai to,:.deoi(le4 p^raonaytfi t aiean the Murlima attaaka mafie oo Uw a^veral aglfaborMif. our oomr BPfriiy. Jiiiio, M^. . . . ... , . .. ia?*.iwno fa' wUah « paiir oTaplfoa vor^ 4aoltte4 toftave atnjred troa their «w«er^i^N^ <» tnvtidx led to iaiagliMiM tM iadvettiwm^ iflftdod to wartttaiMied for a aMKhbonrfiC miao^re- lidiaK in Ordnofieaiioqaare, n«itl , door Apotneeariiea'Iiallf^whoae «^pAr I know, strnred aomo tlntaofB, and Inear hivf now entirely ttlkhinpt Mtmlfae, Mr. SaJnr : on th«i abnbwiw, mfao, indoed, atia Ai th^^nto :a aa exea«|Hni||jr forwiinf MMO. laih «»- tnrally fond of the piaMi^aeVaM devfii : tbo' Mt- nudent follow , jeliN«, that ••Iwaa tholnlAo t^^^ilMied^td havoHaen Trom the band-box, and that I alia^one day or tha other, voald bo wliiaet to a hen>pc«kiof." — It wo«d4Jbave hfiea aa well for, Om wmb- bler fajdhe luriM iUipart oTNa aft«^ wMl iokataad'''^ lixre | Have hh»^ Iwre fif* tm expreaaod m fateotfan ovwp faM^f aod aupooae t ahooMr T wall-ri|ni'aaifv thif opteioai of alU4lniicfmiiM», who wmkiiid enOttgb to ayjiopathlae and eondtda irith me^ ooa limilar oeaaaiiolir and ha he ia ft matt who baa lived lonifcr, aiid I am aora, khOw'a more or iSn woHd tM^ lHaL I adhaider hia fiivt^mt^aathority. |ie|ald~<'>t'hatritae men w«r« nanally walWtd Wit|k cxtraiMNU«»- f^taNnte^-tfiat they were ao polite^ aa kindf, aoei^ry^thiiw a lady ao^hrwlsh: ind lhc«a» fors, I a^ aj^oat eOoil^i)n€:tbey are aaltfeift to ie««rp#(rtaiy thaA #raMitHar a eonway deaarfptliiiii^ Aad am^Kaaa the ediialtmlOtt hero #awtt to be porfoit, I may refy« Mr. Ediiar,; o» IMfag a aaolt iptiiit and peaoair bifr'llfo, wel« I to venfare to-morrow to ^ BBft^inMaial ahrfae* T*fU0ng foa'iriil Jie convinaodorthlft petfoaiSatiaii wtho dne ea% aad faaoyida|tf6a,Jf aot altogethor, ooii^ Oi«ng wHB iqr hyfkameateiothoathit-, wMih appeara to me to be tolonddy^^wall feandody I eooclBdo, tniatisf yba #iltliili|talra, for't^ aake of your rapMmdit; exaOifao yoi^r paflw immediatoiypravloM to ita jmMimloo Hi l^abll^ that aaoh altlMionia whMf yeariirii» tiara may^hava' tnkett tipon tnemtto mtf^, moy, by your timely famtioy^ jn»ailM> tlti^ ■I' .„^,^g-«(t.v_^y,^ m » riMligr. Ml* ttwretar mm imvvbnMil- i« irain ImiMmtini drliiiniiiMn, vkkii vtti •witit it, II ihi*, mv pitwrlptioo, b« QM en- fbrMd. I uin, Mr. Editor, Vou. Rincfru w^ll*tMlier, V.D. P.8. You will iiardon th* aiwaliingjtolr, Mr. Edhor, bi whieh Iput (likMyoHr ImmmI, DOtMngFriilaT ni|lt(( ud MrQi^ «» iMt nomtai urovoked,! immI thh nmiili m it it. In order if odv mm rwtoiiw to No. 1, BcU- Ih)«, Im iDtCDOcd (br loMrtioo in your nest number, yoa may havo m opMrUinityQr froventing k. ▲DVERTISfejllENTB, &c. ▲ amr wamu.t VAtiBl On Satarder, ike Snt Dar tt April, 1180, imi bejioMMitfil tb« 4m Vartibor oTa ne« W«*fkly Ptorr«tobt«aned, , THIS iroir-ci))rriii||!!rr0i^'8 PoaTi or, QiffoaiTnii t^MfM, ■ A* tM Mp» oTtKlaMMr if Mloljr loiet the editor, wUl mtMtt Ufi^lf reffMuilyp that no artkl«i whatever dMlIhe oniU||d« wkiali to kie knowMge eoaitaina an attMK upn anyMto Ju m «C iIm cbninialere. re> Mrvuif i» klmo»ir»kQv««fr, tke d'aarvtlon* aor p«w«v «r aMioi 10 «« fU^ring, any eon- tributiooa^w^rik MtpapiMmrtohim toadmit of aoMiMtolad mm* «r on any other ibni- lar aeeoant, utf of citkor bridly aeelpUiiff hia r««Mn% or otlieririM,JW he may. Ikini proper. . . , OrtgtiuU «m»triba|ioi!l on tk* mt^Mt* ^m- •ittent wir*. van ptKi«r the p^r, will be m- Mptal>!«. The Editor begi it, however, to b** diitinetly onderatood, inat he ia wholly independent of the gRiitlemea of the Expe- dition 1^ i^ wppo(t,*h9'iM»^Joi(lin,^ his own^afiA'ui, a ai#oiM^ •W** ol t||M Of* Mwary in« *i«itt *»jmm of^ *^ BW" Po^oCh ^\ C%r»«a l o y i mi W i ' dwte attf nti99. on keiot •%««# ^M> Editor at the 0.|*. libraqr, Floet-auirM, «h«re oMu beobta^ed al^.|he ftm^gm^ pampblett of thik diigi' .%8utibfiWfiS#«ed. Book>binding jn «U its braoebet. % Nq. Xir.-U,||flllllAT, J[ANU4ltT 17a isao. ''ft** ( ■ ■' i .IP» #>f V vwnifwiiji, Mtaiwur lioving 1| fA Ve^nesdigr tatt, tl»n gr«at«Nt rnntiml MM»veirk4««roaoHed% . Bv«. infil^ d^ omaidiitoMiiiMteiroet . , ■iJo«l¥.WMf ^onremiDdcntti ftr, lepfna«9|l]r of Mf boln|«»>oto(«stbig fa«« If «Wh!4o«y ofwvoyagf, jjMomstoAaw Mrrroll Uw metiA pnvpOM ok cetieving us from that djill mowMO^v,, ^Uk wWoli, Ibr •0^0 w«w>«H, «*ie <% Ipa auaeeeded V^m^ , Kor WW Riiji Ikieg be qtfire «at*t nt,and iroay.J^N^.adid, movoiri^vor. flijr,^ than.^o eaganma with wlpi.U kH oe«n deb^t«4 p labi««« whether the ther(nfi)miH«r stoetli at 10 l'8,ar «iQ4-4 thot ' f bilker ye b^at th« reat ertke wqirlii bjr JO orblikive «partenora,ita«Me«( SMO lery oa<4iaJk IMni mJnntooMrvitiiana Wioi by myeeifosi tihoaMviiiwothornioH^- t^ra 0^ onjhit i»f(»«^ dnys ^Hf^r ^"oi» amde witK(Mi«itf PoHiiod^oigbtfoat aflhfl9> maiio t«leai«pea> «fi#i«)M#aiii^if«4»v«ak y«m n mt«*omeier««Mle^ apuiietil'to it b«r rnvselfifiaviMar IngeiiJMa manner, h^ whki I found tbermmeitf. No. t to iotimttte-rr SP*.«t{S, mmB>. A -A Stt^.S45. Ttw mean qfthoM, «fs;, S(MI,?30a»ay, I think, ha Idr^ ■tateti aa the. aMnal dogreeloC oolidhto be re? gistered. I Hurt, iMr, that the Man with whioh thoM obeiH#a|iien« wece oqMwMmI, (Ite, exueUeui of tkia iiMtraittetua eVipltqEwb at»d my w«ilck«(Wbn akiH in thoM maitwft will be aufllioient 10 Ml Uu«fifio€ dw ha- b»iakl# gMw «RiX.bif 730 thMMiodtk ftm. «f a «ingle degren of Pabrenbeit'a lOale. lam, Mr. C^litoi*, • Toor modest, bumble Sirrvan^ Sitaav-fiaT'iuoHT. I» :.,-t::-^K'Wiyfi.'f- ■ 9. a. Mm tlwh w i i M|«M m hi up iJm*«Bmmiifid ||p» «»«««■ w aigr n lh y i mWrn iiiiM!M«w.Mii vunHmwrn^ (iT' MwiM^MM»fHr tW kfMt of o«r mmw i mi iiMitkipHpiii. p«rt« nwirlj. 1 •amiot rafiMr np»K Ui« Oil wrar l» wlilith^ ait#iKi||pf «U i« ow Before ve give DublieiQ ttitfif iuktewMal iBtte^, AMMkMwd Iqi J* MtiMb nWilrire iMartwl in «ir iMt MiMikw hwwiis tte liv* •iMiM tf JI. Q4, iWK b«f w i«(lb« nfew re^ MMWkttC w'OMIlkllVMhlltofMlff'fWrMpWIo dent»aMl«f M#>#mden, tmt MfifeiaMjR of (hrftMMF. ^: ' Fnm the temnaeiMement df our ^ m ii n gnqnd •• «hi«k «• wiNwIiaiii^lveiMht ■•Ml atMoMi ,lli«ietii» ImI^ Wt vera iBd«fMkl» li»«««M>^ «• take npm oi«r« Mkw Ikw MtpoiaiUlilf, iM|Miring « nor* tlMa drdinaty Mation, by the foUoiiNn»e«iiii*- iMwuicM t f >«, tht diflfHMx ultft^ ew Comepoadentt reprsMnted, of finding <»l|ef ■ilmttt iHmriiidMi tt Mia) aoww j tm m , vitt «hii4i to fill, «w eMMi»t^mfe«MiMi, Amm Mir ex!«««ifr«e« el 'Qpi'owe muiMi*^ ontji tfiaiMlain»4 «Ktlw ape side, tol|CM McjMlf wMiia Ike l^dinda of pbyful an4 lMr«ki«»ini|iln^ 9ta'0dk$>-mhti^WO9(li- ImoMob «ini *M«|i>i* waa forn il ml g Ajiter pert of oor tenth Nnmben and we are happf ifl believing, that were tK» letter viewed in no other lighi m^ aatafc > a i pe iiB > e>fe W^me- ¥Mbxm fivaaifm oi'WW, iiM •ircfil.t^' Qpeiiie him our the readwaofUie lf%i«rr jqtt valoift the rcfolt vaa noit hlMif « tiKketorv Mail tn^mMjijjitm. ':'••■' ■• - *'X ■'"• We ahoiiid lM«e prefis^ twiUti4^^\» ordimry parn^ of thiklshWMe hi 4ieSliii- jeeu ehiiMi^liljr tttfr W&lbami ^ItMlli eHdeavoariiigib baateii itby liif reihitkief our own, had we nbt been OMittrained to the preietit notice hy the letter of K. C. » wm »*nK§ in «r Miadviae, fir whi4l we retnra onr MkiMtwIodMienia, bn| beMoaahe liaa hinnelf indalge^ e««i teycxd hie pre- deecMwi, in the pa aetla e whiah It waa hit ei w w l a l tdjwtlp a wit iew iw agatnat We have mralled oorael vca of the oeeathM , to eipreai time mtteh of eor aentimenta, per- anaded thaft aal>aom>apoodent« wUI ever rt- melbhiN" ink oaraelvea, that It ia of fcr mora impertimee to aveid giving pain, than toaiiniia9i wi4tlMaeir- y«ae Qorreapondant : oh(th«di;the waMs wbieh he hal thought pMiperiQr piit1nu» my no«ifc, in good hooeal 6«gliM» d««mi bat,l»be% an MoMlay qMrn*- inf hnt, -1 leirA ireail fhmi ywor eolMana, » leilenM»povtiimi« e«n»A«pn m reaii* deMe^l^ ^pd hii^el|pli#al^ia tt>hav« eaWtoln tbeliwit of hwprinihieB; ijiaiaifil'df the asaal «e(rii« ruMl^ Mferailry^, tlMNMilM^i Ite. h§i- I eonil (Kkaovter «' atvMnr infH «f Hia ^al cei^i i(ti4 T waa thiVVMtt hmMNed to^ otiAniMt, when f foiiin#tli#4hnlalitMrnf f # ' kt(iA^*A|iolh»^<^'ft«.