IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) m / O ^p «=•. /1a << f/j fA 1.0 I.I 1.25 ^m m i4 ill 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 A^ iV Sb \ \ ^-\ ^^ C^\ seul clich6, il est film^ A partir de ('angle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 t: \z> o Vfii m I'. ^ <. ■'S h 1 i i^H ! , 4 ; i ^ H: *' ,"i; '' ,.i ' ii i - 1 . ; 1 .i mu^. ^ lii. I PART OF RUS (From th: Report of the Fruit Gnnkicrs A. Ontario, 1883.) -4- Satf.-ft: Ni>TK ~ 77/^ dotted line shows the route .tak i8«.> Thr f^lnc's underliufid nrr thosf visited. t*» ,/„;7e'5 th,' route .taken by VVof Huun and Mr. G.bb. h, arc thosi- visited. v^ ON THE RUSSIAN APPLES IMPORTED BY U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN 1870. \0. I Si 'I Jf-f I ■i'! BY CHARLES GIBB, ABBOTTSFORD, QUEBEC, CANADA. {Being a Paper from the Ninth Report of the Montreal Horticultural Society.) MONTREAL! PRINTED BY GAZETTE PRINTING COMPANY. 1884. fll w 1 1 ml -+-;---"■ CATALOGUE ov APPLE-TREES IMPORTED IN 1870 PROM ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA, BY THE UNITED STATES DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTUEE, Scions of which have been distributed under the following numbers. No. 1 2 15 44 54 GO 61 68 69 70 t*A (( *(( « « «(( *u * (< (I ♦«l65 *'122 "128 *"153 ♦"157 * " 159 *"161 • « 162 ♦"164 *«166 *"167 "169 ♦"170 "171 « 173 * " 174 *"176 ♦"177 ♦"178 RUSSIAN NAMES. ABtrachaner, Rotlier Weisser Calville, Sommer. Sussapfel von Toenanus. . . Astrachaner, Weisser Luikenapfel Anaeapfel, Rother Edier Rosenstreifling Champagner, Friiher SommerBirnapfel Winter Birnapfel Graftensteiner, Russischer. Borsdorfer Revaler Schafnase Skvoasnoi Nalin Belui Nalin Limonoe Langerfeldskoe Buschbon Polosatoe Heidorns Aport Letny Scholtoe Sladkoe Sclenka Sladkaya Revelskoe Stekliannoe Z Simowoe. . . Skorospeika Rannaja Pipka, Malaja . Krasnabakoe Schlenka, Poloestaja Barlovvflkoe TRANSLATION. Red ARtrachan. White Summer Calville. Von Toenariufi Sweet apple. White Astrachan. Luiken apple. Red Duck apple. Noble Red.streak. Early Champagne. Summer Pear apple. Winter Pear apple. Russian Gravenstein. Borsdorf Revel apple. Sheepnose apple. Transparent Juicy apple. Juicy White, Lemon apple, Longfiela's apple. Buschbon. Heidorn's Streaked. Summer O 'Porto apple. Yellow Sweet. Green Sweeting. The Revel apple. Glass Winter apple. Earliest Early. Little Pipka. Red-sided apple. Green Streaked. Barlort'fs apple. tlhe numbers marked with an asterisk (*) are thosoMescribed or referred to in the lollowmg paper. 4 No. RUSSIAN NAMES. I ■■», 1 *A180 * " 181 *•' 182 * " 183 * « 184 * " 185 * " 186 * " 187 * » 188 * '•- 190 * " 196 * " 197 * •' 198 •' 199 « 200 » « 202 « " 203 * « 204 * « 205 * " 206 * " 207 * " 208 *'• 210 * « 212 * «' 213 *"214 * « 215 "217 * " 218 * « 219 * « 220 * " 226 * « 226 * " 228 * « 230 * « 231 * « 234 * " 236 * " 240 * « 242 *« 245 * « 246 * « 247 * « 248 * « 262 "260 * " 261 * " 262 * " 264 * " 265 * " 266 "267 * " 268 Nejolowfikoe < Pipka Clianip'^nHkBJa. . . Kalville KvvaHiiuiletny. . Burlowka Araliskoe Anisowka Steklianka Rt-veln Kaja. Steklianka SeloDka Arkad Scholti TieHenhausenskoe Polosatije Sladkoe KriwoHpizoe Polii Mirou Naleiv Wonkovvoi Repka Rosowaja Saitschia Pipka Arkad Rubez Kajabowka ZarakiSchip Stupka Korolewakoe Rubezuinogradni Berkowskoe Stepanouka Saaowskoe Kustoe Sacharnoe Fokinskoe Belaja Tebedka Scholkowka Getmanaki Bob Rubez Belui Krimskoe Wocbina Titouka Solotoi Arkad Muscatelnoe Antonouka Teschanka Schriokolitschiko Borouinka Plorlovvitka Popouka Polosataja .... Beel Aport Sininoe Polosatoe Aport Reptschati Cnarlamowskoe Duchowoe Pipka Govkaja . Polosatoe Nowgorodskoe GruschetFka Sakaritnoe TRANSLATION. Negolotr'H apple. Chainpajrne Pipka. Calviile Summer-red. Bnrloffkn apple Arabian apple. AniHette. GiasH Revel apple. GiawB Green apple. Yellow Arcadian apple. TiesenhauHen. Streaked Sweet. Curly Spiced apple. CroHHed Barbel. Waxen Juicy. Rosy Little Turnip apple. Hare Pipka. Arcade. Cut apple. Karaboff apple. Czar'8 Thorn. Stoupka. Royal. Cut Wine apple. BcrkofTs apple. StepanofTs apple. Garden apple. Bushy apple. Sugar Sweet. Fokin'e apple. White Swan. Silken apple. Getman^ Bean. White Cut. Vovjhin's Crimean apple. Titus apple. Yellow Arcadian, Muscatel. Anthony's apple. Lieby apple. Broadleaved. Mushroom. Prolific. PopoflTe Streaked. White. O'Porto apple. Winter Streaked. O'Porto Turnip Seedling. Charlamoff. Smelling apple. Butter Pipka. Novgorod Streaked Pear apple. Saccharme.. No. * A 2(59 * " 27*2 "273 * '< 274 * " 276 •< 276 *" 277 * " 278 *"279 » " 282 * " 283 * " 284 * " 285 * " 28(; "287 » « 28H * " 290 " 295 » « 304 "310 "313 * " 316 » « 316 ♦"317 *"321 * " 322 * " 323 * " 324 "327 * " 330 * " 332 * " 333 * " 334 * " 335 * « 336 * " 337 * " 338 " 339 * " 340 "341 * " 342 * " 343 * " 344 * " 350 * « 351 " 352 * " 354 * " 355 * " 359 RUSSSIAN NAMKS. Aport Rosowui SchapotHchka , GruHchert'ka Bsenniija . . Rosowoe Sotoloreft'ka Polo Stekianka Wargul Borowinka Erasnaja .... Aportowoge Siniowoe. . . ■ Renetto WoroneficliHki. . . Slast Steklianka Kremer's... Repristoe Walisonoe Kremerskoe Rigaer SkwoHnoinalin .... Malinowflkos UkraitiHkoe Imperial Suislepper Ohrietapfel Mu8catapfel Herrenapfel Rothe Reinette Golubinoe Beeloe Pipka Sladkaja Kovitachneoe Repouka Neemezki Ealville Scholti Arkad ■ Polosatoe Naliwnoe Plodowitka Ramaja Skwosnoi Krasnoi Skwosnoi Schotoi Skwosnoi Selennoe Skwosnoi Beeloe Scriiika GruHcheffka Revelskaja. Reinetti Beelui Himbeerapfel, Lievlander Borsdorfer Scharlottenthaler Golba . Weinapfel Rother Sultanapfel Lapouch Plodowitka Guadkaja . . . Swonkoe Kriwospiiioe Aromatnoe. Aport Herbet Motschetsehnoe TRANSLATION. O'Porto Rnny. liiitic Hat apple. Autumn Ptar apple. Rosy. Zolotoreffe apple. HalfGlaHfly. Warijul. Red Mushroom. Winter O'Porto. Woronech's (name of a pro- vince). Apple Sweet. Kremer's Glassy. Tnrnipy Juicy apple. • Kremer's (seedling). Riga TrauHparent Juicy. Raspberry. Ukraine apple. Imperial, Switzer. Christmas apple. Muscat or Persian apple. Lord's apple. Red Queen. White Pigeon. Sweet Pipka. Browny apple. Turnip appie. German Calville. Yellow Arcadian apple. Juicy Streaked. Early Prolific. Red Transparent. Yellow Transparent. Green Transparent. White Transparent. Grayest. Revel Pear apple. White Queen. Lowland Rawpberry. Borsdorf. Charlottenthaler (the name of a place) apple. Red Wine apple. Sultan apple. Burr apple. Prolific Sweeting. Resonant apple. Curly Spicea Aromatic. Autumn Orange. Wetting apple. Literally, apple to be preserved in water (as done in Russia). 6 :■ r No. I * A 360 * * i 362 364 367 368 369 370 371 372 374 375 377 378 380 382 385 387 393 398 399 402 403 406 407 408 409 410 413 424 425 4'^6 427 429 430 433 437 438 439 441 442 444 445 447 448 450 451 463 455 457 458 461 462 { 463 RUSSIAN NAMES. Funtowoe • • • Swinzoffka Beel Wochiue Polosatoe Mirone Sacharni Pipka Leoedka Skrui, Deutscher Petrowskoe Wislowchoe KoritHcliewoe Ananasnoe. . Liinoniioe Sclioltoe ...... . Ornimui • GruschetFka Mo;)kolo8kaja Buzkafa Selonka Bodewskoe Eobrui Krentianin Zit^onnoe Zarskoe Krupneeim Krimskaja Selonka BorHdorfer Atiis Sacharnui Pipka Sacharnaja Tucliernoe Drewo General Greig S. Wochinskoe Repka Malenka Skriscliapfel Berganiottnoe Anis RoBpisni Swinez Anisiinowskee Bonklonowka Arkad Kruglui Woskowoi. Orlowskoe Sachoiswan Rospisnoe KriniHkaia Beel Griniusclika Kalville Scholti Reinette Liuhnki Roniianka Ranette Kiluski Kardinal Beei Krapawiza Warsclitapel , Arkad K rasiwui Riabinoiika Klinewf^koe , Scholtinaliw , Re'oristoe , Rubez Sclonniii Pipka Postillnaja TRANSLATION. Pound tipple. Lead apple. While WochinH (a name) apple. Red Streak. Sugar Barbel. Pipka. Swan apple. Skrout, German. St. Peter's. Pendent Ear apple. Browny Pine apple. Yellow Lemon Hiliernal apple. Moscow Pear apple. Rus.^ian Green apple. Bode's apple. Good Ilu.sbandman apple. Imperial Citron. Enormous' Green Crimean. Borsdorf. Sweet AniHette. Saccharine Pipka. Blackwood. General Greig. Wochin's apple. Little Seedhng. Cross apple. Bergamotte. Pointed Anisette. Apple " Lead." Anifisim's apple. Bosklonoff's apple. Round Waxen Arcade. Orloff. Saxonian. Pointed. White Krim. Rattling apple. Yellow Calville. Lubsk (name of a place) Queen. Red-cheeked apple. Queen of Kiew. Cardinal. Handsome White. Warsztappel. Beautiful Arcade. Berry apple. Klinert"s apple. Yellow Juice. Strong-ribbed. Green Cut. Spreading Pipka. No. »A466 * " 467 "4GS * " 469 "470 •«471 * « 472 "475 * " 476 " " 477 "478 * " 481 • '' 490 * " 502 * « 644 * « 548 * •' 551 » " 555 * " 557 "558 * " 563 * " 565 "566 * " 568 "569 "575 * " 578 * « 579 * " 580 * " 584 * " 585 * « 587 * " 592 « 595 * '■■ 597 * " 599 * « 600 * « 864 * « 874 "962 " 963 « 964 * « 965 * « 966 " 967 "968 "939 ♦"970 * " 971 "972 * " 973 "974 * " 975 RUSSIAN NAMES. Ilepka Kinlaja Miron Ploskui Beel RoHpiHiiaja Babusclikino Lapouchoe Anisowaja Plodowitka Ustrekowskaja Steklianka . . Postichouka . , Arkad, Rother Roschdestwenskoe Tonkowetka Polosataja Mzenskoe Glinzowoe Ru88i8che Rambour Reinette Lapouchoe Naliw Borowinka Lugouaja Arbusowskoe Krass Sladkaja . • . Revelfikaja Polosatoe Konitschenewoe Rannoe .... Krimskoo Naliwnoe Wergunoks Krupnui Skworminaliw Melonenapfel Rosenbager Alabaster, Weisser , Boresdorfer Leipziger Tierlandischer Sommer Tierlandischer Winter. . Erdbeeraofel Zusows Winterapfel Euglischer Pepping , Arkad Dliniui Mzennkoe Sladkoe Pesolschnaja Steklianka. ... ■ Romenskoe Dlimoe Arkad Di iintschataja Borowinka Sladkaja Reinette Muecatclier Muscateller Tievlander Herbst Streifling Grufichettka Sladkaja Tuchernokrasnoe Sclonnoe Saburonskoe .... . . Zantarnoe Tuhuginka Selornaja Wassilli Welikui Trechtrshomnoc Stekliannoe DuschisMtoe Rasumowski Noschok Tetneksrasnoe TRANSLATION. * ' Sour Turnip. Flattened Barbel. Pointed White. Grandmotlier'fi apple. Burr apple. Prolific Anisette. OetrekofFs Glass. E'oldfast. R?d Arcade. Christ Birth apple. Thin Twig Streaked. Mzf^nsk apple. Cla/ apple. Russian Rambour Queen. Juic/ Burr apple. Meadows Mushroom. Water-melon apple. Red Sweeting. Streaked Revel . Early Cinnamon. Juicy Krimtarter. Worgunok. Large Sub-acid. Melon apple. Slender Rose. Alabaster White. Leipzig Borsdorf. Summer Lowland. Winter Lowland. Red Calville. ZusofFs Winter apple. English Pippin. Long Arcade. Mzensk Sweet. Glassy Sand apple. Omensk (name of a place.) Long apple. Smoky Arcade. Sweet Mushroom. Queen Muscatel. Lowland Muscatel. Autumn Streaked. Sweet Pear apple. Red-black. Greening. Aloeappel. Z^ntar apple. Green Citron. Vasilis Largest. Overflowing. Shining Aromatic. Razumoflfeky's Downy. Red Teat. i ii ,■1 8 No. A 976 "977 • " 978 "979 "980 • « 981 "982 • « 983 • " 984 • " 985 "986 • « 987 • " 988 RUSSIAN NAMES. Tipka Tuhutilotschnoe Beel Solotofskaja Beel Krupnaja Prodolgouataja Beel Plikano Uskaia Beelowoe Scholto Seroe Skrut Beelowoi . . . • Actrachanskoe Skwasnoe Anis Eurski Ania Krasnui Anis Selanui Anis Schaltui Ananasnoe TRANSLATION. Linden apple. Aromatic. Golden White. Large Lone White. Plikanoff Small. White Russet. Round White. Red Astrachan. Koursk's (a name of a place) Anisette. Red Anisette. Green Anisette. Yellow Anisette. Pine apple. "V ON THE RUSSIAN APPLES hnportedhy the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1870. By Charles Gibb, Abbottsford, Quebec. My object in writing the following pages is to note, as far as I can, the opinions of those who have fruited these apples on this continent, and also to give the opin'on of Dr. Edward Regel, Director of the Imperial Botanic Gardens at St. Petersburgh, from whom these apples were received. My endeavour is to cause this matter to be thoroughly looked into, so that, in spite of all drawbacks, we may soon know which are the rcctlly valuable apples in this large collection. The confusion in Russian nomenclature has been a great drawback to the introduction of the Russian apples into this country. In the Department catalogue we find duplicates under different names, con- fusion of names as to types and families, evident mistakes. In Dr. Regel's work on Russian Pomology, the lis's of synonyms show how confused is nomenclature in Russia. Aiort, which is of the Kaiser Alexander Family, is noted as a synonym of Antonovka ; Titv^vka of Aport, Red Calville of Titovka, Titovka of Steklianka, Anisovka of Borovinka. Truly if Spitzenburg and Northern Spy were synonyms of Golden Russet the case would be somewhat par- allel. Unfortunately in the Department list, the name is, too often, no guarantee to the nature of the fruit. Of the two apples named Red Astrachan, the first is Duchess, or very like it ; the other is a mis- translation, and not intended for it. Apples whose names state them to be of Greening, Anis or Blue Permain type, prove to be Duchess ; Aports do not prove to be of Alexander family ; Stekliankas the very opposite of Greenings Apples marked Beel or Belui are far from white, and others noted as red, show no trace of it. Those marked winter, if from the northern parts of the coast provinces, where the summer is short and cool, are by no nteans winter apples in our longer and warmer summers. ': 1 ,1 1 il ■ i ':h', II i ■■ < \ * j ■m 1 1 10 The early ripening of these apples on the Department grounds at Washington, gave many the idea that they were all summer apples, that is summer irrespective of the climate they are grown in. Prcf. Budd, of Ames, Iowa, in 1876, on 20th Augnst, noted Borsdorf, No. 341, in the Department Grounds, as '' falling from the tree and al)out ready for use," while he quotes an authority from Northern Vermont, saying, " a long-keeping apple of finest quality.'' Again, Red Queen, No. 316, Mr. Budd notes as " a rusty, green apple about mature 20th of August, and falling from the tree." Mr. A. G. Tuttle, Baraboo, Wis., says : '* Fruit of good size, red on the sunny side, season, Janu- ary to April." It may thus be seen that the Department test was no test at all as regards the quality and keeping of these fruits, nor were they so intended by the Department who used their grounds merely for the purpose of growing for distribution. These trees, as received by the Department, were labelled by number ; they were also sent out by number. Some mistakes are observable and mistakes will happen when things are received and sent out by number ; but the numbering as sent out by the Department, I am told, was unmistak- ably plain. These numbers referred to a list in Russian which was translated at the Russian Embassy in Washington, and distributed by the Department. Unfortunately, the Russian names are rendered into English sounds from a Russian, not an English, standpoint. These names should be rendered euphonically from an English point of view. Thus '* ow" and " ou" are intended to be pronounced " ov" or " off," also " ja" should be pronounced " ya." The Eussian lan- guage is as musical as Italian, and when these names are properly rendered into English sounds, it will divcst them of half their ditn- culty. We also should have uniformity in the spelling of the Russian names. We find naliw, naliv, nalin, naleiv, naliwnoe, and even wali- sonoe, for the word translated juicy or transparent. We find scholti, schotoi, schaltui, scholtoe, for the word yellow. We find schlenka, sclenka, selonka, sclonnoe, selennoe, sclonnui, for the words green and greening. Of course this is in part the work of the printer. We find Rannet Kiluski, Queen of Kiew, or Kiev, as we would say, but who would suspect Kiluski of being Kievski. Any number of such mistakes. The translation also is badly done. In 399 Krimskaja is translated Crimean, in 439 Krim, and in 563 Krimtarter, and these mistakes have been puzzled over and copied by every one who has grown them. ^n 11 I'll The translation of the German names is still more faulty. Aport Herbst (355) is translated Autumn Orange, but Aport does not mean Orange; Erdbeerapfel, which means Strawberry Apple, is translated Red Calville ; Suislepper is translated into the English (?) word Switzer ; Buschbon, which is probably Buschbohn, dwarf bean, is translated Buschbon. The Department catalogue should certainly be revised. There is also another drawback. In the North scions have been usually top-grafted on crabs. Grov.'ers in Vermont, Wisconsin, and Miunesota are now agreed that the crab stock is uncongenial to the Rucsian apple. The experience of Mr. Tuttle will illustrate this. Of 127 Tetofsky, top-grafted on Transcendent, after ten year's growth, but one living ; on Yellow Crab, two trees alive out of 74, the Tetof- sky having made a growth, before dying, of six to eight feet; of 57 on apple, root grafted, all alive and doing well. Mr. Sias, of Rochester, Minn., and Mr. Webster, of South Northfield, Vt., often speak of fruit, medium in size, top worked on crab, larger on apple. It is to be regretted that our first "mpressions of the Russian apple were either from specimens grown in the climate of Washington, or else from top grafts on crab at the north. It was in i860 that Dr. Kegel began his Pomological work at St. Petersburg, a work which he followed up with the same energy that had characterized his botanical labors. He began by studying the apples growing in his neighborhood ; exhibitions also were held at St. Petersburg in i860, i86r, 1862 and 1863. The apples exhibited were from different parts of the Province of St. Petersburg, also from Riga, Novgorod, Pskov, Valaam, Tver, Moscow, Tula and Tchemigov; also from Dr. Lucas, of Wurtemburg. Dr. Kegel wrote his Kusskaya Pomologaya in 1868. In this work he gives a full, minute description of 225 varieties of apples, nearly all of Russian origin; a woodcut is given of each variety, also beautiful colored plates of about 144 of them. The descriptions of these apples were, for the most part, taken from the sampL's exhibited at St. Petersburg ; and here, partially hid- den under cover, as foundation-stones are apt to be, is one of the best parts of Dr. Kegel's work — the naming of these fruits and the noting of their synonyms. For instance, the Borovinka he traces to its pro- bable origin, but states it to be the same as the Anisovka of Mr. Heidorn, the Plodovitka of the Valaam Monastery, the Boloska of Mr. Atriganiev, etc., etc., etc. i ., • '•'- |i ' 1^ Dr. Regel also gives a supplemental list of about i8i Russian varie- ties. These he received in part from the places I have mentioned above, also from Voronesh, Penza, Riazan, Vladimir, Saratof, Sarepta, Astrachan, Revel and other places. The varieties in this list are not described^ onlv in a few instances is the quality of the fruit spoken of The place from where received, and their behavior in nursery up to date is usually noted. There is also a list of 296 foreign varieties received from Germany. Sweden, and from the Royal Horticultural Society in London, including many American varieties ; these are noted mainly to show their hardi- ness in nursery, and especially how they stood the severe winter of 1866-67. Of the 252 varieties received by the Department from Dr. Regel about 120 are fully described, about eighty-two are but briefly noted, or perhaps mentioned only as to their behaviour in nursery, three are duplicates, about six appear only as synonyms in Dr. Regel's book, and about thirty-eight I have not been able to find, although some of them are no doubt noted or described. With these facts before us, we can see Dr. Regel's e3iiir.ate of the value of the collection he sent us. Dr. Regel speaks of his Pomology as a report rather than a book — a something to build upon and add to year by year. He calls it the first Russian Pomology, as being the first systematic work on the sub- ject ; yet draws attention to the book published by Nicolai Krasno Glazov in 1848, in which seventy-three varieties of apples are briefly described, and also to other authors. Dr. Regel speaks of the winters of 1861-62, 1862-63, 1864-65 and 1866-67 ^s trying winters, and especially the last, when the thermo- meter went down to 42*' below zero, Fahr. The temperature seldom falls below 35^° below zero Fahr. at St. Petersburg. "Seven years' nursery experience, with a variety," says Dr. Regel, " is not enough to test its hardiness." He also draws attention to the fact thct many varieties that he has, he has not yet fruited, and that he may, therefore, have the same apple growing under different names in his nursery. This Russian Pomology is full of facts of interest to us. Dr. Regel assumes nothing — what he does know, and what he does not know, are stated so fairly. His work is grand, good, fundamental work ; but it was not followed up, as it should nave been, by a national convention of fruit-growers