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 Tin: imi'1{()\'j'::mknt 
 
 01^^ AGRICULTUJIE, 
 
 AM) Tin: 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 OF JJOTII 
 
 HUSBANDMAN AND OPERATIVE, 
 
 MV JAMKS ANDKKSON, R s. S. A. .Vc, ^c. 
 The Canadian I\iriUt'i\'.' Joar/.ul. 
 
 M()XT]|i:,\].: 
 
 I'KINTKI) i'.V ]»,. MoNTKiNV A COfl'A.W. 
 I'nuU^. l,j til.. l!,K.i.l nf A-rirulfiio n|' [,.,u n-C,,,;,,!;,- 
 
f 
 
 
A GUI CULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL EXMIIUTION 
 
 {By (tutUorilrj ofllic Board of AgricuUure of Lower- Canada.) 
 
 THE impi^o\emi:nt 
 
 OF AGIllCULTUllE, 
 
 AND '1)11", 
 
 iLlevatioii in llie Social Scale, of both Husbandman 
 
 and operative. 
 
 HY JAMES ANDERSON, F. S. S. A. &o. &c., 
 
 J. Ilk' lrn|)(.Miul I)rninag(^ CommissioiVT in Seolland and Editor ot" 
 The. Cunadian Furmcni' Journal. 
 
 CUNTKNl'S. — huprovcnicnt cf .V:;i iculture. — KlijjiWlitj nnc! dignity of the pnr«nit — Na- 
 tiirnl emploviiiont of innn — Its tlrawhaokR. — Impolitic avoiilancc of the ploaatiiable. 
 — liiiluMriiil Kxliibition — its ends ami ulgtH.ts. — Canadian recognition of the true dig- 
 nity of laltour. — Our duty to Society. — ProviDcial Exhibition a universal benefit 
 
 llcckless experimentalizing ileprccated. — »Scienoe with practice. — flcology. — Cheoiistry. 
 — Vegetable Physiology — Animal Physiology — Insects. — Drainage. — Inexhauiitible 
 8oil8 — a fallacy. — Meteorology. — ilcn of iScienco, their non-acquaiutancc with practical 
 
 Agriculture Bound education, good sense, mid practice, the only proper foundation. — 
 
 NeatiitsH recommended. — Sulsoiling — Overworliing to be avoided — Slovenly practice. 
 — Thorough tillage and manuring. — Artificial manures. — Draining — State of Aericul- 
 turo ou this continent. — Advancement of Agriculture. — Self-sufficiency, an obstAole to 
 improvement. — The mechanic benefits equally with the husbandman. — Idler, an excreta 
 enco on Society. -Working man knows hi« position, and true value. -Narrow-minded 
 
 exclusiveneps to be deprccatp<l. — Goo<l farmini;', advnntagCB of. — Market Hardens 
 
 Cheap land.— Indian Kice.— Our future. 
 
 I have been rec)n»'fslt'd U) address you on the subject of the improvc- 
 riienl of agriculture, and the elevation in the social scale of both 
 huf»bandman and operative, and none more appropriate could have 
 been .suggested. N^o subject coidd have been named, more agree- 
 able to me jiersonally, and none with which I ought to be more 
 converfsant, laking into view the extent of my expcrienci! whether on 
 the American Continent or in Eiu-ope. If 1 should fail, I can, on no 
 pretence, s-cik shelter under the j)rete\l of ignorance ; nor shall I, in 
 any way, seek to excuse uij.-ell', hut shall be ready to confess myself 
 both impracliealile and unte'aehal)!e, and .shall be fain to give over 
 the attempt and conless to a lailure. 
 
 I shall not weary you wiih a long historical narrative, of what u'ii* 
 aixd what might have been. I shall not oec»ij)y your time in detailing 
 
TKAXS ACTIONS OT rilK 
 
 wliMl iiiav lli!'o:iL|;'ii >;irc-'s^iv(' ii'j^<'s, li ivi- iiiij)(".lc'(I or |)r()})('IU'(l its 
 I shall be conlciilcd lo coiil'iic iiiv-.'H lo u^/i(fl is, ami dc- 
 
 i)r{)_'rc-. 
 
 piMid lor cltu-id ilina ;):i \\ li d iiiii;t !)•■ i iiiiliar lo lli;' iiiajoriiy airionii^sl 
 vol I ;— to ill.' praclic il, ili'- cxo'Tmu mi! il aud l!i" ir'!i!li'ii''iii !''a"iiii'r, — 
 a-; \\r;l as to tlic 111 isit'r ;.!id (»;>i'i',!l ivi'. 
 
 !VC SI 1(1 
 
 el- 'wiiiM"'' lliat il 
 
 is ||"ij'!r|i!i \" Ir'i'll r' Coi.iMpaidi'tl 
 
 to lli" riiii,.M;'(it, a-- liia h:'.-! was lo ac(jii:!i' a o]'); iil^'ii l^ !io'.\ii'{|.;{' o| 
 fariiiinir, '*' liii'' liiiiisi'jt Oi'il lo a pracli.-a! I inih'r ; .111 I I w add add, 
 iilns !:HaU!s slionld -foin cniriiliy pciiidt of ii. to bfcoui" ;( [/iipil lo 
 
 iCSHl 
 
 ol !!!•■ 
 1)1. !!.•»' 
 
 !i Ilic laai>^' oi a 'j- 
 
 [i>\ iw.ic. icai 
 
 I IIIC 
 
 !t' can iialvi- clioict 
 
 valid })i,'( cp'or ; and siiould hi^ liia^ I'li! in |>l('a--aiit 
 
 \\ 1 1 ; 1 1 , 1 ■ (■ , ) 1 1 1 1 
 
 I" w dl '. iiio\ lilt' >i;;)''i'\isio!i 
 
 ail.-; ifacliin!.;- ol an i 
 
 hnii 
 
 lli: ah! I 
 
 11 his iii'~'rar! il II, I 
 
 1 h re, i.( a! a. .>!-i;i!i(; 
 vcrsa.'ion, aa.i riaaarl;- iliii^ii 
 vaii^'d lo. al ra'aclita". Ii" will. 
 
 .Njx'riciu t (I .\':i i>-iiliiii:-I,. w illi Cn riy ihiiiu" .aroiiiid 
 
 (.;ji |ji;;ciical and caoiioiuical. 
 i-~;l:-, and lopii-.s of con- 
 
 t and 
 
 ai.al inn'ri-l;ai! :■• 01 \ 
 
 (•i iroi 
 
 iii.mau'.'n'irn 
 
 aUf'n' 1 Vt' ol;,-rr\'.'r 
 
 ai;d ii^tciic 
 
 r[)iH'dII\' d'Tivc iiHudi li-ijal info, la ition. lie v,iil iind, if lie shoidd 
 j),'r--ist in roUowiii ,»■ out iii- -iialii'.--, ihal h'' !:a- m Icctcd a liiu' ol' lilc 
 wliich will pcrinil of his ijvln ;■ in ]);mcc, cond'orl and plcniy— wlicndti 
 
 he mav I),' (■na!)i('d ti» i' 
 coiinlry, > cnc ror;i;;i H; 
 aii'^iiii;" a loi'lunc. 
 
 t. < 1 M / < I 
 
 I coiMorti llcf 
 
 indi'f\i 111 tills new 
 
 I I 
 
 a > 
 
 I II )! l)ii'-</llt iha (•!• iiii'C oi' IT- 
 
 Ii!' ini'jroVv'ia '111 o! A jii-a!!iir,' is no! omv a / >.) 1 imii' in 1 
 
 isall' 
 
 hut doL'- it not •■i-i'iu so:ii"iliin4" liUc di< •!iari.'"'a ^' a f\"\)l of duty, wdicn 
 opportunily olit r-, to n'pav our oljlii^alioii o onr coimiaai Modicr : 
 lor dii>I w'l" arc, and lo ihc diisl v< c miist renin : \\v arc here Inil 
 
 ill our crvs; 
 
 -lal! 
 
 !)n! w V sliail piil 
 
 md repair lo die new lieaM-iis and 
 
 on (Uir V, lU'.^^ u\ fine season , 
 \.'\\-ea:ili which awail iis. 
 
 The 11 what more diijn ileal or pious cdlin:/ "oidd be ours, diaii ihai ol 
 vollcthoru'vuv Willi ihc Siijirciiic Kiilcr o! ihc r'niver.-' — he \\\\o 
 dwells ill ihe liiirliesi hravi'ii working' v, idi us — oi' whom wc luav sav 
 
 w liii min^K'd awe ami jmkI 
 
 riiou w atcicsl her iiirrows: llioii seii- 
 
 desl rain inlo ihe liliic \allcys dicrcof ; iho;: m.ikc-t sol'i w iih ihc drop- 
 of rain, and ble>seiii iiic iii;-rcasr o! il/' 
 
 'PI 
 
 lerc arc <(»iiic — ihc foolish and a ilhiitkiiiL.'- — w im hold many pur- 
 
 suits more haih)aral.>lc than AiiricidiuiH' : — but he, w ho is dailv and 
 
 hour] 
 
 v cheered with lii.,'!',! and, lif" llow iiaj from the fountain ol" true 
 
 liappMicss, can well all'i)rd to disivi^Mrd such di-iiarau,inL( opinions, 
 and forgot their babbling, — wiiiUt l;c lir-iciis w iili native rapture to 
 the inoriy songsters around him — maicinu- die hills lo rejoice, and 
 ghuldcning the vallc\ ,- w illidieir mclodv. 
 
 riie fanner is placc(L,beyond ihc vulgar lempialitins of the (dly 
 
 ence 
 
 He lives frugally — it iriay be — bnl coinforiably,an(l in indcpcnd 
 
 He does not expeet'to amass a fortune ; — but if ihrifiy. Ids means go 
 
 on enereasing, w itlioui his being siibicclcd to cxeilcmciit. 11" cares 
 
IJOAKI) ()!•" AC;RI(l'I/n UK 
 
 )'TV1SU»U 
 
 for the well bcini^ of liis (Icpciidiiiits — lor tlu- fdiicalion of liis I'li'iily 
 — I'or llic ])rc'ci()iis privilci^cs of reii;.fi<>ii jiiid iiciylilxnirliood. ;'.iid he 
 envies not thr WMsdlhy or the yreat — Ixdiiy- et intended wilh the ns^n- 
 ranee of enjoyini,'' mo(h"rale conilort while he |i\es ; and when (alh'd 
 on to hid adieu 1(Hh' fndd- ;:ih| seen •- he :-> t'>»ndly h»vcd, he re-^ 
 jojccs ii: Ihi' piM peel oi rejoiniiiii hi- depaiied iiii.'^hiioiir-. who va- 
 
 lue 
 ihat 
 
 iiiii \'. hilf ihes lived it- a Irnnd a'.ul ;i liroll 
 
 \N 
 
 io can deny 
 
 )l lih- lei.d 
 
 iL^' hell 
 
 nai ^alell a mod'' oi iiif leiai- lo niiK • heiicr men ami women, and 
 ii so, l)e;t<'r children lihi-wi-i . II'- -i^ every means of eonil'ort and 
 happiiic-- around hiie, lh.it a raii.ai;;! hejut eonid de>ire. Jle jj; I'l •(• 
 IrD.ii ih ' exeilemeii; ol' ill ' ei;\' — ■!V();;i the teiuplai ioa ; oi' radie.ilism 
 and iiilldeiily ; — and he i> prepnrei! !■) ^ii))ply the cili' . oT hi- eouiitrv 
 wiilinev.' I. 'lay.- oj' health and s't'njh wilh rohii-t and vii,'-.)ur- 
 i.ii:-: icerui!- — with a coiislani inMii\ ullVevh uiali-riid : — lor is it not 
 \'. el! known lli:!i ihe v<ay im n \\\\o toil ilnaciii wiih lii'' .'^rcalosl ener- 
 Lcy m\ f much t>i' iIk ir ahiliiy to do so to iheii' < ally eounlry Iraininif, 
 
 VN'e wi.-h lo show \r. iinr iiadei> the miitnid depeinh-nee exisiinir 
 hel\\(>en town and eounliw Can it Im' doubled that their true inler- 
 
 '■sts are and must eou!i!:i!c to he reeipi-" a! and in e(>mmon 
 
 Whilst 
 
 the I'^aiiiie;' lends hi-; aid lo heniiiily iip.d adorn ihf eaitli, he is rrpaJd 
 by the return which hi~^ labours alTord. .\nd who bi'come- th(> pur- 
 chaser ol" his sur[)lu ; prodne,- - f- it umI hi-. iViend ol'lheeity, who 
 supiilii^s to him in ( Ac.han'/e the many mcr-- iric-.s couilorts, and Uix- 
 
 M I 
 
 urn's whi<-h a prudi ii' cxpenditun^ e;u: nlion 
 
 The eidtivaiioii of the Cirm i- ili" natural emplovui''nf of num. 
 Ferha])s virtue sliould tiirive ilicre bes! — the body e.nd the mind should 
 bo developed mo U bona! ilidlw Thrn . temptations are the weakest, 
 — Jind social inlereoui'se i|;c simplest ,ind the sweetest : — there lil'e 
 Hows nu).>t IraiKpiilly, runs it> U)ni:i'e>; eoarx", — antl has usually the 
 happiest passa^'^e i.inl issues. 
 
 IJnt thonidi thi - oK'^/if to be sti-ii-iiy true. I'armin,:^ life, in its pre- 
 "eiu stage of eoiiipara.tis (• -social advaiuement on. this continent, lias 
 -lill its drawbae!>-;. How is it that so man\- are tempted away from 
 these fabled shade.- of biis: — lo ndiii^le with the busy crowd and be- 
 come Jorij^i.'tful if their fealty and devotion t(» naliire and lior enjoy- 
 ments? \n\' one, who is ae(|n lintcd wilh the >i\ li- of living amongst 
 ihi" cultivatois of oni- soil, know> well ihal there i- haril work, as 
 well as poeiiy, connected w itli the ancien! aial honourable calling. 
 Il is too ofterilho 'i-ase that, in rural <lisiriel:-, the o-reut man is the in- 
 tlividual who is mo-i di>tingui<hed for his umi-h-Ic and feais of phy- 
 sif-al .-trengll;, r.ilher than for intelleeuial eiidow, uients. 'To fell hug*' 
 trees — to mow acre- ef heavy gra>s in ilie (pii(d(cst time — lo raise 
 en(n'mous w eight.-— lo cnccII, when leisurt' allbrds, in athlelic exer- 
 <ises, — ilu'se are ilie achicvments which en.-.urc applause, and place 
 die \(iiidi foremo>! in llie raldvs of excellence. 
 
 .Now a C( itain part, and most would mihesitalingly say, the belter 
 pail of oiu- humanity repadiaUs ilic .award, — this glorilieat'un (.f 
 
4 TRANSACTIONS OF TflK 
 
 biiitt' ftttiv.-'i^tli over mind and liearl. And the wile seconds her lord 
 in his cstirnat*?, and be^in.s to lind the relinernenl of her wonianhood 
 rebel au^ainsl a constant round of nn varying' dnidj^'ery. S\io. cannot 
 a!)ide tiiat lh«' mran.'i >*\\i)uU\ be <!()nf<)unde(l with what t)n«^ht to be 
 Veiraitled as the f!/u/. ll is this I'eelin'^ so eaily develpjxMl, which 
 makes the youni< ol" both sexes r|uit th(^ lann in disi(iist ; they bei;onie 
 enchanted with the piclnres of town life they eain-rly devour in book?, 
 and ol" wiiieh they are jXTiaitted oeea-tonri! ii;lirn))ses at lairs and 
 merry rnakinjj^s, and their yonthl'id l)«>>(»ms swell with the fond, and 
 too oi'len delusive hope, that by rep.iirinijf to lliese elysian scenes, 
 iheir labour may seenn- tlieni hiufher reward-; lh;in the dull lif(» ol" 
 the country ian allord ; and they hope, ro revel in unknown bliss 
 durinij; the happy period of acquisition, 
 
 On most farms there is a ijtudled avoiflanee of ornament Kvc ry- 
 thing is arrani^ed with a view t«> utility. Our sense ami api)reciation 
 of the beauliful — whicdi is interwoven with our very being, — though 
 for want of opportunities of education, it may hv. partially dormanl 
 is left nolhing to feed on — nothing to dole on ; but it seems as if 
 studied pains were taken to disgust with every combintilion mosit un- 
 interesting and repellent. From the cellar to the garret — from the 
 garden to the neglected way-side — in cuiyhiCj in social interconse, — 
 in everylhing — we have a studied avoidance of the attractive, — and 
 noui,dit is deiiied but work — work — work. 
 
