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1 2 3
1
*
2
3
4
5
6
Preceded by a clear a»ld disiWMsrTgipaKtlon
of all the Conjugatioiis ; as ^y^ejT^i^fiill
and compile hensive Table of all the
Irregular Verbs of the
GUAGE
Rouge, Loaiilftna.
^^I>ITION.
i"l " , > "tj"i A "T"
JL^ or jo^i«
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PRINTED BX Be MONTIGNY <fc Co,
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EXERCISES
UPON ALL THE
FRENCH VERBS,
HIiCLH, IBBEGIiUB, m DtFECTIVIi
PRECEDED BY A CLEAR AND DISTINCT
EXPOSITION OF ALL THE CONJUGATIONS;
AS WELL AS A FULL AND COMPREHENSIVE
TABLE OF ALL THE IRREGULAR VERBS,
OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE,
BY
B. GRANET, L L D.
. ' PRINCIPAL OF THE COLLEGE OF BATON-ROUGE, LOUISIANA.
MONTREAL
FOR SALE AT ALL THE BOOKSELLERS.
PRINTED BY DE MONTIGNY & COMPANY.
1857
^^
Registered according to tlic Act of the Legislative
Assembly, in the year One Thousand Eight Hundred and
Fifty Seven, by De MONTiaNY & COMPANY, in the
Office of the Registrar of the Province of Canada.
INTRODUCTION.
In publishing this little book I have no other view than
one of public utility. Experience has convinced me that
among the difficulties with which children hive to contend
in studying the French li;ipguage, there is perhaps none
greater than the conjugation of verbs, and the proper use of
their various tenses and moods. They should therefore be
broken to it as early as possible, and almost before they
study anything else in the French grammar. The conju-
gation of verbs is a sort of mechanical process, which is
not so intimately connected with the other parts of the
grammar as to require a previous knowledge of a' cles,
substantives, adjectives, &c.
I have constantly /ollowed this course in my own esta-
blishment, and I find it answers well ; in a very short time
my pupils can easily conjugate any frenoh verbs, and account
for the formation of all tenses.
I would advise teachers to make their pupils go several-
times over their exercices, and they will find that the children
will afterwards translate with much more facility any book
they may chose to give them.
y
N
-
•
*
c
\
ei
CONJUGATION OF FRENCH 'VERBS.
There arc five sorts of verbs in French, viz :
The verb substantive ; as Etre, to be,
The verb active ; as Aimer, to love.
The verb neuter ,• as Dor?nir, to sleep.
The verb reflected ; as se plaindre, to complaim, -
The YerhHinpersonal ; as il phut, it rains.
Verbs commonly called passive are nothing but the verb
Stre conjugated with the participle past of some other verb ;
as Je suis aim 6, I am loved.
The two verbs avoir and etre arc also called auxiliary
verbs, because they serve to conjugate the other verbs.
All French verbs are divided into four conjugations, whiph
are distinguished by the ending of the present infinitive, .
The 1st. conjug. ends in er ; as bldm-er, to blame. ^
The 2d. conjug. ends in ir ; as bann-ir, to banish.^ ..
The 3d. conjug. ends in oir ; as recevoir, to receive.
The 4th. conjug. ends in re ; as vend-re, to sell.
MOODS.
There are five moud;^, \az : nmaicuicj, .^^ x..-..c.vvi,- ;
Le conditionnel, tho conditional; L'^7r^pem^^/; the impera-
tive ; Le subjonctif, the subjunctive ; Linfimtif, the inti-
nitive.
hy
— (3
11
TENSES.
^-G present, tho present ;
Vimparfait, the imperfect ;
Le preterit defini, denoting a time entirely past •
Lefutur, the future. ^ ^ '
Tlie compound tenses are :
inaicam ot one of the verbs mdir or Ure and the narticinls
past of the verb conjugated, as, JW aimi ; uZt^^T^^^
Le preterit aMhieur, compounded of the priSterit d^fini of
avo^r or etre, with the partic*. past of the vS cinjuf ted
:;StZrr '''"^^'-- -«-- When^-'had
Le fitnr passe the Mme past, compounded of thefutur,.
a,mr or «>e, with thepartie. past of the verbconia.at"d
as, Vous sortirez, quand vous aurezflni vo ™ tSe? yf..'
shall go out when you have done your exere ise. '
The Auxiliary Verb AVOIR, to w
( This verb Ulonys to the »rd cp,ju(,ulion. )
INFINITIYE MOOD.
Simple Te7ises
TBJJSENT
Avoir,
Comjiound 2\nses,
•PilETERIT,
to have, ^^"^y^^ndoflhe Present hijhu)
PARTICIPLE PRESi^NT 'j^^^^*^"' ^U, to haVG had.
4yant ' 1 . i 2i) PAimciPLE PAST.
' ^„,^ ^^''^'^S-KCompomdofthe Part nre^^nf \
rARTlCIPLE PAST. lAvint p„ ' - . / e r. ,
i^yanteu, havmg had.
ARTICIPJ
m
Ell, Eue,
had.'Devaut
: FUTURE.
avoir, who is to have.
S.
Vs
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Simple Tenses.
S.
Tu as,
lla,
Nous avons,^
Vous avez,
Us ont,
^ IJirKllFECT
, J'avais,
Tu avals,
II avait,
. Nous avion^
Vous aviez,
lis avaient,
PEF.TKRIT DEFINITE.
I have,
tliou hast. {
he has.
we have,
ye have,
they have.
I had.
thou hadst,
he had.
■\ve Jiad.
ye had.
they had.
!S.
I had.
thou hadst.
he had.
>ve had.
ye had.
they liad.
FCTURE.
.T'aurai I shall
Tu auras, thou shalt
II aura, he shall
Nous aurons, we shall
Vous aurez, ye shall
lis auront, they shall
J'eus,
Tu eus:,
II eut
I*. Nous eumcs,
Vous eute3,
I lis eurent.
S.
:3
Compoitnd Tenses.
I'RETEKIT INDEFINITK.
(Compound of the Prcs. indiciil.)\ (
S. J'ai eu.
I have ' ,S
Tu as cu, thou hast _ |
II a eu, ,, he has -^ !
r. Nous avonseu, avc have ^
Vous avez cu, ye have
lis ont eu, they, have
PHETKBIT ANTKRIKLB-
(Compound of the Fret, definite.)
S. J'eus cu, I ha'\
Tueuseu, thou hadst
II eut cu, , hehad
P. Nous eiirncs ou, we had
' Vous elites eu, ye had
!!« euvent eu, they had
,S
2 If
I'LUPEIll^ECT.
Compound of the Imperfect.)
J'avais eu, .Thad
Tu avals eu, thou hadst ^
11 avait eu, he had -=
Nous av ions cu, avc had ^
Vous avic''- eu, ye had
lis avaient eii, they had
FUTURE VAST.
(Compound of the Future.)
J'auvaieu, I shall
Tu auras eu, thou shalt
II aura eu, he shall
. Nous aurons cu, we shall
Vous aurez eu, ye shall
lis auront cu, they shall
ID
CONDITIONAL MOOD.
rRVSF.NT.
TRETKRIT.
[(Compound of the Condit. pres.)
I 03 : S. J ' auraie , or J 'eusse eu , I ^
thou I I Tu aurais, Tu cusses cu, thou^
he '^ \ 11 aurait, H eut cu, he .
"" !p. N.aurions-N.oussionscujwej
^ ' V. aurlez, V. eussiez eu,_ye
S. J'auraisovJ'eusse,
Tu aurais, Tu cusses,
II aurait, II cut, _
1> N.aurioiis, N. eussiyiis wo
pi
o
— 8 —
wi
IxMPERATryE MOOD.
S. No first person.
Aie,
Qu'il ait,
T*. Ayons,
Ayez,
Qu'ils aieiit.
Have tliou.
Let him have.
Let us have.
Have ye.
Let tliem have.
Simple Tenses
PRESENT.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
S.
Que j 'aie,
Que tu aies,
Qu'il ait,
Que nous ayons,
Que vous ayez,
Qu'ilsaient,
IMP£RBEC"T.
that I
thou
lie
we
ye
they
e3
c3
S. Quej'eusse,
Que tu eusses,
Qu'il eiit,
P. Que nous eussions
Que vous eussiez,
Qu'ils eussent,
that I
thou
he
we
ye
they
Compound Tenses.
mETERIT.
(Compound Of the Present subj.)
S. Quej'aieeu, that I
Que tu aies eu, thou J
Qu'il ait eu,
P. Que nous ayons eu,
Que vous ayez eu
Qu'ils aient eu,
, rLui>Eiirr:cT.
'^(Compoundofthelmperfectsub;.)
S. Quej'eusseseu, that I ^•
Que tu eusses eu,
Qu'il eiit eu,
-gj'P. Que nous eussions eu'^
•g Que vous eussiez eu,
I Qu'ils eussent eu,
he
Ave
ye
they
thouj
he a>
we %
ye ,
they g
Conjugate the same verb.
Interrogatively : Present.
Imperfect.
Pret. defin.
Pret. intl.
Pret. ant.
Pluperfect.
Future.
XT \. , Future past.
Negatively : Present.
Negatively and Present.
Interrogati vely Pluperfect.
Ai-je 7
As-tu ?
A-t-il V
Avais-je ?
Eus-je'?
Ai-je eu ?
■Eus-je eu ?
Avais-je eu '{
Aurai-je ?
Aurai-je eu ?
•Ten'aipas.
Jen'ai pascu.
N'ai-i<» '"xio v
N
iiave I ? .
hast thou ?
has he 't
had I '/
liad I ?
Jiave I had ?
Jiad I had ?
liad I had 7
shall I have ?
■•^hall I have had ?
I have not.
I have not liad.
liave I not 'r
Etre,
avais-icp.eurhadl not?
9 —
The Auxiliary Verb ETEE, to he.
(This Verb belongs to the ith conjugation.)
INFINITIVP] MOOD.
Simple Tenses.
* PRESENT.
Compound Tenses.
PRETERIT.
{Compound of the Present infin.)
Etre,
to be; 'Avoir ete,
PARTICIPLE PRESENT.
to have been.
2d participle past.
(Compound of the Partic. pres.)
Etant. (invar.) being. Ayant ete, having been.
PAHTICIPLB past, ' F T'.TICIPLE FUTURE.
Ete, (invar.) been. iDevani ^ ere, who is to be.
INDICATIVE 5I00D.
t
Simple
Tenses.
present.
PRETERIT DEFINITE.
s.
Je suis,
I am.
S. Je fir .
I was.
Tues,
thou art.
Tu fus,
thou wast.
11 est.
he is.
11 fut,
he was.
p.
Nous sommes,
we are.
P. Nous fiinies,
Ave were.
Vous otes,
ye are.
Vous futes,
you were.
lis sout,
they are.
lis fut-ent.
they were.
IMPERFECT
,
rUTURE.
s.
J'etais,
I was.
S. Je serai,
I shall be.
Tu etais, .
tlicu wast.
Tu scras,
thou shalt be
11 etait,
lie was.
11 sera,
he shall be.
r
Nous etions.
we were.
P. Nous Borons,
we shall be.
Vous etiez,
yc were.
Vousserez,
ye shall be.
lis etaient,
they were.
lis serotit,
they shall be.
Compound Tenses.
PRETERIT INDEFINITE. i J'LUPERFKCT.
{Compound of the Prcs. indicat.)- {Compound of the Imperfect.)
S. J'ai ete, I have |S* J'iivais ete, I had
Tu as ete, thou hast" i Tu avals etJ, thou hadst
II a ete, lie has ^\ II nv;iit ete, he had
P. Nous avons ete, we have J P. Nous avions ete, we had
Vous avez et"?, ye have ■ Vous avicz «5te, ye Ixad
Ilsontete, they have lis avaicnt ete, they had
— 10 —
PRETERIT ANTTERIOR.
I'!
w
s.
J^eus ete,
Tu eus ete,
II eut ete.
Nous en mes ete,
Vous eutes ete,
lis eurent-ete.
I had
thou liaclst
he had
we had
ye liad
they had
FIXTURE PAST.
( Compound of the Future. )
S. J'aurai ete, I shall
Tu auras ete, thoushaltg
II aura ete, he shall ^
P. Nous aureus ete, we shall p
Vous aurez ete. ye shall ^
lis auront ett5, they shtiin
CONDITIONAL MOOD.
PRESENT.
S.
Je serais,
Tu serais,
II serait, ,
P, Nous serious,
Vous seriez,
lis seraient,
S.
s
I
thou
lie
we
ye
they
o
O
I PRETERIT.
[Co7np. of the Co7idition. pres.)
S. J'aurais, or J'eusse ete, I d
Tu aurais, Tu eusses ete, thou S
II aurait, II exit ete, he "^
P. N.aurionSjN.eussions ete,we^
V. auriez, V. eussiez ete, yeZ:
Us auraientjilseuss.ete, they-l
S.
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
No first person.
Sois,
Qu'il soit,
Soyons,
Spyez,
Qu'ils soient,
be thou,
let him be.
let us be.
be ye.
let them be.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Simple Tenses.
PRESENT.
Que je sois, that I
Que tu sois, . thou
Qu'il soit, lie
Que nous soyons, we
Que vous soyez, ye
Qu'ils suicnt, they
IMPERFECT.
Compound Tenses.
PRETERIT.
{Compound of the Imperfect )
S. Quoj'aio etu, that I
a
Que je fusse,
Que tu fusses,
Ou'ii f"t
Que nous fussions
Quo vous fussioz,
Qu'ilf^ fusscnt,
that I
tliou
ho
ye
they
thou I
he 7:
we ^
ye ■ ^
they g
-r3
to
Quo tu aies ete,
Qu'il ait etc,
P. Que nous ayons ete,
Quo vous avez ete,
Qu'ils aieut ete,
PLUPERFECT.
(Compound of Ih^. Imperf suhj.)
S. Quo j'eusse ete, that I o
Que tu eusses ete, '
Qu'il our ete,
P. Qiae nous eussions ete,
Que vous cussiez'ete,
Qu'ils cussent ete.
thouj
lie >
Ave t;
ye W3
thoya
\
Future.)
'. shall
hou slialt g
le shall ^
re shall «
'e shall g
liey shJiU—
Hon. pres.)
ete, I fl
ete,thouS
) he .
isete,we^
: ete, ye^
ete, tliey-l
ses.
piufecl
)
lat I
3
thou a
he
'"■
, wc
>
ye
■ l>^
they 1
erf. su(
y.)
at I
s
' thou^
he
>"
X
, wc
-*-'
. y«
fcfl
11 —
Conjugate the same verb :
Interrogatively : Present. ,
Imperfect
Negatively :
Negatively and
Interrogatively.
Pret. Ind.
Present.
Imperfect.
Pret. Ind.
Present.
Pret. Ind.,
Suis-je !
Etais-je?
Ai-je ete ? .
Je ne suis pas.
Je n'etais pas.
Je n'ai pas ete.
Ne suis-je pas?
N'ai-je pas ute?
am I ?
was I ?
have I been ?
I am not.
I was not.
I have not been,
am I not ?
have I not been?
For the formation of tenses in the four regular conjuga-
tions, the pupil must consult the grammar.
Tenses called primitive, are those which not being formed
from any tenses themselves, serve to form others that are
called derivative. They are five, yiz : The Prese7it infi-
nitive; ihG Participle present ; the Participle past ; the
present indicative, and the Preterit definite.
CONJUGATION OF REaULAR VERBS.
FIRST CONJUGATION; in £i2.
BLAM-ER, to blame.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Simple Te lines
PRESENT.
(A primitive Teme.)
Com]'Ound Tenses.
rUETEUIT.
(Comp. of the Pres. infinitive.)
Blam-er,
to blame. ! Avoii; blam-e , to have blame.1.
PAllTICU'LE PRESENT.
(A primitive Tense.)
Blani-ant,
PARTICIPIil^ i'AST.
blaming,
2d participle past.
{Comp. of the Participle present.)
Ayant blfim-e , having l)lamed .
participle FUTnBK.
{A primitive Tense.)
thoyg
iUCim-e, ee,
blauiod.Dovant blam-er, who is to blame.
1
— 12 —
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Simple Tenses.
PRESENT.
(^ primitive Tense.)
S. Je blam-e, I blame or
Tu blam-es
II bmm-e, lie blames
P. N. blam-ons, we blaraq
V. blam-ez, ye blame "1 'i.
lis blam-ent, they blame i ^
IMPERFECT.
{Formed from the Particip. prest
by chan(jin(j ant iiito ais.)
S. Je blam-ais, I was
Tu blam-ais, thou wast ^ 2J
Ilbla^a-ait, he was 'H
•f . JVous blam-lons, we were g 3
Vous blam-iez, ye were S .'S
lis blfim-aient, they were"^ '^
Compound Tense
PRETERIT IXDEFIXITK.
PRETERIi; DEFINITE.
T , , {-^primitive Tense.)
I blame or - « S Tp hiAm o; t n /
, +Hn„KT, A sycfli^- Je OMm-ai, I blamed ^
p. N. blam-ames, we blamed ^s
V. blam-ates, ye blamed ^
lis blam-erent,they blamed *-
FUTURE. '
{Formed from the Pres. infinitive
by adding ax.)
Je blamer-ai, I will or
Tu blamer-as, thou wilt g
II blamer-a, he will S
Nous blamer-ons, '^
Vous blamer-ez,
lis blamer-ont,
S.
we will :f
ye will 'S
they will "»
{Compound of the Pres. indicat.)
S. J'ai blam-e, I have
Tuasblam-d, thou hast
II a blam-e, . he has
P. i\. avons blam-e, we have
V. avez blam-e, ye have "^
■ lis ont blam-e, they have
PRETERIT ANTERIEOR-
a
c3
PLUPERFECT.
{Compound of the Imperfect.)
S. J'avais blam-e, Iliad
Tu avals blam-e', thouhadst •
II avait blarti-e, he had "S
P. N.ftvions blam-e, we had f
V. aviez blam-e, ye had '^
lis avaient blam-e, they had
FUTURE PAST.