} lMpni» titii it lift ktmwn to be |b#l8iiMi«ge of th^^itT «M< aik««Md^ by «i«%iihJdt&«r«if t2ie Mai; l^rgeoftadf'tjhi'dajft-': •:^ - -il BSlhir^to, M^i^ter, amontitaoMll^tft 8tt«pii^o«r«*dK wfiflk^lbui tf flaJlHlatf- ing, I readlved to reqnoR yon to give pnbli- eity to my disatnswalof the letter written in vnu^tmim-' my I 1 1« Mf dMir* that (IM gMMla- r tm mif U. vHi Mt afrik tfM flrtiMr «r Kb »lt •heoMiMferi lam, Mr.MHor, YowlMUiM«8«rvMtt, TV «A« Xdtor f/'lM IFkair Ckrvniek. Sib— I rMBMiltar luifinf mm ttmi, in thiOhni't TraiMb, «t a iMwhiae, Um bmh «kw of vhMi lbmi«d l«tt«n ii^o words, Md wordi into MatenM«t and k iito a •imUar neehraiMl loarM that 1 ueriba tha letter of N. C in your hat B«nb«r. It appear*, howtver, tn be tlM afbrt of a noviee in the aMnagement of the book' auUng apparatnat nr had the iaatnuaeat Mnally BMMiiead aaah oflbett, noterm die HfM of Laputa had tolefttad iia twa. I wonid edviie your OorraiMBdent «o try uwiher torn, aao if thii fUb another yet t bnt iheuld he Millilnd biaaMlfwMiaeeeMrnl, he may try what it wW avail to write the MBteneea produead in two eelumna, when, parhap^ the arflM.eanJ i ng may he a nauwr approiiauftion m aanae. Beginnara ire ever ia a hurry far tlw aomMetioa af their Mheme, and I thtok it prabaUe aaall a Jhal- ing may have hdoeed ttw nrtitt, instead of waiting fw the prodn eU en of qrlt*Mealram their clement^ (letten,) to throw in fiMKiy made wordiof an hard a natnra, aatoeaaae the injory of the meehaniam. Bat | mar be wrong in myaonahMan* aod, taerenre, •onfearing my «fwn total inability to dimarar thesearct, reqwMl that ya« will , lofeurm me what ancaning, if thmro be aiqr at aU^ttanbes to the paper hqieitian.' I remain, Sir, y Todraoniiartraadar, ra OeBdltmr ^fthemmtrCkmiicle ^s. E9iTo»— lia peroaalof an artiela in ybnr lut wcek% Jforober, hat akrangely poaaled ma : that moeh hdionr had been ef- pandad in its «aaapo«tion wm Mifteieal^ oMoiwt hot altar repeated, r^iMNnn, atKmUtQreadHthnwgil, thadw^i demSrcd of ^iasovering the tHimiif » mnahpainst ^Jmnafa^niae wggwmi. it- self to me. whieh,aMafrt the maay-aniM. twaM whieh I ha«ah^ai7ip the «wme>< tage wUah T havaftdnd, in being able to join heartily te ||w Iraanent UmJi» whieh IthtaoaaaMoaad^ naaastuprassad%thefbar that thoasirth af a»me oOo unfortunate wight of the landktts around me was assuasad, to shield himnom a qnix^bkh ha had brgaghC on himself. I am, Mr. Editor, ' Tour hwnbia Hervanti '<■ OdlTUABT. On Moiidqr^ tk)i 9tb histaat, hetwaan the hours of sbiand eight in the nwrnilng, died, inthepriaaaaf life, John GoH/ a youth of " One of a pair of glaneoas gull*, whieh hsdben taken fntes a neiAQn one of the Nprdi Gaorginn Mahds in the slUiBiner, and broni^up onhoMili when full mwn they shewed no dispasition to quit the ship- 49 Tflij pnmMMi| fMnoi mm tiirRaniiwuy eaddwnHHMi. H* «M dttMrnM fironM a««iml and rwpMUMi flunHj in tlM nortlit uhI »u on hh trtnrato to m* Um «orM, m* eo rojw oiwl to kh trio th ia r, wim ha wm Mkhboif M*eilMil-iiMr, kkTtag hm to d«> ,ploi«kis irwpanWi nM. It to loppawd iMt had ha Ihrad to raoah Bnglandi ha voold haw obtaioad oiw of l,ha ftnt aiMathioa va- aant in tha BritUi Moaemi. ADVERTISEMENTS. TWO ainsBAa uitaM. lOST, withi««k« Ian month, a UND- VSi MURBAYI GRAMMAII and BROWN'S FOUO DICTIOHABT. Tha owner having maeb oaa a iion for tbam, and laboarioK nndar aerioaa faiaanvanifnae from thafa>laM, Jai nd oaa d to oKrthaaboro «•• ward to anjr peraon or pcmna, wbo matr hava rooad, and will rHnm the mma to hiii raaidanae, Bn dd ar H a ad -Hoiiae^taar Aftar* Hold, within tbaanmiagwaclt. Barijr In Mat «W IMMMUNd. in OiM VolamaOm|f«i MM/ kowid in Calf, OLAVii ieiliioiitcUBu I ^iftftftj^*^'*'*** ContainlMinll add aomat aaaannt oT tha Anthoraf OMh actitia b that paper, #ilh fiM-aknHea aT/pavainl of tiM hana>wiwnga. BT fWrSB PKT.ABCIUT. ThhWiliiaidaoda^Md tn aontain ari. tialMM 0* itMf of' dba laawadaa ro monlan* tlonab hol|ih ^niia and vana. whiah ari fimnd in wa aplwMMar «haClMMtta,widit aaplona annptMdia, ainaidatian^ and HInih tn»oni.«f iavural abaanre^ml apnarantljr a«:«talligiMa, pamgn. Tha aMliar haa ■parvd neither tlota nor takomr to murk tha pm«niala, aa tha authar Aaaij aatilhmfahiiHMtf ata kwaaldier to dlafovar tbo ynMf,m mmfal^ m7«a- tkm t iU 'toaa lm oC m (doi, op aVen lii mmft parts totraeotha l^iUM^ga to that oCa^jr known nation, in tamint or uodcrn tIbMs. No. XllI.-^M0Ntl4T, JANUARt £0, 182p. Tnke JSdbor qf th$ Winten Chnnicte. Mr. BdMor, has alwajra «offio in the way, |o prevent mv pnttiof my faitcntion In asaan* tioo, till Old Niekln an a«il hote.'perMiadad me to drop into your ba« the letter Hi the nnfiirtnnata N.O., wUaj^ letter^aiall yow rciaderaknow, ndj^ta* mtll, to nin my own expreanoo, have been *«kept In my bik' etand." HaTing heard It hhite^howavary by •everal peraona whoea gpod taaie and jof^ment I bi|^ty rei|le^, that the anlfjcet of my letter and not it% etjle waa t|tt real oeeaakin of the xanend attiek mnde npon ii^ I am IndnMd to flatter myeelf that it waa nqt qidte ab badly writtan aa aome of yonr witnr andfiMetlpMiririendt pUMboded} and, t ha«» eveji MMnf hopes that by givmi ny eomprtnnsli irU^ pulMiMent to appal aa..i^ithor osaah aym Maoslomcd than nqr. frto thfe »M aiid wiilstmbiad attaeks of die orftisisms. B«f|U sobtp as the roar niiBfriment, whiiui uw a^ntnnta of y<^ eqfaimns hnd raisad at my asMnae, hid sdi- sidcd, andil hadlaissio on^to reflMt on wbi^t^d passed, I, felt eonvHUHHl dMt bow^ aver severe a roasUng ylinr aOrrasmiadants bndtholigkt proper t<(-fN to»,Il|mdeerr t|i«ly i^wiiht it upon jiiy owat sh^MeiS aiid^asrynltaek whieh asi|^ be fnad* otf my. letter was only a ratnrn, in kIm, of wUah I had no right ti| eomplain. It has al> wairs been my wSk 'i» iB^NatiWttto ttiyniife to the sojwort of yitir papier^ b iai rti. I eon- aider it toe 4nnr « evei^ ttaethiiAr of a ioto- monily to db btt best to pirteotiB ibe pnbllB «elftre. And, ihik yonr poner t«Mis to promote tiMtt objeat, noMnaibieman wiH, of aoiarsa, do«ibt. But somethiog or othet. ^ffpp»sw«'*f9sr Ho % • • •••••^•••■••M* • •evcrtif _ Bcioni I M94lPte wtf MlK^i I SMBt no* Um the mlMalw lalo «Mmi IM W on-contriba' ton to jour pMwr ln««laiM» J*. unMint mt hMtk I* Mr* » NfiMtwi* iUMM. « •If pcoBi* wdtr «Im wHil « MiMM iriMi hMtwttMlMlHHfarlhbwMli pMllftAlnr* rm ortl» ^win ■ ff if tl i w p u tffm/ttk f from Sue aMaiWt of lUl M# lHMl# trike. 6*»SM> MMk Mf Mb t«it«n IJNiin tlM klptjAktt Ibr nr tmotifpim MlftM- Mtf*, wHhOQlbtvbg » itftU voril UNHM on to the tm, SMl * iMiilbsit4«d lobi hofflt tll« *«on^ W iiAy tf thoie teitdAr, ^oiMtlMtie Menib «r mine f Ik» Uioom to t^ thif me- AAAtf MiUMrC IM itndw tAe^iumderd! IM fa wiwMlf ebto to MeMiiM Mbir, Mr. B«Mr, if H* b* tr«e» I htH dMMi yittt ptMr towiMltolkejiWMili ■Ml if it vi nel Pftt^ H ii NMMMfM nMn ytut to §eiiirtwlw' Hi mHi ■i * * wmv to ne Wfil^ift iMHI^VlBtot'i We kiM not been aUo who^ to make op ow oMb wItoiNtP #0 iImiiII eoMider tlie letter oT " VeritM** m a nnib i or, hi a rdiSn Ak yon era a mV\V»j 0M, Mr- £ltnM prt j fcf Ibr tho paMa of the WlJater ClirMiale 1 1 toy, Ofrwid^ Mt^^ttMd; beeauae I bad beOii eonAdOrttly atoBi*ed ybbtr aintiiMnta ^^ trtikly d'rfjbrant. odlihll •• men of mItMh hnewlei^e were •tthhoM Mm «ritiot?|k. eaooB it iraa anAet^oOd thai nothing bit iM trifing noMena^ that had lately appearod itotlliFbe aeioptobM to the editor." Atlba^agreat MMrd Ibr yoor paper, Mr. Bdltar. ton «HII rdidily belieto theaa> tbAeHohlMt ondftecrtnMHng the whole of thia to be withoot fttandation, and thia aatk- OatiOD waa eoMklerably ia«i«|Md 1^ the hop« that another pieOeoTtoaitdatwhifn %lfA Naehed my eara ioij^t be emMb tifittM. Thto ia noftto a ehaiM than that lb* Jtwi<- (HI aommmitotitiot oT yoor oonMrnaid^ gre altered, it the eapriae, u^mpmmt Moed, bat of thoie employod umt imir dkcetiort! When I ir«rheaiiim:iiv Bdhor, I «aaM not help e|talalmi|toli«aB liapomMei but m^ inlbitiMiit|win«dtooit Waa tme. •• Ifay," m% hm, " the TSmke hat hiint^ir declared that 1« ha» irti T ) wriona light, and aacording to iia oe« tenrfble porport. Worawitojadgeby the eontoota ahme, we ahoold kwMoe to t^ tint tfmnlM ( Mm to itMh to opW mkMoly oaeto it #«(thyollfimr(ldii b«t fu «rlo tonl OMt- trtto wdto tbo a p ini hli to to latotof oboltto k no jcater. Aa w« aiw iriWMr* to«4y to iHb a toMMM- bl* eitphiaaliMi to UMNO wh» Mk it hi a ton* aoMUe manMf, #« pwpte I voptyi a«id we de»oto the iw aato ar r totoo witk Qwltoa rataetanee, btoooto torMt* itot tiftoi ihtra- ded oaraeirea On the atlMtioii Of OOf readers, preferring at all tinea that they abould be amoied by oar eorreapondenta rather than by ooraelT«a. We notfae, f rat, Veritmli pitoeipal ahum, thai •* original aommanieationa are altered at the e apyiaei^yt of the yto t jade ed; bat of tkotonOdanilamioHMair ▼ ontaa profemea todiabelieve ••thtepieeeoraeandal," ai he tarma iti we ahaH, aorert hal ea^ eonaidcr him.hi oor reply to the penR theobiirtotton, MMto ittotbaiadlvkhul any eontrol over the paper, aiut that hiaaa« vUa, in spite of all lie eali my, take open themaelve* to alter the artielet in loeh a toiBHer, that when he againHea them in hli who really did aa, if liah one there waa, to aaMtKato^Mittwiaitotaii^ that Oflroritoa, ltt«^wpitolMatok#ep. Vtritartinit «ittiaif> bo a ooMrlbiMr ttr ato m ai Mt»IUatot i t ttoftHk, thwtlltohe Wtl dealt lUfN with oa, liaMtMftaMlM bato eMiad hkii to aaknowldtos. that what'' evof Mhah toiiht mf they had a a pw h iie w t , hM paitoa had aetor b«a aa UtotoMy ti«itod4 If. ahthtaoateto>y,theaMMtork| aOtoiHMMrlbtttort M; «kaa othotoai««P ptoyhm ihair fitta. and tohig thMr beii ei- ettiona few dw toMa vMaStoaat, h« Ito wltMMl^«j£»tltopleaor faafaBMyor «Mr oihaf wlkh ha tow «iah to aabadtirte to p B Oftran a e , thoiditoapttoaMlNhipiwtool- 1% a pbbN# good, w* ahoald aOba al t a that the matw» HflM Oh k et lOH iatoKDOeem ot hlii Awt *vw if It kai t (bwaMoh. It would be wbolhr betweea the Wriian aad the Bdi« tari toat thooa #ho do aot ^m, oortahily enri have BO tfito to find ftalt. Bat a aaqaaoat^ thooght aaight hii«« aa- tidkd Veritto^ that tf otidiial aommnaiM- tlonatad been ao abtweOi «• ahootd have heard long ainae aa OMery from the writer* themaehrm. No penoa woald aee hit eom- poaitioii alieM WithoOt af^ealbig to the II IB tOllM ^2SSL»S!