 \V'ith the light of the nineteenth cenliiry, young people long for so- 
 ciety and improvements, and naturally recoil from the tedium and bar- 
 renness, from the hopeless and endless toil without some interchange 
 of the intellectual— the pleasurable. If their natural and commenda- 
 ble tastes cannot be gratified on the farm, young people will persist 
 on going elsewhere, where even the trans iction of every day business 
 seems to have about it some thing ol the pleasurable aiiractive to the 
 unsophisticated denizen of the farm. I shall endeavour to convince 
 my tyro-readers that diis need not necessarily be the ca.sc. That af- 
 ter all, — the farmer's life ought to be the most aiiractive and pleasur- 
 able. 1 shall place within their view the easy means of innocent 
 recreation and enjoyement; and deem that in thus providing for their 
 permanent comfort and improvement, I am only performing the duty 
 of a faithful Agricultural Mentor. 
 
 I hold it to be my duty to furnish my Agricultural friends of uii ago» 
 in the country with every useful aid in their profession, — culling what- 
 ever is most valuable and of greatest practical interest,- -whether in 
 the discoveries of science bearing upon their pursuits, or in the opin- 
 ionr>, and practices of leading Agriculturists. I shall conceive it to be 
 my duly, at the same time, occasionally to make such suggestions and 
 remarks as will tend toform the judgment of junior aspirants on the best 
 models, in combination with the judicious use of all such valuable helps 
 as well selected books and a sound education are calculated toaflford 
 them. No man can succeed in life who does nol take a pride in his 
 
noAiii) OF A(ii{i( ni/mii:. 5 
 
 calling. It is ihi". whicli iM>j»!u's wiili ,\ ;r, nt'ious cinnlitiiun, cncou- 
 riif^inii^ tlio voiillilid ;i>|iir;iiil, iUid l«:uli|i^- liiai oti— \\l:i) ci.'i I (.'11 - to 
 receive one Jay 'Aw iii.tjli ivwanl w! ilu* i:i\ic crtJWii. 
 
 It has hc'.cn liuiy ^ liJ iliai iaM'.l. lir irf,an(l iti<Miri)i^i>, il,'.! llircc jj^ran;! 
 scats of iri'iividiial jvjuci, — llic (}ii.( »iis of llu; llin c Miprciiic ibrt'cs-- 
 tlicst;, our aiul all in liarinotiious aclioii, coiisliiiilc llii' coiniilclr Aj^ri- 
 culiiirist and .Mi:c:iiuiii(-' — die Iiui' uiui nurlci-! lua;! in i;vi.'i\' M)iiert'. 
 
 Thp sipjiroacJiiii ,' 111 iiblii d K.-lditiiida is an lM>liltitc di-fwvciii:;^ 
 the rarcsi wisdom, — a piihli^- Kdiic;i!'.r -an lu^iiiiitf of i!i--ir!ict;()ii lo 
 ail (da.<st!.«i. and la '.v!iii!i ;til ci.issf.s ^llwldd (•(>r)|v,:ra!(' and |iaiii< ipMc : 
 — alibidin;f, as it \\\l\ do, to l)odi, rccijiror; 1 |'»i'.'a.-ii:c. piulii, .md iti.-- 
 tru;',!ion. lis avowed piiidir oIjjccI is lo >' niidal'i 'ind (juic'-.cn iii- 
 vcniion ; 'o i-nlivcn and k io.hj): n-i' the ccar-cir ■>; toil ol ',i;;!icn! 
 (lrn<];/vry ; — lo (Miconra (c soui <iciw<'.s;iii!^ ronlin;* \'.ii!i tlic !:onc o|" 
 reward ; • !o rrnd*-*!' o\ I ta.dc wnjk b' aratdv- ; lo rai v tlic t.-iu' ol' his 
 chaivu-li-r, and \]Ia\\/.i) and (jniid^c!! llif --park of laiidaii!'- aini.-ition in 
 th(.' dnil and liif c oiira^cd op('rati\c c/f cvi ry (las.-,— foiiiM ily w iih(.'nl 
 tlio propped wlialr.viT his iiicril, '•;" a; hievini^ p('r.-<>ii;!! di liiiciion in 
 his ('.rail ; unh'ss indeed hy .Mani,' r;.«; and foiluna e accident ; !<> 
 forward du* objccls, an. I advance tli<' main pnrpo cs) (,[ (jvili/ation : 
 in rj woril, !o jict, at once, as the Ivhaalor and Uincd'aclor (if society : 
 — an'ovilin:^ a liP" indcN of ihc pojiii! a* l)cnl : — as a tiuthfid rtdlcclion 
 c»l the j)opahir ta ^ic and jj^cnius in du,- conntry, — so siij)rcnicly l)l('r«l in 
 its naiiu'al le.-ow-e ;>i,d in ilic Idendcd naliiral \iL;'ou! of its popula- 
 tion. 
 
 It i'5 cloar, on the pniallesl ndh>ciioa, dial no more (dTc-'nal njcfirs 
 covdd he devised for the ahieiioraiioa of society of cvciy grade. IJy 
 stirn'.datinijf invention, you ar(> doin:^' \()ur h<>sl tow.iids i!ie practical 
 inc,idcati(jn of the lundaniental rule ; for \\-( 11 diiccied indusliy ahme 
 can en-;iire permanent cond'ort and in.lependence, while il is dii- best 
 gnarant(re for t Ik; attainnient f)f the most cjivii'tl descri})tion of K.'spec- 
 tal/diiv in » connlrv, wherein llm vast inaioritv are doomed, for many 
 a flay to com'\ to srdv-isi, in the literal sens*', l.-y the sveal o{ t!i(! 
 brow. Is it not (dear, then, that in no c> ui.iry could such an Indus- 
 trial Exhibition b(> mere desirable, or comnK^ndable — bel'ar adajited, 
 or more, suiied to lh<^ actual rcipdn'mcjils and social and econoirdcal 
 necessities of the jxipulation than in our Province of Canada, which 
 nov/ sees dawning' upon her -in family parlieipation with her i-nvia- 
 ble Sisterhood — the <dorions future of a distinct Nationalilv. 
 
 By slininlaling industry, you are taking the simplest and most di- 
 rect course U.w'ards improving the material and so(Mai condition of 
 the p(;ople. IJy the jirai-tice of industricms haliits, the operative wil» 
 bo enabled lo lodge belter, — lo fare better, to dress better, -and lo 
 educate to greater pt-rfeclion himself and his children ; him*:elf by the 
 aid of Public Libraries, Mechanic's Institutes, and Private study ;-— 
 
G 'ruANSA("ii()\^ or TIIH 
 
 an I hi- cliiMifii, |):iiliy by llic iiifMii-; we li.'ivc iniliiii'cd, jii'.d Ity cin- 
 hraciti^' llic (»i)|)tMiiiniti('> of iti>Miii('liim allordcil hyo' r I'tililic St*!i'iol< 
 iind Ciillfi;;'.-., an I 'Ik' InrDiiiialioii lor llic I'cojilc, row |)iibli>!i»'(l and 
 ciiridalt'd so \vid( ly ai a vny modcralf price ; — so as lo be, a^- nearly 
 its |Mi>>i!»!e, v.illiiii die i<'ae!i ol'a!! v. lu) ni iv be ill i|ii(>-:| ol'il. 
 
 It 
 
 is a (di ii.aJer:^ 
 
 ic lea 1 1 ire oi' I he Liriii ol'socieiv ni)d« r \\hi(di ^^■ 
 
 live, ihal there )•< a dl-tiiicl recoijnilion ol'lh'' Iria di<(nily ol" laboni. 
 The hiz\ d: lllal;o^I|e iiM\ lalk |)atroi'i/iM'.,dy ol" dial portion oC hi-- 
 lell(U\- men w hi(di he i-> piea-(-d jiolitcdy lo -tyie the " working" (d.i>- 
 >e«"', — in contradi^iiiiclioii, of course, to ihe iu(r,c !av(»nred eo::i])eeiv: 
 <il a;- ')\\ n ijiiie^eent .••Lite <;!' o'.'idii sine dli^iilUtlr : — he i:iay l>id loi' 
 their lavoi.r a-- a |)'iiiiiei, ii — lie niny con'h'sc'nd ;<» lltiller, as he >np- 
 j D'.es, Mice'--lei!y, their i:ai'iie luii\ian \ .riily : - iuit tlie inlelli:if('i:; 
 Al;i ieiihin i-t "usd Mei-hanie, he iaay iei\ on ji.- p iord(duded mortal, 
 — ha< disejiiiiinaiiun and p-r^picaeity ( ii";i;.;h t'» rale his eoiiipIiii!cnt> 
 :ind daiteiie-; at thi ir true sahu-; r<co^nisii.i,'. the nictivc and 
 li> pr )inpliii£i"-^ ; — ;irel v.ilK -'A wih-c, turn widi ,';;.iii1iid'' and liope 1<> 
 Ihr true p.iirii.i -xwA lover of his s])ei:les, who, by the elieo!ira;,n'nier,i 
 of -^iieh d •iiioii>ira' .on;, as oin Piovineial IvKhibitiiai,- siU'h jiibileo, 
 I I lnnd;eia)"l, — sneh ovations of patietii and siieces.-fid indiislry,— 
 
 iT'iiiiis a;:d di''idtv of laboni', as wonhl f: 
 
 stien eoi'i •nal i.ai ■ ol 
 
 in 
 
 exa!! thr w oikin r iMin 1' iii> Inr- and in. riled posi;i.i'i m Society - 
 teatddii;: hiiii to re>p''fl hini-eb, w iiile his i.lir-tin^'nisii(>d <..;' nius arid 
 ]t tfieiit industry are e.sloriini; plaudit:- ami resj-.ed IV an the pnblie 
 \oiee ol his I'oir-'iMiMn J .\n.\ i^ruUd'ul eonnliA men. 
 
 Tiif lie.o. \\., i)ldIo-en'i('r. d;e staleiinn. 
 
 ilie :• ,1 
 
 n!, ine a'i:ri(M;ii"i-|-i. 
 
 "!■ jO'eiianie n^nsi, aliu', '•.'in die civic crown T.y ;; p.rn.lenl and pcr- 
 sevei in:^- excrci- e oi iadii.-!, V and virtiK', Wo iid, alii^e, I'ontend in 
 the '^'rt'al oublie arena, in \\ hieli we (Ind oiir-.(lves aecidentaliv 
 
 ler l" 
 
 OrMCed 
 
 or t! 
 
 .vrilininle :;\va!(l 
 
 Ol 
 
 in. 
 
 inil in oiT 
 
 o 
 
 tn-ere die peihiali' 
 
 d:iL( of a - iipt\inlei;diii!i' a:;d aitpr( '. in; 
 
 l''ov ideiiiCj we iii;i;! iioi rdnloil'ii! in wcdl-doir,'^. — but ujo.si be (>n- 
 eouia:r''d, even in --;)!!(> of 
 
 renealiMJ ^nee/><>es or 
 
 erses, \o l'o on 
 
 (>\-(>r«;(< 
 
 .•■ieadily iind ]>ei -e\ eriniilv in die honorable course of toil. iVoni ])('V- 
 !' eiion :o peifeclioi! — lor oer own Iioiku' and laodi', and llie lastini^' 
 iiencdll ol' our fellow men. We !mu>1 not. v. 'die still in our prime, be 
 (jeiivered o\cr into a compidx'iv or iiixioiou.s sloth; we mnsi not 
 hide our candle beiHNith a bndiid, drpriviii'.:: ourselves and oliit'rs o! 
 
 Ill" ii-'ierous 
 
 lit,d)t '■\lii(di a !ii'.;!ier powei' has iiulid^v nt!y eniiiisted to 
 (Mir l\> epin^r : — but l;e (jui(dv to i'h oiL^ni^-e ;)ui- uii!iiisnd;eab]e (Uiiy, iti 
 whalcNv'i .-pheio w t> m.iy be p] u-ed, whicii undoid.tc dly is toexeit oni 
 f.tcidtie> ami endownicii'- to the nimost for the advantage of the So- 
 ( ieiy o|'\\|;ii-h we iiave be<!i made to fonn, diom,di not a solitary — 
 ye! bin an Jnsi.'^nilicant unit. And ald;on;:ili it takes many drops tc^ 
 I'Thi the o<-ean, yet v.c should not wdtliliold our pvtlf po^'.rAblp. ; l)i:it 
 heartily, (dieerfidjy, and coididing'.y con!rii)ule our mite, however 
 small, towards ihc great aicijreoati; c)f industrial (dfori, wliicdi hni 
 
 •■?'.'-)' .-.I 
 
 dik'', the pride and material wealth, of every great and progrossi 
 'omrnonhealtii. 
 
 ns. 
 
fiOAKi) ov .;<iiiK ri/nui:. 
 
 I l)y I'm- 
 • Si-li')ols 
 ^!M•(I iiiid 
 1^ »ic;irl\ 
 
 hie!! w.- 
 
 
 lnlxMii. 
 
 •1^ 
 
 n of hi- 
 
 1 
 
 Hi.;" <;i'i^-- 
 
 i 
 
 •0!ll])i'('|^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 V bill I'oi- 
 
 1 
 
 ilclli:^<'i'.! 
 
 
 .1 nioital, 
 
 S 
 
 ;)!iii!(.'iit> 
 
 9 
 
 li\»' and 
 
 9 
 
 hope li" 
 
 8 
 
 •ii.'^cnicni 
 
 8 
 
 jiibilco^ 
 
 S 
 
 Jii.'Uy,— 
 
 1 
 
 >\\\(] l:iin 
 
 ■ 
 
 Socic'ly - 
 
 fl 
 
 liiis niid 
 
 .fl 
 
 ' nnblic 
 
 :fl 
 
 (Mili!'n'-i, 
 ;!ll(l jHT- 
 m'.rinl ill 
 ;fl''!i1;il!y 
 ordf r lo 
 'pn vinir 
 4 he (Ti- 
 Iv^ j-r<) on 
 oni ])('V- 
 • luslinij 
 )riiiii', b ■ 
 iinsi no\ 
 otht'i's of 
 1 listed t<> 
 (IliiV, in 
 
 (WClt OH! 
 
 ,lllic So- 
 
 olitary — 
 
 dtoprs tc>- 
 
 ihh ; but 
 
 llOWt'VCV 
 
 b I'Mins. 
 
 111'' a|»iirt)ijcii!i!'^ P.oviiicla! Mxltibiiidii j'. a .•/ical \aii<ii.d or'^-ni- 
 sation — havitiLC lui ii nlijri-i flc cii-niirairfMiM'iit ;t)i ' rcwarl nf Indii-'- 
 try ores, ly dcxi ij(ii.>ii. It i< rl.ar iVuiii ili ' lew , (»rds >v r lia\'.' s.iid 
 it iiii'iils ii:r a|i|):M\ i ! ,iiid cacoii ra.T iti'iit i if all ••ias'^cs. Tii'-y ciiMot 
 f'lil 111 rsroLMii-c. ii! ii - ub|('(l and iniriitioii a r •cipr- k-uI iiil('!">.,\\ liirl! 
 (Hiiflil lo (wiiii ibr nidy tiaic and la-liii;,'" b.>ad in every \\ ; l!-e«ai.-liltit- 
 cd -^uei'ly. 'I'ln- iiaae lVe*|nfl)l die«e deincMI.-i raliour^, — llii' nioie iVe ■ 
 (|Men'l\ and cleaiiy v, dl all id.iv-'v-- be bri»nt,'lil lo '.vH-o'^ni-e lieii' ae- 
 Know lediL'i MM lit oMii" '^leal liniii li al ll.i Inn 1 eatniiil >ay to !l;e !e ad 
 nor llie lieail ;.) llie I; iiid- u"o to — I have n:i mad ol ibee ! 
 
 ('nine iliea — ; i\r and al!. ,!tiiii licail aiid liand in llie cleb.a'ion 
 Ol o \- naiioMal .labil.e, oi ,i lii,-ii o i ■ a\\ ! dl liave aw individual — i y, 
 afid a Ira lei nal iiilen',-. . 
 