S, J'e\is blam-e, I
Tu eus blam-e, thou
II eut blam-e, he
P. Nous eumes blam-e, we
Vous eutes blam-e, ye
lis curent blam-e, they
o
B
S. J'aurai blam-e, I will or ^
Tu auraJ? blam-e, thou wilt I
II aura blam-e, he will ~
P. N.aurons blam-e, we v/ill ^
V. aurez blam-e, ye will ^
lis auront blam-e, tliey will I
PRESENT.
{Formedfrom thefuiureby chang
ing rai ?n/o rals.j
>>. Je blame-rais,
Tu blauie-rai.s,
II blame-rait,
P. Nous blame-rioiis,
Vous blame-rioz,
lb blfime-raieut.
CONDITIONAL MOOD.
I
thou
he
Ave
ye
thov
3
CO S
PRETERIT.
|(Co?«,/). 0/- the Condition.
:S. J'aurais, or J-eusse
Tu aurais, Tu eusses »
II aurait, II eut 'if*
P. N.aurions. N.eussionsJ
V. auriez, V. eussioz?
Ilsauraient, Ilsoussout
pres.)
I i
thou 5
he ^
we ~.
they ;•
— 13 —
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
S. No first person.
Blam-e, '
«Qu'il blam-e,
P. Blam-ons,
Blam-ez,
Qu'ils blam-ent,
Do thou blame,
let him blame,
let us blame,
do ye blame,
let them blame.
SUBJONCTIVE MOOD.
Simple Te7ises.
PRESENT.
{Formed from the parte,
by changing Sint into
S. Que je blam-e, that
Que tu blam-es,
Qu'il blam-e,
r. Que nous blam-ions,
Que vous blam-iez,
Qu'ils blam-ent,
present
e.)
I -
thou g
he ^
we -^
ye *
they «
IMPEBFECT.
{Formed by the parte, definite by
ehangirig ai into asse.)
S. Que je blam-asse, that I g
Que tu blara-asses, thou |
Qu'il blam-at, he 3
P. Que nous blam-assions, we S
Que vous blam-assiez, ye .SP
Qu'ils blam-assent, they 9
Compound Tenses.
PRETEREIT.
(Cohround of the Present subj.)
S. Que j'aie blame, that I '6
Que tu aies blame, thou J
Qu'il ait blame, ' be '^
P. Que nous ay ons blame, we ^
Que vous ayex blame , ye ►»
Qu'ils aient blame, they g
PLUPERFECT.
(Compound of the Imperfect subj.)
8. Que j'eusse blame, that I tJ
QuetueussesbUme, thou^
Qu'il eiit blame, ^ he -^
P. Que N. eussions blame, we >
Que V. eussiez blame, ye
Qu'ils eussent blame, they"^
Conjugate the same verb :
Interrogatively : Present.
Pret. ind.
Negatively : Imperfect.
Pluperfect.
Interrogat. and Future.
Negatively. Future Past.
Blame-je ? Do I blame.
Ai-je blame ? have I blamed?
Je ne blamais pas. I did not blame.
Jen'avais p.blame. Ih. notblamd.
Ne blamerai-je pas ? sh. I not blame
N'aurais-je p. blame, shall I not
have blamed.
— 14 —
>
)■'■
SECOND CONJUGATION, in IE.
B ANN-IR, to banish.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Simple Tenses.
PiiESENr.
{^primitive Tense.)
Bann-ir, to banish.
PARTICIPLE PRESENT.
Compound Tenses.
PRETERIT.
\Compound of the Present infin.)
Atoir bann-i, to have banished.
2d-^articiple past.
{A primitive Tense.)
Bann-issant, banishing. \^^0"^Pound of the Participle prs.)
ST Ayant bann-i, ha vino- hnniaiio-i
participle past,
(^ primitive Tense.)
I"- f.
Bann-i, bann-ie, banished.
■
Ayant bann-i, having banished.
participle fdture.
Devant bann-ir, who is to banish.
PRESENT.
(^ primitive Tense.)
S. Je bann-is, i o
Tu bann-is, thou'? ^ tb
II bann-it, he ° o -S
r. Nous banu-issons, we ^^^
vous bann-issez, ye -2 -S •=•
lis bann-issent, theyj §
impi;rf£ct.
(Formed from the part, present
by changing ant into ais.)
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Simple Tenses.
PRETERIT definite.
{.d primitive Te^ise.)
TS S . 'S. Je bann-is,
S. Je bann-iss-ais,
Tu bann-iss-ais,
II bann-iss-ait,
P. N. banu-iss-ions,
V. bann-iss-iez,
I
thou
we
ye
lis bann-issaient, they
03 2
P O
Tu bann-is,
II bann-^.,
P. Nous bann-imes,
Vous bann-ites,
I Us bann-irent,
future.
{Formed from the present inf. by
adding the syllabe 0,1)
I
thou
he
vre
ye
they
5? •
OQ
■Si
CO '^
preterit indefinite.
(Compound of the Pres. indicat.)
S. J'ai banu-i, i
Tu as bann-i, thou
11 a bann-i, he
P. Nous avons bann-i, we
Vous a vez bann-i, ye
Us ont bann-i, they
Compound Tenses.
S. Je bannir-ai,
Tu bannir-as,
II bannir-a,
Nous bannir-ons,
Vous Irannir^ez,
lis bannir-ont.
I
thou
he
we
ye
they
e3
a
pluperfect.
(Compound of the Imperfect ind.)
S. J'av^iis bann-i, I _j
Tu avais bann-i, thou J
U avait bann-i, he •§
Nous avions bann-i, we ^
Vous aviez banni, ye f.
lis avaient bann-i, they «
^resent infin.)
lave banished.
PRETl-.TlIT ANTERIOR. FUTURE PAST.
( Compoxind of the Pret. definite.)] ( Compound of the Future)
S. .T'eus bann-i, I
Tu eus bann-i, tliou
II eut bann-i, he
P. Nouseiimesbaun-i, we
Vous eutes bann i, ye
lis eurent bann-i, they
rs ,S. J'aurai bann-i,
" Tu auras bann-i,
'S
I
thou
II aura banri-i, he
P. Nous aurons bann-i, we
Vous aurez bann-i, ye
lis auront bann-i, they
CONDITIONAL MOOD.
PRESENT.
PRETERIT.
{Formed from the part. pre. by (Compound of the cbnd. present.)
cha7igin(; YSii into YfiiB.) Is. J'auraisorj'eusse I
S. Je banni-rais, I
Tu banni-rais, thou
II banni-rait, he
P. Nous banni-rions, we
Vous banni-riez, ye
lis banni-raient, they
en ^
O
55
T. aurais, tu eusses "~ thou ^ ^
Ilaurait,ileut She J 2
P. N. aurions, n. eus-.^^ we ^ .2
sions § rt
V. auriez, v.cussiez ve -€
lis auraient,ils cussent they
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
S. No first person.
Bann-is
Qu'il bann-isse,
P. Bann-issons,
Bann-issez,
Qu'ils baun-issent,
Banish thou. *
Let him banish.
Let us banish.
Bo ye banish.
Let them banish.
SUBJONCTIVE MOOD.
by
Simple Tenses.
pre'Sent.
(Formed from the part, prcs
changing ant into e.)
S. Quo je bann-iss-e, that I
Que tu bann-iss-es,
Qu'ii banu-iss-c,
P. Q. noua bann-iss-ions, we
Q. vous bann-iss-iez, ye a
Qu'ils bann-iss-ent, they S
thou.a
a
Compound Tenses.
PRETERIT.
(Compound of the present subj.)
S. Que j'aie banni, that I
. 4>
Q. tu aies banni, tbc^i > -^
^ ait banni,
P. Q. nous ayons banni, we
Que vous ayez banni, ye g J
Qu'ils aient banni, they
e3
— 16 —
If'
rr
ii
IMPERFECT. I
{Formed from the pret. def. by\
adding se. ) !
S. Queje bannis-se, that I
• Tl^\ bannis-ses, thou| i
Qu'il bann-it, he ^i
P. Q. nous bannis-sions, we t
Q. Tous bannis-siez, ye -^
yu lis bannis-sent, theyg
PLUPERFECT.
{Compound of. the Imperf. subj.)
S. Q. j'eusse banui, that I , <j,
Q. tu eusses banni, thou % — '
Qu'ileiUbanni, he -=5 J
P. Q.nouseus?ionsbanni,we ;sl
Q. vous eus§iez banni, ye "^ «^
Qu'ils eussent banni, they « "^
Observe, that although the greater part cf the verb, of
^eseeond conjugation mike thei? partiefple presen in'w
yet there are some that make it merely in' ant ' such as
t7'I;r'f' ^--'-^-^ i-^'ticiple^ presen ;r ;L
ant, part-ant, mn-ant, and not dm'm-issant &c kl\
Such are : —
Pres infin.
Bouill-ir, to boil,
Cour-ir, to run,
Couvr-ir, to cover,
Cueill-ir, to gather,
Dorm-ir, to sleep, uuim-ant •
Enforc-ir,to strengthen ..enforp-ant
*Ji-ir,^ to flee, fuy-ant ;
^lent^ir, to lie, ment-ant
OfFr-ir, to oflFer, offr-ant :
Ouvr-ir, to open, ouvr-ant ;
Mour-ir, to die, mour-ant
Part. pres.
bouill-ant ;
cour-ant ;
couvr-ant ;
cueill-ant ;i
dorin-ant
Pres. iufin.
Part-ir, to
Reque-rir, to
Repent-irseto
Saill-ir, to
Sent-ir, to
Serv-ir, to
|Sort-ir, to
Souflfr-ir, to
Ten-ir, to
Ven-ir, to
Vet-ir, to
deimrt,
require,
repent,
project,
feel,
serve,
go out,
suffer,
hold,
come,
clothe,
Part, pres .
part-ant ;
reque-raut
repent-ant
saill-ant ;
sent-ant ;
serv-ant ;
sort-ant ;
souffr-ant;
ten-ant ;
ven-ant ;
vet-ant
rnmrX^. ''°'"^'"'"'''' "'' ''*'^'"'''"''-' ^'^tenir^oom.nir,
— 17 —
THIRD C()UJU(^ATION in OIR,
RECEV-OIR, fo receirc.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
SimpU Tenses.
PRESENT. -
(A Primitive Tense.)
' Compottnd Tenses,
j PRETKUIT. ■
I
\{Comi:o\uiii of the Pres. infinit.)
llcccv-oir, to receive. I ^v.voir rev-u, to have received.
PABTICIIT.K VRI.SENT. | 2(1. PAUTICIPLK PAST.
Recev-.ant, recoivirro;.
PARTKUPIiK PAST.
{A Primitive Tense.)
m. f.
Re^-u , re^-ue, Teceived. ' Dcvant reccv-oir , av]u) is to reyol ve
(Comj.O'rnd of the Purtic. pres.)
Ayant re(;-u, having veceivei.l.
: PARTlCrpLi; JUTUUF'..
PRESENT.
S. Je ro(;-ois,
Tu re^-ois,
II vc^-oifc,
P. Noxis rocev-ons,
Vous veccv-ez,
O V- V
o g o
lis vecoiv-ent,(ii'r. ithey g *h
IMPERFKCT.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Simple Tenses.
PRKTERIT DEFINITE.
S. .Je rec-us,
Tu rc'f'-n^i,
II rey-nt,
P. Nous re(^-ume?rj
Vous vey-iites,
lis rcv-urent,
rt^TURE
T 3 u
thou f X ?!
he " - '■•
we
vo
T
T "^
thuti
« >
he
i>
ve
i^ ""^
4( .—
th^'V
{For nied from the Part, present (Formedfrom i he Pres. infin.hij
by chanijinij unt into ai.s.) chamjinij oil' into rni.)
S Jo rf^n.ov-fi.is. \ w A S. .Tc recev-i'iii, \ n
S. Jo re">ev-ais,
Tu recov-ais,
11 rccev-ait,
P. Nou« I'cccv-ioiis,
Vous rccev-io?,,
lis recev-aient,
W' cj S. -Tc recev-vai,
Tu recev-rus, tliou
I! reeev-Vii, lie
P. Nous rcoev-rons, vm
Vous recev-rc'z, ye
lis rcoov-foiit, they
Compound Tenses.
PT.UrKRrKCT.
thou
he
"4> 8
VVf
1^ 'T3
vo
V: -S
tlioy
pi o
I'R KTERIT INi^r 11 NITE.
(Compound of the Pros, ind.) (Compound of the fmperf. I ml.)
S. .T'ai re9u, I ri S. J'avais ve(;u,
Tu as rc^.u. thou > \ Tu avals rcvu,
II a re(;'u, he '% \ H avait rc(;u,
P. Nous avons re^u, we t 1*. N. avions r9(;u,
Vo;i5 avez royu, ye
S , V. aviez re^u, yo had
I hail
thou hadat^
he had ^
we had "3
ILs ont recu,
they
«;
lis aYaientre<;u, they had
if
w
"A
J.I
— 18
S
PRETERIT ANTERIOR.
( Compound of the Pret. def.
J'eus re9u, j
Tu eu8 re?u, thou
II eut reyu, he
Nous eiirnes re?u, we
Vous entes re9u, ye
lis eurent rc§u, they
)
u
eS
s,
J' f TURK PAST.
(Compound of the Future.)
J 'aurai reyu, I shall ^
lu auras re9u, thoushaltS?
11 aura re5u, he-shall g
N. aurons re9u, we shall g
V. aurcz re(;u, ye shall ?
lIsaurontre<?u, they shall^
COxYDITIONAL MOOD.
PRESEXT.
Formed from the Future by
changing rai into rais.)^
S
Je recev-rais,
Tu recev-rais,
II recev-rait,
Nous recev-rions,
Voiis recev-riez,
lis r^cev-raient,
1 3
thou ^
he
we
ye p
they I
PRETERIT.
( Compound of the condit. pres. )
S. J'auraisorj'eusse i
Tuaurais,tueusso3 thou
n aurait, il eut .^ he '
^' ii' aurious, n. eussiong i' ve
V. duriez, V. eussiez *- we
lis auraieut, ils eussent they
should have recoiveiJ.
IMPERATIVE MOOJ).
S. JVo first person.
Re9-ois,
Qu'il re?-oive,
P. Ilecev-ons,
Recev-ez,
Qu'ils rej-oivent,
Receive thou.
Let him receive
I^et us receive.
Receive ye.
I^et tiioin receive.
HUBJUx\CTIVE MOOD.
ir
Simple Tenses.
PRESENT.
{Irregular.)
S. Que je receive, that I
Que tu regoive, thou.S
Qu'il reyoive, he "
P. Que nous recevions, we
Que To.iis rcGeviez, ye
Qu'ils reyoivent, they 9
Compound Tenses.
PRETERIT.
{Com>ound of the Pres. subf)
S. Quej'aiere^u, that I
I Quetuaiesre(?u, thon^^
I ^ Qu'il ait re^u, he 5 ^
P. Que nous avonsrenj ^e '^'S
Que vous ayez re9u,' ye fg
Qu'ils aient reyu, thev ^
S
— 19 —
PAST.
'he Future.)
I shall r^
thou Shalt >
he'shall g
we shall g
ye shall f.
they shallj
IMPKUFECT.
•?LU PERFECT.
(Formed from the Prei. def. by (^(jQ^j^^j-Q^^ni of the Imperfect sub.)
adding se.)
S. Que je re^us-se. that I
Que tu re(;us-ses,
Qu'il rev'-ut,
P. Que nous reyus-sions,
Que vous rcyus-siez,
Qu'ils re<,'us-sent,
thou's
«
a
u
we ^
ye M,
he
S. Quej'eussere<;u,thatl <u
Que t u eusses regu , thou % -g
: Qu'il eiitreyu, he '^>
V. Q. n. eussions re^u, we ^|
Q. vous eussiezre^u, ye •- >.
they a ! Qu'ils eussent re^u, they ^
T.
ondit. pros. )
e I
es thou
:^ he
sions <5j"ye
iez ^ we
ssent they
ive receivecl.
re.
mbj.)
ses.
•es.
;I
thou > ^•
he J 9e
ye |g
thev
FOUKTH CONJUaATION, in RE.
VEND-RE, to sell
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Simple Tenses. j Compoand Tenses.
! PRESKXT.
i^) ^Q\l\(Comirmnd of the Pres. Injin.)
' Atoiv vend-u, to have sold.
2n PARTICIPLE PAST.
°" ' ( Comvound of the pariici. pres.)
or
o
PARTICIPliK KUTI;RK..
BoldJDevant veud-re, who is to sell.
PHKSUNT.
Vend-re,
PARTICIPLE PRFSKNT.
Vend-ant. selling.
PARTioii'LV. PAST. 'Ayant vend-u, haviiis sold
ra. f.
Veud-u, veud-ue,
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Simple Tenaes.
O
n3
a>
PRES K NT.
S .Te vend-s, 1" sell, or S
T u vend-», thou sellest f
II vend, he sells,
P. Nous vend-on?, we soil,
Vous vend-cz, ye sell,
lis vend-ent, they sell,
IMPERFECT.
{Formed from the Parlicip. pres.
by chan<jin(j ant into ais.)
S. Je vend-ais, I o
Tu veud-ais, thou
U vend-ait, he
P. Nous vend-iuurt, we
Vous vend-iez, ye
lis v6ud-aient, tliey
PRKTKRIT DEFINITE.
"3
Vi
13 -rP
S. Je vend-is, I
Tu vend-is, thou
II vcnd-it, ^ he
Nous vend-iiue:s, Ave
Vous vend-ites, ye
j lis voud-irent, they
j FUTURE.
■ {Formed from the Pres.inf by
chanying ve into rai.)
iS. Je vend-rai, I ri
1 Tu vend-ras, thou
' II vend-ra, he
Nous vend-roiis, wc
Vous vend-rez. ye
Tls vend-rout, they
-a
i^.-
i/
W
/.It
— 20 —
Compound Tenses.
\
at
rRKTERIT TVDr.FIXrTE.
(C'ojn pound of the Pres. indicat.)
%, J'ai vend-u, j
I'll -vs vend-u, thou rr
n a von<l-u, }ij. "g
Xous avons vc/nl-u, we
V^ous fivez vcnd-u, yc
lis out VCIK.I-U, tJipy
PRi-T.-iUfT ^XriJlJOR.
(Compound of the. PretcrU def.)