^r« .^5»% •^Mt^WllNll ^<. r4(W««i.' Mi JMtan art^j w utucrwOTii in ciinior HH QMM MWWJ ftwtrt of hb ntiMNitlbillir (o Mm inilMW- Imt to Om^^'mnmI u\m hSlmSZSi All htretofora^ w h* will maUmm to iiiiik»> mi VariiM hM kewd siSm «l« Til. *«Umi nM or ttinm» witblioM lloni wrfcini^ koMku. ,. •ndefMood tiMt Mthiog but f/^ ui •M^lo to JM Sfttor.^^ ■Mt ' Af -A^'noRMokvi' t!M|iafM.yrmed. for tlie wooimI time th'w ',uqtf,:tteFwee.or: jMS^WfifiR TEENS. Alter»hkb/tl« ne* Mttiiepl Botertrinmentrf THE NOBXK^ES^T ?A8SAQEi Biiiik^^ *t*HE* lew* *^»' «iSSiee3o«««5r-*2S?^^^ f'Sjeffi.; of th{fbo¥e »»««»^Jg;i niijTbe viewed ^^ «g£**«!!2"rgS3^ the Weft end, at l»er ^w, ^'S'M^K'tL Cheew-muket, P^ni|>-I«!M» qiir*««0' r«r the mmer Chrwiele. Slffii?S5S«*« thefcwiM youth. ^1^ «tniiB m«iit^ somh^ 53 ••*«••••••••••••••• BiMh purion^ mnj reMniniog from tictm. And, l9*kingUiiM our (Mix errors lew; ^ Led l^ His mtrd, who aukle •n4 stUI sqataiat Thii pendMit orb^ tnd o'er Creatioa reifnt. . . ' Boll on, ji wintrjr homrs ! no rtti tro Cmi all joae siortajr horrors jft hnWjf : . A ttinsieAtgloQm t«i nuy awhile iMI^we^ Like jonder ekmd lefiire the mooDrbisaqi fos? ; Botwhen the lamp of We shall f(^y fthine, MHusa youth's and manhood's fires aUke deeline ; And when the Ia|t loodimmp shall Sid us soar To hear our doo^, wh«»i " time shall be no more," ilie sind' relying oil the Saviour^ power. Shall aland un^wited m that awml hour.— His will in earth perform'd— our God shall bless > And elothe the stDBCf* with hia righteoasness! ■ v. ' C. "-^-^ HOTIOm TO COSBKSFOinmNTS^ 7heEdttor wishes tb iMft prevailed U late. ita praetiee, whieh iraoog iome of hia Correapoodents, of persooalljr dldiijerlng; their eoDtribntioos, may be diseontHmetfT The hoY is alwiys to be ^nd on t%.'B^!;»- raom sky>ri|^t. No. XIV^MONTlAY, JAJSVABX $U iBStO. *i I '31 To Oe^EdUtfr tf iht Whtter Chratuek. Snt-*>I eanpot refrain from expressing 4o yon my fbeUngs, on hearing the keen, yet gQod>1nimonr«d, raillery, -with' whiehj in your last Number, you handled the snlneets eontirfoedro th? letter of Veritas. Ma-, ihoui^t ewfyflresh sentenels adctod fresh' etfstbetea I was sippinfc and I do toot when r bHVB:ao-nio.(ft relished my bread and but^ aa oo. Monday morning last T ^ the gen«id 4«^eM]|{ar.]!«NMp..j»b»^ I '1Un4 e«eti s wl b t il w iwrd u^^viifi^mt ?«• fttiii aad ■«««>■ "»ke»--»e'frt }nwm* «» hate the Kingli al!ns «ie^r wtttM. n^ihm iMad of each i aa^jir fm:mmtifm^i^.f^ i^yourpieture, HunAio^Meikift Himim. yoa Utt hanMiikamiimtmMmu^Mki Tohime tUqr wBt eo mgtt » B> . ' ^ ^;< But ydor rtitmAm,Vfaii4:kintribntOll^heNi ava t&ayf' aad IMw aa«we«eil«»* where are I am, Mr. liditor. Your eoBSUnt reader. Para PiiAiinrAT. ,i.jSViMfc'»siaaii»«if*»i** " wTi'J'WB ^^wF' ^ ^ P^^ 'i ' ii J i» •••»•*••••••••*•••< T« th»B0t«r 9ftkg Wtmr CkmiOf. Mm. EaRos«^y«myKi»«^ttf«t^ jour laM vi«OTfbQrtA«l«iN«iif (If jMr ^muMKi, af>» «»IB0» tod Wro ». _,jn>~«Bit|«d» and niM 74M todywr 1^ «iA • 6la|RW 10 yoq, miide lite •mat to »M ftp iriwn I hid BO MMh nfstnjnC- Ton Vi^Smkv wry %«n kiMA thaw H 0^ more IflUmt KKie eoiMMled nndte * ito|^ not fM&eVt ind, n w> nutrace or the ie> fftoM^SiibQm ^hi^haveo^^ fi»^!«itetartMMie^ «|terl«i^#eiii to Mi.lS iHTe ««iij9j»frf iodvrate hU nMatonttdam •MfJ**"^^," fellow*: *'Ainio»iagtoiee, htf^lft «• me* (he pvnyef* oTS* w"*^*^ V J** t'A.mmmAH *»«••* *i*»,*sire* Oie pr»ye»orth*eoBreg«tlwi.'' Now, Shp, tt li, I IUPP0W, hy nme to* Meldentr M tbi»» tl»t one or two of m^ pnaniAlQM hWO been iM^ ■™*'*5' heir hit OrwMetioM Oio* 4*tter«l fM***. 1 tfiitt you will tehe 6U Whtw * «inte«w»* ed,«nir4it«ik«y0^d^Vita1Jiind their t>^ «iid n"* M fattitii. ; ^^^ Giilntatf. Pjwtnr enUwMfito praMeate the «eM if Fort Nefire with e««)T demnorti*' timofvitDar. The «PV»o^t*w »»«* «*«• poihed to tbe /otl of the GImIi Md mm WiMWfib wbfeb eowed jt de»t»oM hat (he mmm of tk« Am^ oT-^e^wt «^ y^ M ouiMRMM^thet it J> oei i iM< | W jpB^^ ri»f (o cdNm ftbiM>> M the u«!^i»i>ol - Ae piviMii preelwIw^AIVlppp them hrtrtriooi •!«•». fcMO mm of thedefinUUipthtTe ierhft«d,(nMK«tfrth»ge- noml't tNWtis ire dmoii daily eaptured, and didM who «Mip(i (M ateel. are given over toilicilaMM.* , . , ^ ^ u The .Ihiif ^ OHm^ouivn,^ hw iMsen a nartiaolar dHeet ot .attaek, botihe only ad. W^tasea i4iMi faiin» ai vet reaulted, are the han4« oTodO ot tiiro of ihe JrWjw qf com- Muhidli^; whobe defence had not been nraH»lyatten»Mt&. tlw general'! oppo- netali iii. ho«^«*«r, nflf Idle, and hit oost; art hifce«iiit& ibooyod bv red hot thoU Skifiiiiiheahiq^I^a «»ery day, and frequent d^t^riMa irtjittettptidbythe besjegera, bat theyiife mjeraiS^ 4efe«ed with fow, in ^^nS^ BlejrhatriefiiaJly turfirUedihew tbHhilkd. Stratageiiafiirnu, apparently, a favourite «urt of the general'* ayateni, M» relation of mL with ieTewl adberrota, were lately bmki eboMMed t(k «e «flt«r-^ait*i and it preaeni remain In *" dwfanee^ile." _. ^ On a rw»e»it oeeaaipo, thljOlBaerl* ro***^ •d 10 have diiipUyed a dbsn«0*/ea«M never before iHtne«ted,,whi«J had the effeet of iiapaEdng ntrprUiag Jimmen to bis troops. It ia truly remarkable, that though these troopaawait the jharge perfeetW im- toOveable, *oy ** W **«» C«« eelen^ vhen expOMd to a Mv5yfire. The general's fanes are expected to be enUrely broken earty in the aummer, an^ prepaMtions are makbg Ibr a vi^wttai pdftait; of the en- tire success of whieh the most sangmne Hi^^m^^. ^^^^^ . A naket^ Mai>^k to cart df Ms MajM- ^ ihl^, i»bo haa **%jg*5?»*j^'£3^ ^ift ti. m^Siwflif^^ SL «M*: Wm Mii>ia«ro)ii «tr tl ftrtntOic ih te«#*ftfc were MllM i»4he «•«*«*» te i «pidy t* fiiiiM*WlMr* I- aoaaing m eooiaetwith (W ^2SSiM<*botl|iafe«cMl'empl«yed1o-worm tlkeOteora^italAift. 4 HaiaeAof tha dog* on bOand tht tfechi. ntiiiJCimst. « w« «>■ ■— »m»»» n »»» ADVERTIdEMENT. ibr iHmpmUfen NEW rVM3aQATlQK$^ " He irdklefMilt iltUtateM, tUl^ aloft toe fame," And "liM^ln eanlii." Uihe t^w. and #^»# it(H ji# Uibii^lied* iModiiMielj ^rintio ib onib iiciit pcwket Tplume, lamo. pric^«>.,6(l., half bonnd, THE NORTHERN iiilLklii;^;* Being a ohoiee «ilU«dM ef tt« noatan THA NOHTHmMlIA NUT^mAOK. Hens ■ wiWM^ wpuuimig vpwwlli Bfw honored pun«« biitt<^iiB4|t, repaHeel tiei IK. itA^««Tr»r ]fn lM«i<|lrl|lifNit|||ei ' ele. Attr Pnta^ 01^ ' " ' KinaLiriniM Le Sa»*#itrt«yiot wiBg* they gcw^. '■:•."""; ■im. ., . .. ■/■--- Sr.tdtl«««dl9o'.. . t jj|5^ii«yerytr«5. * And wthCoUy y««»pf"«"f ' Until yoitt P««9 ler, _^.:„ ..T«m.^ ,,,,; A'ScittBUOU- It hM^enW inwet pleiiareiii pereeiirei corretpoodentadoring the lMt#eeki JEo^\ of Uieie ««• eekoowkdgmente •!»«••»«» pahfamlarijr to the aottor <«»";' ljl"«"£ eeited by the Aarbif Boreel** T«*'P'»'' aaetoi we do not Mt«ti p V^P^f*^ ooe» exlremely deieriptlwmd highly po?- deal; we eomnttidiite flor re*^»r» on vaeA a^MqiU^n to our FoetV Comer. No. m^rr^^i^^^* FEBJIUA^ T, 1820. ■i-- the CwwMitfce «r ^*W^^^t^^!S^ the •«i|8e|ttenr«oi^««* '2^«22S^ S^*^ eetafWl ly i»o other, wcwre SSrSiei^ dertreltodo their bfrtfiir the 3 iyii««S ii^wA6j»dtoftiCei»oi»^thiia»> > Akrt of iB«l«iW for the rewlli- •id^^fit ««1 SSdlly*Merhitoiihe IWely wd |*i|ii«i^ |*eiili(i^*hW»fow «Med ^Mdie «4lMM«ltion exeeeded. w&e f«-< S^oCOwMteee^ Mr. EdUol^ tr? iidt aainaMtiMediMiD • Wiffi* "•"^fWr 00 « fi«itrepwi*nieth»^ft» feiwrelt^, SLewr. inJiSw H-tf on tVirmfiidji and pnperee^thMB to eater otore §llfyjMo ttei «Wr of the t*oe on n^eoond perferi mnwe, when neeriyiU tne Aipt^mt before eMVed their oo»iee,buwtap«the«». nnd the entertahimeilt affi)rd(»d w^eonw- alio ««*li^li5iW^itov|diloe, to ing1hatth*%«*«»i*il'5»Wont**^ ex- e«tl«Mi, wer« iapMif&dwHhmoAgreatw mintetion thin iSfere, tM that the whole pieee wW eondnited with more imiirie^ and niri^ then any former repreeenUUoooiii **^*|riitliii«lwi>n«i« Swtetion^ *«* ^Wre theSr^^^^»^^ t&AS^Teeiite^ Mr . Editor, I woobl nM(iii^i#ti«in ' '.' '^ -' Mr. EnrnMPW&r » itit«H«^*«^ on Moadey BBOr^^ hit I met wljhooe of m <••!••«••••••• • tiirt»;iWtt»ti> wMl Mtm ■nd mutilnted, (b eooKtqaeiMe of iiumUU drcadfal buImIj, t^Mt I aoaM Mir««if MOOg- nnethe paw iKde iiMimt/M^ifiAUaii ■were ao ahoeked iqrUM a^Ung «|^Vtl»t k »aa aome tine befti* I regained upmml'. aerenity. 