 It is !n!>.dl_\ d-'t-'d !.!ej l!<>j)fd i!i ;i ibe aijiicnllnral eNliibiijoii v. ill 
 eoiiie ii|) to— il' it -lioidd iiol ( \ee|. all l*"nii"r y>ao'.;. 'Il.e raeiliiic: 
 tor 'lie iiiipoi-jalion i !' -loei-. iV'Uii l'.;',ii.;n r;)nii!ii"<, as well a^e^ery 
 
 new 
 
 INI 
 
 |l.ci(< ill .\ •<! 
 
 ea.iii'ral and i iw,l I'Miliaial Setal, atai 
 
 11!;-, and 
 
 Oili'H ol ll'llti : I 
 
 I A'''i iiMiiiiiral :ial ) b'li i(Miiiiiral ini;)!( nienis, an 
 
 now s. » iiaiiieroii.--, dial il v.duld ■.•ilee'i 1 e ;>lra'i' ,' if adv;;nlai;> 
 slionll no' !•'• !a],( il (>r ilaaii lo lla' aliiio-!. Notliin;^' • li;iil b- waniiii'^!; 
 my jiail lo !o rj) (air ai^Maiadnni'is ^/,M'o/'rt//i/ of ail di il i--- LC(iin,i;' 
 
 on 
 
 on anion;;-! n- in llie v>,"a\ la la/iaiahle and wiil t 
 
 ina>t-i)\ (•- 
 
 lU'-ni; 
 
 Tl 
 
 lonirli \\a> depicMi, ijait insaliable ilcbin.'j lor iio\ l;v, 
 
 ll'at reekles'^ o. -ir- i >r exp' rinienlali/ilii/, — \\ |ti(di, in Irni'j, di ■ci, iira- 
 i:e-^ ;ind re; ;iil< .nb aniia! iiiip-dv.nirMil — liy di-a-ed !;!:"_;• ibe pvoj)a- 
 tiation and adojajiai ■>!' di ;l ^w iiii a i. liiils \ainab'e ; \\): i.y { nc!)!'- 
 ra:^in,i; eiiij .|y pn i, n- ii.ii and Irearbeioio deeep'.idii, in llie j-aine 
 
 l>r> alli III u aieli \oii lai 
 
 liial'Ir .ii- etn.', a- 
 
 pr li;- w on!iy a(]aj 
 
 l)!;i- 
 
 tioiis or ;;pj;iiea:*.'i!- I'f praedral >!.id, — yoii are d dib'.'raU ly and el'- 
 
 tVa-lnallv. !': ii,<r|i, 
 
 la.iN' 
 
 iin.l ^i'.';aeiii\- nii \i 
 
 np Irnt!. wi'.li 
 
 ( rror ; l!ir-! 'aedjc- |\ lo:deiiii;jf aiii eneai;ra'j"iii;: i»ol!: ;;■ l!;'' laiir 
 
 iiionii'iil ; 
 r.-ndrr ilin 
 
 nd voti :i.re iii inii'e-l !v ;:ii/in';^ the inort (dle;tii;il 
 
 ill .o 
 
 bd ;uid jn<liriti!i> ini ii di^•lr.isii'^l olCvei v iliin'.( n./v< 
 
 — *lio\ in leans e e- -. il- .doplimi ;ai...dit be paoiinetive ol' malerial 
 
 \\.\\'' l;.Mlil. I 
 
 ano ihini'M 
 
 to I'll- :-iiOie." at a |e 
 
 iti i\ p." !i ip >•. e iie,-a>io!i 
 ! 'line. 
 
 .1 .., I 
 
 \, aiM''' lo iiM i:r 
 
 I am iTi"-t 
 
 (*( iianiU I'l 
 
 i»l tliO^iC. Ill 
 
 llii> advane''d ai-e 
 
 w bo ri •(•0^111 se ijir iirco^ilN I'lM' (( >aibi iiini;' M-iene<' w idi piaelietv - 
 and rlinaiailv and fianidv a kiiowlrd^e lliat il will no Ioiil'im" (io '■> 
 nl}''cl a cwaleiiipt lor ilh' -I'u iie;,^ ill ibeir prari-lieal vidaiion to Agii- 
 
 enltnre an 
 
 I the All^. W I: 
 
 I eail (ii)i 
 
 especially, die wamd 
 
 11)1, (b.iin.^- llu pre>i'n 
 
 I c-enliir\' 
 
 er 
 
 rai r\ i 
 
 lie de\( Ii'pmeut and pa'aetical ap- 
 
 plieation oi'llie M-Irneo have bad on die v.; II bein',' and (m\ ili/alion 
 of" the \V\(rld. And Auri* nliiuc in iiio--l eomitries lias Immmi laiiridy a 
 parlakrr — bi;! da- lull nadixation, lli.ait>b soinewlial (bdayed, is evi- 
 dently at band. Tlie perleelion, lh<ai, of ilu- uiort- praetiea) |)arls of 
 tbe proO's-iiai, iiisiiaid of staiidinii" iiidi pendent or exebidin^" die s(i- 
 rnlifu; braiahe-, llad- iisclf niaitdy ilependeiit upon ilieia ; and diey 
 
H 
 
 8 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 
 
 progress hand in hajid rejoicingly, much lo their mutual credit, and' 
 benefit. 
 
 I 
 
 I' 
 
 Wiilunit onterinc; into any ionj^jthy, tiresome, learned di.^cu.siiiou,, 
 permit nu; lo say, that though it is no doubt Iriic that i1k; Siuocest-rui 
 cidfivation of the soil is now ;idays, undiu' tlie most approved sy.;iem,;, 
 rnainlv dej)endent on Organic (jiiemislry for its :.;v,ccessfid cvdtivation, 
 tlicri' iu*(! oilier sciences which arc ecjoally its tribut.uies, and, a- 
 inongst these, Geology, vegetable Physiology, ;nid Zoolno-y. There 
 is no emp!e»}nient which ciubraces so ihoroiighly the Icin^niom of Na. 
 ture. and in none w ill the iniluenco of science be nK^re bencjieially 
 foil, i have, tdscwhcre, more than once Jisserted, thut on this nc- 
 conn!, the object of the iiilelligent agricuiliiri.-t in Iracing their relation, 
 should bi\ not aiouc i'nr the purpose; of icndering Iho cultivation of th(; 
 soil more prodnliv, but for the ))urpo.-.e of (\xerc: ••in;T nndslren-^'lhen- 
 ii)g the n llective powers— and c-t' elev.Uing and canobling the order 
 to whicli he belongs by muking ac(juaint:in(.c on f.iiailiar terms, 
 and associating all that is at the sami.' tiint; elevaling ;inti useful, and 
 may tend to di:-!i;i5(ni.-h uiid adorn ll;e eeonomie and s.(;eial fahiie of 
 Canatliaii A;rrici;ilture. 
 
 Tiie soil is the first care of the husbandman. This ho tills, culti- 
 vates, and reaps the reward ol" his l;d)0!U-. Soils are of inorganic 
 f-lructiire, and are derivetl from lla^ rocks wliich und.ilio tiicm, or 
 have been 1ran.-pi)r1cd from a distance l)y tl;o agency of water. This 
 aci'.oun'.s for the dilier.'nef.'"^ v. liich are obr-erv;ible :uuongst soils in 
 difi'erenl districts; hence al>o ib.e slri!:ing simihirity by which llu.'y 
 are found lo be characterized over large areas. Fv an da; crumbling 
 of th(> grnnite, we have a coarse sandy soil ; froin fr:!p, w(; have an 
 open htun, usually rich and fertile; '{rr,m slate rock, a clny more or 
 less cold, stilfand impervious; fiom saudslone, an open and oflcn a 
 hungrv soil. Does this not d(;m()nstrate the intimate and prar-licall^ 
 useful connexion between Agriculture and (Jeologv? So th;U a maj) 
 indicatiiiji by diifcnMit colours iIk; areas (;overed h,y rocks of diderenl 
 kinds and ages might be en;d)led with sniuc; cerlainly lo predic-t the 
 general nature, cjipabilities and limits (jf the several Hoils lo wliich 
 liie fr!igmenls of these several rooks gave ri.-:e. 
 
 But not only are j^huits, stones, and :uiirnals nnUually dependcit ; 
 they actually resemble cat h other in their niilure and (diemieal oonfi- 
 position. They ea^-h, indili'euMUly, cojisisi of matter organic or inor- 
 ganic — combustible or ineombustibh;. For instance, in all our first 
 class soils , capa))le of sustaining u long siu^cession of the more valu- 
 able crops of agriciuiture without cessation, we find, an appreciable 
 quantity often or eleven difi'erent chemical substancMs — viz., potash, 
 soda, lime, magnesia, aluminn, silica, iron, manganese, svdphur, 
 nhosphorus, clorine. Soils thus eonstiluled — with ihe constituents 
 properly proportions i, — require no manure, and we find many such 
 examples of virgin soils, over large areas, in all our colonies. Hut I 
 
BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 9 
 
 roilit. and" 
 
 lill.s, culli- 
 
 inorganic 
 
 ,' ilicm, or 
 
 ^■(•r. This 
 
 •1 ^•()ils in 
 
 Inch ihcy 
 
 cnuublinri^ 
 
 o havo an 
 
 y more or 
 
 lid ol'li-n a 
 
 radically 
 
 h:il a map 
 
 r (lill'crcnl 
 
 >rcdict Ihc 
 
 to which 
 
 cpondc'.it ; 
 Tiical com- 
 lic or inor- 
 11 our lirst 
 more valn- 
 pprociablc 
 z., potash, 
 , sulphur, 
 on.stitiienVt^ 
 many such 
 ies. Hut I 
 
 -i 
 
 iSCUS-olOU,. 
 
 
 jiuccest'i'ui 
 
 
 1 syoUMTiM, 
 
 
 dtivation, 
 •;, iuk], a- 
 
 
 y. There 
 nil of Na. 
 .•nc'j'icially 
 ni this ac- 
 
 It 
 
 ir rclalion 
 
 lionof th(! 
 
 Irongthcn- 
 
 llic order 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 iar icrm^S 
 
 scful, and 
 
 
 I iahiic c'i 
 
 \ 
 
 must now romirk, th;it lh(^ plants which grow on soiis, on a <i!oi(ii(':d 
 analysis, arc fuund to contain ^^onic nine or ten dilli'rcnt sMhstanc.'s, 
 o.^ac'ly ilu! saini' in e\fry re-p'^cl with the inorganic j)ait oi' the soil 
 itself; and tin -.i- sutslitn'.n^s arc ileri\i'd ilKM-(rfi()m ; so it is ( leyrtiiat 
 every 'uiiiid >oil rrtusl ci.niain them in swliicionl (piantiiy, il" plant,--. 
 are t( grow in a licallhy condition u))on it. Some ])lants contain 
 more of one subHlance ihun another — some more lime and magncNia 
 — otiiers more polasli and soda — -ollicrs more sulphur, or piio»p!;oru-, 
 <i«- cloriiie ; — so tliJ'.t Nature's law will hold good that t)ne kinrl ofciop 
 will ahslracl from the soil more of oiie kind of inorganic niatt("r than 
 another : and sorn(^ other crop, of seinf other. And h''\c. we have dis- 
 tinctly pointed out. the nccf-S.-iity for having iri-.oiir.c to ro'alitais oi' 
 cro|>s — in otlar words a svu^cession o!' ditiier(;it crops,- — in order ;o 
 develojOe and })rescrve, without d.'terioralion, the n'.ti\e or jucjuiii'd 
 ferliii*y of tiie soil. In oiiivr to a fii'l and vigorous i;i<>\\lh we. \n\\r,[ 
 f^tudy the cianp'ete adaptation of tin; von.;li!u<. nts oi' !l:c plant lo llie 
 c;ons!ii:t.'nis of iiii^ soil on whie!) we woidd grow il. It it should be 
 e\ltausl<.;(lj- -■•A'c shall sav lloiri ova ic ■■']>j)!nir,- of any o! lac i;eee-sarv 
 ingri'dii'uis, il Wv.>:dd 1>:' pnidenl to li.; oar i;''st lo .-opp'y \h< m '')v 
 manuring or icp dressicg tjclovc vca'iiri"; i^ any ^|'e; i 1 <-!-op, r'-ni'ririg 
 their nrest-nce. VV\' oaidn lo labour to .'Ui;!>lv lie: ti:In-js \vhi<h al 
 
 1 Ilk 
 
 our ci'ops, or any special crop, in al; Iheir pa-ts, cdiijoin ly carry oil". 
 Is il not deer, then, thit Organic CIk lui.-ty has iiiach ;o lio v.';;ii die 
 faccessful pi'osccuiion nf .Vgricuiii.rv as a pK.tbssion .^ 
 
 Rut sm\dy we oiiglit. to Unnw M)iii"tii!iig of tin' slriiemre of 'he 
 
 til" l::nrtio"i- 
 .1 
 
 t Ill's.' v)i'L^',ais a;-:; 
 
 pianis Y/i! (!u;ii\at<? -iin.r o-gaii-. an 
 
 (tailed on IM dis(diar;.n'. y.K)\v these lu'e of iwa cla:^■e.• — those essen- 
 tial to the v.geialioa and gr'awth of ilie plant, and t'i'v^" ( s^enlial to 
 its repro Ineliou and propag ition. i iir lir^l ate t";---^-'iry ii),'- the as- 
 Siinihtlive "proe* -•■' — loi the eoi'.ver-:;ai of ihr- erode jniee iiitoi'ir living 
 vi'gctalde t>rgani'm —;•',)'.] is an dagoii.- lo iln digrstive, cieadalory^ 
 and respiratorv oigans in Ih" aNimai kingd'Mi. 'I he !o(j!. ;d>-oibs in 
 a state; of .soluiion, --t!i"' nuTiira! sub?^;atir-es coM.getdal U) the pi int, 
 ntid ael.s a.-* a re>»'rvoir <if i'ouri'hiiK r.! ihr t!ie plant t'le follo'.ving 
 f.'i.lnLT ; — c^tHN'iallv in :h'' <••;•-(' c' i.ii'Mi;iai i.! Mils, liie ;-;em fofi .-i •>-.•:» 
 
 •' I'll ' *' 
 
 the iiiie<"x. and :-erves as a .'.ipjX/rl to iiie Ir d; \v.\d 1i!(> h.-al undt r the 
 iiiduence. of tin- solar ra;. >;, elianges ti;i' (•iiii'u> juiee into the very Ha- 
 rare of iIk; pbint ; wiiile, at the sa;ne lini;-, it a; is as a mo-l ()owerl';d 
 ♦ixiialuni and absobenl. iSow, ev.'iv root has ;hree parts- the sj)-,)!!- 
 
 c>fi'i!(;s or rootlets, or small libres ; tiie mid. 
 
 \n 
 
 lb 
 
 ■y P'l'i 
 
 th 
 
 coli ir or nerL These, Ijy the p.-wer of i.-apillavy vJtraetion absu:b 
 the sid)stamtes cong* nial to llu; plant, convey these snbslanees. in a 
 8fa 
 nionn'N o 
 
 te of solnlion, to the vascular tis,-.:ie, and thence to die lc,d", by 
 
 Now these reoih t* 
 
 f li 
 
 le attraction ol the solar mlluences. 
 
 would appear to be (iidowcd wilh a power, in some sen-e, ukm to 
 in.-tinet. TIk y are di>puled to selci.;! or rejeel what is (tongcnial to 
 the plant — and act somewhat in the same way as c!ii inical (det:tiv(! 
 ! .Tinity. In all thi<!, the, agrienltnrist must surely take ad-ep inien-.-f. 
 And who .;hali say that he eamiot turn such knowledge, the snow- 
 ledge uflbrded by vegetable Physiology, to hi'^ advantag' . 
 