S. J'CUS VOTul-U, I
Tueus voiid-u,. tliou ^•
I! cut VlTlil-U, ],o
Nou-s eumo3 voiid-u, we
V<-m.s elites vend-u, yo
lis eui-eut vcud-u, they
o
n
c
■J:
.s,
[^
PJ.UPKRFKCT.
(Compound of the Imperfect.)
>. J'avais vend-u, j '
Tu avals Tond-u, thou ^
il avait vend-u, he
'• J/'^s avions vend-u, wo
Vous aviez vond-u, ye
lis avaient vend-u, they
F! TIKE PAST.
(Compound of the Future.)
J'aurai vend-u, » [
Tu iiuras vcnd-u, thou ^
11 aura vend-u, j,e 5
A;o!isauron.s vend-u, we - -^
V Otis aui-oz vend-u v© 2 '^
Hssauront veiid-u,' they""
, M
COi\DmOi\AL MOOD.
PRBHRN'T.
rRf.TfiRlT.
'■ - - ^. ;;,;iui'aisorj'cu.sse j
H, Je vond-iiiis,
Tu vend-rain,
ri vend-rait,
P. Nous veud-rions,
. Vous vend-i'iez,
11? vcud-raieat,
r
tiiou f- ^
he ^^-
thev "^
'J'u iiurais, tu eusses thou
il aurait, il eut -he
,N. aurions,n. eussions ^ we
V. 'lunez, vous eussiez gye
l.sanraient.iLscussent ^they
wouJd hnvepold.
CMPEIUTLVJi MOOD.
H. .''y'o.///-s,-';)(.r.>,o/?.,
V'end-s,
■Q i"d vond-e,
'A ■. end-ons.
/end-
Qu'il
ez.
^ell tliou.
J^et hini sell.
XiCt us sell.
s veiid-ent.
kScII
ye,
Ut them sell.
01
SUBJUNCTiy>]' MOOD.
Compound Tcu8C$.
PBKTERTT.
Simple. Tenses.
rHESENT.
(Formed from the Purliciple , .^ ,r r. , .n \
pres. by changins aut into a.) (^Comvound of the Present sul>j.)
S. Que je vend-o, that T
S. Que j'aie veud-u, that I
thuu;= Que tu aies vendu, t'tiou *
lie * I Qu'il ait vendu, he J 3
we ^ p. Q. n. ayous vendu, we p-^g
,ve 5 Q. V, ayez vcudu, ye a
tliej ' Qu'ih aient vcndu, they
Que tu vend-e^,
Qu'il vend-e,
P. Que nous v end-ions,
Que vou<? VI M(i-iez,
Qu'ils A end-ent,
IMPERFKCT. j rLCPERTECT.
(Formed from the Prci. defmiic , ^^ _> m r *• r:\
iy adding so.) (Compound of the Impeyf. svh).)
S. Que je vendis-se, that r , Is. Q. j'eussevendu. that I -^
Que tu vendis-ses, tliou^ : Que tu eusses vendu, thou §
Qu'il vend it,
he
p. Que nous vendis-sions, wc ^ P. Q. n. cussions vciidu, we ^ •>
Que vous vendis-sicz. ye -g ' Q. v. eussiez vcudu, y^' 'I
Qu'ils vendis-sent, they ^ 1 Qu'ils eussont veudu, they «
Qu'il eut vendu.,
Q.
Q.
he
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.
I
Verbs are coujueated intcrroyat ively , by placing the
pronoum nominative after the verb in simple tenses ; as,
Biam^-^e ? Entends-^c ? and, in compound tenses', between
the auxiliary verb and the participle ; as, A\-je -bliim^ ?
AvaiB-;e vcndu ? They cannot, however, be conjugated in-
terrogatively farther than the indicative and the conditional
moods.
Verbs are conjugated negatively by means ot the double
negation ne pas, the former of which is placed between the
pronoum and the verb, and the latter after the verb ; as, Je
ne blame pas^ &,Q. ,
Lastly, to conjugate a verb nerjathehj and interrogatively.^
the pronoum is placed after the verb, as said aboye ; and ot*
the two uQgatives, 7ie precedes the verb, and pas follows the
pronoum. Ex. —
'Ne blamous-nous pas ? A^'avons-nous pas blame ?
— 22 —
m
, I
w
ir./
I ■
VERBS NEUTER.
' >^^^^^y'^ZT:^f::t^''L'''t. -"j»s''*«^ w^h the
tio™ ; but -somrZ'te, verb ZusfL "•'■'^^'f -"""J"?"-
in which case the nl^l T' i.Tf ''\''<'?J"g»tod with etre,
the verb ft., to theTor r^ondi;^", T'""*"'/ *^ '«"«^« °f
make the partieinle fn^n / . "'"' "^ '""^'■' »■"! *<>
T!ie fbllowin,. list contain, if * i,' ^^' '"'™ departed.
mo«t part of th°as terbf. "u't "ttt ' '' '"''' ''^ <^' ''"'
the auxiliary verb £<™. ' "'^ conjugated with
Aborder,
Accoucher,
Accourir,
Aller,
Arriver,
Deceder,
Bechoir,
to land ,
to bring forth
to run to ;
to go ;
to arrive ;
to die ;
to decay ;
Descendre, to go down ;
Eclore,
-Entrer,
Mourir,
Naitre,
Parti r.
to hatch, to come
forth ;
to enter ,•
to die ;
to be born ;
to depart ;
Passer, to pass ;
Kester, to stay ;
Monter, to ascend ;
joi-tjr, to go out ;
lomber, to fall ;
Venir, to come ;
l)evenir ; to become •
Survenir, to befall ; '
Kevenir, to return ,
I arvenir, to arrive at ;
Intervenir, to intervene ;
Unvenir, to agree ;
Iro venir, to proceed.
KEFLKCTED VERBS.
—♦■>^H5 -•—.*-
^ Of "Sr v^^^^"^i ^'^' ^^?"^«^ '^^^^ conjugated by
tenses, be made co agree in r/eud
pronoum nominative of the verb
means
ten.-;: he. .nadrS 'L^rS/ri •'^'"' 'i' ^"'""""^
^W^^i^in ffuiaet ami ui ?i2cm6er with the
(.TU,, Vcri Monus to the Ut Cou/,,^„lw„.) ''
— 23 —
ted with the
lar conjuga-
3d with Ure,
le tenses of
^•ozV, and to
' in gender
)f the verb.
^e departed.
r^e departed.
' by far the
igated with
tld ;
it ;
5
ue ;
I .
■ )
3 at;
BCI.
by means
onipound
with the
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Compound' Tenses.
PEKTERIT.
(Compound of the pres. infin.)
Se flatter, to flatter oug's self.jS'etre flatty, ' to havo flatte^'ed
j one s sp**^»
PARTIOIPLt; PRESKNT. 2d. PARTICIPLE PAST.
, , ,, . , ....(Compound of the partic. pres.)
8e flatt-ant, flattenng oues self. )^,,^^^. ^^^^^,^ having flattered
I'ARTICIPLK PAST. OHC'S Self.
PARTICIPLE FUTURE.
^- ^' jDevant se flatter, who is to flat-
FlAtt-e, Flfttt^ec, flattered. \ ter himself.
Simple Tenses.
PB.E9ENT,
S, Je me flatt-e,
Tu te flatt-es,
11 se flatt-e,
P. Nous nous flatt-ons,
Vous vous ttatt-ez,
lis se flatt-ent,
S. Je me flatt-ais,
Tu te flatt-ais,
II se flatt-aits
I*. Nous nous flatt-ions,
Vous vous flatt-joz,
lis se flntt-aient,
fcs. ,lo me flatt-ai,
Tu t« iiatt-as,
11 se flatt-a,
P. Nous nous flatfc-;\m<iS,
Vous vous flatt-ates,
lis se flatt-ercnt.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Sim'ple Tenses.
PRESENT.
I flatter mysell\
S. Jo mo flatver-ai,
Tu te flutter-as,
11 se flatter-a,
P. Nous nous rtatter-ons,
Vous vous flattcr-ez,
lis se flattei'-ont,
thou flatterest thyself,
he flatters himself.
yfQ flatter ourselves,
ye flatter yourselves,
they flatter themselves.
IMPERFECT.
I did flatter, or was flattering myself.
thou didst flatter thyself, &c.
he did flatter himself, &c.
we did flatter ourselves, «Sic.
ye did flatter yourselves.
they did flatter themselves.
PRETERIT DEFINITE.
I flattered myself,
thou flattercdst thyself,
he flattered himself,
we flattered ourselves,
ye flattered yourselves,
they flattered themselves.
FUTURE.
T shall flatter mystilf.
thou wilt flatter thyself,
he will flatter himself,
we shall flatter ourselves,
ye will flatter yourselves,
they will flatter themselves.
J' ■
V^
%
M
. — 24 —
Comjjoimd^ Tc/ises. .
!■ K F. T E II I T I .M> b: P r X r T K.
i> V htTSPlf
SttSC '"'"''' ^'""' ''■ ''"' '^^'^^^^'^^-^ o.n.eIve..
IN^'soff fl'^'^^r" -If'^^^^^ ^^'^^'<^ fl^^""-«'l vourselvc.
PUKTF-RIT AN'TKKIOR.
•'^. Je me ins flatte or flattees,
'I'll tQ fus flatte or Hattoe, '
II o» elle se tut flatte or flattde,
1 . ^ous nous fumes flattes or flattoes
VOU.S vou.s fiUcs liattoy or flattuea,'
feo. .u. ,,. .■.ux.t£t«;;7'S.c/rcra"SS^^^^^^
I liad flattered myself,
thou ha-ist flatter 'dthyself
he or she had flatter'd&c.
we have flatter'd ourselves
ye had flatter'd yourselves
rLUpy.RFKCT.
S. -lo lu'etais flatte or flattec,
lu t'etais flatte or flattee, '
llou olio y'utait flattd or flattde,
t. ^ous nous dtionsflattes or flattdes
Vous vous dtiezflattds or flattdes. '
n. »„ one, .,.«,™„t t,au;%;75,ateo./ :h7i:«rs?«,"S
I, had flattered myself.
thou hadst flattered thyself,
he or she had flattered ic.
we had flattere.'l ourselves.
.yeJiad flattered yourselves.
ri'lTRf; I>AS3'.
S. Jo me serai flattd or flattde,
1 11 to seras flattd or flattde,
lis ,/ . fl'^ttos or flattoes, yo will have flattered &c
Us ou tllo. .se Horont flattds or flattdes. they will have flattered &c,
I shall have flattered myself,
thou wilt have flattered &c;
heorshe wdll have fla tter'&c.
OONDITIONAL MOOD.
I'RESKN'T.
S. Je me flatt«r.ui,s,
'i'u te flaiCer-ais,
Tl se flatter-alt,
1*. Nous nous flatter-ious,
Vous vous ttattor-iez,
Us ,?e rttitter-aieut,
T should, flatter niv,«s«>|f.
thou shouldst flatter thyself,
lie or she would flatter &c.
wo would flatter ourselves.
ye would flatter yourselves,
they would flatter themselves.
PRETETllT,
S Je me serais or fasse flatte or flattee, I should have flattered &c.
Tu tG serais or fusses flatte or Uattee, thou shst. have fliitt^ered iec.
n ou elle se serait or fut flatte orflattee he or siie sh have flattered.
P. Nousnouseerionsorfussionsflattes, we should have flattered
Vous V0U8 series or fussiez or ourselveri.
lis OH elled so seraieut or fussont flattees, &c.
IMPIiiRATIVE MOOD.
s,
J\o first person.
Flatto-toi,
Qu'il OU, qu'oUc sc flatte,
, Flatt-ons-nous,
Flatt-ez-vous,
Qu'ils OH ([u'elles so flattcut,
Flatter th^'self.
Let him or her flatter &c.
Let us flatter ourselves.
Flatter yourselves.
Let them flatter themselvca.
SIIBJUNCTIYE MOOD.
S. Que je nio flatt-e,
Que tu te flatt-es,
Qu'il so flatte,
Quo nous nous flatt-ionrf,
Que vous vous flatt-iez,
Qu'ila se flattent,
1'
vS. Que jc mc flatt-asse,
Quo'tu te flatt-assep,
Qu'il se flatt-at.
PRKSENT.
that I may flatter myself.
thou mayst flatter thyself,
he or she may flatter hlraorlicrself
we may flatter oursclvea.
ye may flatter yourselves.
they may flatter themselves.
IMPERFKCT. /
that r might flatter myself.
thou mightet flatter thyself,
he or she might flatter &c.
P. Quo mnid nous tiatt-asslona, wo might flatter ourselves.
Que vous vous flatt-assiez, ye might flatter yourselves.
Qu'ils ?e flatt-assent, they might flatter thcmijelves.
I'jir.TriUT.
S. Queic mosois flatte or &c. that I may have flattered myself.
Que tu sois flatte or flattee. thou mayst have flattered ice.
Qa'il ou elle se soit flatte or &c. he or she may have flattered &c.
P Q n n.soyonsflattes or flattees we may have flattered ourselves,
"oue Vous vous soyozflattes &c. ye may have flattered yourselves.
Qu'ils ou dies so soient flatt«5s &c they may have flattcre<l &c.
I'luvkhfect.
S. Que ie me fttsso flatte &c, that T might have flattered myself.
Quo tu te fusses flatte &o, thou mightest have flatterci &o.
Qu'il oa elle so fut flattd cSic, ho &c. might iiave iiatlerea &o.
P. Q. nous nous fiissionaflattes .^c we might Ivavo flattered s.c.
Q. vouH vous fussiez flattos &c, ye might have flattered &o.
Qu'UROuclU'asefussentflattes&<;, they might have flattered &c.
wvt i
— 26 —
wilt: ^2z:::\Cirit'' '"^^ ''" "^ar ve,.bs,
the M.V^ person rf'thelirgir'' ''"^'^'^ *''^>- ''*^^ <""
^.i'
her verbs,
have but
I ^^-v
I
mem -^
5»
A Table of the Regular and Defective Verbs in. the Four Conjugations, with the Primitive Tenses.
Present Infinitive. \Parlic. Pre»ent.\ Participle Past
Present Indicative.
Pret. Definite. J^regularUm in other ,
Firsl Coxjuqation.
Allcr, To go.
Euvoyer, To send.
j All-ant,
lEuvoy-iiiit,
All-o.
JEavoy-i'.
Je vais, tu vas, il va,&c. , J'all-ai.
ils vont. j
J'envoie. !j'cnvoy-ai.
Put. 3'irai ; pros. sub.
que j'ailk'.
Fut. J'en verrut.
Skcoxd Conjugation-.
Acquiir-ir,
To (ic<}uirc.
Ai'qui'r-iint.
Wcquis.
Bouill-ir,
To boil.
Bouill-nnt.
Oouill-i
Conquur-ir,
(See acquurir.)
Cour-ir,
To run.
Cour-ant.
Cour-u.
i and its
compoumls.
Cueill-ir,
To gather.
Cueill-ant.
Cueill-i
! and its
compounds.
Dorm-ir,
To sleep.
Dorm-ant.
Dorm-i.
Faill-ir,
To/ail.
none.
Faill-i.
Fu-ir,
Tojlee,
Fu-yant.
Fu-i.
Ha-ir,
To liate.
Ha-i'ssant.
Ha-i.
Mour-ir,
To die.
Mour-ant.
M'jrt.
.T'!iqmer.«, tu acquicr»,'j'acqwjs.
il acquic)7.
Je bous, tu bou.s, il bout. .To bouill-is.
. Jecours.tu cuurs.ilcourt .Je cour-us.
i Je cueill-e. |je cueill-is.
Je dors, tu dors, ildort.'.Je dorm-is.
I Out of use. jJefaill-is.
Je fuis. ;Jo fuia.
{ I
!Je hais, tu hais, il hait.jJe hais.
I Jo meurs, tu meurs, il .Te mour-us.
meuri, noua mouroii.'^,!
V0U8 inourez, ils meu-i
rent. j
Off-rir, 1 .^ .i (To offer. O^.r-xnt. OS-crl.
Ouv-ir, I :S S s J '""Z"^'"- Ouv-rant. Ous-erl.
Couv-vir, I -y g s I to cover. Couv-raiit. Co\i\-cit.
SoutF-rir, J § ^ [tosi//A'>-. Souff-rant. Souff-er/.
Part-ir, To depart.
QuL'-vir, Tofclch.
S,iill-ir, Ti) project.
As.saill-ir. To'att
Ti'essaill-ir, Tj shndler,
Sorv-ir, To serve, __
De.ssorv-ir, To clear awnj. Dosser-vant
Sort-ir, To ijn o:il. Sort ant.
Tcu-ir, 'To hold. 'rcn-ant.
, Part-ant. iPart-i
5 [Only }iscl. in the
\ Prrs. Iiifin
Saiil--iiir.
Ass;i;il-;uit.
Tressaill-ant.
Ser-vant
.Saill-i.
A«saill-i.
Tressaill-i
Sor-vi.
De.ssor-vi.
Sor fi.
TL'-nii. .
J'off-re.
J 'ou v-rc.
Je couv-re.
Je souff-JT.
[J'off-rls.
J'ouv-ris.
'Jo couv-ris.
Je soulF-ris.
|Fut. J'acquerrdi, pros,
j subj. (jue j'acqHt'erc.
So conjup;ate all the
i compounds of jUfYir,
! sucli as conquerir,
\ requCrir, 6(C.
jFut. Je courrai.
j Fut. .Je cueill-rai.
•Pres. subj. Quejefu-ie,
I pi. que n. fuyions, &o.
I
Fut. Jo mourrai ; pres.
subj. que je meure, pi.
quo nous mourions,
que vous mouricz .
qu'ils meurent.
I
V-onir. To come, aula'! its comjioitads are r o<>j.e.iac.lil,i'T-vn[r
Vut-ir. To clothe. Vc-t-arit. Vet-u.
Jepar-s,tupar-s,ilpar-t .To part-is.
Ilsaillc,(3//)C)-.s. oiilij.)
J'assaill-e. J'a»saill-is.
I Je tressaill-c. .)o tre.ssaill-is
j Je ser-s, tu scr-s, il sert. Je .•*erv-is.