and a national exhibition of fruits. On 18 lan vane- the other hand, the fickle climate of St. Petersburg proved a severe test to many of the varieties Dr. Kegel had gathered for trial in his nurseries. He ceased to experiment^o largely and selected a smaller list as those best suited to the needs of his own climate, and hence- forth gave but little thought to apples, but devoted his vigorous ener- gies to gathering from the colder parts of Asia, those numberless bota- nic rarities which have made the St. Petersburg Imperial Gardens so interesting to men of the north. It will be observed that when Dr. Regel describes the apples grown in the Province of St. Petersburg, he usually under-rates their size ; he entirely under- rate« their color, and altogether over-rates their keeping qualities. Even the Early Transparents keep till December. Such is the effect of the cool, short summers in that high latitude. This does not apply to samples grown in other parts of Russia. My information in the following list is based upon visits in August last to the orchards of Mr. Spaulding (formerly that of Mr. Moulton), near Minneapolis ; A. W. Sias, Rochester, Minn.; J. M. Underwood, Lake City, Minn.; A. G. Tuttle, Baraboo, Wis.; State Agricultural College, Ames, Iowa ; Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, N.Y. Also Mr. A. Webster, of South Northfield, Vt., and Dr. Hoskins, of New- port, Vt., brought to the Montreal Horticultural Society Exhibition samples of their Russian fruits, and gave me every opportunity of getting information from them. Mr. Webster, in a paper pub- lished in the Montreal Horticultural Society's report for 1881 described thirty-eight varieties of these apples which he had fruited — by far the most important article upon this subject that had appeared. Mr. Wm. Saunders, of the Department of Agriculture, also very kindly loaned me brief notes and tracings he had taken. The Washington climate, however, is so dif- ferent from the climates these trees were intended to be grown in, that I shall seldom quote from these notes. I have also valuable information from Oliver Gibbs, Secretary of the Minnesota Horticul- tural Society, Lake City, Minn., also from C. Perry, of Beaver Dam, Wis., and others. Prof Budd is not able to help in this matter as one might expect, as the State Agricultural College at Ames, Iowa, received their own importation from Dr. Regel ; but as Russian apples have been, or are being, received by the college from twelve different sources in Europe, much valuable light will be thrown upon the matter. w ■ .(.. i 1 !6 ■i' 1 1 \ • i 1 CATALOGUE. — :o: — (1) AsTRACHANER RoTHER — Red Astrochan. If not Duchess, so like it as to be hardly distinguishable from it. — SpcLiilding. Dr. Regel received this from Dr. Lucas, the eminent pomologist, of Reut- lingen, Wurtemburg, where it is said to be a very popular summer apple. It is believed by Dr. Lucas to have come from Russia. Dr. Regel says that until it fruits he will be unable to decide whether it is one of the Russian apples known to him. It proved quite hardy at St. Petersburg, and did not suffer even during the very severe winter of 1866-67. (15) SussAPFEL VON T(ENARius — Von Tcenarius, Sweet. A beautiful sweet apple, which grows plentifully in the Imperial Gardens at St. Petersburg. It is not described by Dr. Regel. (44) AsTRACHANER Weisser — Wliite Astrachan. Dr. Regel received trees of this from Revel from Mr. Detrich. The trees, however, proved sensitive to the cold of winter. They were injured each year, and at length died. Trees grown at St. Petersburg stood better; in fact, proved even fairly hardy — stood even the test of 1866-67. This White Astrachan Dr. Regel believes to be a Russian apple. Anerot thinks it is the same as the Wliite Nali v, which is grown in other countries under synonyms, but this is not proved. Phlotov gives as Russian synonyms, Naliv and Fonarik. 54) LuiKENAPFEL — Luiken Apple. Dr. Regel says that he received this from Dr. Lucas, of Reutlingen, in Wurtemburg, where it is a popular fruit for dessert and home use. Dr. Lucas recommended it for dry soils. Dr. Regel tried it on such soils, but it was injured during the severer winters, and most, if not all, of his trees were killed. (60) Anasapfel Rother — Red Duck. Of the Yellow Transparent family. A large, oblong conic, greenish- yellow apple, much like Yellow Transparent ; skin rougher than Yellow Transparent, and not as yellow, says Mr. Tuttle. Mr. Web- ster finds it a little better in quality than Charlottenthaler, but smaller in size, and therefore not equal for market. At Mr. Underwood's, it agreed exactly with Mr. Tuttle's description. 16 f I w\ Dr. Regel doea not mention the Anasapfel Rother. Both the name and translation of this are puzzling. The Ananasapfel Rother Dr. Regel received from Gotha, in Germany, and speaks of it as perhaps the same as the Prinzenapfel ; a good-sized pale yellow apple, with perhaps a faint mot- tling of red on one side. This apple, however, was killed in 1866-67, where- as young trees of Anasapfel Rother were not injured. Dr. Regel therefore tliinks they may be different varieties. (Gl) Edler Rosenstrefiling — Noble Redstreak. Dr. Regel speaks of this as growing in his own garden at St. Petersburg. It is a medium-sized apple, roundish, very slightly flattened ; stalk very long, and remarkably stout ; yellow, mostly covered with red in splashes and stripes. Flesh, greenish-white, tender, sweet, like honey, with an after taste like honey. Good for table and home use. In season from September to November. Young trees stood well during the severe winters of 1861-62 and in 1862-63. (68) Champagner Fruher — Early Chumpagne. A small early conic apple, colored like a Duchess ; a sharp acid with slight flavor. I saw this both at Mr. Tuttle's and Mr. Spauld- ing's, but am not sure if the same fruit or not. Mr. Sias says, " this is the earliest apple we know, an early and abundant bearer ; rather tart, but an excellent pie apple. It is striped with red, beautiful in shape, and very hardy." Mr. Sias has had it bear the same season that he had grafted it on the Palmer's Sweet Cnib. It makes a good union with that stock. Mr. Saunders speaks of it on the Department grounds as a promising early fruit ; small in size, but very pretty, and would make a fine cooking apple. Ripe enough to test on 24th of June. (69) SoMMER Birnapfel — Summer Pear. A white apple, rather small, very conic, with wrinkled basin. — Sias. It seems not the same as Pear Apple, No. 267. (105) GrRAFENSTEiNER RussiscHER — Russian Gravenstein. Dr. Regel mentions this as growing in the Baltic Provinces, in Finland ami at Pskov. A roundish, rather irregular apple, strongly ribbed. It is above medium in size, and in color a yellowish green, afterwards yellow, two-thirds of the apple often being covered with red stripes. Flesh, white, tender, vinous sub-acid and agreeable. An excellent table apple, which rijMns in September and keeps long into winter ; in a light room, however, it does not keep later than the Ist of December. Dr. Regel says that the tree grows to a large size, and bears a large amount of fruit. The fruit is sent to 8t, Petersburg from Germany in great quantity, and sells at high prices m I I i^ 16 OB a dessert apple. The woodcut and colored plate given by Dr. Regel are from specimens grown in Russia. (122) BoRSDORFER Revaler — BoTsdorf Revel. Dr. Regel mentions this as growing in the Baltic Provinces. Neither the young or old trees had suffered during any of their severe winters. (153) Skvoasnoi Nalin — Transparent Juicy. The Skvosnoi Naliv, Dr. Regel describes as one of the most popular kinds of apples. It is grown in tlie northern part of the Province of St Peters- burg and in tlie provinces to the south of Moscow. This and the White Naliv constitute the larger part of the apples to be seen in the Province of St. Petersburg. This true Russian apple, on account of its good quality, heavy bearing, transparency and beauty, has become widely popular. Transparent (nalivnoe) apples are beautiful dessert fruits. This apple sells at high prices, ripens in September, and must be used at once. When the fruit is opaque it may be kept till December, but if not conserved very carefully it will rot in September and October. Dr. Regel notes as synonyms of this apple, the White Astrachan (of Lucas and Oberdick), and the Pos- sart's Moskauer Nalivia (of Lucas and Oberdick.) This apple, however, ia not at all of White Astrachau type. The Belui Skvosnoi Naliv, Dr. Regel describes from samples received frcim Nijni Novgorod, and the Provinces of Moscow and Vladimir, and the South. He says he thinks it ia often mixed with Naliv Belui. (157) Belui Nalin— /mcy White. ** A white fruit of good size ; acid, but milder when fully ripe," says Mr. Tuttle. Dr. Regel says the Belui Naliv is one of the most valuable of Russian apples, because it grows even in the northern part of the Province of St. Petersburg, even at the Valaam Monastery, near the northern end of Lake Ladoga, and in some parts of Finland. It takes first place before all others, just as does Skvosnoi Naliv, which is about as popular. It stands our severest wmters at St. Petersburg, and bears every year, or at any rate every second year, heavily. It grows without any care, grows in neglected ga^ dens, and is the earliest green apple in our markets. Ordinary samples are a little below medium in size, good specimens a good deal above it, and quite yellow when ripe. Season, August till Decem- ber. (159) LiMONOE — Lemon Apple. Dr. Regel says, this is grown from St. Petersburg to Moscow. It is a small, roundish, or roundish-oblong apple, with a long stalk ; yellow with a few splasbea of red | tender, agreeably vinous acid, with a very slight astria- ^ 11 5ont after taste. A summer apple, whicli ripens alx)ut tlie end of August Good for table or kitchen. The tree is large and spreading, and endures the severest winters at St. Petersburg, and liears heavily every second year. Dr. Rogel cannot say, positively, if this be the Limonnoe of Krasnoglazov of Moscow. LONOFIELD. (161) Langerfeldskoe — Longfield. An early winter fruit of fine quality and bright attractive color. As pointed out by Mr. Webster, it is the same as No. 587, English Pip- pin. Mr. Budd was told