10 
 
 TK ANSAC'llOXS Oi' THE 
 
 But ilic b(i(li«'> oT ;iiiiiiiiii<, wlicii liiiiil, l(;i\c a iiiinniii y of n.sli- 
 ps , csliil)li.-hiiii( ;i gcncnd ;iii;il()!jfy Ixiwrcii aiiiiiK'.ls an<i |>lan1s. 
 The uroporlioiis also vuiy in WilH rrni jm: lions ol' iljc sJip.ic uninial, 
 as in lb' ['laiil. !)i;1 llicir invaiiafJ(' |>i()]'t)ilions aic j iMiia-lly and 
 alx-oliitilv ii'ir-.^ai V lo tlx* ton-liliiticai and ln-al'liy (•Ni>l«,'n(.(' til'i'ac-li 
 jif'Vf'ral j-'art. Aiid l!if >ul)slanfT< {•(Hi'-'iliilini.' llii*- a>h arc idcniical 
 with iIk' asli(.r ill! \<';;(la!)!(! In-.d tlir atiiinai sul)si:-1< uu. We lind 
 potii^li, -oda, \''\\u\ liiuii^anvM', dxiilcs ol' iion and niniii^ar.cM-, ^d- 
 phar, jili(i«}i!iuri.s, idid cloiinc. TIiii- w**- scf tl;<' anal'.jiiy b'Mwef'n 
 ^o]\, plant, and aniaia! I>( foinis (■!ii.--'cr aad yt ( lo-.r at <v(iy >tt p ol 
 tlu' itivcsliiratitiii. Can it in" (!(>'d;l('d tjicn, l';at ^li■•ll K n'.\\ l('d;.,f(> — 
 llic knowledge nl' Aaiina; I'iiy^i' ■I'>l;_\ — aiii-l be \ . !iia!>N to o.iit.diicn- 
 <d ;i!,''ricalti:i i>-i>. 
 
 K il iim1 ( icir, i'jk a. lli It, iV.iliI ^^!(•!l Knew i''(!:j'i', l);i-i'd iilt MU 'i 
 rtrini iplcs. ati imni'iv-r anaai!:! <>! iii d.ireicd. I.uimii!', ;ii j)ic v'ai imii- 
 ('<^lv rxiicMdi'd, Iii vat 'n' -••ivcd ; lia.t >mIi i val ii ^n in";.':hi l.c i < iidaciid 
 (111 iiKtrt' >nii' a!i(l t\ac' prinaipli - ; — !i: a I'a- i-ann; ;i|':nain ir.lcMai- 
 I;ni- w'o'aid i.i' 'm- ^" iv I'lirnai.-. d liom iia: >- tiac outi.iy; — dial tja^ 
 li\(' .-!<i(-I\ (>a ilh' >:iiM.' aii'ii liiijii I." Im-j. ly ''IK ica-cd in ai,!h!;iM' 
 :;n I (jaaiily ;■ •-!!,'!! d ■■■ .-.ruiiias prcdae* ni' n u-;, !-, f^ridiMils, and la;- 
 (■Ii'-r'> na .i( \\ <-iiId l-*' aiacit ninif almn lant, aiai iliat, in ilia t i-nd}incd 
 r bail, liii' pi)_,id Midti at iarua. •:; wrW ;is :}■.■' individual ijnaluccr, 
 woajd a'-<iirt'dlv jiaiiii-'j-aa-. I t! iid, ,!■!( laniy read* ;•< will.oi!'- and all, 
 jii'uc \\iili iM''. tii.i' till' di^-iaaia.iiioii oj' viicii !^i;..\\; d .^^ a-- i hav** 
 bi^ai idaiirin:.': ..I is r,\' '';:' hi-acsl pa!)iic inHxatari-a— ti':;! ii na.;:t 
 cvi r l.c .■aaMuJid with i.a.-.dca aliic j)ul;i!c ix n:'l!i. 
 
 !t is I'ail liiM(. i||;|t isiaai-.iwn •lani'.d l>a diirrtcd .m ilia a!aiiidna, 
 sconr:;c wliica aiiinially di v.-jujc-; oar ai.ric id'atal d;--lri('is , 
 F't'lorr il h'cirjiK- so in ji'"',ii n> a* iasnr i\><' !iad;-iaa'' idf a. diat all 
 onr Mirri'adlnral inda>:iy ni.iy ii.- -^xx allowed lip ;n tl'' (>v('i',' lu'lniini;' 
 
 (icsc 
 
 • tiition. •— Hut I aai !i'>.)i rnl and liii'Ma', atal I liavi- al.- 
 
 •i.-c- 
 
 ■\\!,'aT a---!'rtrd, that lli's ';i";ii di-ccira-o !i";i1 nr y I;a jrot iha licttar 
 ot liv jarliciiiii- (adiai'-.-- I i"!Ii -.c iii.ti tl.oroa;;;! di:;inii;j.!', >i!l<oilinq-, 
 aral jiidicioa . MianmiiaT, ".' iili diuioin.di tiiiaur in ava>y st;!i^(^ \x\\\ Ik* 
 lhf> niaan> of >-» iavi^foralina- and iai)pidlin^" da- liaaldi! d ilcvidopmanl 
 find !ol)!'st Lr!■<>^\ di of oui' ia!ii\ ;. I'll r rojj-; in tli'li' lailicM'ajid nu<ro 
 li'ral.a- sIaL;'i's,as to [,lii(a i!miii spi .iliiy I ''yond lin ita.id, vlludn;^' nia1<'- 
 viallv iniiiri'd l)\' die jnid aiaa !.•■ <!' in:^L'ri cia niir.-. ! hidicNc, dial diir 
 aJtiaition to tlir ja.yrr j'rilcd ol'si. \ inj', .-a a? 1o rsi aja' tlia fatal and 
 \.(l! asfcrtaint'd pf iiod id' ili^( <i dcvcdopnaail — and dais dcprivin!.'; 
 iIkiii of iluir nacTssary iHth\i!\nn -lu>tar\ <■ ijiciii in lai t, iVcan ])iirc want 
 of <n!>-l(aiaiir(' that tliis cnnlinia'il co',' (aitanftMi>l\ (i\.r hiiLM' di>- 
 Irirls by iniiliad coa^cnt and ariaii^ta! by oiir aiijiiiadlnrai socdctjaa 
 and nninialj)al toi'iicils :- -I btdlaxc ilaii diis, widi the w < M limed 
 ■'"'plicution to dp' siniace of lilt' ^('ii ol' alKalies in a (aiiHtie slate 
 Fo as to sooure the desimeden ol' ilie insect in iK i:\\\h -tale — ilie same 
 ap|)liofition mnde to seed, --the straw and die lailinir-. «m' di("s-in;i^s. 
 — I believp that pptcnverint,' aMention to these and <ever;d other 
 
liOAUi) OK ACHM I i;rrui:. 
 
 II 
 
 ly of Msli- 
 
 1(1 |>l;ints. 
 
 (' fininial, 
 
 'cclly and 
 
 (' »j1 '.at-li 
 
 i(l(Miiica! 
 
 We find 
 
 iTH', vid- 
 
 \\ !('(!,'.;■(* — 
 
 .-(•Hi Iniil- 
 t.iitliicicd 
 
 11'.] CM'tl- 
 
 —dial ij;(^ 
 1 ;a,!i.!;i'i' 
 , r;i;d biii- 
 0011; l''i lied 
 Droiliict'V, 
 )'■ rinl all, 
 ;.>s i liavr 
 
 '.! il ll:i.::t 
 
 a !a III I 111.'.'; 
 di>1ric'ls , 
 ). ilial ail 
 V. lii'liiiip'^' 
 av'- cl.-i'- 
 ll'c Ixilcr 
 111 •«(:ilin:r, 
 i^c \\ ill \:o 
 
 i'!t>p)ii(nl 
 ?ul llK-rr 
 '\uu: innic- 
 ', liial diip 
 
 r.ital and 
 dtl))lvin,i>' 
 pnrt! want 
 'aiLM' dis- 
 
 sociclii's 
 
 ( 'I llllHti 
 
 <\\{- slali; 
 -lln' sautt* 
 lii's^in^s. 
 M'al oIIkt 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 m 
 
 fippiianc s iiid r.'.-.niiiiii'i'diiii.i:- wliidi I .<liali, frcai liiia' t^i liiiic 
 irilrtidiifi' <l-'\v hriT U) |>iil)lic t,.>iir.' I'lv |)iil»li(" di>iril».iil( II, v.iil 
 s!i)\\ !\, it may l)>'. lail ^iin ly i»\, icniu' llir o/crwliflniin^' t'\il \\ liicli, 
 a; llii' pirs.iit Mill IP III -•» iiiniiiii^M'dv ilii'i alms \\ lioic.vidc dc, ;i>lali(iii 
 
 ti> llir !h'j)i'.- < I ill'' iii"-i.-;ili llii.ill. 
 
 \V!ii'!i III!-, iiii; I'l dra 'a iii!(. ci- < -a licrr, \\t lia.V'- had occ i-ion . 
 l.> I't'i^ici die iiit-'iioriiy <'l oMf |>r')'!!icc in (|iiaiiiiiy w iirM ciim- 
 p urd wiili il'.at ot'tlic liiudi ia\<'d m ad ■; cf ( irciil- jjii^aiii and irfland. 
 ll i^ paiiiiiil lit tiiiak !l -Il iidd I).- s;), i)at >\-c' ari- iim! \\ ii!i )iii our 
 rfiiicdy. -- I.«'l ii> iH'l iilindiy (<»idid.' in iIk iii''.\;:ai7slil)!c 
 liTliiity <'! ''■" -"il-. — (ji'aiii < mu uiirv :;iaiti crop -(« |(.i;!.r ;|.. 
 llii'V will iri"\\'. V-. ill I'lM ,.>ii!i|y and 1"'.) -iii-cdiU- cNliaii-l ll:cf)i 
 — or ri'dnc' ili'.'ia n> ah-iil I'r -aa-ihiv. Ai'd liii- drc,!-;- \(,ii pKai'^rh, 
 and di-' la m;' i>i rt-'! y"y Map!' in n!- .M hn. Kiijiiry, \\\c nioi-'' <-i«u d- 
 ilv and |:i':!' > liy -Ai'l ■.••■i -la r* > -! ai iTiaicnii;,; dn'ia \\i»ii lilr--. Vmh 
 iiiu-1 .'jfiiar I la'aai^l l iii-'+rr^^fdl r ■,;mI;' cd r"!'a' ions and .v<'im':'iii-- and 
 inirlii'^cnl !i;M.a:r* nM-a; - i.y -npplyiiar r. (oaaaical ^ii^iriit,!; i(a! ifi laa- 
 II a n^ an 1 il;''- -iaif--- -liv i -lunii!".' \<-i \\^i: >-ia! a ■■■ luai ii n! i !)•• !.■ . rl:|(•.■• 
 a- dill" aia 111 i'la ti) r.ii aiaa. •;!' pii Mils ■., i;: j,m i :• ;i^ — ;i;i.i <, , |!;i rd i j. i^ n 
 V')m- lioidiii:^' ;'uan iadn'i lo mmi- aniiaaaii 'd ia '-.UHlili a ami I'lic.' a-i d 
 in \a!ia'.'.\ iM ll;-' iiirr» a--.- wi p^'ji. ialMiii an I pio-p. rilv oi' no ;; d:-- 
 Iri'-'. 
 
 ! !i;r-.c r '• 1 rio'iiii!',;" i i Mi-a ■•nti'i'i.'v — v. ln) A-ii^ iiol ka-.Vv' 
 tip- i!~c III '111' i. II. >iii.ai'.'. — I i!'i t:i!d l»y aa aiaiM.iiv ihal i-aano; 
 li' dia! '■ w 'liii- !!!■• (•■•idi p-a;ai!i; ' i. >;'c'd-i iia.' and h 1 1. • .-I , and '-'lid, 
 and lial, .'i>d ^Mall!ll<';, and w'.:,' :. an 1 div,. and ni^lii >!i;dl noi 
 c't'a--;'.'" .\''J !!i"au!i il i^ |iy im la' .m^ iim v.-m-y il:al an a'^'r'uai!- 
 
 liiri>i sliDald !•< iiiiii- aa iri.-uii ,|i y d ia('ii(>ii/!ii.> ;«.i, >tili in' icLMrd^ 
 
 sik'ndv llia -'r.a- t.rilH^ a <'f'!i(;'- -ia- c.ia^idi- hi-: l.i;wna'!i r : aial la- 
 is willia;^' a* >. aii'<'-> lira! !;i-- djii<(''inv' I. a., m-l pa^-.- d iinrrv. aj li'd. 
 
 lint v^ ir,!-- 
 
 a la n 
 
 J a I '• i) "a , ■'.■:!:'.;■ is p' iI^tI'v liiia. i! ]-. Ufaa'- 
 
 tii''U'--s inid. aial'!; I'l iI ai' ..;i. ;! i'')«lac!.' I;i 'l.i' 'dvaiu'cairiii dl" 
 s'-ifaiiilir ;il;: iiadliu'i' \- Id i..^' i'liiad ia da- la la -iu'iiMa ai'anci' oi iia n 
 dC xdcli'i' Vi /di arai-lii-ai a-r; .lad' :. • - - W i ri- >\\'\\ c! srii'iica li> ln'- 
 farne a.':|iMlll'id wall praciii .•, w • in ;Jil ' Np'<'> laia-h "ica', r aii- 
 v,nicf> in II" VM ale in -<:i ndli • a'.'i i •idinrr, il, ui il' l!r p:' a'lii'al iikm 
 wera 1 ) li.v,»,na i ;ii i i wl' s -i av- ■ ; ha.- ai t'^aiaa .li" .'ii'ii • ■ , ar- iiia'c ,- 
 s irilv, iVtii'a ]).o\ iiMis tdinailiitn aa I !ial>ils, la.a.' tMpalai' t'l coadiK I- 
 itlLf -ci< ntilia IT^ 'I'itIi ; aaal ii i< U> he |i'ar''d dial nnliidi- I'chi , ioa 
 bolwiMMj piiiM ipli' and prartica an dior(aiolil\ imdiT-n M-d, •(•i<'n'Ui(' 
 rca-.-'aiciia.- li.)\\ . ■ it iiiipia l:ial in ila'iii-vlvrs and liw\\ rM'|- inUT' .s - 
 inu' (aiaani !;•• rNpai'Ii d lod'armia' in sn nna-li |aa(!!(al Ian iii. 
 liiit ill.' -idun' ;• iliis |)(»iai is rc.aair! ilia l).il('r.--di shon!,! < oniiiand 
 Vin-W It) dia s' I lean an and liiu' palrlol, as v,.il ;' ■; il;<' man ol' sdr nee, 
 antl die natn •'! pririici-. 'I'licy 'dai.dd iu-r n > laae in waa-'x inir tn'^aili •/ 
 for dia CiMtlMinn LiHod. 
 
18 
 
 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 
 
 A good sound educaJion and good coin niou sense followed by the ne- 
 nessary apprenliccshipjWiiigolar to make a good jiractical furmer.-lint 
 it is U) be regretted that it often lia))pens that the most promi.sing youths 
 in a family are destined for some of the learned professions, or for 
 town life. — The. country is in liii» way a great loser. — 'J'lu; self 
 taught farmer — is freqinnitly unfoitunate ; or only preserves tlie ap- 
 pearance of success by keeping up an extravagant ex))endi!ure — 
 giving the shadow for the subslancte. Give me tlu^ regular ijpprtnticed 
 farmer; whether having served with his father or another. — He knows 
 that he must adapt his system to the circumstances of the country, 
 soil and climate in vvhieh he may be temporarily phieed. He knows 
 his duty systematically, experimentally — hv ad{,j)!s the system he h;!:4 
 learnt — pursues it steadily— and improves on it by degrees as he iin-,ls 
 opportunity. He is well aw^ire that the sure eomiilion of sucrces will 
 Tt;st in the adoptioi of a jxoper rotation of crops, thorough cidtivation 
 inanuring and driiiuing. — 'Hiis is a good sound and sul)sl!"inlial basi: 
 to rest on, and it will nol be diliicull to engu^fl j;p;>n il ail llu 
 valuable modern scicjitilii; improveuienls. 
 