'On neoferiag H liHhtiJ'mB laif eeiirQiioii, I determined on Uykif m aaae bcfbre yOur readera, ttiroaa^ tbe ■oediam of Tootr paper, that thejr mMit adopt ptoner meamrea fqr tfiirding asB&t a ainilaif i^ilfiWIimk. , Don't you tMnfc, Mr. EtPtor. ^ira is a deftet in oar legi8l«liiirr,,nBd'tIiere inig^t, and oof^t to be, aooac law enabled ^ pan- iahing the, miiereantau'wlio,dnderpr«tenee of nendinr tlie oonatftmidna «f. their patientf, torture and mangle tMm to death t I an, Sii^ ' Toot ij9M obediiiint aarvant, Amm AHTiHWALr. IBad our Ah* eprr eipood( led hei lent omitted her 8^{natnre, and eoneealed her aex« ve mkbt have been ao moeh milled as to ramid^, her .leiteralloded to an alteration wbien'we felt QjKrielTeB eompeiled to make in the lines' in- aerted in oar nst paper, and vhieh'were sent to ns M having been fband between the jtvo shiM. '' , Bat as the alteraUon waa then aeknovle^ cd, and aa the result of neeeasity, not as a supposed improvef^ent; a* it waa, in fiwt, the eorreetiott of a nip of siteh'kiMtnre, th«t we are persuaded no nnnele pen would have ita^de, we are driven thMn this ioterpreta- tion ; however maeh we midit deaire to avoid the alternative, of being wholly at a loss to disaoverthe lady's meani^; perhapa our readers maybe more sw e e e aifal, ana aa we have already had experienee of their inge- nuity in solving enigmas, we solicit their as« siatanee. THXAVRICiJL m9Wtt, We feel, if it be possible, even more aatii* ftetion in aotieing tfac.eftt^ wldeb theiMK eond represenlati(^ <£;Jm»-im,ktr*JPieH» has produoedt tfiarf^Hm.wa^ hid. the phsa> sure of eoogintalipg anr,. Readers, «a ita saeeeas, aa the oti«sA| |!J^ B «.thy wfcoviwtii^toated that several l^yi woaht fd|», rither than ioae, by repe> ^tiM (ehl«47 fiir M|iM>s whieh are aa^ed ii)yiiw«anm|Mnd«bf»*'^^UM^^ we vNeMH^hr leased lofind that tine interest of the attOwnee'Mikeecded rather than fell shnrtof ouretpiatatioiiai ' Of the altraetioaa and feaahMtma ttf novelty noeie ean be ana- ware i and did' we powesa the meana of bringing out a auee^siomif hew and auitable pieeeS)lt is probable th«t there woald be no qoeathm aa'Mr the ^tpedienqr of doing lo; and tMUMM* iUiMonal traiAte that they wonld weastDu; weitld b* bat littl»' regnrded by the g^tfaaMflfi %hp^ have so ah^rftdhr and iffltttatly «BMrt#d1iMaM9«is<« lighten the ledMsneaa of oarwilkter. RepetitioB night then (V it e^r tank plaee) have been editeed to l^bi9t whieh had riven » more thib ordinary ^£:;«re on their flrM peHbr- manee.' 'INptifwehav*Ueebri|jhtlyinfermed that theehoiev ot tlk*^ njumwing eoramittee has been dividiMI betw^ 8m meassre whieh they ultimately ndbpUM, aad th^tdMlre to nnderlMk^ioniii dr'tMthrwB remalantg playa, band, or 7A« fTowV-^diat in thehr xeal to attempt whiMefer' It' inMit be posaibM to eflSset, they did aolitallyfer a time eontcMtt- pfaitotheperfbrmanee of one of theie pidys, oiiMdmwiaiMof theabsohtte hmdMiaaiey of tileir toeanaJdbliged them to reUnamish fei if sosli he' faideed the ease, we do notliesltato to eonskler them entitled tothepnUiethanka foradherinf to th*' piinelple ef asiveltir aa long aa; it eoaid well be maintained. We expresa ^«pmkm in the perfeet reeoHM- tionthaither.rcaoartea of. the theMrshhave been^ fqnnd eompetent to do fall jostlee to the only five4wt plar whieh^ baa been at- tempted But the ^M StnkefifT a W^, defers eitentially ftom the thnte phnrseibove. mentlMed; it dependl upon the inll «Ad cs- ertioQa oj' # singia aetor, and In this respeet we a#eiMMAkfi«ent{ wMsreaa the other pisys, bidependiiit^ of much diffoal^ in wMtteiy afuf deerieationa, woald re^nire 4 greator nattiber«i^atna4w(eMaator%maehaliovepn#, bothi» t|i«,«aie, ascwetteaa 'female puts^ tha«i>«ar ^^fetitre «an pradneft Wb do not feai^< eeoaotef in msfting this avowtf r we at« pei«|adl • ^»va^^»v^ip ^^w^^w V ppwww* ■• «*^nnHi OHmana^ f*^^^ ^^nr* diHM iMilf ibmmgit theaa^ to pkee^ dNMi* aeW^ ih iitaatidiiii inwhiah.it.ewi ttt an poaMbte dis^redil tathem to M^, Vtsm^m net de«i||(i Ihettto «xorij.«Ar wnrid iMMMH tioiihhve eVep prompted them to todto the Mtempt. I ■ii ^ W'l «^ i > i n tMyMal»l|i -'fsmmk^z i8i«l»*»'-«*- '>lMr.«M««te- W^ VOf"'"' ''^V^ ^ - ™'' J»3pB^^5PSPSn^rST "■;m; ^'^.'/V'yAji'if,! I'riTWu'"? "tw^^s^r" •tH« , M>««*M»M#«**««*» 1 * I • ojp(,,lkftrt,«Me4rrtMifJ^^ ^J^i, 'mssM elMdttMip, bimonhbinMei It ^ T f»?« •M MK» ■:m^ > 1 ■ - MlltlCMlitf' r'^. s» Dew« whoM thrML whm wmting prqr« HaplmtdMklinn find tMr va^i . v . Well 1 kMw, vbm oiMiy diwl Y«i Mn piMM « «kj MMt. ,,> ; . ,. ,. Com*! IbrlMppjraratlwirAtM Whoare MBoUwM on- plMn, Tomb'd joar wei|.pUi Doll and formal owb, away, Toq, aa nadew thii^ mar May i Tet yoor Aim I wooH retiise, Men of aaienee toamose. Come ! bot only twP?_y«S will endmfOttr ttf toIlM flompla(n of. Hovolwr Mem to yoo, in the«e Uirto* i like to rMd fbr an koar or t#o;« andavf r to writ* a IMlkf tbo daily roPotkioKi of ' avdaUmiiy/and tne weka«o bMn'*tii ' Under Itkew alr-^ .- «(«atiea(•ily of ^t to W»ae«nn,yoawai,i|Mli my feellnn of wnoyj^i** WJJ" Me dlitorbaneea U» whWh M' t^ rt.IanudetotMhiWtojif'"^'^ >rtof oiir eommuiiity kaw jeott laHudetotM Wktoji*^, brrtof oiir eommuility kaw mmm Her life, and whlok (kvy «oi^m« daily, to tfce Internmifen of I triout, andiotheaWlote- ■erioas oeavpatton. I haw , -'^•r'jjrsn s^-r.. fUtM theae aiinoyanoes, or «WWwS*2g» iMMtiM them, under H!naratelM««ww«ii« Uie llrtt are the fFah«fer», r leraUe ear tkemtwHrea, •« ttie rem of lu hate any ei» eontliiuall* ietwadkil 01 Wlrtt' Marek,** with whtkmfc » w^ Mt«m of etiw leader ^"^ or the vkiallera ^trt M< than one, and In thataliir lUlowa : wMMler the flratr A.) eommeneea a tone « \^,mrr' r^ -rr-^ mi) take* ft up aboor «h»^iHNj*S^ ' Sf:an?aeeoi»panie. hfm to ttr*^--"--^ Qave, by wbioh A hai fir " taeaMiinoBeontkiiiefcand jail ft yon are ilfttllHyureelf with a hope that he aho #m MM bo vhMled, and allpv yo« to fwr. MM «oar MtdmniMiita, a third wUitler (6) wmJ wumr ilMl Wmmtrtt whoaMelowly litt^laM, Had are dMnioUMl th* ipMttrpart of the day hi 1^^ diey oMallr do out "^'^"^* time. They are _.tal thaa the whb* inf tnnei, eonfinfaig ea to^^ th$^MMt>Bi«lodie«, or eome tkihi^t^mS^^ theM they will ft lletMkedWW two oeaoMMnHy, iMtttiUeriiMB inu«bwb>«>>»>on>JM and motieal, apon a hanMoveratf bMK, whkih thej keep by them ibut for the par- poee. I beg leave ilrongljr to reeommend thia mode, aa inflnitely mora »Ml Mid gMtf tienan-like than the other, njUeh eOMbM hi mfrely thumping the table aaiM«Vali/ with bothhantf-. like a eommon dMifiaif r; and qtaUngU. eandlertiekt and Ink^dl m; , a honi'pipe. Perhaps these lint three elsBses mirht be employed with advantage fir a eovple oT honra ayDy^ hi whirling, hnmmhig, and drumming to the Mipa' MM* panies, when they take exeMsei ayl a ea«> venient spot for praetising, their arte might he selected fai thendghbontlioodorthe boat- hoiM!, or the green ravine. , Fourth in order are tlw - fcmw i t .ah*. ■ever bring a bookorade*,<«%lf «wr the tethct9ble, wkhootbangtogSt dMia«llK aU thetar asight and main, tOthe|Wr Mighhow'k writhig. ThipMp^^Mi Mem intmded toaniiomie»l&WlMlj|M» aaid Bangers, as if they 1|g^MMM. "Behold, I say! I am aetnaily^gnlog to write!" Soeh an event wMAr^ nittlhe eonfoascd, is singnlar enoorii m tel^ ( vital importanee to JBs idl. *M« I* think, he announeed fU%^n€ jN*^-;^ with aeeriealeap awlbiHa,sjieh as i» 4e- Mribad to have beeawom by Counwjwr Pnntewell 9b aearlab (MWi^ont theJMHe of the belh wwddgive aatMe Mli«|i tp^iir appwaah, »nd save t|f» li|#»^r* »W t£arop„ifhieh^ *W*|glmsMar:MMfl#o Wf have wutoedsoah fer^elion &, ^«^ii*- «(, that it ia nvi rM ItresambieathaMMnA oranevrs'hoy'l' vagiriarand nSM men wpim ^^ fm Mm^ their propeMMr to pull their own nns<^, without annoying their neighbtNir'i ears. Hariag alrewly eieeedcd the limits of a let- ter, t am under the neeessMy of eonelnding, nVIm hviii« kail finished my list, and shall, perhaps, resume the subject at soma fntnrnthM, sImqM I ase oaeasion to do so. In the OHiimwTtile I remain, Mr. Editor, TjimffOMIient Servant, Z. BIBTH8. '**?f.212riaJ it last, at her residence , Bed •place square, J Mousewell, of a son htar* Inrprisirg as it niaV appear, irtbeleai if tindoobteil net, that nts were endonted with the po»er ^^fnc#itelyon their birth, while ^^ iS.'Wlfctlll^ideSt ST- ..„,.. ,Jt eo«SM|«*Mc, as the former having MnMbMukthocntranee of the apartment, was m Mwrdy bruised by an attendant lit hopes are indulged, I ktter will enjoy per- .fcetsiikt. . ':"___ ]^p|$t|q INTilLUOBNCB, lie. , is now generally > to North Georgh. • ,,« ,.»^„r^ „_„_,'fcf at least fifteen ;»{Beks part, have been mode to secniv him, liave,'«e at« haj»l^y to find, at length suo- MiidMt, m» dM fi«|hM' may eongratntate ttedkiwvw •n tbdip IcIWeraikee from thia 7;Hsfe«^1riH-g;*#*i«k oM time seenwd v^itiiialbil^MNlnpry to the community. ^;pl4 plteiirtwtteohcenihtg him. ^ :W^lrlt^1lM sevefa or eMit head% and aa many tongsesi some of these were very ve- ' nSSia. Tliilr other* otily snarled and - grmrM. M *«re P«He«t«T »»•"»••* . lie auinner in which these heads. Ice. . Ms'isM giyiaallv jot «i? of/>y?