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rj-PaJk 
 
 RULE5 
 
 FOR 
 
 
 BASKET BALL 
 
 
 BY 
 
 JA5. NAISMITH 
 
 INSTRUCTOR IN 
 
 International Y. M. C. A. Training School 
 
 SPRINGFIELD, MASS. 
 
 PRESS OF 
 SPRINGFIELD PRINTING AND BINDING COMPANY 
 
 1892 
 

 
 
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* BASKET BALL. 
 
 t 
 
 Basket Ball is not a game intended merely for 
 amusement, but is the attempted solution of a prob- 
 lem which has been pressing on physical educators. 
 Most of the games which are played out of doors are 
 unsuitable for indoors, and consequently whenever 
 the season closes, the game, together with all the 
 benefits to be derived therefrom, is dropped. It is 
 true that some players have been accustomed to 
 keep up a desultory kind of training but it lacked 
 the all-round development that is so requisite, and 
 very frequently failed to give that training for the 
 heart and lungs which is so desirable. A number 
 of gymnasiums have running tracks, but even then 
 it is more or less uninteresting to run around a 
 gallery so many times per day. 
 
 There were certain definite conditions to be met 
 by the game which was required, and these had to 
 be complied with before it could be pronounced 
 satisfactory. 
 
 1st. It should be such as could be played on 
 any kind of ground, — in a gymnasium, a large room, 
 a small lot, a large field, whether these had uneven 
 or smooth surface, so that no special preparation 
 
would be necessary. This is especially necessary 
 in large cities where in order to get a good sized 
 field you must go to a considerable distance, thus 
 rendering it inaccessible to many of the members. 
 Basket ball may be played on any grounds and on 
 any kind of a surface. It has been played in a 
 gymnasium 12x20 and can be played on an ordinary 
 foot ball field. 
 
 2d. It should be such as could be played by a 
 large number of men at once. This has been fully 
 met, as the only limit to the number of men that 
 can play is the space at command. If a great 
 number of men wish to play at once, two balls may 
 be used at the same time, and thus the fun is aug- 
 mented though some of the science may be lost. 
 The men however are required to keep their posi- 
 tions a little more carefully. As many as fifty on 
 a side have been accommodated. 
 
 3d. It should exercise a man all-round. Every 
 part of his body should get a share of attention. 
 His legs are used to sustain his body and his arms 
 are exercised in handling an object, which is a 
 normal function. In the bendings and twistings 
 of the trunk and limbs the vital organs receive such 
 exercise as will make them healthy and strong. 
 Thus in a manner it serves the same purpose as the 
 sum total of the apparatus in a gymnasium, while 
 the main development is in strict accord with the 
 idea of unity in man. It should cultivate the dif- 
 ferent energies of which he is capable. Agility is 
 one of the prime requisites in a game where the 
 
 t 
 
" 
 
 ^ 
 
 ball must be secured before an opponent can reach 
 it, and when obtained he must be battled in his 
 attempt to take it away. This also gives us grace 
 as the perfection of action. Physical judgment is 
 required and cultivated in handling the ball, re- 
 ceiving it from one of your own side, and eluding 
 an opponent. This requires that a man should 
 keep complete control of himself or his play is 
 more than likely to count for nothing. A wrong 
 pass may give the opponent a decided advantage 
 and an instant's hesitation is sufficient to lose the 
 best opportunity that might be .offered. There 
 should also be developed that manly courage which 
 is so essential in every true gentleman. 
 
 4th. It should be so attractive that men would 
 desire to play it for its own sake. This is one of 
 the chief points in this game. The thorough 
 abandonment of every thought but that of true sport 
 makes it entirely recreative, while the laughable 
 side of the game may be appreciated by both play- 
 ers and spectators. It is made more attractive by 
 the fact that it is a game into which competition 
 may enter and opposing teams may try their skill, 
 thus giving zest to those who have become profi- 
 cient in the game. 
 
 5th. It should have little or none of the reputed 
 roughness of Rugby or Association foot ball, for 
 this reason, kicking at the ball and striking at it 
 with the fist were prohibited. All running with 
 the ball was done away with because when a man 
 runs with the ball we necessarily have tackling to 
 
stop him, and it is at this point that the roughness 
 of Rugby is most severely felt. This regulation 
 has been criticised specially by Rugby men, but the 
 above reasons should appeal to every one who is 
 seeking a game that can be played without rough- 
 ness. A man's whole attention is thus centered on 
 the ball and not on the person of an opponent, and 
 thus opportunity for personal spite is taken away. 
 If some of the rules seem unnecessarily severe it 
 should be remembered that the best time to stop 
 roughness is before it begins. A gymnasium is 
 bounded by wall^, so that a push which would re- 
 sult in no harm on the soft turf may send a player 
 against the wall with force enough to injure him. 
 If the rules are strictly enforced at first the ijien 
 will soon get accustomed to playing ball instead of 
 trying to injure those who are opposed to them 
 only for the time being, and they will soon realize 
 that it is nothing but a friendly game. The very 
 men who wish to play roughly will be the first to 
 condemn the game if roughness is allowed, for it 
 is generally they who get the worst of the rough- 
 ness in the end. 
 