 7- 
 
 more 
 
 General!) I nni nol wrong in dir(;eling atlenlion. in lliis country, 
 v/here the stale of the farm will ])eiiriit of il, it) greater neatnep.s — to 
 have the [jloughing and other farm operations linished in a more woik- 
 ruan like manner — the fnriows, more sliaighl, dvvp nvn] firmly and 
 compaeily hiid together— the ridges uniibim in wi(i:''i,to faeiiilaU; the 
 operations of sowing and hnrrowing,-- r.md can-fully gatliered into the 
 proper shape. — (ireater attention ought lo he hestiAved en jVnres and 
 buildings. — !t seetns minr:ces;;ary lo explidn the great advantages to 
 be obtained iroui lliorough tillagr. Tjio pulveris^.lion of the soil lo- 
 prepare it for 1 he reception of tiie .^eed — to exierjuinate weeds — to 
 increase the area in which the roots of plants aie to spread lli( n'.selv(>.f 
 in <juesl of that Jood coujmon sen.ve, unaided by .'-science, would lell 
 
 us it is their fundi*, n to sui)ply to the j)!ants. The dej;lii wiil vitry 
 
 but, in any case, 7 or ."i inches are the least we can be salislied with. 
 This is aboiu wliat a [) air of horses, in moi.-t .--i)'].-:, can turn over eas- 
 ily ; and, to g) deeper, recourse mi:.>t be luid lo .••uos.'Miing b.v a jiiouid) 
 following in ih;- v.'ake of llie coiiuuon -plough, ab-^o drav/n iiy two 
 horses, and stirring the ground lo \\iv. dep'ih in samo ca>es, ofj-i inches 
 or morv«, with or widiout bringing the sr.bsoll to the sujfu;". — It j.s 
 
 usual to use the subsoil in ihe course of sinnuicr fa 
 
 ii'!w, or in prej)a 
 
 ring lor gieen eri-!)s, ami when, at any lini", the ^yrouiid is liirown out 
 o( i'idges atal in a level slate. It is luade ;o cros.>: the inlcmled ridges 
 at the secumd la'^t plcnighing, and in ploughing up the land, ilie ],lough 
 is made to run to its greale>t deplii, il may b>e H) or 1 1 inches— thus 
 bringing up, wliere desired and mixing a^ mu.eh of the suI)soil as mny 
 be consi«lere(l advanlageous ini-ier llie circiuuslances, with ihe suiface 
 Boii. The iMichigui subsoil |jIou!>h,--ll ou-h a (Miuilnous iiuole'uent, 
 —has been nmeh u<-ed~calied tlu; Mir,l!ii,^an su'. oil and french 
 pU)agh~by one operation turnirg over Ua' .surbtee soil, and the subsoil 
 in b.-oughi vp and deposited upcai tie! top,— the ensuing |)loughing 
 inixMig both thorougldy together.— 'I'ids is a hard v;oi-k for one%K)cJ 
 
BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 m 
 
 Mont pair of horses. — When tlic snhsoil is a rctcntivi- irnprevions clay 
 this improveinenl has produced the best eftc(;ts. My respected ohi 
 friend, Mr. Smith of Deanston, as is well known, intiodnc<;d liolh liie 
 theory and j)ra(tice of draining and snl)tJoiliiig to p/rominent notice ; 
 and did mort; tl-an :;ny one man livinjjj or dead 1o recommend and 
 extend the judiciously combined systems of thorough draining and 
 subsoilintr. — ]?ut, by the practical man, it will always be regnnk'd as 
 a question of jiounds, shillings and pence — and th(5 cost, it is to be 
 feared, will, ior some time to come, in many localities, pri^vcmt their 
 coming into very geneial use in Ciinada. — But I hope to live to ^diow 
 that this need not, after all, be such a bugbear, and ihey can be con- 
 jointly used ior a very small outlay, when campared,Vvilhth(^ resultant 
 profits in most cases where they ;tre recpiircd and could b(-' recom- 
 mended. 
 
 ss — \o 
 •voik- 
 
 But in thi> climate their is such a thing f's overworking the soil. 
 — there is such a thing as opening the soil so much as to facilitate;, 
 nunec-essuriiy, the evaporation of tl (; valuaMe gassos and jui(;i's, con- 
 tained in il. — For my j)art, i t'iink on well w rought, friabli> soils, tiic 
 grubber, v/hieh f !ai\';ely employed eisewhere for similar j^urposes, 
 might safely lake i'le plact? of t!ie plough- which covering a spa(;c of 
 five or six leel — siining up the ground to a dcplh of 7, H or 10 inches, 
 bringing up the remaining weedsto tlu; surfiK-e — v,-f)uld compared with 
 the p',ou::;ii,('n>!;n^ th" ecouoiriyof 21) p;.'r cent to tl>e f.ivmer — performing 
 thv.! neees-ary svork as well, — and retaining mon; perffctly, at ihi: 
 same tim;', tr* asured up in tUe soli, the avaiiab!,' (^li'mi-.i!.-, oi' v(>gs;- 
 tation. 
 
 ',1? 
 
 
 ladling 
 good 
 
 I»ut so iiu'e \i II, muring nppn.-fiatcd in some eases, dia' v."r have 
 anlualiv s'eii ;iie harn when lull anu' untenantable therciVoni, aciuallv 
 ta' *n away li'om llai manure, instead of taking away the maimre from 
 llie barn. — And wh(>n nsi.d, w(>. haw; seen tiie farmer .-j)rea(l it on tiic 
 nearest tield at llitM'xpenee of all llie res!. I do not wi^ll to name 
 localities, or specify individual in/-; mk-cs (.I'saeh slo n'v ]:r;icii(;e ; 
 — but I am. sure they will, at once, snggcsl tii(Uii-;olves to soivie nf 
 my readers. — It has now become a que.sllon with tlte m.>s!, jniel- 
 ligent fu'mers, whether, cv.-n wi';;: ijie best management, the oi'di- 
 nary resoiirecs of an ordinary la rtii 'ji-e eai^ahh- <f rnaln!ai:;ing the 
 averag*' ferliiiiy of everv pari of'th<^ i'lrm. One thing is abnndaaiiy e;'r- 
 tain.that il'wi! (ionlinue to extra«*i jn.'re trom oursoi; than tJu; n s,)arcv's 
 of ih(> farm will restore, we are movin^L;" baekwards and not Ibiward-', 
 and becoming every day in nearer api)ro\imation to th(! point of ex- 
 liaiistit)n. — r>y siuh a pro(;f!ss our faiius woidd, in the luid, becotnu 
 a caput iiior.'iWin. — Are there no suidi old farms in Canada? — Wc 
 [icar of farn.ers daily moving oil" West.— 13ut we doubl wlalher they 
 have given their <;ounlry a lair trial } 
 
 We must depart from the .«:tarvation phan. Wc must adopt a system 
 uhich w-ll enable us to fi.'.'d and litter our slock sufficiently. * W{> 
 must learn to grow roots and more (d' t!ie hardiest species of co;n. 
 
Hi^> .-- ,* 
 
 14 
 
 IK VNS ACTIONS OK rilE 
 
 ^V(' imi>I bt'cttmc I'tipiliiir w ii'i ihc : ira w-cnitci'., ;iii<l Aw root Klcam- 
 iti;^ ;ipi)ar;i1iis. An aciv licit will piodiico ]Wi' hnsjicls oIImhMs will 
 
 ODh' 
 
 proiliKM' .")(> hii'^licls ol" <-(>rii. Slraw-ri'.tlcis of all (l''Sfri]iii( 
 
 • ! I;c iiMhinc'i'd ;'.l t|ir 'oaoI li-'-iii-c 
 
 )tls. 
 -so 
 
 ami sicaiiuii'j; apparahir- mti 
 
 as li» ('iiul)l(' cvi'ty W'lia il In ;'V;ii] jiiiii^clt' ol !'.r iifn-at a'lvaiiiaijrs rc- 
 
 .siilliii::' irom ffi-diiiL' w I'li a ^-oiniiin.iiioii i.t' coim, >lc nurd loois and 
 
 (■111 ('(iddcr. 
 
 Thi;. 
 
 oiji" iiicariri (>!' nnkiiii,' ill'.' uio-l ol oiir jt -hi rets 
 
 in Lower ('ai)ada. in-lrad mj' pciioillinL,^ (Jtii' ratlic lo wallx al''..t> 
 
 liK!' >tarvflii<'4'^ in ■;. ml t — viih 5-fa.x-! ( noi'^li lo •ii-Imii ihf !>rrail 
 
 of jilr wiiliin liici 
 
 h- -o; 
 
 's 1). 1 PuHii!;;' lliciii til 'o-c a i 
 
 I cond 
 
 !):(/ 1-- -/ 
 
 7/ 
 
 indeed hut lii'' — 'laTKiiiir Iludi ltowJIi — i-i'Tio!' . liiii- l!'' Ufrcd 
 an I losiii!/ iiiaav I-;,' );r iiiatioc <!fa'h — \vr !i.';\" hi;' lo iatii/ hico lln' 
 (•:!^v ijvaclirc \\r i'ivc "i^t re-' •iiiiacrul''' !, lo Mialo' a stjc d\ rt-voln- 
 
 !ii>a. N\ liiea w ill a-- 
 
 ii ).■ 
 
 a'H al 't. 
 
 iil\ I Irvalc "Mr ciiara'-li-r- 
 
 iiii-r- - hhiiiv' 
 
 W 
 
 <• \vi 
 
 •r- ■(•■] i;\- iiiior >\ 
 
 l-ld Ml.ii! !!)• V 0!ir ■ I, 
 
 l'-:vS, 
 
 W ill Jll- 
 
 (•;''a-«(' dii' ttoi'-'T :•'[)! ^n PI • i: ii!i-— wi> wiil iariTa-^c 1 ■;'• (jiiaaiiiy 
 
 ■ nil,'., as o.:Miniy, in-^-'a ■> our ii'iai.ii'y -i' 
 
 ol inanorc, aa I lii;;liv 
 
 • ■I ij a and '.^i'a u). i 
 \v>'ii 1 ) d) ia '. !i ' '.'>■ 
 
 .>;!! 
 
 a i ••> o rrjs (•riV.-'dviv-, \vc uiil l>r'c>ii' i>irij 
 
 II. a ol (• •lilloil.lhl;' ll)d:"i> 11 iril 
 
 Mii'iy 
 
 iMiS ;■■. a loir, aii I -, ih"! m; 
 veidifd ! 
 
 ara'^ia',' |-!- ■.clircj — :,iay si on \>r. 
 
 1 l;on, lo li.o-' ,\!;.. .•:: 
 Old ihr hi'W il^h 'a oaae 
 
 naaoiiikMMi/ 
 diL'r<-!Vi!ia iiti 
 
 ;ll' li i!. wo h i\ (' oi i.-ior, .'• ; ; ' 
 
 i;; A iiicli. ;i hoii.'--' I\- c'.rnjii ;:•!. 
 1 ,',. ii 
 
 na 1 l^f, 
 
 ,1.1 
 
 ;i\o naich n-aadi •;•:■, and i led voii iilaiais' i rrvprcl 
 
 ieji.-e 
 
 :<•'; di! 1 
 
 ,1 
 
 I \'. ^^ c I! iv,', iip I'lr :>i'. i;., di.';~io>i!-i 
 
 wiiieli w n.T; (oioi/oaaoeii. \\ I,, ai 1« .,-i oro-.c a.'- vain ioio ar ;:a" '/nano 
 
 in d:e \<\ ^!il•.,■:io., !, 
 
 (.'..itada ( :Li\\l ;o i;>a (• )!• 
 
 .tati'i.v 
 
 liai 
 
 anioe ..> 
 
 ell!!;!' 
 
 (to i; ;1 
 
 a If !•» M (^ 
 
 ai'tiiiia V, ii:'n liianu.c wiil h- (•tain- an ;iii,;,'ii-e o .:,ort, k ali/an^r a 
 
 V, rv 
 
 nil ie. <■ .xi dian'j' 
 
 e\iay ^oiii an n ji.'.i hd O!;.^ ,• )a' :a 
 in .uiea' iiaiidjia' (a'owdile.^ o-ir ii ;,'<>. 
 na la will he l.a-.;',\n a.- a !!!■*-! \aiii 
 
 ill"- world. li Oldv O o!li|-,--. >• : .jl;;' 
 
 0-. \V.- -li.jl -, 
 — W- -didi:..-. !■ 
 
 Iro'u 
 
 111'. >;)i' la 
 
 an'l -Ii 
 
 eoara ••'! ol i t- 
 
 a .ili;'.i'!' iM r V'M V foaa'i V o 
 
 an I en' rorn 
 
 oi'i ai ".'.'N' ip;" I 
 
 to Irai/.i' u, \t\ 
 
 r , i I 
 
 asa- 
 
 -\ ,>;• )\n] 
 
 >e'l \(ai. 
 
 I !iav- ,•! 
 
 >c\'. faa'e n i ■•'lal 
 
 la ■■•■> 
 
 ntini 
 
 io i) r - ".eiani'as lo or;'' 
 
 llie nec('-;v.;ty j,,,; (j,,. cxh-ji-,;)!! i ;[ d I . d 11 iii'i^ i 11 di i < eon iiliy. vSiindy die 
 \y\<\ mois! siai. on has !old 
 
 ale o| \\ Mieli fill l:ave eilh'T lieanl or .-x- 
 
 j)eri('iiee«i •!;,. t!!:i!i. W la'i; lailnre.-^: , polaio n>t, oat vi,,-!, in- m;1 de|irr- 
 (l:it!o!is, and a thon-aiid ilU have more lo do \\ iih inoirudenl dr-dnai^tr 
 than ev( 11 oiir lae-' 'li.aitdn'd'.d rariiv r-^ li.ive vol i'liily r(>;di/vd l.i da-iii- 
 
 vel\-.'-<. 
 wIl'M-e. 
 
 I 
 
 ha o' ( iii.ir;;'(l, .ot^l sha'd '. iiiarij- 
 
 e on 
 
 llil-; siihi' el 
 
 Hni 
 
 li'ie i- n. iiine on dii'- or<-a>i(.ai I'or a soeeial l.att 
 
 uri" or 
 
 li'etiire.^ on ihoroiiidi diain i.^e and ii-; eil(.>L-is, I ^hail c(jn!(Mil niy^^' li" 
 widj anitinin>.''j d; ,t wlierc wanii d, it i- die i'oiiiKJ ilion ol" ;tll 
 
'"•1-^ will 
 •ii|)ii()ii,s. 
 
 |ll!-(', SO 
 
 iijcs vr- 
 (»t)ls aixl 
 
 |'\ a I I'm! I. 
 
 itrcMllr 
 
 'i> )- -i^/l 
 
 iM-C ll|i' 
 i''V(;lii- 
 
 I ! ! ! i 1 1 • ' 
 
 v\ ill ill- 
 
 j 1 1 : t a : i 1 y 
 
 i.'.li'v >l 
 \ '. I'irfi 
 
 S ' ! r ; • i y 
 
 0..|1 i);'- 
 
 1. Ii..f, 
 
 ■ .'■MM no 
 a-^ I'ii-Ji 
 
 a r::i'' 
 wf (",- 
 a^iy i'l 
 I'a ;.',l. 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 £/0 
 
 liOAUi) OF AciiK ri/n UK 
 
 that 
 
 15 
 
 )(' I I nmiMi,' uiul that •rrop-s waniM Ix- lalii 'iivi (\ iina'i' iiIaitKlant. 
 ami (liM'.iscs III' ;tll KimN N'^s pn-valciii, wm- ii priKhii'ly piaiii^cd 
 tiii<>iiL''li"nt l!ii< i'Diniirv. I sliall ijo ca .\''ili 'Ht Tail, and undi r 
 i'vcry di-^ro.ira;^.' iiit-ni, to illa-lratc lii;.-- ci-v'w h; m ia mhii a iii'lil, as 
 ciiuiiM tail In i»iM V incf iji.' \]\i»\ >c(|)iical. 
 