*"l rShiaonipo^, Willi wtiMl «t*a»^ fiii that «««P*^to Nt.g, lS!^S&m^^fm6k^^ in on. ;3 4'»*«V,-^V-^«rtfc te .'/ sM • ••••••••• ••••••^•^ 0TANX48 1! ' ,'.>i» «r> ■- tVt .fi ■* .A- (.'■ V ■'.! •,•-!> '.#. 1 "■' ■ .* -" ..' - ('. •. ^i .'. ,..:m t'«i« '^'W'^m li^i *imjit*kmm 91X Ilir.'fM^IPlMkr^iNi^, MOT Ja Ik* MiM viiaw^il 'iSSS^ M-WUOfUMt «£? iMd^MMqMAlrith [>" * uu ^•••••••••••fVt t*«« BMiM iNMOnii For »y o » hurU ytii mmt ytar povV TMI^wt i lw ri i g lav at B«m9% ahriot. ' faeoii^i»oiiDBirri, TiM wMMMMiiMlilMlMte A. T. and Gon- tflmm kava baaa reoaivad. I iaito M^y tot aaf aaaapaa* Thal4a#iriio fiaarrala «Mi kar iMtband ' -aMM^aMaM'aaifiMi fai»aBaaa»4W) FMar%wi]ria«Rdari Tlw Ui^iHm If MTflriMd M. «B1 la al- laadadlak No. XVIIi^MONOAt, FKBEUABT tl, t8f0. .'!?, tfrViMv'aa laacri Uk* Htda^lMi Aa iM*4oau|fT' af MP Biaa'to'MiBap''(lpa' wr VHM^ MB VVaw 1HV,4P*aBIBa *T9 tn aar aot b* ttaiMarcaliiig to jNMr raidaK U iraa tni^ dI a te aMi m loaaa the loagMid I la wlA Ilia WMmuTin^ Mpr nwi jM( ^MdHaada [■5 la fl i| il ii , <|ii awj ^igiii, , ant apMa ao'iaaairt 'ia MMNf tMlr'la^%lillli> lirir at llrt ' wak atHwJ hiiftira tfii!,iili. SStr £ htiatSfiaflg ^^^ ■•'f**J''ir «.AiSSPA *SSll»ft . ll^*'^Ml,'iBii>''T fft ■aV^wBMr pHMMNa IM aiMMNHMMfMI Of AmM haa Mhiiicna^MiiMr ikm-^m^"' vtoj/|Bt.kfirSAii.. bcpMiUf ,11 .jii|.- al iim^Mla aFito WSi^ii#.vfMii ^i|piiliarii.a w aa aatlfa tf aleerful nOtt. ■pdifeaii fcai i ll i I k Utonte t Amiditalltta aaadiMiaxIMi «a lava leen sailed upoa wme i^mwrngw an '.-aw gaimt MinrMwa aiadi^>i,(haaMelvaa onder tbia afllictiaaf Llftt *|# la raaorded to their iraoMrtal mmmt, iM tfnjr patiaotlj bowed do«p« awir am/ft •>»« tha itrokc, and iattead af nWOiful Mid ateapleiott, nothiag bol— iftWMai l iai || #i ,tll|-dtaiag aariMi^ .. ^iOa do di^tMnk aSw, Hr. I4ilar, what «• hate iMMi aad ai« atitl^ aadenni hg ftr aur eaoatiyV^la f Uitle <|p thaf and that at ona «f ynar eaHy aorrmpon- wart •mk.vitimC uymii^ aOmi^ that anee m lMt|-.pii|i >• baiavleanM- dqaed (p ^^^ P|rtpii4 i4tffNil«i iff |4iBg wiUMMtolir dliiiMr,o>ornM|gUBf it 64 • ••MMKMtt «pMlMirftpoaa4«r4mliaMt.diliBkniil. imiimmmitf, mpMtei Ik* Ml (Mr by croo who havfl iMdimafdiMOMiyf ■d,MpMtoN]r b«m befbrr nniiiniii t » (hil mIm tN ■tl«klmtbr«tf^MMri|t>|^ »r««5^|js&£ S^ Torfir okMBcBt Swnut, k M bafore, laiidab|« Toar'MMiiiMit 8«riMt, SliHMf 8R<«iMnr. fV Mi «^ll»»< #j?W^^5inN«l. nniATBioA» nMunr* ^^U^^^^^^- ^^^^^L^^^l ^^^^k.MMft ^^Mba 0» Wcdneidqr iMt wn |Mrf ii tf ' T ■J' '^- •• ,! fbrljMr|Ptiiii»;f » i itfri i f» ' ■i"i*.''' -! '.:!•>■' \-.,.!.--i,».-.y , Am iImv »/ dMMrk Mtrirr. yfy im» vHl Mk ««f« MMftiM, ^•^J^^BW^ ^^^PW AfiP^W BW^^r w Hi WM . ,n soul' USBCllS aoae li— ihtt Dluwr ihtw. AMt MMMMliiigUl TttJiHkwwii fbrMiffclk TsvtlltwaMk T*hiipm iite fW Iot tAilMlf ImM. tkintth 1 mM, Mjr |«iMk iMhl UldM'tMte' A»dttettUt«Mi^ 1tlMy11«lMiaM?Mi N.IC. X'mjiol DOW ta 0M «M t WttfDiti^wsmlM No. XVIIL-^MONPAY, FRBRUABt fit, UiO. •v.;-;!. ;V ••.,'' , *>*/ r-'-:i w t ' .»■»».• ■ ! S«,'.v ■!---i*- u j. i>A*hT- •' m^fk ^'U yoorGi. V|^, 10 W^IHr« ft IH. tldi 1?1^ Wt H MOQ u they open Cheir eji»,ti^t bummers ordnunmen, or lome oOMrif di4 iH% «Im^ I lHr*o Mora d wwifctd. lUditr, ilMirafiM, Itan be «he immum ^ rdU^ MorUMet of ooe hooi^ qttletduiaf tfiediv, ItfilndiDg flNdtwithtolMdriile • M»am mWoI Meep^ I dmll dhmlis fhti pert «f like Ml^ irilh espnalMr ft Uteri thii Mtte iBcbnit maj be wgMliarf ^Mtyng ilMfte genHomni lo tteep vkkovl miont^a Ptt4ins h vdjpit beof ed>MiM^> itaft Wl|i«ft iliftiiwd to eseh of then ft ta»* Mtv im» M «e an toM ty GtOHter, wm fMitp«a^iftL9«itftbiire. taitwttfi$m mariiiee «oiild emfybe trfthied to tUf i mg i^M be hMtraeied to |!fe them ft fftM iinprtbos tathe etf «t emi^nora, ftaa fbratoHinooth ihcaftdowB* to n-eompftn thfttti to deep, takfaig partieabr eftM, irhWi^ gtnr dwt' pfwtiee lraftl4 eneble them to ao, totteke ttMft Mfl the iloir ^kMf •buplf, bat1»i^tiwaiMt6nmi|Mnik« •bMiitdy ft««bofaiftliMi. I now eotttilottipSniKra, whik bf jirm neMM or other, hftre got eat of uiefr plMO -»»»»•'. tots^mrS^" m V u in my «ateloMe, ai OmrJi^^iM^ Jto Mne M' lowed Uw^ioweni h n! mf$ }mmm* Uw ofTenee tb«y give it ehidly J^ (m MMt. Th^y are, however, M one ewi^titt fxint, the vfry revene of iM Mo««»( bawMw, vhcreu ibew last m jAwm mki§ their pockt^t-hwidltemhkft, the SoMfcriMiraraM anj , liUi perfoiMi the Mune olBoe more Mo- nomieally, mort freqaentlj, mdl mart in jiutioeadd» withs lew Biowen. The SnifTen liave been oiMerfnd toinereMtTery mueh linee the UMoold wc«tfitr.Mt in, and ttiereia, perhaps, tQme eieiMe tier tlMlb{ bat I do hereby eiv» notiee that all GMffing, after the 10th of aiareh, aaoat bc j on i idered alnohitelj inadmiwUiir; apdlheSnilibnare hereby required, in the iiirah time^ to pro- vide tbemMlvee with a proo^r nmnberof fcandkerehieft, and to blow tneir noaea like gentlemen, after that date, on ptdu of be- hig poMed for the nte-perormaaee of the •aroc in the •neeoMWi week** newanaper. Next in order on MfliM 1 tnd the Shnn- nen, or aa my eorr^mQadent X. haadeno* roinnted them, the DociyBleaimera. Tbeae, Mr. Editor, are inde^ atHr. X. has ex> pivwed it, - a daily and boorly ineomeni- enee." Bat alai! wbat.ehanee ean uy ef* fort of mine have or«orrt«U«f this noiqr praatiee, .ii!l|eii.«feo a ef^^opest pabMy made by the «omtD ider Of the expeditioo In have merey on hiL< own door, and the ad- johifaig balk.heads, hoa not yet had nj per- eeptiUe eflket? It is not neeevary lbi-«M- 10 explain in what the art of the Buuamers eonsiits, for t(ie word ainat^at on«e Mnvcy tooar minde,wbt;oar e(m*^ inedMlaM* If in the habit of cxperienaiQ|. But there are some eireamttaneea attending the prae- tiae of this ait, whiah my eonatant observe- tioo haa msde me aeqaafaited with, and wbMi yoof toadert w'dlk opM irM, IM to It asaybe relJedon aa an laeoatroeeiitible fwl, that the iioree wWi whiA tiM Siemmere alMtt thedootfb js intended brnem, as hf 1lie.Baa|ert, to afmoaaee thearaflrivel ;.fi|>, widbottt se«M sneh iamns, so important an evootmi^passihly remtlnnnnotieed, and fiirthiillMV would never liy ^ ve themselves. Soaseef ibe.more invetertteof thb elii«k, afterthiyhave stammed tkn . door wWI be- ooosing energy, on entering 4an,d awhile to «anre theaoaelves that all hands mw: mede •ware of their eomiM t and then, and. not tjlllhea, eomplaeenl^ take their seats. It iaeoA»ab«cn remarked, Mr. Editor^ tlmt Ittle people are more eonaeqaentild than «Kote who ere taller. Whether this be the •aae or not, 1 will net preteniltB determfa>e;t h«t eertahi 1 am th«l» ■mUtTmj f!k« exin- ttansblhe psat^popleaf ipmr eommtnfar alass thadoort «e bnnM* f'^ ^ >lttN* ^erM», and i|i|j»Qrdio| to th« |»piiUr notion, to his eonseqoenoe altio, tbit I trtMlM bi0 boand to goem a man% height within' att inch nr so, by the manner hi whtieh he shots the door. P^rftipi, If >oa Jvmw my ovWi T,ikM all siie, yon v.'ohld allo# foltowing (.rjseri^tfaed Mil per» aoMi reeling to « senii^ of jatlea and tritth. Yoor Kingblower ' has been ce- elaimodt bat nother b se bed as vrw. I havertM^nd tiro, whirtler* stifle tlMb> tones in the mkUte, and thoy mav therefore be mA lohelMilfeorMeledinthiarMM. . 1lMB«i4»n M Iwgh •t«yiekt( bat dn«,^ithing hap> mony, that my senses were soon lulled htto • most deticioua torpor. The tones, to be nue, were sometimes broken by harsh and ^iMonant notea, bat for the moat part their IQ^od^ aboadanlly compensated for those trifling aunoyfeuees. I .w,uh it vaa in aay power to give you an adequate idee of this aKrial concert; but as it would be vaht to attetjipt such a task, I shall oootcot myself with tubjoinfaig a short speci- pwn of the language, leaving the rest^your " "^' "'.loo.- ■■■,-■ '^ --■ . sndeat oiW— In shady graves- -4ieigh Do!>-i>b^t pregeny of Jove«M>itte times 6 ia Si-^llts hero fired— iRntal eharms— Hea- veoa vaat «^Mave^«bqand in firm ice the fetteMd stt:Aa«~pshaw!— flour and suet for 491' 4*} e->Mr. Editor-' Soft was the luktre of her heavenly eye, like the mild splendour of ah aretio shy— Coals two eh*ldrons*<-alaa! wo la me— can- dles— «fter-4)old-'^on—Contri-Mlo!~fa— oe.'