at the nursery of Mr. C. H. Wagner, at Riga, that this apple was a seedling grown by an Englishman on the Volga, and th'at it was sometimes known as the English Pippin, and sometimes as Longfield — the latter name supposed to have come from the shape of the field the tree was growing in. Mr. Budd received it both from Moscow and St. Petersburg, and I think he has' that of the Depart- ment List under both numbers. His are all alike and true to name. It therefore seems to be one of those apples which is apt to come true to name from different sources. Mr. Tuttle says it is as good a bearer as Duchess, and thinks the finding of this is worth all the labor and expense he has had of testing so many Russian varieties. The flesh is white and fine-grained ; the skin bright yellow and bright pink. Mr. Tuttle says it would be safe to plant a thousand trees of it. Its fault is its small size, a fault increased by the top-grafting on crabs ; 2 .r 'J|:t f I ti 'n t ■ 18 but those who are growing it on apple roots in rich prairie soils in the West do not seem to grumble at its smallness in size. Mr. C. Perry, of Beaver Dam, Wis., says : — Very similar to Good Peasant (see No. 387) both in tree and fruit. Longfield, however, averages a trifle larger and is two to four weeks later in ripening. Quality, fair ; season, December. Tree hardy and a prodigious bearer, and seems likely to prove a most valuable cider apple for the Northwest. Ur. llegcl Hays : — The Langerfeldflkoe,aH far as we know, has been grown only in the garden of Mr. Langerfeid, at the German colony of Sarepta, on the Volga, half-way between Saratov ami Astrachan. It is a lemon-coloreii apple, red on the Hiinny wide, with white, tender, juicy flesh. Neither tlic cold, n(»r the winds, nor the storms of the intensely steppe climate of Sarepta have disturbed tiie growth of this tree. Of 100 diflerent varieties growing' in the garden of Mr. Langerfeid, only this one bears fruit every year. Let us bear in mind that Sarepta has not a high northern climate. (162) BuscHBON — Buschbon. Mr. Saunders, of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, says : — A very good summer fruit, somewhat aromatic in flavor ; ripe from June 22nd. Dr. Rcgel mentions this only as a synonym of Popovka Polosataya, No. 247. (164) PoLOSATOE Heidorns— fleecfom's Streaked. A very beautiful, large-sized striped apple, sweet and of delicate texture, but short in season. Such were the specimens brought to the Montreal Horticultural Society's Exhibition last September. Mr, Webster finds the fruit large and fine, even when grafted on crab. The tree, Mr. Webster says, is of slow growth and a moderate bearer. Dr. Kegel speaks of this as being one of the apples exhibited at St Peter.s- burg in 1866. It is named after Calvin Heidorn, gardener of Baron Tiesen- hauscn at Yamburg, eighty-six miles .southwest of St. Petersburg. A medium-sizerl, roundish apple, dull yellow, mostly covered with dull red in Bplashes. Flesh white, soft, juicy and very sweet. The tree grows to a large size and has a great many branches. It bears a large amount of fruit every second year, and stands well the climate of St. Petersburg. It ripens in September, but begins to rot at the core soon after ripening, yet may sometimes be kept till November or December. (166) Aport Letny — Summer OPorto. *' A large, flattened, angular, brown-cheeked apple of fair quality- September. It has no Aport or Alexander likeness," says Mr. Webster. les grow I II i^ 19 Dr. Regel upeakHof this aH a fruit, Raraplea of which he received from the Provinces of Moscow and Tchernigov. It seems to have t)een named by Mr. Atriganiev. It i.s at first a grefnish-yellow, and becomes later a beauti- ful yellow, like wax, witii dots. The flesh i-" tt'tidor, juicy, agreeable ami mildly acid. A nice early table apple from September to December. It is (jillerent from the Skvosnoi Naliv, being larger in ■^ize and more yellow in ci)lur. It endures well their cold winter.-. The colored picture in Dr. Hegel's book is a somewhat ribbed apple, a good deal like Charlottentlialer. (1G7) SCHOLTOE Sladkoe — Yellow Sweet. Mr. Tuttle says : — Fruit medium to large ; earlier than Yellow Transparent. Dr. Hegel speaks of this as grown in the Province of St. Petersburg and siiuthward.", and says it is very like the Yellow Arcade. Judging from the woodcut and the colored plate, it would seem to be somewhat larger and a better looking fruit. It seems to be a yellowish apple, with some red on the sunny side ; flesh firm and agreeably .'ench as Borovitsky. In tiie " Dutche Pomologie," by W. Lauche, of the* Pomological Gardens at Berlin, there is a beautiful colored print of Charlamovskoe, which one can hardily believe to be other than Duchess. The description too is Duchess, and among the synonyms are Borovitsky and Duchess of Oldenburg. I think I have thrown enough light on this subject to make the darkness visible. BOROVINKA. (246) Plodowitka— Pro/^7^c. A good cooking apple but a little hitter. Spau/iiin^. Dr. Kegel says that tliis is grown about St. Petersburg, and in the Coast Provinces, and at Pskov and Moscow. A roundish apple, about medium in ize, and somewhat ribbed. When ripe, yell-wish-green, with some eplat^lies and stripes of red on the sunny side. The flesh is greenisli-white, vinous acid ; before fully ripe, very acid ; in a good season it has an agreeable vinous taste. Good for cooking or bottlii.g in water. It bears every year, and stands the winters well. It ripens about tho 1st of October and kwps till spring. Samples, however, kept in a light room, did not keep longer than December. 88 (24*7) PoPOUKA PoLOSATAJA— Pa/w/'s Streaked. A mild sub-acid, aromatic dessert apple ; size medium or small, yet not of special value. — Webster. Dr. Regel fiayH this apple grows at Strelna, about thirteen ruilcH Houtheast of St. Peternburg. Baron Tiescnhaiisen pays also at Dorpat. A fruit scarcely medium in size, and, judging from tlic wood cut, very 8lightly oblong. Wlien fully ripe, it is a golden yellow, with a bluKii on the sunny side, U|x)n which are dark carmine stripes. It is also Sjwckled like a trout. The flesh is white, reddish under the skin, juicy, and a vinous acid, with a very slight astrin- gent after taste. When not perfectly ripe it is very sour. The tree is hardy and productive, ripens in September, and keeps till December, but soon spoils in a light room. For home use only. (248) Beel— W7«od-looking fruit, which ripens in September and keeps till December. For home use ouly. (2*74) RosowoE — Bjosy. Dr. Regel received this from Mr. Atriganiev, in the Province of Tcherni- gov ; also from Baron Tiesenhausen, of Yaraburg. An apple of medium size, yellowish-green, mostly covered by a carmine blush, with splashes and stripes. Flesh white, sometimes stained with red, tender and juicy, vinous- sweet, with a fine aftertaste. When fully ripe it loses its juice and begins to decay inside. A fiue-looking dessert apple, of excellent quality. It ripens in December and may be kept about two months. (2t5) SoTOTOREFFKA — Zolotoreff. Mr. Tuttle thinks highly of this as a f-^U market fruit. It is a large, cylindrical, showy apple with a good deal of color. Flesh a little coarse, but juicy and spicy, with a good mingling of sweet and acid; keeps till November. Mr. Webster speaks of it as a large, showy apple, very productive, and ripe in October, but flattish in form and oblong ; and a specimen sent by him to Mr. Tuttle was not recognized by Mr. Tuttle as the same apple. Mr. Downing has expressed a favorable opinion of Zolotoreff, but of which I do not know. Dr. Regel speaks of tiiis as growing in the fruit gardens about Moscow and in the provinces to the south — Tula, Tchernigov and ethers. It is a medium or large-sized yellowish-green or greenish-yellow fruit, blushed with red on the sunny side. I believe there is no mention, in the description, of the red I. ff* e of Tcherni- t is ft ineilium .1 with red on on, of the red St appearing in spiashesor stript's. The flesh is a vinous-sour or vinous-sweet. with a very agreeable aftertaste, like v Reinette. It ripens about the first of October, and keeps ail winter. VARGUL. (211) 'Wargul— Wargul. Dr. Regel sa3's that the Vargul is one of the most popular apples at Voro- iii'sh. When fully ripe it is a yellowish-green, with red on the sunny side, covering half to three-quarters of the fruit. The flesh is white, soft, juicy and somewhat acid, of agreeable brisk flavor, with nice aftertaste. For its good looks, and its good flavor, it is much liked both for the table and kitchen. Season from October till the end of winter. (2*78) BoROWiNKA Krasnaja — Red Mushroom. Dr. Regel speaks of this as growing in the provinces to the south of Mos- cow, and says that it is often mistaken lor Borovinka. The skin is a dinjjy yellow, the sunny side, and sometimes the wliole a{)ple, being covered with 11 lively dark red, upon which are splaslies of carmine, or dark bloo ? ^ if. ,, i ;, . ■,: H. • • ■ i i ■ U % , I. r tl ^ 4^ (304) SuiSLEPPER — Switzer. Mr. Webster says : — Here we have a hardy, vigorous tree, a good bearer of handsome apples, valuable for home use and market. . Fruit medium to large, often covered with red, juicy, half-fine, rather tender, with a fine sub-acid, slightly quince-like flavor, more like French than Russian apples ; a good keeper for its season, which is September and October. Dr, Hoskins, however, notes the fact that, as it bears on the ends of its shoots, it is apt to drop off; other than that, he is inclined to think highly of it. It is certainly an apple of fine quality, and Mr. Downing says " undoubtedly valuable for home use and commerce." Dr. Regel notes this as perfectly hardy as far as tried. (316) Heerenapfel — Lord's Apple. Mr. Tuttle describes this as a large fruit, the size of Blue Pear- main, with much the same color and bloom ; a clear, strong, pleasant acid ; an apple that hangs well on the tree, and keeps longer than Longfield. Mr. Tuttle also says that the tree is hardy and a good grower, so that he considers it one of the most valuable he has tested. Mr. Sias says that on Hislop Crab stock it is only medium in size, and not as good a keeper as Blue Pearmain. This is evidently an Arabskoe. The Riga catalogues contain both the names of