 On this ('ijMiiiiciil, .\;^ririil!iin' fxi^ls, in ( vr\-y -la^T liian ihc in;)>' 
 |)i!iuiiivo to ill'- MH >1 advancJMl. W'v find lli>' sialwail pii'ii'-cr cnu r- 
 'JiMi Willi a jMi'M I I-i(i!v i 'I irid>'i>i'!;.l,aK (' |r( in hi- Id:'; c d)iii ia lit ■ jori^'. 
 
 r- "ft 
 
 W^' HIT 
 
 I 
 
 w liitii ill I \.a'v -1 I' 
 
 jjiir.).'..-, IdiH liii ' >! eluded 
 
 a. 
 
 leiK r. ail. 1 id II . e Ml C'lHii. i i ; n;l i!J( 
 • lilt'd nil i I'll • \)r, ai ■ Mcl';!ti'<)!irli(). ■( 
 
 lioine. a-^ ilie Idr-^t ili^appears lit land iiini ; iill, in tlh' < nd. it lliii 
 
 lt;ive u^.^jjeii il w idi him, hi> !;a.^ Ii-.ai < nah!. d ia i a; j»;,,_\ ail da- nm- 
 
 (Jein aa|'li"ii!-i',-v < | ar! and 
 
 (> aidi in <• -i;,:Ma'idrd liy a v\ r 
 
 lie \vi!l '."11 Nwii <ii lii< lii-i ( ' aia,,! niiafs wiili jjaiaic— ol' I -s re;ii'i:^<- 
 
 ii;-« Ici.c d\^.•d(!l^• m ti.e wi'd' le.. s, W idi la.'' e l.;i| |!;c (I ;> yen-- (;!' 
 l!a- fnre-l \'.y,- 'ii< neju'ilji-i liv- .ill i !'Mailiai■^■: -!' • v-nda !> II \iai la)\v 
 hi- inaii'v e:)a.a''e (.\'\ sa:d» waliia IkIii — h./W !.l- >-!i,ai I|. .a,!, 'a -I'ilf 
 
 o'l i!-. Ihl; ii'a- ja "liiii'ir)., > so (liaai laileil \v!''::i;i hii;: |i w :\ p I v' 
 step, he '/nierjed I'ma it!> i oali; :■ 'ii i I dep- i;:h a<i' — ;.<\\ !■• laiiour- 
 eii .111 e.a)iidini^!v - i.H)\v Hide eo'i.aur!-- Jnrdl iplii.'d a;- an: I hi ■: — liow 
 the viila-.^;- av w in ll!^' nei;:f|il).a, ir ed — li)\\ il ea(i'e-:< a! ia ppii'M- 
 li'ia and \\'e,,|il|, ;iiid j;iev. in!') l! ' ji'-ed (•'•'v : ln.w his j'oiiK'a' en- 
 eie;i-i'(l \\i,!i ,]\- pi . ;•■ n y t^l I j,-. llei^h'juia in "d. ,(•:,] I,(,w 'a' llOW 
 h'i»k( d ri);'-\ard lo . nl a' < i\.:\:' in p.eaee and (.aai'aM ai ih.' ho>i.'iri ■( 
 ft happy an a ! onlijid. a laindy. a.aoiiirsi i!,.- :> ai'.aii'. re/ e.i . h!)ui:;.;, 
 who eoinaiea.' d v> iih hiiii ! eioy a dav a.j;(', to ui. Ise ;i lio.s.c aiaia'^! 
 !!;•■ Wii.haa •■• ollii'' i' e-i. Wi.-a he .•a/td his ;i\.' \\:ii N.'llia;' 
 l''!i natiiiofed h n.i. 'aah-ai in 1 in weoj rr.tl'; — haiAx"!,;'; i o lie ;( oi' 
 ihe' pie(d-e aiiiif!.' ' ij ((!)• iipr.i \ :,i »•, iiii h a)^!l.d!. i;,- !i<' eo:;: i a: ' d '■> 
 I'is ill' ;•';■(), P'' •■iiiii widi > dahai- a<a-e', ej-.ai.-' , aaiii di • ioTiv h in;'' ol 
 
 ! • a;if 
 
 die )aie--l iieaihei! I). !!<-M h a;e I a^ e, :iii.i 
 di:.:;iiilv, eaine ihnndei ii;:.'; id da' -iiend, \viili a i 
 the sUi;oi a.l'a^ Wd (Is lo lin.,' aial eehd , la-! 
 huih in liie -aow V < a oei ; — ii. .a- !i>' wa- i'eiow i. 
 
 '!:<•• : ' 
 
 i:i >t ;ie!> 
 ■ !i ^^ la; '■; laadi 
 
 l)!'r\:n''- hi 
 
 ;ea( 
 
 ai.i.'i 
 
 ina \ et ;!!. ae r va liin. i ai i!, la a aw \ eai •■■, a \\a<l 
 
 ^ 
 
 a llei.l Id. 
 
 la. na.ac 
 
 in lie»!t loas ha 
 
 hand 
 
 pi -lital 
 
 an I I \ [-w 
 
 ( ."i ; 
 
 aniier, ly 
 ': a;an.i- 
 
 Ii - (»I ae 
 
 Ii I a n . 
 
 11 )•«,'• ^ 
 •ly ihe 
 or >\\- 
 
 depiT- 
 
 M!)ag»» 
 liaan- 
 
 (dse- 
 
 ire or 
 
 av-' ir 
 
 .r all 
 
 N't'iae ha-. ddO.' i:i!ifii idi ihis '.r:''al '.la'aiy. Oiir rdaeil ioaal ad- 
 V aiii^f'-: are area; ai d exiciiiliiaa lat ii< endeavdiii hy raadi -'a- 
 
 l! 
 
 aaan;^.-* u< i ,ie ] 
 
 le^;. II 
 
 d d\ di- -.aiiia,!! in.',' aiauidar 
 
 a-Iaai el 
 
 a w holeso'ae, t.'ia(;!icai clesia ipMon, to la' ate a.iieaiiul .ah lanhs a 
 
 nniua'^al ihirs! h'l' anow lo 
 
 d-e. I. 
 
 our am aaii'iiial .-orieijes mal 
 
 <ani)s p! (i\- • ;liern-el\c«i iadiad, in ihe hij'JieNl sen^-a, die ravauas 
 I'leiai; and (heerfahN ( oojv rate w iili da- IJoaids of .N tjriiaillere and 
 Gov.a-niu'.Mit DeparlMi-anl.-; to |)rove ih.' el)it'i(Miev of dieii cannhi.aed 
 aiLi;enev and >np'a'vi>i( n. I.et, Mi'clujiies fiistilnte.-i, with lludr iihia- 
 lies, and nauHng- r. n-ai.- — llieir ha-lnres aheain !In:r v^ i!h :()nnd practical 
 inforaiaiion, be (".(a-y \v iua-e e^iabli-^lical to v»(ain lhei>j)iiati\(' fioai gios- 
 
' "1 
 
 16 
 
 TRANSACTIONS OF TU7. 
 
 9(;: and inoro dognuling plcnHiiros niul dctrrrnine him lo li'ibi's tif thrift 
 and intolligenc'o, — insijiinri; (H)mfi)it to himself and (I('prnd<Mtt< ; and 
 enci>iira^Mni( him as a good and reliable citizon to do his duty to ihtr 
 country he o\\'n< ; and which ho has to ihank for the mojii-? of sub- 
 fistanct' — and it may hv to !o\o as die land of his birdi. 
 
 Aio Vvo light or arc we wronif in hinting a f-ar that a m:H!ti!.nn 
 consf;i()U>nrss of si-lf sudii-iriicy i< somciini'S a!i obslarle !o ngricul- 
 lural jirogri'ss. Is diis nol a common ohst.xdc; everywhi.Tt? and in all 
 limes, lo dio frre .^pvtail of riS( fid knviwU'd';;(\ and lo iil !j)t;«i!on:< iVom 
 rivtd or foreign foimliies ? — Is il no! ilje ca.-e even io a ceitain exlenl 
 in vnrions dit'liifls of d;e same couiitry ? la ;i!m'>>i eveiy (^'jicr vovii- 
 lior. ttieie i- a coDstanl tM-mpMiircn i 1 rival \ r c:e:>:-es dieir eilieiency 
 ■md lesiills. ! he proi.-. sscs ./f agiiculluve are t:^) cflt n carried <a) in 
 eiiniparativc is(;!aiJon arai inch j.H'f.deia-e ; and unl-'ss il hr. at g;,l!;cr- 
 ir.gs sneli r..^ ihe prc'-cnl, there is scarce any i'e<'(\g'.ii:.able i'.ii-utii}' or 
 rccipiocity ef ina'.osi or ci' I'e; ling ; -uid di.^ b.-iiignant indiK'nees i.'i 
 brodierliuo:!. an! l!ii^ siiiunlan''? of gt'iicrotis rivaliy have no ]>l.u'e, ra;- 
 less diroiigh t!ie column::' of da' Agrn-nllural P;.>ss, or in sera a <'(;m- 
 ['arison of jro.iii'-ls ar.d irrp.lenienls in <'aeh <]ep;iriinent of piodiu;- 
 live indiasliv ii> \ho pie:-cnt r!:diil)i!ion so ber.ovolcnllv allo/d.-. 
 
 And does not ;!a; iiu;(;!ianii; ) ; iiefit eniiul'v v.ii'i liie Ijiisb-mdm '.a 
 
 W 
 
 e f-i'ia'i prC'C;^ed lo show laa! ae does so. 
 
 L 1 lu 
 
 ior a ni'.>m"nt» as 
 
 :as l)e(>n eisew.'icrc rcmaiia- 
 
 ird 
 
 man as r.e is 
 
 \v 
 
 h head and 
 
 iicrirl llic! threat ctailics of i:.d. pendent vilal or'irani-ari 
 
 leii eom- 
 
 n eie in liscii. on; 
 
 At\-j: 
 
 • inini' ti 
 
 n eonriex i^iovc 
 
 iii'Mii, l>iil bolh t;;>()perarn!g, in i:o;;t;oiiia.nt ih auiy of harmony, ii 
 eTU'iuL'" aril! dire.f.iing tlteir common a^enls — ;;is varioas jn;'.ajl)c 
 
 dln- 
 
 tw ih(* pcrformani';e of every n(\;o.<r-ary or {JiedeiiM'mine 
 
 d du!v_vet 
 
 operahiig as li vi-jaalaniy, jasl-neaively, or impiilsivcdy, as it may i. 
 
 What lineaan nccirmism ca 
 
 n e 
 
 rival 
 
 ;n 
 
 p' 
 
 rfeeti 
 
 on 
 
 <\ 
 
 ] ■"< 
 
 mu.ioeosm — m api»arenl (tomp.exily, y>'t loo well snown 'o i 
 
 (iHiie 1! student 111 marvejion- 
 
 mi) 
 
 vailimr strciigili and end 
 fl 1 
 
 I i i '. 1 i 
 
 in 
 
 xioiiily 
 
 et -onut' 
 
 uraia 
 
 1 <h 
 
 in iH'lU'ae 
 iiiiile an 
 
 anrl lnan^ '^s : m noi.-rics •, 
 
 wti.it is mccii mi.-m l)nt an extension of lii 
 
 } 
 
 j-> 
 
 rcurism',^ lension 
 
 yrl 
 
 ileliig'Mlt "lerciii. .\v. 
 ;ion of "ar uodilv m'nn- 
 
 I 
 
 hers, it is bat the jjrimilive a;.>aiey reproda^;ed or mnltiplied. What 
 arc our looms, onr presses, our t?t(vim laigines of every form, ud I for 
 every (v;)'uu.'ivahle piirpi'.^e, la;l llic i>vidcnces cd" a delci-miivw pnrposi* 
 to meet llie retiuircmeni.-N in" oar age and our mou; adv Tiuvd civiliza- 
 tion— to (Mudilc ns to supply, in gi^-atcr variety and profn-don, and at 
 
 ch'iap 
 
 er v.Uev, ti:c thoiisaud •■.nd uut; comfi)- 
 
 m 
 
 i I. 
 
 ixinae 
 
 -w 
 
 have now oertane tieocsar.-'es, — for vvliat Wire, at no luicIi 
 dato, the Inxmie 
 
 (). 
 
 le niiilionaire 
 
 c; 
 
 :cii 
 Unnt 
 
 ave now tiecome the JKMU^syane.s 
 
 oftla; lmmi)h\s!, and we, had admo.L said, in some cases, iIk; poorest, 
 — in prosperous times, and in a ilo aiishing conamunity. 
 
 It is worthy of especial remark, hnvevcr, that excess of complic.i- 
 
i'si'f thrift 
 1-^ of 611 i>- 
 
 "(i in nil 
 i'H!:< iVoni 
 
 II ('.\IP!lt 
 i!'r V(:(ra- 
 
 <'(1 (>n in 
 
 •liliiy or 
 n-v^ r.r;- 
 
 .'1 '•(•!!»- 
 
 pnxlur.- 
 
 liJi'.') ? 
 
 :i'l ■in.] 
 
 l!i(>Vr- 
 
 iiillu- 
 
 y-v't 
 
 'ly l.io, 
 
 ])!!!.• 
 
 n.--:()n 
 .\vjI 
 
 il'MJI- 
 vVJKlt 
 
 •i for 
 
 i liqu- 
 id at 
 hie!) 
 •ifint 
 irios 
 rest, 
 
 ic.i- 
 
 BOARI) OF ACiHIClJI/riJKE. 
 
 17 
 
 lion o: (•lal)<>r;ilioi) in a niiichino, tonds rinir.)rtnly lodi-rlroy its prac- 
 ticn) nscfiiliKv's. 'VUo wid«'r a niju'liino dcpails IVom the; .'iiiiplr and 
 and nornud st:indar<l <)l\M)n>tin(;lI()n, so abundantly and perfectly (!X- 
 ♦•mplilied in llif divinn model, the I'arllier tlocs it ran^cj fioni inslrn- 
 mentid pcrfictidn, and those si)eei;d cliMrMcters of eonipaciness, faeili- 
 ty, accuracy, ailap edne-^^s — no! o\' rldokiiiL', at saineliuie, these iiidis- 
 pensible cotnpcn.-ations betwcc!] lorce r.nd velocity which at (.nc(! 
 oviilcnc(^ the trinniphant union and conttordancc of seientilic skill and 
 praeticd athijiiation — the cidiiva'.ed ^er.iii: (if the honoured pi(»jet;Ior. 
 
 Hut if this be s >, i.-s it not j)lain Ihal mery laenliy as well as every 
 litrd> was j^iven us to ix; exercised lo bf; eiino!)lcd by service. I:r« it 
 not cli'ar thru, in lids \iev\', we ha\e U\<' i!!o-| ])lain ni'Mliod of arriv- 
 inir at die proot of the, tna; dii^nity of laljonr. {)f)es it not leaeli us to 
 scorn the lisll(!--.>; and c'li ininale, uid recommend, thai il' ever eom- 
 mon sens(! and justice are to u^ain ihe ar'cendani amou'^.-t a rational 
 and cdiH'alcd people, and when the time shall have arrivetl when a 
 convielion of riidil and justice, and true cxpt^diency shall have |)o.s- 
 .«c's.-ed ihe public mind — in any readjustment in the scale ol' honours, 
 it v\ill t)e, necessary, nay incundx nt en us to return lo llu^ ■-im)>Ic 
 trnilt, \\hi(di ; liould be laid down lor perjii'iual obseivanei; and ic- 
 i^arded as an luifailin;^ axiom anddst idi lb." fashionab'i' fi-.-lidiousness 
 and daintiness of our modern eusloms, that the re^ndar idi( r, in any 
 raidi ; — consumini; and not prudaeini( l.)y hea.l, head, or hand — 
 or all coud)iued should be, of 'general consent, rer^arded as an nn- 
 ;-uf]<'rable exeresi^nce on s( eiely, iaid lliat he sh(ai!(l be tau'iht to feel 
 thai he li as almost a necessity to apr.luij^i; e for wearii;'.;; -i hiuuan or- 
 ^ani;:ation and in:riid!'!,i( his ( in^aberini^ and oIi;-trn!ive bulk in the 
 inid.>t of an indn.-lrions and j)rosper(ais ronumniily, N'o excuse for 
 idleness can be accepted at any tiin(\ 13^' head, heart, hand or jjurse 
 a man can at all times contribute; to the wtlAivc and happiness of his 
 fellow men. \i' he should not I'ecd in^-lined or nc<j;lect to do so, he is 
 a cnmberer of die iii^roiiud, and he scnr(!ely dtrserves to have a being. 
 Ho strides abcaii as a voluntary soieeism in Nature, 
 
 .* • './•»»• 
 I,rt US h(;ar no- more of your scliendj)£r deniai^oG'no, luHattcrinf; 
 and bespalterin<; with blatant j)rai<e thai portion ol' his leiu>w boinjifs, 
 whitdi he is conde's(-endinii[ly and patroidzin^ly pleased to dcsii^natc 
 as the '' working classes" pur crccHiHcr. 'I hey are proud of llie title. 
 They cxuk in the dignity of labour. They are not ashamcil of the 
 blown skin, and the <.;rimed brow, and the tou,<![h hand, — but th(\y only 
 respect 8uc;h men as put an honest fdlh in their capabilities and they 
 are resolved to b(^ lru(! to tlieirown order, and tludr own line ; and 
 they have no value nor admiration forilheir fancied superior, who can 
 boast of nothi<;g better than his hereditary compid.-ory or luxurious 
 sloth. 
 