: Je dessoi--s. Je desser-vis
Jo sorSjtu sor-,s,il sor-t. Je .'■ov-tis.
Jct-/e?)s, tu t-!cns, il t- .K- tin->s
j ic/ii, pi. noust-enons, tin-mes
j V. t-oncz,ils t-icnnent
iJe vuts, tu vdts, il vet. Jo vut^is.
.Vsservir, to eiisla
I a regular verb.
!■(•, IS
nous Fut. Jo Uendriu ;
I subj. que je lien
Thus rcvid-ir.
pt'-_'S
ne.
Third CoN,JuaATiON.
Avoir, To have.
S'ass-coir, To sit
Ayant.
S'assoyant.
jEu.
I Ass-is.
t
[^lioir,
Duc'ii-oir,
.Devoir,
Ei;h-oir,
b'alUpir,
Moiav-rur.
To fall.
TQ 'iecai/.
To oive.
the.
i Onlji used in t
( Prei. Injin.
not i/.ic'. Vech-ii.
D-evant.
J'ai, tu a?, il a.
.Je m'ass-icJs.
iJ'eus.
•le nrasals.
To/all due. 'Dch-eant.
To Ite mccsscrrij none.
To move. 'Mouv-ant.
Pcrc-evoir, To rolled. tPero-evant.
So also are conjugated : |
Jllierc-cvoir,\oace; rcc-evoir,]
to receive ; conc-evoir, to
conceivo ; and dec-evoir,
to deceive. |
[Plcuv-oir, To rain. iPIuuv-ant.
:Pnuv-oir, To be able. iPouv-ant,
Pour-voir, To provide. Pourvoy-ant.
iPrdval-oir, To preViiil. iPreval-aat.
Sav-oir,
S-coir,
S-eiiir,
To know.
To sit.
To become.
So.-chant.
S-dant.
;S-cyaut.
D-.i.
Ech-u.
Fall-u.
Mu.
Porv-u.
Plu.
Pu.
Pour-vu.
Prdval-u,
Je dueli-ois. ) t t - i
;NousdecI.o-yons. J ,'^e dec!i-us.
; Je dois, n'jus dovons, il.- Je dus.
i doivcnt.
jUech-oit. II ech-ut.
third person onhj. I
11 faut. II fall-ut.
Jenicus.tu mc<is,\\meHt;'J<i mui
plu. nous mouv-onSjj
vous niouv-ez , ilS'
meuv-cut. |
Je pen;-oi3,tu perv-ois,il Je peryus.
per<,"-oit ; nous perc-
evons, vous pcrc-evcz,
ils pci,'-oivent. \
Ilpleut. !ll plut.
,Tc p>iis, nr jo pfuir , tu Jepws.
pni.r, il peat, nous
pouv-on,s, vous pouv-,
oz, ils pi'uv-ent. i
Fut. J'aurai.
Fut. Jo Ill'ass-^■|Tai, pr.
I subj. que je m'ass-ci/e.
( Fut. JcKich-crrai, prs.
Subj. qncjc di'ch-oie.
i
\ Fut. So d-evrai.
jFut. II cch-orra, pros.
' subj. qu'il eoh-iie.
Impf. li tallait ; tut. il
' faudra ; pros. subj.
i qu'il/ui//-e.
JFuf. .KMnouv-)'(n'; pros.
I subj.quojowieHi'c.quo
tu ine:ives, qu'il meu-
I uf; pl.(iuenousniouv-
( ions, f|Uo vous niouv-
j icz, qu'ils uiCKvent. i
Fut. Jtipercevrai; pros.'
I s\ihj. que je pereoive,'
Si.0., pi. ([ue nous per-
cevions, &c. (
Fut. II plcuv-ra.
Fut. .h: pourrai; pros,
suj. unc }o puisse.
Su.
Si).
none.
|.Je pour-vois,
Jo prdv-nwa:.
Jc sais, tu snis, il sait ;
nou.i sa COILS, vous sa-
I'ez, ils sarent.
\JVo otiier lenses.
II sled.
Jo pour vi/,1.
Je prdval-us.
Jc sus,
I Fut. Jc pouvv-oi'rai.
jFut. Jc;irc'i'(i«r/rni;pr i
I subj. que je \-\r6vule. \
iFut. .fesaurai ; iniperf.
jcaa-THi's ,• pros. aubj.
quo jo sache. \
|Fut.llsii,1ra;cui)d.il sii'-
' rait ; no other t:-nx,-^.
nui ; no uiner ir.nxm.
iPour-voir, To provide.
iPreval-oir, To prevail.
Sav-oir,
I
S-eoir,
L
Surs-eoir,
Val-oir,
yoir,
Voul-oir.
To know.
To sit.
To become.
To suspend.
To be worth.
To see.
To wish.
Pourvoy-ant.
iPreval-ant.
L
o&-chant.
|S-eant.
jS-eyant.
I
Surs-oyant.
iValant.
Voy-ant.
Voul-ant.
Pour-vu.
Preval-u,
Su.
Sis.
none.
pouv-ons, vous pouv-
ez, ils pcMv-ent.
Je pour-vois.
Je prev-aux.
Je sais, tu sais, il salt ;
nous sauons, vous sa-
vez, ils savent.
JVb other tenses.
II sied.
Surs-is.
Val-u.
Vu.
Vou!-u.
Je pour v)/».
Je preval-U8.
Je sus.
none.
Je sura oia. Je sura-is.
Je va.ux,t\ivaux,'\\vaut; Jq val-U3.
nous val-ons , vousj
val-ez, ila vol-eut,
Je vois. I Je t)/«.
Jo veuxM veiix, il veut; : Je voul-us.
nous voul-ons, vous
voul-ez, ils veulent.
Fourth Conjugation.
Absou-dre, To acquit.
Batt-re,
Boi-re,
Brai-re,
Circonoi-re,
Clo-re,
Conolu-re,
Confi-rc,
Conn-aitrc,
Cou-dre,
Ci'oi-rc,
Dire,
and
Re-dire,
To beat.
To drink.
To bray.
To circumcise.
To close.
To conclude.
To pickle.
To know.
To sew.
To believe.
To saij.
To say again.
Abs-olvant.
Batt-aut.
Bwu-ant.
none.
Circonci-sant.
I none.
Conclu-ant.
Conii-sant.
Conu-aissant
Cou-sant.
Cro-y ant.
Di-sant.
Mau-dirc, To curse.
Eori-re, To write.
and its compounds.
Eire, To be.
Faire, To do.
and its compounds.
Fri-re,
!
Li-re,
Lui-rc,
Mctt-re,
Moudre,
Nai-tro,
Nui-re,
Pai-trc,
Repai-tro,
Tofry.
To read.
To shine.
To put.
To ijrind.
To be born.
To injvre.
To feed.
Ditto.
Pein-dre, To paint.
Pl-iire,
Pren dre,
I and its
Rusou-dre, •
i <
lli-re,
i
Suffi-ro,
Sui-vro,
I and its
Taire,
TiMi-rc,
Vainorc,
j and its
Vivre,
To please.
To take,
compounds.
■ To solve. ^
_ To decide. )
To laugh.
To suffice.
Tofollow.
compounds.
To hold secret.
To milk.
To conquer,
compounds.
To live.
Mau-dissan^
Ecri-vant.
Etaut.
Fai-sant.
none.
Li-sant.
Lui-sant.
Mett-ant.
Mou-laul.
Nai-ssaut.
i Nui-sant.
Pai-ssaiit.
Repai-ssant.
Pei-Knaut.
Pl-aisixnt.
Pren-aut.
Resol-vant.
Ri-ant.
Suffi-sant.
Suiv-aut.
Tai-s;nit,
Tra yant.
Vaiu-quaut.
Vi-vant.
m. Aba ous,
f. Abs-oute,
Batt-u.
Bu.
none.
Circonci-s.
Clos.
jConclu.
:Confl t.
!Conn-u.
i Cou-su.
ICru.
iDit.
Maudit.
Ecri-t.
Ete.
Fai-t.
Flit, frito.
Lu.
Lui.
Mis.
Mou-Iu.
.X,-.
Nui.
none.
Repu.
Pcint.
,rui.
1 Pria.
i
jRjsous. (no fern.)
I 7/1. /'.
Resolu, lie.
Hi.
Suffi.
Sui-vi.
Ta.
Twai-t.
Vain-cu.
J'abs-ous.
none.
Je bats, tu bats, il bat. Je battia.
Je bois, tu bois, il boit ; Je bus.
nous biivons, vous bu- 1
vcz, ils botvent.
none.
oirgonci-!
none.
.le conclu-s.
Je coafi-3
Je coiin-us.
Je cou-sjs.
II brait.
Je eirconci-s.
Je clos, tu clos, il clut.
Je couclu-s.
Je confi-3.
Je coiiu-:ii3.
.Te cou-ds.
Jeerois,tucrois, iloroit 'je cms.
Je(lis,fudis.ildit;nous|je dis
disoiis, vous dites, ils
disent.
Jemaudis,&c.nousmau-i.Jo niaudis.
dissons.v. inaudissci.l
J'(5cr-is. IJ'ecri-ris.
Je suis, tu cs, &c.
Je fa-is, tu fa-is, il fait :
nous fai-sons, vous
tui-tcs, i\a font.
Je fris, tu fris, il frit.
(no plural.)
Je li-s.
Jo lui-is.
Je mets.
Je mou-ds, n. mondons,
iJc nais.
Je nui-g.
Je pa-is.
Jo repais.
Je pein s.
.Je fus.
Jefis.
none.
.Je lus.
none.
I Je mis.
! Je mou-lus.
.la nacquis.
I Je nui sis.
I none.
Ije ropus.
i
.Ic pi'i-jj'ais.
Vicu.
■Jo pl-ais. |Jo plus.
Jepreii-ds,iiouspi'i'iioiis .To y);-ij.
Je I'esiihis.
Je ris.
Je suflis.
I Je sui-vis.
!
Jo tus.
none.
[Jo vain-riuia.
Jo vi'cus.
Je suftis.
Je sui-s.
Je tai-s.
Je trai-s.
Je vain-cs'
Je vi-s.
suj. qucjepu/sse.
Put. Je pourv-oirai. !
Fut. Joprevatidrai;i>r i
aubj.quejepruva/e. |
Fut. Jesaurai ; imperf.^
jesa-rais ,• prea. subj.
quejosacAf. !
Fut. II siera ; cond.il sie-
rait ; no other tenses.
Fut. Je surs-soirai, &c.
Fut. Je vaudrai ; pros,
subj.que.ie vaille, que
nousval-ions,quoyf)H3
va!-iez,qu'ilsi)oi7/e/i/
Put. Je verrai. ]
[Fut. Je voudrai : pros,
subj. que je reuille,
[ que tu veuilles, qu'il
veuille, pi. que nous
voulioiis, que vous
voul-iez qu'ils veuillent.
Pros subj. Quejeio;iie,'
quo tuio(fes,qu'il6oi-
ve ; que nous buv-ions,
q.v.buv-iez,q'.boi'vent.
No imp. no pres- subj.
!
Pres. subj. Q.jeconolue.
Pres. subj. Q.jcconfi-se.
All other compounds of
dire form the 2d jjerson
pi. of the pres. iiid. re-
gularly iu dis-ez ; as,
vous medi.sez, \oaa pre-
disez,\o\is contvedisez
Fut. Jo serai, imp. sois.
Fnt, Je fcrai; pres. subj.
que jc/iissc.
The preterit is used only
iu the compound verb
reuuitrc, jo rcpus.
Thus all verbs iuaindre,
eindre and oindre such
as craindre, enfrein-
drc.jsindre, ^-c. ,
Pres sub. que je prenjie,
pi. quo nous preoious.
Prc's.subi.quejecjc;pl.
que nous ri-ions.
N. B.— Verbs ia andre'xin^ cndre, such as rvpandre, and prendre, preserve the d m the three persons singular ot
the Present Indicative. Ex : ./e rcpands, tii comprcnds, il cntend. But verbs in aindre, eindre, and oindix, reject
|the d, and the third person singular ond.s with at. Ex : Je crain-s, tu crain-s, il crain-t.
FUENCII EXERCISES.
PART FIRST.
A SERIES OF EXERCISES UPON ALL THE
FOREGOING VERBS AND THEIR LIKE.
Upon the Verb AVOIR.
PRESENT.
I have a garden full of fine trees ancl. fruit.
jardin,m. de arbre, m. fruit, m. p.
Hast thou good books in thy library ?
bibliothiqrie, f.
He has an excellent father and a virtuous mother,
vertueux.
Has she not all the gifts of fortune and of rank ?
don, m. rangy m.
The father of a family has a great responsibility.
, grand.
Have we a good and pure conscience ?
conscience,/.
Ye have not understanding enough to decide.
2. 1
assez de, pour,
They have a great advantage over us.
sur.
Our soldiers have both courage and moderation.
a lafois. •
IMPERFECT.
I had formerly several friends, but now I have none.
autrefois. mais je n'en 2'^'^-
I S\
— 30 —
Thou hadst plenty of bread, and I had nothing.
en abo>idance, ne ricn.
Had he not all the comforts of life ?
coiamodiie , f.
She had manj admirer,«, and lew true friends.
leauconp dc j.eu de.
We had but little money, and still less eredit.
ne que encore.
You had a great authority over the people.
sur.
Had they not justice and the law on their sile ?
de.
PRETEUIT DEFINITE. ^
I had much trouble at first.
d'abord.
Thou hadst great riches ; but hadst thou peace of heart ?
richesses,f.
He bad no pity for the uufortunato,
pas de malheureux, m. pi.
She had a great respect for the memory of her mother.
lour.
We had charity for our neighbour — you had none.
voisin, m.
Had you not the fever after your return ?
fuvre,f. apres
They had recourse to the King's kindness and pity.
recours, m. bonte,/.
P U T U R li.
I shall have much pleasure during the vacation.
beauc'ottp de vacance, pL
Wilt thou have good luck in thy enterprise ?
bonheur, m.
He shall not have any' reward from his parent«i.
de de.
We shall have eternal life after our death.
yie,f.
Wifl you always have so little regard for your masters?
si pen de.
They shall have neither peace nor rest from their laboi^s.
n' ni ni de
• — 31 —
Voynpound Tenses.
P R E T E R T T INDEFINITE.
.1 have had this office for manj years.
IWSJt^l^'.!' charge^ f. pendant.
Ilast thou had an answer from thy attorney ?
dc.
This bird lias had several youngs ones this year.
petit, m.
We have not had any winter for some years.
de dcpuiF.
Yoirhavc had twelve dolkirs, and I had only five.
'^\-0'^:&>f^} v.v.,.:> moi,J'e.n.
lave these men not had inonev enouirh ?
2. I.
". ' iissez de.
PRiETF.RIT ANTERIOR.
•k f
{This Tense of the Terh AVOIR is hardly ever used..)
PLUPERFECT. ^
1 iuid liad a serious ((uarrel with your brother.
qverelle,/
Thou hadst had many good opportunities.
occasion,/.
He had taken care of his brother and siaterH.
avoir. '
If we had had the same reysources which you had.
fit me/ine que.
If you had not had my a^siistancc in tliiti affair.
ftecours, m.
H{m1 they not had so many good friends.
.Sf'<7,s " Uwi dc. '
FUTUKE I' AST.
When I tjhall have that pleasure.
Ouand.
When thou shalt have had all the profits.
profit, m.
She will have had all the nece^^sary time.
temps y m.
— 32 -.
T'.ey .ill l,Hve had pe.n.feion fr J.^e ri;-^- ,
COxVWwWl MOOJX
I should havo mnnr. f • ,
"1VC many fnond.s if'T h-iri r»^
n .,. . ^ "'^a money.
^l« garden woM have a better ,
"^o -ouid have u„ . -""- "''"■•''"'^^-
"ouKijou have the good.o^„,L_
Had they no otlm,. j*""'''-/-
y no othe. advantage over you?
I'RETJiUiT
«"-M I not have been right in th..a.e.
5^ho« wouId.t noTtve 1^^°%
«-ou>dhave,.adr^>--"^'"™'''^
"^0 had Mows instead of a reward
>Vould she have had ., . "«"'"*■ '
^'-^ouldhav:,/^--'*"''^^-^^-^^'^
" have had to deal with u strn'f,'"-"'''- <""'■ */■)
H="l you had ten ti.;"""'" ^ ^ ''"""^•
ten tunes more soldiers-
Would vour -ir,,,. '^°"P''">de.
' s::;^^'''^- >>''•' "-^oiiditr? '
def.)
— 35 —
IMPERATIVE MOOl).
My friend, have a little charity for thy neighbour.
un pen de pour.
Let him be right or wrong in this affair.
avoir tort.
Let US have pity on the poor and the mifortunate.
pour.
Citizens, do ye but have confidence in nie.
seulement.
Let tlie prisoners have food and drink.
d manr/er a boire.
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PUESENT.
I must have twenty pounds before to-morrow.
Ilfaiit que livte,f.
Suppose thou hast all the power of a King.
Suppose que. ,■
Before she has the means and the strength of—
Avant que moye?i, m. force, f.
Although we have the best possible right —
2. 1.
Q'ioique droit, m.
Whether you have good ad ciualities —
Que {fie) (de.)
Unless the magistrates iiave sufficient authority.
.2 moins que (ne )
IMPERFECT.
Before I had the power which I now have.
Avant que que.
That thou mightst have the estate of thy fathers.
Afin que bien, rn.
Although he had all 'the necessary tools —
2. 1.
Q"oique o'tiil, m.
He ought to have both prudence and valor.
// faudrait que et et.
I wish we had more time and more books.
Long before you had any intelligence; of it.
Longtemps des nouvelle,/. pi. en.
— 34 —
ol'i"^''' '""^ """^ "'""y '^'*"«^««« ■■" their favour.
en leur.
Quoique
PRETERIT. .
I must have had a fit of madness.
^f^ut que acces, m.
itr,^" '""' '■^'' •'"' f - of chief magL«U-ate.
ir* ^^r''-"''^' '''■'™ ''^''' ';«0'l '••'"Sons.
^' cs^ possible que ^^") '
pl^'irS'^ '"™ '""' ^^'ti*""'"" for the ofte„ce-
'vu que
de
PLUPERFECT.