Arabskoe and Her- renapfel, although Mr. Wagner does not mark either of them as late winter. Mr. H. Goegginger says that the Herrenapfel, or, more cor- rectly speaking, the Polnischer Herrenapfel, is of medium size, red all over, of first quality, and a good market apple from October to December. He says further that it is a hardy and a large tree, which bears very well, and he thinks very highly of it. Dr. Regel received his Herrenapfel from Mr. Wagner and from Mr. Detrich, of Riga. His young trees stooil the trying winter of 1866-67. (316) RoTHE Reinette — Red Queen. This Mr. Tuttle believes to be the same as his Rannet Red. Fruit of good size, dark green with red side. Keeps till March. (317) GrOLUBiNOE Beeloe — WJiUe Pigeon. This is a small fruit, very conic in form, with wrinkled eye and no basin. A sweet apple, of fine, but very peculiar flavor, and of defective texture. Both Mr. Webster and Mr. Sias speak of the extra hardiness of this tree. Those who have fruited this do not speak of its defective M' r 48 texture, I think I must have tasted an unfair specimen. Mr. Sias says tender and juicy. (321) PiPKA Sladkaja— Sweet Pipka. An excellent, though under-sized, striped, autumn, sweet apple,_that died from being grafted on an uncongenial stock. - -Sias. (322) KoviTSCHNEOE — Browny. Like Duchess, but harder and later in season, and less acid Tuitle. Dr. Regel speaks of this as growing about St. Petersburg, and as far as the provinces to the south of Moscow. The fruit is yellowish-green, and after- wards yellow, on the sunny side reddish, on wliich are many carmine stripes and splashes. Specimens grown in the shade have little or no red. Flesh white, or stained with red under the skin ; tender, mildly acid, with a good aftertaste. A good table apple, but specially valued for cooking. It sells at good prices. Judging from the woodcut and colored plate given by Dr. Regel, it is atlattish apple of medium size, with rather shallow basin, much like the Koritachnevoe Polosatoe we saw in Middle Russia. (323) Repouka — Turnip. Dr. Regel says his samples were from Ropsha, the place where Peter the Great breathed his last. A medium sized, very flat and ribbed apple. Color yellowish-green, on the sunny side a yellowish-red, on which are some blotches and stripes. The flesh is greenish-white, very firm, a good vinous- sweet, with an agreeable aftertaste. Good for dessert and home use. It ripens in October, and in a warm room does not keep longer than the last of that month. The tree is quite hardy. (324) Neemezki Kalville — German Calville. Mr. Webster says this tree is a fair grower, an early and abundant bearer. Fruit large to very large, flattened and ribbed. It is in its best condition from December to January, yet may be kept till 'arci Specimens brought by Mr. Webster to the Montreal Horti- cu 111 I Society's Exhibition had much the appearance of the White Calvii _• of France. Mr. Perry says : — " This, to my mind, is Duchess of Oldenburg." Mr. Perry says he haJ twelve specimens on a transplanted tree, and will be able to report positively another year. This is evidently not the saiiie as that grown by Mr, Webster. Dr. Regel finds this tree not quite hardy. nm w m I.f • ■ >J . I •i -11 44 330) PoLOSATOE Naliwnoe — Juici/ Streaked. Mr. Sias says : — Fruit medium or above ; yellowish-white in color ; good in quality ; tree hardy ; season, last of August or beginning of September. Dr. Rcgel says that this grows about St. Peterrfburg and Pskov. Judging from Ihe woodcuts in Dr. Regel's book, it is a mediuiu-Bized, conic, yellowiwli-green apple witii a little red on one side. The tree seems not quite as hardy as some other Nalivs. (332) Plodowitka Ramaja — Early Prolific. Dr. Regel says that tliis is grown from St. Petersburg to the country beyond Moscow. It is a medium or small-sized flat conic apple, covered with red on the sunny side ;.juicy and agreeably sub-acid. Tiie tree stands the worst winters, and bears well every year. Good for cooking or dessert. It ripens in September and keeps all winter. (333) Skwosnoi Krasnoi — Red Transparent. A sweetish apple of white Astrachan type, but more bright and attractive in color. — Sias. (334) Skwosnoi Schotoi — Yellmo Transparent. This is one of the best known of the apples in this catalogue, and has been propagated a good deal in place of Tetofsky. Now Charlottenthaler looms up as a rival both in size and earliness. (335) Skwosnoi Selennoe — Green Transparent. " Much like Yellow Transparent, but smaller and more conical, and the tree less vigorous in growth," says Mr. Webster. Mr. Tattle says it is White Astrachan. (336) Skwosnoi Beeloe — White Transparent. " Just like Yellow Transparent," says Mr. Tuttle ; " if any prefer- ence, I would choose the White." Mr. Webster discards it. Dr. Hoskins says " considerably smaller than Yellow Transparent ; whiter, rounder and better in quality ; very like Early Harvest." (337) SCRINKA — Grayest. I have not yet heard of this having fruited. It is a popular autumn dessert apple in the Baltic Provinces. Mr. Goegginger, of Riga, says that of the two kinds known as Serinka, the red is the valuable one. This, as received from Mr. Goegginger, is not the same as that received by Mr. Budd from St. Petersburg. The fruit sent by Mr. 45 Ooegginger to Montreal this last autumn was mostly a dull red in close marblings and stripes. I mention this to enable the fruit to be identified. Dr. Kegel received his Sierianka or Qliniftoe, or Lehniapfel, from Mr. Wiigner, of Riga ; it is grown mostly in the Baltic ProvinceH. It in above ineilium in size, greenish-yellow, splashed and striped with red ; an excellent dessert apple. It is firm in flesh, and with good care keeps till the New Year. (338) GrRUSCHEFFKA Eevelskaja — Revel Pear. This I saw in the orchard of Mr. Sias. It is mild in flavor, being neither sweet or sub-acid, water-cored, but very nice ; very good in (juality for an apple of that type. Dr. Kegel says this is a fruit grown in the Coast Provinces, and brought from thence to St. Petersburg. The fruit is large on young trees, smaller as the trees get older. When grown in the shade it has very little color, and is then known as the Green Gruschetf ka ; when grown in the sun it has a few splashes and stripes of red. Tlie flesh is white, juicy, an agreeable vinous acid, with fine aftertaste. The tree stands the severest winters at St. Peters- burg and bears lots of fruit each year. It ripens in September and may be kept till December. (340) HiMBEERAPFEL, LiEVLANDER — Lowland Raspberry. " A medium-siaed ribbed apple of pretty good quality," says Mr. Tattle. Dr. Kegel says he has only seen samples of this from the Baltic Provinces. Judging from the woodcut, it would appear to be an apple above medium in size and roundish conic. In color, says Dr. Kegel, a dull yellow green, sometimes with dashes and spots of red. The flesh white, fine and juicy. It lias scarcely any acidity, and has a slight degree of aftertaste suggesting the flavor of the strawberry. An excellent autumn table apple, that keeps from September till the New Year. This tree does not stand, the coldest winters very well. Dr. Kegel says this is tiie Himbeerapfel or Malinovskoe of Mr. Goegginger, of Riga. (342) SCHARLOTTENTHALER GoLBA — Charlottenthal&T . rhis is perhaps the best of the family of which the Yellow, Green and White Transparent, and Red Duck are inembers. Mr. Webster also places Sweet Pear and Moscow Pear in the same group. In the opinion of Dr. Hoskinsit is rather larger than the Yellow Transparent, and it is thought by some to be a little earlier. Dr. Hoskins, how- ever, says not a day earlier. Mr. Webster says its season commences and closes ten or twelve days earlier than Red Astrachan. The word l.'t 1 ) ill il f I : }i' HI 41 m ■- "i * i ■ ^t^< 46 Golba, is intended for Gelber, Yellow. Dr. Kegel received this apple from Wagner, of Riga. (343) "Weinapfel Rother — Red Wine. " This is much like Sops of Wine in appearance, and very handsome. It is below medium in size, quite acid and earlier than Duchess,' says Mr. Tuttle. Mr. Webster says "a sharp acid fruit like Red Astrachan, perhaps a seedling of it." (344) Sultanapfel — Sultan. I am not sure that I know of this having been fruited from tlie Department List. This, or Grand Sultan, has been introduced from several sources. Ellwanger & Barry received theirs from Thomas Rivers, of Sawbridgeworth, England. Some say it is, or is like, White Astrachan. Dr. Hoskins, who received it from D. W. Adams, of Waukon, Iowa, in 1872, says " not at all like White Astrachan, but exactly like Yellow Transparent in tree and fruit, except that the latter seems less hardy than Yellow Transparent." (350) Lapouch — Burr. " A small or medium-sized flatush apple, yellowish-white ; a tart, pie apple. A hardy tree and a good and early bearer," says Mr. Bias. Mr. Tuttle says " much like Red Duck in form, size and quality, but a month later and not as yellow. Tree a slow grower. No. 470 is the same in name, but whether like this or not I cannot say." Mr. Perry describes Burr, whether 350 or 470 I cannot say, as a large, oblong, white apple, which resembles Keswick Codling, for which it is an excellent substitute. A fine, tender, sharp acid cooking apple ; season, August j tree very hardy and a stocky grower. Dr. Regel received this from Moscow. It was not injured in 1866-67. (351) Plodowitka Caudkaja — Prolific Sweeting. A yellow apple of medium or largish size. The best of the sweet apples for market purposes, says Dr. Hoskins. Mr. Webster says— The tree is of Tetofsky type, and very productive. An excellent sweet apple ; ripe in August and September. Dr. Hegel pays this grows in the Provinces of St. Petersburg and Pskov, a small, greenish-yellow apple with some red on the sunny side ; flesh, white, soft, and somewhat sweet; use, cooking ; season, September to January. (354) Kriwospizoe Aromatnoe — Curlt/ Spiced Aromatic. Dr. Regel speaks of having seen this at or from Mr. Vochin's, at Pnkov, and also in the Imperial Gardens at St. Petersburg. It is a medium-sized, i1 apple, rouiidiHh, Honiewliat conic, and Hiightly ribbed. In color, yellowish- green; when fully ripe, the color'of a lemon, with danheR of light and dark rctl, covering the greater part of the Hunny side. The flcHh is