* At the shot eooled^ the word* gradu- ally lengthtoti, and betfatte Incoherent ; then wen only half ^nraalcd ; knd at length the sound finally ce*nog, all li^as hbihed in ail«o6e. It has frequently been the subject of re- gret with me sinae, that from the want of talent, I lost so fine an opportunity of fur- nishing something for the last week^ paper ; it is, indeed, a pi^ some others of vonr eor- responikmts were not present who, oy exert- ing a little oC their wonted ingenuhy, mMt soon hfive collected materials enough Ibr either poetry or pi'oae, and rendei ^d their apologies nnneeestary, beridesfiHingthe half sheet which the disappointed community was deprivied of by the frigidity of the weal- ther. However, should their wits fail them upon any future oecssioa, a gloving loggerhead placed in any of the eabins, which probsA>ly you can point out, will not foil of supplying abundant atoie of elegant, witty, and Bril- liant deaa. I remain , Mr. Editor, Your most obedient, PeifikoTok. For the Winter Chrmiicle. BBFLBCTIONS OCOASIOIIKD BT THE n»X AT TBB UBSnVA- ' lOHTHorsijATVrnrrEBHABBom, nsanrAKTSi, 18i20. THTmeroies^O Eternal King! ' Still guard the creatures of thy powV, Thy glories wbnd'ring angels sing. Thy goodneu marks tlw pauing boor. Dark, fcymleis chaos at thy word Sohmiisive into order roll'd. Thy httid the new creation stored, ' And deckVi the skies with living gold. Eaehfleetfeg ancment meaks thy love, Our ev'nr pu^lse proclaims thy grace ; To distant lands if W{B remove. We still thy Ibving-kbdness trace. When home upon the qorthern bhut Was heard the dismal cry of fire, Aehin^lro*ev'rytK)som paasM, A naniie|[eas horror, deep anddfat. But hope again each ere illumed, Twas hot our ships Involved in flaitie t\' The labottri of our hands consuoMed, Tet we survive, td praise thy name. At such a time the scene how dread ! Keen frost pervading all the air, Had quickly number'd with the deiw] The few the elementa might i^are. Thou Great Supreme, Almighty Lord|, . Preserve us sue -ironi ev'ry ilL > Thy foardian pretence still afford*. Arid let us taste thy bounty still ! When« at thy hod, the doom-born flame. Shall burst the womb of ending time. May Jejid^ merit icive us claim 1 dwell with Thee in worlds tubtimet. r t / m USES SUGGESTED Bt THE DEATH OF A GULL, woo WAM BI7BVT IH THS tlBI WHICB BBOKI OUT IK TO OBSnTATOBT ■OnC. Vmunt gall, tby laekleu end May alitiMt olmim i tear ; And Uiof lb air that will attend III make the matter elear. I feel, Hb tme, lome lenae «f piin Your mflPlrings to review i But aueh regrets are ever vain^— Min Jenny Gvll—adien ! Thr paivnta on'Uie Ma-waahM heaeh iTeil, piened bjr fatal lead t In rain from awift ponaei'a reaeh Thywif and brother fled. WtMttho' denied aloft toaoar, Orakiim.the wateranmnd ; Yon both upon North Georpa'b shore Pea-soup in plenty found. Yet food afibrds but atnall delight When aquabblea break our reat; And John and you would often fight. The cause youraelvea knew beat. fiat Johnny died— and this Utst souroe Of pleasure with him fell. When dire ennui's all^retfU; force Did in your bosom swell. AtHength the ftital mom arrires. Unusual flames aseend : Had you poaaeas'd an hundred livea. They all had found an end. Por the Winter Chronick. A PHILOSOFtoC REVEIllE. Poo* utter'd renwmtaof ay wash, Tbo* yoa no move my thoiiUenfraee ; Ycxpithm w«dd appear a9 i«sb» I must pnt on a amHiBg faee. Some taiMeaa-^ill -leu some, 1 find. Some collar^ieaa and armTless to(^ Seme quite to tMcr acoreb'd b«id«4> And all wilLineaidiiv want,; with new. I'is very true the ahhta are gone. But what are they. If aafe the akin ! Some skins Pn lost, but there is one Yet safe and sound— tad thiit I'm rp !. 1 viewM the blaze, and bit My thotnba^ Then heaved a aelentifie sigb } But since the elicfchi^ pendnluittS' Are saved— 111 no«r to dkiner fly. No. XIX.~MONDAT, MABCtL 6, 1820. To the Editer of the WMer Chrtnide. Tas ery of Beform having reached even to North Georgia, 1 shall reqneStof you to exert your interest with Z. in iw behalf, trusting that the eommiserathio' «Ueh my ease mUsl moonrii' Iain, Sir, Yooi' obedient Servant, Naibait LtOHti^aow. Tothe EOim-t^the iTiater Cknnkk. Mt Dkab Sta-^aptlvated bf dM^eiiea- ey, the wwpiiaitM. lwntinMBt,'awil 'a {•I iiiiliveoee ualtfiied woo- mt, dmmtik. il'UiiB'teiider- 4HplM«db]r Mtion ef iiis htt my mne leUatOfkob- lution of the r codcftveur- II*. e*er«obliged .Ekslt. Chronicle, jaae readerr { to do with ought proper to aname mj ii|Kaatan in your lut Number, ■ndwho teems io be lOwellTened in the art of extraeting, not only lenie, but *< abun- dant ttorf €f efepnt, witty, and brilliant idcaa,** from loflRrheadt, I bq;todiielaim all knowledge of or eonnexioo with him, and tft ■dbaenbe royaelf a* bclbre. Your obedient Sertant, Pnnve-ToK tbx F»r. To the EtHtor of the Winter Chnmele. SiK— Being one of thote who have felt it my duty to contrfliute^y mite oeeuionally towards Ailing the eolurons of yoor Gazette, I have been desiroat tor these two or three weeks past, to drop something into your box, and have therefore essayed to write an article, but in vidn ; the severe eold weather whieh called fordi the apologie; of your more constant correspondents, in the last Number hot one, has so cramped the few ideas which I possess^ that I liare been ren- dered ti tally ioeapaUe of producing any thing. Ukier these circumstances, I be- eame a^pret insive lest the same cause pro- doeing simihr effects upon our community in general, f hould leave your pages blank, and deprive us of oar usual Monday morn- ing's entertainment. Guess, then, the re- lief whieh my anxietv felt on finding this dreaded vacuum so ably filled up by me ef- fusions of " a riowing l(qa(erhead !" I eoofesf, Mr. Editor, that since my re- sidence in North Georgia, 1 have been mightily taken with the sp^ty of those self- ' same loQ^erheads, and have used my best endenviturs to obtain them as guests in my eal4d ta frequently as possible. It is true, they are in general much addicted to irony, hut when warmed into a proper temper by the neighbourhood of a good eonl-fire, they become the moat agreeable eompanions that can bo conceived, and I boldly venture to aflSrte, there is not a man of sense in our whole community Who does nnt feel plea- sjtre fai receiving a visit from one of the Icggerhead tribe, when their noddles are thoi heftted to a glowing temperature. Bat, Mr. Editor, hijpily as I appreciate thdti^ tilents in diffusing warmth and cheer- fulAcM to all «^ho come within the sphere of their genial influence, I could not help expressing the most Agreeable surprise on finding tiiat one of them had not only sur- passed the rest, but actually outstripped all others df our community by producing "such wild and soothing harmony^" as tended to " lull the senses mtn a most deli- oiotts torpor !'» Altbongh the coolini; pro- cess, I presume, oansed much of the irm^ I have before sp*ro The co^. «• » of tt > jead , Creating in m) bra'', .'< .t- e. To sing an > r -t'f ben. When fr>m the i^jf^n^ hbars of day Ihatcn'" xspas. The cold :.■;».• of no delay, In ta^pg off tiiy elcthe^ Propared at lengft, a diiv'iiig wight, Quick into bed I leap. And 'ncfttb six blankets' combrous weight, Compose myself to nleep. O'er all togn&ird from fhMty air Is stretch'd a wolfs warm hide. Which I, w a more than comnion care Took in on either aide. In woollen wrapt o'er head and ears I snore till moraing-Ii^ht, While dreaming fanc^ olten n. tnre, to be sore I will ! What can Z rafhss his Emily ? Pray, Mr. Editor, endeavour to fish her residence oat for me, and she shall have the two first copies tlwt come from the press ! But I liad almost forgotten roypurr pose— perhaps wom'M, rharraiag woman — will be a sufficient apology. I do not quite nnderstand whether 70a re- ceived a net from tne on the subject of tiw omission of a part of one of my cocBmontca'*, tions, to which omiaikm you have alludcti in your last^week's paper. In that note, , I think, I said that perhaps my commonica- tiona were too long for yonr purpose ; and, as you have not taken qny notice. of this, I conclude thnt you have danced it r,v«r with your uoual courtesy, an«f shall take yonr hint accordingly, by making tills letter of a more moderate length than my former ones. If 1 do not mistake, some of your readers will be mueh obliged to roe for this- new arrange- ment, by which I shall be obliged to con- fine jnyself to a brief 4iescri|Hion of' the Stampert, ftnlass of people wiio are distin- gnishcd Wf the loudness and frequency of tlieir stamping when tliey first enter our npartmenU, and for some time afterwards. The Stampers ma^ say their ii^ea are cold, but it is no such thmg, Mr. Editor, take my vord for.lt. Ten times in ekswen that they lliusdiolorb us, llicirtoes are warm enough ; beeides, if we admit tliis e.vcuse for titt: Stampers, I suppose the Drummers will tell us tmir fingers are cold, and tlie Snorers that |hey sleep to keep their eyes warm ; .'it all events I tlunk, the least the Stampers can do, L to haver their stamping oat on deck, where, during the cold weatlier» they are certainly privileged to exercise Uwir art to the full extent of their wishes, as long m they keep before the main-mast. I rather :hink, however, that if this prae* tice could b«) banished from our apartraenta, the sum tptisi of stamp^.g woulil be much reduced; foi,yoa must know, M^. Editor, I have reason to sospeet that the motive ia generally the same as that by which thus, fiaagera, Slaminers, &c., are actuated. In short, that it is cinly another ingenkws expe- dient for announcing to us, in a way irnich cannot possibly eacape notioe, the actunl ar- rival orthe por^ concerned. Bnt.itia time for me to re;;Mirt progress. Alas! what progreai Inve I to report ! 