^ {This Tense is very seldom used.)
Upon the Verb ETRE.
INDICATIYE M00r>.
PRESENT.
I «m the LorJ thy (Jod, the Creator of all thin,.«.
Seigneur, m. »"
Art thou the fiAhful servant of a good master ?
She is an exeollent wife amLgooJ mother.
.Are we not the descSa'„(; of the Komans 7
V^„ , -, J^'Csccndani, m.
ZZ ''"™'''" """^ '"«'''«*' » ''« i» Prou.1.
Axo they ^rthy of the pro.nised mvariT'
These tree,;'^?: old and uflfmittul.
, vjewx stprih..
favour.
strate.
osal —
niC'Q-
•)
lg.S.
— 35
IMPERrECT.
Wa8 I not tlic happy messenger of tluit lady ?
messuffcr dame.
8he was not happy v/ith her cruel husband.
heureux mari.
We were twenty-tlve perBons at the a.ssembly.
h.
Y(.)U were all happy and s^atislicd with }our lot.
content de sort, tn.
Were they guilty or were they not ?
coitpaOJe on ne V .
TRETERIT DEFINITE.
I wa.>^ <|uite .surprised at such a strange sight.
tout surpris a si . me, f.
Thou wast almost always the last, never the first.
I'rcs'/iie jamais.
WiXB he not a witness in the last criminal afi'air?
temoin proces.
VVe were not the only victims of his cupidity.
. sp"/ cvjdditf, r.
lou were the instruments oi'God's wrath.
nil c.oliie, /',
I hoy were not the dupes of your protended friendship.
pvitendn.
FUTURE.
I will be your friend until death.
jusqu'a.
Thou shalt be the support of thy father's old ago.
^-, .,, , , sovticn,m. * viciUesse,/'.
hhe will be a dutiful daugluor and a good mother.
ohi-issanf.
Shall we be the sport of all other nations?
jouct.
Will you bo faithful to your vows and oaths?
,., ''<T^w, m. sermeni, m.
ihcse measures will be highly injurious to our interest.
/r<s nuisihle.
a
— 36 —
<-ONDmONAL 3I00D.
^0. wo„Id.t be unhapp, i„ ,J!':tZ..y
^-" it be prudent i„.„ebS-„;,^^;_
^^-ouM „o. be „,.. £ „„.. fo.fa.,e.
Would you be kind euon,rI, t„ u '"««''•«•
T-iiey would not bo the "teitor, of •^''""•»"■■'■•
tMPEEAXm MOOD
!'7T^~!f-^^>'^--tand,ibe™,.
tet us be grateful for every aet of !-• ,
„ '■«o««(/issa«< -^ "' kindness.
Be .0 united and tbe^r^„,,,„^^
-your hands uevertenedv,.itU blood " '
«ubjun5J7^ hood.
Mn«f T 1 PRESENT.
>"t,/,:f :» ""^-'«-te, and yet i„no=e„t .
rhat^|*ou»aye,tbetheproteo,onf;'he'finearl=
Jpi^te"^ '"^y"" ^""'Panion througlfl?^' "'•"' -
t'r,jr"^™-'-.we™u.,tbr;;;iy,
1-t.rght that you. ho„lZ£'r;.-o^'r
Al-hough these worts bo inoon,p,et1,^^and rough -
■'m
- 37 —
IMPEllFECT.
Although I was his best friend and his relation —
Quoique pa-rent, tn.
Before thou wert in such favorable circumstances.
Jvantque si position,/.
Was it necessary that he should be (a) good Latinist ?
LalinUUt ^•
Before we were rich and independent —
Avant que
Although you were ray bitterest enemies —
Quoique cruel
I wish your brothers were as attentive as you are,
Je voudiais que aussi que V
Compound Tenses i?i all Moods.
PRETERIT DEFINITK.
Thou hr .; jcen the first in thy class this week.
semni}!'', f
PLUPERFECT.
8he had been (a) pupil of the best masters.
eleve meilleur.
FUTURE PAST.
We shall have been the inventors of this machina
inventeur.
CONDITIONAL.
He would have been the commander of a ship.
commandant, m.
SUBJUNCTIVE PRESENT.
Although you have been unfaithful servants —
Quoique tVinfulHes.
SUn.JUNCTlVK IMPERFECT.
Before tliey luid been aware of my inteQtioQ>!.
■r^
- 38 _
BEGULAR VERBS.
J^^RST CONJUGATIO.V ,. UR.
^impU Tenses.
^ give good counsel*? m .
r../on.er c«S//' ^^^^^^ People.
^ f^ou proposes^ a giod ,r.«o ^'?-'' i^^-
^ O"^- sister sings well hnf "'«^'^- ^''''*^"^^^^-
o ''"'* '"^ ^o»«in plays better
'^---ma„«evo.speabwiti::r;i;fJ^^
,. ';/'^rc/,,;- happiness wiien we doubt ^^
^ ou ao not limit the power of .. '^^"'^-•'
A m. f. . '^''^'''^'•- ^"""^ "magistrates.
^ ^m^^ter IS satisfied when his Du.il •
rp vn ^ ^''^'/^''^ ^^^^^ improve.
jou advance «ne step more T kiw ^''''^''''■'
<(vancer I' '"ore, I kiljl you.
f^e p us tuer.
-tnou didst think wla^i '''^/''•t.w.
^*^e "iJ not project a„a „i:r;i.'c„
The ,01."""- '"'""'"'"•'«'«''««•'
m
— 39
i'RBTliRIT DEFINITE.
Did not I show much zeal and discretien in this case ?.
moiitrer.
Thou t'orgavest him all his past offenses.
pardon ner passe.
^Eneas thus began the relation of his misfortunes.
*'ominencer recit m.
We adorned the victim, and we struck the blow.
orner porter coup m.
Did you not too much flatter her ruling passion ?
^ff alter trop dominante
They insisted upon those conditions of the treaty.
insister snr
FUTURE.
I will assist your cousin with all my power.
aider de.
Wilt thou not yield to the advice of thy family ?
cider.
He will order the feast and regulate the banquet.
ordonner regler.
Shall we publish the disgrace of our own children ?
publier.
You shall examine and question the witnesses.
examiner (juestionner
They shall not walk j we will carry them.
marcher porter.
Compound Tenses.
PRKrERIT INDEFIiNlTE.
I have basely abandoned my friend in distress.
abandoniier.
Hast thou not oft?n blamed his foolish conduct ?
bldmer.
The thunder-bolt has shattered the finest trees.
foudre,/. fracasser.
We have not equalled the ancients ; they have surpassed u,?.
egaler surpusser.
You have buried your money, and I have found it.
enter rer irouver.
They have not displayed sufficient energy.
deployer assez de.
— 40 —
g , . PRETERIT ANTERIOp
"""^"^^"^"^^%-— „eel
Had.t thoa not owned and confessed thy fault 9
^"cnaidhadnoTp^ned^-n:?:-
,^7:'S;— -"-<». and attent J.
ir; •^■""^^Si.'^^^-'f^e^ei.on. ,
J '■etoj's had amused the children
ionuscr.
I
Wh«> I ol, t, L ^^"""^ '■''ST.
When . shall have sealed the letters and papers
When thou Shalt have discharged thy debt towards ,ne
" ^'"' "'" ''"^^ P'-'yod the required tune.
When we shall hnvn'^f"^'^ , demander.
..l)o„have^„edany.hi„,,,,,,,,,^^^„.^
^^—t the, wil, have sun,n.„ned all your friend.
appelet:
— 41
CONDITIONAL MOOD.
PRESENT.
[l would willingly forget your former conduct.
oublier.
■Wouldst tliou briug thy brother (to my house?)
amcncr chez 7noi.
Fire woukl consume it in half an hour.
consumer en
We would shut the thief (up) in the room.
eiifermcr.
Would you feel my poor In'other's pulse ?
iatcr pouls, in.
?^houl<l they even deplore that calamity.
quand MiuuP dvp'orcr.
PRETERIT.
I would have preserved the remembrance of it.
conserve!- en.
Wouldst thou have signed the warrant of his deatli ?
si'<ner arret.
She would not have sv/allowed the phygic.
ava-cr mtdecinc, f.
We would not have asked pardon (from him.)
(■eiiHindcr hii.
You would have taken the child (away.)
cnlever.
The judges would have acquitted the prisoner.
acquUter.
Would not your ftither have granted you such a rer^ueiit ?
nccorder.
liMPERATiVE MOOD.
Look for the book which thou hast mislaid.
Chcrchcr ^ egarer.
Let him bewail his sins, and let him sin no more.
pleurer. pP.cher.
Let us .assist our neighbour, and relieve him.
aider soulager.
Do ye forgive, and people will forgive you.
pardonner on.
Let men love one another, and worship God.
s^aimer adorer.
u
— 42 —
SUBJCWOTIYE iVIOOD.
Before ,l.o„un,„ade,t and e,.p«estth«. •
That he mayte'&S'H • . "'' ' "'""
'-od coiumands that w^o .houl,! f . •
, ™»»»»,„/c,- *"'""''' 'o''g«t injuries.
net us avoid evils liefhro ti,„ . <"''''»Vr.
arrive.
|w.aou»,v,...e«:.r:-,,
before he df^tJia^A i • ^^^''^wo-
.„ .S:f "'"' '""■■'^ to the Kir,g.
r^"^'""o&^""^-«va.da,._
'S' '"'^°- ■>■- -rived.
That thev shn,,]^ «'v-ircr.
•^/'M«'''""'fej.''-ti„,eand,,,eir„,o„ey.
-J"at i shou c have nnf n/y
ymi.il que ^'!* ^^ n^y voyage !
«*e'heMM„:^ra„t,.eWh.
Although we have moderatecl hk
PoT:M^^« ^^^^^ ""deceived von, .,.....,,
•'"''S."'-'"«-^'--di»ar„>ed„,e rebel.
(lesiti
'■A
iner.
— 43 —
riiUPERFECT.
J&.lthough I had excused your former faults —
excuse.r.
Before thou hadst consulted thy father and mother —
consvUer.
Though she had not spent all her money —
dc parser.
|You must have dreamt or imagined this fable.
^Ilfautque river imaginer.
. Do you think they would have dared to strike me ?
renser oser frapper.
SECOND CONJUGATION, in IK
{Verbs whose Participle Present ends in issant.)
INDICATIVE MOOD.
PRESENT.
I bless the Almighty who has created me.
benir creer
Thou establishest thy credit upon a slender basi^.
etahlir basef.
She unites the qualities of the mind and of the heart.
reunif.
Do we fulfil all the conditions that the law imposes ?
remplir itnposer.
You do not punish the idle, and you reward the diligent
punir recompense.
Indolent princes weaken their authority.
affaiblir
IMPERFECT.
I was just finishing my letter to the Minister.
finir
Didst thou not disgrace thy character by such frauds ?
uviliv
Orpheus softened the manners of men by songa.
adoucir mc^nrs
We alternately blushed and
rougir.
pali\
— 44 —
i'»» 'lid not aocompli.,, our object.
vomir. ^'•^>-^n.
^he servant soilecltheoarpe,
,."te ™' ■»»■!•-. ,1,.„,|
BCsr:""-"- -'—-.»
^^ey not dazzle all eyes with fl,«- r ^'''^^■^' ^^^
^' ^^^^ «ot weaken his frien^hlnT'' "'•
Will rr. ''J^'^i^fir '^^^"^^'^^P for you.
'"^^ ^""S" --^- on .a. .pot.
Compound Tenses.
Tk PRETERIT iNDEriNITK
I have washed nil fi i , '^'^''^^^-
„ Cc/'v'''''^f.«'''es of the family,
Hast thou chosen th. ho«',&r
«eaven has blessed the nnrrio l^^^^^nmander.
benir. ^ "^^"^iriage of my daughter.
— 45 —
avc we not united all the votes in our favour ?
reunir. en
■Jou have not yet demolished one-third of the house^
dimolir tiers, m.
!Rie missionaries have converted some infidels.
converiir.
PRETERIT ANTERIOR.
|\Vhen I had done my exercise, tlie bell rang.
I finir sonner.
■Bcarcely hadst thou filled the bottle, when it burst.
remplir que crever
AVe had hardly betrayed that important secret —
trahir.
As soon as you had abolii^hed these bad laws —
.lussitot que abolir
When they had given the required security —
fournir
iVhen the bishop had consecrated the new church —
benir.
PLUPERFECT.
I have never hated any one so much before.
hair personne.
If thou hadst acted more prudently on this occasion-
atjir dans
That sight had so much amused my children —
divH^Nr
We had already banished all these thoughts.
h,in7iir.
If you had bewailed that loss as much as he (did) —
gemir de hti.
The blood had not yet (gushed out) of his wound.
iaillir
They had accomplished the object of their Diission.
accompUr.
FUTUEE PAST.
When I have enriched all mv relations —
cnrichir
Thou wilt not have done in three hours.
Jinir.
— 46 ~-
«^-i)-otha.c groaned and „epti„vai„
«<■*«- ha.c ,a„,uThrd so 4"L-
Foa will t. '1"*'«>- ^ ""' P"*"" ?
^0- the, ,ha,Uave deafened U,e audience-
co.vditio.xa7 mood.
J «oaId supply all I '"''^'""•
^^ ,/n''"' *'"""""^*' not whiten a .e«,^
«« -aid. certain,, fi,H,,„aice we,, '
We would weaken th^Xtt of
y„„ ,. ?/?=.W,V ^"'"'"'^"'"•pi-edietioDg.
J'oar disgracefi,, eondiw » ,j
H„» .. '''''"'<' '^fleet upon me
«0W would you defin- . 1. ">«,> ' ®-
Conmmtnl '^ ^fr" ^"^ "Conduct 7
^^bmldthcr house if the, ,,ad money.
Wi'hout him I should I, '""^*'"-
San. ^''»»'d h^ve perished for hunger
^'o** thou have chosen th^e i„ oref
^-■e Hor. would ha^t-,-i|'^^7-
We would have blessedt*^' 7
Wou,dv„ ,5' '''''^" '^^ «•""» a favor.
yvouid you not have Iiflf^^
' ^^*^^ «"ch a scoundre] ?
^ey would not have M I ..
"t oave blushed at any basp «..-
'•owyiV </e -^ ^®® action,
II f audi
In ord(
— 47 —
IMPEKATIVE MOOD.
Do thou blos9 the hand that brings thee succour.
bniir porter
liei him suffer for his scandalous conduct.
pdtir dfi
Let us equally divide all the prizea.
rf parti I
JPo you banish all cares, and enjoy your fortune.
bannir jouir de
at honest pleasures gladden the life of man.
einbellir
SUBJUNCTI E MO >D.
PRESEi>:T.
I must not overbid you for that p^perty.
// ne/aut pas que encherir sur
Provided thou dost ungloss this piece of u'oth —
Pourvu que decatir drap, m.
Vo you think that it will diminish your fortune ?
;V ^ penser que amoindrir
i^o that the public effervescence abates.
De sortc que s'atiiedir
vve must not impoverish the provinces.
II nefaut pas que appauvrir
; Although you may thin this pieceof wood—
amincir
Provide i the calves do not fall away this winter.
! tnaiyrir
IMPEKFJSCT.
I That I might widen the sleeves of this coat —
eUtrgir
Ho that thou mightst thicken the ink —
epaissir
Although he enlarged his state by continued purchases
arrondir terre^f. urhitf, m.
Provided we should not deafen our neighbours
ttourdir
Vou should clear up all our doubts.
llfiiudrait que tclabcir
In order that speeches should not incense the minde —
A fill que aigrir
e.
— 48 —
., PKETERIT.
J^apposo I iiave chosen the best «,'/lo nf iu
-s^'w 0..^ 9u, c;,o/. ". ^® °^ ^^^ question—
Before thou hast finished thy worJc I ^Uu u ^ . ^
yi,,;, "•> "'°^^' i ^^all have done mine,|
Although the desease has weakened him much^''""' '
Before we have cleared tha^^^stery-
TT ... , eclair cir
S:"i.r.^,';r^ tr" •'•« s— of the«,a,e-
l'rov,ded his children have not suffered (or 1* folies-
1, , ^ i'LUPERFBCT.
Before I had performed my unpleasant taslc-
Although thou hadst till then enjoyed good healt]>-
Althoughit^vaspSlfthat^^dperished-
ir,r ^'"""^ ""' ^r-'^ked .his h';^;_
W.tl.ou their l,„ving lamented over sneh a loss-
^ girntr.
and persons as a^M^^L'^ ^g,;-^^^^^^^
INDICATiyfi MOOD.
W« 11 . PRESENT.
We all run after fortune anH hnn.„...
You offv
court r
otrn
t "' '' '^^'^ S^°^ opportunity
— 49 —
Ail men and animals are now asleep.
[juestioa —
iiave done mine
jinir
ich —
tate —
Ill's? fblies —
ealtli—
ed—
uaintanee>».
5S —
^tead of isstirw
ha preoedini;
ti sucli tenser
pr€S€?lt.
Vo
(form I r
ung girls gather flowers in the meadows.
cueuUiir
IMPERFECT. *
\ did contradict that false and scandalous report.
dimentir
I^idst thou feel the strength of the argument ?
scnlir
She offered to abandon her portion to her brother.
olfrir
We were (setting ofi) when your letter arrived.
l^i^rtir arrucr,pret. d?t
Did you not suffer from the intense heat ?
They were (going out) and nothing detained tlicm.
sortlr ' rclcnir
laese assurances of friendship concealed a. treachery.
covvrir
At the time when Columbus wa.s discovering America,
Au temps ou dtcouvrir
These boys where growing rude and impertinent.
devenir
The water was boiling, and I felt its warmth.
lionlUir sentir
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
rilESENT.
Do you think that I will suffer your follies ?
penscr so'.frir
Before thou goest out of thy father's room —
sortir
He must sleep very soundly with such a noise.
Ufa lit que dor mi r par
<.Tet the horses ready, that we may depart early.
ApprHer partir
1 wish you would consent to the bargain.
ilestrer que consentir
Provided the cnnemy flee, I am content to die.
Aithougii the princes feel the insult.
rcpsentir
I do not think that the water boils yet.
pa user
liouil
w
60 —
Before i}iey open the gates of the citv.—
ouvnr
THIRD CONJUGATION in OIR.