 In this ji^rcat age of invention, there is a reprehensible conservatism 
 too prevalent in narrow and contracted minds, which would exclude the 
 practical use of the triumphs of mechanical genius,— They perceive, at 
 
TTT 
 
 T 
 
 Irt 
 
 'rUANSACi'IONS OK I'Mi: 
 
 lii^t vi<'V.-, tliaf liiimls ;iii(l niHcIiintv- (•.•luc iiit;) (••)!iip''liliv 'i. Tli'';, 
 (•(iiicliidc liiat iioihinj,'- hiii iill'Mv.'s-. ;i:ul .-^i.iin-.iliaM r-\-\vr imilliiiiil '.-» in 
 liic Tu't; ;in(l rir:;-^!- ii> \>c coiin '.ncnl by ihc |)liiiiu'. 1 pidtr.-i ol'llu' in;'-- 
 uomv (»r lli<' iM'W im.-iilliip. A ••••:;-;. Jc i; l'()il!r,\liii |,;'r;i( !.( d !!'.;-i!i!-<i 
 '.lie ("l;iriiii< iiim>\ •.iiitiii:-, inid kh Iim i»r;i:i! iiiid ■.iiilh'nkinir lithli" \\(iiild 
 r;\in condciim lopr'nii) ,\'a\ |;('i>',.'(;iili(Mi dif :",!'!';ili'.-! Ix'iu I'lH't"!--; (.f ilic 
 ;\j^t' Dtid i-onnl;'V.- '' ' -Ii'on*' I'lrrri'sivi-.s (»;ii ol' l,iiin-:i:-:!;"i' lo -ist- 
 liis ()lii'i;din:j lit'i' • i,il ;i:i«iii|) rd i.,:\'. ni:.'- I'!;iiiisli;i\\ !<) iuN-nl- i'|> 
 his own iiinchim'. in :i lii 'i Ix'ii' vt.icnt Mii :cil;id(\ lea:! !;■■ s'ioidd !)■• 
 ilr,' im'.'uis (>r lakiiiir \>:'u'\ ..nt >\'.- !:cii'':li,>iii>' nioutl.sr — !>..: did .ji'I 
 ArlvW riiflil ^'ivf. \\:i'ri'- ;iiid unnl i.) Mdlions <! \\;'rki;: ii, utid \>niw 
 I mil I'll I'd of \v('-\!lii iiii') i!:,' ! (M.-iiiv d!' ihi' M-i!i.:;i — jn-odii'd:! ', :i1 >.-'.;ji" 
 tiiiii'. !i ;i!ig"li'\' IT i^.iiui"- I i r ,>(iii;ii.;i iii :",■ ,y c. ninli-y u! I'l." 
 world. • 
 
 .•ivil::^-; 
 
 \\ is a iaIi.KA lo ■ ii!'|ii -(■ ( !:;ii lulu '|- - ;', in;;' in m li'ti' iV — i r ;:'!y jiin !- 
 liplicalicii oi' ii — ci.p. ( \( c dimii.idi liic i',) ;uis d' li\ii"/. — '.'I,'- op'-;-- 
 alictii of lalioiir •-uviii'.; :a.iciiiii( s ;;■;<! c ,;iii ; v"a! ci's i^ di/ic'ly an | 
 lIldilTCllv !o cncl-r.-i-^c i''.'M;T. 'iiii-, loi'i' i'.n'li'o: imd, :■ a^•'■ll^i1.4 
 paradox, — iaii i!-iiasl}cin pio, 'i! ;. ..thr,;!, !,v dn' ( vid nc" of cnj^'- 
 ri<'iKH', — and wiihodi a -in:'-!,' ;;.\f. j^dv.n. — il i>iii'' ita\ i,iy :ii;:( law ti 
 l;i!>()!:i' diat il nic. • i'orw .ird^ oii o'li- lian io;ro;,< piiiii. — i/i! ay l<"i^i- 
 liia:il(> d('V(';:»j)iai'nl. or !ir''nii\T jrn-dnra i.-f. in o.nc <!i)-i- -i ion, t'lvour-. 
 a t'()nsfiai!l\i or r^'cip.o a! d-vrlopaaiail 'n aiioli.iT. — Ti!.' annals 
 of di(; ai1> a,!!' ('|ot|iM'nl ;;■. I (■..■a'-is. inc (■;'( lids ii! ;•(]. - '; hr iiMMinv;-- 
 ni'MKH's cau^f d ia. d.(' iaiii, !''iii>n oi'a!";y I'lc;.! I'stadanica! iix i|;I i« ii 
 ill drp>i'i\ in;.;' a ^acliiai of ili- p-palalaai of •■ lajlov ImmiI, i> ia.l lond 
 aiui piiviia! ii; iis oix ;:•; i'-a, — iai; :'■■ i. la-li' - ; ;■<■ (>■- iMop 'iii a in an! ^)r>:- 
 ma ucnl. --It « nail-'s (Naaaiid-- oniy !o :• ati:dy di''a. — il ;- r.oi loo mi a- !i 
 1(1 saVj of sia-ii a Ii' n< fa.cia' oi'id ^' ; p,:-:ic>, 1 i;at !''■ \< indctal ricaa d in 
 die iinai/c oi" !ii:- iiia'ai'. I;!;i ya;: I'asldi "Vilda id!<a' — yonr dainiy 
 dan^lii!^ iiidiionnaire w i alij ;o 'k r]<',\-n oa -ladi a noinlcrrrip' — atid 
 })!'r!iaps 1)0 intdincii !o a:dv Idin. ::•- a .•»'ii;ii:i '.in;: did a i :',-i,!in nd^^liily 
 iiiViailisa' i^fadiis ni il:! aivMifiil if his 1 iin;,:)!), — '■• .\ad p • \' ^\lia1 d«» 
 
 van si 1! sir .''^ .f;>)tda''a 
 
 ; ; . . a 
 
 •^t'il. ■ !:■(', V, Il :■ KM! .;;s a.if ;i 11 lorn 
 
 oi — pou'd'. SiK 11 a i(aa\' woiild o' •■!• .•!i":ia :dl i iipl." laalcii'.a.ai . I 
 ignorance widi nuaiird (•iHdV!si(!i. — i>i!i iIi'MimIi \[\j-. ijc ipn — iiii' iih'- 
 clwiidc mils! Irdvc c-wr \r--< 1:;' f.;i! iiiai a .-aiailai' (aroi'-aiid d; ••- 
 pisi- wiia! ;s li'iily i'-.!iiii;i ;>,.' — m.-r.dv i:<'(';iii--(' Ids oj)porMt:: iiii's 
 hava licvcr ciadjl'd iiiiii lo pi i((a\v i[:< ( \ '< 1!( ai c. I'l-'puMcc is lui- 
 foiliiiialt'ly a cosmfpoiii;!,:! :iii<i prp linini v, ( cd, ami il slioald !'<■ di ' 
 t',-p(>cial cart' and -iiidy ol' rory iiijeial ■ 'id !!|;,i;dil mind lo do il-t 
 best io caisnif ils jn rfcaM f'xiii'piiiii.ai. — And aodiin ;• can opcr iio iuor«' 
 c'iru:i('ndy low aids dn- all lininriil of diis ^rcut -orial triii!ii|)ii di m dii- 
 ir('(iiu'nl ociairrcaici; of. '-iirij iVai'anal naiioiid nii'din-.'s ;is iii''j)it>- 
 .-I'lii — Icacliin*^-, ;is dicy ilo. and iaiprcssini^' npon id! dicir uiulual 
 dopcndonce ; and '.^ivin^u' all w lio a^'c woidiy of -ludi a disiinciiu!i tiit" 
 opportunity of parii* ipaliiiu; in sia-ii a irlorioa-< o\atioii ,»!' indu iiiad 
 (•xt'(dlt'nce — ;aicli a coidiiMtion of tin' iriiimplis of lal.tonr. 
 
 Rut to he inlrlli'taaaliy \\\r fac/'lc pyincfps — llu' lonl-iipi'! ioi oi' every 
 
 ■S 
 
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 lliii;i| •-; ill 
 
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 v:iv.( law « l' 
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 loll, t'lVoUi- 
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 In- ilfi'ClV.'.'- 
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 (l1 H") lillich 
 
 I crfiiii li id 
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 ^rri])' — ;inii 
 .iin iiii'(liily 
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 ■.\yr ;i II join! 
 
 i( — ilii' iiii'- 
 i- -;i!..l .'1;-- 
 )|)iiiMi;:iiirs 
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 l|)ll 111 III iiii" 
 
 IIS til>' ])IC- 
 
 irir iiiuliial' 
 ;ii!iclio:i tli>* 
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 lor oi cvt-ry 
 
 liOAHi) OF Adiicn/rrKi:. 
 
 ID 
 
 |»Iri( (' Mii'l c illiiii; Mii'tlic- soiiictliiii:; ):iorr i!i;ii! iillctil ion III Ml. lie oidi- 
 n.'iiy iliiti('<. — 'I'lic iiiii-'ii r miii'l .••liii'.,':'li's l;.u(l l.)(!isroM r \\ lii-rc !iis 
 /'vcr\ <I;iy ( iiijiloyiiifnl n",,i |;»-. I'tulli. Iiy :(Mii<' iT \\> less .-mMc lit limiil.c!!- 
 
 lloll--; Hltd tlic ••( (••■(■1 \\u-]: - I I.I • iriiiul'T KC.'.^. •■■••.■'■ iA ( ll'lirU'Il. 'I'lii:; i> ll(»t 
 
 jt.iH'iii tu iii.iir* — !.i'.";(!;>r iiol -i ii,"!il ii.i r. — I I i y air >!»ii- Ik d with moi'i' 
 |irrlW'''M'ry .ini'i.T l,:u)\vi''<|:; — jii-i .-uiririciil In ciiiil'lr •.l.iin lo cnii; 
 tii'i'r LicKi— oi , ;!i iii(>>!.Jo li\c in ;;,|( ; ,!.|r cciur"');— i-r it luiiy he, cn.siiic 
 tlh'iii a x^iy r.o'lt rait; ( "iiijcu i;»'«'.— |>i 1 I'l \\ la\r iji:'! iiiijiiisif ivc 
 liiri) >o jri:,' iliuaif ill!'! ri iiiii" iiilil ; ,— V, lirli 1-: n ; I ; - If !<ali'-li;(l 
 w ilii I lie :iiMii|)ii of iiiK ;i«ir !.ii' w Icij .;(•, V. l.li il cjialilcs the (lili^int 
 aiui liaii_cl;i\ a(M!ir<a 'u» i>(r>- ■'<■■.!■ ili'- 'iia- d* n'lali iicc an- 1 i rial ions ot 
 
 ~ V 1 _ 1 I _ 
 
 iirums, anil !■' ( luii'.ii.' lew i ii- a ca,!!;;! n iii|ia!!M:M (f coiicoidaiils 
 aiiil II I I'll .11,- itny 1 ( ai lipoa r;r I'al. .;• i I l.i,-> v.uii ( sjcciai crari, ;ii(l, 
 1)V .1 111', k V I ji^ua c, iiiii\ , '.\ oiiif ill.. .\ii( ra d a:; km imiii i.|- (N^a^-'uc- 
 
 IIHlll ll\ '.!|:C Mllo;-'-"'! II Ircil. Mill i:1 M" 1 I a 11 . n 1 M ! I • 1 1 II -I I , UpCM lip 
 
 lo Ills a -a ni hial \]r ,\- \]\r Hr.-t oi pci !!aj)> ii long clialn nl'-xp; i iiiaiit.-- 
 wiiii'li iiiiy, !iV p.iii' III prisrvci-, la I" aad !(':-! in.'.r, 1 ■. d !n dj .comm i« ~i, 
 w liM il ia:;y ,■ ■. aiiiiialiy .••ali-.' oaai.i 'r I'lMuii lei' liiiii ■( il, and pcr- 
 liiaiii at <■ las.' :ii at r aial .■omiort ;ind it i;i:', ,■ !:!• Iii;.;!:ir !;li <inu- for 
 Jii'- li'llow na a. — TJ!''!;' ir- no ait whiili pciy r.n: lu- ii;,i!;iiatly iin- 
 |)i'A{'d l.\ j.' ;,r\ri iti;r ;.! nly ;;n.| app'i.-'itii'ii al'.ii:'. — \iil ilt'M ao avl 
 \\ liiili laay i; ■; 1- • . :\ii'iid<",t mmi' lan i. lad l^y i'm' aid n "1:^- rrd; t'on 
 lo dii- kind., d •(•inic -. Tli • oi.a I \- an 'iiilailf aial nai'.j-'ai^' iravcllcr. 
 'i'lic xai'ii; t-v- iiicil.ici' ;iiid \■l^^•'•^ ii.a'. .'^i.dko tlic (■'iMiiri'a'c-i topic, it'll 
 ! 'ad to ! noiard I'ait. yoa wiii in 011 daiiliy l'-:r.'d .-■)i:,i' <■{ l!a l;\c- 
 padis v-l!!>'li !.a;d vi a .it ilir .•poi - i-l' iji- !'. lapj.- d' 1;iii!i ; — !'..-v lia'li 
 i • I ar a, nd la li\ i.-d)lr. !,i 1 d;'' • .vpa iidia--; id* ,i-- 1 ■]" i ' :r \ oialijiii.i) !.'c ilic 
 i.'nai';ina c i'l r dia uiM)d' a.r ' i' ili dr li i,^.. pli -. In di- .'..v ^ r , and iiiM a- 
 1 Ml'!. ].'■[ ili :ii .-.vdi i.la, i ill \ it I'd Know li d'^'- in i'\.!\- Iia ■, and drtrr- 
 n iac on ri.\ir,:,'' at l!u' .)iil.-''i a ITadi .inai.ird ol'arlimi. !t la'- \:.<.vu 
 s.iid ill talkiia,' ol' ITa'orir.d i-pr,' li ^ dial l\rr\ ihii!!^^ ;•• .'^'and in a 
 ;;iaad a^.". — That oia- iil'iy lind caijHMinir laind i.-i a .-!'pj>(.al and ; n 
 iiiCriiMvc to i';' f' !!..w:-' -'Ijir ^ < .1 'i!i . .f oi ! •■ coiniirN- tlaai -hiiidd I:" 
 Iliad If) kiio'..v di at t!i;\'. ia p •d'orinda.^ a.:'i'j;l!! tls.'i;- duty to daiiisi'lvi*--, 
 i>V .-Iriij^.^'diuj; allv i' );■ d'l'i 'ion tin lii.-* i\i'.-;, tia-ii' sia.-i c- !i.| endca- 
 voiiis, will brin.'4 ita.' n <■:•'»' .a'.cra'::!' ap :i'oii:j widi llsnn, — and lliat 
 t!a'\ ail' taivin'i" tli-' nio^l i.-''rt;;in nv. ;ai-, t i ( lev ilc -aad (apiidir-c art nt 
 .; ii;u(li('i' i«">' I di It di 'V i!-' doin. til. ii b st lo pimin iia ' aii I'l da' 
 l:"'i!iiy aid po.-dbilil >• i.i' \ ft lii-^li''; it* dan ' iil iiii! a'coinplisliii; lit 
 — thai tiicy aiv' doiii.i ihaji' i r>t noi oaly to sh'MJ an ( ndiii ia;^' Inslir 
 on llu'ir i.'wn n Mia-'s, l.n! an-, at -;.!ii«' lina', rh-vatiinj tiu- atiiioiad 
 (. liaiacti I', loi (Nrcllciai' in tin Ir o'.- n ^•,;dl^, and it iiiav in' rstaldi^h- 
 iii^ :ind cnilii'di.Miaiu' an I I'.', in !h<' :paiails ol' nati v.' art. — 'ria- I'dation- 
 ^lilp l)(l\vr<'n tlir pi r>oiial p^o'i■|•('^-; and tla' '.^oid of voaic^x , ^!loldd t'\rr 
 he M'co^ni.-i d a> out' ol die pi iliic iii';(s-,i! irs cl' ciir inodi i n sy-lcii;:-^ til 
 industry and idiication — liaifhinL';, :1 o' <■'■ 'he iiaiti-'nsit'v ol' his tiiat 
 mid thr ir.ealnrss of his dcpciuh'iii'' — No doiiht, \\ hilst il \\\\\ ever 
 he the oli;ri I ol' ihi' Mici Iiani(dan lo t n^mc to jiitiisidf die i^rcnlcst 
 pfofil a! the JcasI cvpcn-v , - \ i-l liii^JKa" minds \\ Ul (aanoiiR' with thi.s 
 a hiyharaini — will h)ni; alU'r tlia prtidiiction of a |)('rlrc1 lhini2[- \\ ill 
 labour huid t'.) ronibiiu' litanity : linish, j.^iact', adapt('dn(.'>s — cnijdoy- 
 
to 
 
 TRANSACTIONS OF THE 
 
 in^ nnd altrMinij; llio liii^hcst pnd mc.st oxqM'Mile r'lmbini'.lioii.i of 
 f<(.'irnc*o ruid art, — Init, h )\vcvcr patriotic, can; innsl bo t;ik' ii that 
 ;h(.'!«(? aspirations sliouM ri(»t,t«;i) IrciUK'nlly, lead toa roirohlivioiis — solf 
 saiTil'vifi'-C I'lilhoii^.insm : • \'-n- it is a jiist an I en Itiriii;' ini>;iin lliatllx! 
 labouVcr is Vvorlhy,ol liis h'u\ (\)a ccaalions ol'ilh* >-piril o! I.ao\vlc(J,ij;r 
 so (It'-iiilcn-.-^IOil ami hr^roic- woiiM exalt and dii^nily any voi-.ation. 
 Sufli lol'lv sotiU'd dc'V(iU!s cr.atc a -jcrurnc imbility and l.ro^lioilioofl, 
 whi-Ii aiV ('V<>ry udierc bom. led l'»';i'tht'r by a link pi-rlia'p-t •i^^ spijit 
 bfirrin.'^ and o''!i'4in.:^' in mwy in-lan-.M's, as ilio univcrs .I!y ivn ;vni>:'J(i 
 Idi.i^Mlions vjon.^tquci.t du u ! ill /ii. iiip or ooa.-iiinyuiaity. 
 