greeniflh-white, juicy, mildly acid, with very fine aftertaste. An excellent densort apple,' which ripens in September, and may be kept till the following spring. This apple >8 recommended for trial. Mr. Vochin has planted it larj^ely. Young trees suffer only in very cold winters at St. Petersburg. (355) Aport Herb&t — Autumn Orange. Mr. Sias showed this in good condition at ihe winter exhibition of the Minnesota Horticultural Society, from tlie i6th to the 19th of January last, and took second premium. Fruit, small, irregular in shape, dull greenish-yellow ; not valuable, at least not on Hislop crab stock. The wrong translation of these names is much to be regretted. (359) MoTSCHETSCHNOE — Wetting Apjde. Dr. Regel says this is grown in the Provinces of St. Petersburg, Pskov, and Moscow. An oblong conic apple of medium size. When fully ripe, yellow, with a faint blush ; juicy, tender, and agn ably sub-acid. It ripens at the end of September, and keeps till late winter It is especially good for bottling in water. (360) FuNTOWOE — Pound Apple. Dr. Regel describes this only from samples received from Mr. Vochin's, near Pskov. A large, roundish, slightly conic apple. Judging from the colored plate, it looks a good deal like Cellini. When fully ripe the skin is yellow, mostly covered with red. Flesh, white, and agreeably acid, with a slightly astringent aftertaste. It ripens in September and keeps till midwinter. (362) SwiNZOFFKA — Lead Apple. Dr. Regel says that this grows about St. Petersburg and in the Provinces to the south of Moscow. An apple of medium or scarcely medium size; green or yellowish green, with a little dull red on the sunny side. The flesh is white or greenish white, and when fully ripe, a vinous acid, with an after- taste like a reinette. Fruit grown in the South has more flavor than that grown in the North. A fine table apple, which ripens end of October and keeps all winter. (364) Beel Wochins — Wliite Wochins. Tree, a slow grower, an early and good bearer of large, smooth, handsome, sub-acid apples, ripe in September. Not so good as Duchess for general culture, says Mr. Webster. Dr. Regel only saw samples of this grown in the gardens of Mr. Vochin ami Baron Tiesenhausen. It is below medium in size; when fully ripe a waxy yellow, all one color, except a little red around the cavity. Useful for dessert or cooking, and in season from October till December. \ *•"' '■ A ' ■ i»i ii;; ;t "1. !;.i! illi 48 * {SQ1) POLOSATOE — Red Streak. Dr. Kegel speaks of this an growing in the Provinces of St. Petersburg and Moscow. A large, roundish, conic apple. When fully ripe, u greenish- yellow or lemon color, with a faint blush on the sunny sid'^ and some red stripes a.id dashes. The flesh is tender, juicy, and vinous acid, with a slight but good aftertaste; but if not fully ripe, then very sour and somewhat astrigent. Tha tree is pyramidal, and grows to a large size. It stands the winters well, but is not productive. The fruit is very large and good; ii ripens m September and keeps till November or December. (368) MiiwONE Sacharni — Sugar Barbel. Mr. Webster says — A' good bearer of medium-sized, striped, sweet apples ; for general purposes not equal in value to Prolific Sweeting ; otherwise, of value. Dr. Hoskins says — A small, brilliant red, nice sweet apple, but too small for practical value. It will not average one-fourth the size of Prolific Sweeting. Season, September. Dr. Regel describes this as an apple that is thought a good deal of at Mos- cow. It is an apple of medium size or below ; a yellowish-green, or yellow, with some dingy ed in splashes, sometimes with a good deal of red on the sunny side. The flesh is tender, white, agreeable, and very sweet, and with an agreeable aftertaste. The tree stands the coldest winters at St. Peter.^- burg, and hence is a favorite early apple, and brings a good price. It ripens in August and keeps tili December. It may be said to be good for eating, though not strictly a dessert fruit. (369) VlPKA—Pipka. Dr. Regel mentions this as growing in a few gardens in the Province of St. Petersburg. A medium or small-sized, roundish oblong, conic apple; yellowish-green, and yellow on the sunny side. Flesh, white and sweet, wiih agreeable aftertaste. It ripen." in September and keeps till Deceinl)cr, but spoils in a light room the middle of October. The tree stands the severer winters well, and bears plentifully every year. Pipka Sacharimja, No. 40G, appears only as a synonym of Pipka. (3*71) Skrut Deutscher — Skrout German. Dr. Regel says — This is grown from St. Petersburgh to the Provinces to the south of Moscow. A roundish apple, of full medium size. When on the tree it is yellowish-green, afterwards a pale lemon, with more or loss red on the sunny side, and light or dark carmine stripes. The flesh is juicy and agreeable, mild, vinous acid ; good for dessert or cooking. It ripens ut the beginning of Sep'-vmber, and keeps till January. Samples kept in a Hiriit room, however, rotted in October. It is well worth planting, as it stuiids the severest winters at St. Petersburgh. 49 (3*72) Petrowskoe — St. Peter's. Dr. Hoskins has characterized this as the Russian " Early Joe." He considers it better than Switzer, and the best of the Russiar\ des- sert apples of its season, which is during August and Septen.ber. Mr. Webster says — A good bearer of small but handsome fruit, striped with red, fine in grain, of fiuc flavor for a Russian, better per- haps than Switzer, but does not carry as well. I also saw this fruiting at Mr. Underwood's. Mr. Perry says — A small striped apple of fine quality. September. Dr. Regel says that this is often seci; in the fruit gardens about Moscow. It was also sent to him by Mr. Vochin from Pskov. The fruit is quite large; wiien ou the tree, quite green ; when ripe, quite yellow, the sunny side largely covered with dull red. The flehh is wliite, firm, jnicy, with a slightly vinous acid taste. A good summer apple ; useful for dessert and cooking, but even as parly as the 15th of October, it began to decay, and one bad specimen spoils tliose near it. (3*74) WiSLOWGRO-E- -Pendent Ear. Resembles Duchess in size and color, and is about as prolific, but too astringent. It is the same as 240 — Sias. Dr. Kegel mentions this as grown by a peasant orchardist in the village of Moronov, in the Province of Novgorod. A roundish conic apple, of full medium size; greenish-yellow, with a faint blush. Flesh, firm, and not jnicy ; afterwards mealy, sweet, with an aftertaste like Anisovka. An autumn cooking apple. (375) KoRiTSCHEWOE Ananasnoe — Browny Pine Apple. Dr. Regel says — This is grown about Pskov and Novgorod, and thence towards the Provinces soutii of Moscow. A medium-sized apple, somewhat flat, very largely covered with dull red, with ligiit and uneven stripings, though sometimes the.se stripes are not visible. The flesh is white, some- times reddish under the skin ; tender, vinous .sweet, with a nice mild after- taste. A good autumn table apple ; in season from September to December. (3*18) Orsimui — Hibernal. Mr. Tuttle especially points out the good growth and perfect health of this tree, and thinks it worthy of trial in the colder climates. It is an early and good bearer of large and showy ajjples, blushed with red, and with large light dots. A good cooking apple, said to keep till December. Mr. Oliver Gibbs thinks highly of trees said to be of this variety, which he has found bearing in his neighbourhood. Mr. Perry speaks of this as a roundish fruit, above medium in siz •:!! I' !■ \m .J iri . it I .) 50 yellow, with dark red, in stripes and blotches ; sharp acid ; Decem- ber. Tree hardy and a young bearer, and a strong grower, rather inclined to branch on one side. (380) Gruscheffka Moskoloskaja — Moscow Pear. I would like to hear of this as having fruited, as in Russia, it would seem to be a favorite apple for early market. In Middle Russia, though small and white, its extreme earliness gives it value. At Kursk, we were told it was white in color. Dr. Rcgel speaks of this as growing in the Province of St. Petersburg, and in tlie country beyond Moscow. It seems to be below medium in size; yel- low with a good deal of red in splashes, and when grown farther soutli, mostly red. Flesli, white, sometimes reddish near tlie skin; tender, juicy, very agreeably acid, witli a nice aftertaste, and this aftertaste is more pe^ ceptable in samples grown in the South. It is one of the earliest of apples. It ripens in August. A table apple much prized on account of its productive- ness and its agreeable flavor. (382) BuzKAFA Selonka — Russian Green. This I saw in the orchard of Mr. Sias. Without doubt an Juis, of the type of the Blue Anis of the Volga. It is a medium-sized apple, flat, conic, and five-sided. Flesh, crude, and as yet uneatable. The fruit I saw at Mr, Tuttle's was just like it. This variety should be tried in the far North. Dr. Kegel received it from Voronesh, probably uom the Pomological Gar- dens tliere. Young trees suffered in Dr. Kegel's nursery in 1866-67. (387) DoBRUT Krestianin — Good Husbandman, Mr. Perry says — A fruit of medium size ; green until fully ripe ; about November, it becomes a rich, waxy white, sometimes with a bright Vermillion cheek. Flavor, peculiar; spicy, aromatic, and delicious, but difficult to describe. The tree is hardy, and in the nursery a moderate grower. Leaf small and narrow. Mr. Perry pre- dicts that this variety " has come to stay." Dr. Kegel speaks of this as growing near Moscow and to the south A small green apple with perhaps a little dull red on one side; an excellent table apple that keeps till spring and later. The tree is said to be hardy in Moscow, but young trees in nursery t\t St. Pe'^rsburg were injured durinj; the winter of 1866-67. (393) ZiTSONNOE Zarskoe — Imperial, Citron. A good grower and a great bearer. Fruit of good size and fair quality, but not of special value. Season, September. — Webster. 