{Like Recev-oir.)
INDICATIVE MOOD.
I'RESENT.
' '::"L^. "''" ^"-^ 'r ^onr wo.,.., father.
"' ::r:;? '^ ""^ p-j-* --, da.v.
^^''Z?/"" "''=''''='"»*•'''« ''"drospeof.
rou(arc_^.,^.,.r much. ore t.lK.„ an the other.
T)i«j do not foresee future ealaraitie«
prevoir
IMPKRFJiCT
'''"f:r'""'^*--»*-"^o province.
T.OU did. not^^i^e the eua.e under the, ,0.0™.
felie did not owo mc any thanks.
We du. ^t conceive great hopes from hi».
you did deceive „,y expectation.
Ti>e, co^^l'^hoir rents ve^ pu„„tu„„.
I'llBTERlT DEFINITE
i perceived j^ou fiom my window
«rc/raoi> ^g ^ winaow.
•Hiou receivedst a f-l-.n^!.. ^- , r
— 51 —
He conceived a strong aftection for your .<istcr.
concecoir
We have to destroy these two ibrtresse^. -
devoir (hlrulrc
You did not provide for their .subsistence.
pourtoir a
Bneh news must have distressed your old ilAther.
'kv<-ir r.vj.i/riner^ {jril. . infi,)
FUTURK.
T shall receive two hundred dollars a year.
rcccvoir pa,'-
lliou Wilt not deceive our Ijest hopes.
fffceioir
I hope that ho will not conceive such thou'>-ht3.
(•^]>ei'€r i/iic concpvoir
We shall conceive no hatred against you,
concci'oir
You will owe me a large .Him of money. •
lie voir
The spies will discover the least sign.
dicoucrir moindre
Compound Tenses.
I'RETEiUT I.rUEFIXlTl!:.
T hj)V(! received several wounds in this hattle.
recevoir
Thou hjftit not provided for our subsistence.
pour voir a
She has not foreseen the result of her conduct.
prv.voir
We have entertained too high an opinion of her.
roiiccmir
You havci not deceived me m my ex[)ectation.
«.^ dfcn-oir
-Have their opinions prevailed over vours ?
ftrCvu'oir
~— 'JJ —
1 1 I
^1
r
''RETKRIT AXTEIlIOi;.
When I hu,| received my salary— '
. reccvoir. >
AS soon as tliou hadst perceived the fault-
"e !iad no sooner conceived this idea than-
Vhe„.ha,l.i„edauhoarti.e.ton„„ba.ec,.
.Soaroelv had «-e seen the king, „.he„ ;;'J:;Sed.
J^'d you nav vnnr ,l,.Kfo , i , '^"^ pdriir.
„, /«r.^;« ;^/!T' ""™ ■>•"" '-' '•eoeivedyourren..?
« 1«'» your plans had prevailed over ov^'"''-
prevnloir
ITiU PERFECT.
I had received so many favors from him-
HacUt ,ou conceived a better opinion of me
1^ liad been raining for a Avhole week
V\ e had provided for the .security- ofalJ
ponrvoir «
If you had owed your life to his assistanco.
rho wise mouZad foreseen the catastrophe
prfvoir.
'n
FUTURK I'AST
r>vill^pa.v,o„ when I have received n,y„„„e,,
TI.OU wilt never have seen .,4Tte pi,.,ure. ■
He .ill ,,et ou. when he-'has provide., U,r (every M,i„„.
>Vl.n,ha,,>vehaveestab.is,feTrt;naui,i,vt'-«'
1^2 '"« »•''»" yoaZal'lTa;; received a letter.
reccvoir.
IP-
your rents?
ng)-
As soon as they shall have perceived the error.
* apcrcevoif.
(H)N'D[TIONALiM()()D.
rilESENT.
I lihould owe you more than my live.
devoir id
('Ouldst thou conceive such obstinacy ?
concevoir.
He at least would not deceive our hopes.
■^-'it liccevoir.
Ought we not to go (to iiis house?)
devoir alter chcz tui.
You (-ould not supply his wants better.
pour voir a.
No prayers would soften their hearts.
(■movvoir.
I'llETEIllT.
I could not have foreseen this event.
pvevoir.
^V'ouldst thou have recei/ed his homage?
recevoir
The master would not have perceived any thing.
• _ af-ercci-oir Hen.
Have we not conceived a false idea of him ?
conccroir
\'ou (ought to have) warned your friend.
devoir averiir (prcs, in/in.)
His relations would have supplied his wants—
pour voir it.
IMPERATIVI^: MOOJ).
good prince, receive the homage of thy subjects.
recevoir. ' ,
hat him owe you his wife and his fortune.
devoir.
Let US conceive better hopes for the future.
■concevoir ■ l^tvenir.
Do you foresee evils, and avoid them.
prfvoir (-viler.
Let tliem owed you their future happiness.
devoir.
— 54 —
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
i>o you wish me to receive your ]eff.r= •
^ ) that you niaj conceive better whit T?' i •
l^eiore he perceives the danr^er of" his ^uf^-"^'"''
... - «/>er....oi,.- .,,f "^ °^ ^^^^ Situation.
iCi
Although I oasilv „„de:.,tood his motive.
f«« i'«c /-f.^-cir* •' °'^ '""" ("I'y one)
Aithougl. she owed you a!i her happine« ""■""""■
JSelore we perceived the eclipse it ,v,o
' («-', off) without your noticing him!" ■'■"'^•
S^ i'oat they might „ot aoeXus't 'X, ^
4/'w g*/"? .- . "^ l'^"y) lonojer.
' aecevoir, °
I^OUHTH CONJUGATION in
BE.
INDICA'TIVE MOOD.
i '■.
^^tt^ '^'"^ ^^'-'-^^ return fro,n the
TH
inovi
<^he country.
(goest^op/n^ intofj... c^lUr „ i . ,
prendre.
55
He sells his hcuse to pay his debt^.
i-endre pour payer.
>Ve spread the linen in the garden.
' ftendrer
We hear the voice of the God of our fathers.
entendre.
They (pour down) favours upon the people.
repandre.
• IMPEBFECT.
I did condescend to her just de.^ires.
condescetidre.
Thou didst la,y a snart; for the poor man.
tendrc pV-ge, m.. a
ihd the sun melt the lead upon the roof?
foiidre.
This hen did lay some very tine eogs. '
pondre. '
We were paying our duties to the ladies.
rendre.
Did you not melt in tears, upon hearing hi« speech '?
Jondreeti ' en entendre.
Jhese young men did not answer to our expectation.
9^'^'^ repondre a.
rUETERIT DEirN'lTE.
I confounded the pride of the insolent.
_ CO nf and re.
Didst thou shear thy flock and sell the wool ?
tondrc vendre.
The wise author new-moulded his work.
refondrc.
We corresponded to your sincere affection.
corr spondre a.
Vou lost your time and your labour with her
. f'''^''' , peine.
A great number offish did bite at the hook.
mordre «. '
— 56 *>-
I
n •■ii
"'U':i! ™^ '^'^^ '- "J d-r country. •
Thou Shalt cleave some of these largo free»
The uupamal judge „ill hear all the witnesses
'^'■''"--tr^-'i't^eh.eal.ness. '
Vou shall ,„ out) ,.ur hands i„va,-„.
,'Si
I'UETJJHIT INDEFINITE. •
'""S.^^'^^j-'^g'"' of the people.
Hnst thou not sold the land of thy fathers?
Has he rett^ned the tuoney which you lent hi™.
We have long (,™ited for, you in vain:''""'
' '&"* '" ">' »g„merifs.
They have'S"nff\ .i ''""omemenf, m.
.iM''"'^<"=''"»" »*■""="• plans.
When I had answered „,yage„,.,,e„er_
H hen thouhadst (spread abroad) the tatal news ^
ihe hen had no sooner laid an egg-
When ,ve had shorn alfthtlheep-
Scarcely h„d you (|,„„g „p) ^^^ ^^^^_
When the archers had mVbent their bows- ■
57
rLUPERFECT.
I had forbidden you to open this book. .
■ difendrc dc ouvrir.
Thou hadst heard thy father's orders.
entendre.
If* it had depended upon me alone —
ilfpcndrc de.
We had already lowered the best part of the roof.
descendre.
You had mistaken one thing for another. '
conj'ondrc.
They had not lost all their property during tlie war.
l-'rrdrc. ""
FUTURE PAST.
When I shall have wrung all the linen —
tordre.
Thou wilt have lost the best part of thy crop.
pcrdre.
As soon as he will have taken the bait —
mordre a hame^on.
When we nhall have beaten the enemy.
Saitre.
When you shall have cleft this oak in twain-
pourfendrc.
They will not have sold the whole yet.
vendre encore.
CONDITIONAL MOOD.
PRESENT.
I would not take one hundred dollars (for it.)
prendre en
Tliou couldst not understand his bad English.
comprendre.
Vvniilil \\a Qpc\v<5v -fn" i'l" ».«.^1. «...'" 1 A (>
rtpondre de.
We should melt in tears on hearing him preach.
fo'idre I enicntre prfcher.'
— 5S —
You would lose all your credit and your influence.
perdri'.
■Sliould they not desc^'ul I'rom the same ancestors —
descenirc.
PllKTERlT.
1 would not have {held out) my hand tn ^n'-h a man.
Imdrp.
'^Vouldst thou have answered a letter of that sort ?
repoiidre.
That stone would have broken his skull.
(/»!) fend re le crane.
AVe would not have 'W'aited (ior you) any longer.
aiMndre voun plus.
'VVonld jou not have done him the same service ?
rendre.
The Russians would certainly have lost the battle.
ltusi^c,j/i. pel Ire.
IMPKRATIVE iAIOOT).
Do thou defend thy country and thy children.
di'feadre.
Let God Almighty confound his enemies.
t:on/ondre. *
Let us not expect any" thing good fror^ such a man.
attendre rie. h..
Soldiers I rush ye upou the barbarians.
fondre.
Let them soil all their goolj on reasonable term?,
vend re.
SUBJUNOTIYF MOOD.
J>RESENT
Though I may render him a goou oflivc —
rendre.
Although thou mayst pretend to jest.
pn-tendre badincr.
but good books-
provided lie sells none
rendre
near,) so that we may hear better.
(jiie.
i'r
approcher
Though ,
Before th
Deforc I
For i'ear
JJe cruim
Althougl
In case ^
En CMS q
Why die
FaUait-i
Althouo:
Althouf
Withou
Sans qit
Betore
.ilthou
Wheth
Que
Until 1
I (wei
i > c ibr'
Altho
entendre.
— 59 —
Thoucriv you may
^a'"- J
descend from an ancient family.—
descendrc. ,
Before they distribute money among the peop.^.
rfpandrc-
Jieforc I answered his endless questions—
For leat thou shouldst lay a snare (for Ivim.)
iuCCtllo nob-rvSU .ho foaming wavo._
In ca«e w»' might lose that goo'^ pportunity—
mrdiS';ouspj::^';-our wicked maxims?
Fallait-i que ripandrc. ^^„„f nf tVipm^elves —
Although they gave a good account ot them^eiws
rendrc-
PRETERIT.
Mthcv--h 1 have forbidden you to prattle—
Without tV hav tig heard a syllable (oi it)—
Srthesmn ^^s (^^n up) the gst. ,
rendrc ""'•/.■, . i
Although we did not (wait till) the end ot h,. speech.
" attendre.
Whether you did answer h.x, or no
lentil thev have hanged all ^^ pirates-
Ja^qu'a re qne V<i»'^^''
7107?..
I (went away without having heard hi. reply.
. ''"f'! , vr> "rw- ,l,,oa<r.l the wd-
Although he had very .oU defended n, cause-
^ dejenaif-
/il
r
• - CO —
Although we had sold our -cods tolerably well-
_ vendrc
1 was waiting till you had alackenod the rope
attend re qve 'If tend re
Although they had split most of the be.t trees—
fendre la plupart de
^EKRS in INDRE, OF THE SA3I]Er CONJUGATION
INDICATIVE MOOJ).
^ fr?/;,*? '^'f'''^ ^^' '''^ ^^»^>' old father.
's?S '^'^ '''''''''' ^^ '^^ ^^^^" '-^"d civil.
The dog, at last, overtakes the tired hare.
UT rv J. . Uelndre.
^ ''tr^ ''^' ^^^^ clothes Jc) go to church.
V'ou contrain your masters to bif tevere
coniraindre -^
The tyrants extinguish their rage in blood.
I I'tcindrc
M
IMPERFECT.
I. olid enjohi them to follow my steps
cnjoindrc Icur de. ^ f •
Ihou didst feign to be sick andpoor.
feindrc. *
»he did join her prayers to mine
joiadre.
>Vas he not breaking the laws of society ?
We did pity his miserable fate.
plaindre
You did- represent youv condition to the K'mcr
dcimndrc. ' o«
-Uid they not dye this cloth in red ?
ieind.re
en.
I
- (U —
VRETEUIT DEFINITE.
1 encircled with tlowcvs the conqueror's head.
Thou'didst not attain tlie end of thy auilitiou.
aUeindre hul, m- >
Bid he not oblige me to carryv that letter f
contraindre. , • i i.
We compelled them to do their duty.
astreindre. , .y
Did you enjoin him to scale the renipart !
cnjoindre lid.
They put out all the fires but one.
Heindn excepU.
rUTURE.
Shall I (take out) all these old books?.
avcindt'C. , •
Thou shall pretend some important business.
, fcindre.
Will he rejoin the rest of the army :
rcjoindre. .
We shall restrain your curiosity.
rcstreindre. l ^^cj
Will you not pity my manifold misfortunes r
plaindre. a'*.:^,^
My letters will describe to you my sad condition
dUpeindre.
rRETERIT INDEFINITE.
I have pretended to be deaf and dumb.
Thou hasTsurrounded thy park with a hedge.
ceindre.
My master has ordered me to call you.
cnjoindre ppclcr.
We have re-painted the whoie house.
Bid you not fear the voice ot your conscience .'
craindrc.
They have dyed the same cloth (again.)
' '.cindre.
i.
h-:- ,
■m
— 62 —
PRETKRIT ANTEHIOB.
AVhen I had reached the first rank in my class—
'itteindre.
>v hen tlioii hadst compelled the thieves to run—
. „ contrai7idre.
^^.Uer the Bishop had anointed the King's head.
^earceJy had we described our dreadful shipwreck-
^ di'pciiidre.
When ^-ou had extinguished all the lights— *
>\ Jien tlicy had overtaken the rest of the enemy—
rejoindrv.
11'
I'LUI'EIIFECT.
As thougli I have violated all the laws of society—
Ihou hadst already attained thy detestable end.
., (.rltf-ividrc
iHaii has separated those whom God had joined.
Had we not enjoined them not to makeTS''^'"
enjoindre fuirede
Jiccause.you have not even painted a new house— ,'
They had not even pretended to be'sorry (for it.)
feindre da f,j^^
FUTURE I'AST.
When I shall have attainod my majority—
W.all lie have violated in vain the laws of society'^
,,;., I'lifrcindrc. "^
VVi^en we have described the situation of both armies-
„ drpcindrc.
>ou Will have compelled us to use severity.
.. .' 1 ,
employer
As soon as they have rejoined the
I'cj oindre.
army
— ()o —
CONDITIONAL MOOD.
' ' . PRESENT.
I would not tear to hold «?uch language to liim.
craiwlrc.
Shouldst thou even not uttaui fliy end—
Qmntl mcme ■ jileindre but,m. ^ ^
A bold soldier would put on the crown ot kings.
■cindre diadhnc, m-
Could we not descril^^ more clearly all our wants '^
di'pein'dre.
Would you pity the ta+c of a base traitor ?
pi a i ad re
They would never intrlngc the orders of the prince.
cnfreindre.
IMPEKATIY]^^ MOOD.
Obiiffe thv servants to be civil and clean.
Astreindre.
Let him dye all these cloths in purple.
tclndrc.
Let us combined the useful with the agreable.
}ai7idrc.
Bo ye never break the laws of God or of man.
e.vfrcindrc.
;(jet the wicked fear the vengeance of (rod.
cruindre.
SUBJUNCTIVKMOOD.
I'RESiNT.
3'rovided I reach the desired end —
attciadre.
Althou{^h thou fearest no rcproacr. from her-
nc cruindre ancun-
That he may sooner join his company —
Jlnjln que Joiadn'.
She wishes us not to pity her sad condition.
dt^sircr que ■jiltdndre.
(inless you pretend to be mad and furiims —
feindre.
i
— 04 —
liefbr<3 tlie workmen paint this, gallery—
peindre. *
IMPERFECT.
That I might persuade him to be punctual—
astreindre.
Unless tliou shouklst extinguish all .the lighis—
ftciadre.
in order thai he might reach the summit-—
•^/"' '/"c atteindre.
Pro^-ided we did not break the regulations—
(>T\freindrc.
ley spoke befbri! yoii commanded silence.
iHtrler enjoind.re.
I'or tear they should restrain his power—
r>c rraiiilr qiiv ro>^treindre..
fir
m
VYAU\S\u f/77?£', OF THE SAME CONJUGATION.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
IMIESKXT.
I conduct all my father's business. '
condulrc,
Thou buildost a magnificent liouse,
consifuire.
He destroys all ids adversary's objections.
df'tnurc.
We do not introduce new fiishions.
introdviie.
^'ou enjure your family by your bad conduct.
nutrr a
'I'hey tranlaso Latin into French,
traduirc. e,i.
iMVr.RVKC'V.
was taking your mother 1 omc (again)
I'lco.idin'ri'
rhet el/e.
65 —
Thou didst not deduce all thy reasons.
(Iv.duire^
\ »";is she not bukhi'^ bread for the family ? ,
ciure.
\Ve were plastering the ceiling of the church.
eniiuirc.
You always repeated the same ar2;uments.
reprodulre.
They <iid not well manage their atl'airs.
condiiire.
PllETEUIT DKI-INITK.
[ deducted twenty dollars from his account.
Thou didst drive thy horses with imprudence.
ronduire.
She dismissed all her suitors with politeness.
i'roii(fiiire.
We translated six pages before breakfast.
truduirv.