1 see no improvemont exeepting a slirat amend- ment in the fVhiitkr; who, by-the-by,^ lam sorry to hear, are nining the languiahiog sentimontal style of the Hummers. Th^ Drummers indeed, liave'fehcwnsone signs of a new pest which they are prepar- ing tor us; not satisfieil with wbat (neir fingers can perform upon the tables, I hiave heard a foot or two at work nnJer them for some time pnst, by which a sort of tattoo lias been produoeil, almost as melodious as the other. If the Drumroers mean to con- tinne this, they ought in common decency, to sit without shoes, that their tapping may not disturb us. The Slanuners are wm'se than ever, but until my remedy has been fairly trietl, they must not be pronounced inooiTigible. The Snorers snore less, hot 1 fear I have done mischief, for they alup less also. AfroompiimcntRto " Nathan l/mg-bow," and I will take his case into consideration, iHtspeeting the ffonder-wot^ffart. If my Tricnd <' A Spectator,'* does not give the Orowlert a hint or two, it will be a greut pity { for, our late hardsMpt havtt 71 bat 1 broni^t them oat, u a wtrm no doM the flies in tpriog. Beat lore to Bmilr, from her eonitant slave, and Your obedieot Senrant J Z. To the Editor of the Winter Chroniele. Mr. EoiTOR^-I hare to request 70U will allow me a short spaee in jour eolumnii, to make the aoologjr to Peefntir-Tom ^ftrt, whieh the crossness of mj oflenee demabds) and I beg tr jtsure him, thatwbml as- snmtd his title, my seeondsrj right to it was omitted purelr from inadverteney, sod not from the slightett wish to claim any eon- neitioti with him. To tell you the truth, (between ourselre^ for I would not have it generally known,) I quite tOrgot the exist- ence of that pre-enunent personage. Sic tranrit gloria numdi. 1 am. Sir, Your roost obedieAt 8ei vnnt, Psunro'Tox •not Sxcohd. To the Editor of the Winter Chronicle. Sib— ^Uavlng aeeidentaliy heard it mmoar« ed, that it is in eootemplatioo to send oif a oertab number of balloons, with letters oon- tainidg an account of our situation, &c., it has occurred to me, that it wtwjid le a good opportunity of conTey'jg also to England a eopyofthe Winter Chronicle, by which our frieuda might Lo informed before-hand, iu what manner we h.y endeavouivd to drive away themmaof mter in North Georgia. Indeed, I know no mode of conveyance to exactly acited to moat of the productiohs which ill the pages of your Joomal. There are msay which being, as the writers con- tess, <• the lightest things imaginable," are peculiarly fit for thiskindof travelling: and, 1. think it is not impossible, thai some of your «orres|M»dents, if requested, m%iit furnish an article or two light enough to assist the halloou m their aerial voyage, so as to eco- nomise the infiammabhi gas^ which, with the heavier prodnetions, must, as yoa wilt readily allow, be used in profuse abuadanee. Even the heaviotof them, haarever, fnight perhaps, with good manmement, and a Tit- tle clipping and eortailki^ liia made to rise much abmre the level wbfeb has hitherto been assigned to them hj your readers; but whether this is expeebng -too much of tbt inflammable air, I leav^ to your more scieii- tifio correspondents to determine. Such communications as consist of high* flown language, lofty conceptions, elevated sentiments, esc, will find themaetves quite at home when thus conveyed among the clouds: and our poets who kindly furnish (heir weekly quota of rhymesfor our amuse- ment, and who have hitherto bad the morti- ficatiun to see their woi^s confined to earth, like mere vulgar proee, may now hope to behold the effiwts w (heir respeetive muses, keep pace with the most poetical imagina- tion, and soaring aloft into « Heaven's vast coneave,*' take a U|||Mr fight thaa avtn Pegasus himself ever attemptad. In pur- suance of the Bhm whkb I have hen pro- posed, it would be adding mmh to the obli- gation you have already conferred upon the puUie as Editor of the Gnsetle, if you woald employ a few of your leisure moments, ia seleetmg sueh articles fhmi your eolamns as appear to yoa best qualified for the re- spective purposes of carrying or being car- ried : and it will naturally occur to you, that the fairest way of exeaatmg this useful pro- ject will be to tack a light and a htavy one in the same pan :l, and thus to coosign them to the atmosphere. For example, if the letter of Z, in your last Number bat on* which wu universally allowed to be a heavy one,, and that of « N. C", in a former one, were pinned into one bundle, there would, perhaps, be little left for the gas to do. And so of many others, which your inge- nuirv will easily enable you tt> couple in a simuar manner. I ain,8ir. Your most bbedient, HujkMx Hiaa-nna. To the Editor of the Winter Chroniele. Mr. EDnoBr-If I was gratified by the visits whrh were paid to our ahips this time last year, whe.: in the river, how much'more so was 1 '.c this desolate place, to meet |my friend £i.r Partia- Thaw, under the stem on Tuesday lai^:. I gave hiir an invitatien to stay, but he said ihat he renetted his visit must be short, for he was ooligbd to attend in othet pliices; and, whde he assured m« that it was with great reluctance he left as, he was so deeply cfieeted. thtit tue natural warmth and goodness ot hu beart overflow, ed, and trickled down upon the snow. He had been upon ths lower deck, he said, but finding his near relatioB, General Thaw, en- gaged the attentioa of every body, he had taken his leave for a short time. I WM going to pay the General a visi^ when a dewerate Motest arose between Shr Partial and General Frost. It appeared that the latter had so long occupied the spate under the stern, that ^ deemed Sir Partial's visit an intVingement on his prero- (.> live, and that Sir Partial, from dictates of numanity, was desirous of expelling him iVoin his post, and ridding the shipsof a very 'Usagreeuble and intruding visitor, who, he said, was not contented with remaining o*- ' the upper deck, but, on finding a diffienl^ in getting down the hatchways, had had the impudence to creep in at the cabin window. The General was durate, and Sir Partial finding knock-down argumenti did not suc- ceed, endeavoured by gentle means to soften tlie Crencral into ocnpliance, ami was so successful, ihat he was content to scuik be- hind a eadt fbr a considerable time, until Sir Parti».l was gone, when he stole out bj degrets. N. ih: t2 JDrwi To Ik hi bid MiA BBcditale, And tten « ic£e«i <. iCcipate, UbtU ny )>-«>' *^"^ pkipHaut* WNn«' ! hi- * ««• rfuikhif, " I' . ' /» , .tiD4iBi»b«]r«iid'm««Mre. Wfc-v ^? ->. 'i"" •^to, we leave it at laat, Wh^b onr bofi^a are awcUlog For|pcd« of renown i ■ . , ^ ^ Beneath UwSraftUB hovjring the e«M wyVe defied. We've ttiop'd for our h^lth o^^ Ae fihn fixnen tide, Attdncvt&Tk(!«pii^il9«heerfnliie(|*atiU, , ... £at our nv>, drank onr grog, vriUi flMHuty good will, ^ lute oar hoaona were awelhaft , . For doeda of renown., r^'i*',^! ■, Tift MMr^hen the aon in thh ^•^ion r'lika low, " Thebeorainkoalonf nap— ■!>«:■ we oh; ant aiH ••- WMIc our boioaa -. « v£ aweiiiaf FordoodaofronOw^u We had aao# tt^bo aoltad, Mid.darkness and «tor«n» a longe* winter we rtay M, WtiOe the eryitalliied oeean oar efferta dday*d^ Till aammer retnrning HP^n ibt as free. And <»«»'d <(fe« **y to t»»t »«f WMtem aea. In the ioe of ^ north Britiih heart* were oar own, Sttll seel^ns for f^ory, jfamoua.in rtoiy, WeVe gnin^lbr 0*d Ifoglaadnew iraya 4^ renown. lit What feenngt of pteaanve, what jojra iMI expmd, When onee more we't-o Hearing, fair Atbicn, thy strand j Ikli^ted our boHwni whh tnmsport'ibai nwell, Andfondiy each toogae rf itt happinen tell. In the iM of the nwth Briti* heartt were oer own, Still leeUog for gior7, Famous in story. We've gam'd for Old l^ngland new way ; of renown. IV. Our ooiintry »h«H hail oar etnpruw with aoelairu, Atteropled for »«r«s by ahiefUioB of fame j Fot §m\ nfr«f ^ nae evinced in her eaoae. Hits « « ■ • I iii^ t«»e Britons' «pnlau»e. Tjs UJi^ f**! (v ' ito ttvth Britiih iw«rt8 were our own, Sfeil aeeking for gipry, f.- Parotms in story, ii^ We've gamed for Old EngUnd new ways of renown. l-. 74 No. XXI-^MONDATr IIABCH SO, 18£0. Ttlht Bdkuf^Um WbHtr ChwdoU. %iMf\ iiMr itnidtlMt (b« North OMrgia Quttte ia •om to dl« » nMnI 4Mdi, ud I «m torrirrorUi te thm Moit joar < Miid«atZlMtalMirbi«MrpOM< ~ -^ OthvUe't OMtti»tian%tBM !