51 Mr. Perry says — A large, roundish fruit ; yellow, covered with light red specks ; very showy j mild sub-acid. Tree hardy. Season, August and September. (398) Krupneena — Enormous. An apple of Alexander type, and perhaps the largest of the August apples. Mr. Webster has grown specimens of this, nearly 14 inches in circumference. It is striped with red, almost covered ; oval, irregular in form ; somewhat coarse, but of fair quality for so large an apple, and of good sub-acid flavor. — Webster. Dr. Kegel received it from Saratov. (399) KRIMSKA..TA Selonka — Green Crimean. Tree not thoroughly hardy, and of value only for cooking. — Hoskins. Dr. Kegel mentions this as having received no a. inter injury up to date. (402) BoRSDORFER — Borsdorf. This is a German rather than a Russian apple, and a member of a large family. The tree has proved hardy and a good bearer with Mr. Webster. Both Mr. Tuttle and Mr. Sias say the tree is hardier than Fameuse. The fruit, from Mr. Webster's description, is from small to medium, of fair appearance ; firm, and of fine texture, sub-acid, rich and good. Dr. Hoskins says — When perfect, it looks very much like Ben Davis in form and color, but smaller. A first-rate keeper, is for home use, rather small for market. (40*7) TscHERNOE Drewo — Blockwood. A favorite winter dessert apple, which sells at extra price on the- Volga, on account of its fine quality. If picked early and stored in a cold place, it keeps till mid-winter or later. With Mr. Webster it ripened early and did not seem of special value. Mr. Tuttle says it blights ; Mr. Sias says good tree. Dr. Kegel mentions this as growing about Novgorod and Pskov, as well as in Middle Russia. It is medium in size or nearly so; greenish-yellow, with a little red ; flesh, white, tender, juicy, agreeably vinous acid, with sliglit aftertaste. A good dessert and kitchen apple, wi)ich ripens in Sep- tember, and keeps till February; in a light room, however, it begins to spoil ill November. It is grown largely, and highly thought of in the Southern Provinces, an*! especially in Saratov and Tambov. In Moscow there are not many trees of it, because there it feels the severity of the winters, and bears very little fruit. At Tambov it is grown in such quantity that it is fliipped from there in all directions. This has been nanied from the dark color of the bark of the tree. ■ii^ i M' fl 52 (410) Eepka MaIjENKA— Little Seedling. Mr. Oliver Gibbs says this is like Duchess in form of tree. He had seen it in his neighbourhood in perfect health, although growing close to other trees badly blighted. It is an abundant bearer ; fruit small, quality unknown at that season. Mr. Webster speaks of it as an enormous biennial bearer, and if thinned the fruit attains a fair medium size ; that it is too hard to be eatable till warm weather in spring, when it gradually ripens, and becomes tender, juicy, and of fair quality and flavor. Mr. Sias says that at the winter meeting of the Horticultural Society, at Minneapolis, it was the best keeper shown. It tasted fresh and tart, as if just picked from the tree. I saw this apple at Mr. Underwood's. It seems to be of the same family as the Bogdanoff, judging by its leaf as ^^ointed out by Mr. Budd. The Repka of Ellwanger & Barry, received from Moscow, is a summer apple. Dr. Regel speaks of this as growing in ihe neighbourhood of St. Petersburg. The apple is of small size, from an inch and a quarter to two inches in height, and from a quarter to half an inch more in width. On old trees the fruit is very small indeed. Dr Regel gives a woodcut of a sample fron- an old tree, *n inch and a quarter by three quarters of an inch. On the sunny side of the apple there is a light yellowish blush, with some stripes. The flesh is white, tender, with an agreeable vinous acid. The fruit has always a nice taste j is ripe the beginning of September, and keeps till January. This does not seem to be the long keeper sent out from Washing- ton. (413) Skrischapfel — Cross Apple. This I saw in the orchard of ?'i. Underwood, at Lake City, Minn. It is no doubt an Anis, of the Rad Anis family. It was top-grafted on Crab, as is apt to be the case, and I was disappointed with liie flavor of a prematurely ripened specimen. Mr. Oliver Gibbs, writing to me in November, says — " That apple you saw at Mr. Underwood's, and thought might be Anis, only from its lack of quality, turns out when ripe, to be red, high-finished, good, and a keeper. It is un- doubtedly the Red Anis." The summer heat of Central and Soutiiern Minnesota, in lat. 44 and 45, is no doubt much greater than that of the Upper Volga, from lat. 52 to above 55, and we may expect to find the fruit of those latter regions proportionately shortened in keeping qualities, 53 mil Mr. Perry says — Large and round, sometimes flat ; color, yellowish- gieen, with pale red stripes ; resembling Colvert's in form and color. Flesh, coar<-e, but mild and agreeable in flavor. Season, November. The tree is very hardy, but a slow grower. When root-grafted on Crab, it is crooked and inclined to bear when two or three feet high, but makes a good tree when top-grafted on Gros Pommier. (I fear there is some mistake here.) Dr. Kegel speaks of this as growing in the Province of Moscow, especially about Tula. A medium or small-sized apple, green or yellowish-green, with a little red on the sunny side. Flesh, greenish-white, juicy, vinous acid, and vinous sweet, with an agreeable taste like a reinette. A good table apple, which ripens in October and keeps, not only through the winter, but through the following snmmer. It is well worth growing, as the tree stands the severest winters at Moscow and St. Petersburg. Only such winters as 1866- 67 injure young trees. Mr. Schroeder, of Moscow, gives a like description of Skrischapfel, but what we saw in Russia, seemed a more soUd, weighty apple than that growing at Mr. Underwood's. (426) SwTNEZ — Lead Apple. Dr. Kegel received this from Moscow. The fruit, if I understand rightly, is either oblong or high conic, but I cannot be certain of this. Color, whit- jph green ; stem always short ; flavor, sub-acid ; an excellent cooking apple. The tree is small and round-headed, and bears every year. Trees received from Moscow had not received any winter injury whatever. Season from September to January. (42*7) Anisimowkoe — Anissim. Dr. Kegel mentions this as coming from a town near Yaroslav, to the north of Moscow. A small, conic, yellowish-green apple, with red side ; very mildly acid ; good for preserving in water. Kipe the end of September. The tree j^rows to a large size, and bears each year, and is a good tree for the cliinat« of Moscow. (429) BoSKLONOWKA — Bosklonoff. Sweet, bitter, and worthless. — Webst'"". (433) Orlowskoe— Or/o/. Mr. Tuttle says this is White Astrachan. Trees received from Elhvanger & Barry, fruited by myself and by Mr, R. W. Shepherd, of Conio., Que., seem to be White Astrachan. Ellwanger & Barry received theirs from Thomas Rivers. ' ' il I i-' if mi ^.W m i .9 il 54 (431) Sachoiswan — Saxonian. Striped on yellow ground ; season, late fall. — Tuttle, (439) Krimskaja Beel — White Krim. This is Duchess says Mr. Tuttle. This apple la known to Dr. Regel only from samples sent from the garden of Mrs. Garozeuoui. in the Province of Vladimir. When ripe the apple is a shiny lemon color on the sunny side, covered with lively red, sonietimes speckled with red like a brook trout. The flesh is white, firm and acid. A good dessert and cooking apple, which ripens in October, and keeps throughout the winier. From the measurements given by Dr. Regel, this apple must be considered small, or, at any rate, below medium in size. It is difficult to understand how that this apple, known only in one garden and described as it is above, should prove to be Duchess. (441) '^tRIMUSCHKA — Rattling. One speciman I saw at Mr. Underwood's — a large brownish-red fruit. Dr. Regel mentions this only as a synonym of Roshdesvenskoe No, 477, described by Krasnoglazov, of Moscow, under that name. (444) Reinette Liubski — Luhsk Queen. " A very beautiful sweet apple of no value," says Mr. Webster. Mr. Tuttle says although reported ^rom the East as sweet, he finds it sub-acid. He adds further that it is a very good fall apple about the size of Autumn Strawberry. Mr. Saunders (at Washington) says a very beautiful fruit, rather crisp and palatable on July loth. (448) Kardinal — Cardinal. That which I saw at Mr. Underwood's was small, striped and of nice flavor. Dr. Hoskins described it as a red-cheeked apple on dull whitish-green ground, but he received his from D. W. Adams, of Waukon, Iowa. (460) Beel Krasawiza — Handsome Wliite. An apple of White Calville form and size, acid, crude and unripe, as I saw it in the orchard of Mr. Spaulding, of Minneapolis. (461) "Warschtapel — Warsztappel At Mr. Underwood's an apple of full medium size, green with some faint red ; very ribbed and very wrinkled. ;he garden apple is a sonietimes and acid. and keeps Kegel, tliia n size. nly in one chess. )wnish-red )e No, 477, Webster, he finds it about the n) says a led and of [le on dull Ldams, of Id unripe, Ivith some 66 (453) Arkad KrasiwUI — Beautiful Arcade. A hard, white apple, somewhat juicy, sweet and with some tlavor, which Mr. Tuttle thinks very favorably of. Dr. Kegel wpeakH of this as an apple that growH in Old liuHsian County, in the Province of Novgorod. A small, roundish apple, mostly covered with a thin blush of red and darker stripes. Flesh white, sometimes stained with red ; good for cooking. Ripens in September and keeps till November. (455) RiABiNOUKA — Berri/ Apple. The Riabinovka, as grown by Dr. Hoskins, was received from Mr. D. W. Adams, Waukon, Iowa. An apple very closely resembling the Alexander. Dr. Hoskins and others agree that it is not that variety, yet Dr. Hoskins says there is no use in growing both. The tree is not perfectly hardy. Dr. Regal speaks of this as growing in the Provinces of St. Petersburg and Riazan. A small apple, somewhat fiat, not at all conic, with shallow, folded basin, and long stalk. Yellow, mostly covered with reing qualities not stated. (599) RoMENSKOE — Ortiensk. ||Dr. Regel received the Romnenskoe from Kraznnglazov, of Moscow, whence it was brought from the town of Romna. A high apple, dark inl, with a pleasant, acid taste. Ripe about the 1st of October, The tree is fairly hardy at St. Petersburg. 