Vou won us all ))y your .amiable disposition,
A^dvire.
^V\\^\ destroy none of my arguments.
■ne d.flruire.
lUTURK.
I will expose my motives when it is timp.
dC'duire. (fnlure.)
Thou shalt conduct the entreprise in my name.
CO nd Hire en
8hc will not entrap me with all her arts.
ai'duirc ' artiji('i\ m.
We will produce our titles to the inheritance.
produire.
Vou slinll not cook this meat to-day.'
i'liirv.
Thev will imform us of the ijueoesai of the afiuir.
Instniin'.
i
i
-_ 06 —
^ Compoumi Tenses of the Indicative.
i'RKTERIT INDEFINITE.
Have I conuuct the affair well ?
conduirc.
Thou has Bot cooked the meat we'iJ.
cuire.
I'llirrERlT ANTElllOK,
Wh3;i the sun liad shono upon our fields.
, Scarcely had they del^^yed the outer woik^.
, 'liirnirc.
1>LLI PERFECT.
Had you introdueea new regLdations ?
introdnirc.
He had hfibcd all the best witnesses.
sednirc.
l^HJTURE )'AST.
When I shall have translate this ^YO^k.
mi- .,, , trad aire.
IhFS will not have hurt your interests.
utirc a.
Tv
CONDITIONAL MOOD,
' PRESENT.
T!
■wuid not hart my noig}d)or's reputation.
•nine a
»ou coul.lst not build sucii a house,
^„, const i'lf ire.
-^nat {i(;;n w.>ijld discard hi>
own iathei!.
icoaduii-f.
' — G7 —
If we had fire, we wnuld cook our victual?.
■juirc.
You could not persuade her by the fairest spcochop.
Your reasons would destroy one another.
f-c 'UlruLc.
The sjime arguments would reduce him to silence.
-IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Do thou not lead us into temptation.
ill'? aire.
Let my servant drive youV earriaga Ijome.
condi'irc clicz roiis-.
Let us instruct our chil'l ren, and hurt no one.
inslruire nvir a.
Do ye produce your titles to this property
Let not my intercuts induce tiiem to do it.
indiiire /«.
J^UBJUNOTIVE MOOD^
I'KKSENT.
My lather desires that I thouid beha,e properly.
ih' hirer ac coivJnlre hitt.
Ffovidod thou deduced thy reason??.
Poiircu qi:v. dfdairr.
That the ^wn may .«hine for all men.
Jljln >iV(i J it ire
Whct))er Ave injure your reputation or not.
SoK (iui' itiiire it. '
Although we conduct our business honestly.
Qu'ulque conduire
1 demand that you should introduce me to court.
I)cmander inlrodaire.
fkrore'tlio trees beor n.Lrv ti'n\[]
pro J aire.
JJihfiii que
lNlPKKf''K<T,
I bad to .summon hiin b-Aibre tlu? court,
fl falhif que Ir'tduire,
m
I
— 68 —
111 order t!i at thou migfitst destroy his prejudices.
-1f.n que detruirc.
He c-'.giit to prodttco all hig papers. '
// faudrait que produire.
He wished thai wc shoiijd tnkc (him) back.
vouloir reconduiJe.
no wish you would reduce y«mr ehiim:?.
vou!oir(cond.) rrduire ' prttention.
Hetore hi? ;irts seduced her innocent heart.
Jra/il ,-pip s-dnire.
Compound Te7?^es.
COXf»ITTON".M, PAST.
This book would Have led us into error.
indvire
I would have taken the childron to the theatre.
condairc.
SU !U IINCTI VK (>!^ K'VKK! T.
Before hv has deducted th(3 costs.
deduire.
I)o you believe that they did buikl this house?
croire conshuin'.
I
Altli.iugh thin author had produced but one work
Qi^oiqur prodnirw.
before we had pla.itcroil all the walin.
li'.Dif qtif enditirr.
♦
HKI'l.KCTED VKHJJS OF ALL OONJKiATlONS.
INDIOATIVK iMOOD.
* PilKSKN'J'.
1 walk ovory morning bcdore brcaUki^t.
•v^' prom CD fir,
— t>9 —
Dost thou not porceive that he is mistjtkea.,
■'i'aieyccvoir sr troir.pcr
At the least reproach j^heluint.s away,
ft'evanovir.
.See how majeHtically the sun advances,
foir s''avnnccr.
We are but too ottcu raigtaken in our views.
(nc que) sc mHjirendre. |
Do you like the country? 1 do not like it.
se I'laire a y,
Oood boy^s repent of their faults and mend themselvea
se repeniir de se corriger.
They always yield to good advice.
M rendre.
IMPKRFKOT.
I expciited better results from his management.
?fc promcUre.
Didst thou not anticipate what he said?
si^attendre a dire. '
, She complained ^^^.ry nmch of her daughter's conduct,
.^e pldindre.
He did not pity the poor man's situation.
' s' a pi foyer sur.
Xerxes flattered himself that (he eouiu C':mj[uer) (Jreecc.
se flatlcr d^ conqnfrir.
We were not amused with liis i,n^?b.'^neries!.
s'ainuser de.
Did you not imagine that I would submit to it.
HHraaijiner ae. soumettre y (cort'H.)
The Lacedemonians boasted of \ heir past glory.
sc vantcr.
They did not thereby bind themselves to do it.
s\ts(rehidre a le.
' i
[ was not frightened by his threatening attitude.
!^^effrayer </c.
Did T not endeavour to soothe his atflietiou ?
s^eforcer calmer
Thou didist not perceive thtit it was growing late,
s'apervevoir il sefmre.
— 70 —
ft
ii'
The ja.v deckca himfc-elC with the peacock's feathers
f'f IHirer de.
He took a great liking for dogs and horses.
St prendre (h. passion,/.
We covered ourselves with glory on that day.
ne couvrir. ' .
You hastened to assist him and He (crot angry ^
s-empresser secourir ^ ,, f.^X,-/
Mul you not surrender upon the.se terms ?
sc rend re a.
yVe rushed on, hut the thieves (made their escar.e )
ncprfcipUer s^.'mr/er. ''
FUTIJRE.
I will never complain of your conduct.
sc plaindre.
-Thou wilt soon get tired of these amusements.
S6f aligner.
W.lt thou pay attention to the dutks of thy plavc "
s'lrppliqucr.
He will not go away before he has paid you.
W -n ''^'\^'i^r q'if payer {stihj.y
We wil! not conhne ourselves to vain threab.
y «'<?« /'^?n"r a
K^.tall wo not be offended at such insulting words ?
s*qff'ensi'r de. ■ ' ,
You will not ea.-»ily get out of that scrape.
mi .,, , se tirer de mauvnis pas.
Miey will not dcgr.ide themselves to such a point.
_ ravilir.
i he children will soon fall asleep.
s'endormir.
1
Compound Tmscs.
1 have enquired into the truth of this rumour.
s cnqnCrir.
Bid I not express myself dislinctly cnouLdi?
*■ ''Jcprivier.
— 71 —
Tkou hast contradicted tiijself more than once.
sc conlredire.
Tlic one was drowped, yrd the other escapc/d.
se noycr se yiioccr.
That tield w:is sold to the highest bidder.
se ttendre
Did we not settle here before you came ?
s'flaldir venir.'(iinp.sutfj.)
ion have amused yourselves at our expense.
se diveriir.
k'ou did not procure the nocessarv titley.
se pourfoir de
The.'^o things look place betbre I retired.
.J6 passer sc retircr. (suhj.)
iTvKTiaUl- ANTJilUOR.
When [ had abstained from drinking wine.
s'ahstenir boire (pr. inf.)
No sooner had 1 cried out than he ran away;
s'ecrier s'enfuir.
When he had heed intoxicated once or twice,
s'enicrer. '
Vticr thou hadst fought with thy enemy
>^ *•<; bait re
AM.soon as we bad complained, he was silent.
se pUiiadre .<?e laire
Attcr we had well aum.sed ourselves, we retired.
sc ri'.Jouir se relire.r.
When you were gone, we" disputed and fought.
■ s'en aJler se qucreller se buttre.
When tiiey liid saluted and embraced one another.
s€ snbi.er s'embrasser,
i'^t'ter the soldiers had dispersed, every one rejoiced.
se dispcrscr ae rejoitir.
PLUi'ERFECr.
Ihud not remembered the appointed hour.
se souvenir- de fixer.
Had I not suspected that it Would be so.
sc dottier se pas.ier.
7ii
>i V
He saia that thou halst contradicted ti;vself.
mi '^'"' . «<! rontredire.
Ihe magistrate was not content with reprimanding hko
IT^^ , *'''" ^'^'''■''' « (pres.inf.,
i-iad wc engaged not to warn one another ?
li'eiifjajei- s'avertir.
We had ima-ined tiiat the weather would clear up
V„ K f"\"^'"''- . , , s^eclaircir. '
you had not cmpoverished yourgelf'in that office .
Had you expected such newji from your son.
a^altcndre a.
The la.<t rjiy.-? of hope had vanished.
■•i''?vanovir.
FUTURE PA8T.
When I {shall have become firm in that position.
ihou wiit no sooner /lave approached iha place.
^, .„ ^ , , s'approc/cer Ue /
tone will tiut havc^ recollected your name.
'/ iuppeler
Their rage will h:x7u been extinguished in bioo<i..
s'lHeindre.
i^careely shall we have retired when
s' eloigner.
When you shall have defended yourself bravely.
V . ,, , - ^c defend i'C.
You shall see that they will have fallen asleep.
When all the boys shall have behaved to my satista.>tioii.
ii;-ij xi , ^^ conduire.
n ilJ thsy not have punished themselves ?
te punir.
• nf^
. OONDTTIONAL MOOD.
^ PRESICNT.
I would certainly take offence at such words.
s''oi}enseT tip.
Wouldst thou not (come to terms) with me.
x' entendre.
- 73 —
The knave would lang hiu elt' througli dobpai; .
' f>endre.
He wnuld not he afraid of the king's presence.
"i'effratjcr 4e.
We would dho'>r ourPek< s worthy oi vour esteem.
fic montrer.
Would you settle and fix yourselves in a wild t'ountr> .
>i\'tahlir se fixer.
Would 30U aggran*dize yourselves at the expense of your
neighbors ?
s^affrandir.
Th^y would w iiider and (lose 'their way) woods..
s''ef/arer .se pcrdre.
If the sua did appear, the pretty flowers Ud bloom.
.''P montrer (imp. ind.) s'epanouir.
PRETEillT. • -
1 would have amused myself in igling,
s''a7n,'iser a (pres. inf.)
Wouldst not thou have yielded to her prayers ?
se rendrv.
My horse would have fallen, but lie leaped and took to
s'l'batire a'elancer *<• invUrf a
swimming.
nager
My lather wou^d not have intervened in that business.
s^eniremeltre. dc
She would have been delighted at my ;- f^cidcnt.
se itjQuir '■'.
We would have ventured to attack ' le tiger.
s'enhardir a.
Were you not mistaken in your tjieulationsV
se tromper.
They would lever have discovered the trick.
s^apercevoir de
Would they not have impoverished themselves ?
s'appauvrir.
rMPEKATIVe.
Repent of thy past conduct and amend thyself.
aV« reptntir de se corriger.
. i
■,\
w.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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23 WEST MAI> STRKT
WEBSTEK,N.> 14580
(716) 872-4503
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74
Inquire into the htate of affairs, and act accorilhigiy,.
S'l/i/cr-'nir ile sc diriycr.
Lot hiui not mistiiko our intentions.
se meprendre sur.
Let her make ha&te and let her ,set to work .
sc hdtei se lacttre.
Lei us defend ourselves to the last extremity.
■St defend)- e Jusqu'ii.
Let us not imagine that he will ever re[)ent.
s'imayi/ur. se rcpenlir. (atibj. )
Do ye bear in mind the glory of your ancestors.
fic souvenir do.
Do you go away, and never show yourself liore again.
s'c/i allcr sc montrer.
Let them go, and let tliem perceive their errors.
s'c/i aller >,'apercevoir dc.
HIIBJUNCTIVEMOOD. ,
PllESENT.
That I may get used to these habits and customs.
s^uccovtutncr
The better (to) harden thyself against danger.
ajin qifr. s^eodurcir.
(If) she (grows) but a little weaker.
, your 110 >i. qua a'ujfaibli)- (ntne plua.
luir tear he siiould grow proud of success.
s'cnoryueiUir. '
Provided he free himself from this odious yoke.
Pour I'M qnv s'alfranchir dc.
lentil we recover from our former defeats. '
se re fc tier de.
Whether you discover the fraud or not,
qxu s'-ipercfiA-oir
In order that you should not be moved at this sight.
.Ifm que ^ ^ K\'mouvoir.
Do you think they vyiil 3xpose themselves to such reproacli.
penser (que) ' .^^'ex/oscr.
IMI'liRFKCT.
Should you wish me to ))ecome angry with 's'lii.
von'oir (rn,).) se fucher/
.... i.i —
AltliougU tliou <lidst not remember all the particulars.
I hid myself* before"the light went out.
,sc ca'chcr ' ' s'fleindre. ^
1 wlsliod that he ;-houlJ humble himself.
con loir sliumi'ier.
Ho oiiffbt not to absi'nt himself.
fuloir (cond.) qui: s^aOsenlcr.
\Vo showed ourselves before she retired.
fe prrai'.ntcr { pvd. ilif.) se rclircr. , ,. , ,
It was "ranted, nvovided that we (should not defend ourrielvea,
Reorder' ^ ,, , .cdriyndre^
AH (went on) very well before you meddled witli it.
ttller '^'^'!' '^''^■^''^
Bctbre tlie shades spread over the mountains.
s'elendrc.
I'KETBHIT.
Althovvi-h 1 took so mush trouble lor him.
..se donner.
Without thy having perceived the leust thing.
s'apercevoir d<'.
Do you wait till he lias belied himself?
tttfendrc que ' sc driiieniir.
Do you think that this rumour has spread so lar '.
pcmer K'Ctendre.
Tliough we explained as elcarly a< possible.
si'expHqner auasi que-
You must have introduced yourself very bohily.
/' t'nut que s:lntroduire,
I do not think that you expected such news.
penser s'aUendre a.
Althou-h they abstained from all lawful pleasui-cH.
s'abstcnir l'<^'ii^'-
Vrovide.l they did not fall asleep nt church.
A'endormir.
v\iVC\L\ib'&yv,
Before T hud informed myself of this affair.
s'inslntire.
i 1
II
— 7<> — •
Althoag!, I had not inquired after jour health
11,.-: , ^' IV former de.
UjiIh she wa.s reconciled with her father.
Nr reconcilier.
He went, out without having shaved him.seif
liefore we hud got rid ,.f the difficulty.
A th„,jgl, we had rested ourselves several time.
Before you Iiad reduced yourselvQ? to .sUiverj.
T y , . . ^^e rfdmre.
^-Sv;''"' >■»" ^«»''' '""0 ^o'-'itted to It.
I di,J „„, W ,.,at t.,,v had revolted agS M.u. ^"
'*^"*'' se revulter.
VKKB,S .NEOTKR, CONJ UG ATKD WITH KTHE.
tl<ot I^Xn wtr'lh" ""."if ^'"'P'^ '^"«'^' ^i*' froz-
en the e«»7i,;^S:tly ""'"*=' '''"•*" "'" ^*
INDICATIVE MOOD.
P'RKTMUT INDEriNira.
Where did,,!! th«, laud, after thy ahmwreet ?
« a/jorder.
A« soon as ho entered, he van up to me.
L'o you ask mo whether she has come in '? •
We did not suceood in appeasing him!^
•U IS your fault if you did flill.
My Hitter, have nor yet returned irom the eo
I'tveiiir de.
untry.
i t
My father and mother arc gone to the thentre
(Uler.
The two broiherf? were born on the same day.
naitre.
PRETERIT ANTEKIOU.
Hoarooly was 1 goue, when the storm began.
partir que Sclater.*
Thou hadst no sooner agreed to the terms.
ronvenir dc
As soon as he was dead, they embahued his body
moxirir embnumcr.*
When the child was born the priests entered.
naitre , cntrer*
We were no sooner arrived in the assembly.
arrivcr.
Atler you were gone out, we began to talk.
aortir commencer'^ a.
I'LUPiniFKCT.
\
I, had come to soo your uncle, but he had gone our.
venir ' ^orfir.
Hadst thou not gone into the country ?
The little chlekoj was not yet totally hatched. •
edorc.
We had not recovered trom our surprise.
tevenir.
Had you not interfered in this business ?
intervenir dans.
They had all died of the yellow fever.
mourir. i n • '
The two sisters had [been brought to bed] tl>e some: lav.
uccoticher.
FUTURE PAST.
Shut all the, doors as soon as I am gone.
par til.
* This Vtivb is to be put in the prderil defmilf.
I
Ij
— 7^ —
Vou .shall have my fortune when I am dead.
^Vhcn you sIuMi have returned, we sSf^eak of it.
. .Im,l ho l,avo grown rich, only to beoorao proud ?
' •■^'■^y sLall we Lave stayed one day at hia house
V --i Tester „;,.. . .
Vo. wul no sooner bo gone than ho will arrh4:
CONDITIONAL MOOD.
PKETERIT.
1 woali not liave gone out, had I known Ihi,. '
y^m^oM thou have eo.ue with us to the lake'/
H .thorn you, the child w^ould not have died! and we
^^ouJd not have fallen into such nw'"
1.- , , tomber.
>^ '►nid y..u have entered into the conspiracy?
rh.y wou^i cei'tainly not have passed this w.y.
pusst'7- par ici.
SlIJUUNCTIVE AfOOD.
PRliTEHlT.
Although I did not arrive at niy end.
I r 1 , parvenir a i,,,t
l^nles. thou didst not set out in time.
rHw..c:.tain that he has i;;t „|1 |,i ,,;^i,
* nrchoir (fe. ° '
. — 7i) —
Bo you think that we agreed to such terms 7
CO live air «'c.
How is it that j-ou fell from your horse ?
yefuirc tombcr.
1 do not believe that they were l)orn iu this eountrj'
naitrc.
Previtled they did not fall into the enemy's liands.
* iomluT enfrc.
PLUPEUFKCr.