 (> 
 
 Philosophy s(.'.'Ii:/:n, \vi ' • !i m' nvM^iir-* <>f i.v^oy :— !!r' a:i.-i ]>;c!i 
 ihcMn nj) occajaiaiallv arul irpn.vlncc^ llu ni In coinilK'?-, I'..ri)is ol' w^r- 
 iiilncss and inxnry, '.nd ( !::!i.cri c di;niLitl''s dadr prodocis al^rcad, 
 and coiivcvs ilicni inio ditiricnl and distaiit conntiii's. All !i.is ti;n(N 
 lo incTi'asc ilu' allowed ;;iii;'nili('s ',|' jioni'' ; io cnlivra iiw f-imp'o 
 pleasures <.'!" ihc worlcinairs {.n'ni;!l I'vcnin /. — An;! siudi a/ :.riiil)la;.ffs 
 as ;ho prcsi.Til brin,<]f l-iadrcd i'afcs io.^'iser, IkmI ialoMs;:^ ', ■ cod ilu- 
 ft'vor of rivalrlc-- — ^j)i{'ad abroad j^Munous ;';ood will, ar) I lii'^h seiulcd 
 libcraliiy of fclin;.!; anii v. Idi ; a( li liiii.-, -inl crMi; icii' :n.< in 'hca'oi'ii- 
 dant dii rn is no tj.sllv.y loo bri;>lit or a:i;^j)i'. ions ibr i.ii.; ln])py 
 ronnl.iy. l.caniini^ ;-.lionl.I b(>cajMe lliu jjSTcopt'jr of iiidu. Iry, and dio 
 ^.an oi'wa'allh sboubl i:a 'an Iii:j aid to crov, ii — will diri'c!;>d cnKM'priso 
 and (■rinr<,'y widi llie w; il do crve reward cf lurrit. SoitMico, art 
 and lilltiraiurr -liordd combinr: lo individualizr and dblin-'ui-n, ai'l 
 bind 1o.\;-"lli<'r a. hunib'a; lOid r^.^ilidid iidornlion at ibo iluoru' of lb;- 
 '^rc;\\ orii>in d \vlii> as >o bi'iicdcicndy .-ndowt^d ih"ia in lividually nn.d 
 l^'iflcd llnan wilii a conniry loiMiiin"; i i abimdaPiCK^ of natriial roscurct.-.s 
 whi(di await die f;isliioiiini< band ofindu.slry \o oonvi'rt l!u-.:i inIo 
 f->rms of valuo. and of iisffulncs.^ fo ibj bf^noiii of iiiankin,l. 
 
 Bill I am no ndvor'ato for over rcfincni'^U lo the di^rc'^ird of nc- 
 rrs^ary toil, a;id I also l:no'vV thai no atlain <bio wksdorn and force: 
 sigli! can ab'-idulcly sl.'icid ibt; i'arnier a^'^.i!i;;t disappoinlinr-nt and iJi- 
 s istor.s fronn fro.«-t — from bail — bxaii j!o;,d — from tbo rava^^c.s (<f Yarjoo:* 
 inscclK, Rnt one ibini? ij< cU.'ar, llial, one y«nir with anolh;-'r, ll.o far- 
 mer wlio j)lortgbs deeper and bolter, w ho jjianiires bis ]a;id niMrr 
 l)ounliVdly, — wh.o tills bis fields ni(-st llio;ono;lily, — wlio lu cjis down 
 weeds most assidonsly— who sow,-, bis grain moro earl^^^ and , timous- 
 !y, who mtdlows bis land and sAvrett ns it b>y iho willidrawnl of su- 
 perlbions moisture : — one ibin-i^ is clear, ibat snob a man will have a 
 larger produce and Idgher prices tlnm his .doveidy neighbour, who is 
 ever negligent even ihongb hi; should farm a siiperior soil, and ba 
 back'od up by untold wealdi and (a<;dit. Industry and a-siduily suy- 
 fained by knowledge will never go without llieir reward ; and no- 
 where is it in')re (certain than in the Held of agricultiwe. It is clear 
 that a soil kept in high heart — rich in the elements of a vigonrons ve- 
 getation — well tilled and comminuted — warm and ircnial, and free 
 from tlur noxious influences ol redundant moisture, must be better 
 prepared to yield tt) a grow ing crop, the elements of an abundant har- 
 
 /• 
 
 iH 
 
 '$^ 
 
BOARD OF ACJRICL LTUriE. 
 
 ei 
 
 )in:'.lion.s of 
 t;ilv' 11 lliut 
 
 ivioiiM — self 
 
 ;hn ihiit lii(! 
 !.;i'r\vl('(|.j;(! 
 
 y viu-alion. 
 
 ,'n;:lioihi)i)fl, 
 
 MM < 'p\/.iu\ 
 
 vest, ihiiu a >.)il \\ hic'li has hern iu'<r|.'(',hil or c\l»ausle«.l, or j)ui:ioneil 
 l)v injiiflicioii-j applicalioiiM under ili • title of fiMliliz.Ms. A small fartn 
 svi;li tilk'cl and a little barn well liik'd will I)' fonncl tnorc renutiu'ra- 
 lin^ lliari tin' false sv.-fciu of cnorea^iti'j: tlic acrcable area, rather than 
 c'lici. .1; iii,t( til • iicreablo prcdiicc . 
 
 I think that market f}fardeniiig m':^\\[ he much Inrthcr exteiiflcd in 
 ih:' ?ifii,'lihomliood of our larger t(AvnH and cliirs — mnch to the projii 
 of the producer and to the l)cnelil of l^le coiwmier. If so litis exten- 
 sion WDuld he extremely biMieiiji li both in an economical and jaani- 
 l'<r> j'oitit of viess . 
 
 i" a;!.^ ]>icli 
 ;riiis cU' ti^?'- 
 ll(.;1s ;;]v;<-ad, 
 !l li.is tend« 
 the ?'ii!ip'e 
 a;' .•.eml)lj;.;es 
 •-, -^ CO »1 the 
 hi'^h souied 
 in "lie n 5(.u'n- 
 liii.< happy 
 •.;ry, tjr.d ihc 
 rd en'icrpriso 
 vScieii( e, urt. 
 liiT'uisn, ai' I 
 Iiione of the 
 vidnally and 
 tial ro;^()urce.s 
 t ihe.n into 
 iJ. 
 
 ^re'^ard of ne- 
 m e.ni force 
 l'(i':!it. aixi di- 
 '":■•:;■; of vaijo'ia 
 lli:^r, llto far- 
 s li:id niorr 
 h( eps (loWM 
 
 and , ti'.uoiis- 
 Irawal of sn- 
 will have a 
 !)onr, who is 
 soil, and oa 
 [-.sidnily su;^- 
 id ; and no- 
 il i.s clear 
 vigonrons vo- 
 lial, and free 
 List be better 
 abundant bar- 
 
 m 
 
 9 
 
 Thoie 1-j a .','real and promineni superiority we ''Mjoy. \\hcth"r 
 eini;i;rant.s or old setih-rs in this country — and it i < this, — the f;u;ility 
 whi' h is afl'MdiHl to every sober and industrious res^itleni to acquire 
 a h(tldin,'^ of his own at moderati^ co-r. I[e, exist.-s heri*. Jieither serf 
 nor tenant, lie is Kml and absolute sujierior of his property, and no 
 man can deprive him of, ( r insisl on his rii^dit to jiartieipate in the 
 prorluc'.' of his industry. Taxes .are liy^hf and burdens trilling, and 
 all is (expended for his own bonefit. lie has nothinj: to comoluin of 
 — nolliini:^ to ijrumble at. Let the youth oi \\i\< eoimtry then cease 
 to wnste their precious hours in delusive hopes and golden dreams — 
 delasive and fallacious — but after a few years of patient plodding 
 industry — whilst rct^civing their inatiatory instruction — by the prac- 
 tice of econominij^ and temperance, taey will speedily ae(juirc the ne- 
 cessaiy amount which will enable ihein to pandiase aproperlytlieycan 
 with pride and pleasure call their own — ihey will freely choose their 
 future homes — they will cease to be hirelings, and by ten years of 
 persev( rini^ energy and unfailing thrift, steadily win their way to per- 
 manent independence and competence, and go down to the grave, 
 most probably after a long life of comfort and rational enjoyment, be- 
 loved and respecte ', and regretted by a sorrowing neighbourhood. 
 Who would not envy the happy lot of such a man. ? 
 
 I would again revive a suggestion amongst many others whieh 
 Iliad the honour of making to the late Lord Metcalfe, when Gov- 
 ernor General of these Provinces, and for which I had the gratiii- 
 cation of receiving very flattering commendations. 
 
 The Indian Rice is as highly esteemed by the Indians of the North 
 West, as w^as corn in the first settlement of this country by the In- 
 dians of the North East. Its great abundance in tha swampy lakes 
 of Minesola, and nearer our doors, is well known. The squaws in 
 September, who pushing their canvass among the thick growth, bend 
 the heads of the Rice over the sides of their rude vessels, beat oat 
 the grain with their paddles, and after drying it in the ?un, husk ami 
 winnow it, — have sold it at the rate of a dollar a busiielto thctraveller 
 who found it properly prepared, an agreeable dish and an p.dmlrable 
 pupplemenl to this failing stock of provender. Its appearancft 
 
^: 
 
 Iff 
 
 23 
 
 TRANS ACTfOXS OF TIIR 
 
 ;■ 
 
 •ressembk'3 llic r.'cd comnio;! to our lidal walcr courses, — i^rtAviii*^ 
 wiiL'i'c no oihcr crop c;iii hi* cultivnic;!, !uk1 not o'.\ recently (Ir;iinc(l 
 Of on ncwiy reclaimed land, liesides, i)liintati()ns of Indian Uice will, 
 necessarily l)e I'lee I'loin tDi'aria. — the curse of soulliein Kic(,' lields. 
 I nivseli', received it in Scotland o\\ sevei-al (vcasions for 
 cxperunenl, >) ;cked uj) in i\\-y |>ai>er, \\r\i\ the s( . d< gt-iuiinatcd, and 
 llov.ered and bore frnii ; hut it .•-lioidd i)e couuniMcd !o the soil, i)clow 
 ware- immediately after IraiHporl. Itseeiu-a': it naliin' herself liad 
 jnte.ided this cereal lo liccdiiie at a I'uiure day lie.' brcail (\;rn of 1 lie 
 \ox\\\ — v.iili carefiii eidtivalion ; ami what reeoiniii'-n Is it e>i)eciaily 
 i-; that it a!)stracl-i no |)<i!;ioa ul'iii.' available corn lai!dr« of the couji- 
 irv from c;il!ure— !>!U will \)'' m 'icly a \.i>l a\aiiai>ie suppleiucnt to 
 the i^iMieral .-liU'iv. 
 
 llavin:; been c"!"!v-i\ ely cnga;';.'d io>) iiiid..i- dc (io'.ernnient (h'ain- 
 ;ii>e connai.-^ion in Scotland, I lia'.'c a! -o \e!it;ii-ctl to sui»-;j^est and 
 ollin' tiu' adapialion of die [i!i.)erial seliem" to ihe neecs-iiies and rc- 
 (jinicments of C'anad i. I have pi^Aided myseli' w idi all the in- 
 lbrn)atioii to be oblain^vl from ih - lnelos;MN- Coinmi. sioners of 
 England, w il!i wlion; we Ia1(dy ailed, and (>\eiy facility and assis- 
 lance ha^; \)cc\\ fi tnl\l\ and cheerlullv offered b\' die Imiterial Corn- 
 nd :sioners. 
 
 Hefo)-c coned nd in LT, let 111" be:^»- oi' yo;! Id join \\ idi me whilst we 
 relleel wd'li bv'ctimJm!; prid<' en ihe prob d-)Ie sijieedy development, ;ind 
 i;reat f'ltm'e of ti:e Ameiiean (.'ontiiicm. Wdiat marrniiiccnt and noble 
 loj)ics we have lo reward our well direeled energies. The ([ucstion 
 oi the futm\' (lovernment of the lliid.-on Day Territ;iri(^s — the setllo- 
 rnenlof the lle<l lliver Colonies- -of liritisli ('ohmd/ni and V'ancouvcrs 
 ls!and----the Federalica of the liriiish American CoU)nies — ih ^ great 
 Inlernational Uailway system, - the conlimialion of ih • (Jrand Trunk 
 lotli(> Pacili:; coast ; the seat (»f die Canadian Cipital ; the 'I'cdegraph- 
 ic Cable connecting continent wdlh continent — di' l'ia>t with the 
 West;- — ought not the contemplaiion of ihoc mighty Mibjccls to fdl lhc» 
 
 mind of every lover of his coimliy — I'veiy lover of ci\ ili/.ation, with 
 
 lolly views and becoming pride, as himsidf, \\\ some capa(dty,isdoomed 
 to figure as a promotcu' or parlicipalor of Miidi wa)ild wide bcnefilt*. — 
 Of wdial gigan'ic political devidopunMils is thi> land (U^stined to bt; 
 l!ie fraitfid parent ! W hal a mighly fulurc awaits ht-r ! I. el us then 
 once and for over disown ixMly spiabbling and suicid; I antagonisiiu 
 ---del us bury the hatch'l— del u- ilisabu:-.- our^eUa^s (if all sectional 
 and sectarian heats — and let all ouv aciivity of body luid oi' mind bc- 
 conu.' ab.- 
 
 oibf'd m Ihe singi(> idea ot miiii.-tering lo tiie prospcn-ily an( 
 
 glory of our common counlry-— to show ourselves worthy of the bril- 
 liant desliny whicdi certainly and iuimediat(dv awaits ourselves and 
 prospectively our descendants ;— and this in humble bui 
 
 conuiuMil ro 
 
 d;uice on tliat j)ro1ective arm whit h can shield from every evil and 
 and that w aUdiiVd eye w ITudi slumbers noi nor >leeps, — 
 
 oppression, 
 
 but is coiislanlly bent in benignant approval on uU those who in 
 Irulhi'ul reliance on oinnipolence are busied in working out the task 
 which a kind provideiu;e basset bifore them. 
 
 \ 
 
(Ir;iinc(l 
 ue will, 
 I* ticld.x. 
 ons for 
 (*(|, and 
 il, bfhnv 
 sell" had 
 I of ihf 
 |)eci!iily 
 le coiiji- 
 
 I'lUOIlt U) 
 
 nl (Irain- 
 fcst iiiid 
 > and rc- 
 1 the iii- 
 iicrs ol" 
 d as.'^is- 
 il ("uin- 
 
 iilst \\f 
 ml, aiul 
 id iiobit' 
 (;u(.'stit)ii 
 
 .' SL'Ulo- 
 
 icoLuers 
 ' i^real 
 '. Trunk 
 Ici^rapli- 
 :\{h lliL' 
 () fill llip 
 
 , ^\•itll 
 
 doomed 
 lefilt*.-- 
 ed to h(! 
 us tlicii 
 gonii-ini 
 eofionai 
 liiid hc- 
 nly and 
 tile bril- 
 ^'cs and 
 dcnl ro 
 vil and 
 
 ('<'|)S,— - 
 
 wlu) in 
 the la^k