68 (600) Dlimoe — Long Apple. " This evidently gets its name from the tree, which has few and long branches, thickly studded with short spurs, each crowned in season with a rosette of beautiful little red apples of good quality," says Mr. Webster. Dr. Regel says a very hardy tree. It did not suffer at all in 1866-67 nor previously. (864) Arkad Duimtschataja — Smoky Arcade. Dr. Regel says this is grown about Moscow, and in the provinces to the pouth of it. A Fnmll, greeenish-yellow apple, with bright red on the sunny side ; not perfumed, and often a little bitter. It ripens as early as the middle of August, and does not keep long. People are fond of eating it when just picked off the tree. This tree is not apt to be injured by cold, although 36J° below zero (Farh.) is not good for it. In Dr. Hegel's garden, in 1866-67, most of the trees not covered with snow were badly injured. (8*74) BoROWiNKA Sladkaja — Siveet Mushroom. " A good-flavored sweet apple of good size and rather tough flesh," says Mr. Saunders. Dr. Regel peaks of this as growing in the garden of Mr. Ruimin, in the Province of Riazan, and also in the Emperor's garden at Peterhof. A medium or small-sized apple, greenish-yellow, with some yellowish-red on the sunny side, sometimes with some stripes. Flesh greenish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, with good aftertaste. It ripens in September, and keeps in a good cellar till the New Year. This is not a Borovinka. It is more like an Arcade; just such an apple as we do not want, (965) GrRUSCHEFFKA Sladkj^.ja — Sweet Pear. '' Not sweet, but a fine sub-acid apple of the Yellow Transparent class," says Mr. Webster. I saw it at Mr. Spaulding's, probably the same fruit. (966) TucHERNOKRASNOE — Red-hiack. Mr. Sias says : — One of the most showy and beautiful of my Russian varieties, and one of the largest. Color nearly black where well exposed to the sun ; a little coarse in texture, but a good market apple. Season probably October to November. * Dr. Regel received this from the Penza nurseries. Young trees in fotne CftPcs proved hardy, in others not, f • 11 3 - "V \ 64 (970) TuHUOlNKA Selomaja — Green Citron. Medium in size, shy bearer, not profitable. — Sias. (9*71) Wassilli Welikui — Vasilis Largest. This belongs to the same family as Green Streaked, Zolotoreft" and Turnipy Juicy. Mr. Tuttle says, it is a little more like Alexander in color, and in the appearance of the tree, about the same quality as the others, and, like them, an early bearer of large, showy, fall market apples. Mr. Perry says : — A large, round, red-striped apple, coarse in flesh and of fair quality. A good market apple ; season, October. Tree hard> and a good grower. Dr. Kegel received this from Penza. The word Vasilui means Basil's. (978) Stekliannoe Duschisstoe — Shining Aromatic. " Fruit of no value here," says Mr. Webster. Mr. Tuttle says : — An acid fruit, rather fine in grain and with some flavor ; not bad, but we have too many such apples. (975) Tetnekrasnoe — Red Teat. " This tree," says Mr. Webster, " is a wonderful bearer, and the fruit, if judiciously thinned, large to very large, but of fair (juality and flavor only ; September." It is like Mr. Webster's Zolotoreff", but not so good in quality, nor does it seem to keep as long. (978) Beel Solotofskaja — Golden Wliite. Dr. Hoskins pronounces this the best late fall apple among the Russians for market purposes; St. Peter the best early fall. He describes it as medium in size, with no cavity ; in color a dull pale green, turning to a dull yellow, with a few pale red stripes in the sun ; many specimens have no red at all. The flesh is soft, a little coarse ; flavor, a mild sub-acid. Mr. R. Brodie, of Coteau St. Pierre, exhib- ited in Montreal last September a plate which seemed of this variety. He has five trees of it, planted about five years, and the trees seem extra hardy, and good young bearers. The samples shown were a good deal above medium size, and some samples grown by Mr. Brodie have been very nearly as large as Alexander. Dr. Hegel leceived this from Penza. (981) Beelowoe Scholto Seroe — White Russet. Mr. Tuttle says : — A large yellow apple with a red cheek ; a little russety around the stem. Quality good. An early and abundant bearer ; season, late fall. 66 I refF and ander in ty as the I market e, coarse October. Jasil's. ic. i says : — bad, but , and the aahty and k but not ntiong the fall. He lull pale the sun ; coarse ; re, exhib- s variety, recs seem wn were by Mr. (983) AsTRACHANSKOE Skwasnoe — Red Astrachan. " Not Red Astrachan," says Mr. Spaulding. " It should have been translated 'Transparent Astrachan.'" Dr. Kegel received it from Penza. (984) Anis KtJRSKi — Koursk's Anisetle. I saw this at Mr. Underwood's — a small green fruit without any basin, and very wrinkled near the calyx ; not of Anis type at all. Mr. Sias says that it resembles Russian Green, is of fine quality, and keeps pretty well for a fall fruit. Evidently not the same apple as Mr. Underwood's. Dr. Kegel received this from Penza, but does not describe it. (985) Anis Krasnui — Red Anisette. A true variety of the Anis. When I saw it in August, in Mr. Sias orchard, it was not fully colored, and in fact it scarcely seems to have any more color than the Yellow Ani'- growing alongside of it. This is not noted by Dr. Regel as the same as the Pink Anis. Anis Alui (Pink Anis) is the apple which we have noted in Russia aa growing in such cjuantity from Kazan to Saratov. Dr. Regel describes it from samples from the Province of Kazan, as a medium-.sizcd tlattish apple, dark carmine, with s.ime dingy yellow on the shady side. Flesh greenish- white, very juicy, sour, with a strong bitter aftertaste. It ripens in Septem- ber, and keeps till January, but on account of its bitter taste is fit only for cooking. '# ■ 1 ■\\. ANIS ALl'I. When on the Volga I tasted a good many apples of this variety, 5 66 the most prematurely ripened specimens I could find. Mr. Budd suspected no bitter aftertaste, neither did I. (987) Anis SCHALTUI — Yellow Anisette. This also is a true Anis. When I tasted it in Mr. Sias' orchard, it was hard in texture and a crude acid. But Mr. Sias says that it does not keep past September. These were top-grafted on Crab. Mr. Sias tells me that he has found, in his neighborhood, trees grafted on apple roots, planted in 1881. The trees seemed in perfect health, and the fruit about a third larger than that grown on Crab. The fruit, however, ripened in the fall, and did not keep. This and the Red Anis above noted, and 382 Green Russian and 413 Skrischapfel, or Cross apple, are true varieties of the Anis, and may prove of great value in the far north. (988) Ananasnoe — Pine-apple. Like Yellow Transparent at Mr. Underwood's. Dr. Regel's Select Lists. Our object must be to find out as soon as possible the few best varieties in this long catalogue. * Dr. Regel in 1882 gave us ast he result of his experience to date a list of ten varieties, which were as follows : — 236 Antonovka, 252 Aport. 245 Borovinka, 157 Belui Naliv, 182 Red Summer Calville, 322 Koritsnevoe (Zimmetapfel ), 375 Koritsnevoe Ananasnoe, 266 Polosatoe Novgorodskoe, 366 Skvosnoi Naliv (not in Department catalogue), 413 Skrischapfel, and 230 Titovka; Dr. Regel also noted a longer list, which is as follows : — 185 Ani- sovka, 184 Arabskoe, 203 Arkad, 188 Arkad Joltui, Berezinskoe (not in Department catalogue), 122 Borsdorfer Reveler, 248 Beel, Vinnoe Zelonoe (not in Department catalogue), 380 Gruscheffka Mos- covskaya, 338 Gruscheffka Revelskaya, Zelonka (not in Depart- ment catalogue), 260 Semnie Polosatoe, 231 Zolotoi Arkad, 268 Kremerskoe, 197 Krivos^ see, 368 ^liron Sacharnui, 234 Mus- catelnoe, Naslednik Nikolai Alexandrovitch (not in Department catalogue), 372 Peiiovskoe, Champagnerapfel (not in Department catalogue), 246 Plodovitka, 332 Plodovitka Rannaya, 164 Polosatoe Heidorn, Revelskoe Golubinoe, or Reveler Taubenapfel (not in Department catalogue), 204 Rubets, 226 Rubets Belui, 210 Rubets ♦ Note,— The numbcrg referred lo in this and the following^ list are those of the Depart- ment catalogue. ||-V'"J I1S5 Ani- ikoe (not I, Vinnoe a Mos- Depart- :ad, 268 ;4 Mus- )artnient )artment 'olosatoe |(not in Rubets Ihe Depart. Q1 Vinogradni, 217 Sacharnoe, 207 Stupka, Charlamowskoe (262 of Department catalogue), 407 Tchernoe Derevo, and 342 Charlotten- thaler Joltoe. On other Importations from St. Petersburg. Several importations besides that of the Department have been received from Dr. Regel. In some instances these have been sent out by number. I must, therefore, call attention to certain instances where the numbering in j^hese collections does not agree with that of the Department list. Prof. Budd, of Ames, Iowa, received from Dr. Regel in March, 1879, seventy-two varieties. Of these, fourteen do not appear in the Department list. Of that importation. No. 151, Miron Sacharni, is 368 of the Department ; 257, Arabskoe, is 184 of the Department. No. 277, Swinzovka, is Wargul of the Department, whereas the Svinzoff ka of the Department is 362 ; 379, Gruscheffka Revelskaya, is 338 of the Department. Otherwise, numbers agree. However, I must note that in the catalogue of Dr. Regel of 1882 Miron Sacharni is 368, yet the mistake was not made by Mr. Budd, as the numbers run from i upwards. Number 277 is the Svinets of Dr. Kegel's catalogue, but is 426 of the Department catalogue, otherwise the numbering of Dr. Kegel's catalogue of 1882 and Mr. Budd's collection agree. As to the numbering of Dr. Kegel's catalogue of 1882, it agrees with that of the Department, with the following exceptions : — No. 257, Arabskoe is 184 of the Department; No. 15 is Gruscheffka Nalivnaya, whereas No. 15 of the Department is Sussapfel von Toenarius ; 379 Gruscheffka Kevelskaya is 338 of the Department; 277, Svinets, is Wargul of the Department ; 258 Charlamovskoe, is 262 of the Department. I think this will serve to show that these a[)ples should not be propagated by number. In conclusion, I would urge that a systematic effort be made to reap the harvest of information which will be obtainable next autumn. Mr. Wm. Saunders tells me that of the 252 kinds received all grew, that scions of all were distributed, that every available scion was cut for six years, and that in one year over 100,000 packets were sent out by the Department. Let all throughout the country who have tested these fruits, send notes to the horticultural societies of their respective States, and thus tend to bring facts to a focus on this important .question. .fi