A/,hoagh I had never entered into his views,
enfrcr,
Eefore thou wcrt born, F was ,i:;one to Join the army
naitre (tiler rojoindre.
In Cii5C he should have returned before you.
K'i ■;«« que reveuir
i^nlil we had succeeded in appeasing him.
rarvenir a (pres. inf.)
Two days had passed without your having returned
passer s'ln? '^ic recenir-
AJihoagh they had even come down to prayer?.
dcsceiulrc.
They gathered the flowers before they were blown.
tc'ort.
IRREGULAR VEKBS of all Four Conjiigatio«o.,
:-<*>-*«•-
INDICATIVE AIOOD.
I go into tHe country, and thou goest home.
n/!fr.
Thou aendcst thy servant to market.
fiivoyrr.
If T ac<(uire riches, T will use them honestly.
M^qiiCrir ■- oiiy'oycr.
1 I'ratc that woman, and she knows it well.
lair sai'oir.
I do mi acknowledge v.hat you say.
'O.ivcnir de
dire.
— so -
I
This hoy acquires knouletlgo every ^i\y ''
Xi .00!! as the judge goes out, I sit down.
Wo'Xm wntor whilst you drink wine.''""'"'' '"'■"■'' '"•
tioirc.
We do not kwm why they wiish tc depart.
ndL'oir vouloir
ffyou do not know your lesson, t detain you.
W'heuevor tKe boys' eon.e, they make a great noise.
r. . , ^'^'^i^ faire.
It 18 better to be virtiRnm than" rich.
valoir inieu.r..
T uish to leai-n my lessons, but they are too difficult
Nothing movc^ on earth without' the Viii of God
■v.' mouvoir.
Vou contradict what you say, a moment after.
'lyinlrcdirc ,iiy^
Vou conti.mally (tell) the san.e thing(over a«rain )
Tliese poor children do all thev can
fp. , ,, Jitire inuvoir.
Ihey now hold quite a diflorent lan^ua^e.
tenir. * '~
>V'hcu thou sittest down, thou movest tiie table
.„, , >i\um)ir mouvoir.
Ihcy know notlung, and grow very impertinent
..... ^'"/•'^'■'' dcccnir.
V\ hen the water boils, the lobsters die.
. boiiillir. .u^„,-,-,.
the flowers which I gather have rfine 'smell.
,. cuei'lir avoir.
I>u you never (speak ill) ofyour neighbors ?
m^'dirc.
Our sohUcrs acquire mucJi tame It (his war.
(iciiuerir, ^
w
> i
re It.
>rlir en.
?e.
alt.
_ SI —
IMFKKFKCT.
I had a sincere affection Ibi that youn<^ luan.
ivoit .
I>idst tluju not kcow that he was blind.
savoir Hrc.
Thou saidst that thou <iidst fear nothing.
'///•( cruindre.
8he was painting when I entered.
jcino'ie entier, (pvi't. di'f.)
We had nothing to do, and you kue-w it.
avoir afii.>rr savoir.
I knew that he was violating no la^v.
savoir citf>rii,th\':
We founded our opinion upon an old decree.
appvypr.
Vou lauirhcd whilst we were reading.
me tire.
We thought that you were sending him to Paris.
crolre emoyer.
It is likely that she did not know your reasons.
savoir.
Why did you run away ? were you frightened ?
s'enfvir. avoir pcur.
I did not know tlnit you were writing.
\ savoir Kcri<e.
We had i>*onie good rcason.s not to beleive it.
avoir. ?'»'^»* croire.
I
].»BKTr.niT INDtFINlTI'.
1 a<;quired little fame, an<l still less riches.^
'icqxu'nr.
I kept (my) world (with him) and i supported him.
ffyjir lui fioi/iPMir.
A3 soon as she <:anic, I wrote my letter.
vcnir. fxrirc.
Thou dids't not see hnn as long as he lived.
voir iant (fvc vlrre. ^
I went (to his house.) but I could not see hiin
atirr cJikz iui. poovoir voir.
He did not deny the fact, hut (kept silent.)
dixovivcnir ih' ^^^ '"''*'•
K'.'
"t,j
i^id wo not pj-oviuc for all Yds iie.'essitias ?,
poarvoir U
You told mo so, but I did not think it possible.
T "^ croire. ,
1 wtis present wliun tluit chilr] was born.
T J 1 , , naiirc.
I liad Fouie icoiible nt firtt, but at last I tools Iimi.
Ifi.'s genera l_coiK]ut'rc(i inauy provinee.s.
roiK/ifi' it,
1 \va.s H. tireJ, that 1 sat down on the gound.
mi , ,. , s'^'-'seoir.
^ liie hulm luoiD.selveB r^ewcd all the standards.
riM i-onlrc.
Ihey wanted to escape, but they could not
,p, '■''"•'^'■'; . ih) poavoir.
nmy wore iiunsty and drank all ilie wafer.
/' ■ / €.
We refolved to listen, and \vc kept quiet.
Vou were born dm-ing ihe Prench rfi\ro]ution.
naitrr.
At his request the judge put oft'tho execution.
>:iir>fcoiy. '
1 a,s«uve yon that we saw nothing of it.
f
V
I' uxor. K AND < OMU-rrOXAL.
I will go (and) tec v(hiv unele as soon as he conie.-^.
alley
Tiiou Shalt (send fjar) me, a,nd 1 will come,
W hen wilt nion gather flower,< for my sisters '.'
,^ , rveUHr.
V on f.iiall have licr ibrtunc when she dies.
v\ III It be na-c.<=«ary to call ycu several times ? '
^„. . fal'oir. oppelcr.
Hhs young n.fui will never (be worth) mu.h.
You ^hall j^ec 'iihat T will do wh^ he come?.
/
-- 8S -
The rain will dotaiii the courier several days.
retenir.
He will never be able to do this task.
poiivoir /aire.
Would it not be better not to say any thinw ?
valoir mieux dire rien.
This fiao house will fall to (his) lot. •
fchoir en (lui) partat/e.
(f he had more sense, he might become rich.
devenir.
iiiven if I could, I would not do it.
Quand meme pouvoir /'aire.
Wc would sit down, if we had chairs.
s'asseoir.
I will not always run after you ; it Avould be madnesil.
courir (.tre folie.
When I am a rich man, I will remember you.
ff''"- se souvinir de.
Tliey made a wager who could run fastest.
faire a qui courir.
This green coat will never suit you.
seoir.
It would not become me to lentreat her.
■ semr '^ supplier.
IxMPEIlATlVK MOOD.
(See in the Grammar,ob.«ervations upQii the verbs alter et s'en a/'er.
Sead thy brother to me as soon as possible.
Snvoyer.
Go (and)^ tell thy master th^t thou knowest thy lesson.
Alter saroir.
Let him know that I will never (see) him again.
savoir revoir.
Be thou a good child, and we will love thee.
£^ire ' aimer.
Go (and)' cany sqme of it to this poor old man.
Alkr porter {inji 71.) en.
Know ye that I am the Lord your God,
Sai'oir.
Let thcni not know what ypur design is.
savoir quil •
♦ And is iiot expressed in Freach.
'm
84 —
n . '
Go (and)* aocompany thy sister tliither.
*^llei- accompnijncf.
Have tliou the goodness to speak to him.
Avoir.
Let him go to that assembly, if he chooses.
Mcr vouloir.
Let tlic tyrant die by tlie hand of a slave.
mourir.
Let us know (how)t to moderate ourselves in victory.
sctL-oi)-. se moilt're.r.
Have ye the .courage to meet the enemy.
Avoir " ,]c allc.r au decant de.
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SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
PKESENT.
Must I go (and)* expose myself to death.
FaUloir que uller s'erposcr
I wish you to acquire some kiiowlcdiie of the world.
couhir acqutrir.
Jjct US prepare ourselves before she comes.
sp..t>rep<irer ,.enir'
I roviderl he does not wish to come with us.
vouloir
^'ou certainly do not wish your friend to die.
-. ,, , , i'Oi(Joir mourir.
1 tear lest some busiiiess .should retain him.
C mind re que . ,,e retenir.
Do you wish that we should go (and") speak to him?
vouloir alter.
V]v\\ must not prevail over good.
fVUoir que pri'va'oir.
'Supposing that it is not worth the trouble. '
■Eli mipposaiit valoir.
Although it does not suit us to buy this land.
coavenir.
What do they wish us to do in tfiis case ?
vouloir , /aire.
Although he cannot easily deceive me.
pouvoir. f
* And is not expresseil in French.
t How is not expressed in Fi-enoli. i
— 85 —
lie wants me to move this large stone.
I'ouloir que mouvoir.
The king commands you to make peace.
ordonner que faire
So that I receive what they owe me.
recevoir devoir.
Although he is (indebted to) me (for) his safety,
<lei'oir
It is too much, that I should beleive it.
fort pour que croire.
Although thoy do not wish to loose any money.
vo II loir
f -
TMPEPVFCT.
It would be well for me to depart.
convcnir (cond.) que s'en alter.
Whate.cr I did, I could not please her.
Q,uolque faire pouvoir plaire.
1 wish thou wouldst go (and) tell him to come.
voiiloir {cond.) que a'ler dire venir.
Lest the little bird could fly away.
pouvoir s^eiivofer.
What would you (have) him do ? that he should die ?
coitloir (imp ind.) faire mo^'.rir.
1 did it on purpose, so th<lt he should fear me.
fi^ire craindre.
He'reoeived no letters, though we wrote regularly.
recevoir ccrire.
Unless we should conquer all our .enemies.
vaincre.
We wish you would provide for oiir safety.
vouloir {cond.) pourvoir a.
Although my children were not yet ten years (old.)
avoir.
For fear they should not live long enough.
vivre.
I should be surprised if we (were to acquir^e) riches.
que azqutrir.
Although it was cold and it rained.
faire pleuvoir.
They ought to come and drink of my wine. •
fal'oir que vcnir et que hoire.
Unless we should detain the messenger
retenir. ® '
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i
Compound Tenses.
If I have acquired some ftme. it is because Ihave run ma-
ny dangers, and suffered many hardships.
n:j.. .1. souffrir. '^
" :Z '" ^^ '"^'^""'™' """J -Jid^t thou ever ofle.
to protect me 7 but % neighbour has shelteredll^d
clothed me. couvHr
vHir.
(We were very near) falling into the river
When the, had sat down, and after =i„g the oaths of
all persons present. '"'"'"■'■ . -
Scarcely had he re^ the paper which I had.givcn to him
When he burst into tears. . , remeUre
^Vhen we nad attained our end, we retired,
we had no sooner conquered and defeated the enncmv
A. soon as he had resigned hU situalioL
J , se demettr^ de.
have never drank any ,iq„or betbre, and I had resolved
never to drink any. >'e^oud,e.
Had not the judge acquitted him of that crime ?
Ti. . , . (tbsoudre.
It was said that we had hpafnn tu.
On dire -^^.^ ^^^^^^^
'''^^!"1'' '""^^'^ *^«* ^^"^^"''i "Ot pass.
I'ouvoir.
He
~ 87 —
If you had wished it, you might have seen me,
couloir pouvolr voir.
If she had believed what I had told hei...
croire dire.
Had we known that you had taken the tow^n...
savoij i>rendre.
It is true that you had not convinced her.
coiivnincre.
(I had been silent) all the time and he had laughed.
^e taire rire.
When she saw that she had been mistaken.
''o//" sc meprendn:
He asked me whether you had ground all the corn,
■ivifiandcr - moudre.
Tliey had not yet collected all their rents.
percevoir.
I thought they had acquitted all the prisonners.
croire absoudrc.
The woman had unsewed all the best carpets.
dtcoudre.
I will depart as soon as I have received my monc}-.
rcccvoir, (fui. p.)
When thou hast read and written, thou shalt breakfast.
^i>'e ' ecrire dejeune .
Me will have discovered the plot, (and will have kept silence.)
deco'tvrir je taire.
She will not have been able to pursuade her mother.
pouvoir.
Shall we have suflPorcd so many hardships, and shall our
s-'Oiiffrir
soldier::; have died ibr so bad a cause ?
i:iourir.
Yoa will no sooner have acquitted him, than...
(if'soudrc.
When you f^hall have dyed those clothes red.
Uiiidre.
After she has sewed five yards, .she may go.
couilrc pouvoir sV/j aller.
I shall not have sutiercd Sv4v;h evils in vain.
F^oiiff'rir.
I would n<>t'have come so far, had it not been for you.
* iC'ir ,?f cc.
I Hhould have wishod to oblige your con«!n.
i.-ou':'ir.
88
Couklst thou not have assisted this poor man ?
Pouvoir aider.
It would have been necessary, to dissolve the army.
f<illoir Hcencier.
Even if it had rdned all day, you should have gone to
Quand mtme pleuroir devoir ' aller
school and have learned your lesson.
apprendre.
Your father would not have survived such infamy.
survivre a.
Your sister would perhaps not have died so soon.
mourir.
Would you ever have believed such an absurdity ?
croire.
35ut for this storm, we should have beaten the enemy.
battre.
Is it possible that you (have 1been near) dying ?
faillir faillir.
Do not begm before I have sat down.
s'asscoir.
Although thou art impelled by no base motive.
mouvoir.
I cau say nothing bpfore I have seen my friend.
voir.
He was a hero, although he lived but twenty years.
vivre.
Do you imagine that you have convinced us ?
s'imuffiner convaincre.
He i:5 afraid that (we have made some mistake.)
craindre. se mSprendrc.
Although we did not agree upon those terms.
convcnir de.
I do not suppose that you ever drank of this wine.
penser boire.
Tliey arc gone without our knowing any thing of it.
* S(//'s <iuc savoir (pret. subj. en.
The hre breke out before 1 had discovered it.
fcc (Her decouvrir.
The judge came without my having summoned him.
^unsque (e?i) requerir.
Although i had taken all possiblo precautions.
prendre.
Before the man has discovered the imposition.
t\ipcrcevoir.
m
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— 89 —
We were waiting till the judge had Gh.:^A the sessions.
attendre clov"..
Although she had kept silent all the while.
se taire.
He condemned us without our having committed the crime.
comvietire.
You did not wait till we had read the letters.
I lire.
The rain came on, before they had ground all the corn.-
survenir moudrc.
Although these scholars had not known their les«ons.
savoir'
M » >
UPON VEilBS 1MP1CK80NAL.
Verbs are called ini2)Qrsomi or unlpersonal that are c-oi!-
jugated or employed in the ik/rd person singular only, sueli ^
vsU pleutytlfautM' \ but let it be observed that in French'
some ver-hfi personal are often used impersonally,&uch as : U
arrive, il revient, il tomhe ; while on the other hand a verb
naturally impersonal may occasionally be employed in a
personal form as in this plu'ase : Les favours y/cnvent <\\v.
cet homme.
It has rained Ibr the (the la^^t) twenty days.
".' fivvoiv f»>ret,^ dfjiuis.
There are men whom we must not oJiend.
!/ avoir fa'lof.
— 00
You should not have gone away' so soon. ■
falloir ■ s'en aller*.
We ought not to go out when it snows and freezes.
fallou nei</er apj^f
it does not become every one to be proud.
convenir ii.
Will it suit you to pay me what you owe mc '
conve/iir.
We long to see the ennemy and to attack them
Several candidates will certainly present themselve.-
T care very little whetherl am elleSri^o?"'^'"'
-■^lany thmgs arc said on'your account.
■ie dire.
We do not choose to have any business with him.
,^ , . pi^itre faire*
Notlung bad has befallen your friend.
ar river.
I Will never venture to speak to her ar/ain,,
arrivcr.
S.°"' "'"''" *"" '•""' ^^» P«»""g <ion.}
Many thmgs are done, which are never known.
You have no right to' interfere in this business
appartcnir se im-ler-* de
ti becomes you indeed to speak to me thus '
convenir hica.
(For the last) ten years I have not seen mv brother
linvoir j.Q.^.^. -^ ^' "-'•
X grand ball is to be given next week.
■»ir 1 1, di^voir sc donner*.-
A\ e .vljouM have intbrmed him of what was said
You did not choose to render me tiiis service"'"
p!nire.
Tiiis (is not the question) now ; it is too warm. '
.s (/</.'/• de /(lire.
\
♦ N. B —All vorhs, excer)t (hose niavk-.^.l u|th «\n -i^^H-; }. ,-\
to r ecinplcyt'd im pennon ally. ^ - - 1 n irn an a.^tcfi«k ( • ) ar^
91 —
^ 1 am very anxious that she should mary him.
importer epouser*.
Fifty bottles of wine were drank at the last dinrier, n«d not
se boire.
less than two oxeo were eaten.
se manffer.
Sevei"al weeks will elapse before his return.
se passer.
. Many things have taken place during your absence.
se passer.
Every day some new crime is committed in tins city.
se commeiire.
It will be the same with her as with her sister.
'en Hre ^ dc
The like has never beeii seen.
se voir. .
No snow fell this year, but it was very cold.
tomber faire.
Do you not long to be out of this place ?
ianler.
I often chance to meet this troublesome man.
. ^in^arriver.
I shall never again risk to ask him a question .
m'arriver.
We wants some paper, pens aud ink.
falloir.
If any unexpected difficulty should occur.
«€ presenter.
A^reat deal of business was done la&t week.
sfi faire.
People say that stones fell during the storm.
On iombcr.
May be he will ceme ; we must hope so.
se pou,\:oir que falloir le. ^
It would suit me better Jiot to pay that sum, •
convenir,
If I ever lend him any money again.
arrriver de prHer*.
Nothing new has happened during his* illness.
SQ passer.
XjC lo iUlllil lU iiicuuic mm ma xnixii::.
repugncr se rnefer de.
(
* Sf note at bottom of p. 00.
J
— 92 —
It did rain and snow for forty days and nights.
phiivoir neiger.
How much money would your friend want ?'
- falloir.
They had to amputate his arm and leg.
falloir lui le.
Nothing reprehensible was said in the room.
ie dirCi
It would have been more convenient for me to stay.
convenir.
What is the matter ? What is wanted ?
s-agir dt ' falloir.
END OF THE IXERCISES UPON FRENCH VERBS.
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Montreal : I)f. Moniigny ^ Co., Book and Job Printer
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