* I had iirQpand • kttar In ymatmm of nv former plu>i but MlMkMifenMdtlMt thii U the iMi eommDHleatkm whWh I ihaU Wfte M opportunitf of Ujiag belbre jroar readert, during tbk* aeaton, 1 aappoaa I niut ohangn my note, aiid be upon my good be- vaviour. II hat been very amuaing, and I muit add venr flattering tn me, to hear the eoqieetures whieb have been femutd eoneemlng the au- thor of Z't lettera, and the remarfu whieh have been made upon them \tj the indivi* duali ol' our coramunhjit and I am not alto- Sther without hope that 1 have done lome- iBg towardi removing, at leait in part, the annoyanoei of whieh I odmplained. A rrioMt of mine in London, who baa » ahare in ■ patent<4het mamiGwtory, onee ox- plained tome the manner in whieh the rou^d or perfect «hot are wparatad from thaw wUeb are oval, and therefore unfit for uie. BeUig all made to roll down an inelined plane, the round onea roll straight forward to die lower end, while the oval ones are fimnd to waddle to the «dge of the pbme, and lall over befbre they c :n reaeh the bottom. I have often been reminded of this eontri- ▼kiiee, in observing that \\mWhi»a»rt, Slam- fMTf, ke. Ice. ke. have waddled on one tide wl^ applied to the inelined plane afliirded by Z^eommonleetkNML and have immediate- fy fallen into the ranks, under the sevoral beads to whieh, aeeording to their retpeetive qualifioatioos, they know themselves to he- long. Some of them have not mneh relished being made to waddle In this mnnner. and would rather have buen allowed to roll on atraight forward to the end of the ehapter. This is all very natural, but it is no fault of nine t they arc no shot of my making. I think I have ''cne them tome serviee in pointing out their defora;tv i and if they will get their oval ends rounded off before die re-eommeneement of the news-papers, I promise diont they shall hear no more firomZ. Bat, to be serious, if the annoyaneet to whieh my letters allude are real, tney ougl. to be remedied ;— if iroaghiary, if nobody pnfitiaes them, then is there no " gidhd jade to winee,"— ell our "withenare unwrang," -4n short, if the eap fit* tnibody, let nobody wear it! Bat since the game is up for tiie present, I have no hositation In aataring you aid year readers, that the classes described in ay iiet letter are as eooq^lely the ereataroa of im- aghntion.asovereatnrod into tha hfid of • poet. I had at that than no iotentioa «f eon- tin«iacinyeorrespoodenM,aBnch leaa had I eonoeived any thiog like • reguhv aaviea of saehdeaarintions. It wnayoar readers thorn- selves who Brat pat this into my head, and made mo lock aboat aao for soah soUocts, aa well bv the hinu with whlA their i«- marks daily furnished me, as by the earnest anplications made to me, through the me- dium of your paper. Itwa8then,andtben only, that I heaan to be real^ b oamest,aad to copy Amn life. For insiaaao, the publio are wholly Indebted for the description I have endeavoured to give of the Sntrtrt, to the uneoQseious sugnsUons of one of that dosing fratemityt and the same is true of the more Innocent Stampert. As for the Skm- fiMTi, it is mora than probable that thay irould have remabed altogether unknown lb Z., unlets ihej had been pointed out to hit notice by hit eorretpondent X.; aud to of one or two other clattet. So much for thie account I purpose to give of my leltert; may I be permitted to say a woid or two of myself, as it is a subject which has afforded me much entertainment. There is scarcely one among us who has not hazarded a conjecture who Z is. One I find " knows me wells" a second has found me out by the shortness of my sentences; another " deteeta qM at first sight,'* by a ceruin fault in mygnuMaar, of whieh he hu observed I am often gplty m conversation ; a fourth de- clares if'impossible to miaUke me," though ho does not say why, « and wonders at ue want ofdis^trnment in those who are •! a lots about met" andafiflL is "quitepori- tive" who I am, en aocount <^ a paiticular turn of expression which always was, is still, and ever will be i^ine, and mine exclusively. A meumato took me aside the other day, and with a look full of mysterious impoi:- tanoe, told me in eoniidence that he knew who Z. was. ««Do you really?" said I; '< ITes, it it to and to." " No ! it it indeed?" " Yes," replied my cunning meumate, with a knowing shake of the head, «I had it Ihm nod authority." Thinks I to myself; vou know nothbg at all about it ; but I pirnni'sed to keep his secret, and ao I will. The truth is, Mr. Editor, that having for the first ten weeks of the publication of your paper, openly, avowed my incapacity or un- wilMngoess to write for it, and, to my shame be It recorded, even spoke disrespectfully of a scheme of amusement to which I was my- m. m "tj^*-'M?™'*^fc;J n •Mian indolent to ecr.tribat«, I havi fcand roywir Mcurely iheliertd of brtt oodw, my MlMf dealmikm^ m4 hava thotlMMiikf MM to join in tht Mneral iMgH, orto pt^ vgm Vlfmj oeeMioiuu exprenioo ofdhp i e*" ifl* vtti M moeh appareat uneonceni Many ]«walMiit ine. It w no great wonder dwt man do not eaaily find him out, who haa iivdiy^been aMe to perwide Aftiafl^that he haa written. When ehiMren play at hide and aeelK, they ' are tolittiat they " Uam" when they eome near tho hiding-plaee ; bat 1 ean aMore thoae who have aearahed for Z., that they have neva» hren warm, no not within a mile of the ire i they are all equally luiOwta(, and all Mually wrote. Adleii^^Mr. Kditor, for the present, i trwtiny nexfaomrounlcatioo maybe the growth of a. more genial elimate; may it ■prinjg np amidit the rieh loxurianee of the Sooth Sea lalandt ! Believe me, there are nttne of your eorretpondenU or readeia who entertain this hope more eonfidently, and who wk willing to do mate towards itaeom- pfetkM, thui yoar l^nknown and obedient Servant, * ■ z- IfStB— As I was one of the first among if^oiir eorrespondents to address you at the coinmencement of your editorial laboars,and to express my good wishes for the sneeesa of your undertaking, so t am equally desirousi now that I undersund yrnir paper to shortly to be discontinued, to express to you the gratifioation I have derived from the spirit with which the Winter Chroniele has been supported tor one-and-twenty weeks, and the amusement I have received from nnany of its pages, during that tedious interval. As an individual of thdt oommu ily to whose amusement you have, daring the win- ter, devoted a certam weekly portion of your time, I am anxious to convey toyonmy Hiare of the acknowledgment wliieh is SO justly yoUKdue. Nor can 1 omit to express my ob- liglPtoo to the two gentlemen whose xekl in theianse of gnod humour and eheerfuhiess has induced them to copy, with uneeaaing punctuality, for our perasa), the varioos coromunioatioiis with which your box has been tarnished. It will be genei-aHy altowed that the original purpose of the Wintel* Chronicle has beer, completely answered. It has certainly served to " exercise tlie in- genuity" of several of oar community ; anle eoneluded with Gerfmnw thtXtnf,in f whieh all the peribrmen, at well aa mott of the audienee joined ; and t^ ewrtaia fcif, •midtt the loufl itnd heMrtj eheera of the ^hole ftooae. Our r»ml A paper bonnet oft her bead embraeeo. Her oanvaa atayt were br a tailor laeed. The dreit in whieh her beauty MOj^t to lUne Form'd and arranged bv finger* maaeuline !— Her ribbont, paintadf— un, her riitt'rinctan— Bright beads uer diamonds, ana herself-araan! The Drama's beanx were not to be andone,— Fox-hunting squires in paper boot-topa dnne,* And the plump landlord, when he took a swig, Conoeal'd hia Uuahes by an Oakum wigy- Tin spare, and paper frills for Dandiea made. And bear-skhi wbitkeiv help*d the gay parade: But jestii^ o'wio night the plays w« ehae. For passing winter atka no more repose. As the brave soldier, on the martial field O'erborne by tenfold odds and foreed to yield. PressM by the oaptiTe obain feels not its weipit, When on the thunders of the nearer fight His fate siwpended hangs, till Viethy t tide Proeiniros the eonquer'd now the eonquMng side t Then freed onee more he shines in radiant anB% And mingling eager in the war's alarms Feels the new wrong withiai bis bosom g^w. And bursU indignant on th' embahled foe. So we^ aeeored by Winter's ley ehain. Awhile the pris'ners of iU gloomy reign. Hear in the Mast that sweeps the froMn sea The friendly soundthat soon diali set us free. When hasting fiorward with impatient foree Hope's eheemg ray shall gild oar Wcaten «Qane. % i I ©, tt ''^vi IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1^128 12.5 ^ 1^ III 2.2 H: »£ 12.0 1.25 I U IIIIII.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716)872-4503 'S^T^'^.Ia 4 I ♦w 9 Am ^^ J i»»il i |Jl3 fc >■■&•<» ■MrgBlile. Whoa b owfiroMtbf ice 4|Mp«lwl^» Now (oMiloltotfiiBni, now to Boathflfii^HM r Wlwai»«MN(MioMviailiMdloiiK*v*y JMMMM^SliM i)w KqaUt »aia t ilMllil|^^|«MlvtlMtiiilMi« wkiA^MlM o'er ill. Win IM^ ORtWard Otrg* tbe iej rand TowliBf*: .;#' I MHnii.ara tot boinitt'iprMe^ 1riioi#«MMi^»l IM tiwt«Mk%ntirtr tar Bnltt tn (i|iSiiiinilMiii>|-^*^)iMf>l«««^n «tr toil, AMdhoMWi ilMt okfiM dwr tiMHw hH. 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