 6th. 1 1 should be easy to learn. Lacrosse, which 
 is considered one of the best all-round games, has 
 this objection, that it requires too much practice 
 in order to obtain even the exercise from the 
 game, whereas any one can learn to play basket 
 ball at a single lesson, and at the same time 
 obtain the exercise which an experienced player 
 gets. 
 
 4 
 
 V 
 
 4 
 
V 
 
 These were felt to be the conditions that would 
 determine the usefulness of a game that might be 
 played summer and winter, in any climate, and 
 under varying conditions. 
 
 The object of a player should be whenever his 
 own side has possession of the ball to gain an 
 uncovered position so that his own side may pass 
 it to him. On the other hand, his opponent should 
 see that he does not gain this favorable position. 
 It is at this point that head work and the ability to 
 do a certain thing without letting his opponent 
 know what he is about to do, are valuable. Indi- 
 vidual play does not count for much, for very often 
 a man has to sacrifice his own chance of making a 
 goal that he may be sure of it from the hands of 
 another. In the gymnasium the ball as a rule 
 should not be passed swiftly in a straight line, but 
 should be tossed lightly so that the one who 
 receives it shall lose no time in passing it to 
 another or throwing for a goal. But on the field, 
 where long passes may be made, the straight throw 
 may be used to advantage. 
 
 Nine men make a nice team for an ordinary 
 sized, gymnasium, and they may be arranged 
 as indicated by diagram on page 8. 
 
 A goal keeper ; two guards to assist him ; a 
 center ; a right and left center ; two wings and a 
 home man. 
 
 These are arranged in this order from the goal 
 which they are defending. A man does not need 
 to keep strictly to his place, but should be always 
 
BASKET. 
 
 L. Wing. 
 
 Home. 
 
 C/3 
 
 R. Wing, g 
 
 o 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 L. Center. 
 
 Center. 
 
 R. Center. 
 
 U 
 
 L. Guard. 
 
 Goal Keeper. 
 
 R. Guard. 
 
 
 BASKET. 
 
 Diagram of Basket Ball— position of players. 
 
 8 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 in his own part of the grounds. It should be the 
 duty of the home man and the two wings to get a 
 favorable position to throw for goal and to assist 
 one another in this matter. These ought to be men 
 who are not afraid to sacrifice their own glory for 
 the good of the team, while, at the same time, they 
 should be cool headed enough to use every oppor- 
 tunity of trying for goal. It is often the unexpected 
 that wins. The center men are placed so that they 
 may assist the forwards or help the guards, as the 
 strain comes on each of these. They should be 
 able to make a good shot for goal and quick enough 
 to stop a good play of an opponent. Their aim 
 should be constantly to feed the ball forward to 
 their own men and keep them in a position to 
 make goals. The duty of the guards is principally 
 to prevent the opponents throwing for goal, by pre- 
 venting them from getting the ball, and by taking 
 it from them when they are preparing to throw. 
 In this, if anywhere, prevention is better than cure, 
 for when a ball is thrown up so as to alight in the 
 basket there is no goal keeper who can keep it 
 from entering. The goal keeper's duty Is to get 
 the ball away from the vicinity of his goal and to 
 stop as many plays as possible, thus he will bat the 
 ball more frequently than is advisable in the case of 
 the other players. 
 
 When fun and recreation are desired, as many 
 men as please may play, and they may be distrib- 
 uted according to the captain's own idea, but the 
 best plan seems to be to divide the men into three 
 
classes, forwards occupying the third of the 
 ground nearest the opponents' goal ; center men 
 occupying the middle third ; guards occupying the 
 defensive third of the ground. This is not a hard 
 and fast division, but merely to let the men know 
 for what part of the field they are responsible. 
 The men ought to be taught to fill every position, as 
 it is intended to be an all-round game, and though 
 each position entails plenty of hard work yet each 
 man is better if he be able to take any part. 
 
 THE GROUNDS. 
 
 These are the gymnasium floor cleared of appa- 
 ratus, though any building of this nature would 
 suit. If there is a gallery or running track around 
 the building the baskets may be hung up on this, 
 one at each end, and the bounds marked out on the 
 floor just beneath this gallery. The apparatus may 
 be stored away behind this line and thus be out of 
 the field of play. If there is no gallery the baskets 
 may be hung on the wall, one at each end. In an 
 open field a couple of posts may be set up with 
 baskets on top, and set at the most convenient dis- 
 tance. Out of doors, with plenty of room, the field 
 may be 150 feet long, the goal lines running 
 through the baskets perpendicular to the length of 
 the field; the side boundaries 100 feet apart, but 
 the ball must be passed into the field when behind 
 the goal lines. A player cannot run after he has 
 picked up the ball, though he may throw it and 
 endeavor to get it again ; by this means he may 
 
 10 
 
i 
 
make progress from one part of the field to 
 another, but his opponent always has an oppor- 
 tunity of gaining the ball without tackling him. 
 Again, hie may bat it in front of him as he runs, or 
 dribble it with his hand along the ground, but he 
 cannot kick it with his feet, not even to dribble it. 
 At a picnic the baskets may be hung on a couple 
 of trees and the game carried on as usual. 
 
 GOALS. 
 
 The goals are a couple of baskets or boxes about 
 fifteen inches in diameter across the opening and 
 about fifteen inches deep. If the field of play is 
 large the baskets may be larger, so as to allow of 
 more goals being made. When the field is 150 
 feet long the baskets may be thirty inches in 
 diameter. These are to be suspended, one at each 
 end of the grounds, about ten feet from the floor. 
 A neat device for a goal has been arranged by the 
 Narragansett Machine Company, by which the ball 
 is held and may be thrown out by pulling a string. 
 It is both lasting and convenient. 
 
 The object of the game is to put the ball into your 
 opponents' goal. This may be done by throwing the 
 ball from any part of the grounds, with one or both 
 hands, under the following conditions and rules : — 
 
 The ball to be an ordinary Association foot ball. 
 
 1. The ball may be thrown in any direction with one 
 or both hands. 
 
 2. The ball may be batted in any direction with one 
 •or both hands (never with the fist). 
 
 12 
 
 I 
 
 t 
 
 
t 
 
 3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player 
 must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, al- 
 lowance to be made for a man who catches the ball 
 when running if he tries to stop. 
 
 4. The ball must be held by the hands, the arms or 
 body must not be used for holding it. 
 
 5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping, or 
 striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be 
 allowed ; the first infringement of this rule by any 
 player shall count as a foul, the second shall disqualify 
 him until the next goal is made, or, if there was evident 
 intent to injure the person, for the whole of th- game, 
 no substitute allowed. 
 
 6. A foul is striking at the ball with the fist, viola- 
 tion of Rules 3, 4, and such as described in Rule 5. 
 
 7. If either side makes three consecutive fouls it 
 shall count a goal for the opponents (consecutive means 
 without the opponents in the mean time making a foul). 
 
 8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or 
 batted/r^w the grounds into the basket and stays there, 
 providing those defending the goal do not touch or dis- 
 turb the goal. If the ball rests on the edges, and the 
 opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. 
 
 9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be 
 thrown into the field of play by the person first touch- 
 ing it. He has a right to hold it unmolested for five 
 seconds. In case of a dispute the umpire shall throw it 
 straight into the field. The thrower-in is allowed five 
 seconds, if he holds it longer it shall go to the opponent. 
 If any side persists in delaying the game the umpire 
 shall call a foul on that side. 
 
 13 
 
10. The umpire shall be judge of the men and shall 
 note the fouls and notify the referee when three con- 
 secutive fouls have been made. He shall have power 
 to disqualify men according to Rule 5. 
 
 11. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall 
 decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to which side 
 it belongs, and shall keep the time. He shall decide 
 when a goal has been made, and keep account of the 
 goals, with any other duties that are usually performed 
 by a referee. 
 
 12. The time shall be two fifteen minutes, halves, 
 ^with five minutes' rest between. 
 
 13. The side making the most goals in that time 
 shall be declared the winner. In case of a draw the 
 game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued 
 until another goal is made. 
 
 The position of umpire is a very responsible 
 -one, and on his ruling depends, to a great degree, 
 the value of the game. If he deliberately over- 
 looks violation of the rules he is responsible for a 
 great deal of unnecessary roughness and conse- 
 quent ill feeling, but if he is firm and impartial in 
 his decisions he will soon win the respect of all, 
 even those who suffered at the time. 
 
 When a goal is made it does not cancel the fouls 
 made, neither does half time. 
 
 Any player has a right to get the ball at any 
 time when it is in the field of play, provided only 
 that he handles the ball and not the opponent. He 
 may slap or pull the ball out of another's hands at 
 any time while in the field of play. 
 
 
 
 14 
 
J 
 
 A player may stand in front of the thrower and 
 obstruct the ball, but he must not violate Rule 5. 
 One aim of the rules has been to eliirinate rou^h 
 play, and for this reason the umpire must interpret 
 them with this aim in view. 
 
 Any side which persistently makes fouls is work- 
 ing against its own interests, as three consecutive 
 fouls count a goal for the other side. This seemed 
 the best way of compensating those who play a 
 good clean game, and it has proved of value al- 
 ready, for many a team has had two fouls called on 
 them, but very seldom do they make the third, for 
 a team is then on its good behavior, and thus shows 
 that it is possible to play without making many 
 fouls. Setting the number at three gives plenty of 
 room for those made by accident. 
 
 4 
 
 IS